cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The rapid growth of Egypt’s agricultural output, 1890–1914, as an early example of the green revolutions of modern South Asia: some implications for the writing of global history

The article uses comparative Indian material from British India and later, the Pakistani Punjab to ask new questions of the standard accounts of Egypt’s post-1890 cotton boom. It also argues for the particular relevance of the rich Punjabi green revolution data to the Egyptian case, and more generally, for the rewards to be obtained from an academic dialog between selected aspects of late nineteenth and of late twentieth century globalization. Topics analyzed include the impact of the various agricultural revolutions on social and regional inequalities, the issue of sustainability, the role of experts and the impact on health of long-term environmental degradation.
THE COMPUTATIONAL DIFFICULTY OF ID/LP PARSING

Modern linguistic theory attributes surface complexity to interacting subsystems of constraints. For instance, the ID/LP grammar formalism separates constraints on immediate dominance from those on linear order. Shieber's (1983) ID/LP parsing algorithm shows how to use ID and LP constraints directly in language processing, without expanding them into an intermediate "object grammar." However, Shieber's purported O(|G|2 n3) runtime bound underestimates the dificulty of ID/LP parsing. ID/LP parsing is actually NP-complete, and the worst-case runtime of Shieber's algorithm is actually exponential in grammar size. The growth of parser data structures causes the difficulty. Some computational and linguistic implications follow: in particular, it is important to note that despite its potential for combinatorial explosion, Shieber's algorithm remains better than the alternative of parsing an expanded object grammar.
Minority-carrier transport parameters in degenerate n-type silicon

Direct measurements of the minority-hole transport parameters in degenerate n-type silicon were done by analyzing transient photocurrent in the frequency domain. Minority-hole mobility is found to increase with doping for dopings larger than 4*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/. The ratio of minority-hole to majority-hole mobility is found to be about 2.8 at N/sub D/=7.2*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/. The measured lifetime shows a strongly Auger-dependent mechanism. The extracted Auger coefficient at 296 K is C/sub n/=2.22*10/sup -31/ cm/sup 6/-s/sup -1/, and is in agreement with that reported on other works. Self-consistent checking is used to validate the accuracy of the measured results. >
Satellite image retrieval using semi-supervised learning

In this paper, a semi-supervised technique based on support vector machine (SVM) for image classification and a Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) based searching algorithm to search for similarity of satellite imagery is presented. Given a query image, the goal is to retrieve matching images in the database based on the shape features extracted from satellite imagery data. The experimental results demonstrate superior results based on shape features which provide a better classification accuracy using both support vector machine and the semi-supervised hashing search methods.
Formation of a Ni3O4 Spinel Phase on the Surface of NiO During Electron Irradiation

Structural changes occurring at the surface of NiO during electron irradiation were examined in-situ with a variable voltage high resolution electron microscope. The interaction of the specimen with the electron beam was found to be highly dependent on the state of the surface prior to irradiation. It was observed that by varying the sample preparation conditions, the Ni on the surface of NiO could either be oxidized to Ni 3 0 4 spinel phase or reduced to islands of metallic Ni. The formation of the Ni 3 O 4 spinel phase is in agreement with previous surface science studies, where chemical shift information identified the presence of Ni 3+ species at the surface. This has previously been interpreted as the formation of Ni 2 0 3
Naloxone antagonism of the thermoregulatory effects of phencyclidine

Phencyclidine elicits hyperthermia at low doses and hypothermia at high doses in rats. Naloxone antagonizes both effects. Phencyclidine's effects on thermo-regulation are probably mediated by an interaction with a mu opiate receptor.
Depletion and repletion of biotinyl enzymes in liver of biotin-deficient rats : evidence of a biotin storage system

The quantities of biotinyl proteins in liver of young rats were compared with age-matched controls at intervals during depletion and repletion of biotin. Growth rate and the concentrations of biotinyl proteins previously proposed as mitochondrial storage forms of acetyl CoA carboxylase rapidly decreased in response to biotin deprivation, whereas neither the concentration nor activity of cytosolic acetyl CoA carboxylase was affected. Concentrations of carboxylases active within mitochondria (pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase and 3-methyl crotonyl CoA carboxylase) decreased only after d 28. When biotin was injected into biotin-deficient rats, concentrations of the carboxylases active within mitochondria were restored to control levels within 3 h, whereas the concentrations of putative mitochondrial storage forms of acetyl CoA carboxylase reached normal levels only after 9 h, indicating that the injected biotin was preferentially used for the synthesis of the carboxylases active within mitochondria rather than acetyl CoA carboxylase. Mitochondrial acetyl CoA carboxylase may serve as a reservoir to maintain a normal concentration of cytosolic acetyl CoA carboxylase in liver of rats deprived of biotin and provide biotin, indirectly, to maintain essentially normal concentrations of the biotinyl enzymes active within mitochondria for several weeks after rats were fed a biotin-deficient diet.
Organische Phosphorverbindungen VII. Zur Kenntnis der Reaktion von Phenylphosphin mit Schwefel

