cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Passive model order reduction algorithrrl based on Chebyshev expansion of impulse response of interconnect networks

In this paper, we provide a new passive model order reduction algorithm on interconnects, which is based on the Chebyshev expansion of their impulse response. The Chebyshev coefficient matrices of the impulse response of the reduced order model up to a given order remain the same as those of the original network, so that the time domain transient response of the reduced order model matches that of the original network well. Compared with the model order reduction algorithms based on the frequency domain response, it is more efficient in dealing with complicated transient waveforms of interconnects where strong inductance effects are involved.
It Takes a Library: Growing a Robust Institutional Repository in Two Years

In 2010, Booth Library began establishing an institutional repository, The Keep, an effort that involved multiple departments within the library. Potential content recruitment for the repository included large-scale digitization of archival materials and migration of previously created digital collections. Creation of the repository resulted in increased accessibility, better presentation of content that had existed on outmoded legacy Web platforms, and the rescue of damaged content that had been disintegrating on other digital storage formats. By utilizing personnel across many departments and incorporating content from the Archives and Digital Collections areas, Booth Library has developed a robust institutional repository in only two years.
Metachronous Wilms Tumor Associated with Pulmonary Embolism: How Can We Detect These Cases Early? A Case Report and Literature Review

A 4-year-old girl developed right metachronous Wilms tumor 2 years after completing treatment for a left-sided stage I Wilms tumor. The original treatment included 7 weeks of chemotherapy, delayed nephrectomy, and another 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The metachronous tumor on the right side extended into the inferior vena cava and right atrium. She developed pulmonary embolism as a result. She received chemotherapy and developed liquifaction of the tumor and toxic shock. She also had surgery. The patient is alive 3 years after the original diagnosis and 10 months after the relapse. The authors report this unusual case and discuss whether these cases can be identified early.
Immigrant–native differences in employment-based retirement plan participation

This paper examines differences between immigrant and native employees in retirement plan participation using SIPP data. We find that the participation rate among natives is 60 percent, while the native-immigrant participation gap ranges from 10.9 percentage points for naturalized citizens to 35.4 percentage points for non-permanent residents. Controlling for demographic and job characteristics can explain up to half of the gap. Decomposing the overall immigrant-native difference into differences in employer offers, plan eligibility, and plan take-up shows that the likelihood of working for an employer that offers a plan is the primary driver of the overall gap.
Raman spectroscopy: the gateway into tomorrow's virology

In the molecular world, researchers act as detectives working hard to unravel the mysteries surrounding cells. One of the researchers' greatest tools in this endeavor has been Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique that measures the unique Raman spectra for every type of biological molecule. As such, Raman spectroscopy has the potential to provide scientists with a library of spectra that can be used to unravel the makeup of an unknown molecule. However, this technique is limited in that it is not able to manipulate particular structures without disturbing their unique environment. Recently, a novel technology that combines Raman spectroscopy with optical tweezers, termed Raman tweezers, evades this problem due to its ability to manipulate a sample without physical contact. As such, Raman tweezers has the potential to become an incredibly effective diagnostic tool for differentially distinguishing tissue, and therefore holds great promise in the field of virology for distinguishing between various virally infected cells. This review provides an introduction for a virologist into the world of spectroscopy and explores many of the potential applications of Raman tweezers in virology.
Distinct turbulence sources and confinement features in the spherical tokamak plasma regime

New turbulence contributions to plasma transport and confinement in the spherical tokamak (ST) regime are identified through nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations. The drift wave Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) mode characterized by intrinsic mode asymmetry is shown to drive significant ion thermal transport in strongly rotating national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) L-modes. The long wavelength, quasi-coherent dissipative trapped electron mode (TEM) is destabilized in NSTX H-modes despite the presence of strong E x B shear, providing a robust turbulence source dominant over collisionless TEM. Dissipative trapped electron mode (DTEM)-driven transport in the NSTX parametric regime is shown to increase with electron collision frequency, offering one possible source for the confinement scaling observed in experiments. There exists a turbulence-free regime in the collision-induced collisionless trapped electron mode to DTEM transition for ST plasmas. In conclusion, this predicts a natural access to a minimum transport state in the low collisionality regime that future advanced STs may cover.
Metaknowledge and Its Complications

The reflexive aspect of human cognition is one of its most characteristic and significant features. Nothing is more significant for and characteristic of our human cognitive situation than our ability to step back from what we deem ourselves to know and take a critically evaluative view of it.
Spectral-gap analysis for efficient tunneling in quantum adiabatic optimization

