cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the effect of domain switching on fracture behavior of piezoelectric solids

Understanding the effect of an electric field on fracture behavior of piezoelectric materials is an important step towards a rational design of smart sensors and actuators. Domain switching has been observed to be the cause of significant nonlinearity in the response of piezoelectric materials subjected to mechanical and electrical loads. While linear piezoelectricity is incapable of explaining the results of the experiments conducted on cracked piezoelectric specimens, a nonlinear analysis considering domain switching is found to be necessary to describe some of the key observations of these experiments. In this paper, the response of piezoelectric solid is formulated by coupling thermal, electrical, and mechanical effects. The corresponding finite-element equations are derived and applied in the solution of the piezoelectric centre crack problem, with different poling directions, subjected to various mechanical and electrical loads. The effects of domain switching are evaluated on the near-tip stresses and the stress intensity factors. It is observed that a negative electric field increases the peak stress intensity factor while a positive electric field reduces it.
A Microeconometric Test of the Theory of Exhaustible Resources

Abstract This paper generalizes extant developments of the economic theory of exhaustible resource production, derives and extends a Halvorsen and Smith (1991, Quarterly Journal of Economics,106, 123–140) type test of the theory, and applies the test to a sample of natural gas resources. To facilitate our empirical test, we extend the model developed in Chermak and Patrick (1995, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 28, 174–189) to explicitly account for the fact that the extracted resource (gross product) must be processed to obtain the final (saleable) product. Duality theory is used to derive econometric models with which the theory is statistically tested, using panel data from 29 natural gas wells. Shadow prices of the resource stock through time, which are generally unobservable but necessary for the test, are estimated via the indirect cost function. Contrary to the extant literature, we find, inter alia, that (i) at any point in time, ceteris paribus, the in situ resource price (a) decreases with gross production and (b) increases with final production, and (ii) we cannot reject the theory of exhaustible resources, i.e., producer behavior is consistent with the theory.
Approximating the Nonlinear Newsvendor and Single-Item Stochastic Lot-Sizing Problems When Data Is Given by an Oracle

The single-item stochastic lot-sizing problem is to find an inventory replenishment policy in the presence of discrete stochastic demands under periodic review and finite time horizon. A closely related problem is the single-period newsvendor model. It is well known that the newsvendor problem admits a closed formula for the optimal order quantity whenever the revenue and salvage values are linear increasing functions and the procurement (ordering) cost is fixed plus linear. The optimal policy for the single-item lot-sizing model is also well known under similar assumptions. In this paper we show that the classical (single-period) newsvendor model with fixed plus linear ordering cost cannot be approximated to any degree of accuracy when either the demand distribution or the cost functions are given by an oracle. We provide a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for the nonlinear single-item stochastic lot-sizing problem, when demand distribution is given by an oracle, procurement costs are provided as nondecreasing oracles, holding/backlogging/disposal costs are linear, and lead time is positive. Similar results exist for the nonlinear newsvendor problem. These approximation schemes are designed by extending the technique of K-approximation sets and functions.
Multihypothesis sequential probability ratio tests .I. Asymptotic optimality

The problem of sequential testing of multiple hypotheses is considered, and two candidate sequential test procedures are studied. Both tests are multihypothesis versions of the binary sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), and are referred to as MSPRTs. The first test is motivated by Bayesian optimality arguments, while the second corresponds to a generalized likelihood ratio test. It is shown that both MSPRTs are asymptotically optimal relative not only to the expected sample size but also to any positive moment of the stopping time distribution, when the error probabilities or, more generally, risks associated with incorrect decisions are small. The results are first derived for the discrete-time case of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) observations and simple hypotheses. They are then extended to general, possibly continuous-time, statistical models that may include correlated and nonhomogeneous observation processes. It also demonstrated that the results can be extended to hypothesis testing problems with nuisance parameters, where the composite hypotheses, due to nuisance parameters, can be reduced to simple ones by using the principle of invariance. These results provide a complete generalization of the results given by Veeravalli and Baum (see ibid., vol.41, p.1994-97, 1995), where it was shown that the quasi-Bayesian MSPRT is asymptotically efficient with respect to the expected sample size for i.i.d. observations.
Dramatic Structural Enhancement of Chirality in Photopatternable Nanocomposites of Chiral Poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) in Achiral SU-8 Photoresist

Materials with large optical activity at visible wavelengths are of great interest in photonics, particularly as one of the routes towards optical metamaterials. Here, dramatic structural enhancement of the optical activity of chiral poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) when dispersed in SU-8 to form a nanocomposite is reported. The supramolecular helical organization of PFBT chains in these optically clear nanocomposite films produces specific rotation at visible wavelengths that is 68 times that of a pure chiral PFBT film of the same optical absorbance. Photopatterning and development under standard conditions for SU-8 leave behind a residual film of dispersed PFBT/SU-8 aggregates in the nominally unexposed regions where the SU-8 matrix is removed. After annealing, the patterned film exhibits specific rotation 58 times that of a pure chiral PFBT film of the same optical absorbance. Photopatterned and annealed films have a dissymmetry ratio as high as |gabs| = 0.32. This dramatic enhancement is attributed to supramolecular helical organization of the aggregates within the nanocomposites and of the aggregates liberated from the SU-8 matrix in the exposed regions.
Simple versus complex models of trait evolution and stasis as a response to environmental change.

