cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Hyperglycemia in the Hospitalized Podiatric Medical Patient

With the growing prevalence worldwide of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia, hospital-based health-care professionals will encounter patients with these conditions with increasing frequency. It is well known that long-term control of blood glucose reduces the rate and severity of complications in patients with diabetes, but there is also mounting evidence that even short-term glycemic control in hospitalized diabetic patients can significantly lower morbidity and mortality in many areas, from nosocomial infection to postoperative course. The results of traditional approaches to controlling blood glucose in hospitalized patients have been disappointing owing to a variety of factors, including the use of oral agents that are difficult or dangerous to use in inpatients, older insulin preparations with unphysiologic modes of action, and even provider reluctance to accept glycemic control as an essential element of the care of the diabetic hospitalized patient. This article provides guidelines for the effective management of hyperglycemia in these patients throughout the hospital stay, with specific recommendations for the perioperative, operative, and postoperative periods.
Neutron Transmission of Single Crystal Sapphire

Thermal and cold neutron transmission time-of-flight measurements have been taken on blocks of single-crystal sapphire. The transmission characteristics of single-crystal sapphire are not altered by irradiation for a number of years within a beam port at a reactor. Cooling the filter is only useful for the production of beams with the longest wavelengths. Even for poorer grade sapphire there is no degradation of the neutron transmission characteristics.
Integration Workbench: Integrating Schema Integration Tools

A key aspect of any data integration endeavor is establishing a transformation that translates instances of one or more source schemata into instances of a target schema. This schema integration task must be tackled regardless of the integration architecture or mapping formalism. In this paper we provide a task model for schema integration. We use this breakdown to motivate a workbench for schema integration in which multiple tools share a common knowledge repository. In particular, the workbench facilitates the interoperation of research prototypes for schema matching (which automatically identify likely semantic correspondences) with commercial schema mapping tools (which help produce instance-level transformations). Currently, each of these tools provides its own ad hoc representation of schemata and mappings; combining these tools requires aligning these representations. The workbench provides a common representation so that these tools can more rapidly be combined.
Physiological response properties of cells labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase in cat dorsal cochlear nucleus

The physiology and morphology of fusiform cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus were studied using extracellular and intracellular recording and intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Fusiform cells displayed a variety of responses to tone pips presented at the characteristic frequency; most often these cells exhibited the pauser/buildup pattern defined in earlier studies. The response pattern of each neuron was dependent on frequency and sound-pressure level. Tone pips evoked short-lasting depolarizations of about 10 mV and long-lasting hyperpolarizations of about 10 mV in cells whose resting potentials were -50 to -65 mV. The time courses of both the excitation and the inhibition depended on frequency and sound-pressure level. Generally the depolarization was sustained for the duration of the tone pip, whereas the hyperpolarization could last as long as 600 ms after the end of the tone pip. Often a neuron exhibited a sustained chopper pattern after microelectrode impalement. This was probably a result of a decrease in membrane potential which altered the relative effectiveness of the excitatory and inhibitory inputs. The large, bitufted fusiform cells had many apical dendrites, which branched one to five times and were covered with spines, and fewer basal dendrites, which exhibited little branching and had few appendages. The morphology of fusiform cells varied systematically as a function of location within the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Response patterns for tone pips were not exclusive to individual cell types as two nonfusiform cells were found to exhibit a buildup pattern. Axons of injected neurons left the nucleus via the dorsal acoustic stria and 14 of 15 had collaterals within the dorsal cochlear nucleus.
Narrative “Braiding” and the Role of Public Officials in Transforming the Public’s Conflicts

Deliberative processes should enable public officials to stay connected to the changing needs and interests of the communities for whom and with whom they work. Theoretically, these practices should enable public officials to help citizens negotiate with each other, and with the government, problem-solving in a way that produces timely solutions to the kinds of wicked problems that are critical to governing in the globalized context where media sensationalizes divisions that create the Us as different from Them. Theoretically, these practices should enable public officials to foster a quality of relationships within a community that supports the community to learn about itself, to become a reflecting community (Laws, 2010). However, it is all too often the case that these practices enact the form of engagement only, without significantly altering the nature of relationships or the (his)stories that are the comet tail of wicked problems. This paper offers a narrative lens on deliberation, describing a practice called braiding, which would allow public officials to weave together the storylines and the identities that anchor them, creating the conditions for public deliberation that could actually transform the publics conflicts.
Nursing Faculty Roles in International Service–Learning Projects

