cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An asymptotically-exact expression for the variance of classification error for the discrete histogram rule

Discrete classification is fundamental in GSP applications. In a previous publication, we provided analytical expressions for moments of the sampling distribution of the true error, as well as of resubstitution and leave-one-out error estimators, and their correlation with the true error, for the discrete histogram rule. When the number of samples or the total number of quantization levels is large, computation of these expression becomes difficult, and approximations must be made. In this paper, we provide an approximate expression for the variance of the classification error, which is shown to be asymptotically exact as the total number of quantization levels increases to infinity, under a mild distributional assumption.
Truncation of infinite sheath spiral antennas

The effect of truncation of the infinite sheath spiral antenna is analyzed by superimposing two known solutions of the structure. The two solutions, one for excitation at the center (CE) and one for excitation with a ring source (RE) at a radius \rho_{0} , are superimposed to achieve a cancellation of the current distribution for \rho > \rho_{0} It is shown numerically that by choosing the relative amplitudes of the two sources such that the surface wave part of the two Solutions would cancel, the reminder of the current for \rho > \rho_{0} is about 20 dB below that for \rho . Other features of the RE solution and the superimposed solution are explored. In particular the RE solution, which was not explored completely before, is analyzed in full, and certain ambiguities are removed.
Core empirical concepts and skills for computer science

Educators are increasingly acknowledging that practical problems in computer science demand basic competencies in experimentation and data analysis. However, little effort has been made towards explicitly identifying those empirical concepts and skills needed by computer scientists, nor in developing methods of integrating those concepts and skills into CS curricula. In this paper, we identify a core list of empirical competencies and motivate them based on established courses outside of computer science, their potential use in standard CS courses, and their application to real-world problems. Sample assignments that facilitate the integration of these competencies into the CS curriculum are also discussed.
Creating a farmer sustainability index: a Malaysian case study.

In on-farm studies of sustainable agriculture, farmers often have been classified as sustainable according to their organizational affiliation; self identification; or use or non-use of a particular production practice or input, usually synthetic chemicals. Because this is a great oversimplification, researchers recently have been incorporating several dimensions of sustainability into a composite measure. Typically this is a relative measure of sustainability, with scores assigned by comparing individual farmers' practices to those used by all farmers. In contrast, in the farmer sustainability index (FSI) presented here, practices are scored according to their inherent sustainability. We report on the development of an FSI in a case study involving 33 production practices used by 85 cabbage farmers in Malaysia. We describe its underlying principles, the procedure and rationale for scoring each sustainability item, and the result of combining the constituent items into a composite index.
An analysis of systematic judging errors in information retrieval

Test collections are powerful mechanisms for the evaluation and optimization of information retrieval systems. However, there is reported evidence that experiment outcomes can be affected by changes to the judging guidelines or changes in the judge population. This paper examines such effects in a web search setting, comparing the judgments of four groups of judges: NIST Web Track judges, untrained crowd workers and two groups of trained judges of a commercial search engine. Our goal is to identify systematic judging errors by comparing the labels contributed by the different groups, working under the same or different judging guidelines. In particular, we focus on detecting systematic differences in judging depending on specific characteristics of the queries and URLs. For example, we ask whether a given population of judges, working under a given set of judging guidelines, are more likely to consistently overrate Wikipedia pages than another group judging under the same instructions. Our approach is to identify judging errors with respect to a consensus set, a judged gold set and a set of user clicks. We further demonstrate how such biases can affect the training of retrieval systems.
Current concepts on the texture of fruits and vegetables

Recent research on the texture of fruits and vegetables is evaluated with regard to the relationship between the various facets of perceived texture such as cohesiveness, etc. and the geometrical, physical, and chemical properties of food. The role of polymeric materials such as pectin and cellulose, and their interaction with other components, receives special attention. Coming under consideration are the size of the cells, turgor and factors affecting it, the mechanical properties of cell walls and intercellular adhesion. The influences of storage, heat, chemicals, and enzymes on these characteristics provide insight into their fundamental contributions to texture. Further, the chemical composition and structural components of comminuted foods are related to their texture and rheology.
Joint loading-driven bone formation and signaling pathways predicted from genome-wide expression profiles.