We investigate the efficiency of quantum adiabatic optimization when overcoming potential barriers to get from a local to a global minimum. Specifically we look at $n$ qubit systems with symmetric cost functions $f:{{0,1}}^{n}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$, where the ground state must tunnel through a potential barrier of width ${n}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ and height ${n}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}$. By the quantum adiabatic theorem the time delay sufficient to ensure tunneling grows quadratically with the inverse spectral gap during this tunneling process. We analyze barrier sizes with $1/2\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\alpha}+\ensuremath{\beta}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}l1/2$ and show that the minimum gap scales polynomially as ${n}^{1/2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}}$ when $2\ensuremath{\alpha}+\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\le}1$ and exponentially as ${n}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}/2}exp(\ensuremath{-}C{n}^{(2\ensuremath{\alpha}+\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}1)/2})$ when $1l2\ensuremath{\alpha}+\ensuremath{\beta}$. Our proof uses elementary techniques and confirms and extends an unpublished folklore result by Goldstone from 2002, which used large spin and instanton methods. Parts of our result also refine recent results by Kong and Crosson [arXiv:1511.06991] and Jiang et al. [arXiv:1603.01293] about the exponential gap scaling.
Rigid fluid

We present a framework for modeling solid-fluid phase change. Our framework is physically-motivated, with geometric constraints applied to define rigid dynamics using shape matching. In each simulation step, particle positions are updated using an extended SPH solver where they are treated as fluid. Then a geometric constraint is computed based on current particle configuration, which consists of an optimal translation and an optimal rotation. Our approach differs from methods such as [Carlson et al. 2004] in that we solve rigid dynamics by using a stable geometric constraint [Muller et al. 2005] embedded in a fluid simulator.
Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus as a Mitochondrial Genomic Disease

The genetics of diabetes mellitus is very complex. Although the phenotypes are relatively simple vis-a-vis an abnormal glucose-insulin relationship, a number of genotypes share this phenotype. This review focuses on mutations in the mitochon- drial genome that phenotype as diabetes mellitus. Studies in the human and the rat are described. (P.S.E.B.M. 1998, Vol 2191
Single proton transfer to P 2 9 , 3 0 states

Differential cross sections were measured for the ($^{3}\mathrm{He},d$) reaction on $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ at ${E}_{^{3}\mathrm{He}}=25$ MeV by use of an Enge split-pole spectrometer. Up to 19 point angular distributions for transitions to 12 states in $^{29}\mathrm{P}$ below 6.4 MeV excitation energy and to 66 states in $^{30}\mathrm{P}$ below 8.7 MeV were analyzed in the distorted-wave Born approximation. The optical model parameters required for the distorted-wave Born approximation analysis were obtained from elastic $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ scattering data which were taken on $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$, and $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$. A number of $^{30}\mathrm{P}$ levels were found to have large components of simple two-particle structure, with one particle in the $2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ shell and the other either in the $2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $1{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, $1{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$, or $2{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ shells. Specifically, the states at 6092 and 7048 keV were assigned ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $T=1$ and ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $T=1$, respectively, because they were found to carry a significant fraction of the ($2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$) ($1{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$) strength. However, the $T=0$ components of the $(2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}})_{}^{2}{}_{{1}^{+}}{}^{}$, ($2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$) ${(1{d}_{\frac{3}{2}})}_{{1}^{+}}$, and ${(1{d}_{\frac{5}{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}(2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}})_{}^{3}{}_{{3}^{+}}{}^{}$ configurations were found to be distributed among a large number of states. Spin assignments were made based on shapes of the angular distributions and analog relations to $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$ states. An estmate of the extent to which the $1{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ proton shell is filled in $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ was extracted.
Predatory Publishing What Authors, Reviewers, and Editors Need to Know

The expansion of the Internet and the increasing pressure to provide new scientific content to the public as quickly as possible have led to rapid changes in the publishing industry. Recently, new publishing models have arisen, such as open access (content available to readers at no charge), hybrid (some combination of print and online content delivery), and early online access to print journal content. At BRN, we have adopted facets of all three of these models over the last few years by providing a fee-based open-access option to authors of already-accepted manuscripts, publishing some supplementary material online to allow authors to present more content, and publishing all manuscripts online ahead of print publication. As with all innovations, there are benefits and drawbacks to all of these, and the models continue to evolve. In this editorial, I will focus on one of the most controversial of the new models, open-access publishing. A relatively recent development, open-access publishing is designed to remove barriers, primarily financial, to the online access of peerreviewed scholarly research. As it has taken hold, the openaccess movement has significantly altered the conventional financial model of many journals. While journal owners historically relied entirely on journal subscriptions and content licenses or advertisements as their revenue base, most openaccess publishing options are fee based, meaning the author pays a fee to have an article published and made available to readers free of charge. The open-access model has been adopted, in some form, by many mainstream publishers such as Sage Publications, for example, the publisher of BRN. However, the availability of this new business model, along with the ease of entry into the field of digital publishing, has led to the launching of myriad new journals, each actively competing for authors and revenue. Some of these new journals, including those introduced by conventional commercial and professional society publishers to augment their journal portfolios, apply the rigorous peer-review practices and standards of scholarly excellence consistent with advances in professional disciplines such as nursing. However, across every academic field, professional discipline, and geographic jurisdiction, we are also seeing the emergence of a new species of publisher whose practices reveal little evidence of editorial or publishing quality. Instead, with profit as the driving force, these ‘‘predatory’’ publishers engage in a range of disturbingly unethical and unscholarly practices. Predatory Motivations and Practices
Using 17O to investigate nitrate sources and sinks in a semi-arid groundwater system