The purpose of this article is to describe faculty roles related to the design and implementation of an international nursing service–learning project. The impetus for this project was the 2008 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) recommendations for using service–learning and immersion of students in diverse communities to improve nursing education in the area of cultural competency (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2008a). We define service–learning as a learning experience engaging students in meeting community needs in an international setting so as to offer a different perspective into community health practices and to promote cultural competency. Based on our experience with service–learning, we identified four faculty roles in developing these types of projects. We define these roles as initiator, collaborator, facilitator, and advocate. This article will discuss the application of these faculty roles in developing service–learning opportunities with students.
Simultaneous wind and rain retrieval for ERS scatterometer measurements

Using collocated ESCAT, TRMM PR, and ECMWF data, the effects of rain on the ESCAT wind-only retrieval has been evaluated. For high incidence angle measurements, the additional scattering of rain causes estimated wind speeds to appear higher than expected. It is also noted that the selected directions of the rain-corrupted wind vectors generally point along swath in heavy rain, regardless of the true wind. A simultaneous wind/rain retrieval method (SWRR) is developed using a simple wind/rain backscatter model. Validation shows that SWRR method significantly improves the wind vector estimates at high incidence angles in heavy rain cases. It also provides an estimate of the surface rain rate.
Formal Constraints on Metarules

Metagrammatical formalisms that combine context-free phrase structure rules and metarules (MPS grammars) allow concise statement of generalizations about the syntax of natural languages. Unconstrained MPS grammars, unfortunately, are not computationally "safe." We evaluate several proposals for constraining them, basing our assessment on computational tractability and explanatory adequacy. We show that none of them satisfies both criteria, and suggest new directions for research on alternative metagrammatical formalisms.
Synthesis of A 1,1′-Binaphthyl Based Main Chain Chiral Conjugated Polymer

The synthesis and characterization of a 1,1′-binaphthyl based main chain chiral conjugated polymer, R-9, is described. The polymer is prepared from the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling of an optically active binaphthyl molecule, (R)-2,2′-dihexyloxy-1,1′-binaphthyl-6,6′- diboronic acid, R-4 with 1,4-bis(p-bromostyryl)benzene (E:Z = 1:1.2), 8. The Suzuki coupling of 8 with 6-neopentyloxynaphthyl-2-boronic acid, 1 1, leads to the formation of a conjugated molecule 10. The structure of this molecule represents the repeat unit of R-9. The electronic absorption spectrum of 10 demonstrates that the degree of conjugation in the chiral conjugated polymer is almost the same as that of its repeat unit.
Reactions of solid particles with nonuinform distribution of solid reactant: The volume reaction model

Abstract The effect of non-uniform solid reactant distribution on conversion of solid particles in gas-solid reactions is analyzed based on the volume reaction model. Certain special features of such systems are pointed out. The possibility of ash layer formation in the kinetically controlled regime is discussed. Conditions leading to single or double ash layer formation, both at the center and surface of the particle, in the intermediate regime of diffusion with simultaneous reaction are described. Detailed mathematical equations which are useful for calculation of the conversion-time relationship for particles with non-uniform solid reactant distribution are presented. Comparison is made to reaction of uniform particles and differences in required reaction time for desired conversion are outlined.
Navigation for everyday life

Past work in navigation has worked toward the goal of producing an accurate map of the environment. While no one can deny the usefulness of such a map, the ideal of producing a complete map becomes unrealistic when an agent is faced with performing real tasks. And yet an agent accomplishing recurring tasks should navigate more efficiently as time goes by. We present a system which integrates navigation, planning, and vision. In this view, navigation supports the needs of a larger system as opposed to being a task in its own right. Whereas previous approaches assume an unknown and unstructured environment, we assume a structured environment whose organization is known, but whose specifics are unknown. The system is endowed with a wide range of visual capabilities as well as search plans for informed exploration of a simulated store constructed from real visual data. We demonstrate the agent finding items while mapping the world. In repeatedly retrieving items, the agent's performance improves as the learned map becomes more useful.
Ethanolamine Kinase Activity in Purified Myelin of Rat Brain

