cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations of Normal Modes from 84 Recordings of the Alaskan Earthquake of 1964 March 28-II. Further Remarks based on new Spheroidal Overtone Data

Summary Using the same records as described in Paper I of this study, we have found 86 spheroidal overtones with periods between 285 and 100 s, radial order numbers from 3 to 25 and phase velocities from approximately 10 km s-' to over 200 km s-'. We discuss the implications of the normal mode-body wave analogy and show how to translate the properties of a mode determined by the energy balance analysis (Dziewonski & Gilbert) and phase and group velocities into an equivalent body wave phase. Corresponding calculations for the observed modes indicate that over one-half of the modes reported here correspond to the rays that bottom in the inner or outer core. Since the normal mode-body wave analogy must aIso extend to the resolving power, it is clear that the amount of information on the structure of this region of the Earth is significantly increased. We report observations of an inner core mode (llS2) coupled with a compressional mode of nearly identical phase velocity (loS,; the observed periods are 246-89 and 247.74 s, respectively). This provides direct proof of solidity of the inner core, because inner core modes could not exist if the inner core were liquid. An argument, based on the coincidence of loSz and ,,S,, is presented that the average shear speed in the inner core must be close to 3.6 km s-', and that dissipation in the inner core is low. Nearly all of the published average overtone periods have been derived from recordings of the Alaskan earthquake; if there existed a strong source bias, the Earth models derived from these data could be erroneous. We investigate this possibility by analysing the consistency of eight sets of average periods of the oSI series for 4 < I < 50. It appears that for this series the source bias may be of the order of 0.03-0.05 per cent. We present an argument that the bias of the overtone periods should not be greater, and probably is less, than this figure. Appendix I contains a table with the Earth models C198 and B497 (Gilbert, Dziewonski & Brune) which were derived using the normal mode data of Dziewonski & Gilbert and those listed in this report; travel-time data and toroidal overtone data (Brune & Gilbert 1973) were also used in derivation of the model B497.
Religious citizenship: the case of the globalised Khōjā

The African Khōjā are an Indic Muslim caste, which began migrating from Sindh and Gujarat to East Africa in the late eighteenth century. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, their economic success in an institutionally underdeveloped region coupled with a strong religious impetus allowed them to build communal municipal institutions throughout the region that both mimicked and replaced the absent state. The insecurity of postcolonial East Africa, such as the 1964 revolution in Zanzibar and the 1972 Ugandan Asian exodus, forced the Khōjā to further expand their bureaucratic apparatus towards foreign policy-migration to Western Europe and North America and requisite institutionalisation. In the twenty-first century, the Khōjā coordinate these communal networks from North America and Western Europe to Asia and Africa towards a religious-based economic development in emerging economies. Their primary identity is religious, defined from within and outwith, using the mechanisms of globalisation to fur...
SPATIAL VARIATION IN FORAGING OF THE BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER ALONG THE SHORELINE OF NORTHERN LAKE HURON'

The Great Lakes strongly influence local climate, vegetation, and animal com- munities, all of which are important to both migrating and breeding birds. This influence can be considerable during springtime in nearshore habitats, as onshore winds depress air temperatures, delaying development of shoreline vegetation relative to inland areas. These developmental differences also may affect abundance, distribution, activity, and growth of insect prey, resulting in spatially-related differences in foraging by birds. Here we test the hypothesis that northern Lake Huron influences the foraging behavior of Black-throated Green Warblers (Dendroica virens) during both migratory periods and the breeding season. We detected spatial variation in a number of variables we used to describe foraging, with most differences occurring during spring migration. We suggest that birds primarily varied foraging in response to spatial differences in prey resulting from microclimatic influences of nearby Lake Huron. We also suggest that emerging aquatic insects in shoreline habitats, primarily midges (Diptera: Chironomidae), are important to birds and propose that this
Histopathological studies of staphylococcal alpha-toxin: effects on rabbit corneas

PURPOSE. Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated, in a rabbit model of keratitis, a relationship between the corneal virulence of Staphylococcus aureus and the alpha-toxin activity of the infecting bacteria. This study is a histopathological characterization of the action of purified alpha-toxin on corneal tissue. METHODS. Alpha-toxin was purified by isoelectric focusing and intrastromally injected into rabbit corneas (2 µg per cornea). A kinetic analysis of toxin effect was performed following injection. Normal corneas and corneas injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or heat-inactivated alpha-toxin in PBS served as controls. Eyes were examined from 0 to 4 h by slit lamp examination (SLE) and scored on the basis of seven ocular parameters. Corneal tissue was removed and examined for histopathological changes. RESULTS. From 0.5 to 4 h post-injection, alpha-toxin injection induced a significant increase in the SLE score relative to untreated eyes or eyes injected with PBS (P < 0....
Cardiovascular health and education as sources of individual variability in cognitive aging among African Americans.

