cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Electromyographical Study of the Labyrinthine Muscular Responses by Galvanic Stimulation upon the Labyrinth following Drug-infusion into the Tympanic Cavities of Rabbi

An experiment was performed on the effects of drugs on the labyrinthine muscular response in the bilateral deep nape muscles (M.rectus capitis posterior major et minor) of rabbit. These drugs such as antihistamin (i.e.of aminoether, phenothiazine), local anesthetica (i.e. cocaine, alcohol), sympathomimetic drugs (i.e.adrenalin, atropine.and pilocarpine), and interneuro. anal blocking agent (i.e.meprobamete), were infused into the tympanic cavity of normal and decerebrated rabbits, and anodal and cathodal galvanic stimulation was given to the animals upon the labyrinth (Nippon Koden MSE 2 Type stimulator), I measured voltage and amperage of the cathodal galvanic stimulation, when labyrinthine muscular response occured in the contralateral deep nape muscles for the purpose of determining the threshold of the stimulation.The obtained results are as follows:1.Both decerebrated and non-decerebrated rabbits showed labyrinthine muscule response even after drug-infusion as well as before.2.In the non-decerebrated rabbits, the threshold in the labyrinthine muscular reaction decr-eased after the infusion of pilocarpine or alcohol (in exciting stadium of alcohol).3.In the non-cerebrated rabbits the threshold increased after the infusion of restamia, cocaine, alcohol (in anesthetic stadium), adrenalin, contomin, and atropine.But it did not change after infusion of meprobamate.4.The decerebrated rabbits showed pronounced reactions than the normal after drug infusion, and the threshold in the decerebrated was lower than in the non-decerebrated.
Tachyphylaxis to Renin

Conclusions1. A method is described which will give a reliable, relatively stable, active “renin” preparation. 2. The method of preparing the “renin”, the use of acetone in its preparation, the type of anesthesia used for the assay animal, species difference between source and assay animal, do not appear to affect significantly the appearance of the phenomenon of “tachyphylaxis” or tolerance. 3. The time interval between successive injections does significantly affect the appearance of tachyphylaxis, and the effect is more pronounced the shorter the interval.2 The effect is least noticeable when the interval is 120-180 minutes. 4. Assay procedures carried out in dogs where the interval between successive injections is less than 2 hours are misleading unless the phenomenon of tolerance is taken into consideration.
Effect of N at different levels on super hybrid rice yield and growth in tropical ecological zones

Under ecologically tropical conditions of breeding base Sanya in Hainan province,a combination of super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu and combination of symptoms Liangyou0293,GD-1S/RB207 were used as materials.Five different levels of nitrogen as 0(N1,CK)、150(N2)、300(N3)、450(N4)、600(N5) kg/hm2 were set up to study effect of different nitrogen fertilizer management on yield and growth.The results are as follows:Liangyoupeijiu in N3 had the highest yield,from the point of ecology and cultivation,in Sanya,Hainan,for super hybrid rice appropriate nitrogen application was 300 kg/hm2.With the increase of each additional 150 kg/hm2(purity nitrogen),early heading stage and heading stage were correspondingly delayed by 3～6 d,As a result,the whole growth period extended by 3～6 d.With the increase of nitrogen application,wound flow increased.Above the level of N4,with increase of application,wound flow declined rather than increased.With the increase of application within the range of 0～450 kg/hm2,volume ratio of surface roots declined,but that of middle roots went up.Within the range of 450～600 kg/hm2,with the increase of application,volume ratio of surface roots went up rather than go down,whlie volume ratio of middle roots went down rather than go up.With increase of nitrogen application,flag leaf of variety Liangyou peijiu and Liangyou 0293 tended to grow in both length and width,with its leaf agnle showing a up-down-up trend.
Ninety-day versus thirty-day drug-dispensing systems.

Q : Our managed care organization currently dispenses a 90-day supply of mail-order prescription drugs to patients with chronic disease. We are investigating whether the 90-day dispensing system is more expensive for the organization than the 30-day system. We know that a 30-day filling system may reduce drug waste caused by the discontinuation of some prescriptions during the three-month period but may increase staff and mailing costs. What perspective can other organizations offer on the 30-day versus the 90-day approach?
Multivalent Membrane Lipid Targeting by the Calcium-Independent C2 Domains of Granuphilin: Evidence from Computation and Experiment

