cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observation of robust statistical parity-time symmetry breaking in ultra-long cavities

We predict and experimentally observe that TT-Symmetry breaking occurs in long (> 10 m) fiber cavities, despite the fact that the free-spectral range (FSR) is infinitesimally small (λ fsr <0.1 pm) and propagation phases are not deterministic.
A Five-Year Comparison of High-Risk Behaviors in Collegiate Recreation: Overtraining and Eating Disorders—An Exploratory Study

College students are at a higher risk for developing body image issues than any other age group (Attwood, 2012). However, empirical research focused on high-risk behaviors in collegiate recreation (CR) is lacking. Therefore, this study served as follow-up to the Shepard, Barnes, Click, and Peden (2011) seminal research which centered on overtraining (over exercise) and eating disorders in CR. A random sample (N = 71) of National Intramural and Recreational Sports (NIRSA) fitness and wellness professionals from CR departments across North America participated in the 2016 study compared with 128 participants in 2011. Statistical significance testing (p < .05) indicated that the difference in sample size between the two studies was not significant. Ninety-four percent of CR professionals agreed or strongly agreed that having NIRSA supported best practices for addressing overtraining would be helpful compared with 96% in 2011. Similarly, 92% of CR professionals agreed or strongly agreed that NIRSA supported b...
From Alliance to Acquisition: Competition of New Biotech Firms to be Acquired

This study bridges two streams of research, alliances and acquisitions, by employing signaling theory to examine how market utilizes signals when assessing unobservable firms’ qualities. We investi...
After the dialogical self, what?

The idea of the dialogical self is a large step forward in linking the self to the social environment which forms it and provides its content. However, using an empirically-based, widely-known model of social relations, I propose that the concept of the self may be an extraneous item in the toolbox of dialogical-self theorists and practitioners. Rather, since the self is created by the social milieu, it may make sense to work with that milieu directly rather than with its product. This proposal has particular import for psychotherapy and I address some specifics of this claim to therapists.
Bottom Boundary Layer Observations in the Florida Current

Abstract This is a report of some bottom boundary layer (BBL) observations made in the Florida Current over a 7 day period at one area in the Florida Straits. The location is about 82 km away from the area where Weatherly (1972) made similar BBL observations and in comparison is in a region of more uniform topography and closer to the axis of the Florida Current. During the first part of the experiment the bottom currents were weaker (mean speed ∼15 cm/s) and more variable than in the latter part of the experiment (mean speed ∼40 cm/s). For the first part u * typical ≈.45 cm/s and for the latter part u * typical ≈. 80 cm/s. As in Weatherly (1972) persistent veering In the correct sense for Ekman veering was observed in the logarithmic layer which for the first part of the experiment had mean value of ∼7° and for the latter part ∼27°. Since the mean current direction at the top of the logarithmic layer was aligned approximately in direction of isobaths it is inferred that, as in Weatherly (1972), most of the Ekman veering occurred in the lower part of the boundary layer.
Discrepancies in Animal Models of Preterm Birth.

Background Preterm birth (PTB) is a multifactorial syndrome occurring before the 37th week of fullterm pregnancy [1]. Babies delivered preterm experience short-term and long-term complications affecting multiple organ systems, and serious maternal complications include hemorrhage and infection. Each year, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm, and complications from prematurity are the leading cause of death among children up to 5 years of age [2]. With another increase in PTB rates over the last several years, the United States continues to have the highest incidence of any industrialized country [3]. Makena (a progesterone analog) is the only FDA approved medication available in the United States to reduce the risk of PTB. Its use is only indicated in women who are currently pregnant with one fetus and have unexpectedly delivered a baby preterm in the past [4]. Furthermore, Makena is very expensive and not used in mothers with multiple gestations or other risk factors, such as infection, preeclampsia and obesity. Consequently, physicians commonly prescribe supportive therapies, such as magnesium sulfate, to slow uterine contractions, and glucocorticoids to stimulate fetal lung maturity. Methods In this article, we review the full spectrum of in vivo models that investigators have developed to study PTB, including rodent, ruminant and non-human primate models. We evaluate the discrepancies among various models, the shortcomings of individual models and how well these models reflect various causes of PTB in humans. Results Recent studies reveal that infection is unessential in reproductive disorders linked to inflammation, and that infection and inflammation are two of many triggers of PTB [1, 5-6]. Despite such findings, many investigators continue recycling infectious- (using bacterium) and non-infectious-based models (using products of bacteria or individual cytokines). These models are inconsistent across laboratories, and produce variable degrees of maternal morbidity (inconsistent with human PTB). Conclusion The aim of this review is to encourage the reproductive science community to rethink the design of non-infectious PTB animal studies. While these models have strengthened our understanding of the mediators and triggers of PTB, we must develop improved models that are more consistent with the various factors associated with human PTB (Fig. 1). If we continue viewing PTB through one lens or dimension, Makena will remain the only FDA approved medication. In vivo PTB research requires multi-model, multifactorial approaches that account for the complexity of living animals within and between species.
Roles and postpartum distress: The mediating role of relationship adjustment

