cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Interhelical Ionic Interactions in Myosin Rod Assembly

Abstract Interhelical electrostatic interactions at specific heptad positions can regulate dimerization specificity of α-helical coiled-coils. We have analyzed 20 vertebrate myosin sequences from a variety of organisms and tissues in order to determine if interhelical ionic interactions correlate with the observed myosin dimerization specificity. We find that the sites for potential interhelical ion pairing are identical in virtually all sarcomeric myosins whether they form homo- or heterodimers. We also show that smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin rod sequences exhibit a different conserved pattern of potential interhelical ion pairing. These observations suggest that myosin rod residues involved in interhelical electrostatic interactions do not regulate dimerization specificity, but may contribute to the specific arrangements of myosin molecules that determine differences in the filament morphology of sarcomeric and non-sarcomeric muscles.
Relation Between Pulmonary Arterial Pressure and Pleural Pressure During the Acute Asthmatic Attack

We suggest that the acute asthmatic attack can be characterized as follows. The segmental and smaller bronchi become markedly constricted with a tendency toward complete closure. The constriction can be opposed by an increase in the static transpulmonary pressure which increases the distending pressure of the bronchi. The increase in distending pressure is brought about by the patient breathing nearer his total lung capacity. If he can breathe at a high enough level, the bronchi approach their original dimensions. Even so, during forced expirations these same airways have a tendency to collapse more readily than normal bronchi as the pressure within them falls relative to the pleural pressure with increasing flow. Breathing much nearer total lung capacity is perhaps the principal cause of the early circulatory and metabolic changes: increased oxygen consumption, increased cardiac output, and pulmonary hypertension. If breathing can occur at a sufficiently high lung volume, gas exchange is unaltered; but some areas tend to remain underventilated with resulting hypoxia.
Non-Abelian gauge theory on a finite-element lattice.

We formulate the equations of motion of a non-Abelian gauge field coupled to fermions on a finite-element lattice. This is done by a straightforward iterative approach, in which successive interaction terms are added to the Dirac and Yang-Mills equations of motion, and to the field strength, in order to preserve gauge invariance, yielding a series in powers of $\mathrm{gh} A$. Here $g$ is the coupling constant, $h$ is the lattice spacing, and $A$ is the gauge potential. A simple, nonlocal, iterative formula is obtained for the interaction terms in the equations of motion. Difference equations which are satisfied by the full interaction terms are derived. On the other hand, the field strength is expressed locally in terms of the potential, in terms of nested commutators. The transformations of the gauge potentials are similarly determined to be series of nested commutators.
Spin trapping of .NO2 radicals produced by uv photolysis of RDX, HMX, and nitroguanidine

In a recent study, evidence was reported of aNO* free-radical formation in single crystals of RDX (I). The . NOz free radicals were produced in the RDX single crystals by uv photolysis at 77 K, but the EPR signal decayed when the single crystals were warmed to room temperature. Similar observations have been reported for . NO* free radicals which are trapped in a frozen matrix (2-4). Such evidence suggests that uv photolysis of the nitramines nitroguanidine [NQ; (H2N)&NN02], RDX [C3H6N606], and HMX [C4HsNsOs] can produce free radicals which rapidly decay before being detected by cw EPR spectroscopy. In this investigation we have employed the spin-trapping capacity of DMSO and DMSO-d, to indirectly detect -NO* free radicals which are generated from NQ, RDX, and HMX by uv radiation at room temperature (5). Nitramine solution samples were prepared by adding either DMSO or DMSO-d6 separately to milligram amounts of NQ, or RDX, or HMX. Typically 1 to 10 milligrams of RDX or HMX or 20 to 30 milligrams of nitroguanidine was dissolved into 1 gram of DMSO or DMSO-d,. (A greater quantity of nitroguanidine was necessary to produce a detectable EPR signal.) A l-ml portion of the nitramine solution was pipetted into a flat cell which was inserted into the EPR TM, r0 cavity. Broadband uv photolysis of the samples in the EPR cavity was accomplished by using a 600watt mercury-xenon lamp. EPR spectra and changes in the NMR spectra were observed only with samples containing DMSO or DMSO-ds solvent plus nitramine. The EPR spectra were recorded by using a Bruker ER 200 D spectrometer. A sample of Mn2+ was used as a g-value reference standard (6). In the first experiment, a sample of HMX in DMSO-ds (0.5% by weight) was uv irradiated in the EPR cavity and the spectrum shown in Fig. la was recorded. This EPR spectrum has 21 lines with unequal intensities. An 14N hyperfine coupling of 12.2 G, a smaller hyperhne coupling of 1.7 G, and a g value of 2.001 (4) are assigned to the spectrum. The intensity ratios for the seven lines of each triplet are 1:3:6:7:6:3: 1. This is consistent with the assignment of the smaller coupling to three equivalent deuterium atoms (I = 1). The EPR signal was detected within 2 minutes after beginning uv irradiation and persisted until the uv light was extinguished. The same experiment was repeated with an 0.5% solution of RDX in DMSO-ds and with an 0.25% solution of NQ in DMSO-d6. Both samples gave the same EPR pattern as shown in Fig. la. When the gain setting was increased by 10X, weak EPR signals
Brain Metastasis: Opportunities in Basic and Translational Research

