cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Locus of Control and Recall of Death-Related versus Neutral Words

-The present study examined the hypothesis that subjects with an external locus of control orientation would exhibit more anxiecy-when given a free-recall task involving death-related words than would subjects with an internal locus of control orientation. The hypothesis was confirmed in that external subjects required significantly more trials to recall correctly death-related words than did internal subjects. The results suggested that locus of control orientation and death-related stimuli interact to produce the interference observed o n the free-recall task.
The artificial bladder: A historical review

The search for the ideal surgical replacement for all or part of the urinary collecting system continues. A wide variety of biologic and nonbiologic substitutes have been tried. Even though much experience has been gained in this area, the use of artificial material remains at an experimental level and needs further development. This review presents the history, problems, and developments of the replacement of the urinary bladder by nonbiologic materials.
Experiments on nonlinear harmonic wave generation from colliding internal wave beams

Abstract Internal waves are abundant in both the ocean and atmosphere. Their propagation and breaking are essential to energy transfer and dissipation. However, nonlinear generation of harmonic waves due to interactions among internal waves of the same scale has not been adequately explored experimentally. When two nonresonant internal waves collide, harmonics are formed at the sum and difference of multiples of the colliding waves’ frequencies, transferring energy from the initial wave beams to the harmonics. Here we experimentally explore interactions between nonresonant internal waves of the same scale and determine the relative kinetic energy transfer to their harmonics for eight unique configurations. We compare the harmonics generated here to those determined through the analysis of Tabaei et al. (2005) [1] and Jiang and Marcus (2009) [2]. It is found that approximately 7–16% of the original relative kinetic energy of the two interacting waves is transferred to the harmonics discussed here. For these configurations this value is more dependent on the relative direction the colliding waves approach each other than on their particular frequencies.
A reflective view of the epistemology of critical inquiry

Rhetorical critics have no consensually acceptable understanding of their enterprise because theoretical discussions of the nature of rhetorical criticism have been conducted from within the stances of the natural attitude. The reflective attitude, in contrast, reveals the shared assumptions and procedures of all rhetorical critics, regardless of their particular theories and methods. The reflective attitude is thus required in formulating an acceptable understanding of rhetorical criticism as a form of experience.
Injection of megavolt electrons into solid dielectrics

Abstract The phenomena accompanying the injection of megavolt electrons into solid dielectrics and the accumulation and release of trapped electric charge are reviewed. Low intensity injection into Corning 7070 glass at room temperature or methylmethacrylate at dry ice temperature have produced stable internal fields of several megavolts per cm with average trapped energy densities exceeding one joule per cc. Storage times extending from a few hours to years have been terminated either by induced disruptive discharges which leave a permanent pattern in the volume or by thermally controlled release of the stored energy. Pulsed high intensity injection of electrons produces similar though more transient effects on a wider range of dielectric materials. Techniques are described for demonstrating the electrostatic deceleration of injected electrons and for measuring the normal and the induced release of the stored energy.
Thermal conductivity and compressive strain of foam neoprene insulation under hydrostatic pressure

The purpose of this study was to show that the thermal properties of foam neoprene under hydrostatic pressure cannot be predicted by theoretical means, and that uni-axial pressure cannot simulate hydrostatic compression. The thermal conductivity and compressive strain of foam neoprene were measured under hydrostatic pressure. In parallel, uni-axial compressive strain data were collected. The experimental set-up and data were put into perspective with past published studies. It was shown that uni-axial compression yielded strains 20–25% greater than did hydrostatic compression. This suggests the need for direct hydrostatic pressure measurement. For comparison to hydrostatic experimental data, a series of thermal conductivity theories of two phase composites based on particulate phase geometry were utilized. Due to their dependence on the porosity and constituent thermal conductivities, a model to predict porosity under hydrostatic pressure was used and an empirical correlation was derived to calculate the thermal conductivity of pure neoprene rubber from experimental data. It was shown that, although some agreement between experimental data and thermal conductivity theories was present, no particular theory can be used because they all fail to model the complex structure of the pores. It was therefore concluded that an experimental programme, such as reported here, is necessary for direct measurement.
The Legacy of Apartheid Racial Differences in the Legitimacy of Democratic Institutions and Processes in the New South Africa

This research investigates whether and to what degree all major racial/ethnic/linguistic groups in South Africa extend legitimacy to the key institutions of democratic governance. This question is important because most democratic analysts argue that subcultural pluralism is inimical to democracy. Based on a mass public survey, the author discovers that support for democracy in South Africa is not widespread; it varies considerably across the major racial/ethnic groups in the country; education contributes to the development of democratic values among whites but not among Africans, “Coloureds,” and those of Asian origin; and the strength of group identities and levels of psychological dogmatism are the strongest predictors of support for democratic institutions and processes. Despite the author's efforts to attribute racial differences to more theoretical processes, race, ceteris paribus, has much to do with how one feels about democracy. This legacy of the apartheid past thus continues to dog contemporar...
Effective diffusivities of BSA in cellulosic fiber beds measured with magnetic resonance imaging