Granuphilin, also known as synaptotagmin-like protein 4 (Slp4), is a Rab effector responsible for docking insulin secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to exocytosis. Granuphilin binds vesicular Rab proteins via an N-terminal Slp homology (SHD) domain, binds plasma membrane SNARE complex proteins via a central linker region, and contains tandem C-terminal C2 domains (C2A and C2B) with affinity for phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). Granuphilin's C2A domain has previously been shown to bind PIP2 or its soluble analogues with low micromolar affinity; however, the domain docks with low nanomolar apparent affinity to PIP2 in lipid vesicles that also contain background anionic lipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS). Here we show using a combination of computational and experimental approaches that this high-affinity membrane interaction arises from concerted binding at two or more sites on the C2A domain. First, docking calculations predict at least two possible binding pockets for anionic ligands. Second, liposome binding measurements indicate that affinity depends on concentrations of PIP2 as well as PS and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the membrane. Third, fluorescence measurements indicate that different regions of the protein surface are responsible for binding membranes containing or lacking PIP2. Fourth, single-molecule lateral diffusion measurements indicate distinct membrane-bound states depending on the available target lipids. Mutational analysis is currently underway to confirm locations of these lipid binding sites. Overall, multivalent membrane binding by granuphilin likely contributes to selective recognition and high affinity docking of large dense-core secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane.
Usefulness of repeat review of head magnetic resonance images during presurgical epilepsy conferences

Abstract Surgical epilepsy conferences are an important part of the process of determining whether a patient is a candidate for resective epilepsy surgery. At these conferences, repeat review ( re-review ) of the magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the patient's head often occurs. This study assessed how often radiologic re-review at a presurgical epilepsy conference resulted in a changed interpretation of the head MRI. Charts were reviewed for 239 patients who had been presented at presurgical epilepsy conferences between 2008 and 2012. Of the 233 patients whose MRIs were re-reviewed, resective surgery was performed in 94 patients (40.3%). Forty-one patients (17.6%) had a previously undiagnosed finding, and 18 of the 41 (43.9%) underwent resective surgery. For 4 of the 41 patients (9.8%) with a previously undiagnosed pertinent finding, re-review detected abnormalities that were not amenable to surgical resection (autoimmunity or significant bilateral pathology).
Production of Charged and Neutral Liquid Helium Drops

We report on two means of producing drops of liquid helium for injection into an apparatus designed to hold individual drops isolated from material walls. Using a small thermomechanical pump operated in a pulsed mode, we have produced uncharged drops of the superfluid; charged drops of both the normal fluid and superfluid have been produced through electrohydrodynamic effects of a sharply pointed conductor within the bulk liquid, which caused charge-carrying drops to be ejected from the liquid surface.
Donald Trump's appeal should be a call to arms.

Trump’s nomination as Republican presidential candidate is a reminder that scientific progress has not benefited all Americans, says Daniel Sarewitz.
Himself First, His Party Second, Lyndon Johnson Third: Everett Dirksen and the Vietnam War, 1967

In this essay, I examine the issue of cross-party support for an unpopular war in a democratic society. After exploring the nature of Senator Everett Dirksen's personal and political relationship with President Lyndon Johnson, I trace the ways in which the Senator cooperated with the White House by pursuing a bi-partisan foreign policy on the issue of Vietnam in 1967. Throughout the article I probe into Dirksen's motives for following such a strategy, concluding that there were real limits to the Senator's support for Johnson's leadership. Changes and continuities in Republican party politics were core variables in Dirksen's strategic analysis; the imminence of the 1968 presidential election and the growing unpopularity of the Vietnam war forced the Minority Leader to modify his position at the end of 1967. In short, bi-partisanship served Dirksen's personal political interests until the United States proved unable to win the war at an acceptable cost. At the end of 1967 the Minority Leader reversed his s...
Fabrication of p-channel BICFET in the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si system

The first operational BICFET (bipolar-inversion-channel field-effect transistor) structures based on the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si system have been demonstrated. The 300 K current gains of beta >300 are believed to be the highest values reported for a BICFET in any material system to date. The device structure, fabrication, and electrical performance are presented. It is concluded that due to its small vertical dimensions and ability to scale laterally, this device shows promise for both discrete and VLSI high-speed applications. >
Remote Perturbations in Tertiary Contacts Trigger Ligation of Lysine to the Heme Iron in Cytochrome c

Perturbations in protein structure define the mechanism of allosteric regulation and biological information transfer. In cytochrome c (cyt c), ligation of Met80 to the heme iron is critical for the protein’s electron-transfer (ET) function in oxidative phosphorylation and for suppressing its peroxidase activity in apoptosis. The hard base Lys is a better match for the hard ferric iron than the soft base Met is, suggesting the key role of the protein scaffold in favoring Met ligation. To probe the role of the protein structure in the maintenance of Met ligation, mutations T49V and Y67R/M80A were designed to disrupt hydrogen bonding and packing of the heme coordination loop, respectively. Electronic absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra reveal that ferric forms of both variants are Lys-ligated at neutral pH. A minor change in the tertiary contacts in T49V, away from the heme coordination loop, appears to be sufficient to execute a change in ligation, suggesting ...
MIXED CULTURES IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

ABSTRACT Defined mixed cultures offer many advantages in the production of Single-Cell Protein and may find application in other areas. In particular, they can be very stable and resistant to contamination. The various ways in which attributes of mixed cultures may be exploited are discussed. A novel use of mixed cultures may be in strain development.
Notes on the Fauna of the Chipola Formation- XXX: On the Presence of Eudolium (Galeodolium) Subfasciatum Sacco (Gastropoda: Tonnidae)