Highly purified rat brain myelin showed a significant level of ethanolamine kinase, amounting to 17% of the specific activity of whole brain homogenate. This kinase level in myelin was an order of magnitude higher than that of lactate dehydrogenase, a marker for cytosol. Subcellular distribution studies revealed that in addition to myelin, this kinase was present in the P1, P2, P3, and cytosolic fractions with highest relative specific activity in the latter. The possibility that myelin activity resulted from adsorption of the soluble enzyme was unlikely since activity was retained in myelin that had been washed with buffered sodium chloride or taurocholate. Mixing experiments and repeated purification further indicated that the enzyme is intrinsic to myelin. Kinetic studies indicated similar Km values for ethanolamine in the microsomal, cytosolic, and myelin fractions but a significantly lower apparent Km for ATP in myelin. This and other differences suggested the possible existence of isozymes. Establishment of the presence of this kinase completes the list of phospholipid synthesizing enzymes needed to synthesize phosphatidylethanolamine from diacylglycerol within the myelin membrane.
Estimating steady state mean from short transient simulations

This paper presents a new approach to estimating and constructing confidence intervals for the steady state mean of a stochastic process from short simulations which may exhibit significant transient response. Specifically, we examine the conditional least squares estimator for the mean of an autoregressive process. If the process is autoregressive with normal innovations, this estimator is the conditional maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the mean. We show that the MLE is asymptotically normal, and derive a finite-sample approximation to its distribution. This provides the basis for two asymptotically valid single-replication confidence intervals which do not require choosing a batch size. As a point estimator, the MLE is a generalization of the estimator due to Snell and Schruben (1984) and is related to the weighted batch mean (Bischak, Kelton, and Pollock, 1993). Empirical results for a queuing network show that the autoregressive process is a reasonable model of transient response. For short series with reasonable initializations (e.g., empty and idle), the MLE yields confidence inter vals which are comparable or superior to those of existing procedures, in both single and parallel replication simulations.
Wireless Site-Network for Construction: A Win-Win Strategy for GCs

The disintegration and asynchronous resource flow causes problems in process performance, scheduling, and is responsible for large amounts of wasted resources. This paper discusses the opportunities of a site-based web-site that serves as the central hub for real-time communication, monitoring, and control of critical resources in construction. Such a web-site offers opportunities that go far beyond the well known WebCam. The paper lists a series of applications that have been tested at construction sites in Raleigh, North Carolina. In addition to helping contractors plan and control the resource flow in real time the site-web-site serves also as a tool to: a) create daily reports electronically, b) solve problems that require the input of various experts, c) inspect quality, d) measure and improve productivity, e) automate on-site-security, f) communicate with on-site equipment, and g) create as-builts automatically. It is felt that the key obstacle to implementing a site-web-site is the competitive nature of construction which discourages openness and information sharing. This paper presents a strategy which could be used to establish a framework for assessing the economic benefits of creating collaborative relationships between general contractors, sub-contractors, suppliers, etc. This strategy is founded on game theory and value sharing.
Anandamide-induced vasorelaxation in rabbit aortic rings has two components: G protein dependent and independent.

The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide) produces vasorelaxation in different vascular beds. In the present study, we found that anandamide and a metabolically stable analog,...
Repeatability and comparability of corneal power and corneal astigmatism obtained from a point-source color light-emitting diode topographer, a Placido-based corneal topographer, and a low-coherence reflectometer.

Purpose To assess the repeatability and agreement of corneal power and astigmatism obtained from the Cassini point-source color light–emitting diode (LED) topographer, Humphrey Atlas 9000 Placido–based corneal topographer, and Lenstar LS-900 low-coherence reflectometer in normal eyes. Setting Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. Design Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology. Methods Consecutively enrolled patients with normal corneas were enrolled. Three sets of measurements were obtained using the color-LED topographer, the Placido topographer, and the reflectometer. Vector analysis was used in the astigmatism analysis. The repeatability was evaluated using the within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was verified using Bland-Altman plots. The paired Student t test was used to assess statistical significance. Results Thirty-two eyes (32 patients) were evaluated. All devices provided highly repeatable corneal power and astigmatism measurements (ICC > 0.9) except for the Placido topographer with regard to J45 (ICC = 0.721). The color-LED topographer and the reflectometer obtained similar mean values of corneal power, astigmatism magnitude, J0, and J45 ( P > .05), which was also true when comparing the color-LED topographer and the Placido topographer, except for the mean corneal power ( P = .0007). The Bland-Altman plots showed a wide data spread for all analyzed variables. Conclusions The color-LED topographer provided highly repeatable corneal power and astigmatism measurements. Even though it obtained values similar to those of the reflectometer and the Placido topographer, the wide data spread discourages their interchangeable use to assess corneal power and astigmatism. Financial Disclosure Drs. Wang, Koch, and Weikert are consultants to Ziemer USA, Inc. Dr. Koch is a consultant to Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Alcon Surgical, Inc., and i-Optics, Corp. Drs. Ventura and Al-Mohtaseb have no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Pokeweed Mitogen Response of Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Fine Structural Study

