cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CYTOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF KEY DIPLOID MEMBERS OF THE MIMULUS GLABRATUS COMPLEX (SCROPHULARIACEAE).

The Mimulus glabratus complex of related species and varieties exhibits an unusual polyploid series-unusual in that the polyploid levels increase from north to south throughout almost the entire length of the Western Hemisphere. Scattered populations of the diploid forms are found from southern Canada to northeastern Mexico and from eastern California to the Great Plains. The relatively rare tetraploids occur along the southern limit of the distribution of the diploids from southern California to northeastern Mexico. The aneuploid-tetraploids range from northern Mexico to southern Guatemala but are common only in the highlands of central Mexico. Occasional populations of the hexaploid forms are found throughout much of South America from high in the Andes of Columbia to the plains and mountains of southern Patagonia (Vickery, 1966, 1969). This pattern of distribution suggests that the M. glabratus complex spread southward from North America almost to the tip of South America in at least four successive adaptive radiations-first the diploids, next the tetraploids, then the aneuploid-tetraploids, and finally the hexaploids. Each of these adaptive radiations appears to have been initiated by one or more mutations that changed the chromosome number and the climatic tolerance, competitive ability, or other attributes of that member of the complex which allowed it to spread into new areas. All of the various mutations, whether polyploid or aneuploid, appear to involve the diploid forms either directly or indirectly. Therefore, a thorough cytogenetic understanding of the diploid forms ought to provide insight into the pathways by which the tetraploids and hexaploids arose. So, this study was initiated to investigate the cytology and crossing behavior of key diploid forms and thus provide some of the basic information needed for our long-range goal of elucidating the evolutionary relationship of the entire M. glabratus complex.
Andrew Jackson's Indian Policy: A Reassessment

A GREAT many persons-not excluding some notable historians-have adopted a "devil theory" of American Indian policy. And in their demonic hierarchy Andrew Jackson has first place. He is depicted primarily, if not exclusively, as a western frontiersman and famous Indian fighter, who was a zealous advocate of dispossessing the Indians and at heart an "Indianhater." When he became President, the story goes, he made use of his new power, ruthlessly and at the point of a bayonet, to force the Indians from their ancestral homes in the East into desert lands west of the Mississippi, which were considered forever useless to the white man.1 This simplistic view of Jackson's Indian policy is unacceptable. It was not Jackson's aim to crush the Indians because, as an old Indian fighter, he hated Indians. Although his years in the West had brought him into frequent contact with the Indians, he by no means developed a doctrinaire anti-Indian attitude. Rather, as a military man, his dominant goal in the decades before he became President was to preserve the security and wellbeing of the United States and its Indian and white inhabitants. His military experience, indeed, gave him an overriding concern for the safety of the nation from foreign rather than internal enemies, and to some extent the anti-Indian sentiment that has been charged against Jackson in his early career was instead basically anti-British. Jackson, as his first biographer pointed out, had "many private reasons for disliking" Great Britain. "In her, he could trace the efficient cause, why, in early life, hle had been left
Eric H. Hubli, MD, FACS, FAAP, FICS.

I want to thank Dr. Eric Hubli for serving as guest editor for this issue of Seminars in Plastic Surgery, Approaches to Craniosynostosis. The efforts made by each outstanding author on their respective articles—sharing with us their experience and knowledge—are also greatly appreciated. Dr. Hubli received his undergraduate degree from Boston College where he graduated Magna Cum Laude with a BS degree in Biology. He then attended Tufts University School of Medicine, where he received his Doctorate in Medicine, and then furthered his education at Harvard University where he received a Masters in Healthcare Management. He acquired his general surgery training at Baystate Medical Center in Springfield, Massachusetts. During this portion of his career, he received accolades for his clinical teaching abilities and was given the opportunity to train at Beth Israel Hospital, a Harvard teaching affiliate. He soon reinvigorated his Boston connections by accepting a plastic surgery training position at the internationally acclaimed Lahey Clinic. The Lahey program is unique in that it is affiliated with both Harvard University and Boston University. As a result, Dr. Hubli was given the chance to hone his skills at the Lahey Clinic, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston University, and Boston City Hospitals. It was during his time at Boston Children's Hospital that Dr. Hubli uncovered his medical calling: craniofacial, cleft, and pediatric plastic surgery. Dr. Hubli then secured a training position at the International Craniofacial Institute in Dallas, Texas. His success during his year of training led to a full-time faculty position at the Institute and a partnership with the center's founder, Dr. Kenneth E. Salyer. As a surgical leader at one of the busiest craniofacial and cleft centers in the world, Dr. Hubli experienced an unparalleled variety of cases. The challenges encountered helped him to develop a unique insight into the holistic management of craniofacial/cleft patients and their families. In addition, Dr. Hubli has had an active academic career, contributing chapters to five textbooks and authoring over 20 journal articles. He has lectured nationally and internationally and continues to champion the cause of children with craniofacial deformities as a board member of Smile Train and as the Director of Craniofacial and Cleft Care at Cook Children's Medical Center in Fort Worth, Texas.
Effect of mineral form in coal on combustion characteristics and fusibility of coal ash

