cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of chronic systolic heart failure guideline adherence for two ambulatory clinics.

*Guidelines have been published for management of chronic systolic heart failure to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. Objective: A quality review of the heart failure medical therapy for a community family medicine residency program clinic and a multidisciplinary heart failure specialty clinic was performed to compare adherence to ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines, with regard to medications and in titrating to recommended target doses. Methods: The study was a retrospective chart review and data collected included name and dose of any ACEI, beta-blocker, ARB, or other medication addressed in the guidelines. Results: Specialty clinic patients had significantly lower systolic blood pressures and ejection fractions. Significantly more patients were prescribed beta-blockers in the specialty clinic population (98% vs 80%, p<0.05). Both patient populations had very low rates of reaching target beta-blocker doses (15% vs 21%, p=0.27). More patients in the family medicine clinic reached target doses of ACEI (64% vs 49%, p<0.05) and ARBs (67% vs 35%, p<0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed the vast majority of patients in either a community family medicine residency program or heart failure specialty clinic were prescribed ACEI or ARB, and beta-blockers. However, achieving target doses should continue to be an important goal for practitioners.
"Ethics in the Details": An NSF Project to Integrate Ethics into the Graduate Engineering Curriculum

An NSF grant is described that supports the development, assessment, and dissemination of "micro- insertions " designed to integrate ethics into the graduate engineering curriculum. In contrast to traditional modular approaches to ethics pedagogy, micro-insertions introduce ethical issues by means of a "low-dose" approach. Following a description of the micro-insertion approach, we outline the workshop structure being used to teach engineering faculty and graduate students how to develop micro-insertions for graduate engineering courses. We also explain the role that technical communication faculty and graduate students are playing as part of the grant team, specifically in developing an Ethics In-Basket that will serve as a repository for micro-insertions.
De la nation ethnique à la nation civique: enjeux pour l'Eglise catholique polonaise:

With the advent of a legitimate, democratic state in Poland it is necessary not only to reconsider the traditional role and the predominant place of the Catholic Church in Polish society, but also - and more significantly -to redefine the bases of national identity. The author's thesis is that the national and political legitimacy of the state is leading to a transition from a primarily cultural and religious definition of the nation and of Polish national identity (ethnic nation ), to one that is more political and civic in character (civic nation). This gradual identity shift is characterized by tensions between two opposed visions of the nation, indicating a slow move away from an essentialist conception of the nation to a more pluralist one. It is in that broader perspective of national redefinition that we can best understand the debate over the place of the Catholic Church in post-communist Poland, since the Church has much to lose from such an identity transition.
Vertical-mode and cloud decomposition of large-scale convectively coupled gravity waves in a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model

This paper describes an analysis of large-scale [O(1000 km)] convectively coupled gravity waves simulated using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. The waves develop spontaneously under uniform radiative cooling and approximately zero-mean-flow conditions, with wavenumber 2 of the domain appearing most prominently and right-moving components dominating over left-moving components for random reasons. The analysis discretizes the model output in two ways. First, a vertical-mode transform projects profiles of winds, temperature, and heating onto the vertical modes of the model’s base-state atmosphere. Second, a cloud-partitioning algorithm sorts sufficiently cloudy grid columns into three categories: shallow convective, deep convective, and stratiform anvil. Results show that much of the tilted structures of the waves can be captured by just two main vertical spectral “bands,” each consisting of a pair of vertical modes. The “slow” modes have propagation speeds of 16 and 18 m s � 1 (and roughly a full-wavelength vertical structure through the troposphere), while the “fast” modes have speeds of 35 and 45 m s � 1 (and roughly a half-wavelength structure). Deep convection anomalies in the waves are more or less in phase with the low-level cold temperature anomalies of the slow modes and in quadrature with those of the fast modes. Owing to the characteristic life cycle of deep convective cloud systems, shallow convective heating peaks � 2 h prior to maximum deep convective heating, while stratiform heating peaks � 3 h after. The onset of deep convection in the waves is preceded by a gradual deepening of shallow convection lasting a period of many hours. Results of this study are in broad agreement with simple two-mode models of unstable large-scale wave growth, under the name “stratiform instability.” Differences here are that 1) the key dynamical modes have speeds in the range 16–18 m s � 1 , rather than 23–25 m s � 1 (owing to a shallower depth of imposed radiative cooling), and 2) deep convective heating, as well as stratiform heating, is essential for the generation and maintenance of the slow modes.
ALTERATIONS IN THE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF RATS WITH INDUCED TOLERANCE: IN VITRO STUDY OF DIAPHRAGM