Bei der Umsetzung von Phenylphosphin mit Schwefel im Molverhaltnis 1:1 bildet sich Phenylphosphinsulfid, dem die Thionostruktur C6H5P(S)H2 und nicht die isomere Thiolstruktur C6H5P(SH)H zukommt. Phenylphosphinsulfid ist instabil und zersetzt sich unter Bildung von Tetraphenyl-cyclo-tetraphosphin-monosulfid, [(C6H5)P]4S, Schwefelwasserstoff und Phenylphosphin.
Mississippian Paleocean chemistry from biotic and abiotic carbonate, Muleshoe Mound, Lake Valley Formation New Mexico, U.S.A.

Abstract It has been proposed that Phanerozoic variation in the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater has resulted in variation in the primary mineralogies of shallow-water carbonates between aragonite- and calcite-dominated "seas." To test this hypothesis, this study estimates the Mississippian oceanic Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios from the composition of marine carbonate cements and crinoidal carbonate, both of which have been suggested to faithfully record seawater chemistry. The early Mississippian (Tournaisian–Visean) Muleshoe Mound (Lake Valley Fm, Alamogordo, NM, U.S.A.) lends itself well to this endeavor because it contains abundant crinoids and marine carbonate cement. Stable isotope and elemental analyses, as well as cathodoluminescence characteristics, elucidate the diagenetic history of the bioherm and identify the least diagenetically altered materials for reconstruction of paleoseawater chemistry. Isotopic analyses document two diagenetic trends, one meteoric and one burial, diverging from values similar to literature estimates of Mississippian marine calcite (−1.5‰ δ18O, +4.5‰ δ13C). The burial diagenetic trend follows from this origin to more negative oxygen values (−7‰ δ18O, +3‰ δ13C). The meteoric diagenetic trend is defined by a meteoric calcite line at ~ −3‰ δ18O. Similarity of non-luminescent marine cement and non-luminescent crinoid isotopic and elemental compositions suggests that crinoidal carbonate was completely replaced by cement in the marine environment. Average elemental ratios for least altered marine cements are: Mg/Ca = 11 mmol/mol; Sr/Ca = 0.2 mmol/mol; Mn/Ca = 0.2 mmol/mol, and Fe/Ca = 0.4 mmol/mol. Early Mississippian seawater is estimated to have had a Mg/Ca ratio of ~ 0.2–0.3 mol/mol. This Mg/Ca ratio is compatible with the early Mississippian being an interval of "calcite sea" conditions and compares well with the Devonian estimate from marine cements, 0.5, though it is 5–10 times lower than estimates from mass balance modeling. The Sr/Ca for early Mississippian seawater was between 0.5 and 0.9 mmol/mol, which is much lower than previous estimates of ~ 6 mmol/mol from brachiopod calcite and argues for the development of a Sr sink (aragonite?) in the latest Devonian to earliest Mississippian.
Quick calculation for sample size while controlling false discovery rate with application to microarray analysis

Motivation: Sample size calculation is important in experimental design and is even more so in microarray or proteomic experiments since only a few repetitions can be afforded. In the multiple testing problems involving these experiments, it is more powerful and more reasonable to control false discovery rate (FDR) or positive FDR (pFDR) instead of type I error, e.g. family-wise error rate (FWER). When controlling FDR, the traditional approach of estimating sample size by controlling type I error is no longer applicable. Results: Our proposed method applies to controlling FDR. The sample size calculation is straightforward and requires minimal computation, as illustrated with two sample t-tests and F-tests. Based on simulation with the resultant sample size, the power is shown to be achievable by the q-value procedure. Availability: A Matlab code implementing the described methods is available upon request. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
$N$ -Port T-Networks and Topologically Symmetric Circuit Theory

N-port Pi-networks can be extracted directly from Y-parameters. Likewise, two-port T-networks can be extracted directly from two-port Z-parameters. However, it appears that N-port T-networks have not been previously identified for N > 2, a strange topological asymmetry in circuit theory. We introduce the general N-port T-network and illustrate application by synthesis of an N -port T-network lumped model from Z-parameters for a three-port microstrip via to ground on GaAs. The existence of the N-port T-network partially relieves the noted circuit theory asymmetry; however, the T-network is structurally different from the Pi-network. We show that circuit theory becomes topologically perfectly symmetric under an appropriate change of variables when we consider g-parameters and derive circuit theory from the electromagnetically symmetric form of Maxwell's equations. The perfect topological symmetry requires both electric and magnetic (i.e., magnetic monopole) current. Practical application might be possible because effects identical to magnetic monopole current and charge have recently been experimentally observed and reported.
Fluoxetine subsensitizes a nicotinic mechanism involved in the regulation of core temperature

