cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MKK4 Status Predicts Survival After Resection of Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Hypothesis Lack of expression of the tumor-suppressor gene MKK4 is significantly correlated with poor survival after resection of gastric adenocarcinoma. Design Retrospective review of medical records after construction and immunolabeling of tissue microarrays for clinical correlation. Setting The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Patients Patients operated on because of gastric adenocarcinoma between 1983 and 1995. Main Outcome Measure Long-term survival and MKK4 status. Results Primary tumors (N = 124) were scored as 0 (no labeling), 1+ (weak labeling), or 2+ (strong labeling) in 9 (7%), 80 (65%), and 35 (28%) patients, and 5-year survival in these patients was 0%, 21%, and 28%, respectively. Given the small size (7%) of the MKK4 -negative group (as expected, given the 5%-10% incidence of genetic loss in carcinomas), a Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed, adjusting for age, sex, and tumor stage. This multivariate analysis revealed a 5-fold increased risk of death ( P MKK4 -negative. Furthermore, the addition of MKK4 status significantly improved the Cox model, changing log likelihood from −1410 to −369, confirming that MKK4 status was truly the effector of the survival difference and not a bystander. Conclusions The lack of expression of the tumor-suppressor gene MKK4 in resected gastric adenocarcinoma is robustly associated with poor survival. This finding may provide a useful prognostic tool in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
A novel interface for power-hardware-in-the-loop simulation

Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation is a scenario where a simulation environment virtually exchanges power with real hardware, in contrast to the usual case in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, which involves only signal exchange. In this paper, a novel interface for PHIL simulation is proposed and implemented. This new interface addresses some of the stability issues typically present in this kind of application. A complete PHIL experiment is then performed with the new interface, and the experimental results are presented.
The elastic constants of cadmium sulfide between 4.2–300°K

Abstract The five independent elastic constants of single crystal CdS have been determined over the temperature range 4.2–300°K. They were calculated from measurements of the sound velocity in different crystalline directions by the pulse superposition method. All elastic constants increase with decreasing temperature, the variation being somewhat larger for the cross coupling constants than for the diagonal ones. From the low temperature values of the elastic constant, the Debye temperature at 0°K for CdS is determined as 219.3°K.
What do Our Faculty Use? An Interdisciplinary Citation Analysis Study

Abstract During the fall of 2012 and spring of 2013, two librarians from the University of Kansas Libraries conducted a citation analysis of faculty publications in three broad disciplinary areas: humanities, social sciences, and science. The main purpose of research was to find out if the library provides adequate support to faculty researchers. The authors confirmed that KU Libraries provide access to the majority of items used by campus researchers. In addition, the findings will be used in collection management decisions, such as demand driven acquisition. Finally, the authors analyzed additional citation analysis studies in order to establish external benchmarks for their results.
Slow plastic strain rate compressive flow in binary CoAl intermetallics

Constant-velocity elevated temperature compression tests have been conducted on a series of binary CoAl intermetallics produced by hot extrusion of blended prealloyed powders. The as-extruded materials were polycrystalline, and they retained their nominal 10-micron grain size after being tested between 1100 and 1400 K at strain rates ranging from 2 x 10 to the -4th to 2 x 10 to the -7th per sec. Significant plastic flow was obtained in all cases; while cracking was observed, much of this could be due to failure at matrix-oxide interfaces along extrusion stringers rather than to solely intergranular fracture. A maximum in flow strength occurs at an aluminum-to-cobalt ratio of 0.975, and the stress exponent appears to be constant for aluminum-to-cobalt ratios of 0.85 or more. It is likely that very aluminum-deficient materials deform by a different mechanism than do other compositions.
Volcanic gases, black smokers, and the great oxidation event

This paper proposes that gradual changes in the composition of volatiles that have been added to the atmosphere-ocean system are responsible for the Great Oxidation Event (G.O.E.) ca. 2.3 Ga. Before ca. 2.3 Ga, the composition of these volatiles was probably such that 20% of the carbon gases could be reduced to organic matter and all of the sulfur gases could be reduced to pyrite. Since 2.3 Ga, the composition of these volatiles has been such that 20% of the carbon gases could be reduced to organic matter, but only a fraction of the sulfur gases could be reduced to pyrite. This change led to the oxygenation of the atmosphere and to a large increase in the SO4−2 concentration of seawater. A considerable body of observational data supports these proposals.
Corporate Culture, Organizational Dynamics, and Implementation of Innovations: A Conceptual Framework

When a new idea is developed as a result of discovery or invention, it may be discarded or implemented. The process of implementing an innovation normally involves effort at education and persuasion and to be able to elicit actions calculated ti implement the new idea. There is also a need to establish relevance of the innovation to the goals of the organization, which encourages us to look at the subject with direct reference to the organizational factors. The purpose of this research is twofold: one to investigate select organizational variables which could promote or hinder the implementation process in an organizational setting; second, to stimulate research on the subject by providing a conceptual framework, which is the base for any empirical analysis.
Changes in chromatin template activity and their relationship to DNA synthesis in mouse parotid glands stimulated by isoproterenol.

