cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of nutritional condition on spring migration: do migrants use resource availability to keep pace with a changing world?

SUMMARY Because of their reliance on temporally predictable resources across large spatial scales, migratory birds may be especially vulnerable to anthropogenic climate and land-use changes. Although some long-distance migrants appear unable to adjust to phenological shifts on their wintering grounds, several short- and medium-distance migrants appear to have altered the timing and/or distance of their yearly movements to compensate for the environmental effects of global warming. Which environmental cues are responsible for stimulating these adjustments is an unanswered question, although most studies have focused on weather conditions. Here, we present a novel field experiment that demonstrates that an alternative cue, food availability, may be a crucial link between local conditions on the wintering grounds and the timing of spring departure. When we provided dark-eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis ) with an abundant food supply in early spring, we observed an advance in migration, especially among individuals that increased their mass and fat stores in response to the treatment. This finding indicates a simple mechanism by which short-distance migrants may calibrate their migration behavior such that arrival on the breeding grounds and initiation of reproduction are in sync with resource availability.
Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley caldera complex of southern Nevada

The Timber Mountain–Oasis Valley caldera complex lies within a volcanic field in southern Nevada that once covered 11,000 km2. The caldera complex, active from 16 to 9.5 m.y. ago, was the source of nine voluminous rhyolitic ash-flow sheets and numerous smaller rhyolitic tuffs and lava flows. Several centers of basaltic and related volcanism were active before the complex formed, continued around its periphery during caldera activity, and have since overlapped the caldera complex. Extensional normal faulting and perhaps deep-seated right-lateral deformation preceded, accompanied, and followed evolution of the caldera complex and its surrounding volcanic field. The youngest major structure of the complex is the Timber Mountain resurgent caldera, 25 by 30 km across. Several stages of its development can be documented: (1) magmatic insurgence accompanied by gentle tumescence, formation of a ring-fracture zone, and minor rhyolitic volcanism; (2) eruption about 11 m.y. ago of a voluminous ash-flow sheet, caldera collapse during the eruption, and postcollapse caldera infilling by sediments and rhyolite flows; (3) renewed ash-flow eruptions and further caldera collapse; (4) resurgent doming of the cauldron block; and (5) postcollapse rhyolitic volcanism and filling of the caldera by sediments. Only parts of the older calderas are preserved, but they can be interpreted in terms of evolutionary cycles similar to that of the Timber Mountain caldera. Major tectonic intersections appear to have controlled the locations and certain structural features of each major volcanic source area. Differentiation at high crustal levels of the silicic magmas related to the caldera complex produced compositionally zoned ash-flow sheets. High-level differentiation also is represented at most of the basaltic centers of the field. Each caldera cycle probably represents a separate batch of rhyolitic magma that rose high into the crust, differentiated in place, and partly erupted to the surface. Each of these magmas probably rose independently through the crust, but all of them were related ultimately to a single magmagenetic system, as were the basaltic magmas of the field. The silicic magma bodies consolidated to form large shallow granitic plutons, and the caldera complex now overlies a small composite granitic batholith.
Characterization of Chromosome Ends in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa

Telomeres and subtelomere regions have vital roles in cellular homeostasis and can facilitate niche adaptation. However, information on telomere/subtelomere structure is still limited to a small number of organisms. Prior to initiation of this project, the Neurospora crassa genome assembly contained only 3 of the 14 telomeres. The missing telomeres were identified through bioinformatic mining of raw sequence data from the genome project and from clones in new cosmid and plasmid libraries. Their chromosomal locations were assigned on the basis of paired-end read information and/or by RFLP mapping. One telomere is attached to the ribosomal repeat array. The remaining chromosome ends have atypical structures in that they lack distinct subtelomere domains or other sequence features that are associated with telomeres in other organisms. Many of the chromosome ends terminate in highly AT-rich sequences that appear to be products of repeat-induced point mutation, although most are not currently repeated sequences. Several chromosome termini in the standard Oak Ridge wild-type strain were compared to their counterparts in an exotic wild type, Mauriceville. This revealed that the sequences immediately adjacent to the telomeres are usually genome specific. Finally, despite the absence of many features typically found in the telomere regions of other organisms, the Neurospora chromosome termini still retain the dynamic nature that is characteristic of chromosome ends.
Nature of the Carbonyl Stretching Modes in α-Dicarbonyl Compounds—The Pyruvate Series

