cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent tectonics of the Blanco Ridge, eastern blanco transform fault zone

Bathymetric, hydro-acoustic, seismic, submersible, and gravity data are used to investigate the active tectonics of the eastern Blanco Transform Fault Zone (BTFZ). The eastern BTFZ is dominated by the ∼150 km long transform-parallel Blanco Ridge (BR) which is a right-lateral strike-slip fault bordered to the east and west by the Gorda and Cascadia Depressions. Acoustic locations, fault-parameter information, and slip vector estimates of 43 earthquakes (M w≥3.8) that occurred along the eastern BTFZ over the last 5 years reveal that the Blanco Ridge is a high-angle right-lateral strike-slip fault, with a small component of dip-slip motion, where the Juan de Fuca plate is the hanging wall relative to the Pacific plate. Furthermore, the Cascadia and Gorda basins are undergoing normal faulting with extension predominantly oblique to the transform trend. Seafloor submersible observations agree with previous hypotheses that the active transform fault trace is the elongate basin that runs the length of the BR summit. Brecciated and undeformed basalt, diabase, and gabbro samples were collected at the four submersible survey sites along the Blanco Ridge. These petrologic samples indicate the Blanco Ridge is composed of an ocean crustal sequence that has been uplifted and highly fractured. The petrologic samples also appear to show an increase in elevation of the crustal section from east to west along the Blanco Ridge, with gabbros exposed at a shallower depth farther west along the southern (Pacific plate side) BR ridge flank. Further supporting evidence for BR uplift exists in the seismic reflection profiles across the BR showing uplift of turbidite sequences along the north and south ridge base, and gravity and magnetics profiles that indicate possible basement uplift and a low-density zone centered on the ridge's Pacific plate side. The BR formation mechanism preferred here is first, uplift achieved partially through strike-slip motion (with a small dip-slip component). Second, seawater penetration along the fault into the lower crust upper mantle, which then enhanced formation and intrusion of a mantle-derived serpentinized-peridotite diapir into the shallow ocean crust, causing further uplift along the fault.
Vector Targeting in Gene Therapy

In gene therapy, current vector systems demonstrate insufficient expression and lack of specificity, resulting in poor curative effects in target cells and/or high toxicity to nontarget cells. Thus, vector optimization is critical for the derivation of efficient clinical gene therapeutics. Recently, adenoviral vectors have been targeted at the level of transduction and transcription to overcome these issues. Using genetic capsid modification techniques, adapter molecules with tissue-specific antibodies and tissue-specific promoters (TSPs), these vectors can be efficiently targeted. These strategies are applicable for many types of target cells and are compatible with a variety of targeting molecules. These combinations are aimed at improving therapeutic index of diseases such as cancers, as well as nonmalignant diseases such as pulmonary hypertension. Keywords: Fiber (of Viruses); Promoter; Transcription; Transcriptional Targeting; Transductional Targeting; Tropism
TURKISH CONSUMER DECISIONS AFFECTING ICE CREAM CONSUMPTION

The aim of the study is to determine the main factors affecting the national-branded ice cream preferences of Turkish consumers, and to analyze the relationships between their preferences and consumption amounts. The data obtained from 400 households in Kahramanmaras, Turkey were used for Principal Component, K-Means Cluster and Multiple Regression Analyses. The results of the study highlighted clearly that the consumers of the high (C1), middle (C2) and low-income users (C3) satisfied with the manufacturer brand, the individual private label, and the retailer brands on the ice cream purchase decision and consumption amounts, respectively. The manufacturers, retailers and marketers of the ice cream, therefore, should implement effectively the manufacturer brand, the private label and the retailer brand for C1, C2 and C3, respectively, and then they could also increase the demand trends of the target consumers segments satisfied.
Dysphasia without Repetition Disturbance

The Syndrome of Broca’s dysphasia often evolves over a period of months and sometimes years from an initial stage of global dysphasia, but may occasionally appear in its own right as an acute dysphasia. In the completely developed picture of Broca’s dysphasia, spontaneous speech is nonfluent and agrammatic, while auditory comprehension is preserved at levels adequate for understanding most conversation and even at nearly normal levels in some patients. Sentence repetition is seriously impaired, although repetition of one- or two-word segments may be possible. Writing is usually on a par with speech. Reading aloud parallels the limited Output of spontaneous speech but reading for meaning, though sometimes slow and painstaking, is usually preserved at the level of auditory comprehension. Naming on visual confrontation is often slightly superior to the ability to generate names in spontaneous speech or in response to word definitions. Right hemiparesis affecting the arm more than the leg, buccofacial apraxia, and ideomotor apraxia of the motorically spared left Upper extremity are common. In the acute stage, if the initial deficit of auditory comprehension is mild, disturbances of writing are minimal and hemiparesis is not marked, and rapid improvement from a State of severe nonfluency is to be expected over several days or weeks. In these latter patients, agrammatism, as measured in handwriting samples or in a story completion task in which the patient is required to supply the proper grammatical form of a word that completes a sentence, is not prominent.
Bacterial Metabolism of para- and meta-Xylene: Oxidation of a Methyl Substituent