We apply a triple isotope approach for nitrate that utilizes Δ17O as a conservative tracer, in combination with δ18O and δ15N, to assess source/sink dynamics of groundwater nitrate beneath alluvial washes in a semiarid urban setting. Other studies have used δ18O and δ15N to determine nitrate sources and cycling, but the atmospheric δ18O signature can be overprinted by biogeochemical processes. In this study, δ18O and δ15N values of nitrate were coupled with δ17O values of nitrate to quantify atmospheric nitrate inputs and denitrification amounts. Results show generally low groundwater nitrate concentrations (<0.2 mmol/L) throughout the basin; high nitrate concentrations (up to 1 mmol/L) with evidence for some denitrification were detected in areas where effluent was the predominant source of recharge to groundwater. Furthermore, the denitrification was inferred from elevated δ18O and δ15N values which were reinforced by increases in observed δ17O values. Finally, relatively low, but significant atmospheri...
Improving Porosity-Velocity Relations Using Carbonate Pore Types

Summary Occurrence of moldic and vuggy pores, fractures and other pore structures due to diagenesis in carbonate rocks much complicates the relationships between impedance and porosity. Acoustic impedance in carbonates is influenced by factors such as porosity, pore structure/fracture, fluid content, and lithology. Using a frame flexibility factor (γ) derived from a poroelastic model to characterize pore structure in reservoir rocks, we found that its product with porosity could result in a much better correlation with sonic velocity (Vp = A-B*γφ) and acoustic impedance (AI = CD*γφ), where A, B, C and D is 6.60, 3.14, 18.21, and 9.88 respectively for a deep low-porosity carbonate reservoir studied in this paper. These new relationships could also be useful to improve seismic inversion of ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs in other similar environments.
Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality

What difference does it make if the state makes people vote? The question is central to normative debates about the rights and duties of citizens in a democracy, and to contemporary policy debates in a variety of countries over what actions states should take to encourage electoral participation. By focusing on a rare case of abolishing compulsory voting in Venezuela, we show that not forcing people to vote yielded a more unequal distribution of income. Our evidence supports Arend Lijphart’s claim, advanced in his 1996 presidential address to the American Political Science Association, that compulsory voting can offset class bias in turnout and, in turn, contribute to the equality of influence.
Foreign Exchange Rate Determination

Exchange rate determination is very important for financial economists, financial institutions, foreign currency traders, and all professionals in the foreign currency market. This chapter is based on discussions of exchange rate determination on a school of thought, using the asset market approach to solve complex problems. We will explore the different determinants of exchange rates and the theories that deal with its determination. These theories are (a) the monetary approach, divided into the monetarist model (flexible prices) and the overshooting model (sticky prices) and (b) the portfolio balance approach. Other related issues with the exchange rate theories will be discussed, such as efficiency in the foreign exchange market, exchange rate expectations and the “News,” money market and exchange rate, exchange rate and freezing funds risk premium (FFRP), public policies and exchange rate, and lastly, oil prices and Euro-zone debt crisis and exchange rates.
Attenuating the Negative Effects of a Low-Fit Sponsorship: The Role of Concurrent Sponsors

The success of any brand is largely predicated on how distinctive the brand is relative to competitors (Aaker 1996; Keller 1993; 1998). Brands with distinct images are more easily recalled by individuals and represent more attractive relationship partners for consumers (Fournier 1998; Curras-Perez et al. 2009). The clarity of a brand’s positioning is another factor which is important to the success of a brand. Brands which are clearly positioned in the market and convey consistent images garner more favorable attitudes and increased purchase intentions (Simmons and Becker-Olsen 2006). Commercial sponsorship of sports, community events, and non-profit organizations is often used to differentiate brands from competitors and to create distinct brand images (Amis et al. 1999; Cornwell et al. 2001). Research suggests incongruent sponsorships can have adverse effects on the sponsoring brand in terms of brand distinctiveness and clarity of positioning (Fleck and Quester 2007). In practice however, low-fit sponsorships frequently occur when there is no natural fit between sponsor and sponsoring brand. The question addressed in this research is how the adverse effects of a low-fit sponsorship can be attenuated.
The Formation of Arbitrary Stimulus Classes in Matching to Complex Samples