The infrared and Raman spectra in the carbonyl stretching region have been recorded for a number of molecules of the pyruvate series. The data are compared with previously published data for the oxalate series. Analysis of these spectra indicates that there is little or no electronic interaction between the two unsaturated centers. It is therefore concluded that each carbonyl stretching mode in the infrared spectra of the pyruvate series reflects its own particular functionality.
Electrocardiographic examination of dental patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Cardiac complications and abnormalities associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been well described. The most well-recognized cardiac myopathies in SLE are pericarditis and valvular problems such as verrucous endocarditis. Electrocardiogram (EKG) abnormalities and arrhythmias have also occurred and such individuals may have persistent tachycardia. To determine the prevalence of dental patients with SLE who have these EKG changes, a pilot study was designed in which a group of 13 subjects with SLE underwent EKG monitoring in the clinic. Most of these were patients referred to the oral medicine clinic. A randomly selected group of age-gender matched controls were monitored in an identical manner. All subjects first completed a cardiac screening questionnaire, were comfortably seated, and then monitored. The results indicated that the overall prevalence of EKG abnormalities among the subjects with SLE was 61.5% (n = 8). The most common arrhythmia was supraventricular extrasystoles. These were compared with a control group with a prevalence of 23% (n = 3). Of the 76.9% of the subjects with SLE who reported a positive history of cardiac abnormalities, 80% demonstrated EKG abnormalities as compared with 50% of the control group. Of the subjects with SLE who did not report a previous history, none demonstrated EKG abnormalities as was the same for the control group. These results indicate a high prevalence of EKG abnormalities in dental patients with SLE, especially those with a positive cardiac history.
Eco-Toxicological Effects of Crude Oil Pollution on Rhizophora racemosa G.Mey.

An experiment was conducted in 2008 in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria to evaluate the eco-toxicological effects of crude oil pollution on Rhizophora racemosa seedlings. Five crude oil levels of 0.0, 12.0, 18.0, 24.0, and 30.0% w/w per 1.5 kg of flood soils served as the treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that oil pollution at 18.0, 24.0, and 30.0% significantly affected (p ≤ .05) the seedlings of the test plant in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, collar diameter and root, growth at the 5% probability level when compared with the seedlings grown in the unpolluted soils and those exposed to 12.0% of the oil. Root growth of the seedlings was significantly reduced (p ≤ .05) with increasing oil levels. At 30.0% oil treatment, root hairs were totally absent. The study has established that R. racemosa seedlings tolerated all the crude oil concentrations used. No death was recorded throughout the period although ...
Commentary on: does pathologic response of rectal cancer influence postoperative morbidity after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and total mesorectal excision?

MAGGIORI ET AL present a careful analysis of the effect of pathologic complete response on postoperative outcomes after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for midor low-rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. There are many points of interest for readers of Surgery. Roughly one of five patients with rectal cancer may experience total destruction of their cancer (complete pathologic response) after the administration of preoperative chemoradiation. Because of this, there is an increasing trend of a ‘‘wait-and-see’’ approach in these patients, that is, following these patients clinically without operating upon them. The vigilant surgeon must be prepared to accurately counsel these patients. Just as patients have come looking for laparoscopic or robotic procedures after reading about them in the lay press, many patients are now visiting surgeons offices informed about the possibility of complete response and are trying to negotiate themselves out of an operation. The surgeon must be prepared to have a balanced discussion with these patients. A historical example of complete response was that discovered by Dr. Nigro in his search for an effective neoadjuvant therapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma. Through careful observation, it became apparent that chemoradiation cured many patients, obviating the need for subsequent
Enteric nervous system: functional organization and neurologic implications.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) derives from the neural crest and consists of neurons distributed in two ganglionated plexuses, myenteric and submucosal, located within the walls of the gut. The ENS contains as many neurons as the spinal cord (approximately 80-100 million neurons) and controls intestinal motility and secretion largely independently of influences from the CNS.1–5 The ENS is affected by Lewy body pathology at early stages of PD,6,7 and by many genetic8,9 or immune9,10 neurologic disorders associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the functional and neurochemical organization of the ENS and its involvement in neurologic disorders. There are recent comprehensive reviews on these subjects.3,8,9,11,12 The control of motility and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract depends on both extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation and intrinsic innervation, provided by the ENS. Extrinsic parasympathetic inputs originate in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, which controls primarily the motility of the esophagus and stomach, and the sacral parasympathetic nucleus, which contributes to control of motility of the distal colon and rectum. The prevertebral sympathetic ganglia mediate peripheral reflexes that inhibit motility of the gut. The intrinsic innervation of the gut consists of the ganglia of the ENS, which are grouped into two plexuses: the myenteric plexus (of Auerbach), located between the outer longitudinal and the inner circular muscle layers, and submucosal plexus (of Meissner), located between the circular muscle and the muscularis mucosae (figure).1–4 The ENS controls intestinal motility and secretion largely independently of extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation, although these extrinsic influences have a modulatory role on ENS activity. Neurons of the myenteric plexus control the activity of the smooth muscle of the gut whereas those in the submucosal plexus also regulate mucosal secretion and blood flow. …
Locally Multidimensional Scaling for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction

A data embedding method is introduced to configure global coordinates of data using local distances as input. The method applies classical multidimensional scaling within a neighborhood of each data point. The local models are then aligned to derive global coordinates in order to minimize a residual measure. The residual measure has a quadratic form of resulting global coordinates, which makes the alignment problem solved analytically by using an eigensolver. Experiments show that the method produces less deformed embedding results than locally linear embedding. Variations of the method and possible extensions are also discussed.
A Celebration of the World's Barrier Islands

Orrin H. Pilkey, 2003, Columbia University Press, New York, 400 p. (Hardcover, US $44.95) ISBN: 0-231-11970-4 It's true that many of the world's barrier islands are disappearing, and in many cases human activities are largely to blame. In his new book, A Celebration of the World's Barrier Islands, Orrin Pilkey, who is well known for both his work on barrier islands and his experience in reaching out to the lay public, teams up with a highly effective new partner—artist Mary Edna Fraser. With text by Pilkey and original batiks by Fraser, the duo presents an accessible compilation of what is known about barrier islands throughout the world, while at the same time communicating their vision for barrier island preservation. As the book chronicles, geologists have come to understand that barrier islands are mobile features, responding dynamically to storms and sea level rise in order to survive. But, even casual observations of most inhabited barrier islands reveal that the majority of people today are either unaware of this fact or disinterested in behaving in a manner consistent with it. The preface of A Celebration of the World's Barrier Islands indicates Pilkey and Fraser's shared hope that educating people about barrier islands will lead them to support stronger laws to allow the survival of barrier islands for the enjoyment of future generations. After stating this goal, the authors tell their story of barrier island evolution and science—aptly and objectively demonstrating both the dynamic nature of barrier islands and the realities of human interactions, while, for much of the book, leaving the reader to form his or her own opinions regarding the appropriateness of human activities. A well-crafted prologue provides the reader with an accurate and engaging preview of the book. Here, Pilkey's text provides a glimpse of the different ways people around …
The Value of IT-Enabled Business Process Standardization from the Real Options Perspective

IT-enabled business processes support firm agility, and business process standardization has become an essential part of IT architecture. Business process standardization value partly comes from the real options such projects enable. Drawing from research on real options and IT value, we propose that business process standardization initiatives create real options. We further propose that the value of such IT-enabled real options increases with market volatility, and differs between primary and support business processes. We collected data from the Lexis-Nexis, Compustat and CRSP databases to explore some of these issues. We offer a number of empirical findings: (1) ITenabled business process standardization enhances firm growth potential; (2) the option value of such initiatives is higher when market volatility is higher; and (3) primary business process standardization projects yield greater option value.
Study of Visible Face Recognition Methods Applied to Infrared Spectrum

The face recognition methods originally implemented in the visible spectrum show that the recognition rate will not be necessarily the same as in the infrared spectrum. Such is the case of many visible methods for instance Local Derivative Pattern (LDP), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Gabor Jet Descriptor (GJD) which obtains high performance in visible spectrum but they have not been studied in thermal domain. For that reason the aim of this article is to show the performance of such methods in both spectra using a comparative analysis of current methods for face recognition. In addition, this work shows characteristics in each spectrum indicating their advantages as robustness to illumination and changes in expressions for infrared spectrum and weaknesses as the major use of the face when articulating gestures for the visible spectrum.
Toward the Elimination of Paper Orders

With the adoption of Computerized Patient Order Entry (CPOE), many physicians - particularly consultants and those who are affiliated with multiple hospital systems - are faced with the challenge of learning to navigate and commit to memory the details of multiple EHRs and CPOE software modules. These physicians may resist CPOE adoption, and their refusal to use CPOE presents a risk to patient safety when paper and electronic orders co-exist, as paper orders generated in an electronic ordering environment can be missed or acted upon after delay, are frequently illegible, and bypass the Clinical Decision Support (CDS) that is part of the evidence-based value of CPOE. We defined a category of CPOE Low Frequency Users (LFUs) - physicians issuing a total of less than 10 orders per month - and found that 50.4% of all physicians issuing orders in 3 urban/suburban hospitals were LFUs and actively issuing orders across all shifts and days of the week. Data are presented for 2013 on the number of LFUs by month, day of week, shift and facility, over 2.3 million orders issued. A menu of 6 options to assist LFUs in the use of CPOE, from which hospital leaders could select, was instituted so that paper orders could be increasingly eliminated. The options, along with their cost implications, are described, as is the initial option selected by hospital leaders. In practice, however, a mixed pattern involving several LFU support options emerged. We review data on how the option mix selected may have impacted CPOE adoption and physician use rates at the facilities. The challenge of engaging LFU physicians in CPOE adoption may be common in moderately sized hospitals, and these options can be deployed by other systems in advancing CPOE pervasiveness of use and the eventual elimination of paper orders.
MRI-guided breast interventions

