cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolic activation and detoxication of nephrotoxic cysteine and homocysteine S-conjugates.

Abstract S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-L-homocysteine (DCVHcy), an analogue of the nephrotoxin S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVCys), is a much more potent nephrotoxin than DCVCys both in vivo and in isolated renal proximal tubular cells. S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-DL-alpha-methylhomocysteine, at equimolar doses relative to DCVHcy, is not nephrotoxic. Agents that inhibit pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes (DL-propargylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid) or renal organic anion transport (probenecid) protect against DCVHcy-induced nephrotoxicity. With kidney cytosol, DCVHcy or the analogue S-(2-benzothiazolyl)-L-homocysteine (BTHcy) is not metabolized to 2-ketobutyrate, but 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is a metabolite of BTHcy and the Vmax for its formation is enhanced by addition of 2-ketobutyrate. These results are consistent with a bioactivation mechanism for DCVHcy that involves enzymatic deamination followed by a nonenzymatic beta-elimination to produce two reactive intermediates--i.e., S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)thiol and 2-keto-3-butenoic acid. The Km values for the N-acetylation of DCVCys and DCVHcy by kidney microsomal N-acetyltransferase are similar, but the rate of DCVCys N-acetylation is 4-fold greater than the rate measured with DCVHcy as the substrate. Thus, the remarkable nephrotoxic potency of DCVHcy compared with DCVCys may be attributable to intrarenal differences in activation and detoxication.
Developmentally induced, muscle-specific trans factors control the differential splicing of alternative and constitutive troponin T exons

Alternative RNA splicing is a ubiquitous process permitting single genes to encode multiple protein isoforms. Here we report experiments in which a gene construct, containing combinatorial Troponin T (TnT) exons that manifest an exceptional diversity of alternative splicing in vivo, has been transfected into muscle and nonmuscle cells. Analyses of the spliced RNAs show that the alternative TnT exons retain their capacity for differential splicing in the modified minigene context when introduced into a variety of nonmuscle and muscle cells. The patterns of alternative splicing differ depending on cell type. Only in differentiated myotubes are the alternative exons normally incorporated during splicing, reproducing their behavior in the native gene; they are excluded in nonmuscle cells and myoblasts that do not express the endogenous TnT. These results provide proof that trans factors required for correct alternative splicing are induced during myogenesis. Surprisingly, such factors are also required for the correct splicing of constitutive TnT exons.
The Effect of Transverse Shear Deformation on the Natural Frequencies of Layered Composite Paraboloidal Shells

An analysis is presented for the study of the effect of transverse shear deformation on the natural frequencies of layered composite paraboloidal shells. The applicability of linear shell theory due to Reissner is assumed and governing equations are solved for the natural frequencies using the transfer matrix approach. The results of the present analysis are compared with the results for paraboloidal shells reported in the literature and good agreement is found. Transverse shear deformation effects are carried out separately for axisymmetric torsional vibration modes, axisymmetric bending-extensional vibration modes and nonsymmetric vibration modes. The variation of the effect of transverse shear deformation with respect to different rim boundary conditions, geometry of the paraboloid, material type (isotropic-orthotropic), lamination arrangement and particular meridional and circumferential vibration modes is investigated.
Improved Algorithms for the Lowest Few Eigenvalues and Associated Eigenvectors of Large Matrices

Abstract Some modifications of Davidson's eigenvalue algorithm are discussed and their performances on a number of test cases are assessed. They are found to offer improvements over the original algorithm. A method for solving the equations stemming from the quasi degenerate variational perturbation theory is presented. Solutions can be obtained as simply as with the eigenvalue algorithm for both ground and excited states.
Spawning ecology of the American brook lamprey, Lampetra appendix

We observed spawning American brook lamprey, Lampetra appendix, in coldwater streams in Minnesota to assess various aspects of their spawning behavior and spawning habitat requirements. Spawning occurred during April and May, at water temperatures ranging from 8.7 to 15.5°C. Average adult lamprey length and mass differed significantly among streams, but there were no significant differences in length or mass between males and females. Overall sex ratio was 1:1, although one stream had significantly more males than females and one stream held significantly more females. Lampreys spawned in groups of 2–14 individuals, averaging 4.2 adults per nest across all streams. Nests were constructed in gravel and cobble substrate just upstream of riffles, spaced at an average density of three nests m−2. The typical nest was 16 cm in diameter in water 31 cm deep with a bottom current velocity of 14 cm s−1, and was excavated to a depth of 4 cm below the stream bottom; however, some nest characteristics varied significantly in a few streams. Nests were larger in streams with larger spawning groups, deeper water, and slower current velocities. American brook lamprey exhibited spawning behaviors and spawning habitat requirements similar to those of other species of lamprey in North America.
The Portfolio Implications of Gold Investment

