cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Positron-Emission Tomography Imaging of the Angiotensin II Subtype 1 Receptor in Swine Renal Artery Stenosis

The angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor (AT(1)R) has been linked to the development and progression of renovascular hypertension. In this study we applied a pig model of renovascular hypertension to investigate the AT(1)R in vivo with positron-emission tomography (PET) and in vitro with quantitative autoradiography. AT(1)R PET measurements were performed with the radioligand [(11)C]KR31173 in 11 control pigs and in 13 pigs with hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis; 4 were treated with lisinopril for 2 weeks before PET imaging. The radioligand impulse response function was calculated by deconvolution analysis of the renal time-activity curves. Radioligand binding was quantified by the 80-minute retention of the impulse response function. Median values and interquartile ranges were used to illustrate group statistics. Radioligand retention was significantly increased (P=0.044) in hypoperfused kidneys of untreated (0.225; range: 0.150 to 0.373) and lisinopril-treated (0.237; range:0.224 to 0.272) animals compared with controls (0.142; range:0.096 to 0.156). Increased binding of [(11)C]KR31173 documented by PET in vivo was confirmed by in vitro autoradiography. Both in vivo and in vitro binding measurements showed that the effect of renal artery stenosis on the AT(1)R was not abolished by lisinopril treatment. These studies provide insight into kidney biology as the first in vivo/in vitro experimental evidence about AT(1)R regulation in response to reduced perfusion of the kidney. The findings support the concept of introducing AT(1)R PET as a diagnostic biomarker of renovascular disease.
Ab initio study of the orientation effects in multiphoton ionization and high-order harmonic generation from the ground and excited electronic states of H2+

We present an ab initio three-dimensional (3D) calculation of multiphoton ionization (MPI) and high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of the hydrogen molecular ions subject to intense linearly polarized laser pulses. The orientation of the molecular axis with respect to the polarization of the laser field can be arbitrary. The numerical procedure involves the extension of the generalized pseudospectral (GPS) method for nonuniform spatial discretization of the Hamiltonian and wave functions and time propagation using the split-operator technique in the energy representation. The calculations were performed for the ground and two first excited electronic states of $\mathrm{H}_{2}{}^{+}$ at the internuclear separation $R=2.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{a.u.}$ The laser pulse has a sine-squared envelope and contains 20 optical cycles with the wavelength $800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. The dependence of MPI and HHG on the orientation angle is analyzed. We show that orientation effects are strongly affected by the symmetry of the wave function and the corresponding distribution of the electron density. While the anisotropy of MPI and HHG is rather weak for the $1{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}$ state, both processes are suppressed at the orientation angle 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for the $1{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u}$ state and at the angle 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for the $1{\ensuremath{\pi}}_{u}$ state. We discuss the multiphoton resonance and two-center interference effects in the HHG spectra which can lead both to enhancement and suppression of the harmonic generation.
Gestural control of music: using the vicon 8 motion capture system

This article reports on a project that uses unfettered gestural motion for expressive musical purposes. The project involves the development of, and experimentation with, software to receive data from a Vicon motion capture system, and to translate and map that data into data for the control of music and other media such as lighting. In addition to the commercially standard MIDI---which allows direct control of external synthesizers, processors, and other devices---other mappings are used for direct software control of digital audio and video. This report describes the design and implementation of the software, discusses specific experiments performed with it, and evaluates its application in terms of aesthetic pros and cons.
Time-Controlled Microfluidic Seeding in nL-Volume Droplets To Separate Nucleation and Growth Stages of Protein Crystallization†

This paper describes a method of time-controlled seeding to separate the stages of nucleation and growth in protein crystallization using a microfluidic device.
Rooting Culture: nostalgia, urban revitalization, and the ambivalence of community at the ballpark

This paper explores the meanings and tensions of community as it is made and remade among fans of the Bluefish, a successful, but financially strapped minor league baseball team in Bridgeport, Connecticut, established in 1997 as part of a highly publicized urban revitalization project. I show how nostalgic desires for familiar places, industrial landscapes, and small town life, produced through selective methods of historical remembering at the new “old-fashioned” ballpark, converge to produce the team as a local “symbol” of recovery set off from other pathologized spaces and realities. I argue that rooting the Bluefish in an abstract narrative about the collapse and revival of “American community” misses the ambivalent meanings and practices noticeable at the ballpark and in competing definitions of community among spectators. In analyzing the moral experience of local fans, I develop the concept of “warning track power,” the practice of turning the ambivalence of internal exclusion against itself. Through cheering practices and nostalgic sensibilities, resident fans make evident the experiential fix in which they find themselves and challenge the hegemonic framing of authenticity, locality and community that is embedded in team promotions and, more generally, the revitalization project.
Contrasting demographic and genetic estimates of dispersal in the endangered Coahuilan box turtle: a contemporary approach to conservation.