APPLIED RADIOLOGY © n 7 October 2015 7 n APPLIED RADIOLOGY © w .appliedradiol gy.com October 2015 Breast MRI has been well established as the most sensitive modality in breast imaging.1 However, it suffers from limited specificity, with known overlap between the signal intensity and enhancement characteristics of benign and malignant abnormalities, often requiring tissue sampling for definitive diagnosis.2 Second-look sonography is defined as a targeted ultrasound examination that uses lesion features such as size, morphology and location gathered from the concurrent MRI examination to evaluate for a correlative ultrasound lesion. If the MRI-detected lesion can be seen with targeted sonography, biopsy can be performed under ultrasound guidance.3, 4 Although the likelihood of a lesion being malignant has been shown to be higher if it demonstrates a sonographic correlate, reported lesion-detection rates with second-look sonography vary in the literature.5,6 It is important to remember that the lack of a sonographic correlate does not exclude malignancy.6 According to the American College of Radiology (ACR) practice guidelines, MRI-guided breast biopsy is warranted for suspicious lesions, or lesions highly suggestive of malignancy (BI-RADS 4 and 5) that are mammographically and sonographically occult or seen with certainty only on breast MRI. MRI-guided biopsy offers a minimally invasive alternative to surgical excision or open surgical biopsy. Other advantages include reduced morbidity, better cosmetic results and decreased scarring, with comparable accuracy. In addition, percutaneous biopsies are more cost effective, with less time lost from the patient’s normal activities.7 MRI-guided needle localizations provide safe and technically feasible presurgical needle localization, particularly in cases where disease extent is either not demonstrated or larger than demonstrated by sonography and mammography, and in cases of biopsy marking clip migration or lack of clip deployment at MRI-guided biopsy. If a lesion is not technically amenable to MRI-guided breast interventions
The Seventh-Century Prophets in Twenty-first Century Research:

This article surveys major issues addressed in scholarship on Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah since 2000. Researchers have continued attempts to locate these books more precisely within the historical context of the late seventh century bce. Efforts to trace the literary growth of the books have increased following a decrease in diachronic approaches in the 1990s. Redactional analyses have sought new methodological strategies to supplement the limited historical evidence available for tracking literary growth. Several redactional studies overlap with efforts to describe the editorial history of the Book of the Twelve, although resistance to reading the prophets in this context has also emerged in recent studies. Studies employing literary theory and ideological criticism have sought to balance historically oriented interpretation with attention to more existential concerns. A growing pluralism of methods, aims, and results characterizes the study of the seventh-century prophets in the early twenty-first ce...
A Letter of Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil

In the following letter Doin Pedro II appears to the reader as historians most frequently have painted him: a kindly man, a man of simnple tastes, a humble and sincere person, with intellectual gifts not limited to statecraft. Dom Pedro was truly a monarch of unusual talents, and no facet of his personality has beeni more consistently revealed than his love of erudition. Archaeology, philosophy, astronomiiy -these were some of Pedro's favorite studies which caused him, in the search for knowledge, to attend French scientific gatherings and to maintain a wide correspondence with European scholars. Perhaps it may not be amiss to repeat what has been so often stated, that Dom Pedro would have been a teacher had his birth not destined him for another calling. Pedro's undated letter to the Baron Cloquet,1 of the Institute of France, which is hereinafter published, will be received by students as an interesting, and very personal, contribution to the emperor's biography. Dom Pedro may have doted on the empty honors of " Corresponding Member of the Institute of France," as Eca de Queiroz has wittily observed,2 but it is well to remember the better qualities of a sovereign who never seems to have been overpowered by the aura of najesty.
Borrowing for the Public Good The Growing Importance of Tax-Exempt Bonds for Public Charities

The importance of tax-exempt borrowing as a capital source to the nonprofit sector has significantly grown over time. Outstanding tax-exempt bonds issued by nonprofits have risen from an inflation-...
A Component Slope Linear Model for Mixture Experiments

