cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-contact Measurements of Size and Charge Distributions of Submicron Particles using an ESPART Analyzer

Characterization of size and electrostatic charge distributions of submicron particles with an instrument capable of in-situ and non-contact measurements is often necessary for many industrial and medical applications. These applications are related to thin film coatings, nanostructural assembly particles for energy conversion research and processing pharmaceutical fine powders, for example. The ESPART analyzer, which is used widely in the electro-photography industries for quality control of toner particles and, recently, in the lung deposition studies of inhaled particles for respiratory drug delivery, operates well in the size range of 1.0 to 20 mum in aerodynamic diameter and for an electrostatic charge range from zero to the saturation charge limit of individual particles with either positive or negative polarity. For measurement of submicron particles, however, several design changes in the instrument are necessary since both optical scattering and electrodynamic properties are significantly different with respect to those of larger particles. Advancement of the ESPART Analyzer with (1) a new optical geometry of Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) for an efficient collection of scattered light from submicron particles, (2) a high frequency simultaneous excitation of the particles, as they cross the sensing volume of the LDV, with acoustic and electric drives and (3) an electronic signal processing system capable of analyzing LDV signals for determining relative phase shift and amplitude of the individual particle motion with respect to the excitation drives is reported. A description of the experimental design is presented. The instrumentation development is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
Early detection of potential experts in question answering communities

Question answering communities (QA) are sustained by a handful of experts who provide a large number of high quality answers. Identifying these experts during the first few weeks of their joining the community can be beneficial as it would allow community managers to take steps to develop and retain these potential experts. In this paper, we explore approaches to identify potential experts as early as within the first two weeks of their association with the QA. We look at users' behavior and estimate their motivation and ability to help others. These qualities enable us to build classification and ranking models to identify users who are likely to become experts in the future. Our results indicate that the current experts can be effectively identified from their early behavior. We asked community managers to evaluate the potential experts identified by our algorithm and their analysis revealed that quite a few of these users were already experts or on the path of becoming experts. Our retrospective analysis shows that some of these potential experts had already left the community, highlighting the value of early identification and engagement.
Colloidal carbon as a multilevel marker for experimental lesions

The use of colloidal carbon for the anatomical marking of experimental lesions is proposed. Visualization of the lesion site may be readily performed through this procedure at the macroscopic, light microscopic, and ultrastructural levels in the same specimen. The chemical inertness of the marker and its relative permanency greatly add to its usefulness.
A Synthetic Approach Reveals Extensive Tunability of Auxin Signaling

Explaining how the small molecule auxin triggers diverse yet specific responses is a long-standing challenge in plant biology. An essential step in auxin response is the degradation of Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA, referred to hereafter as IAA) repressor proteins through interaction with auxin receptors. To systematically characterize diversity in degradation behaviors among IAA|receptor pairs, we engineered auxin-induced degradation of plant IAA proteins in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We found that IAA degradation dynamics vary widely, depending on which receptor is present, and are not encoded solely by the degron-containing domain II. To facilitate this and future studies, we identified a mathematical model able to quantitatively describe IAA degradation behavior in a single parameter. Together, our results demonstrate the remarkable tunability conferred by specific configurations of the auxin response pathway.
Positional disorder in a Josephson-junction array

The effects of positional disorder on the critical behavior of a two-dimensional Josephson-junction array in a magnetic field are investigated both analytically and numerically. The standard replica method is used to analyze this disordered system, which is a physical realization of the two-dimensional gauge glass. It is shown that in the fully frustrated case, weak positional disorder does not change the critical behavior of the pure system although the critical temperature is lowered. Numerical simulations show that the sharpness of the transition is indeed preserved under weak positional disorder. For sufficiently strong disorder, evidence of the transition disappears from the Monte Carlo simulations. Evidence for or against a reentrant transition at low temperature is inconclusive.
Ideological Innocence and Dialogue: A Critical Perspective on Discourse in the Social Studies.

Abstract Discourse about social studies education has been stimulated by recent published reports and by public interest in school improvement; however, the quality of that discourse has remained essentially apolitical thus diminishing opportunities for substantive change. Critical theory, recognizing the ideological dimension of schooling, illuminates the contradictions and tensions among the idealized goals of social studies education and the socializing functions of social studies classrooms. This paper, through a critical analysis of current discourse about social studies curriculum-in-use, demonstrates the continuing failure of such literature to interrogate the structures and beliefs behind surface meanings and values of social studies education in an advanced industrial society.
A search for the seasonal variability on the depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb

Investigations of the atmospheric fallout of 7Be and 210Pb in many places around the globe indicate that there are seasonal variations on the depositional fluxes of these nuclides: high in winter in a few places, while in most places the high occurs in spring. However, these earlier studies did not address quantitatively the corresponding seasonal variations of the amount of precipitation during these periods. Data on the depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb in Galveston, Texas, during the years 1989–1991 indicate that the seasonal variation is not uniform from year to year, and the amount of precipitation primarily controls the depositional fluxes. All the recently published data on the depositional fluxes of these radionuclides to date are synthesized. Also, the seasonal variations of the depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb due to the variations in the amounts of precipitation during these seasons are discussed. This study clearly shows that the depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb during fall were minimum, and most of the time the fallout maxima were confined to either spring and/or summer. Interseasonal variations of the depositional fluxes of these nuclides do not remain the same. The data presented in this paper in conjunction with earlier published data seem to indicate that the observed seasonal increase in the depositional fluxes of 7Be during spring is not due to the troposphere-stratosphere exchange of air masses during that season. The 7Be/ 210Pb activity ratio values remain the highest in summer and this is attributed to the increased rate of vertical transport of 7Be (from the upper troposphere to the middle and lower troposphere) and 210Pb (from the lower troposphere to upper troposphere) due to decreased stability of the troposphere during summer months.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in the Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Children and Adolescents after Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

Background Assessing right ventricular (RV) performance is essential for patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) against cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measures and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 125 outpatients with repaired TOF with available protocol-driven echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and exercise stress testing obtained as part of a cross-sectional study. TAPSE was measured on the two-dimensional apical four-chamber view on echocardiography by two readers. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the association between TAPSE and measures of RV function and exercise capacity. Results The mean age was 12.6 ± 3.3 years, 41 patients (33%) were female, and 104 (83%) were white. TAPSE averaged 1.6 ± 0.37 cm, with an interreader intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.78 ( n = 18). TAPSE was significantly associated with cardiac magnetic resonance–based RV stroke volume after adjustment for gender and body surface area (β = 13.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.25–25.30; P = .02). TAPSE was not associated with cardiac magnetic resonance–based RV ejection fraction ( P = .77). On exercise testing, TAPSE was not associated with peak oxygen consumption, percentage of predicted oxygen consumption, oxygen pulse, or the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide in patients with maximal exercise stress testing ( n = 73 [58%]). Conclusions TAPSE is reproducibly measured by echocardiography in patients with TOF. It is not associated with RV ejection fraction or exercise performance, and its association with RV stroke volume may be confounded by body size. On the basis of these results, TAPSE is not representative of global RV performance in patients with TOF.
Specificity of interleukin–1β-induced changes in monoamine concentrations in hypothalamic nuclei: blockade by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist

The purpose of this study was to examine specificity in the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on monoamines in various areas of the hypothalamus. Adult male rats were injected i.p. with saline or 2.5 or 5.0 μg of IL-1β or were pretreated with 500 μg of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) followed 5 min later by 5 μg of IL-1β. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (AN), median eminence (ME), and medial preoptic area (MPA) were microdissected and analyzed for neurotransmitter concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). In the PVN, IL treatment produced significant increases in the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), DA metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5-HT), and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). IL-1 treatment increased the concentrations of NE and DA in the AN but only of NE in the ME, and it was without any effect in the MPA. Pretreatment with IL-1ra completely blocked the IL-1 effects. It is concluded that IL-1 induces highly specific changes in monoamine metabolism in the hypothalamus, and the nature of these changes depends on specific hypothalamic nuclei.
SU‐GG‐J‐63: CT Artifacts of High‐Density Materials in Proton Radiation Therapy

Method and Materials: A GE Lightspeed 16‐slice CT scanner was used to obtain images for this work. CTimage artifacts introduced by HDM including bone, aluminum,titanium and steel inserts in cylindrical acrylic phantoms with diameters of 16 and 32 cm and water phantoms with different shapes (rectangular and oval shaped) and sizes, were evaluated. The proton ranges in terms of water equivalent thickness (WET) of 50 mm radiating from the surface of each high‐density implant in all directions were calculated from the CTimages. The calculated WETs for the artifact‐contaminated images were compared with the corresponding artifact‐free images for the homogenous phantom. A modified scaling method for high‐density artifact correction was implemented and applied to CTimages containing HDM artifacts. The WETs after correction were compared with the WET values of before correction, and with the expected values. Results: Presence of HDM generates radiating streak artifacts in CTimages, depending on the shape and size of the phantoms carrying these objects. The most extended and severe artifact was observed for the sharp edge, rectangular phantom with large elongation. For a 1‐inch diameter steel insert placed in this phantom, the associated proton range error could be up to 18 mm or 36%. The HDM artifact correction technique could reduce the range error to 2.4 mm or 4.8%. Conclusion: Realistic phantoms with smooth surface shape and proper size should be used to study the HDM artifacts in CTimages. High‐density materials artifact reduction techniques could effectively reduce the range uncertainty but would not eliminate it.
Age-related functional field losses are not eccentricity dependent.