The temporal and spatial evolution of concentration profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in various cellulosic fiber beds is measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Effective diffusivities are calculated using a numerical one dimensional Fickian model to match experimental concentration profiles. Experimental values of the diffusivities are compared with predictions from a simple diffusion-adsorption model which accounts for porosity, tortuosity, and surface adsorption. BSA was found to have negligible adsorption in the concentration range studied, resulting in a simplified diffusion model based on fiber characteristics and geometry. Effective diffusivities agreed well with the predicted values and were within an order of magnitude of the estimated bulk diffusivity of BSA.
A percutaneous biopsy technique for patients with suspected biliary or pancreatic cancer without a radiographic mass.

Background: Treatment of malignant pancreatic and/or biliary strictures requires tissue diagnosis. Since cytologic brushings at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) of these strictures has a poor sensitivity for malignancy (30–83%) (see ME Ryan. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1991;37(2):139–143; and MB Cohen, Wittchow RJ, Johlin FC, et al. Mod Pathol 1995;8:498–502), tissue diagnosis must be obtained by another route. We report our experience of percutaneous biopsy of malignant pancreatic and/or biliary strictures even when no radiographic mass is present.
Smartphone App Use Among Medical Providers in ACGME Training Programs

The past decade has witnessed the advent of the smartphone, a device armed with computing power, mobility and downloadable "apps," that has become commonplace within the medical field as both a personal and professional tool. The popularity of medically-related apps suggests that physicians use mobile technology to assist with clinical decision making, yet usage patterns have never been quantified. A digital survey examining smartphone and associated app usage was administered via email to all ACGME training programs. Data regarding respondent specialty, level of training, use of smartphones, use of smartphone apps, desired apps, and commonly used apps were collected and analyzed. Greater than 85% of respondents used a smartphone, of which the iPhone was the most popular (56%). Over half of the respondents reported using apps in their clinical practice; the most commonly used app types were drug guides (79%), medical calculators (18%), coding and billing apps (4%) and pregnancy wheels (4%). The most frequently requested app types were textbook/reference materials (average response: 55%), classification/treatment algorithms (46%) and general medical knowledge (43%). The clinical use of smartphones and apps will likely continue to increase, and we have demonstrated an absence of high-quality and popular apps despite a strong desire among physicians and trainees. This information should be used to guide the development of future healthcare delivery systems; expanded app functionality is almost certain but reliability and ease of use will likely remain major factors in determining the successful integration of apps into clinical practice.
General relativistic forces

Abstract Einstein proposed his general theory of relativity in 1916 and showed that the rotation rate of the perihelion of Mercury agrees with his theory. Until now, the gravitational lens effect and the gravitational red-shift were the only experimental proofs of Einstein's theory of general relativity. Einstein assumed that the speed of light is an ultimate speed and nothing can exceed it. Even gravity cannot propagate faster than the speed of light. Thus, a gravito-radiative force is predicted as a retardation correction to the Newtonian gravitational force and as a far-field force carried by a gravitational wave (pulse). The gravitational pulse accelerates the orbital motion of the moon and this is detected as an irregularity of the length of day. The theory of the creation of spiral galaxies in terms of the gravito-radiative force generated by colliding black holes is presented. In this theory each spiral galaxy is expected to have 180 ∘ rotational symmetry, therefore, the number of spiral arms must be even. Time-independent Einstein theory predicts anisotropy in the speed of light and an anomaly in the gravitational constant of the deuteron.
Cytomegalovirus pseudotumor of the duodenum in a patient with AIDS: an unrecognized and potentially treatable clinical entity

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common pathogen affecting the gastrointestinal tract in patients with AIDS. We report a case of CMV-induced pseudotumor of the duodenum in a patient with AIDS and review other reported cases of CMV-induced pseudotumors in the gastrointestinal tract. CMV-induced pseudotumor in patients with AIDS is an exceptionally rare clinical entity, and to our knowledge no reports have previously summarized this clinical entity. Methods All previous cases included in our literature review were found using a PubMed search (1980–November 2008) of the English-language medical literature applying the terms ‘CMV infection’, ‘inflammatory mass’, ‘pseudotumor’, and ‘gastrointestinal tract’. The references cited in these articles were examined to identify additional reports. Results Although CMV-induced duodenitis has been described in patients with HIV infection, to our knowledge CMV-induced pseudotumor of the duodenum has not been previously reported in the literature. We describe the first case of an AIDS patient with CMV pseudotumor responding to oral treatment with valganciclovir with complete resolution of the CMV mass. Among reports of non-duodenal pseudotumor reported in the English literature, we found only 14 cases of CMV-induced gastrointestinal pseudotumors in HIV-positive patients. The clinical manifestations, pathologic findings of the CMV pseudotumors, as well as the treatment and outcome of these HIV patients are reviewed. Conclusion CMV pseudotumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal mass lesions in AIDS patients and in other immunocompromised patients. The tumor often responds to antiviral therapy, but resolution of a CMV mass as a result of oral antiviral therapy has not been previously described. Since pseudotumors secondary to CMV often respond to medical treatment, it is important that the physicians treating severely immunocompromised patients are aware of this entity.
Enhancing Prospective Teachers' Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Through Scaffolded, Student-Directed Inquiry

