cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Telephone Depression Intervention to Reduce Employee Presenteeism and Absenteeism

Objectives:The study tested an intervention aimed at improving work functioning among middle-aged and older adults with depression and work limitations.Methods:A randomized clinical trial allocated an initial sample of 431 eligible employed adults (age ≥45) to a work-focused intervention (WFI) or usual care. Inclusion criteria were depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) and at-work limitations indicated by a productivity loss score ≥5% on the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ). Study sites included 19 employers and five related organizations. Telephone-based counseling provided three integrated modalities: care coordination, cognitive-behavioral therapy strategy development, and work coaching and modification. Effectiveness (change in productivity loss scores from preintervention to four months postintervention) was tested with mixed models adjusted for confounders. Secondary outcomes included change in WLQ work performance scales, self-reported absences, and depression.Res...
Organoboranes for synthesis. 3. oxidation of organoboranes with aqueous chromic acid. a convenient synthesis of ketones from alkenes via hydroboration

Abstract Organoboranes react with alkaline hydrogen peroxide to provide a wide variety of alcohols. These alcohols can be taken up in ether solvent and converted without isolation into the corresponding ketones by treatment with chromic acid. Organoboranes can also be oxidized directly with chromic acid to the corresponding ketones. The chromic acid oxidation of organoboranes provides a new, convenient procedure for the synthesis of α-substituted cycloalkanones via hydroboration. The conversion of organoboranes into ketones proceeds through the intermediate alcohol. Representative cycloalkanones and α-methylcycloalkanones have been prepared from the corresponding alkenes via hydroboration, followed by chromic acid oxidation.
Distinct Roles for VeA and LaeA in Development and Pathogenesis of Aspergillus flavus

Aspergillus flavus, a mycotoxigenic filamentous fungus, colonizes several important agricultural crops, such as maize and peanuts. Two proteins, VeA and LaeA, known to form a nuclear complex in Aspergillus nidulans have been found to positively regulate developmental processes in several Aspergillus species. Here, an examination of near-isogenic A. flavus mutants differing in copy number of veA and laeA alleles (0, 1, or at least 2 each) revealed critical roles for VeA and LaeA in A. flavus development and seed colonization. In contrast to the wild type, both null mutants were unable to metabolize host cell lipid reserves and were inhibited by oleic acid in growth assays. The copy number of LaeA but not VeA appeared critical for a density-dependent sclerotial-to-conidial shift, since the multicopy laeA (MClaeA) strain produced relatively constant sclerotial numbers with increasing population size rather than showing the decrease in sclerotia seen in both the wild-type and MCveA strains. The MCveA-laeA strain yielded an intermediate phenotype. This study revealed unique roles of VeA and LaeA in seed pathogenesis and fungal biology, distinct from their cooperative regulatory functions in aflatoxin and sclerotial development.
Abortion and regret

The article considers three theses about postabortion regret which seek to illustrate its pertinence to reasoning about abortion, and which are often deployed, either explicitly or implicitly, to dissuade women out of that reproductive choice. The first is that postabortion regret renders an abortion morally unjustified. The second is that that a relatively high incidence of postabortion regret-compared with a lower incidence of postnatal regret in the relevant comparator field-is good evidence for the moral impermissibility of abortion choice. The third is that high rates of postabortion regret suggest that abortion is not the most prudent or welfare-maximising choice for the woman concerned. All three theses argue for the compellingness of knowledge about postabortion regret in moral and practical reasoning about abortion, especially from the pregnant woman's point of view. This article argues that all three theses are flawed. In particular, it seeks to remind readers that feelings of regret directed at past decisions are often decoupled from the fact of the matter about their moral or rational justification. Moreover, certain features of reproductive decisions in particular make regret an especially unsuitable yardstick for actual justification in this context, and even less epistemically reliable as evidence for a lack of justification than it may be in other fields of decision-making. The implication is that rates of postabortion regret, even if they can be presumed to be higher than rates of postnatal regret, are not as pertinent to moral and practical reasoning about abortion as is sometimes suggested.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) diagnostics: Interpretation and limitations

Summary Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been a major pathogen associated with swine disease. Attempts to control and better understand this disease have led to the extensive implementation of diagnostic assays. Techniques commonly used include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect fluorescent antibody, serum neutralization, polymerase chain reaction, and nucleotide sequencing. These assays provide information about the PRRSV status of an animal or herd, but if not interpreted correctly, erroneous conclusions may be drawn and inappropriate decisions made in attempts to control PRRSV. Factors such as laboratory variation, reagents used in the assay, protocol variation, and technical limitations should all be considered when interpreting diagnostic results. The diagnostic assays based on nucleotide sequence also appear to be greatly misunderstood in the industry and do not provide insight into either PRRSV isolate virulence or vaccine selection. This manuscript attempts to review general diagnostic assay principles, provide insight into assay limitations, and provide recommendations on proper use of assays and interpretation of results.
Introduction: Metals in Biology: METALS AT THE HOST-PATHOGEN INTERFACE*