Previous analyses of evolutionary patterns, or modes, in fossil lineages have focused overwhelmingly on three simple models: stasis, random walks, and directional evolution. Here we use likelihood methods to fit an expanded set of evolutionary models to a large compilation of ancestor–descendant series of populations from the fossil record. In addition to the standard three models, we assess more complex models with punctuations and shifts from one evolutionary mode to another. As in previous studies, we find that stasis is common in the fossil record, as is a strict version of stasis that entails no real evolutionary changes. Incidence of directional evolution is relatively low (13%), but higher than in previous studies because our analytical approach can more sensitively detect noisy trends. Complex evolutionary models are often favored, overwhelmingly so for sequences comprising many samples. This finding is consistent with evolutionary dynamics that are, in reality, more complex than any of the models we consider. Furthermore, the timing of shifts in evolutionary dynamics varies among traits measured from the same series. Finally, we use our empirical collection of evolutionary sequences and a long and highly resolved proxy for global climate to inform simulations in which traits adaptively track temperature changes over time. When realistically calibrated, we find that this simple model can reproduce important aspects of our paleontological results. We conclude that observed paleontological patterns, including the prevalence of stasis, need not be inconsistent with adaptive evolution, even in the face of unstable physical environments.
Femtosecond two-beam coupling energy transfer from Raman and electronic nonlinearities

We present a study of two-beam coupling energy transfer arising from electronic and nuclear (i.e., Raman) contributions to the third-order refractive nonlinearity. Calculations of transient two-beam coupling in fused silica with no free parameters agree reasonably well with experiments. Numerical calculations of two-beam coupling in a medium with a purely electronic nonlinearity modeled by a Debye-type response are presented. The calculations indicate that it should be possible, although challenging, to measure electronic two-beam coupling for response times as short as ∼0.1 fs. Experiments designed to isolate the electronic response fail to produce two-beam coupling signals but do indicate that the time scale of the electronic response is well below 1 fs.
Urate excretion in normal and gouty men.

Serum levels of urate are easily measured and have been systematically studied in many different settings. We now know about urate values in populations all over the globe, in a great variety of human diseases, in divers under the sea, in men in outer space, and practically everywhere in between. These studies have been intriguing in the differences they have revealed within and between groups. We know almost nothing, however, of what these differences mean. The reason for our ignorance is simple: our present tools are far too cumbersome to apply to these vast problems. Inulin clearances, restricted diets, purine loads, 24-hour urine collections and isotopic turnover studies are expensive and cumbersome for both patients and investigators. The complexity of such studies discourages us from asking large scale questions about the renal handling of urate in different hyperuricemic states. In search of more effective tools, I have reviewed and reevaluated classic data on urate excretion by normal and gouty men. The aim of this analysis was to develop simple expressions which might be helpful in evaluating groups and individuals with hyperuricemia.
The Validity and the Limitations of the Boltzmann-Equation

A series of questions arising from the attempts to generalize the Boltzmann equation for monatomic molecules. A discussion of the Chapman-Enskog development. The question of the generalization of the Boltzmann equation to the quantum theory and the theory of relativity.
The mechanism of adenosylcobalamin-dependent reactions.

(1979). The Mechanism of Adenosylcobalamin-Dependent Reaction. CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 35-102.
Severe epistaxis due to aberrant vasculature in a patient with STAT-1 mutation.

Background Signal transducer and activator 1 (STAT-1) mutations are rare and have been implicated in combined immunodeficiency, enhanced tumorigenesis, and vascular defects. Methods A 60-year-old woman with a novel STAT-1 mutation and resulting immunodeficiency, squamous cell carcinoma, and vascular disease presented with profuse epistaxis secondary to rupture of an aberrant artery that she developed in part because of this mutation. After unsuccessful posterior packing, embolization was initiated but subsequently aborted because of a bovine origin carotid artery and a history of multiple carotid dissections. Results After repeat posterior packing, hemostasis was achieved. No additional episodes of epistaxis occurred in the subsequent 13 months. Conclusion Vascular anomalies can present challenges in epistaxis management. In patients with conditions known to cause vascular anomalies, it is critical to obtain vascular imaging before intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
Outcomes of Adjuvant Mitotane after Resection of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A 13-Institution Study by the US Adrenocortical Carcinoma Group