Despite many prevailing societal beliefs, parents often experience mood and anxiety symptoms during the postpartum period, often referred to as postpartum distress (PPD). The aim of this study was to explicate whether aspects of role functioning during the postpartum period are associated with PPD, and whether this association may be partially explained by relationship adjustment. Seventy-three couples and an additional nine women who were 4–12 weeks postpartum participated in this study. Results indicate that men’s experience of role unacceptability predicted their own greater PPD symptoms which were partially mediated by their own poorer relationship adjustment, as well as women’s poorer relationship adjustment. Additionally, women’s work-family strain predicted their own greater PPD symptoms as well as men’s greater relationship adjustment. These results serve to highlight several key aspects of men’s and women’s postpartum role functioning and the associations that they share with postpartum distress symptoms. Implications for research and clinical work are discussed.
Chapter 6 – Analyzing High-Throughput Microbial Amplicon Sequence Data Using Multiple Markers

Abstract 16S gene amplicon sequencing is widely used in microbial studies to infer bacterial community diversity. However, this approach suffers from using a single small molecular signature as a proxy for individual populations. We present a novel approach and corresponding software, MetAmp, to combine amplicon data from multiple 16S markers for clustering next-generation sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). MetAmp calibrates sequencing reads using data from known reference microbial genomes. This enables potential improvements in current amplicon clustering methods used to characterize bacterial community composition and structure. We tested the accuracy of MetAmp with both simulated and natural 16S datasets, and compared results to the best available tools, namely UPARSE, QIIME and Mothur. For correctly chosen parameters, MetAmp outperforms these other tools and opens new possibilities for multimarker data analysis of 16S amplicon data. This chapter presents details about the MetAmp algorithm and our validation tests, and discusses the advantages and limitations of the approach.
Direct Analysis of Protein Complexes

Deciphering the functions of genes discovered by genome sequencing will be a major challenge of the post-genome era. Physiological processes are performed primarily by proteins and these functions are often accomplished with other proteins as components of multi-protein complexes, as part of signal transduction pathways or as ligands for receptors. Identifying the sets of proteins involved in a process will be key to understanding the individual roles of proteins. Approaches to accomplish this goal will encompass at least two types of measurements. First, by measuring expression levels of proteins under different cellular conditions and states, co-regulation of protein expression can be observed. Co-regulation will not necessarily indicate proteins are part of a complex or pathway, but that their functions are regulated as part of the process. A second measurement will encompass dissection of the components of protein complexes. Proteins perform many of their functions in concert with other proteins, by forming stable complexes or through more subtle interactions. A protein’s presence in a complex is more reflective of direct involvement in a process then association by co-regulation. Some proteins in complexes may be co-regulated and others may not be. By identifying the interacting proteins as a function of cellular state, insight into the networks of proteins involved in those processes will be obtained.
A critical look at practice in mathematics and mathematics education

Math Worlds is divided into an introductory chapter by Restivo and three major sections on the philosophy, politics, and sociology of mathematics. The first section offers a refreshing alternative to the usual discussions of Platonism, constructivism/intuitionism, and formalism that have dominated past discourse in mathematical philosophy. An anti-Platonist feeling runs through the book as a whole, but as Restivo points out in his introductory chapter, Platonism has not been vanquished by appeals to take mathematics as practiced more seriously. All four chapters in this first section take the question of Platonism as a jumping-off point and bring a variety of intriguing epistemological standpoints to the debate. In general, I found the philosophical discussions in the first section both accessible and challenging. As a philosophically unsophisticated reader, I was sometimes overwhelmed by numerous references to unfamiliar works. At the same time, I found the arguments so compelling that I was motivated to find and peruse many of the works cited. By this measure, the book satisfied one of my (admittedly idiosyncratic) criteria for excellence: it left me interested and intrigued, wanting more background on the arguments and viewpoints presented. The second section deals more with the politics of mathematics education: the place of mathematics and mathematics education in contributing to the good of society.
Retinoids and interferons: combination studies in human cancer

The clinical use of biological response modifiers (BRMs) that augment host antitumor immune responses and of cytostatic agents that stimulate tumor cell differentiation has gained interest in recent years as an alternative or complementary approach to the therapy of certain types of cancer. Interferons (IFNs) are the most intensively studied BRMs and retinoids (vitamin A analogs) are the most recognized differentiation-inducing agents. IFNs and retinoids share similar antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Their use as single agents in clinical trials resulted in limited success in some types of cancer. In vitro studies have shown additive or synergistic growth inhibitory and differentiation-inducing effects of the combination of interferons and retinoids. Recent clinical trials have highlighted the efficacy of the combination of IFNs and retinoic acid (RA) in the treatment of several types of cancer. This chapter summarizes reports on the clinical antitumor activity of the combination of IFNs and retinoids, outlines possible mechanisms of interaction between these two agents based on their putative mechanisms of action, and highlights the potential application of this combination in cancer therapy.
Cultural Dominance and EFL.