Summary Fluoxetine HCI, 10 mg/kg ip, twice daily produced subsensitivity to the hypothermic effects of nicotine (base), 1 mg/kg ip, after 1 (p<0.02) and 2 (p<0.002) weeks of treatment. Phenelzine sulfate, desipramine HCI and bright artificial light produced the same effect. The capacity of three chemically distinct classes of antidepressants and bright artificial light (a treatment for seasonal depression) to produce this result suggests that effects on nicotinic mechanisms may be involved in the mechanism of action of these treatments. Fluoxetine HCI, a selective inhibitor of the uptake of serotonin (1-3), is an effective antidepressant (4-6). Wong, et.al. ~7) reported that fluoxetine failed to change the c~oncentration dependqnt binding of [~H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate to muscarinic receptors, [JH]-clonidine an~ [~H]-dihydroalprenol to a2-, agd al-, and ~-adrenergic receptors respectively, and [JH]-pyrilamine to Hi-receptors or [~H]-naloxone to opiate receptors. The effects of fluoxetine, and other antidepressants on nicotinic mechanisms have received little attention. Schofield, et.al. (8) and Slaker, et.al. (9) presented evidence that amitriptyline, nortiptyline and imipramine bind to sites on the ionic channel of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAchR). We have studied the effects of four different types of antidepressant treatment on a nicotinic mechanism involved in the regulation of core temperature. These treatments include bright artificial light (a treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder) (10-14), desipramine HCI (a tricyclic antidepressant), phenelzine sulfate (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor), and fluoxetine HCI (a chemically distinct antidepressant which inhibits the uptake of serotonin). We report the effects of fluoxetine on this mechanism here. Methods and Research Design
Self-Efficacy of First-Generation and Non-First-Generation College Students: The Relationship With Academic Performance and College Adjustment

The authors examined whether self-efficacy mediated the relationship between generational status and 2 academic outcome indicators of 192 college students. A mediation effect was not found with either academic performance or college adjustment. However, high self-efficacy at the beginning of the year predicted better college adjustment at the end of the 1st year. For college students in general, high self-efficacy was related to better college adjustment. Recommendations for counselors are discussed.
Quadratic programming methods for reduced Hessian SQP

Abstract Reduced Hessian Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) has been shown to be well suited for the solution of large-scale process optimization problems with many variables and constraints but only few degrees of freedom. The reduced space method involves four major steps: an initial preprocessing phase followed by an iterative procedure which requires the solution of a set of linear equalities, the QP subproblem and a line search. Clearly, the overall performance of the algorithm will depend directly on the robustness and computational efficiency of the techniques used to handle each of these sub-tasks. The preprocessing phase solves a linear feasibility problem corresponding to the original nonlinear programming formulation. This step serves to determine an initial consistent point, to select a nonsingular set of basis variables (required for the definition of the search subspaces) and to identify linear dependency among the equality constraints. We demonstrate how Fourer's piecewise-linear simplex techniques allow us to solve a smaller initialization problem more efficiently than is possible with standard simplex techniques. Also, while the relative number of degrees of freedom in a process optimization problem is generally small, the actual number may become large. In this context, we present a new QP solver, QPKWIK, based on the dual algorithm of Goldfarb and Idnani. A unique feature of this algorithm is that it only requires the inverse Cholesky factor of the Hessian matrix to be supplied. At each iteration, this inverse Cholesky factor is obtained directly using a factorized inverse BFGS formula. The resulting solution technique for the QP subproblem is O(n2) with respect to the degrees of freedom of the problem, as opposed to most existing software which involves O(n3) operations. Further, the unconstrained optimum is dual feasible, which precludes the need for phase I calculations, and makes this method superior even for problems with few degrees of freedom. QPKWIK has been implemented so as to enhance the efficiency of the active set identification and is also able to determine a search direction when infeasible QP subproblems are encountered by relaxing the equality constraints without violating the simple bounds on the variables. Finally, numerical results are included, both to illustrate the advantages of the proposed techniques and to assess the overall performance of the reduced Hessian method. We note that this approach is especially well-suited for process and real-time optimization and demonstrate this on several distillation problems as well as the Sunoco Hydrocracker Fractionation problem.
Relaxation algorithms for MAP estimation of gray-level images with multiplicative noise

The authors present a comparison between stochastic and deterministic relaxation algorithms for maximum a posteriori estimation of gray-level images modeled by noncausal Gauss-Markov random fields (GMRF) and corrupted by film grain noise. The degradation involves nonlinear transformation and multiplicative noise. Parameters for the GMRF model were estimated from the original image using maximum-likelihood techniques. To overcome modeling errors, a constraint minimization approach is suggested for estimating the parameters to ensure the positivity of the power spectral density function. Real image experiments with various noise variances and magnitudes of the nonlinear transformation are presented. >
The Late Cretaceous anacoracid shark, Pseudocorax laevis (Leriche), from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas

Abstract Eight isolated teeth of the Late Cretaceous anacoracid shark, Pseudocorax laevis (Leriche), from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk in western Kansas are formally identified and described. These teeth were recovered from the bottom half of the Smoky Hill Chalk, which chronostratigraphically ranges from the Late Coniacian (ca. 87 Ma) to the late Early Santonian (ca. 85 Ma). Pseudocorax laevis was likely a small shark, measuring only about 1 m in total length. Like other anacoracids, P. laevis possibly practiced scavenging.
An Accountable Neighborhood Area Network in Smart Grids

Since customer’s monthly electricity bill is charged solely based on the measurement of a power meter, once the meter is compromised or malfunction, the correctness of the bill cannot be guaranteed. To eliminate this problem, we propose an accountable scheme for the smart gird in a neighborhood area network (NAN).
Factors Influencing the Relationship between Buying Plans and Ad Readership

➤Although generally more prospects than nonprospects read ads, little is known of the sources of variance in reader-prospect relationships. This study investigates the effects on this relationship ...
Benefits and costs of agricultural nonpoint-source pollution controls: The case of St. Albans Bay

ABSTRACT: Benefits of a combined program to control agricultural runoff and upgrade municipal wastewater treatment in the St. Albans Bay watershed of Lake Champlain in Vermont are estimated to exceed costs by $1.7 million for the period 1981-2030. Control of runoff from dairy farms in the watershed may increase net farm income due to cost-share payments and more efficient use of manure nutrients. Appreciation in property values and enhanced recreational experiences were the primary water quality benefits. Insufficient information is available to isolate the marginal benefits attributable to the individual control efforts and to determine optimal levels of water quality improvements.
Fluid Motion: More on Kinematics

We continue the study of kinematics by considering, in more detail, the behavior of fluid parcels, by deriving expressions for the volumetric and mass flow rate across surfaces drawn in a fluid, and by developing numerical methods for evaluating kinematical variables defined in terms of derivatives or integrals of the velocity. Conservation of mass required by thermodynamics, and physical conditions imposed at boundaries introduce mathematical constraints that motivate the description of a flow in terms of ancillary functions that expedite analysis and numerical computation.
Treatment of oil quality problems for 500 kV transformers

The oil quality of 11 sets of 500 kV transformers manufactured by different countries is analyzed,as well as the problems in blending of domestically-made oil and imported oil.The analysis provides useful data for future study,such as oil adding and changing for 500 kV transformers,the consequent changes that may occur to the transformers,the hidden troubles of the equipment,and monitoring and management of 500 kV transformer oil.
Metabolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Pathophysiologic Insights From Metabolomic Profiling

Metabolic impairment is an intrinsic component of heart failure (HF) pathophysiology. Although initially conceived as a myocardial defect, metabolic dysfunction is now recognized as a systemic process with complex interplay between the myocardium and peripheral tissues and organs. Specifically, HF-associated metabolic dysfunction includes alterations in substrate utilization, insulin resistance, defects in energy production, and imbalanced anabolic-catabolic signaling leading to cachexia. Each of these metabolic abnormalities is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with HF; however, their detection and therapeutic management remains challenging. Given the difficulty in obtaining human cardiac tissue for research purposes, peripheral blood metabolomic profiling, a well-established approach for characterizing small-molecule metabolite intermediates from canonical biochemical pathways, may be a useful technology for dissecting biomarkers and mechanisms of metabolic impairment in HF. In this review, metabolic abnormalities in HF will be discussed with particular emphasis on the application of metabolomic profiling to detecting, risk stratifying, and identifying novel targets for metabolic therapy in this heterogeneous population.
Cells to Surgery Quiz: December 2015

1. A 5-month-old girl presents with a compound hemangioma with ulceration on the upper arm. Her mother is concerned that it is increasing in size and becoming painful. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is chosen to treat the hemangioma. The effect of the PDL on infantile hemangiomas (IHs) may be associated with which of the following: a. Upregulation of the rate of apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. b. Downregulation of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after PDL treatment in children with IHs. c. Downregulation of VEGF messenger RNA expression in HUVECs. d. Ultrastructural cellular changes such as chromatin condensation. e. All of the above. Cells to Surgery Quiz: December 2015 Vidhi V. Shah1, Stephanie Mlacker1, Adam S. Aldahan1, Mohammed Alsaidan1, Sahal Samarkandy1 and Keyvan Nouri1 Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2015) 135, e20. doi:10.1038/jid.2015.395
Mechanisms and factors of early pregnancy wastage in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer patients

Although the pregnancy rate per transfer of the Norfolk In Vitro Fertilization–Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) program has been reported as between 25% and 35%, the viable pregnancy rate per transfer is only 15% to 20%. An understanding of the mechanism(s) and etiologic factors of miscarriage among IVF patients might suggest changes that could prevent some early pregnancy wastage. Forty-seven consecutive single pregnancies and 26 miscarriages (October 1985 to November 1986) were included in this study. Factors such as implantation time, date of corpus luteum rescue (CLR), embryo quality, and corpus luteum activity after rescue were studied and compared between term pregnancy and miscarriage groups. Results are discussed in detail in this paper.
Salado Multiple Interments