Background Current treatment guidelines recommend adjuvant mitotane after resection of adrenocortical carcinoma with high-risk features (eg, tumor rupture, positive margins, positive lymph nodes, high grade, elevated mitotic index, and advanced stage). Limited data exist on the outcomes associated with these practice guidelines. Study Design Patients who underwent resection of adrenocortical carcinoma from 1993 to 2014 at the 13 academic institutions of the US Adrenocortical Carcinoma Group were included. Factors associated with mitotane administration were determined. Primary end points were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Of 207 patients, 88 (43%) received adjuvant mitotane. Receipt of mitotane was associated with hormonal secretion (58% vs 32%; p = 0.001), advanced TNM stage (stage IV: 42% vs 23%; p = 0.021), adjuvant chemotherapy (37% vs 5%; p Conclusions When accounting for stage and adverse tumor and treatment-related factors, adjuvant mitotane after resection of adrenocortical carcinoma is not associated with improved RFS or OS. Current guidelines should be revisited and prospective trials are needed.
Further Differentiation: Response to Gillespie and Mileti

Gillespie and Mileti argue that we have used measurement procedures that were not implied in their theoretical extension of Blau's (a) formal theory of differentiation. Unfortunately, we are unable to find any theoretical rationale for their measurement procedures. The rationale they provide is a methodological one based on the relative size of the correlations obtained when a transformed measure is compared with the same measure not transformed. As they state: "Relationships were accepted as curvilinear only when correlations were greater for transformed estimates than for linear ones" (212). Following this criterion, they used the log of size in two of the three relationships and an exponential measure of geographical differentiation in one of the relationships specified in their model. On the other hand, we used the log of size in all three relationships and did not use the exponential measure of geographical differentiation. It is these differences that led to the two central issues raised in their comment. We used the log of size in all three relationships for three reasons. First, as reported in their comment, the correlation between the raw measure of size and geographical differentiation is .83. This is similar to the very high collinearity (.94) reported by Blau (a) that led him to drop geographical differentiation from his analysis. Second, both the Miller and Goldman data were linear only when size was logged. Third, the paramount concern of our paper was the comparison and cumulation of data from different samples. In order to compare the magnitude of the relative effects across the three samples, it was necessary that measurements of all the variables be uniform. We did not use the exponential measure of geographical differentiation for two reasons. First, the correlation between geographical differentiation (raw score) and vertical differentiation is .14, whereas the correlation between geographical differentiation (exponential measure) and vertical differentiation is .07. Employing their own criterion demonstrates that geographical differentiation should not be transformed. Second, as reported in their comment, the effect of geographical differentiation (exponential
The next chapter in patient blood management: real-time clinical decision support.

Objectives: Blood transfusion was identified by the American Medical Association as one of the top five most frequently overused therapies. Utilization review has been required by accreditation agencies, but retrospective review has been ineffective due to labor-intense resources applied to only a sampling of transfusion events. Electronic medical records have allowed clinical decision support (CDS) to occur via a best practices alert at the critical decision point concurrently with physician order entry. Methods: We review emerging strategies for improving blood utilization. Results: Implementation of CDS at our institution decreased the percentage of transfusions in patients with a hemoglobin level of more than 8 g/dL from 60% to less than 30%. Annual RBC transfusions were reduced by 24%, despite concurrent increases in patient discharge volumes and case mix complexity. This resulted in acquisition costs savings (direct blood product purchase costs) of $6.4 million over 4 years. Conclusions: We have been able to significantly reduce inappropriate blood transfusions and related costs through an educational initiative coupled with real-time CDS. In deriving increased value out of health care, CDS can be applied to a number of overuse measures in laboratory testing, radiology, and therapy such as antibiotics, as outlined by the American Board of Internal Medicine’s Choosing Wisely campaign.
Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial failure and vasoactive substances as key initiators of pathology favor the reclassification of Alzheimer Disease as a vasocognopathy