The existence form of minerals in Wucaiwan(WCW) coal were studied by extraction,XRD,SEM-EDX and ICP-OES. The influences of different forms of mineral on the combustion characteristics and the fusibility of ash were evaluated. The results indicate that the original minerals in WCW coal mainly include calcite,anhydrite,kaolinite,quartz and pyrite. The modes of occurrence of sodium in WCW coal are mainly in the form of water-soluble sodium. The organic bound sodium, magnesium and calcium can promote the combustion of coal to a certain extent. The fusibility of WCW coal ash is mainly influenced by the mol ratio of iron to calcium. The ash melting points decreases with increasing the Fe2O3/CaO mol ratio.
Cell-density-dependent changes in cell-surface glycopeptides and in adhesion of cultured intestinal epithelial cells

We studied mannose-containing glycopeptides and glycoproteins of subconfluent and confluent intestinal epithelial cells in culture. Cells were labelled with d-[2-3H]mannose for 24h and treated with Pronase or trypsin to release cell-surface components. The cell-surface and cell-residue fractions were then exhaustively digested with Pronase and the resulting glycopeptides were fractionated on Bio-Gel P-6, before and after treatment with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H to distinguish between high-mannose and complex oligosaccharides. The cell-surface glycopeptides were enriched in complex oligosaccharides as compared with residue glycopeptides, which contained predominantly high-mannose oligosaccharides. Cell-surface glycopeptides of confluent cells contained a much higher proportion of complex oligosaccharides than did glycopeptides from subconfluent cells. The ability of the cells to bind [3H]concanavalin A decreased linearly with increasing cell density up to 5 days in culture and then remained constant. When growth of the cells was completely inhibited by either retinoic acid or cortisol, no significant difference was observed in the ratio of complex to high-mannose oligosaccharides in the cell-surface glycopeptides of subconfluent cells. Only minor differences were found in total mannose-labelled glycoproteins between subconfluent and confluent cells by two-dimensional gel analysis. The adhesion of the cells to the substratum was measured at different stages of growth and cell density. Subconfluent cells displayed a relatively weak adhesion, which markedly increased with increased cell density up to 6 days in culture. It is suggested that alterations in the structure of the carbohydrates of the cell-surface glycoproteins are dependent on cell density rather than on cell growth. These changes in the glycopeptides are correlated with the changes in adhesion of the cells to the substratum.
Mechanical response properties of nociceptors innervating feline hairy skin.

1. The responses of feline cutaneous nociceptors were examined in vivo by systematically manipulating the intensive and spatial dimensions of mechanical stimulation. A computer-controlled motor was...
Human factors experts beginning to focus on organizational factors in safety.

The role of organizational culture in aviation safety is explored. Information flow is used to demonstrate three ranges of climate within an organization. Organizations may be pathological in which information is hidden, bureaucratic in which information is ignored, or generative in which information is actively sought. The effects of organizational change on personnel are explored with emphasis on mergers between air carriers. The relationship between safety measures and economic pressures is discussed. Language: en
Genital morphology and allometry differ by species and sex in Malawi cichlid fishes

The African cichlid fishes show great diversity in mating displays and reproductive strategies, yet species differences in genital morphology have been little studied. Observational notes have described broad sex differences in external genital shape between males and females, but these differences have not been quantified. We examined three aspects of genital morphology (relative anogenital distance, relative vent length, and relative external genital area) in two riverine and eleven Lake Malawi African cichlid species from eight genera. We find the most sexually distinct morphology in the Lake Malawi rock cichlids and the least sexual dimorphism in the riverine outgroup; additionally, diversity in metrics within genus indicates that these traits are recently evolving. Sexual dimorphism in morphology is present in most species, and, in the Lake Malawi species, multivariate discriminant analysis allows for accurate assignment of gonadal sex based on genital morphology and body size. This will serve as a useful method for sexing fish in a nonlethal fashion and provides a starting point for further examination of the evolution of genital morphology in this diverse group of fishes.
The use of recollection rejection in the misinformation paradigm

Summary The purpose of this research was to determine the role of recollection rejection in the rejection of misinformation. In Experiment 1, we examined the use of recollection rejection to reject contradictory and additive misinformation. We measured recollection rejection by comparing misinformation acceptance rates, graphing confidence-accuracy data using phantom receiver operating characteristic curves, examining high confidence rejections of misinformation, and examining self-report responses. These measures converged on the finding that participants used recollection rejection to reject both types of misinformation but used recollection rejection more on contradictory misinformation. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the delay between the event and misinformation and between misinformation and test. The length of both of these delays affected misinformation acceptance. Participants were more likely to use recollection rejection to reject contradictory misinformation after a short delay before encountering misinformation. Overall these findings indicate that people can spontaneously induce recollection rejection to reject misinformation and prevent false memories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion Solvation in Water–Acetonitrile Mixtures