Joint loading is a recently developed loading modality that induces anabolic responses by lateral loads applied to a synovial joint such as an elbow and a knee. The present study extended this loading modality to an ankle and addressed a question: does ankle loading promote bone formation in the tibia? If so, what signaling pathways are involved in the anabolic responses? Using C57BL/6 female mice as a model system, lateral loads of 0.5 N were applied to the ankle at 5 Hz for 3 min/day for 3 consecutive days and load-driven bone formation was evaluated at three tibial cross-sections (the proximal, middle, and distal diaphysis). Furthermore, total RNA was isolated for 3 pairs of microarray experiments as well as quantitative real-time PCR analyses. The histomorphometric results revealed that in all cross-sections ankle loading elevated the cortical area and thickness as well as the calcein-labeled surface. Signaling pathway analysis from microarray-derived whole-genome mRNA expression profiles and quantitative real-time PCR predicted that molecules in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), ECM-receptor interactions, TGFβ signaling, and Wnt signaling were involved in the joint-loading driven responses. Since ankle loading stimulates bone formation throughout the tibia both in the endosteum and the periosteum, it may provide a non-pharmacological approach to effectively activate molecular signaling necessary for preventing bone loss.
How much do depressive symptoms affect cognition at the population level? The Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (MYHAT) study.

Objective To examine the impact of subjective depressive symptoms on objective performance on tests of several cognitive domains, in a community-based sample of older adults.
Religiosity, Sexual Gratification, and Marital Satisfaction in the Middle Years of Marriage

This study of a group of husbands anid wives in the middle years of marriage investigated the relationship between sexual enjoyment and marital satisfactioni of those high on religiosity and those low on religiosity. The maj or finding was that religiosity reduced the impact of wonmen's lack of sexual gratification on their general marital satisfaction. This did not occur with the men. These findings are consistent with those of a study of the early years of mza rriage. A number of studies have found a correlation betweeln sexual gratification in marriage ancd evaluations by busbands and wives of the over-all success or failure of their marriage.1 In a previous article by Wallin12 it was argued that this correlation would obtaini to a lesser degree for persons witlh a religious orientation than for the more secular ninlded. This would follow, it was suggested, fromn the tendency of organizations concerned witlh religious training and activity to *This is one of a group of articles reporting studies of questions relating to the sexual behavior of menand women before and after marriage. We are indebted for support given the research at various times by the Rockefeller Foundation, The Committee for Research in Problems of Sex (National Academy of Sciences-National Researcl Council), the Social Science Research Council, and the University Research Institute, University of Texas. We are especially indebted to Professor E. W. Burgess under whose direction the data of the present study were collected. 1 See Lewis M. Terman, Psychological Factors i.n Alarital Happin.ess (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1938), pp. 300-305; See also Ernest W. Burgess and Paul Wallin, Engagemtent and Marriagc (Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1953), pp. 689-692. 2 Paul Wallin, "Religiosity, Sexual Gratification, and Marital Satisfaction.,' Aincrican Sociological Reviewz, 22 (June 1957), pp. 300-305. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.102 on Thu, 23 Jun 2016 07:02:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction investigations of the temperature dependence of the structure of the Tc = 10 K organic superconductor κ-(ET)2Cu(NCS)2

Abstract The crystal structure of κ-(ET) 2 Cu(NCS) 2 [ET or BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene, C 10 H 8 S 8 ] has been examined by single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction at temperatures between 298 and 15 K. Comparison of the low temperature ordered structures determined by use of X-ray and neutron diffraction with the previously reported crystallographically disordered room temperature X-ray structure indicates the avoidance of close H···H contacts as the reason for the conformational disorder of the terminal ethylene groups of the ET molecules at high temperatures. The space group is monoclinic noncentrosymmetric P 2 1 , Z = 2. Unit cell parameters at 118 K are a = 16.359(4), b = 8.418(2), c = 12.855(3) A, β = 111.21(2)°, and V = 1650.3(7) A 3 ; at 15 K, a = 16.373(5), b = 8.375(3), c = 12.775(6) A, β = 111.45(4)°, and V = 1630(1) A 3 . The interlayer spacing a · sin β remains constant upon cooling from 298 to 15 K even though the a axis increases slightly in length.
Comparative statics and stochastic dynamics of age-structured populations