This seventh Metals in Biology Thematic Series deals with the metal-based interactions of mammalian hosts with pathogens. Both pathogens and hosts have complex regulatory systems for metal homeostasis. Understanding these provides strategies for fighting pathogens, either by excluding essential metals from the microbes, by delivery of excess metals to cause toxicity, or by complexing metals in microorganisms. Intervention is possible by delivery of complexing reagents or by targeting the microbial regulatory apparatus.
Formation of mixed Al-Fe colloidal sorbent and dissolved-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn in the Cement Creek - Animas River Confluence, Silverton, Colorado

Transport and chemical transformations of dissolved and colloidal Al, Fe, Cu and Zn were studied by detailed sampling in the mixing zone downstream from the confluence of Cement Creek (pH 4.1) with the Animas River (pH 7.6). Complete mixing resulted in circumneutral pH in the downstream reach of the 1300 m study area. All four metals were transported through this mixing zone without significant losses to the streambed, and they exhibited transformations from dissolved to colloidal forms to varying degrees during the mixing process. Nearly all of the Al formed colloidal hydrous Al oxides (HAO) as pH increased (4.8–6.5), whereas colloidal hydrous Fe oxides (HFO) were supplied by Cement Creek as well as formed in the mixing zone primarily at higher pH (>6.5). The short travel time through the mixing zone (approx. 40 min) and pH limited the formation of HFO from dissolved Fe 2+ supplied by Cement Creek. Although the proportions of HAO and HFO varied as the streams mixed, the colloidal sorbent typically was enriched in HAO relative to HFO by a factor of 1.5–2.1 (by mole) in the pH range where dissolved-to-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn was observed. Model simulations of sorption by HFO (alone) greatly underestimated the dissolved-to-colloidal partitioning of Zn. Previous studies have shown that HAO–HFO mixtures can sorb greater amounts of Zn than HFO alone, but the high Zn-to-sorbent ratio in this mixing zone could also account for greater partitioning. In contrast to Zn, comparisons with model simulations did not show that Cu sorption was greater than that for HFO alone, and also indicated that sorption was possibly less than what would be expected for a non-interactive mixture of these two sorbents. These field results for Cu, however, might be influenced by (organic) complexation or other factors in this natural system. Laboratory mixing experiments using natural source waters (upstream of the confluence) showed that the presence of HFO in the mixed sorbent resulted in greater Cu partitioning than for HAO alone, and that the effect was greater with increasing (mole fraction) HFO. This was consistent with field results that showed greater Cu sorption when additional HFO was formed in the downstream reach of the mixing zone. Further research is needed to identify the significance of surface-related mechanisms specific to HAO–HFO mixtures that could affect the partitioning of Cu in natural systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Manipulo-spatial aspects of cerebral lateralization: Clues to the origin of lateralization

The right hemisphere advantage for split-brain patients on a variety of spatial tasks (block design, cube drawing, wire figures, and fragemented stimuli) is found to be highly dependent upon the involvement of manual activities in the perception of spatial relationships or the production of spatial responses. The cerebral localization of the neural substrate of manipulo-spatial functions suggests why the hemispheres differ along the manipulo-spatial dimension. These observations, in conjunction with other clinical data, are suggestive of the origins of cerebral lateralization.
Convex grouping combining boundary and region information

Convexity is an important geometric property of many natural and man-made structures. Prior research has shown that it is imperative to many perceptual-organization and image-understanding tasks. This paper presents a new grouping method for detecting convex structures from noisy images in a globally optimal fashion. Particularly, this method combines both region and boundary information: the detected structural boundary is closed and well aligned with detected edges while the enclosed region has good intensity homogeneity. We introduce a ratio-form cost function for measuring the structural desirability, which avoids a possible bias to detect small structures. A new fragment-pruning algorithm is developed to achieve the structural convexity. The proposed method can also be extended to detect open boundaries, which correspond to the structures that are partially cropped by the image perimeter and incorporate a human-computer interaction for detecting a convex boundary around a specified point. We test the proposed method on a set of real images and compare it with the Jacobs'convex-grouping method
The problem of similarity: analysis of repeated patterns of microsculpture on gastropod larval shells

