cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early selective effects of gentamicin on renal brush-border membrane Na-Pi cotransport and Na-H exchange

Gentamicin nephrotoxicity is associated with impairments in proximal tubular function. This study determined whether gentamicin administration to the rat, before a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), causes early and selective alterations in renal cortical brush-border membrane (BBM) enzyme and transport activity, lipid composition, and fluidity. Three days of gentamicin administration caused significant decreases in the Vmax of alkaline phosphatase, the Vmax of sodium gradient-dependent phosphate transport (Na-Pi cotransport), and the Vmax of pH gradient-dependent sodium transport (Na-H exchange). Gentamicin did not affect BBM-bound maltase or leucine aminopeptidase activities and sodium gradient-dependent glucose or proline transport activities. Gentamicin also caused a significant decrease in BBM sphingomyelin, significant increases in BBM phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol, a significant decrease in the phospholipid fatty acid saturation index, and a significant increase in BBM fluidity, i.e., decrease in the fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene. These BBM functional and compositional effects of gentamicin were independent of endogenous parathyroid hormone activity. We conclude that gentamicin causes early and specific alterations in BBM enzyme and transport activity and also lipid composition, which may play an important role in the progression of renal cell injury.
Management of Blood Loss in the Austere Environment

The management of blood loss in the resource-limited setting provides a number of unique challenges. In developed countries, blood banks are almost universally stocked with blood components (packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate), while in low-resource countries, there may be no formal blood banking services and when present whole blood is often all that is available. Furthermore, blood transfusions in such countries may be at higher risk for possible transmission of infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV, and the hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses. This increased risk profile, along with the limited supply, requires the surgeon to triage patients and allocate blood products to not only those with the most severe injuries but also to those with relatively high likelihood of survival if transfused.
Cognitive-behavioral therapies for depression and substance use disorders: An overview of traditional, third-wave, and transdiagnostic approaches

Background: The co-occurrence of depression and substance use disorders (SUD) is highly prevalent and associated with poor treatment outcomes for both disorders. As compared to individuals sufferin...
Magnetizing and testing

Introduction In previous Chapters, transfer of energy to and from a permanent magnet, and associated changes in energy of the external field have been discussed. For initial magnetization, the objective is to apply sufficient energy to the material to align its internal magnetization vectors Min a unique direction, for which the magnet is said to saturate at M sat . Optimum performance is achieved along this preferred axis, but the characteristics quantifying the material's properties have to be measured outside the magnet. The internal parameter M cannot in fact be measured directly, and although the intrinsic curve is the more fundamental characteristic of a magnet, it must be deduced from an external measurement of the normal B versus H loop. This example illustrates a problem, which is commonly encountered by users of permanent magnets. Whereas they design a device to operate in a certain manner, it later appears that the real magnet does not meet these expectations. Later in this Chapter, we discuss various techniques that are used for measuring magnetic parameters - their application to the properties of magnets themselves will provide the basis for quality control. Unfortunately, the magnitude of applied field that is required to saturate a particular magnet is a somewhat empirical quantity.
A Fabrication Method for a Mid-Sized, High-Energy-Density, Flux Compression Generator

Performance reproducibility is a necessity when considering sources for single-shot, high-voltage applications. Helical flux compression generators (HFCGs) are attractive for a variety of single-shot applications and are capable of high energy amplification that can be used in conjunction with other pulse-shaping techniques such as an exploding wire fuse for achieving high output voltages [1,2]. Small scale HFCGs (with active volumes on the order of ~100-200 cm3), however, are known to perform unreliably from shot to shot [3] and can lose as much as 80% of the flux available in the system based on previous experience with small to mid-sized HFCGs [4]. The performance variation is often attributed to erratic armature expansion behavior and/or fabrication methods and tolerances [3, 4]. As the compressible volume increases, HFCGs are known to conserve more flux and perform more reliably [2]. A fabrication method is presented for a midsized (with active volumes on the order of ~300-400 cm3) dual-stage HFCG that aims to improve the reproducibility in shot to shot performance with the goal of increasing the appeal for use of HFCGs in single-shot pulsed-power applications. Results of experiments with inductive loads of ~3 muH are discussed.
Techniques for determination of the Hydrogen Content in Aluminium and its Alloys—a Review

Reduction of hydrogen to low levels during production is imperative for the control of hydrogen-related defects in finished aluminium and aluminium alloy products. This is particularly important fo...
Continuity and Change in the Roles of Correctional Personnel