Oxidative metabolism of diaphragms from endotoxin- and trauma-tolerant rats was investigated, utilizing the reduction of tetrazolium salt. It was found that diaphragms from normal and stress-tolerant animals did not differ in "oxidative performance" (activity in the absence of the redox dye phenazine methosulfate). However, diaphragms from tolerant animals exhibited a highly significant enhancement in "oxidative potential" (activity in the presence of phenazine methosulfate). This change was apparently not precipitated by adjustments in circulatory dynamics, nor was it related to reticuloendothelial stimulation. The suggestion is made that the effects observed may develop through the secondary release of endogenous epinephrine. Evidence is presented suggesting that the enhancement of "oxidative potential" exhibited by the parenchymal tissues of tolerant animals represents an adaptation in metabolism whereby pools of potentially oxidizable foodstuffs are stockpiled.
Clinical predictors of larynx preservation after multiagent concurrent chemoradiotherapy

Background. Determining which patients benefit from larynx preservation strategies remains problematic. We reviewed our experience using multiagent concurrent chemora- diotherapy to identify clinical predictors for success. Methods. Cisplatin and fluorouracil were given during weeks 1 and 4 of radiation to 115 patients with locoregionally advanced larynx or hypopharynx squamous cell cancer without cartilage invasion or laryngeal destruction. Laryngectomy was reserved for local failure. Results. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier projected overall survival was 58%, survival with larynx preservation 52%, local control without surgery 82%, local control (including surgical salvage) 94%, and survival with functional larynx 49%. Local control with- out surgery was superior in patients with T1-2 versus T3-4 tumors (97% vs 77%, p 5 .032). No other clinical parameters proved predictive of local control. Conclusion. Larynx preservation was successful in all sub- sets of appropriately selected patients. Although local failure was more likely in patients with T3-4 tumors, it was infrequent and surgical salvage was effective. V C 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 30: 1535-1542, 2008
Distribution and occurrence of the exotic digenetic trematode (Centrocestus formosanus), its exotic snail intermediate host (Melanoides tuberculatus), and rates of infection of fish in springs systems in western Texas

Abstract We examined the distribution and co-occurrence of the exotic digenetic trematode Centrocestus formosanus, its exotic intermediate host the red-rim melania snail Melanoides tuberculatus, and rates of infection of fish in 10 spring systems throughout western Texas during 1999 and 2011. Four of the spring systems (East Sandia Springs, Independence Creek, Big Bend National Park Refugium Pond, and Clear Creek) did not contain red-rim melania snails in 1999 and 2011. Four spring systems that were populated with snails (San Felipe Creek, San Solomon Springs, Phantom Lake, and Diamond Y Springs) contained the trematode and were positive for branchial infection in fish except Diamond Y Springs which contained uninfected snails and fish. Since 1999, two additional spring systems, Pinto Creek and Devils River, contained the trematode. We found a high prevalence of branchial infection for fish collected regardless of species. Seventeen of the 21 species of fish collected from the spring systems were positive...
Velocity of large-scale, cavity shear layer structures through time-resolved schlieren images

Time-correlated schlieren photographs of a resonating cavity shear layer revealed largescale convective structures within the shear layer. An analysis of the image time series showed that the density gradients associated with structures move across the cavity opening at a fraction of the freestream speed, typically between 0.25U∞ and 0.6U∞. The analysis also revealed that the typical time associated with the formation of a structure at the upstream end of the cavity and its eventual passage over the downstream edge of the cavity corresponded to an “effective” velocity around 0.4U∞. The empirically derived Rossiter coefficient, k, in these cases typically ranged between 0.55 and 0.6. The results, therefore, contradict the dated but somewhat conventional notion that k in Rossiter’s equation represents the convective velocity fraction of large-scale structures in the shear over the length of the cavity.
Pulse shape analysis for electron mobility study in cadmium zinc telluride gamma-ray detectors

A pulse shape analysis technique was implemented to determine electron mobility, /spl mu//sub e/, and electron mobility lifetime product, /spl mu//sub e//spl tau//sub e/ in cadmium zinc telluride detectors (CZT). The digital gamma finder, (DGF-4C), a single width CAMAC module produced by X-ray Instrumentation Associates (XIA), was used to extract pulse height, pulse shape, and signal rise time information. Post data acquisition analysis using the extracted information allowed measuring the /spl mu//sub e/ and /spl mu//sub e//spl tau//sub e/, in selected CZT samples. An almost linear relationship was observed for the signal rise time as a function of the inverse bias. This observed linear relationship was the basis for determination of /spl mu//sub e/ using a simple linear fit. The measured signal amplitude was also used to determine /spl mu//sub e//spl tau//sub e/ using the Hecht formulation. Repeated measurements carried out confirmed the consistency of the method in determining /spl mu//sub e/ and /spl mu//sub e//spl tau//sub e/.
Adaptive Pattern Recognition of Myoelectric Signals: Exploration of Conceptual Framework and Practical Algorithms