. The problem of similarity is one of explaining the causes of striking resemblances between patterns and architectural themes that recur in organisms at various scales of biological organization. Classical explanations that have considered only the alternatives of homology and analogy overlook similarities of form that are primarily a consequence of fabrication, conveying little information about evolutionary relationships or functional role. When viewed at successively higher magnifications and when mapped onto a phylogeny, patterns of delicate cancellate microsculpture and granular microprotuberances on the surfaces of larval shells of marine gastropods fail to meet the predictions of exclusively historical or exclusively functional explanations, but are shown to be rich in fabricational information. Similar patterns suggest that early biomineralization of the initial organic shell is under weaker biological control than the processes that modulate assembly of the multi-layered, hierarchically-organized composite materials of the adult shell. Some patterns suggest remote biomineralization, without direct influence of living tissue. Scanning electron microscopy of larval shell features reveals previously undetected variation on basic themes that may have implications for the traditional disciplines of systematics, functional morphology, and fabricational morphology. The integration of the approaches of the traditional divisions of biology is required for full explanation of similarity and to generate a unified set of principles for the analysis of form in living and fossil organisms.
Structural-metamorphic chronology in a roof pendant near Oakhurst, California: Implications for the tectonics of the western Sierra Nevada

Foliation, broken bedding, and two “shear zones” in pre-Cretaceous clastic metasedimentary rocks in a roof pendant west of Oakhurst, California, are on trend with the western Sierra Nevada metamorphic belt to the northwest. In the pendant, foliations define a westward-verging, upward-diverging fan, and lineations have orientations that plot along a great circle, or a small circle of large diameter, with a maximum at the intersection of the circle and the synoptic foliation. Rock microtextures are characterized by porphyroblast clasts, especially of hornblende, in a matrix of aligned cataclastic fragments and some superimposed static mineral growth. Three major events are interpreted. The first, M 1 , is characterized by probable synkinematic metamorphism of the epidote-amphibolite facies. The second, here correlated with the classical Nevadan orogeny, involved the cataclastic development of the prominent, penetrative, northwest-striking foliation surface, S 1 , and the incomplete transposition of M 1 hornblende lineations ( a kinematic axis: N50°E, 64°NE). During this event, bodies of ultramafic and granodioritic rocks were emplaced and deformed along the “shear zones.” Finally, contact metamorphism, M 2 , chiefly of the albite-epidote-hornfels facies, resulted from the intrusion of batholithic rocks between approximately 98 and 136 m.y. ago. Regional implications include the following: (1) the shear zones may be southerly remnants of the Foothills fault system, probably the Melones fault zone; (2) M 1 could represent a moderately deep expression of the Sonoma or Antler orogenies; and (3) the kinematics of S 1 favor an interpretation of primarily vertical displacement for the Nevadan deformation and, hence, lend possible support to most subduction models.
How to Respond to an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shock

The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has consistently demonstrated a life-saving benefit in patients at risk for sudden cardiac arrest. Quality-of-life outcomes with the ICD may be directly related to coping successfully with ICD shocks. Although most people are able to tolerate a shock to some extent, the experience of shock is discomforting and can prompt feelings of anxiety, depression, or fear. The purpose of this article is to review patient and family preparations and responses to ICD shock to limit its impact on quality of life. The ICD provides continuous monitoring and treatment for cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeats). The ICD automatically detects an abnormal heartbeat and will deliver small rapid pacing impulses or an electric shock to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm. During the first year after implantation, the chances of receiving at least one ICD shock can range from one third to one half of all ICD recipients.1,2 The shock sensation has been likened to a swift kick in the chest and rated a “6” on a 0 to 10 pain scale.1,3 Nonetheless, quality-of-life research indicates that the ICD is at least equal to or better than antiarrhythmic medications on most indicators of quality of life.2,4–8 Most research has pointed to ICD shock as the primary culprit if reductions in quality of life occur.2 ### Psychological Responses to Shock ICD-specific fears and symptoms of anxiety (for example, excessive worry, increased muscle tension, sweating, and increased heart rate and respiratory rate) are the most common psychological symptoms experienced by ICD recipients, with approximately 13% to 38% of recipients …
Predictors of Teacher-Directed Student Use of Technology in Elementary Classrooms: A Multilevel SEM Approach Using Data from the USEIT Study.

AbstractThis study is a secondary data analysis of the USEIT data to inform school administrators and policymakers about the factors affecting instructional technology use in elementary classrooms. Researchers developed a predictive multilevel SEM model for teacher-directed student use of technology (TDS). The model depicts relationships between factors across district, school, and classroom levels of analysis. The strongest predictors of TDS were (a) teachers’ experience with technology, belief that technology is beneficial to meet instructional goals, and perceived pressure to use technology; (b) principals’ use of technology; and (c) technology standards, teacher and student accountability to standards, and principals’ technology discretion.
Current Literature: Food and Nutrient Exposures: What to Consider When Evaluating Epidemiologic Evidence