If the field of corrections is defined in a broad manner, such as bringing a person to a state of behavior in which their acts are in conformity with the laws of society, every person who comes in contact with someone who has allegedly committed a criminal act who has some positive effect on changing the person’s behavior can be considered a corrections worker. Police officers assigned to juvenile diversion programs, student resource officers working in the schools, judges who preside over family courts and juvenile drug courts, teachers, religious advisors, mental health specialists, family members, and volunteers who assist in the rehabilitation of those convicted of a criminal or delinquent act can be considered correctional workers.
Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effect of Consolidation Behavior on Pile Setup

This paper presents the field experimental results of static load tests (SLTs) and dynamic load tests (DLTs) that were conducted on instrumented prestressed concrete (PSC) test piles to characterize the pile setup phenomenon for individual soil layers along the piles' length. For this purpose, three PSC piles were driven at a bridge construction site in Lake Charles, LA, that were tested at different times after installation. The piles were instrumented with sister bar strain gauges to measure the load transfer along the piles' length, and pressure cells and piezometers to measure the total stress, effective stress and excess pore water pressure (PWP) with time and hence the setup for different soil layers along the piles' length. Multilevel piezometers were installed in the surrounding soil to evaluate the spatial distribution of excess PWP and to measure the influenced zone caused by pile driving. The load tests showed that the side resistance increased by 129 %, 99 %, and 91 % for the three test piles during the last load test. The case pile wave analysis program (CAPWAP) analysis of the DLTs and the load distribution plots from SLTs were used to compute the resistance of individual soil layers along the piles with time. The results showed that the soil layers with low undrained shear strength and high value of generated excess PWP exhibited higher amount of setup; while soil layers with low permeability and low coefficient of consolidation exhibited higher rate of setup compared to other soil layers. The results also showed that setup increased at a higher rate before the dissipation of excess PWP and the rate became much slower after the end of dissipation process. The dissipation of excess PWP (or consolidation data) was used to quantify the setup by its contributing factors (i.e., consolidation and aging effect). The results showed that a majority of setups was because of the consolidation effect. The results of multilevel piezometers indicated that the influenced zone because of pile driving was almost 3B (B = pile width) radial distance from pile face.
Intermolecular Interactions Involving First Row Hydrides: Spectroscopic Studies of Complexes of HF, H2O, NH3, and HCN

This article reviews the structural characterization, by means of rotational spectroscopy, of a number of complexes of HF, H2O, NH3, and HCN. In addition to the complexes of each of these hydrides with each other, the complexes with CO, CO2, C2H2, and C2H4 are also examined. The studies of the complexes of NH3 are complemented by recently obtained infrared-microwave double resonance results.
Anomalous Root Structure on Woody Plants in vitro

Abstract The anatomical structure of in vitro-generated roots contrasted sharply with ex vitro roots produced on parallel treatments of micropropagated woody plant clones. In vitro roots contained enlarged, irregular, frequently pigmented cortical cells with numerous intercellular spaces, and only primary vascular system 4–5 weeks after initiation, while ex vitro roots of the same age were comprised of smaller, uniformly arranged cell layers and were developmentally further advanced (exhibited secondary vascular system development). Light exposure was not a major influence on anomalous structure of in vitro roots, other than pigmented cell frequency. Ex vitro rooting hormone stimulated production of thicker, more frequent root initials, although root structure beyond the point of emergence from the stem quickly transformed to the slender, compact character typical of ex vitro production.
Perceptions of the relative harmfulness of marijuana and alcohol among adults in Oregon.

Abstract This study documents perceptions of the relative harmfulness of marijuana and alcohol to a person's health among adults in Oregon just before the first legal sales of marijuana for recreational use. We surveyed 1941 adults in Oregon in September 2015. Respondents were recruited using an address-based sampling (ABS) frame (n = 1314) and social media advertising (n = 627). Respondents completed paper surveys (ABS-mail, n = 388) or online surveys (ABS-online, n = 926; social media, n = 627). We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to examine perceptions of the relative harmfulness of marijuana and alcohol by sample characteristics, including substance use. About half of adults in Oregon (52.5%) considered alcohol to be more harmful to a person's health than marijuana. A substantial proportion considered the substances equally harmful (40.0%). Few considered marijuana to be more harmful than alcohol (7.5%). In general, respondents who were younger, male, and not Republican were more likely than others to consider alcohol more harmful than marijuana. Respondents who were older, female, and Republican were more likely to consider marijuana and alcohol equally harmful. Most individuals who reported using both marijuana and alcohol (67.7%) and approximately half of those who used neither substance (48.2%) considered alcohol to be more harmful than marijuana. Perceptions about the relative harmfulness of marijuana and alcohol may have implications for public health. As state lawmakers develop policies to regulate marijuana, it may be helpful to consider the ways in which those policies may also affect use of alcohol and co-use of alcohol and marijuana.
Una serrana domesticada: La señá Frasquita en El sombrero de tres picos (1874)

