cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin-wave gap and spin dynamics of γ-Mn alloys

The magnetic phase diagram of {gamma}-Mn alloys contains both collinear and noncollinear magnetic phases in fct and fcc crystal structures. Using a two-band model which incorporates the magnetoelastic coupling, we find that the gap {Delta}{sub sw}(T) in the spin-wave dispersion is proportional to the 3/2 power of the sublattice magnetization M(T), in agreement with experiments on both the collinear and noncollinear magnetic phases. For the noncollinear magnetic phases observed in MnNi and FeMn alloys, high-frequency excitations are predicted with {omega}({rvec q}=0){approximately}{Delta}, where 2{Delta} is the energy gap in the quasiparticle spectrum. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Monitoring, management, and mitigation of Karenia blooms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Annual blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis in the eastern Gulf of Mexico represent one of the most predictable global harmful algal bloom (HAB) events, yet remain amongst the most difficult HABs to effectively monitor for human and environmental health. Monitoring of Karenia blooms is necessary for a variety of precautionary, management and predictive purposes. These include the protection of public health from exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins and the consumption of toxic shellfish, the protection and management of environmental resources, the prevention of bloom associated economic losses, and the evaluation of long term ecosystem trends and for potential future bloom forecasting and prediction purposes. The multipurpose nature of Karenia monitoring, the large areas over which blooms occur, the large range of Karenia cell concentrations (from 5 × 103 cells L−1 to >1 × 106 cells L−1) over which multiple bloom impacts are possible, and limitations in resources and knowledge of bloom ecology have complicated K. brevis monitoring, mitigation and management strategies. Historically, K. brevis blooms were informally and intermittently monitored on an event response basis in Florida, usually in the later bloom stages after impacts (e.g. fish kills, marine mammal mortalities, respiratory irritation) were noted and when resources were available. Monitoring of different K. brevis bloom stages remains the most practical method for predicting human health impacts and is currently accomplished by the state of Florida via direct microscopic counts of water samples from a state coordinated volunteer HAB monitoring program. K. brevis cell concentrations are mapped weekly and disseminated to stakeholders via e-mail, web and toll-free phone numbers and provided to Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) for management of both recreational and commercial shellfish beds in Florida and to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for validation of the NOAA Gulf of Mexico HAB bulletin for provision to environmental managers. Many challenges remain for effective monitoring and management of Karenia blooms, however, including incorporating impact specific monitoring for the diverse array of potential human and environmental impacts associated with blooms, timely detection of offshore bloom initiation, sampling of the large geographic extent of blooms which often covers multiple state boundaries, and the involvement of multiple Karenia species other than K. brevis (several of which have yet to be isolated and described) with unknown toxin profiles. The implementation and integration of a diverse array of optical, molecular and hybrid Karenia detection technologies currently under development into appropriate regulatory and non-regulatory monitoring formats represents a further unique challenge.
Novel Ionic Photoacid Generators (PAGs) and Corresponding PAG Bound Polymers

Three novel polymeric anionic and one cationic photoacid generators(PAGs), as well as corresponding PAG bound polymers, were prepared in moderate to good yield and characterized. As for the lithographic properties, the anionic PAG bound polymers showed improved resolution and photospeed than the cationic PAG bound polymer. Especially, the fluorine PAG bound polymer resist HS-EA-PAG(c) showed high photospeed and improved resolution than other PAG bound polymer. Therefore, it should be potential for these new PAG and PAG bounder polymers to be applied to EUV lithography.
Hispanics' Education and Background: Predictors of College Achievement.

(1985). Hispanics' Education and Background: Predictors of College Achievement. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 233-237.
Tilt rotor aeromechanics phenomena in low speed flight

This work investigates important aeromechanics phenomena affecting the V-22 tilt rotor in low speed sideward flight or while hovering in quartering or crosswind conditions. These phenomena, such as pitch-up with sideslip and increased power required in sideward flight, were identified during V-22 critical azimuth flight testing and impacted handling qualities in this flight regime. High fidelity, dynamic, unsteady, Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations are presented and compared with flight test data. CFD predicts the flight test trends as a function of wind direction, in good agreement with data. Detailed investigation clearly shows the interaction of the rotor wake with the airframe as the major cause of the aeromechanics phenomena seen on the V-22. Identification of the underlying flowfield physics allows investigation of options for alleviation and prediction of future tilt rotor configurations.
Incorporating breastfeeding education into prenatal care.

