cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An experimental investigation of natural convection in mercury at low grashof numbers

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of natural convection from a uniformly heated, vertical flat plate immersed in mercury. Data were obtained at low Grashof numbers particularly. Temperature profiles about the plate were measured with a copper-constantan thermocouple and the results presented on dimensionless plots. The experimental results deviated from the similarity solution of the boundary layer equations and these deviations are shown to depend on the distance up the plate, the heat flux, and the Nusselt number. A qualitative comparison is made with the predictions of a perturbation analysis. Present experimental data ( Gr ∗ x from 1 to 108) were correlated to give a relationship between Nux and Gr ∗ x and this compared with analytical predictions as well as other correlations ( Gr ∗ x from 104 to 109). Positive deviation of experimental Nux from the theoretical value was estimated to be about 20 per cent at Gr ∗ x = 2 × 10 4 and Pr = 0.024.
Incidence of Federal Social Security Pay Roll Taxes

I. Introduction, 38.— II. Three conflicting views concerning the incidence of employer excise and employee income taxes, 40.— III. The view that the incidence of pay roll taxes is on profits, 43.— IV. The view that the incidence of pay roll taxes is on the consumers of goods and services of the taxed industries, 53.— V. The view that the incidence of pay roll taxes is on wage rates, 57.— VI. Conclusions: pay roll taxes fall principally on wages in the long run, but a minor part will fall on profits. Interest will not be significantly affected, 61.
Temperature dependence of the elastic behavior of structurally disordered metallic superlattices

The structure and elastic properties of superlattices composed of high-angle twist grain boundaries on (100) planes of copper are investigated as a function of both the modulation wavelength and temperature via molecular dynamics simulations. Comparison is made with zero-temperature results, where a stiffening of the Young's modulus normal to the interfaces and a softening of the modulus for shear parallel to the interfaces has previously been observed. The differences between the effects of homogeneous (temperature-induced) and inhomogeneous (interface-induced) structural disorder on the elastic properties is explored. 28 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Infant rats with chronic neonatal isolation experience show decreased extracellular serotonin levels in ventral striatum at baseline and in response to cocaine

Abstract Previously, we demonstrated that the early life stress of neonatal isolation enhances extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in ventral striatum in response to psychostimulants in infant rats. Yet, neonatal isolation does not alter baseline DA levels. DA levels are affected by serotonin (5-HT) and striatal levels of this transmitter are also enhanced by cocaine. Other early life stresses are reported to alter various 5-HT neural systems. Thus, the purpose of this study is to test whether neonatal isolation alters ventral striatal 5-HT levels at baseline or in response to cocaine. Litters were subjected to neonatal isolation (1-h individual isolation/day on postnatal days 2–9) or to non-handled conditions and pups assigned to one of three cocaine doses (0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg) groups. On postnatal day 10, probes were implanted in the ventral striatum. Dialysate samples obtained over a 60-min baseline period and for 120 min post cocaine injections were assessed for levels of 5-HT and its metabolite, 5-HIAA. ISO decreased ventral striatal 5-HT levels at baseline and after cocaine administration but did not alter 5-HIAA levels. These data add to the literature on the immediate effects of early life stress on 5-HT systems by showing alterations in the ventral striatal system. Because serotonergic effects in this neural area are associated with reward and with emotion and affect regulation, the results of this study suggest that early life stress may be a risk factor for addiction and other psychiatric disorders.
Effects of levamisole and imidazole on lymphocyte proliferation and cyclic nucleotide levels.

Abstract Levamisole, an immunopotentiator, was compared to its parent molecule imidazole in its effects on lymphocyte proliferation and cyclic nucleotide levels. Both levamisole and imidazole augment phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, mouse thymocytes and T-cell enriched splenocytes. Both agents increase cyclic GMP levels of T-cell enriched mouse spleen cells with a dose—response curve which closely parallels their effects on proliferation. Both agents lower cyclic AMP levels in these cells. The data are consistent with the interpretation that the immunopotentiation induced by levamisole may result from imidazole-like effects on lymphocyte cyclic nucleotide levels, particularly cyclic GMP.
Modifiziertes PPP-Verfahren zur Berechnung schwacher molekülkomplexe. Einfluss der struktur auf die UV-Spektren von TCNE-Komplexen phenylsubstituierter Äthylene

Zusammenfassung Die CT-Spektren von TCNE-Komplexen phenylsubstituierter Athylene werden fur vier verschiedene Anordnungen der Komponenten zueinander berechnet, um durch Vergleich mit den experimentellen UV-Spektren in Losung zu indirekten Aussagen uber die Struktur derartiger Komplexe zu gelangen. Im Rahmen dieses statischen Strukturmodells konnen die beiden beobachteten CT-Banden durch Absorption aus bevorzugten Anordnungen erklart werden: der Akzeptor befindet sich uber der Doppelbindung (erste Bande) oder uber einem der Benzolringe (zweite Bande). Die Berechnungen werden mit einem modifizierten PPP-Verfahren durchgefuhrt. Die gute Ubereinstimmung mit experimentellen Ergebnissen fur Komplexe and die Komponentenmolekule ist hauptsachlich auf die Verwendung unveranderter intramolekularer Parameter im Komplex and auf die Erhohung der intermolekularen Elektronenabstossungsintegrale (Faktor 1,5 in der Mataga—Nishimoto-Formel) zuruckzufuhren.
Labour in thirteenth‐century Genoa

