cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-Correlation in Four Dimensions: Application to the Quadruple-lined Spectroscopic System HD 110555

We develop a technique to measure radial velocities of stars from spectra that present four sets of lines. The algorithm is an extension of the two-dimensional cross-correlation method TODCOR to four dimensions. It computes the correlation of the observed spectrum against a combination of four templates with all possible shifts, and it also allows for the derivation of the light ratios of the components. After testing the algorithm and demonstrating its ability to measure Doppler shifts accurately even under conditions of heavy line blending, we apply it to the case of the quadruple-lined system HD 110555. The primary and secondary components of this previously known visual binary (ρ ~ 0.4'') are each shown to be double-lined spectroscopic binaries with periods of 57 days and 76 days, respectively, making the system a hierarchical quadruple. The secondary in the 76 day subsystem contributes only 2.5% to the total light, illustrating the ability of the method to measure velocities of very faint components.
Point spread function tails and the measurements of diffuse stellar halo light around edge‐on disc galaxies

Measuring the integrated stellar halo light around galaxies is very challenging. The surface brightness of these haloes is expected to be many magnitudes below dark sky and the central brightness of the galaxy. Here, I show that in some of the recent literature the effect of very extended Point Spread Function (PSF) tails on the measurements of halo light has been underestimated; especially in the case of edge-on disc galaxies. The detection of a halo along the minor axis of an edge-on galaxy in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field can largely be explained by scattered galaxy light. Similarly, depending on filter and the shape one assumes for the uncertain extended PSF, 20–80 per cent of the halo light found along the minor axis of scaled and stacked Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) edge-on galaxy images can be explained by scattered galaxy light. Scattered light also significantly contributes to the anomalous halo colours of stacked SDSS images. The scattered light fraction decreases when looking in the quadrants away from the minor axis. The remaining excess light is well modelled with
Schreier graphs of actions of Thompson's group F on the unit interval and on the Cantor set

Schreier graphs of the actions of Thompson’s group $$F$$ on the orbits of all points of the unit interval and of the Cantor set with respect to the standard generating set $$\{x_0,x_1\}$$ are explicitly constructed. The closure of the space of pointed Schreier graphs of the action of $$F$$ on the orbits of dyadic rational numbers and corresponding Schreier dynamical system are described. In particular, we answer the question of Grigorchuk on the Cantor–Bendixson rank of the underlying space of the Schreier dynamical system in the context of $$F$$ . As applications we prove that the pointed Schreier graphs of points from $$(0,1)$$ are amenable, have infinitely many ends, and are pairwise non-isomorphic. Moreover, we prove that points $$x,y\in (0,1)$$ have isomorphic non-pointed Schreier graphs if and only if they belong to the same orbit of $$F$$ .
SPUD—Semantic Processing of Urban Data

Abstract We present SPUD , a semantic environment for cataloging, exploring, integrating, understanding, processing and transforming urban information. A series of challenges are identified: namely, the heterogeneity of the domain and the impracticality of a common model, the volume of information and the number of data sets, the requirement for a low entry threshold to the system, the diversity of the input data, in terms of format, syntax and update frequency (streams vs static data), the complex data dependencies and the sensitivity of the information. We propose an approach for the incremental and continuous integration of static and streaming data, based on Semantic Web technologies and apply our technology to a traffic diagnosis scenario. We demonstrate our approach through a system operating on real data in Dublin and we show that semantic technologies can be used to obtain business results in an environment with hundreds of heterogeneous datasets coming from distributed data sources and spanning multiple domains.
A Search for Cool Subdwarfs: Stellar Parameters for 134 Candidates

ABSTRACT The results of a search for cool subdwarfs are presented. Kinematic (U, V, and W) and stellar parameters (Teff, log g, [Fe/H], and \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $\xi _{t}$ \end{document} ) are derived for 134 candidate subdwarfs based on high‐resolution spectra. The observed stars span 4200 K < Teff < 6400 K and −2.70 < [Fe/H] < 0.25 including only eight giants (log g < 4.0). Of the sample, 100 stars have MgH bands present in their spectra. The targets were selected by their large reduced proper motion,...
Age, housing demand, and real house prices

Abstract Real house prices are directly determined by the willingness of households to pay for (and willingness of builders to supply) a constant-quality house. Changes in the quantity of housing demanded will affect real prices only to the extent that the long-run housing supply schedule is positively sloped. In this paper we use 1980 census data to measure the impact of the age structure, education and income on the willingness of households to pay for a constant-quality house. We compute total and partial derivatives for the effect of age on housing demand. The total derivatives—which carry along with age all of the average characteristics (i.e. income, marital status and education) associated with that age—look much like the Mankiw-Weil age-demand results. But the partial derivatives suggest that holding all else constant, the demand for housing tends to be flat or rising slightly with age. Since much is in fact held constant over the life-cycle, we believe that our partial derivatives more accurately depict the age-demand relationship and thus that the aging of the population should not be expected to lower real house prices.
Exact nonlinear control of spacecraft slewing maneuvers with internal momentum transfer

