cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of androgens in patients with renal failure.

Anabolic steroids have been used for the treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure for more than 25 years. Due to concerns over adverse effects, their use historically has been limited to nandrolone decanoate given to men, usually over age 50, who have intact kidneys. The introduction of epoetin alfa in 1989 has led to reduced androgen use for the treatment of anemia. Nevertheless, there continues to be scientific investigation into the possible role that androgens may play in combination with or as an alternative to erythropoietin. Whether combination therapy will prove to be useful remains to be determined in a large, prospective, randomized trial. There is little likelihood, based on present literature, that androgen therapy alone will replace epoetin alfa in U.S. dialysis units. This topic was addressed recently by the Anemia Work Group of the National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (27). While acknowledging androgen treatment may be less expensive than epoetin alfa, the group stated that the potential risks of primary androgen therapy alone make this form of treatment "unacceptable." The work group did not offer any recommendations on the combined use of erythropoietin and androgens, stating that published data are inconclusive. If future reimbursement policies are changed to include epoetin alfa within a capitated rate, economic incentives may lead to increased use of androgens to achieve targeted hematocrit values. The potential value of anabolic steroids for treating malnutrition in dialysis patients is an intriguing idea. Very little has been done to explore this issue, and this clinical practice has not become widespread nor universally recommended (28). Prospective clinical trials in this area may be warranted as well.
Fabrication of a 35 GHz folded waveguide TWT circuit using rapid prototype techniques

Microfabrication techniques are commonly used to build circuits for millimeter-wave and THz vacuum electron devices. A cost effective solution is becoming available, at least for building prototype circuits intended for cold-testing. Rapid prototyping machines such as 3D printers have advanced to the point that their resolution is below the wavelength of many microwave circuits. This paper reviews the application of this quickly-advancing technology towards waveguide components of vacuum electron devices. The authors use a rapid prototype technique called Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) to “print” sample 35 GHz circuits in metal. Circuits in two different materials (aluminum and chromium cobalt) are printed and cold-tested. The test data shows good agreement with simulation.
Chlorocarbon emission scenarios: Potential impact on stratospheric ozone

Prior analyses of chlorocarbons and their effects on stratospheric ozone have primarily concentrated on examining potential perturbations from two chlorofluorocarbons, CFCl3 (CFC-11) and CF2Cl2 (CFC-12). The purpose of this study is to provide an updated theoretical analysis of the potential effect on ozone due to past and future chlorocarbon emissions. To assess the overall impact from chlorinated emissions on the ozone layer, all chlorocarbons presently thought to be of likely concern are examined. A broad spectrum of scenarios is evaluated in order to provide an envelope including conceivable changes in future chlorocarbon emissions. Results indicate that CFCl2CF2Cl (CFC-113), CH3CCl3, and CCl4 could contribute significantly to predicted changes in total ozone based on their current emission rates.
The behavior of immiscible liquids in space

A demonstration experiment (TV102) was performed on the Skylab 4 mission to illustrate the behavior of immiscible liquids of different densities in zero-gravity. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the rate of coalescence of two well-characterized liquids, Krytox 143 AZ oil and water, after the liquids were finely dispersed by shaking. An analysis of the video-taped data and 35mm color transparencies indicates that all investigated emulsions were stable with only a small amount of observed coalescence for at least 10 hours after mixing, whereas the fluids in the ground-control case separated completely in 10 seconds. This experiment indicates that the coalescence rate was at least .000003 times smaller on Skylab than on earth.
Decreasing the sialidase activity of multifunctional Pasteurella multocida α2–3-sialyltransferase 1 (PmST1) by site-directed mutagenesis

Pasteurella multocida α2–3-sialyltransferase 1 (PmST1) is a multifunctional enzyme which has α2–6-sialyltransferase, α2–3-sialidase, and α2–3-trans-sialidase activities in addition to its major α2–3-sialyltransferase activity. The presence of the α2–3-sialidase activity of PmST1 complicates its application in enzymatic synthesis of α2–3-linked sialosides as the product formed can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Herein we show that the α2–3-sialidase activity of PmST1 can be significantly decreased by protein crystal structure-based site-directed mutagenesis. A PmST1 double mutant E271F/R313Y showed a significantly (6333-fold) decreased sialidase activity without affecting its α2–3-sialyltransferase activity. The double mutant E271F/R313Y, therefore, is a superior enzyme for enzymatic synthesis of α2–3-linked sialosides.
Glycosylation, intraspecies molecular heterogeneity and trans-species activity of mammalian interferons.