Abstract Arguments from the comparative statics of populations with fixed vital rates are of limited use in studying age-structured populations subject to stochastically varying vital rates. In an age-structured population that experiences a sequence of independently and identically distributed Leslie matrices, the expectation of the Malthusian parameters of the Leslie matrices has no exact interpretation either as the ensemble average of the long-run rate of growth of each sample path of the population (Eq. (3)) or as the long-run rate of growth of the ensemble average of total population size (Eq. (4)). On the other hand, the Malthusian parameter of the expectation of a sequence of Leslie matrices is exactly the logarithm of the finite growth rate of the ensemble average of total population size when Leslie matrices are independently and identically distributed (though not in general when Leslie matrices are sequentially dependent). These observations appear to contradict the claims of a recent study using computer simulation of age-structured populations with stochastically varying vital rates.
Treatment Decision Making in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Background: Each stage of bladder cancer involves varying treatment issues and concerns that are discussed between patients and providers during the pre-treatment consultation. There is no documentation of how patients engage in decision making. Objective: To describe aspects of treatment decision making perceived by patients with bladder cancer using qualitative analysis of data from individual interviews. Methods: Patients with any stage bladder cancer were recruited from urology and medical oncology services at a comprehensive cancer center. A qualitative approach to data collection and analysis was applied. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed. Coding of the transcripts was conducted by research team members, discussed for consensus and major themes derived. Results: 45 men and 15 women, the majority college educated, were recruited. Where to receive care, including from whom, was the initial and major decision. Challenges of decisions regarding urinary reconstruction were dominant. Personal characteristics, including age and being active, were considered. Participants with early stage tumors (n = 28) typically perceived only one treatment option and followed the physician’s recommendation. The 18 participants with stage II-III were aware of multiple options. In 14 stage IV participants, balancing quality of life and outcomes between treatments was common to the decision process. Conclusions: For this educated sample with bladder cancer, recruited at a comprehensive cancer center, the major decision was to seek treatment at a location with the highest level of physician expertise. Personal preferences informed decisions surrounding bladder reconstruction. Further research will be conducted in a diverse sample of patients making decisions in a non-urban, community setting.
How reduced vacuum pumping capability in a coating chamber affects the laser damage resistance of HfO2/SiO2 antireflection and high-reflection coatings

Optical coatings with the highest laser damage thresholds rely on clean conditions in the vacuum chamber during the coating deposition process. A low base pressure in the coating chamber, as well as the ability of the vacuum system to maintain the required pressure during deposition, are important aspects of limiting the amount of defects in an optical coating that could induce laser damage. Our large optics coating chamber at Sandia National Laboratories normally relies on three cryo pumps to maintain low pressures for e-beam coating processes. However, on occasion, one or more of the cryo pumps have been out of commission. In light of this circumstance, we decided to explore how deposition under compromised vacuum conditions resulting from the use of only one or two cryo pumps affects the laser-induced damage thresholds of optical coatings. The coatings of this study consist of HfO2 and SiO2 layer materials and include antireflection coatings for 527 nm at normal incidence, and high reflection coatings for 527 nm, 45° angle of incidence (AOI), in P-polarization (P-pol).
A Glimpse into Homelessness in the United States

Globally, the statistics on homelessness continue to grow. In the United States, over one million children and families are experiencing homelessness (National Center on Family Homelessness, America’s youngest outcasts: state report card on child homelessness. Author, Newton. Retrieved from www.familyHomelessness.org, 2009). Women and children are among the fastest growing subgroup of this homeless population (Hulchanski, Growing home: housing and homelessness in Canada. Conference keynote address. University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, 18 Feb, 2009). This qualitative study used narrative research (Clandinin and Connelly, 2000) to share three families’ experiences with homelessness to help educators gain a better understanding of what children and families have to endure every day. Formal interviews took place, and then further information was gathered over a relaxed dinner setting. Additionally, the lens of transformative leadership (Shields, 2011) was employed to assist educators with new ways of understanding of how to work with families experiencing homelessness and how to better understand the challenges of their daily lives. This chapter is an attempt to help educators affect the ability of children and families experiencing homelessness to attain an opportunity for equitable, quality education.
Protein kinase C-ζ mediates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 gene transcription in endothelial cells

We addressed the role of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in mediating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced oxidant generation in endothelial cells, a requirement for nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene transcription. Depletion of the conventional (c) and novel (n) PKC isozymes following 24 h exposure of human pulmonary artery endothelial (HPAE) cells with the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (500 nM), failed to prevent TNF-alpha-induced oxidant generation. In contrast, inhibition of PKC-zeta synthesis by the antisense oligonucleotide prevented the oxidant generation following the TNF-alpha stimulation. We observed that PKC-zeta also induced the TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB binding to the ICAM-1 promoter and the resultant ICAM-1 gene transcription. We showed that expression of the dominant negative mutant of PKC-zeta prevented the TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 promoter activity, whereas overexpression of the wild-type PKC-zeta augmented the response. These data imply a critical role for the PKC-zeta isozyme in regulating TNF-alpha-induced oxidant generation and in signaling the activation of NF-kappaB and ICAM-1 transcription in endothelial cells.
Multicore expandable microbubbles: Controlling density and expansion temperature

