cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of the fifth axial heme ligand of chloroperoxidase.

Abstract Chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago catalyzes the peroxidative chlorination of organic acceptor molecules. From a variety of spectroscopic data, it had long been thought that chloroperoxidase possessed an active site structure similar to that of cytochrome P-450cam. Resonance Raman studies conducted with isotopically substituted enzyme proved conclusively that the fifth axial ligand to the ferriprotoporphyrin IX moiety of chloroperoxidase is indeed a cysteine thiolate (Bangcharoenpaurpong, O., Champion, P. M., Hall, K. S., and Hager, L. P. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 2374-2378). In this study, Ellman's reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), was used to ascertain which of the 3 cysteine residues in the primary structure of chloroperoxidase serves as the fifth axial heme ligand; two of the cysteine residues were earlier shown to be involved in a disulfide linkage. Apoprotein was labeled under denaturing conditions with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). A unique peptide, containing the thionitrobenzoate adduct, was isolated via reverse phase HPLC following digestion with endoproteinase Glu-C. Amino acid and Edman sequence analysis revealed the fifth axial ligand in chloroperoxidase to be cysteine 29. Under reducing and denaturing conditions, incubation of apochloroperoxidase with Ellman's reagent resulted in 3 labeled residues. Proteolysis and isolation of the labeled peptides using reverse phase HPLC and subsequent Edman sequence analysis detected and identified the thionitrobenzoate adducts of each of the three cysteinyl peptides of chloroperoxidase.
An analytic method to calculate emitter follower delay using trial functions in coupled node equations

We use a quasi-linear large-signal bipolar junction transistor model and node waveform trial functions in coupled node equations to calculate delay of emitter followers driving fan-out gates and interconnect resistance and capacitance.
Asians in Latin America: A Selected Bibliography, 1990-2002

During the last decade, interest and research on Asians in Latin America has shown a remarkable growth. This is demonstrated by the breadth of works now available—books, journal articles, journals, conference proceedings, dissertations, master's theses, honors papers, films, recordings and other publications—in the social sciences, literature, arts, business, religion, language use, and education. Academic support for Asians in Latin America Studies has also developed through conferences, working groups projects linked to research centers on transnational and comparative studies, discussion lists, and interest groups within ethnic/compara-tive / transnational / diaspora / area / global studies associations. In compiling this selected bibliography on Asians in Latin America for Amerasia Journal, I limited the scope to publications during 1990-2002. Materials not included in the bibliography (due to space constraints) are works of literature and art (films, videos, music), community newspapers and magazines, academic journals, websites, works in Asian and other languages, conference proceedings, exhibition catalogs, community directories, geneaological and biographical works, unpublished manuscripts, undergraduate honors papers, some master's theses, and works on pre-Columbian contact, mission churches (many from Fuller Theological Seminary), external/foreign affairs, Alberto Fujimori, dekasegui (Japanese Latino return migrants) and Peruvian / Latino internment in the United States during World War II. There was no attempt to include journal articles, which represents another rich data source, in the original scope of this bibliography. The bibliography is organized by the broader "Asians" category, then alphabetically by ethnic group, and within each group it is organized alphabetically by country or region.
Physiological impact of caloric restriction on the lower critical temperature and body temperature dynamics in mice (1105.2)

The lower critical temperature (TLC) is that ambient temperature (Ta) where metabolic rate (MR) increases linearly with decreasing Ta. We tested the hypothesis that chronic caloric restriction (CR) would elevate TLC. Control male C57Bl/6J mice (n=9) were allowed free access to food and ate 4.2 g/day while CR mice (n=9) were restricted to 2.7 g/day for 8 weeks. Indirect calorimetry demonstrated that CR mice had a higher TLC than control mice (30.3±0.5 vs. 27.7±1.0 °C, respectively), with a lower basal MR (0.45±0.02 vs. 0.66±0.01 mL O2/min), and lower average MR (0.86±0.04 vs. 1.17±0.04 mL O2/min) when compared to controls. In a separate study to examine the impact of CR and Ta on body temperature (Tb), outbred female mice were weaned and separated into one of four groups: 1) housed and given food ad libidum at 20°C, n=37; 2) housed ad lib at 30°C, n=35; 3) CR at 20°C, n=34; and 4) CR at 30°C, n=34. Ad lib feeding and CR lasted ~1 year. CR mice weighed ~55% of their ad lib counterparts for both housing temp...
Infections Associated with Retinal Autoimmunity

