cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fracture Appearance of Steels in Transition: Experimental Observations and Measurements

Measuring the shear fracture appearance (SFA) of steel in the ductile-to-brittle transition region is challenging, largely because many modern steels have complicated mixtures of brittle and ductile fracture features that the carbon steels used to develop SFA measurements did not possess. Features of Charpy impact specimen fracture surfaces for nine different steels are reported here. The mixtures of ductile and brittle fracture surface features observed in the transition regions of these steels are presented in context with their instrumented impact data and fractographs illustrating the SFA measurements. The study then discusses the accuracy of the SFA measurements and suggests ways to improve them. These data can be used for future work focused on improving SFA measurements and will be of use to engineers interested in the ductile-to-brittle transition in steel and the fracture surface features related to it.
Multicriterion Design of High-Productivity Systems

Further developments on de novo approach to linear programming and its multiobjective versions is being reported. First, optimal design of systems, rather than optimizing with respect to a given system, is introduced. Duality theory and shadow prices are explored and their unreliable use in traditional LP noted. A multicriterion optimal design for high-productivity system is demonstrated in terms of making an ideal solution feasible. The problem of choosing an optimal systems, rather than choosing an alternative from a given system, is introduced into MCDM; the expanded concept of optimality is shortly discussed. Two algorithms for efficient solving of large-scale LP problems characterized by mixed hard and soft constraints (including both extremes) are presented: External Reconstruction Approach (ERA) and Invariant Cone Method (ICM). Numerical examples are given throughout the paper.
Sterically hindered silyl perchlorates: synthetic and mechanistic studies

Sterically hindered silyl perchlorates were initially examined in hopes of finding evidence of a trivalent cationic silicon species or silylenium ion. Although our studies failed to uncover solid evidence of ionization, it was dis­ covered that these compounds had unique synthetic potential as silylating agents. All silyl perchlorates examined to date have been found to be highly reactive, relative to their halogenide counterparts, toward nucleophilic agents. t^Butyldimethylsilyl perchlorate offers a significant improvement over the widely used t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in that it reacts readily with tertiary alcohols. The di-tbutylmethylsilyl moity, a heretofore unknown alcohol blocking group, was also examined and found to be dramatically more resistant to acidic and basic solvolysis than the t^butyldimethylsilyl group. The route to prepare the tri-t^butylsilylperchlorate, although successful, was found to be too arduous for the group to be of any synthetic utility in the pro­ tection of alcohols. Silyl perchlorates were found to react readily with carbanions. Di-t-butylfluorenyl silane prepared in this manner was used as a precursor to a sterically and electronically stabilized silene; however, attempts to effect the conversion failed. The reaction of silyl perchlorates with carbanions is of limited utility in the synthesis of sterically hindered
The RNA Interference Pathway in Trypanosoma brucei

In most eukaryotic cells, expression or delivery of long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) signals the presence of foreign and/or potentially dangerous nucleic acids, such as viruses or transcripts derived from retroposons and transposons. As a consequence cells go on red alert and activate specific defense mechanisms to eliminate the invaders. Among such mechanisms is the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, which is triggered by long dsRNAs, destroys target transcripts in a sequence-specific manner, and is widespread throughout eukaryotic evolution. Here we summarize our current understanding of the RNAi mechanism in Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite and early divergent eukaryote, and highlight similarities and differences with the RNAi machinery and its function in higher eukaryotes.
Moving beyond Boycotts: Strategies for Shared Responsibility in the Collegiate Apparel Industry.

The 2013 factory collapse at Rana Plaza in Bangladesh is a painful reminder that labor issues in the apparel industry are abundant and troubling. Catholic colleges and universities (CCUs) are confronted with the reality that many apparel manufacturers can operate in stark contrast to the vision of economic justice found in Catholic social thought (CST). In response, activists on CCU campuses have demanded that CCUs boycott apparel manufacturers that they believe to be in violation of their school’s values. While activism can draw much-needed attention to problems in the industry, it can be a problematic response. While CST offers principles of economic justice, it does not offer a blueprint for managing a supply chain, running a company, or buying goods. This paper identifies five strategies for CCUs to exercise moral responsibility in the apparel industry: protest, boycott, develop market capacity, develop management capacity, and develop capacity for systemic change.
Sigma-2 Receptor/TMEM97 and PGRMC-1 Increase the Rate of Internalization of LDL by LDL Receptor through the Formation of a Ternary Complex

CRISPR/Cas gene studies were conducted in HeLa cells where either PGRMC1, TMEM97 or both proteins were removed via gene editing. A series of radioligand binding studies, confocal microscopy studies, and internalization of radiolabeled or fluorescently tagged LDL particles were then conducted in these cells. The results indicate that PGRMC1 knockout (KO) did not reduce the density of binding sites for the sigma-2 receptor (σ2R) radioligands, [125I]RHM-4 or [3H]DTG, but a reduction in the receptor affinity of both radioligands was observed. TMEM97 KO resulted in a complete loss of binding of [125I]RHM-4 and a significant reduction in binding of [3H]DTG. TMEM97 KO and PGRMC1 KO resulted in an equal reduction in the rate of uptake of fluorescently-tagged or 3H-labeled LDL, and knocking out both proteins did not result in a further rate of reduction of LDL uptake. Confocal microscopy and Proximity Ligation Assay studies indicated a clear co-localization of LDLR, PGRMC1 and TMEM97. These data indicate that the formation of a ternary complex of LDLR-PGRMC1-TMEM97 is necessary for the rapid internalization of LDL by LDLR.
Does improvement in symptoms and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia reduce family caregiver burden

Abstract The longitudinal association of changes in clinical status among adults with schizophrenia and changes in family caregiver burden has not been demonstrated. Using data from the NIMH-funded CATIE schizophrenia trial (n = 446 family caregivers), we examined the association of changes in patient symptoms and quality of life with changes in measures of family caregiver burden. Clinical changes in patient symptoms and quality of life were not significantly associated with changes in family caregiver burden. The weak association likely reflects that small clinical changes in chronically ill adults are insufficient to affect long established experiences of burden.
Abstract NS3: Engaging Nursing Students in Stroke Research & Practice

Problem & Background: Residents of an urban, ethnically & racial diverse & resource-limited community where the college of nursing is located are at high risk for stroke. Recognizing this as a majo...
How to Combine Fast Heuristic Markov Chain Monte Carlo with Slow Exact Sampling

Use each of n exact samples as the initial state for a MCMC sampler run for m steps. We give confidence intervals for accuracy of estimators which are always valid and which, in certain settings, are almost as good as the intervals one would obtain if the (unknown) mixing time of the chain were known.
UVRAG in autophagy, inflammation, and cancer

Macroautophagy/autophagy deregulation has been observed in perpetuated inflammation and the proliferation of tumor cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes have yet to be well-identified. UVRAG is one of the key players of autophagy, but its role in vivo remained puzzling. Our recent study utilized a mouse model with inducible expression of a cancer-derived frameshift (FS) mutation in UVRAG that dominant-negatively inhibits wild-type UVRAG, resulting in impaired stimulus-induced autophagy. The systemically compromised autophagy, particularly mitophagy, notably increases inflammation and associated pathologies. Furthermore, our discovery indicates that time-dependent autophagy suppression and ensuing CTNNB1/β-catenin activation may serve as one tumor-promoting mechanism underpinning age-related cancer susceptibility.
Studies in the History of Medicine in Iran

This, the author’s second study of medicine in Qajar Iran, complements his earlier volume, published in 2004 as Public Health in Qajar Iran. It does so by discussing a number of important issues le...
Hybrid nitrate selective resin (NSR-NanoZr) for simultaneous selective removal of nitrate and phosphate (or fluoride) from impaired water sources

Abstract Reverse osmosis (RO) has been increasingly applied in municipal wastewater reuse facilities. Nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) -laden reject streams from RO demand near-complete NP removal before inland brine disposal to avoid serious eutrophication effects. In addition, elevated nitrate and fluoride levels in groundwater is a threat to public drinking water safety. Selective removal of both nitrate and phosphate, or fluoride through a single adsorbent is promising because of its small footprints, minimum sludge production, and potential NP recovery. This study presents a new ion exchange adsorbent, NSR-NanoZr, for simultaneous selective removal of both nitrate and phosphate, or fluoride. NSR-NanoZr is fabricated by doping zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2-Nano) into a nitrate selective resin (NSR), which tributyl quaternary ammonium functional groups contribute to the nitrate selectivity and Lewis acid-base interactions between ZrO2-Nano and ligands result in the high affinity towards phosphate and fluoride. Lab-scale studies showed that NSR-NanoZr exhibited a completely reversal selectivity and removed both NP selectively from municipal secondary wastewater for multiple cycles. Synergistic application of a weak-acid cation exchanger (WAC) enhanced the phosphate capacity of NSR-NanoZr due to the amphoteric sorption behavior of the ZrO2-Nano. Field-scale studies demonstrated the potential of NSR-NanoZr in removing fluoride together with nitrate.
Abbe’s Theory of Image Formation in the Microscope

Abbe’s seminal theory of image formation in the microscope “Beitrage zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung” was published in Archiv fur mikroskopische Anatomie (Abbe, 1873a). Abbe developed a theory of image formation in the optical microscope that was based on the diffraction of light by the specimen and the subsequent formation of an image. Abbe’s theory introduced the concept of numerical aperture (NA) and the main factors that affect two-point resolution in the optical microscope (Abbe, 1882a, b). Earlier, in 1870 Abbe began his investigations into numerical aperture in the light microscope (Auerbach, 1918, 1922). These main factors are (1) the wavelength of illumination and (2) the numerical aperture of the microscope objective. If both these factors are known through measurements, then the two-point resolution of the optical microscope can be calculated (Abbe, 1873a).
Data-Driven Optimization for Police Beat Design in South Fulton, Georgia

We redesign the police patrol beat in South Fulton, Georgia, in collaboration with the South Fulton Police Department (SFPD), using a predictive data-driven optimization approach. Due to rapid urban development and population growth, the original police beat design done in the 1970s was far from efficient, which leads to low policing efficiency and long 911 call response time. We balance the police workload among different regions in the city, improve operational efficiency, and reduce 911 call response time by redesigning beat boundaries for the SFPD. We discretize the city into small geographical atoms, which correspond to our decision variables; the decision is to map the atoms into ``beats'', which are the basic unit of the police operation. We analyze workload and trend in each atom using the rich dataset for police incidents reports and U.S. census data and predict future police workload for each atom using spatial statistical regression models. Based on this, we formulate the optimal beat design as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) program with contiguity and compactness constraints on the shape of the beats. The optimization problem is solved using simulated annealing due to its large-scale and non-convex nature. Our resulted beat design can reduce workload variance by over 90\% according to our simulation. We redesign the police patrol beat in South Fulton, Georgia, in collaboration with the South Fulton Police Department (SFPD), using a predictive data-driven optimization approach.
The Public Health Gains Had Cigarette Companies Chosen to Sell Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes

Introduction The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed lowering the nicotine content of cigarettes to a minimally addictive level to increase smoking cessation and reduce initiation. This study has two aims: (1) to determine when cigarette manufacturers had the technical capability to reduce cigarette nicotine content and (2) to estimate the lost public health benefits of implementing a standard in 1965, 1975, or 1985. Methods To determine the technical capability of cigarette companies, we reviewed public patents and internal cigarette company business records using the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents. To evaluate the impact of a very low nicotine content cigarette (VLNC) standard on smoking attributable deaths (SADs) and life-years lost (LYLs), we applied a validated (CISNET) model that uses past smoking data, along with estimates of the potential impact of VLNCs derived from expert elicitation. Results Cigarette manufacturers recognized that cigarettes were deadly and addictive before 1964. Manufacturers have had the technical capability to lower cigarette nicotine content for decades. Our model projected that a standard implemented in 1965 could have averted 21 million SADs (54% reduction) and 272 million LYLs (64% reduction) from 1965 to 2064, a standard implemented in 1975 could have averted 18.9 million SADs and 245.4 million LYLs from 1975 to 2074, and a standard implemented in 1985 could have averted 16.3 million SADs and 211.5 million LYLs from 1985 to 2084. Conclusions Millions of premature deaths could have been averted if companies had only sold VLNCs decades ago. FDA should act immediately to implement a VLNC standard. Implications Prior research has shown that a mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes could reduce the prevalence of smoking and improve public health. Here we report that cigarette manufacturers have had the ability to voluntarily implement such a standard for decades. We use a well-validated model to demonstrate that millions of smoking attributable deaths and life-years lost would have been averted if the industry had implemented such a standard.
Endoscopic therapeutic interventions for management of postoperative bariatric surgery complications

Abstract Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder associated with multiple medical comorbidities. Bariatric surgery such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy have proven to be an effective intervention in the treatment of obesity and its associated comorbidities. As the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise so do the rates of bariatric surgeries and consequently their associated complications. Although relatively uncommon, postsurgical adverse events remain an ominous complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical revision of these postoperative complications is a perilous undertaking associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Novel endoscopic therapeutic interventions offer a minimally invasive alternative in management of postoperative complications. Various endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic stent deployment, balloon dilation, suturing, and over-the-scope-clips have been used for the treatment of postbariatric surgery complications with minimal adverse effects. In this review, we report the novel endoprosthetic interventions that play a pivotal role in the management of postoperative bariatric complications.
White trash: the 400-year untold history of class in America: by Nancy Isenberg, New York, NY, Penguin Viking, 2016, 460 pp., $27.99

America has always imagined itself to be a classless society. From the very beginning, ranks and titles mattered not. Neither did the politics of presumption nor the pretentious demonstration of st...
Long-term outcome success after operative treatment for primary aldosteronism.

Abstract Background Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Resolution of hypertension and hypokalemia after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is variable. This study examines preoperative factors for persistent hypertension and long-term outcome after laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism. Methods We reviewed all patients who underwent laparoscopic resection for adrenal tumors from 2010 to 2018. Biochemical success was defined as normalization of hypokalemia and the aldosterone-to-renin ratio. Clinical success was defined as normalization of blood pressure requiring no antihypertensive medications. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used. Results Of 202 patients who underwent unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 37 (18%) had biochemical and clinical confirmation of primary aldosteronism. Postoperatively, biochemical success was attained in all 37 patients with primary aldosteronism. Complete, partial, and absent clinical success was achieved in 41%, 38%, and 21% of patients, respectively. Number of antihypertensives (odds ratio, 2.30 per medication; 95% confidence interval, 1.07−4.93; P Conclusion Biochemical success is more common than clinical resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism. The number of antihypertensive medications, longstanding hypertension, and high body mass index are preoperative factors associated with absent clinical success.
Transformative justice and restorative justice: Gender-based violence and alternative visions of justice in the United States:

In the United States, the contemporary feminist movement against gender-based violence started in the early 1970s, just as ideologies and policies supporting mass criminalization launched what beca...
Reflections on a Theorem of Boas and Pollard

Inspired by an elegant theorem of Boas and Pollard (and related results by Kazarian, Price, Talalyan, Zink, and others), we discuss multiplicative completion of redundant systems in Hilbert and Banach function spaces.
Why are Countries' Asset Portfolios Exposed to Nominal Exchange Rates?

Most countries hold large gross asset positions, lending in domestic currency and borrowingin foreign. Thus, their balance sheets are exposed to nominal exchange rates. We argue thatwhen asset markets are incomplete, nominal exchange rate exposure allows countries topartially insure against shocks that move real exchange rates. We demonstrate that assetmarket incompleteness can simultaneously generate realistic gross asset positions and resolvethe Backus-Smith puzzle: that relative consumptions and real exchange rates correlatenegatively. We also show that local perturbation methods that use stabilizing endogenousdiscount factors are inaccurate when average and steady state interest rates differ. To addressthis, we develop a novel global solution method to accurately solve the model.
Cloud Transformation Analytics Services: A Case Study of Cloud Fitness Validation for Server Migration

Migration of IT infrastructure to the Cloud transforms enterprise data, applications, and services to one or more other Cloud environments. Cloud migration engagements often rely on an in-depth discovery of the client's (source) IT environment, which is rather costly and can take up to six weeks before any meaningful conversations with customers can begin about the migration itself. There is a demand for a more agile approach to enable sales teams to perform rapid qualification of cloud fitness and reason about the benefits of Cloud using minimal information from the clients. The existing, consulting based approach typically relies on a number of discovery and analysis tools, yet the entire process is manual, expensive, and time consuming. In this paper we present a suite of cloud transformation analytics (CTA) services designed to streamline the process of premigration and migration analysis, such as cloud fitness validation and consolidation recommendations. CTA supports reasoning about diverse target clouds, as well as various transformation methods to match clients' needs, such as image migration, workload migration, and cross platform migration. We discuss our key insights and lessons learned from employing cloud fitness validation capability on datasets of up to 2000 servers to enable and accelerate the process of migration.
Modeling two-phase flow of reactive granular materials

In this study, we examine a two-phase model proposed by Baer and Nunziato to describe the modes of combustion from deflagration to detonation in reactive granular materials. The model treats all phases in nonequilibrium and fully compressible. A compaction evolutionary equation, describing changes in volume fraction, provides model closure. In contrast to a pressure equilibrium model that has elliptic regions, the system of equations is hyperbolic except at points where the relative flow is locally sonic.
Stimulation of Carotenogenesis by Microbial Cells

Spent mycelia of Blakeslea trispora recovered from a previous fermentation enhanced carotene production by mated cultures of the same organism. Peak yields of 107 to 142 mg of carotene per 100 ml of medium were achieved in 6 days. β-Carotene constituted 92% of the total carotenoids produced. The enhancing substance was found present in an aqueous extract of the mycelium. Part of its activity was due to an organic acid fraction. Other microbial cells, molds, yeasts, and bacteria were also capable of enhancing carotene production.
Application of Fuzzy Logic for the Solution of Inverse Kinematics and Hierarchical Controls of RoboticManipulators

In this paper, hierarchical control techniques is used for controlling a robotic manipulator. The proposed method is based on the establishment of a non-linear mapping between Cartesian and joint coordinates using fuzzy logic in order to direct each individual joint. The hierarchical control will be implemented with fuzzy logic to improve the robustness and reduce the run time computational requirements. Hierarchical control consists of solving the inverse kinematic equations using fuzzy logic to direct each individual joint. A commercial Microbot with three degrees of freedom is utilized to evaluate this methodology. A decentralized fuzzy controller is used for each joint, with a Fuzzy Associative Memories (FAM) performing the inverse kinematic mapping in a supervisory mode. The FAM determines the inverse kinematic mapping which maps the desired Cartesian coordinates to the individual joint angles. The individual fuzzy controller for each joint generates the required control signal to a DC motor to move the associated link to the new position. The proposed hierarchical fuzzy controller is compared to a conventional controller. The simulation experiments indeed demonstate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Steady‐State Distribution of Glycosyltransferases Between the Golgi Apparatus and the Endoplasmic Reticulum is Approximately 90:10

Several lines of evidence support a novel model for Golgi protein residency in which these proteins cycle between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, to preserve the functional distinction between the two organelles, this pool of ER-resident Golgi enzymes must be small. We quantified the distribution for two Golgi glycosyltransferases in HeLa cells to test this prediction. We reasoned that best-practice, quantitative solutions would come from treating images as data arrays rather than pictures. Using deconvolution and computer calculated organellar boundaries, the Golgi fraction for both endogenous β1,4-galactosyltransferase and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was 91% by fluorescence microscopy. Immunogold labeling followed by electron microscopy and model analysis yielded a similar value. Values reflect steady-state conditions, as inclusion of a protein synthesis inhibitor had no effect. These data strongly suggest that the fluorescence of a GFP chimera with an organellar protein can be a valid indicator of protein distribution and more generally that fluorescent microscopy can provide a valid, rapid approach for protein quantification. In conclusion, we find the ER pool of cycling Golgi glycosyltransferases is small and approximately 1/100 the concentration found in the Golgi apparatus.
Effects of q-profile structures on intrinsic torque reversals

Changes in rotation have been observed in LHCD experiments. From these observations, reversals in intrinsic torque have been inferred. This paper identifies the mechanism for intrinsic torque reversal linked to magnetic shear (). Gyrokinetic simulations demonstrate that as compared to the normal case, the intrinsic torque reverses, for . Analysis shows that the reversal occurs due to the dominance of the symmetry breaking mechanism in residual stress due to the synergy of toroidal coupling and the intensity gradient. This mechanism is a consequence of ballooning structure at weak . Gyrokinetic simulation gives for trapped electron modes (TEM) and for ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. The value of is consistent with results from the Alcator C-Mod LHCD experiments, for which in the whole plasma column and (Rice et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 125003).
Coverage and connectivity control of wireless sensor networks under mobility

We present a novel sensor movement control strategy in which a commander controls a cluster of mobile sensors to monitor a target region ahead of the commander, and in the direction of the commander's movement. Once the speed and direction of the movement of the commander are changed, the new positions of the sensors are decided by our control algorithm and the sensors move to their new positions at a speed and in a direction also determined by the algorithm. After an upper bounded adjustment time, the sensors all arrive at their new positions and the commander monitors a new region by these sensors. Connectivity between sensors during movement is guaranteed. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the movement strategy.
Tolerable upper intake levels for trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol

Tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) set by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are important, in part because they are used for estimating the percentage of the population at potential risk of adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake. The IOM did not set ULs for trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol because any intake level above 0% of energy increased LDL cholesterol concentration and these three food components are unavoidable in ordinary diets. The purpose of the analysis presented in this review was to evaluate clinical trial and prospective observational data that were not previously considered for setting a UL with the aim of determining whether the current UL model could be used for saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol. The results of this analysis confirm the limitations of the risk assessment model for setting ULs because of its inability to identify a UL for food components, such as cholesterol, that lack an intake threshold associated with increased chronic disease risk.
Some noteworthy rusts. III.

In the course of studies on the rust flora of Mysore State (South India) large collections of a rust on the leaves of Ichnocarpus frutescens Br. were secured from various localities. The rust had for the most part only uredial stages and completely agreed with the descriptions of Uredo Ichnocarpi Barclay. This was further confirmed by comparative studies with a specimen obtained from the Herb. Crypt. Ind. Orient, New Delhi. The uredia, which can be collected almost all the year round, are subepidermal (FIG. 1), occurring in large numbers and completely covering the under- side of the leaf. Many of the sori are also epiphyllous. The in- fection spots can be made out as pale yellow specks on the dark green surface of the leaves. The urediospores are golden yellow, developing singly on pedicels (FIG. 1). The ruptured epidermis is very conspicuous and the sori are aparaphysate. The exospore is minutely and densely verruculose. The germ pores are indis- tinct and become visible only at the time of germination.
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF CARBOCATIONS IN ION PAIRS. 1. THE 2-PROPYL CATION

Ab initio calculations with large basis sets and electron correlation were applied to the study of geometry of the 2-propyl cation in ion pairs with trihydro fluoroborate (A) or dihydrolithiate (B) as anion. The goal was to model the ion pair formed by ionization in a solvent with good anion-stabilizing properties, but of low dielectric constant, like trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The effect of the anion, seen already at long distances, was that the preferred cation conformation changed from C1,C3 staggered as in the isolated carbocation (chiral 2-propyl cation, 1) to C1,C3 eclipsed (Cs symmetry, 2). The optimized cation geometry was essentially the same at the MP2(FC)/6-31G*, MP2(FC)/6-31++G*, and MP2(FU)/6-311G** levels, but the position of the anion above the cation was somewhat more sensitive to the basis set. The preferred anion position was in the plane bisecting the C1−C2−C3 angle of 2 and in the region “inside” that angle. This “inside” displacement became more pronounced as the interionic distance,...
Giant ectopic ureter presenting as an abdominal mass in a newborn infant.

Summary A supernumerary, hugely dilated ectopic urefer filled practically the entire abdomen. The significant roentgenologic features seen were very similar to those present in children with distal ureteral atresia and marked dilatation of the blind distal segment.
Chemical Reaction, Diffusion, and Ionization Model for Dissolution of Oxygen Acids and Carbon Acids

A chemical reaction, diffusion, and ionization model, which assumes the establishment of ionization equilibrium at an equilibrium plane located within the diffusion layer, is tested by use of experimental dissolution rates for some oxygen acids and carbon acids. For oxygen acids both two- and three-zone models predict observed dissolution rates; however, for barbituric acid dihydrate and phenylbutazone neither model successfully depicts the dissolution behavior. Although the three-zone model approximately predicts dissolution rates of oxygen acids, its complexity does not add to the accuracy of the calculated rate. The three-zone model does support the frequent assumption that ionization is instantaneous and can be lgnored in modeling.
Images of Imagination

The literature of music, religion, and philosophy, especially aesthetics, forms the basis from which a definition for imagination is offered: Imagination is a power of the whole of human consciousn...
Calibration and analysis of spatially resolved x-ray absorption spectra from a nonuniform plasma

We report here the calibration and analysis techniques used to obtain spatially resolved density and temperature measurements of a pair of imploding aluminum wires from x-ray absorption spectra. A step wedge is used to measure backlighter fluence at the film, allowing transmission through the sample to be measured with an accuracy of ±14% or better. A genetic algorithm is used to search the allowed plasma parameter space and fit synthetic spectra with 20 μm spatial resolution to the measured spectra, taking into account that the object plasma nonuniformity must be physically reasonable. The inferred plasma conditions must be allowed to vary along the absorption path in order to obtain a fit to the spectral data. The temperature is estimated to be accurate to within ±25% and the density to within a factor of two. This information is used to construct two-dimensional maps of the density and temperature of the object plasma.
Direct observation of differential UV photolytic degradation among the tryptophan residues of gramicidin A in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles

Gramicidin A, incorporated into sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, was exposed to ultraviolet light and discovered by two-dimensional (TOCSY) NMR spectroscopy to undergo differential photolytic degradation. The four tryptophan residues of gramicidin A were found to be unequally sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. Tryptophan 9 was the most sensitive to ultraviolet photolysis, while tryptophan 11 was the least sensitive. Tryptophans 13 and 15 have approximately the same susceptibility to photolytic degradation by the ultraviolet light. Rate constants for the photolytic degradation of the four tryptophan residues were obtained from the dependence of the TOCSY spectrum upon the time of photolysis.
Concurrent modeling language (CML) for discrete process modeling, simulation and control

Modern manufacturing systems can be viewed as distributed concurrent discrete processes, using extensive communication internally and with the environment. The concurrency and reactive nature of the system make it difficult to model and analyze correctly. This paper presents a genuine high level and concurrent modeling language, CML, that can be used for modeling and control of manufacturing processes. In addition, it can be used for simulation and analysis of the system's operation. The CML language is based on flat concurrent prolog which is a declarative concurrent logic programming language, therefore, highly expressive, and theoretically sound.
Amiodarone versus bretylium for suppression of reperfusion arrhythmias in dogs

Abstract Reperfusion arrhythmias are an important complication of interventions to limit infarct size. Recently, amiodarone has been shown to be rapidly effective in suppressing sustained, incessant ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in this setting. This study evaluated the time course of arrhythmia suppression and comparative efficacy of amiodarone versus bretylium in a canine model of reperfusion arrhythmias. Of 23 dogs subjected to a Harris two-stage coronary artery ligation followed by release, 18 demonstrated clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias and received either intravenous amiodarone, 5 mg/kg (9 dogs), or intravenous bretylium, 5 mg/kg (9 dogs). Direct-current shocks for sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were administered as necessary. Amiodarone rapidly suppressed sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in this model with no dog in the amiodarone-treated group requiring cardioversion after completion of the 15-minute infusion versus 4 of 9 dogs in the bretylium-treated group ( p
Folding and Unfolding of Polymer Helices in Solution

We have previously shown that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) assumes a helical conformation in isobutyric acid. We now show that the formation of helices by PEG in isobutyric acid requires the presence of a trace amount of water: We can make the helices coil and uncoil by adding or removing trace water to/from the solvent. We also show that the similar polymer poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) forms helices in isobutyric acid and that PEG forms helices in isopentanoic and n-propanoic acids but not in isobutanol or n-butanol. PEI (Mn = 21.8 kg/mol) forms only helices in isobutyric acid, whereas PEG (Mn = 21.0 kg/mol) forms a mixture of helices and coils. Helical PEI (Mn = 21.8 kg/mol) shows a helix-to-coil transition when the temperature is increased to about 50 °C, while PEG (Mn = 21.0 kg/mol) shows a helix-to-coil transition at 40−45 °C. When the trace water in the solution is D2O, the PEG (Mn = 21.0 kg/mol) helix-to-coil transition moves to a higher temperature of about 56 °C, perhaps due to stronger hydrogen bo...
Ovarian rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as leukemia case report

A condition of pure ovarian rhabdomyosarcoma in a 16-year-old female is described. The tumor presented with a leukemia-like picture, with extensive peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement which led to an initial diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The diagnosis was achieved at autopsy and was supported by ultrastructural findings of Z-band-like material and alternating thin and thick filaments. Cancer 52:297-300, 1983.
GlyQ-IQ: glycomics quintavariate-informed quantification with high-performance computing and GlycoGrid 4D visualization.

Glycomics quintavariate-informed quantification (GlyQ-IQ) is a biologically guided glycomics analysis tool for identifying N-glycans in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) data. Glycomics LC–MS data sets have convoluted extracted ion chromatograms that are challenging to deconvolve with existing software tools. LC deconvolution into constituent pieces is critical in glycomics data sets because chromatographic peaks correspond to different intact glycan structural isomers. The biological targeted analysis approach offers several key advantages to traditional LC–MS data processing. A priori glycan information about the individual target’s elemental composition allows for improved sensitivity by utilizing the exact isotope profile information to focus chromatogram generation and LC peak fitting on the isotopic species having the highest intensity. Glycan target annotation utilizes glycan family relationships and in source fragmentation in addition to high specificity feature LC–MS detection to im...
Beyond the Cutting Edge: Bakhtin at 107

Book reviewed in this article Ken Hirschkop and David Shepherd, (eds.), Bakhtin and Cultural Theory
Artifact-free coronary magnetic resonance angiography and coronary vessel wall imaging in the presence of a new, metallic, coronary magnetic resonance imaging stent.

Background— Coronary in-stent restenosis cannot be directly assessed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) because of the local signal void of currently used stainless steel stents. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a new, dedicated, coronary MR imaging (MRI) stent for artifact-free, coronary MRA and in-stent lumen and vessel wall visualization. Methods and Results— Fifteen prototype stents were deployed in coronary arteries of 15 healthy swine and investigated with a double-oblique, navigator-gated, free-breathing, T2-prepared, 3D cartesian gradient-echo sequence; a T2-prepared, 3D spiral gradient-echo sequence; and a T2-prepared, 3D steady-state, free-precession coronary MRA sequence. Furthermore, black-blood vessel wall imaging by a dual-inversion-recovery, turbo spin-echo sequence was performed. Artifacts of the stented vessel segment and signal intensities of the coronary vessel lumen inside and outside the stent were assessed. With all investigated sequences, the vessel lum...
Müllerian adenosarcoma of vagina arising in persistent endometriosis: report of a case and review of the literature.

Abstract Background Primary adenosarcoma arising in vaginal endometriosis poses a diagnostic challenge, especially in superficial vaginal biopsies. Case A 56-year-old woman, with a prior diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis, presented with a rapidly enlarging mass of the vaginal vault. Two prior biopsies were benign and showed endometriosis. The third vaginal biopsy revealed benign endometriotic glands cuffed by a cellular stroma with moderate cytologic atypia, a histological appearance diagnostic of Mullerian adenosarcoma. A 16-cm vaginal mass that had infiltrated the pelvic structures was resected. Conclusions Close clinical follow-up of extrauterine endometriosis and clinical–pathologic correlation is necessary. Histological features such as cellular stromal cuffing around benign endometriotic glands are critical in arriving at a timely diagnosis of adenosarcoma in patients with persistent extrauterine endometriosis, even in superficial vaginal biopsies.
Identification of a redox-sensitive cysteine in GCP60 that regulates its interaction with golgin-160.

Golgin-160 is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates. It localizes to the cytoplasmic side of the Golgi and has a large C-terminal coiled-coil domain. The noncoiled-coil N-terminal head domain contains Golgi targeting information, a cryptic nuclear localization signal, and three caspase cleavage sites. Caspase cleavage of the golgin-160 head domain generates different fragments that can translocate to the nucleus by exposing the nuclear localization signal. We have previously shown that GCP60, a Golgi resident protein, interacts weakly with the golgin-160 head domain but has a strong interaction with one of the caspase-generated golgin-160 fragments (residues 140–311). This preferential interaction increases the Golgi retention of the golgin-160 fragment in cells overexpressing GCP60. Here we studied the interaction of golgin-160-(140–311) with GCP60 and identified a single cysteine residue in GCP60 (Cys-463) that is critical for the interaction of the two proteins. Mutation of the cysteine blocked the interaction in vitro and disrupted the ability to retain the golgin-160 fragment at the Golgi in cells. We also found that Cys-463 is redox-sensitive; in its reduced form, interaction with golgin-160 was diminished or abolished, whereas oxidation of the Cys-463 by hydrogen peroxide restored the interaction. In addition, incubation with a nitric oxide donor promoted this interaction in vitro. These findings suggest that nuclear translocation of golgin-160-(140–311) is a highly coordinated event regulated not only by cleavage of the golgin-160 head but also by the oxidation state of GCP60.
Social Isolation Exacerbates Schizophrenia-Like Phenotypes via Oxidative Stress in Cortical Interneurons

Background Our previous studies indicated that N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) deletion from a subset of corticolimbic interneurons in the mouse brain during early postnatal development is sufficient to trigger several behavioral and pathophysiological features resembling the symptoms of human schizophrenia. Interestingly, many of these behavioral phenotypes are exacerbated by social isolation stress. However, the mechanisms underlying the exacerbating effects of social isolation are unclear. Methods With γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuron-specific NMDAR hypofunction mouse model (Ppp1r2-Cre/fGluN1 knockout [KO] mice), we investigated whether oxidative stress is implicated in the social isolation-induced exacerbation of schizophrenia-like phenotypes and further explored the underlying mechanism of elevated oxidative stress in KO mice. Results The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the cortex of group-housed KO mice was normal at 8 weeks although increased at 16 weeks old. Postweaning social isolation (PWSI) augmented the ROS levels in KO mice at both ages, which was accompanied by the onset of behavioral phenotype. Chronic treatment with apocynin, an ROS scavenger, abolished markers of oxidative stress and partially alleviated schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotypes in KO mice. Markers of oxidative stress after PWSI were especially prominent in cortical parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons. The vulnerability of PV interneurons to oxidative stress was associated with downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidation. Conclusions These results suggest that a PWSI-mediated impairment in antioxidant defense mechanisms, presumably mediated by PGC-1α downregulation in the NMDAR-deleted PV-positive interneurons, results in oxidative stress, which, in turn, might contribute to exacerbation of schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotypes.
Fiscal Cycles and the Low-Level Equilibrium under the Qing: A Comparative Analysis

This article questions the recent scholarship that attempts to draw parallels between Qing China before 1800 and the so-called fiscal-military states in early modern Europe. Beginning with a survey of “fiscal cycles” in China from the 1640s to the 1850s, the author argues that border wars and territorial expansion had little impact on the Qing state’s tax system and bureaucracy. Contrary to the high level of taxation necessitated by escalation in military spending among the contemporary European states, the Qing pursued the policy of light taxation by freezing land tax rates and practicing universal tax exemption. What prevailed in the Qing fiscal system thus was a “low-level equilibrium,” in which the fixed amount of revenues was sufficient to cover the state’s fixed amount of regular expenditures and generate a sizeable amount of surpluses.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING STUDENT TEACHER MORALE

Described in the article is an instrument designed to measure 12 dimensions of student teacher morale. The factors are based on 57 items taken from the Purdue Teacher Opinionaireand 43 items written specifically for the experimental instrument.
An intraneuronal capillary in rat cerebral cortex.

During the study of rat visual cortex by electron microscopy a neuron has been observed which shows a capillary passing through it. Cytoplasm of the neuron can be seen entirely encircling the capillary without any discontinuities. Sufficient serial sections of this peculiar association of structures were available to verify that the capillary is indeed penetrating the neuron, and that the relationship is not caused by grazing, tangential sections through a capillary bulging into a neuron. Moreover, a tangential section of a capillary would be quite obvious from the profile of the lumen and the appearance of the wall. That the cell surrounding the capillary is a neuron seems certain, for it exhibits typical neuronal structure, including synapses. Fine details of such a synapse are shown. At no level has the capillary been seen to be in direct contact with the neuronal plasma membrane, since there is present an intervening, and at times very thin and attenuated, layer of cytoplasm.
Adaptive Dual Network Design for a Class of SIMO Systems with Nonlinear Time-variant Uncertainties

Abstract A novel adaptive dual network design consisting of a rough adjustment network (RAN) and a fine adjustment network (FAN) is proposed to eliminate the unknown time-variant uncertainties of servo system. To accomplish this objective, a RAN is proposed based on the combination of sliding mode control, function approximation, and error compensation technique. Then, an FAN is proposed to compensate the tracking error. In our current design, the FAN includes a critic network based on a neural network model and a prediction network based on an online curve fitting scheme. Theoretical analysis followed by detailed design strategies are presented in this work. Simulation results and comparative study of this method with those of existing approaches demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive dual network design for position tracking.