Abstract Stable microbubbles can be prepared by evaporation of a liquid core inside an expandable polymeric shell. To control the expansion temperature and the size of resulting microbubbles, we prepared polymeric microcapsules that contain multiple liquids in their core. One-step suspension polymerization allowed for encapsulation of at least two different liquids with near quantitative yield. The liquids may be miscible or immiscible, which directly affects the vapor pressure inside the capsule according to either Raoult's or Dalton's law, respectively. In the case of miscible liquids, e.g., perfluorohexane and perfluoropentane, both the vapor pressure and the expansion temperature vary within a range bounded by the properties of the neat liquids. For immiscible liquids, e.g. perfluoropentane and isopentane, the total vapor pressure is above this range as it equals to a sum of the individual pressures. Due to increased vapor pressure, encapsulation of two immiscible liquids significantly lowers the expansion temperature below the corresponding temperatures observed during expansion of microcapsules with neat perfluoropentane and isopentane cores. The microbubble diameter and shell thickness were controlled within ca. 10–50 μm and 0.1–3 μm, respectively, by varying the fractions and vapor pressure of the core fluids. We also showed that the effect of core composition on the expansion temperature was more significant than the effect of the shell thickness. Furthermore, one of the encapsulated materials may carry additional functions including imaging contrast, catalysis, and density compensation. To that end, these designer microcapsules may find applications in the fields of drug delivery, acoustic imaging, drilling, and self-healing materials.
Ischemic, traumatic and neurodegenerative brain inflammatory changes

This review serves to link the role of the immune system in the neuropathology of acute ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease. The blood–brain barrier delineates the CNS from the peripheral immune system. However, the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier acts as a gate between the periphery and the brain, permitting immune activity crosstalk and modulation. In acute ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury and other neurodegenerative diseases, the blood–brain barrier is compromised and an influx of inflammatory cells and plasma proteins occurs, resulting in edema, demyelination, cell dysfunction and death, and neurobehavioral changes. The role of the complement system, key cytokines, microglia and other neuroglia in brain degenerative pathology will be discussed.
The Effects of CFTR and Mucoid Phenotype on Susceptibility and Innate Immune Responses in a Mouse Model of Pneumococcal Lung Disease.

Recent studies have reported the isolation of highly mucoid serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) from the respiratory tracts of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Whether these highly mucoid Sp contribute to, or are associated with, respiratory failure among patients with CF remains unknown. Other mucoid bacteria, predominately Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are associated with CF respiratory decline. We used a mouse model of CF to study pneumococcal pneumonia with highly mucoid serotype 3 and non-mucoid serotype 19A Sp isolates. We investigated susceptibility to infection, survival, and bacterial counts from bronchoaviolar lavage samples and lung homogenates, as well as associated inflammatory cytokines at the site of infection, and lung pathology. Congenic CFTR–/– mice and wild-type (WT)-mice were infected intranasally with CHB756, CHB1126, and WU2 (highly mucoid capsular serotype 3, intermediately mucoid serotype 3, and less mucoid serotype 3, respectively), or CHB1058 (non-mucoid serotype 19A). BAL, lung homogenates, and blood were collected from mice 5 days post-infection. Higher CFU recovery and shorter survival were observed following infection of CFTR–/– mice with CHB756 compared to infection with CHB1126, WU2, or CHB1058 (P≤0.001). Additionally, CFTR–/– mice infected with CHB756 and CHB1126 were more susceptible to infection than WT-mice (P≤0.05). Between CFTR–/– mice and WT-mice, no significant differences in TNF-α, CXCL1/KC concentrations, or lung histopathology were observed. Our results indicate that highly mucoid type 3 Sp causes more severe lung disease than non-mucoid Sp, and does so more readily in the lungs of CFTR–/– than WT-mice.
Transition Control Using Leading Edge Roughness for the Onera-D Wing

Recent results by Saric et al. (1998) from experiments with an infinite swept wing document a passive transition control mechanism that originates from micron-sized roughness elements near the leading edge. In the experiments performed at Arizona State University (ASU), Saric et al. (1998) studied the natural transition case first. In that case, they determined the most amplified spanwise wavelength as λX2=12mm and observed transition at x1/c ≃ 0.71. Second, they forced disturbances of equal, or larger wavelength than the most amplified one by placing roughness elements at spanwise distances of 12mm, 18mm and 36mm near the leading edge. When forcing the 12mm disturbances, they found that transition moved forward to x1/c ≃ 0.52. Forcing the 18mm disturbances, they observed that neither the 12mm, nor the 36mm modes were amplified in the downstream direction. Third and most interestingly, they were able to delay transition to x1/c ≃ 0.80 by forcing disturbances with a wavelength smaller than the most amplified one. In that case, they placed the roughness elements at a spanwise distance of λX2=8mm. The transition delay was attributed to the strong initial growth of the 8mm disturbances that suppressed the 12mm disturbances. The early saturation and decay of the 8mm disturbances then gave rise to the growth of longer wavelength disturbances that eventually lead to transition. However, this successful transition delay could be accomplished for the Reynolds number of Re=2,400,000 only. Increasing the Reynolds number slightly moved the transition location forward.
Survival of Four Species of Stored-Product Insects in Airtight Laminated Food Pouches