This chapter begins with a brief overview of infection and autoimmunity in the eye that is followed by specific examples of infections and autoimmunity in the retina. It reviews the evidence that three distinct classes of infectious agents have been implicated in the development of autoimmune processes within the retina. These data also indicate that distinct pathogenic mechanisms are involved in the induction of autoimmunity triggered by these three organisms. In T. gondii infections, the persistence and chronic reactivation of the organism is probably responsible for the introduction and presentation of sequestered retinal epitopes to the immune system. In O. volvulus infections, molecular mimicry between the organism and human RPE protein may contribute to the retinal pathology. In ECOR, similar processes are induced in coronavirus-infected mice displaying either retinal degeneration susceptibility or retina degeneration resistance. This chapter also highlights two human diseases triggered by Onchocerca volvulus or Toxoplasma gondii and an experimental model referred to as experimental coronavirus retinopathy (ECOR), triggered by the murine coronavirus, which is the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV).
The Sound of Bedrock: Lines of Grammar between Kant, Wittgenstein, and Cavell

This chapter, which takes its bearing from Stanley Cavell’s ‘Aesthetic Problems of Modern Philosophy’, continues the work of ‘What’s the Point of Seeing Aspects?’ of exploring the grammatical affinity between Kant’s ‘beauty’ and Wittgenstein’s ‘aspect’; but it then goes on to develop a Wittgensteinian critique of Kant on two fronts: first, it questions Kant’s commitment to ‘systematicity’ in philosophy, and his related tendency to treat what Wittgenstein calls ‘grammar’ as, at best, an indication of something else—namely, the workings of our cognitive ‘powers’, or faculties, in their (systematic) inter-relations; and, second, it challenges Kant’s understanding of ‘concept’—an understanding that is shared by many in contemporary analytic philosophy, and which essentially divorces concepts from our (evolving and context-sensitive) linguistic practices.
Regulation and distribution of squirrel monkey chorionic gonadotropin and secretogranin II in the pituitary.

Secretogranin II (SgII) is a member of the granin family of proteins found in neuroendocrine and endocrine cells. The expression and storage of SgII in the pituitary gland of Old World primates and rodents have been linked with those of luteinizing hormone (LH). However, New World primates including squirrel monkeys do not express LH in the pituitary gland, but rather CG is expressed. If CG takes on the luteotropic role of LH in New World primates, SgII may be associated with the expression and storage of CG in the pituitary gland. The goal of this study was to evaluate the regulation and distribution of CG and SgII in the squirrel monkey. A DNA fragment containing approximately 750 bp of squirrel monkey SgII promoter was isolated from genomic DNA and found to contain a cyclic AMP response element that is also present in the human SgII promoter and important for GnRH responsiveness. The squirrel monkey and human SgII promoters were similarly activated by GnRH in luciferase reporter gene assays in LβT2 cells. Double immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated close association of SgII and CG in gonadotrophs of squirrel monkey pituitary gland. These results suggest that CG and SgII have a similar intercellular distribution and are coregulated in squirrel monkey pituitary gland.
Neural activity predicts individual differences in visual working memory capacity

Contrary to our rich phenomenological visual experience, our visual short-term memory system can maintain representations of only three to four objects at any given moment. For over a century, the capacity of visual memory has been shown to vary substantially across individuals, ranging from 1.5 to about 5 objects. Although numerous studies have recently begun to characterize the neural substrates of visual memory processes, a neurophysiological index of storage capacity limitations has not yet been established. Here, we provide electrophysiological evidence for lateralized activity in humans that reflects the encoding and maintenance of items in visual memory. The amplitude of this activity is strongly modulated by the number of objects being held in the memory at the time, but approaches a limit asymptotically for arrays that meet or exceed storage capacity. Indeed, the precise limit is determined by each individual's memory capacity, such that the activity from low-capacity individuals reaches this plateau much sooner than that from high-capacity individuals. Consequently, this measure provides a strong neurophysiological predictor of an individual's capacity, allowing the demonstration of a direct relationship between neural activity and memory capacity.
Inhibition of AP-1 and Neoplastic Transformation by Fresh Apple Peel Extract

Abstract Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a low incidence of cancers and other chronic diseases. Previous studies suggested that fresh apples inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Here we report that oral administration of apple peel extracts decreased the number of nonmalignant and malignant skin tumors per mouse induced by 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated mouse skin. ESR analysis indicated that apple extract strongly scavenged hydroxyl (OH) and superoxide () radicals. Mechanistic studies showed that pretreatment with apple peel extract inhibited AP-1 transactivation induced by ultraviolet B irradiation or TPA in JB6 cells and AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice. This inhibitory effect appears to be mediated by the inhibition of ERKs and JNK activity. The results provide the first evidence that an extract from fresh apple peel extract may inhibit tumor promoter-induced carcinogenesis and associated cell signaling, and suggest that the chemopreventive effects of fresh apple may be through its antioxidant properties by blocking reactive oxygen species-mediated AP-1-MAPK activation.
Oxidation-reduction calculations in the biochemistry course

