cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The routes to stability of spatially periodic solutions of the linearly damped NLS equation

Spatially periodic breather solutions (SPBs) of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation, i.e., the heteroclinic orbits of unstable Stokes waves, are typically unstable. In this paper, we study the effects of dissipation on single-mode and multi-mode SPBs using a linearly damped NLS equation. The number of instabilities the background Stokes wave possesses and the damping strength are varied. Viewing the damped dynamics as near integrable, the perturbed flow is analyzed by appealing to the spectral theory of the NLS equation. A broad categorization of the routes to stability of the SPBs and how the route depends on the mode structure of the SPBs and the instabilities of the Stokes wave is obtained as well as the distinguishing features of the damped flow.
Estimating Individual and Combined Fingertip Forces From Forearm EMG During Constant-Pose, Force-Varying Tasks *

Numerous applications in areas such as ergonomics assessment, clinical biomechanics and motor control research would benefit from accurately modeling the relationship between forearm EMG and fingertip force, using conventional electrodes. Herein, we describe a methodological study of relating 12 conventional surface EMGs, applied circumferentially about the forearm, to fingertip force during constant-pose, force-varying (dynamic) contractions. We studied independent contraction of one, two, three or four fingers (thumb excluded), as well as contraction of four fingers in unison. Using regression, we found that a pseudo-inverse tolerance (ratio of largest to smallest singular value) of 0.01 was optimal. Lower values produced erratic models and higher values produced models with higher errors. EMG-force errors using one finger ranged from 2.5–3.8% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), using the optimal pseudo-inverse tolerance. With additional fingers (two, three or four), the average error ranged from 5–8 %MVC. When four fingers contracted in unison, the average error was 4.3 %MVC.
Scientific skepticism and inequality: Political and ideological roots

Abstract Despite the recent influx of studies suggesting the negative societal impact of inequality, many remain skeptical of these scientific findings. Across four studies, we explore how political affiliation and social dominance orientation (SDO) interactively shape attitudes toward the emerging science on the repercussions of social inequality. Acceptance of this science was consistently polarized based on partisanship, with Republicans exhibiting less acceptance of the findings than Democrats. Consistent with a solution aversion perspective, correlational studies showed that this gap in acceptance was related to Republicans' distaste for policies they presumed would be introduced to solve this problem, rather than a direct aversion to equality itself (Studies 1a and 1b). Supporting this interpretation, experimental studies that manipulated the content of likely policy solutions to inequality to be less inconsistent with Republican beliefs resulted in abated Republican skepticism of these same findings (Study 2 and Study 3). However, we also observed an important boundary condition to the solution aversion effect and evidence for another driver of this case of denial: social dominance orientation (Study 2 and Study 3). The value of testing and considering multiple individual differences when explaining motivated scientific (dis)belief is discussed.
Challenges and Opportunities for Statistical Monitoring of Gait Cycle Acceleration Observed from IMU Data for Fatigue Detection

Fatigue deteriorates temporary motor functions in individuals which often leads to performance drop of occupational workers, poor postural control of patients, and falls in elderly persons. Fatigue management and prevention of its adverse effects significantly depend on timely detection of fatigue. Advent of novel wearable sensor technologies enabled real time data collection and gait monitoring. Using IMU data, we propose a new method to detect fatigue with sole acceleration data from ankle. This method uses computationally-light Statistical Process Control (SPC) which does not require big data to set the algorithm and is also robust to noise. Instead of using simple gait parameters that represent intermittent gait data, we used the acceleration profiles of the whole gait cycles to detect fatigue. Workers were recruited to perform walking, loading, and un-loading tasks and their baseline and fatigued gait patterns were recorded. We explored cumulative and non-cumulative statistical process control methods for online monitoring of fatigue using the recorded data. Results from the non-cumulative method showed dominant changes in the gait pattern after participants were fatigued. We envision this method can be used to detect fatigue in real time in occupational workers, patients with ambulatory disorders, and elderly population.
Facial Challenges and Separation of Powers