This article investigates the use of gold as an investment asset. The data consist of U.S. and foreign equity returns from 1975 to 2005. The results indicate that investment in gold is inferior to a simple buy-and-hold strategy of U.S. equities over the long term. Gold is often believed to provide potential as a defensive asset, given its low correlation with U.S. equities. However, a portfolio optimization technique using actual and simulated data indicates that the long-term portfolio benefits of holding gold are marginal at best
Serum Protein-bound Hexose in Diabetes: The Effect of Glycemic Control

To determine whether the carbohydrate content of serum proteins is related to overall glycemic control, we studied serum protein-bound hexose and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA 1(a+b+c) ] in 37 ambulant diabetic patients and 32 nondiabetic controls. Proteinbound hexose was correlated with HbA 1(a+b+c) in the diabetic patients ( r = 0.36, P P 1(a+b+c) 1(a+b+c) were significantly reduced during a period of intensive outpatient care, while two major serum glycoproteins, haptoglobins and alpha-1-antitrypsin, were unchanged. Our findings support the hypothesis that increased glycosylation of serum proteins may occur in diabetes mellitus; this abnormality in serum protein-bound hexose may be corrected by close attention to overall glycemic control.
Antifungal Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

The critical role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the selection and dosing of antimicrobial therapeutics, including antifungal agents, has gained increasing recognition [1–4]. The study of pharmacokinetics involves understanding the interaction of a drug with the host, including measurements of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The study of antimicrobial pharmacodynamics provides insight into the link between drug pharmacokinetics, in vitro susceptibility, and treatment outcome. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index and magnitude associated with efficacy can be helpful for clinicians to predict therapeutic success/failure, guide optimal dosing levels and intervals, aid in susceptibility breakpoint development, guide therapeutic drug monitoring, and limit potential adverse outcomes, including toxicity and the development of resistance [5–8]. Numerous in vitro, animal, and clinical studies have been instrumental in characterizing the pharmacodynamic activity of the clinically available antifungal drug classes, including triazoles, polyenes, flucytosine, and echinocandins [6–18]. The analyses of data with these antifungal drug classes have identified distinct pharmacodynamic characteristics that result in different optimal dosing strategies. Accumulating clinical data have also become available with several antifungals that allow pharmacodynamic data analyses [19–25]. Most often the results of these investigations have corroborated information from experimental models. The following chapter outlines the pharmacodynamic characteristics of antifungals and presents evidence of the clinical relevance of these concepts.
On the Incongruity of Program Objectives and Project Evaluation: An Example from the Reclamation Program

In public programs project evaluation is often based on an objective that is more specific than the general objectives of the program. In such situations, benefits may be underestimated. The magnitude of this underestimation is assessed for a proposed reclamation project in Southern Idaho.
De novo assembly of the chimpanzee transcriptome from NextGen mRNA sequences

Background Common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) are the species most closely related to humans. For this reason, it is especially important to have complete and accurate chimpanzee nucleotide and protein sequences to understand how humans evolved their unique capabilities. We provide transcriptome data from four untransformed cell types derived from the reference Pan troglodytes, “Clint”, to better annotate the chimpanzee genome and provide empirical validation for proposed gene models of this important species.
Vortex core identification in viscous hydrodynamics.

We describe a software package designed for the investigation of topological fluid dynamics with a novel algorithm for locating and tracking vortex cores. The package is equipped with modules for generating desired vortex knots and links and evolving them according to the Navier–Stokes equations, while tracking and visualizing them. The package is parallelized using a message passing interface for a multiprocessor environment and makes use of a computational steering library for dynamic user intervention.
A process for identifying the skills needed for operating in a self‐directed work team in a manufacturing setting

Purpose – The paper sets out to show that more and more firms are employing employee involvement systems to enhance motivation, employee performance and organizational productivity. Managers often attempt to install teams into a traditional manufacturing process by finding elements that they believe will “work” in that setting. While they typically do a very good job at this cut and paste approach, they often suboptimize the potential of the team structure. They do not take advantage of a “full scale” Self‐Directed Work Team (SDWT) system.Design/methodology/approach – In the paper it is revealed that this often results from two conditions that exist in organizations that already exist in which managers attempt to insert teams or from one of these two conditions that apply to start‐up situations as well.Findings – The paper finds that one of these conditions that exists for traditional, existing organizations is the problem of existing systems – accounting, personnel, operating, etc. systems. Managers have...
Common medications and drugs: how they affect male fertility