The results of a preliminary molecular dynamics study of ion (Na+ and Cl−) solvation and association in water, acetonitrile, and aqueous acetonitrile are discussed. These mixtures are compositionally heterogeneous on the scale of a few molecular sizes, and this heterogeneity is expected to be an important factor governing ion solvation and association. Results for ions in pure water and pure acetonitrile are presented for ambient conditions. The degree of association is low in water, a high-density fluid, and high in acetonitrile, a low-density fluid. A separate set of simulations for water at supercritical temperatures demonstrates that the fluid density is more important than the temperature in determining the degree of ion association. Preliminary results for the mixtures are inconclusive except that they indicate the existence of an important sampling issue related to the compositional heterogeneity of the mixtures. An approach to resolving the sampling issue is suggested.
Between Art and the Underground: From Corporate to Collaborative Comics in India

Historically, in Indian comics culture, a corporate model of production has predominated that is predicated upon a division of labor. As Mark Rogers (2011) notes, such a mode of production requires writers, pencillers, inkers, and others to perform their step in the creative process with limited interaction with other steps or the people behind them.1 While such an approach has helped certain companies flourish, the obvious cost has been the inability of creators to make a living from their work. Furthermore, there is little space for an active and critical community in corporate production. Accordingly, contemporary comics creators, editors, publishers, and many of their readers have recently begun to take a different approach toward creativity.
The Role of Packing Defects in the Stability and Function of the Intramembrane Protease GlpG

Although proteins are efficiently packed, structural analysis has revealed that packing defects (i.e., voids, tunnels and pockets) are prevalent inside proteins despite their unfavorable contribution to protein stability. It has been speculated that those packing defects may be necessary for ligand binding, transport or conformational changes required for function. Despite the potential importance, the role of packing defects in the stability and function of proteins is not clearly understood especially for membrane proteins. Here, using the rhomboid intramembrane protease GlpG as a model, we test the hypotheses that 1) improving the packing through cavity-filling substitution can be a general way to stabilize a membrane protein, and 2) if packing defects are critical for function, it would be possible to lock the protein conformation into either inactive or constitutively active state through engineering of the cavities. We first identified packing defects in several rhomboid proteases from different origins by homology modeling, and mapped conserved cavities onto the structure of GlpG. Then we designed cavity-filling substitutions, and measured the stability and activity of those variants. Among the 18 “cavity-filling” substitutions tested, three were significantly destabilizing (ΔΔGoU > 1 kcal/mol), three were moderately stabilizing (ΔΔGoU =0.6∼1.0 kcal/mol), and the rest retained the stability to the level similar to wild-type. Among the three stabilizing substitutions, one was fully active while the other two were inactive. Those two inactivating substitutions did not involve the active-site residues but targeted the sites that belonged to the previously identified more flexible regions in GlpG. This result suggests that the packing defects may be required for the movement of structural elements of proteins, and implies that protein packing may have evolved for function through the delicate balance between stability and flexibility.
Child Support Queens and Disappointing Dads: Gender and Child Support Compliance:

Despite increased spending on child support enforcement in the United States over the past 30 years, child support collections remain around 40 percent. Child support is a gendered phenomenon, typi...
Neuro-Ophthalmic Presentation of Neuro-Sweet Disease

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome) is a systemic inflammatory condition usually associated with autoimmune or neoplastic processes and characterised by inflammatory dermatologic lesions such as erythematous plaques and papules associated with fever and leukocytosis. Neurological and ophthalmological involvement is rare. The authors describe an unusual case of Sweet syndrome associated with microscopic polyangiitis presenting with papilloedema, anterior uveitis, and skin rash. Years later, he developed acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Treatment with immunosuppressive medications led to a relapsing remitting course with maximum benefit from use of steroids. The authors describe the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of this rare case.
Race/Ethnicity-Specific Disparities in the Severity of Disease at Presentation in Adults with Ulcerative Colitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