In several Supreme Court decisions this decade, the question of whether a constitutional attack on a statute should be considered “as applied” to the actual facts of the case before the Court or “on the face” of the statute has been a difficult preliminary issue for the Court. The issue has prompted abundant academic discussion. Recently, scholars have noted a preference within the Roberts Court for as-applied constitutional challenges. However, the cases cited as evidence for the Roberts Court’s preference for as-applied challenges all involve constitutional challenges which concede the legislative power to enact the provision but nevertheless argue for unconstitutionality because the statute intrudes upon rights or liberties protected by the Constitution. Of course, this is not the only type of constitutional challenge to a statute; some constitutional challenges attack the underlying power of the legislative branch to pass the statute in question. Modern scholarship, however, as well as the Supreme Court, has mostly ignored the difference between these two different types of constitutional challenges to statutes when discussing facial and as-applied constitutional challenges. In glossing over this difference, considerations which fundamentally affect whether a facial or as-applied challenge is appropriate have gone unnoticed. By clearly distinguishing between these two very different types of constitutional challenges, and the respective role of a federal court in adjudicating each of these challenges, a new perspective can be gained on the exceedingly difficult question of when a facial or as-applied challenge to a statute is appropriate. In this Article, I argue that federal courts are constitutionally compelled to consider the constitutionality of a statute on its face when the power of Congress to pass the law has been challenged. Under the separation of powers principles enunciated in I.N.S. v. Chadha and Clinton v. New York, federal courts are not free to ignore the “finely wrought” procedures described in the Constitution for the creation of federal law by “picking and choosing” constitutional applications from unconstitutional applications of the federal statute, at least when the statute has been challenged as exceeding Congress’s enumerated powers in the Constitution. The separation of powers principles of I.N.S. and Clinton, which preclude a “legislative veto” or an executive “line item veto,” should similarly preclude a “judicial application veto” of a law that has been challenged as exceeding Congress’s Constitutional authority.
Thermal Effluent and Impacts on Thermoregulation of Aquatic Reptiles: Response to Rapid Changes in Water Temperature

Abstract Human activities influence the environment on a planetary scale and have led to an overall trend of global warming worldwide. Power generating plants have emerged as unlikely candidates to study the effects of temperature change on aquatic organisms, like sea turtles. Industrial power plants that utilize once-through cooling (OTC) systems discharge thermal effluent into freshwater and/or marine environments, and the heated discharge often significantly affects the local habitat, creating an unnatural thermal ecology. These types of power plants are common around the world, and their effects on local ecosystems are comparable making them opportune study sites. This chapter discusses the effects of thermal effluent on thermoregulation of aquatic reptiles like the sea turtles, with focus on the green turtles in San Diego Bay.
Abstract 2975: Genome-scale CRISPR screen finds prostate lineage specific dependencies

Functional genomics has held great promise for mapping cancer dependencies and identifying new therapeutic targets in cancer cell lines. However, this remains a major challenge for prostate cancer (PCa) due to the lack of cancer cell models and efficient optimization of pooled genetic perturbation screens. The Broad Cancer Cell Line Factory (CCLF) is attempting to fulfill this unmet need by generating novel prostate cancer cell models and uncovering prostate specific lineage dependencies. Encouragingly, Dr. Yu Chen at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has developed several 3D cancer organoids from advanced prostate cancer. Although the success rate needs improvement for primary PCa, over 12 long-term models have been established by this group. In collaboration with Chen Lab, we aim to expand the prostate cell model collection by using PCa organoids and patient-derived normal cells. We can then apply these models for genetic perturbation profiling to unravel prostate lineage specific dependencies. Many historical cancer cell lines and cancer organoids were not compatible with genome-scale CRISPR screening due to the slow cellular growth. Here we first optimized the media conditions in these PCa organoids by using empirical media screening assay conditions through our HYBRID technology. The HYBRID technology allows for the systemic evaluation of 64 media conditions at once, so that we can perform RNAseq analysis to identify the conditions most physiologically resembling the PCa environment with the maximum doubling time. We have further developed our high throughput screening strategies for organoid culture using an optimized protocol to study 3D growth patterns in a 96-well format using the Incucyte S3 System. Next, to map out all possible dependencies, we are testing the feasibility of a pooled genome scale CRISPR screen. In our preliminary assay development results, we demonstrated the reproducible viral infectibility in several organoids ranging from 40-70% infection rate. We anticipate that these genome-wide CRISPR data in PCa organoid and normal prostate cell models can be integrated and analyzed with 4 previous PCa cell lines screened in the Broad Dependency Map to point out more prostate lineage specific genetic vulnerabilities and possible therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Adel Attari, Sean Misek, Pinar Eser, Alexa Yeagley, Yu Chen, Jesse Boehm, Yuen-Yi (Moony) Tseng. Genome-scale CRISPR screen finds prostate lineage specific dependencies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2975.
Mucor Thrombus

Background To describe a rare presentation of ischemic stroke secondary to angioinvasive mucormycosis and endovascular retrieval of mycotic thrombus with stenting of the compressed vessel.
Spatial organization of transcribing loci during early genome activation in Drosophila.

