cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managing bleeding in anticoagulated patients in the emergency care setting

Abstract Background Orally administered anticoagulants that offer alternatives to warfarin have been developed in recent years and are currently available for reduction of stroke risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement surgery, and the treatment and secondary risk reduction of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Objectives This article will provide a brief introduction to these new oral anticoagulants and then review the approaches that can be taken for the emergency management of hemostasis in patients bleeding or at risk for bleeding while receiving warfarin or one of two newer agents, the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran or the factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban. Discussion Oral anticoagulant use is widespread and likely to continue to increase. Warfarin has been the standard of care in oral anticoagulation for many years; its bleeding risks are well known and associated emergency protocols are well established. As newer oral anticoagulants become more widely used, similar procedures will need to be developed. Although there are as yet no specific reversal agents for these newer drugs, recommendations for overdose, emergency hemostasis, and preoperative management are available. Further, while the newer agents do not require routine coagulation monitoring, assays for use in non-routine situations are being explored. Conclusions The introduction of alternative oral anticoagulants will require emergency procedures that differ in some respects from those currently in place for warfarin and it will be necessary for Emergency Medicine professionals to become familiar with these procedures. Clinical stabilization of the bleeding or at-risk patient remains the emergency physician’s priority.
REVIEW OF REPORTED CHOLERA OUTBREAKS WORLDWIDE, 1995–2005

The global temporal and spatial distribution of cholera is underappreciated, given the lack of surveillance in endemic areas and economic disincentives to report outbreaks. To judge the use of specific novel interventions such as vaccines or anti-secretory agents, we compiled a database and analyzed cholera reports from the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases from 1995 to 2005. Of the 632 reports meeting the search criteria, 66% originated in Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by 16.8% from Southeast Asia. Reported outbreaks in Africa tended to be larger in size. The most common risk factors were water source contamination, heavy rainfall and flooding, and population dislocation. While cholera reporting is sub-optimal, this review provides a detailed sub-national quantification of cholera, identifies foci of endemicity in Africa, and describes risk factors by region. We highlight the need for more extensive outbreak reporting to justify investments in new interventions.
Bridging the Peace Gap in the Middle East

T HE centrality of the Palestinian issue is not an idea the Arabs contrived after the 1973 war. They gave formal expression to this principle when they approved the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1964. At the Sixth Arab Summit Conference in Algiers in November 1973, they went a step further by adopting a resolution to the effect that the PLO is the sole, legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. This resolution was reaffirmed at the Rabat summit conference in October 1974 and given additional weight byJordan's previously withheld concurrence.
Could Heat Shock Transcription Factors Function as Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors in Plants

Background Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are modular transcription factors encoded by a large gene family in plants. They bind to the consensus sequence ‘nGAAnnTCCn’ found in the promoters of many defence genes, and are thought to function as a highly redundant and flexible gene network that controls the response of plants to different environmental stress conditions, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Hsf proteins encoded by different genes exhibit a high degree of complexity in their interactions. They can potentially bind and activate their own promoters, as well as the promoters of other members of their gene family, and they can form homo- or heterotrimers resulting in altered nuclear localization, as well as enhanced or suppressed transcription. Scope In this review, we summarize recent studies on Hsf function in Arabidopsis and tomato and present evidence obtained from microarray expression studies in Arabidopsis that the Hsf gene network is highly flexible and specialized, with specific members and/or member combinations controlling the response of plants to particular stress conditions. In addition, we describe recent studies that support the hypothesis that certain Hsfs function as molecular sensors that directly sense reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control the expression of oxidative stress response genes during oxidative stress.
The effects of CdCl2 on the maternal-to-fetal clearance of 67Cu and placental blood flow.

Copper is an essential element while Cd is an extremely toxic heavy metal of questionable biological usefulness. Cadmium has been reported to interfere with the metabolism of Cu, be teratogenic, and decrease blood flow in the fetal placenta. Because of these reported biological interactions of Cd and Cu, this investigation was conducted to determine the effects of Cd on placental transport of /sup 67/Cu and placental blood flow in the guinea pig. All guinea pigs used were 60 +/- 1 days pregnant. A placental perfusion technique was used to measure the maternal-to-fetal clearance of /sup 67/Cu and /sup 3/H/sub 2/O across the placenta. The clearance of /sup 3/H/sub 2/O served as an indicator of placental blood flow on the maternal side of the circulation. The results indicated that an iv injection of 1 mg Cd/kg body weight resulted in an immediate increase in the clearance of /sup 67/Cu which declined over the next 8 min to an elevated level compared to the extrapolated best-fit curve of control values. This iv injection of CdCl/sub 2/ concomitantly reduced the maternal-to-fetal clearance of /sup 3/H/sub 2/O across the placenta. In conclusion, an acute exposure of the pregnant female to CdCl/sub 2/ results inmore » an increased maternal-to-fetal clearance of /sup 67/Cu and a reduced placental blood flow that can alter the supply of nutrients to the developing embryo or fetus, and therefore modify normal development.« less
A Study of Zn−Ti-Based H2S Removal Sorbents Promoted with Cobalt and Nickel Oxides