Pseudomonas Pxy was isolated on p-xylene as sole source of carbon and energy. Substrates that supported growth were toluene, p-methylbenzyl alcohol, p-tolualdehyde, p-toluic acid, and the analogous m-methyl derivatives, including m-xylene. Cell extracts prepared from Pseudomonas Pxy after growth with either p-xylene or m-xylene oxidized the p- and m-isomers of tolualdehyde as well as p-methylbenzyl alcohol. The same cell extracts also catalyzed a “meta” fission of both 3- and 4-methylcatechol. Treatment of Pseudomonas Pxy with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine led to the isolation of two mutant strains. Pseudomonas Pxy-40, when grown on succinate in the presence of p-xylene, accumulated p-toluic acid in the culture medium. Under the same conditions Pseudomonas Pxy-82 accumulated p-toluic acid and also 4-methylcatechol. When Pseudomonas Pxy-82 was grown on succinate in the presence of m-xylene, 3-methylcatechol and 3-methylsalicylic acid were excreted into the culture medium. A pathway is proposed for the initial reactions utilized by Pseudomonas Pxy to oxidize p- and m-xylene.
A Lack of Substorm Expansion Phases During Magnetic Storms Induced by Magnetic Clouds

Eleven magnetic storms induced by magnetic clouds (MCs) are studied using Wind interplanetary data and Polar nightside auroral UV images. MCs were specifically chosen because the magnetic field directionality typically varies smoothly with time. Substorms were detected in only ∼half of the storm main phases (where UV images were available). In the other 5 events, the storm main phase auroras were characterized by longitudinally broad, moderate-intensity displays distributed over the entire nightside oval. The auroras in the 19 to 24 LT sector were centered at ∼62°-65° MLAT and often with a second band at higher, ∼70°-72° MLAT. Dawn and dusk auroras were typically more intense than midnight sector auroras. The most prominent auroral forms were north-south aligned patches. They extended ∼1 hr in LT by ∼5° in MLAT, and had durations of ∼3 to 6 min. The patches occurred at all local times in the nightside sector and often attached the two auroral bands (double oval) in the premidnight sector. Researchers have ascribed these patches to be the ionospheric manifestations of bursty bulk flows occurring in the plasmasheet. Two of the storms without apparent substorms were caused by interplanetary electric fields > 5 mV/m with durations > 3 hr, but had anomalously low D ST values (D ST > -100 nT). We suggest 3 possible mechanisms to explain the weak storm intensities: 1) a lack of substorms lead to lower O + ion production, 2) a lack of substorm dipolarizations lead to lower plasmasheet temperatures, and 3) the low density magnetic cloud plasma enters the near-Earth plasmasheet rapidly. Finally we present a testable scenario for substorms occurring during a magnetic cloud induced magnetic storm.
Training air traffic controller trust in automation within a nextgen environment

To meet the increasing demands for air travel in the U.S., the NextGen program is introducing new automation tools and changing the way that operators in the National Airspace System perform their jobs. Air traffic controllers in NextGen will rely on these automation tools to successfully manage aircraft in their sector. It is important that these operators be sufficiently trained, and that they trust the automation tools. Yet, no research has attempted to directly train individuals to trust automation. We report on a training study that was designed to train novice air traffic controllers to trust the automated tools of NextGen in a radar internship course. We then evaluate how the students' trust in automation influenced their performance, workload, and situation awareness.
Intestinal Adaptation to Dietary Calcium Restriction: In Vivo Cecal and Colonic Calcium Transport in The Rat

Small intestinal calcium transport adapts to dietary calcium restriction, but conservation of calcium by the ileum is incomplete. To examine the role of large intestine in calcium homeostasis, weight-matched growing rats were placed on semisynthetic diets containing 1.2 or 0.02% calcium. After 3 to 4 weeks, net calcium movements in cecum and colon (large bowel excluding cecum and distal rectum) were studied in vivo by perfusing a 0.4, 0.8, or 3.4 mM calcium solution. In animals taking 1.2% calcium, the cecum absorbed calcium actively at 0.8 mM; the colon showed net secretion except at 3.4 mM. In calcium-restricted animals, the cecum absorbed at all concentrations; the colon reduced secretion at 0.4 mM, converted to net absorption at 0.8 mM, and greatly increased net absorption at 3.4 mM. These observations suggest that the large intestine may have a role in calcium homeostasis, particularly when dietary calcium is restricted.
In vivo exploration of the significance of N-glycolylneuraminic acid exclusion from the vertebrate brain (787.3)