One of the important parameters of Schumann’s “ Acculturation Model” for target language acquisition is cultural dominance (or subordination) described in terms of the status of the target language learning group in rela­ tion to the target language group.1 According to Schumann, unfavorable language learning situations exist where the target language learning group is either dominant or subordinate with respect to the target language group. These situations themselves, in the light of his cross-cultural illustrations, characterize not only immigrants and minority groups but also those who are learning the target language in its own setting for academic or occupa­ tional purposes.
History of Caloric Restriction, Aging and Longevity

In 1935 Clive McCay and his colleagues published a seminal paper, which showed that slowing the post-weaning growth of rats by markedly restricting their food intake significantly increased their longevity. Since then global food restriction has been found to increase the length of life of a spectrum of rat and mouse strains and of several non-mammalian species. McCay and colleagues proposed that the basis of this life extension was the slowing of growth. This hypothesis went unchallenged until 1960 when Berg and Simms proposed that the life extension was due to the reduction in body fat content. Starting in the 1970s a series of different hypotheses have been proposed to be the mechanism underlying the life extension. However, to date there is not a general agreement regarding the biological basis. In the years following the seminal 1935 paper, it was shown that the nutritional factor underlying the life extension is the reduction in energy intake; thus the term caloric restriction (CR) has been widely used when referring to this phenomenon. Over the years, CR has been reported to retard a spectrum of age-associated diseases and the aging of many physiological processes. Also, hypotheses on the evolution of the life extending action have been proposed. Prior to the 1990s, morphological pathology and physiology were the primary tools used to explore CR. However, during the past two decades, molecular biology has been increasingly put to use in the effort to understand the basis of the CR’s actions.
Response Availability as a Function of Massed and Distributed Practice and List Differentiation

Three hypotheses which offer different explanations for the facilitation in retention following distributed practice (DP) of the last in a series of A-B, A-C lists were investigated. In order to evaluate the theories, subjects were trained by massed practice (MP) and DP on both lists of an A-B, A-C paradigm. Also, subjects were trained on differentiated and non-differentiated lists. Superior retention as a function of list differentiation was not found. The suppression and recovery of prior associations was evident, and is in line with the extinction-recovery position originally put forth by Underwood (1970). The data indicate that extinction recovery and mediational devices may both be operational in the superior retention of DP-trained items.
Abstract 273: The Evolving Use of Cardiac CT to Inform Defining Quality in Imaging

Introduction: Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a diagnostic technique beyond the evaluation of outpatient stable chest pain; however, as quality in imaging has only recently been def...
Loudness of an auditory scene composed of multiple talkers

Normal hearing listeners judged loudness differences between two complex speech sounds, one consisting of “n” consonant-vowel (CV) pairs each spoken by a different talker and one consisting of “2n” CV pairs. When n was less than four, listeners' judgments of loudness differences between the two sounds was based on the level of the individual CVs within each sound, not the overall level of the sounds. When n was four or more, listeners' judgments of loudness differences between the two sounds was based on the overall level of the two sounds consisting of n or 2n CVs.
Differentiation of fasciculoventricular fibers from anteroseptal accessory pathways using the surface electrocardiogram.

Background Fasciculoventricular fibers (FVFs) are responsible for 1%–5% of cases of asymptomatic preexcitation on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Unlike ventricular preexcitation seen in Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, FVFs are not associated with sudden cardiac death from preexcited atrial fibrillation. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify surface ECG variables that differentiate FVFs from true WPW syndrome. Methods This is a retrospective case-control study comparing surface ECG characteristics of patients diagnosed with FVFs (cases) with those of patients with WPW syndrome and anteroseptal accessory pathways (controls) via intracardiac electrophysiology testing at a single institution from 2005 to 2017. Results Twenty-four cases of FVFs confirmed by intracardiac electrophysiology testing were identified and compared with 48 consecutive controls with WPW syndrome and anteroseptal accessory pathways. Patients with WPW syndrome were found to have significantly higher delta wave amplitudes (4.8 ± 2.0 mm vs 1.9 ± 1.3 mm; P Conclusion The etiology of preexcitation in patients with an anteroseptal preexcitation pattern, whether because of a benign FVF or because of potentially serious WPW syndrome, can be noninvasively deduced using the surface ECG. A higher delta wave amplitude is an independent risk factor for the presence of WPW syndrome and can accurately distinguish WPW syndrome from a FVF with good test accuracy characteristics.
CoS2 as a sulfur redox-active cathode material for high-capacity nonaqueous Zn batteries