To improve the sulfur-removing capacity of Zn−Ti sorbent, new Zn−Ti-based H2S removal sorbents promoted with cobalt and nickel were prepared and tested in a packed bed reactor at middle-temperature conditions (H2S absorption at 480 °C and regeneration at 580 °C). The new sorbents showed excellent sulfur-removing capacities without deactivation even after 15 cycles of absorption and regeneration, whereas the conventional Zn−Ti sorbent continuously deactivated. The nickel and cobalt that permeated the Zn2TiO4 worked not only as active sites during the sulfidation process, but also as a structural stabilizer to prevent a change of physical properties of the sorbents during multi-cycle reactions. Also, the cobalt additive increased the regeneration capacity of the Zn-based sorbents by supplying heat to initiate the regeneration reaction of zinc at lower temperatures while the nickel additive prevented SO2 slippage that originated from the cobalt sulfate.
(Re)Searching culture in foreign language textbooks, or the politics of hide and seek

ABSTRACTTextbooks are curriculum artefacts that embody particular ideologies and legitimise specific types of knowledge [Apple, M. W. (1982). Education and power. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Apple, M. W., & Christian-Smith, L. K. (1991). The politics of the textbook. In M. W. Apple & L. K. Christian-Smith (Eds.), The politics of the textbook (pp. 1–21). London, NY: Routledge]. As the general public tends to associate them with truth rather than opinion [Meyer, C. J., & Rosenblatt, P. C. (1987). Feminist analysis of family textbooks. Journal of Family Issues, 8(2), 247–252. Retrieved from: http://jfi.sagepub.com/], textbooks can contribute to the circulation of particular representations and stereotypes. In the past decades, there has been an increasing interest in analysing the ways in which textbooks (re)produce representations of history, ethnic groups, minorities and gender differences, to name a few. Foreign language research has focused on the representation of foreign and native culture(s), give...
Modeling the Coupled Transport-Deformation Response of Titanium Alloys Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Environment

A concentration-displacement-pressure finite element formulation is constructed for the evaluation of coupled transport-deformation of titanium alloys operating in aggressive environments. The oxygen-induced embrittlement at high temperature/ mechanical loading environment is the main focus of this manuscript. The mass transport of oxygen within the metal is idealized by a stabilized advection-diffusion-reaction model with oxygen concentration as the unknown variable. The deformation response of the medium is formulated using the mixed finite element approach, in which both pressure and displacement are treated as cardinal unknown variables. The proposed model accurately captures the pressure and pressure gradient fields that may significantly affect the transport process at high stress gradient zones; such as hot spots. The effect of oxygen transport on the deformation response is idealized using a generalized Johnson-Cook visco-plasticity model. The proposed transport-deformation model is calibrated and applied to evaluate the response of titanium alloy Ti-6242S at high temperatures.
High-performance liquid chromatography determination of red wine tannin stickiness.

Red wine astringency is generally considered to be the sensory result of salivary protein precipitation following tannin–salivary protein interaction and/or tannin adhering to the oral mucosa. Astringency in red wine is often described using qualitative terms, such as hard and soft. Differences in qualitative description are thought to be due in part to the tannin structure. Tannin chemistry contributions to qualitative description have been shown to correlate with the enthalpy of interaction between tannin and a hydrophobic surface. On the basis of these findings, a method was developed that enabled the routine determination of the thermodynamics of the tannin interaction with a hydrophobic surface (polystyrene divinylbenzene) for tannins in red wine following direct injection. The optimized analytical method monitored elution at four different column temperatures (25–40 °C, in 5 °C increments), had a 20 min run time, and was monitored at 280 nm. The results of this study confirm that the calculated ther...
Thermal-Mechanical Evaluation of Plated Electro-Magnetic NiFe for MEMS Generators

In micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices that contain multi-layers of metallic, ceramic, and polymeric materials, acquiring a complete understanding of the mechanical properties and interfacial strength are critical in designing the devices. In general, these layered materials are specially fabricated with thickness of each layer on submicron and/or micron scale. Particularly, the properties of these layered materials strongly depend on the fabrication processes and subsequent treatments. In this paper, we study the magnetic metallic films, NiFe (80/20 in weight), for MEMS generator/motor applications. A set of tensile tests was conducted on the plated nickel-iron metallic films of various thicknesses and subjected to various annealing conditions. Distinctive differences in mechanical behaviors between the electroplated films and the corresponding bulk alloys were observed. Furthermore, the NiFe film as-deposited exhibits almost pure elastic deformation and brittle fracture at room temperature; whereas the NiFe film subjected to annealing exhibits strain hardening and ductile fracture when tested at room temperature. X-ray diffraction was used to capture the variation of crystalline structure and the residual stresses in the electroplated films as deposited and after annealing. An atomic force microscope was used to obtain the surface morphology of the films as deposited and after annealing.
Oral aspects of aging.