This study examined the impact of a recently revised science course that engaged preservice teachers in a scaffolded, student-directed inquiry unit on local streams. Upon the completion of the inquiry project, the teacher candidates in the stream study classes demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the personal science teaching efficacy (PSTE) beliefs than their peers did in the non-stream study classes. Furthermore, the paper reported how the prospective elementary teachers perceived their understandings of science and the instructional strategies related to the stream study unit. Implications and recommendations for future studies are also discussed.
Haptic exploration of tools: Insight into the processes that drive haptic exploration in preschool-aged children

Abstract Adults’ haptic exploratory abilities are efficient and systematic. Associations exist between specific patterns of movement and a person's desired perceptual information (i.e., perceptual goals). These specific movements are called Exploratory Procedures. The development of Exploratory Procedures remains unclear. Young children execute Exploratory Procedures following explicitly given goals, but not implicitly given goals. The present study furthers our knowledge of how implicitly given goals in the context of tool use affect children's exploratory behavior. During haptic only exploration, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds and adults verbally indicated if spoons with varied bowl sizes could transport a piece of candy, and sticks of varied rigidity could mix a substance. Five-year-olds and adults varied their exploration patterns as a function of task (transporting or mixing), but younger children did not. Specifically, the older participants executed the anticipated Exploratory Procedures in each task, suggesting that implicit tool knowledge organized exploration.
Initial Investigation into the Protection of Manufactured-Home Parks from Hurricanes Using Wind-Deflection Barriers

AbstractParks containing manufactured homes and trailers exist in the hurricane-prone areas of the southern United States. Homes in these parks may suffer heavy damage from high-speed winds. This paper’s objective is to present a methodology and to provide suggestions to the engineering community and protection agencies such as FEMA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) about a method to lessen damage to groups of manufactured homes. To support the development of this methodology with analysis, an unsteady, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes computational tool was employed to model a manufactured-home park to evaluate how well a wind barrier installed along its upwind periphery could establish skimming flow over all the buildings in the park. A manufactured-home park that had existed in Punta Gorda, Florida, was studied because satellite pictures before and after it was heavily damaged by Hurricane Charley on August 13, 2004, were available. Computations were performed using a computer program and th...
Osteobiography of a high‐status burial from the lower Río Verde Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico

This paper presents the osteobiography of an individual from an early complex society who was clearly of “special” social status but was not classified a ruling elite. Our case derives from a unique burial found at the small site of Yugue, located in the lower Rio Verde valley on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. Burial 14-Individual 16 (B14-I16) dates to the late Terminal Formative Period (CE 100–250), an era of regional political centralization and concomitant social inequality. B14-I16 was interred with several valuable grave offerings. A plaster-backed pyrite mirror was found below his mandible, and his left hand held an elaborately incised flute made from a deer femur. The flute is the only object of its kind known for all of Terminal Formative Mesoamerica. Drawing on the physicality of inequality, we employ osteobiography to assess the social hierarchy. Although B14-I16 was clearly an individual of unusual status in the context of Yugue, he was not immune from the biological assaults that affected people of less distinguished social position at this time. Like his contemporaries of all social statuses, he suffered ill health in the years during which he was weaned. However, a longer weaning period and access to additional resources may have positioned him to endure later illness better than others in this population. Passing the critical transition period at age 6 ½, a time when many children died in this burial site, his adolescent health was better than that of others in this population. Although B14-I16 did have adult responsibilities, he didn't engage in the kinds of physical labour that marked the skeletons of others. The placement of Burial B14-I16 in the middle tiers of the lower Rio Verde valley's ancient social hierarchy provides insight into issues of inequality and status on an individual scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spinal cord injury and protection