Previous studies have found an increase in peripheral target localization errors in normally sighted older adults. These results have been interpreted as indicative of a constriction of the “useful field of view”. In the present study, we parametrically manipulated masking, distractors and stimulus luminance and examined the relationships between peripheral target localization and age. We found that backward masking and/or flashed distractors increased error rates. This decrement in performance was larger for more peripherally located targets and largest for the older subjects at all stimulus locations. Stimulus luminance (either 2 or 78 cd/m2) had no effect on peripheral localization performance at any age. We also demonstrated that all subjects, regardless of age, had higher localization error rates to more peripherally located targets. In older subjects, error rates increased equally at all eccentricities; that is, there was an eccentricity independent increase in the number of target localization errors as a function of age. This finding does not support the interpretation of a selective constriction of the functional visual field in older subjects.
Educational Stratification in the United States

Recent research on education in the stratification system of the United States is reviewed in light of the demands for data and interpretation which would be generated by a set of national accounts for educational stratification. A descriptive scheme for locating school variables and educational outcomes in the stratification process is proposed. The basic characteristics of the present system of educational stratification in the United States are outlined. Some of the difficulties of measuring changes in the stratification process are illustrated. Methods and results of large-scale surveys of educational stratification are reviewed. Our limited capacity to produce detailed interpretations of the process of stratification which can be generalized to population cohorts is a major obstacle to improved knowledge and policy in the area of educational stratification.
Isolation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alleles required for neuronal maintenance in Drosophila melanogaster

The maintenance of energetic homeostasis in the face of limited available nutrients is a complex problem faced by all organisms. One important mechanism to maintain energetic homeostasis involves the activation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a cell-autonomous energy sensor that is highly sensitive to and regulated by the ATP to ADP and ATP to AMP ratios. However, the genetic analysis of AMPK signaling in vertebrates has been complicated by the existence of multiple redundant AMPK subunits. Here, we describe the identification of mutations in the single Drosophila melanogaster AMPK catalytic subunit (AMPKα) and their implications for neural maintenance and integrity. This article provides a citation replacement for previously published ampkα alleles, transgenes and neuronal phenotypes, which remain accurate; however, they were used in a previously published study that has subsequently been retracted (Mirouse et al., 2013).
Does simulation enhance undergraduate psychiatric nursing education? A formative assessment

Purpose – Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a serious condition that can result in death if it is not recognized and treated appropriately. A high fidelity simulation scenario on AWS was created for psychiatric nurses in an educational setting that focused on the recognition of alcohol withdrawal, implementation of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA) and initiation of appropriate treatment and management of AWS.Design/methodology/approach – A formative assessment teaching strategy was used to evaluate the development and implementation of a high fidelity simulation (HFS) on alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The HFS was part of a baccalaureate undergraduate psychiatric nursing education designed to reinforce classroom theory and clinical application. Results were measured using a self‐report survey completed by students that focused on the details of content and performance.Findings – Feedback from the 38 nursing students who evaluated the HFS was overall positive. Survey results showed that ...
Folk Art Potters of Japan: Beyond an Anthropology of Aesthetics

Folk Art Potters of Japan: Beyond an Anthropology of Aesthetics. Brian Moeran. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.272 pp.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors for the Prevention of Nephropathy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the literature to determine whether hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors are effective for the prevention of nephropathy.DATA SOURCESMEDLINE (1966–April 2003) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–April 2003), as well as bibliographic searches, were conducted.DATA SYNTHESISAlthough the statins are widely used for the prevention of coronary heart disease, non–lipid-lowering effects are also being investigated, namely their potential role in the prevention of nephropathy. Five trials of the statins used in this manner are reviewed, most of which included patients with dyslipidemias, making it difficult to determine whether the renoprotective effects were independent of the lipid-lowering effects.CONCLUSIONSAdequate evidence does not currently exist to support the widespread use of statins as alternatives to strategies known to prevent the progression of renal disease, but statins may be used to complement other therapies in patients with additional indications.
Efficacy of oral and intravenous dexamethasone in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.