Abstract Interferon, a glycoprotein with demonstrated antitumor and antiviral properties, can be obtained from cells of different species and some of these interferons can be effective across species lines. Interpretation of new information provides the raison d'etre of an intergrative model — that the ability to cross, or not cross, species lines lies in the carbohydrate moiety and cross-species biological activity is a property of the polypeptide. When interferon molecules have a defect in glycosylation, limit proteolysis also occurs more readily in biological fluids, further modulating cross-species activity of the polypeptide backbone. While providing the first coherent interpretation of available genetic and biochemical data, the model does not exclude a possible role of differential processing (as between various cell types) of nuclear interferon mRNA transcripts, but this seems unlikely. Apparently, post-translational modification explains both intraspecies interferon molecular heterogeneity as well as the ‘species-barrier’ itself. If this hypothesis is correct, then it should be possible to use animal-derived interferon as the first large scale inexpensive source to treat human diseases. Since interferons may share structural homology with other polypeptides and a common mode of receptor interaction, the hypothesis has wider biomedical interest. Thus, polypeptide hormones may be uncovered in which removal of the sugar prosthetic group results in augmentation of cross-species activity to human.
Malignant potential of small oncocytic follicular carcinoma/Hürthle cell carcinoma: an institutional experience.

Aims Oncocytic follicular carcinoma/Hurthle cell carcinoma (OFCA/HCCA) is a rare tumour of the thyroid gland that can be associated with an aggressive clinical course. Most OFCA/HCCAs are large; however, tumours ≤20 mm can occur. The aim of this study was to report our experience with OFCA/HCCA diagnosed at our institution. Methods and results One hundred and nineteen cases of OFCA/HCCA were included in this study. Data points included age, sex, size of tumour, method of diagnosis, lymph node (LN) status, and clinical follow-up. The cohort included 37 males and 82 females (average age: 55 years). Preoperative fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in 73 (61%) cases. Twenty-five (21%) tumours measured ≤20 mm and 94 (79%) measured >20 mm. Angioinvasion (AI) was present in 48 (40%) cases, and LN metastases (LNMs) in seven (6%) cases; of these, eight (17%) with AI and 1 (2%) with LNMs measured ≤20 mm. Clinical follow-up was available in 74 (62%) cases (range 12–144 months); 13 (17.5%) developed LNMs and six (8%) regional recurrence. Distant metastases (DMs) were seen in 12 (16%) cases. Two cases with DMs and two with LN recurrence measured ≤20 mm. Conclusions Oncocytic follicular carcinoma/Hurthle cell carcinoma (OFCA/HCCA) can present as small (≤20 mm) tumours, and can be associated with AI, LNM, and DM.
SCALING OF IRON AT 500 C

Abstract The oxidation rate constant for iron at 500°C decreases during prolonged periods of oxidation due to loss of contact between oxide and metal. Pores develop at the interface and as the scale does not deform sufficiently to follow the retreating metal surface, transfer of iron into the oxide is interrupted. At areas where good contact is maintained, thicker scale forms in a network of ridges on the oxide and corresponding trenches in the metal. Incontrast to chromium, the weight-gain/time curves and scale structures are the same for specimens prepared by electropolishing or by etching.
A bijective proof of Kadell's conjecture on plane partitions

We give a weight-preserving bijection fromℱ to , whereℱ is the set of all plane partitions whose entries are ≤m and whose entries below ther-th row form a column strict plane partition of typeμ, andℱ the set of all column strict plane partitions of typeμ whose entries are ≤m, and the set of all plane partitions with at mostr rows, whose entries are ≤m. This confirms a conjecture of Kadell.
Depairing critical currents in superfluid 3He

Critical currents in both superfluid /sup 3/He-A and /sup 3/He-B are calculated within a weak coupling model. The Fermi liquid correction is explicitly included. As a by-product we obtain the nonlinear superfluid densities in /sup 3/He-A and /sup 3/He-B, which depend strongly on the current.
Influence of nuclear spin on chemical reactions: Magnetic isotope and magnetic field effects (A Review)

Abstract The course of chemical reactions involving radical pairs may depend on occurrence and orientation of nuclear spins in the pairs. The influence of nuclear spins is maximized when the radical pairs are confined to a space that serves as a cage that allows a certain degree of independent diffusional and rotational motion of the partners of the pair but that also encourages reencounters of the partners within a period which allows the nuclear spins to operate on the odd electron spins of the pair. Under the proper conditions, the nuclear spins can induce intersystem crossing between triplet and singlet states of radical pairs. It is shown that this dependence of intersystem crossing on nuclear spin leads to a magnetic isotope effect on the chemistry of radical pairs which provides a means of separating isotopes on the basis of nuclear spins rather than nuclear masses and also leads to a magnetic field effect on the chemistry of radical pairs which provides a means of influencing the course of polymerization by the application of weak magnetic fields.
Electra: Repetitively Pulsed 700 J, 100 ns Electron Beam Pumped KrF Laser