Despite the large amount of scholarship on Pedro Antonio de Alarcon's El sombrero de tres picos, its female protagonist, Frasquita, has been overlooked. This article analyzes the character of Frasq...
An Introductory Course in Commutative Algebra. By A. W. Chatters and C. R. Hajarnavis, Introduction to Algebra. By Peter J. Cameron

(1999). An Introductory Course in Commutative Algebra. By A. W. Chatters and C. R. Hajarnavis, Introduction to Algebra. By Peter J. Cameron. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 5, pp. 481-483.
Putting Work Life Balance into Practice: Policy Implications for Academic Librarians

Work-life balance for academic librarians is often problematic because while they are often held to the same scholarship and service standards as teaching faculty; their work responsibilities do not always afford them the same independence and autonomy to complete these requirements. Further, library leaders concerned with recruitment and retention should consider reviewing and updating policies that address work-life balance as a way to gain the competitive advantage. This study explores the policies that hinder and support librarians in achieving greater work-life balance. A survey of 329 academic librarians working in urban settings found that changes and enhancements in schedule flexibility would assist many librarians with achieving greater work-life balance.
Some Studies With Far-Infrared Spectroscopy

This paper will present our experience in far-infrared spectroscopy, including our first introduction to it and the problems we encountered in using this tool. Some of the problems are typical of those encountered by workers inexperienced in the field. I think it is of value to relate these problems for others who are considering work in this field.
Managing the Care of Patients with HIV Infection.

How to diagnose and manage the care of people infected with HIV. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Midface Lifting with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Orbital Rim Implants

It has been observed that when multiple surgical approaches exist for a single problem, there is no one best method. In the case of midface surgery, this observation is rendered even more complex, because the anatomic issues addressed by each of the various approaches differ. For example, proponents of a volume loss theory of midface aging seek to correct the problem with fi llers, whereas those that believe that the midface becomes ptotic advocate lifting via a variety of techniques.
State Legislators' Roll-Call Votes on Farm Animal Protection Bills: The Agricultural Connection

AbstractNonhuman animal studies scholars have extensively investigated attitudes on animal welfare in general and farm animal welfare in particular. Thus far, this research has focused mainly on public opinion, but there has been minimal research seeking to explain the influences on actual policymakers when they vote on farm animal welfare legislation. This paper contributes to this literature by quantitatively analyzing 216 state legislators’ votes on two farm animal welfare bills. It hypothesizes that the representatives’ personal and representational connections with agriculture best explain their votes on these farm animal protection bills. This research also includes three control variables: each legislator’s gender, race/ethnicity, and political party. Logistic regression revealed that the legislators’ personal and representational connections with agriculture are significant, but political party is the strongest independent variable explaining state legislators’ farm animal welfare votes. An interaction model revealed mixed evidence that political party moderates the influence of agriculture.
Barrier materials to reduce contaminant emissions from structural insulated panels

Publisher Summary The use of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) to create very tight building envelopes helps reducing the environmental impact and energy use of new housing. Typically, SIPs are constructed from oriented strand board (OSB) and rigid foam in multilayered sandwich-like structures. Although environmental and energy advantages make panelized systems very attractive, the tighter building envelopes may result in degraded indoor air quality. The potential release of volatile contaminants from SIPs must also be considered to ensure the reduced energy use. A physically based diffusion model that predicts emissions from a single layer of vinyl flooring has recently been developed and successfully validated. A logical extension of this approach is to apply the model to predict emissions from multilayer systems such as SIPs. A double-layer model is developed to predict the rate of mass transfer from double-layered building material to indoor air. It is assumed that the two layers are flat homogeneous slabs, that internal mass transfer is governed by diffusion, and that the indoor air is well mixed. An analytical solution to the double-layer model is presented and used to demonstrate the potential for a thin surface barrier layer to reduce contaminant emission rates from building materials.
The maximum angular-diameter distance in cosmology

Unlike other observational signatures in cosmology, the angular-diameter distance d_A(z) uniquely reaches a maximum (at z_max) and then shrinks to zero towards the big bang. The location of this turning point depends sensitively on the model, but has been difficult to measure. In this paper, we estimate and use z_max inferred from quasar cores: (1) by employing a sample of 140 objects yielding a much reduced dispersion due to pre-constrained limits on their spectral index and luminosity, (2) by reconstructing d_A(z) using Gaussian processes, and (3) comparing the predictions of seven different cosmologies and showing that the measured value of z_max can effectively discriminate between them. We find that z_max=1.70 +\- 0.20---an important new probe of the Universe's geometry. The most strongly favoured model is R_h=ct, followed by Planck LCDM. Several others, including Milne, Einstein-de Sitter and Static tired light are strongly rejected. According to these results, the R_h=ct universe, which predicts z_max=1.718, has a ~92.8% probability of being the correct cosmology. For consistency, we also carry out model selection based on d_A(z) itself. This test confirms that R_h=ct and Planck LCDM are among the few models that account for angular-size data better than those that are disfavoured by z_max. The d_A(z) comparison, however, is less discerning than that with z_max, due to the additional free parameter, H_0. We find that H_0=63.4 +\- 1.2 km/s/Mpc for R_h=ct, and 69.9 +\- 1.5 km/s/Mpc for LCDM. Both are consistent with previously measured values in each model, though they differ from each other by over 4 sigma. In contrast, model selection based on z_max is independent of H_0.
Surgical hip dislocation through a modified direct lateral approach: real-time perfusion monitoring.

