cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Adaptations Following Training and Protein Supplementation in a Group of Trained Weightlifters

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a recovery supplement compared with a placebo on muscle morphology in trained weightlifters. Vastus lateralis and muscle fiber cross sectional area of type I and type II fibers were compared between groups using a series of 2 × 2 (group × time) repeated measure ANOVAs. Both groups on average improved cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis, type I and type II muscle fibers from pre-to-post but individual response varied within both groups. Greater magnitude of changes in type I and type II muscle fibers were observed for the placebo group but not for vastus lateralis cross sectional area. Additionally, subjects were divided into large and small fiber groups based on combined fiber size at the start of the investigation. These findings indicate that the recovery supplement utilized provided no greater effect compared with a placebo in a 12-week block periodization protocol in trained weightlifters. The primary determinate of fiber size changes in the study was determined to be the initial fiber size of muscle fibers with larger practical changes observed in the small fiber group compared with the large fiber group in type I, II, and ultrasound cross-sectional area (CSA).
Psychological Aspects of Hematological Neoplasms

In an era of evidence-based medicine, it is important to choose psycho-oncology treatments that are as efficacious as possible. Psychosocial cancer care that is ineffective may be worse than no care at all.
Symmetries of Solid Objects

So far, we have only studied the symmetries of flat two-dimensional objects in the plane. In this chapter, we discuss the symmetries of solid three-dimensional objects in space. Look at the following solid objects, and rank them from the most symmetric to the least symmetric.
Application of electron microscopy to the study of plasma lipoprotein structure.

Publisher Summary Plasma lipoproteins are macromolecules composed of proteins and lipids. They perform the important function of transporting complex lipids in the plasma. The transported lipids are biologically important in the energy metabolism of tissues and in the structure of cell membranes. This chapter focuses on the morphological properties of lipoproteins as shown by various electron microscopic techniques including fixation and shadowing, fixation and sectioning, freeze-etching, and negative staining. It emphasizes on the isolated lipoprotein fractions because such fractions are physically and chemically well defined. The lipoprotein fractions are from human plasma. Lipoproteins isolated from plasma and serum appear to be identical in their chemical and physical properties. The chapter discusses the capabilities and the limitations of the various electron microscopic techniques in the analysis of lipoprotein structure. Studies on morphological aspects of lipid-protein interactions in plasma lipoproteins as well as in model systems containing specific lipids and proteins have been stimulated.
Premium variation in the individual health insurance market.

Recent proposals to decrease the number of uninsured in the U.S. indicate that the individual health insurance market's role may increase. Amid fears of possible risk-segmentation in individual insurance, there exists limited information of the functioning of such markets. This paper examines the relationship between expected medical expense and actual paid premiums for households with individual insurance in the 1996–1997 Community Tracking Study's Household Survey. We find that premiums vary less than proportionately with expected expense and vary only with certain risk characteristics. We also explore how the relationship between risk and premiums is affected by local regulations and market characteristics. We find that premiums vary significantly less strongly with risk for persons insured by HMOs and in markets dominated by managed care insurers.
The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback in an Outpatient Setting: A Multilevel Modeling Approach:

Purpose:Neurofeedback is an increasingly common therapeutic intervention for mental disorders. Most of the existent neurofeedback via electroencephalography (EEG-nf) research uses controlled studie...
Evaluation of Targeted Basiliximab Induction Therapy in Lung Transplant

Purpose Antibody induction therapy has been shown to reduce acute rejection episodes in organ transplantation. Universal basiliximab (BAS) induction therapy was discontinued at our center due to lack of efficacy versus no induction. Targeted induction therapy with BAS was developed for patients with acute kidney injury. This study compares the incidence of acute and chronic rejection in lung transplant (txp) recipients who received basiliximab for acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods Patients transplanted between 2008-2018 were retrospectively divided into two groups (grps): (1) BAS vs (2) no induction. Maintenance IS included a calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolate or azathioprine, and prednisone. Acute rejection (AR) was defined as ISHLT grade A2 or greater. Variables examined included baseline characteristics, incidence of AR, infections within 12 months (mo), serum creatinine (Scr) pre- and post-txp, antibody mediated rejection, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), time to CLAD development, and patient survival. Results 318 patients qualified for analysis: 59 patients received BAS. The groups were comparable in regards to gender, age, diagnosis, and CMV status. Grp 2 had more single transplants (p= 0.032). Overall, AR at 12 mo was similar in both groups (15.6% vs. 19.6%, p=NS). Pre-txp Scr and Scr at 30 days post-txp were similar in both groups. Freedom from CLAD was similar in both groups at 2 years (grp 1= 36 v. grp 2= 178 pts, p= 0.163). No difference was observed between the groups regarding secondary outcomes shown in the table. However, patients receiving BAS therapy trended toward worse survival at 12 mo when compared to no induction. Conclusion In conclusion, our single-center experience demonstrated similar outcomes in patients with AKI who received targeted basiliximab induction therapy in conjunction with delayed calcineurin inhibitor initiation.
Association between Number of Prior Cesareans and Early Preterm Delivery in Women with Abnormal Placentation.