Pattern recognition is a useful tool for deciphering movement intent from myoelectric signals. Recognition paradigms must adapt with the user in order to be clinically viable over time. Most existing paradigms are static, although two forms of adaptation have received limited attention. Supervised adaptation can achieve high accuracy since the intended class is known, but at the cost of repeated cumbersome training sessions. Unsupervised adaptation attempts to achieve high accuracy without knowledge of the intended class, thus achieving adaptation that is not cumbersome to the user, but at the cost of reduced accuracy. This study reports a novel adaptive experiment on eight subjects that allowed repeated measures post-hoc comparison of four supervised and three unsupervised adaptation paradigms. All supervised adaptation paradigms reduced error over time by at least 26% compared to the nonadapting classifier. Most unsupervised adaptation paradigms provided smaller reductions in error, due to frequent uncertainty of the correct class. One method that selected high-confidence samples showed the most practical implementation, although the other methods warrant future investigation. Supervised adaptation should be considered for incorporation into any clinically viable pattern recognition controller, and unsupervised adaptation should receive renewed interest in order to provide transparent adaptation.
Translating Research and Surveillance into Action

The International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) will hold its twelfth annual conference in New Orleans on December 12 th and 13 th , 2013. Led by the Society’s mission to improve population health by advancing the science and practice of disease surveillance, the conference brings together researchers and practitioners in public health, epidemiology, health policy, biostatistics and mathematical modeling, informatics, computer science, and related fields focused on biosurveillance and emerging challenges to public health practice. The theme of this year’s conference, Translating Research and Surveillance into Action , promotes the activities that are making a difference in the public health community. With abstracts submitted by authors from 36 countries, the conference will highlight research and successes in practice from around the world. Of the 211 abstracts submitted to the conference, 66 were chosen for oral presentation, 80 for posters, 4 for roundtable discussions, 4 for panels and 28 for a new presentation type, lightning talks. With 14 talks in 2 separate sessions, lightning talks will provide the audience with an information-packed series of 5 minute presentations. They will include themes like how to best use social media, what types of surveillance were performed during the 2013 Super Bowl, what algorithms work best for detection of outbreaks in resource-limited countries, and many other fantastic topics. In keeping with the conference theme of action, and due to the increasing frequency of major events requiring public health response (such as extreme weather and terrorist bombings), we are grateful to have Dr. David Abramson provide the opening keynote. Dr. Abramson is the deputy director of the National Center for Disaster Preparedness and can offer insight into how public health surveillance can be used before, during, and after disasters. We are also very pleased to have Dr. Gary Slutkin, the founder and executive director of the Cure Violence organization, speak at the conference. Dr. Slutkin will discuss his organization’s fascinating use of epidemiologic techniques applied to the problem of reducing gang violence in inner cities. We look forward to hearing their experience and the challenge of thinking about epidemiology and surveillance in a new light. I am looking forward to the 2013 ISDS Conference – it is one of the few places where public health practice, analytics, information technology, and policy seamlessly merge in a meaningful way. Every year I listen to inspiring success stories of surveillance practice, intriguing informatics techniques, brilliant analytical methods, and thoughtful policy discussions. And while all of those topics are remarkable by themselves, they are surpassed by the amazing people I meet and the connections that I make every year at ISDS!
Gene replacement therapy in the CNS: A view from the retina

Gene replacement therapy holds great promise in the treatment of many genetic CNS disorders. This commentary discusses the feasibility of gene replacement therapy in the unique context of the retina, with regard to: (1) the genetics of retinal neoplasia and degeneration, (2) available gene transfer technology, and (3) potential gene delivery vehicles.
The Development of Cell Banking in the United States 1960–1985: A Strategic Approach to Quality Control

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses events and personages involved in the development of a national cell banking program that began in 1960 and now has nearly 10,000 well-described, quality-controlled cultures to show for its efforts. The whole philosophy of the Viruses and Cancer Program centered on facilitating and coordinating efforts of independent, creative, and productive scientists who could be persuaded to cooperate in achieving mutually agreed upon objectives. If there had been constraints on growth or funding of programs, there could have been operational difficulties but with an expanding budget and increased personnel slots available, these issues did not become stumbling blocks to program growth.
The Standard Deviation in the Weight of White Leghorn Eggs

Abstract It is well known that eggs vary in weight. It is also clearly evident that it would be an advantage to both producers and consumers if eggs were of uniform weight. What are the factors that bring about fluctuations in egg weight? If these factors or influences were known it is possible that poultrymen would be able to breed and select or feed and handle fowls so that eggs more uniform in weight would be produced. To begin the study of this subject about 50,000 eggs have been weighed at the West Virginia Experiment Station during the past three years. These eggs were laid by six flocks of single comb White Leghorn fowls, designated as flocks A, B, C, D, E, and F. Each female in flock A had one or more full sisters in flock and vice versa. Similarly the fowls in C and D were sisters, and likewise . . .
Organized Crime in Chicago: Beyond the Mafia. By Robert M. Lombardo. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2013. Pp. ix, 257. $85.00.)