Objective: To examine the interrelated effects of cardiovascular health, education, and cognitive functioning in African Americans. Method: The present study utilized data from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging to examine whether (a) cardiovascular health and educational attainment predicted cognitive functioning, after controlling for age, and (b) there was an interaction between cardiovascular health and education in predicting cognitive functioning. Results: Using hierarchical regression analyses, results showed education was significant for all cognitive measures; however, cardiovascular health was significant for only three. Discussion: These findings suggest that although self-reported cardiovascular health contributes to variability in late life cognition in African Americans, education is a more universal predictor that should be further examined.
Longitudinal assessment of concurrent changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular myocardial tissue characteristics after administration of cardiotoxic chemotherapies using T1-weighted and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Background— In a murine anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity model, increases in cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted signal intensity are associated with myocellular injury and decreases with left ventricular ejection fraction. We sought to determine whether T1- and T2-weighted measures of signal intensity associate with decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction in human subjects receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy. Methods and Results— In 65 individuals with breast cancer (n=51) or a hematologic malignancy (n=14), we measured left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted signal intensity before and 3 months after initiating potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy using blinded, unpaired analysis of cardiovascular magnetic resonance images. Participants were aged 51±12 years, of whom 55% received an anthracycline, 38% received a monoclonal antibody, and 6% received an antimicrotubule agent. Overall, left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 57±6% to 54±7% ( P <0.001) because of an increase in end-systolic volume ( P <0.05). T1-weighted signal intensities also increased from 14.1±5.1 to 15.9±6.8 ( P <0.05), with baseline values trending higher among individuals who received chemotherapy before study enrollment ( P =0.06). Changes in T1-weighted signal intensity did not differ within the 17 LV myocardial segments ( P =0.97). Myocardial edema quantified from T2-weighted images did not change significantly after 3 months ( P =0.70). Conclusions— Concordant with previous animal studies, cardiovascular magnetic resonance measures of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted signal intensity occur commensurate with small but significant left ventricular ejection fraction declines 3 months after the receipt of potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy. These data indicate that changes in T1-weighted signal intensity may serve as an early marker of subclinical injury related to the administration of potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy in human subjects.
Building Envelope Systems with Sprayed Cellular Insulation —A Program for Developing Evaluation Procedures

Components of the research program jointly sponsored by the Institute for Re search in Construction, National Research Council of Canada, and the Polyurethane Division, Society of the Plastics Industry of Canada, are described. The program is designed to improve the means of evaluating and comparing the value-in-use of various residential thermal insulation materials and systems. To assess value-in-use of insulations such as glass fibre, cellulose, and spray-applied products of which sprayed polyurethane foam is one, the performance of the building envelope as a system, in addition to analysing the materials and components, will be considered. Elements of the program will include:• thermal and energy performance,• contribution of the insulation to the air and vapour barrier performance of the en velope system,• interaction with other building components,• changes in the material performance with time.
Orthogonal base functions and consistent diagonal mass matrices for two‐dimensional elements

Orthogonal base functions that are complete first-order polynomials but contain higher order terms are developed for normalized rectangular and triangular elements. To obtain exact expressions for kinetic energy under rigid body rotation, an internal node is introduced at the centroid of each element. Then the corresponding mass matrix is both diagonal and consistent. A mixed variational formulation is used in the derivation of spatially discretized field equations. Central Difference time integration is utilized to provide sample results which are compared with other numerical or analytical solutions.
Ion Rocket Efficiency Studies

The energy losses for a general ion rocket engine using a surface ionization ion source are outlined. The surface ionization efficiency is calculated for all alkali metals on tungsten and for Cs on various base metals assuming no adsorption. The adsorption of Cs on tungsten is analyzed by curves showing work function. The rate of energy loss per unit of current is shown to decrease with temperature. The total major loss which is associated with emission and acceleration can be minimized for an optimum design. An extensive bibliography of surface ionization is included.
An Empirical Study of the Use of Living Versus Deceased Study Subjects: Associations with Liver Cancer in the Selected Cancers Study