Abstract This study aimed to measure femoral head perfusion during hip resurfacing arthroplasty through a trochanter-sparing modified direct lateral approach. High-power laser Doppler probes were inserted into the femoral heads of 26 patients (26 hips, age range 35-70 years). Changes in blood flow were recorded (1) pre-capsulectomy (reference), (2) post-capsulectomy, and (3) following femoral head dislocation and reduction. There were no statistically significant changes in perfusion amplitudes post-capsulectomy and following femoral head dislocation and reduction (mean −10%, P = .134 and +27%, P = .166, respectively). Prolonged dislocation with the hip maximally flexed and externally rotated resulted in significantly decreased perfusion (mean −28%, P = .002). This study provides in vivo evidence that surgical hip dislocation is feasible using a modified direct lateral approach.
Limited yield advantage of early-season rice hybrids over inbreds in middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Early-season rice plays a significant role in double rice-cropping system in China to improve the grain yield per unit of area. But recently, the stagnation of grain yield increase has been witnessed for early-season rice varieties in middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, particular in the national rice regional adaption trials of southern China. Further, in the early cropping season, hybrid rice did not always perform better than inbred rice in grain production. It is relevant to question whether yield ceilings have been reached in early-season indica rice before a new breakthrough on the germplasm exploitation. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the yield performance of five inbreds and their 12 derived hybrid rice varieties in 2017 and 2018 in Hangzhou, China. Limited yield advantage of early-season hybrids over inbreds was observed, commonly less than 5.00% and averaged as 0.62% in 2017 and 3.20% in 2018. The hybrids always produced more panicles per plant but less grains per panicle with similar growing periods compared with the inbreds. Then, the genetic distance of the hybrid parents was surveyed using 48 selected molecular markers, showing low polymorphisms. Further, they were genotyped for four critical quantitative trait loci for both yield traits and heading date and three ones only for yield traits. So did 60 major early-season indica rice varieties at the four pleiotropic loci. Evidence was shown for the high uniform of their haplotype combinations across the tested materials, which could lead to early heading and low yield potential. Our work revealed the low genetic diversity, or called genetic bottleneck, for early-season hybrids to further improve grain yield potential. Moreover, along with the popularization of low-input requirements, the inbred rice varieties of cheap seed price might be a more suitable alternative for this cropping season in middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Is the Autism Boom Headed for Medicaid? Patterns in the Enrollment of Autistic Adults in Wisconsin Medicaid, 2008–2018

Our primary objective was to describe demographic characteristics and enrollment patterns in a unique 11-year full sample of adult Wisconsin Medicaid beneficiaries with identified autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID). We obtained de-identified Medicaid claims data for adults with a recorded ASD or ID diagnosis aged 21 and older with any Medicaid fee-for-service claims between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018. We assessed enrollment, age, number of visits, and paid amount per year using generalized linear models with a random intercept for each beneficiary. We identified claims for 4,775 autistic adults without ID, 2,738 autistic adults with ID, 14,945 adults with ID, and 3,484 adults with Down syndrome. The age distribution of the diagnostic group with ASD diagnoses was right skewed with a majority of beneficiaries less than age 30. The ASD without ID diagnostic group had the least visits and paid amount per person per year compared to other groups. In each age category, the ASD with ID diagnostic group had the most paid amount per person per year compared to other groups. It is urgent that we identify the health and health service needs of autistic adults from young adulthood through old age. Our findings have implications for ensuring adequate health coverage across the lifespan and highlight the importance of a strong and accessible health care system for autistic people. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1541-1550. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Medicaid provides health insurance to disabled people who meet income requirements. We assessed patterns of enrollment and service use among autistic adults and adults with developmental disabilities in Wisconsin Medicaid. We found a consistent influx of new young autistic adults without intellectual disability into the Medicaid system, with fewer visits and lower paid amounts compared to other developmental disability groups. The changing population of autistic people using Medicaid has implications for providing health care to autistic adults in the future.
A Translation of Pedro de Alvarado’s 1526 Contract with the Spanish Crown: Pacific Exploration and Territoriality