Objective Delivery timing at 34 to 36 weeks is nationally recommended for pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). However, it has recently been suggested that those with ≥2 prior cesarean deliveries (CD) and PAS should be delivered earlier than 34 weeks because of a higher risk of unscheduled delivery and complications. We sought to evaluate whether the number of prior CD in women with PAS is associated with early preterm delivery (PTD) ( Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter and observational study that included women with prior CD (maternal–fetal medicine unit cesarean registry). Women with a diagnosis of PAS (regardless of placenta previa) were included for our primary analysis, and women with known placenta previa (without a component of PAS) were independently analyzed in a second analysis. Two groups of patients from the registry were studied: patients with PAS (regardless of placenta previa) and patients with placenta previa without PAS. The exposure of interest was the number of prior CD: ≥2 CD compared with Results There were 194 women with PAS, 97 (50%) of whom had Conclusion Women with PAS who have had ≥2 prior CD as compared with women with Key Points
A rare case of native mitral valve infective endocarditis presenting with complete heart block and intermittent atrial flutter.

Mitral valve infective endocarditis, without aortic involvement, is a rare cause of complete heart block. It is thought that infections placed close to the conductive system of the heart may drive ...
PROMIS Global-10 poorly correlates with legacy outcomes for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global-10 assesses generic-related quality of life, but has not been well studied in the orthopaedic literature. The purpose was to compare PROMIS Global-10 and legacy hip-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). This study included patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy with complete preoperative and 6-month post-operative follow-up. PROMIS Global-10 Physical (PROMIS-P) and Mental (PROMIS-M) components, as well as the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and International Hip Outcome Tool-33 (iHOT-33) were assessed. PROM analysis included: post-operative changes, correlations, floor and ceiling effects and responsiveness. Final analysis included 112 patients. Average age and body mass index were 36.1±11.7 years and 24.8±3.9 kg/m2, respectively. All 6-month PROMs, except PROMIS-M, were significantly improved compared to preoperative level (P<0.02). Preoperatively, PROMIS-P was poorly correlated with mHHS and iHOT-33 (rs <0.4) whereas PROMIS-M was only poorly correlated with iHOT-33 (rs <0.4, 95% CI of 0.02-0.37). Post-operatively, the iHOT-33 was poorly correlated with both PROMIS measures (rs <0.4). The mHHS was fairly correlated with both PROMIS measures (rs <0.6) post-operatively. The effect sizes for mHHS and iHOT-33 were high (d=1.2 and 1.40, respectively), whereas the effect sizes for PROMIS Global-10 were small (d<0.3). PROMIS Global-10 demonstrated lower effect sizes and poor to fair correlation with legacy hip-specific PROMs, and appears to have a limited role in the assessment of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Therefore, the PROMIS Global-10 may have a limited role in assessing patients with FAIS.
Spatial-Temporal EV Charging Demand Model Considering Generic Second-Order Traffic Flows

The upcoming paradigm shift of transportation electrification will crucially change the spatial-temporal power demand profile imposed on our power grid. This paper proposes aggregated macroscopic traffic models that can be scalable to metropolitan scale real-time applications. Moreover, the prime focus lies on first-principle-based models that can properly capture the spatial-temporal evolution of traffic jams. This paper develops unified modeling frameworks for coupled traffic and power infrastructure, that capture the major cross-interactions between vehicular traffic flow and the power grid. The proposed models can then be used for long-time development of the power grid to facilitate possible traffic scenarios, energy trading, and short-time control to implement power grid response actions to traffic incidents.
An application of maximum-minimum distance circuits on hypercubes

The related questions of finding Hamilton circuits in the n-dimensional cube with d points on an edge which maximize the minimum "taxicab" distance between successive vertices and/or which maximize the sum of such distances over the entire circuit is investigated. A "good" bound for the first quantity and an achievable limit for the second are developed and several optimal constructions found. Both of these circuits are central to designing pseudo-color graphics displays in which minimal grey scale differences become maximal color differences.
Darleen Druyun: An Evolving Case Study in Corruption, Power, and Procurement

Abstract : The U.S. system of government contracting has seen its share of corruption over the years dating back to the inception of the nation. As one retired general officer has put it; the farmers were probably ripping off the Patriots as they marched off into battle. Perhaps the apex of corruption in government contracting was reached in the early 1980s. There were still large amounts of money being spent on Cold War era defense contracts during that time and there were a good deal of corrupt individuals both receiving and doling out those funds. Many of these abuses were investigated in Operation III Wind, the largest procurement fraud investigation in the history of the United States. That investigation, designed to put an end to the large scale corruption in government contracting, included over eight-hundred subpoenas issued, included two million documents, and resulted in ninety companies and individuals being convicted of various crimes. Additionally, a good many of those contractors that were convicted of crimes were also subsequently debarred from government contracting.
Molecular Basis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