Abstract PURPOSE: In case-control studies, the issue of whether living or deceased controls should be used for deceased cases has been controversial. METHODS: Using data from a study of cancer among men that selected both live (n = 1910) and deceased controls (n = 596) for cases of liver cancer (109 deceased, 59 living), we examined the effects of using information from proxy respondents (cases and controls) and from live cases and controls on associations between liver cancer and known risk factors. Cases diagnosed between 1984 and 1988 were selected from eight population-based cancer registries. Live controls were recruited by random digit dialing, deceased controls from death certificate files. Controls were matched to cases on geographic area, year-of-birth, and race. RESULTS: Adjusted odds ratios (OR) calculated for deceased cases and controls, when compared to odds ratios for live cases and controls, were attenuated towards the null value for history of hepatitis (4.7 vs. 14.9), blood transfusions (1.1 vs. 7.8), and cirrhosis (9.3 vs. 51.1). When all cases and living controls were used, odds ratios did not differ substantially from those for living cases and controls except for cirrhosis (OR = 154.2). For smoking, the odds ratios were similar in all analyses. Adjustment for type of interview (self, proxy) did not eliminate differences between results for living and deceased subjects; significant interactions were found between type of interview and hepatitis, cirrhosis, and blood transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: Selection of live controls for deceased cases is recommended to decrease misclassification in measures of exposure.
Tetrachlorotantal(V)‐fluorid

Durch Umsetzen von PCl5 · TaCl5 mit AsF3 entsteht unter Chlor-Fluor-Austausch die Verbindung TaCl4F. In Acetonitril (polares Losungsmittel) tritt sie wahrscheinlich vorubergehend in Ionenform auf, wahrend in der Schmelze (Schmp. 214°C) nach Leitfahigkeitsmessungen die homoopolare Form vorliegt. In schwach polaren Losungsmitteln ist ebenfalls die hooopolare Form bevorzugt. Die Eigenschaften sind der entsprechenden Verbindung NbCl4F analog. By the reaction of PCl5 · TaCl5 with AsF3 chlorine is exchanged by fluorine and TaCl4F is formed. In acetonitrile acting as polar solvent probably a ionic form exists in a transitory way whereas in the melt (m. p. 214°) according to measurements of the electric conductivity a homoopolar configuration is present. In weak polar solvents the homoopolar configuration is favoured. The qualities of TaCl4F are analogous to NbCl4F.
A survey of best practices in automotive supplier development

This article is intended to survey and synthesise best practices in supplier development in the US automotive industry. The supplier development literature up through the early 1990s consisted mostly of case studies. Since then, enough has been determined through industry surveys and academic research to enable the identification here of success factors (the prerequisites) and best practices ? process and methods ? used in today's automotive supplier development efforts. The conclusions of our research are the following: supplier development is a widespread and well-justified business practice among automotive OEMs today, but not among lower tiers; there is a consensus that supplier development improves supplier performance, but most companies limit development efforts to suppliers who are underperforming but with which some extended relationship exists; as the supplier relationship progresses towards partnership, OEMs are more willing to engage in supplier development and indeed in direct involvement requiring commitment of their time and resources.
Quantification of trace chemicals using Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor

A system to monitor the concentrations of trace chemicals in cabin atmosphere is one of the most critical components in long-duration human flight missions. The Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM) is a miniature gas chromatograph mass spectrometer system to be used to detect and quantify trace chemicals in the International Space Station. We developed an autonomous computational process to quantify trace chemicals for use in VCAM. The process involves the design of a measured signal quantification scheme, the construction of concentration curves (i.e. the relationship between concentration and ion count measured by VCAM), the decision rule of applying high- or low-gain concentration curves, and the detection of saturation, low-signals, and outliers. When the developed quantification process is applied, the average errors of concentration for most of trace chemicals are found to be between 14% and 66%.
Cytosine methylation associated with repeat-induced point mutation causes epigenetic gene silencing in Neurospora crassa

Repeated DNA sequences are frequently mutated during the sexual cycle in Neurospora crassa by a process named repeat-induced point mutation (RIP). RIP is often associated with methylation of cytosine residues in and around the mutated sequences. Here we demonstrate that this methylation can silence a gene located in nearby, unique sequences. A large proportion of strains that had undergone RIP of a linked duplication flanking a single-copy transgene, hph (hygromycin B phosphotransferase), showed partial silencing of hph. These strains were all heavily methylated throughout the single-copy hph sequences and the flanking sequences. Silencing was alleviated by preventing methylation, either by 5-azacytidine (5AC) treatment or by introduction of a mutation (eth-I) known to reduce intracellular levels of S-adenosylmethionine. Silenced strains exhibited spontaneous reactivation of hph at frequencies of 10(4) to 0.5. Reactivated strains, as well as cells that were treated with 5AC, gave rise to cultures that were hypomethylated and partially hygromycin resistant, indicating that some of the original methylation was propagated by a maintenance mechanism. Gene expression levels were found to be variable within a population of clonally related cells, and this variation was correlated with epigenetically propagated differences in methylation patterns.
Extension of the critical path tracing algorithm

