cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antiviral drug resistance in human cytomegalovirus.

Drug-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) should be considered when viral shedding persists after several weeks of therapy. The problem is most likely to arise in the setting of a severely immunosuppressed host with continuing or relapsing disease. Not all treatment failure can be attributed to drug resistance. The testing of CMV isolates for drug resistance in cell culture is time-consuming and labor-intensive, but recent advances in understanding of the genetics of resistance have resulted in rapid genotypic assays for specific mutations in the viral UL97 phosphotransferase or UL54 DNA polymerase genes that can predict resistance and cross-resistance to specific drugs. This information may help in the selection of alternative therapy Note.
Finite element modeling of hydrostatic extrusion for mono-core superconductor billets

This paper is concerned with the hydrostatic extrusion of mono-core, bronze-process superconductor billets. The thermo-mechanical, elasto-plastic finite-element method is used to analyze the extrusion process of Nb/bronze mono-core rods. Simulations were performed to determine the distributions of stress, strain and temperature for several extrusion ratios, die angles and core/sleeve interfacial friction coefficients. In addition, the normal pressure at the core/sleeve interface was recorded as a function of die angle and extrusion ratio, which will be useful for the investigations of the bonding process during hydrostatic extrusion.
Determination of the Irredundant Normal Forms of a Truth Function by Iterated Consensus of the Prime Implicants

This paper describes a new algebraic way of determining irredundant forms from the prime implicants. The method does not require using the developed normal form, and it makes novel application of Quine's technique of iterative consensus-taking. Thus, by applying repeatedly the rule of consensus to the prime implicants, it is possible to derive alist of implication relations that express the necessary and sufficient conditions of eliminability of the prime implicants in terms of which the irredundant normal forms can be computed. The extension of Quine's technique to this phase of simplification serves to shorten considerably the logical machinery needed for complete solution of the simplification problem. By the same token, it renders the method suitable for use with a digital computer.
The Bankruptcy Reform Act Of 2005

The new changes in the Bankruptcy Code make it significantly more difficult for a debtor to eliminate his obligations under Chapter 7. Many filers will be required to pay some or all of their unsecured debts for a five year period by being forced into Chapter 13. The Act also makes other modifications to filing requirements, exemption changes, and non-dischargeable debts which also tend to favor the creditor. The changes make filing for Bankruptcy more expensive and may reduce the number of cases.
Present and Future Applications of Supercapacitors in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

This paper is concerned with supercapacitors (electrochemical capacitors) and their applications in electric drive vehicles in place of or in combination with batteries. The electric drive vehicles considered are hybrid vehicles. Data are presented for the new carbon/carbon device from Skeleton Technologies showing an energy density of 9 Wh/kg and 95% efficient power capability of 1730 W/kg. Both of these characteristics are significantly better than those of commercially available devices. Test data are also shown for a hybrid supercapacitor from Yunasko that has an energy density greater than 30 Wh/kg and a 95% efficient power capability of 3120 W/kg. This device has the best performance of any supercapacitor device tested at UC Davis to date. Various vehicle applications of supercapacitors have been reviewed in detail. Simulation results are presented for light duty vehicles using supercapacitors in place of lithium batteries in hybrid vehicles. It was found in all cases that the vehicles using the supercapacitors had the same as or better performance than those using batteries and in general were more efficient.
Water Addition to Alkynes Promoted by a Dicationic Platinum(II) Complex

Dicationic platinum alkyne complexes were generated in situ by substitution of ethylene in [Pt(PNP)(C2H4)](BF4)2 (PNP = 2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) with alkynes at low temperature. The dicationic acetylene complex readily adds water to form the platina-acetaldehyde complex [Pt(PNP)(CH2CHO)]BF4, which was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. 1H and 31P NMR studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism of formation of [Pt(PNP)(CH2CHO)]BF4. A reversible acid–base equilibrium between the platina-acetaldehyde and the corresponding η2-vinyl alcohol complex [Pt(PNP)(CH2═CHOH)]2+ was observed. The complexes with terminal alkynes (propyne and 1-hexyne) gave with water a mixture of Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov addition products [Pt(PNP){CH2C(O)R1}]BF4 and [Pt(PNP){C(O)CH2R1}]BF4 (R1 = Me, n-Bu) in a ratio of 1:4. However, with tert-butyl- and phenylacetylene C–H bond activation occurred, yielding the σ-alkynyl complexes [Pt(PNP)(C≡CR2)]BF4 (R2 = t-Bu, Ph). Complexes with internal alkynes R3C≡CR4 (R3...
Population Turnover in Wintering Bats in Indiana