Subsequent to traumatic injury of the spinal cord, a series of pathophysiological events occurs in the injured tissue that leads to tissue destruction and paraplegia. These include hemorrhagic necrosis, ischemia, edema, inflammation, neuronophagia, loss of Ca2+ from the extracellular space, and loss of K+ from the intracellular space. In addition, there is trauma-initiated lipid peroxidation and hydrolysis in cellular membranes. Both lipid peroxidation and hydrolysis can damage cells directly; hydrolysis also results in the formation of the biologically active prostaglandins and leukotrienes (eicosanoids). The time course of membrane lipid alterations seen in studies of antioxidant interventions suggests that posttraumatic ischemia, edema, inflammation, and ionic fluxes are the result of extensive membrane peroxidative reactions and lipolysis that produce vasoactive and chemotactic eicosanoids. A diverse group of compounds has been shown to be effective in ameliorating spinal cord injury in experimental animals. These include the synthetic glucocorticoid methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS); the antioxidants vitamin E, selenium, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); the opiate antagonist naloxone; and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). With the exception of TRH, all of these agents have demonstrable antioxidant and/or anti-lipid-hydrolysis properties. Thus the effectiveness of these substances may lie in their ability to quench membrane peroxidative reactions or to inhibit the release of fatty acids from membrane phospholipids, or both. Whatever the mode of action, early administration appears to be a requirement for maximum effectiveness.
The Role of Ligand Binding in the Kinetic Folding Mechanism of Human p21H-ras Protein†

p21H-ras plays a critical role in signal transduction pathways by cycling between an active, GTP/Mg2+ ternary complex and an inactive, GDP/Mg2+ complex. Urea-induced equilibrium unfolding studies [Zhang and Matthews (1998) Biochemistry 37, 14881−14890] have shown that GDP and Mg2+ play essential roles in stabilizing the protein. To probe the mechanism of folding and to examine the effects of these ligands on the kinetic folding reaction, unfolding and refolding experiments were performed at a variety of urea and ligand concentrations. A burst phase intermediate with substantial secondary structure and marginal stability was observed during refolding by stopped-flow circular dichroism spectroscopy. Three subsequent refolding phases were detected using a combination of absorbance, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fastest phase involves ligand binding and appears to directly form the fully folded enzyme. The intermediate and slow phases do not depend on either urea or ligand concentrati...
Religious Differences and the Study of Religions

field of history of religions is at present one of tolerance. The usual emphasis of books in this field is upon the obvious and important similarities to be found between the teachings of the great religious systems of our day. Typical recent titles which illustrate this are World Faith by Ruth Cranston, and David Rhys Williams' volume, World Religions and the Hope for Peace. This point of view stresses that the great founders and teachers of religions uniformly have taught brotherly love and co6peration. Religious persecutions and wars are pointed to as terrible examples of man's selfish actions which are contrary to the true message of all great religions. We are even told that the present chaos in world affairs would be greatly reduced if men only would recognize the basic similarity of all religions, play down any exclusive claim to truth, and work in the direction of a world faith which will meet the
Cleansing the traumatic wound by high pressure syringe irrigation

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the fluid dynamics of syringe irrigation on the efficacy of wound cleansing and the infection rate of experimental wounds. The pressure experienced by a surface following wound irrigation was directly proportional to the pressure within the syringe and the size of the needle. High pressure syringe irrigation effectively removed bacteria from the surface of the wound. reduction in the wound bacterial count resulted in a decrease in the infection rate of tissues. Low pressure irrigation with an asepto syringe did not significantly cleanse the wound of its bacterial contaminants and did no demonstrable clinical merit. On the basis of these studies, high pressure syringe irrigation is being employed routinely in our emergency department for the care of traumatic wounds.
Deposition and characterization of boron nitride thin films

Abstract Boron nitride (BN) thin films have been deposited on single-crystal Si(100) wafers using electron beam evaporation of B with simultaneous bombardment by nitrogen and argon ions. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed the consecutive deposition at 400°C of an initial layer of amorphous BN 20Athick, 20–60Aof preferentially oriented hexagonal BN, and a final layer of single-phase polycrystalline cubic material. The growth sequence of the layers is believed to result primarily from increasing biaxial compressive stresses. Increasing the temperature delays the onset of the cubic phase as a result of increased annealing processes. Increasing the ion momentum lowers the temperature of the onset of this phase.
Lattice Boltzmann method study of Rayleigh instability of a charged droplet

Rayleigh instability of a charged droplet is well known. Although the instability condition was revealed by Lord Rayleigh, how the deformation develops after the unstable state still remains a question because of its dynamic nature. Therefore, a numerical simulation method will help to study the dynamics of the deformation of a charged droplet. In this paper we reported an interesting extension of the multi-phase lattice Boltzmann method to involve the electrostatic repulsive force working on the surface of an individual liquid droplet by means of momentum modification to simulate the Rayleigh instability. The method successfully simulates the Rayleigh instability, in which a droplet is stretched into an ellipsoidal shape when the electrostatic potential exceeds the Rayleigh's threshold, whilst a droplet with less potential than the threshold deforms back to a spherical shape as the static form.
A Statistical Framework for Hierarchical Methods in Molecular Simulation and Design.