Nonaqueous Zn-ion batteries are a promising candidate for a high-energy storage system to replace Li-ion batteries. Here, we report on CoS2 as a cathode material for Zn-ion batteries using nonaqueo...
Design of an Oligosaccharide Scaffold That Binds in the Minor Groove of DNA

Many biological recognition events involve extensive interactions between macromolecules. Strategies to design compounds that mimic large peptides or other elements of secondary structure could be useful for blocking interactions between large surfaces. In this paper, the use of oligosaccharides as scaffolds for the design of peptidomimetics is addressed. A functionalized oligosaccharide modeled after a basic region peptide helix has been designed and synthesized. This oligosaccharide binds to duplex DNA with micromolar affinity. The mode of binding has been established by 2D NMR, and shows that the oligosaccharide binds DNA in the minor groove with one surface of the oligosaccharide contacting the floor of the DNA.
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Juvenile Pacific Herring, Clupea pallasi, Growth in Prince William Sound, Alaska

We examined the spatial and temporal variability of juvenile Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, growth within Prince William Sound, Alaska. Pacific herring, ranging from post-larval to mature fish, were collected from four spatially segregated bays between October 1995 and March 1998. Linear growth equations from each bay were similar. However, growth rates and wet weight-at-length, reflecting condition, of juvenile Pacific herring cohorts varied seasonally and annually. The short term spatial variability in juvenile Pacific herring growth suggested that each bay was a unique nursery area. The physical and biological conditions within each bay appeared to dictate Pacific herring growth rate.
Are Incomplete Advertisements More Effective? A Test of the Generation Effect and the Ambiguity Effect

During the European Football Championship 2016 in France, Carlsberg promoted its beer only by using the word “probably” with the means of perimeter advertising that looked like the logo of the brand. Neither the brand name nor the product was depicted. The Mars Company sometimes promotes its sweets with ads that only contain a portion of the brand name letters.
PEMANFAATAN KAIN PERCA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS DALAM BERKARYA SENI LUKIS SISWA KELAS XI MULTIMEDIA 1 SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2 PONJONG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) meningkatkan kreativitas siswa kelas XI Multimedia 1 SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Ponjong dalam berkaryaSeni Lukis dengan memanfaatkan Kain Perca,(2) meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran SeniRupa ( Seni Budaya ). Obyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI Multimedia 1 SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Ponjong dengan objek penelitian berjumlah 26 Siswa, terdiridari15 putridan 11 putra. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 siklus dengan melalui 4 tahapan yakni perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan: (1) Observasi atau pencatatan performance siswa dalam pembelajaran seni lukis, (2) menganalisis hasil karya siswa, (3) efektifitas pemanfaatan kain perca untuk meningkatkan kreativitas siswa dalam berkarya seni lukis dan dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu daftar pengamatan proses pembelajaran, lembar penilaian hasil karya siswa, dan dokumentasi hasil karya siswa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif.Adapun langkah–langkahnya adalah menghimpun data, mereduksi data, mengklasifikasi data dan menarik kesimpulan. Di samping itu analisis hasil karya siswa juga menggunakan analisis triangulasi .Hasil penelitian tindakan ini adalah pemanfaatan kain perca dalam pembelajaran berkarya seni lukis dapat meningkatkan kreativitas siswa.Hal ini terbukti rerata hasil penilaian peningkatan kreativitas siswa dalam berkarya seni lukis meningkat dari siklus ke siklus berikutnya, yaitu siklus 1mencapai 55,3 kategori bagus. siklus 2 mencapai 64,1 kategori bagus dan siklus 3 mencapai 76,9. Sedangkan rerata presentase peningkatan kreativitas siswa pada siklus 1 mencapai 33,33 % sebanyak 9 siswa, siklus 2 mencapai 50,00% sebanyak 23 siswa, dan siklus 3 mencapai 100 % sebanyak 26 siswa. Adapun keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran meningkat dengan rerata siklus 1 mencapai 54 %, siklus 2 mencapai76 % dan siklus 3 mencapai 92 %. Langkah – langkah pembelajaran dengan pemanfaatan kain perca dalam berkarya seni lukis adalah menjelaskan bahan dan alat, memberi contoh karya, mendemonstrasikan proses pembuatan karya dan memberi tugas siswa dilanjutkan penilaian. Kata Kunci :pemanfaatan, kain perca, kreativitas, seni lukis
Sustainable Development Goals and Health: Toward a Revolution in Values

