cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining the role of nationalism in folk theories of language: The case of language complaints in multilingual settings

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the Folk Linguistics agenda by making the case that nationalism comprises one ideological component to folk theories of language. The principle of nationalist diversity, the compulsion to maintain clear boundaries between nationalized things, appears prominently in at least two ways: (1) in response to dissonance between boundaries of nationalized space and nationalized language; and (2) in response to dissonance between the boundaries discerning one linguistic code from another. Both situations rely on individuals apprehending linguistic practices as nationalized icons. This argument will be developed through analytical consideration of four language complaints put forth by nonlinguists in multilingual encounters. This paper opens an underdeveloped area in Folk Linguistics, the study of folk ideologies in recognized border zones. El proposito de este trabajo es contribuir a la agenda de la Linguistica Popular argumentando que el nacionalismo abarca un componente ideologico de las teorias populares de la lengua. El principio de la diversidad nacionalista y la compulsion de mantener limites claros entre cosas nacionalizadas, es muy prominente en al menos dos formas: 1) Como respuesta a la disonancia entre fronteras del espacio nacionalizado y lengua nacionalizada, y 2) Como respuesta a la disonancia entre las fronteras para distinguir un codigo linguistico de otro. Ambas situaciones dependen de individuos que aprenden practicas linguisticas como iconos nacionalizados. Este argumento se desarrollara a traves de la consideracion analitica de cuatro quejas linguisticas presentadas por no linguistas en encuentros multilingues. Este trabajo presenta un area no desarrollada en la Linguistica Popular: el estudio de ideologias en zonas fronterizas.
On the Consensus-Based Application of Fault Localization Techniques

A vast number of software fault localization techniques have been proposed recently with the growing realization that manual debugging is time-consuming, tedious and error-prone, and fault localization is one of the most expensive debugging activities. While some of these techniques perform better than one another on a large number of data sets, they do not do so on all data sets and therefore, the actual quality of fault localization can vary considerably by using just one technique. This paper proposes the use of a consensus-based strategy that combines the results of multiple fault localization techniques, to consistently provide high quality performance, irrespective of data set. Empirical evidence based on case studies conducted on three sets of programs (the seven programs of the Siemens suite, and the gzip and make programs) and three different fault localization techniques suggests that the consensus-based strategy holds merit and generally provides close to the best, if not the best, results. Additionally the consensus-based strategy makes use of techniques that all operate on the same set of input data, minimizing the overhead. It is also simple to include or exclude techniques from consensus, making it an easily extensible, or alternatively, tractable strategy.
Photon tunneling and mode selection due to the absorptive layers

Compared with the well-known electron coherent tunneling phenomenon, the photonic tunneling or mode selection mechanism in a structure with multiple absorptive layers are investigated. Due to the energy loss in the absorptive layers, the photon cannot pass through these barriers with 100% transmission as its electron counterpart. However, it is showed that some peaks appear in the transmission spectrum due to the coherent interference. It is also found that for one kind of transmission peaks, their optical fields form a standing wave pattern along the propagation direction that minimizes the optical loss. The possibility to apply this phenomenon in the optical filter and amplifier design is discussed.
The Standards Movement and The Emperor's New Clothes

Then a small voice called out from the crowd, "But the emperor's notwearing new standards at all; he's wearing old objectives!"According to a classic but uncorroborated fairy tale, a ruler can be per suaded to parade around in the buff if he's made to believe he is wear ing wonderful but invisible garments. The moral of the fable, of course, is that a ruler is not apt to redress his state of undress unless some one forcefully informs him he's naked as a jaybird.
A protein that binds to the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli ilvIH operon.

Abstract The ilvIH operon of Escherichia coli encodes acetohydroxyacid synthase III, an isoenzyme involved in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. Transcription of the ilvIH operon is repressed by growing cells in the presence of leucine (C.H. Squires, M. DeFelice, S.R. Wessler, and J.M. Calvo, J. Bacteriol. 147:797-804, 1981). A protein in crude extracts of E. coli, termed the ilvIH-binding (IHB) protein, bound specifically in vitro to DNA upstream of the ilvIH operon. The binding protein, partially purified by Polymin precipitation, gel filtration, and phosphocellulose chromatography, has a native molecular weight of 43,000 and is composed of two subunits of identical size. As determined by protection against lambda exonuclease and DNase I, the protein binds within a region -190 to -260 relative to the start point of transcription. In addition, the IHB protein binds to a site between positions -100 and -40. The following evidence suggests that binding of this protein to the region upstream of ilvIH is related to the regulation of this operon by leucine. Binding of the IHB protein to the ilvIH regulatory region in vitro was reduced by leucine but not by isoleucine, valine, or threonine. In a mutant strain isolated by M.V. Ursini, P. Arcari, and M. DeFelice (Mol. Gen. Genet. 181:491-496, 1981), transcription was not repressed by leucine. A protein in extracts of this mutant strain bound to the ilvIH regulatory region, but the complex migrated through agarose gels with a mobility different from that of the complex formed by wild-type protein. Furthermore, a concentration of leucine that substantially reduced binding of the wild-type to DNA did not affect binding of the protein from the mutant strain. A simple model consistent with these findings is that transcription from the ilvIH promoter is stimulated by binding the IHB protein to one or more sites upstream of the promoter and that leucine interferes with this binding.
Co-Taverna: A Tool Supporting Collaborative Scientific Workflows