To evaluate survival of live insects accidentally packaged in airtight flexible food containers, we sealed eggs, larvae, or adults of Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), or Trogoderma variabile Ballion with food in 2 types of laminated food pouches. T. castaneum and T. variabile introduced as eggs hatched, and live larvae were recovered from both types of sealed pouches after 6 wk but none survived for 12 wk. A few L. serricorne introduced as larvae survived in some pouches for 12 wk but were so adversely affected by confinement in the pouches that they failed to develop further when removed from the pouches. The rest of the insects produced some signs (webbing, exuviae, and chewing) of short-term survival, but in general they died within 6 wk. Few insects survived in intact paper-foil-polyethylene pouches, but survival occurred when the insects (especially L. serricorne ) penetrated the pouches. Polyesterfoil-ionomer pouches were not penetrated (although some partial penetrations occurred), and no insects survived confinement in these pouches.
Autonomous exoskeleton reduces metabolic cost of walking

We developed an autonomous powered leg exoskeleton capable of providing large amounts of positive mechanical power to the wearer during powered plantarflexion phase of walking. The autonomous exoskeleton consisted of a winch actuator fasted to the shin which pulled on fiberglass struts attached to a boot. The fiberglass struts formed a rigid extension of the foot when the proximal end of the strut was pulled in forward by the winch actuator. This lightweight, geometric transmission allowed the electric winch actuator to efficiently produce biological levels of power at the ankle joint. The exoskeleton was powered and controlled by lithium polymer batteries and motor controller worn around the waist. Preliminary testing on two subjects walking at 1.4 m/s resulted in the exoskeleton reducing the metabolic cost of walking by 6-11% as compared to not wearing the device. The exoskeleton provided a peak mechanical power of over 180 W at each ankle (mean standard ± deviation) and an average positive mechanical power of 27 ± 1 W total to both ankles, while electrically using 75-89 W of electricity. The batteries (800 g) used in this experiment are estimated to be capable of providing this level of assistance for up to 7 km of walking.
Yield Simulation For The Hierarchical Design Of Regular Vlsistructures

This paper presents a simulation of the manufacturing yield of good integrated circuit (IC) chips based on a hierarchical design model. Regular very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit structures...
Policing at the Crossroads: Changing Directions for the New Millennium:

Now is a period of reflection and transition as the last decade of this century draws to an end. Scholars argue that substantial forces are challenging current methods of working and organising and...
Pump Control Circuits

This chapter is devoted to individual circuit block, i.e., pump regulators, oscillators, level shifters, and voltage references, to realize on-chip high-voltage generator together with charge pumps.
Some Brief Comments on Recent Studies on Quantum Cognition

The emerging discipline of Quantum Cognitive Studies is filled with promise and pitfalls. The rich and detailed formalism of quantum theory must be closely considered in crafting an approach to the field. This essay strikes a cautionary note in assessment of trends which reduce the theory to instrumentalism. A brief accounting of the proper formalism, will correct the problem of “quantum-like” adaptations. The quantum principles which govern the complexities of dynamic object representation may be analogously and fruitfully captured in a schematic adaptation of the Mach Zehnder interferometer. The appropriate brain areas and functions are briefly discussed, and a justification for utilization of quantum features in describing macro-scale biological systems is presented. The problem of maintaining quantum superpositions is delineated inviting people to study and experience by the well known Legget-Garg relation.
ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION OF BIOSALINE RESOURCE UTILIZATION

Ecological impact evaluation should be concurrent with technological development and economic assessment of the feasibility of exploiting a new biosaline resource. The ecological questions focus on both the internal and external functions of the system. The internal functions are processes such as primary productivity, secondary productivity, resource storage, decomposition and mineral cycling. Among the factors which determine the degreee to which the natural state of these processes will be altered are: the type of resource being exploited, the buffering capacity of the ecosystem, the nature of the expolitation technology and the seasonal timing of the activity.
Maumee Commercial Dining Products, Inc. (Spanish)

Spanish translation of UVA-C-2247. In this case students must ascertain what financial ratios they recommend the company focus on and they must also decide how best to communicate, explain, and bring to life those metrics so that the company's cadre of non-financial middle managers can most easily understand the significance of, and internalize the insights from, those ratios. Embedded in this task, students must: (1) understand the nature of the company insights afforded by each of the potential financial metrics presented; (2) make a judgment as to which subset of financial metrics is (a) most applicable to a group of non- financial middle managers and (b) most representative of bankers' and shareholders' interests; and (3) develop a plan for communicating to a group of non-financial, middle managers the subset of financial metrics they have selected. Excerpt UVA-C-2377 Jun. 12, 2006 Maumee Commercial Dining Products, Inc. “?Como podemos facilitar que nuestros mandos medios sin habilidades financieras se familiaricen con los indicadores de rendimiento financiero claves de la empresa?”, se pregunto Stephanie Holden, directora de Comunicaciones Corporativas de Maumee Commercial Dining Products (MCDP). Ella se sorprendio al percibir la falta de comprension en toda la compania. De hecho, creia que gran parte de la confusion y preocupacion expresadas por los directores durante los tiempos traumaticos del reciente intento de adquisicion de MCDP por parte de John Warren, y la posterior reestructuracion de la compania, podia atribuirse a que ellos no entendian los indicadores financieros utilizados. Holden pensaba que los articulos periodisticos no eran comprendidos cabalmente y, por lo tanto constituian un factor de miedos e incertidumbre. La directora creia que cada gerente de nivel medio debia ser experto en la explicacion de los indicadores basicos, tales como la relacion de la deuda y la rentabilidad del capital. Los mandos medios de MCDP procedian mayormente de ingenieria, y por lo tanto comprendian los indicadores del negocio, pero cuando se trataba de comprender los indicadores de rendimiento financiero habia una gran variabilidad en sus explicaciones. La directora consideraba que los mandos medios debian estar en capacidad de: 1. Explicar los principales indicadores financieros. . . .
Conflicts in Online Social Network Privacy Policy