The evolutionary viability of an endangered species depends upon gene flow among subpopulations and the degree of habitat patch connectivity. Contrasting population connectivity over ecological and evolutionary timescales may provide novel insight into what maintains genetic diversity within threatened species. We employed this integrative approach to evaluating dispersal in the critically endangered Coahuilan box turtle (Terrapene coahuila) that inhabits isolated wetlands in the desert-spring ecosystem of Cuatro Cienegas, Mexico. Recent wetland habitat loss has altered the spatial distribution and connectivity of habitat patches; and we therefore predicted that T. coahuila would exhibit limited movement relative to estimates of historic gene flow. To evaluate contemporary dispersal patterns, we employed mark-recapture techniques at both local (wetland complex) and regional (intercomplex) spatial scales. Gene flow estimates were obtained by surveying genetic variation at nine microsatellite loci in seven subpopulations located across the species' geographical range. The mark-recapture results at the local spatial scale reveal frequent movement among wetlands that was unaffected by interwetland distance. At the regional spatial scale, dispersal events were relatively less frequent between wetland complexes. The complementary analysis of population genetic substructure indicates strong historic gene flow (global F(ST) = 0.01). However, a relationship of genetic isolation by distance across the geographical range suggests that dispersal limitation exists at the regional scale. Our approach of contrasting direct and indirect estimates of dispersal at multiple spatial scales in T. coahuila conveys a sustainable evolutionary trajectory of the species pending preservation of threatened wetland habitats and a range-wide network of corridors.
In vivo tracking of neural progenitor cell migration to glioblastomas.

The ability to noninvasively track the migration, engraftment, and proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) has significant clinical and research implications. The purpose of our study was to explore the macroscopic migratory capabilities of NPCs toward brain tumors after implantation into nude mice. We stably transfected C17.2 NPCs with the firefly luciferase gene (F-luc) and implanted cells into (1) the contralateral brain parenchyma (2 × 106 cells), (2) the ventricles (2 × 106 cells), (3) the vasculature (1 × 105 cells), or (4) the intraperitoneal cavity (5 × 106 cells) of mice bearing intracranial gliomas (Gli36). Using serial bioluminescence imaging, migration of parenchymally injected cells was observed across the corpus callosum, first detected at 1 week, with maximal density at the tumor site 2-3 weeks after implantation. Similar patterns were also observed with intraventricular injections; however, tumors were populated earlier, presumably because of the shorter distance to travel. Intrave...
ZnO Nanowire UV Photodetectors with High Internal Gain

ZnO nanowire (NW) visible-blind UV photodetectors with internal photoconductive gain as high as G ∼ 108 have been fabricated and characterized. The photoconduction mechanism in these devices has been elucidated by means of time-resolved measurements spanning a wide temporal domain, from 10-9 to 102 s, revealing the coexistence of fast (τ ∼ 20 ns) and slow (τ ∼ 10 s) components of the carrier relaxation dynamics. The extremely high photoconductive gain is attributed to the presence of oxygen-related hole-trap states at the NW surface, which prevents charge-carrier recombination and prolongs the photocarrier lifetime, as evidenced by the sensitivity of the photocurrrent to ambient conditions. Surprisingly, this mechanism appears to be effective even at the shortest time scale investigated of t < 1 ns. Despite the slow relaxation time, the extremely high internal gain of ZnO NW photodetectors results in gain-bandwidth products (GB) higher than ∼10 GHz. The high gain and low power consumption of NW photodetec...
Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans

Abstract Twelve mildly hypertensive but otherwise normal fasting subjects received each of four treatments in random order: CDP-choline (citicoline; 500, 2000, and 4000 mg) or a placebo orally at 8:00 a.m. on four different treatment days. Eleven plasma samples from each subject, obtained just prior to treatment (8:00 a.m.) and 1–12 hr thereafter, were assayed for choline, cytidine, and uridine. Fasting terminated at noon with consumption of a light lunch that contained about 100 mg choline. Plasma choline exhibited dose-related increases in peak values and areas under the curves (AUCs), remaining significantly elevated, after each of the three doses, for 5, 8, and 10 hr, respectively. Plasma uridine was elevated significantly for 5–6 hr after all three doses, increasing by as much as 70–90% after the 500 mg dose, and by 100–120% after the 2000 mg dose. No further increase was noted when the dose was raised from 2000 to 4000 mg. Plasma cytidine was not reliably detectable, since it was less than twice blank, or less than 100 nM, at all of the doses. Uridine is known to enter the brain and to be converted to UTP; moreover, we found that uridine was converted directly to CTP in neuron-derived PC-12 cells. Hence, it seems likely that the circulating substrates through which oral citicoline increases membrane phosphatide synthesis in the brains of humans involve uridine and choline, and not cytidine and choline as in rats.
Social Policy and Collective Action: Unemployed Workers, Community Associations, and Protest in Argentina:

Unemployed and informal workers seem an unlikely source of large-scale collective action in Latin America. Since 1997, however, Argentina has witnessed an upsurge of protest and the emergence of unusually influential federations of unemployed and informal workers. To explain this puzzle, this article offers a policy-centered argument. It suggests that a workfare program favored common interests and identities on the part of unemployed workers and grassroots associations, allowing them to overcome barriers to collective action. State responses to demands for workfare benefits generated a pattern of protest and negotiation that strengthened those groups and dramatically expanded social policy.
Electrodiagnostic services in the United States

To identify patterns of service provision in the United States, electrodiagnostic encounters were characterized by analyzing data from the 1998 MarketScan Commercial Claims & Encounters Database (The MEDSTAT Group). Electrodiagnostic-related claims were identified using CPT codes for nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and somatosensory evoked potentials. Over 130,000 electrodiagnostic claims representing 48,207 separate electrodiagnostic encounters were identified. Neurologists accounted for the highest percentage of physician providers (23.6%), followed closely by physiatrists (22%). Physiatrists performed the services at a higher rate than any other provider (886.3 studies per 100 practicing physiatrists). Electrodiagnostic encounters by nonphysician providers accounted for 16.9% of all studies. Physical therapists were the dominant nonphysician providers of electrodiagnostic services (9.3%), followed by podiatrists (5.5%). Physician providers had a median of three claims per encounter compared with one claim per encounter for nonphysician providers. The relatively large proportion of studies conducted by nonphysicians, as well as their limited extent of testing, raises concerns about the quality of care for these patients. These quality issues should be addressed in future studies.
Discovering Communities through Friendship

We introduce a new method for detecting communities of arbitrary size in an undirected weighted network. Our approach is based on tracing the path of closest‐friendship between nodes in the network using the recently proposed Generalized Erds Numbers. This method does not require the choice of any arbitrary parameters or null models, and does not suffer from a system‐size resolution limit. Our closest‐friend community detection is able to accurately reconstruct the true network structure for a large number of real world and artificial benchmarks, and can be adapted to study the multi‐level structure of hierarchical communities as well. We also use the closeness between nodes to develop a degree of robustness for each node, which can assess how robustly that node is assigned to its community. To test the efficacy of these methods, we deploy them on a variety of well known benchmarks, a hierarchal structured artificial benchmark with a known community and robustness structure, as well as real‐world networks of coauthorships between the faculty at a major university and the network of citations of articles published in Physical Review. In all cases, microcommunities, hierarchy of the communities, and variable node robustness are all observed, providing insights into the structure of the network.
Resonant tunneling quantum dot infrared photodetector (RT-QDIP): separating dark current and photocurrent

In this paper, we present a novel approach to reduce dark current in quantum dot infrared photodetectors that uses resonant tunneling barriers to selectively block dark current while transmitting photocurrent. In such a device, carriers in the quantum dots (QD) are resonantly excited by an IR photon and they tunnel through a double AlGaAs barrier to be collected as photocurrent. This double barrier, which acts as a resonant tunneling filter, is located between adjacent QD layers. When the double AlGaAs barrier thickness and position are properly designed, the electron tunneling probability is /spl sim/1 at a particular energy, corresponding to the desired peak detection wavelength. At the same time, the tunneling probability is several orders of magnitude lower for energies that are tens of meV removed from the peak energy. Thus, the dark current which results from electrons with a broad energy distribution, will be significantly reduced by the resonant tunneling filter.
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance*body mass index interactions at ages 9 to 10 years predict metabolic syndrome risk factor aggregate score at ages 18 to 19 years: a 10-year prospective study of black and white girls.

If homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) interactions with obesity (body mass index [BMI]) at ages 9 to 10 years predict aggregate metabolic syndrome risk factors at ages 18 to 19 years, this would identify novel avenues for primary prevention of metabolic syndrome. Our hypothesis was that HOMA-IR*BMI interactions at ages 9 to 10 years would predict aggregate metabolic syndrome risk factor z scores at ages 18 to 19 years in prospective studies of a biracial population of girls. Two centers in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study measured serum insulin and glucose at ages 9 to 10 years and 5 metabolic syndrome risk factors at ages 18 to 19 years (triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and glucose). Studies in Cincinnati, OH, included girls from public and parochial schools in the inner city, within-city residential neighborhoods, and suburban areas; and those in Washington, DC, included girls from a health maintenance organization. Girls (194 white, 281 black) were studied first at ages 9 to 10 years, then at ages 18 to 19 years. We assessed HOMA-IR*BMI interactions at ages 9 to 10 years with race-specific z scores for 5 metabolic syndrome risk factors at ages 18 to 19 years. The lowest summed z score (mean ± SD) was observed for subjects in the lowest tertiles for both HOMA-IR and BMI (−1.15 ± 2.05), and the highest z score (2.58 ± 3.11) was for subjects in the highest tertiles for both HOMA-IR and BMI (P < .0001). For the top BMI tertile, there was a progressive increase in z score (increasing risk of metabolic syndrome) as HOMA-IR increased. Interaction of BMI with HOMA-IR at ages 9 to 10 years predicts aggregate metabolic risk score at ages 18 to 19 years, with progressive risk increments within the top BMI tertile as HOMA-IR increases, opening avenues for intervention to reduce both BMI and HOMA-IR at ages 9 to 10 years as a primary approach to prevention of metabolic syndrome at ages 18 to 19 years.
The Development of New Analytic Elements for Transient Flow and Multiaquifer Flow

We deal in this paper with an ongoing development of the analytic element method. We present in outline new analytic line elements that are suitable to model general flow fields, i.e., flow fields that possess a continuously varying areal inflow or outflow. These elements are constructed specifically to model the leakage through leaky layers that separate aquifers in leaky systems and to model transient effects. The leakage or release from storage underneath linear features is modeled precisely by the new elements; the singularity in leakage is matched exactly by the approximate solution. Applications are given for a problem involving leakage and for a case of transient flow. We note that the analytic elements can be used also to reproduce the effect of continuously varying aquifer properties, e.g., the hydraulic conductivity or the elevation of the base of the aquifer. In the latter case, the elements would reproduce the rotation of the flow field caused by the variation in properties, rather than the divergence as for the case of leakage.
Innovations in Financial Services, Relationships, and Risk Sharing

Relationships between intermediaries and their customers have become increasingly important in recent years. This paper argues that the need for costly ex ante information acquisition and analysis is a major barrier to the participation of investors and firms in sophisticated markets. Long-term relationships between intermediaries and their customers, in which intermediaries provide implicit insurance to customers, can be an effective substitute for costly ex ante investigation. In this way, intermediaries allow firms and investors to reap the benefits of financial markets. Relationships are easiest to sustain when the ongoing benefits to both parties are high. As a result, competition may lower the benefits that can be obtained from relationships.
Students Classified as LD Who Petitioned for or Fulfilled the College Foreign Language Requirement—Are They Different? A Replication Study

This replication study compared 86 petition students who received course substitutions for the college foreign language (FL) requirement with 40 nonpetition students who fulfilled the FL requirement by passing FL courses on cognitive and academic achievement measures and graduating grade point average. The results showed significant differences between the two groups, favoring the nonpetition group on one measure, the American College Testing (ACT) score, when IQ was used as a covariate; however, no significant group differences remained when ACT score was used as a covariate. More than half of the 126 petition and nonpetition students did not meet a minimum criterion for classification as learning disabled (LD), and more than half of both groups (54% and 63%, respectively) were not classified as LD before enrolling in college. Sixty percent of the petition students either had not taken an FL course in college or had achieved only grades of withdrawal before petitioning for substitution of the FL requirement. Implications addressed include petition students' persistence in fulfilling the FL requirement, students' use of instructional accommodations and services, criteria used to classify students as LD, use of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT), and why some students classified as LD pass FL courses and other students classified as LD do not.
Influence of gas physical properties on pulmonary gas exchange.

The gas exchange properties of the lung depend on the relative uniformity of the matching of ventilation and perfusion in the individual acinar units. The exchange of inert gases in a homogeneous acinar unit is dependent on the physical properties of those inert gases. This presentation deals with three aspects of the inert gas physical properties governing their exchange. The primary determinant of inert gas exchange is the solubility of the gas in blood. Second, gas exchange is weakly dependent on the molecular weight of the gas. Finally, the exchange of the very soluble inert gases depends on interaction of gas with the airways as air passes through the airways during inspiration and expiration.
Exploring Family Communication About Sickle Cell Disease in Adolescence

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a lifelong disorder that involves progressive organ damage and requires ongoing medical attention to prevent and treat episodic acute complications. Children with SCD need ongoing monitoring and extra attention that may be stressful to family members. Communication within families can help resolve family stress and may be associated with medical follow-up and management of SCD. Focus groups were conducted with 12 African American families to explore the communication that occurred within and outside of the family from the perspectives of adolescents with SCD, siblings, and parents. Factors that influence family communication were explored. The extended family was an important social network and resource to adolescents, siblings, and parents. Family member knowledge of SCD was an important factor that influenced communication about SCD; adolescents and parents communicated more easily than siblings and also reported having more knowledge of SCD than siblings. Future research focusing on the knowledge of immediate and extended family members and their recognition of their contribution to the child with SCD is recommended.
Murine gallbladder epithelial cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro.