Chromatin template activity of mouse parotid glands increases after a single injection of isoproterenol (IPR), a procedure that causes, after a lag period of 20 hr, a marked stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell division in salivary glands of rodents. The increase in chromatin template activity occurs as early as 1 hr and peaks between 6 and 10 hr after IPR, paralleling previously reported changes in the incorporation of uridine-3H into total cellular RNA of mouse parotids. Template activity was measured in vitro in a system in which parotid gland chromatin was incubated with an exogenous RNA polymerase isolated from Escherichia coli. Similar results were obtained when template activity of parotid gland chromatin was assayed using an homologous RNA polymerase from mouse liver. Chromatin template activity in mouse parotids was also studied after the administration of drugs capable of inducing in salivary glands both DNA synthesis and secretion or secretion alone. The results indicate that the increased chromatin template activity occurring 6 hr after IPR is related to the subsequent onset of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, the increased chromatin template activity caused by IPR is inhibited by the previous administration of puromycin, an inhibitor of IPR-stimulated DNA synthesis.
On Passing Through 80

The focus of this passage through age is on the sources of fun in the professional life of the author. Cited are (1) denying the obvious, (2) revealing that most social systems do not pursue the objectives they proclaim, (3) replacing conceptual confusion with order, (4) exposing intellectual con men, and (5) designing organizations that can avoid the ubiquitous traps that immobilize them.
Food Fights - Southern California Style

Childhood and adult obesity have become national concerns with roughly one in five children overweight. The primary causes of weight gain are genetic, dietary, and exercise, or the lack thereof.Exercise was emphasized beginning in the 1950's with President Eisenhower creating the President's Council on Youth Fitness on July 16, 1956 to encourage physical fitness in our youth. President Kennedy changed it to the President's Council on Physical Fitness in 1963. Physical fitness, "PE," was required in our schools from K-12.The push for physical exercise has been deemphasized in recent years as our life styles have changed. The government is now emphasizing dietary restrictions as the means to reduce childhood obesity. The restrictions are being led by leaders in New York City and Los Angeles. Thus, sugared sodas and junk foods have been banned in schools and Los Angeles Unified has banned flavored milks. LA is restricting the opening of new fast food restaurants. Other communities have banned Happy Meals. Mayor Bloomberg of New York City proposed a ban on sugared drinks of 20oz or more. Taxes are proposed on sodas to reduce their sales.Changes to school menus often meet with consumer resistance as with Los Angeles’ revolutionary change in the school lunch menu.The purpose of this paper is to show that many of the proposals are ill-advised, often ineffective, and sometimes counter-productive.
Relationships Between Bilayer Lipid, Motional Freedom of Oxidoreductase Components, and Electron Transfer in the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

The relationships between bilayer lipid, diffusional and conformational activities of oxidoreduction components, and electron transfer activity in the mitochondrial inner membrane are considered. Using a new, low pH method to fuse liposome phospholipid (asolectin) with the isolated mitochondrial inner membrane, the membrane bilayer is enriched up to 700% with exogenous phospholipid. During such enrichment, ultrastructural analysis reveals that integral proteins diffuse freely and randomly into the expanding bilayer. Kinetic analysis reveals that a diffusion limited step occurs between succinate- and NADH dehydrogenase and cytochromes bc l, and that the dehydrogenases, ubiquinone, and cytochromes bc l are free to diffuse independently of one another in the membrane plane. Whether cytochromes bc l and cytochrome c oxidase codiffuse in the membrane plane, or diffuse independently of one another remains unclear. The specific activities of succinate- and NADH-dehydrogenase as well as cytochrome c oxidase are affected by bilayer enrichment. This most likely occurs through the direct modulation by the newly incorporated phospholipid on conformational activity required in the oxidoreductases for electron transfer.
Partners in Care: Design Considerations for Caregivers and Patients During a Hospital Stay

Informal caregivers, such as close friends and family, play an important role in a hospital patient's care. Although CSCW researchers have shown the potential for social computing technologies to help patients and their caregivers manage chronic conditions and support health behavior change, few studies focus on caregivers' role during a multi-day hospital stay. To explore this space, we conducted an interview and observation study of patients and caregivers in the inpatient setting. In this paper, we describe how caregivers and patients coordinate and collaborate to manage patients' care and wellbeing during a hospital stay. We define and describe five roles caregivers adopt: companion, assistant, representative, navigator, and planner, and show how patients and caregivers negotiate these roles and responsibilities throughout a hospital stay. Finally, we identify key design considerations for technology to support patients and caregivers during a hospital stay.
Undergraduate Mathematics for the Life Sciences: Mathematical Biology and Computational Algebra at the Sophomore Level