The cyclin D1/PRAD1 oncogene, discovered through its involvement in the pathogenesis of parathyroid adenomas, is having a broad impact in oncology and cell cycle biology. The MEN1 gene plays an important role in sporadic, as well as familial, hyperparathyroidism, and the function of its protein product is being vigorously pursued. Mutations in a number of CDKI genes can participate in the development of sporadic parathyroid adenomas, both via direct clonal selection and, perhaps more frequently, as germline predisposing alleles of reduced penetrance. New tools will facilitate the identification of still other parathyroid tumor-provoking genes that, given recent evidence, are virtually certain to exist. Finally, there is reason to hope that the molecular basis of the relationship between abnormal parathyroid cell proliferation and abnormal hormonal regulatory function, plus other problems unique to parathyroid disease, may soon be elucidated.
Immediate-early gene expression in response to hypertrophic and proliferative stimuli in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Remodeling of the pulmonary vascular tree in pulmonary hypertension is associated with hypertrophy and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Since the stimuli and signaling pathways for these processes are not well understood, we used a rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell line (PAC1) to examine the effects of thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on cellular growth and immediate-early gene expression. Over 72 h, thrombin (1 unit/ml) caused hypertrophy as reflected by a 102 +/- 12% increase in protein synthesis and a 49 +/- 11% increase in protein content per cell, but no change in cell number. PDGF (2.5 ng/ml) stimulated proliferation as evidenced by an increase in cell number (doubling in 5 days), but no significant change in protein content per cell. Immediate-early gene expression was examined by Northern blotting: both thrombin and PDGF induced egr-1, c-fos, c-jun, junB, and fra-1 mRNAs within 15 min; the response was maximal at 30-60 min (increases ranging from 2.9- to 9.3-fold over control serum-deprived cells) and returned to base-line levels within 2-4 h. Neither agent affected junD mRNA levels. However, thrombin but not PDGF, caused an increase in fosB mRNA levels (7.7 +/- 4.0-fold higher than control, n = 12, p < 0.0005). The immediate-early gene response to both agonists was generally dependent on extracellular Ca2+, Na2+/H+ exchange, and protein kinase C activation, but not on cAMP. The exception was c-jun mRNA, the levels of which were not affected by inhibition of protein kinase C, but decreased significantly by prevention of cAMP formation. Thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores were necessary for the response to thrombin, but not to PDGF. These results demonstrate that thrombin is a hypertrophic agent and that PDGF is a proliferative agent in PAC1 cells. These two agonists stimulate increases in a variety of immediate-early gene mRNAs, but only thrombin induces fosB mRNA.
Managing Spawned Virtual Networks

The creation, deployment and management of network architecture is manual, ad hoc and slow to evolve to meet new service requirements resulting in costly and inflexible deployment cycles. In the Genesis Project (genesis@comet.columbia.edu), Columbia University, we envision a different paradigm where new network architectures are dynamically created and deployed in an automated fashion based on the notion of ”spawning networks”, a new class of open programmable networks. Spawning networks support a virtual network operating system called the Genesis Kernel that is capable of profiling, spawning, architecting and managing distinct virtual network architectures on-the-fly. In this paper, we describe a kernel plug-in module called “virtuosity” for the management of multiple spawned virtual networks. Virtuosity exerts control and manages multiple spawned virtual network architectures by dynamically influencing the behavior of a set of resource controllers operating over management-level timescales.
Interest-Rate Changes, Transaction Costs, and Assumable Loan Value

This study examines the assumable loan value in creative financing. It is shown that, even in perfect markets and with an identical risk assigned to first and secondary mortgages on the same house, the assumable loan value as determined by the cash equivalence method is overstated. The impact of unexpected changes in market interest rates will reduce the premium paid for the assumable loan. Furthermore, under efficient markets with transaction costs, homebuyers will not pay the value as indicated by traditional cash equivalence for the assumable loan. The buyer's expected payoff could instead be higher by taking a new conventional loan on the house. This result explains some empirical findings of studies using cash equivalence that have found capitalization rates less than 100% of the assumable loan value into home selling prices. Additionally, this paper suggests a theoretical framework that can be used for further research.
Shifts in Postdiscrimination Gradients within a Stimulus Dimension Based on Female Waist-to-Hip Ratios

