cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ecophysiology of juvenile California halibut Paralichthys californicus in relation to body size, water temperature and salinity

Food consumption, metabolism, growth, conversion efficiencies (food assimilation, gross and net growth) and whole-body water content of small (118 to 172 mm TL) and large (237 to 310 mm TL) juvenile California halibut Paralichthys californicus exposed to various combinations of water temperatures (14, 20, 25 and 28°C) and salinities (8, 17 and 34 ppt) were quantified in laboratory experiments. Small juvenile halibut were able to grow and maintain water balance over almost the entire ranges of water temperatures and salinities tested, except at 14°C and 8 ppt, where they lost weight but gained about 2% body water. Large juvenile halibut were far less tolerant of variations in water temperature and salinity. Regardless of salinity, large juvenile halibut exposed to 14 and 25°C lost weight due to greatly reduced energy intake, and experienced > 90% mortality at 28°C; in diluted seawater at 14 and 25°C they also experienced water balance problems. Only at 20°C did sur- plus energy and lack of water balance problems allow large juvenile halibut to grow across all salin- ities. Differences in energetic and water balance responses of small and large juvenile halibut corre- spond to the habitat preferences of each size group. Small juvenile halibut are estuarine, and their ability to tolerate wide variations in water temperatures and salinities allows them to exploit estuar- ies and coastal lagoons with abundant small prey (gobies), warm temperatures, and few predators. However, in winter, with the increased probability of estuarine or lagoon mouth closures, water tem- peratures and salinity can rapidly drop to levels unfavorable for growth of small juvenile halibut. Large juvenile halibut, with their reduced tolerance for varying temperatures and salinities, must migrate from lagoons and estuaries into open-coast environments, where they also benefit from abundant large prey. Closure of river mouths likely pose the greatest risk to large juvenile halibut, should they become trapped in cold, hyposaline coastal wetlands.
Hardware Technologies for High-Performance Data-Intensive Computing

Data-intensive problems challenge conventional computing architectures with demanding CPU, memory, and I/O requirements. Experiments with three benchmarks suggest that emerging hardware technologies can significantly boost performance of a wide range of applications by increasing compute cycles and bandwidth and reducing latency.
Protection of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafmesque, against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet by immunization

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafmesque, were immunized with ciliary and whole cell preparations of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and subsequently challenged with I. multi-filiis. Similar Telrahymena pyriformis preparations were used to determine if this heterologous immunization would elicit a protective immune response against I. mullifiliis infestation. Results indicate that T. pyriformis ciliary antigens provided the greatest degree of protection.
Policy Dilemmas and Political Unrest in Poland

The recent unrest in Poland is not simply a struggle between the workers and the regime over political freedom and economic reform. A basic cause of the unrest, as in past years, is the failure of the regime to balance adequately the conflicting policies of promoting long-term investment in industry, raising the standard of living, and reducing social class inequalities. Each of these policies represents a major goal of the regime, and of socialist ideology. The regime has not been able to emphasize all three goals simultaneously, and has shifted resources and attention from one to the other over the years. But the shifts themselves are disruptive and were a major factor in the unrest in 1980 as well as earlier years.
Carl E. Baum: The University of New Mexico years

This paper reminisces about the final years of Dr. Carl E. Baum's life and career as a distinguished Research Professor at the University of New Mexico, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. It focuses on Carl's most significant research projects during this time, in his capacity as an advisor and mentor to his graduate students, and as a colleague.
Development of quantitative liquid competition radioimmunoassays for the ras oncogene and proto-oncogene p21 products.

The ras gene family of rodents and humans is highly conserved and consists of several distinct genes, i.e., rodent Harvey and Kirsten, and human Harvey, Kirsten and neuroblastoma. This gene family mediates transformation via (1) a point-mutation resulting in the change of one amino acid in the 21 kDA ras gene product (p21) or (2) increased expression of ras p21. Group-specific, type-selective and interspecies indirect binding liquid competition radioimmunoassays (RIAs), capable of providing truly quantitative analyses of the 21 ras oncogene and proto-oncogene products, have been developed. Using purified recombinant ras p21 from Escherichia coli expressing the full-length T24 mutant human Harvey-ras gene protein product as a standard in these RIAs, we have defined the absolute numbers of pg, fM and molecules of ras p21 in: (1) E. coli expressing the point-mutated or proto-ras p21 and (2) mammalian cell lines of human and murine origin. Two of the RIAs developed can be termed group-specific in that they have the ability to detect the point-mutated and proto forms of all 3 human ras genes (Harvey, Kirsten, and neuroblastoma), while the third RIA is type-selective, since it detects an antigenic determinant located primarily on the Harvey ras p21. All 3 RIAs are interspecies-specific since they are able to detect ras p21 in rodent as well as human cells. The adaptability of the RIAs to various assay conditions and ease of methodology make these immunoassays applicable to the study of several parameters associated with ras p21 expression. These assays, used in conjunction with specific cDNA probes to identify specific ras proto-oncogenes or point-mutated oncogenes being expressed, now provide truly quantitative analysis of ras p21 in mammalian cells to further the study of the association between ras p21 expression and transformation.
HOW SPIDER ANATOMY AND THREAD CONFIGURATION SHAPE THE STICKINESS OF CRIBELLAR PREY CAPTURE THREADS