Scientific workflows have become an important instrument for domain scientists to synergistically integrate distributed computations and data to accelerate scientific discoveries. Existing scientific workflow tools, however, only support single scientists to compose scientific workflows in a desktop application. Nowadays, many scientific research projects are becoming increasingly larger scale, requiring that multiple research partners with different expertise collaborate from distributed organizations. Therefore, there is a critical need of a collaborative scientific workflow tool that supports domain scientists to cooperatively design, compose, annotate, execute, monitor, and manage scientific workflows over the Internet in both synchronous and asynchronous modes. This research reports the design and development of our preliminary version of a collaborative scientific workflow tool based on an open-source, single-user tool Taverna. We present our study of the role-organization-based access control technique over collaborative scientific workflow composition.
DNS Simulation of Erosive Burning in Planar Periodic Rockets

We examine the combustion response of a flame anchored to two 1/4-spaces of solid fuel and oxidizer, a configuration relevant to the combustion of heterogeneous solid propellants. A time-periodic shear flow is applied to model the shear that can be generated by the presence of acoustics or turbulence in a rocket chamber. To estimate the magnitude and frequency of the shear for the case of a turbulent flow, we present DNS results of a planar periodic rocket, a configuration that has its roots in a multiscale analysis. Such a configuration allows for the determination of the shear parameters as functions of motor geometry and downstream location. The response of the flame to this shear, the heat flux to the surface, and the burning rate are calculated numerically. Significant enhancement to the burn rate, commonly known as erosive burning, is found.
Analysis of laparoscopy in trauma.

Abstract Background: The optimum roles for laparoscopy in trauma have yet to be established. To date, reviews of laparoscopy in trauma have been primarily descriptive rather than analytic. This article analyzes the results of laparoscopy in trauma. Study Design: Outcome analysis was done by reviewing 37 studies with more than 1,900 trauma patients, and laparoscopy was analyzed as a screening, diagnostic, or therapeutic tool. Laparoscopy was regarded as a screening tool if it was used to detect or exclude a positive finding (eg, hemoperitoneum, organ injury, gastrointestinal spillage, peritoneal penetration) that required operative exploration or repair. Laparoscopy was regarded as a diagnostic tool when it was used to identify all injuries, rather than as a screening tool to identify the first indication for a laparotomy. It was regarded as a diagnostic tool only in studies that mandated a laparotomy (gold standard) after laparoscopy to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopic findings. Costs and charges for using laparoscopy in trauma were analyzed when feasible. Results: As a screening tool, laparoscopy missed 1% of injuries and helped prevent 63% of patients from having a trauma laparotomy. When used as a diagnostic tool, laparoscopy had a 41% to 77% missed injury rate per patient. Overall, laparoscopy carried a 1% procedure-related complication rate. Cost-effectiveness has not been uniformly proved in studies comparing laparoscopy and laparotomy. Conclusions: Laparoscopy has been applied safely and effectively as a screening tool in stable patients with acute trauma. Because of the large number of missed injuries when used as a diagnostic tool, its value in this context is limited. Laparoscopy has been reported infrequently as a therapeutic tool in selected patients, and its use in this context requires further study.
Nanofibers and nanoparticles from the insect-capturing adhesive of the Sundew ( Drosera ) for cell attachment

The search for naturally occurring nanocomposites with diverse properties for tissue engineering has been a major interest for biomaterial research. In this study, we investigated a nanofiber and nanoparticle based nanocomposite secreted from an insect-capturing plant, the Sundew, for cell attachment. The adhesive nanocomposite has demonstrated high biocompatibility and is ready to be used with minimal preparation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) conducted on the adhesive from three species of Sundew found that a network of nanofibers and nanoparticles with various sizes existed independent of the coated surface. AFM and light microscopy confirmed that the pattern of nanofibers corresponded to Alcian Blue staining for polysaccharide. Transmission electron microscopy identified a low abundance of nanoparticles in different pattern form AFM observations. In addition, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the presence of Ca, Mg, and Cl, common components of biological salts. Study of the material properties of the adhesive yielded high viscoelasticity from the liquid adhesive, with reduced elasticity observed in the dried adhesive. The ability of PC12 neuron-like cells to attach and grow on the network of nanofibers created from the dried adhesive demonstrated the potential of this network to be used in tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications. This discovery demonstrates how a naturally occurring nanofiber and nanoparticle based nanocomposite from the adhesive of Sundew can be used for tissue engineering, and opens the possibility for further examination of natural plant adhesives for biomedical applications.
Synergism in hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes: role of PPAR gamma and tempol