AbstractThe Scheffe linear model and the Cox linear model are two first-order model forms commonly used for analyzing mixture experiment data. In a fitted Scheffe linear model, the coefficient for a mixture component is the predicted response at that pure component (i.e., single-component mixture). In a fitted Cox linear model, the coefficient for a mixture component is the predicted difference in response at that pure component and at a pre-specified reference mixture. An alternative first-order model for mixture experiments, the component slope linear mixture (CSLM) model, is proposed in this article. In a fitted CSLM model, the coefficient for a mixture component is the predicted slope of the linear response surface along the Cox effect direction for that component (where the direction is determined by a pre-specified reference mixture). The CSLM model and methods for fitting it are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the CSLM model, Scheffe linear model, and Cox linear model are discussed. ...
Incidence of Wesmaelia pendula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasite of Male Nabis Species in Arizona

Nabis species are common predators of Lygus species in alfalfa and cotton in southern Arizona, being the most abundant in alfalfa near Tucson in 1970 and 1971 where most of this study took place. (They occur throughout the year there in alfalfa as adults, nymphs, and eggs.) Nabids were collected from alfalfa in the Mesa area in 1972. Telford et al. (1962) found that N. alternatus Parshley is the most common species from Tucson east and that N. americoferus Carayon is the most common species at Yuma and in the Salt River Valley. Werner and Butler (1957) also mentioned these 2 species as common in southern Arizona. N. capsiformis Germar is a rare species that is collected only occasionally in most months of the year. The information presented here concerning Wesmaelia pendula Foerster and other parasites of Nabis was obtained during a study of diapause in Nabis species, during which adult nabids were dissected and inspected internally.
Energetic Performance of Photobioreactors for Algal Cultivation

Microalgae are currently being investigated as a potential fuel crop. For algae to be an energy-efficient fuel crop, cultivation systems and operating conditions that have been optimized for biomass productivity have to be refocused toward energy production. In this work, data from the literature on a variety of algal photobioreactors (PBRs) were compiled to reassess them in terms of biomass productivity per unit energy input to the cultivation process. This assessment showed that PBRs that have been optimized for biomass productivity without considering the energy input did not necessarily perform well in terms of energy efficiency. This review recommends that selection of algal PBRs for energy production should consider optimal geometry for efficient utilization of incident light, and their operation should be based on the optimal sparging rate for efficient mixing to maximize energy efficiency.
Immunization Coverage Survey in Eordos City after Integrated more Vaccines into EPI Since 2009

Objective To understand the immunization status of children Eordos City.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method,using the Epi-data software to process the data using SPSS software statistical analysis.Results Survey of 476 children with BCG,HepB,OPV,DTP and the MCV coverage in 99%.MPV-A and JEV,HepA coverage remains to be further improved.Conclusion Strengthen EPI management and strive to improve children immunization coverage.
Potassium replacement during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Sixty patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with the Travenol 6 L. variflow oxygenator bag and total hemodilution with Ringer's lactate with 5 per cent dextrose were observed for their variances in potassium (K+) levels and the degree of potassium replacement. We have seen that the potassium level drops before CPB bypass in relation to the preadmission to the operating room potassium level. During bypass the level rises and following bypass it once again falls to be preceded by a rise after the first 24 hour postoperative period. During the operative course potassium replacement was seen to vary among patients maintained preoperatively on diuretics and digitalis. Variances were also noted in relation to the length of perfusion—namely, the longer on bypass, the more potassium administered. Also high potassium replacement during CPB promoted spontaneous defibrillation. Potassium replacement from the onset of anesthesia until the end of the first 24 hour postoperative period averaged over 258 mEq. The urinary output averaged over 5,975 ml. and over 344 mEq. of sodium bicarbonate were administered. In view of the many factors that initiate potassium depletion to the patient undergoing CPB high replacement of the cation without exceeding the normal range has been observed to be necessary and beneficial.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Pathobiology to Targeted Therapy

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous type of malignant B cell cancer that occurs in older adults. CLL patients may stay free of cancer symptoms for a long period of time and require no treatment. However, malignant progression of CLL strikes indefinitely in some patients, and such CLL responds poorly to conventional chemotherapies and will eventually acquire chemoresistance. Currently, no efficient therapeutic options are available to prevent or stop CLL from progressing into an uncontrollable chemoresistant stage. CLL thus remains to be a challenging disease that requires research explorations for efficient therapeutic methods. CLL cells harbor gene deletions and mutations that continue to accumulate in the course of disease progression and chemotherapy. While it is difficult to directly correct genetic defects in CLL, we reviewed recent research advancements focusing on several crucial molecular pathways that support the proliferative potential of CLL. Since molecules in these pathways can contribute to proliferation, survival and chemoresistance of CLL, they are potentially useful therapeutic targets. We discussed promising methods that have been developed to target functions of these molecules. Encouraging results emerged from these continuing research efforts have provided a new hope for more efficient treatments and increased survival rates for CLL patients.
Evaluation of the Patient Presenting with a Painful Wrist