The recent literature on spacecraft slewing maneuvers relies on two techniques for taking nonlinear effects into acount: suboptimal torque commands are either generated by continuation techniques from open-loop laws arising from Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, or obtained by polynomial truncation of analytic feedback laws arising from Bellman's Qptimality Principle. Correction for suboptimality and unmodeled disturbances must then be carried out on-line based on a time-varying approximation of the error dynamics along the nominal state trajectory* In this paper it is shown how exact command generation and tracking can be obtained by standard linear methods through the prior construction of nonlinear coordinate transformations together with nonlinear feedback. The nonlinear equations of motion of a spacecraft controlled by internal reaction wheels are thereby transformed into three decoupled double integrators, driven by acceleration commands in attitude parameter space. Maneuver specifications are then transformed into the equivalent linear representation thus obtained, and codified into linear optimal control or path-planning problems with exact solutions, which are then transformed back. Moreover, correction for disturbances can also be carried out in the transformed linear representation, making gain scheduling unnecessary. Hardware and software implementation of the linearizing transformations is discussed, and corroborating simulation results are presented.
Crystal growth of a new series of layered tantalates LnKNaTaO5 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd)

Abstract We report the single crystal growth and structural characterization of a series of layered tantalates with the general formula Ln KNaTaO 5 ( Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) grown out of a molten KOH/NaOH eutectic. All these oxides crystallize in the tetragonal space group P 4/ nmm and form a layered structure in which tantalum is found in an uncommon square pyramidal coordination environment.
Diastereoselective Intermolecular Pauson−Khand Reactions of Chiral Cyclopropenes

In this Letter, it is demonstrated that the unusual reactivity of cyclopropenes can increase the scope and utility of intermolecular Pauson−Khand reactions. The well-defined chiral environment of cyclopropenes has a powerful influence on the diastereoselectivity of the reactions and leads to the production of a single cyclopentenone in each of the described cases. The cyclopropane ring strongly influences the stereochemistry of reactions at the enone, and the three-membered ring can subsequently be cleaved under mild conditions.
Confidence and cognitive test performance

This article examines the nature of confidence in relation to abilities, personality, and metacognition. Confidence scores were collected during the administration of Reading and Listening sections of the Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT) to 824 native speakers of English. Those confidence scores were correlated with performance accuracy scores from the TOEFL iBT and SAT, high school grade point averages (HS-GPA), and measures of personality and metacognition. The results of factor analyses indicate that confidence is a separate psychological trait, somewhere between ability and personality. The findings also suggest that confidence is related to, but separate from, metacognition. Gender and ethnic differences in confidence are also reported, with men and African Americans showing higher overconfidence bias than women and Whites or Hispanics, respectively. Finally, the data show small incremental validity of the confidence scores above and beyond the accuracy scores in predicting performance on the TOEFL iBT as a whole, the Writing and Speaking sections of the TOEFL iBT, and a test of numeracy. Confidence does not show incremental validity for the SAT and HS-GPA.
Facile Synthesis of 2,6-Disubstituted Benzobisthiazoles: Functional Monomers for the Design of Organic Semiconductors

The synthesis of several synthetically useful 2,6-disubstituted benzobisthiazoles is described. The method is based on the Lewis acid-catalyzed ring-closing reaction between substituted orthoesters and diamino benzene dithiol. The resulting benzobisthiazoles are obtained cleanly and in good yields. These materials are of interest for the development of new organic semiconductors.
Porphyrins with exocyclic rings. Part 23: Synthesis of porphyrins with large exocyclic rings—cyclohexadeca[b]pyrroles and porphyrins therefrom

Abstract Knorr-type condensation of cyclododecanone, cyclopentadecanone, and cyclohexadecanone with phenylhydrazones derived from acetoacetate esters in the presence of zinc dust at elevated temperatures gave the corresponding large ring cycloalka[b]pyrroles in excellent yields. A cyclohexadeca[b]pyrrole was reacted with lead tetraacetate to give an acetate derivative, and this condensed with α-unsubstituted pyrroles in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid in acetic acid to give a series of related dipyrrolic structures. Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl ester protective groups, followed by ‘2+2’ condensations with dipyrrylmethane dialdehydes, gave unusual cycloalkanoporphyrins with 16-membered exocyclic rings. When an alkyl group is situated next to the carbocyclic ring, proton NMR spectroscopy indicates that the conformational mobility of the carbocyclic unit is severely restricted.
Chiral photochemistry in a confined space: torquoselective photoelectrocyclization of pyridones within an achiral hydrophobic capsule