Cribellar threads are primitive prey capture threads formed of thousands of fine, looped cribellar fibrils that surround larger, supporting fibers. Cribellar fibrils are produced from the spigots of an abdominal spinning field, the cribellum, which may be either a single, oval plate or a pair of medially divided plates. The number of spigots on a spider's cribellum is known to be directly related to the stickiness of its cribellar thread. Some spiders deposit cribellar threads in their webs as taut, self-supporting linear threads; others deposit looped threads along a supporting foundation thread. This study showed that the looped cribellar threads of Kukulcania hibernalis (Filistatidae) and Mexitlia trivittata (Dictynidae) were wider and stickier than linear threads produced by Waitkera waitakerensis and Uloborus glomosus (Uloboridae), respectively, that had the same numbers of cribellum spigots. Linear cribellar thread spun from the divided cribellum of K. hibernalis was both wider and stickier than linear thread spun from the undivided cribellum of W. waitakerensis that had the same number of spigots. A single cribellar plate of K. hibernalis and the cribellum of Siratoba referena (Uloboridae) had a similar number of spigots and produced cribellar threads with similar stickiness. Thus, both a spider's spinning anatomy and its spinning behavior affect the stickiness of its cribellar threads.
Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of unsymmetric matrices using a distributed-memory multiprocessor☆

Abstract Distrubuted-memory parallel algorithms for finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a dense unsymmetric matrix are given. While several parallel algorithms have been developed for symmetric matrices, little work has been done on the unsymmetric case. Our parallel implementation proceeds in three major steps: reduction of the original matrix to Hessenberg form, application of the implicit double-shift QR algoritm to compute the eigenvalues, and back transformations to compute the eigenvectors. Several modifications to our parallel QR algorithm, including ring communication, pipelining and delayed updating are discussed and compared. Results and timings are given.
Diverse roles for the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases in carcinogenesis

The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their cell-presented ligands, the ephrins, are frequently overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers, including breast, small-cell lung and gastrointestinal cancers, melanomas, and neuroblastomas. In particular, one Eph family member, EphA2, is overexpressed in many cancers, including 40% of breast cancers. EphA2 can also transform breast epithelial cells in vitro to display properties commonly associated with the development of metastasis. Remarkably, the oncogenic properties of EphA2 contravene traditional dogma with regard to the oncogenic properties of a growth factor and its receptor tyrosine kinase: while stimulation of EphA2 by its ligand (ephrin-A1) results in EphA2 autophosphorylation, the stimulation reverses the oncogenic transformation. As will be discussed in this review, the apparent dependence of oncogenicity on the dephosphorylated state of EphA2 most probably reflects the unique nature of Eph signaling. In particular, oncogenecity may depend on the capacity of unactivated EphA2 to interact with a variety of signaling molecules. As well as acting in oncogenic transformation, a growing body of evidence supports the importance of the concerted actions of ephrins and Eph molecules in tumor angiogenesis. Genetic studies, using targeted mutagenesis in mice, reveal that ephrin-B1, ephrin-B2, and EphB4 are essential for the normal morphogenesis of the embryonic vasculature into a sophisticated network of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Initial studies indicate that these molecules are also angiogenic in tumors, and as such represent important new targets for the development of chemotherapeutic treatments.
Distributed Listening: A Parallel Processing Approach to Automatic Speech Recognition

While speech recognition systems have come a long way in the last thirty years, there is still room for improvement. Although readily available, these systems are sometimes inaccurate and insufficient. The research presented here outlines a technique called Distributed Listening which demonstrates noticeable improvements to existing speech recognition methods. The Distributed Listening architecture introduces the idea of multiple, parallel, yet physically separate automatic speech recognizers called listeners. Distributed Listening also uses a piece of middleware called an interpreter. The interpreter resolves multiple interpretations using the Phrase Resolution Algorithm (PRA). These efforts work together to increase the accuracy of the transcription of spoken utterances.
Relative Importance of the Effects of Seed and Feed Stage Agitations on Latex Properties in Semibatch Emulsion Copolymerization of n‐Butyl Methacrylate and N‐Methylol Acrylamide