Summary The early Drosophila embryo provides unique experimental advantages for addressing fundamental questions of gene regulation at multiple levels of organization, from individual gene loci to the entire genome. Using 1.5-h-old Drosophila embryos undergoing the first wave of genome activation, 1 we detected ∼110 discrete “speckles” of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) per nucleus, two of which were larger and localized to the histone locus bodies (HLBs). 2 , 3 In the absence of the primary driver of Drosophila genome activation, the pioneer factor Zelda (Zld), 1 , 4 , 5 70% fewer speckles were present; however, the HLBs tended to be larger than wild-type (WT) HLBs, indicating that RNA Pol II accumulates at the HLBs in the absence of robust early-gene transcription. We observed a uniform distribution of distances between active genes in the nuclei of both WT and zld mutant embryos, indicating that early co-regulated genes do not cluster into nuclear sub-domains. However, in instances whereby transcribing genes did come into close 3D proximity (within 400 nm), they were found to have distinct RNA Pol II speckles. In contrast to the emerging model whereby active genes are clustered to facilitate co-regulation and sharing of transcriptional resources, our data support an “individualist” model of gene control at early genome activation in Drosophila. This model is in contrast to a “collectivist” model, where active genes are spatially clustered and share transcriptional resources, motivating rigorous tests of both models in other experimental systems.
La canonización de Raimundo de Peñafort en Quito. Un ritual barroco entre la exhibición y el ocultamiento (1603)

Tomando como caso de estudio los festejos en honor de la canonizacion de Raimundo de Penafort en Quito, en 1603, el articulo ofrece una reflexion alrededor de la cultura barroca en Hispanoamerica desde el punto de vista de la soberania. El texto muestra como las elites quitenas se apropiaron de las festividades organizadas en Quito en honor al santo catalan. Los criollos utilizaron las celebraciones en honor a San Raimundo como una estrategia politica para solicitar a la Corona que deroguen los castigos impuestos a la ciudad luego de la Rebelion de las Alcabalas (1593).
Dynamic spatiotemporal brain analyses using high-performance electrical neuroimaging, Part II: A step-by-step tutorial

Our recently published analytic toolbox (Cacioppo et al., 2014), running under MATLAB environment and Brainstorm, offered a theoretical framework and set of validation studies for the automatic detection of event-related changes in the global pattern and global field power of electrical brain activity. Here, we provide a step-by-step tutorial of this toolbox along with a detailed description of analytical plans (aka the Chicago Electrical Neuroimaging Analytics, CENA) for the statistical analysis of brain microstate configuration and global field power in within and between-subject designs. Available CENA functions include: (1) a difference wave function; (2) a high-performance microsegmentation suite (HPMS), which consists of three specific analytic tools: (i) a root mean square error (RMSE) metric for identifying stable states and transition states across discrete event-related brain microstates; (ii) a similarity metric based on cosine distance in n dimensional sensor space to determine whether template maps for successive brain microstates differ in configuration of brain activity, and (iii) global field power (GFP) metrics for identifying changes in the overall level of activation of the brain; (3) a bootstrapping function for assessing the extent to which the solutions identified in the HPMS are robust (reliable, generalizable) and for empirically deriving additional experimental hypotheses; and (4) step-by-step procedures for performing a priori contrasts for data analysis. CENA is freely available for brain data spatiotemporal analyses at https://hpenlaboratory.uchicago.edu/page/cena, with sample data, user tutorial videos, and documentation.
High power beam profile monitor with optical transition radiation

A simple monitor has been built to measure the profile of the high power beam (800 kW) delivered by the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab. The monitor uses the optical part of the forward transition radiation emitted from a thin carbon foil. The small beam size to be measured, about 100 /spl mu/m, is challenging not only for the power density involved but also for the resolution the instrument must achieve. An important part of the beam instrumentation community believes the radiation being emitted into a cone of characteristic angle 1//spl gamma/ is originated from a region of transverse dimension roughly /spl lambda///spl gamma/; thus the apparent size of the source of transition radiation would become very large for highly relativistic particles. Our monitor measures 100 /spl mu/m beam sizes that are much smaller than the 3.2 mm /spl lambda//spl gamma/ limit; it confirms the statement of Rule and Fiorito (1991) that optical transition radiation can be used to image small beams at high energy. The present paper describes the instrument and its performance. We tested the foil in, up to 180 /spl mu/A of CW beam without causing noticeable beam loss, even at 800 MeV, the lowest CEBAF energy.
Fatigue testing and damage development in continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

A general overview of the fatigue behavior of metal matrix composites (MMC) is presented. The first objective is to present experimental procedures and techniques for conducting a meaningful fatigue test to detect and quantify fatigue damage in MMC. These techniques include interpretation of stress-strain responses, acid etching of the matrix, edge replicas of the specimen under load, radiography, and micrographs of the failure surfaces. In addition, the paper will show how stiffness loss in continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites can be a useful parameter for detecting fatigue damage initiation and accumulation. Second, numerous examples of how fatigue damage can initiate and grow in various MMC are given. Depending on the relative fatigue behavior of the fiber and matrix, and the interface properties, the failure modes of MMC can be grouped into four categories: (1) matrix dominated, (2) fiber dominated, (3) self-similar damage growth, and (4) fiber/matrix interfacial failures. These four types of damage will be discussed and illustrated by examples with the emphasis on the fatigue of unnotched laminates.
Foxe's Book of martyrs and early modern print culture