This study assessed whether arbitrary stimulus classes would emerge via elements of complex sample stimuli. College students learned matching to sample (AB-D/AC-E) where D and E forms were selected conditionally upon complex tone/color samples (AB and AC). Unreinforced tests were then given to assess emergent relations among the five sets of stimuli (e.g., A-B, D-B, B-C, B-E, and D-E). The test performances for 14 of 18 subjects were consistent with the experimentally defined stimulus classes. These 14 subjects were also given tests with new F forms as sample elements (Test AF-B). Subsequent testing for emergent relations (e.g., F-D and E-F) showed that the classes were expanded to six members each. the study demonstrated that the relations necessary for arbitrary class formation and expansion may be established without explicit training of each. The procedures permitted an analysis of six-member equivalence classes based on relations among elements of complex samples and their respective comparisons.
Analysis of Temperature Dependent Effects on I–V Characteristics of Heterostructure Tunnel Field Effect Transistors

This paper provides an analysis of the intrinsic factors influencing the temperature dependence of the $I_{d}-V_{ds}-V_{gs}$ characteristics of heterostructure Tunnel FETs based on GaSb/InAs tunneling junctions. The temperature dependence of energy bandgap, quantum confinement energy-shifts, and fermi-level position are quantified. There is significant cancellation among the various effects, such that the overall $I_{d}-V_{ds}- V_{gs} $ characteristics are expected to have remarkably small temperature dependence, of the order of 10 – 20 mV shift in $V_{gs} $ over the temperature range of 0 – 125 °C. Considerations are also discussed for representative extrinsic effects such as trap-assisted tunneling, which affect many experimental devices to a variable extent.
Development of High-Throughput Control Techniques for Tip-Based Nanofabrication

In this chapter, we will discuss recent developments of advanced control techniques for nanoscale precision motion in general and probe-based nanofabrication (PBN) in specific. First, from the control perspective viewpoint, the advantages and challenges in parallel-probe based approach will be discussed to clarify the needs of high-speed PBN, particularly for areas such as nanoscale rapid prototyping and self-assembly based nanomanufacturing using chemical evaporation deposition (CVD). Then secondly, control challenges encountered in high-speed PBN will be discussed to introduce three main approaches to address these challenges: the robust-control based approach, the system-inversion based approach, and the iterative control approach. The basic idea and the main results obtained in these three approaches will be comparatively discussed. We finish our discussion with a few remarks.
Fairy Houses: A Creative Engineering Experience

A common misconception is that neither Engineers nor their projects are creative. We report on a laboratory program for creating educational displays like those in Museums. The program enables students to (1) design and build an edutainment product, (2) gather data to test their product, and (3) interpret their data. The objective of the project is to create an educational experience for users that shows the potential for creativity within the field of Computer Science. The undergraduate participants created an interactive display that teaches two Computer Science concepts. They created an interactive experience for via a Bluetooth connection to an Arduino powered “Fairy House.” Users unravel a story that involves solving riddles via interpreting Morse code. The display has two learning goals. First, players gain an understanding of how to turn code into text. The second is players discover how binary trees speed search tasks. We also had two design goals, any number of people can play, and players can join or leave without interrupting others. Through in-house testing and trial runs, the students determined that this method of interactive learning is useful for teaching new concepts.
New opportunities for heart disease therapeutics

Apoptosis was first introduced into biology in a seminal paper by a group of pathologists studying cell population regulation (1). In this paper, the authors described a form of cell death marked by its singularity, a unique morphology and resolution without apparent “traces” (e.g., inflammation) in the tissue of origin. These features of cell death were contrasted to various forms of cell death by necrosis, due to noxious stimuli leading to cell membrane disruption, swelling, disintegration, cell-content leakage and local inflammation. Featuring prominently in the apoptotic process are the “apoptotic bodies” (fragments of dense DNA surrounded by an apparently intact plasma membrane), DNA condensation and fragmentation (the latter noted as “ladder” when separated on DNA-gel electrophoresis). The apoptosis phenotype has been later on associated with “programmed cell death” (PCD) described first in the nematode, C. elegance, where genetically specified deletions of cells during development followed a highly timed activation of specific genes (ced-3/4) (2). It is now quite common to use apoptosis and PCD interchangeably; in this review, apoptosis represents the cellular phenotype resulting from activation of genomic programs that lead to DNA damage and cell death. The objectives of this review are: a. to highlight the key evidence on apoptosis in human cardiac myocytes; b. review the key stimuli and signal transduction pathways identified in cardiac myocytes; c. discuss the significance of apoptosis in cardiac function and disease; d. suggest potential novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac diseases based on modulation of selected molecular targets in cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Trends in James Baldwin Criticism 2010–13