The turnover in winter cave bat populations has not been adequately studied, although bat banders (Beer, 1955; Rysgaard, 1942; Griffin, 1940; Guthrie, 1933) are aware that hibernating concentrations do not remain constant throughout any given season. The extent to which the animals move in and out of their hibernating quarters poses an interesting problem. Such shifting is important in evaluating winter populations, banding returns, and perhaps sex ratios (one sex may tend to shift about more than the other). If it can be demonstrated that wintering populations fluctuate from day to day, or week to week, some of the seemingly low rates of band returns may be explained. It is conceivable that the wintering population, though remaining relatively constant with regard to total numbers, may actually be composed of an ever-changing group of individuals. Unless the bats are banded, such population turnovers go undetected. As Beer (1955) has pointed out, bats are often retaken two or more years after banding, but not each successive year. This seems to indicate that they do not utilize the same wintering quarters year after year. It could also mean that, if the premise of constant turnover is true, some banded individuals are simply missed unless the cave is checked frequently throughout the winter season. Bats may utilize two or more suitable hibernacula, shifting from one to the other as natural movement, to facilitate mating, or in response to fluctuating changes in temperature. The big brown bat ( Eptesicus fuscus ), which is known to be quite a hardy species, seems well fitted to winter movements of these types. I initiated an intensive study on August 7, 1954, and carried it through April 28, 1955, in a natural limestone cave four miles from the center of Bedford, Lawrence County, Indiana. This cavern has been …
Arthropod-Borne Virus Plaques in Agar Overlaid Tube Cultures.

Summary and ConclusionA tissue culture tube overlay method for detecting virus growth and for performing titrations and serum neutralization tests with members of the arthropod-borne viruses has been described. This method was more consistent and more sensitive than cytopathogenic effects for detecting multiplication of certain arbor viruses in tissue culture. Plaque-forming unit endpoint titrations were generally higher than the cytopathogenic endpoint (TCD50) even when CPE was evident, or the endpoint (LD50) in infant mice inoculated intracerebrally. It is suggested that the tube overlay technic may be an aid in large scale screening of clinical or field specimens and in conducting serum neutralizing antibody surveys for many arthropod-borne viruses.
Beitrag zur Differentialdiagnose zwischen progressiver Paralyse, Hirnsyphilis und Hirntumor

In beiden beschriebenen Fallen handelte es sich um einen Hirntumor mit fruher bzw. spater aufgetretener Stauungspapille beiderseits. Die Diagnose des ersten Falles konnte durch die Sektion und die histologische Untersuchung des Centralnervensystems sichergestellt, die des zweiten durch den Rontgenbefund und das Auftreten von regionaren Metastasen angenommen werden. Beide das Cholesterin im Liquor — freilich nur in geringem Grade — erhoht zu sein pflegt.
Ultrafast nonlinear-optical response of molecular liquids: intermolecular vibrational dynamics

An inhomogeneously-broadened harmonic oscillator model of a single intermolecular nuclear coordinate describes the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the subpicosecond dynamics of symmetric top molecular liquids as a function of temperature.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Food Poisoning Events in Guangzhou City from 1997 to 2007

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning events in Guangzhou city from 1997 to 2007,so as to provide evidences for the prevention and control of food poisoning.Method Reviewing the data of food poisoning events collected in Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 1997 to 2007.The EXCEL software was used to establish food poisoning database and categorize data for statistical analysis.Results There were 520 food poisoning events in Guangzhou city from 1997 to 2007,resulting in 10 103 persons involved and 41 persons died.The incidence rate was 12.82 per 100?000 persons and an average of 19.43 persons were involved in a poisoning event.The number of total poisoning events and incidence rate showed an upward trend,but the poisoning scale was descending.The prevalent of food poisoning events occurred mainly between May and October.The key food poisoning events(52.69%)were caused by animal food,and most food poisoning events(42.31%)were occurred in collective canteens.Foods polluted by microorganisms(52.31%)were the major pathogenic factors.The majn reason for poisoning events was cross-contamination between raw meat and cooked foods and the contamination or deterioration of raw materials.Poisonous mushrooms and false liquors were the main fatal foods.Conclusion The action of prevention and control of food poisoning in Guangzhou must be focused on poisoning microorganisms in cooked food in collective canteens.Strengthening health education on the knowledge related to the prevention of food poisoning will be effective in the prevention and control of poisoning incidents caused by mistaken foods.
The clinical analysis of 20 cases of hemophagocytic syndrome complicated with DIC