Brain metastasis is a major public health problem. An alarming increase in the incidence of brain metastasis in patients with otherwise well controlled systemic cancer has drawn attention to this important, yet understudied, dimension of the cancer problem. Today's practicing oncologist encounters
Gender, Entrepreneurship, and the Formal–Informal Dilemma: Evidence from Indonesia

Summary This study analyzes the preferences of entrepreneurs about formality and focuses on the role of gender. Relying on original data collected in Indonesia, we unpack the differences between various types of female entrepreneurs (currently in the informal sector) according to their preferences about formalization. Contrary to the existing literature, we find that female entrepreneurs possess highly nuanced preferences about formalization that are conditional on many factors. The preference for formalization is strongest among female entrepreneurs who are older, married, rural-based, and have recently started their firms. Our work contributes to research that seeks to better understand entrepreneurial preferences and the role that gender plays.
The Absence of the Book and the Future of the Work: Blanchot, Barthelme, and Creative Reading Practice

This paper conducts a close and creative – meaning of creation, concerned with creating – reading of Donald Barthelme's ‘Nothing: A Preliminary Account’ in an attempt to make manifest Blanchot's theory of reading and his notion of the absence of the book. Using Blanchot and Barthelme's critical-creative works, the paper argues that the reader actually creates texts through the act of temporally juxtaposing and orienting works toward and around each other, such that each text is crafted not only by individual reader-psyches but the adjacent texts and reading conditions in which the work is consumed. In this way, texts are bound to temporal readerly circumstance – or, as Blanchot puts it, ‘scriptuary exigency’ – and authors can only conceive of audience speculatively. The paper introduces the Oulipian notion of anticipatory plagiarism and recent theories about deliberate anachronism to illustrate that time in fiction is a fundamental concern of the writer as well as a source of anxiety for the reader. Ultim...
A generalized Einstein relation for semiconductors

Abstract The Einstein relation relates the diffusion coefficient to the mobility and is frequently used in semiconductor device analysis and design. A flux equation governing the behavior of mobile particles in semiconductor material is derived from the Boltzmann transport equation. The particles are assumed to obey quantum statistics. The flux equation provides the formal means for defining the transport parameters D and μ. A generalized Einstein relation valid for any particle density under equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium conditions is derived. The relation is given in terms of Fermi integrals and a scattering parameter. Once the scattering parameter is specified, the Einstein relation can be easily evaluated. The asymptotic limit for degenerate material is also given.
The use of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and trichlorethylene for outpatient pediatric dental anesthesia.

Abstract Trilene is a nonflammable, easy-to-inhale anesthetic agent that provides the excellent signs of anesthesia needed to administer light surgical anesthesia with the precise control required for use on an outpatient basis. Trilene's potent analgesic action, plus the limited degree of other properties one expects from a general anesthetic, makes it an ideal agent for oral surgical procedures on the pediatric outpatient. Endotracheal intubation is not desirable for outpatient anesthesia, and its use should be limited to emergency situations. A nasopharyngeal tube provides a valuable aid for dealing with upper airway obstructions and has few of the hazards of endotracheal intubation. If light surgical anesthesia is employed, Trilene has very few complications, of which tachypnea is the most common. The rapid breathing is a sign of an overdose and is easily corrected by decreasing the concentration of the anesthetic agent. Because of its depressant effect on the myocardium and its tendency to produce arrhythmias, catecholamines should not be used during Trilene anesthesia. The reaction of Trilene with alkali absorbents limits its use to a non-rebreathing system. Preoperative medication is seldom necessary unless a belladonna drug is to be used to control the flow of secretion. Also, a complete blood count and urinalysis are valuable in determining the preoperative physical status of the patient. When administered by a qualified anesthetist with prior training in both hospital and outpatient anesthesia, Trilene provides an excellent anesthetic for oral surgical procedures on pediatric outpatients.
Fractionation of isolated pea nuclei

Abstract A method for fractionation of purified and intact pea nuclei has been devised. Grinding in supersaturated sucrose in the presence of citrate and subsequent differential centrifugation yielded nucleoli,chromatin, ribosomal fraction and nuclear sap as 4 major fractions. These sub-nuclear components have been shown to be cytologically biochemically and functionally distinct.
Reoperative retroperitoneal surgery for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: clinical presentation, patterns of recurrence, and outcome.