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hyperglycemia cause diabetic cardiomyopathy by inducing oxidative stress and attenuating peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. However, their synergistic contribution is not clear. Diabetic Akita (Ins2+/-) and hyperhomocysteinemic cystathionine beta synthase mutant (CBS+/-) were used for M-mode echocardiography at the age of four and twenty four weeks. The cardiac rings from WT, Akita and hybrid (Ins2+/-/CBS+/-) of Akita and CBS+/- were treated with different doses of acetylcholine (an endothelial dependent vasodilator). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for determining plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level in the above groups. Akita was treated with ciglitazone (CZ) - a PPAR gamma agonist and tempol-an anti-oxidant, separately and their effects on cardiac remodeling were assessed. At twenty four week, Akita mice were hyperglycemic and HHcy. They have increased end diastolic diameter (EDD). In their heart PPAR gamma, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) and anti-oxidant thioredoxin were attenuated whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, TIMP-3 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were induced. Interestingly, they showed synergism between HHcy and hyperglycemia for endothelial-myocyte (E-M) uncoupling. Additionally, treatment with CZ alleviated MMP-9 activity and fibrosis, and improved EDD. On the other hand, treatment with tempol reversed cardiac remodeling in part by restoring the expressions of TIMP-3,-4, thioredoxin and MMP-9. Endogenous homocysteine exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating PPAR gamma and inducing E-M uncoupling leading to diastolic dysfunction. PPAR gamma agonist and tempol mitigates oxidative stress and ameliorates diastolic dysfunction in diabetes.
InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattices for mid-wave infrared detectors

Investigation of growth and properties of InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattices, identified as ternary strained layer superlattices (ternary SLSs), is reported. The material space for the antimony-based SLS detector development is expanded beyond InAs/InAsSb and InAs/(In)GaSb by incorporating Ga into InAs. It was found that this not only provides support for strain compensation but also enhances the infrared (IR) absorption properties. A unique InGaAs/InAsSb SLS exists when the conduction band of InGaAs aligns with that of InAsSb. The bandgap of this specific InGaAs/InAsSb SLS can then be tuned by adjusting the thickness of both constituents. Due to the enhanced electron-hole wavefunction overlap, a significant increase in the absorption coefficient was theoretically predicted for ternary SLS as compared to current state-of-the-art InAs/InAsSb SLS structures, and an approximately 30%–35% increase in the absorption coefficient was experimentally observed. All the samples examined in this work were des...
Interculturalidade, Negociação de Saberes e Educação Teológica: Contribuições da Teologia Feminista

Este artigo utiliza o referencial epistemologico da teologia feminista para abordar interculturalidade, negociacao de saberes e educacao teologica. Diante dos desafios da pos-modernidade, qual e a tarefa da teologia? Usando a imagem do quebra-cabeca, o texto enfatiza o pensamento complexo, onde teologias contextuais e emergentes dao uma contribuicao inedita para o fazer teologico.
The Effect of Food Restriction and Germ-free Environment on Age-Related Changes in Bone Matrix

Studies were performed to determine the effects of food restriction or a germ-free environment on age-related changes in bone. Four groups of male Lobund-Wistar rats were examined at 6 months, 18 months, and 30 months of age. Conventional-free-fed rats were housed in routine laboratory cages and fed ad libitum. Conventional-restricted diet rats were fed 12 grams a day, which becomes restrictive at 8 weeks of age. Germ-free rats were maintained using gnotobiotic procedures and were free of pathogens. The germ-free rats were maintained on either the full-fed or restricted diet regimens. Serum bone Gla protein and matrix concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and hydroxyproline (reflecting collagen content) and bone Gla protein were not significantly different between the four treatment groups. All of these parameters except hydroxyproline, however, showed age-related declines in all four treatment groups. We conclude that prolongation of rat life span by dietary restriction and/or a germ-free environment did not alter the measured parameters in each age group, and did not alter or slow the age-related changes in the bone matrix.
Eight Myths About Causality and Structural Models

Causality was at the center of the early history of Structural Equation Models (SEMs) which continue to serve as the most popular approach to causal analysis in the social sciences. Through decades of development critics and defenses of the capability of SEMs to support causal inference have accumulated. A variety of misunderstandings and myths about the nature of SEMs and their role in causal analysis have emerged and their repetition has led some to believe they are true. Our paper is organized by presenting eight myths about causality and SEMs in the hope that this will lead to a more accurate understanding. More specifically, the eight myths are: (1) SEMs aim to establish causal relations from associations alone, (2) SEMs and regression are essentially equivalent, (3) No causation without manipulation, (4) SEMs are not equipped to handle nonlinear causal relationships, (5) A potential outcome framework is more principled than SEMs, (6) SEMs are not applicable to experiments with randomized treatments, (7) Mediation analysis in SEMs is inherently noncausal, and (8) SEMs do not test any major part of the theory against the data. We present the facts that dispell these myths, describe what SEMs can and cannot do, and briefly present our critique of current practice using SEMs. We conclude that the current capabilities of SEMs to formalize and implement causal inference tasks are indispensible; its potential to do more is even greater.
Standardized test scores as an admission requirement.