This book was first published in 2006. Second only to the Bible and Book of Common Prayer, John Foxe's Acts and Monuments, known as the Book of Martyrs, was the most influential book published in England during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The most complex and best-illustrated English book of its time, it recounted in detail the experiences of hundreds of people who were burned alive for their religious beliefs. John N. King offers the most comprehensive investigation yet of the compilation, printing, publication, illustration, and reception of the Book of Martyrs. He charts its reception across different editions by learned and unlearned, sympathetic and antagonistic readers. The many illustrations included here introduce readers to the visual features of early printed books and general printing practices both in England and continental Europe, and enhance this important contribution to early modern literary studies, cultural and religious history, and the history of the Book.
Space-time codes for high bit rate wireless communications: asymptotic performance of space-time random codes

To quantify the diversity gain of space-time coding, obtained by increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas, in this paper we use the paradigm of random codes, modelling space-time codes as random matrices with zero mean, equal variance and independent entries having a common arbitrary distribution (discrete or continuous). This framework is especially convenient in this situation because: (i) optimal codes are difficult to identify and, thus, are difficult to test; (ii) the eigenvalues of this type of large matrix converge to a specific distribution, mostly known as the semicircle or circle law. This last observation allows us to derive closed form asymptotic expressions for the probability of error in Rayleigh and Rician fading that can be used to gain insight on how the fading and the number of antennas affect the system performance.
Improved linear programming neural networks

It is shown that from the viewpoint of optimization theory a proper form of the Tank-Hopfield network for linear programming may be considered as a means to fulfil the Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions. Due to the nature of the network, however, the convergence state is not the exact solution but an approximation. To get a better approximate solution, a new network formulation is introduced. The convergence state can be made very close to the exact solution by sufficiently increasing the network parameter lambda . The result of this work is not limited to linear programming, it can be applied directly to any nonlinear programming problem whose objective function and constraints are convex and differentiable. This work may also be used as a foundation for the application of artificial neural networks to more general optimization problems. >
Brain endothelial IL-1R1 mediates central IL-1 induced neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavior

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates diverse neuropathological effects and behavioral changes in the central nervous system (CNS) through type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). Different CNS cell types are known to mediate different IL-1 effects. In this study, we investigated IL-1 induced neuroinflammation and anxiety using three cell-type specific IL-1R1 expressing mouse lines: Tie2Cre-IL-1R1r/r (IL-1R1 restricted to endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells), LysMCre-IL-1R1r/r (myeloid cells) or HipAAV2Cre-IL-1R1r/r (hippocampal neurons). Following intracerebroventricular (ICV) IL-1 injection microglial activation was induced in all three mouse lines but with distinct morphological characteristics. Microglia in Tie2Cre-IL-1R1r/r mice developed most abundant branches and longest processes length. Cytokine expression analysis showed microglia in wild-type (WT) and Tie2Cre-IL-1R1r/r mice upregulated proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and TNF- α , which did not occur in LysMCre-IL-1R1 and AAVCre-IL-1R1 mice which lacked endothelial IL-1R1. We then adoptively transferred SVEC4-10 cells, an IL-1R1 expressing endothelial cell line, into striatum of IL-1R1 knockout mice (IL-1R1r/r). After the transfer, microglial activation was induced by ICV IL-1 but not by saline, indicating endothelial IL-1R1 is sufficient to mediate inflammatory microglial activation. Furthermore, we found endothelial IL-1R1 dependent microglial activation was mediated via exocytosis of danger signals such as ATP. In addition, anxiety-like behavior developed in WT and Tie2Cre-IL-1R1r/r mice but not LysMCre-IL-1R1r/r or AAV2Cre-IL-1R1r/r lines. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that brain endothelial IL-1R1 mediates central IL-1 induced neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavior.
Compensation for Beam Loading in the 400-GeV Fermilab Main Accelerator

At the design ramp slope of 125 GeV per second and 5 × 1013 protons per pulse, the RF System in the Fermilab main accelerator must deliver 1 megawatt of power to the proton beam. RF amplitude and phase changes resulting from beam loading during acceleration are compensated for by separate somewhat slow feedback systems. Phase shifts resulting from transient beam loading during injection are compensated for by a third feedback system of broader bandwidth. The feedback systems are described and performance details are discussed.
Experience with a medpor-coated tear drain.