Chiral induction during the photoelectrocyclization of pyridones included within octa acid (OA) capsule has been established. Chiral induction is brought about by a chiral auxiliary appended to the reactive pyridone moiety. Importantly, the same chiral auxiliary while ineffective in acetonitrile solution is found to be effective within the confined space of OA capsule. The diastereomeric excess of 92% obtained here is comparable only to that in solid state. OA capsule, we believe, provides restriction to the rotational motions of the reactant pyridone and chiral auxiliary and thus places the chiral auxiliary in a selective conformation with respect to the reactive pyridone part. A correlation between the position of the methyl group on the pyridone ring and diastereoselectivity was noted. Structures of the host-guest complexes were examined by (1)H NMR and the data was used to obtain preliminary information concerning the mechanism of chiral induction within the confined spaces of OA capsule.
Energy-scales convergence for optimal and robust quantum transport in photosynthetic complexes

Underlying physical principles for the high efficiency of excitation energy transfer in light-harvesting complexes are not fully understood. Notably, the degree of robustness of these systems for transporting energy is not known considering their realistic interactions with vibrational and radiative environments within the surrounding solvent and scaffold proteins. In this work, we employ an efficient technique to estimate energy transfer efficiency of such complex excitonic systems. We observe that the dynamics of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex leads to optimal and robust energy transport due to a convergence of energy scales among all important internal and external parameters. In particular, we show that the FMO energy transfer efficiency is optimum and stable with respect to important parameters of environmental interactions including reorganization energy λ, bath frequency cutoff γ, temperature T, and bath spatial correlations. We identify the ratio of kBλT/ℏγ⁢g as a single key parameter governing quantum transport efficiency, where g is the average excitonic energy gap.
Fossils of reionization in the local group

We use a combination of high-resolution gas dynamics simulations of high-redshift dwarf galaxies and dissipationless simulations of a Milky Way sized halo to estimate the expected abundance and spatial distribution of the dwarf satellite galaxies that formed most of their stars around z {approx} 8 and evolved only little since then. Such galaxies can be considered as fossils of the reionization era, and studying their properties could provide a direct window into the early, pre-reionization stages of galaxy formation. We show that 5-15% of the objects existing at z {approx} 8 do indeed survive until the present in the MW like environment without significant evolution. This implies that it is plausible that the fossil dwarf galaxies do exist in the Local Group. Because such galaxies form their stellar systems early during the period of active merging and accretion, they should have spheroidal morphology regardless of their current distance from the host galaxy. We show that both the expected luminosity function and spatial distribution of dark matter halos which are likely to host fossil galaxies agree reasonably well with the observed distributions of the luminous (L{sub V} > 10{sup 6} Lsun) Local Group fossil candidates near the host galaxy (d 300 kpc). We discuss several possible explanations for this discrepancy.« less
Skin reactions to electrophoretic fractions of timothy pollen extract

Abstract 1.1. Timothy pollen extract has been fractionated electrophoretically. 2.2. As in the case of ragweed pollen extract, there is present a major, colorless, slow-moving component which is electrophoretically homogeneous at pH 7.4. 3.3. In addition, there are also present six or more negatively charged, pigmented components which migrate more rapidly than the colorless fraction. 4.4. On direct skin tests, the slow-moving, colorless component, the fast pigments, and the intermediate pigments showed about the same skin reactivity. 5.5. On passive transfer, both the pigments and the colorless fraction also showed positive reactions. 6.6. Preliminary data obtained by means of the ultracentrifuge and diffusion techniques indicate that all of the constituents under discussion are of small molecular size compared with ordinary proteins. 7.7. The diffusion rate of the colorless fraction of timothy is very close to the analogous component of ragweed. 8.8. Questions arising connected with the immunologic specificity of the various fractions are briefly discussed.
Tug-of-war and the infinity Laplacian

We consider a class of zero-sum two-player stochastic games called tug-of-war and use them to prove that every bounded real-valued Lipschitz function F on a subset Y of a length space X admits a unique absolutely minimal (AM) extension to X, i.e., a unique Lipschitz extension u : X → ℝ for which Lip U u = Lip ∂u u for all open U ⊂ X \ Y.
Restricting semistable bundles on the projective plane to conics

We study the restrictions of rank 2 semistable vector bundles E on to conics. A Grauert-Mulich type theorem on the generic splitting is proven. The jumping conics are shown to have the scheme structure of a hypersurface of degree c 2 (E) when c 1 (E)=0 and of degree c 2 (E)−1 when c 1 (E)=−1. Some examples of jumping conics and jumping lines are studied in detail.
Recurrence for persistent random walks in two dimensions

We discuss the question of recurrence for persistent, or Newtonian, random walks in ℤ2, i.e. random walks whose transition probabilities depend both on the walker's position and incoming direction. We use results by Toth and Schmidt–Conze to prove recurrence for a large class of such processes, including all "invertible" walks in elliptic random environments. Furthermore, rewriting our Newtonian walks as ordinary random walks in a suitable graph, we gain a better idea of the geometric features of the problem, and obtain further examples of recurrence.
Historical aspects of contemporary complementary medicine