The effects of agitation in a ca. 24% solids semibatch emulsion copolymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate and N‐methylol acrylamide in a 2 dm3 reactor are reported. A Rushton turbine with 8 cm tip‐to‐tip diameter was used as the agitator. The agitation speeds during the seed and feed stages of the semibatch process were varied at two levels. The final latexes obtained from the four experiments were characterized for the size of the polymer particles, viscosity, amount of water‐soluble polymer, and the amount of coagulum at the end of the reaction. A higher agitation speed nucleated a greater number of polymer particles during the in situ seed formation step (seed stage). In the absence of any secondary nucleation during the monomer‐feeding stage, the final latexes had a higher number of particles when the agitation speed during the seed stage was higher. The amount of coagulum increased with an increase in the agitation power‐input. The amount of water‐soluble polymer was influenced mainly by the agitation...
Screening Ornamentals for Their Potential as As Accumulator Plants

Arsenic-based pesticides, herbicides and insecticides are used in horticultural operations resulting in soil contamination around greenhouse structures. Phytoremediation and phytostabilization are two techniques for treating arsenic (As) contaminated soil. Several ornamental plant species, Iris (Iris savannarum), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), Tithonia rotundiflora, Coreopsis lanceolata, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and marigold (Tagetes erecta), were evaluated for their potential use as accumulator plants. Based on dry weight, tithonia and coreopsis were most sensitive to As. Tithonia had an 85% reduction in dry weight at 0.75 mg As L -1 and coreopsis a 65% reduction at 2.25 mg As L -1 solution concentration. Iris dry weight increased with increasing solution concentrations but As did not accumulate in tissue. At the high As rate, marigold and sunflower had uptake ratios of 7.4 and 16.6, respectively, and translocation factors near one. Both show little effect of As toxicity on dry weights production, therefore, are appealing candidates for phytoremediation and phytostabilization. Switchgrass and iris can be harvested multiple times a year, making them candidates for phytostabilization.
Rigorous meta-analysis of life history correlations by simultaneously analyzing multiple population dynamics models.

Correlations among life history parameters have been discussed in the ecological literature for over 50 years, but are often estimated while treating model estimates of demographic rates such as natural mortality (M) or individual growth (k) as “data.” This approach fails to propagate uncertainty appropriately because it ignores correlations in estimation errors between parameters within a species and differences in estimation error among species. An improved alternative is multi-species mixed-effects modeling, which we approximate using multivariate likelihood profiles in an approach that synthesizes information from several population dynamics models. Simulation modeling demonstrates that this approach has minimal bias, and that precision improves with increased number of species. As a case study, we demonstrate this approach by estimating M/k for 11 groundfish species off the U.S. West Coast using the data and functional forms on which pre-existing, peer-reviewed, population dynamics models are based. ...
Glass transitions in hydrogen‐bonded polymer complexes

Mutual precipitates of poly (N, N-dimethyl acrylamide) and poly (4-hydroxystyrene) were collected from dioxane, methanol, or acetone. The glass transition (Tg) temperatures of the precipitates are higher than the weight-average values. Clear films cast from dimethylformamide solutions have lower Tg values. Complexation also occurred between poly (ethyl oxazoline) and poly (4-hydroxystyrene) in dioxane and between poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly (4-hydroxystyrene) in methanol. Again, the glass transition temperatures of the precipitates are higher than the values for the blend films. The ΔCp values associated with the glass transitions of the complexes are smaller than those of the blends having the same compositions. Negative excess heat capacities of mixing have been observed for several precipitates.
Effect of cortisone on the developmental pattern of the neutral and the acid β-galactosidases of the small intestine of the rat

1. The developmental pattern and effect of cortisone on acid beta-galactosidase and neutral beta-galactosidase were studied in postnatal rats by a recently proposed method for their independent determination. 2. After birth the acid beta-galactosidase activity increases in the ileum, whereas it decreases slightly in the jejunum. On day 16 after birth the activity in the ileum decreases and in 20-day-old rats activity in both parts of the intestine decreases to adult values. In suckling animals the activity in the ileum exceeds the jejunal activity severalfold and in adult animals the activity in the jejunum is slightly higher than that in the ileum. 3. Neutral beta-galactosidase activity is high after birth and decreases in both jejunum and ileum after day 20 after birth. In 12-20-day-old rats activity in both parts is essentially the same, but in adult animals jejunal activity exceeds ileal activity four-to five-fold. 4. Cortisone (0.5, 2.0 or 5.0mg/100g body wt. daily for 4 days) does not influence the activity of either enzyme in 60-day-old rats. Acid beta-galactosidase activity is decreased after cortisone treatment in 8-, 12-, 16-and 18-day-old rats, with sensitivity to cortisone increasing with the approach of weaning. No effect of cortisone on acid beta-galactosidase is seen in 8-day-old rats. Neutral beta-galactosidase activity is increased in the ileum of 8-, 12-, 16- and 18-day old rats, but only in the jejunum of 8-and 12-day-old rats.
Noninvasive dissection of mouse sleep using a piezoelectric motion sensor.