Objective:To discuss the characteristics and treatment experience of hemophagocytic syndrome complicated with DIC.Method:The clinical characteristics and treatment experiences of 20 cases of hospitalized patients with hemophagocytic syndrome complicated with DIC were summarized retrospectively.Result:The onset of hemophagocytic syndrome was acute.The condition changes were rapid.DIC existed in nearly all the patients when the diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome was confirmed.Compared with other diseases complicated with DIC,DIC complicated with hemophagocytic syndrome was more common,dangerous and difficult to treat.In addition to hemorrhage,refractory multiple organ failure was common.Liver failure was the most common type.In addition to conventional treatment of DIC,the early application of hormone and immunotherapy were also very important.And the early application of immunotherapy depends on the early diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome.Conclusion:The characteristics of DIC complicated with hemophagocytic syndrome were:Early onset of DIC,Liver failure was the most common among refractory multiple organ failure.Positive treatment for DIC may gain time for the immunotherapy of hemophagocytic syndrome.The early diagnosis and the early immunotherapy of hemophagocytic syndrome were the key to the radical improvement of DIC.
Unfractionated Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are parenteral anticoagulants commonly used to prevent and treat thromboembolism. These agents are included on the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) list of medications that have an increased risk of causing severe patient injury when used in error. Thus the management plan for patients receiving UFH and LMWHs should be thorough and individualized. When constructing an individualized care plan, several factors should be addressed to optimize therapy with UFH and LMWH including the utilization of dosing algorithms for initial and maintenance doses, monitoring laboratory results and adjusting therapy appropriately, providing patient education, and addressing barriers to outpatient use if needed (self-administration techniques, financial burdens, etc). Pharmacists are in the ideal position to address all of these expectations. This chapter outlines the role of the pharmacist in the management of patients on UFH and LMWH.
Language documentation in the Tohono O&#8217;odham community

This paper examines language documentation efforts on the Tohono O’odham (formerly known as Papago) reservation. Tohono O’odham is an endangered Uto-Aztecan language spoken in southern Arizona and northern Mexico. The focus here is on legacy documentation, which consists of recordings and manuscripts collected by previous researchers. These materials could potentially serve as a valuable resource for the tribal community in language maintenance and revitalization. However, most have not been transcribed, translated, or published. This article describes the beginning of a collaboration between tribal community members and academics to make O’odham legacy materials more accessible. This paper offers suggestions to other groups for developing similar collaborations and presents community-generated ideas for how to develop and work with these legacy materials.
Rigor or Restriction: Examining Close Reading With High School English Language Learners

English language learners (ELLs) are the fastest growing student subgroup in the United States, and public schools have the challenging task of teaching ELLs both English language and academic content. In spite of the attention given to improving outcomes for ELLs, the achievement gap between ELLs and native English speakers persists, especially in reading. Currently, 43 states have adopted the Common Core State Standards (CCSS; National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010) for language arts and English curriculum (Achieve, 2013). To address achievement gaps in reading, CCSS recommend a close reading procedure that involves repeated readings of a single complex text to increase student reading comprehension of expository texts. In this pilot study, the researchers examined the appropriateness of close reading procedures prescribed by CCSS for ELLs. Six high school ELLs participated in two units of study in an English as a second language U.S. history class that implemented close reading procedures. The researchers found no evidence of either improved reading comprehension or U.S. history content knowledge. The participants also reported a loss of motivation to read after participating in close reading.
Comprehensive Analysis of Survival Outcomes in Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated in Clinical Trials.

Abstract Background Clinical data from patients with non–clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) receiving targeted therapy are limited, and many clinical trials have excluded these patients from study entry. We sought to investigate the outcomes of patients with nccRCC treated in clinical trials in the modern era compared with the outcomes of patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients with metastatic RCC who had received targeted therapy in Pfizer-sponsored phase II and III clinical trials from 2003 to 2013. Associations between the histologic type and treatment outcome (overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival [PFS]) were assessed using the log-rank test on univariate analysis or the Wald χ 2 test from Cox regression on multivariable analysis, adjusted for baseline characteristics, including age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, body mass index, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk factors, previous nephrectomy, previous therapy, metastatic sites, angiotensin system inhibitor use, and statin use. Results We identified 4527 patients with metastatic RCC: 4235 with ccRCC and 337 with nccRCC. Overall, the median OS was shorter for those with nccRCC than for those with ccRCC (15.7 vs. 20.2 months; hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval 1.22-1.63; P P P = .63). Conclusion Our findings have confirmed that patients with nccRCC are underrepresented in clinical trials and highlight the need for further prospective studies exploring current and novel agents for this patient population.
e-Learning Instruction: Identifying and Developing the Competencies of Online Instructors

The rapid growth of online courses and programs in the last decade has been accompanied by a need for quality online instructors who can improve learning effectiveness and student satisfaction. Professional development is an important aspect of online education, as online instruction requires different pedagogical approaches and often requires faculty to transform many teaching practices. Despite calls for online teaching preparation and development, and certificates offered by professional organizations or individual institutions, no consistent approach to faculty development in online teaching from institution to institution has been established, although suggested best practices exist. Each e-learning context is unique, and a standardized training model might not be effective at all institutions and for all disciplines. In this chapter you will learn about the major roles and competencies needed to teach online as synthesized from the literature, and explore the debate on a technology focus versus pedagogy focus in terms of training decisions. Finally, you will learn about a specific faculty development model employed at a state college to encourage adoption of these roles and competencies in online instruction.
A comprehensive approach to educating students about the internet-of-things