Thirteenth-century Genoa offers an excellent opportunity for looking at the different demands for labour that shaped life in a Mediterranean port town. The city was one of the half dozen or so most important entrepots in that period, and figured prominently in the crusades and long-distance trade. Genoa attempted to establish a hegemony in the western Mediterranean, and in the east her merchants were active in Constantinople, Acre, and other ports where they offered a stiff challenge to Venetian competitors. At home, this medium-sized city, by thirteenth-century standards, mustered its resources, principally men and ships, and played a larger role on the international stage than its size might at first glance seem to justify. Its thirteenth-century notarial records are among the most important sources for medieval social and economic history, and this body of detailed information in turn can answer questions that in other cities might only be addressed through narrative evidence or conjecture.1
Reaction of atomic hydrogen with crystalline silicon

Abstract The kinetics of the gas-solid reaction of crystalline silicon, Si(111), and atomic hydrogen (thermally generated in a tungsten oven) have been studied by the modulated molecular beam mass spectrometric technique. Volatile silicon tetrahydride, SiH4, and recombined molecular hydrogen were the only reaction products detected from ambient temperature to 1000 K. At room temperature the majority of the incident H atoms recombined on the Si surface and was re-emitted as H2; part of it diffused into the Si lattice; and a small fraction (~3%) reacted to produce SiH4. The etch rate increased with beam intensity but decreased with increasing temperature. The proposed mechanism involves saturation of the surface dangling bonds by H atoms, formation of SiH and SiH2 surface complexes, and reaction of the latter with a weakly-bound mobile overlayer of H atoms. Rate constants characterizing the elementary steps of the mechanism were determined by fitting the model to the data.
IMPACT-INDUCED PERTURBATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR

Abstract Asteroids and comets that are vaporized during hypervelocity impact events can inject large masses of S into the stratosphere where it can potentially affect the radiation budget of the Earth, alter the chemistry of the ozone layer, and eventually be converted to sulfuric acid rain. Relatively small carbonaceous asteroids, 0.3 km in diameter, contain 5 times more S than the entire modern stratosphere and these objects hit the Earth at an average rate of 1 per 10,000 years. Larger impact events, capable of injecting 1015 g of S into the stratosphere, occur at an average rate of 1 per 1 million years. Calculations indicate there is sufficient O and H in the vapor plumes of most impact events to convert the S to sulfuric acid aerosols. If this conversion occurs, then the larger impact events could depress mean surface temperatures by more than 2°C for 3 years or longer.
Style in Poker

Style is the cognitive basis for behavior in game play. This is because mental limits force human beings to act based on reduced rule-sets, which in game parlance are called styles, rather than exhaustive enumeration of options, which in game theory are called strategies. This paper explores the computational underpinnings of style in poker, by analyzing three versions of a two-player game ranging from very simple to rather complex, using theoretical analyses and deterministic calculations. The results show that simple styles derived from commonsense reasoning often closely approximate the Nash equilibrium strategies. Moreover, styles often outperform Nash equilibrium strategies against sub-optimal strategies, and some styles are seen to be nearly maximally super-optimal - i.e., almost equivalent to a player who is perfectly Bayesian. This is an important finding with respect to the practical tradeoff between effort and winnings, because the computational implementation of styles is trivial compared to that of strategies.
Blockade of the erbB2 receptor induces cardiomyocyte death through mitochondrial and reactive oxygen species-dependent pathways

Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase erbB2 (Her2 in humans) is correlated with a poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancers. Treatment with trastuzumab (a monoclonal antibody against erbB2) improves survival; however, it also causes cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that blockade of the erbB2 receptor induces cardiomyocyte death through a mitochondrial pathway that is dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We first showed that levels of erbB2 receptor are significantly decreased in an animal model of ischemic heart disease and in human ischemic cardiomyopathy. We treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with an inhibitory erbB2 antibody to study the mechanism behind the deleterious effects of erbB2 blockade. These cells displayed a dose-dependent increase in ROS production and cell death compared with control IgG-treated cells; these processes were reversed by the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. The effects of erbB2 antibody on both cell death and ROS production were also reversed by cyclosporine A and diazoxide, chemicals that regulate the pro- and anti-apoptotic channels in the mitochondria, respectively. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking Bax and Bak (proteins that mediate cell death through a mitochondrial pathway) were resistant to the deleterious effects of erbB2 antibody. These effects of erbB2 blockade appear to occur through a pathway involving AKT and PKC-α. Our results suggest that erbB2 plays a role in cardiomyocyte survival, and that the deleterious effects of trastuzumab on the heart occur through a mitochondrial pathway and is mediated by ROS production. Manipulation of redox signaling may be beneficial in cancer patients receiving trastuzumab.
Metastatic carcinoma of prostate and bladder causing intestinal obstruction.