Alzheimer disease and cerebrovascular accident are two leading causes of age-related dementia. Increasing evidence supports the idea that chronic hypoperfusion is primarily responsible for the pathogenesis that underlies both disease processes. Hypoperfusion is associated with oxidative imbalance, largely due to reactive oxygen species, which is associated with other age-related degenerative disorders. Recent evidence indicates that a chronic injury stimulus induces the hypoperfusion seen in the microcirculation of vulnerable regions of the brain. This leads to energy failure, manifested by damaged mitochondrial ultrastructure. Mitochondrial derangements lead to the formation of a large number of electron-dense, “hypoxic” mitochondria and cause the overproduction of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions, which is most likely due to double stranded breaks. Additionally, these mitochondrial abnormalities coexist with increased redox metal activity, lipid peroxidation, and RNA oxidation, all of which are well established features of Alzheimer disease pathology, prior to the appearance of amyloid b deposition. Alzheimer disease, oxidative stress occurs within various cellular compartments and within certain cell types more than others, namely the vascular endothelium, which is associated with atherosclerotic damage, as well as in pyramidal neurons and glia. Interestingly, these vulnerable cells show mtDNA deletions and oxidative stress markers only in the regions that are closely associated with damaged vessels. This evidence strongly suggests that chronic hypoperfusion induces the accumulation of the oxidative stress products. Furthermore, brain vascular wall lesions linearly correlate with the degree of neuronal and glial cell damage. We, therefore, conclude that chronic hypoperfusion is a key initiator of oxidative stress in various brain parenchymal cells, and the mitochondria appear to be primary targets for brain damage in Alzheimer disease. In this manuscript, we outline a role for the continuous accumulation of oxidative stress products, such as an abundance of nitric oxide products (via the overexpression of inducible and/or neuronal NO synthase (iNOS and nNOS respectively) and peroxynitrite accumulation, as secondary but accelerating factors compromising the blood brain barrier (BBB). If this turns out to be the case, pharmacological interventions that target chronic hypoperfusion might ameliorate the key features of dementing neurodegeneration.
Early Neurologic Deterioration after Stroke Depends on Vascular Territory and Stroke Etiology.

Background and Purpose Early neurologic deterioration (END) occurs in up to one-third of patients with ischemic stroke and is associated with poor outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to determine which stroke etiologies and vascular distributions pose a greater threat of END in stroke patients.
Theories of Recognition Memory

Three general classes of models have been developed to account for recognition memory (i.e., threshold, signal detection, and hybrid models). In the current chapter we examine the core assumptions of these models and discuss the predictions they make. We then evaluate these models in light of recent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) evidence from a wide variety of recognition paradigms including item recognition tasks, relational recognition tasks such as source memory and associative memory tests, remember/know tasks, exclusion tasks, as well as results from patient, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies. We argue that pure threshold and pure signal detection models, which are commonly adopted in studies in recognition, are not consistent with the existing data, whereas several hybrid models that incorporate a signal detection and a threshold process are consistent with a majority of the results.
Detecting Deception: The Promise and the Reality of Voice Stress Analysis

Within the past decade a number of so-called voice stress analyzers have been marketed for law enforcement and forensic science purposes. These devices are said to extract from the vocal spectrum a subaudible microtremor signal that is useful in detecting stress in a speaker's voice; thus, it is claimed these devices have great utility as lie detectors and are as accurate as the traditional polygraph instrument. A review of the evidence now accumulated about these devices shows that the evidence for the existence of a microtremor in the voice is problematic and that the capability of these devices in detecting stress is equally questionable. Without exception, however, the scientific evidence reported to date shows that voice stress analyzers are not effective in detecting deception; none of these devices has yet been shown to yield detection rates above chance levels in controlled situations. A brief comparison of voice stress analysis and polygraphic testing as methods of lie detection is made.
A Constrained Backpropagation Approach to Function Approximation and Approximate Dynamic Programming

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Constrained Backpropagation (CPROP) Approach Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Nonstationary Environments Preserving Prior Knowledge in Exploratory Adaptive Critic Designs Summary Appendix: Algebraic ANN Control Matrices References ]]>
Context and Machine Learning

Machine learning is an ongoing research area in computing with multiple approaches and algorithms. Almost all machine learning is considered in the context of some application. However, most do not consider contextual features during the learning process. In this chapter, machine learning algorithms that are context-sensitive are reviewed. For this chapter, context-sensitive machine learning is defined as learning algorithms that use contextual features during the learning process. Several examples of context-sensitive machine learning algorithms are reviewed. However, the bulk of the chapter reviews context-sensitive applications designed to learn by observation of another entity. The machine learning approaches and algorithms in this chapter are related to, but not directly in the area of context-aware applications and middleware.
From the Past into the Future: The Utopian Roots of Ecological Planning in North America

In the 1960s, ecological planning gained prominence in North America as a way for managing the dynamic and complex relationships between human settlements and the natural environment. In subsequent years, ecological planning developed as a planning specialization in North America, assuming a prominent role in discussions on the environmental crisis that persisted during the period. We argue that ecological planning emerged from the evolution of three initial fields of studies and activities: (i) English landscape gardening that was transmuted into genuine American landscape architecture; (ii) the management of the vast public domain, particularly by some federal agencies; and (iii) the concept of regional planning as advocated by the Regional Planning Association of America and then during the New Deal. In this paper, we conduct a historical review of these three fields, that we call roots, and then argue that utopian thinking and its translation into utopian communities in the United States, starting from the end of seventeenth century, represent the fourth field that contributed to the formative processes of ecological planning in North America. Additionally, we show how the past, in terms of utopian thinking, provides planning with a framework to confront current and future urban challenges.
Adaptation and Resilience in African American Mothers