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is an new area where everyday objects are embedded with intelligence and the ability to transmit and receive information. The arrival of this emerging topic presents a pressing educational need. In this paper, a new, innovative course on IoT is presented. The pedagogical approach is to guide students in developing a conceptual “toolbox” of necessary IoT skills centered on the pillars of IoT systems: sensors, embedding computing, wireless networking and cloud-computing. Fundamental topics associated with these areas are taught to students all in one, comprehensive, hands-on course rather than focusing solely on one aspect. Results from the course are presented in the form of direct assessment of student projects. The results show that the course curriculum is effective in reaching the desired student outcomes. Recommendations for improving future offerings are given.
Ellipsis of terms of address and reference in casual communication events in Vietnamese

There is a general view that pro-drop only occurs in languages with either a ‘rich’ inflectional system ( Taraldsen 1978 ; Chomsky 1981 ; Jaeggli 1982 ; Suner 1982 ), or in languages whose pronouns are agglutinating for case, number, or other nominal feature ( Huang 1989 ; Neeleman & Szendrői 2005 ). The Vietnamese language fits neither of these categories. The explanation of the phenomenon of ellipsis of terms of address and reference (toa) in this paper is, therefore, not based on these morphological grounds. Rather, it is presented from a pragmatic perspective, which employs discourse analysis as its major methodology. The paper attempts to demonstrate the fact that although Vietnamese is not a pro-drop language in its traditional definition, ellipsis of toa in casual communication events among Vietnamese speakers is very common, and highly situational. In other words, these elliptic items in this case are referred to as references “in a form of situational (exophoric) presupposition” ( Halliday & Hasan 1976 : 145).
The effects of inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes on blood pressure and cardiac function

Heart rate variability (HRV) as a marker reflects the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The prognostic significance of HRV for cardiovascular disease has been reported in clinical and epidemiological studies. Our laboratory has reported alterations in rat heart rate variability (HRV) due to increasing activity of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system after pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This suggests that pulmonary inhalation of engineered nanoparticles (ENs) may lead to functional changes in the cardiovascular system. The present study further investigated the effects of inhaled MWCNTs on the cardiovascular system and evaluated the correlation between the alterations in HRV and changes in cardiovascular function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-implanted with a telemetry device and exposed by inhalation to MWCNTs for 5 h at a concentration of 5 mg/m3. The electrocardiogram (EKG) and blood pressure were recorded in real time by the telemetry system at pre-exposure, during exposure, and 1 and 7 days post-exposure. In vivo cardiac functional performance in response to dobutamine was determined by a computerized pressure-volume loop system. Inhalation of MWCNTs significantly increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreased heart rate in awake freely moving rat. Additionally, inhalation of MWCNTs also reduced cardiac stroke work, stroke volume, and output in response to dobutamine in anesthetized rats. Inhalation of MWCNTs altered cardiovascular performance, which was associated with MWCNT exposure-induced alterations in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These findings suggest the need to further investigate the cardiovascular effects of inhaled MWCNTs.
Argument for Prophylactic, Catheter-Based Repair of Mitral Regurgitation.

A 62-year-old asymptomatic man presents with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by a flail P2 segment. Should this patient be considered for catheter-based repair? Surgical repair is the gold standard for degenerative MR. With modern techniques, prophylactic surgery may be considered when there is a high likelihood of successful repair (>95%) and a low mortality (<1%), particularly when performed in referent centers.1 This approach may stave off adverse ventricular remodeling and has been associated with improved survival, although the procedural risk and potential complications are being immediately undertaken.2 Over the past decade, transcatheter mitral repair has emerged as an alternative. Several devices are available, with the predominant technology being MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA), which is currently the only device approved in the United States. Although MitraClip has been to found to have favorable safety (procedural mortality, 1%–2%), its efficacy is known to be less than that of surgery, with ≈40% of patients having moderate or worse residual MR.3 Thus, it is not surprising that the lower clinical efficacy observed with transcatheter repair has led to a relatively narrow indication, with the intended use restricted to symptomatic patients and prohibitive surgical risk.1 Data from clinical trials such as those that examined MitraClip therapy are appropriately held in high regard because of the scientific rigor associated with randomization that reduces study bias. Nonetheless, the catheter-based techniques have continued to evolve. These changes have included advances in procedural imaging (eg, 3-dimensional echocardiography), device design (eg, …
Cyclic GMP in Metabolism: Interrelationship of Biogenic Amines, Hormones, and Other Agents