Nutritional epidemiology is the science concerned with conducting research into the relation between diet and disease risk. The public has a great deal of interest in this issue. Much of that interest, however, is fueled by the publication of sensationalized, startling, and often contradictory health messages. Unfortunately, there is a great deal of confusion in both the scientific press and the public or lay press about the nature of nutritional epidemiology, its strengths, and its limitations. The purpose of this article is to discuss these strengths and limitations. It is hoped that clarification of these issues can help lead to a resolution of the research community's and lay public's misunderstandings about nutritional epidemiology research. (Am Jour Clin Nut 69:1330S-1338S, 1999)
Automatic configuration generation for FPGA interconnect testing

We present a new automatic test configuration generation technique for manufacturing testing of interconnect network of SRAM-based FPGA architectures. The technique guarantees detection of open and bridging faults in all wiring channels and programmable switches in the interconnects. Only 8 test configurations are required to achieve 100% coverage of stuck-open, stuck-closed, open and bridging faults in the interconnects of Xilinx Virtex FPGAs.
Multi-modality Study of the Compositional and Mechanical Implications of Hypomineralization in a Rabbit Model of Osteomalacia

Osteomalacia is characterized by hypomineralization of the bone associated with increased water content. In this work we evaluate the hypotheses that 1) 3D solid-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 31 P (SSI-PH) and 1 H (SSI-WATER) of cortical bone can quantify the key characteristics of osteomalacia induced by low-phosphate diet; and 2) return to normophosphatemic diet (NO) results in recovery of these indices to normal levels. Twenty female five-week old rabbits were divided into four groups. Five animals were fed a normal diet for 8 weeks (NOI); five a hypophosphatemic diet (0.09%) for the same period to induce osteomalacia (HYI). To examine the effect of recovery from hypophosphatemia an additional five animals received a hypophosphatemic diet for 8 weeks, after which they were returned to a normal diet for 6 weeks (HYII). Finally, five animals received a normal diet for the entire 14 weeks (NOII). The NOI and HYI animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks, the NOII and HYII groups after 14 weeks. Cortical bone was extracted from the left and right tibiae of all the animals. Water content was measured by SSI-WATER and by a previously reported spectroscopic proton–deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) exchange technique (NMR-WATER), phosphorus content by SSI-PH. All MRI and NMR experiments were performed on a 9.4 T spectroscopy/micro-imaging system. Degree of mineralization of bone (DMB) was measured by μ-CT and elastic modulus and ultimate strength by 3-point bending. The following parameters were lower in the hypophosphatemic group: phosphorus content measured by SSI-PH (9.5±0.4 versus 11.1±0.3 wt. %, pb0.0001), ash content (63.9±1.7 versus 65.4±1.1 wt.%, p=0.05), ultimate strength, (96.3±16.0 versus 130.7±6.4 N/mm 2 , p=0.001), and DMB (1115±28 versus 1176±24 mg/cm 3 , p=0.003); SSI-WATER: 16.1±1.5 versus 14.4±1.1 wt.%, p=0.04; NMR-WATER: 19.0±0.6 versus 17.4±1.2 wt.%, p=0.01. Return to a normophosphatemic diet reduced or eliminated these differences (SSI-PH: 9.5±0.9 versus 10.6±0.8 wt.%, p=0.04; DMB: 1124±31 versus 1137±10 mg/cm 3 , p=0.2; US: 95.6±18.6 versus 103.9±7.5 N/mm 2 , p=0.2; SSI-WATER: 12.4±0.6 versus 12.2±0.3 wt.%, p=0.3) indicating recovery of the mineral density close to normal levels. Phosphorus content measured by SSI-PH was significantly correlated with DMB measured by μ-CT (r 2 =0.47, p=0.001) as well as with ultimate strength (r 2 =0.54, p=0.0004). The results show that the methods presented have potential for in situ assessment of mineralization and water, both critical to the bone's mechanical behavior.
Layer-by-layer polymer stereolithography fabrication for three-dimensional RF components

Stereolithography (SL) is used innovatively to build high aspect ratio, complicated structures for RF components embedded inside of a package. The layer-by-layer additive laser-based process creates truly three-dimensional structures as opposed to more common two and a half dimension processes such as LTCC. High frequency embedded resonators are fabricated by the SL process to study the fabrication tolerance, effect of imperfections, and metal loss. The dimensional tolerance of this process is found to be 0.187%, which closely matches the variation in the measured resonators' frequencies, 0.156%. The unloaded Q of the resonators is measured at 3005. As an example application of the three-dimensional fabrication process, a two-pole filter made from SL process is demonstrated with an insertion loss of only 0.287 dB for a 1.83% BW centered at 19.522 GHz. The low-loss performance of the structures indicates that the laser-based process is suitable for the integration of high frequency and high-Q three-dimensional structures within a package.
Microstructural Analysis of Rapidly Solidified Alumina

Rapid solidification processing (RSP) of metals and semiconductors has become an established field over the last 10 years. The major emphasis of RSP has been the development of new and unique materials as a result of the fast cooling rates (> 104 °c/ sec) of the molten materials. Generally, it has been shown that improved homogeneity, structural refinement, finer grain size, and non-equilibrium phases can be obtained for a wide variety of materials. These findings have been coupled with significant improvements in physical, electrical, and chemical properties of the metallic and semiconductor materials.
Utilizing an integrated infrastructure for outcomes research: a systematic review.