While ulcerative colitis (UC) is well studied in Caucasian populations, less data are available on UC patients of racial/ethnic minorities, including variations in disease severity at presentation. To evaluate race/ethnicity-specific disparities in UC disease presentation among an ethnically diverse underserved population. We performed a cross-sectional study of all consecutive UC adults among a large ethnically diverse safety-net hospital from July 2014 to May 2016 to compare race/ethnicity-specific disparities in severity of disease at presentation. Severity was evaluated using the clinician-based simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) and the Mayo score at time of presentation. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations with SCCAI and Mayo scores. Among 98 UC patients (56.1% male, mean age 40.1 (SD 14.2), 32.0% were African-American, 26.7% Hispanic, 16.0% Asian, and 20.0% Caucasian. Mean Mayo score was 6.6 and mean SCCAI score was 6.5. When stratified by race/ethnicity, SCCAI scores were significantly higher in non-Caucasians compared to Caucasians (7.0 vs 4.6, p = 0.03) and in Asians compared to Caucasians (8.0 vs 4.6, p = 0.02). There was a trend toward higher mean SCCAI in Hispanics compared to Caucasians (6.9 vs 4.6, p = 0.07). Mayo scores at presentation demonstrated similar trends. On multivariate logistic regression, Asians (OR 5.26, 95% CI 1.24–22.42) and Hispanics (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.02–13.66) had more severe disease at presentation than Caucasians based on SCCAI. Among a diverse underserved cohort of UC patients, racial/ethnic minority patients with UC, specifically Asians and Hispanics, had more severe disease at presentation compared to Caucasians. The differences may reflect disparities in timely access to specialty care and treatment and deserves greater attention and research.
Application of synthetic scenarios to address water resource concerns: A management-guided case study from the Upper Colorado River Basin

Abstract Water managers are increasingly interested in better understanding and planning for projected resource impacts from climate change. In this management-guided study, we use a very large suite of synthetic climate scenarios in a statistical modeling framework to simultaneously evaluate how (1) average temperature and precipitation changes, (2) initial basin conditions, and (3) temporal characteristics of the input climate data influence water-year flow in the Upper Colorado River. The results here suggest that existing studies may underestimate the degree of uncertainty in future streamflow, particularly under moderate temperature and precipitation changes. However, we also find that the relative severity of future flow projections within a given climate scenario can be estimated with simple metrics that characterize the input climate data and basin conditions. These results suggest that simple testing, like the analyses presented in this paper, may be helpful in understanding differences between existing studies or in identifying specific conditions for physically based mechanistic modeling. Both options could reduce overall cost and improve the efficiency of conducting climate change impacts studies.
Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Contractile Protein ATPase Activity of Aging Myocardium

Many regulatory functions in the myocardial cell are changed as a result of age. Growing evidence indicates a significant positive correlation between heart contractile protein enzymatic activity and the functional contractile level of the ventricle. A decrease in myofibrillar, myosin and actomyosin ATPase activity is associated with the aging myocardium (1–3). At high Ca2+ concentrations, the ATPase activity of older rats is significantly lower than that of younger rats. The difference in age-related decline in Ca2+ sensitivity of myocardial ATPase activity may be due to diminished ability of older animals to remove the inhibition of actomyosin ATPase activity by the troponin + tropomyosin system (4). Age-associated alterations in myocardial ultrastructure, cardiac function, excitation-contraction coupling and metabolism have been discussed by several investigators (5,6). Hemodynamic measurements, such as heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, and related vascular parameters, have been found in change during the life span of the rat, thus causing the cardiovascular system to operate less efficiently in the older animal (7–9). Cardiac hypertrophy is a characteristic feature that occurs during senescence. It has been shown that depressed contractile protein ATPase activity is a characteristic feature associated with hypertrophy and senescent rat hearts (10–12). Previous reports (13,14) from this laboratory showed that the phosphorylation of contractile proteins is associated with a decrease in contractile protein ATPase activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate age-associated alterations in contractile protein ATPase activity and examine the possible mechanisms associated with such change.
Examining the link between one’s Consideration of Future Consequences and Potential Ethical Threshold

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC), a construct first introduced by Strathman, Gleicher, Boninger & Edwards (1994) and Potential Ethical Threshold (PET), a concept which was designed to reflect an individual’s ethical behavior in the face of situational pressures (Comer & Vega, 2008). Although there has been a resurgence of interest in time perspectives in general (e.g., Andre, Vianen, Peetsma and Oort; 2018) and CFC more specifically (e.g., Joireman & King, 2016), to my knowledge, CFC has not been linked directly to ethical behavior, the type of which is reflected in one's PET. The results support a positive link between CFC and PET. Individuals with higher CFC have a higher ethical threshold. In other words, they are less susceptible to situational pressures to choose an unethical path, particularly when it involves a tradeoff in personal losses as a result. Implications and limitations are discussed, and suggestions for future research are presented.
Beyond Student as User: Rhetoric, Multimodality, and User-Centered Design

Abstract User-centered design (UCD) as a concept has begun to enter composition studies, particularly through scholar-teachers of technical communication. We question further incorporation—specifically, the collision course of industry-driven language such as “efficiency” and “expediency” and the potential positioning of students as “users” in the composition classroom. We argue that this positioning places us in unproductive opposition to multimodal composition. Rather than a wholesale incorporation of UCD into the composition classroom, we outline a “theory + play” approach that combines scholarship in rhetoric, speculative design, and multimodal composition. This approach, we argue, better aligns with the political and social investments of Johnson’s (1998) theory of user-centered technology, in which our students are critical makers and engaged citizens in the public sphere.
Bridging the Knowledge Gap between Transactional Databases and Data Warehouses