Critical path tracing (CPT) is an approximate algorithm used for fast fault simulation, as part of test generation algorithms. It partitions the circuit to be simulated into fanout free regions in order to simplify decisions regarding the propagation of logic signal changes through the circuit. Presented are concepts that result in faster decision making than in CPT for many combinations of input changes. After true value simulation, improved critical path tracing (ICPT) does a more extensive classification of lines than CPT does. This finer classification determines propagation of fault effects without fault simulation in many cases where CPT may require fault simulation. The increase in execution time to incorporate the improvements is insignificant compared to the savings in simulation time for many input vectors. >
EVALUATION OF A MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Summary An experimental study was conducted to evaluate a training course in problem-solving and decision-making given to three levels of management at a large southeastern paper mill. 1 The course was conducted early in 1963 by an instructor from a firm specializing in management development. 2 Approximately fifty management personnel attended the course. The twenty-hour offering conducted during the afternoon and evening had as its objective to increase the speed and accuracy of problem-solving and decision-making by the course participants. Evaluation of the training program involved the utilization of three distinct methods of appraisal. A course-end questionnaire was used to obtain the reaction of trainees to the program. A controlled experiment was used to determine the effect of the training on learning. In addition, observations were made of trainee participation in the practical-work periods during the course to determine any relation between learning and amount and types of participation. The results of the course-end questionnaire indicated that trainees felt the course was worthwhile and the material learned could be used on the job. In the controlled experiment, the criteria of learning employed were performance on the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and on problems similar to those used in the training program. The control group used in the experiment was made up of members of the top three levels of management at the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Mill at Charleston, South Carolina. The portion of the experiment to show the effect of the training on learning resulted in no significant improvement in scores on the test devices used. The observation of trainee participation during the practical-work periods of the training program added little to the overall results of the evaluation. It did substantiate some of the suggestions for improving the training; and it showed an improvement in the attitude of trainees on the last day of training over what it had been the first day. In view of the fact that the entire program lasted only twenty hours, it would probably have been presumptuous to expect a significant amount of improvement from the training. To realize improvement in learning and in performance on the job, it was recommended that the over-all program be continued. In this regard it was suggested that formal refresher training be given to the original participants at periodic intervals and that a longer program be conducted for subsequent participants. 3
Assessing Russian consumers' imported versus domestic product bias

Data from a cross-section of 438 Russian consumers were collected and analyzed to evaluate consumer preference for ten product types—five consumables and five durables. Results indicate that when Russian consumers consider purchasing a consumable product, consumer ethnocentrism levels and product characteristics reinforce each other, resulting in a strong domestic bias; however, these variables conflict with each other when consumers consider durable products, resulting in consumers exhibiting an inclination for imported durables. This indicates that product characteristics may influence product preference (domestic versus imported) more than consumer ethnocentrism levels. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood pressure and renal blow flow responses in heme oxygenase-2 knockout mice

Heme oxygenase (HO) is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of heme-generating carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin in this process. HO-2 is the constitutively expressed isoform in most tissues,...
Long-term consumption of infant formulas containing live probiotic bacteria: tolerance and safety

Background: Nonpathogenic live bacteria are consumed as food by many children, particularly in the form of yogurt. The tolerance and safety of long-term consumption of specific types and strains of probiotic bacteria are not well documented. Objective: The goal was to evaluate tolerance to formulas containing 2 levels of probiotic supplementation and effects on growth, general clinical status, and intestinal health in free-living healthy infants. Design: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study of healthy infants aged 3–24 mo. Infants were assigned to receive a standard milk-based formula containing 1 10 7 colony-forming units (CFU)/g each of Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, formula containing 1 10 6 CFU/g each of B. lactis and S. thermophilus, or unsupplemented formula. Clinical outcomes included formula intake, gastrointestinal tolerance, anthropometric measures, daycare attendance, and history of illness. Results: One hundred eighteen infants aged (x SD) 7.0 2.9 mo at enrollment consumed formula for 210 127 d. There were no significant differences in age, sex, formula consumption, or length of study between groups. The supplemented formulas were well accepted and were associated with a lower frequency of reported colic or irritability ( P 0.001) and a lower frequency of antibiotic use (P 0.001) than was the unsupplemented formula. There were no significant differences between groups in growth, health care attention seeking, daycare absenteeism, or other health variables. Conclusion: Long-term consumption of formulas supplemented with B. lactis and S. thermophilus was well tolerated and safe and resulted in adequate growth, reduced reporting of colic or irritability, and a lower frequency of antibiotic use. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:261–7.
A QTL on mouse chromosome 12 for the genetic variance in free-running circadian period between inbred strains of mice