Abstract Introduction: Prenatal breastfeeding education increases breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and duration. Current research regarding antenatal breastfeeding education suggests that recurrent, individual, and technology-based education programs are effective in providing women with evidence-based breastfeeding information and guidance. Materials and Methods: This project was implemented at an obstetrical practice in the northeast United States. Pregnant women between 32 weeks of gestation and birth, receiving care from certified nurse-midwives, were the targeted population. Three breastfeeding modules were created and offered to women at the 32-, 34-, and 36-week prenatal visit via computer tablets. Women answered questionnaires at the end of each module, serving as a measure for participation and content learning. Women also completed a questionnaire at the 6-week postpartum visit to assess summative perceptions. Results: Twenty-three women participated, and 21 women completed questionnaires ...
Molecular transport modeling for spaceborne instrument contamination prediction

We present a finite element model for the prediction of molecular contamination through narrow pathways in a hypothetical spaceborne instrument using the commercially available COMSOL Multiphysics software. The free molecular flow module of COMSOL uses the angular coefficient method as an alternative to particle based methods. In the angular coefficient method, the microscopic dynamical aspect of the material transport problem is reduced to a macroscopic problem by calculating emission and incident fluxes at each surface rather than the trajectories of individual molecules. The model was validated by comparing the simulated and experimentally measured pressure differential between two chambers separated by a mechanical test structure. The mechanical test structure was designed to exhibit narrow pathways with characteristic size that can be found on spaceborne optomechanical structures. It is shown that materials can slowly migrate through these pathways in a spaceborne instrument to cause noticeable performance degradation within a time scale of a few months. The model for material transport through the test structure was also verified using a stochastic method. To simulate water infiltration through narrow pathways of a hypothetical spaceborne instrument, nominal payload temperature profile was used in addition to setting empirical input parameters such as the desorption energy of water and the outgassing rate of water from multilayer insulator thermal blankets to the appropriate surfaces in the modeling domain. The rate of growth of ice films on low temperature optical components and how optical performance can be degraded over time are discussed in this paper.
Identification of fine particle sources in mid-Atlantic US area

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designated 20 urban areas including major cities located in mid-Atlantic US area as being in non-attainment of the new national ambient air quality standards for PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter). To support the development of effective State Implementation Plans for PM2.5 in the non-attainment area, 24-h integrated Speciation Trends Networks data collected in the mid-Atlantic US urban area were analyzed through the application of the positive matrix factorization (PMF). A total of 117 to 235 samples and 27 to 29 chemical species collected at the four monitoring sites between 2001 and 2003 were analyzed and six to nine sources were identified. Secondary particles provided the highest contributions to PM2.5 mass concentrations (38–50% for secondary sulfate; 9–18% for secondary nitrate). Potential source contribution function analyses show the potential source areas and pathways of secondary particles contributing to this region, especially the regional influences of the biogenic as well as anthropogenic secondary particles. Motor vehicle emissions contributed 21–33% to the PM2.5 mass concentration. In four sites in southern New Jersey and Delaware, gasoline vehicle and diesel emissions were tentatively separated by different abundances of organic and elemental carbons. The compositional profiles for gasoline vehicle and diesel emissions are similar across this area. In addition, other combustion sources, aged sea salt, and intercontinental dust storms were identified.
Refining the Diffusion Approximation for the M/G/m Queue

Despite its many and varied applications, the M/G/m queue has yet to be solved exactly. Consequently, researchers have developed many methods for approximating its solution. We refine a diffusion approximation model developed by Kimura for the M/G/m queue, using an alternative approach to characterize and solve the diffusion equations and incorporating some known results of the queue into the model. Numerical studies indicate that the refined model provides significantly improved performance. Moreover, the model is consistent with some known heavy-traffic limit results.
Catecholamines and related o-diphenols in the hemolymph and cuticle of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae (F.) during sclerotization and pigmentation

Abstract Developmental profiles of catecholamines and related o -diphenols in the hemolymph and cuticle of Leucophaea maderae were determined during sclerotization and pigmentation of last instar nymphs and adults. N -Acetyldopamine (NADA) and dopamine (DA) were the major o -diphenols in hemolymph, whereas 3,4-dihydroxyphenylketoethanol (DOPKET), N - β -alanyldopamine (NBAD), norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine were detected at lower concentrations. The o -diphenols occurred primarily as acid-labile conjugates in hemolymph. Dopamine, conjugated as the 3-O-sulfate ester, and a NADA conjugate(s) were equal in concentration (0.06 mM) in nymphs shortly before adult apolysis. However, NADA increased after adult ecdysis to a peak at 6 h (0.18 mM), while its precursor DA decreased, suggesting N -acetylation of the latter or its metabolism to melanin pigments in the cuticle. In cuticle, NADA, N -acetylnorepinephrine (NANE), DOPKET, and N - β -alanylnorepinephrine (NBANE) accumulated during the early period of adult cuticle sclerotization. DOPKET and NADA (0.4 μmol g −1 each), and NANE (0.2 μmole g −1 ) occurred at the highest concentrations in tanned adult cuticle. Large amounts of DOPKET conjugates extracted by cold 1.2 M HCl from tanned cuticle which released DOPKET upon hydrolysis at 100°C for 10 min. DA and NBANE (0.2 μmole g −1 each) predominated in tanned nymphal cuticle. Therefore, sclerotization of nymphal cuticle may require more of the N - β -alanyl catecholamines, whereas the adult cuticle contains larger quantities of the N -acetyl derivatives and ketocatechol (DOPKET) metabolites. Black pigmentation of nymphal and adult cuticle occurs during the first few hours after ecdysis, which correlates with relatively high levels of dopamine.
Regulatory Actions of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Proteins