PURPOSE To determine the results with a Medpor-coated tear drain in conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy. METHODS This was a retrospective case review of all patients who underwent conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with a Medpor-coated tear drain by the author. The success rate and complications were determined. RESULTS Sixteen patients had placement of 17 Medpor-coated tear drains. Twelve of the 16 patients (75%) were doing well at the last follow-up visit with a well-positioned, functioning tear drain tube. Four patients (25%) required tube removal for assorted reasons, 2 of whom had an early prototype of the tube. CONCLUSION The Medpor-coated tear drain is an effective device for bypass of the lacrimal drainage system in conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy. The current design of the tube should minimize complications while ensuring stable placement and retention.
Hyperplastic ductal and lobular lesions and carcinomas in situ of the breast: reproducibility of current diagnostic criteria among community- and academic-based pathologists.

: Due to the increased efforts of early detection and biopsy of breast lesions, the number of cases with hyperplastic and in situ lesions seen in most pathology laboratories has increased significantly. Pathologists are faced with a greater number of biopsies and a wider spectrum of lobular and ductal lesions including papillary lesions. A set of 31 randomly selected glass slides of ductal, lobular and papillary lesions (benign, borderline, and carcinomas in situ) was circulated among five community- and five academic-based pathologists (median 9 years of experience). The pathologists filled out a standard form for each case which included lesion type (ductal, lobular, or papillary) and diagnostic category (ductal, lobular, or papillary; hyperplasia or carcinoma). We compare the participants' diagnoses, their histologic criteria, and the reproducibility of the diagnoses. Kappa statistics were calculated to measure the levels of agreement among community and academic pathologists, overall for all the pathologists, and within a subgroup of eight participants reporting the use of the same diagnostic criteria (Page's). All pathologists agreed with the diagnosis of cancer in 10 cases (33%), kappa overall 0.347 (fair); with the diagnostic category of lesions in 8 cases (27%), kappa overall 0.537 (moderate); and with the lesion type in 16 cases (53%), kappa overall 0.789 (substantial). Community pathologists were more likely to interpret ductal and papillary lesions as hyperplasias than carcinomas in situ. In contrast, academic pathologists interpreted more cases as carcinomas than hyperplasias (60 versus 45). There was little to no improvement in the level of agreement observed when we considered the subgroup of pathologists using the same standardized criteria. This study demonstrates that the overall agreement in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the breast remains low between pathologists using or not using standardized diagnostic criteria. Papillary and ductal lesions pose a significant problem between observers in characterizing them as benign or malignant. Current diagnostic criteria need to be modified, reemphasized, or replaced, either through the literature or with additional training to decrease interobserver variability.
Steerable ELF/VLF radiation produced by an array of ionospheric dipoles generated from HF heating

A very low frequency (VLF) or extremely low frequency (ELF) dipole source has been created within the lower ionosphere by modulating the atmospheric dynamo currents with a ground-based high power HF source from the Arecibo Observatory. The authors and their colleagues have demonstrated that ELF or VLF generated in this way and injected into the earth-ionosphere waveguide could be received a few thousand kilometers away. The injection properties due to an array of ionospheric dipoles as a function of array geometry and element currents that will allow steerable ELF/VLF radiation within the earth-ionosphere waveguide are investigated theoretically. The ionospheric array factors for a linear and a planar array of Hertzian dipole sources are developed and their properties examined. The principle of pattern multiplication is then applied to include the effect of the ionospheric array element. This provides a means for predicting the field strengths at a remote receiving site due to a steerable linear or planar array of ionospheric sources generated by high power HF periodic plasma heating.
Angular Resolution Improvement of Infrared Phased-Array Antennas

Measured and simulated angular response patterns at 10.6 μm demonstrate considerable improvement in angular resolution with a four-element phased-array antenna versus that of a two-element array. Due to propagation loss in the transmission line that connects the antenna elements, further resolution improvement is minimal with a six-element phased array. Additional measurements of a two-element array with increased metal thickness indicate that further improvement in angular resolution is possible by reducing propagation loss in the transmission line. With the combination of additional antenna elements and reduced propagation loss, substantial improvement in the angular resolution of off-broadside performance is also observed. All devices use a metal-oxide-metal tunnel diode as the detector element.
Illicit Drug Use and Neonatal Outcomes: A Critical Review

Although the neonatal consequences of tobacco and alcohol exposure are well established, the evidence related to prenatal illicit drug use is less consistent despite prevalent views to the contrary. The many social, psychosocial, behavioral, and biomedical risk factors for adverse birth outcomes associated with illicit drug use complicate the evaluation of neonatal effects. Placing emphasis on recent research, this review summarizes the epidemiologic literature on the neonatal impact of marijuana, opiate, and cocaine use. Of these drugs, cocaine use is most consistently related to fetal growth decrements and dose-response effects have been observed. However, studies to date have largely failed to control for associated social, psychosocial, and contextual factors. Additional recommendations for future research are provided. It is likely that interventions will need to address the factors surrounding drug use to greatly improve neonatal outcomes (e.g., social circumstances, poor nutrition, stress, infections).
Experimental and theoretical results for weak charge current backward proton production