Objective To explore the ability of an integrated health information infrastructure to support outcomes research. Methods A systematic review of articles published from 1983 to 2012 by Regenstrief Institute investigators using data from an integrated electronic health record infrastructure involving multiple provider organisations was performed. Articles were independently assessed and classified by study design, disease and other metadata including bibliometrics. Results A total of 190 articles were identified. Diseases included cognitive, (16) cardiovascular, (16) infectious, (15) chronic illness (14) and cancer (12). Publications grew steadily (26 in the first decade vs. 100 in the last) as did the number of investigators (from 15 in 1983 to 62 in 2012). The proportion of articles involving non-Regenstrief authors also expanded from 54% in the first decade to 72% in the last decade. During this period, the infrastructure grew from a single health system into a health information exchange network covering more than 6 million patients. Analysis of journal and article metrics reveals high impact for clinical trials and comparative effectiveness research studies that utilised data available in the integrated infrastructure. Discussion Integrated information infrastructures support growth in high quality observational studies and diverse collaboration consistent with the goals for the learning health system. More recent publications demonstrate growing external collaborations facilitated by greater access to the infrastructure and improved opportunities to study broader disease and health outcomes. Conclusions Integrated information infrastructures can stimulate learning from electronic data captured during routine clinical care but require time and collaboration to reach full potential.
Which Limited Partners Limit VC Opportunism

We examine the response of different types of Limited Partners (LPs) to alleged opportunistic behavior on the part of Venture Capitalists (VCs). We use a sample of litigated VCs (identified by Atanasov, et al, 2012, Journal of Finance) to proxy for VC opportunistic behavior. Based on their presumed sensitivity to VC malfeasance and headline risk, we predict that university endowments and economic development authorities will be most likely to respond negatively to potential bad press. To test our hypothesis, we employ differences-in-differences (DiD) analysis and compare the participation of different types of LPs in VC funds before and after litigation relative to the LPs of otherwise similar, matched VCs that are not subject to litigation. We find that endowments reduce by more than 50% their participation in follow-on investment funds offered by litigated VCs relative to other types of LPs. Our results suggest that the threat of university endowment withdrawal of funding can deter VC opportunism.
Analysis and Improvement of EAP-TLS Protocol

The 21st century is the era of high-speed delivery of information and increasing demand of quick data access.Traditional wired network can not completely meet people's needs,and wireless local area network emerges as the times require.Due to the openness of wireless channel,the security problem becomes more and more prominent.In order to implement secure access network,a research on EAP-TLS is done,the possible security vulnerabilities in and security threats against the protocol are described in detail,and finally the inadequacies in the protocol are remedied.
Preservation of peristaltic reflex in hypertrophied ileum of guinea pig

Chronic obstruction of the guinea pig ileum leads to distension and muscular hypertrophy, but how this affects passive biomechanical and nerve-mediated contractions and clearance known as peristalt...
“Hello, World!”: Starting a Coding Group for Librarians

Column description. The Technology column examines current and developing technology topics in libraries. The column's focus is creative uses of technology, introductions to new technologies, and critiques of current technologies, their uses, or their future. Readers interested in contributing ideas or writings to this column may contact column co-editors Suzanne Townsdin and Susan Whitmer.
What Have we Achieved since Kiev? Looking Forward

There have been many changes and accomplishments in rabies control and prevention since the first International conference "Rabies in Europe" was held in Kiev on June 15-18, 2005. Recommendations from the 2005 meeting addressed epidemiology; rabies diagnosis; animal rabies control; human rabies prevention; vaccinology and immunology and bat rabies. This paper will adhere to the same topics of interest in order to review the accomplishments that have been achieved since Kiev.
Functional Analysis of Semi-conserved Transit Peptide Motifs and Mechanistic Implications in Precursor Targeting and Recognition.