Data warehouse is widely recognized in the industry as the principal decision support system architecture and an integral part of the corporate information system. However, the majority of academic institutions in the US and world-wide have been slow in developing curriculums that reflect this reality. This paper examines the issues that have contributed to the lag in the coverage of data warehousing topics at universities.
The Equatorial Marginal Basins of West Africa

Along the western seaboard of Africa from Gabon in the north to Angola in the south there exists a nearly continuous strip of Mesozoic to Recent deposits. These deposits represent the fill of a number of basins which developed in Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times. The basins, four in number, are, from north to south, the Gabon, Bas Congo-Cabinda, Cuanza, and Mossamedes basins (Fig. 1). South of the Cunene River another basin is found near Luderitz (see Martin this volume) while north of the Gabon basin lies the large basin of the Niger and Cameroons (Machens this volume). In this chapter the geology of the four basins will be reviewed. Essentially, this comprises a review of the general geology of rocks dating back no further than the Upper Jurassic. Boreholes which have penetrated to the basement in the coastal regions exclude the possibility that older Phanerozoic horizons, overlapped by the younger Mesozoic beds, might occur (Maack, 1960; Martin, 1961).
Site-Specific and Regional Monitoring with Honey Bees: Case Study Comparisons

Some types of environmental contamination are contained or follow known distribution patterns such as drainage systems. They can be monitored through the sampling of specific media such as air, water, or soil at fixed locations. However, in other cases the sources and extent of the contamination are not known. To delineate the area impacted, sampling must cover a large area, but economic constraints usually limit samples to a few locations. One solution would be a mobile sampler that covers a relatively large area and then returns to a fixed location.
MANAGEMENT OF A MECHANICAL MITRAL VALVE UNDERGOING STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Mechanical valves are generally excluded from stem cell transplantation. We report a case of a patient who successfully underwent HSCT with simultaneous alterations in his VKA therapy for the mechanical valve. A 60 year old male with a history of a mechanical mitral valve and multiple myeloma was
Assessing trends and healthy migrant paradox in cigarette smoking among U.S. immigrant adults

Abstract The healthy migrant paradox suggests that immigrants to developed countries are, on average, healthier than the native born of the host country, with some finding that health advantages diminish after 10–20 years. This study examined trends in immigrant cigarette smoking trends, as well as smoking by the length of residence in the U.S. Data were drawn from the 1995–2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (n = 140,254). Cochran–Armitage tests were used to assess changes in the prevalence of smoking over time in the population, as well by demographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare cigarette smoking differences between immigrants' length of residence in the U.S. and the native-born population. The prevalence of immigrants' cigarette smoking significantly decreased from 15.0% in 1995/96 to 6.9% in 2014/15. Cigarette smoking rates for males and females significantly decreased from 20.8% and 9.1%% in 2007, respectively, to 10.4% and 3.6% in 2017. Differences in cigarette smoking appeared to have narrowed over time by the length of stay in the U.S. Multivariable analysis showed that immigrants had significantly lower odds of cigarette smoking (length of stay ≤5 years, Odds Ratio = 0.40, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.32–0.51; 6–10, OR = 0.39, CI =0.31–0.49; 11–20, OR = 0.39, CI =0.34–0.45; 20+, OR = 0.47, CI =0.43–0.53) compared to the native-born population. Findings show that immigrants consistently have lower smoking rates than native born, and this healthy behavior advantage did not appear to diminish based on years living in the U.S.
Angiotensin II: A New Vasopressor for the Treatment of Distributive Shock

Abstract Purpose Angiotensin II (ATII) is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor that has recently garnered regulatory approval for the treatment of distributive shock, including septic shock. Traditional vasoactive substances used in the management of distributive shock include norepinephrine, epinephrine, phenylephrine, and vasopressin. However, their use can be associated with deleterious adverse drug effects, such as splanchnic vasoconstriction and associated hypoperfusion. The purpose of this review is to describe ATII, including its pharmacologic mechanisms, pharmacokinetic profile, evidence of efficacy and tolerability, and potential role in contemporary critical care practice. Methods Peer-reviewed clinical trials and relevant treatment guidelines published from 1966 to September 14, 2019, were identified from Medline/PubMed using the following search terms: angiotensin II OR angiotensin 2 AND shock OR septic shock OR vasodilatory shock. Pertinent review articles were reviewed for additional studies for inclusion and discussion. The final decision on the inclusion of studies in the current review was based on the expert opinion of the authors. Findings On the basis of the available evidence, ATII is effective at elevating blood pressure in patients with distributive shock and appears to reduce the dose of concurrent vasopressors to maintain adequate blood pressure. ATII has been investigated for other causes of shock; however, robust evidence of off-label indications is lacking and is much needed. Clinical and cost benefits compared with traditional vasopressors have yet to be established. Implications ATII represents a welcome addition to the armamentarium of critical care clinicians. Enthusiasm for the use of ATII should be balanced with the current gaps in our understanding of ATII in patients with shock. Until further evidence provides more clinically meaningful benefits, as well as cost-effectiveness compared with currently available vasopressors, critical care clinicians should reserve ATII for salvage therapy in patients with septic shock.
Donor acute kidney injury and its effect on 1‐year post‐transplant kidney allograft fibrosis