ABSTRACTRecent excavations in the Tonto Basin identified evidence for previously unrecognized Classic Period Salado burial practices. Large burial crypts at certain sites contained the articulated remains of as many as nine individuals. It is suggested here that these mass burials resulted from mortuary practices in which some deceased community members were kept for a period of time in specialized rooms and eventually buried together in a single grave. Four lines of evidence support this possibility.
The Decreasing Excludability of Digital Music: Implications for Copyright Law:

Since the advent of the file-sharing program Napster in June of 1999, copyright infringement has plagued the recorded music industry. We review the evidence on piracy and its effect on record indus...
THE MANAGEMENT OF BONE DEFECTS OF THE FOREARM AFTER TRAUMA

In summary, the authors believe that traumatic bone defects of the diaphyseal forearm, fewer than 6 cm in length, can be well managed with corticocancellous bone grafting, provided the patient has an adequate soft-tissue envelope. In cases of soft-tissue compromise, primary bone grafting is still the treatment of choice, combined with simultaneous soft-tissue coverage. This does not exclude the use of immediate primary shortening. Traumatic bone defects larger than 6 cm can best be managed with osteoseptocutaneous free fibular graft with excellent functional and cosmetic results. The creation of a one-bone forearm is rarely necessary, but remains a treatment option for an otherwise unsalvageable extremity. Osteo-articular defects can be more difficult to manage. Proximal osteo-articular defects of the radial head can be treated with excision or placement of a titanium radial head prosthesis. Distal osteo-articular defects may be better addressed in the case of radial bone loss by primary wrist fusion and, in the ulna, by a primary Darrach or Suave-Kapandji procedure.
Biomechanical Implications of Training Volume and Intensity in Aging Runners.

ABSTRACTRunning speed is slower in middle-age compared with younger runners due to reduced ankle but not hip and knee kinetic output. Running-specific training helps attenuate age-related declines in measures of endurance, muscle strength, and gait speed. Considering the adaptability of the human bo
Expression of macrophage genes within skeletal muscle correlates inversely with adiposity and insulin resistance in humans.

Local inflammation in obese adipose tissue has been shown to contribute to insulin resistance; however, the role of macrophage infiltration within skeletal muscle is still debatable. This study aim...
JACC: Basic to Translational Science: Adding the Arc of Discovery to the JACC Family.

![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] The inaugural edition of JACC: Basic to Translational Science, the newest of the JACC family of journals—the only open access JACC journal—was published online March 2, 2016. Given the recent proliferation of cardiovascular journals, it is appropriate to
Excitation of O2 1?g by electron impact

The total and differential cross sections as a function of energy were calculated for electron impact excitation of the O21Δ g state from the ground 3∑g¯ state. The Ochkur-Rudge approximation was used for the exchange amplitude, which was calculated using Hartree-Fock. wave functions with a Gaussian basis. There is good agreement with the experimental total cross section except near threshold.
Chapter 24: Role of Gap Junctions in Cellular Growth Control and Neoplasia: Evidence and Mechanisms

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in cellular growth control and neoplasia and considers the large body of evidence concerning this role. It also presents a model of how GJIC might contribute to cellular growth regulation. More than three decades ago, Loewenstein and Kanno were the first to hypothesize a role for GJIC in the control of cellular growth and defective GJIC in cancer. This hypothesis was proposed before the first ultrastructural description of a gap junction or the availability of molecular tools to study gap junctions and their protein subunits, the connexins. The hypothesis is a marvel of scientific insights. More recently, the laboratories of Yamasaki, Trosko, Mehta, Naus, Lau, and others have made major contributions to the field. They have been leaders in the validation of the Loewenstein and Kanno hypothesis and the development of this rapidly expanding area of gap junction research.
PX-52, a Novel Inhibitor of 14 kDa Secretory and 85 kDa Cytosolic Phospholipases A2

Previously we reported that PGBx, a prostaglandin oligomer with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibited 14 kDa phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and blocked arachidonic acid mobilization in prelabeled human neutrophils (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1006:272-277, 278–286, 1989) This study describes a new inhibitor of phospholipase A2, PX-52, that also blocks agonist induced arachidonic acid mobilization in prelabeled cells. PX-52, a fatty acid polymer, inhibited hydrolysis of 14C-oleate labeled E.coli by a variety of 14 kDa PLA2S including human PMN, sperm, synovial fluid and disc, as well as porcine pancreas, N. naja, and bee venom in a dose-dependent manner with IC50S ranging from 1.0–3.7 uM. Inhibition of activity was comparable at different Ca2+ concentrations, but was relieved by increasing substrate concentration or by methylation of PX-52. Hydrolysis of [14C]-arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine by 85 kDa, cytosolic PLA2 from U937 cells was similarly inhibited by PX-52, the IC50 = 5 uM. Arachidonic acid mobilization induced by A23187 in prelabeled human PMNs was blocked by PX-52; IC50 = 10–15 uM while concentrations of up to 80 uM oleate had no effect. These results demonstrate that PX-52 inhibits the in vitro activity of secretory and cytosolic PLA2s and agonist-induced arachidonic acid release from human cells. Given its ability to block the arachidonic acid cascade, PX-52 may be useful in the control of inflammation.
Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Longitudinal Bone Mineral Content Data From the Iowa Bone Development Study