Abstract What is labeled today as complementary and alternative medicine has its roots in the historic practice of an eclectic medicine in the United States as well as in other cultural traditions around the world. Five selected alternative medical traditions are presented which illustrate their origins, range, and applications. Their persistence in the contemporary United States, and efforts to integrate them into the mainstream health care setting indicates their ongoing role and value to society.
Price uncertainty and corporate value

Abstract This study examines the sensitivity of equity values of oil producers to changes in the uncertainty of future oil prices. We document that this sensitivity is negatively correlated with a firm's debt ratio and its production costs. These results indicate that companies that are more likely to experience financial distress or underinvestment from low cash flows are adversely affected by increases in the uncertainty of future cash flows. We conclude that corporate risk management can increase shareholder value by reducing the expected costs of financial distress and underinvestment.
Classification of Convex Ancient Solutions to Curve Shortening Flow on the Sphere

We prove that the only closed, embedded ancient solutions to the curve shortening flow on $$\mathbb {S}^2$$ are equators or shrinking circles, starting at an equator at time $$t=-\infty $$ and collapsing to the north pole at time $$t=0$$ . To obtain the result, we first prove a Harnack inequality for the curve shortening flow on the sphere. Then an application of the Gauss–Bonnet, easily allows us to obtain curvature bounds for ancient solutions leading to backwards smooth convergence to an equator. To complete the proof, we use an Aleksandrov reflection argument to show that maximal symmetry is preserved under the flow.
On coherency-induced ordering in substitutional alloys-I. Analytical

Abstract As pointed out by Linus Pauling in his classic work on the relationship between crystal packing and ionic radius ratio, a difference in atomic size can be accommodated more readily by an ordered structure than by a disordered one. Because of mathematical complexity, however, very few works have been reported for substitutional alloys. In this work, coherency-induced ordering in substitutional alloys is examined through a simple model based on a two-dimensional square lattice. Within the assumption of nearest-neighbor interactions on a square lattice, both modified Bragg–Williams and Onsager approaches show that coherency strain arising due to atomic mismatch can exert profound effects on order–disorder transitions in substitutional alloys. If the alloy system is elastically homogeneous and Vegard's law is obeyed, the order–disorder transition is of a second-order kinetics. If the atomic mismatches significantly deviate from Vegard's law, however, the transition may become a first-order kinetics, as the configurational free energy surface is composed of double wells. At the transition of a first-order kinetics, the lattice parameter can either increase or decrease upon heating, i.e. the lattice parameter of an ordered state can be less or greater than that of a disordered state. The results of Onsager's approach are independently confirmed with those of the Discrete Atom Method, a Monte Carlo technique predicated upon the combination of statistical mechanics and linear elasticity.
Commentary: The Rôle of Toxicology in Prevention and Precaution

Abstract Advocates of the Precautionary Principle have recently called for a “new science” to support the goals of precaution-based environmental and occupational health policy. While much attention has been given to epidemiology, the evidentiary science most relevant to precaution, or prevention, is toxicology. Opportunities for enhancing the role of toxicology in public policy must consider current biases in the field. Thus, rather than a “new science,” advocates for change should focus upon ensuring that current scientific methods are appropriate and that interpretations of scientific data are accurate.
A heterogeneous resource based view for exploring relationships between firm performance and capabilities

Purpose – The resource‐based view (RBV) of the firm has gained much attention in recent years as a means to understand how a strategic business unit obtains a sustainable competitive advantage. In this framework, several research studies have explored the relationships between resources/capabilities and firm performance. This paper seeks to extend this line of research by explicitly modeling the heterogeneity of such relations across firms in various different industries in exploring the interrelationships between capabilities and performance.Design/methodology/approach – A unique latent structure regression model is developed to provide a discrete representation of this heterogeneity in terms of different clusters or groups of firms who employ different paths to achieve firm performance vis‐a‐vis alternative capabilities. An application of the proposed methodology to a sample of 216 US firms were provided.Findings – Finds that the derived four group latent structure regression solution statistically domi...
Valuation perspectives and decompositions for variable annuities with GMWB riders

The guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (GMWB) rider, as an add on to a variable annuity (VA), guarantees the return of premiums in the form of periodic withdrawals while allowing policyholders to participate fully in any market gains. GMWB riders represent an embedded option on the account value with a fee structure that is different from typical financial derivatives. We consider fair pricing of the GMWB rider from a financial economic perspective. Particular focus is placed on the distinct perspectives of the insurer and policyholder and the unifying relationship. We extend a decomposition of the VA contract into components that reflect term-certain payments and embedded derivatives to the case where the policyholder has the option to surrender, or lapse, the contract early.
An Intramolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ketenimines via Palladium-Catalyzed Rearrangements of N-Allyl-Ynamides

A cascade of Pd-catalyzed N-to-C allyl transfer–intramolecular ketenimine–[2 + 2] cycloadditions of N-allyl ynamides is described. This tandem sequence is highly stereoselective and the [2 + 2] cycloaddition could be rendered in a crossed or fused manner depending on alkene substitutions, leading to bridged and fused bicycloimines.
String black hole: can it be a particle accelerator?