Numerous drugs and medications have been shown to have adverse effects on male fertility, acting through diverse mechanisms. These drugs are summarized in Table 2. Mechanisms of impaired fertility include direct effects on germ cells or their supporting cells, effects on the delicately balanced HPG axis, effects on erectile or ejaculatory function, and effects on libido. In a thorough fertility evaluation of the male partner, the physician should determine what medication the patient is taking and his social habits involving alcohol consumption, tobacco, and recreational drug use. Most adverse effects from drugs and medications can be reversed by simply discontinuing the offending agents; however, in some instances, such as chemotherapeutic regimens, the medications cannot be discontinued, and pretreatment sperm cryopreservation remains critical. It is essential for urologists treating infertile men to be familiar with the more commonly encountered drugs and medications that may affect the potential for fertility.
Women recovering from acute myocardial infarction: psychosocial and physical functioning outcomes for 12 months after acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the recovery trajectories for women after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Design: The study was designed as a prospective, comparative, longitudinal, convenience sample. Setting: The study was set in 5 West Coast major medical centers and 1 northeastern major medical center. Patients: The subjects were 76 women (81% white, 19% African American; mean age, 67.8 years) with AMI. Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), a measure of cardiac and physical functional capacity; the Profile of Mood States (POMS), a measure of mood disturbance; the Mastery instrument, a sense of mastery in one's life; and the Support Requirements Interview, a measurement of needs for social support and assistance during recovery. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance results revealed that white women recovered more quickly than did African American women, with DASI scores approximately 50% better. POMS and Mastery results improved over time for both groups, with limited differences between African American and white women. At 6 weeks after AMI, age, social support, and mastery contributed significantly and predicted 42% of the variance in functional status (DASI) and 44% of the variance in mood disturbance as measured with the POMS. Conclusion: African American women and white women have similar recovery trajectories in terms of psychosocial recovery from AMI but different physical recovery trajectories. (Heart Lung® 2002;31:399-410.)
A Cautious Balance: The Question of Turkey in World War II

(2001). A Cautious Balance: The Question of Turkey in World War II. The Historian: Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 63-80.
Successful Treatment of Mediastinitis in a Young Child by Omental Translocation Following Extracardiac Fontan Graft Placement

Mediastinitis after a midline sternotomy can become a serious complication, especially after implantation of prosthetic vascular grafts. We present a case of a three-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who developed mediastinitis following his third-stage palliation (Fontan operation). Rather than following the "traditional" surgical therapy of graft explantation, debridement, and replacement, we chose to preserve the graft and protect it by omental translocation. The relative merits of this therapeutic approach, which is rarely utilized and underappreciated in children, are outlined and discussed.
Switching of NR5A Proteins Associated with the Inhibin α-Subunit Gene Promoter after Activation of the Gene in Granulosa Cells

The inhibin alpha-subunit gene is transcriptionally activated by FSH in ovarian granulosa cells during follicular growth. We have investigated the roles of the NR5A family nuclear receptors steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) in transcriptional activation of the inhibin alpha-subunit gene. Transfection assays using an inhibin alpha-subunit promoter reporter in GRMO2 granulosa cells show that LRH-1 and SF-1 act similarly to increase promoter activity, and that the activity of both transcription factors is augmented by the coactivators cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein and steroid receptor coactivator 1. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments illustrate differential dynamic association of LRH-1 and SF-1 with the alpha-subunit inhibin promoter in both primary cells and the GRMO2 granulosa cell line such that hormonal stimulation of transcription results in an apparent replacement of SF-1 with LRH-1. Transcriptional stimulation of the inhibin alpha-subunit gene is dependent on MAPK kinase activity, as is the dynamic association/disassociation of SF-1 and LRH-1 with the promoter. Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway influences promoter occupancy and transcriptional activation by SF-1 but not LRH-1, suggesting a possible mechanistic basis for the distinct functions of these NR5A proteins in inhibin alpha-subunit gene regulation.
The Demise of Education or the Eclipse of Compassion? Exploring the Causes of Academic Underachievement:

Many stakeholders are concerned with the apparent failure of schools to facilitate children achieving at high levels. One explanation of the failure of schools takes a more narrowly focused educational view. In this perspective, the problem is one of inadequate standards and poor teachers. In a second, broadly societal view, the problem of student achievement seems to be a complex societal problem, not easily amendable to strictly educational solutions. The two positions are compared and contrasted. Examples of societal factors affecting student achievement are explored. It is suggested that the broadly societal view provides a better explanation of why students fail to succeed.
Hydrogen sulfide and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Abstract Gasotransmitters are lipid soluble, endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecules that freely permeate the plasma membrane of a cell to directly activate intracellular targets, thus alleviating the need for membrane-bound receptors. The gasotransmitter family consists of three members: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). H 2 S is the latest gasotransmitter to be identified and characterized and like the other members of the gasotransmitter family, H 2 S was historically considered to be a toxic gas and an environmental/occupational hazard. However with the discovery of its presence and enzymatic production in mammalian tissues, H 2 S has gained much attention as a physiological signaling molecule. Also, much like NO and CO, H 2 S's role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has recently begun to be elucidated. As such, modulation of endogenous H 2 S and administration of exogenous H 2 S has now been demonstrated to be cytoprotective in various organ systems through diverse signaling mechanisms. This review will provide a detailed description of the role H 2 S plays in different model systems of I/R injury and will also detail some of the mechanisms involved with its cytoprotection.
A summary of recent findings on birth outcomes and developmental effects of prenatal ETS, PAH, and pesticide exposures