In the exposures of the Chipola Formation along Tenmile Creek, Calhoun County, Florida, we have taken a number of specimens of a genus hitherto unreported in the fossil record of the Western Hemisphere, although it is widespread in the Tertiary beds of the Old World. In the Recent waters of the western Atlantic there are but two species referred to this genus, both occurring in moderately deep water. Thus, the identification of specimens of Endolium subfasciatum Sacco, 1890, in the Chipola Formation is of more than routine interest.
Introduction: Context, Purpose, and Problem

This chapter establishes the context, purpose, and problem posed by the book. Identity is a construct that influences virtually every aspect of life, including work life. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the construct of identity and to demonstrate why and how it plays a significant role within career development. Through an examination of the construct of identity, its purpose is to offer a rationale for the increasing importance of career development research efforts within our field that hopefully enrich our human resource and career development practices. The chapter will begin with a brief discussion of some of the extant career development research in human resource development (HRD). Next, it will offer some definitions of the construct of identity, followed by a discussion of the proposed characteristics of identity. It will conclude with implications for HRD practice and research that align our work in HRD with the current realities of career development.
Invited) New Approaches for Shrinking the Performance Gap for GaN Power Devices

The expected performance of GaN and SiC based power devices far exceeds that of Si power transistors, but the gap between the expected and achieved performance is much larger for GaN transistors. In this paper, we discuss new approaches for shrinking the performance gap for GaN power devices. They include using the quantum well channel designs that lead to the electron wave function penetration into wide band gap cladding layers with the commensurate increase in the breakdown voltage while keeping the advantage of a high mobility in the device channel. The gate edge engineering (beyond just using field plates) optimizes the voltage distribution in the drain-to-gate spacing. It could be combined with a low conducting passivation for smoothing or even eliminating the sharp maximum of the electric field in the vicinity of the gate and field plate edges. Additional contacts in the drain-to-gate spacing for the field control and variable doping implants should allow for further optimization. The perforated channel designs could alleviate both the parasitic series resistance problem and the heat dissipation problem. Extending the gate perforations into the drain-to-gate region allows for a considerable reduction of the switching RC constant with a commensurate decrease in power dissipation. The ultimate design could use the lateral-vertical structures. The AlInN/AlN/GaN technology is uniquely poised for the breakthrough in high temperature performance. We predict that the combination of these approaches will dramatically shrink the performance gap firmly establishing GaN as a superb material for power applications.
Matias's Feeling White, Lensmire's White Folks, and Sleeter's The Inheritance: Critical Review Essay on Three Books and their Contributions to White Teacher Identity Studies

This critical review essay discusses the contributions of three new sole-authored books to the field of White teacher identity studies: Cheryl Matias’s Feeling White , Timothy Lensmire’s White Folks , and Christine Sleeter’s The Inheritance . After providing a brief intellectual history of White teacher identity studies, the essay characterizes Matias, Lensmire, and Sleeter’s books and discusses their contributions to White teacher identity studies, especially as these books inform the identity formation of White preservice and in-service teachers. Overall, Jupp extols these three new texts, which not only advance the field of White teacher identity studies but also provide new directions within critical White studies and within decolonizing theory and practice more generally.
Mentorship for Mid-Career Decisions: Aspirations for Multi-disciplinary Programmatic Leadership Opportunities

Successful academic surgeons frequently credit the ability of a few experienced mentors to develop and accelerate their personal and professional growth. In previous chapters, we have seen the importance of mentorship in initiating and promoting the careers of aspiring academic surgeons. We have learned the importance of formal mentorship in the subspecialty selection, research productivity, grant awards, technical skill ascertainment, and career satisfaction of surgical trainees and early faculty. However, the mentorship needs of more senior academic surgeons are often overlooked. Indeed, a large qualitative study of two academic centers found that more senior and established faculty often felt neglected and reported the desire for equitable access to mentors (Straus et al., Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll 84:135–139, 2009). In addition, despite the fact that mid-career faculty have distinct circumstances and challenges that justify strong mentorship, dedicated research on mid-career mentorship remains scarce. In this chapter, we focus on mentorship of the mid-career academic surgeon and discuss opportunities for multidisciplinary programmatic development that can be fostered through effective mentorship.
An Efficient Deep Learning Model for Recommender Systems