Social network sites have the potential to fundamentally change the character of our social lives, both on an interpersonal and a community level. In the past few years, social network sites have become integrated into the daily practices of millions of users. Social applications provide a convenient approach where users can communicate and share their personal information. However, privacy and information security have been concerned as a critical issue in development social applications. Policy-based management, which is a management approach, has been used to control the information access privilege. Users’ policies are more flexible and ease to change. However, different policies may cause conflicts that affect execution of social applications. In this paper, we propose a semantic temporal logic mechanism to detect policy conflict in social network environment
Patient-oriented toxicity endpoints after head and neck reirradiation with intensity modulated radiation therapy.

Abstract Objectives To characterize specific serious toxicities of reRT with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and identify treatment-related predictors of toxicity for patient counseling and decision-making. Materials/Methods 75 consecutive patients with recurrent or 2nd primary SCCHN received reRT from 8/2004-02/2013. All patients had prior definitive or postoperative RT. Objective endpoints of “serious toxicity” were defined as: hospitalization during reRT, tracheotomy after reRT, hemorrhage, soft tissue complication requiring operative intervention, or other CTCAE grade ≥4 toxicity. Results Patients received definitive (n = 41,55%) or postoperative (n = 34,45%) reRT (median dose 60 Gy, range 59.4–70 Gy). Most patients (88%) had concurrent chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 1.4 years, 39 (52%) patients had at least one serious toxicity: hospitalization during reRT (24%), surgically-managed soft tissue complication (19%), and/or urgent tracheotomy (18%). There were no grade 5 acute toxicities but there were 4 fatal hemorrhages (median 8.3 months) including 2 attributed to local-regional recurrence (LRR). Most patients (69%) had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube at last follow-up; those with a LRR had higher PEG tube-dependence rates (86% vs. 53%, p = 0.001). LRR, site of reRT, and laryngeal RT dose, were marginally associated with toxicity-risk. Conclusions Patients considering reRT should be counseled on the high rate of PEG tube-dependence, and events of urgent tracheotomy, hospitalization, hemorrhage, and operative intervention, which typically occur months after reRT completion. Further study of baseline patient function and cumulative radiation dose to the larynx and other organs-at-risk may improve estimates of serious toxicity-risk after reRT.
Abstract WP204: Increase in Rates of Pregnancy Hospitalizations With Concomitant Stroke 2000 to 2012: The National Inpatient Sample

Introduction: There has been limited publication of temporal trends in rates of stroke during pregnancy. The HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS) is a set of longitudinal databases, originally enco...
Prevention of bone loss after Heart transplantation with antiresorptive therapy: A pilot study

BACKGROUND Heart transplantation, with its attendant glucocorticoid and cyclosporine therapy, has deleterious effects on the skeleton. We have previously reported rapid bone loss and high fracture rates (36% of patients) during the first year after heart transplantation. The bone loss was accompanied by declines in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and osteocalcin levels and increased urinary excretion of markers of bone resorption (hydroxyproline, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline). We therefore investigated whether bone loss could be prevented by bisphosphonates, agents that inhibit bone resorption. METHODS Serial measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical indexes of mineral metabolism were compared in 18 group A patients who received a single intravenous infusion of pamidronate (60 mg) within 2 weeks of heart transplantation, followed by 4 cycles of oral etidronate (400 mg daily for 14 days every 3 months) and oral calcitriol 0.25 microg daily, to those of 52 patients who previously underwent transplantation (group B) who did not receive antiresorptive therapy. Both groups received elemental calcium 1000 mg and vitamin D 400 IU daily. RESULTS At 12 months after transplantation, there was virtually no lumbar spine bone loss in group A patients, whereas lumbar spine BMD had declined significantly in group B patients (0.2% +/- 0.9% vs 6.8% +/- 1.0%, respectively; P < .0001). Similarly, femoral neck BMD fell by 10.6% +/- 1.1% in group B patients and by only 2.7% +/- 1.4% in group A patients (P < .0001). Three incident vertebral fractures occurred in two group A patients, whereas 17 group B patients sustained 30 incident vertebral fractures, one hip fracture and three episodes of rib fractures (P < .02; test of proportions). With respect to markers of bone resorption, urinary deoxypyridinoline fell by 51% +/- 9% in group A patients and increased by 65% +/- 22% in group B patients by 3 months after transplantation (P < .0001). CONCLUSION In summary, heart transplant recipients treated with bisphosphonates and replacement doses of calcitriol sustained less bone loss and fewer fractures than those treated with calcium and vitamin D. We conclude that bisphosphonate therapy, in conjunction with calcitriol, shows promise for prevention of transplantation-related osteoporosis.
Reducing Discards of Flatfish in the Sea Scallop Dredge Fishery by Dredge Pause