This paper presents a brief overview of the Electra laser system and report on the most recent results. The laser system consists of an electron beam pumped main amplifier with an aperture of 30times30 cm2, an e-beam pumped 10times10 cm2 pre-amplifier, and a commercial discharge laser serving as the seed oscillator. The main amplifier, currently operated as an oscillator, has demonstrated single shot and rep-rate laser energies exceeding 700 J, with a pulse width of 100 ns at 248 nm. Continuous operation of this laser in an oscillator mode has lasted for more than 2.5 hours without failure at 1 and 2.5 Hz. Tests at higher repetition rates and longer runs are ongoing. The pre-amplifier uses a fast gas Marx, pulse forming lines, a single stage magnetic switch, and transit time isolators and operates with a rep-rate of up to 5 Hz.
Tornado-borne debris impact performance of an innovative storm safe room system protected by a carbon fiber reinforced hybrid polymeric-matrix composite

Abstract A new tornado safe room design is proposed using a recently developed Carbon-fiber reinforced Hybrid Matrix Composite (CHMC), or “CarbonFlex,” to withstand tornado-borne debris impacts. Test results reveal that the new CarbonFlex wall panel has superior impact resistance in comparison to conventional residential construction and some alternative residential tornado-resistant wall panel constructions observed in the literature and identified in the current work. Two CarbonFlex design groups successfully passed the high-debris impact tests at a missile speed of 44.7 m/s (100 mph), corresponding to a ground wind speed tornado of 111.7 m/s (250 mph) while the two other CarbonFlex wall panel designs passed tests at missile speeds of 40.2 m/s (90 mph), corresponding to ground wind speed tornados of 89.4 m/s (200 mph). Additionally, a control group wall panel design that was manufactured using a conventional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), or more precisely a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, indisputably failed two debris missile high-impact tests. The material processing parameters of CarbonFlex, i.e., the matrix thickness, h p , and an intermittent curing time, t c , show to be evidently influential on the impact resistance capability of the CarbonFlex panels where the resistance generally increases with smaller values of t c and with greater values of h p . The merits of using CarbonFlex over conventional building envelop components are quantified via vulnerability assessments of both conventional and the newly developed composite wall panel system under tornado transported debris impacts.
The effect of visual feedback on a digital exercise in a functionally deaf cerebral palsied child

Abstract The present report examines the use of contingent feedback to improve digital performance in a functionally deaf cerebral-palsied child. Contingent and non-contingent feedback were compared in the cerebral palsied child and a normal child. Results are discussed in terms of the effects of contingent sensory feedback on motor functioning.
Nix Nought Nothing: fairy tale or real deal.

Abstract Nix was first described in the heart as the protein product of a differentially expressed mRNA detected by hybridization to a partial cDNA sequence tag on an RNA expression array. Over the subsequent 8 years Nix has become the prototypical transcriptionally-regulated cardiac myocyte “suicide” gene and has been used as a model to interrogate mechanisms of programmed cardiomyocyte death in hypertrophy and heart failure. Nix stimulates conventional apoptosis mediated via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, but emerging evidence indicates that Nix also controls programmed necrosis dependent upon sarcoplasmic reticular–mitochondrial tethering, calcium cross-talk, and the mitochondrial permeability transition. Recent studies have also described Nix labeling of senescent cardiomyocyte mitochondria for autophagic elimination, elucidated a physiological mitochondrial quality control Nix function; so-called “mitochondrial pruning”. This article is part of a special issue entitled “Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.”
Process monitoring in stamping operations through tooling integrated sensing

Abstract This paper introduces a new sensing method for stamping process monitoring based on the measurement of contact pressure distribution across the sheet metal-tooling interface, by means of an array of tooling-integrated force sensors. The role of numeric surface methods in estimating the contact pressure distribution on the sheet metal-tooling interface has been studied through finite element analysis and experiments. A finite element model is set up to model the contact interactions, based on the geometry of a customized stamping test fixture. Discrete samples of contact pressure taken from the FE model have been used to recreate continuous-pressure surfaces based on the Thin Plate Splines (TPS) and Bezier surface algorithms. It is shown that the temporal–spatial contact pressure distribution across the sheet metal-tooling interface can be effectively reconstructed through interpolation using spatially discrete sensor data. Comparison of surface-based pressure estimates with the FEA field solution indicates that the TPS-based method is more accurate than the Bezier method. The effectiveness of the surface modeling scheme is also evaluated experimentally by comparing the net press force calculated from numerical integration of the TPS surfaces with the experimentally measured value under different press speeds. The effectiveness of the new sensing method is further demonstrated by detection of slide misparallelism through analysis of the tooling interface pressure distribution. The study presents a new approach to enhancing process observability in manufacturing operations.
(2-(Diphenylphosphino)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl]tricarbonylmetalates: Supporting Ligands for Reactions at Group VI Metal-Copper Bonds

Salts of [(2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl]tricarbonylmetalates react with CuCl to afford useful intermediates that permit installation of phosphines at copper(I), in a rare instance of nucleophilic attack at heterobimetallic M−Cu bonds without concomitant heterolytic cleavage.
Seasonal and social correlates of fecal testosterone and cortisol levels in wild male muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides).