Many older persons cannot wear their dentures because traumatic ulcers develop under them. They go without their dentures and do not eat properly. Poor diet causes further degeneration of oral tissues and a vicious cycle that is hard to break. Gerodontic problems are especially common in postmenopausal women.
Effect of Sex on Humoral and Innate Immunity

Humans show strong sex differences in immunity to infection and autoimmunity. Women are typically less susceptible to infection because they mount superior immune responses and generate more robust antibody responses upon vaccination. Men are more susceptible to sepsis and chronic inflammatory diseases. In contrast, autoimmune diseases preferentially afflict women, suggesting that the superior female capacity for immunity increases self-reactive responses. Immune cells express receptors for androgens (AR) and estrogens (ER), and sex steroid levels markedly impact humoral and cellular immunity, with lower levels of estrogens generally proinflammatory, while testosterone and higher levels of estrogens are typically immunosuppressive. In their capacity as ligand-dependent transcription factors that modulate chromatin, ERs and ARs govern the epigenetic landscape and transcriptional activity of immune response genes, although the molecular details of this regulation are only beginning to be elucidated. Sex chromosome content also influences immunity independently of sex steroids. Investigation of the mechanisms by which sex and sex hormones regulate immune response pathways will provide important new insights into innate and humoral immunity.
Congenital Mitral Stenosis and Mitral Insufficiency

SUMMARY Nine cases of congenital mitral stenosis and three cases of congenital mitral insufficiency treated surgically are reported. The clinical, radiologic, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic and surgical aspects of these cases are briefly reviewed. There were three initial deaths among the congenital mitral stenosis patients. A fourth death occurred following re-operation four years after the first operation. There was one operative death among the three patients with congenital mitral insufficiency. All survivors have been much improved clinically.
Advanced Maillard Reaction in Sugar-induced Cataract: Studies with Molecular Markers

The advanced Maillard reaction was investigated in lens proteins of galactosemic rats and dogs. The relationship between the degree of metabolic control and advanced Maillard reactions was investigated in long-term diabetes in dogs. The effect of polyol pathway activation on advanced Maillard reactions was studied by treating the animals with an aldose reductase inhibitor, sorbinil. Advanced Maillard reactions were studied using three different parameters: (1) protein-bound fluorescence, (2) pentosidine, and (3) fluorophore LM-1. In galactosemic rats, both protein-bound fluorescence and pentosidine accumulated significantly in comparison to controls, and sorbinil treatment almost completely prevented these changes. A close association between the degree of metabolic control and advanced Maillard reactions tested by all three parameters was noted in diabetic dogs. In addition, in diabetic dogs, pentosidine formation revealed the requirement of a glycemic threshold for enhancement of advanced Maillard reactions.
Excited State Absorption of Cr3+ and V2+ Ions Near Laser Wavelengths in Tunable Laser Media

Tunable lasers based on vibronic sideband emission of Cr3+ and V2+ in low-to-intermediate crystal fields offer the possibility of efficient operation over a wide tuning range in the near infrared.1 Excited state absorption (ESA) originating from the metastable 4T2 level is, however, a potential problem that could raise lasing thresholds and impair lasing efficiency.
A Molecular and Cellular Context-Dependent Role for Ir76b in Detection of Amino Acid Taste.

Amino acid taste is expected to be a universal property among animals. Although sweet, bitter, salt, and water tastes have been well characterized in insects, the mechanisms underlying amino acid taste remain elusive. From a Drosophila RNAi screen, we identify an ionotropic receptor, Ir76b, as necessary for yeast preference. Using calcium imaging, we identify Ir76b+ amino acid taste neurons in legs, overlapping partially with sweet neurons but not those that sense other tastants. Ir76b mutants have reduced responses to amino acids, which are rescued by transgenic expression of Ir76b and a mosquito ortholog AgIr76b. Co-expression of Ir20a with Ir76b is sufficient for conferring amino acid responses in sweet-taste neurons. Notably, Ir20a also serves to block salt response of Ir76b. Our study establishes the role of a highly conserved receptor in amino acid taste and suggests a mechanism for mutually exclusive roles of Ir76b in salt- and amino-acid-sensing neurons.
Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text