Abstract Three well-documented cases of lower genitourinary neoplasms spreading preferentially to the gastrointestinal tract causing obstruction are discussed. This uncommon route of metastatic dissemination is reviewed, and hypotheses and explanations are offered.
Buckling of symmetrically laminated plates with compression, shear, and in-plane bending

A parametric study of the buckling behavior of infinitely long symmetrically laminated anisotropic plates subjected to combined loadings is presented. The loading conditions considered are pure in-plane bending, transverse tension and compression, and shear. Results obtained using a special purpose analysis that is well suited for parametric studies are presented for clamped and simply supported plates. Moreover, results are presented for some common laminate constructions, and generic buckling design charts are presented for a wide range of useful nondimensional parameters.
Global Drought Watch from Space

Abstract Drought is the most damaging environmental phenomenon. During 1967–91, droughts affected 50% of the 2.8 billion people who suffered from weather-related disasters. Since droughts cover large areas, it is difficult to monitor them using conventional systems. In recent years the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has designed a new Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer- (AVHRR) based Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI), which have been useful in detecting and monitoring large area, drought-related vegetation stress. The VCI was derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is the ratio of the difference between AVHRR-measured near-infrared and visible reflectance to their sum. The TCI was derived from the 10.3–11.3-mm AVHRR-measured radiances, converted to brightness temperature (BT). Algorithms were developed to reduce the noise and to adjust NDVI and BT for land surface nonhomogeneity. The VCI and TCI are used to determine...
Effects of News Media and Interpersonal Interactions on H1N1 Risk Perception and Vaccination Intent

The threat of a potential H1N1 pandemic was first reported in April 2009. Unlike the regular seasonal influenza that affects primarily preschool children, pregnant women, and the elderly, young, healthy adults were identified as 1 of the high-risk groups for contracting the H1N1 virus. This study was among the first to explore the impact of influenza communication on college students’ pandemic risk perception and vaccination intent. Study results suggest that news media dependency and risk perception have a positive influence on college students’ vaccination intent.
Prospective memory in schizophrenia: A review

The wide range of psychological and cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia can often affect the level of independence that individuals with schizophrenia can achieve in their lives. Prospective memory (PM), or memory associated with future intentions, has been proposed as a useful indicator of select independent living skills. Currently, there is limited research with regards to prospective memory in schizophrenia. The current review systematically summarizes the literature focusing on prospective memory in schizophrenia and concludes that individuals with schizophrenia exhibited both an impairment in PM when compared to healthy controls and a general lack of awareness regarding these deficits. The existing research also suggests that PM deficits are not related to chronicity of illness or medications associated with schizophrenia. Limited findings suggest that PM deficits in individuals with schizophrenia may be associated with the ability to live independently and instrumental activities of daily living.
Structural and functional correlates of a mutation in the malignant hyperthermia-susceptible pig ryanodine receptor.

Abstract The skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor of malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) pigs contains a mutation at residue 615 that is highly correlated with various abnormalities in the regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ channel activity. In isolated SR membranes the Arg615 to Cys615 ryanodine receptor mutation is now shown to be directly responsible for an altered tryptic peptide map, due to the elimination of the Arg615 cleavage site. Furthermore, trypsin treatment released 86–99 kDa ryanodine receptor fragments encompassing residue 615 from the SR membranes. We conclude that the 86–99 kDa domain containing residue 615 is near the cytoplasmic surface of the ryanodine receptor and likely near important Ca2+ channel regulatory sites.
Closure and homomorphic properties in B∗-algebras via functions which operate

Abstract The object of this paper is to provide an elementary and unified treatment (and extension) of results from Van Casteren [3] and Gardner [7, 9] dealing with linear subspaces of B ∗-algebras which are ¦· s|-closed and linear maps between B ∗-algebras which commute with ¦·¦ or with some other non-affine map, respectively. The arguments involve the well-known technique of equating coefficients from the power series of (1 + z) 1 2 (cf. Forelli [6] and Schneider [14]) and a smoothing device used previously to great effect by Deleeuw and Katznelson [11].
A cluster model representation for the 3-body ground state

Abstract We have considered the representation of the 3-body ground state as a deuteron plus extra particle. Calculations in this model are done in a very approximate way. In particular, the actual Hamiltonian of the system is not diagonalized in any order. The“model” Hamiltonian containing the chosen nuclear correlations is, of course, utilized properly. We present calculations of the magnetic moment and Coulomb radius for the specific model. The latter result, plus that arising from diagonalization of the “model” Hamiltonian and wave function normalization, furnishes a set of three equations. In the analogous intermediate coupling expansion of the ground state, there are an equal number of admixture coefficients to be determined. Basis wave functions in the deuteron and extra particle are given. These are generated by a separable, non-local potential and are particularly well-suited for eventual diagonalization of the actual Hamiltonian through a variational principle.
Development of a database for total antioxidant capacity in foods: a preliminary study

