cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paul of Tarshish: Isaiah 66.19 and the Spanish Mission of Romans 15.24, 28

Interpreters of Paul's Letter to the Romans frequently identify preparations for the Spanish mission—mentioned within only two verses at the end of the letter—as the primary reason for writing. Paul's extensive use of Isaiah suggests to some that he viewed Spain as the fulfillment of the reference to ‘Tarshish’ in Isa 66.19. The Hebrew Bible, however, does not provide any evidence that Tarshish is in Spain rather than in Cilicia. Evidence is lacking in the Hellenistic and Roman eras for a Spanish Tartessos–Tarshish connection. The Spanish mission thesis also overemphasizes the importance of Rom 15.24, 28.
Unique identifiability of elastic parameters from time-dependent interior displacement measurement

We consider the question: what can be determined about the stiffness distribution in biological tissue from indirect measurements? This leads us to consider an inverse problem for the identification of coefficients in the second-order hyperbolic system that models the propagation of elastic waves. The measured data for our inverse problem are the time-dependent interior vector displacements. In the isotropic case, we establish sufficient conditions for the unique identifiability of wave speeds and the simultaneous identifiability of both density and the Lame parameters. In the anisotropic case, counterexamples are presented to exhibit the nonuniqueness and to show the structure of the set of shear tensors corresponding to the same given data.
Bacterial Vaginosis: Review of Treatment Options and Potential Clinical Indications for Therapy

We reviewed data on the treatment of bacterial vaginosis published from 1989 through 1992 (articles published after the 1989 publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines). This review suggests that oral metronidazole (500 mg twice daily for 7 days) is the preferred treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Other effective (but alternative) treatment regimens include single-dose metronidazole (2 g orally), 2% clindamycin vaginal cream (once daily for 7 days), 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel (twice daily for 5 days), and oral clindamycin (300 mg twice daily for 7 days). Data do not support the practice of routine treatment of male sex partners of infected females. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy should focus on the elimination of symptoms; data on adverse pregnancy outcomes for women with bacterial vaginosis remain insufficient to recommend treatment of asymptomatic patients. Before performing surgical abortion, treatment of bacterial vaginosis (symptomatic or asymptomatic) should be considered to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease.
From Diagrams to Design: Overcoming Knowledge Acquisition Barriers for Case Based Design

One important and often overlooked implication of case based design systems is the acquisition of cases, which are typically hand crafted by system designers. Not only does this make case acquisition difficult and time consuming, but it may also introduce unanticipated biases and limitations into the system. In this paper we demonstrate a case based design system capable of automatically acquiring cases from diagrams, and of using those cases to solve new design challenges. Moreover, we demonstrate that our representation framework enables general teleological reasoning in design that transcends some domain borders, greatly increasing the versatility and usefulness of the cases thus acquired.
Effects of Flame Temperature and Fuel Composition on Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Combustors

Abstract The dependence of relative soot concentration on flame temperature and fuel composition was measured in a small-scale research combustor. The purpose was to gain a better understanding of the correlation of soot formation with H/C ratio. First, the effect of flame temperature on soot concentration was determined by varying the burner inlet temperature. Then, 10 fuels with H/C ratios in the range of 1.98 to 1.55 were used in an experiment 10 determine the effects of both flame temperature and fuel composition on relative soot concentration. Flame temperatures were calculated and measured optically by the Kurlbaum technique. Flame opacity measurements were used to determine relative soot concentration. The results showed that while soot concentration increased significantly as flame temperature increased, the ncrease in soot with fuels of lower H/C ratio was much stronger than could be attributed to associated increases in the tlame temperature.
Effect of Dietary Lithocholic Acid on Liver Size of the Chick

Abstract Lithocholic acid has been shown to counteract the hypercholesterolemic effect of cholic acid in the mouse and rat (Howe et al., 1960; Portman and Bruno, 1961). Recently, Edwards (1961) has presented data demonstrating a lack of effect of dietary cholic acid on serum cholesterol levels of growing chicks. In this report (Edwards, 1961), dietary lithocholic acid was shown to have a hypercholesterolemic effect in the chick in contrast to its cholesterol depressing action in the rat and mouse (Howe et al., 1960; Portman and Bruno, 1961). The influence of dietary bile acids on cholesterol and lipid metabolism is presently under investigation in this laboratory. During the course of these studies, dietary lithocholic acid was found to influence liver size markedly. Groups of six chicks were fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks (4 through 8 weeks of age). Prior to receiving the experimental diets, the chicks were fed a commercial …
Factors Associated with Reported Preventable Adverse Drug Events: A Retrospective, Case-Control Study