Background Many genes control circadian period in mice. Prior studies suggested a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on proximal mouse chromosome 12 for interstrain differences in circadian period. Since the B6.D2NAhrd/J strain has DBA/2 alleles for a portion of proximal chromosome 12 introgressed onto its C57BL/6J background, we hypothesized that these mice would have a shorter circadian period than C57BL/6J mice.
Late Na + current and protracted electrical recovery are critical determinants of the aging myopathy

The aging myopathy manifests itself with diastolic dysfunction and preserved ejection fraction. We raised the possibility that, in a mouse model of physiological aging, defects in electromechanical properties of cardiomyocytes are important determinants of the diastolic characteristics of the myocardium, independently from changes in structural composition of the muscle and collagen framework. Here we show that an increase in the late Na(+) current (INaL) in aging cardiomyocytes prolongs the action potential (AP) and influences temporal kinetics of Ca(2+) cycling and contractility. These alterations increase force development and passive tension. Inhibition of INaL shortens the AP and corrects dynamics of Ca(2+) transient, cell contraction and relaxation. Similarly, repolarization and diastolic tension of the senescent myocardium are partly restored. Thus, INaL offers inotropic support, but negatively interferes with cellular and ventricular compliance, providing a new perspective of the biology of myocardial aging and the aetiology of the defective cardiac performance in the elderly.
The Wind Tunnel Testing of Heavy Trucks to Reduce Fuel Consumption

Des techniques d'essais en soufflerie sont utilisees pour determiner la trainee aerodynamique de camions modeles. Evaluation de l'influence des variations du coefficient de trainee en terme de reduction de la consommation de carburant, et comparaison entre les previsions des essais en soufflerie et les essais en vraie grandeur sur route
Structural characterization of semen coagulum-derived SEM1(86-107) amyloid fibrils that enhance HIV-1 infection.

SEM1(86–107) is a 22-residue peptide corresponding to residues 86–107 in the semenogelin I protein. SEM1(86–107) is an abundant component of freshly liquefied semen and forms amyloid fibrils capable of enhancing HIV infection. To probe the factors affecting fibril formation and gain a better understanding of how differences in pH between semen and vaginal fluid affect fibril stability, this study determined the effect of pH on SEM1(86–107) fibril formation and dissociation. The SEM1(86–107) fibril structure (i.e., residues that comprise the fibrillar core) was also probed using hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDXMS) and hydroxyl radical-mediated protein modification. The average percent exposure to hydroxyl radical-mediated modification in the SEM1(86–107) fibrils was determined without requiring tandem mass spectrometry spectral acquisition or complete separation of modified peptides. It was found that the residue exposures calculated from HDXMS and hydroxyl radical-mediated modification were similar. These techniques demonstrated that three regions of SEM1(86–107) comprise the amyloid fibril core and that positively charged residues are exposed, suggesting that electrostatic interactions between SEM1(86–107) and HIV or the cell surface may be responsible for mediating HIV infection enhancement by the SEM1(86–107) fibrils.
A Hermeneutics of Love for Community-Based, Participatory Action Research

This article presents a broad humanistic-existential framework in support of community-orientated, participatory action research. Beginning with Pink Floyd’s The Wall as a pedagogic illustration of...
South Carolina 20 Years of Diabetes—A Public Health Concern ☆

Abstract Objective To assess and enumerate the trends in diabetes prevalence, morbidity and mortality rates in South Carolina (SC) within the past 2 decades. Materials and Methods We analyzed state-level data from vital records, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Children׳s Health Assessment Survey and Administrative Claim Files. Results Over the past 20 years, there has been an average 2.5% annual increase in diabetes prevalence among adults in SC ( P 0.01). Although a typical reduction in mortality rate of 2.2% has been observed during the same period, the increased number of people living with diabetes (from 5.0% in 1995 to 12.0% in 2014) has brought more need for diabetes care, particularly for severe in-hospital cases and cases with crisis at the emergency department, totaling $404 million in annual costs. Conclusions SC has experienced an epidemic of diabetes. Coupled with declining trends in mortality and increased hospitalization and emergency department visits, the state is experiencing historical morbidity and complications due to diabetes. The shift in complexity of the disease onset and management has resulted in more individuals living with cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities. The cost of care for all South Carolinians with diabetes is estimated to exceed 2.8 billion dollars in 2014 and projected to be more than 4 billion dollars by 2020. If the diabetes prevalence trend of increasing rates continues over the next 20 years, the number of individuals living with diabetes and its complications would rise to 1.3 million in SC.
Study on Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Large-size CeCl_3 Doped LaBr_3 Crystal