Abstract Background Changes in autonomic control cause regular breathing during NREM sleep to fluctuate during REM . Piezoelectric cage-floor sensors have been used to successfully discriminate sleep and wake states in mice based on signal features related to respiration and other movements. This study presents a classifier for noninvasively classifying REM and NREM using a piezoelectric sensor. New method Vigilance state was scored manually in 4-s epochs for 24-h EEG/EMG recordings in 20 mice. An unsupervised classifier clustered piezoelectric signal features quantifying movement and respiration into three states: one active; and two inactive with regular and irregular breathing, respectively. These states were hypothesized to correspond to Wake , NREM , and REM , respectively. States predicted by the classifier were compared against manual EEG/EMG scores to test this hypothesis. Results Using only piezoelectric signal features, an unsupervised classifier distinguished Wake with high (89% sensitivity, 96% specificity) and REM with moderate (73% sensitivity, 75% specificity) accuracy, but NREM with poor sensitivity (51%) and high specificity (96%). The classifier sometimes confused light NREM sleep – characterized by irregular breathing and moderate delta EEG power – with REM . A supervised classifier improved sensitivities to 90, 81, and 67% and all specificities to over 90% for Wake , NREM , and REM , respectively. Comparison with existing methods Unlike most actigraphic techniques, which only differentiate sleep from wake, the proposed piezoelectric method further dissects sleep based on breathing regularity into states strongly correlated with REM and NREM . Conclusions This approach could facilitate large-sample screening for genes influencing different sleep traits, besides drug studies or other manipulations.
Applying Affective Computing Techniques to the Field of Special Education

AbstractAffective computing is an emerging area of technology that could offer many benefits to the field of special education. These computing techniques involve the expression and interpretation of emotion and behavioral responses. Although researchers are still in the experimental stages with these devices, it would be valuable for special educators to start thinking about possible implications for the classroom. This article provides some background on psychophysiology and then describes affective computing techniques. Finally, we present two potential examples of these techniques for students with disabilities.
Longitudinal pulse shaping for the suppression of coherent synchrotron radiation-induced emittance growth

The damaging effect of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) on the emittance and energy spread of high-energy beams in accelerator light sources can significantly constrain the machine design and performance. We propose a mitigation approach in which the dynamical effect of the longitudinal component of CSR is suppressed by appropriately preparing the initial longitudinal current profile of the beam. In a chicane, a linear theory for the mechanism of CSR-induced emittance growth is used to demonstrate how this procedure can produce a beam whose core experiences suppressed transverse emittance growth. The dynamics of such a beam is illustrated for the Berlin-Zeuthen CSR benchmark chicane.
Encapsidated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization in Qβ Virus-like Nanoparticles

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are unique macromolecular structures that hold great promise in biomedical and biomaterial applications. The interior of the 30 nm-diameter Qβ VLP was functionalized by a three-step process: (1) hydrolytic removal of endogenously packaged RNA, (2) covalent attachment of initiator molecules to unnatural amino acid residues located on the interior capsid surface, and (3) atom-transfer radical polymerization of tertiary amine-bearing methacrylate monomers. The resulting polymer-containing particles were moderately expanded in size; however, biotin-derivatized polymer strands were only very weakly accessible to avidin, suggesting that most of the polymer was confined within the protein shell. The polymer-containing particles were also found to exhibit physical and chemical properties characteristic of positively charged nanostructures, including the ability to easily enter mammalian cells and deliver functional small interfering RNA.
Convergence of Complex Continued Fractions

(1995). Convergence of Complex Continued Fractions. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 202-208.
Formation and growth of molecular clusters containing sulfuric acid, water, ammonia, and dimethylamine.

The structures and thermochemistry of molecular clusters containing sulfuric acid, water, ammonia, and/or dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH or DMA) are explored using a combination of Monte Carlo configuration sampling, semiempirical calculations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Clusters are of the general form [(BH+)n(HSO4–)n(H2O)y], where B = NH3 or DMA, 2 ≤ n ≤ 8, and 0 ≤ y ≤ 10. Cluster formulas are written based on the computed structures, which uniformly show proton transfer from each sulfuric acid molecule to a base molecule while the water molecules remain un-ionized. Cluster formation is energetically favorable, owing to strong electrostatic attraction among the ions. Water has a minor effect on the energetics of cluster formation, lowering the free energy of formation by ∼10% depending on the cluster size and number of water molecules. Cluster growth (addition of one base molecule and one sulfuric acid molecule to a pre-existing cluster) and base substitution (substituting DMA for ammoni...
Tagging Black Sea Bass for Sex Change Data