The six insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important regulators of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action. Circulating high molecular weight complexes that contain IGF and IGFBP-3 restrict IGF bioavailability, and excess IGFBPs inhibit IGF action by forming biologically inactive complexes. IGFs can be released from these complexes by proteolysis. Potentiation of IGF activity might occur under specific circumstances, and involves the slow dissociation of IGFs from IGFBP complexes localized in the pericellular space, whose affinity has been reduced by dephosphorylation or association with the cell surface or extracellular matrix. Several IGFBPs or IGFBP fragments also have activities that do not involve IGFs or IGF receptors. The mechanisms by which IGFBPs regulate IGF action and exert their independent actions will be examined.
Magnetic motor evoked potential monitoring in the rat.

Object. The authors conducted a study to provide an objective electrophysiological assessment of descending motor pathways in rats, which may become a means for predicting outcome in spinal cord injury research. Methods. Transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials (TMMEPs) were recorded under various conditions in awake, nonanesthetized, restrained rats. Normative data were collected to determine the reproducibility of the model and to evaluate the effect of changing the stimulus intensity on the evoked signals. In addition, an experiment was performed to determine if the TMMEPs produced were the result of auditory startle response (ASR) potentials elicited by the sound generated by the movement of the copper coil inside its casing during magnetic stimulation. Transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials were elicited after magnetic stimulation. At 100% stimulus intensity, the mean forelimb onset latency was 4.2 ± 0.39 msec, and the amplitude was 9.16 ± 3.44 mV. The hindlimb onset latency was 6.5 ± 0.4...
Cisco's first glitch

Abstract What does the second most valuable company in the world do when its industry takes a turn for the worse and stock falls? What should one do when supply is so much greater than demand that inventory piles up and becomes obsolete in the fast-changing technological world? How does a company this size bounce back after such a fall? Can one asset change an entire company's outlook?
Molecular determination of T-cell receptor α and β chain genotypes in human families

Abstract Polymorphism in genes encoding the α and β chain of the human T cell receptor has been detected by Southern blot analysis. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from B lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from members of families, each family including at least one individual with a recombinant HLA haplotype. T cell receptor α and β chain haplotypes could be assigned in the families on the basis of observed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Polymorphism in the α chain gene was detected in Bg1II digests using an α chain probe that included the V, J, C, and 3′ untranslated sequences. A probe consisting of only the constant region (Cα) revealed no polymorphism indicating that the polymorphic fragment hybridized to V, J, or 3′ untranslated sequences of the α chain. Polymorphism in β chain genes was observed in Bg1II digested DNA samples using a probe that corresponds to the constant region (Cβ). Polymorphic Cβ restriction fragments of 10.0 and 9.2 kilobase segregated in six of the eight families studied. Recent structural data for the Cβ region suggest that the polymorphic Bg1ii site lies in the region 5′ to the Cβ2 gene. These polymorphisms should serve as markers for α and β chain complexes allowing genetic studies of these immunologically important gene families.
RELIABILITY ESTIMATION VIA LENGTH-BIASED TRANSFORMATION

The length-biased distribution arises as a weighted sampling distribution, via a process which distorts the probability of observations being selected. In this article we discuss estimation of reliability of the original distribution using information contained in length-biased sampling distribution. This could be achieved either by modeling the data with the length-biased version of the original random variable or by using a stochastic transformation which connects length-biased distribution to the original one. The first approach has been studied broadly in the literature, hence we present the latter.
Thermal, mechanical and phase stability of LaCoO3 in reducing and oxidizing environments