Flatfishes are routine bycatch in the Atlantic sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin) dredge fishery but must be discarded at sea. Despite release, a 90% mortality rate is assumed for overfished species such as yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginae and windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus.When the scallop fishery exceeds the annual catch limit for yellowtail flounder, accountability measures may be triggered and seasonal closures of the scallop fishery can occur in specific areas. Flatfish bycatch is potentially reduced by stopping the scallop dredge in midwater to allow escape. This technique has been voluntarily practiced, but not widely adopted, owing to a lack of knowledge about its efficacy relative to collateral scallop loss. In a test of 122 scallop dredge tows on a commercial vessel using otherwise standard procedures, pausing the dredge during retrieval significantly reduced flatfish bycatch relative to pause length (0, 5, 10, or 15 min) but also allowed some scallop escapement. Flatfish were more likely to escape from paused dredges if there were fewer scallops in the dredge. Video provided evidence that flatfish do escape through the tickler chains and over the lip during pauses, and also showed the benefit of time in allowing them to work free of the suspended scallop load. During rough weather, vessel heave winnowed the dredge contents, increasing scallop loss. Captains can judge the practice as a cost-benefit calculation to avoid loss of revenue from early closure, but it appears to offer only a weak return on the time investment. Escaped fish may still suffer mortality.
Tapping the Chinese market: An examination of Chinese tourists' images and constraints towards cruising

This study examined Chinese tourists' images and constraints towards cruising, and their influences on cruising desires/intentions. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were utilized. Based on an extensive literature review, semistructured interviews were conducted to determine measurement items for constructs of interest. Quantitative data were then collected in order to examine the proposed hypotheses. An innovative procedure for developing the best items to be included in the scales was utilized. The results revealed that: 1) images were antecedents of desires and intentions; 2) negative cognitive images have a strong influence on constraints; and 3) constraints were found to have no significant influence on intentions. Both theoretical and practical implications are suggested.
Facilitated recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells by bone marrow concentrate and platelet rich plasma.

Background Biologics containing growth factors are frequently used to enhance healing after musculoskeletal injuries. One mechanism of action is thought to be though the ability of biologics to induce homing and migration of endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to a target tissue. However, the ability of biologics to stimulate chemotaxis (directed migration of cells) and chemokinesis (increase rate of cell migration) of MSCs is unknown. Hypothesis/Purpose The aim of this study was to directly compare the ability of biologics including platelet rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow concentrate (BMC) to induce MSC migration. The hypothesis was that leukocyte-low platelet rich plasma (Llo PRP) would induce migration to a greater extent than leukocyte-high platelet rich plasma (Lhi PRP) or BMC. Methods Bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated from 8 horses. Migration of MSCs toward a biologic (BMC, Llo PRP, and Lhi PRP) or the positive control platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) was continuously traced and measured for 24hrs using time-lapse microscopy and a microfluidics device. Cell migration, chemotaxis and chemokinesis were determined by measurements of displacement, number of cells migrated, and cell flux. Results All biologics resulted in a significantly greater percentage of MSCs migrated compared to the positive control (PDGF). MSCs migrated further toward BMC compared to Llo PRP. Cell migration, measured as cell flux, was greater toward BMC and Lhi PRP than Llo PRP. Conclusion The biologics BMC and Lhi PRP elicit greater chemotaxis and chemokinesis of MSCs than Llo PRP. However, all biologics recruited the same number of MSCs suggesting that differences in other regenerative effects, such as growth factor concentration, between biologics should be strongly considered when choosing a biologic for treatment of musculoskeletal injuries. The results of this study have the potential to reduce the need, risks, and costs associated with MSC culture and delivery.
Finding a Way Through: Integrating Spirituality and Sociocultural Meaning in the Face of Infertility and Perinatal Loss