In this paper, we study deuteron breakup by high energy neutrinos. We present previously unpublished data on neutrino induced backward protons from deuteron targets; we calculate the contributions from both the two-nucleon $(2N)$ and six-quark $(6q)$ deuteron components, which depend upon the overall normalization of the part that is $6q;$ and, we suggest other signatures for distinguishing the $2N$ and $6q$ clusters. We conclude that the $6q$ cluster naturally contributes to the high momentum backward proton spectrum just in the region where the standard $2N$ models lie below the data, and the absolute size of the far backward data is nicely explained if the amount of $6q$ is one or a few percent by normalization of the deuteron.
Transition in school psychological services: A case study

Abstract This article describes the transition of delivery of school psychological services from primarily a clinical model to one of consultation. It identifies existing conditions facilitating change, analyzes problems, and suggests solutions. New services arising from the changed perception of how a psychologist functions are discussed.
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: the interplay of local lipid excess and mitochondrial dysfunction.

This review explores the complex relationship between excess lipid exposure, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance at the level of human skeletal muscle. Lipotoxicity — i.e., the elevation of lipids and/or associated lipid metabolites within blood and tissues with subsequent metabolic derangement — has been proposed as a possible mechanism of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Intravenous lipid infusion is a well-documented method of inducing insulin resistance. Although IMCL content has been correlated with insulin resistance, there is increasing evidence that lipid metabolites such as 4-HNE, DAG, ceramide, and LC-CoA may play a more significant role than triglycerides in producing skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The association between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance is unclear, particularly due to the varied options for measuring mitochondrial function. The effect of acute lipid exposure producing skeletal muscle insulin resistance in humans is well documented. The effects of chronic lipid exposure from dietary ingestion on skeletal muscle insulin resistance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function remain disputed. The effects of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction on accumulation of lipotoxic species and skeletal muscle insulin resistance also remain uncertain. Certainly, pursuit of the role of lipid metabolites and their roles in the generation of skeletal muscle insulin resistance remain an exciting area for future research. Moreover, alteration in skeletal muscle insulin resistance does not occur in isolation as functional perturbations of any component of the glucose homeostatic system may initiate development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through “cross talk” between tissues. Nevertheless, understanding pathophysiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance remains critically important due to its role in preceding and facilitating the development of Type 2 diabetes.
Resistance to spread of virus from cell to cell in T.I. 245 tobacco.

Abstract T. I. 245 tobacco is resistant to initial virus infection and to movement of virus from cell to cell. These two resistances are controlled by different mechanisms, because temperature treatments and preinoculation darkening increased one kind of resistance but decreased the other. Resistance to virus movement in T. I. 245 tobacco resembles systemic acquired resistance in that both result in smaller lesions, both are eliminated at 28°, and both are nonspecific. Systemic acquired resistance was readily induced in the susceptible T. I. 787 tobacco, but the same treatments did not increase the resistance of the resistant T. I. 245 tobacco.
Seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) II. The anticonvulsant effect of ECT

To measure the anticonvulsant effects of a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), we used a flexible stimulus dosage titration procedure to estimate seizure threshold at the first and sixth ECT treatments in 62 patients with depression who were undergoing a course of brief pulse, constant current ECT given at moderately suprathreshold stimulus intensity. Seizure threshold increased by approximately 47% on average, but only 35 (56%) of the 62 patients showed a rise in seizure threshold. The rise in seizure threshold was associated with increasing age, but not with gender, stimulus electrode placement, or initial seizure threshold. Dynamic impedance decreased by approximately 5% from the first to the sixth ECT treatment, but there was no correlation between the change in dynamic impedance and the rise in seizure threshold. No relation was found between the rise in seizure threshold and either therapeutic response status or speed of response to the ECT treatment course. These findings confirm the anticonvulsant effect of ECT but suggest that such effects are not tightly coupled to the therapeutic efficacy of moderately suprathreshold ECT.
A course on multimedia technology for computer science and computer engineering students

We have developed a new course on Multimedia Technology, intended for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students majoring in either Computer Science or Computer Engineering. In this paper we describe the topics covered, the method of instruction, the work done by the students, and the facilities needed to teach such a course. The paper concludes with some feedback provided by students, and possible ways in which the course could be improved or extended.
The influence of the perceived home drug environment on college student drug use.

Abstract The use of legal and illegal drugs at Ivy College, a small private liberal arts college in the West, was found to be directly related to four dimensions of the perceived home drug environment. These were perceived parental attitudes toward drug use, and perceived drug use of mother, father, and siblings. Perceived siblings' drug use was the most important of the four variables in its effect on subject's drug use. Relationships between the perceived home drug environment and subject's drug use were fairly strong where the drugs were the same in both instances, but weak when the drugs differed from home to subject's use.
HOXC6 Is transcriptionally regulated via coordination of MLL histone methylase and estrogen receptor in an estrogen environment.