Background:It has been reported that error occurs at some point during the medication use process in approximately 6% of medication doses administered in the inpatient setting. An estimated 1-10% of medication errors lead to patient harm; however, factors affecting the risk of harm from a medication error are undefined in the literature.Objective:To identify independent factors affecting the risk of reported preventable adverse drug events (ADEs) (ie, medication errors contributing to patient harm) compared to medication errors that did not contribute to patient harm in a diverse patient population.Methods:This was a retrospective, case-control study conducted at 3 hospitals within a large health system. Medication error reports from July 1, 2009, through June 30, 2010, were assessed. All reported medication errors determined to have contributed to patient harm were matched 1:1 with a medication error that did not contribute to harm. Data collected through review of the incident report and medical record ...
What have we learned about acute postoperative epidural pain management since 1988

In 1988, a sentinel article was published describing an anesthesiology-based acute postoperative pain service in the United States. Since 1988, a large number of studies have been published increasing our knowledge in this relatively new area of medicine. This article will be limited to a discussion of epidural analgesia. Topics discussed are: (1) choice of epidural opioid, (2) safety of epidural morphine in patients on postsurgical wards, (3) dose of epidural morphine, (4) combinations of bupivacaine and morphine, and (5) improved outcome in surgical patients receiving epidural analgesia.
Parallel heap operations on EREW PRAM: summary of results

The authors present parallel algorithms for heap operations on an EREW PRAM. They first present a parallel heap construction algorithm with p processors running in O(n/p+logp) time. It takes 3.625n/p+4log p time in the worst case. The algorithm is optimal when p= theta (n/logn). They then propose a method to delete the root of a heap in parallel. To facilitate dynamic processor allocation, a data structure is developed in a preparatory step using O((n/logn)/sup 1-1/p/) processors in O(logp) time. A sequence of root deletion operations is realized such that each of these operations takes O((logn)/p+logp+loglogn) time using p processors. The authors also suggest an O((logn)/p+log p) time optimal parallel insert algorithm using p processors. When p= theta ((logn)/loglogn), both algorithms run in O(loglogn) time. The algorithms can also be extended to a parallel algorithm for deleting an element from a heap, given the address of the element. >
GRACEnet: addressing policy needs through coordinated cross-location research

GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) was conceived to build upon ongoing USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) research to improve soil productivity, while addressing the challenges and opportunities of interest in C sequestration from a climate change perspective. The vision for GRACEnet was and remains: Knowledge and information used to implement scientifically based agricultural management practices from the field to national policy scales on C sequestration, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and environmental benefits . The national focus of GRACEnet uses a standardized approach by ARS laboratories and university and land manager (e.g. farmer and rancher) cooperators to assess C sequestration and GHG emission from different crop and grassland systems. Since 2002, GRACEnet has significantly expanded GHG mitigation science and delivered usable information to agricultural research and policy organizations. Recent developments suggest GRACEnet will have international impact by contributing leadership and technical guidance for the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases.
XROMM analysis of rib kinematics during lung ventilation in the green iguana, Iguana iguana

The three-dimensional rotations of ribs during breathing are typically described as bucket-handle rotation about a dorsoventrally oriented axis, pump-handle rotation about a mediolateral axis, and caliper rotation about a rostrocaudal axis. In amniotes with double-headed ribs, rib motion is constrained primarily to one degree-of-freedom (DOF) rotation about an axis connecting the two rib articulations. However, in Squamata, the ribs are single headed and the hemispherical costovertebral joints permit rotations with three DOF. In this study, we used X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM ) to quantify rib rotation during deep breathing in four green iguanas. We found that rib rotation was strongly dominated by bucket-handle rotation, thus exhibiting nearly hinge-like motion, despite the potential for more complex motions. The vertebral and sternal segments of each rib did not deform measurably during breathing, but they did move relative to each other at a thin, cartilaginous intracostal joint. While standing still and breathing deeply, four individual iguanas showed variability in their rib postures, with two breathing around a highly inflated posture, and two breathing around a posture with the ribs folded halfway back. Bucket-handle rotations showed clear rostrocaudal gradients, with rotation increasing from the third cervical to the first or second dorsal rib, and then decreasing again caudally, a pattern that is consistent with the intercostal muscles in the rostral intercostal spaces being the primary drivers of inspiration. The constrained, primarily bucket-handle rotations observed here during breathing do not help to explain the evolution of permissive, hemispherical costovertebral joints in squamates from the more constrained, double-headed rib articulations of other amniotes.
Power Reduction Coding for Buses

We know that coding can reduce power consumption in buses. We would like to know how much power reduction is possible. This chapter presents: energy models of deep sub-micron buses, the coupling between energy and transmitted information, the ultimate limits of achievable power reduction using coding, a global theoretical framework of power reduction coding.
PAX4 Gene Transfer Induces α-to-β Cell Phenotypic Conversion and Confers Therapeutic Benefits for Diabetes Treatment