Summary Reasons for performing study: Although the efficacy of dexamethasone for the treatment of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) has been documented, the speed of onset of effect and duration of action are unknown, as is the efficacy of orally administered dexamethasone with or without fasting. Objectives: To document the time of onset of effect and duration of action of a dexamethasone solution i.v. or orally with and without fasting. Methods: Protocol 1 used 8 RAO-affected horses with airway obstruction in a crossover design experiment that compared the effect of i.v. saline and dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg bwt) on pulmonary function over 4 h. Protocol 2 used 6 similar horses to compare, in a crossover design, the effects of dexamethasone i.v. (0.1 mg/kg bwt), dexamethasone per os (0.164 mg/kg bwt) with and without prior fasting, and dexamethasone per os (0.082 mg/kg) with fasting. Results: Dexamethasone i.v. caused significant improvement in lung function within 2 h with a peak effect at 4–6 h. Dexamethasone per os was effective within 6 h with peak effect at 24 h at a dose of 0.164 mg/kg bwt prior to feeding. The duration of effect was, for all dexamethasone treatments, statistically significant for 30 h when compared to saline and tended to have a longer duration of effect when used orally. Dexamethasone per os at a dose of 0.164 mg/kg bwt to fed horses had mean effects comparable to dexamethasone at a dose of 0.082 mg/kg bwt per os given to fasted horses, indicating that feeding decreases bioavailability. Conclusions: Dexamethasone administered i.v. has a rapid onset of action in RAO-affected horses. Oral administration of a bioequivalent dose of the same solution to fasted horses is as effective as i.v. administration and tends to have longer duration of action. Fasting horses before oral administration of dexamethasone improves the efficacy of treatment. Potential relevance: Oral administration to fasted horses of a dexamethasone solution intended for i.v. use provides an effective treatment for RAO-affected animals.
The local repressor AcrR plays a modulating role in the regulation of acrAB genes of Escherichia coli by global stress signals

Summary Genes acrAB encode a multidrug efflux pump in Escherichia coli. We have previously reported that transcription of acrAB is increased under general stress conditions (i.e. 4% ethanol, 0.5 M NaCl, and the stationary phase in Luria-Bertanl medium). In this study, lacZ transcriptional fusions and an in vitro gel mobility shift assay have been utilized to study the mechanisms governing the regulation of acrAB. We found that a closely linked gene, acrR, encoded a repressor of acrAB. Nevertheless, the general stress conditions increased transcription of acrAB in the absence of functional AcrR, and such conditions surprisingly increased the transcription of acrR even more strongly than that of acrAB. These results suggest that the general-stress-induced transcription of acrAB is primarily mediated by global regulatory pathway(s), and that one major role of AcrR is to function as a specific secondary modulator to fine tune the level of acrAB transcription and to prevent the unwanted overexpression of acrAB. To our knowledge, this represents a novel mechanism of regulating gene expression in E. coli. Evidence also suggests that the up-regulation of acrAB expression under general stress conditions is not likely to be mediated by the known global regulators, such as MarA or SoxS, although elevated levels of these proteins were shown to increase the transcription of acrAB.
Bicycle Helmet Statutes: An Analysis of State Legislation

Bicycling is a popular activity; however, like all physical activities, participants are exposed to some risk. While many bicycle-related injuries are not life-threatening, head injuries are fairly common. A bicycle helmet is the single most effective method to reduce head injuries and related fatalities, however, overall use remains low. To address the lack of helmet use, especially among children, legislation has been implemented in a number of states. The purpose of this study was to analyze bicycle helmet statutes in states that had such legislation. A keyword search designed to identify bicycle helmet legislation for all 50 states was conducted by utilizing the LEXIS/NEXIS database. Statutes were analyzed and, based upon the information contained within, placed into a descriptive table by categories. Many of the statutes analyzed have similarities, however, notable differences exist. Comprehensive statutory information is provided in addition to a discussion of categorized results.
Using Spatial Econometrics to Measure Ozone Pollution Externalities

This paper summarizes my previous work in Lin (2010), in which I use spatial econometrics to analyze air pollution externalities. In Lin (2010), state-by-state source-receptor transfer coefficients that can be used as a basis for a location- differentiated permit system are estimated. Results affirm the importance of regional transport in determining local ozone air quality, although owing to non-monotonicities in ozone production the externality is not always negative. Because the origin of emissions matters, results also reject a non-spatially differentiated NOx cap and trade program as an appropriate mechanism for reducing ozone smog.
Acquired hemophilia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Acquired hemophilia is caused by the spontaneous development of an auto-antibody against factor VIII (FVIII), thereby interfering with its coagulant properties [1]. It is a rare disorder with an in...
Urban tree-planting programs — A model for encouraging environmentally protective behavior