Homeobox (HOX)-containing gene HOXC6 is a critical player in mammary gland development and milk production, and is overexpressed in breast and prostate cancers. We demonstrated that HOXC6 is transcriptionally regulated by estrogen (E2). HOXC6 promoter contains two putative estrogen response elements (EREs), termed as ERE11/2 and ERE21/2. Promoter analysis using luciferase-based reporter assay demonstrated that both EREs are responsive to E2, with ERE11/2 being more responsive than ERE21/2. Estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ bind to these EREs in an E2-dependent manner, and antisense-mediated knockdown of ERs suppressed the E2-dependent activation of HOXC6 expression. Similarly, knockdown of histone methylases MLL2 and MLL3 decreased the E2-mediated activation of HOXC6. However, depletion of MLL1 or MLL4 showed no significant effect. MLL2 and MLL3 were bound to the HOXC6 EREs in an E2-dependent manner. In contrast, MLL1 and MLL4 that were bound to the HOXC6 promoter in the absence of E2 decreased upon exposure to E2. MLL2 and MLL3 play key roles in histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation and in the recruitment of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II in the HOXC6 promoter during E2-dependent transactivation. Nuclear receptor corepressors N-CoR and SAFB1 were bound in the HOXC6 promoter in the absence of E2, and that binding was decreased upon E2 treatment, indicating their critical roles in suppressing HOXC6 gene expression under nonactivated conditions. Knockdown of either ERα or ERβ abolished E2-dependent recruitment of MLL2 and MLL3 into the HOXC6 promoter, demonstrating key roles of ERs in the recruitment of these mixed lineage leukemias into the HOXC6 promoter. Overall, our studies demonstrated that HOXC6 is an E2-responsive gene, and that histone methylases MLL2 and MLL3, in coordination with ERα and ERβ, transcriptionally regulate HOXC6 in an E2-dependent manner.
The role of intonation in language and dialect discrimination by adults

Abstract It has been widely shown that adults are capable of using only prosodic cues to discriminate between languages. Previous research has focused largely on how one aspect of prosody – rhythmic timing differences – support language discrimination. In this paper, we examined whether listeners attend to pitch cues for language discrimination. First, we acoustically analyzed American English and German, and American and Australian English to demonstrate that these pairs are distinguishable using either rhythmic timing or pitch information alone. Then, American English listeners' ability to discriminate prosodically-similar languages was examined using (1) low-pass filtered, (2) monotone re-synthesized speech, containing only rhythmic timing information, and (3) re-synthesized intonation-only speech. Results showed that listeners are capable of using only pitch cues to discriminate between American English and German. Additionally, although listeners are unable to use pitch cues alone to discriminate between American and Australian English, their classification of the two dialects is improved by the addition of pitch cues to rhythmic timing cues. Thus, the role of intonation cannot be ignored as a possible cue to language discrimination.
Effects of thyroidectomy on egg production, molt, and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations of turkey hens.

Abstract Turkey hens were thyroidectomized at different ages and phases of their reproductive cycles. Egg production, primary remige molting, and plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were monitored during each of three experiments. Thyroidectomy of hens (26 and 30 wk of age) prior to photoinduction of egg production prevented subsequent egg production and molting. Thyroidectomy of adult hens (36 wk of age) early in the egg production cycle caused a gradual termination of egg laying without the occurrence of molting. Thyroidectomy of mature hens (66 wk of age) during the light restriction period prior to their second egg production cycle prevented subsequent egg laying and molting. All successful thyroidectomies reduced plasma T4 and T3 to concentrations below the sensitivity levels of the assays. Feeding 1 ppm T4 to thyroidectomized hens resulted in resumption of normal egg production and molting. These results indicate that the thyroid is essential for the initiation and maintenance of egg production and for molting in turkey hens.
QUANTUM MECHANICS IS EITHER NONLINEAR OR NON-INTROSPECTIVE