Recommending the best and optimal content to user is the essential part of digital space activities and online user interactions. For example, we like to know what items should be sent to a user, what promotion is the best one for a user, what web design would fit a specific user, what ad a user would be more susceptible to or what creative cloud package is more suitable to a specific user.
THE ENERGETICS OF CONTRACTING MUSCLE AND ITS RELATION TO CROSSBRIDGE MECHANISMS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the energetics of contracting muscle and its relation to crossbridge mechanisms. Studies of the energy balance during isometric tetani have shown that while variable amounts of unexplained enthalpy (UE) are produced during the tetanus, there is a tendency for the amount of UE to increase as the tetanus duration is increased. These results raise the questions of exactly how much UE a muscle can produce and what the time course of its production is. The chapter shows the results of experiments designed to answer these questions. Frog sartorii were tetanized at 0°C and energy balance measurements were made over the first 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 s of the isometric tetanus. As expected both the observed and explained enthalpy production increase as the tetanus duration is increased. Further while the amount of UE tends to increase to the 6 s interval, a large proportion of the UE is produced within the first 0.75–1.5 s of the tetanus.
Environmental Health Ethics

1. Introduction 2. An overview of environmental health 3. Ethical theory 4. Toward an environmental health ethics 5. Pest control 6. Genetic engineering, food, and nutrition 7. Pollution and waste 8. The built environment 9. Climate change, energy, and population 10. Justice and environmental health 11. Environmental research involving human participants 12. Conclusion.
Plasma Annealing and Laser Sputtering; Role of the Frenkel Exciton

For sputtering with ion or electron beams it is well established that the contribution of thermal energy in the lattice to the rate of material desorption is quite negligible. The same can be shown to be true for pulsed laser sputtering. By considering the non-thermal mechanisms by which laser irradiation causes atoms and ions to be sputtered from the surface, we may gain a better understanding of pulsed beam annealing. In particular, it is noted that a fraction vastly exceeding the thermal equilibrium value of the material sputtered (by ions, electrons or photons) is in highly excited electronic states. The contribution of these excited electronic states to the sputtering and laser annealing processes is indicated. They are also related to the “Frenkel” or “continuum” or “hyperbolic” excitons that were previously invoked to explain interband optical spectra and to the zero-crossings of the real part of the dielectric constant, e1(q,ω)). It is also shown that both the established theory of internal photoemission and the time resolved thermal radiation measurements of Hanabusa and Suzuki show that the effective heating depth for laser irradiated molten Si of order 1 μm, far greater than the optical absorption depth of 9 nm. This result contradicts recent speculations about super-heating molten Si with the much lower energy pulses used for laser annealing. Finally, additional evidence for the Bose condensation theory of pulsed beam annealing is found in a sharp peak reported by Nakayama et al. of the laser sputtering yield of P from GaP at photon energies near the band gap and the observation that GaP cannot be driven into the high reflectivity phase characteristic of pulsed laser annealing when photon energies are as low as the peak yield value.
ANALYSIS OF FLOW THROUGH STENOSED BLOOD VESSELS

Abstract An analysis for modelling of blood flow through stenosed blood vessels has been developed including the influence of the distensibility of the wall on the flow field. The time varying motion of a stenosed arterial segment under pulsatile flow conditions has been evaluated using the large deformation theory. The pulsatile flow is assumed to be axially symmetric and Newtonian in nature. The computational approach is based upon a modified version of the Arbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical technique that is specially suited for the characterization of transient viscous flows. Peak shear stress and pressure drop variation with time in the stenosed region were obtained and compared against the same quantities evaluated under the assumption that the blood vessel is rigid. Results indicate that the peak shear stress in the stenosed region of the distensible artery is lower than the same obtained under the assumption of a rigid wall. However, the peak pressure gradient and the pressure drop in the region of stenosis were found to be higher for the distensible artery.
LTPS-TFTs integrated in RDL for High-End FOPLP Application

In order to add the value of FOPLP technology, low temperature poly-silicon thin-film transistor (LTPS-TFT) integrated in RDL with panel level technology has been evaluated. LTPS-TFTs need to be protected by the barrier structure in Cu plating process due to the high concentration of Cu ion. The conception of active device in RDL will be realized by using LTPS-TFT for the high-end FOPLP application such as ESD protection.
Insights into material design, extrusion rheology, and properties of 3D-printable alkali-activated fly ash-based binders

Abstract Material design of alkali activated fly ash-based binders for extrusion-based 3D printing, the rheological responses that are influential in ensuring printability, and the properties of such binders are discussed in this paper. Fly ash is supplemented with fine limestone, slag, or portland cement to provide adequate microstructural packing required for printability. The alkaline activators help reduce the yield stress and enhance the cohesiveness of the mixtures. Based on the measured shear yield stress at different times and concurrent printing of a filament, the printability window and yield stress bounds for printability, applicable for the chosen printing parameters, are established. This approach could be used for mixture qualification for extrusion-based printing. The Benbow-Bridgwater model is implemented on extrusion rheology results of pastes to determine the extrusion yield stress and wall slip shear stress, which are useful process-related parameters. It is shown that these parameters can also be related to shear and extensional rheological properties of alkali-activated pastes, thus ensuring a much-needed link between parameters related to material design and the process of extrusion. Mechanical properties and pore structure similar to those of conventionally cast mixtures are achieved.
What guns mean: the symbolic lives of firearms