The acceleration of interest in Baldwin’s work and impact since 2010 shows no signs of diminishing. This resurgence has much to do with Baldwin—the richness and passionate intensity of his vision—and also something to do with the dedicated scholars who have pursued a variety of publication platforms to generate further interest in his work. The reach of Baldwin studies has grown outside the academy as well: Black Lives Matter demonstrations routinely feature quotations from Baldwin; Twitter includes a “Son of Baldwin” site; and Raoul Peck’s 2016 documentary, I Am Not Your Negro , has received considerable critical and popular interest. The years 2010–13 were a key period in moving past the tired old formula—that praised his early career and denigrated the works he wrote after 1963—into the new formula—positing Baldwin as a misunderstood visionary, a wide-reaching artist, and a social critic whose value we are only now beginning to appreciate. I would highlight four additional prominent trends that emerged between 2010 and 2013: a consideration of Baldwin in the contexts of film, drama, and music; understandings of Baldwin globally; Baldwin’s criticism of American institutions; and analyses of Baldwin’s work in conversation with other authors.
Endocardial Unipolar Voltage Maps to Identify Epicardial Circuits During Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Chagasic Cardiomyopathy: When the Pot of Gold May Not Be at the Other End of the Rainbow.

See Article by Soto-Becerra et al Chagas’ disease has become a global concern.1 Endemic in Latin America, where it affects ≈6 million individuals according to the World Health Organization 2015 report.2 The disease has recently spread worldwide because of increasing human migration. It has been estimated that >200 000 individuals were living with the disease in the United States in 2012, most of which were unaware of the diagnosis.3 Up to one third (20%–30%) of individuals develop cardiomyopathy during the chronic stages of the disease, typically 20 to 30 years after initial contact.4 Among these patients, sudden death accounts for 55% to 65% of deaths5 and is usually because of ventricular arrhythmias.3 The relative rate of sudden death as cause of death is even higher in asymptomatic patients in early stages of the disease.6 This results in increased mortality for relatively young patients, both with and without an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: in the first group, mortality is thought to be related to heart failure acutely worsened by frequent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks while in the latter it is secondary to sudden death.7 Given that the natural course of Chagasic cardiomyopathy often includes development of ventricular tachycardia (VT), these patients frequently undergo catheter ablation procedures. Because VT in Chagasic patients characteristically arises from transmural circuits from fibrotic areas located in the …
Helical waves in easy-plane antiferromagnets

Effective spin torques can generate the N\'eel vector oscillations in antiferromagnets (AFMs). Here, it is theoretically shown that these torques applied at one end of a normal AFM strip can excite a helical type of spin wave in the strip whose properties are drastically different from characteristic spin waves. An analysis based on both a N\'eel vector dynamical equation and the micromagnetic simulation identifies the direction of magnetic anisotropy and the damping factor as the two key parameters determining the dynamics. Helical wave propagation requires the hard axis of the easy-plane AFM to be aligned with the traveling direction, while the damping limits its spatial extent. If the damping is neglected, the calculation leads to a uniform periodic domain wall structure. On the other hand, finite damping decelerates the helical wave rotation around the hard axis, ultimately causing stoppage of its propagation along the strip. With the group velocity staying close to spin-wave velocity at the wave front, the wavelength becomes correspondingly longer away from the excitation point. In a sufficiently short strip, a steady-state oscillation can be established whose frequency is controlled by the waveguide length as well as the excitation energy or torque.
Approaches to Quantitation in Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometry is used to measure the fluorescence intensity (FI) from labels bound to antigens present on the surface of T and B cells. The T and B cells are associated with the human adaptive immune system and the amounts of surface antigens, such as CD4, CD8, and CD20, are used for diagnostic purposes. To estimate the number of a specific antigen expressed on the surface, the cells are incubated in a solution containing antibodies specific to that antigen and the antibodies are conjugated to fluorophores that provide the fluorescence signals used to detect the presence of the antibodies on the cell surface. The fluorophore on the antibody, microsphere, or cell is called a label. The antibody gives biological specificity and the fluorophore provides a mechanism for readout. Quantitation of cytometer measurements is accomplished by the comparison of the fluorescence signal of labeled cells with the fluorescence signal of labeled reference microspheres. The fluorescence signals from labeled cells and labeled microspheres are converted to a fluorescence yield (FY) where FY is defined as the product of the number of fluorophores and the fluorophore quantum yield. The comparison of fluorescence provides the basis for an estimate of the number of molecules of equivalent soluble fluorophores (MESF) associated with the labels bound on the cell surface. A procedure is outlined for assigning MESF values to microspheres followed by a demonstration of the assignment of MESF values to microspheres with immobilized R-phycoerythrin. The MESF values are used to obtain an estimate of the antibodies bound to the cell (ABCe). The final step in the quantitation process is the conversion of the ABCe values to an estimate of the number of specific antigens on a surface of a cell. With proper care, the ABCe value may be a good indicator of the total number of specific antigens present on the cell surface. Examples are given of the determination of the number of CD4 and CD20 antigens on lymphocytes. The MESF quantitation strategy has been applied to the calibration of multicolor flow cytometers.
The Case for Integrative Theorizing in Vocational Behavior and Development

Work is central to the economic welfare and the adaptive development and functioning of individuals and societies. Working occupies more of adults’ waking time than any other activity. The pervasiveness of work ensures that virtually no aspect of human functioning is unaffected by it.
Prosody's role in language acquisition and adult parsing.