For the first time, a database of the antioxidant capacities of both the lipophilic and hydrophilic components of foods has been developed using the modified oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL) assay and a peroxyl radical generator. For lipophilic components, randomly methylated bcyclodextrin was used as a solubility enhancer. Four representative samples were extracted directly with the hydrophilic solvent (acetone:water:acetic acid, 70:29.5:0.5). Their ORACFL values were similar to that obtained for hydrophilic ORACFL (H-ORACFL) following lipophilic extraction with hexane:dichloromethane (1:1). Lipophilic ORAC values (L-ORACFL) were relatively low compared to H-ORACFL, ranging from 0.1170.06 to 154.7073.58mmol TE/g of fresh or dry weight, whereas H-ORACFL ranged from 1.2370.17 to 175.24710.36mmol TE/g of fresh or dry weight. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was calculated as the sum of the lipophlic and hydrophilic ORACFL values. L-ORACFL as a percentage of TAC ranged from 0.27% to 63.70%. Sampling time during the year significantly influenced lipophilic and/or hydrophilic ORACFL values in some food samples. In order to get an accurate total antioxidant capacity of a given food sample, both lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions need to be measured. Food processing, such as cooking or peeling, need to be considered as additional factors which can introduce variation in antioxidant capacity measurements of foods. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Temperatures reached inside stand-up ultraviolet treatment boxes

Heat generated within ultraviolet treatment units can exacerbate eczema. To document the actual temperature changes within the treatment units, we measured the air temperatures in standard stand-up psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA), narrowband ultraviolet B (UVB), broadband UVB, and combination UVA/UVB cabinets using a thermocouple thermometer. For the latter unit, we also measured the air temperatures with and without ventilation systems, and actual skin temperatures on individuals undergoing light treatment. The air temperatures rose significantly in all the treatment units, more so with PUVA and narrowband UVB boxes, and were highest with the ventilation systems shut off. Skin temperatures also rose significantly, but less dramatically. Ventilation is essential in maintaining comfortable temperatures within ultraviolet treatment units.
The functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons. Part 35. On the intermediates in an FeIII catalase model in pyridine. Relevance to the catalase enzyme

Abstract Ferric chloride in pyridine behaves as an efficient model for the catalase enzyme. It converts H2O2 nearly quantitatively into water and oxygen (2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2). The addition of Ph2S to the model system affords Ph2SO, the amount of which increases with the Ph2S added. The inverse relationship between oxygen and Ph2SO formation proves that there is an intermediate in the model catalase reaction. When di-n-butyl, di-t-butyl and diphenyl sulfides are reacted in pairs in competition for the intermediate a large steric effect of over 600 is found for the di-n-butyl versus di-t-butyl sulfoxide formation. In contrast the same number for per-acid oxidation is 8. It is concluded from this and other evidence that the intermediate is and FeV oxenoid, or equivalent, which reacts competitively with H2O2 to give oxygen and with sulfides to furnish sulfoxides. Comparison is made with the catalase enzyme in water and in water-acetonitrile. An unexpected by-product of this study is an efficient and economic procedure for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides without further significant oxidation to sulfones.
297 PROTEIN KINASE C (PK-C) IN THE DEVELOPING RAT LIVER AND HEART

Ca dependent, phospholipid regulated protein kinase (PK-C) serves a crucial role for receptor activation by substances such as α-adrenergic agonists which stimulate phosphatidylinositol breakdown. Ontogeny of α1-receptors is known to be organ specific and distinct from β-receptors. To assess receptor-protein kinase relationship, ontogeny of PK-C and cAMP dependent protein kinase (PK-A) activities were compared to cytosol from rat liver and heart: Cytosol/particulate ratio of PK-C at 21d fetus were 0.72 & 2.41 for liver and heart and similar to adult. DEAE cellulose column separation of PK-C showed a major and a minor peak, & the minor peak was Ca and phosphatidylserine independent in liver and heart. This pattern did not change with age qualitatively. We conclude that PK-C activity is higher perinatally, its subcellular distribution does not seem to change with age, and it is not correlated with PK-A activity or previously reported α1-receptor density in these organs. We speculate that PK-C is not rate limiting in the receptor activation perinatally.
Flicker-photometric electroretinogram estimates of L:M cone photoreceptor ratio in men with photopigment spectra derived from genetics.