Following the return to Spain of the remnant from the Magellan-Elcano voyage around the world (1519–22), various other Spanish voyages attempted to find the elusive return route eastward across the...
Creating Consumuments: The Use of Artistic Interpretation of Text as an Insight Mining Device in Advertising Courses

The goal of any approach used to gain a foundation of knowledge about a consumer segment is to ensure one can make decisions that are sound strategically and effectively serve the segment. This paper describes a new technique for profiling a consumer segment: creating a consumument. A consumument is an artistic interpretation of text which reflects insight into a consumer segment. The exercise, based on Tom Phillips' (2005) A Humument , seeks to encourage students to mine for meaning, reflect on consumer perceptions, emotions, and aspirations, and ultimately express their understanding of a consumer group artistically.
NG2 (Cspg4): Cell Surface Proteoglycan on Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Developing and Mature Nervous System

NG2 is an integral membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with a large extracellular domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. In the nervous system, NG2 is expressed on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2 cells), Schwann cells, and pericytes. NG2 expression is associated with proliferative or activated phenotypes. Through its interaction with growth factors and their receptors, integrins, and extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen VI, NG2 regulates a variety of cellular phenomena including cell adhesion and spreading, migration, and proliferation. The phenotypes of total and conditional NG2-knockout mice indicate a critical role for NG2 in fine-tuning the cellular proliferative response and in mediating cell–cell or cell–matrix interactions.
Mechanisms of Wheat Allergenicity in Mice: Comparison of Adjuvant-Free vs. Alum-Adjuvant Models

Wheat protein is considered a major type of food allergen in many countries including the USA. The mechanisms of allergenicity of wheat proteins are not well understood at present. Both adjuvant-based and adjuvant-free mouse models are reported for this food allergy. However, it is unclear whether the mechanisms underlying wheat allergenicity in these two types of models are similar or different. Therefore, we compared the molecular mechanisms in a novel adjuvant-free (AF) model vs. a conventional alum-adjuvant (AA) model of wheat allergy using salt-soluble wheat protein (SSWP). In the AF model, Balb/cJ mice were sensitized with SSWP via skin exposure. In the AA model, mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of SSWP with alum. In both models, allergic reactions were elicited using an identical protocol. Robust IgE as well as mucosal mast cell protein-1 responses were elicited similarly in both models. However, an analysis of the spleen immune markers identified strikingly different molecular activation patterns in these two models. Furthermore, a number of immune markers associated with intrinsic allergenicity were also identified in both models. Since the AF model uses skin exposure without an adjuvant, the mechanisms in the AF model may more closely simulate the human wheat allergenicity mechanisms from skin exposure in occupational settings such as in the baking industry.
Application of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in neonates with weaning failure

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of 41 neonates with weaning failure. Methods A retrospective study on the results of fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 41 neonates with weaning failure. Results A total of 41 neonates of throat abnormalities were examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, including 38 cases with laryngomalacia, 8 cases with serious hyperemia and swelling of the vocal cords, 2 cases with scar stenosis of subglottic, and one case in each of congenital laryngeal web, glottic insufficiency and congenital epiglottis cyst; trachea-bronchial abnormalities, including 31 cases with tracheomalacia, 2 cases with tracheal stenosis, 4 cases with partial bronchial stenosis, 1 cases with bridging bronchus and 1 cases with tracheoesophageal fistula.Thirty-eight neonates underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy to obtain bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and culture, bacterial culture positive in 15 cases(39.4%), of which 5 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 cases in each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, 2 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 case in each of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mitis; fungal culture positive for 6 cases(15.7%), of which 3 cases of Aspergillus fumigatus, 1 case in each of Candida glabrata, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis.The most common complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy were hypoxia and heart rate transient decline(26 cases, 63.4%), 3 cases fever after operation. Conclusion Fiberoptic bronchoscopy can not only find congenital tracheal deformity and tracheal mucosa lesions, but also complete the etiology from deep discharge.Fiberbronchoscopy is safe and reliable given adequate preparation and if it is performed by skilled personnel. Key words: Neonates; Weaning failure from mechanical ventilation; Fiberoptic bronchoscopy; Mechanical ventilation,
Investigation of EEG Correlate in NIRS Signal for BCI