Abstract Objectives To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor requiring reoperative retroperitoneal surgery at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, because such patients are poorly characterized. Methods The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center germ cell tumor surgical database was reviewed from January 1989 through April 2001, and the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing reoperative retroperitoneal surgery for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor were identified. The initial presentation, histologic findings, morbidity, and survival were analyzed. Disease-specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results A total of 56 patients underwent 61 repeat operations: 22 after primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and 34 after postchemotherapy RPLND. Left testicular primary tumors were more common than right (33 versus 23), and the most common sites of disease prompting reoperation were the para-aortic and left hilar regions. Teratoma was the most common histologic finding at the time of reoperation. Of 56 patients, 37 (66%) required chemotherapy between the initial operation and reoperation. The overall perioperative complication rate was 27%, and median length of hospital stay was 8 days. Sixty-nine percent of patients required adjunctive procedures at the time of reoperation, the most common of which was thoracotomy. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 67% for the entire group (86% following reoperation after primary RPLND and 56% following reoperation after postchemotherapy RPLND). Conclusions Reoperative retroperitoneal surgery for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor can be performed with acceptable morbidity in select referral centers. Teratoma is highly prevalent in the retroperitoneum at the time of reoperation. A significant subset of these high-risk patients can be salvaged with complete resection.
Indium Phosphide-Based Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors.

The Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) is not a new device. In the late 1940's W. Shockley1 gave the basic ideas and, about ten years later, H. Kroemer2 published the first paper to show the promising advantages of this new structure. The first device applications have been demonstrated in AlGaAs/GaAs materials, taking advantage of the natural lattice match in this system. Currently, high performance GaAs-based HBTs have been reported and the InP-based transistors are still promising. In this paper we will review the reasons why this device has required more than forty years of development and what its future can be in the InP-based materials systems.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Measurement in a marine environment using low cost sensors of temperature and dissolved oxygen

Continuous records of physical parameters of the marine environment are difficult as well as expensive to obtain. This paper describes preliminary results of an investigative program with the purpose of developing low cost time integrating measurement and averaging devices for water temperature and dissolved oxygen.
Parent ratings of behavior in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and IQ-matched controls.

Background: Behavioral disturbances are well documented in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. However, the degree to which these disturbances are related to factors other than alcohol, such as general intellectual functioning or socioeconomic status, is not known. Methods: Using the Child Behavior Checklist, parent-rated behaviors of children with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure were compared with those of a control group matched by age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and verbal IQ score. Using this same questionnaire, children with fetal alcohol syndrome were compared with children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure that did not meet the criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome classification. Results: Data were analyzed by multivariate analyses of covariance. In the comparison of children with and without a history of prenatal alcohol exposure, significant differences were found on the competence, problem, and summary scales (all p 0.10). Conclusions: These results suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure results in the significant and profound impairment of parent-rated behaviors and that these deficits are not explained entirely by the presence or absence of facial dysmorphology, general intellectual functioning, or demographic factors.
Hydropneumomediastinum and Bilateral Hydropneumothorax as Delayed Complications of Central Venous Catheterization

A case of hydropneumomediastinuin and bilateral hydropneumothorax from a central venous catheter is described. The complication is related to the position of the catheter after placement through the left internal jugular vein. Proper placement of a central venous line into the superior vena cava is essential to avoid this serious complication. (Chest 1993; 103:1914-16)
Nuclear Factor I-mediated Repression of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Promoter Is Abrogated by the Coactivators p300/CBP and SRC-1

To better understand the function of nuclear factor I (NFI) proteins in transcription, we have used transient transfection assays to assess transcriptional modulation by NFI proteins on the NFI-dependent mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. Expression of NFI-C or NFI-X, but not NFI-A or NFI-B proteins, represses glucocorticoid induction of the MMTV promoter in HeLa cells. Repression is DNA binding-independent as a deletion construct expressing the NH2-terminal 160 residues of NFI-C represses but does not bind DNA. Repression by NFI-C is cell type-dependent and occurs in HeLa and COS-1 cells but not 293 or JEG-3 cells. NFI-C does not repress progesterone induction of the MMTV promoter in HeLa cells, suggesting that progesterone induction of the promoter differs mechanistically from glucocorticoid induction. NFI-C-mediated repression is alleviated by overexpression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), suggesting that NFI-C represses the MMTV promoter by preventing GR function. However, repression by NFI-C occurs with only a subset of glucocorticoid-responsive promoters, as the chimeric NFIGREβ-gal promoter that is activated by GR is not repressed by NFI-C. Since the coactivator proteins p300/CBP, SRC-1A, and RAC3 had previously been shown to function at steroid hormone-responsive promoters, we asked whether they could influence NFI-C-mediated repression of MMTV expression. Expression of p300/CBP or SRC-1A alleviates repression by NFI-C, whereas RAC3 has no effect. This abrogation of NFI-C-mediated repression by p300/CBP and SRC-1A suggests that repression by NFI-C may occur by interference with coactivator function at the MMTV promoter.
Degenerate elliptic systems and applications to Ginzburg-Landau type equations, part I