Name of the Institution: Chicago State University Size about 7500 students. Institution Type Chicago State University is a public, comprehensive university that provides access to higher education for students of diverse backgrounds and educational needs. Student Demographic Mathematics majors with prerequisites of linear algebra, probability and statistics course, and two specific freshman biology courses. Biology majors with prerequisites of a sophomore botany course and a sophomore zoology course. Department Structure Mathematics and Biology are two MS degree granting departments in the College of Arts and Sciences.
Indoor Ultrafine Particles of Outdoor Origin: Importance of Window Opening Area and Fan Operation Condition

Inhalation exposure to ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) has been shown to induce adverse health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Human exposure to particles of outdoor origin often occurs indoors due to entry of UFP into buildings. The objective of the present study is to investigate entry of UFP into a building considering building operational characteristics and their size-dependent effects on UFP concentrations. Indoor and outdoor UFP concentrations along with air change rates were continuously measured in a full-scale test building. Estimates of infiltration factor, penetration coefficient, and deposition rate have been made for a range of particle sizes from 4 to 100 nm. The results show that UFP infiltration factor varies with particle diameter, window position, air change rate, and central fan operation. When the central fan was on continuously, the average infiltration factor ranged from 0.26 (particles 90 nm) for two large window openings, and...
MAA 100th Anniversary CMJ Puzzle C

(2015). MAA 100th Anniversary CMJ Puzzle C. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 263-263.
Abstract 3652: Identification of cancer-specific signaling networks: what is “normal” control

Success of precision medicine depends on definitive identification of cancer-specific alterations in signaling pathways. However, identifying cancer-specific signaling networks is challenging because of lack of proper control tissue for differential gene expression analyses. Most studies in breast cancer utilize tumor-adjacent normal tissue or reduction mammoplasty samples as “normal” controls. We recently reported that breast epithelial cells from healthy donors as well as tumor-adjacent normal are in different differentiation states compared with tumor cells and the differences in differentiation status alone could account for major transcriptome variations between normal and tumor. To overcome these limitations, we propagated breast epithelial cells from three healthy donors (healthy-normal), two high-risk patients, two tumor-adjacent normal (HR/AD-normal) and five tumor samples of different molecular subtypes. Phenotypically defined (CD49f+/EpCAM+) luminal progenitor cells were sorted from these cultures and subjected to RNA-seq analyses. Pathway analysis revealed activation of cell-intrinsic pro-inflammatory signaling in HR/AD-normal cells compared with healthy-normal cells. This signaling network was further amplified in tumor cells. The pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL2, which is overexpressed in highly aggressive breast cancer, and the cytokine TNFRSF11B were elevated in HR/AD-normal luminal progenitor cells. Despite using phenotypically defined cells in the transcriptome analyses, cancer-specific signaling network identification was directly influenced by the type of controls used; healthy-normal or HR/AD-normal. While cancer-enriched PI3K and NF-κB activation was observed when compared to any kind of control, SRC kinase activation was noted only when cells from healthy-normal were used as a control. In general, the number of tumor signaling networks identified using healthy-normal as a control was higher than when compared with HR/AD-normal as a control. These results suggest that considerable attention should be placed on the type of tissues used as control for definitive identification of cancer-specific signaling networks and therapies to target such pathways. Additionally, these data show that non-cancer tissues of breast cancer patients acquire a cell intrinsic pro-inflammatory phenotype, which may be prerequisite for cancer development and potentially an early-detection tool. Citation Format: Manjushree Anjanappa, Yangyang Hao, Howard J. Edenberg, Yunlong Liu, Harikrishna Nakshatri. Identification of cancer-specific signaling networks: what is “normal” control. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3652.
Responses to Interpersonal Stress: Normative Changes Across Childhood and the Impact of Peer Victimization

This research examined the development of stress responses across second to sixth grades and whether exposure to peer victimization alters stress response trajectories. Youth (338 girls; 298 boys; Mage = 7.97 years, SD = .37) reported on stress responses; teachers and youth reported on peer victimization. Latent growth curve modeling revealed an increase in effortful engagement responses and a decrease in disengagement and involuntary engagement responses during this period. Peer victimization disrupted these normative trajectories, resulting in less effortful engagement and more effortful disengagement and involuntary stress responses in early adolescence. These findings suggest that early peer victimization sensitizes youth to stress by interfering with the development of effective coping and fostering maladaptive stress responses.
Impaired calcium signaling in muscle fibers from intercostal and foot skeletal muscle in a cigarette smoke-induced mouse model of COPD