Since Eliot Ness pursued Al Capone in the 1930s, the face of organized crime has often been Italian. Mass media has perpetuated the “mafioso” stereotype. Scholars, too, have studied organized crime...
Genetic Effects of Radiation

(1958). Genetic Effects of Radiation. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 19-22.
Rotavirus Vaccines — Balancing Intussusception Risks and Health Benefits

In January 2006, the Journal published two landmark articles reporting the safety and efficacy of two different vaccines — RotaTeq (Merck), a pentavalent vaccine (RV5),1 and Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline), a monovalent vaccine (RV1)2 — to prevent rotavirus, the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide and of deaths from diarrhea in low-income countries. Each trial enrolled more than 60,000 infants to determine whether these live oral vaccines caused intussusception, the rare complication that in 1999 forced the withdrawal of the first licensed rotavirus vaccine, RotaShield (Wyeth Lederle), less than a year after it was recommended for routine immunization of U.S. . . .
Properly Timing Foliar-applied Fertilizers Increases Efficacy: A Review and Update on Timing Foliar Nutrient Applications to Citrus and Avocado

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. alternate bearing, boron, nitrate, potassium, phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, urea SUMMARY. Foliar fertilization efficiently meets the nutrient demand of tree fruit crops during periods when soil conditions (low or high temperatures, low or excess soil moisture, pH, salinity) render soil-applied fertilizers ineffective, whennutrients (e.g., phosphate, potassium, and trace elements) become fixed in the soil, and when tree nutrient demand is high. Applying nutrients directly to leaves ensures that the metabolic machinery of the tree is not compromised by low availability of an essential nutrient. It should be noted that phloem mobile nutrients applied to the foliage are translocated to all tree parts, even feeder roots. Because foliar application of fertilizers can reduce nutrient accumulation in soil, runoff water, surface water (streams, lakes, ocean), and groundwater (drinking water supply), where they contribute to salinity, eutrophication, or nitrate contamination, with negative consequences to the environment and humans, it is highly desirable to replace soilapplied fertilizers at least in part with foliar-applied fertilizers. However, not all nutrients are taken up through leaves and, even if taken up, some nutrients are not phloem mobile. In addition, although foliar fertilizer rates are typically lower than soil fertilizer rates, application can be more costly. The goal has been to time the applicationoffoliarfertilizerstokeystagesofcitrus(Citrussp.)andavocado(Persea americana) tree phenology when demand for the nutrient is likely to be high and especially when soil conditions are likely to compromise nutrient uptake by roots. This approach has proven successful for increasing yield, fruit size, and grower income even when the tree is not nutrient deficient by standard leaf analysis. Winter prebloom foliar-applied low-biuret urea was previously documented to increase total yield of both navel and ‘Valencia’ oranges (Citrus sinensis). Adaptation of this treatment to ‘Nules’ Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata) increased the yield of commercially valuable size fruit in two experiments. Foliar application of boron or low-biuret urea to ‘Hass’ avocado trees at the ‘‘cauliflower’’ stage of inflorescence development increased total yield; potassium phosphite applied at this stage of tree phenology increased the yield of commercially valuable size fruit.
Disassociation of oxidant-induced ATP depletion and DNA damage from early cytotoxicity in LLC-PK1 cells

To determine the mechanism(s) of oxidant-mediated cell lysis in renal tubular epithelial cells, we determined ATP depletion, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity in LLC-PK1 cells exposed to 500 microM hydrogen peroxide for 1 h with and without inhibitors of lipid peroxidation including a lazaroid compound, 2-methylaminochroman (2-MAC), and Trolox, a vitamin E analog. ATP levels were determined by luciferin-luciferase, DNA damage by the alkaline unwinding technique, lipid peroxidation by the generation of malondialdehyde, and early cytotoxicity (5 h) by the release of 51Cr, whereas late cytotoxicity (24 h) was determined by release of [3H]leucine from prelabeled cells. Cells exposed to 500 microM hydrogen peroxide demonstrated significant (P < 0.01) ATP depletion, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, followed by cell death at 5 h. Concentrations of 0.1–25 microM 2-MAC or 25–500 microM Trolox each markedly and significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited lipid peroxidation and early cytotoxicity but had li...
Genetic Approaches in the Study of Heparan Sulfate Functions in Drosophila

Several classes of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) core proteins and all HS biosynthetic/modifying enzymes are evolutionarily conserved from human to Drosophila melanogaster. This genetically tractable model offers highly sophisticated techniques to manipulate gene function in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Thus, Drosophila has been a powerful system to explore the functions of HSPGs in vivo. In this chapter, we will introduce two genetic techniques available in Drosophila: TARGET (temporal and regional gene expression targeting) and MARCM (mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker).
Chromatographic separation of thulium from erbium for neutron capture cross section measurements—Part II: Preparative scale separation