Inner-city minority populations are high-risk groups for adverse birth outcomes and also more likely to be exposed to environmental contaminants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), benzo[a]pyrene B[a]P, other ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (global PAHs), and residential pesticides. The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) is conducting a prospective cohort study of 700 northern Manhattan pregnant women and newborns to examine the effects of prenatal exposure to these common toxicants on fetal growth, early neurodevelopment, and respiratory health. This paper summarizes results of three published studies demonstrating the effects of prenatal ETS, PAH, and pesticides on birth outcomes and/or neurocognitive development [Perera FP, Rauh V, Whyatt RM, Tsai WY, Bernert JT, Tu YH, et al. Molecular evidence of an interaction between prenatal environment exposures on birth outcomes in a multiethnic population. Environ Health Perspect 2004;12:630-62; Rauh VA, Whyatt RM, Garfinkel R, Andrews H, Hoepner L, Reyes A, et al. Developmental effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and material hardship among inner-city children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2004;26:373-85; Whyatt RM, Rauh V, Barr DB, Camann DE, Andrews HF, Garfinkel R, et al. Prenatal insecticide exposures, birth weight and length among an urban minority cohort. Environ Health Perspect, in press]. To evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to ETS, PAHs, and pesticides, researchers analyzed questionnaire data, cord blood plasma (including biomarkers of ETS and pesticide exposure), and B[a]P-DNA adducts (a molecular dosimeter of PAHs). Self-reported ETS was associated with decreased head circumference (P = 0.04), and there was a significant interaction between ETS and adducts such that combined exposure had a significant multiplicative effect on birth weight (P = 0.04) and head circumference (P = 0.01) after adjusting for confounders. A second analysis examined the neurotoxic effects of prenatal ETS exposure and postpartum material hardship (unmet basic needs in the areas of food, housing, and clothing) on 2-year cognitive development. Both exposures depressed cognitive development (P < 0.05), and there was a significant interaction such that children with exposure to both ETS and material hardship exhibited the greatest cognitive deficit (7.1 points). A third analysis found that cord chlorpyrifos, and a combined measure of cord chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur-metabolite, were inversely associated with birth weight and/or length (P < 0.05). These results underscore the importance of policies that reduce exposure to ETS, air pollution, and pesticides with potentially adverse effects on fetal growth and child neurodevelopment.
Epidermal growth factor induces tyrosine phosphorylation and reorganization of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in A431 cells

Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to A431 human epidermal carcinoma cells results in actin reorganization and phosphorylation of several cytoskeletal proteins. In the present study, we found that EGF treatment of this cell line also results in the redistribution and tyrosine phosphorylation of ZO-1. In normal polarized epithelial cells, ZO-1 is restricted to the cytoplasmic surface of the most apical of the intercellular junctions, the tight junction. In contrast, ZO-1 in the majority of unstimulated A431 cells in small subconfluent islands colocalizes with actin along the lateral cell membranes and in rare microspikes and membrane ruffles. Exposure to EGF results in a transient redistribution of actin into an apically positioned ring. ZO-1 becomes highly focused at apical sites of cell contact and co-localizes with the newly formed band of perijunctional actin. Coincidently, ZO-1 and another tight junction protein, ZO-2, become transiently phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, as determined by anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting. Pre-treatment of A431 cells with cytochalasin D, which disrupts normal microfilament organization, does not affect EGF-dependent phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. However, cytochalasin D pretreatment blocks both the EGF-induced ZO-1 rearrangement and tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that these responses are dependent on an intact actin microfilament system. We speculate that the transient tyrosine phosphorylation of ZO-1 in response to EGF treatment may be involved in remodeling of intercellular junctions in A431 cells.
Predicting East Coast Winter Storm Frequencies from Midtropospheric Geopotential Height Patterns