Over 95% of plastid proteins are nuclear-encoded as their precursors containing an N-terminal extension known as the transit peptide (TP). Although highly variable, TPs direct the precursors through a conserved, posttranslational mechanism involving translocons in the outer (TOC) and inner envelope (TOC). The organelle import specificity is mediated by one or more components of the Toc complex. However, the high TP diversity creates a paradox on how the sequences can be specifically recognized. An emerging model of TP design is that they contain multiple loosely conserved motifs that are recognized at different steps in the targeting and transport process. Bioinformatics has demonstrated that many TPs contain semi-conserved physicochemical motifs, termed FGLK. In order to characterize FGLK motifs in TP recognition and import, we have analyzed two well-studied TPs from the precursor of RuBisCO small subunit (SStp) and ferredoxin (Fdtp). Both SStp and Fdtp contain two FGLK motifs. Analysis of large set mutations (∼85) in these two motifs using in vitro, in organello, and in vivo approaches support a model in which the FGLK domains mediate interaction with TOC34 and possibly other TOC components. In vivo import analysis suggests that multiple FGLK motifs are functionally redundant. Furthermore, we discuss how FGLK motifs are required for efficient precursor protein import and how these elements may permit a convergent function of this highly variable class of targeting sequences.
Comparing the testing effect under blocked and mixed practice: The mnemonic benefits of retrieval practice are not affected by practice format

The act of retrieving information modifies memory in critical ways. In particular, testing-effect studies have demonstrated that retrieval practice (compared to restudy or to no testing) benefits long-term retention and protects from retroactive interference. Although such testing effects have previously been demonstrated in both between- and within-subjects manipulations of retrieval practice, it is less clear whether one or the other testing format is most beneficial on a final test. In two paired-associate learning experiments conducted under typical testing-effect conditions, we manipulated restudy and test trials using either blocked or mixed practice conditions while equating other factors. Retrieval-practice and restudy trials were presented either separately in different blocks (blocked practice) or randomly intermixed (mixed practice). In Experiment 1, recall was assessed after short and long delay intervals; in Experiment 2, the final memory test occurred after a short delay, but with or without an interfering activity before the final test. In both experiments, typical testing effects emerged, and critically, they were found to be unaffected by practice format. These results support the conclusion that testing effects are robust and emerge to equal extents in both blocked and mixed designs. The generality of testing effects further encourages the application of retrieval practice as a memory enhancer in a variety of contexts, including education.
Increased risk for complications following diagnostic cerebral angiography in older patients: Trends from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1999–2009)

Abstract The full utility of diagnostic cerebral angiography, an invasive cerebrovascular imaging technique, is currently debated. Our goal was to determine trends in diagnostic cerebral angiography utilization and associated complications from 1999 through 2009. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify patients who received primary cerebral angiography from 1999–2009 in the United States. We observed trends in discharge volume, total mean charge, and post-procedural complications for this population. Data was based on sample projections and analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression. There were a total of 424,105 discharges indicating primary cerebral angiography nationwide from 1999–2009. The majority of these cases (65%) were in patients older than 55 years. Embolic stroke was the most frequent complication, particularly in the oldest age bracket, occurring in 16,304 patients. The risk for complications increased with age (p
Ancient Company, Innovating at the Speed of Light

Since 1851, Corning has successfully navigated through periods of tremendous economic and technological change. While change is often difficult to predict, it is important to take advantage of it—r...
Höküao’s Tears

Compares the Tenderloin today with the neighborhood when I lived, worked, and played there in the 1960s, and examines the impact of cutbacks of Federal funding for low-income housing, “urban renewal” programs, closing State mental hospitals, and the emergence of the neighborhood as a site for refugee relocation. Explains the concept of “containment zone,” where certain kinds of illegal behavior are tolerated so they won’t spread elsewhere. One response has been the emergence of dynamic, caring social services that provide support and promote wellbeing among inner residents and offer opportunities for my students to learn about inner-city life. The impact on one student is shown.
A Comparison of Major Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tools

The concept of Environmental Justice (EJ) has evolved in United Sates for more than 30 years. Since then most empirical studies have shown that low-income and minority neighborhoods are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards. Across the world, communities are struggling to protect their land, air, water, forests, and their livelihoods from damaging projects and activities with heavy environmental and social impacts. A Number of tools already exist to identify and map those areas with potential environmental justice concerns. This paper presents a comparison of the three major EJ tools; EJSCREEN (version 2016), CalEnviroScreen 2.0, EJ Atlas and their methodologies. There are some common parameters across these tools in presenting Environmental Justice and in identifying environmentally burdened communities, socially burdened communities, or both. Environmental burdens can include any environmental pollutant, hazard or disadvantage that compromises the health of a community. The tools are expected to help in understanding and studying the distribution of environmental benefits and burdens, decision making for disadvantaged communities in certain areas and in setting up environmental policies and planning.
Landscape, Soil, and Plant Analysis of Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Invasion in the Piedmont Region, SC

ABSTRACTJapanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum), an exotic invasive plant, is native to Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of Japanese stiltgrass as well as soil and landscape characteristics that correlate with invasion of Japanese stiltgrass around Lake Issaqueena in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to determine the spatial pattern of invasion with respect to the aspect, slope, canopy cover, soils, and distance to roads and trails. Japanese stiltgrass was distributed on both sides of Lake Issaqueena in Pacolet and Madison soil map units (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) on the average slopes of 21%, but it was particularly common on the eastern shore of the lake in low-lying wet and shaded areas (mean canopy cover 51%). In addition, invasion by Japanese stiltgrass was correlated with the proximity to roads and trails. Plant tissue analysis revealed ma...
Statistical analysis of data from Countercurrent distribution. IV. Identification of compounds.

