cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of a Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 electron transport regulator etrA mutant: reassessment of the role of EtrA.

Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 has emerged as a good model to study anaerobic respiration and electron transport-linked metal reduction. Its remarkable respiratory plasticity suggests the potential for a complex regulatory system to coordinate electron acceptor use in the absence of O2. It had previously been suggested that EtrA (electron transport regulator A), an analog of Fnr (fumarate nitrate regulator) from Escherichia coli, may regulate gene expression for anaerobic electron transport. An etrA knockout strain (ETRA-153) was isolated from MR-1 using a gene replacement strategy. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of total RNA demonstrated the loss of the etrA mRNA in ETRA-153. ETRA-153 cells retained the ability to grow on all electron acceptors tested, including fumarate, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), thiosulfate, dimethyl sulfoxide, ferric citrate, nitrate, and O2, as well as the ability to reduce ferric citrate, manganese(IV), nitrate, and nitrite. EtrA is therefore not necessary for growth on, or the reduction of, these electron acceptors. However, ETRA-153 had reduced initial growth rates on fumarate and nitrate but not on TMAO. The activities for fumarate and nitrate reductase were lower in ETRA-153, as were the levels of fumarate reductase protein and transcript. ETRA-153 was also deficient in one type of ubiquinone. These results are in contrast to those previously reported for the putative etrA mutant METR-1. Molecular analysis of METR-1 indicated that its etrA gene is not interrupted; its reported phenotype was likely due to the use of inappropriate anaerobic growth conditions. Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 is a nonfermentative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium originally isolated from anaerobic sediments in Oneida Lake, N.Y. (32). In the absence of O2, MR-1 can utilize several electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration, including iron(III), manganese(IV), thiosulfate, fumarate, nitrate, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and others. The ability to utilize many of these anaerobic electron acceptors is absent in aerobically grown cells (23, 25, 32). Several of MR-1’s cytochromes are synthesized only under anaerobic conditions (24), and menaquinone levels are increased in cells grown under anaerobic conditions (26). These results imply that MR-1 has the ability to sense the presence or absence of O2 and to regulate the expression of multiple electron transport components necessary for anaerobic respiration. However, little is known about the regulation of these components in MR-1. The ability to regulate electron transport components is essential to enable rapid adaptation to changing environments and to prevent the waste of cellular resources. For example, Fnr (fumarate nitrate regulator) from Escherichia coli tran
Voltage Controlled Nanoparticle Plasmon Resonance Tuning through Anodization

Frequency control of plasmon resonances is important for optical sensing applications such as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Prior studies that investigated substrate-based control of noble metal nanoparticle plasmon resonances mostly relied on metal substrates with organic or oxide spacer layers that provided a fixed resonance frequency after particle deposition. Here we present a new approach enabling continuous resonance tuning through controlled substrate anodization. Localized Surface Plasmon tuning of single gold nanoparticles on an Al film is observed in single-particle microscopy and spectroscopy experiments. Au nanoparticles (diameter 60 nm) are deposited on 100 nm thick Al films on silicon. Dark field microscopy reveals Au nanoparticles with a dipole moment perpendicular to the aluminum surface. Subsequently an Al2O3 film is formed with voltage controlled thickness through anodization of the particle coated sample. Spectroscopy on the same particles before and after various anodization steps reveal a consistent blue shift as the oxide thickness is increased. The observed trends in the scattering peak position are explained as a voltage controlled interaction between the nanoparticles and the substrate. The experimental findings are found to closely match numerical simulations. The effects of particle size variation and spacer layer dielectric functions are investigated numerically. The presented approach could provide a post-fabrication frequency tuning step in a wide range of plasmonic devices, could enable the investigation of the optical response of metal nanostructures in a precisely controlled local environment, and could form the basis of chemically stable frequency optimized sensors.
Effects of parental anxiety disorders in children at high risk for panic disorder : A controlled study

Abstract Background To examine the association between anxiety disorders in parents and offspring in a sample of children at risk for panic disorder. We hypothesized that individual anxiety disorders will breed true in offspring. Methods Comparisons were made between offspring of parents with PD + MD ( N = 136), PD ( N = 27), MD ( N = 27), and Controls ( N = 103). All subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews. Individual anxiety disorders in the offspring were used as dependent variables in logistic regression models where parental PD status, parental MD, and the same parental anxiety diagnosis were used as independent binary variables. Results Social phobia and separation anxiety disorder in the offspring were accounted for by the same disorders in the parent, whereas agoraphobia and OCD in the offspring were accounted for by parental panic disorder. Conclusions These findings suggest that differing risk factors underlie the expression of individual anxiety disorders in children at risk for panic disorder.
Neurobiology and the development of human morality: evolution, culture, and wisdom