Abstract Relationships between a previously developed U.S. East Coast winter storm (ECWS) climatology and atmospheric circulation patterns derived from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data during 1958–97 have been investigated. Composites of normalized height difference, defined as the difference in monthly mean standardized 500-mb height anomalies between active and inactive ECWS seasons, reveal two dipoles, one over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the other over the central North Atlantic Ocean, which may have seasonal forecasting utility. An October-mean dipolar pattern yielding stronger (weaker) than normal 500-mb geostrophic westerlies over the eastern Pacific (North Atlantic) skillfully predicts, in the data, greater than normal ECWS activity during the following November–April period. Active ECWS seasons follow other combinations of October-mean dipoles in the data, depending upon the phase of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation. On shorter time scales, 7-day-mean ECWS activity was positively (negatively...
Manipulation of surface plasmon polariton propagation on isotropic and anisotropic two-dimensional materials coupled to boron nitride heterostructures

We present a comprehensive analysis of surface plasmonpolaritondispersioncharacteristics associated with isotropic and anisotropic two-dimensional atomically thin layered materials (2D sheets) coupled to h-BN heterostructures. A scattering matrix based approach is presented to compute the electromagnetic fields and related dispersioncharacteristics of stacked layered systems composed of anisotropic 2D sheets and uniaxial bulk materials. We analyze specifically the surface plasmonpolariton (SPP) dispersioncharacteristics in case of isolated and coupled two-dimensional layers with isotropic and anisotropic conductivities. An analysis based on residue theorem is utilized to identify optimum optical parameters (surface conductivity) and geometrical parameters (separation between layers) to maximize the SPP field at a given position. The effect of type and degree of anisotropy on the shapes of iso-frequency curves and propagation characteristics is discussed in detail. The analysis presented in this paper gives an insight to identify optimum setup to enhance the SPP field at a given position and in a given direction on the surface of two-dimensional materials.
A Proposed Model to Investigate the Role of Education in the Success of Military Strategy in Florida during the Second Seminole War (1835–1842)

The Second Seminole War began in Florida in 1835 as a response to increasing hostilities with the Seminole Indians. Various strategies were employed by the United States military, such as relocating the Seminoles onto a reservation within the state of Florida or to a reservation in Oklahoma, but these were largely unsuccessful. One reason for this failure may be traced back to the way the officers of the U.S. Army at that time were educated at West Point Military Academy in New York. West Point had adopted a French-style education system, focusing heavily on engineering, geometry, and philosophy. Florida’s unique swamp-filled landscape was unlike anything previously encountered by the military, however. Effectiveness was also hampered by the fact that much of the interior of the state was unmapped and unexplored. Using GIS and the modern military analysis method of “key terrain, observation and fields of fire, cover and concealment, obstacles, and avenues of approach,” or KOCOA, the interplay between standardized military training and adaptation to a novel environment will be discussed using the Second Seminole War in Florida as a case study.
Structure of a Bacterial Virus DNA-Injection Protein Complex Reveals a Decameric Assembly with a Constricted Molecular Channel.

The multi-layered cell envelope structure of Gram-negative bacteria represents significant physical and chemical barriers for short-tailed phages to inject phage DNA into the host cytoplasm. Here we show that a DNA-injection protein of bacteriophage Sf6, gp12, forms a 465-kDa, decameric assembly in vitro. The electron microscopic structure of the gp12 assembly shows a ~150-A, mushroom-like architecture consisting of a crown domain and a tube-like domain, which embraces a 25-A-wide channel that could precisely accommodate dsDNA. The constricted channel suggests that gp12 mediates rapid, uni-directional injection of phage DNA into host cells by providing a molecular conduit for DNA translocation. The assembly exhibits a 10-fold symmetry, which may be a common feature among DNA-injection proteins of P22-like phages and may suggest a symmetry mismatch with respect to the 6-fold symmetric phage tail. The gp12 monomer is highly flexible in solution, supporting a mechanism for translocation of the protein through the conduit of the phage tail toward the host cell envelope, where it assembles into a DNA-injection device.
Introducing Corporate Criminal Liability in Ukraine: Terra Incognita

Modern political developments, globalized economy, and further synchronization of legal systems around the world provide a unique forum for expanding existing national-law frameworks, establishing new principles and doctrines of law. Criminal law is everything but an exception. New international threats, such as terrorism, economic criminality and public corruption, require deep rethinking of national and international criminal law regimes respectively. This Article is focused on the advantages and flaws of corporate criminal liability in yet another European jurisdiction – in Ukraine. American corporate liability model will serve its virtual “sparring partner” role for the purposes of evaluating both progress and potential pitfalls on Ukraine’s way to establishing effective legal framework to combat corporate crime.The Criminal Code of Ukraine (“CCU”) has been recently amended by introducing quasi-criminal liability for organizations in the form of specific criminal law measures. This by all means historical legislative step highlights a few significant points. First, from now on liability may be imposed on an artificial legal entity – not just a natural person. Second, Ukraine is serious about its commitment to becoming a member of the European Union. Finally, at this point of the national criminal law developments in the direction of democracy, rule of law, and free-market economy neither judiciary, law enforcement, nor legal community in general are willing to accept criminal corporate liability statutes, due to their novelty and absence of meaningful and comprehensive doctrinal explanation. Meanwhile Ukrainian legal commentary remain quite skeptical about the current model of corporate liability and argue that the traditional approach to individual criminal liability should remain the only remedy available.
Single versus Dual Attachment in the Adsorption of Diisocyanates at the Ge(100)-2 × 1 Surface