A statistical framework for performance analysis in hierarchical methods is described, with a focus on applications in molecular design. A theory is derived from statistical principles, describing the relationships between the results of each hierarchical level by a functional correlation and an error model for how values are distributed around the correlation curve. Two key measures are then defined for evaluating a hierarchical approach—completeness and excess cost—conceptually similar to the sensitivity and specificity of dichotomous prediction methods. We demonstrate the use of this method using a simple model problem in conformational search, refining the results of an in vacuo search of glucose conformations with a continuum solvent model. Second, we show the usefulness of this approach when structural hierarchies are used to efficiently make use of large rotamer libraries with the Dead-end Elimination and A* algorithms for protein design. The framework described is applicable not only to the specif...
176Lu–176Hf and 147Sm–143Nd ages of the Martian shergottites: Evaluation of the shock-resetting hypothesis through diffusion kinetic experiments and modeling, and petrological observations

Abstract We address the age controversy of the shergottite suite of Martian meteorites (∼200 Ma dates determined by 176Lu–176Hf, 147Sm–143Nd, and various other decay systems as opposed to a ∼4 Ga whole rock Pb–Pb date) by calculating the timescales needed to reset Hf and Nd isotopes in clinopyroxene, which is the primary host of rare earth elements amongst the minerals used to compose the 176Lu–176Hf and 147Sm–143Nd isochrons, at the peak- and post-shock P – T conditions likely to have been experienced by the shergottites. It is concluded that impact heating is highly unlikely to have significantly reset the 176Lu–176Hf and/or 147Sm–143Nd mineral isochrons of these meteorites. This conclusion is bolstered by the nature of measured concentration profiles of Cr and Fe across olivine–maskelynite boundaries, and Ti profiles across clinopyroxene–maskelynite/melt interfaces in the shergottite RBT 04262. The lack of any evidence of diffusion in the measured concentration profiles, coupled with the qualitative incompatibility of the measured crystal–melt fractionation trends at these interfaces with the nature of fractionation expected from equilibrium partitioning, provides strong evidence that no substantial chemical exchange took place between the solid and melt phases during peak-shock P – T conditions. Furthermore, we find that the compositional profiles of major elements in coexisting augite and pigeonite are homogenous and reflect a magmatic temperature of 1143 ± 9 °C. We argue that the pyroxene compositions, and consequently the 176Lu–176Hf and 147Sm–143Nd geochronometers, were highly unlikely to have been reset by the thermal effect of a shock event. X-ray mapping of a selected section of RBT 04262 shows no evidence of enhanced grain boundary diffusion. We thus conclude that the ∼200 Ma dates recorded by the 176Lu–176Hf and 147Sm–143Nd geochronometers most likely record the crystallization age of the shergottites.
Oxidative destruction of vesicles of a functionalized surfactant

Both giant and small unilamellar vesicles of functionalized surfactant 1 (potassium O,O‘-didodecylphosphorodithioate) were subjected to oxidation, which converts 1 into disulfide-linked dimer 4 [bi...
Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination enhances antigen-specific immunotherapy at a late preclinical stage of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the T cell mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β cells. Antigen-specific immunotherapies are used to selectively tolerize β cell-specific pathogenic T cells either directly, or indirectly through the induction of immunoregulatory T cells. A key concern of antigen-specific immunotherapy is exacerbating autoimmunity. We compared the T cell reactivity and efficacy induced by plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) administered via intramuscular versus gene gun vaccination in NOD mice at a late preclinical stage of T1D. Whereas intramuscular injection of pGAD65 promoted a predominant type 1 CD4+ T cell response and failed to suppress ongoing β cell autoimmunity, gene gun vaccination preferentially induced IL-4 secreting CD4+ T cells and significantly delayed the onset of diabetes. These findings demonstrate that gene gun delivery of autoantigen-encoding pDNA preferentially elicits immunoregulatory T cells and offers a safe, effective mode of pDNA vaccination for the treatment of T1D and other autoimmune diseases.
Person-centered accessible technologies: improved usability and adaptation through inspirations from disability research

Human-Centered Multimedia Computing (HCMC) has emerged as a field of computational science where human-centered principles of design are core to the creation of multimedia systems. Today's multimedia technologies still largely cater to the "able" population, largely ignoring those with disabilities or "adding-on" accessibility features after development rather than incorporating the principles as an integral system component at the conceptualization and design stages. We propose a methodology to enrich HCMC through inspirations from disabilities, deficits and impairments. We propose a three dimension model, and illustrate how disabilities research can result in a broader impact. Although HCMC does address adaptability to some extent, continuous co-adaptation between the user and machine is important for improved effectiveness and efficiency. We therefore introduce the concept of person-centeredness and Person-Centered Multimedia Computing (PCMC). Through understanding individual users' needs, we can better design and facilitate seamless and implicit co-adaptation in next-generation multimedia technologies. We present three case studies that illustrate the usefulness of the person-centeredness approach.
What Writers Do. The Value of Literary Imagination

of: Richard Eldridge, What Writers Do. The Value of Literary Imagination. In: JLTonline (23.12.2009) Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0222-000907 Link: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0222-000907
Rhetorische Fragen!? Eine Aufkündigung Des Konsenses Über Psalm 88:11-13 Und Seine Bedeutung Für Das Alttestamentliche Reden Von Gott Und Tod