Efforts to increase environmentally sound behaviors and practices have in the past often focussed on consciousness-raising and attitude change. Research indicates that such efforts are less effective than interventions designed to make environmentally sound behaviors easier to engage in, or to make personal advantages resulting from such behaviors more clear to individuals. Four nonprofit tree planting organizations were studied as examples of successful environmental interventions. From these studies, as well as a review of the literature, several principles underlying successful behavioral interventions are identified. Implications of these principles for future environmental programs are discussed.
Spatiotemporal occurrence of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) on the West Florida Shelf and apparent overlap with a commercial fishery

Information on the spatial and temporal distribution of protected marine species is critical for the development of conservation strategies. We examined a 12-year dataset describing the postnesting...
The Lack of an Empirical Rationale for a Revival of Discretionary Fiscal Policy

A decade ago in a paper, “Reassessing Discretionary Fiscal Policy,” published in the Journal of Economic Perspectives, I concluded that “in the current context of the US economy, it seems best to let fiscal policy have its main countercyclical impact through the automatic stabilizers. ... It would be appropriate in the current circumstances for discretionary fiscal policy to be saved explicitly for longer term issues, requiring less frequent changes.” This was not an unusual conclusion at the time. As Martin Eichenbaum (1997) put it, “There is now widespread agreement that countercyclical discretionary fiscal policy is neither desirable nor politically feasible,” or, according to Martin Feldstein (2002), “There is now widespread agreement in the economics profession that deliberate ‘countercyclical’ discretionary policy has not contributed to economic stability and may have actually been destabilizing in the past.” Despite this widespread agreement of a decade ago, there has recently been a dramatic revival of interest in discretionary fiscal policy. The purpose of this short paper is to review the empirical evidence during the past decade and determine whether it calls for such a revival. I find that it does not.
A process model of skilled human performance in a dynamic uncertain environment

A model of skilled human performance in a complex laboratory task is presented. The task required human crews to perform manual and supervisory control of multiple craft to discover and process objects in a simulated world. The model could perform the task as well as the most highly skilled human crews and could be parameterized to mimic the behavior of crews that differed in both crew size and experience level. The model's 'perceptual system' consists of a set of cue-weighted functions that map displayed information directly into values indicating the appropriateness of various actions. The perceptual system processes an 'image' prediction of the environment to plan future actions. A central mechanism detects and resolves potential conflicts between the simulated craft's actions, and a hierarchically structured set of action mechanisms simulates the manipulation of interface controls. Relationships with other models of skilled performance are discussed. >
Customer-Employee Rapport in Service Relationships

Relationships are an important aspect of doing business, and few businesses can survive without establishing solid relationships with their customers. Although the marketing literature suggests tha...
Detection of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in Routine Cultures of Samples from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but detection generally requires specialized cultures for acid-fast bacilli (AFB; AFB cultures). We determined that RGM could be recovered from routine cultures of samples from patients with CF by extending incubation of the Burkholderia cepacia selective agar (BCSA) from 5 to 14 days. To explore the impact of this modification, we compared results from routine and AFB cultures of samples from CF patients for 2 years before (4,212 samples by routine culture, 1,810 samples by AFB culture, 670 patients) and 2 years after (4,720 samples by routine culture, 2,179 samples by AFB culture, 695 patients) the change. Clinical relevance was assessed with samples from a subgroup of 340 patients followed regularly throughout both periods. Extending incubation of BCSA enhanced RGM recovery from routine cultures (0.7% before, 2.8% after; P < 0.001); recovery from AFB cultures was unchanged (5.5% before, 5.7% after). Estimates of RGM detection sensitivity by culture or patient-based methods ranged from ∼65 to 75% for routine cultures (nonsignificantly lower than the ∼80 to 85% for AFB cultures) and were adversely affected by coculture with mold or nonpseudomonal, nonfermenting Gram-negative rods. In the after period, 16 CF patients met the criteria for RGM infection by routine culture, including 4 who did not meet the criteria for RGM infection by AFB culture. We conclude that a simple methodological change enhanced recovery of RGM from routine cultures. The modified culture method could be utilized to improve screening for RGM in CF patients or as a simpler method to follow patients with known RGM infection. However, this method should be used cautiously in patients with certain coinfections.
Vacuum frying of potato chips