Transplantation of kidneys from deceased donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) can expand the donor pool. We investigated the effect of donor AKI on renal function and chronic changes on protocol biopsies at 1-year post-transplant. Donor AKI was defined according to Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Between 2013 and 2017, 333 kidneys were transplanted and subsequently biopsied after 1 year. Fifty-three kidneys from AKI donors (AKIN stage I n = 42, stage II n = 8, stage III n = 3) were compared to 280 kidneys from non-AKI donors. At 1-year follow-up, patient and graft survival were comparable. Donor AKI was not predictive of IFTA (Banff interstitial fibrosis plus tubular atrophy scores) at 1-year post-transplant biopsy (2.10 ± 1.28 in AKI, 2.09 ± 1.22 in non-AKI, P = .95). Donor AKI was also not associated with progression of IFTA from 3 to 12 months (P = .69), or inferior glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, P = .94). In a multivariate analysis, the odds of IFTA >2 were comparable between AKI and non-AKI groups. In conclusion, the transplantation of kidneys from donors with predominantly stage I AKI results in comparable function and degree of fibrosis on protocol biopsies 1-year post-transplant. Selected grafts from donors with AKI are a valuable tool for expanding the donor pool for kidney transplantation.
Evaluation of matrix effects and prolonged storage on Trypanosoma cruzi serology in blood donor specimens.

BACKGROUND Blood products appropriately stored for research protocols provide an invaluable resource for amassing large numbers of specimens for clinical research, especially for low-prevalence diseases, such as Chagas disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated serologic results of 500 blood donation plasma component (PC) specimens confirmed as Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive by Food and Drug Administration-recommended algorithms. Subsets were retested using the T. cruzi enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics) and PRISM Chagas assay (Abbott Laboratories). Initial results for vacutainer-derived venous serum (VS) and PC specimens with matching results were also compared. RESULTS On initial testing, matrix effects between VS and PC were observed with ELISA demonstrating a mean change in the PC of -0.39 signal/cutoff ratio (S/CO) (p < 0.0001) and PRISM of +0.35 S/CO (p = 0.008). In matched PC specimens between current (retest) versus initial test results, both ELISA and PRISM had a decrease in mean S/COs of -0.76 (p < 0.0001) and - 0.90 (p < 0.0001), respectively. When the change in S/CO for matched PC specimens was analyzed as a function of time, PRISM showed no significant S/CO decrease (Y = -0.002941*X - 0.6250; p = 0.20; R2 = 0.005), whereas the ELISA showed a significant S/CO decrease in more recently collected specimens (Y = 0.007183*X-1.516; p < 0.0001; R2 = 0.06). CONCLUSION While T. cruzi serology results showed minor but significant differences in matrix effects between initial VS and PC testing values, and minor changes in PC test values over time, our data validate the use of PC specimens for head-to-head test performance comparison studies with the caveat that these limitations are assessed for appropriate study design.
Acute pancreatitis in children hospitalized with COVID-19.

Abstract Background Limited data exists on the association or prevalence of pancreatitis in children with COVID-19. Methods This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients admitted to a large health system in New York (Northwell Health System) from March 1, 2020–June 1, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results 8159 pediatric patients were admitted to our healthcare system during the study period, of which 112 were diagnosed with COVID-19 (1.37%). Thirteen were diagnosed with pancreatitis for a point prevalence of 0.16% (13/8159) for all patients admitted. Of the thirteen patients admitted with pancreatitis, two patients were COVID-19 positive for a point prevalence of 1.8% (2/112) among COVID-19 patients compared to 0.14% (11/8047) in the non-COVID-19 population. Conclusions This study shows that pancreatitis can occur in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and may be more common in the COVID-19 population.
Water orientation and dynamics in the closed and open influenza B virus M2 proton channels.