Adsorption of bifunctional molecules on semiconductor surfaces must be understood in order to design systems that expose a free functional group on the surface for applications such as film growth by molecular layer deposition. In this study, we use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations to investigate the adsorption of three diisocyanate molecules, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane (1,4-DICB), 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate (1,3-PDIC), and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (1,4-PDIC), on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface. All three molecules undergo preferential [2 + 2] cycloaddition across the C═N bond of the isocyanate, but they differ in the fraction that reacts with the surface through one or both isocyanate groups. All three adsorbates also form measurable quantities of side products involving less favorable [2 + 2] cycloaddition across the C═O bond of the isocyanate. Our study shows that changing the backbone of a bifunctional molecule can have a lar...
When Do All k-Sequences Modulo m Have Period One?

(1973). When Do All k-Sequences Modulo m Have Period One? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 295-297.
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SECONDARY TO A PULMONARY ARTERY SLING

Anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) from the right pulmonary artery (RPA), or pulmonary artery (PA) sling, is a rare anomaly presenting with respiratory distress and requiring surgical correction. A 6-week old male infant with Trisomy 21 and a small to moderate-sized perimembranous
Using Bedside Ultrasonography to Diagnose Pneumonia

Shah VP, Tunik GM, Tsung JW. Prospective evaluation of point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children and young adults. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012; 167 (2): 119– 125; doi: 10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.107[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2] Investigators from New York University Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital in New York City conducted a study to assess the utility of ultrasound (US) as a tool for diagnosing pneumonia in children. Patients ≤21 years old who underwent chest radiography for possible pneumonia in the emergency department (ED) were prospectively enrolled. Study participants underwent clinical examination and chest US performed by study sonologists, who were ED physicians who had received 1 hour of training on performing the test and evaluating the results. Prior to US, study sonologists examined patients and recorded their clinical impression. Chest radiographs were read by an attending pediatric radiologist who was blinded to auscultation and US results. To minimize inflating US … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArch%2BPediatr%2BAdolesc%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D167%26rft.spage%253D119%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252F2013.jamapediatrics.107%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.107&link_type=DOI
Writing About Shakespeare: 1960-2010

This dataset quantifies writing (in number of articles, books, dissertations, and monographs) about each of Shakespeare’s plays during each year in the period 1960–2010. The information was extracted from the World Shakespeare Bibliography ( www.worldshakesbib.org ).
Online, mixed, and offline media multitasking

This study examined the role of cultural and socio-demographic factors in predicting frequency of media multitasking behavior in three contexts based on the nature of media combination. A model was proposed to study these relationships; group-level cultural factors and socio-demographic factors were incorporated as exogenous variables, and media ownership, preference for multitasking, and frequencies of online, mixed, and offline media multitasking were included as endogenous variables. Data was collected using an online survey. Results indicated that both age and education significantly influenced online multitasking but for offline multitasking behavior, only age had a significant influence. Media ownership and one of the four group-level cultural factors predicted preference for multitasking, and preference for multitasking predicted frequency of media multitasking in all three contexts. Overall, findings highlight the role of cognitive factors as predictors of online media multitasking behavior. Findings also point towards the importance of individual's preference for multitasking in predicting media multitasking behavior across online, offline, and mixed media multitasking contexts. Age was associated with offline media multitasking behavior.Age and education were associated with online media multitasking behavior.Multitasking preference had a central role in predicting media multitasking.
Secure information sharing and access control in plm systems

Modern enterprises operate in a global economy with their operations dispersed across internal processes and external partners. A partner can be a sub-contractor to whom work is outsourced. Enterprises collaborate with their partners through Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems for producing and delivering products and services to consumers. Each partner in a PLM system uses data, generates data and shares data with other partners, and all this collaboration contributes to producing and delivering the products or services. Shared data may contain highly sensitive information such as trade secrets, intellectual property, private organizational or personal information. In large enterprise systems, it is difficult to understand and track data dissemination. The main security challenge in PLM is the unauthorized disclosure and data leakage of information shared among the partners. Existing approaches ensure security within the domain of an organization and don't address protection in a decentralized environment. We propose an approach for secure data dissemination using the Active Bundle scheme. This approach enables organizations to securely share information in their PLM steps and have control over its interaction in external domains.
Lower extremity forces and torques during systematic variation of non-weight bearing motion