This paper has three topics. In Sect. 1, we present our results on the regularity and a priori estimates for solutions ofp-harmonic systems with Holder continuous coefficients. Such systems come up in the study of Ginzburg-Landau type functional in higher dimensions. In Sect. 2, we study a stability inequality, which, in addition to its applications in the study of Ginzburg-Landau type functional, is of independent interest. In Sects. 3 and 4, we prove that for any sequence of minimizers of the higher dimensional Ginzburg-Landau type functional, a subsequence converges strongly away from a finite number of points, generalizing some of the two dimensional results of Bethuel, Brezis, and Helein.
COMBINED EFFECT OF NITRITE AND CHLORIDE ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MEAT AS SHOWN BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Scanning electron microscopy of the ultrastructure of cured beef has shown that the combination of sodium chloride and nitrite effects changes in the interfiber spaces not caused by either salt alone. The effect is attributed to catalysis of the nitrosation reaction through the formation of the more powerful nitrosating species, NOCI.
The crisis of the secular state—A reply to Professor Sajó

The failure of the European Constitution ignited two apparently independent debates: what is the future of European states on one hand; and what is the place of Christian values in the European public sphere. In recent years, the latter question became more and more burning; so much so that the future of European secular states is considered to be very much dependent on its ability to cope with the alleged threat of religion. This paper distinguishes two competing diagnoses of the same problem and suggests that the only way out for Europe is to be committed to a robust form of secularism that does not exclude religious minorities from the public sphere.
Porphyrins and zinc porphyrins in normal and mutant strains of yeast

Abstract The concentrations of various free and zinc porphyrins were determined in normal and mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The chromosomal mutant, pop1, contained a mixture of free and zinc porphyrins; uroporphyrin III was in highest concentration followed by decreasing concentrations of heptacarboxylic, hexacarboxylic and pentacarboxylic porphyrins. The total porphyrin concentration of this single-gene mutant was 60 to 100 times greater than that found in normal yeast. The pop2 chromosomal mutant contained over 10 times normal amounts of free and zinc protoporphyrin. Various cytoplasmic mutants (ϱ−) contained increased concentration of either free or zinc protoporphyrin. Very low concentrations of various free and zinc porphyrins were found in different normal strains. An anaerobic culture of a normal strain accumulated intracellularly a mixture of free and zinc protoporphyrin which was 4 to 5 times more concentrated that the aerobic culture. The anaerobic culture also contained high concentration of coproporphyrin in the medium.
Drug-Induced Alterations of Cytokeratin Organization in Cultured Epithelial Cells

The distribution of keratin intermediate filaments, previously considered static in organization and imperturbable by conventional drugs used to alter the structure and organization of the cytoskeleton, can be altered significantly by treatment with colchicine and cytochalasin D. The loss of microfilaments and microtubules converts the keratin cytoskeleton from a branching, even distribution to a series of starlike structures whose filaments are maintained by multiple membrane attachment sites. These findings provide a means for manipulating cytokeratin organization to investigate the role of keratins in cytoskeletal structure and function.
Walking stability during cell phone use in healthy adults

The number of falls and/or accidental injuries associated with cellular phone use during walking is growing rapidly. Understanding the effects of concurrent cell phone use on human gait may help develop safety guidelines for pedestrians. It was shown previously that older adults had more pronounced dual-task interferences than younger adults when concurrent cognitive task required visual information processing. Thus, cell phone use might have greater impact on walking stability in older than in younger adults. This study examined gait stability and variability during a cell phone dialing task (phone) and two classic cognitive tasks, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Nine older and seven younger healthy adults walked on a treadmill at four different conditions: walking only, PASAT, phone, and SDMT. We computed short-term local divergence exponent (LDE) of the trunk motion (local stability), dynamic margins of stability (MOS), step spatiotemporal measures, and kinematic variability. Older and younger adults had similar values of short-term LDE during all conditions, indicating that local stability was not affected by the dual-task. Compared to walking only, older and younger adults walked with significantly greater average mediolateral MOS during phone and SDMT conditions but significantly less ankle angle variability during all dual-tasks and less knee angle variability during PASAT. The current findings demonstrate that healthy adults may try to control foot placement and joint kinematics during cell phone use or another cognitive task with a visual component to ensure sufficient dynamic margins of stability and maintain local stability.
Physicochemical Methods for Prediction of Functional Information for Proteins

Structural genomics initiatives are determining thousands of new protein structures. Many of these structures are of unknown function, and computational methods for the rapid determination of functional information from protein structure are needed. We present details of how functional information is obtained from the structure using THEMATICS (Theoretical Microscopic Titration Curves). THEMATICS is a computational procedure that gives information about chemical reactivity, based on solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equations for the electrical potential function. We show how anomalies in predicted titration curves are established. We show further that when residues with anomalous predicted titration curves form a cluster in physical space, these residues tend to be very highly conserved across species and such clusters are reliable predictors of the active site. Results are given for ten enzymes; detailed results are shown for the enzymes triosephosphate isomerase (from chicken), 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (from E. coli), and papain (from papaya).
Design, synthesis, and photophysical characterization of water-soluble chlorins.