OBJECTIVE: The usefulness of standardized test scores as an admission requirement for the University of Washington Medical Technology Program (UWMTP) was evaluated. Scores from the Allied Health Professions Admissions Test (AHPAT) were used. DESIGN: Student data (n = 183) were analyzed and evaluated statistically using Pearson correlation and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Sensitivity and specificity for several admissions criteria were calculated. SETTING: The UWMTP is a 2 + 2 medical technology program (MTP) located in a large public university. PARTICIPANTS: Student records for classes of 1993 through 2000 were reviewed. Eligibility for inclusion was based on completeness of student record. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Several admission criteria were analyzed for their ability to predict success in the UWMTP and on the ASCP Board of Registry (BOR) certification examination, and for their sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Pearson correlations for the AHPAT total score were r = 0.402 with the MTP GPA and r = 0.414 with the BOR exam. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis defined the decreased likelihood of failure for each unit increase in the test score. For the MTP GPA, the risk decrease was 0.8% for the AHPAT total and 2.8% for the Biology subtest. For the BOR exam, the risk decrease was 0.8% for the AHPAT total and 2.8% for the Verbal subtest. The admissions criteria selected based on specificity (26.7%) and maximum sensitivity (100%) was one in which the student must achieve at least two of the following three scores: AHPAT total ≥150, Biology subtest score ≥10, Verbal subtest score ≥5. CONCLUSIONS: Scores on a standardized test can be used to predict success in a MTP and on the ASCP BOR exam. ABBREVIATIONS: AHPAT = Allied Health Professions Admission Test; BOR = American Society of Clinical Pathology Board of Registry exam; Cox = Cox proportional hazards regression; Cum GPA = cumulative GPA; FN = false negative; FP = false positive; GPA = grade point average; MTP = medical technology program; NCA = National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel; Sci GPA = science GPA; Sn = sensitivity; Sp = specificity; TN = true negative; TP = true positive; UWMTP = University of Washington Medical Technology Program
Risk Factors for Infection After Knee Arthroscopy: Analysis of 595,083 Cases From 3 United States Databases

Purpose To identify and quantify patient- and procedure-related risk factors for post-arthroscopic knee infections using a large dataset. Methods An administrative health care database including 8 years of records from 2 large commercial insurers and Medicare (a 5% random sample) was queried to identify all knee arthroscopies performed on patients aged at least 15 years using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Each CPT code was designated as a high- or low-complexity procedure, with the former typically requiring accessory incisions or increased operative time. Deep infections were identified by a CPT code for incision and drainage within 90 days of surgery. Superficial infections were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision infection codes without any record of incision and drainage. Patients were compared based on age, sex, body mass index, tobacco use, presence of diabetes, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results A total of 526,537 patients underwent 595,083 arthroscopic knee procedures. Deep postoperative infections occurred at a rate of 0.22%. Superficial infections occurred at a rate of 0.29%. Tobacco use and morbid obesity were the largest risk factors for deep and superficial infections, respectively ( P P Conclusions Post-arthroscopic knee infections were more frequent among morbidly obese patients, tobacco users, patients undergoing relatively complex procedures, men, obese patients, diabetic patients, relatively young patients, and patients with increased comorbidity burdens in this study population. This knowledge may allow more informed preoperative counseling, aid surgeons in patient selection, and facilitate infection prevention by targeting individuals with higher inherent risk. Level of Evidence Level IV, cross-sectional study.
Nonlinear-nonquadratic optimal and inverse optimal control for stochastic dynamical systems

In this paper, we develop a unified framework to address the problem of optimal nonlinear feedback control for nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems. Specifically, we provide a simplified and tutorial framework for stochastic optimal control and focus on connections between stochastic Lyapunov theory and stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory. In particular, we show that asymptotic stability in probability of the closed-loop nonlinear system is guaranteed by means of a Lyapunov function which can clearly be seen to be the solution to the steady-state form of the stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, and hence, guaranteeing both stochastic stability and optimality. In addition, we develop optimal feedback controllers for affine nonlinear systems using an inverse optimality framework tailored to the stochastic stabilization problem. These results are then used to provide extensions of the nonlinear feedback controllers obtained in the literature that minimize general polynomial and multilinear performance criteria.
Comparison of cytokine responses between dogs with sepsis and dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