The influenza B M2 protein forms a water-filled tetrameric channel to conduct protons across the lipid membrane. To understand how channel water mediates proton transport, we have investigated the water orientation and dynamics using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. 13C-detected water 1H NMR relaxation times indicate that water has faster rotational motion in the low-pH open channel than in the high-pH closed channel. Despite this faster dynamics, the open-channel water shows higher orientational order, as manifested by larger motionally-averaged 1H chemical shift anisotropies. MD simulations indicate that this order is induced by the cationic proton-selective histidine at low pH. Furthermore, the water network has fewer hydrogen-bonding bottlenecks in the open state than in the closed state. Thus, faster dynamics and higher orientational order of water molecules in the open channel establish the water network structure that is necessary for proton hopping. To understand how water in the channel made of the influenza B M2 protein mediates proton transport across the lipid membrane, Gelenter et al. investigate the water orientation and dynamics. This study suggests that faster dynamics and higher orientational order of water molecules in the open channel compared to the closed one establish the water network structure that is necessary for proton hopping.
Evaluation of 3-Allyl-5-vinylveratrole in Latex Copolymerization with an Acrylic Monomer from High Oleic Soybean Oil

Renewable 3-allyl-5-vinylveratrole (AVV) has been evaluated and classified as a biobased cross-linkable vinyl monomer in free-radical chain polymerization. AVV can be readily synthesized in four st...
A Controlled Pilot Study of the Wish Outcome Obstacle Plan Strategy for Spouses of Persons with Early-Stage Dementia.

Objectives Behavioral interventions can reduce distress for couples coping with early-stage dementia. However, most interventions are limited in accessibility and fail to address individualized goals. This pilot study examined the dyadic effects on multiple indicators of well-being of the Wish Outcome Obstacle Plan (WOOP) intervention which guides participants to use Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) to achieve attainable goals in their daily lives. Methods This randomized controlled trial included 45 older persons with early-stage dementia (PWD) and their spousal care partners (CPs: n = 90 individuals). CPs were assigned randomly to WOOP training immediately after baseline (WOOP) or after a three-month follow-up interview (Control; CON). Both groups received a dementia care education booklet. WOOP CPs were instructed to practice WOOP at least once a day for two weeks. All CPs and PWDs completed home surveys (baseline, two-weeks, and three months) measuring perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and affect. Results Mixed effects models showed significant intervention x time interaction effects with large effect sizes for CPs on three of the five outcomes over three months. Compared to CON, WOOP CPs had decreased perceived stress (δ = 1.71) and increased quality of life (δ = 1.55) and positive affect (δ = 2.30). WOOP PWD showed decreased perceived stress (δ = .87) and increased quality of life (δ = 1.26) but these effects were not statistically significant. Discussion WOOP is a promising, brief intervention to improve dementia care partners' well-being that may also positively impact their partners with dementia.
Increasing the Precision of Dysarthric Speech Intelligibility and Severity Level Estimate.

Dysarthria is a speech disorder often characterized by slow speech with reduced intelligibility. Automated assessment of the severity-level and intelligibility of dysarthric speech can improve the efficiency and reliability of clinical assessment as well as benefit automatic speech recognition systems (ASR). However, in order to evaluate them, there are not sentence-level severity and intelligibility label. We only have access to speaker-per-level severity and intelligibility labels. This is a problem as dysarthric talkers might be able to produce some intelligible utterances due to frequent use and short utterances. Therefore, label based analysis might not be very accurate. To address this problem, we explore methods to estimate the severity-level and speech intelligibility in dysarthria given discrete speaker-level labeling in the training set. To accomplish this, we propose a machine learning based method using one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (1-D CNN). The TORGO dataset is used to test the performance of the proposed method, with the UASpeech dataset used for Transfer learning (TL). To evaluate, an Averaged Ranking Score (ARS) and intelligibility probability distribution are used. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed method can assess speakers based on severity-level and intelligibility to provide a more granular analysis of factors underlying speech intelligibility deficits associated with dysarthria.
Triage: Medical Details and Words Matter.

In a previous paper, Dominic Wilkinson and colleagues argued in support of the British National Health System (NHS) utility maximizing triage policies that allocate medical resources to ensure the ...
Stress, microstructure, and deformation mechanisms during subduction underplating at the depth of tremor and slow slip, Franciscan Complex, northern California