Since the first edition of Mike Lancaster's Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text was published by the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2002, the field of green chemistry has grown and evolved in many...
‘I’ll Make It Up to You:’ Examining the effect of apologies on forgiveness

AbstractReceiving an apology is a key component to the management of conflict and the likelihood that forgiveness will occur. However, not all apologies are effective at alleviating interpersonal conflict. The current research focused on the content of an apology (e.g. ‘I’ll make it up to you; I was wrong; I feel bad that I did this …’) and the differential impact this content may have on self-reported and behavioral forgiveness among young adults. Seven different apologies were designed and tested for effectiveness within an experimentally created transgression. Undergraduate students (N = 199) completed a distribution of resources task in which the researchers simulated a transgression experience without the students’ knowledge. Following the transgression, students received one of the seven apologies. Results indicate that receiving an apology that expressed a desire to compensate for wrongdoing appeared to be the most effective apology in terms of promoting both self-reported and behavioral forgiveness.
Frequency-Dependent Terahertz Transient Photoconductivity of Mesoporous SnO2 Films

The transient photoconductive properties of tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) mesoporous films have been studied by time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. We gain insight into carrier dynamics by measuring overall injection and trapping lifetimes using optical pump–THz probe spectroscopy, as well as the frequency-dependent complex conductivity at various pump–probe delay times. It is found that the method of charge generation, either direct above band gap excitation (at 267 nm) or dye-sensitized electron injection (at 400 nm), has a dramatic effect on the overall injection and trapping dynamics of mobile charge carriers on the picosecond to nanosecond time scale. In the presence of aqueous electrolyte, direct band gap excitation of nonsensitized SnO2 films results in instrument response limited subpicosecond injection lifetimes, while dye-sensitized films require tens of picoseconds for interfacial electron transfer to complete. On the other hand, the rate for trapping of mobile charges is at least 2 orders of ma...
Stability of Spironolactone Oral Suspension in PCCA Base, SuspendIt

Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic used to treat hypertension and heart failure and may also be used to treat edema resulting from kidney disease, low potassium levels, or excess aldosterone. No commercial liquid dosage form of spironolactone exists. An extemporaneously compounded suspension from pure drug powder or commercial tablets would provide an alternative option to meet unique patient needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical stability of spironolactone in the PCCA base SuspendIt. This base is a sugar-free, paraben-free, dye-free, and gluten-free thixotropic vehicle containing a natural sweetener obtained from the monk fruit. It thickens upon standing to minimize settling of any insoluble drug particles and becomes fluid upon shaking to allow convenient pouring during administration to the patient. A robust stability-indicating highperformance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of spironolactone in PCCA base SuspendIt was developed and validated. This assay was used to determine the chemical stability of the drug in SuspendIt. Samples were prepared and stored under three different temperature conditions (5°C, 25°C, 40°C) and assayed using the high-performance liquid chromatographic assay at pre-determined intervals over an extended period of time as follows: 0, 7, 14, 29, 46, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days at each designated temperature. Physical data such as pH, viscosity, and appearance were also monitored. The study showed that drug concentration did not go below 90% of the label claim (initial drug concentration) at all three temperatures studied. Viscosity and pH values also did not change significantly. This study demonstrates that spironolactone is physically and chemically stable in SuspendIt for 180 days in the refrigerator and at room temperature, thus providing a viable, compounded alternative for spironolactone in a liquid dosage form, with an extended beyond-use date to meet patient needs.
Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of mepolizumab for the treatment of severe asthma associated with persistent eosinophilic inflammation in adults

Introduction: Mepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and inactivates IL-5. It is available as a subcutaneous preparation. The practical application of mepolizumab is as an add...
Pulmonary Disease and Maxillofacial Surgery

This chapter will discuss the prevalence, pathophysiology, and manifestation of pulmonary disease. The chapter will review preoperative assessment including preoperative testing in order to determine anesthetic risk and risk stratification. Perioperative management including patient optimization and how to manage chronic medications as well as airway management, what medications are indicated, pain management, and potential problems and complications are described for each specific disease process.
Physical Education and Transition Planning Experiences Relating to Recreation among Adults Who Are Deafblind: A Recall Analysis.

IntroductionChildren who are deafblind have unique educational needs, especially when it comes to developing a foundation for recreation. This foundation includes a well-rounded physical education ...
Correction to: Species of Monogenoidea infecting the gill lamellae of the common silver-biddy Gerres oyena (Forsskål) and the common silver belly Gerres subfasciatus Cuvier (Perciformes: Gerreidae) in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia.