Vacuum frying was tested as an alternative technique to develop low oil content potato chips. The effect of oil temperature (118, 132, 144 C) and vacuum pressure (16.661, 9.888, and 3.115 kPa) on the drying rate and oil absorption of potato chips and on the product quality attributes such as shrinkage, color, and texture was investigated. Furthermore, the characteristics of the vacuumfried potato chips (3.115 kPa and 144 C) were compared to potato chips fried under atmospheric conditions (165 C). During vacuum frying, oil temperature and vacuum pressure had a significant effect on the drying rate and oil absorption rate of potato chips. Potato chips fried at lower vacuum pressure and higher temperature had less volume shrinkage. Color was not significantly affected by the oil temperature and vacuum pressure. Hardness values increased with increasing oil temperature and decreasing vacuum levels. Potato chips fried under vacuum (3.115 kPa and 144 C) had more volume shrinkage, were slightly softer, and lighter in color than the potato chips fried under atmospheric conditions (165 C). It was concluded that vacuum frying is a process that could be a feasible alternative to produce potato chips with lower oil content and desirable color and texture. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
An efficient approach to pipeline scheme for concurrent testing of VLSI circuits

Presents a unifying procedure, called implicit tree search algorithm (ITSA), for automated allocation of test events in a pipeline scheme for concurrent testing of VLSI circuits. The procedure fully exploits the test parallelism where the test intervals of compatible test events are overlaid so that the system can test as many of them as possible concurrently. Moreover, the utilization of BIST (built-in self-test) resources is optimized. The operation of the ITSA is clearly demonstrated with the detailed examples provided. The simulation shows that ITSA is efficient and generates the scheduling results better than previous work. >
Ultra-broadband 0.18-µm BiCMOS active baluns for extremely wideband RF applications

A new RF active balun is proposed, analyzed and designed using a 0.18-µm BiCMOS technology, showing its distinguished characteristic of good balance across ultra-wide frequency ranges. The active balun provides a high differential-mode gain and extremely low common-mode gain; hence, ultra-high common-mode signal suppression. The designed 0.18-µm BiCMOS active balun exhibits an ultra-broadband performance from 2 to 40 GHz differential-mode gain from 1 to 5.2 dB and common-mode signal suppression from 25 to 71 dB. Good matching at its input and output are obtained at the 35-GHz design frequency. The RF active balun consumes a dc current of 8.2 mA from a 1.8 V source.
Progressive and interactive analysis of event data using event miner

Exploring large data sets typically involves activities that iterate between data selection and data analysis, in which insights obtained from analysis result in new data selection. Further, data analysis needs to use a combination of analysis techniques: data summarization, mining algorithms and visualization. This interweaving of functions arises both from the semantics of what the analyst hopes to achieve and from scalability requirements for dealing with large data volumes. We refer to such a process as a progressive analysis. Herein is described a tool, Event Miner, that integrates data selection, mining and visualization for progressive analysis of temporal, categorical data. We discuss a data model and architecture. We illustrate how our tool can be used for complex mining tasks such as finding patterns not occurring on Monday. Further, we discuss the novel visualization employed, such as visualizing categorical data and the results of data mining. Also, we discuss the extension of the existing mining framework needed to mine temporal events with multiple attributes. Throughout, we illustrate the capabilities of Event Miner by applying it to event data from large computer networks.
Real-Time Performance Monitoring, Adaptive Control, and Interactive Steering of Computational Grids

To support creation of nimble applications for computational grids, the authors believe one must eliminate the barrier that separates program creation from execution and post-mortem optimization. This paper outlines an approach to dynamic performance adaptation and distributed optimization in the grid environment based on a suite of performance instrumentation, analysis, and presentation tools that includes distributed performance sensors and resource policy actuators, fuzzy logic rule bases for adaptive control, and immersive visualization systems for real-time visualization and direct manipulation of software behavior.
A Novel Prognostic Model for Risk Stratification in Younger Patients with Intermediate Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

230 ASXL1 Mutations in AML: Molecular Biomarker for Secondary AML? Jingmei Hsu, MD/PhD, Anita Kumar, MD/MS, Martin Carroll, MD, Noelle Frey, MD, Nirav Shah, MD, Jianhua Zhao, PhD, Elizabeth Hexner, MD, Alison Loren, MD/PhD, Alexander Perl, MD, David Porter, MD, Jennifer Morrissette, PhD, Selina Luger, MD Hematology/Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Reading (in the Clinic) Is Fundamental

Lawyers do a lot of reading. Much of what we think of as legal work involves reading, and there is real consequence if it’s not done well. Yet this core professional activity does not attract much attention in the clinical and lawyering skills literatures, and it’s easy to take reading for granted. This article argues that clinical teachers, who are charged with developing lawyer competencies and disciplines in their students, should think explicitly about reading as a professional activity. They should consider bringing an awareness of novice reading challenges and a reading development sensibility to the everyday work of the clinic, and take advantage of opportunities in that work for practice in, and reflection about, what it takes and what it means to read as a lawyer. The article includes a discussion of the scholarly literature relating to legal reading including several studies comparing expert and novice reading practices, some observations about the relevance and utility of that literature to the clinical instructor, and discussion of several specific teaching ideas.
Smitty Stevens’ Test of Retinex Theory