ABSTRACT.Component and resultant external forces and torques at ankle, knee, and hip joints of unrestrained lower extremity motion were computed as resultant limb velocities were systematically changed. Cinematographic and modeling techniques were used to analyze 45 trials of five skilled soccer pla
Studies on Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the Gangetic Basin Part II. Descriptions of Ten New Species of Melanagromyza Hendel

AbstractDescriptions of ten new species of the typical tropical genus Melanagromyza Hendel, from the Gangetic basin are given.
Keynes: “The Essential Properties of Interest and Money”

In 1947, Keynes’s biographer, pre-publication critic and collaborator R. F. Harrod summed up the General Theory as follows: The theory of interest is, I think, the central point in his scheme. He departs from old orthodoxy in holding that the failure of the system to move to a position of full activity is not primarily due to friction, rigidity, immobility or to phenomena essentially connected with the trade cycle. If a certain level of interest is established which is inconsistent with full activity, no flexibility or mobility in the other parts of the system will get the system to move to full activity. But this wrong rate of interest, as we may call it, is not itself a rigidity or inflexibility. It is natural, durable, and in a certain sense, in the free system inevitable. That is why he lays what may seem an undue emphasis on the doctrine that interest is essentially the reward not for saving but for parting with liquidity. Given the complex forces affecting liquidity preference, such and such is the rate of interest that will naturally and necessarily and, so long as underlying forces remain unchanged, permanently obtain. Yet that rate of interest may be inconsistent with the full activity of the system.
SY22-3ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL EXPOSURE AND DNA METHYLATION MECHANISMS: A ROLE IN ANXIETY AND ALCOHOLISM IN ADULTHOOD

The DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression leading to specific phenotypes. We investigated the effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol/n-saline (AIE/AIS) exposure in rats during post-natal days (PND) 28-41 with a 2-day on/off paradigm on DNA methylation mechanisms in the amygdala and …
Real-time peak force control in CNC milling

This paper focuses on a peak force milling control system that is an integral component of a real-time process monitoring and control system for CNC milling. In process planning, reference peak forces are selected for each tool move for safe, accurate, and efficient machining. Peak forces are selected based on constraints such as dimensional tolerance and desired chip load. The peak force controller adjusts the feedrate during machining to maintain the reference peak force. This is very important as the tool wears or as unexpected workpiece geometry is encountered. The peak force controller is based on a nonlinear division algorithm that adjusts the feedrate based on a ratio of the desired force to the measured peak force. The stability and performance of this algorithm is investigated by analysis, simulation, and experiment. Describing function analysis of the linearized system shows stable controller behavior for excessive tool wear and unexpected cutting geometry. Simulations using the complete nonlinear equations, along with experiments, verify the good performance of the controller for a number of workpiece materials, including aluminum, steel and Inconel.
Health Services Research: Cardiology in the Changing Health Care Landscape.

Training in cardiology is designed to prepare young physicians to care for their future patients. They gain experience in managing complex disease, mastering procedures, and making difficult clinical decisions: all vital tools to appropriately manage and treat cardiovascular disease. As any
Justice for All

This chapter concludes with a summary of the various perspectives that contributed to the ways in which the obesity problem was defined over time. This chapter also describes the action-oriented responses by public health practitioners and policymakers, the shortcomings associated with each response and how this hindered potential progress in reversing the obesity crisis. A new model to redefine this epidemic is proposed and provides greater accountability to the macro level forces that impede progressive movements. These forces can potentially reverse the trajectory of this epidemic.
IL-13Rα2 signals via MAPK pathways in intestinal epithelial cells and modulates IL-13Rα1 signaling through STAT6