Fifteen participants were trained on a within-subjects basis with two discrimination training conditions and one simple generalization training (control) condition to determine whether gradient shifts can be obtained within a stimulus dimension consisting of women’s waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs). In one discrimination condition, the S− consisted of the “optimal” WHR; in the other, the S− consisted of the approximate mean WHR for adult women. For all three conditions, the S+ was an intermediate value. Under both discrimination training conditions, the generalization gradient was observed to shift away from the S− and toward extreme values on the opposite end of the dimension; under the control condition, the gradient was more closely centered on the S+. The results suggest that the processes involved in gradient shifts can affect judgments of biologically significant stimuli.
Genome complexity, robustness and genetic interactions in digital organisms

Digital organisms are computer programs that self-replicate, mutate and adapt by natural selection. They offer an opportunity to test generalizations about living systems that may extend beyond the organic life that biologists usually study. Here we have generated two classes of digital organism: simple programs selected solely for rapid replication, and complex programs selected to perform mathematical operations that accelerate replication through a set of defined 'metabolic' rewards. To examine the differences in their genetic architecture, we introduced millions of single and multiple mutations into each organism and measured the effects on the organism's fitness. The complex organisms are more robust than the simple ones with respect to the average effects of single mutations. Interactions among mutations are common and usually yield higher fitness than predicted from the component mutations assuming multiplicative effects; such interactions are especially important in the complex organisms. Frequent interactions among mutations have also been seen in bacteria, fungi and fruitflies. Our findings support the view that interactions are a general feature of genetic systems.
1976 meeting in minneapolis.

Abstract The “City of Lakes” welcomes you to the 1976 MLA convention. Join your colleagues in examining past, present, and future “Frontiers in Health Science Librarianship” during MLA's seventy-fifth anniversary year. Then explore the natural beauty of our lakes, rivers, and parks; enjoy the city's many cultural activities; sample a bit of Midwestern heritage in the bicentennial year.
Changes in the moment arms of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles with abduction and rotation

The behavior of the moment arms of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles was studied during simple and combine movements of abduction and rotation about the glenohumeral joint. This was done by experimental measurement of excursions of the muscles in an in vitro cadaver model and by use of a multiple-regression analysis to delineate the changes in the moment arms as a function of abduction and rotation. The results demonstrated the potential of some rotator cuff muscles to contribute to both abduction and rotation, the sensitivity of the abductor moment-arm lengths to internal and external rotation and of the rotator moment-arm lengths to the degree of abduction, and the capacity of the abductor moment-arm lengths of the deltoid to increase with increasing abduction. Characterization of this behavior resulted in an increased understanding of the complex role of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles about the gleno-humeral joint and provided quantitative descriptions of functional relationships. This study demonstrates the capacity of the infraspinatus and subscapularis muscles to contribute not only to external and internal rotation, respectively, but also to elevation of the arm in the plane of the scapula, a role for which these muscles have been given little or no consideration. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the contribution of the infraspinatus to abduction is enhanced with internal rotation while that of the subscapularis is enhanced with external rotation. Thus, dysfunction of the supraspinatus muscle need not preclude good elevation of the arm, and rehabilitation to reprogram and strengthen the remaining muscles becomes an important consideration.
Sexism and sexual harassment in tertiary institutions

Sexual harassment is a recurring decimal in tertiary institutions. The paper therefore investigates the effects of sexual harassment on the academic performance of female students, using Delta State University, Abraka, as case study. The participants were randomly selected 200level – 500level students from various faculties of the University. The instrument for data collection was a twenty (20) item questionnaire. Though 340questionnaires were distributed through class representatives but 320 were eventually retrieved. The study been a descriptive survey design adopted the use of mean and standard deviation to analyze data. The data however revealed a summated mean of means (3.585) lower than the mean of fourteen (14) items of the questionnaire. That is, each of the fourteen (14) items had means higher than the summated mean of means (see table 1). On this premise the only null hypothesis of the study was rejected. This indicated that sexual harassment has significant effect on the academic performance of female students. It was also noted that students enjoy being sexually harassed due to the benefits. Consequent upon the findings, it was recommended that students should be made to realize that education is not a slogan but a key to sustainable development. Therefore, management of higher institutions should introduce dress code that would abolish seductive and provocative dressing.
Introducción a la lingüística hispánica: El español en los Estados Unidos