The use of chlorins as photosensitizers or fluorophores in a range of biological applications requires facile provisions for imparting high water solubility. Two free base chlorins have been prepared wherein each chlorin bears a geminal dimethyl group in the reduced ring and a water-solubilizing unit at the chlorin 10-position. In one design (FbC1-PO3H2), the water-solubilizing unit is a 1,5-diphosphonopent-3-yl (“swallowtail”) unit, which has previously been used to good effect with porphyrins. In the other design (FbC2-PO3H2), the water-solubilizing unit is a 2,6-bis(phosphonomethoxy)phenyl unit. Two complementary routes were developed for preparing FbC2-PO3H2 that entail introduction of the protected phosphonate moieties either in the Eastern-half precursor to the chlorin or by derivatization of an intact chlorin. Water-solubilization is achieved in the last step of each synthesis upon removal of the phosphonate protecting groups. The chlorins FbC1-PO3H2 and FbC2-PO3H2 are highly water-soluble (>10 mM)...
Noise reduction and image enhancement using a hardware implementation of artificial neural networks

In this paper, we present a neural based solution developed for noise reduction and image enhancement using the ZISC, an IBM hardware processor which implements the Restricted Coulomb Energy algorithm and the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Artificial neural networks present the advantages of processing time reduction in comparison with classical models, adaptability, and the weighted property of pattern learning. The goal of the developed application is image enhancement in order to restore old movies (noise reduction, focus correction, etc.), to improve digital television images, or to treat images which require adaptive processing (medical images, spatial images, special effects, etc.). Image results show a quantitative improvement over the noisy image as well as the efficiency of this system. Further enhancements are being examined to improve the output of the system.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Post-translational regulation of calsarcin-1 during pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy

Chronic pressure overload to the heart leads to cardiac hypertrophy and failure through processes that involve reorganization of subcellular compartments and alteration of established signaling mechanisms. To identify proteins contributing to this process, we examined changes in nuclear-associated myofilament proteins as the murine heart undergoes progressive hypertrophy following pressure overload. Calsarcin-1, a negative regulator of calcineurin signaling in the heart, was found to be enriched in cardiac nuclei and displays increased abundance following pressure overload through a mechanism that is decoupled from transcriptional regulation. Using proteomics, we identified novel processing of this protein in the setting of cardiac injury and identified four residues subject to modification by phosphorylation. These studies are the first to determine mechanisms regulating calsarcin abundance during hypertrophy and failure and reveal the first evidence of post-translational modifications of calsarcin-1 in the myocardium. Overall, the findings expand the roles of calsarcins to include nuclear tasks during cardiac growth.
Preentry issues in consultation

Three important issues confront “consultants” before initiating entry to a client setting .These are: Should one do consultation in this situatution? Whose interests will the consultant sever? What will be the primary focus of consultation? Consultants can answer these questions in different ways, and the answers will be determined by a number of factors discussed in the paper. The main argument is that these issues are unavoidable and that consulatation effectiveness will be improved if consultants carefully think through these issues early in the consultation process and remain aware of the stances adopted.
Re-expression of tumorigenicity after attenuation of human synaptotagmin 13 in a suppressed microcell hybrid cell line

Human chromosome 11p11.2 contains a putative liver tumor suppressor locus that was identified using a microcell hybrid cell line-based model of tumor suppression. Transcription mapping of suppressed microcell hybrid cell lines suggests that human SYT13 represents a strong candidate for the 11p11.2 tumor suppressor gene. Other evidence suggests that the putative 11p11.2 tumor suppressor gene (SYT13 or some other) may modulate the tumorigenic potential of neoplastic liver cell lines through direct or indirect regulation of the rat Wtl tumor suppressor gene. To characterize a functional role for SYT13 in liver tumor suppression, we employed RNAi to attenuate SYT13 expression in a suppressed microcell hybrid cell line (GN6TF-ll neo CX4). SYTI3-attenuated cells display aggressive phenotypic properties that are similar to or indistinguishable from the parental tumor cells (GN6TF), including altered cellular morphologies, disrupted contact inhibition, elevated saturation densities, restoration of anchorage-independent growth and increased tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, SYT13 attenuation and re-expression of tumorigenicity in GN6TF-llne°CX4-derived cell lines was accompanied by a significant decrease of Wtl expression. In contrast, the phenotypic properties of scrambled-control cells were similar to the suppressed microcell hybrid cells and Wtl expression was unaffected. These observations combine to establish that: i) human SYT13 functions as a liver tumor suppressor gene that complements a molecular defect in GN6TF rat liver tumor cells resulting in a normalized cellular phenotype in vitro and suppression of tumorigenicity in vivo; ii) RNAi-mediated attenuation of SYT13 expression restores the neoplastic phenotype of GN6TF-11 neo CX4 microcell hybrid cells, consistent with the function of a liver tumor suppressor gene; and iii) loss of Wtl expression is important for the re-establishment of tumorigenic potential by GN6TF-11 neo CX4 microcell hybrid cells after attenuation of SYT13.
The American Revolution and American Security: Whig and Loyalist Views