Abstract Subduction zone shear stress is thought to influence the topography of accretionary wedges as well as earthquake magnitude and frequency, and it has traditionally been calculated indirectly using methods that include relating surface heat flow and wedge topography to shear stress on the megathrust. The Eastern Belt of the Franciscan Complex in northern California is part of an exhumed accretionary complex deformed and metamorphosed under high P/T ratio conditions. Its lack of a retrogressive overprint makes it an ideal location to examine the mechanics of accretion within a fossil subduction zone. Blueschist-facies metasediments were deformed by a combination of dislocation and pressure-solution creep. EBSD analysis of dynamically recrystallized quartz across both the upper and lower boundaries of an accreted packet of metasediments indicates shear stresses of 32.8–46.6 MPa along the bounding faults and ∼26 MPa within the main body of the accreted packet. A novel method of determining minimum strain due to pressure solution yields finite stretches of ∼1.6–1.9 and corresponds to strain rates generally on the order of 10−14 s−1 over the 2–6 m.y. period of deformation. A maximum strain rate on the order of 10−13 s−1 was calculated based on plate convergence rate and shear zone width. These independently determined strain rates are shown to be best predicted by a thin film pressure solution flow law. Deformation mechanism maps show that pressure solution and dislocation creep operated with similar strain rates, and that progressive differentiation then increased the favorability and domination of dislocation creep. Dilational microcracking associated with pressure solution produced opening increments in crenulation arcs of ∼ 1 mm. These events have the potential to produce microseismic events with an effective seismic moment comparable to that of low-frequency earthquakes. Concatenation of these events to form shear zones or folds on scales up to hundreds of meters could explain tremor bursts and slow slip events.
Development of the Digestive System

The adult digestive system is the direct descendant of the primitive yolk sac; its germ layer source, therefore, is embryonic endoderm. Towards the end of the third week of human development, head and tailfolds undercut the yolk sac, so that three distinct parts of the digestive system can be recognized; they are (1) foregut, (2) midgut, and (3) hindgut (Fig. 23.1). At first a straight midline tube between future mouth and anus, the embryonic digestive system is suspended from the dorsal body wall by the dorsal mesentery. This double-layered membrane transmits the doral aorta and its three unpaired, abdominal branches: celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries— supplying, respectively, foregut, midgut, and hindgut. A ventral mesentery connects ventral body wall and foregut. Its lower, free, sickle-shaped border, the falciform ligament, transmits the umbilical vein, passing from the placenta through the umbilical ring towards the sinus venosus. To get there, the umbilical vein must navigate the septum transversum.
In vivo Glucose Monitoring with Miniature “Wired” Glucose Oxidase Electrodes

Tailored micromembranes were assembled on miniature glucose electrodes by sequential chemisorption of polyanions and polycations. The tailored micromembranes controlled the glucose-transport to, and excluded interferants and catalystpoisons found in serum from, the “wired” glucose oxidase transduction zone, improving thereby the sensor’s stability, dynamic range, and selectivity against electrooxidizable interferents. The microsensors were calibrated by one-point calibration and used in vivo. Two components of normal serum were found to be particularly damaging to the glucose electrooxidation catalyzing “wired” enzyme layer, consisting of the crosslinked electrostatic adduct of polyanionic glucose oxidase and the polycationic poly(4-vinylpyridine) or poly(N-vinylimidazole) based redox polymers: urate, which was electrooxidized to dimeric or trimeric products that precipitated in the electrocatalytic layer; and transition metal ions, like Zn and Fe, which coordinatively crosslinked pyridine or imidazole functions of the redox polymers and inhibited glucose oxidase. The sensitivities of the sensors in vitro prior to implantations, in-vivo whether intravenously or intraperitoneally implanted, and their sensitivities in-vitro after they were explanted, were practically identical. In this respect the sensors differed significantly from H2O2-electrooxidation-based sensors, some of which lose in vivo 70% of their in-vitro sensitivity.
C: Genetic conservation and plant agriculture

The ex situ programs for crop plants are well-known in terms of gene banks and international institutes which have thousands of accessions and offer very useful genetic resources for breeders. Population geneticists have contributed in many ways, including: (1) sampling theory for designing germplasm collecting strategies, (2) analyzing genetic variation and evolution in landraces, (3) evidence for specialized adaptations in some cases (e.g., host-pathogen coevolution), and (4) an overview of the diversity and systematics of crop-related wild and weedy flora. Several polemic issues and new challenges have come forth. Since wild and weedy relatives have been underrepresented in most collections, as are numerous endemic or semidomesticated species, new collecting priorities aim to emphasize these resources. We might try to learn more about the ecogeographical patterns of variation, beyond simply mapping the origins or collecting routes, and plant breeders might try wider use of them, too. Many current changes in agriculture with lower inputs and greater sustainability demand such biological knowledge. Breeding for disease and pest resistance as well as integrated control projects need more population genetic insights into the nature of coevolutionary systems. The ideas about core collection may not be so novel (see Harlan, 1992), practical, or even necessary in the light of new needs, so much that is unknown, and every so many serendipitous findings of useful germplasm materials. Rice is a well-studied crop for these issues and would serve well as an example.
A method to comprehend the impact of interconnect coupling effects on gate oxide reliability

A method to quantify the interconnect coupling effects on gate oxide reliability is developed. Post-layout noise waveforms at each gate node are obtained by using TCAD noise simulation tools. These waveforms are used to determine an average time to fail (TTF), which is eventually used in gate oxide failure probability calculations. Additionally, the TTF is translated to a DC equivalent voltage (DCEV) for quantification of the coupling impact in terms of voltage.