The transcription factor Pax4 plays a critical role in the determination of α- versus β-cell lineage during endocrine pancreas development. In this study, we explored whether Pax4 gene transfer into α-cells could convert them into functional β-cells and thus provide therapeutic benefits for insulin-deficient diabetes. We found that Pax4 delivered by adenoviral vector, Ad5.Pax4, induced insulin expression and reduced glucagon expression in αTC1.9 cells. More importantly, these cells exhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a key feature of functional β-cells. When injected into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, Pax4-treated αTC1.9 cells significantly reduced blood glucose, and the mice showed better glucose tolerance, supporting that Pax4 gene transfer into αTC1.9 cells resulted in the formation of functional β-cells. Furthermore, treatment of primary human islets with Ad5.Pax4 resulted in significantly improved β-cell function. Detection of glucagon+/Pax4+/Insulin+ cells argued for Pax4-induced α-to-β cell transitioning. This was further supported by quantification of glucagon and insulin bi-hormonal cells, which was significantly higher in Pax4-treated islets than in controls. Finally, direct administration of Ad5.Pax4 into the pancreas of insulin-deficient mice ameliorated hyperglycemia. Taken together, our data demonstrate that manipulating Pax4 gene expression represents a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of insulin deficient diabetes.
Trends in National Pediatric Bed Census

No government or private institution keeps track of the national pediatric bed census. Regional and state data have demonstrated loss of pediatric beds is select areas. Anecdotal and survey reports are consistent about emerging difficulty in admitting children to the hospital suggesting the current hospitalized census is at capacity. The demographics of where children are hospitalized have changed dramatically over the last 10 years towards more in children's hospitals. ACA reforms include decreased reimbursement for hospitalization making …
Relevance of traditional integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for commercial corn producers in a transgenic agroecosystem: a bygone era?

The use of transgenic Bt maize hybrids continues to increase significantly across the Corn Belt of the United States. In 2009, 59% of all maize planted in Illinois was characterized as a “stacked” gene variety. This is a 40% increase since 2006. Stacked hybrids typically express one Cry protein for corn rootworm control and one Cry protein for control of several lepidopteran pests; they also feature herbicide tolerance (to either glyphosate or glufosinate). Slightly more than 50 years has passed since Vernon Stern and his University of California entomology colleagues published (1959) their seminal paper on the integrated control concept, laying the foundation for modern pest management (IPM) programs. To assess the relevance of traditional IPM concepts within a transgenic agroecosystem, commercial maize producers were surveyed at a series of meetings in 2009 and 2010 regarding their perceptions on their use of Bt hybrids and resistance management. Special attention was devoted to two insect pests of corn...
Uncertainty Modeling and Management in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Synthesis

Presented at the 38th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, January 10-13, 2000.
Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid determination with p-hydrazinobenzenesulfonic acid-phosphoric acid.

A new reagent system with p-hydrazinobenzenesulfonic acid in phosphoric acid for the determination of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids is described. Use of this reagent results in increased sensitivity of detection of compounds possessing a dihydroxyacetone side chain while it retains the same specificity as obtained with the Porter-Silber reagent. The reaction conditions employed with the new reagent allow the assay to be performed within 4 to 8 hours after hydrolysis of the samples of urine.
Researching the Plant-Animal Interface: The investigation of Ingestive Behavior in Grazing Animals

Profitable livestock production from forages largely depends on efficiency of converting forages into products. Efficient grazing management systems require an understanding of the roles of system components. However, experimentation should be conducted with regard to the system as a whole rather than on the systems components in isolation. This may necessitate development of computer models. The short-term intake of forage by grazing animals is controlled both by the structure of the forage and by effects of the ingested forage on gut fill as moderated by the hunger-satiety complex. Intake can be defined as the product of bite size, rate of biting and grazing time. Measurement of these variables is facilitated by the use of esophageally fistulated animals and automatic recording devices. Bite size has the greatest influence on intake, with rate of biting and grazing time being compensatory variables. Sward structure influences bite size to varying degrees. In temperate grass swards, leaf surface height appears to be the dominant influence on bite size. But in tropical grass swards, leaf density and leaf:stem ratio have a greater influence on bite size than does leaf surface height. Alternative techniques to conventional grazing trials are described. Diversity of environments and forages in the U.S. requires further research into the development of grazing systems. In the future, small-scale trials and computer simulation techniques likely will be used to a greater extent.
Regulation of histidine decarboxylase in rat stomach by gastrin: the effect of inhibitors of protein synthesis.