Abstract The foundation for osteoporosis risk is, in part, established during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, all periods of development when bone mass is acquired rapidly. The relative quantity of bone mass accrued is influenced by both lifestyle and genetic factors, although the genetic component is not yet well understood. The purpose of this study was to use a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with: (1) the sex-specific hip bone mineral content at approximately the age of 19 when the amount of bone accrued is near its peak; and (2) the sex-specific rate of hip bone mineral content accrual during the adolescent growth spurt. The Iowa Bone Development Study, a longitudinal cohort study exploring bone health in children, adolescents, and young adults was the source of data. From this cohort, n = 364 (190 females, 174 males) participants were included in GWA analyses to address (1) and n = 258 participants (125 females and 133 males) were included in GWA analyses to address (2). Twenty SNPS were detected having p
Weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in underweight women with twin gestations.

Background: Adherence to minimum weight gain recommendations in twin pregnancies as defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes; however, th...
Effect of an Elementary School Walking Program on Physical Activity and Classroom Behavior

This study examined the effect of a physical activity program on student activity during recess and on disruptive classroom behavior. The program was implemented during recess for 5 weeks in a rural elementary school. Prior to and during the program, teachers recorded observations of sedentary students during recess and of disruptive classroom behavior before and after recess. The number of sedentary students during recess decreased significantly during the program (p < .05) and classroom behavior significantly improved after recess (p < .001), differences that were not seen prior to the start of the program. Physical activity initiatives can improve student participation in physical activity during recess while costing little and maintaining student choice. Increased physical activity during recess improves children’s ability to meet daily activity recommendations and may improve the classroom environment by decreasing disruptive behaviors. Subscribe to TPE
GAG Builder: a web-tool for modeling 3D structures of glycosaminoglycans

Here we report the launch of a web-tool (the GLYCAM-Web GAG Builder, www.glycam.org/gag) for the rapid and straightforward prediction of 3D structural models for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The tool provides the user with coordinate files (PDB format) for use in visualization, as well as files for performing MD simulation with the AMBER software package. Counter ions and water may also be added as desired. The tool is designed with the non-expert in mind, and as such has implemented typical default values for structural parameters, which the user may change if desired. Multiple GAG types are supported, including Heparin/Heparan Sulfate, Chondroitin Sulfate, Dermatan Sulfate, Keratan Sulfate, and Hyaluronan; however, the user may alter the default sulfation patterns to create novel sequences. The common non-natural unsaturated uronic acid (ΔUA) and its sulfated derivative are also supported.
Intra-Industry Uncertainty and Firm Valuation

This article documents evidence that intra-industry uncertainty has a positive relation with firm valuation. Specifically, the reduction of intra-industry uncertainty about firm future profitability leads to a decline of firm ME/BE ratios over time. The authors find that the positive relation is more prominent for firms in high-tech sectors and those with intensive product market competition. Their results are robust to the control of firm-level uncertainty and alternative measures of intra-industry uncertainty. TOPICS:Fundamental equity analysis, statistical methods
Association of Coworker Reports About Unprofessional Behavior by Surgeons With Surgical Complications in Their Patients.

Importance For surgical teams, high reliability and optimal performance depend on effective communication, mutual respect, and continuous situational awareness. Surgeons who model unprofessional behaviors may undermine a culture of safety, threaten teamwork, and thereby increase the risk for medical errors and surgical complications. Objective To test the hypothesis that patients of surgeons with higher numbers of reports from coworkers about unprofessional behaviors are at greater risk for postoperative complications than patients whose surgeons generate fewer coworker reports. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study assessed data from 2 geographically diverse academic medical centers that participated in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and recorded and acted on electronic reports of safety events from coworkers describing unprofessional behavior by surgeons. Patients included in the NSQIP database who underwent inpatient or outpatient operations at 1 of the 2 participating sites from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2016, were eligible. Patients were excluded if they were younger than 18 years on the date of the operation or if the attending surgeon had less than 36 months of monitoring for coworker reports preceding the date of the operation. Data were analyzed from August 8, 2018, through April 9, 2019. Exposures Coworker reports about unprofessional behavior by the surgeon in the 36 months preceding the date of the operation. Main Outcomes and Measures Postoperative surgical or medical complications, as defined by the NSQIP, within 30 days of the operation. Results Among 13 653 patients in the cohort (54.0% [7368 ] female; mean [SD] age, 57 [16] years) who underwent operations performed by 202 surgeons (70.8% [143] male), 1583 (11.6%) experienced a complication, including 825 surgical (6.0%) and 1070 medical (7.8%) complications. Patients whose surgeons had more coworker reports were significantly more likely to experience any complication (0 reports, 954 of 8916 [10.7%]; ≥4 reports, 294 of 2087 [14.1%];P Conclusions and Relevance Patients whose surgeons had higher numbers of coworker reports about unprofessional behavior in the 36 months before the patient’s operation appeared to be at increased risk of surgical and medical complications. These findings suggest that organizations interested in ensuring optimal patient outcomes should focus on addressing surgeons whose behavior toward other medical professionals may increase patients’ risk for adverse outcomes.
White Rabbit Time and Frequency Transfer Over Wireless Millimeter-Wave Carriers