Many hormones, neurohormones, autacoids, drugs, and bacterial toxins produce their effects in various tissues by modifying the accumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (Robison et al., 1971). While many agents enhance adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP synthesis, some agents can decrease its synthesis and accumulation or alter its degradation by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Presumably, cAMP levels in tissue could also be modified by agents that alter its release into interstitial fluid and plasma. Hormone-receptor interactions, formation of cAMP, and processes regulated by this cyclic nucleotide were topics covered in the preceding volume of The Year in Metabolism (Aurbach, 1976). In this chapter, we wish to emphasize in particular interactions of cyclic GMP (cGMP), the other naturally occurring cyclic nucleotide. In addition, we have continued the review begun last year of clinical aspects of cyclic nucleotides in extracellular fluids. Future chapters of this continuing annual series will focus on these as well as other aspects of cyclic nucleotides and their roles in metabolism.
Trauma, Meaning Making, and Loneliness in College Students

ABSTRACTThe present study (N = 621) explored relationships between meaning making (i.e., meaning presence and meaning search) and loneliness in college students who have experienced trauma. In addi...
Numerical simulation of thermal blooming with laser-induced convection

High energy laser propagation through an absorbing fluid is examined via numerical simulation. In contrast to typical thermal blooming studies, both the laser and fluid dynamics are simulated. The ...
Emotional Displays in Online Negotiations – When Anger Helps and Happiness Hurts

The present study investigates the impact of individual emotional displays on self- and partner perceptions of dependency and on individual performance in online negotiations. The results of our ex...
Design of a Mobile Energy Management Unit for Off-grid Mini-microgrids

This paper introduces the design of a mobile energy management unit (M-EMU) for off-grid mini-microgrids. Mini-microgrids can be used for applications such as tents, emergency shelters, temporary houses, and mobile homes. In this paper, we introduce the system setup, the modeling approach for different appliances, and the prototype design of the M-EMU for mini-microgrids. A data-driven load-forecasting algorithm is developed for energy consumption prediction. We then formulate a mini-microgrid optimal energy management (OEM) problem whose objective is to maximize the user comfort respecting to the system constraints and duration requirement. A novel power cap based scheduling algorithm is proposed to iteratively solve the OEM problem. Case studies results show that the M-EMU can operate its loads to meet the backup duration requirement without violating the user comfort settings.
Effects of temperature and preinoculation light level on severity of Syngonium blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris.

The effect of temperature on growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. syngonii isolated from Syngonium podophyllum ‘White Butterfly’ and X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae isolated from Anthurium andraeanum was tested n vitro. Growth of X. campestris pv. syngonii occurred between 18 (65) and 32°C (90°F) (optimum 26°C [79°C]); growth of X. c. pv. dieffenbachiae occurred from 18 (65) to 34°C (93°F) (optimum 22°C [72°F]). Severity of syngonium blight was greatest for plants maintained at 30°C (86°F); no symptoms developed at temperatures below 26°C (79°F). Preinoculation light levels from 1600 to 5000 ft-c did not affect subsequent disease development on plants inoculated with X. campestris pv. syngonii.
Ethics in Analytics and Social Media

In Data Sciences and Computing, bias, conscious or subconscious, can be introduced in a variety of ways. The need for ethics is essential as bias can be found in the data collection phase of big data, analysis phase, and insight phase. Bias can also be found in the outcome phase, assessment phase and improvement phase., Analysts must be aware of possible bias to prevent it in their analysis. With the introduction of social computing, bias, today considered “fake news”, must also be considered. Bias can be a big issue with sites like Facebook, Twitter and even the news media. It has been found that our young, particularly college students, can easily be swayed by social media information, including information that is ultimately proven incorrect. This can be dangerous to society. We have seen countries, for example, China, Saudi Arabia among others blocking social media sites.
Marketing investments in sport venue naming rights and the market value of the firm

Sport venue naming rights agreements represent monumental long-term marketing investments to increase brand awareness and improve a firm's image. These agreements require enormous expenditures, highlighting the importance of understanding their impact on the firm's market value. Questions of the wisdom of such investments today, which types of sport venues are most appropriate, and whether full corporate names or truncated ones are equally successful are of more than academic interest. Prior research has presented only a limited window into the efficacy of these deals. Results from the well-known event study methodology show improved stock market returns based on 122 announcements of naming rights deals, although it is found that market reactions have soured since 2001, when several firms investing in naming rights experienced insolvency. Investments in naming major league baseball or multi-sport venues have been particularly wise. Somewhat surprisingly, we observe that longer sport venue names are preferred to other name lengths.
Best Practices for Reviewing Material at the Beginning of a Semester