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing adaptation and resiliency of inner-city low-income, African American mothers. The number of studies that examine the lived experience of African American mothers in low-income inner-city settings is limited. The factors explored in this study, which determine the family’s ability to adapt to their life situation, include vulnerability, adaptation, and resiliency. Survey data and narrative inquiry were used to determine maternal adaptation and resilience. Quantitative data were gathered using a demographic inventory, a Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve; Family Adaptation Inventory; and Family Dynamics Questionnaire. Qualitative data were gathered as the mother described her life history and answered semistructured interview questions. The mothers, who participated in this study, were clear about the principles and morals in which they believed and spent much of their time teaching those principles to their children. T...
Prevention of Friction Blisters in Outdoor Pursuits: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine if sock, antiperspirant, or barrier strategies were effective in prevention of friction blisters in wilderness and outdoor pursuits. A search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted. Title, abstract, and full text articles were screened by 2 authors using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify prospective controlled trials investigating prevention methods for friction blisters involving the foot. Only blisters associated with wilderness and outdoor pursuits (running, hiking, marching, etc.) were considered. Extraction of a predetermined data set was accomplished using a piloted form. Confidence in effect estimates were determined utilizing the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology checklist. Literature search resulted in 806 discrete articles. After screening, 11 studies were identified for inclusion in systematic review. Included studies investigated 5 sock, 3 antiperspirant, and 3 barrier strategies. Only 2 articles were determined to have moderate confidence in effect estimate. Clinical and methodologic diversity precluded meta-analysis. Despite the high frequency, discomfort, and associated cost there is a paucity of high-quality quality evidence in support of socks, antiperspirants, or barriers for the prevention of friction blisters. Moderate confidence in effect estimate suggests that paper tape may be an effective form of barrier prevention.
Gastroblastoma harbors a recurrent somatic MALAT1 – GLI1 fusion gene

Gastroblastoma is a rare distinctive biphasic tumor of the stomach. The molecular biology of gastroblastoma has not been studied, and no affirmative diagnostic markers have been developed. We retrieved two gastroblastomas from the consultation practices of the authors and performed transcriptome sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Recurrent predicted fusion genes were validated at genomic and RNA levels. The presence of the fusion gene was confirmed on two additional paraffin-embedded cases of gastroblastoma. Control cases of histologic mimics (biphasic synovial sarcoma, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, desmoid-type fibromatosis, EWSR1-FLI1-positive Ewing sarcoma, Wilms' tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, plexiform fibromyxoma, Sonic hedgehog-type medulloblastomas, and normal gastric mucosa and muscularis propria were also analyzed. The gastroblastomas affected two males and two females aged 9-56 years. Transcriptome sequencing identified recurrent somatic MALAT1-GLI1 fusion genes, which were predicted to retain the key domains of GLI1. The MALAT1-GLI1 fusion gene was validated by break-apart and dual-fusion FISH and RT-PCR. The additional two gastroblastomas were also positive for the MALAT1-GLI1 fusion gene. None of the other control cases harbored MALAT1-GLI1. Overexpression of GLI1 in the cases of gastroblastomas was confirmed at RNA and protein levels. Pathway analysis revealed activation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway in gastroblastoma and gene expression profiling showed that gastroblastomas grouped together and were most similar to Sonic hedgehog-type medulloblastomas. In summary, we have identified an oncogenic MALAT1-GLI1 fusion gene in all cases of gastroblastoma that may serve as a diagnostic biomarker. The fusion gene is predicted to encode a protein that includes the zinc finger domains of GLI1 and results in overexpression of GLI1 protein and activation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway.
Is Something New Happening with Textbooks

The traditional textbook model for general chemistry is discussed and reviewed in a historical context.
Matching Descriptions to Scatter Plots

Table 1 and the scatter plot in figure 1 show marriage and divorce rates (per 1,000 population per year) for 14 countries. The correlation coefficient for these data is r = 0.597, and the equation of the least-squares regression line is y = −0.7 + 0.5x.
Growth Effects of VAT Evasion and Enforcement

Lower tax revenues have a theoretically mixed effect on growth as they create more disposable income for investment but simultaneously reduce funds for public goods. This study combines firm-level ...
Validation of the Computerized Adaptive Test for Mental Health in Primary Care