Successful treatment of wrist pain secondary to injury or disease is strongly influenced by prompt determination of the correct diagnosis. The authors have found that a systematic, structured approach consisting of a detailed history and a thorough physical examination supplemented with the most appropriate imaging modalities will accurately establish the diagnosis in almost all patients. By assisting the surgeon in diagnosing the cause of wrist pain as quickly as possible, an algorithmic approach can greatly minimize disability, medical costs, and time lost from work.
Transgene Reactivation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derivatives and Reversion to Pluripotency of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. It is now felt that clinical trials should be performed with iPSCs derived with nonintegrative constructs. Numerous studies, however, including those describing disease models, are still being published using cells derived from iPSCs generated with integrative constructs. Our experimental work presents the first evidence of spontaneous transgene reactivation in vitro in several cellular types. Our results show that the transgenes were predominantly silent in parent iPSCs, but in mesenchymal and endothelial iPSC derivatives, the transgenes experienced random upregulation of Nanog and c-Myc. Additionally, we provide evidence of spontaneous secondary reprogramming and reversion to pluripotency in mesenchymal stem cells derived from iPSCs. These findings strongly suggest that the studies, which use cellular products derived from iPSCs generated with retro- or lentiviruses, should be evaluated with con...
CHAPTER 20 – Genetic Mechanisms for Engineering Host Resistance to Plant Viruses

Coat protein (CP)-mediated protection has become the preferred method for protecting transgenic plants against viruses because the technology can be used against a wide range of plant viruses. CP-mediated protection retains similarities to cross-protection. Like cross-protection, the tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) CP-mediated protection breaks down under high concentrations of challenge virus and there seems to be a modest degree of broad-spectrum activity to related tobamoviruses. Although the mechanistic action of cross-protection can be linked to either the RNA or the CP of the protecting virus, the activity of TMV CP-mediated protection corresponds to the presence and amounts of accumulated transgenic CP and not the CP mRNA. CP-mediated protection has been successfully employed against aphid-transmissible and seed-transmissible alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (A1MV). Like TMV CP plants, some A1MV CP plants have a delay in symptom development and some completely escape infection after inoculation with A1MV. The fact that replication is not enhanced by the presence of the A1MV CP suggests that the transgenic CP interferes with an early step in viral infection. A1MV CP-mediated protection breaks down if the challenge inoculum concentration is high, and A1MV CP plants are not resistant to unrelated, heterologous viruses.
Global Planning for Multi-Robot Communication Networks in Complex Environments

In this paper, we consider networks of mobile robots responsible for servicing a collection of tasks in complex environments, while ensuring end-to-end connectivity with a fixed infrastructure of access points. Tasks are associated with specific locations in the environment, are announced sequentially, and are not assigned a priori to any robots. Information generated at the tasks is propagated to the access points via a multihop communication network. We propose a distributed, hybrid control scheme that dynamically grows tree networks, rooted at the access points, with branches that connect robots that service individual tasks to the main network structure. To achieve this goal, the robots switch between different roles related to their functionality in the network. The switching process is tightly integrated with distributed optimization of the communication variables and motion planning in complex environments, giving rise to the proposed distributed hybrid system. Our proposed scheme results in an efficient use of the available robots and also allows for global planning by construction, a task that is particularly challenging in complex environments.
Genetics and Regulation of C1 Metabolism in Methylotrophs

Methylotrophic bacteria are capable of growth on compounds containing no carbon-carbon bonds. Although both aerobic and anaerobic methylotrophs are known, this chapter will focus on two groups of aerobic methylotrophs, the serine cycle Methylobacterium strains, and the methane-utilizing bacteria.
Differences among state court jurisdictions in damages calculations

Wrongful death and personal injury losses occur in all 50 states, as well as in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Yet each jurisdiction has its own history of statute and legal interpretation relating to calculation of those losses. In this chapter, we examine similarities and differences among the states regarding those calculations.
Stability and Hopf bifurcation of a two species malaria model with time delays

We present a mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of two species of malaria with time lags. The model is equally applicable to two strains of a malaria species. The reproduction numbers of the two species are obtained and used as threshold parameters to study the stability and bifurcations of the equilibria of the model. We find that the model has a disease free equilibrium, which is a global attractor when the reproduction number of each species is less than one. Further, we observe that the non-disease free equilibrium of the model contains stability switches and Hopf bifurcations take place when the delays exceed the critical values.
A case report of personal exposures to isoflurane during animal anesthesia procedures