We demonstrate time and frequency transfer using a White Rabbit (WR) time transfer system over millimeter-wave (mm-wave) 71–76 GHz carriers. To validate the performance of our system, we present overlapping Allan deviation (ADEV), time deviation (TDEV), and phase statistics. Over mm-wave carriers, we report an ADEV of ${7.1}\times {10}^{-{12}}$ at 1 s and a TDEV of <10 ps at 10 000 s. Our results show that after 4 s of averaging, we have sufficient precision to transfer a cesium atomic frequency standard. We analyze the link budget and architecture of our mm-wave link and discuss possible sources of phase error and their potential impact on the WR frequency transfer. Our data show that WR can synchronize new network architectures, such as physically separated fiber-optic networks, and support new applications, such as the synchronization of intermittently connected platforms. We conclude with recommendations for future investigation, including cascaded hybrid wireline and wireless architectures.
Efficient generation of error-inducing floating-point inputs via symbolic execution

Floating point is widely used in software to emulate arithmetic over reals. Unfortunately, floating point leads to rounding errors that propagate and accumulate during execution. Generating inputs to maximize the numerical error is critical when evaluating the accuracy of floating-point code. In this paper, we formulate the problem of generating high error-inducing floating-point inputs as a code coverage maximization problem solved using symbolic execution. Specifically, we define inaccuracy checks to detect large precision loss and cancellation. We inject these checks at strategic program locations to construct specialized branches that, when covered by a given input, are likely to lead to large errors in the result. We apply symbolic execution to generate inputs that exercise these specialized branches, and describe optimizations that make our approach practical. We implement a tool named FPGen and present an evaluation on 21 numerical programs including matrix computation and statistics libraries. We show that FPGen exposes errors for 20 of these programs and triggers errors that are, on average, over 2 orders of magnitude larger than the state of the art.
Validation of an International Classification of Disease, 10th revision coding adaptation for the Charlson Comorbidity Index in United States healthcare claims data.

Purpose An International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) adaptation had not been previously developed and validated for United States (US) healthcare claims data. Many researchers use the Canadian adaption by Quan et al. (2005), not validated in US data. We sought to evaluate the predictive validity of a US ICD-10 CCI adaptation in US claims and compare it with the Canadian standard. Methods Diverse patient cohorts (rheumatoid arthritis, hip/knee replacement, lumbar spine surgery, acute myocardial infarction [AMI], stroke, pneumonia) in the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases were linked with the IBM MarketScan Mortality file. Predictive performance was measured using c-statistics for binary outcomes (1-year and postoperative mortality, in-hospital complications) and root mean square prediction error (RMSE) for continuous outcomes (1-year all-cause medical costs, index hospitalization costs, length of stay [LOS]), after adjusting for age and sex. C-statistics were compared by the method of DeLong and colleagues (1988); RMSEs, by resampling. Results C-statistics were generally high (≥ ~ 0.8) for mortality but lower for in-hospital complications (~0.6-0.7). RMSEs for costs and hospitalization LOS were relatively large and comparable to standard deviations. Results were similar overall between the US and Canadian adaptations, with relative differences typically Conclusions This US-based coding adaptation and a previously published Canadian adaptation resulted in similar predictive ability for all outcomes evaluated but may have different construct validity (not evaluated in our study). We recommend using adaptations specific to the country of data origin based on good research practice.
Combating Violence Against Anti-Polio Campaigns In Pakistan

Poliomyelitis has reemerged as a major global public health problem after being on the brink of eradication. Pakistan, especially its northwestern region, has been identified as the biggest hub of this resurgence. Here, the fight against polio has borne the brunt of the ongoing conflict between the State and the Taliban insurgents. At least 76 polio workers have been killed by the Taliban in order to frustrate anti-polio efforts. As the insurgents have broader militant objectives behind their actions, the Pakistani state should devise an urgent and comprehensive strategy to stop the polio spread. A two-pronged approach can be applied to address this problem. In conflict-prone areas, grassroots level awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate the people about the benefits of the polio vaccine. Meanwhile, in the rest of Pakistan, anti-polio vaccination efforts should be intensified for herd immunity. Additionally, the maximum level of security possible against potential insurgent attacks should be provided for the field vaccination teams.
Sustainability-focused innovation in the business-to-business context: Antecedents and managerial implications