This paper discusses the development of a separation method for isolation of 171Tm from a half-gram irradiated erbium target in support of stockpile stewardship and astrophysics research. The developed procedure is based on cation exchange separation using alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid (α-HIBA) as chelating agent. It is able to achieve either a decontamination factor of 1.4(4) × 105 with 68.9(3) % recovery or 95.4(3) % recovery with a decontamination factor of 5.82(7) × 103 for a mock 500-mg target containing 17.9 mg thulium in a single pass-through at room temperature.
Looking to the future following 10 years of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies

iPSC technology has radically advanced our understanding of mammalian development. In this Perspective, Belmonte and Li discuss breakthroughs in iPSC technology over the past decade and share their predictions for the future of iPSCs in developmental biology and regenerative medicine. The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has fundamentally changed our view on developmental cell-fate determination and led to a cascade of technological innovations in regenerative medicine. Here we provide an overview of the progress in the field over the past decade, as well as our perspective on future directions and clinical implications of iPSC technology.
Increased callose deposition in plants lacking DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 2B is dependent upon POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT 4

Callose deposition within the cell wall is a well-documented plant immune response to pathogenic organisms as well as to pathogen-/microbe- associated molecular patterns (P/MAMPs). However, the molecular mechanisms that modulate pathogen-induced callose deposition are less understood. We reported previously that Arabidopsis plants lacking the vesicle trafficking component DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 2B (DRP2B) display increased callose deposition in response to the PAMP flg22. Here, we show that increased number of flg22-induced callose deposits in drp2b leaves is fully dependent on the callose synthase POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT 4 (PMR4). We propose that in addition to functioning in flg22-induced endocytosis of the plant receptor, FLAGELLIN SENSING 2, DRP2B may regulate the trafficking of proteins involved in callose synthesis, such as PMR4, and/or callose degradation.
Centralized database for interconnection system design

A database application called DFACS (database, forms and applications for cabling and systems) is described. The objective of DFACS is to improve the speed and accuracy of interconnection system information flow during the design and fabrication stages of a project, while simultaneously supporting both the horizontal (end-to-end wiring) and the vertical (wiring by connector) design stratagems used by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) project engineering community. The DFACS architecture is centered around a centralized database and program methodology which emulates the manual design process hitherto used at JPL. DFACS has been tested and successfully applied to existing JPL hardware tasks with a resulting reduction in schedule time and costs. >
Guided Training Relative to Direct Skill Training for Individuals With Cognitive Impairments After Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Trial

Abstract Objective To examine the effects of direct skill training and guided training for promoting independence after stroke. Design Single-blind randomized pilot study. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation facility. Participants Participants in inpatient rehabilitation with acute stroke and cognitive impairments (N=43). Interventions Participants were randomized to receive direct skill training (n=22, 10 sessions as adjunct to usual inpatient rehabilitation) or guided training (n=21, same dose). Main Outcome Measure The FIM assessed independence at baseline, rehabilitation discharge, and months 3, 6, and 12. Results Linear mixed models (random intercept, other effects fixed) revealed a significant intervention by time interaction (F 4,150 =5.11, P 4,150 =49.25, P 1,150 =34.46, P 1,150 =.07, P =.79). Change in FIM scores was greater for the direct group at rehabilitation discharge (effect size of between-group differences, d =.28) and greater for the guide group at months 3 ( d =.16), 6 ( d =.39), and 12 ( d =.53). The difference between groups in mean 12-month change scores was 10.57 points. Conclusions Guided training, provided in addition to usual care, offered a small advantage in the recovery of independence, relative to direct skill training. Future studies examining guided training in combination with other potentially potent intervention elements may further advise best practices in rehabilitation for individuals with cognitive impairments after acute stroke.
Culture in Preferences for Income Equality and Safety Nets

ABSTRACTEconomic and social policies vary across countries, reflecting their cultures and shaping them. People in some countries are more loss averse than in others. People in some countries express stronger preferences for income equality than do people in others, and some countries offer stronger safety nets than others do. The cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance expresses the degree to which people in a country feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and the way a country deals with the fact that the future can never be known. The author finds that uncertainty avoidance is associated with loss aversion. People are more loss averse in the domains of both portfolios and jobs in countries where uncertainty avoidance is high. Moreover, people in countries where uncertainty avoidance is high express stronger preferences for income equality, and social spending in such countries is high. The cultural dimension of power distance expresses the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept a...
Scrapie in Swine: a Diagnostic Challenge