Histidine decarboxylase activities in the stomachs of freely feeding rats or fasted rats treated with gastrin are 3 and 2 times, respectively, greater than enzyme activity of fasted rats. Administration of gastrin produces a marked increase of gastric histidine decarboxylase in 30 min with maximal effects between 2 and 3 hr, and a decline of enzyme activity to fasting levels after 8 hr. Puromycin and cycloheximide completely prevent the rise of gastric histidine decarboxylase activity induced by gastrin, whereas actinomycin D tends to stimulate this rise in activity. When cycloheximide is administered to freely feeding rats there is an exponential fall in gastric histidine decarboxylase activity with a half-life of 2.1 hr. Cycloheximide treatment accelerates the decline of gastric histidine decarboxylase activity after enhancement by gastrin. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research was supported by USPHS grants TO 1-MH-11267 and 1 RO1 NB 07275. Solomon H. Snyder is a recipient of NIMH Research Career Development Award 5 KO3-MH-33128.
NASA's Space Shuttle: Policy Decisions in the Wake of Kondratieff Wave Interactions

Industrial opportunities and contributions to life's quality made possible through the U.S. fleet of space shuttles could be immense. Public policy decisions pertaining to that technological innova...
From the NIH: A Systems Approach to Increasing the Diversity of the Biomedical Research Workforce

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is committed to attracting, developing, and supporting the best scientists from all groups as an integral part of excellence in training. Biomedical research workforce diversity, capitalizing on the full spectrum of skills, talents, and viewpoints, is essential for solving complex human health challenges. Over the past few decades, the biomedical research workforce has benefited from NIH programs aimed at enhancing diversity. However, there is considerable room for improvement, particularly at the level of independent scientists and within scientific leadership. We provide a rationale and specific opportunities to develop and sustain a diverse biomedical research workforce through interventions that promote the successful transitions to different stages on the path toward completion of training and entry into the biomedical workforce.
Outcome of extremely low birth weight infants with a history of neonatal acute kidney injury.

To study the outcome of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with a history of acute kidney injury (AKI). In a retrospective, case control study, medical records of all ELBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between Jan 2002 and Dec 2011 were reviewed. Medical records were reviewed for infants’ demographics, blood pressure (BP) at NICU discharge and at ≥3 years, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at ≥2 years. During the study period, 222 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 10% (23 out of 222) had AKI stage 2 and 3, 39% (87 out of 222) had AKI stage 1, and the rest did not have AKI. At NICU discharge, there was a difference in diastolic BP (DBP) among infants who had AKI stages 2 and 3, those who had stage 1, and those who did not have AKI (53 ± 12 vs 46 ± 9 vs 46 ± 11 mmHg respectively; p = 0.007), and 11% (23 out of 209) had hypertension (HTN). Although there was a significant correlation between the rise in SCr and DBP at NICU discharge in infants with AKI (R = 0.304; p = 0.004), there was no difference in HTN between infants with and those without AKI. At ≥2 years of age, 4% (5 out of 120) across all groups had an eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73m2 or chronic kidney disease (CKD). At ≥3 years of age, 5% (11 out of 222) had HTN. At NICU discharge, infants with AKI stages 2 and 3 have a higher DBP than infants with stage 1 AKI and those who did not have AKI. However, there is no difference in the rate of HTN between the two groups. At ≥2 years ELBW infants are at risk for CKD independently of whether or not they develop neonatal AKI.
Feminist geopolitics and the Middle East: Refuge, belief, and peace

In this article, I draw on the work of feminist and critical political geographers to demonstrate what a feminist geopolitics can offer Middle East studies. I cite scholarship of feminist and critical geographers situated within and outside the region to address three key themes: “refuge,” “belief,” and “peace.” In each theme, I use the “body” as a starting point to convene a justice-oriented methodology of studying and knowing the Middle East. A major objective and contribution of feminist geopolitics to geography has been to recenter political inquiry from the state to the fleshy matter of the body. A “corporeal geopolitics” understands that all bodies have geopolitical agency, that all bodies are vulnerable—albeit differentially—to politics, and that all bodies are connected within and formative of shared economic, social, and political processes across space. Here, I chart ways that a feminist geopolitical analytic focused on “bodies” can contribute to a more complex understanding of the Middle East, one that operates through specificity, accountability, and care.
Structural Similarities between Neuregulin 1–3 Isoforms Determine Their Subcellular Distribution and Signaling Mode in Central Neurons