Fecal testosterone and cortisol levels were analyzed from six wild male muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) over a 19-month period at the Estacao Biologica de Caratinga in Minas Gerais, Brazil, to investigate the hormonal correlates of seasonal sexual behavior and environmental conditions. Group mean testosterone levels based on weekly samples from the six males did not differ between copulatory and noncopulatory periods or between rainy and dry seasons. Cortisol levels did change with copulatory periods, and were significantly higher during the second dry season, when mating continued following an exceptionally heavy rainy season, than during the first dry season, when mating ceased. Males exhibited individual variation in the timing of their hormone shifts relative to their sexual activity, but neither hormone levels nor sexual activity were related to male age. Despite individual differences in the timing of testosterone fluctuations around the onset and offset of the copulatory season, all males exhibited elevated cortisol concentrations following a slight increase in testosterone at the beginning of the copulatory season. Both the lack of significant changes in testosterone levels with the onset of the rainy and copulatory season and the lack of prebreeding increases in cortisol may be related to the low levels of overt aggression displayed by male muriquis over access to mates.
Spin-dependent photoconductivity in undoped a-Si: H

Studies of spin-dependent photoconductivity in a-Si: H are reported. It is shown that, with increasing E.S.R. spin density, the photoconductivity decreases, but its spin dependence increases. The r...
Towards a Methodology for the Quantitative Evaluation of Automotive Architectures

Architecture design is a critical stage of the electronics/controls/software (ECS)-based vehicle design flow. Traditional approaches relying on component-level design and analysis are no longer effective as they do not always allow for the quantitative evaluation of properties arising from the composition of subsystems. This paper presents a system level architecture design methodology that is supported by tools and methods for the quantitative evaluation of key metrics of interest related to timing, dependability and cost. An example of its application to a by-wire system case study is presented, and the challenges faced in its application in the context of the actual development process are discussed
Towards language-based verification of robot behaviors

The management of finite resources is central to many robot behaviors. Some robotic systems must maintain invariants regarding the disposition of feet for balancing, others have grippers for manipulating their environments, while yet others must respect strict rules governing the usage of objects in the environment. Yet the specifics of such resource management responsibilities are almost universally locked behind opaque controllers whose lack of type information greatly impedes rigorous static analysis. We present an application of dependent type theory and linear logic for the static analysis of robot behavior programs that manage both robot and environment state, with a worked assembly task example. This approach offers static, formal guarantees with respect to safety requirements attached to primitive actions, as well as introspection of expected state at each step of a scripted sequence of actions allowing for the automatic generation of dynamic, sensor-based, runtime verification of successful execution.
Total aortic arch replacement in 2013: where do we go from here?

In the last 10–15 years, substantial progress has been made in the surgical treatment of patients who require open repair or replacement of the aortic arch. A number of technological advances have contributed to the improved outcomes. These include better methods of brain and myocardial protection, improved cardiopulmonary bypass circuits, impregnated polyester grafts, use of biological glues, and better identification and management of coagulopathies. Enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology and limitations of hypothermic circulatory arrest has also played a major role in the improved results. Using a variety of techniques, highly satisfactory outcomes have been achieved for patients who require partial (hemi-arch) repair, which requires relatively short periods of circulatory arrest. Total arch replacement has traditionally been associated with higher risks. However, recent reports on total arch replacement from experienced centres document operative mortality rates and stroke rates <10% for both outcomes [1–6]. These studies have included, to a variable extent, patients with acute aortic dissection who required emergent operation (2.4–19% prevalence), and it is well recognized that early mortality and morbidity are increased in this subset of patients. Some form of antegrade cerebral perfusion for brain protection was used for all of the patients in these studies, and there is emerging consensus that this represents the optimal method for brain protection. Spinal-cord ischaemic injury, in the absence of extensive resection of the descending thoracic aorta, has occurred rarely. With the advent of endovascular stent-grafting of the thoracic aorta, alternative methods for management of disorders, involving the aortic arch, have been explored. Hybrid procedures have been developed that consist of transposition of the brachiocephalic arteries, followed by synchronous or metachronous stentgrafting of the aortic arch and adjacent descending thoracic aorta with either an antegrade or retrograde approach. It was hypothesized that this technique would be a safer, less-extensive procedure with less mortality and morbidity than conventional open repair and would be particularly applicable to ‘high-risk’ patients (i.e. those considered to be at substantial risk or noncandidates for open repair).
Drain Entrapment and Titanium to Ceramic Head Deposition Two Unique Complications Following Closed Reduction of a Dislocated Total Hip Arthroplasty