Bobbing slowly up and down, I keep my eyes tight on the bright horizon. The hot, sticky fabric of my Grundens brushes against my knees as I bend and brace for each wave. Thirty-five dedicated volunteers stand around me with their rods pointed out and, lines straight down in the water, anxiously anticipate nibbles. Standing at the center of the stern, my nose tickles with the smell of fresh clam bait, when I hear the first “FISH ON!” from Tom, one of our most avid fishing volunteers. All three of us in the fish tagging team leap into action, boat dipping and rising as we stumble across each other’s paths, gathering scalpels, forceps, plastic tags, and data sheets. And again, “FISH ON! It’s a big one!” pierces the breezeless air from starboard side. Then two more “I got one!” shouts come from port side.
The Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Alteration of Male Response to Gossyplure by Release of Its Component Z,Z- Isomer

Ratios (1:0, 9:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:9, and 0:1) of Z,Z- to Z,E- isomers of 7,11- hexadecadienyl acetate (7,11-16:Ac) were tested as trap baits for capture of male pink bollworm moths, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), in fields treated with either Z,Z -7,11-16:Ac or gossyplure (1:1 ratio of Z,Z - to Z,E -7,11-16:Ac, the sex pheromone of the pink bollworm), or left untreated. Males were captured primarily in traps baited with gossyplure in gossyplure-treated fields (78%of total catch) and in untreated fields (66%of total catch). However, in fields treated with Z,Z -7,11-16:Ac, 69% of the males were captured in traps containing the 9:1 ratio and 3% in traps baited with gossyplure, an induced shift in the response of males. The observed shift in male response suggests the possibility of male annihilation using traps of insecticide-treated sources (9:1 ratio, for example) in fields treated with Z,Z -7,11-16:Ac. Unlike males in fields treated with gossyplure, males in fields treated with Z,Z -7,11-16:Ac are not responsive to sources emitting gossyplure. The induced shift in male response to isomer ratios is attributed to selective adaptation of Z,Z - receptor sites on the antennae of males leading to the perception of the 9:1 ratio as ca. 1:1.
Secondary Trading of Private Company Shares: New Opportunities and Challenges

Emerging and growing private companies play a vital role in driving progress, fostering innovation and facilitating job creation. Their ability to raise capital, expand their business activities, attract and retain skillful employees is therefore of crucial importance for the growth of the U.S. economy. The last three years have seen a remarkable increase in the secondary trading of private company shares, which has been largely driven by a raising pressure on private companies to provide liquidity to former and current employees, early investors and other shareholders. The increase in frequency and volume of secondary trading of private company shares has highlighted the important role that an active and liquid secondary market may play to facilitate the growth of private companies. However, the recent development of a red-hot trading in the shares of some of the world leading technology private companies has sparked a large debate on the risks and complexities associated with the secondary trading of private company shares, and has attracted the scrutiny of financial authorities and regulators. This paper studies recent developments in secondary trading of private company shares. Chapter 1 discusses major drivers that may have contributed to increase secondary sales and purchases of private company shares. Chapter 2 examines viable means for promoting a controlled, transparent and liquid secondary trading of private company shares. Chapter 3 analyzes the benefits associated with an active secondary trading of private company shares. Chapter 4 discusses certain securities law issues relevant for the secondary sales and purchases of private company shares. Chapter 5 discusses measures to improve and promote further development of secondary trading of private company shares.
Education for Incarcerated Juveniles: A Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACTBased on screenings of 1,150 manuscripts, we synthesize evidence from 18 eligible studies of educational interventions implemented within juvenile correctional facilities. The studies include 5 intervention categories: remedial academic instruction, computer-assisted instruction, personalized academic instruction, vocational education, and GED completion. Effectiveness is measured in terms of 4 outcomes: academic performance in reading or mathematics, diploma completion, postrelease employment, and postrelease recidivism. Focusing on studies with the strongest basis for causal inference, we find positive and statistically significant effects for computer-assisted instruction in raising reading comprehension, and for personalized learning in improving diploma completion and post-release employment. These findings are driven by large and well-executed randomized trials of Scholastic's Read 180 curriculum and Florida's Avon Park Youth Academy. Despite the limited research base, these studies suggest ...
A Refrigeration System Incorporating a Low-Capacity, High-Speed, Gas-Bearing-Supported Expansion Turbine

The purpose of this report is to describe the application of previously developed gas-bearing principles [1,2,3] to a turbine expander operating as part of a small-capacity helium refrigeration system. This refrigeration system, chosen for its simplicity, uses helium gas as the refrigeration medium and bearing supply, and is capable of providing a continuous refrigeration sink at 4.2°K.
Pragmatic Language Interpretation as Probabilistic Inference