Introduction Respiratory and locomotor skeletal muscle dysfunction are common findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the mechanisms that cause muscle impairment in COPD are unclear. Because Ca2+ signaling in excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling is important for muscle activity, we hypothesized that Ca2+ dysregulation could contribute to muscle dysfunction in COPD. Methods Intercostal and flexor digitorum brevis muscles from control and cigarette smoke-exposed mice were investigated. We used single cell Ca2+ imaging and Western blot assays to assess Ca2+ signals and E-C coupling proteins. Results We found impaired Ca2+ signals in muscle fibers from both muscle types, without significant changes in releasable Ca2+ or in the expression levels of E-C coupling proteins. Conclusions Ca2+ dysregulation may contribute or accompany respiratory and locomotor muscle dysfunction in COPD. These findings are of significance to the understanding of the pathophysiological course of COPD in respiratory and locomotor muscles. Muscle Nerve 56: 282–291, 2017
False Pleasures and Plato's Philebus

In the Republic and the Philebus, Plato allows that some pleasures have a place in a good life, at least for people, if not for gods. He maintains, however, that some pleasures have no place in a good human life. They have neither intrinsic nor instrumental value. This means that the value or goodness of the pleasures which do have a place in a good life must consist of something more, or other than, their pleasantness, for the pleasures which have no place in a good human life share the property of pleasantness. In Book IX of the Republic, Plato attempts to distinguish good pleasures from bad. Apparently dissatisfied with this effort, Plato undertakes in the Philebus to restate his overall moral theory and its distinction between good and bad pleasures. In the Philebus, Plato argues that some pleasures are false, and that false pleasures have no place in a good life. Notwithstanding significant scholarly attention, Plato’s Philebus continues to generate significant interpretive and analytic dissensus at three levels. The first concerns the extent to which it provides a coherent and unified general account of pleasure. 1 The second concerns the extent to which it provides a coherent, unified, and normatively significant account of false pleasures. 2 The third concerns the extent to which its account of false pleasures coheres with its general account of pleasure, and with the account of true pleasures given in Book IX of the Republic. I will make an initial case for the coherence, unity, and normative significance of the account of false pleasures given in the Philebus. I will also suggest a reading of the Philebus which minimizes conflict between its general account of pleasure and its more specific account of false pleasures, while preserving a high degree of continuity between the Philebus and the Republic, especially Book IX.
THE WACO MAMMOTH NATIONAL MONUMENT MAY REPRESENT A DIMINISHED WATERING-HOLE SCENARIO BASED ON PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF POST-MORTEM SCAVENGING

Abstract: The Waco Mammoth National Monument (WMNM) potentially represents the only recovered Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) herd to date, but the “herd” interpretation is dependent on the demographics of the accumulation as well as a catastrophic kill mechanism. The demographics are consistent with an extant elephant herd that is lacking only infants, and the generally accepted cause of death is a catastrophic flood and rapid burial based primarily on fossil articulation and associations with an ancient river channel and aquatic fauna. Herein we present new ichnological evidence of post-mortem biogenic bone modification contrary to a flood scenario with rapid burial. Traces on bone include branching furrows (Corrosichnia type), paired grooves (Machichnus regularis and M. bohemicus), arcuate grooves that penetrate the cortical material (Brutalichnus brutalis), roughly triangular punctures with jagged margins (Nihilichnus nihilicus), and hemispherical borings (Cubiculum isp.). The branching furrows ...
Direct Characterization of a Reactive Lattice-Confined Ru2 Nitride by Photocrystallography.

Reactive metal–ligand (M–L) multiply bonded complexes are ubiquitous intermediates in redox catalysis and have thus been long-standing targets of synthetic chemistry. The intrinsic reactivity of mid-to-late M–L multiply bonded complexes renders these structures challenging to isolate and structurally characterize. Although synthetic tuning of the ancillary ligand field can stabilize M–L multiply bonded complexes and result in isolable complexes, these efforts inevitably attenuate the reactivity of the M–L multiple bond. Here, we report the first direct characterization of a reactive Ru2 nitride intermediate by photocrystallography. Photogeneration of reactive M–L multiple bonds within crystalline matrices supports direct characterization of these critical intermediates without synthetic derivatization.
America's railroad depreciation debate, 1907 to 1913: A study of divergence in early 20th century accounting standards

In June 1907, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) released new reporting rules that would require railroads to change from betterment to depreciation accounting for equipment. The new rules set off a firestorm of protest because the railroads felt they were already recognizing physical depreciation through the current system. The ICC, however, was looking at the concept of economic depreciation to match the cost of equipment with revenue over the life of the asset in much the same way that industry was beginning to account for its fixed assets. Such economic depreciation, it was felt, would give the rate-setting ICC more stable reported incomes to determine return on assets and the investing public a better feel for the results of railroad operations. The debate began in a cordial fashion but deteriorated into bitter name-calling, civil disobedience, and litigation that challenged both the accounting rules and the authority of the ICC to issue and require them. The ICC partially won the debate, yet r...
The Making of the Attorney General: John Mitchell and the Crimes of Watergate Reconsidered (Reviewing James Rosen, The Strong Man: John Mitchell and the Secrets of Watergate (2008))