Abstract Thermal, mechanical, and phase stability of LaCoO 3 perovskite in air and 4% H 2 /96% Ar reducing atmosphere have been studied by thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), high temperature microhardness, and high temperature/room temperature X-ray diffraction. The thermal behavior of LaCoO 3 in air exhibits a non-linear expansion in the 100–400 °C temperature range. A significant increase of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) measured in air both during heating and cooling experiments occurs in the 200–250 °C temperature range, corresponding to a known spin state transition. LaCoO 3 is found to be highly unstable in a reducing atmosphere. In case where LaCoO 3 was present as a powder, where surface reduction mechanism would prevail, the reduction starts as earlier as 375 °C with a formation of the metallic Co and La 2 O 3 at 600 °C. In the bulk form, LaCoO 3 undergoes a series of expansion and contractions due to phase transformations beginning around 500 °C with very intensive chemical/phase changes at 800 °C and above. These expansions and contractions are directly related to the formation of La 3 Co 3 O 8 , La 2 CoO 4 , La 4 Co 3 O 10 , La 2 O 3 , CoO, and other Co compounds in the reducing atmosphere. Although LaCoO 3 is a good ionic and electronic conductor and catalyst, its high thermal expansion as well as structural, mechanical, and phase instability in reducing environments present a serious restriction for its application in solid oxide fuel cells, sensors or gas separation membranes.
TOWARD A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF INTRAORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT: DEVELOPING THE FRAMEWORK

This paper presents the theoretical rationale for further development of a model for the assessment and management of intraorganizational conflict. The purpose of such a model would be to assist employees, managers, human resources practitioners, and external service providers in selecting the most appropriate conflict management strategy for a given conflict. The framework presented builds on the previous work of Sheppard (1984) and Elangovan (1995, 1998) in suggesting that a contingency‐based model of strategy selection must include attention to characteristics of the conflict, desired outcomes of the participants, and awareness of available conflict management strategies. By expanding the range of conflicts and conflict management strategies typically included within a single model, the framework presented here forms the basis of a comprehensive model for dealing with intraorganizational conflict.
Marginal shell of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus: intensity coding in single units of the unanesthetized, decerebrate cat

Single units were recorded in the marginal shell (38 units in 10 cats) and central core (62 units in 15 cats) of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) in unanesthetized decerebrate cats. The recording sites of the shell units were verified in reconstructed electrode tracks, and those of the core units were verified for 18 units and based on the recording depth for 44 units. There was a substantial presence of strongly driven units in the AVCN shell exhibiting non-saturating rate-level functions to pure tone, noise or both with dynamic ranges as wide as 89 dB. This finding supports a hypothesis that the AVCN shell may play a role in encoding acoustic stimulus intensity. The AVCN shell and core populations were different as follows. The shell population had more units which had wide dynamic ranges, low spontaneous rates (SRs) or were acoustically weakly or not driven than the core population. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test).
An intensive study of the reliability of Rhode Island Pupil Identification Scale

A recent study of the factorial structure of the Rhode Island Pupil Identification Scale (RIPIS), a pupil behavior-observation scale for use by classroom teachers for detecting young children with learning problems, has led to profile scoring. This study describes the procedures and the results of an intensive and comprehensive investigation of the homogeneity of the subscales and their reliabilities as well as those of the two profiles yielded by the scale. All subscales, profiles, and composites were found to be highly internally consistent and stable over a time interval of five months. The authors also wish to show why complex psychometric scales require that more than cursory attention be paid to reliability issues.
Privacy-preserving energy theft detection in smart grids

In the U.S., energy theft causes six billion dollar losses to utility companies (UCs) every year. With the smart grid being proposed to modernize current power grids, energy theft may become an even more serious problem since the “smart meters” used in smart grids are vulnerable to more types of attacks compared to traditional mechanical meters. Therefore, it is important to develop efficient and reliable methods to identify illegal users who are committing energy theft. Although some schemes have been proposed for the UCs to detect energy theft in power grids, they all require the users to send their private information, e.g., load files or meter readings at certain times, to the UCs which invades users' privacy and raises serious concerns about privacy, safety, etc. As far as we know, we are the first to investigate the energy theft detection problem considering users' privacy issues. In this paper, we propose to solve in a distributed fashion a linear system of equations (LSE) for the users' “honesty coefficients”, which indicate the users are honest when equal to 1 and are fraudulent when larger than 1. In particular, we develop two distributed privacy-preserving energy theft detection algorithms based on LU decomposition, called LUD and LUPD, respectively, which can identify fraudulent users without invading any user's privacy. Compared to LUD, LUPD requires higher execution time but is stable even in large-size systems. Moreover, the LUD and LUPD algorithms are proposed in the case that users commit energy theft at a constant rate, i.e., with constant honesty coefficients. We also propose adaptive LUD/LUPD algorithms to account for the scenarios where the users have variable honesty coefficients. Extensive simulations are carried out and the results show that the proposed algorithms can efficiently and successfully identify the fraudulent users in the system.
Reconsidering “between-group psychotherapy outcome research and basic science:” Applications to child and adolescent psychotherapy outcome research

Borkovec and Miranda (1996) proposed that the purpose of controlled outcome studies is to increase our understanding of the change mechanisms associated with psychotherapy, and they suggested several ways that between-group outcome research establishes cause-and-effect relationships. Child psychotherapy outcome research presents special challenges for the issues raised by Borkovec and Miranda and four of these are discussed herein: (a) the multitude of influences on children and adolescents that affect their functioning and therapy outcomes, (b) accurately defining the referral problem, (c) identifying appropriate outcome measures and reliable informants of change in child and adolescent treatment, and (d) considering developmental processes that influence therapeutic effectiveness. It is suggested that transporting clinical trials methods to natural settings is of limited value in identifying cause-and-effect relationships, and an alternative methodology is proposed for advancing child therapy outcome research. This approach advocates developing a profile of the underlying causes that predict psychopathology and therapy outcome for individual children in real clinical settings and then aggregating the data for youth with similar profiles and outcomes. These data can then be used to generate hypotheses about what interventions work for specific children, and investigators can employ prospective studies of therapy outcome for youth with similar profiles.
Purification and characterization of dinitrophenylglutathione ATPase of human erythrocytes and its expression in other tissues

S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (Dnp-SG) ATPase of human erythrocytes has been purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography. In reduced denaturing gels, the subunit Mr value of Dnp-SG ATPase was found to be 38,000. Dinitrophenyl glutathione (Dnp-SG) stimulated the hydrolysis of ATP by the purified enzyme whereas oxidized glutathione (GSSG) did not, indicating that Dnp-SG and GSSG are transported from the erythrocytes by different transporters. Results of Western blot analysis using the antibodies against Dnp-SG ATPase subunits indicated that the enzyme was expressed in human liver, lung, placenta and pancreas.
trans-10, cis-12 CLA promotes osteoblastogenesis via SMAD mediated mechanism in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

The inverse relationship between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells has been linked to overall bone mass. It has previously been reported that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits adipogenesis via a peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) mediated mechanism, while it increases osteoblastogenesis via a PPARγ-independent mechanism in mesenchymal stem cells. This suggests potential implication of CLA on improving bone mass. Thus the purpose of this study was to determine involvement of CLA on regulation of osteoblastogenesis in murine mesenchymal stem cells by focusing on the Mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD)-related family of molecules 8 (SMAD8), one of key regulators of osteoblastogenesis. The trans-10,cis-12 CLA, but not the cis-9,trans-11, significantly increased osteoblastogenesis via SMAD8, and inhibited adipogenesis independent of SMAD8, while inhibiting factors regulating osteoclastogenesis in this model. These suggest that CLA may help improve osteoblastogenesis via a SMAD8 mediated mechanism.
A comparative morphometric analysis of Cancer borealis Stimpson, 1859 and Cancer irroratus Say, 1817 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean

ABSTRACT The distributions of Cancer borealis and Cancer irroratus are analyzed, a record of C. borealis from Bermuda is confirmed, and new records of C. irroratus from Haiti are reported. Important morphological characters from the carapace were selected and tested for significant differences across latitude and depth gradients. One-way analysis of variance was used to test for significance. Least square means technique with Tukey—Kramer statistics was used to examine the differences between character measurement means. Northern (above 41°N) and southern (below 30°N) groups of C. borealis showed significant (P < 0.05) differences from mid-latitude groups in carapace and chelae measurement means. In C. irroratus, northern (above 38°N) and southern (below 32°N) groups also exhibited significant (P < 0.05) differences from mid-latitude groups in carapace and chelae measurement means. Discriminant function analysis using morphological diagnostic characters were used effectively to differentiate between the t...
Reductive dissolution of goethite by phenolic reductants

Abstract The reductive dissolution of goethite (α-FeOOH) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) by phenolic reductants has been examined in order to improve the understanding of iron transformations in soils, sediments and aquifers. Rates of goethite reductive dissolution by hydroquinone increased as the pH was increased from pH 1.8 to 4.65, arid the following reaction stoichiometry was obeyed: 2α-FeOOH + QH2 = 2Fe2+ + Q + 4OH−. As the pH was increased from pH 4.5 to 6.0, the reductive dissolution rate decreased to below the detection limit. At pH 3.4, the reductive dissolution of hematite was two orders of magnitude slower than goethite. The relationship between structure and reactivity was examined for a series of mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxybenzene reductants. Rates of reductive dissolution decreased in the following order: catechol ∼- hydroquinone > 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid > resorcinol-phenol-4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Putting the Brakes on Cytokinesis with α-Actinin

Although signal transduction pathways provide spatiotemporal control of cytokinesis, additional regulation likely occurs through complex cytoskeletal network interactions. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Mukhina et al. (2007) show that myosin-II modulates the cortical lifetime of the actin crosslinker α-actinin, which in turn tunes actin filament dynamics, thereby controlling furrow ingression.
Women of the fifties: Their past sexual experiences and current sexual attitudes in the context of mother/daughter relationships

As part of a study on sexual communication between mothers and daughters, 141 college-educated mothers of college-age daughters completed a questionnaire on their past sexual activities (including high school and college experiences, first love experience, first experience of intercourse, first and successive pregnancies, and birth of first child). Mothers also indicated the degree to which they had experienced 14 sex-related fears during college and at present. Several questions tapped present sexual attitudes concerning themselves and their daughters. Mothers were asked how they would feel if their daughters never married, never had children, or had a homosexual relation. The majority reported that their sexual attitudes had become more liberal since college and indicated that their daughters had influenced these attitudes. The majority also indicated they were satisfied with the current sexual communication with their daughters and with the mother/daughter relationship in general.
Impact of urinary tract infection on allograft function after kidney transplantation

Objectives Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infectious complication after kidney transplantation. We aim to determine its impact on allograft function as indicated by several measures such as iothalamate glomerular filtration rate (iGFR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and creatinine value. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study to determine the impact of UTI on kidney allograft outcome. Results The study population consisted of 301 kidney transplant recipients; 84% were living donor transplants. One hundred and one patients (34%) developed at least one episode of UTI and the incidence of UTI during the first year after transplantation was 25%. At the end of the follow-up, the iGFR was lower among patients who had developed at least one UTI (p = 0.044). However, eGFR and creatinine values were not significantly different between UTI and non-UTI groups. Conclusion When kidney function was measured by eGFR and creatinine, there was no significant difference in allograft function between kidney recipients with or without UTI. However, when kidney function was measured by nuclear studies, there was a tendency toward impairment in allograft function among patients who developed atleast one UTI after transplantation.
The Number of Neurons in the Brain: How We Report What We Do Not Know

Physiological chapters from 31 introductory psychology textbooks were examined for information concerning the number of neurons in the human brain and how many neurons die each day. Almost all text authors reported definite answers to these complex and, as yet, unanswered questions. The answers differed with respect to the number of neurons, but there was uniform agreement about how many die. We comment on the importance of the problem of false certainty and discuss how misinformation may be reported and passed from text to text. We also suggest possible solutions to the problem.
A computational study of spherical diffusion flames in microgravity with gas radiation Part I: Model development and validation

The overarching goal of this study is to improve our understanding of the extinction characteristics of spherical diffusion flames in microgravity. In particular, one of the key objectives is to assess the effects of gas radiation as a means to promote flame extinction. To investigate these phenomena, a one-dimensional computational model was developed to simulate the evolution of a spherical diffusion flame with consideration of detailed chemistry and transport properties. The model formulation was described along with the detailed numerical method. Radiation model was discussed with two aspects: radiation property model and radiative transfer model. Various levels of radiation models were implemented and the results were compared with experimental measurements of flame radius and temperature profiles. It was shown that the statistical narrow band model (SNB) combined with the discrete ordinate method (DOM) reproduced the experimental results with highest accuracy, and this combination of the radiation models were adopted in the subsequent parametric studies in Part II. Computational issues to optimize numerical accuracy and efficiency are also discussed.
Parallelism Effects and Verb Activation: The Sustained Reactivation Hypothesis

This study investigated the processes underlying parallelism by evaluating the activation of a parallel element (i.e., a verb) throughout and-coordinated sentences. Four points were tested: (1) approximately 1,600ms after the verb in the first conjunct (PP1), (2) immediately following the conjunction (PP2), (3) approximately 1,100ms after the conjunction (PP3), (4) at the end of the second conjunct (PP4). The results revealed no activation at PP1, suggesting activation related to the initial presentation had decayed by this point; however, activation was observed at PP2, PP3, and PP4, suggesting the conjunction elicits reactivation that is sustained throughout the second conjunct. These findings support a specific hypothesis about parallelism, the sustained reactivation hypothesis. This hypothesis claims that, in conjoined structures, a cue that is associated with parallelism elicits the reactivation of material from the first conjunct and that this activation is sustained until integration with the second conjunct can be completed.
Comparisons of computational methods for differential alternative splicing detection using RNA-seq in plant systems

Alternative Splicing (AS) as a post-transcription regulation mechanism is an important application of RNA-seq studies in eukaryotes. A number of software and computational methods have been developed for detecting AS. Most of the methods, however, are designed and tested on animal data, such as human and mouse. Plants genes differ from those of animals in many ways, e.g., the average intron size and preferred AS types. These differences may require different computational approaches and raise questions about their effectiveness on plant data. The goal of this paper is to benchmark existing computational differential splicing (or transcription) detection methods so that biologists can choose the most suitable tools to accomplish their goals. This study compares the eight popular public available software packages for differential splicing analysis using both simulated and real Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-seq data. All software are freely available. The study examines the effect of varying AS ratio, read depth, dispersion pattern, AS types, sample sizes and the influence of annotation. Using a real data, the study looks at the consistences between the packages and verifies a subset of the detected AS events using PCR studies. No single method performs the best in all situations. The accuracy of annotation has a major impact on which method should be chosen for AS analysis. DEXSeq performs well in the simulated data when the AS signal is relative strong and annotation is accurate. Cufflinks achieve a better tradeoff between precision and recall and turns out to be the best one when incomplete annotation is provided. Some methods perform inconsistently for different AS types. Complex AS events that combine several simple AS events impose problems for most methods, especially for MATS. MATS stands out in the analysis of real RNA-seq data when all the AS events being evaluated are simple AS events.
Daily novel wheel running reorganizes and splits hamster circadian activity rhythms

The phenomenon of splitting of locomotor activity rhythms in con- stant light has implied that the mammalian circadian pacemaker is composed of multiple interacting circadian oscillators. Exposure of male Syrian hamsters to novel running wheels also induces splitting in some reports, although novel wheel running (NWR) is better known for its effects on altering circadian phase and the length of the free-running period. In three experiments, the authors con- firm and extend earlier reports of split rhythms induced by NWR. Male Syrian hamsters, entrained to LD 14:10, were transferred for 6 to 11 consecutive days to darkened novel Wahmann wheels at ZT 4 and were returned to their home cages at ZT 9. All hamsters ran robustly in the novel wheels. NWR caused a marked reorganization of home cage wheel-running behavior: Activity onsets delayed progressively with each additional day of NWR. After 11 days, activity onset in the nighttime scotophase was delayed by 7 h and disappeared completely in 2 hamsters (Experiment 1). After 6 to 7 days of NWR (Experiment 2), activity onset delayed by 5 h. Transfer of hamsters to constant darkness (DD) after 7 days of NWR revealed clearly split activity rhythms: The delayed nighttime activity bout was clearly identifiable and characterized by a short duration. A second bout associated with the former time of NWR was equally distinct and exhibited a similarly short duration. These components rejoined after 3 to 5 days in DD accomplished via delays and advances of the nighttime and afternoon compo- nents, respectively. The final experiment established that rejoining of activity components could be prevented by perpetuating the light-dark:light-dark cycle used to induce split rhythms. The data suggest that NWR causes selective phase shifting of some circadian oscillators and that component oscillators interact strongly in constant darkness.
A comprehensive critical collection of electrochemical data

Abstract Ready access to the data embodied in the scientific literature is essential for those attempting to devise new applications for analytical methods. Many of the compilations of polarographic data which have been made in the past are now incomplete and obsolete. A more comprehensive and enduring database for polarography is now being compiled.
Teaching loop invariants to beginners by examples

Since the concept of a loop invariant has long been recognized as the correct way to design and analyse loops, it is important that its application to programming be introduced to students and programmers as early as possible. This paper describes how to teach the use of loop invariants to reason about loops and to program them correctly in introductory programming courses by following a systematic set of steps coupled with examples.
Exploring the Social Supportive Role of Third Places in Consumers' Lives

Using grounded theory methodology, a framework that illustrates how and why third places—that is, places such as diners, coffee shops, and taverns—become meaningful in consumers'lives is offered. The framework suggests that some consumers patronize third places to satisfy not only their consumption needs but also their needs for companionship and emotional support. These supportive needs are prevalent in older-aged consumers, who often experience events that diminish relationships. Therefore, these consumers may turn to their “commercial friendships” in third places for support. On the basis of the consumer needs that a third place satisfies, consumers identify a third place as place-as-practical, place-as-gathering, or place-as-home. The framework is verified with the Social Support Questionnaire for Transactions instrument. The data reveal that as the frequency to which consumers obtain companionship and emotional support from their commercial friendships increases, so too does their loyalty.
Anisotropic three-dimensional magnetic fluctuations in heavy fermion CeRhIn5

CeRhIn 5 is a heavy fermion antiferromagnet that orders at 3.8 K. The observation of pressure-induced superconductivity in CeRhIn 5 at a very high T C of 2.1 K for heavy fermion materials has led to speculations regardingits magnetic fluctuation spectrum. Using magnetic neutron scattering, we report anisotropic three-dimensional antiferromagnetic fluctuations with an energy scale of less than 1.7 meV for temperatures as high as 3T C . In addition, the effect of the magnetic fluctuations on electrical resistivity is well described by the Born approximation.
Influence of high dose neutron irradiation at 385 and 750°C on the microhardness of MgAl2O4 spinel

Abstract High-purity specimens of stoichiometric MgAl2O4 single crystal spinel and a hot-pressed polycrystalline ceramic spinel were irradiated to exposures as large as 24.9 × 1022 n cm−2 (E > 0.1 MeV) in FFTF at 385 and 750°C. The specimens did not develop any brittleness or fragility, and maintained their physical integrity. Microhardness measurements revealed that initially all specimens hardened a small amount and then recovered slightly. At the lower irradiation temperature, the dependence of microhardness on orientation observed prior to irradiation tended to disappear. There was also some evidence that a secondary slip system was being activated. Following 750°C irradiation, the orientation dependence was not lost, and the evidence for activation of a secondary slip system was stronger.
Effectiveness of Contact Isolation during a Hospital Outbreak of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Contact isolation has been recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the prevention of nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but there are few data which prospectively quantitate the effectiveness of contact isolation for this purpose. During an outbreak of MRSA in a neonatal intensive care unit between July 18, 1991 and January 30, 1992, weekly surveillance cultures were performed on all patients. Sixteen of 331 admissions became colonized with MRSA, and 3 (19%) developed infections: bacteremia, conjunctivitis, and dialysis catheter site infection. The isolates from all 16 patients were submitted to plasmid profile analysis and restriction enzyme analysis of whole cell DNA. All of the patients had identical chromosomal patterns and plasmid profiles, which differed from control isolates from other wards, indicating that the outbreak resulted from spread of a unique strain. None of 144 personnel who were cultured after recent contact with newly colonized patients during the outbreak were found to carry MRSA, which suggests that patients were the reservoir for transmission rather than caregivers. The most probable source for each individual transmission was determined based on proximity in time and space and shared exposure to caregivers. The rate of transmission of MRSA from patients on contact isolation was significantly lower (0.009 transmissions per day on isolation) than the rate for patients not on isolation (0.140 transmissions per day unisolated, relative risk = 15.6, 95% confidence interval 5.3-45.6, p < 0.0001). The authors conclude that the risk of nosocomial transmission of MRSA was reduced 16-fold by contact isolation during the outbreak in this neonatal intensive care unit. These data confirm the results of previous studies which have suggested that contact isolation was effective in controlling the epidemic spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Error bounds for the Galerkin method applied to singular and nonsingular boundary value problems

The purpose of this article is to obtainL 2 and uniform norm error estimates for the Galerkin approximation of the solution of certain boundary value problems via a comparison with then-norm projection of the solution. In some cases, these estimates constitute an improvement over known results.
Primary cultures of fetal hepatocytes from the genetically obese Zucker rat: protein synthesis.

Primary fetal hepatocytes derived from Zucker rats with expectedfa gene frequencies of 0.0 and 0.75 have been established and can be used to detect early effects of thefa gene on hepatocellular metabolism. Paired incubation experiments demonstrate that protein synthesis in 0.75fa gene cultures is significantly less than in 0.0fa gene cultures under basal conditions. Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in 0.0fa gene cultures but has no effect on 0.75fa gene cultures. Cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis in both types of culture. NH4Cl inhibits protein synthesis in 0.0 but not in 0.75fa gene cultures. These data suggest that fetal hepatocytes bearing thefa gene have in vitro a generally sluggish anabolic capacity and a blunted capacity to respond to insulin compared to fetal hepatocytes without thefa gene. These diminished capacities may be expressions of a genetic error in lysosomal function.
Rapid radioimmunoassay for both T4 and T3 in the same sample of human serum.

ABSTRACT A rapid method for determination of total T3 and T4 has been developed. Approximately 24 hr are required when a sizable number of samples of human serum is being tested, or 3 hr for a single serum in an emergency. Ethanol extraction, heating of extract with antibody at 40 C, and replacement of double antibody precipitation by PEG precipitation are the main improvements. Final values check within limits of error of the methods between the original method (4) and the present modification.
The ACP multiprocessor system at Fermilab

Abstract The Advanced Computer Program at Fermilab has developed a multiprocessor system which is easy to use and uniquely cost effective for many high energy physics problems. The system is based on single board computers which cost under $1500 each to build including 2 Mbytes of on board memory. Expansion to 6 Mbytes is now available. These standard VME modules each run experiment reconstruction code in Fortran at speeds approaching that of a VAX 11/780. The first system, now with 100 processors, has been operated for six months, with essentially no down time, by computer operators in the Fermilab Computer Center. An interface from Fastbus to the Branch Bus has been developed for online use which has been tested error free at 20 Mbytes/s for 48 hours. ACP hardware modules are available commercially.