Redox calculations have the potential to reinforce important concepts in bioenergetics. The intermediacy of the NAD+/NADH couple in the oxidation of food by oxygen, for example, can be brought out by such calculations. In practice, students have great difficulty and, even when adept at the calculations, frequently do not understand their significance. The causes of this problem are identified with 1) the context in which redox calculations are presented and 2) the confusion over the formalism of the redox potential, particularly the meaning of the sign that refers to direction of current flow but is frequently confused with thermodynamic sign. A method is described for teaching redox calculations that is straight-forward and simple for students to perform but, at the same time, brings out the key concepts. The primacy of the free energy is emphasized and the method is used to reinforce an understanding of respiration.
Familial triad of anorectal, sacrococcygeal, and presacral anomalies that includes sacrococcygeal teratomas

We present two Australian families with the triad of anorectal, sacrococcygeal, and presacral anomalies. In one family four members had sacral deformities, three of which were associated with presacral masses and anal stenosis. The presacral masses were: one meningocoele combined with a teratoma; one teratoma; and the third remains undiagnosed and unresected at the patient's request. In the second family, one child had an infected presacral teratoma with a small sacral defect and the father had a similar sacral defect with computed tomographic evidence of a presacral meningocoele and teratoma. The presence of anal stenosis and constipation with a sacral defect should raise the possibility of a presacral mass. The mass may take the form of a meningocoele, teratoma, enteric cyst, or any combination of these. Once detected, other family members should be investigated.
Naval EarthMap Observer: overview and data processing

We present an overview of the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) spacecraft and then focus on the processing of NEMO data both on-board the spacecraft and on the ground. The NEMO spacecraft provides for Joint Naval needs and demonstrates the use of hyperspectral imagery for the characterization of the littoral environment and for littoral ocean model development. NEMO is being funded jointly by the U.S. government and commercial partners. The Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer (COIS) is the primary instrument on the NEMO and covers the spectral range from 400 to 2500 nm at 10-nm resolution with either 30 or 60 m work GSD. The hyperspectral data is processed on-board the NEMO using NRL's Optical Real-time Automated Spectral Identification System (ORASIS) algorithm that provides for real time analysis, feature extraction and greater than 10:1 data compression. The high compression factor allows for ground coverage of greater than 106 km2/day. Calibration of the sensor is done with a combination of moon imaging, using an onboard light source and vicarious calibration using a number of earth sites being monitored for that purpose. The data will be atmospherically corrected using ATREM. Algorithms will also be available to determine water clarity, bathymetry and bottom type.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Comparison of Two Acoustic Waveguide Methods for Determining Liner Impedance

Acoustic measurements taken in a flow impedance tube are used to assess the relative accuracy of two waveguide methods for impedance eduction in the presence of grazing flow. The aeroacoustic environment is assumed to contain forward and backward-traveling acoustic waves, consisting of multiple modes, and uniform mean flow. Both methods require a measurement of the complex acoustic pressure profile over the length of the test liner. The Single Mode Method assumes that the sound pressure level and phase decay-rates of a single progressive mode can be extracted from this measured complex acoustic pressure profile. No a priori assumptions are made in the Finite Element. Method regarding the modal or reflection content in the measured acoustic pressure profile. The integrity of each method is initially demonstrated by how well their no-flow impedances match those acquired in a normal incidence impedance tube. These tests were conducted using ceramic tubular and conventional perforate liners. Ceramic tubular liners were included because of their impedance insensitivity to mean flow effects. Conversely, the conventional perforate liner was included because its impedance is known to be sensitive to mean flow velocity effects. Excellent comparisons between impedance values educed with the two waveguide methods in the absence of mean flow and the corresponding values educed with the normal incident impedance tube were observed. The two methods are then compared for mean flow Mach numbers up to 0.5, and are shown to give consistent results for both types of test liners. The quality of the results indicates that the Single Mode Method should be used when the measured acoustic pressure profile is clearly dominated by a single progressive mode, and the Finite Element Method should be used for all other cases.
Callus induction and plant regeneration from shoot portions of mature embryos of high tannin sorghums

Callus and plant regenertion were induced from shoot portions of mature embryos (dry seeds) of five high tannin Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cultivars. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with altered concentrations of 5 salts, supplemented with 150 mg/L L-asparagine, 5mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.05mg/L kinetin. Calli which were yellow and globular were formed with 70–90% frequencies. The subculture medium which gave best results was MS with 2mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5mg/L kinetin. Plants were regenerated on MS medium supplemented with 150mg/L L-asparagine and 0.2mg/L kinetin with regeneration frequencies of 11–48%.
Thermic effect of soy versus whey protein – a pilot trial

Methods In this single blind cross-over study, young male and female subjects (n=5, three males, two females; age range 18-21) consumed 40 grams of either whey (Zero Carb SRO by VPX) or soy protein (Iso-Rich Soy by Jarrow Formulas). Subjects reported to the lab on separate days (with at least 2 days between testing sessions) and underwent 3 hours of resting metabolic rate (RMR) testing. The thermic effect of feeding (TEF) was assessed via oxygen uptake measures at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 hours post-consumption of protein. Data was collected via the ParvoMedics metabolic cart.
Quantitative MRI studies for assessment of multiple sclerosis.

Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable aid in the initial diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), quantitatively MRI has been disappointing in staging and evaluating therapy protocols by means of serial examinations. In this study, image processing algorithms were developed for the global analysis of MR images of the cerebrum. Limited three-dimensional segmentation was achieved through histogram analysis by these algorithms, which are essentially operator independent. The effects of coil response and tip angles, patient positioning, and interslice gap thicknesses were examined for 10 MS patients with repeated examinations for a total of 72 images. Effects of technique and instrumentation errors were approximately 6%, and agreement between two independent operators for measuring the total MR pixel sum from periventricular effusions and intense MS plaques was better than 97% with a standard deviation of 2.9%. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
Major bacterial contribution to the ocean reservoir of detrital organic carbon and nitrogen

Bacterial biomarkers (D-amino acids and muramic acid) were measured in various organic matter size fractions collected in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, and they were used to quantitatively estimate bacterial contributions to particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen reservoirs. The origins and yields of biomarkers were determined in cultured marine bacteria, and the results indicated that D-amino acids are derived from numerous macromolecules in addition to peptidoglycan and are not solely from peptidoglycan. Bacterial detritus was a major component of particulate organic matter (POM) and is an important source of submicronsize particles and colloids in the ocean. Peptidoglycan was a substantial component of POM but not of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Compositional differences between POM and DOM primarily reflected the selective incorporation of specific bacterial components into these reservoirs. Autotrophic and heterotrophic bacterial sources were not quantified separately, but the presence of D-aspartic acid (D-Asx) and D-serine (D-Ser) suggested that heterotrophic sources were substantial. The average reactivity of bacterial organic matter was comparable to that of the bulk organic carbon pool. Bacteria were important sources of labile, semilabile, and refractory dissolved organic carbon. Bacterial organic matter accounted for ~25% of particulate and dissolved organic carbon and ~50% of particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen. These results demonstrate the importance of bacteria in regulating the ocean carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Whole genome amplification of Chelex-extracted DNA from a single mite: a method for studying genetics of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis

We developed and optimized a method using Chelex DNA extraction followed by whole genome amplification (WGA) to overcome problems conducting molecular genetic studies due to the limited amount of DNA obtainable from individual small organisms such as predatory mites. The DNA from a single mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henrot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), isolated in Chelex suspension was subjected to WGA. More than 1000-fold amplification of the DNA was achieved using as little as 0.03 ng genomic DNA template. The DNA obtained by the WGA was used for polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. From WGA DNA, nuclear DNA intergenic spacers ITS1 and ITS2 and a mitochondrial DNA 12S marker were tested in three different geographical populations of the predatory mite: California, the Netherlands, and Sicily. We found a total of four different alleles of the 12S in the Sicilian population, but no polymorphism was identified in the ITS marker. The combination of Chelex DNA extraction and WGA is thus shown to be a simple and robust technique for examining molecular markers for multiple loci by using individual mites. We conclude that the methods, Chelex extraction of DNA followed by WGA, provide a large quantity of DNA template that can be used for multiple PCR reactions useful for genetic studies requiring the genotypes of individual mites.
Behavioral and medical monitoring for hypertension control: A counselor feedback and consulting model

Abstract A medical management system designed to track both the biophysical (e.g. blood pressure) and behavioral (e.g. adherence) concommitants of pharmacological treatment was used for a subsample of uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Patient blood pressure and concurrent adherence levels were monitored by health promotion research assistants for possible over- or undermedication. For 20% of the monitored patients a change in the medical regimen seemed necessary. Health promotion professionals consulted with physicians regarding possible difficulties with the medication regimen. Physicians were highly responsive to the consultation, and in all cases re-evaluated the patients' treatment regimen. In most cases prescriptions were changed and blood pressure decreased. Adherence was not adversely affected, despite prescription changes. Physician responsiveness to the implementation of these medical management procedures and to consultations regarding potential inadequacies in the medical regimen suggest this model may be a useful adjunct to the usual pharmacological treatment of hypertension or other chronic disease.
Talking fast and changing attitudes: A critique and clarification

Previous research on the effects of vocal rate on credibility and persuasion has not carefully considered several methodological and theoretical issues. An investigation was conducted that controlled for a number of methodological factors, and considered different explanatory possibilities. Results indicated more complex and constrained relationships between rate of vocalization, credibility, and persuasion than some previous research had found, and were consistent with research in the person perception literature. Support for a straightforward credibility bolstering explanation was not found, and other explanatory rationales were considered.
Observational model for the Space Interferometry Mission