In this study, a unique approach has been presented for performing correlation between the signals of two neuroimaging modalities for motor imagery data. By correlating the signals, we investigate the time sequence relationship between the haemodynamic response and electrophysiological activity during the performance of mental arithmetic vs resting-state and motor imagery activity of right vs left hand, as we correlate near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals respectively obtained during the same activity. Data of both EEG and NIRS are taken from “Open Access Dataset for EEG+NIRS Single-Trial Classification”. Thirty active electrodes have been used for the EEG data extraction using 1000 Hz as the sampling frequency. International 10-5 system has been employed for electrode placement for EEG signal extraction and one-tailed Pearson’s correlation analysis has been exercised on the responses of prominent channels. By correlating the EEG-NIRS signals, we demonstrate the correlation between haemodynamic response and readiness potential (RP) in the premotor cortex. Both modalities are also used for Mental Workload assessment so our work proves helpful in MWL results extraction too. The suggested correlation method can be utilized for approach validation procedures in future multi-modal BCI research activities.
A scalable tool for adjudication of time sensitive cases during COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, prioritization of care and utilization of scarce resources are daily considerations in healthcare systems that have never experienced these issues before. Elective surgical cases have been largely postponed, and surgery departments are struggling to correctly and equitably determine which cases need to proceed. A resource to objectively prioritize and track time sensitive cases would be useful as an adjunct to clinical decision-making. A multidisciplinary working group at Emory Healthcare developed and implemented an adjudication tool for the prioritization of time sensitive surgeries. The variables identified by the team to form the construct focused on the patient’s survivability according to actuarial data, potential impact on function with delay in care, and high-level biology of disease. Implementation of the prioritization was accomplished with a database design to streamline needed communication between surgeons and surgical adjudicators. All patients who underwent time sensitive surgery between 4/10/20 and 6/15/20 across 5 campuses were included. The primary outcomes of interest were calculated patient prioritization score and number of days until operation. 1767 cases were adjudicated during the specified time period. The distribution of prioritization scores was normal, such that real-time adjustment of the empiric algorithm was not required. On retrospective review, as the patient prioritization score increased, the number of days to the operating room decreased. This confirmed the functionality of the tool and provided a framework for organization across multiple campuses. We developed an in-house adjudication tool to aid in the prioritization of a large cohort of canceled and time sensitive surgeries. The tool is relatively simple in its design, reproducible, and data driven which allows for an objective adjunct to clinical decision-making. The database design was instrumental in communication optimization during this chaotic period for patients and surgeons.
P-Companion: A Principled Framework for Diversified Complementary Product Recommendation

If one customer buys a tennis racket, what are the best 3 complementary products to purchase together? 3 tennis ball packs, 3 headbands, 3 overgrips, or 1 of each respectively? Complementary product recommendation (CPR), aiming at providing product suggestions that are often bought together to serve a joint demand, forms a pivotal component of e-commerce service, however, existing methods are far from optimal. Given one product, how to recommend its complementary products of different types is the key problem we tackle in this work. We first conduct an extensive analysis to correct the inaccurate assumptions adopted by existing work to show that co-purchased products are not always complementary and further propose a new strategy to generate clean distant supervision labels for CPR modeling. Moreover, to bridge in the gap from existing work that CPR does not only need relevance modeling but also requires diversity to fulfill the whole purchase demand, we develop a deep learning framework, P-Companion to explicitly model both relevance and diversity. More specifically, given one product with its product type, P-Companion first uses an encoder-decoder network to predict multiple complementary product types, then a transfer metric learning network is developed to project the embedding of query product to each predicted complementary product type subspace and further learn the complementary relationship based on the distant supervision labels within each subspace. The whole framework can be trained from end-to-end and robust to cold-start products attributed to a novel pretrained product embedding module named Product2Vec, based on graph attention networks. Extensive offline experiments show that P-Companion outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by 7.1% increase on the Hit@10 score with well-controlled diversity. Production-wise, we deploy P-Companion to provide online recommendations for over 200M products at Amazon and observe significant gains on product sales and profit.
Review of Colonic Anastomotic Leakage and Prevention Methods

Although surgeries involving anastomosis are relatively common, anastomotic leakages are potentially deadly complications of colorectal surgeries due to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. As a result of the potentially fatal effects of anastomotic leakages, a myriad of techniques and treatments have been developed to treat these unfortunate cases. In order to better understand the steps taken to treat this complication, we have created a composite review involving some of the current and best treatments for colonic anastomotic leakage that are available. The aim of this article is to present a background review of colonic anastomotic leakage, as well as current strategies to prevent and treat this condition, for a broader audience, including scientist, engineers, and especially biomedical engineers.
Brief of Amicus Curiae Japanese American Citizens League, Trump V. Hawaii (17-965)

Amicus Brief of the Japanese American Citizens League, Trump v. Hawaii (17-965). The brief discusses the similarities between Executive Order 9066 during World War II and the various orders at issue in the "Travel Ban" case.
Immunology and Oncology