As part of a survey of the parasites infecting the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, the gill lamellae of two species, the common silver-biddy Gerres oyena (Forsskal) and the common silver belly Gerres subfasciatus Cuvier (both Gerreidae), were found infected with monogenoids as follows: Metahaliotrema filamentosum Venkatanarasaiah, 1981 (Dactylogyridae) was redescribed from G. oyena and recorded from G. subfasciatus (both new host records); Metahaliotrema imparilis n. sp., Protogyrodactylus monacanthus n. sp., Protogyrodactylus vulgaris n. sp. (all Dactylogyridae), Gyrodactylus xynus n. sp. (Gyrodactylidae), and Polylabris gerres (Sanders, 1944) Mamaev & Parukin, 1976 (Microcotylidae) were reported from G. subfasciatus; and Protogyrodactylus scalmophorus n. sp., Protogyrodactylus ichthyocercus n. sp., and Protogyrodactylus similis n. sp. were recorded from G. oyena. The new species are described, and the finding of M. filamentosum and P. gerres from Moreton Bay represent new geographic records. Haliotrema digyroides Zhang, 2001 and Haliotrema subancistroides Zhang, 2001 are transferred to Metahaliotrema Yamaguti, 1953 as Metahaliotrema digyroides (Zhang, 2001) n. comb. and Metahaliotrema subancistroides (Zhang, 2001) n. comb., respectively.
Cost-effective supply chain for electric vehicle battery remanufacturing

Abstract Large-scale adoption of electric vehicles can reap significant energy and environmental benefits while also reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Nonetheless, accompanying the benefits of electric vehicles, several economic and ecological challenges arise from the production of Lithium-ion batteries, which are currently the most popular type of batteries used in electric vehicles. Remanufacturing is a promising end-of-life strategy and can lead to more sustainable Lithium-ion battery supply chains to support large-scale adoption of electric vehicles. Several factors will dictate the feasibility and effectiveness of remanufacturing, including economic viability, production capability, and battery demand and supply. Unfortunately, while there exists significant research efforts on remanufacturing at the laboratory scale, there lacks research that investigates Lithium-ion battery remanufacturing at the enterprise scale. Motivated by this, in this paper, a state-of-the-art closed loop supply chain network model for Lithium-ion battery remanufacturing considering different quality levels of spent battery returns is proposed. An optimization model is developed to maximize the network profit and a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the impact of several important model parameters on the profitability of the proposed supply chain network. A numerical case study is implemented which shows that 9.81–30.93% increase in profit can be achieved if remanufacturing is integrated in Lithium-ion battery supply chain networks. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis shows that careful implementation of the proposed algorithm coupled with understanding of battery parameters are the keys to implementing cost-effective electric vehicle Lithium-ion battery supply chains. In all, this research will help stimulate the implementation of remanufacturing, promote economically and environmentally sustainable supply chain management in the electric vehicle battery industry, and support the transportation sector in reducing environmental burdens.
VEGF-B electrotransfer mediated gene therapy induces cardiomyogenesis in a rat model of cardiac ischemia.

Abstract Atherosclerosis induced myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major public health concern. Regenerative therapies that restore cardiac muscle cells are largely absent. The rate of cardiomyogenesis in adults is insufficient to compensate for MI damage. In this study, we explored the capacity of a gene therapy approach to promote cardiomyogenesis. We hypothesized that VEGF-B, critical during fetal heart development, could promote cardiomyogenesis in adult ischemic hearts. Gene electrotransfer (GET), a physical method of in vivo gene delivery, was adapted to the rat model of MI. Favorable pulsing parameters were then used for delivery of pVEGF-B and compared to a sham control in terms of infarct size, cardiomyocyte proliferation and presence of new cardiomyocytes. Ki67 immunoreactivity was used for proliferation analysis. Newly synthetized DNA was labeled with BrdU to identify new cells post-infarction. Cardiac troponin co-localization indicated proliferating and new cardiomyocytes histologically. Eight weeks post-treatment, GET pVEGF-B treated hearts had significantly smaller infarcts than the sham control group (p
The rationale for combination therapy of rheumatoid arthritis based on pathophysiology.

Rheumatoid arthritis begins with activation of a few cells within joints. The initial process is most likely caused by presentation of an antigen or superantigen by specific HLA-DR glycoproteins to receptive lymphocytes, perhaps accompanied by retroviral activation of synoviocytes and macrophages. After this initial activation process, many different components of host immune, inflammatory, and proliferative responses are activated as well. These include: B cell proliferation, proteolytic enzyme biosynthesis, cytokine expression, activation of kinin, complement, clotting and fibrinolytic pathways, prostaglandin and leukotriene production generation of oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide, and proliferation of synoviocytes (pannocytes)/chondrocytes and their gene products. At some point after the initial stimulus, the rheumatoid synovitis may become self-sustaining, without a need for the initial inciting protein or virus. In consideration of the multiple activated pathways that become operational, it is appropriate to consider therapies that attack more than one pathway. This is the rationale for combination therapy. In practice it does not imply using 2 agents directed against the same pathway (e.g., 2 different nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) but rather agents (e.g., methotrexate and cyclosporine) that have proven in vitro/in vivo to suppress different components of the immune/inflammatory/proliferative lesion. Thus, since many data suggest that irrevocable destruction of joints begins relatively early in the disease process, it is appropriate to begin substantial combination therapy early as well.
Carboranes in Catalysis