Neurobiology and the Development of Human Morality, by Darcia Narvaez, is an important and ambitious book that weaves together information from many fields, including anthropology, philosophy, and ...
Diagnosis by the Physical Therapist—A Prerequisite for Treatment A Special Communication

A critical step for the future of the profession of physical therapy is the development of diagnostic categories. The purpose of this communication is to clarify issues regarding the role of the physical therapist in developing classifications of the signs and symptoms that are identified by the therapist's examinations and tests. A primary premise is that treatment should be based on the diagnosis derived by the physical therapist because the medical diagnosis does not provide sufficient direction. A generic definition is given as a guide for development of diagnostic classification schemes. Arguments are provided that these diagnoses will 1) clarify practice, 2) provide an important means of communication with colleagues and consumers, 3) classify and group conditions that can direct research and assessment of treatment effectiveness, and 4) reduce the tendency toward cultism associated with practice based almost entirely on treatment approaches.
Mineralogical Associations of Mercury in FGD Products

The natural mode of retention of mercury (Hg) in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum used in wallboard manufacturing has been investigated using a series of phase-targeted reagents. The sequence ...
Robustness measure for power grids with respect to cascading failures

Our daily life depends heavily on many complex infrastructures. The security of critical infrastructures has become a main issue under investigation, and therefore tools to measure the robustness of infrastructure become necessary. In this paper, we propose a new measure η to assess the robustness of the electric power grid with respect to the cascading failures. We model the power grid topology as a complex network, which consists of nodes and links representing power substations and transmission lines, respectively. The definition of the robustness measure η mainly depends on the probability of link survival as well as the depth of the cascading failures. Using the proposed metric, we compute the robustness of some realistic power grid topologies. To extend the numerical evaluation, we generate synthetic power grids with the same characteristics of the real ones to evaluate their robustness values and to compare their robustness with the real grids. We show how the depth of a cascading failure is a main factor in assessing the robustness of the power grid.
Two New Species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Podapolipidae) from Agonum extensicole and Pterostichus lucublandus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Canada, including Taxonomic Keys of the 13 American Species of Podapolipidae from Carabid Beetles

Two new species of podapolipid mites, Eutarsopolipus lindquisti Husband and E. quebecensis Husband are described and illustrated. E. lindquisti n. sp. collected from Agonum extensicole Say is compared with species of Eutarsopolipus in the biunguis group and related taxa. E. quebecensis n. sp. collected from Ptersostichus lucublandus Say is compared with species of Eutarsopolipus in the myzus group and related taxa. These are the 1st records of Eutarsopolipus from Canada. Keys to genera and species of podapolipid mites associated with carabid beetles in the Western Hemisphere are provided.
Carceral Space, Prisoners and Animals

Carceral Space, Prisoners and Animals explores resonances across human and nonhuman carceral geographies. The work proposes an analysis of the carceral from a broader vantage point than has yet been done, developing a ‘trans-species carceral geography’ that includes spaces of nonhuman captivity, confinement, and enclosure alongside that of the human. The linkages across prisoner and animal carcerality that are placed into conversation draw from a number of institutional domains, based on their form, operation, and effect. These include: the prison death row/ execution chamber and the animal slaughterhouse; sites of laboratory testing of pharmaceutical and other products on incarcerated humans and captive animals; sites of exploited prisoner and animal labor; and the prison solitary confinement cell and the zoo cage. The relationships to which I draw attention across these sites are at once structural, operational, technological, legal, and experiential / embodied. The forms of violence that span species boundaries at these sites are all a part of ordinary, everyday, industrialized violence in the United States and elsewhere, and thus this ‘carceral comparison’ amongst them is appropriate and timely.
How Philosophy Lost Perceptual Expertise

If we think of perceptual expertise, we might think ofa neurologist interpreting a CAT scan or an astronomerlooking at a star. But perceptual expertise is notlimited to ‘experts’. Perceptual expertise is atthe heart of our everyday competence in the world. Wenavigate around obstacles, we take turns inconversations, we make left-turns in face of on-comingtraffic. Each of us is a perceptual expert (thoughonly in certain domains). If we misunderstandperceptual expertise, we risk misunderstanding ourepistemic relationship to the world. I argue that thestandard arguments for the received view of perceptualexpertise are problematic at best. Of course, theissue of whether the received view is actually correctis an empirical issue. But the decision to adopt thereceived view, I argue, was not a scientific decision,but was made by inheriting a philosophical tradition– which many philosophers today would question.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase in 2-acetaminofluorene-induced rat hepatomas. Ontogeny and evidence that the new isoenzymes are not due to normal gene de-repression

The pre- and post-natal ontogeny of Sprague-Dawley rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase [aldehyde-NAD(P)(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.5] is described. At no time in its ontogenetic development does normal liver aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit any of the characteristics of a series of unique aldehyde dehydrogenases that can be isolated from 2-acetamidofluorene-induced rat hepatomas. Enzyme activity is first detectable in 15-day foetal liver and gradually increases throughout pre- and post-natal development until adult activities are attained by day 49 after birth. Electrophoretically, normal aldehyde dehydrogenase, throughout its ontogeny, exists as the same single isoenzyme found in normal adult liver. Isoelectric points for two normal liver isoenzymes demonstrable by isoelectric focusing are pH5.9 and 6.0. The immunochemical properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase during its ontogeny are identical with those of normal adult liver aldehyde dehydrogenase when tested against anti-(hepatoma aldehyde dehydrogenase) serum in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests. The results indicate that the hepatoma-specific aldehyde dehydrogenases are not the result of the de-repression of genes normally repressed in adult rat liver or in some other adult tissue.
The temperature dependence of dielectric constants of polar crystals

For most solids, including the highly ionic alkali halides, the molar polarizabilities at optical frequencies, R Q (defined by the Lorentz-Lorenz equation), and at low frequencies, R s (defined by the Clausius-Mosotti equation), are strongly dependent on temperature and pressure. This arises from the fact that the molar polarizability of a medium is determined by the absorption frequencies and optical strengths of the ultraviolet and infrared bands. In solids where there is appreciable interaction between the atoms and where there is a simultaneous participation of two or more atoms in the optical process, the frequency and strength of the absorption-bands are dependent upon the interatomic distance and the amplitude of vibration of the atoms. The dependence of the dielectric constant on temperature, de/dT, will therefore be determined by the change in polarizability with interatomic distance and amplitude of vibration as well as by the change in number of atoms per unit volume.
Afro-Latin@ Nueva York: Maymie De Mena and the Unsung Afro-Latina Leadership of the UNIA

In this essay, Castillo-Garsow looks at the writings by and about Nicaraguan UNIA leader Maymie De Mena. She considers how alternative readings of the gaps in the archive allow us to imagine the ways that de Mena’s afrolatinidad complicates our understanding of black politics and diasporic affiliation in historical New York.
Impact of 1% Lanthanum Dopant on Carbonaceous Fuel Redox Reactions with an Iron-Based Oxygen Carrier in Chemical Looping Processes

The cyclic redox reactivity of metal oxides plays an important role in many energy fields such as fuel cells, photocatalysis, and chemical looping. In chemical looping systems, oxygen carriers are required to have high reactivity, recyclability, and high oxygen carrying capacity. We utilize catalytic lanthanum dopants to dramatically change the reactivity with carbonaceous fuels while maintaining or even improving the recyclability of iron-based oxygen carriers. A low concentration of La dopant is applied to maintain the high oxygen carrying capacity. These results are substantiated by ab initio DFT+U and thermochemistry analysis and will have a significant impact on future chemical looping oxygen carrier design.
Urban Lead Exposures of Children in Cincinnati, Ohio

AbstractEnvironmental dust lead and other lead measures were highly intercorrelated for the wide range of housing in the Cincinnati prospective study. The causal pathway revealed by the data (soil ...
A Simple Description of Transient Moisture Diffusion in Paper

Abstract: A simple and holistic model based on a linear driving force approximation fordescribing the unsteady-state transport of moisture in the thickness direction of paperis formulated that accounts for the parallel diffusion of moisture in the pore and fibrephases, as well as external mass-transfer resistance. The transport model is able tocorrelate measurements of the transient weight change and average relative humidity (RH)of stacks of bleached kraft paperboard sheets subjected to ramp changes of the externalRH with an average error of 9.3%. Keywords: Moisture diffusion, Moisture transport, Parallel diffusion, Linear drivingforce, Water vapour, Bound water, Relative humidity, Moisture content, Paper, Paperboard,Mathematical model, Unsteady-state. Introduction Moisture has a dramatic effect on the mechanical and electrical properties of paper.Knowledge of the moisture content of paper and paperboard should help in producinga more dimensionally stable product [1]. There is a significant loss in the strengthproperties of paper with increasing moisture content, e.g. paper stiffness decreases by 5-10% for each unit percentage change in moisture content [2]. Under high humidity, papershows lower elastic modulus, yield stress and tensile strength [3]. The strength of paperdecreases and accelerated creep intensifies under cyclic changes in the external relativehumidity (RH) which cause loaded paperboard boxes exposed to cyclic RH changes tofail earlier than similarly loaded boxes in an environment whose RH is constant [4].In earlier work [5, 6] we investigated the steady and transient transport of moisturein paper, which indicated that the transport process could be conceptualised as one ofparallel diffusion of water vapour in the pore space and bound or absorbed water in the
One Woman's Life Journey : A Case Study of Spirituality and Activism

Abstract This qualitative study examines the life history of an 80 year old woman grassroots peace activist through the lens of spirituality (Borysenko, 1996; Canda & Furman, 1999) and relational theory (Belenky, Clinch, Goldberger, Tarule, 1986; Covington & Surrey, 1997). Using a case study design and multiple data sources, the major psychological, social, and historical events of her life were reviewed. Major theoretical themes that emerged from the interview are described. These findings provide useful insights about how the quest for inner peace and spirituality motivates and sustains community activism, an area critical to social workers who use peaceful diplomacy to organize efforts for social justice outcomes.
Sorel and the Social Uncertainty Principle

Richard Vernon, Commitment and change; Georges Sorel and the idea of revolution , essay and translations, Buffalo and Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1979.
The Haitian Military as a Family Affair

This chapter unravels the complicated history of the Haitian army by following an anti-military militant son and his pro-military father as they come into and out of conflicts. This family history disrupts the-state-versus-the-people dichotomy that often characterizes discussions about Caribbean militaries. I show how the Haitian military, and militarized force more generally, can be simultaneously embraced by disenfranchised populations as a source of national, racial pride and a mechanism state terror. For this family and many others, militarized force represents both a political enemy of the black, poor majority and an institutional advocate offering them avenues for social and political mobility.
Education and Credentialing Issues in Neuropsychology

This chapter is intended to provide the interested undergraduate and early graduate student in psychology a basis for examining the options and making a decision to pursue a course of graduate or postdoctoral study in clinical neuropsychology. A brief outline of the conditions that have determined the content and direction of this rapidly evolving specialty will be used to identify the need for relevant educational models and adequate credentialing criteria. It is proposed that the effective choice of a curricular path in clinical neuropsychology will be facilitated by establishing an historical frame of reference and an appreciation of the rather intricate and complexly determined course the field of clinical neuropsychology has taken over the past three decades. The resulting diversification of interests and approaches has led to considerable refinement of theories of brain function and a rich data base for understanding brain-behavior relationships and for clinical application. Acceleration of research and clinical activity over the past decade now promises to move clinical neuropsychology beyond the diagnostic domain and into new roles of rehabilitation, agency and institutional consultation, and consumer education. Educational preparation for such an expansion of professional roles will necessarily require more educational program options and the articulation of credentialing criteria for ensuring the quality of clinical practice.
Data vows: reimagining ritual through eTextile practice

Data Vows is a series of biometric sensing garments for near future commitment ceremonies. It imagines a world where these rituals are no longer sworn by words, but unlocked by displaying and exchanging our most sacred physical information: our heartbeat. In order to be wed, partners must trade heartbeat data to cement their devotion. When one partner is in close enough proximity, a custom crafted corset and a handmade kerchief illuminate to the rhythm of their combined heartbeats. This initial series is an exploration into wearable technology and e-textiles as ritual objects and design probes to critique embedded power structures within societal systems. Speculative design methods formed the framework, with traditions, textiles, modes of communication, and personal data as the components.
When Is Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Imaging Appropriate for Diagnostic Inquiry in the Management of Inflammatory Periodontitis? An American Academy of Periodontology Best Evidence Review

Background: Clinical and radiographic examinations are essential in establishing correct periodontal diagnoses as well as providing appropriate treatment options. Current radiographic examinations, however, do not provide adequate information regarding the severity of periodontal disease, presenting a need to investigate alternative methods. The aim of this best evidence consensus is to determine when cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is appropriate for diagnostic inquiry in the management of inflammatory periodontitis.Methods: Literature was systematically reviewed to answer three clinically relevant focused questions regarding the role of CBCT in the management of inflammatory periodontitis. 1) Clinical situation: In patients with periodontitis, what (if any) clinical situations/conditions exist where CBCT imaging improves diagnostic acumen and subsequent treatment recommendations compared with two-dimensional radiographic interpretation? 2) Intervention: Does CBCT imaging improve the accurac...
Age as a factor in stress and alcohol interactions: A critical role for the Kappa Opioid System

The endogenous kappa opioid system has primarily been shown to be involved with a state of dysphoria and aversion. Stress and exposure to drugs of abuse, particularly alcohol, can produce similar states of unease and anxiety, implicating the kappa opioid system as a target of stress and alcohol. Numerous behavioral studies have demonstrated reduced sensitivity to manipulations of the kappa opioid system in early life relative to adulthood, and recent reports have shown that the kappa opioid system is functionally different across ontogeny. Given the global rise in early-life stress and alcohol consumption, understanding how the kappa opioid system responds and adapts to stress and/or alcohol exposure differently in early life and adulthood is imperative. Therefore, the objective of this review is to highlight and discuss studies examining the impact of early-life stress and/or alcohol on the kappa opioid system, with focus on the documented neuroadaptations that may contribute to future vulnerability to stress and/or increase the risk of relapse. We first provide a brief summary of the importance of studying the effects of stress and alcohol during early life (prenatal, neonatal/juvenile, and adolescence). We then discuss the literature on the effects of stress or alcohol during early life and adulthood on the kappa opioid system. Finally, we discuss the few studies that have shown interactions between stress and alcohol on the kappa opioid system and provide some discussion about the need for studies investigating the development of the kappa opioid system.
On certain connectivity properties of the Internet topology

We show that random graphs in the preferential connectivity model have constant conductance, and hence have worst-case routing congestion that scales logarithmically with the number of nodes. Another immediate implication is constant spectral gap between the first and second eigenvalues of the random walk matrix associated with these graphs. We also show that the expected frugality (overpayment in the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism for shortest paths) of a random graph is bounded by a small constant.
The Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in Ordinary Logic

The best known work in logic by Stig Kanger is undoubtedly his Provability in Logic. This monograph is a detailed analysis of the foundations of modal logic. However, Stig Kanger published also a few smaller studies which reveal a different facet of his personality as a logician. This aspect is his keen sense of how logic can actually be done in practice, in contradistinction to the systematizations of logic serving the study of its theoretical foundations. This facet of Stig Kanger’s logical work is represented e.g. by the two small papers “En algebraisk logikkalkyl” (1966) and “Equational calculi and automatic demonstration” (1970).
Assessment of exposure to air pollution in children: Determining whether wearing a personal monitor affects physical activity

Abstract Personal air pollution monitoring in research studies should not interfere with usual patterns of behavior and bias results. In an urban pediatric cohort study we tested whether wearing an air monitor impacted activity time based on continuous watch-based accelerometry. The majority (71%) reported that activity while wearing the monitor mimicked normal activity. Correspondingly, variation in activity while wearing versus not wearing the monitor did not differ greatly from baseline variation in activity (P = 0.84).
Metrics and Margins: Envisioning Frameworks in Indigenous Architecture in Canada

Architecture as a discipline is proving powerful in its ability to express Indigenous culture. The act of creating built form unites dialogue from multiple disciplines including: the environment, economics, natural sciences, Indigenous Knowledge, place, geography, history, community engagement, placemaking, placekeeping, sovereignty and artistic expression. Can the typical design process, consisting of a modest amount of ethnographic research and a few community engagement sessions, grasp the complex relationships between the natural, historical and social realities within contemporary Indigenous culture? This chapter will review three projects—The Gordon Oakes Red Bear Student Centre, the Nk’Mip Desert Cultural Centre and Thunder Bay Spirit Garden—through a lens of Catalysts in Indigenous Architecture (place, kinship, transformation and sovereignty); Indigenous Architectural Outcomes (cultural, environmental, political, economic, and social); and metric systems such as the Te Aranga Māori Design Principles. Scholars cited include: Matunga, Doshi, Cajete, Jojola, Smith, Pallasmaa, Malnar, Vodvarka and Kovach.
Understanding the Effect of Preload on the Measurement of Forces Transmitted Across a Bolted Interface

Often in the study of bodies that undergo shock loading, it is desirable to measure the response of such bodies with an instrumentation package. This instrumentation can be separated from the external housing by several preloaded interfaces. To better understand the effects of preload on the nonlinear dynamics introduced into the measurement, a simple preloaded interface has been fabricated that consists of an upper smaller mass body bolted at three locations to a lower, larger mass body. A finite element model of the fixture was used to study the modal characteristics of the individual components and the coupled bodies. A series of modal impact tests were used to analyze the effects of a varying preload between the bodies on the linear and nonlinear features observed in the dynamic response of the coupled bodies. High amplitude shock loading was also used to understand if the laboratory results would be indicative of a more realistic loading scenario. The results of these measurements lead to the determination that a simple two degree of freedom model could be used to explain some aspects of the system.
Basic Electronics in Clinical Neurophysiology

A basic understanding of simple electronics is vital for the student of clinical neurophysiology to better understand how we begin to analyze neurobiological systems. The elements of basic circuits have relevant and tangible application to the way in which we model the behavior of neural systems in the laboratory. This chapter helps to define and assemble these varied circuit elements for the student. This base of understanding is then used to illustrate how simple electronic circuits can filter and amplify biological data. The composition and behavior of commonly used electrodes are discussed, as are the varied montages we use to record and/or display the measured data, as in an EEG. Attention is devoted to digital signal analysis because modern clinical neurophysiology increasingly relies on digitasampling for ease of data analysis and storage. Lastly, electrical safety issues are considered, particularly as they apply to the clinical neurophysiology arena.
Molecules, Membranes, and Modeling

Imagine yourself standing outside a country home on an early spring morning just before dawn. Take a deep breath and shiver to the taste of the sweet morning air. Listen carefully to hear the chirping of morning birds. As the sun reaches the horizon, glinting shafts of light reach your eyes. Another deep breath and you feel a peace that comes from a resonance between you and the world at your doorstep. Your eyes close and for a fleeting moment you understand the universe in its simplest most basic terms. Savor that moment, for your eyes open again and now you are drawn back to the reality—you are reading the introduction to a book on physical chemistry. If you are mildly perturbed at being returned to this apparently less appealing reality, you have just demonstrated a facility with a key and exquisitely valuable tool in the study of science, the Gedanken experiment (thought experiment). The use of thought trips will be of fundamental importance in the approach that this book takes toward understanding biophysical processes. That virtually any student has access to one of the most profound and sophisticated theoretical techniques available to a scientist is an important lesson to learn. This is just one of the lessons that this short experiment or mind trip has pointed out to us already. Are there other lessons?
Max-Min Allocation

The max-min allocation problem has the following setting. There is a set A of m agents and a set I of n items. Each agent i 2 A has utility uij 2 R 0 for item j 2 I. Given a subset of items S I , the utility of this set to agent i is denoted as ui .S/ WD Pj2S uij . The max-min allocation problem is to find an allocation of items to agents such that the minimum utility among the agents is maximized. That is, mini2A ui .Si / is maximized, where Si I is the set of items allocated to agent i and Si \ Si 0 D ;. The problem naturally arises as an approach to maximize fairness. Fairness is an important concept arising in numerous settings ranging from border disputes in political science to frequency allocations in spectrum auctions. Max-min fairness is one of the standard notions of fairness and has been an object of study for decades [6]. Most of the older works, however, have focussed on divisible settings, that is, situations where the resource can be infinitely divided and allocated. Furthermore, the computational perspective, that is, how efficiently can one find a fair allocation, has not been a primary viewpoint. The max-min allocation problem is a combinatorial allocation problem where the items cannot be divided, and the interest is in designing polynomial time algorithms to obtain fair, or near-fair, allocations.
Opioid Use in LVAD Patients is Associated with Increased GI Bleed and Sepsis

Purpose Post-operative pain following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is commonly managed with opioid analgesics . However, the impact of this particular therapy is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of LVAD patients who received opioid therapy and those who did not. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent VAD implantation from 2014 to 2017. We divided patients into those who received opioids (OP group) and who did not (NOP group) at 3 months post LVAD implantation. At 1 year, we evaluated overall survival, as well as incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), stroke, sepsis, driveline infection and pump thrombosis . Results Among 136 patients, 77 (57%) were in the OP group. At baseline, the OP group was younger (54 vs. 64 years, p=0.001), with a higher BMI (30.8 vs. 28, p=0.023), along with fewer males (60% vs. 81%, p=0.005), and less incidence of atrial fibrillation (23 vs. 28, p=0.018). Survival at 1 year was no different between the two groups (90% vs. 83%, p = 0.27; Figure A). The incidence of overall adverse events, stroke, driveline infection and pump thrombosis were comparable between the two groups. However, incidence of GIB (31% vs. 17%, p = 0.043) and sepsis (30% vs. 13%, p = 0.036) were significantly higher in the OP group (Figure B). Conclusion This study suggests that opioids do not negatively impact survival of the LVAD patient; however, some AEs may be negatively effected. Further research is needed linking the pathophysiology of higher adverse events with opioid use in LVAD patients.
Human Rights, Indigenous Peoples, and the Global Climate Crisis

The global climate crisis is an ongoing event the likes of which we have yet to experience. The science is clear, the phenomenon is traceable, and the effects are far-reaching. But, the consequences of the climate crisis affect particular populations more so than others, and often times the affected populations are voiceless. Among those most impacted are indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples stand in a unique place in the context of climate change. In general, indigenous peoples have a comprehensive relationship with their place and surroundings, which incorporates culture, livelihood, economy, and a defining sense of self. Land and resources are not simply commodities to be bought and sold, but they function to give us our stories, directions, and identity. With many indigenous peoples existing in remote areas, the effects of climate change — like sea level rise and changing rainfall — have an enhanced negative effect. Indigenous relationships with land renders what is at stake all the more dire. Given the political invisibility of most indigenous communities and the longstanding global resistance to indigenous self-determination, indigenous peoples are left without plausible means to engage in traditional democratic processes with any hope of success. Furthermore, the commons nature of the problem of climate change precludes indigenous peoples from simply utilizing their resources differently in order to avoid the effects of climate change. Therefore, the law is where indigenous peoples must look for aid. The framework of human rights law has the potential for employment as an important legal tool to further indigenous resistance and resilience in the face of the climate crisis and continuing domestic political paralysis. This Article outlines the unique commons problems presented by the global climate crisis. I argue that indigenous peoples are negatively affected at a far greater rate and to a far greater extent than nonindigenous populations. The past few years have highlighted the role that indigenous peoples play in the fight against climate change by the mainstream focus on the fight over pipelines in indigenous areas. Indigenous peoples across the globe will not stand idle while carbon industries march on, but the fight must utilize the law rather than merely act despite it through direct action protests. The opportunity to couple the human rights framework with the indigenous rights framework carries great possibility for enhancing advocacy on behalf of indigenous peoples.
The Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on the Brain Lipidome After Chemotherapy (P15-024-19)

Solid tumor chemotherapy produces long-term cognitive side effects well beyond treatment, but the structural changes on brain chemistry are unknown. A diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA) before and during chemotherapy partially protects the cerebral tissue against some of the chemo-induced modifications. We hypothesize that EPA + DHA supplementation results in a greater neuroinflammation-resolving response mediated by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs i.e., omega-3 derived metabolites which attenuate inflammation), and reduces oxidation of structural brain lipids. For four weeks, ovariectomized mice were fed a 2% kcal EPA + DHA supplemented (n = 60) or control diet (n = 60), followed by two treatments with vehicle (n = 30 per dietary group) or doxorubicin (n = 30 per dietary group). Animals were sacrificed at 4, 7, and 14 days post-treatment, and samples extracted and purified with SPE. Targeted analyses (LC-MS/MS) were performed on extracts, using stable isotope internal standards for SPM quantitation (i.e., resolvin E1, D1, D2, D3, D5, maresin 1, protectin D1). Untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics analyses were performed on the hippocampal extracts of follow-up set of animals, to determine changes in the brain lipidome. Resolvin D1 was quantifiable in all samples regardless of dietary or treatment group, and correlations were observed with orthogonal measures of inflammation in chemo-treated animals. Resolvin D3, maresin 1, and protectin D1 were detected in a subset of animals. A cluster of lipid-based metabolites differentiated animals receiving chemotherapy with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation from those not receiving the supplementation. The protective effects of EPA + DHA supplementation on chemo-induced cerebral damage appear to be only partially correlated with SPM synthesis over the time course observed. This research was supported by an OSU Foods for Health Discovery Themes Initiative SEEDS grant. The mouse samples were collected under NIH R01CA189947. The sample analyses were partially supported by NIH Award Number Grant P30 CA016058, OSU, and OSUCCC.
Synthesis of metal chloride films: Influence of growth conditions on crystallinity

Abstract This paper presents the first deposition of metal chlorides by RF magnetron sputtering. By integrating the sputter chamber with an Ar-filled glovebox, films of hygroscopic chlorides can be synthesized and studied. The structure, composition, and morphology of FeCl3 and FeCl2 films were investigated as a function of deposition rate. In FeCl3 films, the deposition rate has a large impact on the crystallinity of as-deposited films regardless of the substrate used. At high deposition rates, 24 A/s, FeCl3 films are crystalline with a preferred orientation along the 003-plane, while at low deposition rates, 0.5 A/s, no crystalline peaks are observed for FeCl3. In FeCl2, the highest deposition rate achieved in this study was 0.2 A/s which yields films with no crystalline peaks; therefore, Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of FeCl2. The deposition of iron chlorides by RF magnetron sputtering opens the way for the study of thin film metal halides to understand their growth, magnetic and electronic properties, and understand ion transport through their layered structures.
Proximal Langevin Algorithm: Rapid Convergence Under Isoperimetry

We study the Proximal Langevin Algorithm (PLA) for sampling from a probability distribution $\nu = e^{-f}$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ under isoperimetry. We prove a convergence guarantee for PLA in Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence when $\nu$ satisfies log-Sobolev inequality (LSI) and $f$ has bounded second and third derivatives. This improves on the result for the Unadjusted Langevin Algorithm (ULA), and matches the fastest known rate for sampling under LSI (without Metropolis filter) with a better dependence on the LSI constant. We also prove convergence guarantees for PLA in Renyi divergence of order $q > 1$ when the biased limit satisfies either LSI or Poincare inequality.
Transforming Faculty Communication and Envisioning the Future with Design Thinking

For an academic unit to remain relevant, it must continually evolve. This paper provides a rare view into the process taken by one academic department embracing change to improve its communications and envision its future. Tasked with planning a departmental retreat, two faculty members designed a series of activities inspired by design thinking to prototype new ways to problem solve. This paper describes the activities used before and during the retreat, why these activities were designed, and shares reflections from the facilitators. Three rounds of online Delphi-style information gathering preceded the day-long retreat to build consensus and prioritize issues. Retreat activities followed the empathize, define, and ideate design thinking stages. Based on online anonymous surveys, facilitator reflections, and artifacts gathered, this paper offers a case study from one department discovering that change requires intentional effort and practice but can spark new possibilities. Limitations and future work are also discussed.
Group-IV monochalcogenides GeS, GeSe, SnS, SnSe

Abstract Group-IV monochalcogenides is a family of layered van der Waals materials that includes GeS, GeSe, SnS and SnSe. Its members exhibit carrier mobility that rivals single crystalline silicon, exceptional thermoelectric properties and band gaps in the visible and near-infrared range. Highly anisotropic distorted orthorhombic lattice structure of group-IV monochalcogenides results in anisotropic electronic and optical properties, and in the limit of a single monolayer is predicted to produce a large spontaneous ferroelectric polarization and prominent second order nonlinear optical effects. Experiments suggest that such effects also occur at the surface of multilayer GeS and GeSe, paving the wave for applications of these materials in nonlinear optical devices, terahertz sources and solar energy conversion devices based on bulk photovoltaic effects. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the structure, electronic, linear and nonlinear optical properties of layered group-IV monochalcogenides and discuss current approaches to their fabrication.
Tools of the trade to address schooling related communication needs after childhood cancer: A mini-review with consideration of health disparity concerns

Over the last 60 years, success rates in treating childhood cancers have grown dramatically from 10% to greater than 85%. Negative effects of treatments, however, place survivors at risk for neurocognitive deficits that can make school challenging. Evidence shows that receiving special education services can benefit affected children. However, communication and knowledge gaps among families and service providers can present access challenges. This mini-review considers the literature on communication between medical providers, families, and school professionals and identifies recommended tools for improving success and efficiency. Additional recommendations are made regarding improving access and adoption of such tools including the need for adaptations and expansions of available resources to address health disparity concerns for an increasingly linguistically and culturally diverse population.
Neurochemistry of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus from a respiratory perspective.

The Kolliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) is a functionally distinct component of the parabrachial complex, located in the dorsolateral pons of mammals. The KF has a major role in respiration and upper airway control. A comprehensive understanding of the KF and its contributions to respiratory function and dysfunction requires an appreciation for its neurochemical characteristics. The goal of this review is to summarize the diverse neurochemical composition of the KF, focusing on the neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neuropeptides present. We also include a description of the receptors expressed on KF neurons and transporters involved in each system, as well as their putative roles in respiratory physiology. Finally, we provide a short section reviewing the literature regarding neurochemical changes in the KF in the context of respiratory dysfunction observed in SIDS and Rett syndrome. By over-viewing the current literature on the neurochemical composition of the KF, this review will serve to aid a wide range of topics in the future research into the neural control of respiration in health and disease.
Safety evaluation of mass inoculation of 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among elderly people aged 60 and above in Shanghai from 2013 to 2017

Objective: To evaluate the safety of 23 Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV23) among eldly people aged 60 and above in Shanghai. Methods: A total of 1 310 660 monitoring data of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of PPV23 among people aged 60 and above were collected through the National AEFI Surveillance System from September 14, 2013 to December 31, 2017 in Shanghai. And the descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis. Results: 433 cases of AEFI were reported from September 14, 2013 to December 31, 2017, with the incidence rate of AEFI was 33.04/100 000 doses. The general reactions were reported as 392 cases (90.53%), with 17 cases of abnormal reactions (3.93%), 23 cases of coincidences (5.31%) and 1 case of psychogenic reactions (0.23%). The reported incidence rates of general reactions and abnormal reactions of free PPV23 inoculation among elderly people in urban areas were 41.31 per 100 000 doses and 1.91/100 000 doses, respectively, which were higher than those in suburban areas (24.18/100 000 doses, 1.32/100 000 doses) and exurban areas (27.84/100 000 doses, 0.59/100 000 doses). The reported incidence rate of general reaction in females (35.38/100 000 doses) was higher than that in males (24.06/100 000 doses), and the reported incidence rate of abnormal reaction in males (1.58/100 000 doses) was higher than that in females (1.03/100 000 doses). The reported incidence rates of general and abnormal reactions were the highest in 60-64 years old group (62.65/100 000 doses and 4.87/100 000 doses, respectively). In addition, all patients with general reactions or abnormal reactions were better or cured. Conclusion: PPV23 vaccination is safe among people aged 60 and above in Shanghai.
How Women and Men Executives Perceive Healthcare Workplaces.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Healthcare organizations that can attract and retain talented women executives have the advantage over their peers. In 2018, the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) conducted the sixth in a series of surveys of its members to compare the career attainments, attitudes, and workplace experiences of men and women healthcare executives. Data from the 2018 survey indicate that women healthcare executives with 5 to 20 years of experience in the field are significantly less likely than their male peers to perceive their employers as gender-neutral regarding key employment factors such as hiring, promotion, evaluation, and compensation. Further, the results indicate there has been little to no improvement in many of these outcomes since ACHE began measuring these perceptions more than a decade ago. The perception that an employing organization is lacking in gender equity is also associated with lower overall satisfaction, engagement, and willingness to stay with the organization on the part of women executives.