The in vitro response of lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was diminished and/or delayed. Electron microscopy of PWM stimulated CLL lymphocytes revealed both PHA-type blast cells and plasmacytoid cells. Some PHA-type blast cells were indistinguishable from corresponding normal cells. However, many transformed cells had a reduced cell, cytoplasmic, and nuclear area in comparison to transformed lymphocytes from normal individuals. In 7- and 9-day cultures, 5-10% of the cells present were plasmacytoid. No ultrastructural differences were observed between the plasmacytoid cells in PWM stimulated cultures of normal and CLL lymphocytes. The findings support the concept that the circulating lymphocyte population in CLL is comprised predominantly of abnormal cells, in addition to a small number of normal T and B lymphocytes.
Analysis of Vertical Rolling Force with GM Yield Criterion and Anti-Symmetric Parabola Dog-Bone Shapes

Vertical rolling is a vital method for width control in rolling, which has its own deformation characteristic. During the processing, plastic deformation does not go further into center of slab, only in edge where the deformation will be occurred. In this paper, an anti-symmetric parabola is creatively used to describe dog-bone shape and innovatively applied to establish a knematically admissible continuous velocity field for vertical rolling. Based on this field, an analytical form of total deformation power is obtained which is a function of reduction geometric parameters, and friction factor m, as well as parameter of A which is to be determined. With minimization of total power results in rolling forces and torque calculated by this new method is obtained. Copper and aluminum experiments conducted by S.-E.Lundberg are used to verified the results calculated by formula in present paper and compared with those by Lundberg and Duckjoongs’ models. The error is no more than 13%, (average error 7%).
The Effect of Adaptive Organizational Culture on Long-Term Survival

Organizational culture is a critical resource for organizations to adapt to dynamic environments and to survive in the long term. Unfortunately, a lack of clarity exists in the conceptualization of adaptive cultures and little empirical research investigates its impact on survival. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was twofold: (1) to identify, define, and develop a measure of adaptive organizational culture and (2) to demonstrate the effect of adaptive culture on organizational survival. An adaptive culture rating scale was developed based on a review of the existing literature. Ninety-five organizations founded prior to 1940 were rated on nine characteristics of adaptive culture. Ratings were used to predict likelihood to survive using a Cox regression with proportional hazards survival analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two broad factors of adaptive culture, values toward change and action-orientation. Findings indicate organizations with adaptive cultures were more likely to survive. The present effort provided evidence that culture can serve as an adaptive mechanism with effects spanning decades. Leaders should focus on establishing adaptive cultural norms and values in order to increase chances of surviving. This is one of the first historiometric studies to develop and utilize a measure of adaptive culture. Further, this study looked at the impact of adaptive culture on long-term organizational outcomes using survival analysis, a statistical technique not often employed in the organizational literature.
Redefining Archival Identity: Meeting User Needs in the Information Society

In order to avoid becoming irrelevant in the modern information society, archivists must redefine their professional identity and role in society, learn new planning and marketing skills, and establish the importance of archives in meeting user needs. Responding to initiatives launched by the SAA Task Force on Archives and Society, the author argues that archivists should adopt a more user-friendly approach to marketing their services. Marketing differs from public relations and selling products by focusing on customers and their needs. Altering the profession's image requires that individual archivists redefine their own self-image, attitudes, and procedures.
A field study of human factors and vehicle performance associated with PHEV adaptation

Smart-grid and electric-vehicle technologies are rapidly diffusing, yet important policy implications remain to be fully analyzed. This multi-year field study sought to fill part of this gap by exploring human adaptation to plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) performance and vehicle charging in smart-grid environments. Homes were equipped with smart meters in a smart-grid experiment conducted by the local utility. Study households were organized by either standard or time-of-use electricity pricing, and randomly assigned to “managed” or “unmanaged” charging scenarios. Using a mixed-methods approach, study data were collected through vehicle data loggers, smart-plugs interviews, and questionnaires. The paper describes vehicle operations and performance; the ways in which households managed PHEV charging; and the manner in which they responded to smart-grid, smart-plug, and dashboard feedback. Findings indicate that households actively managed PHEV charging; however, they preferred flexible charging scenarios. Charging-management decisions were influenced by electricity-pricing. Online feedback on household- and vehicle-electricity consumption was generally ignored, but drivers responded to dashboard feedback as they drove. These results provide empirical bases for government and corporate policymakers to improve policy decisions relative to PHEV impacts on electricity loads, design of smart-grid feedback, and design of charging infrastructures.
Review of A Significant Text in Calculus