Understanding language requires more than the use of fixed conventions and more than decoding combinatorial structure. Instead, comprehenders make exquisitely sensitive inferences about what utterances mean given their knowledge of the speaker, language, and context. Building on developments in game theory and probabilistic modeling, we describe the rational speech act (RSA) framework for pragmatic reasoning. RSA models provide a principled way to formalize inferences about meaning in context; they have been used to make successful quantitative predictions about human behavior in a variety of different tasks and situations, and they explain why complex phenomena, such as hyperbole and vagueness, occur. More generally, they provide a computational framework for integrating linguistic structure, world knowledge, and context in pragmatic language understanding.
Quasi-Static Compression and Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Tri-Axial Bio-Composite Structural Panels Using a Spherical Head

This paper presents experimental results of both quasi-static compression and low-velocity impact behavior for tri-axial bio-composite structural panels using a spherical load head. Panels were made having different core and face configurations. The results showed that panels made having either carbon fiber fabric composite faces or a foam-filled core had significantly improved impact and compressive performance over panels without either. Different localized impact responses were observed based on the location of the compression or impact relative to the tri-axial structural core; the core with a smaller structural element had better impact performance. Furthermore, during the early contact phase for both quasi-static compression and low-velocity impact tests, the panels with the same configuration had similar load-displacement responses. The experimental results show basic compression data could be used for the future design and optimization of tri-axial bio-composite structural panels for potential impact applications.
Why Every Aspect of an Academic Pharmacy Career Should Be Viewed Through the Lens of Scholarship.

Attending the 2016 annual meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) in Anaheim, California, one could not help but notice that the general underlying theme in almost every activity and presentation was scholarship. Indeed, all of the four categories,[1][1] scholarship of
Principle and Politics in the New History of Originalism

The emergence of a new form of originalism has sparked an interest in the theory’s past that is particularly welcome as developments on the Supreme Court and in the Republican Party unsettle the theory’s place in American law and politics. Our understanding of the theory’s development, however, has been limited by an unfortunate and unnecessary division between what are now two separate histories of originalism. One history examines the theory’s development in academia and emphasizes the influence of principled argument. A second investigates its role in politics and highlights the role of conservative interests. This review essay identifies this division and offers two ways to create a productive dialogue. It first suggests we consider how political interests have shaped the academic debates over originalism by influencing the institutions that produce those debates. Second, it urges a reconsideration of how and why academic debates have shaped the theory’s political uses. There is good reason to consider whether principled constitutional argument, and thus the debates of academics, have shaped the political uses of originalism even if the theory’s most important advocates were motivated mostly – or even entirely – by the pursuit of political advantage. Using these approaches to identify the reciprocal influence of politics and principle on originalism’s past can help produce the new history of originalism we need to understand, evaluate, and influence the theory’s role in American law and politics.
Impact of Pavement Structural Response on Vehicle Fuel Consumption

AbstractIn this study, vehicle energy consumption induced by the viscous behavior of asphalt pavement materials was calculated by using 3D viscoelastic finite-element (FE) modeling. Five pavement s...
Type IIL Supernovae

In this chapter addresses a kind of supernova that we have elected to discuss separately from supernovae of Type IIP (SN IIP; Chapter “Type IIP Supernovae”). Type IIL (SN IIL) supernovae are hydrogen-rich events characterized by their photometric behavior. Their light curves undergo an extended linear (on a log scale, so exponential in time) decline. The most clear-cut cases show little evidence for the distinct plateaus that characterize SN IIP. SN IIL roughly behave like the steep declines of SN IIP between the plateau and the late-time tail. Some SN IIL, however, do show abbreviated plateaus. To add to the ambivalence, many SN IIL have narrow emission lines that are similar to those that are the hallmark of Type IIn (SN IIn; Chapter “Type IIn Supernovae”). Rather than constituting a distinct class, SN IIL may represent a transition from SN IIP to SN IIn depending on the extent and/or timing of presupernova progenitor mass loss.
Computational linguistics analysis of leaders during crises in authoritarian regimes

We investigated linguistic patterns in the discourse of three prominent autocratic leaders whose tenure lasted for multiple decades. The texts of Fidel Castro, Zedong Mao, and Hosni Mubarak were analyzed using a computational linguistic tool (Coh-Metrix) to explore persuasive linguistic features during social disequilibrium and stability. The analyses were guided by the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, which contrasts central versus peripheral routes to persuasion. Results show these leaders utilize the central persuasion route, with more formal discourse patterns during times of crises versus non-crises. A significant interaction between leader age and armed conflict revealed interesting adaptive characteristics. Specifically, leaders' formality decreases over time in both crises and non-crises times, but this attenuation is less prominent during crisis periods. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of using computational linguistics analyses to generate potential pred...
Can the profession of pharmacy serve as a model for health informationist professionals