Objetivos El capitulo hace un repaso de la dinamica social y linguistica del espanol en los Estados Unidos. Empieza con un recuento sociohistorico de la llegada del espanol a este territorio con los espanoles en el siglo xvi (seccion 1). Continua con una descripcion sociodemografica y linguistica de los diferentes grupos de hispanohablantes e individuos de origen hispano que hoy componen la poblacion latina en los Estados Unidos del siglo xxi (seccion 2). La tercera seccion revisa las caracteristicas linguisticas del espanol representado en los grupos latinos, y la cuarta seccion introduce a las caracteristicas linguisticas derivadas del contacto entre el espanol y el ingles. Las dos ultimas secciones presentan una discusion de los factores macro- (seccion 5) y microsociolinguisticos (seccion 6) que la disciplina ha encontrado como relevantes a la discusion sobre el mantenimiento o perdida del espanol en los Estados Unidos. Antecedentes sociohistoricos El uso del espanol en el territorio estadounidense tiene una historia que se remonta a principios del siglo xvi , pocos anos antes de la llegada de los espanoles al territorio que ahora es Mexico. Ya en 1513, Ponce de Leon llegaba a las costas de Florida y en 1565 se fundaba exitosamente el primer asentamiento espanol en lo que seria el territorio estadounidense: San Agustin (Saint Augustine), en el noreste del actual estado de Florida. La presencia del espanol en los Estados Unidos esta ligada directamente a la colonizacion espanola y a la creacion del virreinato de Nueva Espana, cuya sede era la ciudad de Mexico y que incluia el territorio del suroeste estadounidense.
Land revenues, schools and literacy A historical examination of public and private funding of education

Despite the centralised nature of the fiscal system in colonial India, public education expenditures varied dramatically across regions with the western and southern provinces spending three to four times as much as the eastern provinces. A significant portion of the inter-regional difference was due to historical differences in land taxes, an important source of provincial revenues in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The large differences in public spending, however, did not produce comparable differences in enrolment rates or literacy in the colonial period. Nonetheless, public investments influenced the direction of school development and perhaps the long run trajectory of rural literacy.
Kainic acid lesions of the nucleus accumbens selectively attenuate morphine self-administration

The influence of kainic acid lesions of intrinsic and efferent neurons of the central medial nucleus accumbens on responding simultaneously maintained by food, water and morphine self-administration was assessed. Rats were trained on a multioperant baseline to respond on three different levers that resulted in either a food pellet, the presentation of a water dipper or an infusion of morphine. While responding on the morphine lever was related to dose (0.83-13.2 mg/infusion), increasing concentrations of the drug had little or no effect on responding maintained by food and water before the lesion. Bilateral infusions of the neurotoxin into the nucleus accumbens decreased morphine self-administration but did not appreciably alter food or water intake. Food extinction probes before the lesion produced significant increases in drug intake and decreases in responding on the water lever, but the neurotoxin lesion attenuated the food extinction induced decrease in water intake. These data suggested that kainic acid lesions of the nucleus accumbens decrease the reinforcing efficacy of morphine but do not alter the reinforcing properties of food and water. The neuronal systems potentially involved in mediating the reinforcing effects of environmental events are discussed.
X-Ray Gated Images Of Imploding Microballoons

A four-frame, fast gated microchannel plate x-ray detector has been used on the OMEGA laser system to obtain two-dimensional, time-resolved pinhole camera images (in the 1-2.5 keV region) of imploding laser fusion targets. The camera, which has a frame time less than 150 ps has proven to be a valuable tool, both in recording implosion dynamics and in detecting and identifying implosion non-uniformities.
A low-phase-noise 0.004-ppm/step DCXO with guaranteed monotonicity in the 90-nm CMOS process

This paper presents an integrated 26-MHz digitally controlled crystal oscillator (DCXO) for GSM standard that achieves a phase noise of -140 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and -152 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. The measured supply pushing at 26 MHz is 0.5 ppm/V. Frequency tuning is done by a predistorted 14-bit MOS capacitor digital-to-analog converter (DAC) where the top 10 bits are thermometer coded and the bottom 4 bits are /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulated. Monotonicity of /spl sim/0.004 ppm/step across the entire /spl sim/70 ppm tuning range is guaranteed by applying a sliding /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation to the last exercised thermometer element. This DCXO consumes 3 mW at 1.4 V supply and occupies 0.18 mm/sup 2/ in the 90-nm CMOS process.
Mantegna's Uffizi Judith: The Masculinization of the Female Hero