A concise review of the history of carborane- and metallacarborane-based catalysts is followed by a description of specific catalytic applications employing non-metal containing carboranes, exo -metallated carboranes, or metallacarboranes, including closed polyhedral (closo) as well as open-cage cluster systems. The role of homogeneous and heterogeneous carborane and metallacarborane catalysts in a variety of organic reaction types including hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, polymerization, isomerization, chiral synthesis, dehydrogenation, cyclopropanation, acetylation, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, and others, is discussed. Recent advances in the development of carborane analogues of constrained-geometry metallocene catalysts and in the Kharasch addition of CCl 4 to alkenes are described.
Airway management options in a prone achondroplastic dwarf with a difficult airway after unintentional tracheal extubation during a wake-up test for spinal fusion: To flip or not to flip?

Purpose To present a case of unintentional tracheal extubation in a prone positioned patient with a known difficult airway.
Teaching and Training for Global Engineering Perspectives on Culture and Communication Practices: Kirk St. Amant and Madelyn Flammia, Eds. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2016, 272 pp., ISBN 9781118328026

Although trade and politics have made the world a smaller place, politics and businesses remain local in most parts of the world (Starke-Meyerring, 2005). Therefore, industries and practices are be...
La ELAO en el marco del enfoque por tareas

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) takes place in two educational environments: (1) tutorial CALL, where students interact with and learn from digital materials and programs in a self-directed manner; and (2) social CALL, the computer provides the medium where students can interact with each other at a distance. Each mode offers specific benefits that contribute to second-language learning, especially if the activities students are asked to complete are framed within an overarching task-based learning approach (Gonzalez Lloret y Ortega 2014). Digital exchanges, such as those found in social media or synchronous videoconferences, have had a profound impact on how people communicate and can be adapted to support L2 learning as well. Nevertheless, tutorial CALL still has a valued place in the curriculum when one considers the need to develop a sufficiently large L2 vocabulary and the challenges of a controlling a new morphosyntactic system. All digitally based activities need to be evaluated carefully for cultural authenticity, student-fit, teacher-fit, feasibility/cost, and learning potential (Hubbard 2006). This study will provide an overview of these issues as well as cite some specific Web 2.0 examples, along with suggestions on how to incorporate ICT digital tools into a task-based curriculum.
Forensic Analysis of Plug Computers

A plug computer is essentially a cross between an embedded computer and a traditional computer, and with many of the same capabilities. However, the architecture of a plug computer makes it difficult to apply commonly used digital forensic methods. This paper describes methods for extracting and analyzing digital evidence from plug computers. Two popular plug computer models are examined, the SheevaPlug and the Pogoplug.
Sex differences in the association of baseline c-reactive protein (CRP) and acute-phase treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder: Findings from the EMBARC study.

Abstract Peripheral inflammation is associated with poor response to antidepressant treatments. However, whether sex differentially affects this association remains unknown. Participants of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC) with baseline plasma samples were included in this study (n = 220; male n = 75, female n = 145). Depression severity [Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 17-item (HAMD-17)] was measured at baseline and weeks- 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Plasma c-reactive protein (CRP) was measured with commercially-available ELISA kits at baseline, week-1, and week-8. Sex difference in prediction of baseline-to-week-8 HAMD-17 change by baseline CRP was tested with sex-by-baseline-CRP-by-time interaction in mixed model analysis. Additionally, changes in CRP from baseline-to-week-8 CRP and its association with HAMD-17 changes over that period were also evaluated. Covariates included body mass index, site, smoking status, and age. There was a significant sex difference in association of baseline-to-week-8 HAMD-17 reduction with baseline CRP (p = 0.033). Higher baseline CRP was associated with lower baseline-to-week-8 HAMD-17 reduction in females (p
Wine Night, “Bro-Dinners,” and Jungle Juice: Disaggregating Practices of Undergraduate Binge Drinking:

Undergraduate binge drinking, a well-documented problem at U.S. institutions of higher education, has been associated with a host of negative behavioral health outcomes. Scholars have extensively e...
Megakaryocytes Display Innate Immune Cell Functions and Respond during Sepsis