Pharmacy could serve as a model for the health informationist profession proposed by Davidoff and Florance in their 2000 editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine. The current training and practice roles for pharmacists suggest a way to prepare health sciences librarians for work with clinical health care teams. The influences that spurred the transformation of pharmacy parallel in many respects those suggesting the need for more information professionals prepared to practice in clinical health care settings. During the same decades that health sciences librarians have been debating and experimenting with new professional roles such as clinical medical librarians, pharmacy has undergone an intensive review of its core values, mission, practice roles, and educational preparation methods. Until recently, most pharmacists graduated from five-year baccalaureate programs preparing them to understand drug products, sources of supply, and effective ways to dispense them to patients as prescribed by physicians. Today, almost all pharmacy students graduate from six-year doctor of pharmacy programs that prepare them to be the primary providers of what their profession calls "pharmaceutical care." The pharmaceutical care model suggests that health information professionals in clinical settings could be educated and trained to provide what we might call health information care.
Formation of Vertebrate Limbs

Abstract Vertebrate limb development has been a fertile field for understanding the functional mechanisms of cell-cell signaling in controlling embryonic development. The rapid advancement of molecular genetic studies of vertebrate limb development has benefited tremendously from classical embryological experiments in the chick. These studies have revealed the molecular networks that control limb development in the following aspects: Limb bud formation at a specific position along the anterior-posterior body axis may be determined by the expression of Hox genes. Limb initiation is controlled by transcription factors Tbx4 (hindlimb) and Tbx5 (forelimb) and Wnt/Fgf signaling pathways. Limb outgrowth and patterning along the three axes (proximal-distal [PD], anterior-posterior [AP] and dorsal-ventral [DV]) are controlled by three signaling centers (apical ectoderm ridge [AER], zone of polarizing activity [ZPA] and non-AER limb ectoderm) respectively. Coordination between the three signaling centers occurs through interactions among the signaling pathways that mediate the function of the respective signaling centers. Signaling pathways controlling limb development often also play critical roles in regulating other important developmental processes. Genetic variations in humans which disrupt limb development lead to congenital limb malformation and other defects.
Implantable Cardiac Devices

It is not uncommon to see patients for preoperative evaluation who have a permanent pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Perioperative management of these devices requires both knowledge of how these devices function as well as an understanding of the particular risks posed by electrocautery or other electromagnetic interference to the function of the device.
Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Jute Fiber/Epoxy Laminar Composites

Alkali and Silane surface treatments based off of work published previously (J Appl Polym Sci 71(4):623–629, 1999; Polym Eng Sci 49(7):1253–1272, 2009; Mater Sci Eng A 508(1–2):247–252, 2009) were applied to plain weave and unidirectional jute fabric to improve epoxy compatibility and reduce moisture affinity. Efficacy of treatments was proven with the use of wicking tests. Studies performed on the hand-layup method showed unacceptable void content. Laminated jute/epoxy composites were fabricated using Vacuum Infusion to create void-free samples. This process was improved through optimization for use with jute and the addition of a pre-compaction step to increase fiber volume fraction from 25 % to a maximum of 40 %. Mechanical testing on composites fabricated with raw and treated jute fabrics showed a 300 % increase in elastic modulus for treated jute fabric over neat epoxy resin. Moisture absorption testing (ASTM D570) showed a significant improvement in moisture resistance for silane-treated fabrics.
Learners' exploratory behavior within MetaTutor

This study investigated the navigation patterns of 56 learners within a hypermedia learning environment, MetaTutor. Using K-Means cluster analysis, four types of navigational profiles were created. One cluster including participants who navigated primarily linearly through the learning environment, one showed high levels of non-linear progression, one included participants who opened the images very frequently, and the last cluster had a balance of all the navigational variables included in the analysis. Data from the learning measures used indicated that the balanced cluster and the cluster which opened the image frequently had the highest learning outcomes. Implications for the design of adaptive hypermedia learning systems are discussed.
Impact of Empiric Treatment for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus in Colonized Patients Early after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

ABSTRACT In recent years, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization is being increasingly encountered in transplant recipients, and VRE has become one of the leading causes of bacteremia early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Data are sparse on the effect of empiric VRE therapy for febrile, neutropenic allo-HSCT recipients colonized with VRE. All allo-HSCT recipients aged ≥18years who developed VRE bacteremia (VREB) between 2005 and 2014 were identified and categorized as to whether they received empiric or directed VRE therapy. There were 434 (33%) VRE-colonized and 872 (67%) non-VRE-colonized patients during the study period, and 172 of the 434 (40%) VRE-colonized patients received empiric therapy. There was no significant difference in incidence of VREB among colonized patients who did or did not receive empiric therapy (28 of 172 [16%] vs 55 of 262 [21%]; P = .22). There were 95 patients with VREB, of which the majority (83 of 95; 87%) was known to be VRE-colonized. Of the 95 VREB episodes, 29 (31%) were treated with empiric VRE therapy, whereas 66 (69%) were treated with directed therapy. No significant differences in clinical outcomes, including median duration of bacteremia (2 days vs 2 days; P = .39), recurrent VREB (3 of 29 [10%] vs 5 of 66 [8%]; P = .65), 30-day all-cause mortality (1 of 29 [3%] vs 4 of 66 [6%]; P = .62), or VRE-attributable mortality (1 of 29 [3%] vs 1 of 66 [2%]; P = .55), were observed between the empiric therapy and directed therapy groups. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed no significant difference in survival at 30days in allo-HSCT recipients with VREB who received empiric therapy and those who received directed therapy (97% vs 94%; P = .62). Based on our data, we recommend against empiric use of VRE-active agents for fever and neutropenia in VRE-colonized patients undergoing allo-HSCT.
Does Timing of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Prior to or After Lumbar Spine Fusion Have an Effect on Dislocation and Revision Rates