5095 Patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), most particularly ulcerative colitis (UC), are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC), which multiplies with disease duration: there is a 2% incidence of CRC after 10, a 9% after 20, and 19% after 30 years. The initiating trigger of a UC-associated tumor is unknown. Our research is focused on immunological mediators that may promote epithelial cell oncogenesis in IBD-associated cancer. We previously reported low-grade dysplasia in colitic mice manifests after increased mucosal expression of IL-13 is detected. Inhibition of IL-13 activity late in colitis partially reverses inflammation and prevents dysplasia. In addition IL-13 expression by intestinal lamina propria NK T cells from elderly UC, but not control, patients is elevated. We therefore hypothesize that continual exposure to IL-13 in the inflamed colon may advance the onset of colitis-associated CRC. As demonstrated by both flow cytometric and immunoblotting techniques expression of IL-13 receptor chains (IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2) is increased in the epithelium from UC patients and CRC lesions consistent with a possible role for IL-13 in UC-associated CRC in the former situation and in CRC in general for the latter. In addition, we discovered using phospho-specific immunoblotting, epithelial cells from control tissue and non-UC inflammatory lesions expressing lower levels of IL-13Rα2 respond to IL-13 through a signaling pathway that involves ERK 1/2 JNK and p38 along with the canonical STAT6 pathway. However, in epithelial cells from UC lesions and colonic tumors IL-13 does not activate the STAT6 pathway. As these cells express higher levels of IL-13Rα2, we hypothesized that high IL-13Rα2 expression inhibits IL-13 signaling. To test this, signaling through IL-13Rα1 in a colonic epithelial cell line expressing low amounts of IL-13Rα2 was inhibited with a neutralizing antibody. IL-13 induced phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, JNK and p38 but not STAT6, indicating that IL-13Rα2 (considered as non-signaling chain) plays a role in signaling through the former but not the latter pathways. Consistent with our findings in patient’s samples, when IL-13Rα2 expression is increased in this same cell line, IL-13 signaling through STAT6 is inhibited and through MAPK enhanced. Contrary to current belief we conclude that IL-13Rα2 is not a decoy receptor, but instead increased expression of this chain in UC and CRC lesions biases the epithelial cell’s response toward enhanced MAPK signaling, which support increased cell cycle progression among other cellular processes, potentially contributing to unregulated cell growth. Our findings lead to a hypothesis that lower amount of IL-13Rα2 might heterodimerize with another unknown chain to signal through MAPK and higher density of IL-13Rα2 homodimerizes to block its own signaling and also signaling through IL-13Rα1.
Stress-Related Difficulties

An estimated one in three people in the United States report experiencing extreme stress, with approximately 75% of Americans endorsing physical and psychological symptoms related to stress (American Psychological Association, 2008). Excessive stress is associated with psychological distress and is often the precursor to many medical conditions. There is significant research identifying stress as an underlying factor in many health issues and illnesses. For instance, stress has been linked with many chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, allergies, and cardiovascular disorders (Segerstrom & Miller, 2004). Given the association between stress and a multitude of psychological and medical illnesses, behavioral healthcare providers are in an ideal position to evaluate and treat stress.
A Novel Approach for Responsive Neural Stimulator Implantation With Infraclavicular Placement of the Internal Pulse Generator.

INTRODUCTION The Responsive Neurostimulation System (RNS, Neuropace, Mountain View, California) has been proven to be effective at reducing seizures in patients with partial-onset epilepsy. The system incorporates a skull-mounted neurostimulator that requires a cranial incision for replacement. Although integral to the functioning of the system, in some circumstances, such as in the setting of infection, this can be disadvantageous. At present, there are no alternatives to cranial implantation of the RNS System. METHODS We describe a novel procedure enabling implantation of the neurostimulator within the chest wall, using components from a peripheral nerve stimulator. In a patient who achieved complete seizure freedom with the use of the RNS System, distant site implantation provided a viable means of continuing therapy in a setting where device explantation would have otherwise been inevitable as a result of cranial infection. We present continuous electrocorticographic data recorded from the device documenting the performance of the system with the subclavicular neurostimulator. RESULTS Band pass detection rates increased by 50%, while line length detection rates decreased by 50%. The number of detections decreased from 1046 to 846, with a resultant decrease in stimulations. Although there was some compromise of function due to the elevated noise floor, more than 2 yr following the procedure the patient remains free of seizures and infection. CONCLUSION The salvage procedure we describe offered an alternative therapeutic option in a patient with a complicated cranial wound issue, using heterogeneous components with marginal compromises in device functionality and no sacrifice in patient outcome.
Our Ethiopian Connection: Embodied Ethiopian Culture as a Tool in Urban-Contemporary Choreography

Courtney explores aspects of Ethiopian culture and its use in the creative process of an urban contemporary performing artist. In this chapter, the author draws on his own embodied experiences within the African Diaspora to illustrate a few of the theoretical correlations between Ethiopian dances, African continental cultural dances, and popular social dances of the West. He discusses his own practice of Ethio-Modern Dance as a medium for cultural knowledge exchange.
Impact of a stewardship-focused culture follow-up initiative on the treatment of pharyngitis in the emergency department and urgent care settings.

Abstract A culture follow-up program with an emphasis on symptom assessment may limit antibiotic exposure in patients with Group A Streptococcus on throat culture. A quasi-experimental study of such patients was conducted in our Emergency Department and Urgent Care centers. During the prestewardship initiative phase (March 2011–June 2012), the standard of care for culture follow-up did not include symptom assessment prior to prescribing antibiotics. During the stewardship initiative phase (March 2015–June 2016), culture follow-up was completed with a focus on symptom assessment and antibiotic avoidance. Two-hundred eighty patients were included. Antibiotic prescribing at follow-up decreased from 97.0% to 71.3% (P This study demonstrated improved antimicrobial prescribing with initiation of a stewardship-focused culture follow-up program in the Emergency Department and Urgent Care centers.