We determined whether extrahepatic biliary epithelial cells can differentiate into cells with phenotypic features of hepatocytes. Gallbladders were removed from transgenic mice expressing hepatocyt...
Sequential exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus to itraconazole and caspofungin: evidence of enhanced in vitro activity

We investigated the in vitro activity of sequential itraconazole and caspofungin against 10 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. Previous exposure of A. fumigatus to itraconazole resulted in dose-dependent enhanced effects of caspofungin and vice versa. Our finding suggests a preferential role for azole-caspofungin sequential combinations and merits further in vivo investigation.
Fine structure of equine oocytes matured in vitro for 15 hours.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to evaluate the fine structure of equine oocytes cultured in vitro. Oocytes obtained by follicular aspiration were cultured for either zero or 15 hr. After treatment oocytes were processed either by light microsocopy (nuclear evaluation) or TEM (cytoplasmic evaluation). Those oocytes cultured for 15 hr were incubated in modified TCM 199 with 15% (v/v) mare serum (day of ovulation) at 39 ± 0.2°C. Evaluation using TEM revealed that cortical granules were present in all oocytes. However, zero-time oocytes contained few cortical granules, and these were scattered throughout the cytoplasm, whereas 15 hr oocytes contained numerous cortical granules primarily found in very close proximity to the oolemma. Further ultrastructural analysis of both groups revealed organelle structure similar to that previously described for in vivo matured equine oocytes. Evaluation of nucelar maturity (lacmoid stain) showed that 15 hr of culture resulted in significant numbers of oocytes at metaphase II (8/17; 47%). These data demonstrate that oocytes cultured for 15 hr in modified TCM 199 with 15% mare serum (day of ovulation) are mature with respect to nuclear configuration and cortical granule migration and, therefore, would be appropriate candidates for in vitro fertilization. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Perceptions of e‐learning in secondary education: a viable alternative to classroom instruction or a way to bypass engaged learning?

This manuscript uses interview data collected during a qualitative study in 2007 of a secondary US history e-learning course. The teacher, Mr. Harding, and 11 of the 13 students in the class were interviewed about their general perceptions of e-learning and the ability to effectively learn content online. The findings of the study show that nearly all participants maintained a belief that e-learning was best used for information transmission and rote memorization rather than active or social learning. Further, Mr. Harding seemed to characterize e-learning students as uninterested in engaging in social interaction online, a perception that was refuted, at least partially, by his students. The manuscript concludes with a discussion of the findings and implications for secondary e-learning programs.
Rats assess degree of relatedness from human odors

Despite widespread interest in the evolutionary implications of human olfactory communication, the mechanisms underlying human odor production are still poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that human odor cues are related to variations in the major histocompatibility complex, but it is unclear whether odors are associated with overall genotypic variation. In this study, we investigated whether more closely related humans produce more similar odor cues. To assess objective odor qualities we tested odor similarity using rats in a habituation–discrimination paradigm. Rats were first habituated to a referent human odor and were then presented with two test odors obtained from individuals related in different degrees to the referent. Investigation times for each odor were compared. Because rats investigate novel odors longer than familiar odors, we were able to determine which test odor the rats perceived as more similar to the referent human odor. For six of ten odor donor families, rats investigated the odor of the less closely related individual significantly longer than that of the more closely related individual, and investigation durations were in the expected direction for all families. These results indicate that similarity of human odor cues is associated with degree of genetic relatedness, with more closely related humans producing more similar odor cues. This study supports the hypothesis that odor cues provide information regarding degree of relatedness and may thus affect a wide variety of human behaviors, including kin preferences, nepotism, and mate choice.
In Vivo CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Corrects Retinal Dystrophy in the S334ter-3 Rat Model of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa

Reliable genome editing via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 may provide a means to correct inherited diseases in patients. As proof of principle, we show that CRISPR/Cas9 can be used in vivo to selectively ablate the rhodopsin gene carrying the dominant S334ter mutation (RhoS334) in rats that model severe autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. A single subretinal injection of guide RNA/Cas9 plasmid in combination with electroporation generated allele-specific disruption of RhoS334, which prevented retinal degeneration and improved visual function.
Marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: factors affecting relapse and survival.