The Neuregulin (NRG) family of ErbB ligands is comprised of numerous variants originating from the use of different genes, alternative promoters, and splice variants. NRGs have generally been thought to be transported to axons and presynaptic terminals where they signal via ErbB3/4 receptors in paracrine or juxtacrine mode. However, we recently demonstrated that unprocessed pro-NRG2 accumulates on cell bodies and proximal dendrites, and that NMDAR activity is required for shedding of its ectodomain by metalloproteinases. Here we systematically investigated the subcellular distribution and processing of major NRG isoforms in rat hippocampal neurons. We show that NRG1 isotypes I and II, which like NRG2 are single-pass transmembrane proteins with an Ig-like domain, share the same subcellular distribution and ectodomain shedding properties. We furthermore show that NRG3, like CRD-NRG1, is a dual-pass transmembrane protein that harbors a second transmembrane domain near its amino terminus. Both NRG3 and CRD-NRG1 cluster on axons through juxtacrine interactions with ErbB4 present on GABAergic interneurons. Interestingly, although single-pass NRGs accumulate as unprocessed proforms, axonal puncta of CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 are comprised of processed protein. Mutations of CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 that render them resistant to BACE cleavage, as well as BACE inhibition, result in the loss of axonal puncta and in the accumulation of unprocessed proforms in neuronal soma. Together, these results define two groups of NRGs with distinct membrane topologies and fundamentally different targeting and processing properties in central neurons. The implications of this functional diversity for the regulation of neuronal processes by the NRG/ErbB pathway are discussed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Numerous Neuregulins (NRGs) are generated through the use of different genes, promoters, and alternative splicing, but the functional significance of this evolutionary conserved diversity remains poorly understood. Here we show that NRGs can be categorized by their membrane topologies. Single-pass NRGs, such as NRG1 Types I/II and NRG2, accumulate as unprocessed proforms on cell bodies, and their ectodomains are shed by metalloproteinases in response to NMDA receptor activation. By contrast, dual-pass CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 are constitutively processed by BACE and accumulate on axons where they interact with ErbB4 in juxtacrine mode. These findings reveal a previously unknown functional relationship between membrane topology, protein processing, and subcellular distribution, and suggest that single- and dual-pass NRGs regulate neuronal functions in fundamentally different ways.
Mapping Brain Activity onto Molecularly Defined Cells

The brain processes information and generates behavior by employing a wide array of different cell types. In this issue of Neuron, Wu et al. (2017) report a novel method that enables the efficient identification of molecularly defined cells that participate in a specific brain function.
Practice Patterns in Hepatitis B Virus Screening Before Cancer Chemotherapy in a Major US Hospital Network.

Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy face an increased risk of reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. To determine the HBV screening rate in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy in various clinical settings. We identified 11,959 adult cancer patients (age ≥ 18 years) receiving parenteral chemotherapy between 2012 and 2015 within a major US hospital network, including a large university hospital, community teaching hospitals, and community oncology clinics. Two thousand and forty-five patients (17.1%) were screened for either HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) or HBV core antibody (HBcAb) before chemotherapy, and 1850 patients (15.5%) had both HBsAg and HBcAb tested before chemotherapy. 8.4% were exposed to HBV, and 0.9% had chronic HBV infection (both HBsAg/HBcAb positive). Patients with hematologic tumor were more often screened than with solid tumor (55.6 vs. 8.3%, p < 0.001). Patients receiving chemotherapy with higher HBV reactivation risk had higher yet suboptimal HBV screening rate (41.1% B-depleting agents, 21.5% anthracycline, 14.9% steroid, 64.7% anti-TNF alpha and 18.6% other chemotherapy, p < 0.001). Patients with age ≥ 50 years (old 16.2% vs. young 23.9%, p < 0.001) and Asian ethnicity (Asian 13.6 vs. Caucasian 16.6%, p < 0.001) were screened less for HBV despite higher prevalence of HBV exposure (old 9.3% vs. young 4.3%, p < 0.001 and Asian 27.8% vs. Caucasian 6.4%, p < 0.001). Patients receiving chemotherapy in community oncology clinics were less screened versus community teaching hospitals or university hospital (12.7 vs. 19.1 vs. 19.7%, p < 0.001), despite similar prevalence of HBV infection. On multivariate analysis, receiving chemotherapy at a community oncology clinic [odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45–0.72, p < 0.001] was independently associated with less HBV screening compared to receiving chemotherapy at a university or community teaching hospital. HBV screening among patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy was suboptimal and less commonly performed in community oncology clinics compared to teaching hospitals.
Messy Subjectivities: The Popular, Affective and Technical Consistencies of Early Nineteenth-Century Staffordshire Ware

This article investigates how Staffordshire figurines and dinnerware, which were popular in early nineteenth-century England and its colonies, were complicit in forging emergent social, aesthetic and subjective consciousness. Staffordshire ware was influenced by diverse technical, economic and aesthetic factors, including the circulation of print media, private property, colonialism and Romanticism. At the same time, the wares both engendered Romantic versions of subjectivity that amplified the importance of the private individual, while generating emergent sites of contestation that exceeded them. The collection of Staffordshire figurines and dinnerware was a media and technical consistency where owners could inhabit the tensions of at times conflicting social, material, affective and performative affinities or antagonisms. This discussion draws from Walter Benjamin to develop a way of thinking with how the material and media specificity of Staffordshire ware could have co-composed heterogeneous knowledges, practices and subjectivities that undermined the Romantic individual. By examining the multifaceted qualities, affects and contexts of Staffordshire ware in detail I aim to develop new terms and practices with which to activate emergent versions of historicity, corporeality and world-making.
A radical advance for conducting polymers