This article presents an overview of the symbolic tensions underlying representations of firearms and gun-related violence. The essay frames central questions that deserve further interrogation: what larger social and political contexts surround guns? How do narrations of gun rights or gun trauma map onto larger scripts about matters such as identity, bias, racism, or nationalism? What meanings do guns accrue for people and communities when these guns are not shooting bullets or causing mortal wounds? The paper lays out disciplinary terrain required to address these questions, calling on expertize from the social sciences, humanities, and arts.
Comorbidity Scoring Using the Hematopoetic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCTCI) Is Predictive of Early Death Rate and Event Free Survival (EFS) in Patients over 60 Years of Age Receiving Induction Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

The majority of patients diagnosed with AML who are 60 years of age or over are not offered specific anti-leukemia therapy. Outcomes in the minority who are offered standard induction are considerably inferior to those in younger patients. While a major factor is AML with inherently worse biology, comorbidity seen in the elderly which increases vulnerability to the adverse events of induction cytotoxic chemotherapy is also a major factor. The HCTCI is useful in predicting nonrelapse mortality and overall survival post stem cell transplantation (Sorror. Blood. 2005;106:2912) As this scale represents a refinement of the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and was developed specifically in patients with hematologic malignancies, we investigated whether it might also be applicable to elderly patients receiving AML induction chemotherapy. Pre-therapy comorbidity scoring by the HCTCI was assessed in a cohort of 177 patients over 60 years of age with AML treated at MDACC with standard idarubicin and ara-C induction since 1990. Median patient age was 70 (60–89), 64% were male, 26% had PS 2 or above, 60% had an antecedent hematological malignancy, and 90% had non favorable cytogenetics (33% -5/-7). 22% of patients had HCTCI scores of 0, 30% had scores of 1–2, and 48% scores of 3 or more. Complete response rates in the 3 groups were 64%, 43%, and 42% respectively (p=0.051). Early death (defined as death within 28 days from time of commencing induction therapy) was 3%, 11%, and 29% respectively (p= <0.001). HCTCI score was also highly correlated with EFS with a score of 0 associated with a median EFS of 26 weeks in contrast to a median EFS of 6 weeks in those with a HCTCI score greater than 0 (p=0.03). Even in the probably highly selected subset of patients over 60 years of age currently deemed suitable for standard induction therapy for AML, scoring of pre-treatment comorbidity using the HCTCI is predictable of early death rates and EFS. The further investigation of HCTCI scoring in AML induction, including its value relative to other standard prognostic indicators, is warranted. Stratification of patients for current therapy or for protocol entry based on HCTCI scores seems reasonable.
Unusual C–H Bond Activation and C(sp3)–C(sp3) Bond Formation at an Fe(II) Bis(amide) Carbene Complex

Treatment of (IMes)Fe(NTMS2)2 with 4 equiv of methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl = MeSO2Cl) resulted in a complex reaction sequence involving substitution of two TMS groups for Ms, followed by the unexpected C(sp3)–H bond activation of Ms and subsequent C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation to generate the bimetallic Fe complex, [IMesH]2[Cl2Fe(N(TMS)SO2(CH2)2SO2N(TMS))2FeCl2] (1) (IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-imidazole-2-ylidene; TMS = SiMe3). Extending this C–H activation/C–C bond-forming chemistry to larger alkylsulfonyl chloride chains (i.e., Et and Bu) similarly resulted in C–C coupling, but with decreased chemoselectivity. Detailed mechanistic studies, including using possible intermediate model compounds, were performed in order to elucidate a unifying mechanism for this previously unknown avenue to C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation.
Skeletal maturation and long-bone growth patterns of patients with progeria: a retrospective study.

Summary Background Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (termed progeria in this Article) is a rare sporadic genetic disorder. One early clinical manifestation of progeria is abnormal skeletal growth, yet this growth has not been fully characterised. We aimed to characterise the skeletal maturation and long-bone growth patterns of patients with the clinical phenotype of progeria. Methods For this retrospective study, we reviewed skeletal surveys of patients (aged Findings 85 patients with progeria and 250 skeletal surveys were included in our study. For both sexes, bone age estimates showed a more advanced skeletal maturation rate throughout all chronological ages than the normal rate of 1 (p Interpretation Our study established growth curves that might serve as reference standards for skeletal maturation and long-bone growth of patients with the clinical phenotype of progeria. Funding The Progeria Research Foundation, the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Stop&Shop Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, the US National Center for Research Resources, US National Institutes of Health.
Chapter 22 – Externalities in a Second-Best Environment

Chapter 22 begins with a reworking of the first-best analysis of nonexclusive goods in a many-person setting with distorting taxation, using Diamond’s model as the analytical framework. It presents the Atkinson/Stern analysis of whether the provision of the public good increases or decreases with distorting taxation. The chapter then turns to an extended discussion of the Coase theorem, focusing on issues related to bargaining. The section concludes with a discussion of the use of Coasian-style Individual Transferrable Quotas to sustain fishing stocks, which are successfully transforming the fishing industry.
Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention of Covid-19 - Searching for Evidence.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has generated a worldwide pandemic. The interruption of its spread depends o...
A Comparison of Traditional and Facilitated Dialogue Programs in Grand Teton National Park: An Evaluation for the Future of Interpretive Programs:

As part of finding their path for the next hundred years, the National Park Service is exploring diverse ways to engage the public and help create systemic changes in the way that the public intera...
Abstract #4650: Development of human blocking antibodies to \#916;-like ligand-4 (Dll4) in VelocImmune mice for anti-angiogenesis therapy

The growth of solid tumors depends on the growth of a functional tumor vasculature. Recent studies have shown that blockade of the Dll4-Notch pathway in established tumors results in increased tumor vessel density, but paradoxically, increased tumor hypoxia and decreased tumor growth, even in tumors that are resistant to VEGF blockade. These anti-tumor actions of Dll4 blockade are a result of aberrant non-productive tumor angiogenesis. To exploit Dll4 as a target for the treatment of cancer, we sought to develop and characterize fully human antibodies that block the Dll4-Notch pathway. By immunizing VelocImmune mice, which express the full repertoire of human antibody variable domains in the endogenous locus of the mouse immunoglobin gene, we discovered an array of antibodies that bind to various domains of Dll4 and efficiently block the interaction of Dll4 with Notch receptors. Further characterization was performed on 40 of these antibodies, which represent significant diversity of repertoire and bind Dll4 with an affinity of less than 1 nM, in cell-based and biochemical assays. A subset of these antibodies was further tested using in vivo assays. To better evaluate the effects of these antibodies in pre-clinical tumor models, we used Velocigene technology to generate a genetically engineered mouse in which the region of the murine Dll4 gene that encodes the extracellular portion of Dll4 was replaced with the equivalent human genetic region (~7 kB). This \#8216;humanized\#8217; Dll4 allele expresses Dll4 mRNA and protein at approximately the same levels as the endogenous allele and has yielded viable homozygous mice. Initial studies in these humanized Dll4 mice demonstrate that VelocImmune Dll4 antibodies potently inhibit tumor growth and produce aberrant tumor vasculature. These novel reagents will allow for detailed evaluation of the role of Dll4 in tumor angiogenesis, as well as meaningful characterization of fully human Dll4 antibodies for pre-clinical development. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4650.
Group-Based General Epidemic Modeling for Spreading Processes on Networks: GroupGEM

We develop a group-based continuous-time Markov general epidemic modeling (GroupGEM) framework for any compartmental epidemic model (e.g., susceptible-infected-susceptible, susceptible-infected-recovered, susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered). Here, a group consists of a collection of individual nodes of a network. This model can be used to understand the critical dynamic characteristics of a stochastic epidemic spreading over large complex networks while being informative about the state of groups. Aggregating nodes by groups, the state-space becomes smaller than the one of individual-based approach at the cost of an aggregation error, which is bounded by the well-known isoperimetric inequality. We also develop a mean-field approximation of this framework to reduce the state-space size further. Finally, we extend the GroupGEM to multilayer networks. Individual-based frameworks are in general not computationally efficient. However, the individual-based approach is essential when the objective is to study the local dynamics at the individual level. Therefore, we propose a group-based framework to reduce the computational time of the Individual-based generalized epidemic modeling framework (GEMF) but retain its advantages.
Abstract P574: Anatomic Distribution of High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging Findings in a Cohort of Patients With Moyamoya Disease Evaluated at a Midwest American Institution

Introduction: High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) of the intracranial vasculature may aid in the diagnosis and management of Moyamoya Disease (MMD). The patterns of HR-VWI findings of the ...
Vitruvion: A Generative Model of Parametric CAD Sketches.

Parametric computer-aided design (CAD) tools are the predominant way that engineers specify physical structures, from bicycle pedals to airplanes to printed circuit boards. The key characteristic of parametric CAD is that design intent is encoded not only via geometric primitives, but also by parameterized constraints between the elements. This relational specification can be viewed as the construction of a constraint program, allowing edits to coherently propagate to other parts of the design. Machine learning offers the intriguing possibility of accelerating the design process via generative modeling of these structures, enabling new tools such as autocompletion, constraint inference, and conditional synthesis. In this work, we present such an approach to generative modeling of parametric CAD sketches, which constitute the basic computational building blocks of modern mechanical design. Our model, trained on real-world designs from the SketchGraphs dataset, autoregressively synthesizes sketches as sequences of primitives, with initial coordinates, and constraints that reference back to the sampled primitives. As samples from the model match the constraint graph representation used in standard CAD software, they may be directly imported, solved, and edited according to downstream design tasks. In addition, we condition the model on various contexts, including partial sketches (primers) and images of hand-drawn sketches. Evaluation of the proposed approach demonstrates its ability to synthesize realistic CAD sketches and its potential to aid the mechanical design workflow.
Nested explanation in Aristotle and Mayr