A naturally occurring prion disease has not been recognized in swine, but the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy does transmit to swine by experimental routes. Swine are thought to have a robust species barrier when exposed to the naturally occurring prion diseases of other species, but the susceptibility of swine to the agent of sheep scrapie has not been thoroughly tested. We conducted this experiment to test the susceptibility of swine to U.S. scrapie isolates by intracranial and oral inoculation. Scrapie inoculum was a pooled 10% (w/v) homogenate derived from the brains of clinically ill sheep from the 4th passage of a serial passage study of the U.S scrapie agent (No. 13-7) through susceptible sheep (homozygous ARQ at prion protein residues 136, 154, and 171, respectively). Pigs were inoculated intracranially (n=19) with a single 0.75 mL dose or orally (n=24) with 15 mL repeated on 4 consecutive days. Necropsies were done on a subset of animals at approximately six months post inoculation (PI): the time the pigs were expected to reach market weight. Remaining pigs were maintained and monitored for clinical signs of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) until study termination at 80 months PI or when removed due to intercurrent disease (primarily lameness). Brain samples were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and for a subset of pigs in each inoculation group, bioassay in mice expressing porcine prion protein. At six-months PI, no evidence of scrapie infection was noted by any diagnostic method. However, at 51 months of incubation or greater, 5 animals were positive by one or more methods: IHC (n=4), WB (n=3), or EIA (n=4). Furthermore, positive bioassay results were obtained from all inoculated groups (oral and intracranial; market weight and end of study) suggesting that swine are potential hosts for the agent of scrapie.
Sex differences in the acute locomotor response to methamphetamine in BALB/c mice

Women use methamphetamine more frequently than men and are more vulnerable to its negative psychological effects. Rodent models have been an essential tool for evaluating the sex-dependent effects of psychostimulants; however, evidence of sex differences in the behavioral responses to methamphetamine in mice is lacking. In the present study, we investigated acute methamphetamine-induced (1mg/kg and 4mg/kg) locomotor activation in female and male BALB/c mice. We also evaluated whether basal locomotor activity was associated with the methamphetamine-induced locomotor response. The results indicated that female BALB/c mice displayed enhanced methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity compared to males, while basal locomotor activity was positively correlated with methamphetamine-induced activity in males, but not females. This study is the first to show sex-dependent locomotor effects of methamphetamine in BALB/c mice. Our observations emphasize the importance of considering sex when assessing behavioral responses to methamphetamine.
Effects of gas–wall partitioning in Teflon tubing and instrumentation on time-resolved measurements of gas-phase organic compounds

Recent studies have demonstrated that organic compounds can partition from the gas phase to the walls in Teflon environmental chambers, and that the process can be modeled as absorptive partitioning. Here these studies were extended to investigate gas-wall partitioning of organic compounds in Teflon tubing and inside a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) used to monitor compound concentrations. Rapid partitioning of C 8 –C 14 2-ketones and C 11 –C 16 1-alkenes was observed for compounds with saturation concentrations ( c *) in the range of 3 × 10 4 to 1 × 10 7 μg m −3 , causing delays in instrument response to step-function changes in the concentration of compounds being measured. These delays vary proportionally with tubing length and diameter and inversely with flow rate and c *. The gas-wall partitioning process that occurs in tubing is similar to what occurs in a gas chromatography column, and the measured delay times (analogous to retention times) were accurately described using a linear chromatography model where the walls were treated as an equivalent absorbing mass that is consistent with values determined for Teflon environmental chambers. The effect of PTR-MS surfaces on delay times was also quantified and incorporated into the model. The model predicts delays of an hour or more for semivolatile compounds measured under commonly employed conditions. These results and the model can enable better quantitative design of sampling systems, in particular when fast response is needed, such as for rapid transients, aircraft, or eddy covariance measurements. They may also allow estimation of c * values for unidentified organic compounds detected by mass spectrometry, and could be employed to introduce differences in time series of compounds for use with factor analysis methods. Best practices are suggested for sampling organic compounds through Teflon tubing.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Recent Advances in Geophysical Sensing of the Ocean: Remote and in Situ Methods

This guest editorial introduces the JARS Special Section on Recent Advances in Geophysical Sensing of the Ocean: Remote and In Situ Methods.
Surgical Interns: Preparedness for Opioid Prescribing Before and After a Training Intervention

Abstract Introduction Exposure to pain management curriculum in medical school is currently variable. This paper reports on formal prescribing education, self-perceived prescribing readiness, and prescribing practices among incoming surgical residents before and after a pain management training session. Methods Pre-residency survey of thirty surgical interns at a single urban medical center, followed by a repeat survey after an educational session on prescription writing and opioid abuse. Results Thirty-three percent of respondents had formal education on prescription writing in medical school. Median subjective preparedness to write an opioid prescription was 1.5 (range 1–10) on a 1–10 Likert scale. Ranges of morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed varied from 420-2700 MME for 8 mock surgical scenarios. Post-training, median subjective preparedness increased to 3.5 (range 1–6) and prescription accuracy (the inclusion of a medication, dose, frequency, and duration) improved from 75% to 97% (p Conclusion Most surgical interns were not trained in prescribing narcotics in medical school. Improved pain management curriculum is necessary to assure safe and consistent opioid prescriptions.
Quality of life for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: parental and youth perspectives.