Organic radical polymers have unusual electronic properties, with potential applications in batteries, electronics, and memory storage ( 1 – 3 ). The first nitroxide-based organic radical polymer, reported by Okawara and co-workers in 1972 ( 4 ), has since been used as an electroactive material in battery electrodes ( 5 ). With recent explorations into organic radical polymers for thermoelectrics and electronics ( 2 , 6 ), the electrical conductivity of these materials has become a center of interest. On page 1391 of this issue, Joo et al. ( 7 ) add an important facet to this discussion by demonstrating the highest reported conductivity for an organic radical polymer.
The relationship between employment and health and health care among working-age adults with and without disabilities in the United States

Purpose: To better understand the relationship between employment and health and health care for people with disabilities in the United States (US). Methods: We pooled US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2004-2010) data to examine health status, and access to health care among working-age adults, comparing people with physical disabilities or multiple disabilities to people without disabilities, based on their employment status. Logistic regression and least squares regression were conducted, controlling for sociodemographics, health insurance (when not the outcome), multiple chronic conditions, and need for assistance. Results: Employment was inversely related to access to care, insurance, and obesity. Yet, people with disabilities employed in the past year reported better general and mental health than their peers with the same disabilities who were not employed. Those who were employed were more likely to have delayed/forgone necessary care, across disability groups. Part-time employment, especially for people with multiple limitations, was associated with better health and health care outcomes than full-time employment. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of addressing employment-related causes of delayed or foregone receipt of necessary care (e.g., flex-time for attending appointments) that exist for all workers, especially those with physical or multiple disabilities. Implications for rehabilitation These findings demonstrate that rehabilitation professionals who are seeking to support employment for persons with physical limitations need to ensure that overall health concerns are adequately addressed, both for those seeking employment and for those who are currently employed. Assisting clients in prioritizing health equally with employment can ensure that both areas receive sufficient attention. Engaging with employers to develop innovative practices to improve health, health behaviors and access to care for employees with disabilities can decrease turnover, increase productivity, and ensure longer job tenure.
The Technology War, the Magical Aeroplane, and the Shift to Photogrammetry in American Public-Sector Mapmaking

This paper examines a shift in U.S. public-sector mapping and its public perception in the first three decades of the twentieth century. In particular the emphasis will be on the first moves toward replacement of tradition-laced systems of apprenticeship and tradesmanship by more technicized approaches to mapping, eventually resulting in a technology-dependent factory system staffed by cadres of skilled and specialized workers. The effects of military financing and R&D through this period became a powerful force shaping mapping technologies both directly (through the funding of civilian mapping agencies during WWI) and indirectly (training personnel who would return to civilian sector mapping following the war). In the minds of the general public at this time, photography from airplanes became synonymous with mapping.
Generating the Hyper-Sphere Art

For those readers who may be interested in generating their own versions of the “God’s Image?” art, the computer code that generated the art is presented in this chapter. In addition, the algorithms that underlie the code are also presented. Knowledge of vector and matrix algebra may be helpful.
POLST Registration and Associated Outcomes Among Veterans With Advanced-Stage Lung Cancer.

Introduction:The Oregon Physicians Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Program allows patients with advanced illness to document end-of-life (EOL) care preferences. We examined the charact...
A Centennial of Mary Richmond’s Social Diagnosis: A Celebration and Contemporary Assessment of a Seminal Work:

Mary Ellen Richmond is often credited with developing social work as a profession in the United States. In this article, we focus on Richmond’s Social Diagnosis, revisiting this hallmark of social ...
The influence of an in-stream thermal gradient on chironomid emergence during winter

The River Continuum Concept (RCC) predicts that aquatic insect communities undergo predictable changes in composition from headwaters to downstream regions relative to changes in habitat. An important aspect of this change is stream temperature. Studies have been conducted on thermal partitioning of chironomids within the RCC and across streams with different thermal regimes; however, few have focused on effects of fine-scale within-stream temperature variability on winter chironomid composition. Our objectives were to characterize thermal heterogeneity within a small headwater trout stream during winter using slope and Y-intercepts from linear regressions of air–water temperatures and to document patterns of chironomid emergence and taxonomic composition relative to mean water temperatures, regression slopes, and Y-intercepts along stream length. We developed air–water temperature regressions using mean daily air and water temperatures for three headwater trout streams. We assessed similarity in taxonomic composition across sites by collecting and analyzing chironomid surface floating pupal exuviae. We demonstrate that regressions of mean daily air and water temperatures can characterize fine-scale thermal heterogeneity within and among headwater trout streams during winter. We also demonstrate that chironomid taxonomic composition varied at spatial scales substantially less than a kilometer within a stream that possessed significant thermal heterogeneity.
Rosette Nanotube Porins as Ion Selective Transporters and Single-Molecule Sensors

Rosette nanotubes (RNTs) are a class of materials formed by molecular self-assembly of a fused guanine–cytosine base (G∧C base). An important feature of these self-assembled nanotubes is their prec...
Physicians' and Attorneys' Beliefs and Attitudes Related to the Brain Disease Model of Addiction.