There has been recent interest in the role of prosody in language acquisition as well as in adult sentence processing. Although the specific questions about prosody asked in these two domains may appear to differ, there are at least three basic issues that they have in common. These include the role of prosody in segmentation (i.e., deciding whether two adjacent sections of speech belong to the same or to different linguistic units), structural bracketing (i.e., discerning structural relations among linguistic units), and the reliability of prosodic cues. Data from both language acquisition and adult parsing research suggest that, although prosody almost certainly plays a role in segmentation, it probably does not aid in bracketing. Research on the reliability of prosodic cues suggest that these are probably more reliable and robust in child-directed than in adult-directed speech registers, raising questions about how child and adult listeners interpret the presence vs. absence of prosodic cues.
Overview of Nitrogen Fixation

The assignment to give an overview of biological N2 fixation implies that we should spend a little time in discussing the history of the subject. It is somewhat over 90 years now since Hellriegel and Wilfarth clearly indicated that biological N2 fixation occurs in leguminous plants. There had been earlier indications of this as evidenced by the long-accepted practice of crop rotation between leguminous and nonleguminous plants. In the 1830’s Boussingault furnished data from his greenhouse and field tests that certain leguminous plants fixed N2 and added nitrogen to the soil. However, this concept was challenged by the careful work of Lawes and Gilbert, and the matter was left in question until it was resolved by Hellriegel and Wilfarth. For many years following their observations, developments in the field of biological N2 fixation were concerned primarily with microbiological and agronomic concepts. The practice of inoculating leguminous plants with bacterial cultures was accepted widely. Only during the last 50 years has there been serious study of the biochemistry of N2 fixation.
Micro Gas Chromatography: An Overview of Critical Components and Their Integration

Among a number of gas analyzers, portable gas chromatography (GC) systems created by the integration of microfabricated components are promising candidates for rapid and on-site analysis of a number of complex chemical mixtures. This Feature provides a snapshot of the progress made in developing micro gas chromatography (μGC) systems in the last 4 decades. In particular, we discuss the development of microfabricated preconcentrators, separation columns, and detectors. Furthermore, we review different stationary phase materials used to coat the separation columns and the major efforts toward the development of an integrated μGC.
Understanding the mechanisms of immune-evasion by lung cancer in the context of chronic inflammation in emphysema

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that constitutes the third leading cause of death worldwide. The presence of COPD is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, even after correction for the risk associated with cumulative tobacco exposure (1). Furthermore, the severity of COPD, as defined by the degree of airflow obstruction or the severity of radiographic emphysema, portends a worse prognosis in patients with lung cancer (2). Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of COPD and lung cancer is rapidly evolving, the underlying mechanisms of the epidemiologic link between COPD and lung cancer remain obscure (3). Accumulating evidence suggests that smoke-induced chronic airway inflammation could serve as a potential link between these two disease processes.
Image Segmentation for Detection of Knee Cartilage

Use of computer science in the field of medical gives the major importance to the world. Hence in the medical field we use the technology in order to help the doctor to diagnose the disease. In this paper we make use of the segmentation technique on the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Images) data to diagnose the osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a knee joint disease and in this paper we are mainly focused on the cartilage degradation i.e., degrading the femur and tibia cartilage. Image Segmentation provides the analysis of the image and extracts the data in order to perform the operation on it. This paper lists out various image segmentation techniques, to perform the segmentation of the knee cartilage from magnetic resonance images (MRI). The segmentation technique by the rough fuzzy c means classifier which provides the degrade in cartilage region and the SVM (support vector Machine) technique is used to classify the degradation cartilage.
Recurrent Gastrointestinal Near-Tetraploid Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Causing Intussusception and Ileal Ulceration

Polyploid karyotypes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are rare and carry a poor prognosis. Extranodal polyploid lymphoma is uncommon. A 71-year-old man with back pain was found to have ileal intussusception. He underwent surgical resection and was diagnosed with DLBCL with a near-tetraploid karyotype. Despite rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone therapy, he developed recurrent disease for which he started a clinical trial. He then developed dark stools from an ileal ulcer due to progressive disease and died 2 weeks later. This is the first reported case of gastrointestinal DLBCL with polyploidy. These karyotypes require attention to extranodal disease and prompt initiation of therapy.
INCA: in-network compute assistance