Shortly after I resigned my position as General Counsel of the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police Department in 1971, I was startled to receive a two-page letter from Attorney General John Mitchell. I was not a Department of Justice employee, and Mitchell’s acquaintance with me was largely second-hand. The contents were surprising. Mitchell generously lauded my rather modest role “in developing an effective and professional law enforcement program for the District of Columbia.” Beyond this, he added, “Your thoughtful suggestions have been of considerable help to me and my colleagues at the Department of Justice.” The salutation was, “Dear Jerry,” and the signature, “John.” I was elated. I framed the letter and hung it in my office. There it remained for several years until, following Mitchell’s felony convictions, it engendered double-entendres and became the butt of humor.
Enriching Doctoral-Level Preparation Programs through a Nationwide Consortium Model: The National Leadership Consortium in Sensory Disabilities:

The National Leadership Consortium in Sensory Disabilities (NLCSD) trained doctoral scholars at universities across the United States to increase the number and quality of professionals specializing in educating children with sensory disabilities. NLCSD produced 40 new doctorates and created a community of learners comprised of scholars, faculty, and leaders in policy and advocacy.
[18F]FSPG-PET reveals increased cystine/glutamate antiporter (xc-) activity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

The cystine/glutamate antiporter (xc-) has been implicated in several neurological disorders and, specifically, in multiple sclerosis (MS) as a mediator of glutamate excitotoxicity and proinflammatory immune responses. We aimed to evaluate an xc-specific positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate ([18F]FSPG), for its ability to allow non-invasive monitoring of xc- activity in a mouse model of MS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55) peptide in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) followed by pertussis toxin. Control mice received CFA emulsion and pertussis toxin without MOG peptide, while a separate cohort of naive mice received no treatment. PET studies were performed to investigate the kinetics and distribution of [18F]FSPG in naive, control, pre-symptomatic, and symptomatic EAE mice, compared to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG). After final PET scans, each mouse was perfused and radioactivity in dissected tissues was measured using a gamma counter. Central nervous system (CNS) tissues were further analyzed using ex vivo autoradiography or western blot. [18F]FSPG uptake in human monocytes, and T cells pre- and post-activation was investigated in vitro. [18F]FSPG was found to be more sensitive than [18F]FDG at detecting pathological changes in the spinal cord and brain of EAE mice. Even before clinical signs of disease, a small but significant increase in [18F]FSPG signal was observed in the spinal cord of EAE mice compared to controls. This increase in PET signal became more pronounced in symptomatic EAE mice and was confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography. Likewise, in the brain of symptomatic EAE mice, [18F]FSPG uptake was significantly higher than controls, with the largest changes observed in the cerebellum. Western blot analyses of CNS tissues revealed a significant correlation between light chain of xc- (xCT) protein levels, the subunit of xc- credited with its transporter activity, and [18F]FSPG-PET signal. In vitro [18F]FSPG uptake studies suggest that both activated monocytes and T cells contribute to the observed in vivo PET signal. These data highlight the promise of [18F]FSPG-PET as a technique to provide insights into neuroimmune interactions in MS and the in vivo role of xc- in the development and progression of this disease, thus warranting further investigation.
Contextual Predictors of Vocational Hope in Ethnic Minority, Low-Income Youth:

The relationships between school belonging (SB), parental involvement (PI), and educational/vocational outcomes for adolescents are supported by previous research. Less is known about how these con...
A generalization of the Chung-Erdős inequality

We find upper and lower bounds for the probability of a union of events which generalize the well-known Chung-Erdős inequality. Moreover, we will show monotonicity of the bounds.
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Quality Attributes in Live Beef Animals Using Real-Time B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging

In the Unites States, beef carcasses are subjectively graded by certified inspectors from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The primary factors in determining beef quality grades are the amount and distribution (or marbling) of intramuscular fat. The intramuscular fat level is estimated by visual inspection of texture pattern in a cross-sectional area of the Longissimus dorsi (ribeye) muscle between 12th and 13th ribs. The four primary grades, from high to low marbling, are Prime, Choice, Select, and Standard. There is a growing demand in the meat industry for an objective system of evaluating the quality of beef carcasses as well as live animals. With some sort of instrument grading system, the beef industry could move towards a long desired goal of value-based marketing. Also, objectively and accurately evaluating beef quality attributes in live animals can be applied for sorting feedlot cattle and making genetic improvements in breeding stock. This could have a great impact on the future of the beef industry.
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Single-Dose Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Patellofemoral Chondromalacia.