Background and objectives Addiction is increasingly considered a chronic, relapsing brain disease; however, many scholars still disagree with the brain disease model of addiction. We set out to provide evidence of attorneys' and physicians' beliefs regarding the model. First, we asked the following question: do attorneys and physicians affirm the full brain disease model, or its modified form, or do they believe that addiction is driven by deficits in self-control or moral weakness? Second, we evaluated the extent to which such beliefs correspond to attitudes toward individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods A questionnaire was sent to resident physicians (N = 301) and criminal defense attorneys (N = 483) practicing in the United States. It was comprised of (i) an attitudes measure, (ii) a measure regarding conceptions of addiction, and (iii) demographic questions. Results Attorneys were more likely to believe that individuals with SUDs had "practically no choice" about whether to seek and use, whereas physicians were more likely to believe that such individuals had "genuine choice." For both groups of participants, the rejection of the full brain disease model of addiction was associated with more negative attitudes toward individuals with SUDs. Conclusion and scientific significance These results represent an important advance, as past research has neglected attorneys' attitudes and is inconclusive regarding the manner in which beliefs about the brain disease model of addiction are related to attitudes toward individuals with SUDs. Educating practitioners regarding this relationship would raise awareness regarding when and to what extent stigma is likely to be present, which may in turn provide a foundation from which to address stigma. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00).
Household food insecurity: Associations with disordered eating behaviours and overweight in a population-based sample of adolescents

Objective: To examine how household food insecurity is related to adolescent weight status and disordered eating. Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study. Adolescents self-reported unhealthy weight control behaviours, binge eating and meal frequency; weight status was measured. Household food insecurity was assessed by asking parents to respond to the validated six-item US Household Food Security Survey Module. Setting: Adolescents surveyed within Minneapolis/St. Paul public middle and high schools completed surveys at school, and their parents/guardians were surveyed by mail during the 2009–2010 academic year. Participants: Ethnically/racially diverse, primarily low-income adolescents (mean age: 14·4 years, range: 10–22 years) and their parents/guardians (n 2285 dyads). Results: More than one-third (38·9 %) of the adolescents experienced past-year household food insecurity, 43·2 % reported disordered eating and 39·6 % were overweight. Generalised regression models showed that food insecure (FI) compared with food secure (FS) adolescents had higher prevalence of overweight (FI: 42·3 % v. FS: 37·9 %, P = 0·039), lower breakfast consumption (FI: 4·1 times/week v. FS: 4·4 times/week, P = 0·005) and greater use of unhealthy weight control behaviours (FI: 49·0 % v. FS: 39·5 %, P < 0·001) in unadjusted models. Models adjusted for parental education, ethnicity/race, sex and age found that food insecurity was associated with higher prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviours (FI: 44·5 % v. FS: 37·8 %, P = 0·007), but not with weight status or other eating behaviours. Conclusions: These results suggest that food insecurity may be an independent risk factor for unhealthy weight control behaviours, indicating a need to approach these intersecting issues in a comprehensive manner.
Mining the geodesic equation for scattering data

The geodesic equation encodes test-particle dynamics at arbitrary gravitational coupling, hence retaining all orders in the post-Minkowskian (PM) expansion. Here we explore what geodesic motion can tell us about dynamical scattering in the presence of perturbatively small effects such as tidal distortion and higher derivative corrections to general relativity. We derive an algebraic map between the perturbed geodesic equation and the leading PM scattering amplitude at arbitrary mass ratio. As examples, we compute formulas for amplitudes and isotropic gauge Hamiltonians for certain infinite classes of tidal operators such as electric or magnetic Weyl to any power, and for higher derivative corrections to gravitationally interacting bodies with or without electric charge. Finally, we present a general method for calculating closed-form expressions for amplitudes and isotropic gauge Hamiltonians in the test-particle limit at all orders in the PM expansion.
Heusler interfaces—Opportunities beyond spintronics?

Heusler compounds, in both cubic and hexagonal polymorphs, exhibit a remarkable range of electronic, magnetic, elastic, and topological properties, rivaling that of the transition metal oxides. To date, research on these quantum materials has focused primarily on bulk magnetic and thermoelectric properties or on applications in spintronics. More broadly, however, Heuslers provide a platform for discovery and manipulation of emergent properties at well-defined crystalline interfaces. Here, motivated by advances in the epitaxial growth of layered Heusler heterostructures, I present a vision for Heusler interfaces, focusing on the frontiers and challenges that lie beyond spintronics. The ability to grow these materials epitaxially on technologically important semiconductor substrates, such as GaAs, Ge, and Si, provides a direct path for their integration with modern electronics. Further advances will require new methods to control the stoichiometry and defects to “electronic grade” quality and to control the interface abruptness and ordering at the atomic scale.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection and ECG Classification based on CNN-BiLSTM.