(1910). Review of A Significant Text in Calculus. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 113-115.
(r) we there yet? The change to rhoticity in New York City English

Labov (1966, 1972b) described the variable production of coda /r/ in New York City English (NYCE) as a change in progress from above in the direction of rhoticity. Since then, scholars have commented on the slow rate of change toward rhoticity in NYCE and characterized (r) as a superposed feature restricted to formal speech (Fowler, 1987; Labov, 1994; Labov, Ash, & Boberg, 2006). This study's ethnically diverse sample of speakers from the Lower East Side of Manhattan (n = 65) shows a mean rate of /r/ production of 68%, with young people, women, and middle-class speakers leading in the production of /r/ in apparent time. Speakers from five ethnic backgrounds—African American, Chinese, Jewish, Puerto Rican, and white—show coherence for the internal constraints on variable nonrhoticity. However, only Chinese, Jewish, and white speakers participate in the change toward rhoticity. These findings highlight the role of ethnicity in patterns of variation and change and demonstrate that the change toward rhoticity in NYCE has accelerated and is no longer restricted to formal speech.
Power Grid Security Index Calculation and Display Method Based on AHP and Variable Weight Mechanism

With the increase of power grid security indexes,the dispatchers ability to harness the grid is extremely limited.It is very necessary to use a comprehensive index to characterize the security states of the power grid.Thus,a method of power grid security index calculation and display based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and variable weight mechanism is proposed.Based on several power grid security basic indexes,a calculating method considering dimension consistency,index structure rationality and electrical device differentiation,is proposed,and1"of all the indexes is unified as the gap between safety and unsafety.The analytic hierarchy process and three mechanisms of weighting correction are used to determine index weights and aggregated into the comprehensive index.Besides,a method for dividing the operation security levels is presented and the display methods of power grid security index are also given.Numerical simulations are conducted in a certain power grid,the results showing that the proposed index of power system security is able to reflect the real-time statement of grid security and identify the fault with the system.Therefore,it is applicable to the modern dispatching system for watching power system security.
Transforming properties of the leukemic inv(16) fusion gene CBFB-MYH11.

A characteristic pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(l6)(p13q22)] is consistently associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia (AML M4Eo). This type of leukemia comprises 8% of AML cases and affects approximately 2,000 people each year in the United States. In addition to inv(l6), a number of other unique features are associated with AML M4Eo, including the presence of morphologically and histochemically abnormal eosinophils, a relatively good prognosis, and possibly frequent involvement of the central nervous system (for review see Liu etal. 1995)
Did Michelangelo Have Gout

Michelangelo, the great Renaissance artist, is often included on lists of celebrated gout patients. His letters describe a single acute attack of foot pain at the age of 80, but a case for early onset has been presented, based on a fresco by a contemporary artist, Raphael. A figure resembling Michelangelo at the age of 36 appears to have nodules resembling tophi over his knees.In this report, we review Michelangelo's medical history, discuss the proposal that he had tophaceous gout, and address the significance of "knobby" knees in his works and those of other artists.
Middle School Children’s Mathematical Reasoning and Proving Schemes

In this work we explored proof schemes used by 41 middle school students when confronted with four mathematical propositions that demanded verification of accuracy of statements. The students’ perc...
Near-infrared fluorescent aza-BODIPY dye-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for optical cancer imaging