Sialic acids are acidic sugars often occupying the non-reducing terminus of glycans. In mammals, the major sialic acids are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The nucleotide donor CMP-Neu5Gc is biosynthesized from CMP-Neu5Ac by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (Cmah). Regulation of Cmah expression results in markedly varying ratios of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc among different tissues in different animal species. However, the brain shows extremely low Neu5Gc expression (<3%) in all species tested to date. We used Neu5Gc-overexpressing Cmah transgenic mice to ask if brain expression of Neu5Gc negatively affects development and/or function. In initial attempts using CMV or NSE promoters, no live mice overexpressing Neu5Gc were obtained, suggesting toxicity. Next, we applied a Cre-loxP approach for controlled transgene-derived Cmah expression by Cre recombinase. Interestingly, forced Cmah expression did not show lethality or gross developmental defects with several different Cre mouse line...
Data Exploration Interactions and the ExBase System

This paper describes elements of data exploration interactions and the design philosophy of the ExBase (Exploration of DataBases) system. The ExBase system integrates a database management system with data visualization and analysis, for interactive data exploration. Knowledge about the interactions between user, data, and the system will be automatically recorded by the system for subsequent analysis. This approach will help define the user and system interface requirements for future data exploration environments. Our top-down design focuses on supporting user interactions and accommodating new technologies as they appear. We believe that new avenues for data exploration will be enabled because of this coupling.
Effect of Arginine 172 on the Binding of Apolipoprotein E to the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor

The region of apolipoprotein E (apoE) that interacts directly with the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor lies in the vicinity of residues 136-150, where lysine and arginine residues are crucial for full binding activity. However, defective binding of carboxyl-terminal truncations of apoE3 has suggested that residues in the vicinity of 170-183 are also important. To characterize and define the role of this region in LDL receptor binding, we created either mutants of apoE in which this region was deleted or in which arginine residues within this region were sequentially changed to alanine. Deletion of residues 167-185 reduced binding activity (15% of apoE3), and elimination of arginines at positions 167, 172, 178, and 180 revealed that only position 172 affected binding activity (2% of apoE3). Substitution of lysine for Arg(172) reduced binding activity to 6%, indicating a specific requirement for arginine at this position. The higher binding activity of the Delta167-185 mutant relative to the Arg(172) mutant (15% versus 2%) is explained by the fact that arginine residues at positions 189 and 191 are shifted in the deletion mutant into positions equivalent to 170 and 172 in the intact protein. Mutation of these residues and modeling the region around these residues suggested that the influence of Arg(172) on receptor binding activity may be determined by its orientation at a lipid surface. Thus, the association of apoE with phospholipids allows Arg(172) to interact directly with the LDL receptor or with other residues in apoE to promote its receptor-active conformation.
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsyin patients with spinal cord dysfunction

Patients with spinal cord dysfunction are at an increased risk for urolithiasis. A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in this population. Thirteen kidneys received 19 treatments averaging 2,350 shocks per renal unit. All but one of the stones showed good fragmentation; however, none of the patients was stone-free at three months. Four of 9 patients with long-term follow-up were stone-free at five to fifteen months. Our poor stone-free rate is similar to that found in other studies of patients with spinal cord dysfunction. ESWL was well tolerated in this population, however, the clearance of stones is poor and delayed.
Antimicrobial, Mechanical, and Moisture Barrier Properties of Low pH Whey Protein-based Edible Films Containing p-Aminobenzoic or Sorbic Acids

Low pH (5.2) whey protein isolate-based edible films containing p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) or sorbic acid (SA) were developed and assessed for inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in a disc diffusion assay. Water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and percent elongation (%E) were also determined. Using 1.5% PABA and SA, average inhibition zone diameters were 21.8, 14.6, 13.9, and 26.7, 10.5, 9.7 mm for L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and S. Typhimurium DT104, respectively. Three strains of S. Typhimurium DT104 were resistant to 0.5% SA. Addition of PABA and SA increased %E, but decreased TS. WVP was not affected by 0.5% and 0.75% SA; however, PABA increased WVP. Incorporer des agents antimicrobiens dans des films comestibles est une nouvelle methode pour accroitre l'innocuite et la duree de conservation de produits alimentaires prets a l'emploi. L'acide sorbique et surtout l'acide p-aminobenzoique ont une activite inhibitrice contre L. monocytogenes, E. coli et Salmonella enteridis. Dans cette etude, des films comestibles a base de proteines de lactoserum, a faible pH (5,2), contenant l'un de ces acides sont developpes et testes pour l'inhibition de L. monocytogenes, E. coli et Salmonella typhimurium. 3 souches de S. typhimurium sont resistantes a 0,5% d'acide sorbique. L'addition d'acide p-aminobenzoique et d'acide sorbique augmente le pourcentage d'elongation mais reduit la force de tension. La permeabilite a la vapeur d'eau n'est pas affectee par l'acide sorbique mais augmentee par l'acide p-aminobenzoique.
Resolution of racemic mixtures of chiral arenechromiumtricarbonyl complexes using a Bakerbond Chiralcel HPLC column