Current proposals for in-network data processing operate on data as it streams through a network switch or endpoint. Since compute resources must be available when data arrives, these approaches provide deadline-based models of execution. This paper introduces a deadline-free general compute model for network endpoints called INCA: In-Network Compute Assistance. INCA builds upon contemporary NIC offload capabilities to provide on-NIC, deadline-free, general-purpose compute capacities that can be utilized when the network is inactive. We demonstrate INCA is Turing complete, and provide a detailed design for extending existing hardware to support this model. We evaluate runtimes for a selection of kernels, including several optimizations, and show INCA can provide up to a 11% speedup for applications with minimal code modifications and between 25% to 37% when applications are optimized for INCA.
An assessment of two visual survey methods for documenting fish community structure on artificial platform reefs in the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Non-extractive visual survey methods are commonly used to assess a variety of marine habitats. The use of Underwater Visual Census (UVC) by SCUBA divers is predominant; however, remotely acquired video data (e.g., cameras systems, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), submersibles) are becoming more frequently used to acquire community data. Both remote and diver-based surveys are currently used to survey artificial reef habitat in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and have associated error due to inherent method bias. Because survey methods that most accurately document the occurrence and estimated abundance of several important fisheries species are greatly needed in the GOM, we compared data collected on the same days and sites from both Roving Diver Surveys (RDS) and micro-ROV surveys conducted on reefed oil and gas platforms. The combined datasets identified a total of 56 species from 22 families, and there was no significant difference in measured species richness between a comprehensive 30 min ROV survey and RDS. Five species of federally managed fish in the GOM were more frequently detected by ROV, as were the majority of species in the Lutjanid and Carangid families. However, abundance estimates from RDS surveys were up to an order of magnitude greater. Multivariate analyses indicated that method choice affected community composition, with Lutjanids and Carangids driving the differences. These two fish families in particular are subject to method bias, probably due to inflated abundance estimates with RDS, or alternatively, deflated estimates from ROV. Although our ROV surveys more frequently detected important fisheries species and produced conservative abundance estimates, a further examination of species distributions on these high-relief platform reefs is needed to fully determine the most accurate survey method. In addition, the attraction and/or gear avoidance of certain species to underwater vehicles deserves further investigation. Overall, our data indicate these methods are viable but the choice of survey method can have implications for the management of certain species, and that careful consideration of methodology is necessary to most accurately document species of interest.
Left Vertebral Artery to Common Carotid Artery Transposition in a Patient With Bilateral Vertebral Insufficiency: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

Extracranial vertebral artery (VA) atherosclerosis is responsible for 14% to 32% of posterior circulation infarctions.1 In the posterior circulation, narrowing of the VA > 30% is significantly associated with strokes. Subclavian artery (SCA) atherosclerosis can produce subclavian steal. Retrograde VA flow around an occluded SCA decreases blood flow to the posterior circulation and causes vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Flow augmentation to the posterior circulation can be achieved by VA endarterectomy, arterial stenting, VA-common carotid artery (CCA) transposition, or bypass using an interposition graft.2,3 This video illustrates microsurgical revascularization of the proximal VA with VA-CCA transposition. A 58-yr-old man with a prior stroke and chronic right VA occlusion presented with dysarthria and gait instability. Angiographic evaluation confirmed complete midcervical right VA occlusion and left SCA occlusion proximal to VA origin, with subclavian steal. After obtaining patient consent and a failed attempt at endovascular recanalization of the left SCA, a left VA-CCA end-to-side transposition was performed. Neck dissection exposed the left CCA. The thyrocervical trunk served as a landmark to identify the SCA, which was traced proximally to the VA origin. After proximal occlusion, the VA was transected and "fish-mouthed" for end-to-side anastomosis to CCA. An intraluminal, continuous suture technique was used to sew the back walls of this anastomosis. Postoperative computed tomography angiography confirmed bypass patency. Collateral circulation through the thyrocervical and costocervical trunks likely supplied the left arm, and no cerebral, or limb, ischemic symptoms were noted on follow-up. VA-CCA transposition is an uncommon technique for safe and effective revascularization of symptomatic, medically refractory VBI caused by VA occlusion or, as in this case, SCA occlusion with secondary subclavian steal. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Oxygen Therapy for the Critically Ill.