Transplant outcome was analyzed in 690 recipients of bone marrow transplants (BMTs) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first (n = 299) or second remission (n = 391). Actuarial 5-year leukemia-free survival was 42% +/- 9% (95% confidence interval) and 26% +/- 6%, respectively; relapse rates were 29% +/- 9% and 52% +/- 8%, respectively. Five-year leukemia-free survival was 56% +/- 18% in children and 39% +/- 10% in adults (P less than .02) transplanted in first remission. In first-remission adults, non-T-cell phenotype, male to female donor-recipient sex-match and graft-v-host disease (GVHD) were associated with decreased leukemia-free survival; inclusion of corticosteroids in the regimen to prevent GVHD was associated with increased leukemia-free survival. Variables associated with decreased leukemia-free survival after second-remission transplants were age greater than or equal to 16 years and relapse occurring while on therapy. Variables associated with increased probability of relapse were similar for first- and second-remission transplants and included GVHD prophylaxis without methotrexate and absence of GVHD. In first- remission transplants, leukocyte count greater than or equal to 50 x 10(9)/L at diagnosis was also associated with increased relapse; in second remission, relapse while receiving chemotherapy was also associated with increased posttransplant relapse. These data emphasize the importance of both disease- and transplant-related variables in predicting outcome after BMT. They may be used to explain differences between studies, design future trials, and identify persons most likely to benefit from BMT.
Ab Initio Modeling of the Electron Transfer Reaction Rate at the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface in Lithium-Air Batteries

Lithium-air batteries are very promising energy storage systems for meeting current demands in electric vehicles. However, the performance of these batteries is highly dependent on the electrochemical stability and physicochemical properties of the electrolyte such as ionic conductivity, vapor pressure, static and optical dielectric constant, and ability to dissolve oxygen and lithium peroxide. Room temperature ionic liquids, which have high electrical conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window and also low vapor pressure, are considered potential electrolytes for these batteries. Moreover, since the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of ionic liquids are dependent on the structure of their constitutive cations and anions, it is possible to tune these properties by choosing from various combinations of cations and anions. One of the important factors on the performance of lithium-air batteries is the local current density. The current density on each electrode can be obtained by calculating the rate constant of the electron transfer reactions at the surface of the electrode. In lithium-air batteries, the oxidation of pure lithium metal into lithium ions happens at the anode. In this study, Marcus theory formulation was used to calculate the rate constant of the electron transfer reaction in the anode side using the respective thermodynamics data. The Nelsen’s four-point method of separating oxidants and reductants was used to evaluate the inner-sphere reorganization energy. In addition, the Conductor-like Screening Model (COSMO) which is an approach to dielectric screening in solvents has been implemented to investigate the effect of solvent on these reaction rates. All calculations were done using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP level of theory with a high level 6-311++G** basis set which is a Valence Triple Zeta basis set with polarization and diffuse on all atoms (VTZPD) that gives excellent reproducibility of energies. Using this methodology, the electron transfer rate constant for the oxidation of lithium in the anode side was calculated in an ionic liquids electrolyte. Our results present a novel approach for choosing the most appropriate electrolyte(s) that results in enhanced current densities in these batteries.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Physiological Responses and Hedonics during Prolonged Physically Interactive Videogame Play

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to assess physiologic responses and hedonics (i.e., liking) during prolonged physically interactive videogame play. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 24) completed three 30-minute videogame conditions on separate days in a random order. During two of the conditions participants played physically interactive videogames (Nintendo of America, Inc. [Redmond, WA] “Wii™ Fit” “Basic Run” and “Basic Step”). During the third condition participants played a traditional/sedentary game (“Tanks!”), which required minimal physical movement for gameplay. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was assessed using indirect calorimetry throughout each condition and averaged every 5 minutes. Liking was assessed via visual analog scale at the 15- and 30-minute time points during each condition. Results: Mean VO2 was significantly (P < 0.001) greater during “Basic Run” (16.14 ± 5.8 mL/kg/minute, 4.6 ± 1.7 metabolic equivalents [METs]) than either “Basic Step” (11.4 ± 1.7 mL/kg/minute, 3.3 ±...
Recent Advances in Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells and Biological Characteristics

More and more researches about cancer stem cells have provided new clinic treatments for many human cancers in recent years.Study cancer stem cells comprehensively and profoundly will give us a better knowledge of the molecular events governing carcinogenesis,and offer more accurate diagnostic methods and effective therapies in the clinical.Just like many other human cancers,it has been demonstrated the presence of cancer stem cells in thyroid cancers,but their role and the detailed mechanism in thyroid cancers have yet to be firmly established.In this article,the author will discuss the origin of thyroid cancer stem cells and in the field of molecular and cellular biology.At the same time discusses the thyroid cancer stem cells to find new potential role of clinical treatment.
Abstract IA05: Genome-wide views into the mechanisms of transcription regulation

RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is the molecular machine that transcribes all the protein-encoding mRNAs as well as a spectrum of non-coding regulatory RNAs. The distribution of Pol II reveals not only location and levels of transcription of these transcribed genes, but also, the distinctive patterns of divergent transcription that can be used to identify the active promoters and enhancers that regulate these genes. Moreover, by monitoring changes in the distribution of Pol II across genomes in response either to regulatory signals and to directed perturbations of transcription factors, the distinct steps in transcription that are regulated can be elucidated. With increasing positional and temporal resolution provided by new, genome-wide nuclear run-on and chromatin assays, we are able to gain critical insights into the mechanisms governing how polymerases initiate and elongate through transcription units, and into how these processes are regulated. In this presentation, I will provide a comprehensive genome-wide view of the rapid and dramatic changes in transcription that accompany the stress response, a long used model for studying regulation, and the factors and molecular mechanisms that regulate this reprogramed transcriptional response in both Drosophila and mammals. Citation Format: John T. Lis, Charles Danko, Fabiana Duarte, Dig Bijay Mahat. Genome-wide views into the mechanisms of transcription regulation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Elementary particle physics using laser spectroscopy

The measurement of the parity nonconserving transition amplitudes in atomic cesium has slowly improved over the past ten years. Recently it has been realized that atomic parity nonconservation is uniquely sensitive to new physics, which is expected to lie beyond the regime described by the Standard model of elementary particle interactions. This has led to intense interest in atomic parity nonconservation measurements within the elementary particle physics community. I will discuss the reasons for this interest and why improved experimental results are being awaited so eagerly, I will also discuss the present and future status of this field. Particular emphasis will be given to the potential improvements offered by laser cooling and trapping technology for these and other experiments that probe fundamental interactions.
Construct validity of Williams' ostracism needs threat scale

Abstract Much recent work on ostracism has used the online game Cyberball paired with an un-validated 12-item scale that purportedly measures four needs. Thus, the present paper examined convergent and discriminant validity for the needs threat scale compared to the Sheldon Needs Scale, a more established measure of ten psychological needs. Two samples, containing 192 participants, completed inclusion or exclusion manipulations via Cyberball. Convergent validity correlations were higher than divergent correlations, but within-scale correlations were higher still, suggesting the sub-scales are not perfectly distinct. This was further supported by the poor fit to a four-factor model in confirmatory factor analysis and the existence of a two-factor structure in exploratory factor analysis.
Lyme Meningitis Characteristics cf Viral Meningitis

The clinical and laboratory findings in 12 patients (ages 3-18 yrs) with Lyme meningitis (LM) were compared with 10 (ages 2-15) diagnosed with viral meningitis (VM), in a retrospective analysis of records of children admitted to Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, between 1990 and 1996.
Resting-state fMRI data reflects default network activity rather than null data: A defense of commonly employed methods to correct for multiple comparisons.

ABSTRACTAnalysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data typically involves over one hundred thousand independent statistical tests; therefore, it is necessary to correct for multiple comparisons to control familywise error. In a recent paper, Eklund, Nichols, and Knutsson used resting-state fMRI data to evaluate commonly employed methods to correct for multiple comparisons and reported unacceptable rates of familywise error. Eklund et al.’s analysis was based on the assumption that resting-state fMRI data reflect null data; however, their ‘null data’ actually reflected default network activity that inflated familywise error. As such, Eklund et al.’s results provide no basis to question the validity of the thousands of published fMRI studies that have corrected for multiple comparisons or the commonly employed methods to correct for multiple comparisons.
Studying brain microstructure with magnetic susceptibility contrast at high-field

A rapidly developing application of high field MRI is the study of brain anatomy and function with contrast based on the magnetic susceptibility of tissues. To study the subtle variations in susceptibility contrast between tissues and with changes in brain activity, dedicated scan techniques such as susceptibility-weighted MRI and blood-oxygen level dependent functional MRI have been developed. Particularly strong susceptibility contrast has been observed with systems that operate at 7T and above, and their recent widespread use has led to an improved understanding of contributing sources and mechanisms. To interpret magnetic susceptibility contrast, analysis approaches have been developed with the goal of extracting measures that report on local tissue magnetic susceptibility, a physical quantity that, under certain conditions, allows estimation of blood oxygenation, local tissue iron content, and quantification of its changes with disease. Interestingly, high field studies have also brought to light that not only the makeup of tissues affects MRI susceptibility contrast, but that also a tissue's sub-voxel structure at scales all the way down to the molecular level plays an important role as well. In this review, various ways will be discussed by which sub-voxel structure can affect the MRI signal in general, and magnetic susceptibility in particular, sometimes in a complex fashion. In the light of this complexity, it appears likely that accurate, brain-wide quantification of iron will require the combination of multiple contrasts that may include diffusion and magnetization transfer information with susceptibility-weighted contrast. On the other hand, this complexity also offers opportunities to use magnetic susceptibility contrast to inform about specific microstructural aspects of brain tissue. Details and several examples will be presented in this review.
Why the “transgender” bathroom controversy should make us rethink sex-segregated public bathrooms