Abstract Racemic mixtures of eight new chiral arenechromiumtricarbonyl complexes were prepared and fully characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. These compounds, along with 25 previously reported chiral complexes were used to establish the ability of commercially available chiral HPLC columns to effect resolution of the mixtures. It was found that Bakerbond Chiralcel OD R columns, consisting of derivatized cellulose on silica gel, successfully resolve racemic mixtures of most arene complexes with good to excellent results. Some tentative patterns in the effect of functional groups and ring substitution on the separation efficiency have been identified and are discussed. Direct resolution of complex 22, ethyl-ortho-methoxybenzoate Cr(CO)3, was performed on the semipreparative scale. The resolved enantiomers were characterized by optical rotation measurements and gave the following data: band 1, tR′1 = 77.8 min, [α]58921 = +30.0 ± 4.1 °; band 2, tR′2 = 179.8 min, [α]58921 = −29.5±1.0°.
Effects of Thoracic Ramping on Whiplash Kinematics

Whiplash injuries result from differential motion between the head and thorax. Experimental investigations using human volunteers and full body cadavers have described thoracic ramping due to interaction with the seatback and straightening of the thoracic spine. The effect of this motion on cervical kinematics has not been investigated. A head-neck computer model was used to determine the effects of thoracic ramping on whiplash kinematics. The model consisted of skull, cervical spine, first thoracic vertebra, intervertebral discs, spinal ligaments, facet joints, and passive musculature, and was subjected to 2.7 m/sec rear impact velocity. Vertical acceleration of T1 was prescribed according to literature. Segmental angulations and region dependent facet joint capsular ligament distractions were obtained from levels C2-C3 through C7-T1 during the time of cervical S-curvature. Maximum capsular ligament distractions during this time occurred in the dorsal region at the C2-C3 level and in the lateral region at the C3-C4 through C7-T1 levels. Increasing magnitudes of T1 ramping decreased segmental angulations and ligament distractions by less than 20% in most cases. Results of the present investigation demonstrated that thoracic ramping may play a secondary role in whiplash kinematics.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Commitment to the Regulatory T Cell Lineage Requires CARMA1 in the Thymus but Not in the Periphery

Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) arise during thymic selection among thymocytes with modestly self-reactive T cell receptors. In vitro studies suggest Foxp3 can also be induced among peripheral CD4+ T cells in a cytokine dependent manner. Treg cells of thymic or peripheral origin may serve different functions in vivo, but both populations are phenotypically indistinguishable in wild-type mice. Here we show that mice with a Carma1 point mutation lack thymic CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells and demonstrate a cell-intrinsic requirement for CARMA1 in thymic Foxp3 induction. However, peripheral Carma1-deficient Treg cells could be generated and expanded in vitro in response to the cytokines transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). In vivo, a small peripheral Treg pool existed that was enriched at mucosal sites and could expand systemically after infection with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Our data provide genetic evidence for two distinct mechanisms controlling regulatory T cell lineage commitment. Furthermore, we show that peripheral Treg cells are a dynamic population that may expand to limit immunopathology or promote chronic infection.
Conformational dynamics of sialyl Lewisx in aqueous solution and its interaction with selectinE. A study by molecular dynamics.

Abstract Three dimensional structures of sialyl Lewisx (SLex) in aqueous solution and bound to selectinE are described based on an exhaustive conformational analysis and several long molecular dynamics simulations using different glycosidic regions as starting conformations. It appears from this study that when the oligosaccharide is free in solution the NeuNAca(2–3)Gal segment favors glycosidic conformation in three different regions in the plane with propensity of populations in the ratio 1:8:1. Each one of these structures is characteristically stabilized by specific hydrogen bonding interaction between NeuNAc and Gal. On the other hand, the Gal-GlcNAc-Fuc segment can exist in four different conformational states. Based on the topology of SLex we are able to predict that out of all the allowed conformations in solution only two of these structures possess a geometry that would fit without steric clashes into the binding location of selectinE. In both of these binding modes, segment Gal-GlcNAc-Fuc adopt...
Distributed Reinforcement Learning Control for Batch Sequencing and Sizing in Just-In-Time Manufacturing Systems

This paper presents an approach that is suitable for Just-In-Time (JIT) production for multi-objective scheduling problem in dynamically changing shop floor environment. The proposed distributed learning and control (DLC) approach integrates part-driven distributed arrival time control (DATC) and machine-driven distributed reinforcement learning based control. With DATC, part controllers adjust their associated parts' arrival time to minimize due-date deviation. Within the restricted pattern of arrivals, machine controllers are concurrently searching for optimal dispatching policies. The machine control problem is modeled as Semi Markov Decision Process (SMDP) and solved using Q-learning. The DLC algorithms are evaluated using simulation for two types of manufacturing systems: family scheduling and dynamic batch sizing. Results show that DLC algorithms achieve significant performance improvement over usual dispatching rules in complex real-time shop floor control problems for JIT production.
Two Oscillators Are Better Than One: A Circadian Pacemaker Escapes from the Light

Continuous light exposure can suppress circadian rhythms. In this issue of Neuron , Murad et al. demonstrate that, under certain genetic conditions, a novel cluster of pacemaker neurons can drive rhythmic behavior in constant light. Surprisingly, these neurons are distinct from those thought to drive rhythms in constant darkness.
Economic impact from Northwest Agriculture Market Connections Program: An oral history