In this paper we have studied the possibility of the center-of-mass energy of two particles colliding near the horizon of a static charged black hole in string theory. Various cases corresponding to the electric charge and the angular momentum of the particles were considered. The studies were done for the general black hole as well as for the extreme black hole. There were two scenarios where the center-of-mass energy reach very large values if the appropriate properties of the particles are chosen.
Isolating the performance impacts of network interface cards through microbenchmarks

Many factors can prevent a Gigabit Ethernet network interface card (NIC) from achieving line rate in a modern web server. In fact, the various commercially available NICs have different performance characteristics that lead to throughput differences for actual web servers. For example, Figure 1 shows the performance achieved by the thttpd web server for client traces extracted from the Rice University computer science department (CS), a NASA web site (NASA), and the 1998 soccer World Cup tournament (World Cup). The latter two traces are available from the Internet Traffic Archive (http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/). The server system tested includes an AMD Athlon 2600+ XP processor running the FreeBSD 4.7 operating system, 2 GB of DDR SDRAM, a 64-bit/66 MHz PCI bus, and a single 40 GB IDE disk (none of the workloads are disk intensive). The tested systems differ only in their NIC, with the Intel Pro-1000/MT Server and Desktop, Alteon AceNIC with parallelized firmware [2], Netgear GA622T, 3Com 3C996B, and Alteon AceNIC with released firmware arranged from left to right. There are substantial performance differences across the NICs in the web environment, as the fastest NIC consistently achieves 40–60% more throughput than the slowest. A web server interacts with the network in two primary ways: receiving client HTTP requests and sending HTTP responses. Requests are typically quite small, on the order of 200 bytes of ASCII text, while responses vary from empty files to several hundred megabytes. Since web clients and servers communicate using TCP, the server must acknowledge requests, leading to minimum-sized (64-byte) Ethernet frames. Response data must be segmented and encapsulated in Ethernet frames, which allow up to 1460 bytes of TCP content in a maximum-sized (1518-byte) frame. Then, those segments are sent out according to TCP flow control policies based on the receipt of acknowledgments. A high-performance server NIC must thus support data volumes dominated by sends of large
Stereoselective oxidations and reductions catalyzed by nonredox proteins

Use of common proteins with no distinctive redox functionalities as chiral templates for asymmetric oxidations and reductions represents an intriguing, but barely explored, phenomenon in biocatalysis. This review focuses on synthetically important and challenging reactions stereoselectively catalyzed or mediated by ubiquitous nonredox proteins, such as bovine serum albumin and chymotrypsin.
EFFECT OF FEDERAL RESERVE POLICIES ON BANK EQUITY RETURNS

We investigate the reaction of bank equity returns to changes in the relevant Federal Reserve (Fed) policy tool, which is the federal funds rate during periods of interest rate targeting and the discount rate during periods of reserves targeting. Three policy periods from 1974 to 1996 are investigated. We find that bank equity returns are inversely related to changes in the relevant Fed policy tool and that the degree of sensitivity of bank equity returns is conditioned on the direction of the change in the Fed policy tool. Also, we find that values of larger commercial banks and low-capital-ratio commercial banks are more exposed to changes in the relevant Fed policy tool. JEL classification: G11, G12, G14.
Predictors of Treatment Response to Behavioral Therapy and Pharmacotherapy for Urinary Incontinence

Demographic, medical, and physiologic predictors of behavioral treatment and pharmacotherapy success would be useful in selecting treatments for specific patients with urinary incontinence based on their histories, physical examinations, and urodynamic profiles. The author performed a systematic review of clinical trials of behavioral treatment or pharmacotherapy for urinary incontinence. Most postulated predictors (age, type and duration of incontinence, medications including diuretics and estrogen, obstetric history, physical examination, and urodynamic findings) were not predictive of treatment outcomes. For behavioral therapy, male gender predicted worse outcomes in 1 study, but it was not a predictor in 2 other studies. Greater severity of incontinence predicted positive outcomes in 2 studies, negative outcomes in 3 studies, and had no predictive value in 5 studies. Prior treatment for incontinence predicted poorer outcomes in 2 studies of urge incontinence but was not predictive in a study of stress incontinence. Prior surgical treatment predicted better outcomes in 1 study of urge incontinence in women but was unrelated in 4 studies. Male gender, depression, or the use of assistive devices for ambulation predicted poorer outcomes in homebound older persons. For pharmacotherapy of urge incontinence, older age, female gender, and greater incontinence severity were associated with poorer outcomes in 1 study. Age was unassociated with outcomes in another study. Thus, the literature on predictors of outcomes of behavioral and drug treatment for urinary incontinence is inconsistent and does not provide guidelines for treatment selection. More studies, with large samples, that use multivariate regression analysis to examine predictors of outcomes are needed.
A stochastic process approach to false discovery control