Pope Francis calls for a revolution in governance, to manage technologies for the common good. In my mind, this brings us back to politics in the tradition of Aristotle rather than the tradition of Machiavelli. For Aristotle, politics is about wellbeing (eudaimonia) of the polis, the political community. For Machiavelli, politics is about the struggle for power, little more. It should be clear that we are today living in Machiavelli’s political world, not in Aristotle’s.
A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Effort Test Performance in Psychotic Disorders

Psychotic disorders are characterized by a generalized neurocognitive deficit (i.e., performance 1.5 SD below controls across neuropsychological domains with no specific profile of differential deficits). A motivational account of the generalized neurocognitive deficit has been proposed, which attributes poor neuropsychological testing performance to low effort. However, findings are inconsistent regarding effort test failure rate in individuals with psychotic disorders across studies (0–72%), and moderators are unclear, making it difficult to know whether the motivational explanation is viable. To address these issues, a meta-analysis was performed on data from 2205 individuals with psychotic disorders across 19 studies with 24 independent effects. Effort failure rate was examined along with moderators of effort test type, forensic status, IQ, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, diagnosis, age, gender, education, and antipsychotic use. The pooled weighted effort test failure rate was 18% across studies and there was a moderate pooled association between effort failure rate and global neurocognitive performance (r = .57). IQ and education significantly moderated failure rate. Collectively, these findings suggest that a nontrivial proportion of individuals with a psychotic disorder fail effort testing, and failure rate is associated with global neuropsychological impairment. However, given that effort tests are not immune to the effects of IQ in psychotic disorders, these results cannot attest to the viability of the motivational account of the generalized neurocognitive deficit. Furthermore, the significant moderating effect of IQ and education on effort test performance suggests that effort tests have questionable validity in this population and should be interpreted with caution.
Tightened Formulation and Resolution of Energy-Efficient Job-Shop Scheduling

Job shops are an important production environment for low-volume high-variety manufacturing. When there are urgent orders, the speeds of certain machines can be adjusted with a high energy and wear and tear cost. Scheduling in such an environment is to achieve on-time deliveries and low energy costs. The problem is, however, complicated because part processing time depends on machine speeds, and machines need to be modeled individually to capture energy costs. This paper is to obtain near-optimal solutions efficiently. The problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) form to make effective use of available MILP methods. This is done by modeling machines in groups for simplicity while approximating energy costs, and by linking part processing status and machine speed variables. Nevertheless, the resulting problem is still complicated. The formulation is therefore transformed by extending our previous tightening approach for machines with constant speeds. The idea is that if constraints can be transformed to directly delineate the convex hull, then the problem can be solved by linear programming methods. To solve the problem efficiently, our advanced decomposition and coordination method is used. Numerical results show that nearoptimal solutions are obtained, demonstrating significant benefits of our approach on on-time deliveries and energy costs.
Paradigmas Cuantitativos y Cualitativos en la Evaluación y Seguimiento del Profesional Universitario

Uno de los problemas mas agudos y complejos que deben afrontar en la actualidad las Instituciones de Educacion Superior, es sin lugar a dudas la evaluacion y seguimiento del profesional que han formado. Desde esta perspectiva, uno de los posibles enfoques de aproximacion a este objeto de estudio corresponde al campo de la investigacion, y es asi, como nos enfrentamos sin lugar a dudas a una gran cantidad de metodos, tecnicas y alternativas, cuyo volumen y diversidad lejos de clarificar el problema terminan por confundir y desconcertar a quienes estan o deberian estar a cargo de estas funciones. Sin rehusar al desafio que nos plantean algunos problemas polemicos respecto a este objeto de estudio, interesa desde nuestra posicion de evaluadores, investigadores y personas comprometidas en la formacion de nuevos profesionales, aportar algunos elementos de estudio que sirvan para una fundamentacion cientifica de un problema que tiene una importancia capital en el instante de disenar e implementar un programa de evaluacion y seguimiento de los profesionales universitarios.
Selective Waiver and the Tax Practitioner Privilege

Congress blundered badly by defining the federally authorized tax practitioner privilege by cross-reference to the attorney-client privilege. The relationship between a client and a FATP is wholly different from that between a client and an attorney, and the application of attorney-client principles to the FATP privilege has given rise to confused judicial opinions. This report attempts to stem the confusion with respect to one aspect of the FATP privilege. The proper application of the selective waiver doctrine to the FATP privilege remains an open question, though courts seem poised to reject it. They have rejected it numerous times in the context of attorney-client privilege claims, and generally find the doctrine incompatible with that privilege's basic purposes. This report argues that courts should accept the selective waiver doctrine whenever the FATP privilege is at issue.
Assessing Trends in Fellowship Training Among Otolaryngology Residents: A National Survey Study.