This paper describes an experiment that Smitty performed while I was giving the William James lectures at Harvard. It was a modification of Craik’s and Cornsweet’s experiments using mixtures of red and blue instead of black and white. Smitty’s experiment tested whether the colors produced were the colors one would expect from the predictions of Retinex theory. This paper describes the experiment, the predictions, and the results.
To the Perfection of Waste: Utopian Visions and Reimagining Managing

Growing volumes of waste create ever more management responsibility and financial burden for public administrators, particularly on the local level. Theorists and practitioners make a compelling argument that waste disposal can and should be fully internalized, resulting in a utopian reutilization of waste in a closed circuit of the management of production, consumption, and recycling. Drawing upon the work of Herbert Marcuse, this article identifies the importance of utopian imagining of administration to provide a foundation for new social and environmental relations of human liberation and nondomination. McDonough and Braungart’s “cradle to cradle” model and updated “upcycle” model, the focus of this article, fall into the trap that Marcuse warned about: assuming as necessary the wasteful material conditions of capitalism. While providing a rhetorically convincing description of the technics of a utopian society, the analytic argument ignores the constraints of capitalism in managing waste creation. Wh...
Rapid Stencil Mask Fabrication Enabled One-Step Polymer-Free Graphene Patterning and Direct Transfer for Flexible Graphene Devices

We report a one-step polymer-free approach to patterning graphene using a stencil mask and oxygen plasma reactive-ion etching, with a subsequent polymer-free direct transfer for flexible graphene devices. Our stencil mask is fabricated via a subtractive, laser cutting manufacturing technique, followed by lamination of stencil mask onto graphene grown on Cu foil for patterning. Subsequently, micro-sized graphene features of various shapes are patterned via reactive-ion etching. The integrity of our graphene after patterning is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. We further demonstrate the rapid prototyping capability of a stretchable, crumpled graphene strain sensor and patterned graphene condensation channels for potential applications in sensing and heat transfer, respectively. We further demonstrate that the polymer-free approach for both patterning and transfer to flexible substrates allows the realization of cleaner graphene features as confirmed by water contact angle measurements. We believe that our new method promotes rapid, facile fabrication of cleaner graphene devices, and can be extended to other two dimensional materials in the future.
Study on Characteristics of He3I—III Reservoir in the Shuanghe Oilfield,Henan

By analyzing the thin sections and physical property,the petrology characteristics,pore texture and pore types,physical property of the He3Ⅰ—Ⅲ reservoir in Shuanghe oilfield were studied,and the mainly controlling factor of reservoir ability was analyzed.The result indicates that the reservoir of He3Ⅰ—Ⅲ deposited in fan-delta frontier have low compositional maturity and low textural maturity.The intergranular pore and dissolved pore were developed in research formation.The reservoir are mediate porosity and mediate to high permeability.The reservoir physical property was mainly controlled by sedimentary facies.
An Analysis of Operative Experiences of Junior General Surgical Residents and Correlation With the SCORE Curriculum

Objective Junior surgical resident education at academic institutions is traditionally focused to preoperative and postoperative patient management. Our objective was to investigate the number and type of surgical procedures performed by junior general surgery residents in comparison with the American Board of Surgery requirements and the Surgical Council on Resident Education (SCORE) curriculum. Design This was a retrospective study using the Accreditation Counsel for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) operative case logs of junior surgical residents. Setting The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; a tertiary academic medical center. Participants We performed, an institutional review board approved, retrospective review of logged surgical cases from general surgical residents during postgraduate year (PGY) 1 and 2 from 2009 to 2015 at an academic medical center. Summary case logs were accessed from the ACGME. Procedures were extracted from the SCORE curriculum and correlated to corresponding ACGME defined procedures for total cases, major cases, and endoscopy. Minor cases and patient care cases were excluded as they were not clearly defined on the category report. SCORE procedures were excluded if there was not a corresponding ACGME procedure on the summary report. SCORE procedures and ACGME procedures were combined with each other if there was overlap with correlation. Statistics were performed on individual and total resident data. One-sample student's t -test was used to compare total number of cases logged with the 250 case log ABS requirement and to compare the total major cases and endoscopy performed with those represented on SCORE. Results Overall, 26 residents completed both PGY-1 and 2 years from 2009 to 2015, and remained at the same institution for case logs to be accessed during the study period. A total of 21 residents (80.76%) completed 250 cases or more after their first 2 years of residency. Across all years, the mean case log was 349 cases (p = 0.20), and was statistically more than than 250 cases in 3 of the 5 class years. Junior residents completed a total mean of 312 major and endoscopy cases (89%) at the end of 2 years, which was statistically higher than the 75% testing hypothesis across all years (p t -test, SCORE procedures represented more than 85% of the major and endoscopy cases logged (p Conclusions Our study demonstrates that junior surgical residents meet the 250 case log requirement put forth by the ABS, and most major procedures and endoscopy performed correspond with the core cases of the SCORE curriculum at our institution. This study aid in the confirmation of the SCORE curriculum for junior residents, and those procedures which should be designated as core.
Anomalous Putamen Volume in Children With Complex Motor Stereotypies