Postoperative dislocation remains one of the most frequent complications following total hip replacement. In this report, a case is presented that illustrates two potential concerns with postoperative dislocation and subsequent closed reduction. The first complication presented in this report is entrapment of a closed drainage system tube in the joint space following closed reduction. The second complication, transfer of metallic debris to a ceramic femoral head from contact with an acetabular shell during closed reduction, was documented by analysis of a femoral head using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. This report emphasizes the need for the surgeon to express caution when relocating a dislocated hip, particularly when a closed drainage system is used postoperatively.
Mycosis fungoides skin lesions contain CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes expressing an activated, MHC‐restricted cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte phenotype

In prior studies, we showed that most CD8+ cells infiltrating skin lesions of CD3+CD4+ mycosis fungoides were CD3+ T-line-age tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) whose overall phenotype was suggestive of MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, their lack of cytotoxic-associated granzyme A mRNA suggested that they might be inactivated CTL precursors. In this study, we used single- and double-label immunohistologic techniques to assess the expression of TlA-1-reactive protein and HLA-DR by these CD8+TIL. Monoclonal antibody TIA-1 recognises a novel family of proteins expressed preferentially by cytotoxic cells, including some that lack grauzyme A. HLA-DR is a marker of T-cell activation. Single-label studies of 32 cases showed that CD8+TIL and TIA-1+ cells constituted a variable minority of the total cellular infiltrate and had a similar distribution. Double-label studies of 14 cases showed that in most instances the aggregate phenotype of the majority of CD8+TIL was CD3+TIA-1+HLA-DR+CD56−CD57−. These findings suggest that many of the CD8+TIL within skin lesions of CD3+CD4+ mycosis fungoides are activated, MHC-restricted CTL.
STEMing the Tide: Using Ingroup Experts to Inoculate Women's Self-Concept in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

Three studies tested a stereotype inoculation model, which proposed that contact with same-sex experts (advanced peers, professionals, professors) in academic environments involving science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) enhances women's self-concept in STEM, attitudes toward STEM, and motivation to pursue STEM careers. Two cross-sectional controlled experiments and 1 longitudinal naturalistic study in a calculus class revealed that exposure to female STEM experts promoted positive implicit attitudes and stronger implicit identification with STEM (Studies 1-3), greater self-efficacy in STEM (Study 3), and more effort on STEM tests (Study 1). Studies 2 and 3 suggested that the benefit of seeing same-sex experts is driven by greater subjective identification and connectedness with these individuals, which in turn predicts enhanced self-efficacy, domain identification, and commitment to pursue STEM careers. Importantly, women's own self-concept benefited from contact with female experts even though negative stereotypes about their gender and STEM remained active.
Web access for elderly citizens

With elderly citizens becoming an increasingly large proportion of the population in many countries, social as well as economic considerations suggest that they must be considered in the development of current and future technologies. This paper addresses issues of Internet access, and discusses a research project designed to make the web more usable by elderly citizens. This project uses a proxy server to transcode web pages according to user-specified preferences and capabilities. Users access web pages as usual, with no specialized hardware required.
Duration of Division-Related Events in Cleaving Sand Dollar Eggs

A minimal mechanism for cytokinesis comprises a stimulus-to-surface contraction, a receptive surface, and a localized surface contractile mechanism. Duration of each is brief and times when they function are predictable. The processes that begin and end the functional period of each component were investigated. Sand dollar blastomeres from the completion of first cleavage to the beginning of fourth cleavage were used. By changing a cell's shape, it was possible to determine whether its capacity to accomplish an activity is restricted to its usual time frame. The first appearance of the furrow was advanced about 5 min by confining the mitotic apparatus in a narrow cytoplasmic cylinder. The period when the mitotic apparatus induces furrowing was prolonged about 18 min by moving the mitotic apparatus in an elongate cell each time the furrow appeared. The period of active furrowing was prolonged to about 21.8 min by pushing the mitotic apparatus close to the cell margin and then stretching the region through which the unilateral furrow must pass. In relation to normal division cycle events, results showed that each event of cytokinesis can operate both before and after its normal active period. Components of the mechanism are capable of functioning for about half the period of the division cycle. Normal timing of events may be determined by geometrical factors and the normal consequences of each activity.
Examination of premenstrual symptoms as a risk factor for depression in postpartum women