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare personal exposures to isoflurane from participants' breathing zone samples during animal anesthesia procedures by the method of anesthetic gas delivery and the waste anesthetic gas (WAG) control method utilized. WAG control methods included passive scavenging using charcoal canisters, active scavenging using a building vacuum system, and various local exhaust ventilation systems such as laboratory fume hoods and capture hoods. Methods of anesthesia delivery included induction chambers, face masks (also known as nose cones), and intubation. Personal breathing zone samples were collected using 3M 3520 Organic Vapor Diffusion Monitors and submitted to an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 17025 accredited laboratory for analysis.When using face masks and induction chambers as the method of anesthesia delivery, local exhaust ventilation systems were found to be the best WAG control method to mitigate personal exposures to isoflurane. Personal ...
GYVENTOJŲ UŽIMTUMO POKYČIŲ DIFERENCIACIJOS ĮVERTINIMAS LIETUVOS REGIONUOSE

Straipsnyje analizuojama gyventojų užimtumo pokycių diferenciacija salies regionuose įvertinant stebimos situacijos kaitą demografinių procesų kontekste (atsižvelgiant į gyventojų skaiciaus dinamikos teritorinius skirtumus). Remiantis Lietuvos statistikos departamento (toliau – Statistikos departamento) duomenimis ir autorių atliktos analizės rezultatais vertinti gyventojų integracijos į darbo rinką galimybių skirtumai salies regionuose. Atliekant palyginamąją analize pavienių teritorijų lygmeniu, prioritetas teiktas tokiems svarbiems rodikliams kaip užimtumo lygis ir užimtųjų pasiskirstymas pagal ekonomines veiklas. PAGRINDINIAI ŽODŽIAI: regionai, diferenciacija (netolygumai), demografiniai pokyciai, užimtumas, darbo rinka. JEL KLASIFIKACIJA: J11, J21, O18, R11, R58. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v23i3.1586
Hippocampal Subregions Across the Psychosis Spectrum.

Introduction Converging evidence suggests that hippocampal subregions subserve different functions, and are differentially affected by psychosis illness progression. Despite this fact, studies have not often studied subregions cross-sectionally across the psychosis spectrum. Furthermore, little is known about associations between subregion volumes and hippocampus-mediated cognition. Methods A total of 222 participants (61 ultra high risk [UHR], 91 schizophrenia [SCZ], and 70 healthy volunteers) underwent a 3T MRI scan, as well as structured clinical interviews and a cognitive battery. Hippocampal subfield analysis was conducted with Freesurfer. We compared subregion volumes across groups, controlling for age, gender, and intracranial volume. We also examined associations in the UHR and SCZ groups between hippocampal subregion volumes and verbal learning, visual learning, and working memory. Results We found a dose-dependent relationship such that the SCZ group showed significantly greater subfield volume reductions than the UHR group, which in turn showed significantly greater subfield volume reductions than the healthy volunteer group. We also found associations between subregion volume and cognitive performance in the visual memory, verbal memory, and working memory domains. Discussion Our study examined hippocampal subregion volumes cross-sectionally in a large sample across the psychosis spectrum, as well as links with hippocampus-mediated cognitive function. Our findings suggest that hippocampal abnormalities emerge before first psychosis episode onset, and may be etiologically informative.
Function space revenue management: A product bundling approach to hotel function space utilization

This article extends revenue management research into non-traditional hotel operating departments pertaining to convention hotel function space. This research evaluates utilization patterns of mult...
Fairtrade International governance

Fairtrade labeling stakeholders have a long history of disagreeing about many aspects of fair trade labeling. But since they (generally) feel a harmonized, worldwide label is more effective than a multitude of unique systems, stakeholders seek to develop unified strategies despite their disparate preferences. Particularly contentious issues have included: whether or not to certify hired labor groups; who should pay for third-party auditing; and what percentage of composite products must be Fairtrade certified for the product to bear the seal. Because stakeholders hold very different – and very strong – beliefs about these issues, the institutional rules that balance how each stakeholder is able to influence policy-making are extremely important. The question of how to weigh producers’ opinions against the positions of the national labeling initiatives has been a particularly difficult struggle for Fairtrade International.1 Some fair trade scholars and activists have argued that producers have been largely marginalized by the organization’s highest governance bodies and that this arrangement has compromised Fairtrade labeling’s ability to deliver on its promises. But in 2011 the organization announced that it would give producers equal ownership over the label. This chapter compares this new iteration of Fairtrade governance with previous arrangements. It answers the questions: How does Fairtrade International include producers of Fairtrade certified products in its governance bodies? And when producers are included, to what extent do they reflect and represent the broader producer population?2 It argues that today’s governance structure is the most democratic and representative in the organization’s history, even more so than the original Max Havelaar Netherlands label. The chapter proceeds as follows. First a background section positions this analysis in relation to relevant fair trade studies. Next the data and methods section describes the collection and synthesis of over 17000 archival documents and more than 100 interviews with Fairtrade leaders and participants. Then an empirical section describes producers’ participation in Fairtrade International governance from 1988 to 2014. It is presented in five time periods: label creation (1988–1995); label proliferation (1992–1997); label unification and development (1997–2005); producers as members (2005–2011); and producers as equal owners (2011–2014).3 The discussion argues that the new structure could be pivotal in shifting Fairtrade outcomes, and it identifies key variables that shape the policy-making process. Some of the policy-making challenges were generated by Fairtrade International’s extended period of excluding producers, while others are broadly experienced, enduring problems in governance. The chapter closes with suggestions for future research and by emphasizing the value of including marginalized voices in private regulatory regimes.
Framework and results on passive ISAR