Background:Patellofemoral pain is common in the young and active populations. Nonoperative management is limited and focuses on physical therapy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an injectable device that h...
Hematoma Expansion Differences in Lobar and Deep Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Hematoma expansion (HE) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with worse outcome. Lobar ICHs are known to have better outcomes compared to deep ICH; however, it is unclear whether there are HE differences between these locations. We sought to investigate the hypothesis that lobar ICH has less HE compared to deep ICH. Primary ICH patients admitted between 2009 and 2016 were included in a prospective single-center ICH cohort study. Patients with preceding anticoagulant use, coagulopathy on admission labs, or presenting after 24 h from symptom onset were excluded. Lobar and deep ICH patients with baseline and follow-up computed tomography (CT) (within 24 h of admission CT) were evaluated. HE was defined primarily as relative growth > 33% given expected baseline hematoma volume differences between locations. Other commonly utilized definitions of HE: > 6 mL, and > 33% or > 6 mL, were additionally assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of ICH location with HE while adjusting for previously identified covariates of HE. There were 59 lobar and 143 deep ICH patients analyzed. Lobar ICH patients had significantly larger baseline hematoma volumes, lower admission systolic blood pressure, and longer times to admission CT compared to deep ICH. Multivariable logistic regression revealed an association of lobar ICH with lower odds of HE (> 33%) [odds ratio (OR) 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.93; p = 0.04] compared to deep ICH after adjusting for baseline ICH volume, blood pressure, and time to CT. Secondary analysis did not identify an association of lobar ICH with HE defined as > 6 mL (adjusted OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.59–3.50; p = 0.41) or > 33% or > 6 mL (adjusted OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.29–1.70; p = 0.44). We identified less HE in lobar compared to deep ICH. The use of absolute growth thresholds in defining HE may be limited when assessing groups with largely different baseline hematoma sizes. Further study is required to replicate our findings and investigate mechanisms for HE differences between lobar and deep ICH locations.
Face and Ecological Validity in Simulations: Lessons from Search-and-Rescue HRI

In fields where in situ performance cannot be measured, ecological validity is difficult to estimate. Drawing on theory from social psychology and virtual reality, we argue that face validity can be a useful proxy for ecological validity. We provide illustrative examples of this relationship from work in search-and-rescue HRI, and conclude with some practical guidelines for the construction of immersive simulations in general.
Flexibility in Long-Term Relationships: An Experimental Study

Problem definition: We compare two types of contracts that can govern business partnerships: indefinitely binding agreements (IBAs), wherein partners are bound together in a relationship of indefin...
Efficient harvest of the occipital artery in the retrosigmoid approach: Technical note

The occipital artery (OA) can be used as a donor artery in many types of bypasses; however, harvesting this artery in the depths of its course is challenging. In order to safely harvest the OA, a large hockey-stick-shaped incision is often used, even when only a retrosigmoid approach is needed for the intracranial procedure. In this article, we describe a detailed technique whereby the OA is harvested via a suboccipital subperiosteal-transperiosteal dissection technique. In this technique, the occipital groove is identified via a small linear incision. With the technique described, the OA can be localized and harvested effectively for bypass in the subsequent retrosigmoid approach.
Perception Accuracy of Vibrotactile Feedback during Locomotion

The use of vibrotactile feedback as a tool in sports has not yet been well supported by scientific evidence. In the U.S. 40-50% of the population who run regularly is injured annually. Among those injuries, half occur at the knee joint. The use of vibrotactile feedback in several medical and non-medical areas has well been established. However, there lies a huge potential for sports science to study vibrotactile feedback mechanism as an intervention tool. We have developed a portable haptic system to investigate human’s accuracy of haptic perception during locomotion. The haptic system is lightweight and capable of efficiently delivering real-time vibrotactile sensation to multiple body parts. A preliminary study was performed using this system on twenty six subjects to assess perception accuracy. From the experiment, we have demonstrated that humans can successfully perceive multiple vibrotactile vibrations given in a staggered mode as compared to continuous mode during both walking and running.
Impact of Locational Factors on Business Ratings/Reviews: A Yelp and TripAdvisor Study

The proliferation and the success of crowdsourcing reviews of businesses became a major indicator of the success or failure of establishments. Particularly, Yelp, Trip Advisor, and Zomato are using a social media platform where users can share feedback, scores, photos, and make reservations. Business owners keep a close eye on these crowd-sourced indicators in order to maintain or improve their ratings. While improvements can be related to many factors such as services, food, cleanliness, etc., in this chapter, we focus on the impact of the location of the business on its success based on these crowdsourced ratings. We perform an empirical study to quantify the impact of location characteristic indicators (parameters), such as cost of living, housing affordability, or tourism, on the success of restaurants as a business example using two datasets: 2019 Yelp, and TripAdvisor. We first, performed a state wise preliminary experiments to verify the correlation between location parameters and business success. We have verified that some location parameters alone, such as education index, can determine the success of a business with a 0.72 correlation ratio. Next, we propose a clustering method that group similar zip code locations to better estimate the influence of the said location parameters on the success scores.
Music Video Gothic: Fragmentary Form at the Dawn of MTV