Is it profitable for a farmer or fisher to market his/her food directly to restaurants? Is it feasible for a restaurant to buy directly from local farmers and fishermen? In an increasingly globalized food economy, localized efforts to restore the vital connection between those who grow and harvest our food and those who prepare or present it continue to gain steam. Nowhere is the trend more evident than at the Farmer–Chef Connection and Fisherman Chef-Connection conferences in the Pacific Northwest. Created in 2001 by Ecotrust and the Portland Chapter of the Chefs Collaborative, the first Farmer–Chef Connection conference attracted 42 farmers, 26 food buyers. In 2004, the conference attracted over 225 attendees. The Fisherman–Chef Connection is much smaller, but interest is growing. By building the necessary infrastructure for direct marketing of locally grown food and responsibly caught seafood, food buyers, farmers and fishermen work in partnership to provide a high-quality product that not only tastes good, but aims to maintain the region's cultural identity. An oral history project has been conducted by Oregon State University's Experiment Station, Food Innovation Center in partnership with Ecotrust Food and Farms program under new leadership. Areas of concentration pertain to annual conference attendance, use of the Guide to Local & Seasonal Products to buy and sell locally grown food, and stories and individual philosophies about growing a strong, regional food system in the Northwest United States.
Glial response to neuronal activity: GFAP-mRNA and protein levels are transiently increased in the hippocampus after seizures

Abstract We have recently demonstrated that electrically induced seizures lead to dramatic increases in mRNA for GFAP in areas in which seizures occur. The present study evaluates the time course of the changes in the GFAP-mRNA levels after seizures and the relationship between these changes and GFAP protein levels to understand the role of neuronal activity in regulating glial gene expression. GFA protein and mRNA levels were measured in hippocampi from rats in which seizures were induced by: (1) 50-Hz stimulus trains delivered 12 times over the course of 1 day via indwelling electrodes implanted chronically in the CA3 region of the hippocampus; and (2) intraperitoneal injections of pentylenetetrazol. In the case of the electrically induced seizures, we also compared the glial response in animals that had never experienced a seizure with the response in animals that previously had been kindled but had not experienced a seizure for 30 days. Electrically induced seizures led to rapid transient increases in GFAP-mRNA levels in the hippocampus ipsi- and contralateral to the stimulation. GFAP-mRNA increased about five-fold 1 day after the end of seizure activity and returned to near-control levels by 4 days. There were no detectable increases in GFA protein at 1 day but by 2 days GFA protein levels had increased about two-fold. GFA protein levels remained elevated until 4 days poststimulation and then began to decrease. The responses were similar when seizures were induced in kindled animals, except that the GFAP protein levels remained elevated for somewhat longer. Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures also led to increases in GFAP-mRNA and GFA protein levels but the extent of the increases was not as great as after kindled seizures. These results suggest that gene expression in astrocytes in likely to be upregulated in any situation in which seizures occur. These changes may fundamentally alter the homeostatic activities of the affected astrocytes which, in turn, could have important consequences on the development of the epileptic state.
Is gonadotrope expression of the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor gene mediated by autocrine/paracrine stimulation of an activin response element?

Expression of the FSHβ subunit and GnRH receptor (GnRHR) genes in gonadotropes is stimulated by activin. We sought to identify this cis-acting element(s) in the murine GnRHR gene promoter which confer activin responsiveness. We established that 600 bp of 5′flanking sequence from the murine GnRHR gene were sufficient to confer activin responsiveness in the gonadotrope-derived αT3-1 cell line. Sinceα T3-1 cells, like gonadotropes, secrete activin, we examined the ability of follistatin, an activin binding protein, to block the activin response. Increasing concentrations of follistatin from 0 to 100 ng/ml resulted in a dose dependent decrease in activity of the− 600 promoter. Contained within this region are three elements important for expression in αT3-1 cells; a Steroidogenic Factor-1 binding site (SF-1), an Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) element, and an element termed the GnRH receptor activating sequence or GRAS. A block mutation of GRAS inhibited the ability of the promoter to respond to follistatin. A mor...
Computing thermomechanical properties of crosslinked epoxy by molecular dynamic simulations

Abstract This paper reports the use of molecular dynamics simulations to study the thermomechanical properties of an epoxy molding compound formed by curing tri/tetra-functionalized EPN1180 with Bisphenol-A. An interactive crosslinking-relaxation methodology is developed to construct the simulation cell. This crosslinking-relaxation methodology allows the construction of highly crosslinked polymer network from a given set of monomers. Based on this computational algorithm, three-dimensional simulation cells can be constructed. By using an existing polymer consistent force-field, several thermomechanical properties of the model epoxy are computed such as the curing induced shrinkage, gelation point, coefficient of thermal expansion, glass transition temperature, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. The dependence of these properties on crosslink density and temperature is also investigated. Simulated results are compared with existing theoretical or experimentally measured values when available. Good agreements are observed.
Further Results Concerning the Dynamic Response of Shear Deformable Elastic Orthotropic Plates