Abstract Investigation of the identity of an unknown with a standard can be conveniently performed by codistribution of the two compounds, labeled with different isotopes or one being unlabeled. The method was found successful in arriving at match decisions in cases in which identical compounds were used, and to at no-match verdicts when nonidentical compounds were codistributed. The limit of the method is reached when separation between peak tubes for the two curves is between 0.5 and 1.0 tubes. Minor impurities are tolerated. The method was specifically developed for identification of highly polar compounds such as conjugates.
Hippocampal Activity Patterns Reflect the Topology of Spaces: Evidence from Narrative Coding

Autobiographical memory has a hierarchical organization governed by personal narratives at multiple scales ([Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000][1]), and analyses of large corpora of personal emails and visual images taken from people's daily lives have revealed such multiscale structures in real-
Abstract 3593: Challenges to Recruiting Stroke Patients Into Cell Therapy Clinical Trials

Objective: Stringent selection criteria pose challenges to recruiting patients into clinical trials testing potential novel therapies for stroke. We conducted a pilot study, Safety of Intravenous Mononuclear Cells for Acute Stroke (SIMVAS) trial involving autologous bone marrow cell administration in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory stroke within 72 hours of symptom onset. Given the stringent selection criteria for initial cell therapy clinical trials in stroke, we analyzed reasons for patient ineligibility into the SIVMAS trial to assess feasibility of recruitment. Methods: We retrospectively collected ischemic stroke patients from our stroke registry admitted from March 2009 to June 2010, the recruitment period of SIVMAS, and identified which of the selection criteria the patients did not meet. Results: Of a total of 534 MCA territory stroke patients, 25 met all the selection criteria. Ten patients were enrolled as planned over the 15 month period, 3 declined enrollment, 2 were excluded due to pending DSMB review on previously enrolled patients, and the rest did not have an adequate time window between bone marrow aspiration and dosing. A total of 1,943 exclusions were recorded; major reasons were NIHSS (15.3%) and infarct sizes above or below the selection criteria (12.4%). The table summarizes the patient exclusion frequency based on selection criteria. Among ineligible patients (n=509), 47 (9.2%) had a single exclusion, 81 (15.9%) had two exclusions and 108 (21.2%) had three exclusions. The figure presents a CONSORT flow diagram of the entire recruitment. Conclusion: This is the first study to assess recruitment of patients with acute ischemic stroke into a pilot cell therapy clinical trial. Among eligible patients, there was a low refusal rate. Among excluded patients, stroke severity and infarct size were major reasons for exclusion from SIVMAS. It is hoped that the data from this study may help facilitate the design of future clinical trials testing new cell-based therapies for ischemic stroke. We encourage investigators to choose selection criteria that will provide scientifically meaningful data but are not overly rigid in selecting potential research candidates.
Anterior Atlantoaxial Fusion

Pathologies of the atlantoaxial motion segment may result in sequelae ranging from severe pain to life-threatening neurologic injury. Instrumentation and fusion of the atlantoaxial segment may be indicated when clinical or biomechanical instability exists. An evolution of posterior techniques has provided multiple options for instrumentation through a routine midline posterior approach. Anterior transoral ventral plating techniques raise concerns of transoral contamination and associated infection. Anterior lag-screw fixation and grafting for C1–C2 fusion of the anterior atlantoaxial articulation through the more commonly performed Smith–Robinson approach provides an alternative method. Early experience with an anterior surgical technique for C1–C2 fusion and key considerations are presented here.
The Effects of "Not Knowing What You Don't Know" on Web Accessibility for Blind Web Users

Web accessibility and usability have been extensively studied for blind web users. The focus has generally been on making it technically possible for blind users to access content, or on helping to make the web more usable. This paper explores a challenge at the intersection of these two lenses, which is the effects of blind web users not knowing what they don't know. On the web, this often means that the user is having a problem completing a task, but does not know whether the problem is because the information is there and not accessible, whether the information is simply difficult to access, or whether the information is not present at all. We first discuss how this issue has manifested itself in other work in this space. We then present the results of a study with 30 sighted web users and 30 blind web users exploring the phenomenon, demonstrating that not knowing the source of a problem causes frustration and wastes time. We conclude with recommendations for future research to help understand and address this problem, as well as design implications for future technology that may assist non-visual web navigation.
Optimising a helical groove seal using computational fluid dynamics