Both Aristotle and Ernst Mayr present theories of dual explanation in biology, with proximal, clearly physical explanations and more distal, biology-specific explanations. Aristotle’s presentation of final cause explanations in Posterior Analytics (II.11) relates final causes to the necessary material, formal, and efficient causes that mediate them. Johnson (Aristotle on teleology, 2005) and Leunissen (Apeiron 43:117–142, 2010b) demonstrate the problematic nature of historical and recent interpretations and open the door for a new interpretation consistent with modern evolutionary theory. Mayr’s (Science 134:1501–1506, 1961) differentiation of proximate and ultimate/evolutionary causes provides a key to appropriating Aristotle for modern use, if care is taken to differentiate Mayr’s proximate/distal and mechanical/evolutionary distinctions from his intentional/non-intentional distinction. Building on Mayr, and noting his appropriation of ancient and recent commentary, a strong case can be made for nested explanation, wherein evolutionary explanations are instantiated in systems of mechanical explanations. Biological concepts of organism, gene, function, etc., are etiologically prior to mechanical explanations of function, but temporally posterior to mechanical explanations of historical adaptation. Such an analysis sheds light on recent arguments within evolutionary biology while highlighting the importance of epistemology in contemporary science.
Stereospecific Polymerization of Propylene with Natta Catalyst under Ordinary Pressure

The stereospecific polymerization of propylene with Natta catalyst under ordinary pressure has been investigated and discussed. Propylene of 99.5% purity was polymerized with a metal-organic complex catalyst, formed from A1(C2h5)3 and TiCl3, giving a white or greyish stereopolymer which contained ca. 70% isotactic polypropylene. The optimum conditions of polymerization were as follows: The mole-ratio of Al(C2H3/TiCl3 was 8–15; the polymerization-temperature was 70°C, and the concentration of TiCl3 was 0.6–0.8g per 120ml of n-heptane. The maximum polymerization rate reached the value of 6g C3H6/hr./g TiCl3 and the apparent activation energy as calculated from an Arrheniusplotting line, was 12.1 kcal/mole.
Pursuing Reality with Image-Based Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting

This paper presents techniques and animations developed from 1991 to 2000 that use digital photographs of the real world to create 3D models, virtual camera moves, and realistic computer animations. In these projects, images are used to determine the structure, appearance, and lighting conditions of the scenes. Early work in recovering geometry (and generating novel views) from silhouettes and stereo correspondence are presented, which motivate Facde, an interactive photogrammetric modeling system that uses geometric primitives to model the scene. Subsequent work has been done to recover lighting and reflectance properties of real scenes, to illuminate synthetic objects with light captured from the real world, and to directly capture reflectance fields of real-world objects and people. The projects presented include The Chevette Project (1991), Immersion 94 (1994), Rouen Revisited (1996), The Campanile Movie (1997), Rendering with Natural Light (1998), Fiat Lux (1999), and the Light Stage (2000).
Delivering tacit knowledge in e-learning

Human knowledge consists of two basic types of knowledge. Explicit knowledge contains facts, rules and procedures and its owner is fully aware of it. Tacit knowledge helps its possessors to use their explicit knowledge. It is hidden in their minds. Explicit knowledge has no meaning without relevant tacit knowledge; it remains a collection of memorized pieces of mosaic. Good teaching methodologies must therefore develop and expand both forms of learners' knowledge. The Nonaka-Takeuchi model of learning indicates two ways of gaining tacit knowledge: Socialization and Internalization. To achieve the quality of gained knowledge equal to traditional (on-site) learning, these stages must also be present during e-learning. Our paper presents best practices in tacit knowledge delivery which are applicable during the course design, development and delivery.
Structure of tomato bushy stunt virus. I. The spherically averaged electron density.