Abstract Background Patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) following lumbar spine fusion have an increased incidence of dislocation compared to those without prior lumbar fusion. The purpose of this study is to determine if timing of THA prior to or after lumbar fusion would have an effect on dislocation and revision incidence in patients with both hip and lumbar spine pathology. Methods One hundred percent Medicare inpatient claims data from 2005 to 2015 were used to compare dislocation and revision risks in patients with primary THA with pre-existing lumbar spine fusion vs THA with subsequent lumbar spine fusion within 1, 2, and 5 years after the index THA. A total of 42,300 patients met inclusion criteria, 28,668 patients of which underwent THA with pre-existing lumbar spinal fusion (LSF) and 13,632 patients who had prior THA and subsequent LSF. Patients who had THA first followed by LSF were further stratified based on the interval between index THA and subsequent LSF (1, 2, and 5 years), making 4 total groups for comparison. Multivariate cox regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, race, census region, gender, Charlson score, pre-existing conditions, discharge status, length of stay, and hospital characteristics. Results Patients with prior LSF undergoing THA had a 106% increased risk of dislocation compared to those with LSF done 5 years after THA (P Conclusion Results of this study demonstrate that sequence of surgical intervention for concomitant lumbar and hip pathology requiring LSF and THA respectively significantly impacts the fate of the THA performed. Patients with prior LSF undergoing THA are at significantly higher risk of dislocation and subsequent revision compared to those with THA first followed by delayed LSF. Level of Evidence 3.
Excellent response to therapeutic plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis patients irrespective of antibody status.

INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this study was to assess response to plasma exchange (PLEX) in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with and without autoantibodies (Ab) to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). Analysis was also done to determine if correlation existed between sex, early or late onset MG, thymoma, or thymectomy and response to PLEX. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was analyzed on 58 consecutive MG patients treated with PLEX. Responses were categorized as complete response, clinical improvement requiring maintenance PLEX, or no/minimal response to PLEX. RESULTS Eighty-eight percent (51/58) of patients were Ab-positive; 44 had AChR and 7 had MuSK Ab. Complete response was seen in 26 patients (24 Ab+), 24 remain on maintenance PLEX (19 Ab+), and 2 had no/minimal response (both AChR Ab+). Ab status (P = 0.43), AChR Ab (P = 0.10), MuSK Ab (P = 0.45), early onset MG (P = 0.63), thymoma (P = 0.46), and thymectomy (P = 0.16) were not significantly associated with outcome. Patient sex did show significant association with outcome (P = 0.01), with men more likely to have complete response and women more likely to require maintenance. Late onset MG is significantly associated with higher likelihood of complete response (P = 0.03). Antibody titers declined after PLEX in 83% of patients with complete response, in whom pre- and post-PLEX titers were available (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study showed 96% response rate to PLEX in MG; however, only patient gender and late onset MG were significantly associated with treatment response.
Temperature dependent Hall effect in InAsSb with a 0.11 eV 77 K-bandgap

InAsSb is the only direct-bandgap III–V compound semiconductor alloy that absorbs and emits light over the entire long-wavelength infrared band (8–12 micron). We measured its free electron concentration and mobility as a function of temperature in materials with a 77 K-bandgap of 0.11 eV and compared the results with those of the II–VI compound, HgCdTe. The intrinsic electron concentration exhibits an expected freeze-out, which can be described with Fermi statistical electron and hole distributions, taking into account the non-parabolicity of the conduction band and the temperature dependence of the bandgap. Using known values for the electron mass, the heavy hole mass is estimated to be 0.4m0. The background concentration is n-type and is caused by a donor resonant with the conduction band of ∼8.7 meV above its bottom. The electron mobility exhibits a noticeably different behavior compared with HgCdTe. Between room temperature and ∼77 K, the InAsSb mobility is significantly higher, indicating a difference in phonon scattering, while at lower temperatures where alloy and impurity scattering dominate, the mobility of the unoptimized InAsSb is lower.