Relative proportions of long-wavelength-sensitive (L) to middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) cones were estimated by use of the flicker-photometric electroretinogram (ERG). It has been demonstrated that a major source of error in estimates of cone proportions from spectral luminosity functions is the known variation in the λmax of the photopigments [Vision Res.38, 1961 (1998)]. To correct for these errors, estimates of cone proportions were derived by use of individualized L-cone spectral sensitivity curves deduced from photopigment gene sequences from each subject. For some individuals this correction made a large difference in the estimated cone proportions compared with the value obtained when a fixed standard L cone was assumed. The largest discrepancy occurred in a man estimated to have 62% L cones (L:M ratio 1.6:1) when a standard L pigment was assumed but a value of 80% L cones (L:M ratio 4:1) when his individualized L-cone spectrum was used. From repeated measurements made with the ERG, it was determined that individual estimates of the relative L-to-M cone contributions, expressed as %L cones, are usually reliable within ∼2%. The average L:M ratio for 15 male subjects was estimated at 2:1 (67% L cones). Previously, a large range of individual variability was reported for L:M ratios obtained from photometry. An unresolved issue concerns how much of the range might be attributed to error. Here efforts have been taken to markedly reduce measurement error. Nonetheless, a large range of individual differences persists. Estimated L:M ratios for individuals ranged from 0.6:1 to 12:1 (40% L to 92% L).
Allelotype of papillary serous peritoneal carcinomas.

Abstract Objective. Papillary serous peritoneal carcinoma (PSPC) is histologically indistinguishable from papillary serous ovarian carcinoma (PSOC) with a similar clinical presentation, yet may differ in its carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of allelic loss and the frequency of p53 mutation by p53 overexpression in PSPC compared to PSOC. Methods. An allelotype analysis of 26 patients with PSPC was performed using 39 microsatellite markers from 25 chromosomal arms. Thirty-seven previously studied patients with PSOC served as the comparison. P53 mutations were detected by immunohistochemical protein overexpression. Results. There was significantly less LOH in PSPC than PSOC. Both the number of chromosomes with LOH and the proportion of tumors with allelic loss were less frequent. Significant LOH, defined as ≥30% of informative tumors having loss at a chromosome locus, was seen on 4 chromosome arms in PSPC: 12p, 17p, 17q, and 18q, compared to 18 arms in PSOC: 4q, 5q, 6p, 6q, 9p, 9q, 12p, 12q, 13q, 15q, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18q, 19p, 19q, 22q, and Xq ( P P = 0.013), and more PSOC tumors had LOH than PSPC tumors, 91% versus 65% ( P = 0.042). P53 overexpression was detected in 80% of PSPC tumors. Conclusions. LOH occurs less frequently in PSPC compared to PSOC. Chromosomal regions with high frequencies of LOH common to PSPC and PSOC, such as 12p, 17p, 17q, and 18q, may harbor tumor suppressor genes important in the carcinogenesis of both malignancies and likely include p53.
Successive two-item same-different discrimination and concept learning by pigeons.

Four pigeons were trained in a successive same/different procedure involving the alternation of two stimuli per trial. Using a go/no-go procedure, two different or two identical color photographs were alternated, with a brief, dark, inter-stimulus interval, on a computer screen for 20 s. Pigeons learned to discriminate between same (S+) and different (D−) sequences with moderate to large contrasts between successive pictures. Analyses of pecking behavior within single trials revealed this discrimination emerged at the earliest possible point in the sequence (i.e. by the presentation of the second item). Pigeons transferred to novel color and gray-scale pictures, and showed savings in tests with novel video stimuli. These results suggest that same/different discrimination and concept formation can be acquired with successively presented pairs of stimuli by pigeons. When combined with results using simultaneous same/different presentations, these findings further support a qualitative similarity among birds and primates in their capacity to judge certain types of stimulus relations. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Inclusive Design in Apparel Product Development for Working Women With Physical Disabilities

Consumers with physical limitations want apparel products and retail environments that work for them. Inclusive design is a framework for developing products to satisfy multiple consumers, regardless of their physical ability. This qualitative study reports on physical limitations and apparel preferences of working women (n = 9) with a variety of limitations. A prototype for a garment was developed, wear-tested, and evaluated using inclusive design criteria. Subsequently, manufacturers (n = 6) were interviewed regarding production and distribution within the existing system. Results indicate that (a) the effect of disability on the body supercedes clinical definition for apparel product development, (b) working women with various disabilities have similar apparel needs, (c) inclusive design can be a successful strategy for product development, and (d) current industry perceptions about disability present the greatest barrier to successful implementation. The researchers conclude that further studies should focus on industry “buy-in” of inclusive design as a framework for product development.
Genome wide screens in yeast to identify potential binding sites and target genes of DNA-binding proteins

Knowledge of all binding sites for transcriptional activators and repressors is essential for computationally aided identification of transcriptional networks. The techniques developed for defining the binding sites of transcription factors tend to be cumbersome and not adaptable to high throughput. We refined a versatile yeast strategy to rapidly and efficiently identify genomic targets of DNA-binding proteins. Yeast expressing a transcription factor is mated to yeast containing a library of genomic fragments cloned upstream of the reporter gene URA3. DNA fragments with target-binding sites are identified by growth of yeast clones in media lacking uracil. The experimental approach was validated with the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the forkhead protein FoxI1 using genomic libraries for zebrafish and mouse generated by shotgun cloning of short genomic fragments. Computational analysis of the genomic fragments recapitulated the published consensus-binding site for each protein. Identified fragments were mapped to identify the genomic context of each binding site. Our yeast screening strategy, combined with bioinformatics approaches, will allow both detailed and high-throughput characterization of transcription factors, scalable to the analysis of all putative DNA-binding proteins.
QSAR of distribution coefficients for Pu(NO3)62- complexes using molecular mechanics