The dynamic response of orthotropic and transversely-isotropic flat plates to dynamic transverse loading and in-plane tensile loads constitutes the main topic of this paper. The dynamic loading conditions considered herein include sine, rectangular and triangular pulses while spatially, they are considered as sinusoidally distributed. The results obtained as per a higher-order plate theory are compared with their first order transverse shear deformation and classical counterparts. In addition, some results concerning the associated free-vibration and bi-axial buckling of such plates are presented and comparisons with some of the available results are undertaken. Die dynamische Reaktion von orthotropen und transversal-isotropen dunnen Platten, die inneren Zugbelastungen ausgesetzt sind, auf dynamische, transversale Belastung bildet den Hauptgegenstand dieser Arbeit. Die dynamischen Belastungen, die hier betrachtet werden, umfassen Sinus-, Rechteck- und Dreieck-Impulse, wahrend dreidimensionale als sinusformig verteilte Belastungen betrachtet werden. Die gewonnenen Resultate, erhalten aus einer Plattentheorie hoherer Ordnung, werden mit ihren transversalen Schubdeformationen erster Ordnung und klassischen Gegenstucken verglichen. Auserdem werden einige Resultate dargestellt, die die damit verbundene freie Schwingung und zweiachsige Ausknickung solcher Platten betreffen, und es werden Vergleiche mit einigen der erhaltenen Ergebnisse angestellt.
Disruption of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FAT1 Gene Decreases Very Long-chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase Activity and Elevates Intracellular Very Long-chain Fatty Acid Concentrations

Abstract Activation of fatty acids to their coenzyme A derivatives is necessary for subsequent metabolism. Very long-chain fatty acids, which accumulate in tissues of patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, are activated by very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (VLCS) normally found in peroxisomes and microsomes. We identified a candidate yeast VLCS gene (FAT1), previously identified as encoding afatty acid transport protein, by its homology to rat liver peroxisomal VLCS. Disruption of this gene decreased, but did not abolish, cellular VLCS activity. Fractionation studies showed that VLCS activity, but not long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity, was reduced to about 40% of wild-type level in both 27,000 × g supernatant and pellet fractions. Separation of organelles in the pellet fraction by density gradient centrifugation revealed that VLCS activity was associated with peroxisomes and microsomes but not mitochondria. FAT1deletion strains exhibited decreased growth on medium containing dextrose, oleic acid, and cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis. FAT1 deletion strains grown on either dextrose or oleic acid medium accumulated very long-chain fatty acids. Compared with wild-type yeast, C22:0, C24:0, and C26:0 levels were increased approximately 20-, 18-, and 3-fold in deletion strains grown on dextrose, and 2-, 7-, and 5-fold in deletion strains grown on oleate. Long-chain fatty acid levels in wild-type and deletion strains were not significantly different. All biochemical defects in FAT1deletion strains were restored to normal after functional complementation with the FAT1 gene. The level of VLCS activity measured in both wild-type and deletion yeast strains transformed with FAT1 cDNA paralleled the level of expression of the transgene. The extent of both the decrease in peroxisomal VLCS activity and the very long-chain fatty acid accumulation in the yeast FAT1 deletion model resembles that observed in cells from X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients. These studies suggest that the FAT1 gene product has VLCS activity that is essential for normal cellular very long-chain fatty acid homeostasis.
Property rights, entrepreneurship and coordination

Abstract The notion of plan coordination enjoys a central place in the analysis of institutions and competitive market processes. The conventional wisdom is that institutions and policies vary in the extent to which they promote competition and how quickly and completely they bring individuals’ plans into closer coordination with one another. Kirzner has provided the most fully elaborated statement on the use of coordination as a positive analytical device for explaining market dynamics and as a normative criterion for evaluating economic policies. We identify the core propositions in his analysis that elucidate how economic coordination depends upon that most fundamental of market institutions – the system of private property rights. We also probe into Kirzner's claims about inherent limitations in our ability to compare the coordinative potential of alternative property rights systems. We unpack the consequences of these core propositions using the economic theory of property rights. We also examine Kirzner's assertion that dynamic competition – including Schumpeterian innovation – is necessarily coordinative in its market effects. We find that his argument rests on the implicit assumption that property rights remain constant during the process of market adjustment. We provide a case study of the advent of commercial aviation as a potential counterexample to his claims.
Tilt from a head-inverted position produces displacement of visual subjective vertical in the opposite direction

Observers who lie supine with their heads inverted report large (up to 60 deg) tilt of a light line in an otherwise dark room when their heads and/or bodies are tilted. Most observers report that visual subjective vertical is tilted in the direction opposite to the head/body tilt. The results can be interpreted by employing a model developed by Mittelstaedt (1983), which suggests that visual subjective vertical is derived from a gravity vector transduced by vestibular and somesthetic receptors combined with 'idiotropic vectors' that represent the orientation of the observer's own head and body axes.
A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations

A procedure for conducting adsorption studies at low suspended solid concentrations in natural waters (<50 mg l−1) is described. Methodological complications previously associated with such experiments have been overcome. Adsorption of zinc ion onto synthetic colloidal titania (TiO2) was studied as a function of pH, supporting electrolyte (NaCl) concentration (0·1-0·002 m) and particle concentration (2–50 mg l−1). The lack of success of the Davis Leckie site bonding model in describing Zn(II) adsorption emphasizes the need for further studies of adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations.
Chlorpromazine-induced hepatotoxicity during inflammation is mediated by TIRAP-dependent signaling pathway in mice

Inflammation is a major component of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs). To understand the molecular mechanism of inflammation-mediated IADRs, we determined the role of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of the anti-psychotic drug, chlorpromazine (CPZ). Activation of TLRs recruits the first adaptor protein, Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) to the TIR domain of TLRs leading to the activation of the downstream kinase, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Prolonged activation of JNK leads to cell-death. We hypothesized that activation of TLR2 by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will augment the hepatotoxicity of CPZ by TIRAP-dependent mechanism involving prolonged activation of JNK. Adult male C57BL/6, TIRAP(+/+) and TIRAP(-/-) mice were pretreated with saline, LPS (2 mg/kg) or LTA (6 mg/kg) for 30 min or 16 h followed by CPZ (5 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle) up to 24h. We found that treatment of mice with CPZ in presence of LPS or LTA leads to ~3-4 fold increase in serum ALT levels, a marked reduction in hepatic glycogen content, significant induction of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and prolonged JNK activation, compared to LPS or LTA alone. Similar results were observed in TIRAP(+/+) mice, whereas the effects of LPS or LTA on CPZ-induced hepatotoxicity were attenuated in TIRAP(-/-) mice. For the first time, we show that inflammation-mediated hepatotoxicity of CPZ is dependent on TIRAP, and involves prolonged JNK activation in vivo. Thus, TIRAP-dependent pathways may be targeted to predict and prevent inflammation-mediated IADRs.
Chemical genetics to examine cellulose biosynthesis.

Long-term efforts to decode plant cellulose biosynthesis via molecular genetics and biochemical strategies are being enhanced by the ever-expanding scale of omics technologies. An alternative approach to consider are the prospects for inducing change in plant metabolism using exogenously supplied chemical ligands. Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBI) have been identified among known herbicides, during diverse combinatorial chemical libraries screens, and natural chemical screens from microbial agents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the inhibitory effects of CBIs and further group them by how they influence fluorescently tagged cellulose synthase A (CESA) proteins. Additional attention is paid to the continuing development of the CBI toolbox to explore the cell biology and genetic mechanisms underpinning effector molecule activity.
Modulated photoemission spectroscopy: Application to Au☆

Abstract We describe modulated photoemission spectroscopy, in which an internal (sample) parameter such as temperature, or an external (apparatus) parameter such as wavelength is varied. A general formalism is developed for modulated photoemission spectroscopy and then illustrated using temperature modulated photoemission spectra and yields for Au obtained in the ∼ 6 to 11.6 eV photon energy range. Modulated s-p band photoemission data are described in terms of photoemission critical points in order to explain the nature of the modulated structures in the s-p band region and relate experiment to energy band thresholds obtained from a recent band calculation for Au. Application of the formalism to modulated d-band emission leads to a method for extracting d-band deformation potentials. For example, we find that the upper d band edge moves upward with respect to E F at a rate of 2 to 6 × 10 −4 eV/K. Modulation of the quantum yield is described and our measurements are compared with modulated optical data.
Stanford University general purpose microelectrode fabrication process (neuroscience research application)

Microelectrode arrays have designed using standard CAD programs utilizing a construction-set approach. The microelectrode sites, interconnect metal lines, and bond pad areas are available as predefined cells that can be recombined easily to obtain various array geometries. The microelectrodes themselves are defined by choosing the appropriate opening sizes in the passivation layer over standard metal microelectrode pads. The fabrication process used for these arrays is easily implemented with standard integrated-circuit processing equipment. It can be used stand-alone to fabricate passive arrays or added to commercial integrated-circuit processes for active arrays. Microelectrode characterization and experimental results are presented. >
Non-specific terminology: Moderating shame and guilt in eating disorders

To examine the effects of terminology on affect, 110 women with eating disorders were randomly assigned to read a manufactured discussion thread with uses of the term "acting out," a thread with clinical terms, or were assigned to a no-reading control. An interaction effect was found in which participants who were treated at a day or inpatient level and were in the "acting out" condition experienced reductions in shame and guilt, while those in the clinical term condition experienced increases in shame and guilt, relative to control participants. The ability of terminology to moderate shame and guilt in this population has implications for clinical practice.
Persistence of equilibria for locally asymptotically stable systems