This article argues that the modern music video at the dawn of the MTV era embraces a logic of the Gothic fragment. Mobilizing an archive of gothic archetypes of haunting and monstrosity, the music...
Clinical epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in children and the status of infection in their close contacts

Objective: To investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristics of children with pertussis and the infection of their close contacts. Methods: The clinical data of children with pertussis and the etiological detection results of close contacts in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from 2015 to 2018 were collected and descriptive epidemiological analysis was carried out. Results: The cases of pertussis from 2015 to 2018 were reported as 504, 425, 796 and 991 respectively, with a total of 2 716 cases. The most cases was in May in 2015 (72 cases), in August in 2016 and 2018 (68 cases and 144 cases), and in July in 2017 (115 cases). A total of 1 517 male and 1 199 female children were reported from 2015 to 2018, the ratio of male-to-female was 1.3∶1. The proportion of children under 1 year old was 79.7% (2 165/2 716), of which 74.4% (1 610/2 165) was less than 6 months old. Among the reported cases, 1 605 (59.1%) were treated as outpatients, aged M(Q1,Q3) 5 (3, 11) months, and 1 111 (40.9%) were hospitalized, aged 4 (2, 7) months. There were 876 outpatients (54.4%) and 734 inpatients (45.6%) under 6 months of age, 575 outpatients (63.5%) and 331 inpatients (36.5%) between 6 months and 2 years of age, and 154 outpatients (77.0%) and 46 inpatients (23.0%) with above 2 years old, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the two treatment methods in different age groups (P<0.001). The average hospitalization time of inpatients under 6 months of age was (8.5±3.9) days, that of inpatients between 6 months and 2 years of age was (7.1±3.7) days, and that of inpatients above 2 years old was (6.8±3.3) days. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The etiological test results of pertussis were collected from 617 close contacts of 270 reported cases, the positive detection rate of mothers was the highest (34.9%). Conclusions: From 2015 to 2018, the number of reported cases of pertussis in our hospital fluctuated and increased year by year, with high incidence in summer, mainly in children under 1 year old, and more males than females. Outpatient treatment was more than inpatient treatment, its age was obviously older than the latter. The younger the children, the higher the proportion of hospitalization, and with the increase of the age, the hospitalization time was obviously shortened. Among the close family contacts, the mother might be the main source of pertussis infection in children.
Effect of ozone and ultraviolet light on Listeria monocytogenes populations in fresh and spent chill brines

Abstract The efficacy of ozone and ultraviolet light (UV) treatment as hurdles against Listeria monocytogenes suspended in fresh (9% NaCl, 91.86% transmittance) and spent brines (20.5% NaCl, 0.01% transmittance) was evaluated. Brines were inoculated with a cocktail of L. monocytogenes-strains N1-227, N3-031, and R2-499. Ozonation was performed by sparging gaseous ozone into brine. This was followed by UV irradiation (253.7 nm) of the brine in sterile quartz cuvettes. Enumeration was performed by spread plating on modified Oxford medium and Trypticase Soy agar supplemented with yeast extract. In fresh brines containing L. monocytogenes, 10 min of ozonation lead to a 7.44 ± 0.13 log CFU/ml mean reduction and 10 min of UV radiation caused a 1.95 ± 0.41 log CFU/ml mean reduction. Sequential exposure of 10 min of ozonation and UV resulted in >9 log CFU/ml reduction in L. monocytogenes populations in fresh brine. Sixty minutes of ozonation of spent brines resulted in a 4.85 ± 0.61 log CFU/ml mean reduction of L. monocytogenes populations. Ten minutes of UV exposure in spent brines resulted in 0.49 ± 0.14 log CFU/ml mean reduction in L. monocytogenes. A sequential treatment of 60 min ozonation and 10 min UV resulted in an excess of 5 log CFU/ml reduction in L. monocytogenes cells in spent brine. Ozonation did not cause a significant increase in the transmittance of the spent brine to aid UV penetration but resulted in color change. Sequential treatments of Ozonation and UV maybe effective in reducing L. monocytogenes in chill brines.
TiO2 Nanofibers Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are promising photovoltaic devices as they offer advantages such as low cost and easy for fabrication et al. The key part of the original DSSC is a sintered film of nanoparticles which has a large surface area for the absorption of dyes. It has been reported that boundaries of nanoparticles diminish the efficiency of charge transport in the nanoparticle network, and lead to charge–carrier recombination. The one dimensional morphology of the nanofiber is believed to improve electron transport efficiency without sacrificing the high specific surface area for the adsorption of dyes. In this paper, TiO2 nanofibers are used to replace TiO2 nanoparticles in the DSSC. The film of nanofibers was synthesized by electrospinning process and collected on the transparent conductive glass substrate. The precursor used for the electrospinning of the nanofiber consists of titanium (IV) isopropoxide, acetate acid, ethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP). After the electrospinning process, nanofibers were pretreated at 120°C for 2 hours and annealed at 500°C in atmosphere for another 2 hours. Then DSSC with the film of TiO2 nanofibers were assembled and characterized through electrical measurements. Open circuit voltage of 0.7V and short circuit current densities of 0.45mA/cm2 were achieved.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Benign Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety and effectiveness of robotic vs laparoscopic hysterectomy in women with benign uterine disease, as determined by randomized studies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Controlled-Trials.com from study inception to October 9, 2014, using the intersection of the themes "robotic" and "hysterectomy." We included only randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials of robotic vs laparoscopic hysterectomy in women for benign disease. Four trials met our inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses. We extracted data, and assessed the studies for methodological quality in duplicate. For meta-analysis, we used random effects to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean differences. For our primary outcome, we used a modified version of the Expanded Accordion Severity Grading System to classify perioperative complications. We identified 41 complications among 326 patients. Comparing robotic and laparoscopic hysterectomy, revealed no statistically significant differences in the rate of class 1 and 2 complications (RR, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-1.89) or in the rate of class 3 and 4 complications (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.22-4.40). Analyses of secondary outcomes were limited owing to heterogeneity, but showed no significant benefit of the robotic technique over the laparoscopic technique in terms of length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference, -0.39 day; 95% CI, -0.92 to 0.14 day), total operating time (weighted mean difference, 9.0 minutes; 95% CI, -31.27 to 47.26 minutes), conversions to laparotomy, or blood loss. Outcomes of cost, pain, and quality of life were reported inconsistently and were not amenable to pooling. Current evidence demonstrates neither statistically significant nor clinically meaningful differences in surgical outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease. The role of robotic surgery in benign gynecology remains unclear.
Simon Davies, Daniel Sanjiv Roberts and Gabriel Sánchez Espinosa, eds., India and Europe in the Global Eighteenth Century