Summary Of the many variations on the Judith theme by Andrea Mantegna and his circle, the autograph drawing at the Uffizi (1491) is the most unconventional. Modeled after Mantegna's portrayal of a glorified Roman centurion (c. 1455, Ovetari Chapel), it presents an unprecedented, celebratory figure of a female hero. Indeed, displaying a triumphant woman who is allowed to appropriate the countenance and attain the stature of a triumphant man, it may be one of the earliest, hitherto unnoticed depictions of a virago in Italian Renaissance art. Unlike all of her counterparts by Mantegna and his followers, the Uffizi Judith aligns herself with the few images of women from Classical antiquity often perceived as female anomalies. Turning away from the male gaze, adopting a traditionally masculine stance, and featuring an uncommonly muscular right arm, she aligns herself with the Amazons and, in particular, with Athena Promachos. Judith's patrilineal recreation in the Uffizi drawing invokes Athena's patrilineal bi...
Ethnic variation in bone density in premenopausal and early perimenopausal women: effects of anthropometric and lifestyle factors.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture rates vary among women of differing ethnicities. Most reports suggest that BMD is highest in African-Americans, lowest in Asians, and intermediate in Caucasians, yet Asians have lower fracture rates than Caucasians. To assess the contributions of anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics to ethnic differences in BMD, we assessed lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD by dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry in 2277 (for the lumbar spine) and 2330 (for the femoral neck) premenopausal or early perimenopausal women (mean age, 46.2 yr) participating in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Forty-nine percent of the women were Caucasian, 28% were African-American, 12% were Japanese, and 11% were Chinese. BMDs were compared among ethnic groups before and after adjustment for covariates. Before adjustment, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were highest in African-American women, next highest in Caucasian women, and lowest in Chinese and Japanese women. Unadjusted lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were 7–12% and 14 –24% higher, respectively, in AfricanAmerican women than in Caucasians, Japanese, or Chinese women. After adjustment, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD remained highest in African-American women, and there were no significant differences between the remaining groups. When BMD was assessed in a subset of women weighing less than 70 kg and then adjusted for covariates, lumbar spine BMD became similar in African-American, Chinese, and Japanese women and was lowest in Caucasian women. Adjustment for bone size increased values for Chinese women to levels equal to or above those of Caucasian and Japanese women. Among women of comparable weights, there are no differences in lumbar spine BMD among African-American, Chinese, and Japanese women, all of whom have higher BMDs than Caucasians. Femoral neck BMD is highest in AfricanAmericans and similar in Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasians. These findings may explain why Caucasian women have higher fracture rates than African-Americans and Asians. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 3057–3067, 2002)
Kant on Education and the Rhetorical Force of the Example

Many continue to note Kant's hostility to rhetoric. This view is far from unfounded, as Kant often voiced a particularly limited and negative view of the art of rhetoric. Yet it seems to limit explorations into any sort of Kantian form of rhetoric. If one approaches the connection of Kant's thought and rhetoric from the perspective provided by his under-studied work on education, one can extract a defendable notion of educative rhetoric in Kant. This present study will attempt to do just this, as well as show how such a use of communicative means plays a vital role in Kant's scheme of moral cultivation. The connecting point between education, practical reasoning, and moral cultivation is shown to be the important communicative device of example. An analysis of Kant's educative rhetoric can provide a useful extension of the rhetoric of example.
Attitudes toward male roles among adolescent males: A discriminant validity analysis.

This study investigates the discriminant validity of a measure of attitudes toward male roles, i.e., beliefs about the importance of men adhering to cultural defined standards for masculinity. Using data from the 1988 National Survey of Adolescent Males, the Male Role Attitude Scale (MRAS) is evaluated in terms of (1) its independence from measures of attitudes toward female roles, and of attitudes toward gender roles and relationships, and (2) its differential correlates with and incremental ability to explain variance in criterion variables compared to measures of these two other gender-related attitudes. As predicted, the MRAS is unrelated to attitudes toward the female role, but is significantly associated with attitudes toward gender roles and relationships. As further predicted, the MRAS, but not attitudes toward women or attitudes toward gender roles and relationships, is associated with homophobic attitudes toward male homosexuality and with traditional male procreative attitudes. In addition, the MRAS explains significant incremental variance in these criterion measures when attitude toward female roles and attitude toward gender roles and relationships are controlled for. These results support the theoretical argument that attitudes toward male roles are conceptually distinct from the other gender-related attitudes examined here.
An overview of the global animation industry

ABSTRACTAnimation is unlike other media industries in that it is, to use a sometimes vaguely applied adjective, global. The highly labor-intensive process behind animation production means that work is very often shared across countries and even continents. Animation, which is easier to dub and has much less local context than live action drama, also travels easily. The key target audience of under-nines happily watch cartoons wherever they originate. These underlying strengths of the genre remain, but it has become an increasingly tough industry for producers as more intense competition in the broadcasting marketplace has transformed their funding model. The corporate structure of companies active in the business ranges from the largest media conglomerates in the world (Walt Disney, Time Warner and Viacom Inc.) to small companies amounting to little more than a designer with a PC and the latest software package.
In Sun’s Likeness and Power: Cheyenne Accounts of Shield and Tipi Heraldry (Mooney)

This work is a book review considering the title In Sun’s Likeness and Power: Cheyenne Accounts of Shield and Tipi Heraldry by James Mooney, transcribed and edited by Father Peter J. Powell.
Effects of oral genistein in mice.