Nanoparticles are being readily investigated as carriers for the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents for the detection, monitoring, and treatment of cancer and other diseases. In the present work, the preparation of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles loaded with a near-infrared fluorescent aza-boron dipyrromethene (NIR-BODIPY) derivative, and their use as contrast agents for optical imaging in cancer are described. Nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation of amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol). The size, morphology, dye loading, spectral properties, quantum yield, cytocompatibility, and in vitro NIR imaging potential of the nanoparticles in breast and ovarian cancer cells were evaluated. Spherical nanoparticles of 30–70 nm in diameter were loaded with 0.73 w/w% BODIPY derivative. At this loading, the dye presented a fluorescence quantum yield in the same order of magnitude as in solution. Nanoparticle suspensions at concentrations up to 580 μg/mL were cytocompatible to breast (MDA-MB-231) and ovarian (SKOV-3 and Caov-3) cancer cells after a four-hour incubation period. Fluorescence microscopy images demonstrated the ability of the nanoparticles to act as imaging agents in all three cell lines in as little as 1 hour. The results shown indicate the potential of these NIR-BODIPY-loaded nanoparticles as contrast agents for near-infrared optical imaging in cancer.
Towards Reliability-Based Decision Making in Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems with a tight integration between the computational (also referred to as software or cyber) and physical (hardware) components. While the reliability evaluation of physical systems is well-understood and well-studied, reliability evaluation of CPS is difficult because software systems do not degrade and follow a well-defined failure model like physical systems. In this paper, we propose a framework for formulating the CPS reliability evaluation as a dependence problem derived from the software component dependences, functional requirements and physical system dependences. We also consider sensor failures, and propose a method for estimating software failures in terms of associated hardware and software inputs. This framework is codified in a domain-specific modeling language, where every system-level function is mapped to a set of required components using functional decomposition and function-component association; this provides details about operational constraints and dependences. We also illustrate how the encoded information can be used to make reconfiguration decisions at runtime. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a smart parking system, which provides localization and guidance for parking within indoor environments.
Infectious Diseases and the Criminal Justice System

The United States leads the world in incarceration, which disproportionately affects disadvantaged individuals, including those who are mentally ill, poor, homeless and racial minorities. Incarceration is disruptive to families and communities and contributes to health disparities in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this grand rounds is to review (1) the epidemiology of incarceration in the United States, (2) the social factors which contribute to high rates of STIs in incarcerated individuals and (3) the HIV care cascade in incarcerated and recently released individuals. Routine screening and treatment for STIs and HIV in the criminal justice system can identify many new infections and has the potential to both improve individual outcomes and reduce transmission to others. Increased collaboration between the department of health and department of corrections, as well as partnerships between academic institutions and the criminal justice system, have the potential to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Discussion: Economic Impacts of Development Policies and Programs

Let me first congratulate the authors upon casting fresh light into some dark corners of this subject. Professors Houston and Tiebout chose to concentrate on the impact of ARA-EDA. The latter program has an explicit appropriation of $760 million annually. Professor Bonnen has indicated that these programs account for less than one-fifth of what might reasonably be classified as federal expenditures authorized for economic development programs. Ignoring the Appalachian Regional Development Act does not affect the analysis presented, but eliminating all the Poverty, the Vocational Education, and the Manpower Retraining programs hardly offers, in my judgment, a "fair representation" of development policies and programs. We can sympathize with the need for specialization in a commendably brief paper, so a change in title to "regional" or "spatially specific" development programs is suggested. The eliminated educational and training programs are likely to be among the most useful for labor mobility and income redistribution and growth, even though they are not typical of Musgrave's branch policies.' The paper starts where any policy analysis should-but seldom does-on the normative criteria for such programs. The assumption that market forces can be relied on completely to accomplish reallocation and thus redistribution in the dynamic structure of a growing economy, providing only that there is enough aggregate demand, is too cautiously rejected.
When Tricks Are Not Treats: Cheerleading and Negligence

The plaintiff took legal action against her university and the Universal Cheerleader Association due to suffering injuries as a result of her spotters failing to catch her properly after an aerial stunt.
Factorized point process intensities: a spatial analysis of professional

We develop a machine learning approach to represent and analyze the underlying spatial structure that governs shot selection among professional basketball players in the NBA. Typically, NBA players are discussed and compared in an heuristic, imprecise manner that relies on unmeasured intuitions about player behavior. This makes it difficult to draw comparisons between players and make accurate player specific predictions. Modeling shot attempt data as a point process, we create a low dimensional representation of offensive player types in the NBA. Using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), an unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique, we show that a low-rank spatial decomposition summarizes the shooting habits of NBA players. The spatial representations discovered by the algorithm correspond to intuitive descriptions of NBA player types, and can be used to model other spatial effects, such as shooting accuracy.
Influence of side chain linker length on ion-transport properties of polymeric ionic liquids

We used atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study the properties of polymerized 1-alkene-3-butylimidazolium-hexafluorophosphate, a polymerized ionic liquid electrolyte, and characterized the influence of the linear alkene length on the mobility of the hexafluorophosphate ions. Consistent with experimental observations, our simulations indicate that as the alkene length increases, the diffusivity of hexafluorophosphate anion monotonically increases. We demonstrate that such a trend arises from the influence of linker segments on the intermolecular ion hopping rates, which is in turn modulated by intermolecular cationic separation distances. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 00, 000–000
The dynamics of immunoglobulin V-gene usage and clonotype expansion in mice after prime and boost immunizations as analyzed by NGS.

In the current study, an improved NGS approach was developed to study the B-cell repertoire evolution in a simple mouse immunization model including only two DNA immunizations. The combination of 5...
Focus on Student Success: Components for Effective Summer Bridge Programs.

Using research focused on best practices, focus group information, and data analytics, the Title V: Focus on Student Success (FOSS) Grant created a model for the development, implementation, and evaluation of a summer bridge program. Results included increased academic performance indicators in first-year Hispanic college students. Validation for this work is based on 4 years of data at Laredo Community College, a 2-year public Hispanic Serving Community College along the Texas (United States)–Mexico border.
International Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade

This article compares German Holocaust reparations with reparations regarding slavery and the slave trade in the United States and beyond. I review many historical reparations measures (proposed an...
Identifica las debilidades de los personajes, Doctor House

When I first started writing the pilot, it wasn't completely clear in my mind who this character was—although it became clear fairly quickly. I feel strongly that the character is only as strong as the challenges presented to him. So a detective who solves a really obvious murder is not really a detective. It was important to me that you'd have these extremely challenging mysteries, but it was also important that the characters around him be challenging...
Die Verteilung der Nebel

Die raumliche Verteilung der Nebel, wie auch ihre Klassifizierung, kann im wesentlichen ohne Kenntnis der wirklichen Entfernungen untersucht werden. Die Verteilung im Raum wird aus umfangreichen Durchmusterungen hergeleitet. Die wesentlichen Zahlengrundlagen sind die Anzahlen der Nebel, die heller als verschiedene bestimmte Grenzen der scheinbaren Helligkeit sind. Wenn diese Grenzen zu kleineren Helligkeiten fortschreiten — wenn also die Durchmusterung in immer grosere Tiefen des Raumes vordringt — so nehmen die Nebelzahlen schnell zu, und die allgemeinen Zoge der Verteilung treten immer klarer zutage. Durchmusterungen bis zu einer einzigen Grenzgrose geben die Verteilung uber den Himmel, wahrend die Verteilung in der Tiefe durch die vergleichenden Durchmusterungen bis zu verschiedenen Grenzen gefunden wird. Es sind uns also zwei Probleme gestellt, und die wirklich wesentlichen Ergebnisse werden bei den sehr schwachen Grenzgrosen gewonnen, die die grosten Nebelzahlen liefern.
Genome Sequence Databases: Genomic, Construction of Libraries

A genomic library is a collection of overlapping segments of genomic DNA, cloned into a backbone vector, which statistically includes all regions of the genome of an organism. The resulting cloned DNA is then transformed into a suitable host cell line. Construction of a genomic library is an important initial step in many genetic studies or in the isolation and cloning of genes from an organism. Screening of genomic libraries has been useful in identifying genes of interest to the medical field and the biotechnology industry as well as in finding genes related to particular cellular functions. Additionally, creating a representative genomic library of an organism is a prerequisite for genomic mapping or complete genome sequencing. The success of a study involving genomic libraries is dependent upon the quality and features of the library. These features typically include the vector backbone used, the size of the genomic DNA insert, and the number of recombinant clones contained within the library.
Charismatic Leadership Studies- Past, Present and Future: Theorizing the Potential of Charismatic Rhetoric Research in Doctor of Education Programs.

This theoretical review examines selected literature concerning charismatic leadership theory. It starts with an introduction of Max Weber’s (1947) groundbreaking application of the term “charisma” in the field of Social Sciences. Subsequently, it presents a research table, chronologically organized reflecting significant articles that highlight traits and historical developments of the charismatic leadership theory. Next, beginning with Weber’s (1947) seminal article, this literature review discusses how the construct of charismatic leadership has advanced over the years. The examination largely concludes with a discussion of the current state of charismatic leadership, and a call for future studies to address charismatic rhetoric research in doctor of education programs.
Atomically resolved domain boundary structure in lead zirconate-based antiferroelectrics

Domain boundary (DB) structures are of great importance for understanding the structure-property relationship in many ferroic crystals. Here, we present atomically resolved DB configurations in PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric ceramics. The Pb-cation displacement relative to B-site cations is precisely determined using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. We find that 90° DBs in undoped PbZrO3 can be as thin as one primitive cell of the perovskite structure, often appearing curved or zigzagged due to the complex dipole arrangement. In a chemically modified composition, Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.57Sn0.43)0.95Ti0.05]0.98O3, in which incommensurate modulations are present, the DB has a typical thickness of at least two primitive cells, with more or less aligned dipole moments. Our findings provide insights into establishing the structure-property relationship in antiferroelectrics, shedding light on the design and fabrication of domain-boundary electronics.
Mid-Century Education Reform and the Character of Citizens

Amid the movement to address perceived problems in American education, some reformers have turned to the notion of character building. Character training is education is reminiscent of an earlier effort to shape the development of youth. Life adjustment education, a mid-twentieth century reform movement intended to infuse the curriculum with practical life skills, with a goal of preparing youth to fulfill their role as citizens. Life adjustment education has often been characterized as a failed movement, resulting in as much controversy as many current reforms. This article argues that character training in life adjustment education materials reveal a connection to citizenship that is lost in its modern iteration. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
Estimating Mass Distribution of Articulated Objects using Non-prehensile Manipulation

We explore the problem of estimating the mass distribution of an articulated object by an interactive robotic agent. Our method predicts the mass distribution of an object by using the limited sensing and actuating capabilities of a robotic agent that is interacting with the object. We are inspired by the role of exploratory play in human infants. We take the combined approach of supervised and reinforcement learning to train an agent that learns to strategically interact with the object to estimate the object's mass distribution. Our method consists of two neural networks: (i) the policy network which decides how to interact with the object, and (ii) the predictor network that estimates the mass distribution given a history of observations and interactions. Using our method, we train a robotic arm to estimate the mass distribution of an object with moving parts (e.g. an articulated rigid body system) by pushing it on a surface with unknown friction properties. We also demonstrate how our training from simulations can be transferred to real hardware using a small amount of real-world data for fine-tuning. We use a UR10 robot to interact with 3D printed articulated chains with varying mass distributions and show that our method significantly outperforms the baseline system that uses random pushes to interact with the object.
Emerging 5-HT receptor antagonists for the treatment of Schizophrenia.

While antipsychotics have been generally successful in treating psychosis in schizophrenia, there is a major treatment gap for negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Given that these aspects of ...
Culture and earnings quality in cross-border acquisitions

This paper examines the effect of culture on earnings quality following cross-border acquisitions using a sample of US public firms acquiring foreign firms. We find that, in general, the earnings quality of the US acquirer declines during the post-acquisition period in a cross-border acquisition of a foreign firm. In addition, we find that the culture of the foreign target impacts the earnings quality of the US acquirer during the post-acquisition period. Using the Hofstede's (1980) cultural dimensions, we specifically find that the degree of individualism and uncertainty avoidance prevalent within the target nation impact the earnings quality of the US acquirer.
Sonographic measures and sensory threshold of the normal sciatic nerve and hamstring muscles

The sciatic nerve innervates the hamstring muscles. Occasionally, the sciatic nerve is injured along with a hamstring muscle. Detailed biomechanical and sensory thresholds of these structures are not well-characterized. Therefore, we designed a prospective study that explored high-resolution ultrasound (US) at multiple sites to evaluate properties of the sciatic nerve, including cross-sectional area (CSA) and shear-wave elastography (SWE). We also assessed SWE of each hamstring muscle at multiple sites. Mechanical algometry was obtained from the sciatic nerve and hamstring muscles to assess multi-site pressure pain threshold (PPT). Seventy-nine asymptomatic sciatic nerves and 147 hamstring muscles (25 males, 24 females) aged 18–50 years were evaluated. One chiropractic radiologist with 4.5 years of US experience performed the evaluations. Sciatic nerves were sampled along the posterior thigh at four sites obtaining CSA, SWE, and algometry. All three hamstring muscles were sampled at two sites utilizing SWE and algometry. Descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA, and rater reliability were assessed for data analysis with p ≤ 0.05. A significant decrease in sciatic CSA from proximal to distal was correlated with increasing BMI (p < 0.001). Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for CSA was moderate and poor, respectively. Elastographic values significantly increased from proximal to distal with significant differences in gender and BMI (p = 0.002). Sciatic PPT significantly decreased between sites 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 1 and 4. Significant correlation between gender and PPT was noted as well as BMI (p < 0.001). Hamstring muscle elastographic values significantly differed between biceps femoris and semitendinosus (p < 0.001) and biceps femoris and semimembranosus (p < 0.001). All three hamstring muscles demonstrated increased PPT in males compared to females (p < 0.001). In addition, PPT of the biceps femoris correlated with BMI (p = 0.02). High-resolution US provided useful metrics of sciatic nerve size and biomechanical properties. PPT for the normal sciatic nerve and hamstring muscles was obtained for future clinical application.