Abstract The radial electron-density distribution of tomato bushy stunt virus has been determined at low resolution by X-ray methods. Three experimental techniques have been used jointly to measure the spherically averaged Fourier transform of the particle in media of different electron density: (1) small-angle X-ray scattering from the virus in solution (counter recording); (2) small- and moderate- angle X-ray scattering from gels of the virus (photographic recording); and (3) single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The continuous transform corresponding to five different background densities has been obtained from the measurements with solutions and gels. The electron densities range from 0.343 e A 3 to 0.408 e A 3 . The single-crystal diffraction experiments show that no structural change or change in solvent binding occurs on transfer of the virus particle from one of these media to another, and that ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate and sucrose can be used interchangeably to alter the solvent density. The single-crystal data extend to sufficiently wide angles that intensities from crystals in different media can be scaled to each other, since the background density has little effect on the diffraction pattern at spacings smaller than 20 A. The continuous transforms can therefore be compared by scaling them to the corresponding crystal diffraction patterns. Density measurements by flotation in salt or sucrose solutions show that there is approximately 0.4 g water bound per gram virus in crystal and gels. This figure is also consistent with measurements of the intensity of the central maxima of X-ray scattering patterns from bushy stunt virus in solutions of different electron density. The bound water, defined as water from which small solutes are excluded, is associated with both protein and RNA. The net electron density in the tomato bushy stunt virus particle can be calculated, as a function of radius, by Fourier transformation of the appropriately phased scattering amplitudes. A comparison of the radial density distribution in different solvents indicates that matter of high intrinsic density, interpreted as RNA, is concentrated at a radius of about 110 A. Both inside and outside this shell, the density of the solvent-impenetrable regions has values characteristic of hydrated protein. Fourier inversion of the salt-difference transform yields a measure of the volume fraction occupied by solvent at any radius. The fraction of the volume available to solvent is greater in the RNA region than at radii at which the internal and external protein layers are most densely packed. The tomato bushy stunt virus particle thus appears to have a protein “core” and a protein “coat”, perhaps built from the same kind of protein subunits. The RNA lies between these two shells. Some of the implications of this model—first proposed by Klug and co-workers are briefly discussed.
Experimenting with Shared Generation of RSA Keys.

We describe an implementation of a distributed algorithm to generate a shared RSA key. At the end of the computation, an RSA modulus N = pq is publicly known. All servers involved in the computation are convinced that N is a product of two large primes, however none of them know the factorization of N . In addition, a public encryption exponent is publicly known and each server holds a share of the private exponent. Such a sharing of an RSA key has many applications and can be used to secure sensitive private keys. Previously, the only known method to generate a shared RSA key was through a trusted dealer. Our implementation demonstrates the e ectiveness of shared RSA key generation, eliminating the need for a trusted dealer.
The use of bispectral index monitors in paediatric intensive care

The bispectral index (BIS) is a processed neurophysiological electroencephalographic parameter that may be used to evaluate the depth of sedation in critically ill children. Triltsch and colleagues attempted to correlate BIS scores with a commonly used clinical sedation scoring system. They were able to demonstrate good correlation during deep sedation and in cases where the electrical impedance of the BIS electrodes was lowest. Studies have shown only moderate degrees of correlation between BIS scores and clinical sedation scoring systems. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend routine monitoring of BIS scores in critically ill children.
Differential Production of Interferon and Refractoriness Inducing Principle in L Cells

Abstract The extracellular, acid-soluble cell products (EASCP) from Newcastle disease virus-infected L929 cells contain both interferon, defined as antiviral activity, and refractoriness inducing principle, defined as an activity that inhibits interferon production. L cells pretreated with EASCP and then infected with Newcastle disease virus give rise to EASCP with decreased amounts of interferon but an increased ratio of refractoriness inducing principle activity to interferon activity in a dose related manner. The antiviral activity of an EASCP preparation is not dependent upon its refractoriness inducing principle level, but is entirely dependent on its interferon content. Our results provide additional evidence that interferon and refractoriness inducing principle are different biological entities and not polymorphic functions of the interferon molecule.
Diagnosing DYNAMO convection with weak temperature gradient simulations

Determining relationships between convective and environmental diagnostics can improve our understanding of mechanisms controlling tropical convection, and consequently, result in better representations of convection in coarsely resolved models. We identify important diagnostic relationships in observations taken during the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) campaign and perform weak temperature gradient (WTG) simulations of DYNAMO convection to determine if the observed relationships are reproduced in our model. We find that the WTG approximation models local changes in the diagnostics used in the study—precipitation rate, atmospheric stability, moisture, and gross moist stability (GMS)—and reproduces diagnostic relationships suggested in previous studies; an increase in precipitation rate is correlated with increased atmospheric moisture content, which, in turn, is correlated with greater atmospheric stability. Large-scale atmospheric stability—changes of which might be related to balanced dynamics, we speculate—seems to be a candidate for a convective controlling mechanism. Observed and modeled interactions of local convection with the large-scale environment—quantified by the GMS—are in agreement with the theory of Inoue and Back (2015b); the GMS increases from small, positive or negative, values during developing convection and further increases for decaying convection past a critical GMS found at peak precipitation rates, atmospheric stability, and moisture content. Understanding the link between the critical GMS and the diagnostics—still a standing problem—could further our understanding of interactions between local convection and the large-scale environment.
Reducing NADPH Oxidative Stress following Acute Neurotrauma

1.7 million traumatic brain injuries occur each year in the USA. Utilizing a validated rodent blast model, we investigated how NADPH oxidase expression and associated oxidative stress contributes t...
Bacterial contributions to mammalian gut development.

Abstract The mammalian gut has coevolved over millions of years with a vast consortium of microbes. From birth, this population is in continuous and intimate contact with intestinal tissues. Recent results indicate that indigenous bacteria play a crucial inductive role in gut development during early postnatal life. These findings have revealed that the mammalian intestine is poised for interaction with its prokaryotic partners, which are essential for its normal development.