It presented the growth method and scintillation properties of large-size LaBr3 crystals.LaBr3 crystals doped with CeCl3 concentrations,i.e.LaBr3:CeCl3 crystals were grown by modified Bridgman technique from the melt of the mixtures of anhydrous lanthanum bromide and cerium chloride powders in sealed fused silica crucibles in vacuum.Their X-ray excited luminescent spectra,optical transmittance spectra,light yields,decay times and energy resolutions were measured at room temperature.The results show that the emission of 5%CeCl3 doped crystal is peaked at 385 nm under X-ray excitation and its optical transmittance at the wavelength is about 70% besides,the crystal has 2.9% energy resolution and about 12 000 photoelectrons/MeV light yield under γ-ray excitation of 137Cs radioactive source,and its decay time is about 16.4 ns.LaBr3:CeCl3 crystal has more excellent scintillation properties and is very suitable for the radio-isotope identification device.
The Design and Implementation of Electricity Dispatching System Based on GIS

In this thesis,the structure and function of Electricity Dispatching system are mainly introduced;the method to dispatch electric power according to GIS is also designed.Moreover,the author expounds in detail the Electric Power Network based on the Graph theory and the methods to implement power dispatching on GIS.This system can be applied to the dynamic control of the electric power network and power dispatching.
Research on genetic characteristics in the HA of influenza A(H1N1) viruses isolated in Dalian City during 2005-2009

Objective:To analyze the data of influenza A H1N1 viruses surveillance and genetic characteristics from Dalian City during 2005 –2009,in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of influenza.Methods: The specimens from Influenza-Like Illness(ILI) were collected.The viruses were isolated with MDCK cell and identified with HA and RT-PCR.The products of PCR were sequenced.Then the sequences were analyzed by biometric software.Results: A total of 39 influenza strains were identified as A(H1N1)subtype,and 28 of them were sequenced.Compared with standard sequences,there were 11,9,15,15 mutations in the amino acid sequences of virus strains isolated in 2005,2006,2007 and 2008 respectively.Conclusion: Influenza type A H1N1 are detected in Dalian City.There are several mutations in the amino acid sequences of virus strains isolated in Dalian.The antigenic drift of virus strains is due to accumulation of amino acid substitutions.
‘Hear and Give Ear!’: The Soundscape of Jeremiah

Sound offers a significant but underappreciated point of entry into the book of Jeremiah. Drawing on R. Murray Schafer's concept of the ‘soundscape’ and other work on sound and sensory criticism, this article explores the significance of sound in constructing meaning in Jeremiah. The sounds of human voices mingle with the clamor of warfare, the vocalizations of animals, and cries of pain and suffering in a way that adds complexity to an already complex and layered text. Attending to sound also clarifies structure, as the text contains multiple nested soundscapes. Sound is likewise linked to gender, as in the use of marked feminine sounds such as lament. Reading Jeremiah with an ear to its sounds reveals previously unheard subtleties, while also offering a new way to perceive what is already familiar. It also demonstrates the usefulness of sound studies for reading the prophetic books.
Suicide and Divorce

Durkheim's social integration perspective on suicide continues to be the basis of much sociological work on the link between family integration and suicide. The ecological perspective has been commonly used to understand suicide. Marital disruption is one of the ecological factors. Suicidogenic conditions such as mental, physical, and economic strains tend to be higher among the divorced than the married. There has been little research on the timing of suicide over the process of divorce. Are suicide rates highest during the often stressful stage of separation or the period around when the divorce is finalized in a courtroom and bonds broken forever, or perhaps even for years thereafter? Future research is needed to carefully unravel the links between divorce and suicide. Individual predispositions toward divorce, such as personality differences including low agreeableness, need to be weighed against social factors, including socioeconomic status, to improve understanding of this long-standing linkage. Keywords: deviance and social control; divorce; sociology of mental health
Reply: Neural substrates of vulnerability to post-surgical delirium with prospective diagnosis.

Sir, In investigating the association between microstructural brain abnormalities and postoperative delirium we had no a priori hypotheses regarding specific brain networks. Our findings, obtained through such an unbiased approach, supported the hypothesis that impaired connectivity across neural networks involved in cognitive and behavioural tasks predisposes to delirium under the stress of surgery (Cavallari et al. , 2016). Specifically, we found that presurgical diffusion abnormalities in connections and nodes of brain networks involved in attention (e.g. frontoparietal control network, cerebellum), memory (e.g. hippocampus), arousal (e.g. basal forebrain), and coordinated activities (e.g. thalamus, corpus callosum) predisposed to postsurgical delirium. A potential pathogenic role of damage to those networks had been previously hypothesized (Ross, 1991; Sanders, 2011) based on case reports of cerebrovascular or multiple sclerosis lesions in strategic locations (for a review see Alsop et al. , 2006), as well as on more recent functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of delirium (Choi et al. , 2012; Morandi et al. , 2012; Shioiri et al. , …
Human Rights as a New Paradigm