Abstract Cytokine abnormalities have been described previously in dogs with varied immune mediated and inflammatory conditions such as IMHA and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to establish references ranges for cytokine levels in dogs and to compare cytokine levels in normal dogs and dogs with two common inflammatory diseases (sepsis and IMHA). We hypothesized that cytokine response profiles in dogs with sepsis would be significantly different from those in dogs with IMHA due to the very different etiologies of the two diseases. Concentrations of 14 different cytokines in serum were measured and values grouped according to cytokine function. Serum from clinically normal dogs was used to establish cytokine concentration reference ranges. Rank values for each of the 4 cytokine groups were then compared statistically between healthy control, septic and IMHA dogs. This analysis revealed differences in cytokine groups between dogs with sepsis and IMHA when compared to healthy control dogs but no difference between dogs with either of these conditions. In conclustion, dogs in the early stage of sepsis and IMHA have similar circulating cytokines despite different etiologies suggesting activation of common immunologic pathways. This may have implications for immunotherapy of immune mediated diseases in dogs of varying etiology.
La ética de la responsabilidad de investigar para la salud en un país de ingresos medianos bajos:: El Salvador

In the medium and low income countries, the majority of the population is exposed to health risks in every known aspect. This situation worsens as the public investment in health is not enough to cover the public demand. The right to life for the poor is not ensured. There is a problem of life, literally speaking. Health research in these circumstances does not have the importance that it deserves, but it is linked with the solution of public health problems in these countries.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 119, 2009: 115-129
Lower limb pose estimation for monitoring the kicking patterns of infants

Monitoring the spontaneous kicking patterns of infants can give insight into their development. A computer vision based method for estimating the pose of an infant's leg from range images is presented in this paper. After some manual inputs for initialization, the range data associated with the infant is extracted. The method uses Robust Point Set Registration (RPSR) to fit an articulated model to the subject in every frame in the sequence, thus it provides the joint trajectories over time of the kicking kinematics. For validation, the method is used to track the articulation of a robotic humanoid that was programmed to kick in a fashion similar to an infant. Furthermore, the method is applied to a sequence collected from an actual infant and the resultant signal estimates are presented.
Extended analysis of SSN effect on phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit

Electronic devices are increasingly susceptible to simultaneous switching noise (SSN) as devices shrink in size and operate at lower voltage to achieve higher speed. This is a major concern in high-speed system designs as SSN causes voltage and timing variations which affect signal integrity. Consequently, it is imperative that electronic system designers pay strict attention to signal integrity whether it is on the chip level or on the system level. This paper analyzes the output buffer SSN effect on the phase-locked loop (PLL) input pins, PLL output pins, and PLL power supplies using an Altera FPGA device. Experimental results show that direct PLL jitter transfer principle cannot be applied in a straight forward manner because of the wide spectrum and asynchronous nature of SSN. However, the PLL circuit is still effective in filtering the noise that is attacking the PLL input signal. This paper also shows that SSN greatly affects the PLL power distribution network (PDN) especially when the noise coupled into the PDN have the same frequency as the PDN resonance. In addition, it is also shown that SSN do not directly attack the PLL circuit through its output. These findings assist Altera's customers and electronic system designers in optimizing PLL performance for error-free device designs. Furthermore, the findings provide a basis future PLL design improvements.
An Updated Security Analysis of PFLASH

One application in post-quantum cryptography that appears especially difficult is security for low-power or no-power devices. One of the early champions in this arena was SFLASH, which was recommended by NESSIE for implementation in smart cards due to its extreme speed, low power requirements, and the ease of resistance to side-channel attacks. This heroship swiftly ended with the attack on SFLASH by Dubois et al. in 2007. Shortly thereafter, an old suggestion re-emerged: fixing the values of some of the input variables. The resulting scheme known as PFLASH is nearly as fast as the original SFLASH and retains many of its desirable properties but without the differential weakness, at least for some parameters.
Management of Acute Hypoxia and Hypercarbia in the Patient with Advanced Obstructive Airway Disease

The treatment of acute respiratory failure in advanced chronic airways obstruction is strikingly different from that where the lungs are relatively normal and failure develops following some acute nonspecific insult. It is now realized that the patient with underlying chronic airway obstruction rarely requires intubation and can usually be treated successfully with carefully controlled oxygen administration. In contrast, the patient with the “adult respiratory distress syndrome” usually requires early intubation with controlled ventilation. Various differences between these two types of acute respiratory failure are shown in Table 1.
A Technique For Continuous Evaluation Of Student Performance In Two Different Domains: Structural Engineering And Computer Information Technology