This paper extends the theory of false discovery rates (FDR) pioneered by Benjamini and Hochberg [J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 57 (1995) 289–300]. We develop a framework in which the False Discovery Proportion (FDP)—the number of false rejections divided by the number of rejections—is treated as a stochastic process. After obtaining the limiting distribution of the process, we demonstrate the validity of a class of procedures for controlling the False Discovery Rate (the expected FDP). We construct a confidence envelope for the whole FDP process. From these envelopes we derive confidence thresholds, for controlling the quantiles of the distribution of the FDP as well as controlling the number of false discoveries. We also investigate methods for estimating the p-value distribution.
Combined structures-controls optimization of lattice trusses

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate concretely the role that distributed parameter models can play in CSI, in particular in combined structures-controls optimization problems of importance in preliminary design. Closed form solutions can be obtained for performance criteria such as rms attitude error, making possible analytical solutions of the optimization problem. This in contrast to the need for numerical computer solution involving the inversion of large matrices in traditional finite element model use. Another advantage of the analytic solution is that it can provide much needed insight into phenomena that can otherwise be obscured or difficult to discern from numerical computer results. As a compromise in level of complexity between a toy laboratory model and a real space structure we have chosen the lattice truss used in the earth pointing satellite (EPS). The optimization problem chosen is a generic one: of minimizing the structure mass subject to a specified stability margin and to a specified upper bound on the rms attitude error (tip response), using a co-located controller and sensors. Standard FEM, treating each bar as a truss element is used, while the continuum model is an anisotropic Timoshenko beam model. Performance criteria are derived for either model, except that for the distributed parameter model we obtain explicit closed form solutions. Numerical results obtained by the two models show complete agreement. Based on the continuum model we obtain a solution to the problem of optimal placement of actuators to minimize mean square attitude error. A canonical optimization problem is examined and shown to be trivial, and even capable of analytical solution, using the continuum model performance criteria formulas in contrast to the complex computer solutions based on FEM or truncated modal models currently in vogue.
Translational spacetime symmetries in gravitational theories

How to include spacetime translations in fibre bundle gauge theories has been a subject of controversy, because spacetime symmetries are not internal symmetries of the bundle structure group. The standard method for including affine symmetry in differential geometry is to define a Cartan connection on an affine bundle over spacetime. This is equivalent to (1) defining an affine connection on the affine bundle, (2) defining a zero section on the associated affine vector bundle and (3) using the affine connection and the zero section to define an 'associated solder form', whose lift to a tensorial form on the frame bundle becomes the solder form. The zero section reduces the affine bundle to a linear bundle and splits the affine connection into translational and homogeneous parts; however, it violates translational equivariance/gauge symmetry. This is the natural geometric framework for Einstein–Cartan theory as an affine theory of gravitation. The last section discusses some alternative approaches that claim to preserve translational gauge symmetry.
Coagulation studies in C4-deficient guinea pigs.

SummaryC4-deficient guinea pigs (NIH-multipurpose strain) were found to have lower intrinsic coagulation activity than age-and sex-matched control guinea pigs (Hartley strain).
Complete phase diagrams for a holographic superconductor/insulator system

The gravitational dual of an insulator/superconductor transition driven by increasing the chemical potential has recently been constructed. However, the system was studied in a probe limit and only a part of the phase diagram was obtained. We include the backreaction and construct the complete phase diagram for this system. For fixed chemical potential there are typically two phase transitions as the temperature is lowered. Surprisingly, for a certain range of parameters, the system first becomes a superconductor and then becomes an insulator as the temperature approaches zero. As a byproduct of our analysis, we also construct the gravitational dual of a Bose-Einstein condensate of glueballs in a confining gauge theory.
The Automorphism Groups of a Family of Maximal Curves

Abstract The Hasse Weil bound restricts the number of points of a curve which are defined over a finite field; if the number of points meets this bound, the curve is called maximal. Giulietti and Korchmaros introduced a curve C 3 which is maximal over F q 6 and determined its automorphism group. Garcia, Guneri, and Stichtenoth generalized this construction to a family of curves C n , indexed by an odd integer n ⩾ 3 , such that C n is maximal over F q 2 n . In this paper, we determine the automorphism group Aut ( C n ) when n > 3 ; in contrast with the case n = 3 , it fixes the point at infinity on C n . The proof requires a new structural result about automorphism groups of curves in characteristic p such that each Sylow p -subgroup has exactly one fixed point.
Failure of Calibration is Typical