In this chapter, I discuss certain relevant cases of international human rights courts that challenge the way in which the doctrine of sources is understood. The common element in the cases to be discussed is the use of both binding and non-binding instruments which are external to the jurisdiction of the respective court in order to re-frame the obligations of States. International human rights courts have justified such use by invoking the customary rules of treaty interpretation, as reflected in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, and specifically the principle of systemic integration. In this chapter I engage in a substantive analysis of how actions taken by human rights bodies in the creation of standards through resolutions, general comments, recommendations, and guidelines have been used by human rights courts to complement the meaning of international human rights conventions. I argue that the advances brought by international human rights courts and bodies portrays a broader understanding of normativity which has been present in other self-contained regimes and might eventually be present in general international law.
Late-onset schizophrenia

Author(s): Lee, Ellen E; Hou, Baichun; Vahia, Ipsit V; Jeste, Dilip V | Abstract: Late-onset schizophrenia remains an understudied subtype of schizophrenia, despite growing recognition of its impact and distinction from early-onset schizophrenia. This chapter reviews the existing literature on late-onset schizophrenia including beginning with the nomenclature and epidemiology. Then we provide a review of key risk factors and correlates—including genetic risk, sex differences, comorbid sensory loss and physical illness, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, sociodemographic factors, adverse life events, neuropathology, and inflammation. The chapter ends with clinical issues, including symptoms, differential diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis. Recent studies have examined the role of oestrogen treatments and a new therapy for tardive dyskinesia therapy as well as inflammatory mechanisms in schizophrenia.
Long-Term Outcome of Step-Cut Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome.

Background: Extra-articular ulnar shortening osteotomy is a common procedure for the surgical treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome. Several techniques for this osteotomy have been developed to avoid the morbidity associated with a standard transverse osteotomy. However, these techniques require special instrumentation and are expensive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of step-cut ulnar shortening osteotomy without special jigs for ulnar impaction syndrome. Methods: A retrospective study of 164 consecutive patients who underwent step-cut ulnar shortening osteotomy between 2000 and 2010 was performed. The long arm of the step-cut osteotomy was oriented in the coronal plane parallel to the long axis of the ulna. The short arms of the osteotomy were perpendicular to the long axis in the axial plane. Fixation was performed with a palmar 3.5-mm standard neutralization plate and a lag screw. The goal of the osteotomy was to reduce ulnar variance, which was assessed in all patients with pronated grip-view radiographs preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative ulnar variance ranged from +1 to +6 mm. Results: All patients were followed for at least 24 months. Union of the osteotomy site was achieved at a mean of 8.2 weeks. The union rate was 98.8%. There were 2 cases of nonunion, which required additional surgery. The mean postoperative ulnar variance was +0.2 mm (range, −1 to +1.5 mm) after a mean overall ulnar shortening of 2.5 mm. All patients returned to their previous work, in a mean of 4 months. The plate was removed from 12 patients because of plate-related symptoms. No other complications were encountered. Conclusions: The step-cut ulnar shortening osteotomy provides ample bone-to-bone contact and simplifies control of rotation. Stable internal fixation with standard techniques allowed an early return to functional activities. Palmar placement of the plate diminishes the need for plate removal. This is a simple and less expensive technique for ulnar shortening that does not require the use of special instrumentation in patients with ulnar impaction syndrome. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of low-energy CT imaging on selection of positive oral contrast media concentration.

To determine to what extent low-energy CT imaging affects attenuation of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) opacified with positive oral contrast media (OCM). Second, to establish optimal OCM concentrations for low-energy diagnostic CT exams. One hundred patients (38 men and 62 women; age 62 ± 11 years; BMI 26 ± 5) with positive OCM-enhanced 120-kVp single-energy CT (SECT), and follow-up 100-kVp acquisitions (group A; n = 50), or 40–70-keV reconstructions from rapid kV switching-single-source dual-energy CT (ssDECT) (group B; n = 50) were included. Luminal attenuation from different GIT segments was compared between exams. Standard dose of three OCM and diluted solutions (75%, 50%, and 25% concentrations) were introduced serially in a gastrointestinal phantom and scanned using SECT (120, 100, and 80 kVp) and DECT (80/140 kVp) acquisitions on a ssDECT scanner. Luminal attenuation was obtained on SECT and DECT images (40–70 keV), and compared to 120-kVp scans with standard OCM concentrations. Luminal attenuation was higher on 100-kVp (328 HU) and on 40–60-keV images (410–924 HU) in comparison to 120-kVp scans (298 HU) in groups A and B (p < 0.05). Phantom: There was an inverse correlation between luminal attenuation and X-ray energy, increasing up to 527 HU on low-kVp and 999 HU on low-keV images (p < 0.05). 25% and 50% diluted OCM solutions provided similar or higher attenuation than 120 kVp, at low kVp and keV, respectively. Low-energy CT imaging increases the attenuation of GIT opacified with positive OCM, permitting reduction of 25%–75% OCM concentration.
Questioning the Medical Model of Mental Health