This lightning talk describes three different styles of beginning of semester review and a study designed to show which styles are more or less effective. An initial study comparing traditional review and traditional review with the addition of an educational video game was completed with 33 subjects in three classes. The study found that students showed more confidence on specific tasks, such as recursion, and improved their answers for questions on those topics after playing the game during their review. However, the students who played the game were less confident, compared to their peers, in their overall ability in computer science. For more reliable results a second study should be run with more participants. While the initial research focused on review with and without game play incorporated into the review, a second study would split the first condition in two, review with and without additional practice problems. Faculty who might be interested in participating this research by collecting data in their classes or collaborating with the proposer to develop the second study should email the proposer.
Some Investigations into Mutual Coupling Analysis for Trade Space Studies of Linear Arrays

Results for assessing the effects of mutual coupling on important array parameters such as directivity and bandwidth are presented for examining tradeoffs. A linear, equispaced 25 element dipole array was chosen as a test model to obtain results for uniform, Dolph-Chebyshev and Taylor amplitude distributions. A closed-form formula for the directivity, excluding mutual coupling, was derived to facilitate the computations for the arbitrarily excited, equispaced dipole array. The information gleaned from the results suggests that array mutual coupling, effected by inter element spacings, has significant impact on array directivity but does not similarly affect the array bandwidth. The influence of the scan angle and sidelobe level on the array bandwidth and directivity, for different excitations, have also been reported.
Two‐hundred million years of anuran body‐size evolution in relation to geography, ecology and life history

Surprisingly, little is known about body-size evolution within the most diverse amphibian order, anurans (frogs and toads), despite known effects of body size on the physiological, ecological and life-history traits of animals more generally. Here, we examined anuran body-size evolution among 2,434 species with over 200 million years of shared evolutionary history. We found clade-specific evolutionary shifts to new body-size optima along with numerous independent transitions to gigantic and miniature body sizes, despite the upper limits of anuran body size remaining quite consistent throughout the fossil record. We found a weak, positive correlation between a species' body size and maximum latitude and elevation, including a dearth of small species at higher elevations and broader latitudinal and elevational ranges in larger anurans. Although we found modest differences in mean anuran body size among microhabitats, there was extensive overlap in the range of body sizes across microhabitats. Finally, we found that larger anurans are more likely to consume vertebrate prey than smaller anurans are and that species with a free-swimming larval phase during development are larger on average than those in which development into a froglet occurs within the egg. Overall, anuran body size does not conform to geographic and ecological patterns observed in other tetrapods but is perhaps more notable for variation in body size within geographic regions, ecologies and life histories. Here, we document this variation and propose target clades for detailed studies aimed at disentangling how and why variation in body size was generated and is maintained in anurans.
Voxel-Based Geometry Reconstruction for Repairing and Remanufacturing of Metallic Components Via Additive Manufacturing

In the component repair process using additive manufacturing (AM) technique, reconstructing the repair volume is essential to generate the repair tool path and guide the AM system to deposit correct geometry on the worn parts. In this study, a novel repair volume reconstruction methodology based on voxel modeling was introduced. At first, the stereolithography (STL) models of the nominal and damaged components were acquired either from computer-aided design (CAD) modeling or through robot-aided 3D scanning. The pre-machining approach was introduced to guarantee the defective zone is accessible to repair tools. The damaged models were aligned with the nominal models by best-fitting their common convex-hull centroids. After that, these STL models were converted to voxel models using the Marching Cube algorithm. The accuracy of the transferred voxel models was investigated by comparing them with the exact geometry. Boolean operations algorithm based on constructive solid geometry was proposed to extract the repair volume by comparing the nominal and damaged voxel models. The Boolean operations can output both the repair volume that is missing from the damaged parts which should be restored by AM and the excess geometry which should be removed by subtractive machining. The proposed approach was implemented on three CAD models and three scanned models. The repair volumes for these damaged parts were successfully reconstructed. Three components were repaired via the directed energy deposition AM process. Finally, the bonding performance between the deposited layers and base parts was evaluated via tensile testing.
The Indocyanine Green Role in Acute Cholecystitis

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most commonly performed surgeries around the world. Acute cholecystitis (AC) increases significantly the risks of complications during this procedure, in particular when it relates to iatrogenic biliary duct injuries (BDIs). The authors herein present the most appropriate technique when performing an LC in subjects with AC while reducing the risk of developing a BDI.
Global Agricultural Value Chains and Employment Growth

The rise of agricultural global value chains (AGVCs) has transformed the nature of food production around the world. This paper provides evidence on the job creation effects in response to the expansion of AGVCs in agrarian economies. By using a constructed panel data set of 155 countries for the period 1991-2015, we find that a greater AGVC participation is associated with an increase in agricultural employment growth. We uncover evidence that the positive job creation impact is mainly driven by the processed food sector downstream of global value chains (GVCs) rather than the raw commodity sector upstream of GVCs. We find substantial heterogeneity of impacts that are more pronounced in lower-middle and high-income countries than in low-income countries.
A 71-to-86-GHz 16-Element by 16-Beam Multi-User Beamforming Integrated Receiver Sub-Array for Massive MIMO