The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) is a space-based long-baseline optical interferometer for precision astrometry. One of the primary objectives of the SIM instrument is to accurately determine the directions to a grid of stars, together with their proper motions and parallax, improving a priori knowledge by nearly three orders of magnitude. The basic astrometric observable of the instrument is the pathlength delay, a measurement made by a combination of internal metrology measurements that determine the distance the starlight travels through the two arms of the interferometer and a measurement of the white light stellar fringe to find the point of equal pathlength. Because this operation requires a non-negligible integration time to accurately measure the stellar fringe position, the interferometer baseline vector is not stationary over this time period, as its absolute length and orientation are time-varying. This conflicts with the consistency condition necessary for extracting the astrometric parameters which requires a stationary baseline vector. This paper addresses how the time-varying baseline is `regularized' so that it may act as a single baseline vector for multiple stars.
Effects of Exchange Rate Regime on IMF Program Participation

This article investigates the effect of a domestic policy choice, the exchange rate regime, on countries’ interaction with an international institution, their participation in International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending agreements. I hypothesize that the effect of the level of international reserves on a country's probability of participation in an IMF program depends on the exchange rate regime. A low level of international reserves threatens unfavorable economic and political outcomes only in countries that maintain a fixed exchange rate regime. The level of reserves may thus be a significant determinant of participation in IMF programs only for countries that maintain a fixed exchange rate regime. I use a dynamic univariate probit model of IMF program participation to assess empirically the effect of reserves in countries that maintain fixed, intermediate, and floating exchange rate regimes. The empirical results support my hypothesis: reserves have a significant effect only in countries that maintain a fixed exchange rate.
Twin Cities Better Health Restaurant Challenge

Abstract To increase the availability of low-fat food and challenge consumers' perceptions, a large managed care organization (MCO) serving over 640,000 members challenged Minneapolis/St. Paul area restaurants to a contest. The objective of the program was to encourage restaurants to offer more low-fat menu items. Competition criteria included ≤9 fat grams per entree and ≤1 fat gram per dessert. Restaurants participating (N=24) received increased visibility through newspaper advertisements, media events, direct member mailings, free point of purchase materials and free Registered Dietitian consulting services and analysis of recipes. Winning restaurants were recognized and cash was donated to the American Heart Association in their name. Coupons for featured menu items were provided to members for use at over 80 participating sites. By rating the menu item(s) and returning the ballot, members of the MCO provided evaluation data and became eligible to win prizes. The average rating of the foods was 4.26 (Likert Scale) with 84% indicating they would order the item again. The restaurants, in follow-up focus groups, indicated increased patron requests for low-fat food since the contest. In conclusion, this program increased both availability and awareness of low-fat food options in our community. Future efforts to increase awareness and availability of healthy low-fat food options clearly may benefit from partnerships between organizations as demonstrated in this program.
Analysis of phase-boundary motion in diffusion-controlled processes: Part I. Solution of the diffusion equation with a moving boundary

Three general methods are developed for solving moving-boundary problems which are governed by diffusional processes such as heat and mass transfer. Examples of such problems include melting, evaporation, and ablation. A method based upon a Riemann-Volterra integration of the diffusion equation leads to nonlinear integrodifferential equations for the boundary motion that are in terms of definite integrals involving Green's functions. An analytical method, which is more convenient for problems involving phase motion, is based on the method of intermediate integrals. A numerical method based on finite difference approximations is implemented on the differential analyzer (analogue computer).
Measurement of the entrapment of sulfur dioxide by rime ice

Abstract Experiments have been conducted to measure the fraction of SO2 dissolved in supercooled cloud drops which remains with the ice phase following rime-ice formation. Special consideration is given to an experimental design which simulates the atmospheric riming process realistically and to measurement uncertainties. The results of this study show the fraction ƒ S(IV) of SO2 entrapped by the riming process to be proportional to the drop supercooling ΔT, suggesting that the mechanisms of entrapment may be linked to the growth of ice during the adiabatic portion of drop freezing. A regression analysis shows ƒ S(IV) = a · ΔT +b , where a = (5.8 ± 0.5) × 10−3K−1 and b = (1.2 ± 0.6) × 10−2. No evidence was found for sulfate formation subsequent to entrapment in the rime ice.
Raman Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics for Differentiating Exposures to Triazole Fungicides Using Rat Urine

Normal Raman spectroscopy was evaluated as a metabolomic tool for assessing the impacts of exposure to environmental contaminants, using rat urine collected during the course of a toxicological study. Specifically, one of three triazole fungicides, myclobutanil, propiconazole, or triadimefon, was administered daily via oral gavage to male Sprague−Dawley rats at doses of 300, 300, or 175 mg/kg, respectively. Urine was collected from all three treatment groups and also from vehicle control rats on day six, following five consecutive days of exposure. Spectra were acquired with a CCD-based dispersive Raman spectrometer, using 785-nm diode laser excitation. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio, urine samples were filtered through a stirred ultrafiltration cell with a 500 nominal molecular weight limit filter to remove large, unwanted urine components that can degrade the spectrum via fluorescence. However, a subsequent investigation suggested that suitable spectra can be obtained in a high-throughput fashion...
Repair of Complete Atrioventricular Canal Associated with Tetralogy of Fallot or Double-Outlet Right Ventricle: Report of 10 Patients