Student access to the Internet has made it much easier for students to find solutions to traditional homework problems online and thereby has made this traditional assessment method of monitoring student progress and gauging the assimilation of knowledge in engineering and technology courses less reliable. This paper presents an in-class, group-based quiz technique where students are quizzed typically on a weekly basis on material presented during the same week in lecture, but before doing any homework. Homework is typically not graded or its impact reduced on its percentage impact on the final class grade, whereas the quizzes are assigned a higher percentage impact on the final grade. Mid-term and final exams are based or derived from the homework assignments. Since students have not usually had any time to study the new material, they can work in groups of typically two or three students and if they get stuck, they have the option of asking the instructor for hints to prevent them from being stuck. Quizzes are graded in real-time during the class and provide the instructor with continuous, week to week, assessment as to a student’s progress. The study found that the use of this quiz technique creates a more interactive experience between students, between the student and the instructor, and reduces the possibility of plagiarism on homework assignments.
Design, simulation and experiment of a novel high efficiency energy harvesting paver

Abstract Harvesting energy from pedestrians can be used to power sensors in smart infrastructure, monitor structural health, and provide environmental sensing data. This paper presents a novel paver that efficiently harvests energy from human walking. Within the paver, a permanent magnetic motor is used as an electric generator. Racks, pinions, gears and a one-way-clutch are employed to convert the up-and-down motion of the paver’s top panel to the unidirectional rotational motion of the electric generator. A flywheel is attached to the electric generator to take full advantage of the theoretically available potential energy during human walking. A dynamic model is developed with the consideration of Coulomb friction, electrical damping and mechanical damping. Based on the model, parameters of the energy harvesting paver are analyzed to optimize the harvested energy from human walking. The experimental results show that, during typical human walking, the energy harvesting paver can produce an average electrical power of 3.6 W, with a peak value of 12 W. The average harvested energy is 1.8 J per step. The roles of the flywheel and electrical load in changing the amount of harvested energy are discussed. The flywheel’s influence to energy harvesting in walking, fast walking and running conditions are compared and discussed. The energy harvesting paver has potential applications in high-volume pedestrian paths and areas such as sport arenas, airports, railway stations, shopping malls, offices and apartment blocks.
Kulturelle Ansichten zur Genmodifikation beim Menschen

Ist die Erschaffung von GM-Menschen der Garant dafur, dass die Menschheit eine sich stets wandelnde, moglicherweise desastrose Zukunft uberlebt? Oder wurde die Genmodifikation beim Menschen vielmehr eine Katastrophe oder gar seine Vernichtung heraufbeschworen?
Phenotypic Changes in the Transition from Prehypertension to Established Hypertension

One third of patients with prehypertension have hyperkinetic circulation characterized by tachycardia and increased cardiac output. The hyperkinetic circulation is a predictor of future established hypertension. However, patients with established hypertension characteristically have increased vascular resistance and a normal cardiac output. This chapter describes the mechanisms by which in the course of hypertension the hemodynamic picture alters from high cardiac output to a high-resistance state. The “normalized” cardiac output in established hypertension reflects a decrease of the stroke volume due to increased cardiac stiffness. In parallel the increased vascular resistance in established hypertension mirrors the ensuing restructuring of resistance arterioles. This restructuring enhances vascular contraction to all constricting agonists and, if untreated, predicts future increases of the blood pressure.
Undergraduate research in the curriculum: panel presentation

In this panel, the panelists will discuss different mechanisms for incorporating undergraduate research into the curriculum. They will present their experiences and discuss best practices, while emphasizing a central theme.
Examining the relationship between intramural sports participation and sense of community among college students

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were statistically significant relationships between intramural sports participation and sense of community among college students. A convenience sample was used comprised of intramural sports participants from a university in the southeastern United States. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of demographic questions and the Sense of Community Index-2 (SCI-2) (Chavis Lee & Acosta 2008) to rate their level of sense of community experienced through participation in intramural sports. The SCI-2 consists of four subscales pertaining to the contributing elements of sense of community: membership influence integration and fulfillment of needs and shared emotional connection (McMillan & Chavis 1986). Questionnaires were distributed once and administered online and all responses were confidential. Multiple regressions analysis of variance and t-tests were used test for significant relationships between sense of community and respondents' (a) length of intramural sports participation and (b) frequency of intramural sports participation. Results indicated that increased length of participation was strongly associated with a greater sense of community among participants. Study findings could be used to develop effective marketing plans to attract student participants while also providing the framework that programmers need to support their intramural program's existence to campus administrators.
Nonconsensual Insemination: Seminally Transmitted Diseases as Intimate Partner Violence