ObjectiveTo summarize trends in otolaryngology fellowship applications, fellowships selected, and reasons for pursuing a fellowship.Study DesignOne-page anonymous questionnaire.SettingA survey was ...
Improved Sliding Window Algorithms for Clustering and Coverage via Bucketing-Based Sketches

Streaming computation plays an important role in large-scale data analysis. The sliding window model is a model of streaming computation which also captures the recency of the data. In this model, data arrives one item at a time, but only the latest $W$ data items are considered for a particular problem. The goal is to output a good solution at the end of the stream by maintaining a small summary during the stream. In this work, we propose a new algorithmic framework for designing efficient sliding window algorithms via bucketing-based sketches. Based on this new framework, we develop space-efficient sliding window algorithms for $k$-cover, $k$-clustering and diversity maximization problems. For each of the above problems, our algorithm achieves $(1\pm \varepsilon)$-approximation. Compared with the previous work, it improves both the approximation ratio and the space.
An Analytical Study of the Landing Shock Effect on an Elastic Airplane

Several authors '« u h a v e considered the analytical problem proposed in this paper: given, the time history of the forcing functions (from theory or test experience« ~) applied to the main landing gear in vertical and drag directions during landing of an airplane. Assuming the airplane elastic, describe the various accelerations of its components. The solution presented here contains new features, some or all of which have been neglected by others. These are:
Probabilistic Complexity Classes

In this chapter we study the benefits of adding randomness to computations. We treat randomness as a resource. Probabilistic algorithms allow computations to depend on the outcomes of an ideal random generator (i.e., on unbiased coin tosses). They can be classified by classifying the languages they are defined to accept. Important computational problems that seem to be infeasible by ordinary deterministic computations have efficient solutions using probabilistic algorithms. Such algorithms can be easily implemented, and fast and reliable solutions to otherwise difficult problems are then possible. There is a cost to this added efficiency, however, in that probabilistic algorithms do sometimes make errors.
Unsettling Stories: Settler Postcolonialism and the Short Story Composite, by Victoria Kuttainen

Unsettling Stories: Settler Postcolonialism and the Short Story Composite, by Victoria Kuttainen
Statistical Model Checking in BioLab: Applications to the Automated Analysis of T-Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway

We present an algorithm, called BioLab , for verifying temporal properties of rule-based models of cellular signalling networks. BioLab models are encoded in the BioNetGen language, and properties are expressed as formulae in probabilistic bounded linear temporal logic. Temporal logic is a formalism for representing and reasoning about propositions qualified in terms of time. Properties are then verified using sequential hypothesis testing on executions generated using stochastic simulation. BioLab is optimal, in the sense that it generates the minimum number of executions necessary to verify the given property. BioLab also provides guarantees on the probability of it generating Type-I (i.e., false-positive) and Type-II (i.e., false-negative) errors. Moreover, these error bounds are pre-specified by the user. We demonstrate BioLab by verifying stochastic effects and bistability in the dynamics of the T-cell receptor signaling network.
Neutrophils, Wounds, and Cancer Progression

Chronic inflammation is associated with tumorigenesis, but how acute inflammation affects the tumor microenvironment is less known. Recently, Antonio et al. (2015) found that neutrophils attracted to an acute wound such as a biopsy drive cell proliferation of nearby pre-neoplastic cells, suggesting that acute wounds may promote cancer progression.
Hangout at the library: video conferencing and more with Google+

Purpose – This paper aims to review the features of Google+ Hangouts and to discuss how it would be useful for libraries. Google+ Hangouts is a free, easy-to-use video conferencing Web application that allows users to host, record and broadcast online meetings. Design/methodology/approach – This is an observational paper. Findings – This paper discusses the implications of Google+ Hangouts for libraries and reviews the main features for getting started and using Google+ Hangouts and Hangouts On Air. Originality/value – Google+ Hangouts has been specifically reviewed very rarely in prior library and/or technology literature. This paper addresses some features and uses for Google Hangouts as an audio-visual communication tool within libraries – observations not found elsewhere in the reviewed literature.
SEAT SYSTEM FATIGUE TEST

Seat systems are required to pass a fatigue test consisting of a varying load applied to the seat back for a large number of cycles. This test is derived from a seat occupant study documented in SAE paper 840509, Passenger Car Seating Loads; A Human Factors Engineering Problem. The test takes an average of two weeks to complete for a given program. The purpose of the study presented here is to develop an equivalent fatigue test that shortens the required testing time and provides the same results and confidence. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 875189.
Reflective Voices: Valuing Immigrant Students and Teaching with Ideological Clarity