(1978). The American Revolution and American Security: Whig and Loyalist Views. The Historian: Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 492-507.
Human fetal development between 90 and 170 days postmenses

Linear measurements, total weights, and organ weights of 133 fresh human fetuses were obtained after therapeutic abortion between 90 and 170 days postmenses. Great apparent variation was observed in fetuses of given ages, especially in organ weights. There was no evidence of sex or parity differences.
A preliminary study of the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture containing bottom ash

This paper shows a preliminary study of asphalt mixtures containing bottom ash with a primary focus on the permanent deformation. The objectives of this study are (i) perform literature reviews on ...
An elementary exclusion principle for Michell trusses

Abstract The exclusion optimality principle for Michell trusses established in Figueraoa et al. (2012) [2] is extended to frames which consist of countably many bars or rods. Furthermore, our extended exclusion principle can be applied to any point of the support of the frame under analysis.
Micellization in aqueous solutions of monoalkyl phosphate salts

Abstract The micellization of the mono-salts of octyl, decyl, and dodecyl phosphates and of the di-salts of dodecyl phosphate have been studied in aqueous solutions by conductivity methods. The effects of temperature, salt concentration, counterion type, and chain length have been examined. The mono-salts of the alkyl phosphates show properties similar to those of fatty acid soaps and alkyl sulfates. The di-salts show rather different counterion and temperature effects. The solubility diagrams for the mono-salts are anomalous and are explained in terms of the preferred precipitation of stable solid salts of the composition RPO4H2-RPO4HM where M is an alkali metal.
THYMINE‐DIMER AND ACTION‐SPECTRUM EVIDENCE FOR INDIRECT PHOTOREACTIVATION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI*

— Cells of Escherichia coli B and B phr- were labeled with tritiated thymidine, exposed to inactivating ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm, given photoreactivation (PR) treatment immediately thereafter, and then immediately hydrolyzed and assayed for thymine-containing dimers. It was found that (1) PR treatment of strain B phr- does not split thymine dimers and (2) the amount of splitting of thymine dimers in strain B at 334 nm is only 45 per cent of the amount of splitting observed at 405 nm for the same amount of biological PR. These findings show that all of the PR in E. coli B phr-, and part of the PR at 334 nm in E. coli B, is indirect (does not use PR enzyme) and is not due to thymine-dimer splitting. Action spectra for PR in Escherichia' coli strains Bs-1 and B/r were obtained. At wavelengths below 366 nm (the indirect PR region), PR is relatively much more efficient in strain B/r in logarithmic phase than in strain B/r in stationary phase or in strain Bs-l. This is consistent with the expectation that indirect PR would not be exhibited by strains, such as Bs-1 that lack dark-repair ability, or by certain strains in the stationary phase, such as B/r, which, upon plating, have a ‘built-in’ growth delay that can permit optimal dark repair, but indirect PR would be exhibited by intermediate cases, such as in strain B (which is less resistant to u.v. than strain B/r) or in strain B/r in logarithmic phase. These findings support the hypothesis that indirect PR results from enhancement of dark repair.
Comparative genomic hybridization of estrogen-induced ectopic uterine-like stem cell neoplasms in the hamster kidney: nonrandom chromosomal alterations.

Karyotype and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses were performed to identify nonrandom/consistent chromosomal alterations in solely estrogen (E)-induced primary ectopic uterine-like stem cell tumors in the kidney (EULTK) of the Syrian hamster, using a criterion of >/=20% frequency for nonrandom occurrence. Employing this criterion, EULTK karyotype analysis showed consistent gains in chromosomes 3, 6, 11, 14, 16, 20, and 21. Consistent trisomies were seen in all of these nonrandomly gained chromosomes. Only chromosomes 3 and 6 exhibited appreciable tetrasomies. Chromosome losses were observed consistently in chromosomes 7, 12, 17, and 19. Employing the same criterion, CGH analysis of primary EULTKs showed nonrandom amplified sequences at 1pa1-a4, 2cen-pter, 3pa1-a4, 6qb2-b4, 20qa1-a4, 21qa1-a2, Xqa3-qter and regional consistent losses at 1qc1-qter, 2qb1-c1, 3qa2-a7, 11qb5-qter, 15qa2-a5, 18qa2-a4, and 21pa. Moreover, 88% of the EULTKs examined exhibited amplification of the 6qb2-b4 region, where c-myc resides. The data presented lend credence to the supposition that chromosomal instability (CIN) is elicited by the upstream overexpression and subsequent amplification of c-myc by Es in multipotential interstitial uterine stem cells present in the kidney, thus leading to neoplastic development.
Summary of the CTS Transient Event Counter Data after One Year of Operation