Reproductive trauma, including infertility and perinatal loss, affects approximately 15% of women in the United States and can lead to psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as couple relational problems. Risks to developing these issues may increase when there is a history of recurrent pregnancy loss, a history of trauma, or lack of social support. In this chapter, we will explore the interconnections between sociocultural discourses about motherhood, gender and gendered power, and spiritual beliefs and practices as they relate to treating reproductive trauma in therapy. We will present two case examples that demonstrate a relational approach to helping clients navigate spiritual issues related to infertility and perinatal loss. The goal of clinical interventions will be twofold: (1) to counter harmful spiritual beliefs and sociocultural messages surrounding causation, regret, guilt, and blame related to infertility and (2) to support individuals and couples in finding acceptance and constructing personal meaning in the experience of complicated grief.
To Analyze the Impact of Spokesperson Used in Cosmetic Advertisements for Trust Building of the Indian Customers Buying Intention

Advertising has developed to be one of the prominent business exercises in the cutting edge world which helps to increase consumption of goods and products, therefore, having straight outcome on the economy. The spokesperson in advertisements can make the communication process extra effective when they are used according to the participation of the consumer. The intention of this study was to survey the influence of advertising spokesperson on trust building and purchase intention of the customer over a digital platform. The second motive of this paper was to inspect the relationship between customer’s trust and spokesperson in Indian advertisement. Man–Whitney U test was selected for hypothesis testing and variance between the expert and celebrity spokesperson was studied. The results disclosed that the purchase intentions are more positive for celebrity spokesperson advertisement, hence suggesting celebrity spokesperson is an effective way to raise consumer trust and increase their purchase intention for the product.
Capacity Coaching: A New Strategy for Coaching Patients Living With Multimorbidity and Organizing Their Care

The prevalence of chronic conditions is growing; to date, 1 in 4 Americans lives with at least one chronic condition. In the population aged 65 years and older, most live with multiple chronic conditions, or multimorbidity. Coaching interventions have been widely touted as a potential way to prevent chronic illness and as a way to help patients better self-manage their chronic illnesses. Health and Wellness Coaching (HWC) is now a respected discipline that offers certification, and HWC for patients with chronic conditions has demonstrated the potential to positively change behaviors and health outcomes. Yet, despite the enthusiasm and advancement of the discipline, the role of HWC has not been examined in light of the latest conceptual and theoretical work in the treatment of multimorbidity. In this article, we briefly describe HWC activities and the way in which they can be modified in alignment with the progress in the field of multimorbidity to form a new type of coaching, Capacity Coaching.
An investigation of the component of response spectrum uncorrelated with input

Abstract For a linear system, by definition, the response spectrum is related to the input spectrum through a linear transformation. An investigation of the component of the response spectrum disobeying such a correlation gives way to a non-parametric algorithm which can help detect nonlinearities in the system being tested. The uncorrelated component thus obtained contains information pertinent to both structural nonlinearities and any lack of linearity resulting from the digital signal processing (DSP) techniques employed. The current paper discusses an approach that combines cyclic averaging with the aforementioned detection scheme to help segregate the uncorrelated response components based on leakage from those due to the dynamic characteristics of the system. This scheme is then shown to be successful on numerical and experimental data sets with representative examples for both linear and nonlinear systems.
Fully Quantum Embedding with Density Functional Theory for Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo.

We here develop a fully quantum embedded version of initiator full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo (i–FCIQMC) and apply it to study an ionic bond (lithium hydride, LiH) and a covalent...
Wild-type APC and prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer.

223Background: Somatic mutations at adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, found in ~75% of colorectal cancers (CRC), are under-represented in microsatellite instable (MSI-H) tumors. While several ...
The Intersection of Leisure and Racial Socialization to Promote Positive Practices

This chapter discusses the intersection of the racial socialization process with the choice of leisure activities that Black mothers choose to enroll their children in during their free time. Racial socialization will be defined based on the previous literature. Eleven Black mothers with a child or children between the ages of 7 and 15 years were interviewed about their beliefs. Black mothers did not prominently express traditional dimensions of racial socialization, but there were patterns in their responses. There will be an exploration as to the most common dimensions of racial socialization and how they were present within Black mothers’ choices for their children. Concluding with a suggestion as to conceptualizing the concept of racial socialization to be more person-oriented rather than concentrating on racial socialization as a variable.
Terrorism and its impact on mental health.

The burden of mental illness in the aftermath of large-scale population level disasters is substantial and for some has lasting effects. While trajectories of mental illness following population-level disasters are similar irrespective of the type of disaster (e.g. terrorism, natural, or technological), terrorism does present unique challenges. This chapter discusses the conceptual issues particular to the mental health consequences of terrorism, reviews the available literature on the mental health consequences of terrorism in the affected and broader communities, and discusses public health interventions and treatments for the mental health consequences of terrorism.