Ten patients with complete atrioventricular (AV) canal and tetralogy of Fallot or double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with subaortic ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis underwent complete repair. Associated cardiac anomalies were frequent, and 3 patients had situs ambiguus and 1 had situs inversus. Two (40%) of the 5 patients with comple AV canal and tetralogy of Fallot died in hospital, as did 3 (60%) of the 5 with complete AV canal and DORV. No deaths occurred among the 4 patients in whom repair could be done without using a transannular patch across the pulmonary valve ring or a valved external conduit. Five (62%) of the 8 without major associated malformations survived. Preoperative study must define completely the malformation. The repair, done through the right atrium alone or in combination with a right ventriculotomy, is most easily accomplished with separate patches for the ventricular and atrial components of the septal defect.
Automated planning support for on-site construction inspection

Construction inspectors need inspection planning assistance to specify goals for inspection and to develop and search among feasible inspection plans that inspectors can implement to address these inspection goals on construction sites. This paper presents the details of an automated planning approach to support on-site construction inspections and thereby permit inspectors to both generate complete, detailed inspection plans and to consider numerous possible alternatives in detail. The approach consists of representations and reasoning mechanisms to develop inspection goals and plans, and to support consideration of multiple possible inspection plans. In particular, the approach consists of a series of matching processes, facilitated by faceted classification reasoning, and a generative method-based approach to inspection planning that features a measurement distribution concept to permit various approaches for distributing measurements throughout components. The authors present an object-oriented prototype to illustrate and demonstrate this approach, together with detailed validation discussions that utilize inspection scenarios documented in construction inspection literature to demonstrate the generality and applicability of the developed approach.
Centrally injected interleukin-1 beta inhibits the hypothalamic LHRH secretion and circulating LH levels via prostaglandins in rats.

Intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of interleukin-1s (IL-1s) significantly lowers plasma LH levels in castrated male rats, and interferes with LHRH release into the median eminence of proestrus female rats. We have investigated the potential role of arachidonic acid metabolites in mediating these inhibitory effects, by administering indomethacin (INDO, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) or nor- dihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, a lipoxygenase inhibitor) 15 min prior to injection of the cytokine. While not measurably altering basal LH or LHRH secretion in castrated or proestrus rats, respectively, INDO completely reversed the action of IL-1s on the secretion of these 2 hormones. In contrast, NDGA did not alter IL-1-induced decreases in LH release. The peripheral administration of endotoxin (LPS) also interferes with LH release. Because the iv injection of IL-1 does not alter LH secretion, this effect is believed to be at least in part mediated by increased synthesis of cytokines within the CNS. We observed that in contrast to results obtained in rats injected with IL-1 icv, INDO did not reverse the inhibitory action of LPS. Our results thus suggest either that central IL-1 is not the primary modulator of LPS-induced decrease in LH values, or that pathways other than those involving arachidonic acid are important. In conclusion, we have shown that: 1) the ability of IL-1s to decrease the activity of the HPG axis is dependent on arachidonic acid metabolites (in particular those formed through the eicosanoid cyclooxygenase route); 2) under circumstances of increased IL-1s levels within the CNS, prostaglandins exert an overall inhibitory effect on the hypothalamic LHRH secretion and plasma LH levels in rats.
Hepatic enzyme induction patterns and phenothiazine side effects

D-Glucaric acid excretion was followed in psychotic patients treated with phenothiazines for 12 days and in a control group of subjects who had no psychiatric disease. About half the psychiatric patients had a treatment-related rise in D-glucaric acid excretion compatible with enzyme induction. These patients had fewer and less severe neurologic side effects than those who did not have a significant rise in urinary D-glucaric acid levels. It is concluded that individual differences in metabolism of phenothiazines may in part account for the variability in clinical response to these drugs.
The role of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in microsomal hydroxylation reactions☆

Abstract A specific antibody elicited against NADPH-cytochrome c reductase inhibited cytochrome P-450- and NADPH-dependent hydroxylation of biphenyl by rodent liver and lung microsomal preparations. The inhibition profiles suggested that both the 2- and 4-hydroxylation of biphenyl were mediated by a common NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase) and that the same flavoprotein species operated in liver and lung microsomes of corn oil- or 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats and hamsters. An immunochemically identical NADPH-cytochrome c reductase also apparently functioned in the NADPH-supported metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and ethylmorphine. NADH supported the microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and ethylmorphine in liver and biphenyl in liver and lung, but the maximal rates of reaction were slower than when supported with NADPH. The Km of NADH for biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylations in control hamster liver microsomes were approximately 5 m m . Anti-NADPH-cytochrome c reductase globulin inhibited NADH-supported biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylase activities in corn oil- or 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats and hamsters, even at NADH concentrations as low as 0.25 m m . These results indicate that the same flavoprotein reductase species which mediated NADPH-dependent biphenyl hydroxylase donated at least one electron for the NADH-supported hydroxylation.
A Theoretical Model of Manufacturing Lead Times and Their Relationship to a Manufacturing Goal Hierarchy

In recent years, manufacturing firms have realized that a new, higher level of global competition causes them to compete simultaneously on multiple manufacturing goals, such as quality, delivery, cost, and flexibility. In response to this realization, considerable research now focuses on the relationship of manufacturing improvement programs to manufacturing goals. However, to date, this research has not investigated the specific underlying statistical relationships between manufacturing goals and the shop floor. This study investigates manufacturing lead time linkages with manufacturing programs and manufacturing goals. The basic purpose of this study is to understand and explain how programs affect the elements of manufacturing lead time and how manufacturing lead time affects manufacturing goal capabilities. By understanding these linkages, managers can logically trace the effects of specific programs to their eventual effects on manufacturing goal capabilities. This study's most important finding is that statistical variations in the elements of lead time cause a tendency for certain manufacturing goals to be more difficult to control and achieve than others because of canonical relationships of lead time variances. To control these lead time variances, successful firms concentrate their early program targets first on achieving “fitness for use” quality, followed by delivery reliability, short delivery lead time and cost, current product flexibility, and lastly, new product flexibility. This study mathematically illustrates which improvement programs most affect manufacturing goals through their relationship to manufacturing lead time variance reduction. It suggests that firms improve goal performance by initially targeting improvement through setup time reduction programs, defect reduction programs, and preventive maintenance programs, to facilitate quality improvements. By targeting specific programs and their related lead time variances, firms improve their manufacturing facility competitiveness with minimum obstacles.
Direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons using AlBr3–HBr superacid catalyst

The direct gas phase catalytic oligomerization of methane at temperatures ≤673 K has been demonstrated using AlBr3-HBr superacid. The reaction produces C2+ hydrocarbons and hydrogen in a single step at 1 atm in a continuous flow reactor at a nominal residence time of 60 s. The essentially complete conversion of methane appears to be due to protolytic activation of methane in the presence of H+AlBr4−.
Common Cavity Resonators for Passive Laser Beam Combining: Effects of Path Length Errors

The sensitivity of coupled laser cavities to path length errors for coherent laser combining is analyzed, and new methods are described for reducing this sensitivity. We show that certain resonator structures are able to tolerate path length errors better than others, and present experimental measurements of this tolerance.
The effect of folic acid and/or methionine deficiency on deoxyribonucleotide pools and cell cycle distribution in mitogen‐stimulated rat lymphocytes

. Folate deficiency will induce abnormal deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) metabolism because folate-derived one-carbon groups are essential for de novo synthesis of purines and the pyrimidine, thymidylate. Under conditions of methionine deprivation, a functional folate deficiency for deoxynucleoside triphosphate synthesis is induced as a result of the irreversible diversion of available folates toward endogenous methionine resynthesis from homocysteine. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of nutritional folate and/or methionine deprivation in vitro on intracellular dNTP pools as related to DNA synthesis activity and cell cycle progression. Primary cultures of mitogen-stimulated rat splenic T-cells were incubated in complete RPMI 1640 medium or in custom-prepared RPMI 1640 medium lacking in folic acid and/or methionine. Parallel cultures, initiated from the same cell suspension, were analysed for deoxyribonucleotide pool levels and for cell proliferation. The distribution of cells within the cell cycle was quantified by dual parameter flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine/propidium iodide DNA analysis which allows more accurate definition of DNA synthesizing S-phase cells than the traditional DNA-specific staining with propidium iodide alone. Relative to cells cultured in complete RPMI 1640 media, the cells cultured in media deficient in folate, methionine or in both nutrients manifested increases in the deoxythymidylate pool and an apparent depletion of the deoxyguanosine triphosphate pool. Both adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine diphosphate levels were significantly reduced with single or combined deficiencies of folate and methionine. These nucleotide pool alterations were associated with a decrease in the proportion of cells actively synthesizing DNA and an increase in cells in G2+ M phase of the cell cycle. Folate deprivation in the presence of adequate methionine produced a moderate decrease in DNA synthesizing cells over the 68 h incubation. However, methionine deprivation, in the presence or absence of folate, severely compromised DNA synthesis activity. These results are consistent with the established ‘methyl trap’ diversion of available folates towards the resynthesis of methionine from homocysteine and away from nucleotide synthesis. The data confirm the metabolic interdependence of folic acid and methionine and emphasize the pivotal role of methionine on the availability of folate one-carbon groups for deoxynucleotide synthesis. The decrease in DNA synthesis activity under nutrient conditions that negatively affect nucleotide biosynthesis suggest a possible role for abnormal dNTP metabolism in the regulation of cell cycle progression and DNA synthesis.
Creep deformation in near-γ TiAl: Part 1. the influence of microstructure on creep deformation in Ti-49Al-1V