A spacecraft electrical system transient detector has been operating on the joint Canadian-American Communications Technology Satellite (CTS), now called Hermes, since January 31, 1976. This detector, called the transient event counter (TEC), senses and counts transients having a minimum amplitude of 5 volts and a rise time of less than 0.3 ?sec. The transients in three separate wiring harnesses are counted: the attitude control harness, the solar array instrumentation harness and the solar array power harness. Recently, anomalous behavior of geosynchronous satellites has been attributed to the electrostatic charging of spacecraft surfaces by the environment during geomagnetic substorms. Insulating surface materials subjected to high electrical stress by such charging can discharge through electrical arcing. It is believed that the electromagnetic pulses from such discharges can couple into the spacecraft wiring harnesses and result in uncommanded switching of logic circuits, which in turn is responsible for the observed anomalies. The function of the TEC is to count such transients. This report describes the TEC and presents the flight data for a year of operation. A large number of transients have occurred but these have not caused any anomalous electronic switching events in the satellite systems. The character of the transients seems to imply that additional sensors are required to understand the discharge phenomenon on large satellites. The results of this experiment indicate that satellite system immunity to discharge-related electronic switching anomalies can be obtained by filtering out the harness transients.
Alterations in mammary gland development following neonatal exposure to estradiol, transforming growth factor α, and estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780

High fetal/early postnatal levels of estrogen increase breast cancer risk, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Growth factors, such as transforming growth factor α (TGFα), may participate as secondary modifiers in this process. We characterized a modulatory role of early postnatal exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) on the developing mammary gland morphology by treating intact female CD-1 mice with physiological doses of E2 (2–4 μg), human recombinant TGFα (4 μg), or an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780 (20 μg) during postnatal days 1–3. Early postnatal exposure of E2 stimulated mammary ductal growth by days 25 and 35, but by day 50 this was inhibited. The level of differentiation from terminal end buds (TEBs) to the lobulo-alveolar units (LAUs) also was reduced by day 50. The number of TEBs was increased throughout most of the development in the female mice exposed to E2 during early life. An exposure to TGFα or ICI 182,780 between postnatal days 1 and 3 stimulated ductal growth, formation of TEBs, and the differentiation of mammary epithelial structures. ICI 182,80 treatment also caused hyperplastic lobular-like structures in 54-day-old females. Thus, neonatal exposure to TGFα and ICI 182,780 induced both similar (increase in TEBs) and different (increase/decrease in lobulo-alveolar differentiation) developmental changes in the mouse mammary gland, when compared with an exposure to E2. A unique feature of the postnatal E2 treatment was that it inhibited ductal migration by days 50–54. Our data suggest than an exposure to E2 on postnatal days 1–3, possibly combined with secondary epigenetic alterations, leads to various changes within the developing mammary tree. These changes may be potential prerequisites for mammary tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 170:279–289, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Germination characteristics of Zannichellia palustris from a northern California spring-fed river

Abstract The germination characteristics of Zannichellia palustris seeds collected from the spring-fed Fall River of northern California were investigated as affected by temperature, darkness, photoperiod, and light intensity. Darkness significantly inhibited germination; however, once stimulatory light levels were reached, germination time and the fraction of seeds that germinated were neither affected by photoperiod nor light intensity. The effects of temperature were assessed across a range of constant values from 4.2 to 40.8 °C. Seeds germinated at all temperatures except 40.8 °C, while the maximum fraction of seeds that germinated was observed at 24.4 and 29.5 °C, with 69 ± 5 and 73 ± 3% total germination, respectively. Germination times were also fastest at 24.4 and 29.5 °C, where median germination was 9 d. The cumulative spread in germination over time was determined to be log-normally distributed, and was best described by a probit function for both individual temperatures and thermal units derived from linear regressions of subpopulations. These results, which deviate from those reported for Z. palustris in other parts of the world, suggest that Z. palustris may be able to adapt to local conditions, such as cold spring-fed waters as found in the Fall River of northern California.
Analysis of a low-dimensional linear model under recommendation attacks