“Wirst du an den Toten ein Wunder tun?" Es besteht ein breiter Konsens in der Bibelwissenschaft, dass die Fragen in Ps. 88:11ff rein rhetorisch sind und sich in ihnen eine grundsatzliche Distanz Gottes zu den Toten ausdruckt, ein “theologisches Vakuum," das nur an den Randern des Kanons, in den apokalyptischen Vorstellungen der Spatzeit uberwunden wird. Der Aufsatz will diesen Konsens in Frage stellen. Ausgangspunkt sind hymnische und prophetische Aussagen uber Jhwhs Macht uber die Scheol (Am 9:2; 1 Sam. 2:6), aber auch Psalm 88 selbst, wo die Distanz zu Gott durch Gott selbst bewirkt ist (v.7 u.a.), also auch durch ihn ruckgangig gemacht werden kann. Hinter dem Konsens steht wohl ein neuzeitlich-naturwissenschaftliches Verstandnis des physischen Todes, durch das die Macht des Todes in Erfahrungen wie Krankheit und Not vom “realen" Tod entgegen Sprache und Vorstellung der Bibel getrennt wird. Religionsgeschichtlich spricht alles dafur, dass mit der Entstehung eines radikalen Alleinverehrungsanspruchs des israelitischen Gottes, also wahrscheinlich seit der Zeit Elias, dieser Gott auch dem Totengott uberlegen ist und also Macht uber Tod und Totenreich hat. Dafur sprechen u.a. Erzahlungen uber Totenerweckungen und Entruckungen, aber auch israelitische Grabinschriften schon der Konigszeit. Die Fragen in Psalm 88 sind also echte Fragen an Gott und enthalten in nuce die spatere Sprache der Auferstehung.
Multiline Stokes Analysis for the Study of Small-Scale Solar Magnetic Fields

Combining observations of spectral lines with different Zeeman sensitivities, it is possible to infer some properties of the small-scale solar magnetic fields. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the diagnostics potential of 14 different spectral lines when used for this purpose. These lines span a broad range of wavelengths from the visible to the near-infrared and have been employed in recent studies of the quiet-Sun magnetism. It is shown here that the visible lines analyzed provide only a rough picture of the unresolved field distribution, but their results are more robust. Infrared lines, on the other hand, have the potential of carrying much richer information on the details of the distribution. However, this depends critically on the sensitivity attained and the analysis performed. The best results are obtained when a suitable combination of visible and infrared lines is employed. The analysis of sample visible and infrared quiet-Sun profiles confirms this assessment and suggests the coexistence of weak and strong fields within the resolution element, which would explain the observational discrepancy that surrounds this issue. Finally, I present a table with optimum combinations of spectral lines for three present or upcoming multiline solar spectropolarimeters (THEMIS, SPINOR, and the TIP+POLIS combination).
Anarchaos and Order: On the Emergence of Social Justice

In this article we explore aspects of anarchism and of chaos theory, suggesting that recent insights advanced by the latter shed new light on the former. The former conceptually explains the import...
The role of epithelium and mesenchyme in the production of a collagenolytic enzyme and a hyaluronidase in the anuran tadpole.

Abstract Remodeling of connective tissue, occurring during amphibian metamorphosis involves the degradation of both collagen fibers and interfibrillar ground substance. The formation of a collagenolytic enzyme by the epithelial cells and the release of a hyaluronidase by the mesenchyme have been demonstrated in cultures of the separated tissue components. Puromycin (which has no direct effect on collagenase) as well as freeze-thawing block the appearance of collagenolytic activity, suggesting either de novo synthesis of collagenase or, alternatively, its activation by some mechanism requiring protein synthesis. Hyaluronidase activity, however, is not inhibited by puromycin and is enhanced by freeze-thawing, indicating that this enzyme is stored in the mesenchymal cells and probably released when needed. A mechanism for connective tissue resorption is proposed in which two different cell types cooperate, each providing a different enzyme capable of attacking extracellular structures in a specific manner.
Source/channel coding of still images using lapped transforms and block classification

A novel scheme for joint source/channel coding of still images is proposed. By using efficient lapped transforms, channel-optimised robust quantisers and classification methods it is shown that significant improvements over traditional source/channel coding of images can be obtained while keeping the complexity low.
Effect of avoidance-avoidance conflict on magnitude of startle: reduced fear during conflict.