Students who are not part of the dominant culture need teachers that have a clear understanding of their role as cultural workers (Freire, 1998). Moreover, it is imperative that teachers who work with immigrant children become reflective about their ideology and how their belief systems impact their interaction with culturally diverse families. In order to help immigrant students acquire the necessary academic skills to succeed in our society, teachers must also be supportive and aware of the delicate and nonstatic process of acculturation, which children undergo as they interact with a new culture, language, or reality that may not be “in tune” with their previous experiences. In this article, we will hear the voices of four novice teachers, as they critically examine assumptions they hold about their most disadvantaged students, and as they strive for ideological clarity in their practice.
Modeling the effects of climate change projections on streamflow in the Nooksack River basin, Northwest Washington

The Nooksack River has its headwaters in the North Cascade Mountains and drains an approximately 2000 km2 watershed in northwestern Washington State. The timing and magnitude of streamflow in a snowpack-dominated drainage basin such as the Nooksack River basin are strongly influenced by temperature and precipitation. Projections of future climate made by general circulation models (GCMs) indicate increases in temperature and variable changes in precipitation for the Nooksack River basin. Understanding the response of the river to climate change is crucial for regional water resources planning because municipalities, tribes, and industry depend on the river for water use and for fish habitat. We combine three different climate scenarios downscaled from GCMs and the Distributed-Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model to simulate future changes to timing and magnitude of streamflow in the higher elevations of the Nooksack River. Simulations of future streamflow and snowpack in the basin project a range of magnitudes, which reflects the variable meteorological changes indicated by the three GCM scenarios and the local natural variability employed in the modeling. Simulation results project increased winter flows, decreased summer flows, decreased snowpack, and a shift in timing of the spring melt peak and maximum snow water equivalent. These results are consistent with previous regional studies, but the magnitude of increased winter flows and total annual runoff is higher. Increases in temperature dominate snowpack declines and changes to spring and summer streamflow, whereas a combination of increases in temperature and precipitation control increased winter streamflow. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isosurfaces and level-sets

This chapter describes the basic differential geometry of isosurfaces and the method of manipulating the shapes of isosurfaces within volumes, called level-sets. Deformable isosurfaces, implemented with level-set methods, have demonstrated a great potential in visualization for applications such as segmentation, surface processing, and surface reconstruction. The chapter begins with a short introduction to isosurface geometry, including curvature. The chapter continues with a short explanation of the level-set partial differential equations. It presents some details about how to solve these equations using upwind-scheme and sparse-calculation methods. The chapter also presents a series of examples of how level-set surface models are used to solve problems in graphics and vision. Level-set methods rely on partial differential equations to model deforming isosurfaces. These methods have applications in a wide range of fields such as visualization, scientific computing, computer graphics, and computer vision.
On Death and Disability: Reframing Educators' Perceptions of Parental Response to Disability

Keywords: parental response to disability; stage model; grief; parent-teacher collaboration; values-based practice; strength-based approach This expository article critically reviews the literature from 1950-2010 regarding educators' perceptions of parental response to disability. Pre-service, practitioner, and professional literature are examined to explore the views presented to teacher candidates during the process of professional induction. As this literature relies upon the stage model of grief associated with Kubler-Ross' (1969) description of the acceptance of death, the effects on parent-professional relations and cultural understandings of disability are critiqued. The paper presents an alternative framing of parental response to disability emerging through positive psychology. Recommendations, based upon a disability studies in education perspective, are made regarding changes in the teacher induction process in the United States and how values-based practices informed by the emancipatory orientation of positive psychology can lead to more effective collaboration between educators and parents.
Osmoregulation in Rhizobium meliloti: Production of Glutamic Acid in Response to Osmotic Stress

Rhizobium meliloti, like many other bacteria, accumulates high levels of glutamic acid when osmotically stressed. The effect was found to be proportional to the osmolarity of the growth medium. NaCl, KCI, sucrose, and polyethylene glycol elicited this response. The intracellular levels of glutamate and K+ began to increase immediately when cells were shifted to high-osmolarity medium. Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis did not affect this increase in glutamate production. Cells growing in conventional media at any stage in the growth cycle could be suspended in medium causing osmotic stress and excess glutamate accumulated. The excess glutamate did not appear to be excreted, and the intracellular level eventually returned to normal when osmotically stressed cells were suspended in low-osmolarity medium. A glt mutant lacking glutamate synthase and auxotrophic for glutamate accumulated excess glutamate in response to osmotic stress. Addition of isoleucine, glutamine, proline, or arginine stimulated glutamate accumulation to wild-type levels when the mutant cells were suspended in minimal medium with NaCl to cause osmotic stress. In both wild-type and mutant cells, inhibitors of transaminase activity, including azaserine and aminooxyacetate, reduced glutamate levels. The results suggest that the excess glutamate made in response to osmotic stress is derived from degradation of amino acids and transamination of 2-ketoglutarate.
Modeling multiple agent interactions in behavioral pharmacology