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion of immunology and oncology. A basic tenet of cancer immunology is the concept that the immune system is able to recognize and destroy cancer cells and thus the immune system exercises a protective role in host defense against neoplastic disease. This tenet predicates the presence on neoplastic cells of tumor antigens capable of triggering an immune response. The tumor-associated antigen is characterized as being found on a tumor cell and not detectable on the cells of an adult normal individual. These tumor-associated cell surface antigens (TASA) include the tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) involved in tumor transplant rejection and are capable of inducing resistance to tumor growth in the autocthonous host and in syngeneic hosts. The presence of TASA on tumor cells has been reported for a variety of human tumors as well as for tumors of experimental animals. The immune response is mediated by two major lymphocyte populations: B cells that undergo a bursal equivalent maturation process and are responsible for antibody production (humoral immunity) and T cells that require the thymus for maturation and are responsible for specific cell-mediated immunity, including allograft rejection, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, direct tumor cell killing in some systems, and lymphokine production. The chapter discusses suppressor cells, macrophage cytotoxicity, natural killer cells, interferons and tumor immune reactivity.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Paclitaxel Protein-Bound Particles (Abraxane®) in Combination with Gemcitabine as First-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

On September 6th, 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved paclitaxel proteinbound particles (albumin-bound) (Abraxane® for injectable suspension, Abraxis BioScience, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Celgene Co., Summit, NJ, USA), in combination with gemcitabine for the firstline treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas based on the MPACT study which demonstrated a clinically meaningful increase in overall survival [1].
Urban Housing and the Emergence of the Public-Private Partnership in American Social Policy

This paper traces the political history of the United States Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, an act that profoundly altered the direction of American housing policy by shifting production and management of low-income dwellings decisively away from government and toward the use of private for-profit companies. The law culminated the efforts of the most politically liberal of presidents, Lyndon Johnson, to introduce into American social policy the concept of the 'public-private partnership,' which was later adopted by conservative politicians such as Ronald Reagan. Examining the key events and interested parties - including the trade association of the nation’s home builders - the paper shows that a convergence of ideological, historical, institutional, political, and ultimately individual factors in 1967 and 1968 created the federal housing policies based on public-private partnerships.
Optimizing test strategies during PCB design for boards with limited ICT access

Engineers have used past experience or subjective preference as a means for assigning test strategies to new products without analyzing the benefits and weaknesses of various different test approaches in a quantitative manner. DFT (design for test) software tools that enable testability analysis during board design allow test engineers to work concurrently with designers. Case study results demonstrate that coverage predicted by DFT software is realistic when compared to actual fault coverage achieved in production. Using DFT software during PCB design to model the fault coverage of different test strategies and make ICT (in-circuit test) access tradeoffs can significantly reduce cost and improve quality. Defect capture rates more than doubled when using alternate test strategies and production line beat rates varied significantly depending on the test strategy chosen. When DFT software enables these decisions early in the product life cycle, both OEMs and EMS providers can win by driving cost reductions through the entire product life cycle from NPI (new product introduction) through manufacturing and warranty.
The Direct Photon Spectrum in the Inclusive Decay of the $\Upsilon$

Abstract The effect of the self coupling of gluons on the direct photon spectrum in the decay ϒ(1s) → ggγ is estimated using a parton-shower Monte Carlo approximation to QCD perturbation theory. Outgoing gluons radiate additional gluons thereby developing an invariant mass which distorts the Dalitz plot for the decay resulting in photons of less energy than the “naive” massless gluon prediction. The correction to the “Born term” photon spectrum is sizable and is not very sensitive to the value of the QCD parameter Λ.
Structure of metallic coatings for impurity control in macrotor

Abstract The properties of atomic metal condensates are to a large extent determined by parameters such as: microstructure, temperature during deposition, interfacial phenomena, and deposit thickness. At elevated first wall temperatures (200–600°C), a homogenous metallic film deposition can be achieved. For example, hydrogen embrittlement and flaking through hydride formation, currently a problem in fusion devices, can be avoided. The thickness of Ti-layers for acceptable impurity control must be at least a few hundred Angstroms because effective impurity control requires the physical covering of the impurity adsorbents on the surface. It is shown that thick coatings (micron range), which get formed by repetitive Ti-“gettering” in Macrotor, are likely to form a stable first wall, if properly deposited at elevated temperatures.
Police Response Time to In-Progress Burglary: A Multilevel Analysis

The need for rapid response has been a perennial issue in policing. Although several studies have examined the effect of response time on apprehension probability, little attention has been given t...
Comment on “Heat transfer in MHD viscoelastic boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation and non-uniform heat source/sink”

Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate that previously reported analytical solutions for the temperature field given in terms of Kummer’s function by Nandeppanavar et al. (2011) [1], are incorrect. We then provide valid solutions of the governing ordinary differential equations for the fluid flow and temperature field using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) for two general types of non-isothermal boundary conditions, namely, prescribed surface temperature and prescribed heat flux. Our analysis is supported by a graphical and tabular demonstration of convergence of the HAM solutions.
B3LYP, G2, G3, and complete basis set calculations of the thermodynamic properties of small cyclic and chain hydroboranes

Abstract As a follow-up to our three previous studies on high energy molecules, small cyclic and chain hydroboranes were considered; for this study, “small” is defined as three-membered boron rings, and two- and three- membered boron chains. Our results indicate that these molecules give off between 77 and 165 kJ/g of energy when combusted with oxygen. This makes them the most energetic molecules we have studied to date.
Where is the beef? Waist circumference is more highly correlated with BMI and total body fat than with abdominal visceral fat in children

Medically accepted ‘facts’ sometimes become outmoded when additional research shows them to be incorrect. This Commentary evaluates the evidence for the measurement of waist circumference (WC) in children and adolescents as a good surrogate for the measurement of abdominal visceral fat (VF) and for assessing the risk for ‘metabolic syndrome’. WC correlates well with total body fat, but does not correlate any better for abdominal VF than does BMI. The use of WC as a marker for VF and for ‘metabolic syndrome’ in children no longer seems valid even in the field or for epidemiological studies.
Safety and reliability synthesis of systems with control loops

A method of a reliability synthesis for a system with control loops is proposed by introducing a concept which we call a critical transition set. The set is an extended set of an exact failure mode and is important in that each occurrence of the system failure has to correspond to a mode in the set. This means that the system can be improved in such a way as to eliminate all the dominant modes in the set. First, the system diagram is obtained by connecting outputs of components to the inputs of succeeding components. Time delays are introduced in the feedback loops to represent the internal system state (memory). Then, the components are modeled by decision tables. The critical transition set can be obtained easily by simple tabular manipulations once the system failure is defined. Finally, the system reliability and availability improvements are made based on the set.
Mechanism of action of dental electro-anaesthesia.

NEWMAN1 has proposed that the analgesia produced by passing a small electric current from the dental drill (positive) to a hand electrode (negative) is due to anodal blocking of nerve fibres within the tooth. Fields et al.2 feel that the likely mechanism is electrocoagulation of odontoblasts in the dentinal tubules under the site of drilling. The difference is clinically important, for anodal blocking is a harmless reversible process whereas the destruction of odontoblasts leaves permanent dead tracts in the dentin under the site of application of the current. These two mechanisms can be separated by applying stimulation and electro-analgesic current to different sites on the same tooth, since the local mechanism (electrocoagulation) would have no effect in blocking a stimulus applied elsewhere.
Rhetorical Chemistry Negotiating Gendered Audiences in Nineteenth-Century Nutrition Studies

This article employs neoclassic and feminist rhetorical perspectives to investigate the persuasive strategies in two scientific articles written in the late nineteenth century by Ellen Swallow Rich...
Simultaneous isolation and immobilization of streptavidin-β-galactosidase: Some kinetic characteristics of the immobilized enzyme and regeneration of bioreactors☆

Abstract A streptavidin-β-galactosidase fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and bioselectively adsorbed from crude cell lysates to biotin covalently immobilized on controlled pore glass. Michaelis constants for the immobilized enzyme with o -nitrophenyl-β- d -galactopyranoside and lactose were 0.28 and 0.4 m m , respectively. Very similar values were obtained with a commercial preparation of soluble enzyme, indicating that neither folding of the fusion protein nor interaction of the streptavidin domain with immobilized biotin altered the structure of the substrate binding site. As compared to soluble enzyme, the apparent optimum pH for activity was shifted 0.5 units to the acid region and the optimum temperature was 5°C lower. Similar bioreactor activities were regenerated five times by desorption of the fusion enzyme protein with 6 m guanidinium chloride followed by readsorption from cell lysates.
Two α-herpesvirus strains are transported differentially in the rodent visual system

Uptake and transneuronal passage of wild-type and attenuated strains of a swine alpha-herpesvirus (pseudorabies [PRV]) were examined in rat visual projections. Both strains of virus infected subpopulations of retinal ganglion cells and passed transneuronally to infect retino-recipient neurons in the forebrain. However, the location of infected forebrain neurons varied with the strain of virus. Intravitreal injection of wild-type virus produced two temporally separated waves of infection that eventually reached all known retino-recipient regions of the central neuraxis. By contrast, the attenuated strain of PRV selectively infected a functionally distinct subset of retinal ganglion cells with restricted central projections. The data indicate that projection-specific groups of ganglion cells are differentially susceptible to the two strains of virus and suggest that this sensitivity may be receptor mediated.