Abstract Megakaryocytes (MKs) are precursors to platelets, the second most abundant cells in the peripheral circulation. However, while platelets are known participate in immune responses and play significant roles during infections, the role of MKs within the immune system has not been explored. Here we utilize in vitro techniques to show that both cord blood-derived MKs (CB MKs) and MKs from a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line (Meg-01) chemotax towards pathogenic stimuli, phagocytose bacteria, and release chromatin webs in response to bacteria. Moreover, in patients with sepsis, we found that MK counts were significantly higher in the peripheral blood, and CD61+ staining was increased in the kidneys and lungs, correlated with the development of organ dysfunction. Overall, our study suggests that MK cells display basic innate immune cell functions and respond during infections and sepsis.
Modeling of a Wave Energy Oscillating Water Column as a Point Absorber Using WEC-Sim

This study evaluates the accuracy of using the open-source wave energy converter modeling Wave Energy Converter-SIMulator (WEC-Sim) code to model an oscillating water column (OWC) as a virtual point absorber. WEC-Sim is a free open-source hydrodynamic modeling extension of MATLAB/Simulink and is designed primarily for ease of use and the modeling of oscillating body wave energy converters (e.g., point absorbers). OWCs are a different class of wave energy converter and can be difficult to model. If OWCs can be accurately modeled as oscillating bodies, it may more easily enable the use of well-established hydrodynamic theory and control theory that exists for oscillating bodies for better simulated estimation of performance. A comparison of simulation and experiment was conducted on OWCs in the OH Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory, Oregon State University. Results show good agreement between the experimental OWCs and the simulated virtual point absorber over most ranges of operation, with the exception of near-resonant frequencies, in which case the virtual point absorber over-predicts performance. For regular waves, the accuracy of modeling an OWC as a point absorber was generally within 5%, except near the device resonant period, in which case the heave amplitude modeling error was 11.4% and the power modeling error was 25.0%. For an irregular sea state of dominant period 2.6 s, the modeling error in power was 2.0%.
Squat and gait biomechanics 6 months following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to (i) assess whether squat and gait biomechanical measures improve in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) 6 months after surgery compared to pre-operative measures and (ii) compare biomechanical properties to controls without FAIS. In this prospective study, biomechanical data during a double leg squat task and gait for 15 FAIS patients and 9 controls were collected using three-dimensional motion analysis. Data were collected in the FAIS group at two-time points, pre-operatively and 6-month post-operatively following arthroscopic hip surgery, and at a single time point for the healthy controls. Independent sample's t-test were used to compare the FAIS group to the controls, and paired samples t-test were used to determine within-group differences before and after hip arthroscopy in the FAIS group. The results indicated that there were significant within-group increases for sagittal plane moment rate during the double leg squat task (P = 0.009) between the pre-operative and post-operative time points for the FAIS group. Between-group differences showed that FAIS patients pre-operatively exhibit slower squat velocities during the descent (P = 0.005) and ascent phase (P = 0.012) of a double leg squat when compared healthy controls. Reduced hip external rotation moments during gait (P = 0.02) were also found between FAIS patients pre-operatively and controls. In conclusion, alterations in hip biomechanics are present before surgery for FAIS when compared to healthy controls, and joint mechanics change 6 months after surgery. However, the biomechanical differences during a double leg squat and gait were minimal.
Multi-Institutional Predictors of Antibiotic Resistance in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Urosepsis Secondary to Ureteral Obstruction

Introduction and Objective: Patients presenting with a urinary tract infection with kidney or ureteral stones is a urologic emergency often achieve early clinical stability but remain hospitalized ...
Endovascular reversal of renovascular hypertension blunts cardiac dysfunction and deformation in swine.

Objective Renovascular hypertension (RVH) induces hemodynamic and humoral aberrations that may impair cardiac function, structure and mechanics, including cardiac twist and deformation. Revascularization of a stenotic renal artery can decrease blood pressure (BP), but its ability to restore cardiac mechanics in RVH remains unclear. We hypothesized that percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) would improve cardiac function and left ventricular (LV) deformation in swine RVH. Methods Seventeen domestic pigs were studied for 16 weeks: RVH, RVH + PTRA and normal controls (n = 5-6 each). Global LV function was estimated by multidetector computed-tomography, and LV deformation by electrocardiographically triggered MRI tagging at the apical, mid, and basal LV levels. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial capillary density, and fibrosis were evaluated ex vivo. Results BP and wall thickness were elevated in RVH and decreased by PTRA, yet remained higher than in controls. LV myocardial muscle mass increased in RVH pigs, which also developed diastolic dysfunction, whereas cardiac output increased. Furthermore, both apical rotation and peak torsion angle increased in RVH compared with controls. Ex vivo, RVH induced myocardial fibrosis and vascular rarefaction. PTRA restored cardiac function and alleviated hypertrophy, vascular rarefaction, and fibrosis. PTRA also normalized apical rotation and peak torsion angle, and elevated basal peak radial strain and apical peak radial strain compared with RVH. Conclusion In addition to cardiac LV adaptive hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, short-term RVH causes cardiac deformation. Despite only partial improvement in BP, PTRA effectively restored cardiac function and reversed abnormal mechanics. Hence, renal revascularization may be a useful strategy to preserve cardiac function in RVH.
Optimization of CT angiography using physiologically-informed computational plaques, dynamic XCAT phantoms, and physics-based CT simulation