An architecture for imaging of airborne moving targets with a fixed passive radar is developed. The core steps in passive radar processing are examined within this framework. The bistatic geometries, signal modulation and bandwidths, and low center frequencies of most passive radar illuminators are considered along with their impact on image formation procedures. The various stages of motion compensation are explained, utilizing target tracking data to aid in estimation of the apparent target rotation. In turn, this enables down- and cross-range scaling for backprojection to a known image projection plane. Thus, the established framework establishes necessary operations for extension to the multistatic imaging case. Finally, experimental results of a digital television passive radar demonstrate the ability to extract cross-range scale information of various airliners using only 6 MHz signal bandwidth.
Instructor Notes for Topic Three: Thinking Techniques

This chapter contains the instructor notes for Topic Three. Participants are invited to recognize thoughts that already support their courage and coping. The session presents some tools for transforming thoughts that increase anxiety. It emphasizes that acceptance—of uncertainty, danger, and existential realities—helps to remind us that having frightening thoughts does not mean that one is “crazy.” Participants are encouraged to recognize supportive messages received in the past, along with those that they already give to others. They are invited to discover perspectives that resonate with personal images and experience and to notice how doing so makes a difference.
Modeling of diffusive gravitational aerosol deposition in CONTAIN

The CONTAIN code is an integrated code for predicting the containment behavior (chemical, physical, and radiological) in a severe accident. It models the thermal hydraulics as well as the aerosol a...
Planning-based integrated decision support systems

This paper describes a system that uses AI planning and representation techniques as the core of a decision support system. The planning technology is supplemented with other AI and non-AI technologies. The overall system and its initial application domain, military operations planning, are described first. We then describe the integration of SIPE-2, a generative planning system, with three independently developed AI systems: a temporal reasoning engine, a case-based force selection module, and a system for scheduling and capacity analysis.
Brain Peptides and the Control of Eating Behavior

Our understanding of brain function has been dramatically enhanced by the discovery of endogenous brain peptides and by subsequent evidence for their role as neuro-transmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones (Krieger, 1983; Palkovits and Brownstein, 1985). This review focuses on an area of research that has benefited greatly from these discoveries, namely, the neurochemistry of eating behavior. Research conducted in this field during the past two decades has clearly demonstrated that food intake is controlled via multiple neurotransmitters in the brain, which are responsive to a complex array of metabolic, hormonal, and neural signals. Initially, the focus of this research was on the brain monoamines, which are now believed to have a critical and diverse role in the normal control of food ingestion (Leibowitz, 1980, 1985, 1986a). More recently, however, significant advances have been made with the brain peptides, which also have an important function in feeding, in part through their interaction with the endogenous monoaminergic system (Morley et al., 1983, 1985; Leibowitz, 1985, 1986a,b).
Simple colony PCR procedure for the filamentous actinobacteria Frankia

Molecular analysis of the filamentous actinobacteria Frankia is laborious because of the slow growth rate and required biomass needed for these techniques. An efficient and simple colony PCR protocol for Frankia was developed that saved time for analysis of any Frankia strains growing on a plate. Previously, it took 5–6 weeks to get the correct size Frankia colonies on plates and then a minimum of 5 weeks of growth in liquid culture for DNA extraction. With this technique, these colonies could be screened after 5–6 weeks of growth by colony PCR. The procedure used a combination of mechanical and heat treatments and required no added buffers or chemicals. Our results demonstrate rapid and efficient PCR.
Outcomes of six-dose high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC-6) as a salvage regimen for patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (RR-AML).

e18508Background: RR-AML is associated with a poor prognosis and long-term survival requires allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). There are limited regimens available to obtain rem...