Drugs of abuse frequently are self-administered in combinations, thus the study of the behavioral pharmacology of drug interactions has important public health implications. The effect-addition and the dose-addition models are predictive models frequently used to interpret such investigations. The aims of the present study were to empirically validate these predictive models using simple drug combinations. The effects of combinations of pentobarbital (PB) with itself or PB with secobarbital (SB) were studied using an inverted screen test in mice and a milk consumption test in rats. When evaluated using the effect-addition model the interactions between PB and itself were generally greater than effect-additive, suggesting that greater effects were obtained when giving the drug by two separate injections. In contrast, when evaluated using the dose-addition model, the interactions between PB and PB were dose-additive as would be expected for a drug interacting with itself. Similar results were obtained for t...
Application of a weighted average model to a psychophysical averaging task

Ss lifted a sequence of six weights with instructions to judge their average heaviness. A model that took the judgment to be an average of the stimulus values, weighted for serial position, gave a satisfactory quantitative account of the data. The later weights in each sequence had greater influence on the judgment, a recency effect.
Access to health services in an urban community: does source of care make a difference?

The importance of having a usual source of medical care is well established. Few studies, however, examine whether there are differences in health care utilization associated with the type of site used and whether having a primary clinician is more important than site in influencing utilization. The aim of this study was to examine these issues and assess the relative importance of usual source of care characteristics in determining access to a variety of health services. The study was based on a cross-sectional survey of a household probability sample of 695 adults from Central Harlem in New York City. Outcomes examined included use of hospitals as the regular source of care compared with other types of providers, having a usual clinician, receipt of various preventive health services, and illness-related utilization. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that men and people of lower socioeconomic status were significantly (P≤.05) more likely to rely on hospitals alone as the usual source of care. People who exclusively used hospitals for ambulatory services were 72% less likely to have a primary clinician compared with those using other types of medical care sources. Having a usual source of care of any type was a significant predictor of receipt of five of eight health care services examined; having a main clinician was associated with four of the services. However, type of site used was unrelated to utilization. The impact of having a usual source of care appears to be independent of the effect of having a primary clinical provider, suggesting that having an initial portal into the health care system is as important as possessing an ongoing relationship with a clinician in ensuring access to services. Socioeconomic factors remain important influences on gaining entry into the health care system.
Water, adaptation, and property rights on the snake and klamath rivers

: Water demand in a viable economy tends to be dynamic: it changes over time in response to growth, drought, and social policy. Institutional capacity to re-allocate water between users and uses under stress from multiple sources is a key concern. Climate change threatens to add to those stresses in snowmelt systems by changing the timing of runoff and possibly increasing the severity and duration of drought. This article examines Snake and Klamath River institutions for their ability to resolve conflict induced by demand growth, drought, and environmental constraints on water use. The study finds that private ownership of water rights has been a major positive factor in successful adaptation, by providing the basis for water marketing and by promoting the use of negotiation and markets rather than politics to resolve water conflict.
Eye contact by non-human primates toward a human observer

Abstract Eye contact by monkeys toward a staring observer is a quantifiable reliable and sensitive behavioural measure. Early social deprivation, an increase in age, a new cage, and an increase in distance all decreased the frequency of eye contact. Young female rhesus monkeys made more contact than young males. Large differences in eye contact occurred between species of non-human primates. The results are considered in relation to both an arousal theory and an attention theory.
Influence d'un pansement absorbant à élution d'argent sur les complications pariétales après revascularisation des membres inférieurs

Les cicatrices des revascularisations des membres inferieurs sont exposees a l'infection et aux desunions. Acticoat Absorbent®, pansement antimicrobien, permet la liberation prolongee d'ions argent. Nous avons assume que l'application postoperatoire immediate d'Acticoat comme pansement reduirait les complications parietales chez les patients ayant une revascularisation de jambe. Tous les cas de revascularisation infrainguinale comportant une incision jambiere realises du 1er juillet 2002 au 30 septembre 2005dans un seul centre de la Veterans Administration ont ete identifies. Le groupe controle avait des pansements conventionnels, alors que le groupe traite recevait un pansement Acticoat. Les taux de complications parietales etaient obtenus par les donnees du National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Les caracteristiques des patients et la distribution des procedures etaient semblables dans les groupes. Le taux de complications parietales a diminue de 64% avec l'utilisation des pansements Acticoat (controles 14% [17/118], groupe traite 5% [7/130] ; P = 0,016). Un pansement a base d'Acticoat represente une aide potentiellement utile et rentable pour diminuer les complications parietales de la chirurgie de revascularisation a ciel ouvert des jambes.