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Among all cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major contributor to mortality, accounting for approximately 10% of deaths per annum. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) can provide information on the location, composition, and severity of disease within the coronary arteries. However, cardiac motion makes protocol optimization for coronary CT angiography (CCTA) image acquisition and reconstruction uniquely challenging. The clinical trials necessary to optimize these protocols require a cohort of diverse patients, clinical staff, and are time-consuming. Consequently, there is a need for safer, less expensive, and faster alternatives. A virtual imaging trial (VIT) enables studies on the optimization of CCTA protocol parameters in a controlled (simulated) environment. In this work, we developed a framework to integrate computational models of CAD with computational, anthropomorphic phantoms (XCAT) and a CT simulator (DukeSim) so that VITs can be performed with these tools to optimize CCTA protocols for clinical tasks. To demonstrate the framework, we included a calcification in the right coronary artery of a 50th percentile BMI male XCAT phantom. The calcification was subjected to cardiac motion (60, 90, 120 BPM) and underwent simulated imaging with and without contrast enhancement (simulating a 370 mgI/mL injection) and was reconstructed via filtered back-projection (FBP) with two kernels (B26f, B70f). Measurements of the right coronary artery under imaging indicated that the small calcification was readily detected below 90 BPM, with no iodinated contrast media, and reconstructed via FBP with the B70f kernel. As demonstrated, this new VIT framework can provide an efficient means or CCTA protocol optimization.
Racial-ethnic differences in educational trajectories for individuals with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND Racial-ethnic differences in educational attainment have not been explored among adults with intellectual disability (ID). Because adults with ID and racial-ethnic minority groups have been historically marginalised from educational pathways through life, they have likely experienced cumulative disadvantage. Therefore, investigating the intersection of ID and race-ethnicity is necessary to increase understanding of educational attainment among adults with ID. METHODS Using 1986-2017 National Health Interview Survey data, we examined the educational trajectories of adults with ID, stratified by race-ethnicity (N = 4610). Generalised ordered logistic regression models were utilised to estimate the effect of birth cohort on educational attainment by race-ethnicity among adults with ID. RESULTS Results support prior findings that educational attainment increased for adults with ID around the 1950-1959 birth cohort; however, this was only the case for non-Hispanic Whites. For racial-ethnic minority groups, the probability of attaining a high school degree did not increase until comparatively later birth cohorts: non-Hispanic Black adults did not have their largest gains in educational attainment until the 1960-1969 birth cohort; Hispanic adults did not have their largest gains in attainment until the 1980-1999 birth cohort. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of improvements in educational attainment for all adults with ID across birth cohorts. However, racial-ethnic disparities were also present - educational attainment levels for non-Hispanic Blacks remained lower than for non-Hispanic Whites across all birth cohorts in the study. Hispanics were able to catch up to and surpass both non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks by the end of the study period, despite lower levels of education in the early birth cohorts. Results from this study highlight the need to attend to race-ethnicity when examining educational outcomes among adults with ID.
Design of a neurocognitive digital health system (NDHS) for neurodegenerative diseases

Digital health technology is becoming more ubiquitous in monitoring individuals' health as both device functionality and overall prevalence increase. However, as individuals age, challenges arise with using this technology particularly when it involves neurodegenerative issues (e.g., for individuals with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and ALS). Traditionally, neurodegenerative diseases have been assessed in clinical settings using pen-and-paper style assessments; however, digital health systems allow for the collection of far more data than we ever could achieve using traditional methods. The objective of this work is the formation and implementation of a neurocognitive digital health system designed to go beyond what pen-and-paper based solutions can do through the collection of (a) objective, (b) longitudinal, and (c) symptom-specific data, for use in (d) personalized intervention protocols. This system supports the monitoring of all neurocognitive functions (e.g., motor, memory, speech, executive function, sensory, language, behavioral and psychological function, sleep, and autonomic function), while also providing methodologies for personalized intervention protocols. The use of specifically designed tablet-based assessments and wearable devices allows for the collection of objective digital biomarkers that aid in accurate diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring, while patient reported outcomes (e.g., by the diagnosed individual and caregivers) give additional insights for use in the formation of personalized interventions. As many interventions are a one-size-fits-all concept, digital health systems should be used to provide a far more comprehensive understanding of neurodegenerative conditions, to objectively evaluate patients, and form personalized intervention protocols to create a higher quality of life for individuals diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases.