cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Analysis of Sexed Semen Separation and Breeding Results of Transgenic and Non-transgenic Cattle

In this study,we analysed the difference of sperm motility and X/Y ratio of sorted sperm between transgenic and non-transgenic dairy cow sperm separation after freezing and thawing,and also analysed the recipient cow pregnancy rate after sorted semen artificial insemination.The results showed that the sperm motility and X/Y ratio of sorted sperm did not differ significantly between transgenic cattle and non-transgenic cattle;the pregnancy rate of non-transgenic cattle and transgenic cattle sexed semen were 59.3%(non-transgenic cattle) and 57.4%(transgenic cattle) respectively,there were no significant differences(P 0.05).
Evaluation on The Uncertainty in Determining the Cr6+ in Drinking Water by Spectrophotometry

[Objective]To explore the impact of the various components of uncertainty on uncertainty of measurement .[Methods]According to "JJF1059-1999 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement",main components from the measurement uncertainty was analyzed.[Results]Uncertainty in the calibration curve and standard solution concentration were the main source of uncertainty in sample measurement.[Conclusion] Identification of the key link in measurement process should be performed by strict quality control in the key link to reduce the uncertainty of measurement.
Model-based shading and lighting controls considering visual comfort and energy use

ABSTRACT Dynamic facades with high performance glazing and automated shading have the potential to balance daylighting, comfort and energy use, when integrated with lighting and thermal control systems. This paper presents the development and implementation of a model-based control algorithm for automated shading and lighting operation, aiming at minimizing energy use while reducing the risk of glare. A detailed lighting-glare model is used to validated compute real-time interior lighting conditions, lighting energy use and DGP, based on the readings of two sensors on every building facade. The model-based operationensures optimal shade position and light dimming levels that minimize energy use while satisfying glare constraints at each time step. The developed algorithm is demonstrated in a full-scale office space, controlling shades and electric lighting real-time, using simple sensor readings as ininputs. Finally, a comparison between control strategies and control intervals is discussed.
Efficacy of a biopesticide for control of aflatoxins in corn.

A 2-year study was carried out to determine the efficacy of a biopesticide in reducing aflatoxin contamination in corn. The biopesticide, afla-guard, delivers a nontoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus to the field where it competes with naturally occurring toxigenic strains of the fungus. Afla-guard was applied to entire fields in two areas of Texas at either 11.2 or 22.4 kg/ha. Specific nontreated fields in close proximity to treated fields were designated as controls. Samples of corn were collected at harvest and analyzed for aflatoxins and density of toxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates of A. flavus. Aflatoxin concentrations were generally quite low in 2007, but the mean concentration in treated samples (0.5 ppb) was reduced by 85% compared with controls (3.4 ppb). In 2008, samples from treated and control fields averaged 1.5 and 12.4 ppb, respectively, an 88% reduction. There were no significant differences between the two afla-guard application rates. In conjunction with the reductions in aflatoxin ...
Long-term retention under conditions of artificially induced recall of related events.

This is the second of a series of four major studies which examine the interrelationships between two training factors (the first response and informative feedback) and three memory factors (the second response, the recalled feedback, and the response alternative). Only two trials were given, 28 days apart. 671 Ss were reminded of two of the three antecedents in order to evaluate the effect of near perfect recall of two antecedents on memory for the third. The results confirm the hypothesis that reminders are effective in altering memory in a variety of ways. The method of reminders is analysed in detail and so is its relation to similar techniques recently evolved in the field of verbal learning and retention.
Fine mapping of qHUS6.1, a quantitative trait locus for silicon content in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Silicon is essential for optimal growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study was conducted to fine map qHUS6.1, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for rice hull silicon content previously located in the interval RM510-RM19417 on the short arm of chromosome 6, and to analyze the effect of this QTL on the silicon content in different organs of rice. Selfed progenies of a residual heterozygous line of rice were detected using 13 microsatellite markers in the vicinity of qHUS6.1. Three plants with overlapping heterozygous segments were selected. Three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed from the selfed progenies of the 3 plants. They were grown in a paddy field and the silicon contents of the hull, flag leaf, and stem were measured at maturity. Based on analyses of the phenotypic distribution and variance among different genotypic groups in the same NIL set, a significant genotypic effect was shown in the NIL set that was heterogenous in the interval RM19410-RM5815, whereas a significant effect was not found in the remaining 2 NIL sets that were heterogenous in either of the intervals RM4923-RM19410 or RM19417-RM204. On comparison among the physical positions of the 3 heterogenous segments, qHUS6.1 was delimited to a 64.2-kb region flanked by RM19410 and RM19417 that contains nine annotated genes according to the genome sequence of Nipponbare. This QTL showed strong effects on all of the three traits tested, and the enhancing alleles were always derived from the paternal line Milyang 46. The present study will facilitate the cloning of qHUS6.1 and the exploration of new genetic resources for QTL fine mapping.
p62 in Cancer: Signaling Adaptor Beyond Autophagy

Adaptor proteins participate in selective autophagy, which is critical for cellular detoxification and stress relief. However, new evidence supports an autophagy-independent key role of the adaptor p62 (encoded by the gene Sqstm1) in signaling functions central to tumor initiation in the epithelium and suppression of tumor progression in the stroma.
Processing pronunciation variants: the role of probabilistic knowledge about lexical form and segmental co-occurrence

ABSTRACTTwo experiments investigated the contribution of lexical knowledge to processing nasal flap variants (e.g. “mental” produced as “mennle”). High and low variant production frequency nasal flap words and nonword counterparts were presented in a “t” detection task. More “t” detections were found in high than low variant frequency nasal flap words; no difference was found in control nasal flap nonwords but control nonwords with a nasal had more “t” detections than nonwords without a nasal. The findings suggest that access to lexical knowledge of an alternative NT pronunciation is modulated by variant frequency of the reduced form and pre-lexical phonotactic knowledge.
Micromachining for microwave and millimeter-wave applications

This paper presents a summary of several micromachined components with state-of-the-art electromagnetic performance at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Micromachining techniques are used to alter the electromagnetic characteristic of the underlying substrate so as to result in better performance than standard planar designs, or to build entirely new miniature 2-D and 3-D components on the surface of a substrate. These components include high-Q resonators and low-loss filters, high-efficiency micromachined antennas, and very low loss micro-electromechanical (MEMS) switches. Micromachined components can be produced in large quantities using integrated circuit techniques, and are suitable for applications requiring large-volume/low-cost units such as wireless systems and phased-array antennas.
Situationsbasierte Steuerung modularisierter Produktionsabläufe

Kurzfassung Als eine Folge der Verschiebung von Verkaufer- zu Kaufermarkten agieren produzierende Unternehmen heute in einem turbulenten Umfeld, welches durch steigende Variantenzahlen und kurze Li...
Movement Patterns of Sphyrna tiburo (Bonnethead Shark) in a Shallow Tidal Creek System

Abstract The purpose of this study was to use acoustic telemetry to elucidate the small-scale habitat-utilization patterns of Sphyrna tiburo (Bonnethead Shark, hereafter, Bonnethead) in relation to diel and tidal cycles in a shallow tidal creek system along the coast of Georgia. We found that Bonnetheads utilized the main channel of a tidal creek at night, dawn, and during ebb and low tides. In addition, we found the first evidence of Bonnetheads utilizing smaller 3rd-order creeks. Bonnetheads used these tributaries at night and dawn, during flood and high tides when the water level facilitated access. The movement patterns of these Bonnetheads could be representative of those in other areas with semidiurnal tides.
Metals and Other Elements in Biocrude from Fast and Isothermal Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae

We determined the effects of different hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process variables (temperature, holding time, algae loading, and water loading) on 13 different elements in biocrude and the aqueous phase co-product. Reaction conditions included both fast and isothermal HTL. The concentrations of P, Mg, Na, and Ca in the biocrude had their highest values at the mildest HTL conditions explored, and the concentrations decreased precipitously as even moderate HTL conditions were used. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Ni do not show much variation with HTL severity, whereas the concentration of Fe in the biocrude first increases and then decreases. P and Na were the most abundant elements in the biocrude from fast HTL, but Fe was the most abundant from isothermal HTL. These results show that the HTL conditions can influence the concentrations of different metals and inorganic species in algal biocrude from HTL.
Big Data on a Smaller Scale: A Social Media Analytics Assignment.

ABSTRACTIt is truly important for students to understand how to monitor online marketing buzz. This assignment, social media analytics, utilizes the content analysis research method to build student's in-depth understanding on how to evaluate and interpret user-generated content (UGC) to create social media campaigns. The authors adapted Resnik and Stern's (1977) coding scheme for UGC. Through experiential learning, students immerse themselves in data and analyze UGC. The assignment scored high in knowledge acquisition as a pedagogical tool. Finally, the authors provide an updated social media analytics coding scheme, guidelines for instructors, student rubric information, and student learning outcomes.
Smart Sensing for HVAC Control: Collaborative Intelligence in Optical and IR Cameras

Energy management of heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) has become a primary concern for residential and commercial buildings. In order to save energy without compromising the comfort of occupants, various techniques have been explored to sense the real-time occupancy/vacancy of HVAC zones. Among all these approaches, wireless-camera-based sensing stands out for its potential application in surveillance and security in addition to energy management. However, limited lifetime and detection accuracy have prevented pervasiveness of wireless-camera-based occupancy detection. This paper presents a novel wireless device platform and prototype development that incorporates an infrared (IR) camera with an optical (OP) camera to provide collaborative intelligence at low power and enhanced accuracy. Compared to the single-sensor baseline design, the proposed fusion-based OP/IR design demonstrates $5\times$ miss rate improvement, $5\times$ reduction in false positive rate, and $3\times$ lifetime extension for battery usage with respect to a single-sensor-based design. Compared to a programmed thermostat and schedule-based HVAC control, the design saves a maximum of $26\%$ of HVAC energy.
FILTER FEEDER COUPLING BETWEEN THE ESTUARINE WATER COLUMN AND BENTHIC SUBSYSTEMS

Abstract Benthic filter feeders are capable of translocating and transforming large quantities of matter from the estuarine water column. Evidence at the individual, population and ecosystem levels supports the contention that filter feeders are probably a significant coupling between the water column and the benthos. We hypothesize that benthic filter feeders are a major controlling element in marsh-estuarine nutrient cycling.
Ablation dynamics during laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesiotemporal epilepsy

Introduction The recent emergence of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) as a frontline surgical tool in the management of brain tumors and epilepsy is a result of advances in MRI thermal imaging. A limitation to further improving LITT is the diversity of brain tissue thermoablative properties, which hinders our ability to predict LITT treatment-related effects. Utilizing the mesiotemporal lobe as a consistent anatomic model system, the goal of this study was to use intraoperative thermal damage estimate (TDE) maps to study short- and long-term effects of LITT and to identify preoperative variables that could be helpful in predicting tissue responses to thermal energy. Methods For 30 patients with mesiotemporal epilepsy treated with LITT at a single institution, intraoperative TDE maps and pre-, intra- and post-operative MRIs were co-registered in a common reference space using a deformable atlas. The spatial overlap of TDE maps with manually-traced immediate (post-ablation) and delayed (6-month) ablation zones was measured using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Then, motivated by simple heat-transfer models, ablation dynamics were quantified at amygdala and hippocampal head from TDE pixel time series fit by first order linear dynamics, permitting analysis of the thermal time constant (τ). The relationships of these measures to 16 independent variables derived from patient demographics, mesiotemporal anatomy, preoperative imaging characteristics and the surgical procedure were examined. Results TDE maps closely overlapped immediate ablation borders but were significantly larger than the ablation cavities seen on delayed imaging, particularly at the amygdala and hippocampal head. The TDEs more accurately predicted delayed LITT effects in patients with smaller perihippocampal CSF spaces. Analyses of ablation dynamics from intraoperative TDE videos showed variable patterns of lesion progression after laser activation. Ablations tended to be slower for targets with increased preoperative T2 MRI signal and in close proximity to large, surrounding CSF spaces. In addition, greater laser energy was required to ablate mesial versus lateral mesiotemporal structures, an effect associated with laser trajectory and target contrast-enhanced T1 MRI signal. Conclusions Patient-specific variations in mesiotemporal anatomy and pathology may influence the thermal coagulation of these tissues. We speculate that by incorporating demographic and imaging data into predictive models we may eventually enhance the accuracy and precision with which LITT is delivered, improving outcomes and accelerating adoption of this novel tool.
Environmental controls on nitric oxide emission from northern Chihuahuan desert soils

A survey of nitric oxide (NO) emission from Chihuahuan desert soils found mean NO fluxes <0.1 ng NO-N cm−2h−1 during the dry season. These fluxes were at thelower end of the range reported for temperate grassland and woodlandecosystems. NO fluxes from wet or watered soils were higher(0.1–35 ng NO-N cm−2 h−1).Watering of black grama grassland soils produced an initial pulse of 12ng cm−2 h−1 (12-h after 1-cm watering)with high fluxes sustained over 4 days with repeated watering. Initialpulses from shrubland soils were lower (maximum 5 ngcm−2 h−1), and fluxes declined withrepeated watering. Repeated watering of creosotebush soils depleted thesoil NH 4 + pool, and NO emissions weredirectly related to soil NH 4 + concentrationsat the end of the experiment. In watered andNH 4 + -fertilized creosotebush soils, NO fluxeswere positively related to potential net nitrification rates.NH 4 + -fertilization boosted the initial NOpulse 15 times in the shrubland and 5 times in black grama grasslandrelative to watered controls. These experimental results point towardgreater substrate limitation in shrublands. In this desert basin, NOemission averaged 0.12 kg N ha−1 y−1in untreated soil and 0.76 kg N ha−1y−1 in watered soil. We multiplied these averages bythe distribution of grassland and shrubland vegetation within a58,600-ha area of the Jornada del Muerto basin to estimate regionallosses of 0.15–0.38 kg NO-N ha−1y−1 for this area of the Chihuahuan desert.
Effects of Coal Ash on CuO as an Oxygen Carrier for Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling

Chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) features the natural release of gaseous oxygen from oxygen carriers to efficiently burn solid fuels, producing a nearly nitrogen-free CO2 stream for c...
Reliability-Based Approach to Investigating Long-Term Clogging in Green Stormwater Infrastructure

AbstractGreen stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is defined by the integration of natural processes into the built environment to provide important ecosystem services. While GSI has multiple benefits,...
Abstract P397: Obesity Modifies the Association between Food Insecurity and Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

Background: Over 16% of children in the United States live in households with food insecurity (FI), the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate foods. FI is associated with seve...
42 Gastric emptying response to temporary gastric electrical stimulation is independent of symptom improvement but dependent on baseline emptying

Introduction: Gastric electrical Stimulation (GES) is an accepted therapy for drug refractory gastroparesis, but its effect on gastric emptying is controversial. Patients: To examine the effect of GES on GET we examined 140 consecutive patients undergoing temporary endoscopic GES as previously described (GIE 2005: 61:455–461). Patients were 29 m, 14 f , mean age 41 years with diagnosis (DX): 44 diabetes (DM), 14 post-surgical (PS) and 82 idiopathic (ID). Methods: Symptom Assessment, Gastric emptying and EGG were evaluated at baseline and after temporary endoscopic GES (mean 3 day of therapy). Patients at baseline were stratified into 3 groups based on GET: Delayed, Normal and Rapid, as previously described (AGC 2001: 95:1456–1461). Symptoms (SX) of nausea (N), vomiting (V), and total SX (TSS), and GET were compared by paired t-tests and reported as mean values. Results: All patients had Symptoms improvement, irrespective of their DX or baseline GET: (N: 3.5 baseline to 0.9 after; V: 2.5–0.6; TSS: 15.2–5.1 for all patients with uniform changes in subgroups. There were no significant changes in GET for the whole patient group. However, when stratified by baseline GET: the delayed group accelerated (and the rapid group slowed (see table). Conclusion: Temporary GES performed on patients with the SX of gastroparesis shows an immediate symptom improvement, which is independent of baseline GET. The effect of temporary GES on gastric emptying is dependent on baseline emptying, with improvements seen in both delayed and rapid gastric emptying sub-groups. Conclusions about the effect of electrical stimulation on gastric emptying need stratification for baseline gastric emptying. Group B GET 1 B GET 2 B GET 4 Aft GET 1 Aft GET 2 Aft GET 4 All (n = 140) 66.6 43.9 20.7 66.3 44.1 20.6 Delay (n = 78) 77.3 57.3 31.6 57.1 41.1 21.3 P value 0.04 0.08 0.18 Rapid (n = 15) 27.3 9.45 2.7 30.5 14.3 3.1 P value – – – 0.08 0.04 0.4
Readmissions after left ventricular assist device implantation: Considerations for nurse practitioners

ABSTRACTBackground and purpose:Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is becoming a widespread treatment for advanced heart failure. Implantation of an LVAD introduces complications that contribute to high rates of rehospitalization. This study examines the presenting signs and symptoms in LV
Pulmonary artery catheter epidemiology of risk in pre-heart-transplant recipients.

Objective Central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a known complication of central venous access. Pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) are frequently used in pre-heart-transplant patients, but the rate of CLABSI in this population is unknown. We sought to estimate the rate of CLABSI and identify factors associated with development of infection in patients actively listed for heart transplantation with a PAC. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting This study was conducted in 3 intensive care units at an academic tertiary-care center in Minnesota. Patients 61 pre-heart-transplant patients in an intensive care unit with a PAC in place from January 2013 to December 2016, totaling 219 PACs. Methods At-risk patients, pertinent risk factors, and demographic data were obtained using Mayo Clinic's Unified Data Platform. CLABSIs were identified through internal infection prevention and control data. Characteristics of PAC use and infection rate were collected and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and time-dependent Cox models. Results Among pre-heart-transplant patients with a PAC, there were 14 CLABSIs, for an infection rate of 5.46 of 1,000 PAC days (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98-9.15). The most common causative organism was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (79%). In unadjusted analyses, CLABSI was associated with shorter time to transplant (hazard ratio [HR], 2.49; P = .027), but not mortality (HR, 1.79; P = .355). Conclusions The rate of CLABSI with PAC is high. Prolonged PAC use in the pre-heart-transplant population should be revisited.
Polarity dependent implanted p-type dopant activation in GaN

Here we present a direct comparison between the activation of implanted Mg ions in N–polar and Ga–polar substrates to produce p-type GaN via symmetric multicycle rapid thermal annealing (SMRTA). Physical dopant activation was achieved by annealing in moderate nitrogen pressures (3.3 MPa) in conjunction with a bi-layer cap. Photoluminescence shows activation was more readily achieved for N–polar films with measured UV luminescence up to ~15× as intense as yellow/green luminescence compared to ~2.4× for Ga–polar films. The greater activation of N–polar material was primarily due to a higher thermal stability compared to Ga–polar films. This demonstration of implanted Mg activation by SMRTA enables a facile route toward next generation vertical devices.
A randomized, phase II clinical trial of preoperative stereotactic body radiation therapy versus conventionally fractionated chemoradiation for resectable, borderline-resectable, or locally advanced type a pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

TPS4167Background: There is growing consensus for the use of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with potentially operable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC). However, there is not consensus on the type an...
Exploring small molecules with pan-genotypic inhibitory activities against hepatitis C virus NS3/4A serine protease.

Abstract Among the many Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and subtypes, genotypes 1b and 3a are most prevalent in United States and Asia, respectively. A total of 132 commercially available analogs of a previous lead compound were initially investigated against wild-type HCV genotype 1b NS3/4A protease. Ten compounds showed inhibitory activities (IC50 values) below 10 µM with comparable direct binding affinities (KD values) determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). To identify pan-genotypic inhibitors, these ten selected compounds were tested against four additional genotypes (1a, 2a, 3a, and 4) and three drug-resistant mutants (A156S, R155K, and V36M). Four new analogs have been identified with better activities against all five tested genotypes than the prior lead compound. Further, the original lead compound did not show activity against genotype 3a NS3/4A, whereas four newly identified compounds exhibited IC50 values below 33 µM against genotype 3a NS3/4A. Encouragingly, the best new compound F1813-0710 possessed promising activity toward genotype 3a, which is a huge improvement over the previous lead compound that had no effect on genotype 3a. This intriguing observation was further analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand their different binding interactions, which should benefit future pan-genotypic inhibitor design and drug discovery.
Association between reduced myocardial contraction fraction and cardiovascular disease outcomes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Abstract Background The myocardial contraction fraction (MCF: stroke volume to myocardial volume) is a volumetric measure of left ventricular myocardial shortening. We examined the relationship of MCF, measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), to incident cardiovascular (CV) events within the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods Participants (n = 5000, aged 45–84 years) underwent cMRI. Primary outcome: CVD events (myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, stroke, coronary heart disease: CHD death, and stroke death). Secondary outcomes: CHD and heart failure (HF) events. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes. Results There were 299 incident CVD, 188 CHD, and 151 HF events over 10.2 years. The lowest MCF quartile was associated with an increased risk for incident CVD [HR 2.42, CI: 1.58–3.72], CHD [HR 2.32, CI: 1.36–3.96] and HF events [HR 1.99, CI: 1.15–3.44]. In a model adjusted for demographics, CV risk factors, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication use, each standard deviation decrease in MCF was associated with incident CVD [HR 1.42, CI: 1.23–1.64], CHD [HR 1.40, CI: 1.17–1.67] and HF [HR 1.58, CI: 1.30–1.94]. In a subgroup analysis of participants with preserved ejection fraction and without left ventricular hypertrophy, the lowest MCF quartile and each standard deviation decrease in MCF was also associated with an increased risk for incident CVD in fully-adjusted analyses. Conclusions MCF is a novel measure that can be measured using cMRI. In this multi-ethnic cohort, MCF is a measure that can be used to predict incident CVD events.
The Rise of the African Novel: Politics of language, identity, and ownership

Mukoma Wa Ngugi, son of famed Kenyan writer Ngugi Wa Thiong’o, has made a splash on the African literary scene, by revisiting an enduring issue in African literature: the language question and the ...
Copy number variations and etiology of mental retardation

Copy Number Variation (CNV) is now considered as microstruetural variation in DNA segment length within the genome. CNV has been believed to be associated with idiopathic learning disability diseases, especially schizophrenia and mental retardation. In this review, we summarize recent progresses in determining the association between copy number variations and mental retardation, and the application of CNVs detection techniques in the clinical diagnosis of mental retardation, which would contribute to a better understanding of etiology of mental retardation. Key words: Copy number variations; Mental retardation; Genetic disorder
Disclosing or Concealing? Developments of Norms and Policies for Governing Software Vulnerabilities and Their Implications for Cybersecurity

Vulnerabilities in software are common with several thousands of them being disclosed annually by software security researchers. The public, however, has only recently become aware of software flaws and their implications for Internet security. Prominent examples that shaped this awareness include the Stuxnet cyberattacks that exploited multiple software vulnerabilities, and the Snowden revelation of the NSA’s use of vulnerabilities for its cyber operations. With the disclosure of the Heartbleed bug in April 2014, the issue of security vulnerabilities hit home closer to general Internet users as they were made aware of a severe flaw in a widely implemented security protocol. It prompted the U.S. intelligence community to release an official statement that denied knowledge of the OpenSSL vulnerability. The White House followed suit with an explanation of the U.S. government’s vulnerability disclosure policy. Drawing on media reports, technical security briefs and recently released government documents, this paper will shed light on historical and current debates about whether and under what circumstances security flaws should be either disclosed or concealed. It will (1) analyze the U.S. government’s policy that honors national security and law enforcement interests over public disclosure, (2) examine newly emerging bug bounty programs of software vendors as a new mode of disclosure that rewards security researchers for reporting security flaws, and (3) discusses the role of export controls to prohibit the proliferation of knowledge and technology related to vulnerability discovery and security research. The considerable implications of software vulnerabilities on critical information infrastructure makes the policy-making around vulnerability disclosure a critical and current topic. Questions about disclosure norms and behavior of private, commercial and state actors with regard to vulnerability disclosure, acquisition, and handling will play an increasingly important role in the cybersecurity debates in the near future. Please do not consider for presentation in the poster session
TRANSITING PLANETS WITH LSST. II. PERIOD DETECTION OF PLANETS ORBITING 1 M⊙ HOSTS

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will photometrically monitor ~109 stars for 10 years. The resulting light curves can be used to detect transiting exoplanets. In particular, as demonstrated by Lund et al., LSST will probe stellar populations currently undersampled in most exoplanet transit surveys, including out to extragalactic distances. In this paper we test the efficiency of the box-fitting least-squares (BLS) algorithm for accurately recovering the periods of transiting exoplanets using simulated LSST data. We model planets with a range of radii orbiting a solar-mass star at a distance of 7 kpc, with orbital periods ranging from 0.5 to 20 days. We find that standard-cadence LSST observations will be able to reliably recover the periods of Hot Jupiters with periods shorter than ~3 days; however, it will remain a challenge to confidently distinguish these transiting planets from false positives. At the same time, we find that the LSST deep-drilling cadence is extremely powerful: the BLS algorithm successfully recovers at least 30% of sub-Saturn-size exoplanets with orbital periods as long as 20 days, and a simple BLS power criterion robustly distinguishes ~98% of these from photometric (i.e., statistical) false positives.
Fly in the Bowl of Milk: The Illusion of Inclusion

When I came to Arizona in 1987 there were approximately 25 African-American attorneys admitted to the State Bar. Today there are an estimated 161 African-American attorneys admitted out of 19, 420. African-American attorneys practicing law in Arizona make up less than one per cent of the entire Bar Association membership. However, one has to look at the membership numbers in perspective to the Black population of Arizona and the African-Americans graduating from college.
Organic Modifiers Promote Furfuryl Alcohol Ring Hydrogenation via Surface Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions

Interactions between surface adsorbed species can affect catalyst reactivity, and thus, the ability to tune these interactions is of considerable importance. Deposition of organic modifiers provide...
Sexual Identity and Self-Rated Health in Midlife: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

Purpose: This study examined health disparities among U.S. sexual minority people in midlife—a critical life course stage that is largely overlooked in the sexual minority health literature. Method...
Validation of Artificial Intelligence Severity Assessment in Metopic Craniosynostosis

OBJECTIVE Several severity metrics have been developed for metopic craniosynostosis, including a recent machine learning-derived algorithm. This study assessed the diagnostic concordance between machine learning and previously published severity indices. DESIGN Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of patients who underwent surgical correction of metopic craniosynostosis were quantitatively analyzed for severity. Each scan was manually measured to derive manual severity scores and also received a scaled metopic severity score (MSS) assigned by the machine learning algorithm. Regression analysis was used to correlate manually captured measurements to MSS. ROC analysis was performed for each severity metric and were compared to how accurately they distinguished cases of metopic synostosis from controls. RESULTS In total, 194 CT scans were analyzed, 167 with metopic synostosis and 27 controls. The mean scaled MSS for the patients with metopic was 6.18 ± 2.53 compared to 0.60 ± 1.25 for controls. Multivariable regression analyses yielded an R-square of 0.66, with significant manual measurements of endocranial bifrontal angle (EBA) (P = 0.023), posterior angle of the anterior cranial fossa (p < 0.001), temporal depression angle (P = 0.042), age (P < 0.001), biparietal distance (P < 0.001), interdacryon distance (P = 0.033), and orbital width (P < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated a high diagnostic value of the MSS (AUC = 0.96, P < 0.001), which was comparable to other validated indices including the adjusted EBA (AUC = 0.98), EBA (AUC = 0.97), and biparietal/bitemporal ratio (AUC = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS The machine learning algorithm offers an objective assessment of morphologic severity that provides a reliable composite impression of severity. The generated score is comparable to other severity indices in ability to distinguish cases of metopic synostosis from controls.
Psychological Consequences of AIDS and AIDS-Related Complex

The strongest predictor of developing an HIV-related disease is the amount of time that has elapsed since viral exposure (Moss et al., 1987). Even if HIV transmission rates could be stopped immediately or a vaccine were quickly developed, the number of new ARC and AIDS cases will continue to increase for years to come since millions of persons are already infected with the virus. From 10 to 43% of HIV-seropositive persons develop AIDS within 5 years after infection, with increasing risk over time (Collier, Murphy, Roberts, & Handsfield, 1987; Lange et al., 1987; Moss et al., 1987). In light of these estimates, an additional 700,000 persons can be predicted to require treatment for ARC and AIDS within the next 5 years.
Staphylococcal nuclease (Foggi strain). II. The amino acid sequence.

Abstract The amino acid sequence of staphylococcal nuclease isolated from cultures of strain Foggi is presented. Except for some uncertainty concerning the states of amidation of glutamic acid residues 73, 75, 129, and 131 and aspartic acid residues 77, 83, 138, 143, 144, and 146, the total sequence of nuclease from the Foggi strain is the same as that from the V8 strain with the exception of residue 124, which is histidine in the former and leucine in the latter.
Control of the Life Cycle of Methanosarcina mazei S-6 by Manipulation of Growth Conditions

The morphology of Methanosarcina mazei was controlled by magnesium, calcium, and substrate concentrations and by inoculum size; these factors allowed manipulation of the morphology and interconversions between pseudosarcinal aggregates and individual, coccoid cells. M. mazei grew as aggregates in medium with a low concentration of catabolic substrate (either 50 mM acetate, 50 mM methanol, or 10 mM trimethylamine) unless Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations were high. Growth in medium high in Ca2+, Mg2+, and substrate (i.e., 150 mM acetate, 150 mM methanol, or 40 mM trimethylamine) converted pseudosarcinal aggregates to individual cocci. In such media, aggregates separated into individual cells which continued to grow exclusively as single cells during subsequent transfers. Conversion of single cells back to aggregates was complicated, because conditions which supported the aggregated morphology (e.g., low calcium or magnesium concentration) caused lysis of coccoid inocula. We recovered aggregates from coccoid cells by inoculating serial dilutions into medium high in calcium and magnesium. Cells from very dilute inocula grew into aggregates which disaggregated on continued incubation. However, timely transfer of the aggregates to medium low in calcium, magnesium, and catabolic substrates allowed continued growth as aggregates. We demonstrated the activity of the enzyme (disaggregatase) which caused the dispersion of aggregates into individual cells; disaggregatase was produced not only during disaggregation but also in growing cultures of single cells. Uronic acids, the monomeric constituents of the Methanosarcina matrix, were also produced during disaggregation and during growth as coccoids.
IRAS Cirrus Observations and the Nature of Dust

Two theories regarding the nature of interstellar dust are considered. One, “MRN”, has bare silicate and carbon particles. The other, by Greenberg and his associates, has silicates with refractory mantles providing the extinction in the visible region of the spectrum. Some relevant observations are reviewed. The most important of these is the fact that linear polarization reaches a maximum at the same wavelength at which the circular polarization goes through zero; this fact implies that the polarizing grains, which apparently are silicates, are nonabsorbing. Since the albedo of real dust is well below unity, there must be another component besides the silicates which provides the absorption. The nature of the absorbing component, and of others, is discussed. The IRAS cirrus 60/100 µm color is that predicted by MRN. The 12/100 µm color is indicating the emission of the 11.4 µm band which is seen in many objects, and which has plausibly been attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It seems to vary in strength from one region to another. The 20 µm band may be influenced by silicate emission in the 18 µm band.
A Unique Beekeeping Enterprise in Colombia

A national beekeeping industry may be strengthened by apicultural development programmes, or by the actions of individual entrepreneurs. Development programmes, usually initiated by governments or private institutions, promote beekeeping by training prospective beekeepers and by facilitating the purchase of beekeeping equipment. Private individuals, acting independently of development programmes, obtain both instruction and equipment from other beekeepers, for the sole purpose of establishing their own apiaries. This report concerns a private beekeeping enterprise, Proapicolas Ltda, unique for its inclusion of a technical assistance programme, which I directed in Colombia from February 1979 to January 1980.
Difficult-to-treat-pediatric Crohn’s disease: focus on adalimumab

Adalimumab is a fully humanized anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody that was recently granted regulatory approval in the USA for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD) in children. Like infliximab, the first biologic agent used to treat pediatric CD, regulatory approval was secured many years following approval for adults. The long delay between adult and pediatric approval has led to many years of off-label use of adalimumab, although it is anticipated that the use of adalimumab may further increase with official regulatory approval. To date, pediatric literature on the use of adalimumab for treatment of CD is limited, and pediatric practitioners have mostly extrapolated from research and experience provided by the adult literature. The aim of this paper is to review the literature regarding adalimumab for the treatment of pediatric CD, and includes a review of landmark adult studies as well as the pivotal pediatric study that facilitated regulatory approval. We also discuss the role of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents including adalimumab in the current treatment paradigm for pediatric CD.
Contribution of income to self-management and health outcomes in pediatric type 1 diabetes

Low income has been established as a risk factor for poorer outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes; however, the effect of moderate income has not been studied. The purpose of this secondary analysis of baseline data from a multi-site study was to compare glycemic control, self-management, and psychosocial outcomes [depression, stress, and quality of life (QOL)] at different income levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Youth (n = 320, mean age = 12.3 + 1.1, 55% female, 64% white, mean A1C = 8.3 ± 1.4) completed established self-management and psychosocial measures. A1C levels were collected from medical records. Caregivers reported annual family income, categorized as high (>$80K), moderate ($40-80K), or low (<$40K). Youth from high-income families had significantly lower A1C (mean = 7.9 ± 1.2) than those from the moderate-income group (8.6 ± 1.7, p < 0.001) or the low-income group (mean A1C = 8.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.003). Youth from the high-income group reported significantly better diabetes problem solving and more self-management goals than those from the moderate- or low-income groups (both p < 0.01). Youth from the high-income group also reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression, lower levels of perceived stress, and better QOL than those in the moderate or low-income groups (all p < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression models were used to test psychological and behavioral predictors of A1C and QOL. Parents' education status (p < 0.05) and self-management activities (p < 0.01) were significant predictors of hemoglobin A1c, while income (p < 0.01) and self-management activities (p < 0.05) were significant predictors of QOL.
Metabolites as novel biomarkers for childhood obesity‐related traits in Mexican–American children

Aims Although newer approaches have identified several metabolites associated with obesity, there is paucity of such information in pediatric populations, especially among Mexican Americans (MAs) who are at high risk of obesity. Therefore, we performed a global serum metabolite screening in MA children to identify biomarkers of childhood obesity.
The effect of the operator's handedness on some directional stereotypes in control-display relationships.

Recommendations about preferred directions of movement for controls and displays are based almost exclusively on right-handed persons. This experiment has studied some common control-display movement stereotypes to find out if these stereotypes are equally valid for left- and right-handed subjects. Our apparatus presented a scale that could be oriented horizontally or vertically. The numbers on the scale increased either right-to-left or left-to-right for the horizontal scales, or up-to-down or down-to-up for the vertical scales. The linkage between the movement of a control knob and the movement of the hairline on the scale was reversible so that a clockwise rotation of the knob could be made to move the hairline toward either end of the scale. We recorded (1) the direction of the first movement made by the subject on each trial, (2) the total number of reversal movements made on each setting, (3) the time taken to make a setting, and (4) the actual setting made (and so, of course, setting errors). We te...
An approach to gelsemine

Abstract This paper describes the successful construction of a significant portion of the gelsemine structure. Stereochemical control was achieved by the use of the mixed acetal radical cyclization and of a sequential transannular alkylation - Claisen rearrangement sequence.
The Determination of the Absolute Contours of Optical Flats

Emersons procedure is used to determine true absolute contours of optical flats. Absolute contours of standard flats are determined and a comparison is then made between standard and unknown flats. Contour differences are determined by deviation of Fizeau fringe.
Transformer models determine transient voltages

SPACE OCCUPIED BY INSULATION profoundly affects the over-all transformer size and weight, and the cost. The insulation itself is expensive, takes space, and interferes with other functions, as for instance, removal of heat from core and coils, and increases reactance. More important, however, is the fact that additional amounts of copper and iron are required in a transformer because of the space taken up by insulation. For these reasons, in large high-voltage power transformers large dividends, in size, weight, and cost reductions, and in the improvement of some operating characteristics, are obtained by designing the insulation more precisely as to location and amount.
Two-dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Characterization of Ventricular Filling in Real Time by Acoustic Quantification: Comparison with Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography

Little is known about the accuracy of acoustic quantification (AQ in the assessment of left ventricular diastolic filling. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the ability of AQ applied to two-dimensional echocardiography to characterize left ventricular diastolic filling compared with Doppler echocardiography. In 80 unselected patients, AQ of left ventricular diastolic filling was performed during two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. Pulsed Doppler transthoracic echocardiography was performed at the tips of the mitral valve leaflet and the mitral annulus level. In 53 patients with synchronous systolic wall motion, significant correlations were found between AQ-derived versus Doppler-derived indexes obtained from the level of the mitral annulus of peak rate of increase in left ventricular diastolic area versus peak early filling velocity ( r = 0.78; p r = 0.80; p r = 0.80; p
State-resolved translation energy distributions for NCO photodissociation

The photodissociation dynamics of NCO have been examined using fast beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. Excitation of the 102, 301, and 102302 transitions of the B 2Π←X 2Π band produces N(4S)+CO photofragments exclusively, while excitation of the 103303 transition yields primarily N(2D)+CO photoproducts. The translational energy [P(ET)] distributions yield D0(N–CO)=2.34±0.03 eV, and ΔHf,00(NCO)=1.36±0.03 eV. The P(ET) distributions exhibit vibrationally resolved structure reflecting the vibrational and rotational distributions of the CO product. The N(2D)+CO distribution can be fit by phase space theory (PST), while the higher degree of CO rotational excitation for N(4S)+CO products implies that NCO passes through a bent geometry upon dissociation. The P(ET) distributions suggest that when the B 2Π←X 2Π band is excited, NCO undergoes internal conversion to its ground electronic state prior to dissociation. Excitation of NCO at 193 nm clearly leads to the production of N(2D)+CO fragments. Wh...