Summry.-The present study used 13 male, hooded rats in a within-subjem design to test the hypothesis that a modified avoidance-avoidance conflict situation in a discrimination learning task would evoke a more intense auditory startle reaction than would the absence of such conflict. The presumed mechanism was an increase in drive or arousal, as a consequence cf tLle conflict, resulting in greater startle. The findings were inconsistent with the hypothesis; the startle reactions of animals in a conflict situation were not different from those of animals in a non-conflict situation. Alchough the relationship to the startle reaction of such appetitive drives as hunger and thirst is not clear (Anderson, Sergio, & Ewing, 1982; Fechter & Ison, 1972; Ison & Krauter, 1975; Mellgren, 1969), it has been regularly found that secondary reinforcement stimuli decrease startle (Armus, Carlson, Guinan, & Crowell, 1964; Armus & Snaidowsky-Dolinsky, 1966) and that fear based on footshock with both first- and second-order conditioning procedures increases it (Anderson, Johnson, & Kempton, 1969a, 1969b; Brown, Kalish, & Farber, 1951; Chi, 1965; Davis & Astrachan, 1978; Kurtz & Siegel, 1966). In a theoretical paper by Brown and Farber ( 195 I), it was suggested that both conflict and frustration, resulting from incompatible response tendencies, would increase (aversive) drive and the intensity of an ongoing reaction (startle). While Finger (1941) reported data supporting this view, he used an insuumental response that did not adequately serve to separate associative from motivational (energizing) effects. Guinan (1962) and Bachmann and Armus (1970) attempted to assess the possible motivational effects of conflict on the intensity of the startle reaction to a loud sound. Guinan, using approach-approach conflict, did not find a reliable increase in startle as a result of conflict, but Bachrnam and Armus, using presumably stronger avoidance-avoidance conflict based on electric shock, did find the predicted increase in startle intensity. It is possible, however, that the experimental design used by Bachmann and Armus permitted the animals to be exposed to a more intense fear situation when in conflict. If so, the greater startle magnitude found during conflict might have resulted from greater fear rather than from conflict.
A canonical formulation of dissipative mechanics using complex-valued hamiltonians

Abstract We show that a large class of dissipative systems can be brought to a canonical form by introducing complex co-ordinates in phase space and a complex-valued hamiltonian. A naive canonical quantization of these systems lead to non-hermitean hamiltonian operators. The excited states are unstable and decay to the ground state. We also compute the tunneling amplitude across a potential barrier by solving the dissipative version of the Schrodinger equation. We then generalize the formalism to cases where the configuration space is a curved Riemannian manifold.
Magneto-optical Kerr effect studies of square artificial spin ice

We report a magneto-optical Kerr effect study of the collective magnetic response of artificial square spin ice, a lithographically-defined array of single-domain ferromagnetic islands. We find that the anisotropic inter-island interactions lead to a non-monotonic angular dependence of the array coercive field. Comparisons with micromagnetic simulations indicate that the two perpendicular sublattices exhibit distinct responses to island edge roughness, which clearly influence the magnetization reversal process. Furthermore, such comparisons demonstrate that disorder associated with roughness in the island edges plays a hitherto unrecognized but essential role in the collective behavior of these systems.
Generalized Aminoaciduria in the Magnesium Deficient Rat.

SummaryThe excretion of urinary amino acids, levels of plasma amino acids, and activity of renal ATPase were determined in control and experimentally induced magnesium deficient rats. Urinary amino acid ex-cretion increased significantly during the rogression of magnesium deficiency. This increase involved all amino acids studied. No significant changes were noted in plasma amino acid levels between control and deficient animals. Renal Ka-K ATPase was significantly greater in magnesium deficient rats than in control rats. This study suggests that the aminoaciduria seen in the magnesium deficient rat is a result of renal tubular dysfunction which may have as its basic etiology a disturbance of energy metabolism in renal tubular cells.
Minimum winning coalitions and endogenous status quo

I analyze a stochastic bargaining game in which a renewable surplus is divided among n ≥ 5 committee members in each of an infinite number of periods, and the division implemented in one period becomes the status quo allocation of the surplus in the ensuing period. I establish existence of equilibrium exhibiting minimum winning coalitions, assuming sufficiently mild concavity of stage preferences. The analysis highlights the role of proposal power in committee deliberations and yields a fully strategic version of McKelvey’s (J Econ Theory 12:472–482, 1976; Econometrica 47:1086–1112, 1979) dictatorial agenda setting.
GAGA Factor and the TFIID Complex Collaborate in Generating an Open Chromatin Structure at the Drosophila melanogaster hsp26 Promoter

The upstream regulatory region of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp26 gene includes two DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DH sites) that encompass the critical heat shock elements. This chromatin structure is required for heat shock-inducible expression and depends on two (CT)n*(GA)n elements bound by GAGA factor. To determine whether GAGA factor alone is sufficient to drive formation of the DH sites, we have created flies with an hsp26/lacZ transgene wherein the entire DNA segment known to interact with the TFIID complex has been replaced by a random sequence. The replacement results in a loss of heat shock-inducible hsp26 expression and drastically diminishes nuclease accessibility in the chromatin of the regulatory region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that the decrease in TFIID binding does not reduce GAGA factor binding. In contrast, the loss of GAGA factor binding resulting from (CT)n mutations decreases TFIID binding. These data suggest that both GAGA factor and TFIID are necessary for formation of the appropriate chromatin structure at the hsp26 promoter and predict a regulatory mechanism in which GAGA factor binding precedes and contributes to the recruitment of TFIID.
Soft-X-Ray L 2 , 3 Spectrum and Electronic Band Structure of Chromium