Abstract Although researchers and managers have examined various business outcomes of sustainability, the literature offers little insight into how firms could cultivate a higher level of sustainability focus in their NPD endeavors. Drawing upon the literature on sustainability and new product innovation and using a competency-based and dynamic capabilities perspective as the theoretical lens, this study develops a model of key antecedents to sustainability-focused innovation. Data from a survey of managers in 228 business-to-business firms suggest that 1) a higher level of global focus is associated with greater sustainability-focused innovation, 2) open innovation exhibits a curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) relationship with sustainability-focused innovation such that the influence of open innovation is positive at a moderate level but diminishes when open innovation becomes excessive, 3) the relationship between open innovation and sustainability-focused innovation is contingent on a firm’s innovation strategy, and 4) sustainability-focused innovation is positively related to a firm’s NPD performance.
Flowable fill using waste foundry sand: A substitute for compacted or stabilized soil

Flowable fill is generally a mixture of sand, fly ash, a small amount of cement, and water. Sand is the major component of most flowable fill mixes; consequently, using a waste material as a substitute for natural sand results in the beneficial use of the waste material. Waste foundry sand (WFS) was used as a fine aggregate in this study. Three green sands from ferrous foundries and two class F fly ashes were used. The flow behavior, hardening characteristics, ultimate strength behavior, and permeability characteristics of flowable fill were investigated. The penetration resistance necessary to sustain walkability as the fresh flowable fill hardens was determined. The pH of pore solution of hardened flowable fill indicated that the potential for corrosivity is low. The toxicity tests indicated that some WFSs are environmentally safe.
Anticoagulants in acute myocardial infarction. The failure of anticoagulants to alter mortality in a randomized series.

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of anticoagulation therapy on mortality and morbidity in 147 consecutive male patients with acute myocardial infarction was evaluated. 2. 2. The patients were divided into three groups: those adequately anticoagulated, those inadequately anticoagulated, and those not anticoagulated. The patients were randomly assigned, and the groups were shown to be comparable, except for an increased incidence of a history of previous heart failure in the untreated group. 3. 3. There was no significant reduction in mortality in the anticoagulated groups when compared to the control group. 4. 4. The incidence of thromboemboli was too low to be of significance in assessing the effects of anticoagulants as antithrombotic agents. 5. 5. We conclude from this study that routine anticoagulation therapy is not indicated in acute myocardial infarction, and that factors other than those affected by anticoagulants determine the prognosis in this disease.
Fluoroscopic-Assisted Olecranon Fracture Repair in Three Dogs

Olecranon fractures in dogs are often both comminuted and intra-articular. Anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation are thus paramount to achieving primary bone healing and mitigating the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Intraoperative fluoroscopy can be useful to confirm accurate fracture reduction and facilitate precise implant placement, potentially reducing the surgical exposure required and additional trauma. Despite widespread use in human surgery, reports of fluoroscopic-assisted fracture repair in dogs are limited. Presented here are three dogs in which intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to facilitate accurate olecranon fracture reduction and implant positioning. The olecranon fractures appeared to heal by primary bone union, although the anconeal process failed to obtain osseous union in one dog. Despite the development of mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis in all three dogs, and the nonunion of the anconeal process in one dog, the clinical outcome was considered successful with all dogs subjectively free of lameness at long-term follow-up evaluation. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was found to be a useful modality during fracture reduction and implant placement in dogs with olecranon fractures.
The efficacy of the Pavlik harness, the Craig splint and the von Rosen splint in the management of neonatal dysplasia of the hip

We have reviewed the outcome of 134 hips in 96 children with Graf type-III or type-IV dysplasia of the hip on ultrasound examination. We treated 28 affected hips in 22 children with the Craig splint, 43 hips in 30 children with the Pavlik harness, and 26 hips in 16 children with the von Rosen splint. A total of 37 affected hips in 28 children was not splinted. All children were less than three months of age at referral. Those treated with the von Rosen splint had a significantly better ultrasound appearance at 12 to 20 weeks of age and fewer radiological abnormalities than those not splinted or treated with the Pavlik harness. In the von Rosen group no hip required further treatment with an abduction plaster or operation compared with ten in the Pavlik harness group, three in the Craig splint group and eight in the group without splintage. Our results suggest that the von Rosen splint is more likely to improve the outcome of neonatal dysplasia of the hip and a definitive, large-scale randomised trial is therefore indicated.
AMINO ACIDS AS SOURCES OF NITROGEN FOR ORCHID EMBRYOS

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