PURPOSE The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for depression in the general adult population. Although screening questionnaires for depression and anxiety exist in primary care settings, electronic health tools such as computerized adaptive tests based on item response theory can advance screening practices. This study evaluated the validity of the Computerized Adaptive Test for Mental Health (CAT-MH) for screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) and assessing MDD and anxiety severity among adult primary care patients. METHODS We approached 402 English-speaking adults for participation from a primary care clinic, of whom 271 adults (71% female, 65% black) participated. Participants completed modules from the CAT-MH (Computerized Adaptive Diagnostic Test for MDD, CAT–Depression Inventory, CAT–Anxiety Inventory); brief paper questionnaires (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-2], Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale [GAD-7]); and a reference-standard interview, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) Diagnoses. RESULTS On the basis of the interview, 31 participants met criteria for MDD and 29 met criteria for GAD. The diagnostic accuracy of the Computerized Adaptive Diagnostic Test for MDD (area under curve [AUC] = 0.85) was similar to that of the PHQ-9 (AUC = 0.84) and higher than that of the PHQ-2 (AUC = 0.76) for MDD screening. Using the interview as the reference standard, the accuracy of the CAT–Anxiety Inventory (AUC = 0.93) was similar to that of the GAD-7 (AUC = 0.97) for assessing anxiety severity. The patient-preferred screening method was assessment via tablet/computer with audio. CONCLUSIONS Computerized adaptive testing could be a valid and efficient patient-centered screening strategy for depression and anxiety screening in primary care settings.
Cis-3,5-dimethyl-3,5-piperidinedicarboxylic acid, an amino diacid variant of Kemp's triacid

Abstract Cis-3,5-dimethyl-3,5-piperidinedicarboxylic Acid (3) and several of its derivatives have been synthesized starting from 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. The 1H NMR spectra indicate that these compounds assume a single conformation having the two carbonyl substituents in axial positions.
High-frequency murine ultrasound provides enhanced metrics of BAPN-induced AAA growth

This work characterizes a relatively new murine model of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) by quantifying vascular strain, stress, and geometry. Furthermore, Green-Lagrange strain was calculated wi...
Mental health impairment among children with atopic dermatitis: A United States population-based cross-sectional study of the 2013-2017 National Health Interview Survey

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with mental health disorders, but its impact on global mental health symptoms is less clear. Objective To determine the association between pediatric AD and mental health impairment. Methods In a cross-sectional study using 2013-2017 United States National Health Interview Survey data, children with and without AD were assessed for mental disorder with impairment (MDI) using a validated behavioral screening questionnaire. Mental health services utilization was also reported. Results The prevalence of any MDI was 26.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.1-28.3) among children with AD and 17.7% (95% CI, 17.2-18.2) among those without AD, with severe MDI being present in 10.9% (95% CI 9.9-12.1) and 6.2% (95% CI 5.9-6.5), respectively. Adjusted for sociodemographic factors, AD was associated with higher odds of MDI (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.39-1.67), including impairments in conduct, emotions, peer relationships, and attention. Among children with AD, 19.9% (95% CI, 16.6-23.8) and 53.5% (95% CI, 48.5-58.5) of those with mild or severe MDI, respectively, had seen a mental health professional in the last year. Limitations Misclassification bias may arise from self-reported data. Conclusion AD is associated with clinically significant mental health symptoms, but many affected children may not seek or receive care for their symptoms.
Chow rings of heavy/light Hassett spaces via tropical geometry

Abstract We compute the Chow ring of an arbitrary heavy/light Hassett space M ‾ 0 , w . These spaces are moduli spaces of weighted pointed stable rational curves, where the associated weight vector w consists of only heavy and light weights. Work of Cavalieri et al. [3] exhibits these spaces as tropical compactifications of hyperplane arrangement complements. The computation of the Chow ring then reduces to intersection theory on the toric variety of the Bergman fan of a graphic matroid. Keel [16] has calculated the Chow ring A ⁎ ( M ‾ 0 , n ) of the moduli space M ‾ 0 , n of stable nodal n-marked rational curves; his presentation is in terms of divisor classes of stable trees of P 1 's having one nodal singularity. Our presentation of the ideal of relations for the Chow ring A ⁎ ( M ‾ 0 , w ) is analogous. We show that pulling back under Hassett's birational reduction morphism ρ w : M ‾ 0 , n → M ‾ 0 , w identifies the Chow ring A ⁎ ( M ‾ 0 , w ) with the subring of A ⁎ ( M ‾ 0 , n ) generated by divisors of w-stable trees, which are those trees which remain stable in M ‾ 0 , w .
Remapping Pipelines and Pathways: Listening to Queer and Transgender Youth of Color’s Trajectories Through Girls’ Juvenile Justice Facilities:

Queer and trans youth of color are disproportionately imprisoned in U.S. juvenile detention facilities where they are especially vulnerable to experiencing violence, isolation, neglect, and discrim...
The Fundamentals of Hebrew Accents: Divisions and Exegetical Roles beyond Syntax