In this paper, we derive a necessary condition for local asymptotic stability of equilibria of nonlinear systems with parameters. As a corollary of our general result, we deduce Brockett's necessary condition for local asymptotic stability of equilibria of nonlinear autonomous systems. The proof we give, however, is quite different from the existing proofs in the literature. We show by way of an example that our new necessary condition is stronger than Brockett's necessary condition, but retains much of the user-friendly appeal of Brockett's criterion. We further illustrate our result with more examples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revealing the Vulnerability of People and Places: A Case Study of Georgetown County, South Carolina

Losses from environmental hazards have escalated in the past decade, prompting a reorientation of emergency management systems away from simple postevent response. There is a noticeable change in p...
HET HUIS VAN DR. JOHN STORER

Wat gebeurt er als een vermaarde architect die slordigmet budgetten omgaat een welgestelde tandarts als client heeft die heel goed op de centen let?
Enforced Tourists: American Women, Travel, and the ‘Far-Flung Fronts’ of World War II

The exigencies of World War II resulted in a massive expansion of travel opportunities for American women, both civilian and military, that formed an essential ingredient of their wartime experience. As enforced tourists, the geographical centres and states of knowledge of American women were greatly expanded as they travelled to distant and remote areas, met new people, took on new jobs, encountered different cultures and ways of life, and established themselves and their families in unknown locations. The far-reaching consequences of enforced wartime travel played an important role in transforming the way American women thought about themselves and their world, and the legacy of the war continues to reverberate in women's lives. Much has been written about how major wars have given rise to postwar pilgrimages, battlefield tours, and the establishment of commemorative memorials and museums, but the significance of enforced tourists who travelled during wartime itself has not been fully explored. The far-...
The effect of flash annealing on the mechanical and electrical properties of previously used AM2 mats composed of Al 6061-T6

Abstract Used AM2 mats (aircraft landing platforms) composed of Aluminum 6061-T6 were machined into tensile and conductivity bars. Samples were then subjected to five different temperatures: 315.6, 371.1, 426.7, 482.2 and 537.8 °C (600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °F), seven different time intervals (10, 20, 30, 70, 90, 120 and 150 s), and eight different exposure times (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 times). The ultimate strength, yield strength, and percent elongation of the samples were determined. Conductivity and hardness tests were also performed to assess the effect of thermal exposure.
Goal continuity as a mediator of early retirement adjustment: testing a multidimensional model

From a self-psychology perspective adaptation to cvhanges in life depends on the ability to maintain stable and meaningful life goals and purpose, or goal continuity. Goal continuity was hypothesized to be a mediator of early retirement adjustment, being a variable between personal and social resources and life adjustment.
Implementing advanced manufacturing technology: An integrated planning model

Abstract Investment in advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) remains a promising but potentially risky venture. Many firms that have adopted these new technologies have not been able to reap all the expected benefits. Since the technical abilities of the AMTs are relatively well-proven, there is a growing belief that managerial issues, from planning to implementation, present the major barrier to employing these technologies effectively. This article concentrates on the planning requirements for successful implementation of AMT. We first distil current thoughts from diverse disciplines to provide a better understanding of the AMT adoption process. We then incorporate these thoughts with our empirical research findings to propose an integrated planning (IPL) model for the acquisition of advanced manufacturing technology. This three-phase model incorporates the requirements for strategic planning, the matching of products with process, technology monitoring, integrated operational and organizational planning and formal investment appraisal prior to AMT acquisition. The IPL model provides a framework for managers to (1) continuously assess the ability of their current systems to meet strategic and operational objectives and (2) determine when the adoption of an innovative technology is warranted.
Turbulent Heat Transfer Measurements on a Wall With Concave and Cylindrical Dimples in a Square Channel

Dimpled surfaces may be considered for heat transfer enhancement in internal cooling of gas turbine airfoils. In this study, convective heat transfer and pressure drop for turbulent airflow in a square channel with a dimpled wall were examined. Experiments were conducted to determine the average heat transfer coefficient on the dimpled wall and the overall pressure drop across the channel, for nine concave and cylindrical dimples with various diameters and depths, and for Reynolds numbers (based on the channel hydraulic diameter) between 10,000 and 65,000. For the concave and cylindrical dimple configurations studied, the dimples were found to enhance the heat transfer coefficient by 70% (1.7 times) to over three times the value for fully developed turbulent flow through a smooth tube, with increase of the overall pressure drop of over four times. For both the concave and cylindrical dimples, heat transfer was enhanced more when the dimples covered a larger portion of the surface of the wall. The cylindrical dimples caused higher overall heat transfer coefficient (based on the projected area) and lower pressure drop than the concave dimples with the same diameters and depths. Thus, cylindrical dimple configuration may be a better alternative than concave dimples in enhancing heat transfer, for the experimental conditions and dimple configurations investigated. Further experiments are recommended to determine if cylindrical dimples of other dimensions also give higher thermal performances than concave dimples of the same dimensions, subjected to other flow and thermal boundary conditions, such as irregular channels with or without rotation.Copyright © 2002 by ASME