In cell culture systems, genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone with chemopreventative and estrogenic effects, enhances cAMP-dependent activation of the most common cystic fibrosis-causing mutation, ΔF508-CFTR, by as much as 20-fold. ΔF508-CFTR is present in the apical membrane at far lower levels than wild-type CFTR. If genistein can enhance cyclic AMP-dependant activity in vivo, the presence of ΔF508-CFTR, at even a few percent of wild-type levels, might permit genistein to be of therapeutic benefit to cystic fibrosis patients with this mutation. Before determining if oral genistein would be of benefit in mice with a ΔF508 mutation in the murine CFTR gene, a maximal dose of oral genistein with minimal side effects needed to be established. Accordingly, C57Bl/6 mice pups were randomly weaned onto soy-free diet, AIN-76, containing between 0 and 1.0 g/kg genistein and allowed to feed ad libitum for 3 weeks. Genistein had no significant effects on growth rates of either male or female mice. Histology of the lu...
Acceleration of tritium in an FN tandem accelerator

Abstract A cesium beam sputter ion source has been used to produce a negative triton beam of between 0.5 to 2.0 μA for injection into an FN tandem accelerator. The source successfully operated for a period of 600 h of experimentation, at a mean analyzed current level of about 1 μA on about 70 atm cm 3 of tritium enabling a large number of diverse experiments to be performed. Radioactive contamination of the accelerator and peripheral equipment proved minimal.
Improved Reading Performance Using Individualized Compensation Filters for Observers with Losses in Central Vision

A method to improve the reading performance of subjects with losses in central vision is proposed in which the amplitudes of the intermediate spatial frequencies are boosted relative to the lower spatial frequencies. In the method, words are filtered using an image enhancement function which is based on a subject's losses in visual function relative to a normal subject. It was found that 30-70 percent less magnification was necessary, and that reading rates were improved 2-3 times, using the method. The individualized compensation filters improved the clarity and visibility of words. The shape of the enhancement function was shown to be important in determining the optimum compensation filter for improving reading performance.
A deterministic prediction model for the American game of football

This article describes a simulation model of the sport known as football. It was created to predict results of post season football games, most notably college bowl games. By constructing a totally deterministic model of the game, one in which there are no random events, and by using data that is directly accessible to represent the participants, an objective prediction can be reached. The remainder of this paper is divided as follows: Section 2 discusses more about the model's internal workings; Section 3 describes the all-important play selection strategy; Section 4 presents the results collected for verifying the model's accuracy; and finally Section 5 presents some observations and shortcomings of the model along with possible directions for further investigation.
Failed Challenge with Quetiapine after Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome with Conventional Antipsychotics

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening adverse effect associated with conventional antipsychotic agents. The syndrome is characterized by muscular rigidity, hyperpyrexia, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction. Few cases of quetiapine-induced NMS have been reported. A 54-year-old man was unsuccessfully challenged with quetiapine after conventional antipsychotic-induced NMS.
Quantification of left ventricular performance during transient coronary occlusion at various anatomic sites in humans: A study using tantalum-178 and a multiwire gamma camera

Abstract To study the functional significance or transient coronary occlusion on systolic and diastolic left ventricular function relative to the anatomic site of occlusion, first-pass radionuclide angiography with a mobile multiwire gamma camera using tantalum-178 (dose activity ≤84 mCi/elution) was performed in 46 patients undergoing balloon coronary angioplasty. First-pass images were acquired immediately before angioplasty and during the last 30 s of a 60-s balloon inflation in 23 left anterior descending arteries, 18 right coronary arteries, 8 circumflex arteries and 5 diagonal coronary arteries. Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery resulted in significant decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction (54.6 ± 12.7% to 32.3 ± 10.6%, p = 0.0001) and peak filling rate (2.48 ± 0.68 to 1.75 ± 0.64 end-diastolic volumes/s, p = 0.0001), accompanied by severe abnormalities in regional function and left ventricular dilation. Right coronary artery occlusion caused inferior hypokinesia, but did not significantly change left ventricular ejection fraction (48.5 ± 12.4% vs. 45.8 ± 12.5%, p = NS) or peak filling rate (2.05 ± 0.81 vs. 2.09 ± 0.81 end-diastolic volumes/s, p = NS). Circumflex artery occlusion resulted in mild wall motion deterioration and a borderline decrease in ejection fraction (54.7 ± 11.4% to 50.5 ± 12%, p = 0.057). Diagonal artery occlusion did not cause significant changes in left ventricular ejection fraction or filling rate. The decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction during coronary occlusion was 9 ± 25% and 27 ± 22%, respectively, in those arteries with and without collateral supply (p = 0.052). These data provide strong evidence for the critical importance of the left anterior descending artery and the secondary role of the other coronary arteries in maintaining global systolic and diastolic left ventricular function and suggest a protective role of collateral vessels during coronary occlusion.
Lead Levels and Child Development