This book is designed to serve as a textbook for intermediate Hebrew students and above. Sung Jin Park presents the fundamental features of the Tiberian Hebrew accents, focusing on their divisions and exegetical roles. Providing innovative methods for diagramming biblical texts, the volume explores the two major rules (hierarchy and dichotomy) of disjunctive accents. Students will also attain biblical insights from the exegetical application of the biblical texts that Hebrew syntax alone does not provide. Park's volume shows how the new perspectives on Hebrew accents enhance our understanding of biblical texts.
Direct-Write Inkjet Printing of Nanosilver Ink (UTDAg) on PEEK Substrate

Abstract For uniform and ideal inkjet printing of liquid phase materials on substrates, the jetting parameters are required to be optimized to generate desired drop in term of volume and speed. In this research paper, different jetting device parameters such as waveform dwell voltage and frequency are tested at different platform velocity using fly mode printing with burst to print lines on semicrystalline polyether ether ketone (PEEK) substrate. The ink used in this case is high conductive nanosilver supplied by UT Dots, Inc. (UTDAg) to investigate its feasibility to be printed on PEEK. Initially, the printer is used to print six lines directly on the substrate at same velocity 20 m m / s and different drop spacing for printing along the line. Then, three lines with drop spacing of 80 μ m is printed at stage velocity 30 m m / s , 40 m m / s a n d 50 m m / s to investigate effective frequency for droplet generation and obtain even and smooth line. Physical and adhesion characteristics of the printed lines are performed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, surface profilometry, and soak tests. It is observed that for 60 μ m nozzle and a dwell voltage of 24 V, drop spacing of 80 μ m and stage velocity of 50 m m / s result in uniform line. Finally, the resistance of optimized line is measured.
Measurement Dependent Noisy Search with Stochastic Coefficients

Consider the problem of recovering an unknown sparse unit vector via a sequence of linear observations with stochastic magnitude and additive noise. An agent sequentially selects measurement vectors and collects observations subject to noise affected by the measurement vector. We propose two algorithms of varying computational complexity for sequentially and adaptively designing measurement vectors. The proposed algorithms aim to augment the learning of the unit common support vector with an estimate of the stochastic coefficient. Numerically, we study the probability of error in estimating the support achieved by our proposed algorithms and demonstrate improvements over random-coding based strategies utilized in prior works.
Revolution Across the Borders: Jacksonian America and the Canadian Rebellion: edited by Maxime Dagenais and Julien Mauduit, Montreal and Kington, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2019, 300 pp., CAN $34.60 (paper), ISBN: 978-7735-5665-2

Enthusiasts of Margaret Atwood’s theory that Canada views the United States through a one-way mirror will find the nine articles of this anthology challenging. Their basic premise is that the Canad...
Corporate Global Strategies for Asia-Pacific Enterprises: In Between Synergy and Decoupling

COVID-19 has visited significant health-care challenges on the global society. Availability of medical supplies, as well as shortages of medical personnel and practitioners are some of these challe...
Structural Inequity and Pregnancy Desires in Emerging Adulthood.

Public health discourses often claim that delaying pregnancy is associated with social and economic benefits. Yet research suggests that, for young people, structural inequity is most influential in future outcomes, regardless of childbearing. We conducted in-depth interviews with 50 young women (ages 18–24) and their male partners (n = 100) and investigated the influence of structural inequity on pregnancy desires and plans. Three themes emerged, stratified by social advantage. In the “Things Will Be Different Later” theme, socially advantaged participants envisioned that their future lives would surely be different due to achievement of educational, professional, and economic goals; thus, their pregnancy plans aligned with their desires, often reflected in use of highly effective contraception. In the “I Don’t Have Everything I Need” theme, participants expressed delaying desired pregnancies (primarily through condom use) until they could contend with structural barriers. Their pregnancy plans, shifted by way of structural inequity, were not aligned with their desires. Under the “I’ll Never Have Everything I Need” theme, socially disadvantaged participants expressed significant doubt about ever realizing ideal circumstances for pregnancy preparedness; as pregnancy prevention was not salient, these participants used condoms or no contraception. This analysis indicates that structural inequities constrain reproductive self-determination in emerging adulthood, creating a chasm between desired and actual childbearing that was reflected in contraceptive decision-making. Public health narratives emphasizing the importance of pregnancy prevention for socially disadvantaged groups without addressing the manifestation of structural inequity in their lives perpetuate reproductive oppression vis-a-vis emphasis on contraceptive use to ensure future economic success.
The use of portable separation devices for forensic analysis: A review of recent literature

Abstract The vast majority of forensic testing is done within a laboratory, with bulky devices that are expensive to obtain and maintain. While this type of testing is necessary, the forensic field has, in the past seven years, been introduced to a collection of portable devices that can be transported to the field to expand our testing capabilities. Methodology employed in the field is expectedly less capable than what is currently seen in laboratories, but is typically faster, cheaper, and simpler to operate. In this vein, novel methods in chromatographic and electrophoretic separations are discussed, detailing how they are actively implemented in forensic analysis. In further detail, current and future applications in the fields of seized drug analysis, drugs in bodily fluids, explosives and fire scenes, chemical warfare, cosmetics and commercial products, and environmental wastewater analysis will be explored.
Lymphocyte function in experimental African trypanosomiasis. IV. Immunosuppression and suppressor cells in the athymic nu/nu mouse.

Abstract The role of T cells in the development and expression of antigen-nonspecific immunosuppression in experimental African trypanosomiasis was addressed. Nude ( nu nu ) C57BL/ 6 NIH mice and their thymus-bearing ( nu + ) littermates were infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense and examined for suppression of splenic B-cell responses in vitro to the mitogen LPS. All animals developed splenic unresponsiveness to LPS. Further, both nu/nu and nu / + infected mice displayed suppressor cell activity in their spleen cell populations upon transfer to normal uninfected mouse spleen cell cultures. On the basis of these findings we suggest that both the generalized immunosuppression and the development of suppressor cell activity in the spleens of mice infected with T. rhodesiense are T-independent processes.
The rabbit C family of short, interspersed repeats: Nucleotide sequence determination and transcriptional analysis

Abstract The C repeat family was first observed in the rabbit β-like globin gene family. We have estimated the repetition frequency of the C repeats, determined the nucleotide sequence of three intact members and one truncated member, and have investigated the size, tissue specificity, and intracellular localization of C repeat transcripts. Members of the C repeat family are short (average size of 316 basepairs) and are repeated about 170,000 times per haploid genome in a widely dispersed pattern. They end in a 3′ poly(dA) tract and are flanked by direct repeats that range in size from 8 to 16 base-pairs. The consensus internal control regions for polymerase III transcription are located near the 5′ end. Different amounts of C repeat RNA accumulate in a variety of tissues, and most of the transcripts are confined to the nucleus. A heterogeneous distribution of C repeat RNA sizes was found, ranging from about 330 to 8200 nucleotides. These structural and transcriptional properties are similar to those of primate and rodent Alu and Alu -like repeats. However, the C repeats are not similar in sequence to the Alu repeats. Thus two different types of short, interspersed repeats capable of being transcribed and proposed to be transposable elements have now been identified in mammals. The positions of these short repeats in mammalian β-like globin gene families are not tightly conserved.
The Personal Imapact of Ethical Decisiosn: A Social Penetration Theory

There are gaps in the Social and Ethical issues literature regarding the structure of individual ethical reasoning and the process through which personal ethical standards erode or decline. Social Penetration Theory may be used to view ethical issues of low, moderate, or high salience. It also produces a model of the process by which an individual turns to less desirable ethical reasoning and behavior.
Impact of the spread of mass education on married women’s experience with domestic violence

This paper investigates the association between mass education and married women's experience with domestic violence in rural Nepal. Previous research on domestic violence in South Asian societies emphasizes patriarchal ideology and the widespread subordinate status of women within their communities and families. The recent spread of mass education is likely to shift these gendered dynamics, thereby lowering women's likelihood of experiencing domestic violence. Using data from 1775 currently married women from the Chitwan Valley Family Study in Nepal, we provide a thorough analysis of how the spread of mass education is associated with domestic violence among married women. The results show that women's childhood access to school, their parents' schooling, their own schooling, and their husbands' schooling are each associated with their lower likelihood of experiencing domestic violence. Indeed, husbands' education has a particularly strong, inverse association with women's likelihood of experiencing domestic violence. These associations suggest that the proliferation of mass education will lead to a marked decline in women's experience with domestic violence in Nepal.
Generating Cuts from Multiple-Term Disjunctions

The traditional approach towards generating lift-and-project cuts involves solving a cut generating linear program (CGLP) that grows prohibitively large if a multiple-term disjunction is used instead of the classical dichotomy. In this paper we present an alternative approach towards generating lift-and-project cuts that solves the cut generation problem in the original space (i.e. does not introduce any extra variables). We present computational results that show our method to be superior to the classical approach. As soon as the number of terms in the disjunction grows larger than 4, the benefit of not solving the large CGLP directly is clear, and the gap grows larger as more terms are included in the disjunction.
Effect of magnetostatic field on microstructure of 5005 aluminum alloy sheet by roll-casting

The roll-casting technology of 5000 series aluminum alloy is one of the difficulties at present. Roll-casting technology was employed in this paper and high quality 5005 aluminum alloy sheets were fabricated successfully under different conditions. The solidification of melt in roll-casting process is the rapid directional solidification. The effect of magnetostatic field on microstructure of 5005 aluminum alloy sheet by roll-casting has been investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that imposing magnetostatic field can refine the grains of 5005 aluminum alloy.