Abstract Background Complex motor stereotypies in children are repetitive rhythmic movements that have a predictable pattern and location, seem purposeful, but serve no obvious function, tend to be prolonged, and stop with distraction, e.g., arm or hand flapping, waving. They occur in both "primary" (otherwise typically developing) and secondary conditions. These movements are best defined as habitual behaviors and therefore pathophysiologically hypothesized to reside in premotor to posterior putamen circuits. This study sought to clarify the underlying neurobiologic abnormality in children with primary complex motor stereotypies using structural neuroimaging, emphasizing brain regions hypothesized to underlie these atypical behaviors. Methods High-resolution anatomic magnetic resonance images, acquired at 3.0 T, were analyzed in children aged eight to twelve years (20 with primary complex motor stereotypies and 20 typically developing). Frontal lobe subregions and striatal structures were delineated for analysis. Results Significant reductions ( P = 0.045) in the stereotypies group were identified in total putamen volume but not in caudate, nucleus accumbens, or frontal subregions. There were no group differences in total cerebral volume. Conclusions Findings of a smaller putamen provide preliminary evidence suggesting the potential involvement of the habitual pathway as the underlying anatomic site in primary complex motor stereotypies.
“The Behavior Kids”: Examining the Conflation of Youth Reading Difficulty and Behavior Problem Positioning Among School Institutional Contexts

Youth readers navigate complex school contexts involving not only different classes, teachers, and texts but also various institutional processes, such as tracking and reading assessment. Yet little research has examined how or why adolescents’ literacy skills vary as youths interact with these myriad contexts across space and time. During this year-long study, I shadowed eight ninth graders identified as struggling readers across content classes. Data sources included 425 hours of observations, 64 interviews, assessments, and school records and artifacts. Analysis showed that participants’ interactions with interrelated institutional contexts for reading intervention and school discipline tended to position students as deficient readers and deviant youths regardless, sometimes, of engaged, skillful reading. Findings have implications for the reconstruction of secondary literacy contexts.
A Computational Systems Approach To Urban Disruptions

Urban infrastructures are the focus of terrorist acts because, quite simply, they produce the most visible impact, if not casualties. While terrorist acts are the most insidious and onerous of all disruptions, it is obvious that there are many similarities to the way one should deal with these willful acts and those caused by natural and accidental incidents that have also resulted in adverse and severe consequences. However, there is one major and critical difference between terrorist acts and the other types of disruptions: the terrorist acts are willful - and therefore also adaptive. One must counter these acts with the same, if not more sophisticated, willful, adaptive and informed approach. Real-time, information-based decision making or decision informatics is the approach advanced herein to help make the right decisions at the various stages of a disruption. It is focused on decisions and based on multiple data sources, data fusion and analysis methods, timely information, stochastic decision models and a systems engineering outlook; moreover, it is multidisciplinary, evolutionary and systemic in practice. The approach provides a consistent way to address real-time emergency issues, including those concerned with the preparation for a major disruption, the prediction of such a disruption, the prevention or mitigation of the disruption, the detection of the disruption, the response to the disruption, and the recovery steps that are necessary to adequately, if not fully, recuperate from the disruption. The efforts of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security and its academically-based Homeland Security Centers of Excellence are considered within the proposed types, stages and decisions framework
Getting Principled: Reflections on Teaching CS Principles at Two College Board University Pilots

The College Board estimates that the new AP CS Principles (CSP) course will set a participation record for new course launches. With a large number of students across the USA enrolling in CSP at the high school level, CS departments at colleges and universities will need to begin considering their position for awarding AP credit. One possibility is the introduction of a new college-focused CSP course for non-majors that can serve as a mapping for AP credit. This paper summarizes the experiences of two faculty at different universities who were official CSP College Board Pilots for several years. An overview of each university's experience is provided in terms of student demographics, common evaluation measures, and individual course nuances, followed by a series of recommendations to faculty who are considering the creation of a CSP course within the curriculum of their own department.