Schervish (1985b) showed that every forecasting system is noncalibrated for uncountably many data sequences that it might see. This result is strengthened here: from a topological point of view, failure of calibration is typical and calibration rare. Meanwhile, Bayesian forecasters are certain that they are calibrated---this invites worries about the connection between Bayesianism and rationality.
LOW Q2 KAON ELECTROPRODUCTION

A measurement of the H(e, e′ K+) reaction was performed at Hall A, TJNAF as part of the hypernuclear experiment E94-107. Data was taken at very low Q2 (~ 0.07 (GeV/c)2) and W = 2.2 GeV. Kaons were detected along the direction of , the momentum transferred by the incident electron (θCM = 6°). These measurements provide data about the Σ0/Λ ratio which drops rapidly with Q2, the angular dependence of the cross sections as Q2 → 0, and the dependence of the cross section with respect to Q2 ,W and θCM. The dependence of the cross section at very forward angles has been poorly known. Available models are inadequate to describe the results. The measurement of the elementary cross section will constrain models for the elementary reaction which are inadequate to describe these results. It is also a key ingredient in the hypernuclear spectroscopy studies performed at the same kinematics. Details of the calculations and results will be shown.
Corporate governance and market segmentation: evidence from the price difference between Chinese A and H shares

This paper empirically examines whether the price difference between Chinese A shares, which are traded in the domestic market, and their matching H shares, which are traded in the Hong Kong market, can be explained by firms’ corporate governance characteristics. We find that the A- to H-share price premiums are higher for firms in which the controlling shareholders and corporate insiders have greater potential to expropriate wealth from outside investors. This result is robust when we use a variety of corporate governance variables specific to listed Chinese companies to explain the A-share price premiums and when we control for differences between domestic and foreign investors in required returns, degree of speculative trading, liquidity, information, and demand elasticity. Our findings highlight the important role of corporate governance in explaining the price difference in segmented stock markets.
Cellulose digestion and volatile fatty acid production in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas

Abstract 1. 1. Cellulose is digested as efficiently in the green turtle. Chelonia mydas , as it is in ruminants and the dugong, Dugong dugon. 2. 2. The production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the cecum of the green turtle was estimated from in vitro studies. 3. 3. Acetate, butyrate and propionate are the VFAs produced, listed in order of decreasing concentrations. 4. 4. Organic acids produced in the cecum provide 15.2% of the green turtle's daily energy balance. 5. 5. Hydrogen is the major gas evolved during in vitro fermentation of cecum contents.
Silanol: a traceless directing group for Pd-catalyzed o-alkenylation of phenols.

A silanol-directed, Pd(II)-catalyzed C–H alkenylation of phenols is reported. This work features silanol, as a novel traceless directing group, and a directed o-C–H alkenylation of phenols. This new method allows for efficient synthesis of diverse alkenylated phenols, including an estrone derivative.
Seeing and reading red: hue and color-word correlation in images and attendant text on the WWW

This work represents an initial investigation into determining whether correlations actually exist between metadata and content descriptors in multimedia datasets. We provide a quantitative method for evaluating whether the hue of images on the WWW is correlated with the occurrence of color-words in metadata such as URLs, image names, and attendant text. It turns out that such a correlation does exist: the likelihood that a particular color appears in an image whose URL, name, and/or attendant text contains the corresponding color-word is generally at least twice the likelihood that the color appears in a randomly chosen image on the WWW. While this finding might not be significant in and of itself, it represents an initial step towards quantitatively establishing that other, perhaps more useful correlations exist. These correlations form the basis for exciting novel approaches that leverage semi-supervised datasets, such as the WWW, to overcome the semantic gap that has hampered progress in multimedia information retrieval for some time now.
Line-of-sight reconstruction for faster homing guidance

A novel way to generate the signal required for homing guidance is to reconstruct the line of sight angle by combining seeker boresi ht error with an integrated rate gyro signal (1.2,3,1,5). The paper shows that line-of-sight (LQS) reconstruction allows reduced stabilization loop gain requirements over other guidance implementations. For a given stabilization loop gain, faster guidance system time constants can be achieved with LQS reconstruction, thus enabling the guidance system to achieve more accurate hominq than other implementations.
Computer automation of soil dynamics research

Abstract The rapid development of computer technology in the past few years, combined with the accompanying reduction of costs, has resulted in the availability of a very powerful tool to researchers. A real-time multiprogramming digital computer system has been in use at the National Tillage Machinery Laboratory for 8 years. This system supports about 90% of the Laboratory's data acquisition, analysis, storage, and display requirements. The computer has had considerable impact on the productivity of the research program at the National Tillage Machinery Laboratory.
A Highly Effective Cobalt Catalyst for Olefin Aziridination with Azides: Hydrogen Bonding Guided Catalyst Design