Collaborative filtering techniques have become popular in the past decade as an effective way to help people deal with information overload. Recent research has identified significant vulnerabilities in collaborative filtering techniques. Shilling attacks, in which attackers introduce biased ratings to influence recommendation systems, have been shown to be effective against memory-based collaborative filtering algorithms. We examine the effectiveness of two popular shilling attacks (the random attack and the average attack) on a model-based algorithm that uses Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to learn a low-dimensional linear model. Our results show that the SVD-based algorithm is much more resistant to shilling attacks than memory-based algorithms. Furthermore, we develop an attack detection method directly built on the SVD-based algorithm and show that this method detects random shilling attacks with high detection rates and very low false alarm rates.
Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for preclinical atherosclerotic disease in a biracial cohort: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Abstract Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a risk factor for clinically manifest coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease in Caucasian and in Asian populations. The role of Lp(a) as a risk factor in blacks has not been described, despite the markedly higher levels of Lp(a) and excess CHD and stroke prevalence observed in middle-aged blacks compared with whites. Further, little information exists on the association of Lp(a) and asymptomatic atherosclerosis in any race or gender group. In this report, 15 700 middle-aged black and white participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study had complete B-mode ultrasound scans of their extracranial carotid arteries. Of the 13 384 individuals with complete B-mode data at the carotid bifurcation, those with mean carotid bifurcation intima-media wall thicknesses at or above the 90th percentile of the population distribution (≌ 1.2 mm) were considered to have carotid atherosclerosis. Lp(a) was measured as its total protein content by double-antibody ELISA for apo(a) detection. Blacks in this study had mean Lp(a) protein values that were twice as high as those of whites (168.9, 147.1, 86.6, and 75.1 μg/ml for black females, black males, white females, and white males, respectively). For all race and gender groups, Lp(a) protein concentrations were higher among individuals with carotid atherosclerosis than for those without. From these cross-sectional data, we conclude that Lp(a) protein is a risk factor for preclinical atherosclerosis as well as for clinically manifest cardiovascular disease. The high Lp(a) levels in blacks, without correspondingly thickened intima-media walls at the carotid bifurcation, suggest that race and gender differences in apo(a) phenotypes, hemostatic activity, or other unrelated risk factors may contribute to this paradox.
87Rb87Sr isochron and 40K40Ar ages of the norton county achondrite

Analysis of seven different portions of Norton County yielded Rb/Sr ratios ranging from 0.15 to 2.3 and permitted the determination of an isochron with high precision. The Rb and Sr concentrations were found to be as low as ∼0.16 ppm. All of the data lie to within their experimental errors on a line in the Sr evolution diagram of slope 0.0654 ± 0.0014, and intercept 0.700 ± 0.002. This determines an age of 4.7 ± 0.1 × 10^9 yr for λ = 1.39 × 10^(−11) yr^(−1). ^(40)K^(40)Ar ages on samples containing 42, 53 and 107 ppm K gave ages of 4.2 – 4.5 × 10^9 yr which are compatible with the Rb-Sr age. The K appears to be concentrated in alkali feldspar grains of about 5–50 microns. The ^(87)Rb^(87)Sr age and primary ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr value is of sufficient precision to permit the age resolution of meteoritic objects which were formed 0.3 × 10^9 yr apart. No evidence of element redistribution was found for Norton Country as indicated by the consistency of our Rb-Sr and K-Ar results.
Preferred conformations of the gas phase complex between Li + and a model macrocycle tetraamide

Abstract The gas-phase binding of Li + by a model macrocycle tetraamide, via its amide C O groups, is investigated using ab initio methods. The macrocycle ligand contains four amide units linked by alternating phenyl and ethenyl groups. Geometries and vibrational frequencies for the complexes are obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Geometries are further optimized at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. Interaction energies, corrected for basis set superposition error, are evaluated using the MP2 method with the 6-31+G(d) and 6-311+G(d) basis sets. It is found that the model tetraamide presents enough flexibility to bind the Li + metal ion in at least four different conformations characterized by their group symmetries C s , C 2 , C 2h , and C 2v . The respective interaction energies are close to one another with an average value of −79.40 kcal/mol at the MP2/6-311+G(d) level. Natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) is performed to investigate the extent of ligand polarization and charge-transfer (CT) interactions in the various conformations of the complex. Extended conformational searches for the free macrocycle tetraamide, and its Li + complex conformations are conducted using a Monte Carlo-based analysis with the PM3 semiempirical method and compared with the B3LYP results via similarity calculations.
Ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome in older adults.

Context: Ghrelin may be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying risk factor clustering observed in the metabolic syndrome, but this has not been investigated. Objective: The objective of this work was to study the association between ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome and identify social and behavioral determinants of ghrelin. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: The setting of this work was the Rancho Bernardo Study. Participants: Study subjects included 1513 men and women, aged 51–90 yr in 1984–1987. Outcomes: Total ghrelin, measured by RIA, and the metabolic syndrome, defined using Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria, were the outcome measures. Results: Levels of ghrelin (mean ± sd) did not differ between the 848 men (1451 ± 532 pg/ml) and the 665 women (1459 ± 672 pg/ml) or by age. Education, alcohol intake, and smoking history were each significantly and positively associated with ghrelin in a dose-related manner, independent of body mass index (BMI). Compared with...
Rethinking perelman's universal audience: Political dimensions of a controversial concept

Abstract This article challenges the common assumption that Chaim Perelman's concept of the universal audience ought to be thought of primarily as a rational standard for argumentation. I argue instead that it has more interesting implications for political critique than for practical reason and that it can be used to draw attention to how social constructions of universality circulate in various contexts of symbolic production. To extend the reach of Perelman's insight, I relate it to four concepts in critical theory and suggest ways that the universal audience might be reconfigured as an instrument for politically conscious rhetorical criticism.