The soft-x-ray ${L}_{2,3}$ emission and absorption spectra from pure chromium are shown and the effects of satellite emission and self-absorption are assessed. Features of the ${L}_{3}$ spectrum are discussed in terms of the energy-band structure. Results are evaluated by comparing the ${L}_{3}$ spectrum with the x-ray $K$ and $M$ spectra, with ultraviolet photoemission measurements, and with band-structure calculations. There is good agreement between theory and experiment as to the width of the occupied states, the position of the Fermi energy, and the position of most maxima and minima in both the occupied and vacant portions of the density of states. Some disparities are also observed but they involve primarily the fine features of the structure.
Reading ‘is’ Existentially in Republic 476–80

An existential reading of ‘is’ in the argument at Republic 476–480 is widely thought to be objectionable because it commits Plato to belief in degrees of existence. In this paper, I argue that neither proposed alternative—the veridical reading or the predicative reading—can be reconciled with the text, thus forcing the existential reading upon us. Further, I show that when Plato's doctrine of existence is properly understood, his commitment to degrees of existence is not at all absurd.
Room Size, Organization of Construction, and Archaeological Interpretation in the Puebloan Southwest

The size of architectural space (floor area) is a variable that is readily preserved in the archaeological record, is easy to measure, and has been used in a variety of types of archaeological interpretations, from determinations of room function to reconstructions of social organization. The use of room size in the interpretation of Southwestern pueblos is reviewed here. Assumptions about the meaning of room sizes are explored using data on rooms, houses, and households from the historic Hopi Pueblo of Orayvi. Finally, room size is used, along with other variables, to examine the organization of construction at large, late prehistoric pueblos. Planning and coordination of construction identified at some of these sites suggest a more centralized social system like those of the historic and modern Eastern Pueblos.
THE COMPLETE, TEMPERATURE-RESOLVED EXPERIMENTAL SPECTRUM OF ETHYL CYANIDE (CH3CH2CN) BETWEEN 210 AND 270 GHz

This paper reports the extension of a previously reported experimental method for the identification and characterization of astrophysical weeds in millimeter and submillimeter spectra to the widely used 210-270 GHz atmospheric window. At 300 K, these spectra contain contributions from approximately 40 vibrational states in addition to the cataloged ground state. The quantum mechanical analysis of such a large number of states would be a formidable challenge due to the complex interactions among these dense vibrational states. A new heterodyne receiver-based system is reported, as well as its intensity calibration. Results are presented in the standard astrophysical catalog format as well as our previously described point-by-point format that is effective for the characterization of blends. We also describe and validate an additional spectral synthesis approach, based on the much smaller line list catalog, which is useful in the blended line limit.
Microanalysis of clouding process at the single droplet level

Abstract We have applied laser tweezers equipped with a position sensitive photodetector (PSD) to investigate the clouding process in individual droplets with micrometer to nanometer in radius. The employment of PSD ensures a highly sensitive and non-intrusive detection for micro or nanodroplets. Systems as diverse as triethylamine (TEA, a small molecule), poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM, a polymer), and protein elastin, have been studied using this method. Compared to widely used approaches such as UV–vis determination of clouding temperature, our methods have shown an improvement of at least two orders of magnitude in detection limit. The trapping of droplet by laser tweezers creates a wall-less environment to prevent surface effects. In addition, it avoids gravity implications that interfere with bulk investigations on the clouding transition. The capability of our method is further demonstrated by an unambiguous observation that PNIPAM droplets in the clouding process grow through intermolecular aggregation after following coil to globule transition in the polymer.
Suppression of heavy-truck driver-seat vibration using sliding-mode control and quantitative feedback theory

AbstractThe current paper presents a robust control method that combines sliding-mode control (SMC) and quantitative feedback theory (QFT) for designing a driver seat of a heavy vehicle to reduce driver fatigue. A mathematical model is considered to analyse tracking control characteristics through computer simulation in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology. The SMC is used to track the trajectory of the desired motion behaviour of the seat. However, when the system enters into sliding regime, chattering occurs owing to switching delays as well as vehicle system vibrations. The chattering is eliminated with the introduction QFT inside the boundary layer to ensure smooth tracking. Furthermore, using SMC alone requires higher actuator forces for tracking than using both the control schemes together, and causes various problems in selecting hardware. Problems with noise amplification, resonances, presence of uncertainties, and unmodelled high-frequency dynamics can largel...