The influence of microstructure on creep deformation was examined in the near-y TiAl alloy Ti-49A1-1V. Specifically, microstructures with varying volume fractions of lamellar constituent were produced through thermomechanical processing. Creep studies were conducted on these various microstructures under constant load in air at temperatures between 760 °C and 870 °C and at stresses ranging from 50 to 200 MPa. Microstructure significantly influences the creep behavior of this alloy, with a fully lamellar microstructure yielding the highest creep resistance of the microstructures examined. Creep resistance is dependent on the volume fraction of lamellar constituent, with the lowest creep resistance observed at intermediate lamellar volume fractions. Examination of the creep deformation structure revealed planar slip of dislocations in the equiaxed y microstructure, while subboundary formation was observed in the duplex microstructure. The decrease in creep resistance of the duplex microstructure, compared with the equiaxed y microstructure, is attributed to an increase in dislocation mobility within the equiaxedy constituent, that results from partitioning of oxygen from the γ phase to the α2 phase. Dislocation motion in the fully lamellar microstructure was confined to the individual lamellae, with no evidence of shearing of γ/γ or γ/α2 interfaces. This suggests that the high creep resistance of the fully lamellar microstructure is a result of the fine spacing of the lamellar structure, which results in a decreased effective slip length for dislocation motion over that found in the duplex and equiaxed y microstructures.
Ligand Binding to Anion Binding Exosites Regulates Conformational Properties of Thrombin

Thrombin participates in coagulation, anticoagulation, and initiation of platelet activation. To fulfill its diverse roles and maintain hemostasis, this serine protease is regulated via the extended active site region and anion-binding exosites (ABEs) I and II. For the current project, amide proton hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to characterize ligand binding to individual exosites and to investigate the presence of exosite-active site and exosite-exosite interactions. PAR3(44-56) and PAR1(49-62) were observed to bind to thrombin ABE I and then to exhibit long range effects over to ABE II. By contrast, Hirudin(54-65) focused more on ABE I and did not transmit influences over to ABE II. Although these three ligands were each directed to ABE I, they did not promote the same conformational consequences. D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone inhibition at the thrombin active site led to further local and long range consequences to thrombin-ABE I ligand complexes with the autolysis loop often most affected. When Hirudin(54-65) was bound to ABE I, it was still possible to bind GpIbα(269-286) or fibrinogen γ'(410-427) to ABE II. Each ligand exerted its predominant influences on thrombin and also allowed interexosite communication. The results obtained support the proposal that thrombin is a highly dynamic protein. The transmission of ligand-specific local and long range conformational events is proposed to help regulate this multifunctional enzyme.
From Plymouth Rock to Palo Alto: The New England literary tradition and its American critics

Although the relationship of Hart Crane and Yvor Winters has been much discussed, there has been no sustained critical attempt to consider Winters’s analysis of Crane’s suicidal enchantment as a po...
The Steady Circulation of a Nonrotating, Viscous, Heat-Conducting Atmosphere

Abstract The problem of small-amplitude, steady motions and temperature perturbations in a stratified, ideal gas atmosphere with viscosity and heat conduction is investigated. Horizontally varying sources of heat, mass and momentum force these motions. The model assumes two-dimensionality and no rotation. The solutions illustrate the coupling between motions and the temperature field in a stratified fluid with exponential increase in the vertical of the coefficients of kinematic viscosity and thermometric conductivity. Horizontal variation of temperature sets up pressure forces which drive horizontal winds. By continuity the divergence of these winds gives rise to vertical motions which alter the temperature fields. The solutions oscillate with height. Sources at relatively low levels can produce at high levels temperatures and circulations inverse to the directly driven temperature and wind oscillations. The mathematical analysis reduces to the solution of a sixth-order ordinary differential equation of ...
On the pervasive influences of implicit memory

In Voss, Lucas, and Paller (2012) we reviewed evidence that behavioral, neural and subjective phenomena often considered to be hallmarks of explicit memory can be powerfully influenced by processing related to implicit memory. We argued that, as a result, behavioral and neuroimaging experiments designed to measure explicit memory are sometimes prone to capture aspects of implicit memory instead. The nine commentaries published in response to our target article largely resonated with these conclusions. Here we highlight the numerous additional insights offered by these commentaries regarding the circumstances and precise mechanisms that may characterize relationships between implicit and explicit memory, and we describe similarities and differences with our interpretations.