Review by Olivera Jokic (John Jay College, City University of New York) of Simon Davies, Daniel Sanjiv Roberts and Gabriel Sanchez Espinosa, eds., India and Europe in the Global Eighteenth Century . Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2014. Pp. xii+341, 13 ills. £65 / €85 / $115 (pb). ISBN 9780729410809.
Copula Based Independent Component Analysis

We propose a parametric version of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) via Copulas families of multivariate distributions that join univariate margins to multivariate distributions. Our procedure exploits the role for copula models in information theory and in measures of association, specically: the use of copulae densities as parametric mutual information, and as measures of association on the rank statistics. The copula approach oers a unied view of component analysis procedures, in particular, by parameterizing multivariate dependence. ICA then, via the copula, is a generalization of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - where the copula model may be non-Gaussian. Generally, the goal is to orthogonalize a measure of multivariate dispersion, yielding an orthogonal basis for a multivariate data set. The exibility of the copula approach allows for parameterizations of non-gaussian, non-monotone dependence. Additionally, we note a possible use for the copula approach in generalized component extraction procedures (such as Canonical Correlation Analysis) and ultimately the broader class of Generalized Linear Models.
Basic, Quantitative and Experimental Research Phases of Future Ethnobotany with Reference to the Medicinal Plants of South America

Ethnobotany of the future will encompass what we perceive as three interrelated research phases. Basic ethnobotany includes the compilation and organization of information about biota obtained from indigenous and other peoples, such as obtaining data about useful plants and animals, understanding how peoples manage their environments and learning about their lexicons and classifications. This is what we try to do in the best possible way, directly in the field from original sources. These results can then be organized in many ways once species determinations are completed. They may also be organized using other types of information, the most obvious being chemical, medical and linguistic. Quantitative ethnobotany develops methods to allow quantitative description and to evaluate and analyse primary data sets. Original field research must be sufficiently structured and consistent, for example in relation to forest habitat and composition or to oral exchanges between informant and listener, so that statistical techniques may be used to test proposed hypotheses rigorously. This aspect of ethnobotany is in its infancy, yet it can be broadly utilized to comprehend more meaningfully and usefully ethnobotanically valued plants, particularly in the exceedingly diversified environments of tropical regions where because of community isolation practitioners are still most knowledgeable. Experimental ethnobotany involves the use of biota in search of products for industrial, medical and other purposes. Plant ethnomedicinal findings may set the stage for targeting materials which can be meaningfully analysed for chemical activity using appropriate biodirected assays. This approach in search of new pharmaceuticals is woefully underutilized today to the detriment of human health and a number of new strategies should be considered for future advancements in drug discovery. These aspects of ethnobotany will be evaluated largely in relation to current and future research in South America.
The Meaning of Make-Believe

The Work of the Imagination. Paul L. Harris. Blackwell, Oxford, 2000. 234 pp. $59.95, £50. ISBN 0-631-21885-8. Paper, $26.95, £14.99. ISBN 0-631-21886-6. Refuting long-held views that the fantasies of children reflect primitive and irrational thought, Harris explores how imagination contributes to cognitive and emotional development.