This article presents a 71–86 GHz 16-element array receiver application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC) for Massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) wireless uplink, featuring a multiple-output analog beamformer (BF) supporting up to 16 spatially multiplexed users at the same time. The ASIC includes 16 direct-conversion mixer-first RX front-ends, local oscillator (LO) generation and distribution, and a $16\times 16$ fully connected baseband analog beamformer, which derives each user stream as a linear combination of all the 16 antennas. The 16 mm 2 28 nm CMOS ASIC is packaged on an organic interposer including a linear patch antenna array. Over-the-air measurements demonstrate up to 2 Gb/s single-user data-rate, and four simultaneous links at 500 Mb/s each, with number of users and data rate only limited by setup constraints. Circuits are optimized for low power consumption in order to enable scaling to massive arrays, and consumes 1.7 W total power, for a power figure of 7 mW/antenna/user.
Localized Excitations in Thermal Conductivity

In this paper we wish to demonstrate on a few examples the use of lattice thermal conductivity measurements for the study of low frequency impurity modes. We shall see that this method is complementary to the far infrared absorption measurements, because the thermal conductivity is sensitive to impurity modes which, although infrared active, are too strongly damped to be detected through infrared absorption. Furthermore, we shall see that there is evidence that phonons can also be coupled to even parity impurity modes, and hence thermal conductivity can also detect these infrared inactive modes. Finally, we wish to gain some insight into the nature of impurity modes by comparing their phonon scattering with that caused by spatially well localized motional states, associated for instance with the rotational degrees of freedom of molecular impurities.
Chapter 18: Long-term potentiation: postsynaptic activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases with subsequent presynaptic enhancement

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on understanding the role of Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinases and elucidating the nature of the persistent change. A key question is whether synaptic transmission is strengthened by increased transmitter release or enhanced postsynaptic receptivity. The chapter describes progress toward rigorous quantal analysis of synaptic variability. A major obstacle to statistical analysis of synaptic variability has been the poor signal-to-noise ratio of conventional intracellular recordings. This problem has been overcome by applying the whole-cell voltage clamp technique to study synaptic transmission in conventional hippocampal slices. Robust long-term potentiation (LTP) can be recorded with much improved signal resolution and biochemical access to the postsynaptic cell. Prolonged dialysis of the postsynaptic cell blocks the triggering of LTP, with no effect on expression of LTP. The improved signal resolution unmasks a large trial-to-trial variability, reflecting the probabilistic nature of transmitter release.
Wild type (wt) p53 suppresses soft tissue sarcoma (STS) invasion by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and activity

4364 Introduction: MMP-9 plays an established role in tumor invasion and metastasis; however, the regulation of MMP-9 activity has not been fully determined. P53 mutations are the most common molecular alteration in STS, a hematogenous rather than lymphatic-disseminating tumor, and so we tested whether (1) MMP-9 expression and activity is increased due to p53 mutation, and (2) whether reintroduction of wt p53 could inhibit this increased MMP-9 activity. Methods: We created temperature-sensitive p53 mutants in SKLMS-1, a human leiomyosarcoma cell line bearing mut p53. These were used to test the effect of p53 mut on MMP9 protein levels (western blot), mRNA expression (northern blot), and activity (zymography). MMP-9 status was also examined in human STS tumor samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and also in human mut p53 STS xenografts grown in nude mice transfected with adenovirus p53 (Adp53) or empty vector controls. . Results: Using the temperature-sensitive p53 mutants, we found that MMP-9 activity as measured by zymography was significantly lower at 32°C (wt p53 status) than at 38°C (mut p53 status). Likewise, MMP-9 protein and mRNA was inhibited at 32°C compared to 38°C. MMP-9 protein expression was measured in 13 STS samples using IHC; 10/13 samples with strong MMP-9 expression developed metastases whereas 0/3 STS samples lacking MMP-9 expression developed metastases. MMP-9 expression in Adp53 transfectants growing as xenografts had markedly decreased MMP-9 expressions compared with those treated with empty vector controls. Conclusions: mut p53 status in STS results in increased MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression. MMP-9 expression in STS specimens correlates with the likelihood of developing metastasis. Reintroduction of wt p53 into mut p53 STS xenografts resulted in markedly decreased MMP-9 expression. Future therapy seeking to directly or indirectly modulate MMP-9 activity in STS may decrease metastasis, thereby improving survival in this devastating malignancy.
The relation between nerve fiber number and limb regenerative capacity in the lizard, Anolis