The selection of the geometry of the helical groove seal is extremely important in determining the leakage performance of the seal. The aim of this study is to determine the best design for reducing leakage in a high-pressure pump application. Previous optimisation studies have been limited to small samples sizes and only a couple of design variables. In this research, a larger number of designs are simulated, using a computational fluid dynamics software tool, and more of the design parameters are varied. A regression model that can be used to predict the performance of other helical groove seals within the design space is also derived.
Movement-based methods to infer parturition events in migratory ungulates

Long-distance migrations by ungulate species are a globally imperiled natural phenomenon and conservation of them requires monitoring population vital rates. Satellite telemetry tracking is widely used for understanding the spatial distribution and movement of animals, especially migratory animals in remote environments. Recently, analytical methods have been developed to infer parturition events from movement data in multiple species that calve in isolation, but to date such methods have not been tested on animals that both migrate and spatially aggregate during calving. We applied two movement-based methods developed to infer parturition in nonmigratory woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) to 241 reproductive seasons spanning 6 years of GPS data from migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti J.A. Allen, 1902). We compared results from both methods to data from aerial surveys of collared females during the calving period. We found that each movement-based method had...
A Note on the Law of Population Growth

Of Verhulst’s tables we have included only that for France, which best fits his formula and has an asymptotic population of approximately 40 million. Readers should note that errors in Verhulst’s estimates of annual population change are serious and directional with respect to the official figures, and that the proportional error figures he gives are not the ones we most care about.
International Law and Morality in the Theory of Secession

In order responsibly to decide whether there ought to be an international legal right of secession, I believe we need an account of the morality of secession. I propose that ’’territorial‘‘ and ’’political‘‘ societies have a moral right to secede, and on that basis I propose a regime designed to give such groups an international legal right to secede. This regime would create a procedure that could be followed by groups desiring to secede or by states desiring to resolve the issue of secession. It would give territorial political societies a legally recognized liberty to conduct a plebiscite on secession, and, assuming such a plebiscite is won by the secessionist side, a qualified right in international law to create a state without interference. Alan Buchanan has argued that proposals of this sort would create “perverse incentives.” I argue that there is no good reason to believe this. The point is to allow the legal regulation of secession in cases where there are active secessionist movements with legitimate moral claims, and to attempt to dampen the desire for secession in cases where secessionist sentiment is not well grounded in social and geographic reality.
Boxing helena and corseting eunice: Sexual rhetoric in Cosmopolitan and Playboy magazines

This paper analyzes the sexual rhetorics of Cosmopolitan and Playboy magazines to consider how sexuality is constructed in similar ways by sources directed to men and women. We use Goffman's classifications of gender in advertisements to compare how each magazine uses its pictures to provide cues to readers about sexuality and sexual relationships and to trace changes within each magazine over time. We conclude that both magazines converge on a single construction of sexuality for women. Playboy addresses men and Cosmopolitan addresses women, yet the visual rhetorics of both magazines reflect the male gaze and promote the idea that women should primarily concern themselves with attracting and sexually satisfying men.
Using spatial analogy to facilitate graph learning

Graphical depictions of complex interactions pose a challenge to spatial reasoning. In this research, we tested whether analogical processes can be harnessed to help students learn to solve complex graphical reasoning problems. Specifically, we asked whether a brief training experience using spatial analogies could help students learn about stock-and-flow graphs. The basic idea of our intervention was to juxtapose contrastive graphs and encourage students to compare them. In two studies, we test the following predictions derived from structural alignment theories of analogy: (1) comparing contrastive graphs during training will lead to better performance in a graph-understanding task than will studying the same exemplars sequentially; and (2) comparing high-similarity pairs will lead to better performance than will comparing low similarity pairs. The results support both of these predictions, indicating that even a brief analogical comparison task can confer relational insight. Further, these results corroborate prior evidence that a structural alignment process underlies analogical comparison.
ANALYSIS OF OXYGEN EQUILIBRIA IN SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL MUTANT VALENCE HYBRID HEMOGLOBINS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MODELS OF HEME-HEME INTERACTION IN NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN

Literature data on the oxygen equilibria of several synthetic and mutant valence hybrid hemoglobins are analyzed in terms of changes in the free energy of intersubunit interactions accompanying oxygen binding, and in the context of concerted two-state and sequential models for heme-heme interaction. Although both models accommodate the reported data for valence hybrids, analysis of model parameter values characterizing these hybrids suggests that the concerted two-state model, unlike the sequential model, cannot provide a self-consistent general description of heme-heme interaction in normal hemoglobin.