It is challenging to visually detect heart disease from the electrocardiographic (ECG) signals. Implementing an automated ECG signal detection system can help diagnosis arrhythmia in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. In this paper, we proposed, implemented, and compared an automated system using two different frameworks of the combination of convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) for classifying normal sinus signals, atrial fibrillation, and other noisy signals. The dataset we used is from the MIT-BIT Arrhythmia Physionet. Our approach demonstrated that the cascade of two deep learning network has higher performance than the concatenation of them, achieving a weighted f1 score of 0.82. The experimental results have successfully validated that the cascade of CNN and LSTM can achieve satisfactory performance on discriminating ECG signals.
Relevant Anatomy in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Minimally invasive surgery plays an important role in diagnosing and treating urological diseases in children. Increasing availability, integration, and innovations in techniques and technology continue to expand the role of laparoscopic and robotic surgery in the field. However, performing minimally invasive surgery in the pediatric patient differs from the adult patient, and requires specific considerations beyond a difference in scale. The following chapter highlights important anatomical structures and differences to take into account during laparoscopic and robotic treatment of urological diseases in pediatric patients. An understanding of anatomy is critical for successful minimally invasive access and surgical outcomes. Here we cover the anatomy of the abdominal wall as it is relevant to access, as well as the retroperitoneum.
Developing Pre-Service Teachers’ Skills in Post-Secondary Transition Through Applied Practice

The need for special educators who can support students with disabilities in the transition to adulthood is well documented in the literature. In this article, we will report on the program improve...
Veterinary Reproductive Programs

Reproduction influences farm gross income about 10%. Gross margin per cow is maximized when herd pregnancy rate (pregnancy efficiency) is above 30%. Pregnancy rate (PR) is calculated as the heat detection rate (HDR) times the conception rate (CR). Since CR is typically below 40% on most farms, HDR needs to be above 80% to achieve a PR above 30%. Herd reproductive programs are most effective when they are used to control HDR. Furthermore, first insemination heat detection rates have a higher economic value than repeat heat detection rates. Synchronization programs using prostaglandin alone or in combination with GnRH have a high potential return for producers to improve reproductive efficiency. Synchronization programs have value on dairy farms as they control HDR, improve labor efficiency for insemination, and coordinate veterinary activities for pregnancy examination on a scheduled basis.
Migration Networks and Location Decisions: Evidence from US Mass Migration

This paper studies how birth town migration networks affected long-run location decisions during historical US migration episodes. We develop a new method to estimate the strength of migration networks for each receiving and sending location. Our estimates imply that when one randomly chosen African American moved from a Southern birth town to a destination county, then 1.9 additional Black migrants made the same move on average. For White migrants from the Great Plains, the average is only 0.4. Networks were particularly important in connecting Black migrants with attractive employment opportunities and played a larger role in less costly moves.
Methods for Identifying Health Research Gaps, Needs, and Priorities: a Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND Well-defined, systematic, and transparent processes to identify health research gaps, needs, and priorities are vital to ensuring that available funds target areas with the greatest potential for impact. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to characterize methods conducted or supported by research funding organizations to identify health research gaps, needs, or priorities. METHOD We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science up to September 2019. Eligible studies reported on methods to identify health research gaps, needs, and priorities that had been conducted or supported by research funding organizations. Using a published protocol, we extracted data on the method, criteria, involvement of stakeholders, evaluations, and whether the method had been replicated (i.e., used in other studies). RESULTS Among 10,832 citations, 167 studies were eligible for full data extraction. More than half of the studies employed methods to identify both needs and priorities, whereas about a quarter of studies focused singularly on identifying gaps (7%), needs (6%), or priorities (14%) only. The most frequently used methods were the convening of workshops or meetings (37%), quantitative methods (32%), and the James Lind Alliance approach, a multi-stakeholder research needs and priority setting process (28%). The most widely applied criteria were importance to stakeholders (72%), potential value (29%), and feasibility (18%). Stakeholder involvement was most prominent among clinicians (69%), researchers (66%), and patients and the public (59%). Stakeholders were identified through stakeholder organizations (51%) and purposive (26%) and convenience sampling (11%). Only 4% of studies evaluated the effectiveness of the methods and 37% employed methods that were reproducible and used in other studies. DISCUSSION To ensure optimal targeting of funds to meet the greatest areas of need and maximize outcomes, a much more robust evidence base is needed to ascertain the effectiveness of methods used to identify research gaps, needs, and priorities.