This article draws a theoretical distinction between “transgender” as an identity, and “transgender” as a form of discrimination, in order to better understand the political stakes of recent and on...
Destabilization of the replication fork protection complex disrupts meiotic chromosome segregation

The replication fork protection complex (FPC) coordinates multiple processes that are crucial for unimpeded passage of the replisome through various barriers and difficult to replicate areas of the genome. We examine the function of Swi1 and Swi3, fission yeast's primary FPC components, to elucidate how replication fork stability contributes to DNA integrity in meiosis. We report that destabilization of the FPC results in reduced spore viability, delayed replication, changes in recombination, and chromosome missegregation in meiosis I and meiosis II. These phenotypes are linked to accumulation and persistence of DNA damage markers in meiosis and to problems with cohesion stability at the centromere. These findings reveal an important connection between meiotic replication fork stability and chromosome segregation, two processes with major implications to human reproductive health.
Complexity Compression in Rural Nursing

A large and increasing body of literature suggests nurses face mounting production pressure related to complexity of patients, systems, and escalating demands from both. This phenomenon is identified as complexity compression and describes an experience wherein nurses are expected to take on additional, unplanned responsibilities while simultaneously satisfying existing responsibilities in a condensed timeframe. Rural nursing practice appears as a fitting example of doing more and doing differently in a time-pressured environment. However, the phenomenon of complexity compression has yet to be discussed specifically in relation to rural nursing or from the lens of a rural nursing theory. Conceptualization of complexity compression in rural nursing through use of theory may help redefine the true nature of rural nursing practice and promote discussion and collaboration among nurses, administrators, educators, and policy makers in creation of better rural work environments, improved educational opportunities for rural nurses, and robust healthcare outcomes for rural populations. Keywords: Complexity Compression, Conceptualization, Theory, Rural Nursing DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v17i2.445
Environmental justice and U.S. Forest Service hazardous fuels reduction: A spatial method for impact assessment of federal resource management actions

Abstract Natural resource managers of federal lands in the USA are often tasked with various forms of social and economic impact analysis. Federal agencies in the USA also have a mandate to analyze the potential environmental justice consequences of their activities. Relatively little is known about the environmental justice impacts of natural resource management in rural areas. Quantitative environmental justice analyses have so far heavily favored urban populations, in part owing to the difficulty of quantitative analysis of rural U.S. Census data. We developed a spatial method for integrating rural U.S. Census data with natural resource management data to address this gap. The method learns from methodological advances in overcoming the spatial limitations of Census data, but prioritizes a simple, efficient technique that is applicable not only for identifying potential environmental justice problems, but also to a potentially broad spectrum of natural resource management activities and spatial scales. We pilot test the method by analyzing the hazardous fuels reduction activities of two national forests in central Oregon, USA. We find no evidence of systematic environmental justice issues on either forest, but identify local areas that warrant additional investigation.
Strategies to reduce flexible pavement cracking in Florida

Cracking of flexible pavements, particularly top-down cracking, is the predominant distress in Florida. However, pavement failures due to cracking have reduced by ten per cent over the last ten yea...
A Randomized Controlled Trial for Veterans with PTSD and Substance Use Disorder: Creating Change versus Seeking Safety.

ABSTRACTBackground: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) co-occur in military veterans and other populations. Objective: To conduct a randomized controlled trial to...
Viscoelastic, Mechanical, and Glasstomeric Properties of Precision Polyolefins Containing a Phenyl Branch at Every Five Carbons

Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of precision polyolefins, poly(4-phenylcyclopentene) (P4PCP) and its hydrogenated analog (H2-P4PCP) containing atactic phenyl branches at exactly every five carbons along the backbone are explored. Both materials are amorphous with a glass transition temperature of ∼17 ± 3 °C. Rheological investigations determined that P4PCP has an entanglement molar mass (Me = 10.0 kg mol–1) much higher and closer to polystyrene than H2-P4PCP (Me = 3.6 kg mol–1). Both materials have elastomeric and shape memory properties at ambient temperatures, which were further explored through strain hysteresis measurements. H2-P4PCP has an elastic recovery of ∼95% at max strain values up to 500% as determined by uniaxial tensile testing. Time–temperature superposition analysis, Williams–Landel–Ferry constants, and further mechanical analysis are discussed and compared to previously reported ethylene–styrene copolymers of similar phenyl-branch content within the microstructure.