The present work provides some quantitative evidence for the view that the inability of the lizard's limb to regenerate is due to an insufficiency of nerve fibers. The number of fibers per unit area of the amputation surface of the lizard's forelimb is approximately one-half that reported for the limb of the salamander, capable of regeneration. It is known that when the number of fibers in the salamander's limb is reduced to about half its normal value, regeneration does not occur in about 50% of the animals. The possibility is also discussed that the lizard's limb, in addition to being less innervated than that of the salamander, is also more refractory in its growth response to the nerve. Finally, the comparative poverty of innervation of the lizard's limb relative to that of the salamander suggests that the evolutionary trend in the vertebrate series toward elaboration of central nervous mechanisms was accompanied by a decline in richness of peripheral innervation.
The nonexistence of certain projective planes of order {$15$}

If a projective plane Π of ord er 15 contains a line-extended (15,3)-Kirkman design Σ*, no collineation of Π of order 7 fixes (setwise) the point set of Σ*.
Antigen‐specific B cell detection reagents: Use and quality control

Tests for immunoglobulin reactivity with specific antigens are some of the oldest and most used assays in immunology. With efforts to understand B cell development, B cell dysregulation in autoimmunity, and to generate B cell vaccines for infectious agents, investigators have found the need to understand the ontogeny and regulation of epitope-specific B cell responses. The synchrony between surface and secreted antibodies for individual B cells has led to the development of reagents and techniques to identify antigen-specific B cells via reagent interactions with the B cell receptor complex. B cell antigen-specific reagents have been reported for model systems of haptens, for whole proteins, and for identification of double stranded (ds) DNA antibody-producing B cells using peptide mimics. Here we provide an overview of reported techniques for the detection of antigen-specific B cell responses via secreted antibody or by the surface B cell receptor and briefly discuss our recent work developing a panel of reagents to probe the B cell response to HIV-1 envelope. We also present an analysis of strengths and weaknesses of various methods for flow cytometric analysis of antigen-specific B cells.
Extending patches to fullerenes

In this paper we consider fullerene patches that can be extended to pseudconvex patches. We show that all fullerene disks with three or fewer pentagons can be extended to pseudoconvex patches, and that all pseudoconvex patches can be extended to fullerenes.
Child Negative Emotionality and Caregiver Sensitivity Across Context: Links with Children's Kindergarten Behaviour Problems

Behavioural adjustment is critical for children's school readiness. This study used data from a nationally representative sample of children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort. We examined the effects of interactions between children's negative emotionality, maternal sensitivity and preschool teacher sensitivity on children's kindergarten internalizing and externalizing behaviours. Parent report of children's negative emotionality and observations of maternal sensitivity were obtained at age 2 years, teacher sensitivity was observed in preschool and teacher report of children's behaviour problems was obtained in kindergarten. Negative emotionality moderated links between maternal sensitivity, teacher sensitivity and children's internalizing behaviours. For children high in negativity, maternal sensitivity was positively associated with internalizing behaviour in the context of low teacher sensitivity, whereas for children low in negativity, maternal sensitivity was negatively associated with internalizing behaviour. For children high or low in negativity, internalizing behaviour was comparable when teacher sensitivity was high regardless of maternal sensitivity. Maternal sensitivity and teacher sensitivity interacted to predict externalizing behaviour regardless of child negativity. Children who experienced high teacher sensitivity displayed comparable externalizing behaviour regardless of maternal sensitivity. When children experienced low teacher sensitivity, maternal sensitivity was negatively associated with externalizing behaviour. Interactions between child characteristics and caregiving across developmental contexts are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum Bäcklund transformation for the Liouville theory

Abstract The classical Backlund transformation, which maps the Liouville model onto a free field theory, is developed into an explicit operator relation for quantum fields. Conformal transformation properties and canonical commutation relations are preserved by this operator mapping.
FROZEN FRENCH‐FRIED POTATOES. Effects of Thawing and Holding Before Finish Frying and Their Nonrelation to Starch Retrogradation

SUMMARY— Frozen par-fried French-fry cuts allowed to thaw and held several hours before being finish-fried lost more weight (due to loss of moisture) and absorbed more fat than it not held. The yield of finished product decreased about 7% and fat uptake increased about 25% when par-fries were held for 3 days at 50°F. Smaller but economically significant changes occurred in only 1-1/2 hr at this temperature or in 5 hr at 40°F. The rate of the change in par-fries which causes lower yields and greater fat absorption increases with increasing temperature. The time course of the change at 50°F is similar to that of starch retrogradation in par-fries but the rote of retrogradation decreases with increasing temperature; therefore, these appear to be unrelated phenomena. There is no combination of time and temperature for frying par-fries from the thawed state which is equivalent in all respects to a given combination for frying them from the frozen state.