In the December 1974 issue of this journal, J. Perino and C.B. Ernhart reported that moderate levels of lead exposure in 80 preschool, urban, black children were related to cognitive impairment. In October of 1985, C.B. Ernhart, B. Landa, and A.W. Wolf pre-sented a re-analysis of the data reported in the 1974 article. These researchers revised the position originally taken by Perino and Ernhart and concluded, based on their re-analysis, that if there was an effect of lead levels on cognitive development, it was minimal.In the June/July 1986 issue of this journal, H.L. Needleman presented an argument against the methodology used in the re-analysis of the data by C.B. Ernhart and her colleagues. He felt that it was inappropriate to conclude, based on such a data analysis, that the relationship of lead level and cognitive development was of little consequence in the sample of children. C.B. Ernhart, in a response to his argument in the June/July 1986 issue, continued to support the re-analysis and findings.C...
MMPI correlates of panic disorder and panic attacks

Abstract A limited number of psychological correlates of panic have been identified. The current study employed the MMPI to examine differences on these correlates between Panic-Disordered (PD) subjects and subjects diagnosed with other anxiety disorders, as well as differences between anxiety-disordered individuals with and without panic attacks, Ninety-one subjects who received a DSM-III anxiety disorder diagnosis completed the MMPI. Two comparisons were made: PD and Agoraphobic subjects versus all other diagnosed anxiety disorders; and anxiety disorders with panic attacks versus anxiety disorders without attacks. Using t tests between groups, two systematic differences emerged on the MMPI: PD subjects presented higher scores on the L and Hypochondriasis ( Hs ) subscales. Further, subjects with panic as compared with those without panic also had elevated L and Hs scales. Findings are discussed in terms of somatic preoccupation and its possible role in the etiology of panic. Cross-validation of the L -scale elevation is recommended.
Hybrid model incorporating real options with process centric and system dynamics modeling to assess value of investments in alternative dispute resolution techniques

Project-specific dispute resolution ladders (DRLs) are typically implemented in construction projects to resolve issues arising between the project participants. The DRL typically consists of single or multiple alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques to address construction issues at the three levels of escalation: conflicts; disputes; and claims. However, a DRL requires significant investments to cover the direct costs incurred in-house by the project participants or, externally, if construction specialists and lawyers are recruited to assist in the resolution. Thus, the benefits of the DRL implementation in a construction project must outweigh its costs for the implementation to be worthwhile. This paper presents a methodology to study the effect of different resolution strategies on the value of the investment in a DRL using option/real option theories from financial engineering, process centric modeling, and system dynamics methodology. Of particular interest in this paper is the integration o...
Reactivity of copper manganese oxides

Abstract The reactivity of amorphous copper manganese oxides (Hopcalite) with respect to thermal treatments has been investigated. This system shows complex bulk and surface changes upon heating in vacuum, air, oxygen and carbon monoxide. The mixed valent oxide changes oxidation states in general accordance with the redox controlled charge exchange Cu(II)+Mn(III)⇌Cu(I)+Mn(IV). This is particularly so during the armorphous to crystalline phase transition and during reactions with oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to characterize the chemical and physical changes caused by the reactivity of this system.
Kinetic aspects of the bacterial luciferin-luciferase reaction in vitro.

Abstract Various kinetic aspects of the luminescence of Achromobacter fischeri extracts have been examined in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of interaction of the components necessary for light emission. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constants for oxygen, FMN, DPNH 2 and long-chain fatty aldehydes have been determined. An effect of long-chain fatty aldehydes on the apparent dissociation constant for oxygen is reported; this effect suggests that the aldehydes may bind oxygen. The effect of temperature on the rate of luminescence has been examined under conditions where one or another component was present in limiting concentration. Apparent activation energies have been calculated from this datum. The time course of luminescence has been examined after the addition of each of the components necessary for luminescence singly in the presence of a prior excess of all the other required components. From these experiments “half-rise times” were calculated. It was found that components which clearly react with each other exhibit identical rise tunes. Moreover, components which are late in the sequence of reactions exhibit short rise times as might be expected. The sequence of reactants suggested by these studies involve successively: Malate and DPN; DPNH 2 and FMN; FMNH 2 , luciferase, long-chain aldehyde and oxygen.
Vega landing sites: Venera 15/16 unit analogs from Pioneer Venus reflectivity and RMS slope data

Pioneer Venus radar data on surface properties have been used to compare the Vega spacecraft landing sites with the northern 1/4 of Venus mapped by the orbiters Venera 15 and 16. The regions surrounding both landing sites possess surface reflectivity and small-scale roughness properties most similar to those of mapped volcanoes and volcanic plains regions and different surface properties than those of mapped tectonic units. Regions analogous to the Vega 1 site are relatively rare, covering 2.8 percent of the mapped surface. Vega 2 analogs are much more common and cover 22.6 percent of the surface. Neither landing site is representative of the nearby highlands of Aphrodite, but the Vega 2 landing site is similar to much of the northern plains of Venus.