Purpose This descriptive correlational study explored quality of life for adolescents with type 1 diabetes versus healthy adolescents, and possible influences of age, gender, race, and metabolic control on quality of life and health perception of the adolescents with diabetes. Sample Sixty-nine adolescents with type 1 diabetes treated at a pediatric diabetes center of a children's medical center in the Mid-South versus 75 healthy adolescents and their respective parents. Methods Data were collected using the Diabetes Quality of Life Instrument for Youth, the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, the Children's Behavior Checklist (Competence Scales), and the Functional Status II. Chart data included the duration of diabetes, insulin dosage, most recent hemoglobin A1c, and average hemoglobin A1c over the past year. Results Teens with diabetes expressed lower life satisfaction and health perception than controls; females with diabetes had lower life satisfaction than their male counterparts.
Unpacking the Term "Self-Management": Understanding Intervention Applications within the School-Based Literature.

Although extensive research has supported the effectiveness of self-management interventions to improve student behavior, variability in the specific components used in self-management interventions remains. The purpose of the current paper was to analyze the extant literature in order to (a) define the various ways in which self-management interventions have been developed and evaluated, and (b) understand the effectiveness of specific, commonly utilized intervention approaches. In order to achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic review of the single-case literature on the use of self-management interventions to support student behavior. Within the 56 studies reviewed, eight primary approaches to self-management were utilized across more than one study. Prompted self-monitoring was the most frequently used configuration (N = 23); however, the use of self-monitoring plus reinforcement based on both accuracy and performance (N = 6) and prompted self-monitoring plus graphing (N = 5) were also common. Although strong mean effect sizes were identified across intervention configurations, there was also often a substantial degree of effect size heterogeneity. This heterogeneity may be explained by differences in characteristics such as who the intervention was carried out with (e.g., grade level, disability status) or in what setting (e.g., general versus special education). Implications for selecting self-management configurations, as well as conducting future research, are discussed.
Psychological Factors Affecting Pulmonary and Rheumatologic Diseases: A Review

This review examines some of the questions and current literature regarding psychological factors as they affect pulmonary and rheumatologic diseases. Recommendations are made concerning directions for future research in these areas.
Chandeliers at the 2017 Grammy Awards

This chapter explores the 2017 Grammy Awards use of chandeliers and suggests they were meant to be signifiers of status and of the “high class” nature of the show. Chandeliers are traditionally seen as symbols of status and wealth. Grammy Awards, like all award shows, want to suggest their high status and use elaborate sets, and in this case chandeliers, to affirm their status. The awards given at the 2017 Grammy Awards were very controversial, but that is often the case in award shows.
Trabecular microstructure is influenced by race and sex in Black and White young adults

Lower fracture rates in Black men and women compared to their White counterparts are incompletely understood. High-resolution imaging specific to trabecular bone may provide insight. Black participants have enhanced trabecular morphology. These differences may contribute to the lower fracture risk in Black versus White individuals. Lower fracture rates in Black men and women compared to their White counterparts may be explained by favorable bone microstructure in Black individuals. Individual trabecular segmentation (ITS) analysis, which characterizes the alignment and plate- and rod-like nature of trabecular bone using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), may provide insight into trabecular differences by race/ethnic origin. We determined differences in trabecular bone microarchitecture, connectivity, and alignment according to race/ethnic origin and sex in young adults. We analyzed HR-pQCT scans of 184 adult (24.2 ± 3.4 years) women (n = 51 Black, n = 50 White) and men (n = 34 Black, n = 49 White). We used ANCOVA to compare bone outcomes, and adjusted for age, height, and weight. Overall, the effect of race on bone outcomes did not differ by sex, and the effect of sex on bone outcomes did not differ by race. After adjusting for covariates, Black participants and men of both races had greater trabecular plate volume fraction, plate thickness, plate number density, plate surface area, and greater axial alignment of trabeculae, leading to higher trabecular bone stiffness compared to White participants and women, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). These findings demonstrate that more favorable bone microarchitecture in Black individuals compared to White individuals and in men compared to women is not unique to the cortical bone compartment. Enhanced plate-like morphology and greater trabecular axial alignment, established in young adulthood, may contribute to the improved bone strength and lower fracture risk in Black versus White individuals and in men compared to women.
Hardware Assisted Security Architecture for Smart Grid