[Co(P1)], which was designed on the basis of potential hydrogen-bonding interactions in the metal-nitrene intermediate, is a highly active aziridination catalyst with azides. [Co(P1)] can effectively aziridinate various aromatic olefins with arylsulfonyl azides under mild conditions, forming sulfonylated aziridines in excellent yields. The Co-based system enjoys several attributes associated with the relatively low cost of cobalt and the wide accessibility of arylsulfonyl azides. Furthermore, it generates stable dinitrogen as the only byproduct.
Supernova Enrichment of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies

Many dwarf galaxies exhibit subsolar metallicities, with some star-to-star variation, despite often containing multiple generations of stars. The total metal content in these systems is much less than expected from the heavy-element production of massive stars in each episode of star formation. Such a deficiency implies that a substantial fraction of the enriched material has been lost from these small galaxies. Mass ejection from dwarf galaxies may have important consequences for the evolution of the intergalactic medium and for the evolution of massive galaxies, which themselves may have formed via the merger of smaller systems. We report here the results of three-dimensional simulations of the evolution of supernova-enriched gas within dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), with the aim of determining the retention efficiency of supernova ejecta. We consider two galaxy models, selected to represent opposite ends of the dSph sequence. One contains 106 M☉ of gas, and the other 5.5 × 106 M☉. In both, the baryonic-to-dark matter ratio is assumed to be 0.1. The total binding energies of the gas in the two models are 9.8 × 1050 and 1.6 × 1052 ergs. For each model galaxy we investigate a number of scenarios. The simplest is a single supernova within a smooth gas distribution. We also investigate the evolution of 10 supernovae, within initially smooth gas distributions, occurring over time spans of either 10 or 100 Myr. Finally, we investigate the effects of 10 supernovae occurring over 10 Myr in a medium filled with hot "bubbles," such as would be expected in the presence of an initial generation of hot stars. For models with only a single supernova, no enriched material is lost from the galaxies. When multiple supernovae occur within an initially smooth gas distribution, less than one-half the enriched gas is lost from the galaxy (fractional losses range from 0% to 47%). Most of the enriched gas is lost, however, from the cores of the galaxies. In the presence of an initially disturbed gas distribution, 6% or less of the enriched gas remains in the core, and much is lost from the galaxies as a whole (47% and 71% for the larger and smaller galaxy models, respectively). If subsequent star formation occurs predominantly within the core where most of the residual gas is concentrated, then these results could explain the poor self-enrichment efficiency observed in dwarf galaxies.
Practical C−H Functionalization of Quinones with Boronic Acids

A direct functionalization of a variety of quinones with several boronic acids has been developed. This scalable reaction proceeds readily at room temperature in an open flask using inexpensive reagents: catalytic silver(I) nitrate in the presence of a persulfate co-oxidant. The scope with respect to quinones is broad, with a variety of alkyl- and arylboronic acids undergoing efficient cross-coupling. The mechanism is presumed to proceed through a nucleophilic radical addition to the quinone with in situ reoxidation of the resulting dihydroquinone. This method has been applied to complex substrates, including a steroid derivative and a farnesyl natural product.
Superparticle Signatures: from PAMELA to the LHC

Signatures of soft supersymmetry breaking at the CERN LHC and in dark matter experiments are discussed with focus drawn to light superparticles, and in particular light gauginos and their discovery prospects. Connected to the above is the recent PAMELA positron anomaly and its implications for signatures of SUSY in early runs at the Large Hadron Collider. Other new possibilities for physics beyond the Standard Model are also briefly discussed.
State and parameter estimation using Monte Carlo evaluation of path integrals

The process of transferring information from observations of a dynamical system to estimate the fixed parameters and unobserved states of a system model can be formulated as the evaluation of a discrete-time path integral in model state space. The observations serve as a guiding ‘potential’ working with the dynamical rules of the model to direct system orbits in state space. The path-integral representation permits direct numerical evaluation of the conditional mean path through the state space as well as conditional moments about this mean. Using a Monte Carlo method for selecting paths through state space, we show how these moments can be evaluated and demonstrate in an interesting model system the explicit influence of the role of transfer of information from the observations. We address the question of how many observations are required to estimate the unobserved state variables, and we examine the assumptions of Gaussianity of the underlying conditional probability. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Kinematics of Planetary Nebulae in M51's Tidal Debris

We report the results of a radial velocity survey of planetary nebulae (PNe) located in the tidal features of the well-known interacting system NGC 5194/95 (M51). We find clear kinematic evidence that M51's northwestern tidal debris consists of two discrete structures that overlap in projection—NGC 5195's own tidal tail and diffuse material stripped from NGC 5194. We compare these kinematic data to a new numerical simulation of the M51 system and show that the data are consistent with the classic "single-passage" model for the encounter, with a parabolic satellite trajectory and a 2 : 1 mass ratio. We also comment on the spectra of two unusual objects: a high-velocity PN that may be associated with NGC 5194's halo and a possible interloping high-redshift galaxy.