The administration of supplemental oxygen is one of the world’s most used therapies and is a cornerstone of care in the intensive care unit (ICU). The primary rationale is to avoid hypoxemia in pat...
Updates in the Diagnosis and Management of AL Amyloidosis

Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is an insidious progressive disease which results in significant morbidity and inevitable mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. This review will highlight recent developments and summarize critical clinical points and updated practice changes for the clinician in 2020. Comparative analyses of staging systems, updated prognostic tools, and treatment response criteria now allow for improved patient stratification and treatment decisions; the role of minimal residual disease in response assessment is still being assessed. Clinical and genetic predictors for long-term survivors have been highlighted. Standard-of-care front-line bortezomib and the integration of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in the relapsed disease have transformed treatment approach in recent years. Various clinical trials in the pipeline include novel anti-plasma cell therapies and therapies directed against amyloid deposits which promise to further advance the treatment landscape. Diagnosis, response assessment, and treatment paradigms for AL amyloidosis have evolved significantly in the past 15 years, translating into superior outcomes and increased chances of long-term survival for AL amyloidosis.
Recent advances in tunable Raman fir lasers

As new gain media are investigated and new optical pumping conditions are employed, the spectral coverage produced by Raman FIR lasers continues to expand. Concommitant efforts to improve the theoretical modeling are improving our understanding of the laser and contributing to the optimization of its performance.
Linear absorption tomography with velocimetry (LATV) for multiparameter measurements in high-speed flows

We present a linear model for absorption tomography with velocimetry (LATV) to reconstruct 2D distributions of partial pressure, temperature, and streamwise velocity in a high-speed flow. Synthetic measurements are generated by multi-beam tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). The measurement plane is tilted relative to the streamwise direction and absorbance spectra are Doppler-shifted by the gas flow. Reconstruction comprises two stages. First, the thermodynamic state is obtained by reconstructing two or more integrated absorption coefficients and evaluating local Boltzmann plots. Second, the velocity field is directly reconstructed from absorbance-weighted linecenters. Absorbance data are inferred by Voigt fitting and reconstructions are quickly computed by matrix-vector multiplication. Nonlinear parameter combinations, such as the mass flow, are more accurate when computed by LATV than estimates obtained by assuming uniform gas properties along each beam.
The Challenges with Canine Giardia

This chapter reviews the prevalence of Giardia and Giardia Assemblages in people and dogs and the risks that dogs may present as sources of human infection. The review shows that the treatment of dogs with any of the currently available therapeutics given to dogs often do not clear all Giardia from dogs or halt Giardia from repopulating a negative. Humans sometimes host Giardia that is very difficult to clear with therapy. The concern is expressed that the treatment of dogs without clinical signs repeatedly with drugs that are less than perfect is likely selecting for Giardia that will be resistant to treatment remaining in the treated dogs and potentially shared with other dogs. If transmission is occurring in people that comes from dogs and if it is demonstrated that people are infected with resistant canine isolates, it will have a negative impact on the human–animal bond. Therefore, it is suggested that veterinarians give careful consideration to the perceived need to treat all dogs testing positive for Giardia, because it may in the end have serious impacts on the relationship between pet owners, their dogs, veterinarians, and the practitioners of human medicine.
Literate Identity Negotiations and Supportive Teacher Discourse Moves in a Comic Writing Workshop

This article examines students’ identities in teacher–student interactions during an eight-week comic unit within a fourth-grade literacy classroom. Though researchers have increasingly studied how...
Do Americans want ethanol? A comparative contingent-valuation study of willingness to pay for E-10 and E-85

A nationwide contingent-valuation survey of consumer preferences for consumer fuel blends E-10 (a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline for use in standard vehicles) and E-85 (a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline for use in flex-fuel vehicles) was conducted to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) and identify key characteristics driving demand. Results indicate that overall perceptions of ethanol are positive, but ethanol is not the globally-preferred transportation-energy alternative, even among consumers with a positive WTP. Results indicate also that demand for E-85 is more price inelastic than E-10, with this result driven by consumers with no preference for E-10 but strong preferences for E-85. Finally, results also indicate that those consumers who are unsure about the micro-level benefits of E-85 are nonetheless more inclined to pay a premium.
Reservation Prices for Product Portfolios Under Uncertainty: the ICEPORT Approach

This study rests on three premises. Consumers often make choice decisions considering multiple products from one or more categories. Consumers’ levels of uncertainty with product performance or their own preference are nuanced in such portfolio-level situations. Under such uncertainty, extant approaches for reservation price elicitation do not suffice for product portfolios. Building on these premises, the authors propose ICEPORT, an approach for Incentive Compatible Elicitation of reservation prices for product PORTfolios. ICEPORT is able to capture the range in a consumer’s reservation prices for each individual product and combinations of products on offer. An empirical application in the context of root beer and cheese puffs, and a replication involving MLB merchandise, demonstrate the superior predictive performance of ICEPORT over several alternatives. The authors note, among managerial implications of ICEPORT, its potential for improving pricing decisions. Limitations of this study and future research directions are discussed.