Some men use sex to damage women. These men willfully, i.e., intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or wantonly, transmit sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) to their partners as an act of intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV is heavily correlated with patriarchal attitudes that govern both partners, and especially men. Women or gay partners who subscribe to feminine sex/gender roles may be victimized by patriarchal. (This group of women and men will be denoted as “WM” in this article). Society and the justice system are influenced by two false patriarchal beliefs. The first is that condom use correlates with consensual sex and feminine sexual agency. The second is that unprotected sex indicates that insemination is consensual. Even though some states have criminalized the knowing transmission of specific STD’s and some states have only criminalized the transmission of HIV, the law has failed to deter what psychologists and criminologists have observed for decades, which is that often, men willfully contaminate an intimate partner with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) as an act of intimate partner violence (IPV). Irrespective of whether WM consent to unprotected sex, men who knowingly transmit STD’s to WM through ejaculation (“seminal transmission”) should be held criminally liable unless, 1) their partners specifically consented to being inseminated, and, in addition, 2) the partners assumed the risk of transmission. It is the first prong of this test that is novel with respect to current jurisprudence and social attitudes about condom use, consent, coercion, and the cycles of intimate partner violence. Using Dr. Lenore Walker’s retelling of the Cassandra myth as an analogy, first, this paper will analyze the systemic context of coercion in which WM become inseminated. In the first section, this paper presents psychological and criminological data to explain how patriarchal perspectives influence and infect society and justice. Next, this paper analyzes current seminal transmission laws, current perspectives on those laws, and how those laws fail to punish patriarchal IPV. Finally, this paper will propose a new law that recognizes nonconsensual insemination and seminal transmission as possible acts of IPV and domestic violence (DV). The proposed law suggests a penalty that empowers the victim.
Abscess, Brain and Spine

An abscess is a collection of cellular debris formed in response to localized infection. Abscesses can form anywhere along the neural axis within the intraparenchymal, subdural, or epidural spaces. Treatment strategies include initial coverage with broad-spectrum antibiotics and often require urgent evacuation via percutaneous or open surgical drainage.
Restoration of Ayurakitia to generic rank in tribe Aedini and a revised definition of the genus

Ayurakitia, previously treated as a subgenus of genus Aedes, is restored as a genus in tribe Aedini of family Culicidae. Rationale for this action is discussed. The genus includes 2 species (griffithi and peytoni) and has been reported from Southeast Asia. The most distinctive features of the genus are listed. A revised and expanded definition of the genus and illustrations of the female and male genitalia, pupa, and 4th-stage larva of the type species are provided.
On Darkness and Light in Legal Imagination and Practice: A Foreword to the Dark Sides of the Law

This Foreword, building on the book Representing Justice: Invention, Controversy, and Rights in City-States and Democratic Courtrooms by Judith Resnik and Dennis Curtis, explores the social constructions of “darkness” and of “lightness.” One illustration comes from how darkness has been valorized as well as bemoaned in the iconography of courthouses. While once the Virtue Justice was insistently displayed as clear-eyed, that figure’s eyes are now often obscured by a blindfold. When blindfolds were attached to Justice figures in the Renaissance, that deployment was derisive. Today, the blindfold is celebrated as an appropriate marker of the special role of a judge. The shifting import of the darkness imposed by blindfolds reflects changing ideas about the relationship of judges to the sovereignties that employ them and about the impact of sight on knowledge. The Foreword maps these changes before turning to the use of glass in building design. As the images reproduced make plain, glass facades ought not to be confused with phenomenal transparency. Glaring light, as well as darkness, can make exercises of authority unobservable.
The Home Environments of Young Blind Children.

The aim of this study was to identify specific aspects of the home environment related to the development of young children with visual impairments. The subjects of the study were 18 mothers and th...
Glycosylation of proteinase 3 (PR3) is not required for its reactivity with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in Wegener's granulomatosis

Objective. The glycosylation status of autoantigens appears to be crucial for the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, since carbohydrates play a crucial role in the distinction of self from non-self. Proteinase 3 (PR3), the main target antigen for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), contains two Asn-linked glycosylation sites. The present study explores the influence of the glycosylation status of PR3 on the PR3 recognition by ANCA in a well characterized population of patients with WG. Methods. Forty-four patients with WG (459 serum samples) who participated in a multicenter randomized trial, were tested by capture ELISA for ANCA against PR3 and deglycosylated recombinant variants of PR3. Results. The patients were followed for a median of 27 months, and the median number of serum samples per patient was 10. At baseline, the correlation between the levels of ANCA against PR3 and against all the deglycosylated recombinant variants of PR3 were greater than 0.94 (ρ<0.001 for all the comparisons). Longitudinal analyses comparing the levels of ANCA against PR3 versus all the deglycosylated recombinant variants of PR3, using linear mixed models, showed no significant statistical differences (ρ≥0.90 in all cases). Conclusions. The glycosylation status of PR3 has no impact on its recognition by ANCA in WG.
Evaluation of NISAR Biomass Algorithm in Temperate and Boreal Forests