The measurement conundrum seems to have plagued quantum mechanics for so long that impressions of an inconsistency amongst its axioms have spawned. A demonstration that such purported inconsistency is fictitious may then be in order and is presented here. An exclusion principle of sorts emerges, stating that quantum mechanics cannot be simultaneously linear and introspective (self-observing). The nonlinearity of this latter approach allows quantum mechanics to describe the entire measuring process, and also to be applied to the entire universe, for which there is no external observer.
Abstract 4449: Resistance to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor antibody associated with downregulated IGFBP2.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Agents targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor are in various stages of clinical development. Despite some initial response with single agent trials, the responses are limited and durations are short. It is important to understand the mechanics of innate and adaptive responses of the tumors that lead to resistance. An in vivo mouse model was used for the development of IGF1R antibody-resistant rhabdomyosarcoma tumor. All tumors, despite remarkable initial response, all eventually grow in the presence of the antibody. The isolated cell lines show cross-resistance to IGF1R antibodies, and are presented with increased AKT activity in the presence of an IGF1R antibody. Expression analysis indicates that IGFBP2 is the most affected gene in the IGF signaling process that is significantly down-regulated in two independently generated resistant lines. In addition, the recombinant IGFBP2 is capable of inhibiting of IGF1R phosphorylation and AKT signaling. Further, the inhibitory activity is amplified in the presence of an IGF1R antibody, against both sensitive and resistant RMS cells. Finally, the addition of antibodies against IGF1/2 or IGF2 enhances the activity of an IGF1R antibody against RMS cells. The findings suggest that IGFBP2 down-regulation may represent a novel mechanism to escape the blockage of IGF1R signaling by a therapeutic antibody. Citation Format: Yunkai Yu, Zhigang Kang, Lee Helman, Paul Meltzer, Liang Cao. Resistance to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor antibody associated with downregulated IGFBP2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4449. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4449
Attributional style in relation to self-esteem and depression: Mediational and interactive models

Abstract In their original statement of the reformulated model of learned helplessness, Abramson, Seligman, and Teasdale (1978) argued that internality is related to depression through self-esteem, whereas stability and globality only have direct relationships with depression. A test of this model using path analysis ( N = 289) provided support for the predicted indirect relationship between internality and depression. However, contrary to the model, globality was significantly related to self-esteem, and the relation between stability and depression was not significant. Several models proposing interactions between the attributional style dimensions were also tested; none of the interactions tested attained statistical significance. The methodological and conceptual implications of these findings for the reformulated model of learned helplessness are discussed.
Guanabenz-mediated Inactivation and Enhanced Proteolytic Degradation of Neuronal Nitric-oxide Synthase *

Guanabenz, a metabolism-based irreversible inactivator of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) in vitro, causes the loss of immunodetectable nNOS in vivo. This process is selective in that the slowly reversible inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine did not decrease the levels of nNOS in vivo. To better understand the mechanism for the loss of nNOS protein in vivo, we have investigated the effects of guanabenz and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine in HEK 293 cells stably transfected with the enzyme. We show here that guanabenz, but not N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, caused the inactivation and loss of nNOS protein in the HEK 293 cells. In studies with cycloheximide or in pulse-chase experiments with [(35)S]methionine, we demonstrate that the loss of nNOS was due in large part to enhanced proteolysis of the protein with the half-life decreasing by one-half from 20 to 10 h. Other metabolism-based irreversible inactivators to nNOS, N(G)-methyl-L-arginine, and N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine, but not the reversible inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), caused a similar decrease in the half-life of nNOS. Proteasomal inhibitors, lactacystin, Cbz-leucine-leucine-leucinal, and N-acetyl-leucine-leucine-norleucinal, but not the lysosomal protease inhibitor leupeptin, were found to effectively inhibit the proteolytic degradation of nNOS. Thus we have shown for the first time that the irreversible inactivators of nNOS, perhaps through covalent alteration of the enzyme, enhance the proteolytic turnover of the enzyme by a mechanism involving the proteasome.
Mucocele-Like Tumors of the Breast: Mammographic and Sonographic Appearances

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to describe the mammographic and sonographic appearances of the mucocele-like tumor of the breast.CONCLUSION. The mucocele-like tumor is a rare lesion of the breast, the benign form of which has a nonspecific mammographic appearance. The tumor can present as indeterminate microcalcifications or as a nodule, often containing calcifications. The sonographic findings are of multiple well-defined hypoechoic oval or tubular structures with low-level internal echoes resembling complex cysts. Mucocele-like tumors of the breast can be associated with atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma. If a mucocele-like tumor is diagnosed at core needle biopsy, complete surgical excision is recommended, with careful evaluation of the entire specimen to exclude the presence of atypia or carcinoma.
Microwave-Assisted Preparation of TiO2/Activated Carbon Composite Photocatalyst for Removal of Methanol in Humid Air Streams

TiO2/activated carbon composite photocatalyst was prepared by a microwave-assisted impregnation method and was employed for the removal of methanol from humid air streams. A commercial microwave oven (800 W) was used as the microwave source. Under 2450 MHz microwave irradiation, titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) was quickly hydrolyzed and anatase TiO2 was formed in a short time (<20 min). As a result of the volumetric heating and selective heating of the microwave, the solvent and byproducts were quickly removed which reduced energy consumption and processing time. The formed submicrometer TiO2 particles mainly deposited on the external surface of carbon. In a packed bed reactor with an empty bed contact time of 0.35 s, the prepared materials maintained a 40% removal efficiency at an inlet methanol concentration of 39 ppm. When the TTIP conversion was complete, neither the irradiation time nor the water/TTIP ratio could further change the photocatalytic activity.