Computer-aided modeling has been very successful in the design of chelating ligands for the formation of selective metal complexes. We report herein preliminary efforts to extend the principles developed for ion-specific chelating ligands to the weaker, more diffuse electrostatic interactions between complex anions and dicationic sites of anion-exchange resins. We present formal- and partial-charge methodologies for determining calculated electrostatic affinity between plutonium(IV) hexanitrato dianions and free analogues of dicationic anion-exchange sites. Both approaches correlate well with empirically-determined distribution coefficients for our bifunctional pyridinium-based resins (0.65<r 2<0.98). This quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) will be useful in the determination of which structural modifications within a select series of bifunctional resins are most likely to be advantageous. Ultimately, we hope to refine this methodology to allow the a priori determination of ion-exchange behavior for a broad class of materials.
Historia del Tahuantinsuyu

Es la narracion mitica de sus inicios y de la legendaria guerra contra peligrosos y numerosos enemigos.
Molecular structure of 5-methyl thiophene acryloyl ethyl thiolester: a vibrational spectroscopic and density functional theory study.

Enzyme-substrate intermediates involving the acyl group 5-methyl thiophene acryloyl (5-MTA) bound to the active site of an enzyme via a sulfur or selenium atom have been characterized by Raman spectroscopy (e.g., J. D. Doran and P. R. Carey, Biochemistry 1996, 35, 12495-12502, and M. J. O'Connor et al., J Amer Chem Soc 1996, 118, 239-240). Raman difference spectra reveal the Raman spectrum of the acyl group in the active site and, in turn, these can be used to probe acyl group conformation and active site forces and interactions. In order to improve the understanding of the relationship between conformational states and vibrational spectra of 5-MTA thiolesters, calculations based on a density functional theory analysis are undertaken for 5-methyl thiophene acryloyl ethyl ester. The calculations provide the precise geometries and energies of rotomers of 5-MTA ethyl thiolester involving rotational isomerism about the C--C single bonds flanking the ethylenic linkage and the S--C bond linking the ethyl group to the sulfur atom. The calculations also provide the vibrational spectrum for each conformer and these predictions are compared with the experimental Raman an IR data for the thiolester in carbon tetrachloride. Modes are identified that can act as conformational markers for isomerism about the C--C and S--C2H5 single bonds. These findings are used to identify the two conformational states giving rise to the Raman spectrum of the 5-MTA-S-enzyme formed by the viral cysteine protease HAV-3C.
Improving Access to the Underserved through Medicaid Managed Care

New York City's Harlem community faces extraordinary health care needs that a failing economy has made more urgent. In an attempt to open lines of access to health care, the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation has implemented a managed care program for Medicaid participants. The program is a team approach to link each Medicaid patient with a primary care physician responsible for coordinating medical services for the patient. We hope the managed care program will help us conserve our dwindling resources while better managing patients' services and improving access to care.
Skin reflectance of Quechua indians: the effects of genetic admixture, sex and age.

The skin reflectance characteristics of a group of Quechua Indians have been described with an emphasis upon the effects of varying degrees of hybridization, sex and age. This group of Peruvian Indians occupied a reflectance range common to that of all other reported groups of South American Indians. Miscegenation with European Whites had a statistically significant although small influence upon skin color. In general males were consistently darker than females on the three body sites measured. A significant darkening on unexposed body areas occurred in both sexes during early adolescence which may have been caused by the high activity level of the pituitary gland at that stage of the growth cycle.
Dying To Be Thin: The Effects of Mortality Salience and Body Mass Index on Restricted Eating Among Women

Following terror management theory, the authors suggest women's striving to attain a thin physique is fueled in part by existential concerns. In three studies, women restricted consumption of a nutritious but fattening food in response to reminders of mortality (mortality salience; MS). When conducted in private (Study 1), this effect was found among women but not men; when replicated in a group setting in which social comparison was likely (Studies 2 and 3), only women who were relatively less successful attaining the thin ideal (i.e., high body mass index; BMI) restricted eating after MS. In Study 3, MS caused high BMI women to perceive themselves as more discrepant from their ideal thinness; this perceived failure mediated the effects of MS and BMI on eating behavior. Findings are discussed from a self-regulatory framework, which considered in the context of pressures for women to be thin, can shed light on health risk behavior.
Design modifications and flight tests to install a GPS antenna on the A-10 aircraft

This paper presents design modifications and flight tests performed because of new technological developments in navigational systems. A Global Positioning System (GPS) which is a satellite based navigation system is integrated in the A-10 Attack Aircraft. As a result, an antenna doubler, an antenna fairing, and an antenna are added to the aircraft. Flight Tests were conducted to ensure the airworthiness of the modification, to evaluate the navigation accuracy of the system, and to evaluate the system as a nonprecision instrument approach aid.
Long-Term Buckling Performance of HDPE Liners