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern with prevalence of major and minor depressions reaching 20 % in the first three postpartum months. Sociodemographic and psychopathology correlates of PPD are well established; however, information on the relationship between premenstrual disorders and the development of PPD is less well established. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the role of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)/premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as a risk factor for PPD. Premenstrual symptoms were assessed retrospectively using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) and depression was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). A two-stage screening procedure was applied. In the first stage, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was employed. In the second stage, women endorsing ≥5 symptoms on the PHQ-9 were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, HDRS, and PSST. Hierarchical linear regression showed that history of depression and PMS/PMDD contributed an additional 2 % of the variance (p < 0.001), beyond that of sociodemographic factor effects. The full model accounted for 13 % of the variance in postpartum depressive symptoms. Using logistic regression, a significant association also emerged between PMS/PMDD and PPD (OR = 1.97). The findings of this study suggest that PMS/PMDD is an important risk factor for PPD. Women endorsing a history of PMS/PMDD should be monitored during the perinatal period.
GLC Determination of Strychnine and Brucine in Pharmaceutical Preparations

The quantitative analysis of strychnine and brucine in pharmaceutical preparations is described. Samples are made alkaline and extracted with chloroform. The organic layer is collected and evaporated. The residue is dissolved in an aliquot of the internal standard solution in chloroform. Favorable quantitation has been achieved using papaverine as the internal standard for samples containing both strychnine and brucine. For samples containing strychnine only, brucine may be used. The rapidity and precision of this method represent an improvement over previous assays.
Urbanización, formulación de demandas y sobrecarga del sistema político

La delegacion de peticionarios de la Comunidad “X” ha estado esperando pacientemente por varias horas: siete familias completas, incluyendo ninos inquietos y jefes de familia que le estan quitando t iempo a su trabajo, dirigidos por funcionarios de la Asociacion de mejoramiento de la Comunidad. La antesala de la oficina de un burocrata de gobierno esta llena de docenas de delegaciones similares provenientes de otros barrios de la ciudad. Los peticionarios de la Comunidad “X” son finalmente recibidos. Ellos son invasores de terrenos urbanos y presentan una peticion prolijamente escrita a maquina, firmada virtualmente por todos los residentes de su comunidad, solicitando reconocimiento por parte del gobierno de sus derechos de tenencia de la tierra. Uno de los peticionarios actuando como portavoz del grupo, alega que los titulos de propiedad son esenciales para asegurar una modesta herencia a sus hijos. Mas aun, continua, la seguridad de la tenencia estimula a invertir en la construccion de la vivienda definitiva y en empresas comerciales dentro de la comunidad. El portavoz tambien observa perspicazmente que con los titulos de propiedad los residentes de la comunidad podran empezar a contribuir al gobierno con el pago de impuestos. Para fortalecer la imagen de su comunidad, como merecedora de ayuda gubernamental,
The annual Day of the Dead song contest: musical-linguistic ideology and practice, piratability, and the challenge of scale

Building on research theorizing scale, this article proposes augmentations to existing frameworks that will help illuminate how localities are linked to ‘stranger collectives’ like nations, ethnicities, and global religious ‘communities’. In this case of ethnic revival from Mexico’s Sierra Mazateca, people use new vernacular literacy practices tied to local musical performances as a way of ‘customizing’ modular forms deployed by national and global institutions to manage indigenous difference. People ‘re-imagine’ locality through a localized indigenous literacy that takes templates provided by the Mexican state and the Catholic Church and places them in productive tension with local context: musical properties of the indigenous language Mazatec, locally valued performance practices, and local musical-linguistic ideologies. While this revival movement draws on immanently modular forms, once locally embedded they become ‘unpiratable’, and constitute a new resource for inscribing local belonging. This case suggests the importance of considering linguistic and musical aspects of social context often taken for granted in anthropological investigations of scale. On anthropologies of scale and modularity: ideologies, institutions, indigeneity
New planetary rovers for long-range Mars science and sample return

There are significant international efforts underway to place mobile robots (rovers) on the surface of Mars.
“They live in Lonesome Dove”: Media and contemporary Western Apache place-naming practices

This article treats a place-naming genre among residents of the White Mountain Apache reservation in which people use English-language mass media discourse to name newly constructed neighborhoods on the reservation, usually with humorous effect. It is argued that these names do not represent simple assimilation to mainstream discursive norms. Instead, they represent the deployment of media discourse according to locally defined speech genres and language ideology to comment on social changes brought about by the new housing developments. As a strategy for engaging with the dominant society, these names are acts of community self-definition that confound mainstream expectations for place names generally, and for Native American place names in particular. They celebrate participation in media discourse, but in terms that privilege reservation insiders. Use of these names constitutes the reservation as an interpretive community in which participation is defined not along nationalistic models of citizenship, but in terms of locally established idioms of sociality.I gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research provided by the Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the Phillips Fund for Native American Research of the American Philosophical Society, and the Jacobs Research Fund of the Whatcom Museum. I thank Eva Lupe, Everett Lupe, Leo Cruz, Cline Griggs, Arlene Lupe, Annette Tenejieth, Gary Lupe, and John Welsh for helping me understand the meaning and use of the names. Particular thanks are due to Barbara Johnstone and two anonymous reviewers for Language in Society for suggesting revisions that substantially improved the argument of this article and its articulation with other work in linguistic anthropology. Earlier versions of this article were presented in a session organized by David Samuels at the 2002 annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, to the anthropology departments at Hamilton College and the University of Nevada, Reno; and to the University of Virginia Linguistic Anthropology Seminar. I am grateful for the critical contributions of Dell Hymes, Thomas J. Nevins, David Samuels, Margaret Field, Allexandra Jaffe, Ellen Contini-Morava, Eve Danziger, Phillip Greenfeld, Bonnie Urciuoli, and Charles Kaut. Any shortcomings, of course, are my own.
Pelvic CT angiography: application to blunt trauma using 64MDCT