Edited by Michael T. WalkerLanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016, 229 pp., $85.00.The Social Construction of Mental Illness and Its Implication for Neuroplasticity by Michael T. Walker is an ambitious ...
Parenteral and enteral nutrition in surgical critical care: Plasma metabolomics demonstrates divergent effects on nitrogen, fatty-acid, ribonucleotide, and oxidative metabolism.

BACKGROUNDArtificial nutrition support is central to the care of critically ill patients and is primarily provided enterally (EN). There are circumstances when parenteral nutrition (PN) is considered necessary. We are uncertain how each of these approaches confer clinical benefits beyond simply prov
A Birkhoff Theorem for Doubly Stochastic Matrices with Vector Entries

The concept of a doubly stochastic matrix whose entries come from a convex subset of the unit square is defined. It is proved that the only convex subsets of the unit square which contain (0,0) and (1, 1) and allow an extension of Birkhoff's characterization of the extreme points of the set of doubly stochastic matrices are parallelograms. A sufficient condition is given for a matrix to be extreme when the convex subset is not a parallelogram.
Mental Health Does Not Moderate Compensatory Cognitive Training Efficacy for Veterans With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Objective To examine the potential moderating effects of mental health symptoms on the efficacy of compensatory cognitive training (CCT) for Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Design Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of CCT. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance dependence symptom severity were examined as potential moderators of CCT efficacy for subjective cognitive complaints, use of cognitive strategies, and objective neurocognitive performance. Setting Three Veterans Affairs medical centers. Participants Participants included veterans with history of mTBI (N=119): 50 participated in CCT and 69 received usual care (UC). Intervention CCT is a 10-week group-based (90 minutes per session) manualized cognitive rehabilitation intervention. Main Outcome Measures Objective (neuropsychological functioning) and subjective (self-report) cognitive functioning and use of cognitive strategies. Results Baseline mental health symptoms did not moderate CCT efficacy: veterans who received CCT reported significantly greater improvement in cognitive difficulties and use of cognitive strategies compared with the UC group, regardless of baseline mental health symptom severity. The CCT group also demonstrated significant improvements on neuropsychological measures of attention, learning, and executive functioning compared with the UC group, regardless of baseline mental health symptom severity. Conclusions CCT is efficacious for improving objective cognitive functioning and compensatory strategy use for veterans with a history of mTBI, regardless of the severity of comorbid psychiatric symptoms.
Statistical Improvements to the Advanced Planner & Optimizer Module of a Food Production Company

Objectives: An analysis of the SAP-APO demand forecasting system of a food company is carried out, describing how the demand-planning process is carried out from start to finish, with emphasis on the Demand Planning (DP) tool, Found in the system, which is responsible for generating demand proposals for future months. Methods/Statistical analysis: It was divided into definition of the information system, collection of historical data, analysis of demand forecasting, adjustment of model parameters and implementation of improvements. Findings: Redefining the parameters of the statistical models of the SAP-APO demand module. Application/Improvements: The percentage of products to be manually adjusted decreased by 12.58%, compared to the previous level of care. This translates into an increase in the utility of the system of more than 85%.
Ground State Depletion Super-resolution Imaging in Mammalian Cells.

Advances in fluorescent microscopy and cell biology are intimately correlated, with the enhanced ability to visualize cellular events often leading to dramatic leaps in our understanding of how cells function. The development and availability of super-resolution microscopy has considerably extended the limits of optical resolution from ~250-20 nm. Biologists are no longer limited to describing molecular interactions in terms of colocalization within a diffraction limited area, rather it is now possible to visualize the dynamic interactions of individual molecules. Here, we outline a protocol for the visualization and quantification of cellular proteins by ground-state depletion microscopy for fixed cell imaging. We provide examples from two different membrane proteins, an element of the endoplasmic reticulum translocon, sec61β, and a plasma membrane-localized voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel (CaV1.2). Discussed are the specific microscope parameters, fixation methods, photo-switching buffer formulation, and pitfalls and challenges of image processing.