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are the backbone structures that monitor and actuate large-scale systems in infrastructures like power grids and remote industrial automation. The power distribution network integrates smart grids which actively interact with consumer devices and back end SCADA systems. The communication over the grid is insecure and is susceptible to data compromise, network level and physical device level attacks. The recent exploitations of the connected electronic devices' vulnerabilities in the power domain reinforce the importance of security implementation and integration at the system level and at all levels of integration. This paper proposes a hardware-assisted framework for secure intra smart grid communication. The framework protects the confidentiality and integrity of data between each node and additionally provides authentication for the communicating parties. Furthermore, the presented framework is resistant to software-based remote hijacking as well as secret key extraction.
Abstract 179: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy among Cancer Patients in the United States: Results from National Inpatient Sample

Background: Studies have shown that implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices could reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients. Aims of this study are to examine...
Interactive Computer Simulation for Adolescent Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for Substance Use in an Undergraduate Nursing Program.

Abstract Purpose Adolescent substance use has been identified as our nation's number one public health problem. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based approach to identify and address adolescent substance use. Despite recommendations for universal implementation, adolescent SBIRT training has been notably absent from undergraduate nursing curricula. This project describes and evaluates the effectiveness of using an interactive computer simulation for adolescent SBIRT in an undergraduate nursing program. Design and method Undergraduate nursing students (n = 144) completed an adolescent SBIRT interactive computer simulation (SBI with Adolescents, Kognito). Self-perceived competence, confidence, and readiness to deliver adolescent SBIRT were measured via pre- and post-survey items. Student attitudes toward substance use and simulation-based learning were also studied. At the end of the simulation, students received an automatic assessment challenge score based on performance. We compared the pre- and post-SBIRT scores using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the sign test for repeated measures using 2-tailed α = 0.05. Results We saw significant (p Conclusions Adolescent SBIRT training was successfully integrated into an undergraduate nursing curriculum. There were significant improvements in self-reported competence, confidence, and readiness to deliver adolescent SBIRT. Practical implication This project provided further support for the potential benefits of an interactive computer-based simulation in an undergraduate nursing curriculum.
The incommensurately modulated structures of low-temperature labradorite feldspars: a single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction study.

Labradorite feldspars of the plagioclase solid solution series have been known for their complicated subsolidus phase relations and enigmatic incommensurately modulated structures. Characterized by the irrationally indexed e-reflections in the diffraction pattern, e-labradorite shows the largest variation in the incommensurate ordering states among the e-plagioclase structures. The strongly ordered low-temperature e-labradorite is one of the last missing pieces of the e-plagioclase puzzle. Nine plutonic and metamorphic labradorite feldspar samples from Canada, Ukraine, Minnesota (USA), Tanzania and Greenland with compositions ranging from An52.5 to An68 were studied with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Two crystals from Labrador, Canada, and Duluth, MN, USA, with wide enough twin lamellae were analyzed with single-crystal neutron diffraction. The incommensurately modulated structures of e-plagioclase are refined for the first time with neutron diffraction data, which confirmed that the T—O distance modulation in the low-temperature e-plagioclase results from the Al–Si ordering in the framework. Detailed configurations of the M site are also observed in the structures refined from neutron diffraction data, which were not possible to see with X-ray diffraction data. The relation between the q-vectors and the mole% An composition is revealed for the entire compositional range of e-plagioclase, from An25 to An75. The previously proposed two-trend relation depending on the cooling rate and phase transition path is confirmed. A new classification of e-plagioclase (eα, eβ and eγ) is proposed based on the q-vector of the structure, which makes it an independent character from the presence/absence of density modulation. New parameters are proposed to quantify the ordering states of these complicated aperiodic structures of e-plagioclases, such as the difference between 〈T1o—O〉 and 〈T1m—O〉 at phase t = 0.2 or the normalized intensity of the (071\bar 1) reflection.
Potential for neutron and proton transmutation doping of GaN and Ga2O3

As the potential applications of GaN and Ga2O3 are limited by the inadequacy of conventional doping techniques, specifically when uniform selective area p-type doping is required, the potential for transmutation doping of these materials is analyzed. All transmuted element concentrations are reported as a function of time for several common proton and neutron radiation sources, showing that previously published results considered a small subset of the dopants produced. A 40 MeV proton accelerator is identified as the most effective transmutation doping source considered, with a 2.25 × 1017 protons per cm2 fluence yielding net concentrations of uncompensated p-type dopants of 7.7 × 1015 and 8.1 × 1015 cm−3 for GaN and Ga2O3, respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that high energy proton accelerator spectra are capable of producing dopants required for magnetic and neutron detection applications, although not of the concentrations required for current applications using available irradiation methods.
The Johnny Otis Show, 1948–1962

Was it Sun Records impresario Sam Phillips or the Memphis cat Elvis Presley who transformed R&B music into rock and roll during the 1950s? Or was it the perceptive songwriting team of Jerry Leiber ...