The evolution of multi-row detector computed tomography (MDCT) technology has resulted in evolving applications of CT angiography (CTA) in the trauma setting. In patients with significant blunt pelvic injuries, the immediate diagnosis and characterization of vascular injuries is of significant import given their morbidity and mortality in this patient population. The application of MDCT technology, specifically 64MDCT, to pelvic CTA is useful in evaluating for potential vascular injuries and may be integrated into admission trauma imaging in order to triage patients with blunt pelvic trauma to appropriate emergent intervention. This paper will discuss the use of pelvic CTA in blunt pelvic trauma and its utility in detecting and characterizing vascular injury, including the differentiation of arterial from venous hemorrhage. Protocol considerations in pelvic CTA using 64MDCT technology will be detailed as well as the integration of pelvic CTA into torso CT trauma protocols.
The miniscule benefit of serial carcinoembryonic antigen monitoring after effective curative treatment for primary colorectal cancer

Abstract Background: Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels have been recommended to detect asymptomatic recurrent colorectal cancer and to facilitate curative additional therapy. This study was designed to investigate the outcome of additional treatment for recurrent cancer in patients undergoing primary colorectal cancer treatment in a specialty center and subsequent relapsing with an elevation in serum CEA. Study Design: Patients treated for their primary cancers at our institution whose followup included CEA monitoring and whose cancers subsequently recurred, were analyzed from a prospective database of almost 1,900 patients. CEA levels of ≥ 5 ng/mL were considered elevated for purposes of treatment results. One hundred sixty-three patients were suitable for analysis. Median followup before and after recurrence was 14 months and 16 months, respectively. Results: Fifty patients were able to undergo complete resection of their recurrence, and 26 of these patients are without evidence of recurrence at last followup. Two-thirds of recurrences were associated with an elevation of CEA; this elevation at recurrence was associated with decreased survival (p Conclusions: Only 17% of patients with recurrent colorectal cancer undergoing potentially curative reresection have an elevated CEA. If we use the denominator of our patient population using an estimated relapse rate of 25–50%, the overall likelihood of CEA-directed curative re-resection confirms early estimates of less than a 5% survival advantage.
Drop‐in security for distributed and portable computing elements

Proposes the use of a special purpose drop‐in firewall/VPN gateway called Sieve, that can be inserted between the mobile workstation and the network to provide individualized security services for that particular station. Sieve is meant to be used like an external modem: the user only needs to plug it in. Its existence is transparent to the user, requiring no modification to the workstation configuration. To function in this role, Sieve has been designed to be compact, low‐cost, requiring little administration or maintenance. Discusses the features and advantages of the system and demonstrates how Sieve was used in various application areas (home, university environment, etc.).
Acute Stress Influences Neural Circuits of Reward Processing

People often make decisions under aversive conditions such as acute stress. Yet, less is known about the process in which acute stress can influence decision-making. A growing body of research has established that reward-related information associated with the outcomes of decisions exerts a powerful influence over the choices people make and that an extensive network of brain regions, prominently featuring the striatum, is involved in the processing of this reward-related information. Thus, an important step in research on the nature of acute stress’ influence over decision-making is to examine how it may modulate responses to rewards and punishments within reward-processing neural circuitry. In the current experiment, we employed a simple reward processing paradigm – where participants received monetary rewards and punishments – known to evoke robust striatal responses. Immediately prior to performing each of two task runs, participants were exposed to acute stress (i.e., cold pressor) or a no stress control procedure in a between-subjects fashion. No stress group participants exhibited a pattern of activity within the dorsal striatum and orbitofrontal cortex consistent with past research on outcome processing – specifically, differential responses for monetary rewards over punishments. In contrast, acute stress group participants’ dorsal striatum and orbitofrontal cortex demonstrated decreased sensitivity to monetary outcomes and a lack of differential activity. These findings provide insight into how neural circuits may process rewards and punishments associated with simple decisions under acutely stressful conditions.
Attitudes and Persuasion