The structure of forests, in terms of mass and the three-dimensional arrangement of individual trees, is a direct indicator of how much carbon is stored in the ecosystem, which in turn, has a profound effect on how the ecosystem functions and cycles carbon, water, and nutrients ( Shugart et al., 2010 ). There is an increased need to understand local to global storage and dynamics of carbon in terrestrial vegetation, as carbon storage is a prerequisite to understanding the coupling of the biosphere to other components of Earth systems including the climate ( Luyssaert et al., 2008 ). By focusing on live carbon pool, the above ground biomass (AGB) can be estimated from algorithmic modeling using remote sensing data. Low-frequency Radar backscatter, among others, has unique advantages due to its sensitivity to forest AGB and potentially at fine spatial and temporal resolutions ( Le Toan et al., 2011 ; Mitchard et al., 2009 ).
Mitigation of Dynamic Stall over a Pitching Finite Wing Using High-Frequency Actuation

A novel high-frequency flow control strategy for mitigation of dynamic stall is demonstrated for the case of a finite wing using high-fidelity wall-resolved implicit large-eddy simulations. A NACA ...
The Development of a Scrip Management & Order System: A Case Study

This paper describes the development of a scrip management application system to support the fund-raising needs of a youth swim team. A scrip program is a common fund raising activity used by many not-for-profit organizations and offers a long-term method of raising funds without asking people to spend more money than they normally would in their daily routine. A scrip program requires that people purchase coupons, certificates or cards (scrip) from the not-for-profit organization or directly from a national scrip organization. The scrip cards or certificates can then be used as cash. Each merchant or vendor then contributes a set percentage back to the not-for-profit. Utilizing an action research approach, the organizational and technical decisions will be discussed as well as the lessons learned. This should be of interest to practitioners interested in developing Web-based applications, as well as researchers who hope to engage in action research.
Sleep inconsistency between weekends and weekdays is associated with changes in brain function during task and rest.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation and circadian disruptions impair brain function and cognitive performance, but few studies have examined the effect of sleep inconsistency. Here, we investigated how inconsistent sleep duration and sleep timing between weekends (WE) and weekdays (WD) correlated with changes in behavior and brain function during task and at rest in 56 (30 female) healthy human participants. METHODS WE-WD differences in sleep duration and sleep midpoint were calculated using 1-week actigraphy data. All participants underwent 3 Tesla blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activity during a visual attention task (VAT) and in resting-state condition. RESULTS We found that WE-WD inconsistency of sleep duration and sleep midpoint were uncorrelated with each other (r = .08, p = .58) and influenced behavior and brain function differently. Our healthy participants showed relatively small WE-WD differences (WE-WD: 0.59 hours). Longer WE sleep duration (relative to WD sleep duration) was associated with better attentional performance (3-ball: β = .30, t = 2.35, p = .023; 4-ball: β = .30, t = 2.21, p = .032) and greater deactivation of the default mode network (DMN) during VAT (p < .05, cluster-corrected) and greater resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between anterior DMN and occipital cortex (p < .01, cluster-corrected). In contrast, later WE sleep timing (relative to WD sleep timing) (WE-WD: 1.11 hours) was associated with worse performance (4-ball: β = -.33, t = -2.42, p = .020) and with lower occipital activation during VAT and with lower RSFC within the DMN. CONCLUSIONS Our results document the importance of consistent sleep timing for brain function in particular of the DMN and provide evidence of the benefits of WE catch-up sleep in healthy adults.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Introduction: Trauma is the most common cause of death in the United States for those aged between 1 and 44 years.1 Blunt trauma encompasses >90% of all injuries to children.2 Specifically, blunt a...
Linking Adolescent Brain MRI to Obesity via Deep Multi-cue Regression Network

Adolescent obesity has become a significant public health problem for the potential risk of various diseases in later life. Recent biomedical studies have revealed that obesity is associated with structural changes in the brain. Thus the computer-aided analysis of adolescent obesity based on brain MRI is of great clinical value. While previous methods typically rely on hand-crafted MRI features for obesity prediction, we propose to link adolescent obesity and brain MRI through a deep learning framework. The newly released brain MRI data from the large-scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study has paved the way for such an exploration. In this paper, we propose a deep multi-cue regression network (DMRN) for MRI-based analysis of adolescent obesity. Specially, in DMRN, we first design a feature encoding network to automatically extract high-dimensional features from brain MR images, followed by a regression network to predict Body Mass Index (BMI) scores for obesity analysis. To take advantage of other prior knowledge of studied subjects, our DMRN framework further explicitly incorporates the demographic information (e.g., waist circumference) of subjects into the learning process. Experiments have been conducted on 3, 779 subjects with T1-weighted MRIs from the ABCD dataset. The results have provided some useful findings: (1) we consolidate the relationship between adolescent obesity and brain MRI as well as demographic information through a deep learning model; (2) we use visualization method to explain the prediction results by highlighting potential biomarkers in the brain MR images that are associated with adolescent obesity.