This research examines the long-term performance of high-density polyethylene liners frequently used in rehabilitating pipeline networks. Buckling of two groups of samples—each consisting of 20 steel pipes lined with HDPE liners—was examined in the laboratory. Group A was subjected to a uniform external pressure equal to about one-half of the buckling pressure, determined experimentally in a similar short-term test. Group B was subjected to one-third to one-fourth of this short-term pressure. Most liners in Group A failed (buckled) prematurely before the required ASTM period of 10,000-h. However, all 20 samples in Group B sustained the applied pressure for over 10,000 h. It was concluded that a design safety factor of 3 to 4 should be applied to short-term pressure to establish the long-term resistance of a flexible liner. Changes in the liner pipe volume with time, under the uniform pressure, were also monitored to estimate long-term creep in the HDPE material.
Immunosuppressive factors in porcine vitreous body.

High molecular (designated Sv,>3K) and low molecular (designated Sv, c3K) fractions were prepared by filtration of porcine vitreous extracts through a membrane filter with a molecular weight cut-off of 3,000 daltons. Both fractions inhibited mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes from rat spleen, as determined by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. The inhibitory activity of Sv,>3K was markedly enhanced by acid treatment and abolished almost completely by incubation with anti-tiansfonning growth factor beta (TGF-β) antibody. The major immunosuppressive factor in Sv,>3K was therefore concluded to be TGF-β On the other hand, the inhibitory activity of Sv, 3K and Sv, < 3K were reversi...
Design optimization of a shape memory alloy–actuated robotic catheter:

In this article, we present a method for optimizing the design of a shape memory alloy–actuated robotic catheter. Highly maneuverable robotic catheters have the potential to revolutionize the treat...
The social function of property, land rights and social welfare in Brazil

Attempts to democratize access to land have a long history in Brazil. Although initially focused mainly on the rural sector, in recent decades they have also gained some momentum in the cities. The central notion that has oriented these efforts is the so-called social function of property, which asserts that the right of private ownership includes an obligation to use land in ways that benefit society as a whole. This paper examines the development of this principle in Brazil in terms of both legislation and policy implementation and evaluates the criticisms that have been leveled against attempts to put it into practice. It argues that the social function principle has been extensively integrated into Brazilian legislation, but actual implementation has thus far been modest, especially in the urban sector. These efforts have been criticized on economic, environmental and cost-effectiveness grounds, but none of these criticisms is entirely convincing. Given the marked inequality in landholding in Brazil, the social function continues to be an important tool for enhancing popular welfare.
“This Is About Me”: Feasibility Findings From the Children’s Component of an IPV Intervention for Justice-Involved Families

Two community-based agencies collaborated to create a program for justice-involved female intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors and their children. Our research team conducted a feasibility study of the children's program using an exploratory, multimethod qualitative design with child participants (n = 8), adult participants (n = 18), and providers (n = 7). Analyses determined four key findings: (a) importance of attendance; (b) the need for a flexible, child-driven curriculum; (c) improvement through expression and peer bonding; and (d) the value of specific program content. The findings point to indispensable program elements and enhancement recommendations. Implications for other communities and providers serving IPV-exposed children are described.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and chloral hydrate sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in infants and toddlers: a randomized clinical trial

Summary Background Procedural sedation using chloral hydrate is used in many institutions to improve the quality of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) in infants and young children. Chloral hydrate has limited availability in some countries, creating the need for alternative effective sedatives. Objective The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of two doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine vs oral chloral hydrate sedation for transthoracic echocardiography. Methods This is a randomized, prospective study of 150 children under the age of 3 years with known or suspected congenital heart disease scheduled for transthoracic echocardiography with sedation. Group CH received oral chloral hydrate 70 mg·kg−1, group DEX2 received 2 μg·kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine, and group DEX3 received 3 μg·kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine. Acceptance of drug administration, sedation onset and duration, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, sonographer and parent satisfaction were recorded. Results All patients were successfully sedated for TTE. A second sedative dose (rescue) for failed single-dose sedation was required for 4% of patients after CH, none of the patients after DEX2, and 4% of patients after DEX3. Patients in group CH had an average heart rate decline of 22% during sedation, while group DEX2 decreased 27%, and group DEX3 23% (P = 0.2180). Mean time from administration of the sedative to final patient discharge was 96 min after CH, 83 min after DEX2, and 94 min after DEX3 (P = 0.1826). Conclusion Intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 and 3 μg·kg−1 were found to be as effective for TTE sedation as oral chloral hydrate with similar sedation onset and recovery time and heart rate changes in this study population.
The molecular ‘double-pivot’ mechanism for water oxidation

the arrangement of the metal atoms, their ligation or their precise mode of action. A number of mechanistic proposals have been presented e.g. [l-4], but none have been able to satisfactorily account for all the available EXAFS [5,6], EPR [7,8] and W-Vis data [9, lo]. Recent reviews of this area are available [ 11, 121. The photosynthetic Mn center is capable of cycling between five distinct oxidation levels, labelled So to Sq, with oxygen evolution occurring during the S4 + S,-, transition (eqn. (2)) [ 131. It is
Zeroing in on zoster: A tale of many disorders produced by one virus