The whole field of advertising is directed at creating good attitudes in us toward products. Attitudes can be defined as favorable or unfavorable dispositions toward a particular person or object, and the favorable side is what marketers are after. In this chapter we look at how attitudes are formed and how they are changed.
The Aurora B kinase in Trypanosoma brucei undergoes post‐translational modifications and is targeted to various subcellular locations through binding to TbCPC1

The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) in animals, consisting of Aurora B kinase and three evolutionarily conserved proteins, plays crucial roles in mitosis and cytokinesis. However, Trypanosoma brucei expresses an unusual CPC consisting of an Aurora-like kinase, TbAUK1, and two kinetoplastid-specific proteins, TbCPC1 and TbCPC2. Despite their essential functions, little is known about the regulation of TbAUK1 and the roles of TbCPC1 and TbCPC2. Here, we investigate the effect of post-translational modification on the activity and spatiotemporal control of TbAUK1, and demonstrate that phosphorylation of two conserved threonine residues in the activation loop of the kinase domain contributes to TbAUK1 activation and function. TbAUK1 is SUMOylated in vivo, and mutation of the SUMO-conjugation site compromises TbAUK1 function. Degradation of TbAUK1 requires two destruction boxes and is mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), whereas degradation of TbCPC1 and TbCPC2 is not dependent on the predicted destruction boxes and is APC/C-independent. Moreover, we determine the domains in CPC subunits that mediate the pairwise interactions, and show that disruption of the interaction impairs the localization of TbAUK1 and TbCPC2 but not TbCPC1. Our results demonstrate the requirement of post-translational modifications for TbAUK1 function and a crucial role of TbCPC1 in mediating TbAUK1 localization.
B-theory old and new: on ontological commitment

The most important argument against the B-theory of time is the paraphrase argument. The major defense against that argument is the “new” tenseless theory of time, which is built on what I will call the “indexical reply” to the paraphrase argument. The move from the “old” tenseless theory of time to the new is most centrally a change of viewpoint about the nature and determiners of ontological commitment. Ironically, though, the new tenseless theorists have generally not paid enough sustained, direct attention to that notion. I will defend a general criterion of ontological commitment and apply it to generate a version of the new tenseless theory of time. I will argue that many of the extant versions of the new tenseless theory of time (specifically, all those which seek to identify tenseless truth-conditions of tensed sentences as a way out of apparent ontological commitment to tensed features of reality) are unsatisfactory because their general criterion of ontological commitment is inadequate. Those versions of the new tenseless theory which are adequate (specifically, those which identify tenseless truthmakers for tensed sentences) actually entail the criterion of ontological commitment that I defend, despite appearances to the contrary.
Rigid Shape Matching by Segmentation Averaging

We use segmentations to match images by shape. The new matching technique does not require point-to-point edge correspondence and is robust to small shape variations and spatial shifts. To address the unreliability of segmentations computed bottom-up, we give a closed form approximation to an average over all segmentations. Our method has many extension, yielding new algorithms for tracking, object detection, segmentation, and edge-preserving smoothing. For segmentation, instead of a maximum a posteriori approach, we compute the ?central? segmentation minimizing the average distance to all segmentations of an image. For smoothing, instead of smoothing images based on local structures, we smooth based on the global optimal image structures. Our methods for segmentation, smoothing, and object detection perform competitively, and we also show promising results in shape-based tracking.
Dosimetric evaluation of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and helical tomotherapy for hippocampal-avoidance whole brain radiotherapy

Background Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a vital tool in radiation oncology and beyond, but it can result in adverse health effects such as neurocognitive decline. Hippocampal Avoidance WBRT (HA-WBRT) is a strategy that aims to mitigate the neuro-cognitive side effects of whole brain radiotherapy treatment by sparing the hippocampi while delivering the prescribed dose to the rest of the brain. Several competing modalities capable of delivering HA-WBRT, include: Philips Pinnacle step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), Varian RapidArc volumetric modulated arc therapy (RapidArc), and helical TomoTherapy (TomoTherapy). Methods In this study we compared these methods using 10 patient datasets. Anonymized planning CT (computerized tomography) scans and contour data based on fused MRI images were collected. Three independent planners generated treatment plans for the patients using three modalities, respectively. All treatment plans met the RTOG 0933 criteria for HA-WBRT treatment. Results In dosimetric comparisons between the three modalities, TomoTherapy has a significantly superior homogeneity index of 0.15 ± 0.03 compared to the other two modalities (0.28 ± .04, p < .005 for IMRT and 0.22 ± 0.03, p < .005 for RapidArc). RapidArc has the fastest average delivery time of 2.5 min compared to the other modalities (15 min for IMRT and 18 min for TomoTherapy). Conclusion TomoTherapy is considered to be the preferred modality for HA-WBRT due to its superior dose distribution. When TomoTherapy is not available or treatment time is a concern, RapidArc can provide sufficient dose distribution meeting RTOG criteria and efficient treatment delivery.