While herpes zoster infection has been recognized since antiquity, chickenpox (varicella) was confused with smallpox until the 1800s, when both illnesses became better understood. In the 20th century, varicella zoster virus (VZV) was shown to cause varicella upon primary (first-time) infection and herpes zoster (shingles) after reactivation of latent VZV. Scientific progress over the past 50 years has rapidly advanced the understanding and prevention of disease produced by VZV. Combined imaging and virological studies continue to reveal the protean neurological, ocular and visceral disorders produced by VZV.
Serum triglyceride level - a predictor of complications and outcomes in acute pancreatitis?

Aim. To study serum triglyceride level as a predictor of complications and outcomes in acute pancreatitis. Methods. In this retrospective observational study, 582 patients admitted with acute pancreatitis, who had serum triglyceride levels measured within the first 24 hours, were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of patients with a triglyceride level ≥2.26 mmol/L (group 2) and the control group consisted of triglyceride level of <2.26 mmol/L (group 1). We collected data for baseline demographics, laboratory values, incidence of complications (local and systemic), admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), ICU length of stay, length of total hospital stay, and death in the two groups. Results. A triglyceride level of ≥2.26 mmol/L was found to be an independent predictor of developing altered mental status (: 0.004), pancreatic necrosis (: 0.001), acute respiratory distress syndrome (: 0001), systemic Inflammatory response syndrome (: 0.001), acute kidney injury (: 0.001), hospital length of stay (LOS) (: 0.002), admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (: 0.002), and ICU LOS (: 0.003). Conclusion. A triglyceride level of ≥2.26 mmol/L on admission in acute pancreatitis is an independent predictor of developing local and systemic complications, hospital LOS, admission to ICU, and ICU LOS.
Towards Optimal Link Patterns for Robustness of Interdependent Networks against Cascading Failures

In this work we consider the optimal design of interconnection links for an interdependent system of networks. In contrast to existing literature, we explicitly exploit the information of intra- layer node degrees to design more robust interdependency structure against cascading failures triggered by random attacks. Built on solid mathematical models, we characterize the optimal design for the one-to-one structure, with complete interdependence and partial interdependence. We also extend the study to the one-to-many structure and targeted attack model. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the theoretical results.
Tables of the Inverse Laplace Transform of the Function [Formula: see text].

The inverse transform, [Formula: see text], 0 < β < 1, is a stable law that arises in a number of different applications in chemical physics, polymer physics, solid-state physics, and applied mathematics. Because of its important applications, a number of investigators have suggested approximations to g(t). However, there have so far been no accurately calculated values available for checking or other purposes. We present here tables, accurate to six figures, of g(t) for a number of values of β between 0.25 and 0.999. In addition, since g(t), regarded as a function of β, is uni-modal with a peak occurring at t = tmax we both tabulate and graph tmax and 1/g(tmax) as a function of β, as well as giving polynomial approximations to 1/g(tmax).
Effect of Silicon Exposure on Pyrolysis of Preceramic Polysilazane

Preceramic polysilazane was added to high purity Si powders as a reactive binder during synthesis of reaction bonded Si 3 N 4 parts to improve the defect structures in both the unfired and nitrided parts. This study examined how the presence of Si powder affected the polymer-to-ceramic transformation of the polysilazane. Pyrolysis of both polysilazane and polysilazane+Si samples were characterized by TGA. Also, the gaseous volatiles evolved during pyrolysis were characterized by infrared and mass spectrometry. Results show that between 100- 550°C, silicon powder inhibits the loss of silazane oligomers from the polysilazane. However, for temperatures above 550°C, the weight loss differences between the pure polysilazane and the polysilazane+Si samples were less pronounced. Specific solvents used in the preparation of the polysilazane+Si mixtures affected the quantity and type of species in the volatiles during pyrolysis.
Super-DRIPs: Direct Stock Purchase Through Dividend Reinvestment Plans

Super-DRIPs are dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) which offer the investor the opportunity to buy the initial share of stock directly from the company. About 300 companies currently offer these plans. Although most transactions related to a super-DRIP involve fees of some kind, using a super-DRIP to acquire and manage a stock is less expensive than using a broker. Print and web-based resources for finding information on super-DRIPs are listed and annotated.
PRE-HEART TRANSPLANT ELEVATED GALECTIN-3 LEVELS PREDICT POOR EXERCISE CAPACITY POST TRANSPLANT

Galectin (Gal) -3 is a novel biomarker which reflects cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Elevated Gal-3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The significance of pre-heart transplant (HTx) Gal-3 levels on post-HTx outcomes is unknown. Serum Gal-3 levels were