cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paranoid Personality Disorder: A Synthesis of Developmental, Dynamic, and Descriptive Features

Suspiciousness, feeling persecuted, and grandiosity constitute the classical triad associated with paranoid personality. However, a more important feature appears to be the discrepancy between the outer persona and the inner world of such individuals. The split is pervasive and involves self-concept, object-relations, affects, morality, sexuality, and cognitive style. Outwardly, paranoid individuals are demanding, arrogant, mistrustful, driven, unromantic, moralistic, and acutely vigilant towards the external environment. Internally, however, they are frightened, timid, self-doubting, gullible, inconsiderate, vulnerable to erotomania, and cognitively unable to grasp the totality of actual events. This way of conceptualizing the paranoid symptomatology is superior to ordinary check-list methods since it (1) links the phenomenological and psychostructural aspects of the condition, (2) helps in a more meaningful differential diagnosis of paranoid from other personality disorders, and most importantly, (3) hints at areas that require exploration in the psychotherapeutic management or psychoanalysis of such individuals.
Dysregulated metabolism contributes to oncogenesis

Cancer is a disease characterized by unrestrained cellular proliferation. In order to sustain growth, cancer cells undergo a complex metabolic rearrangement characterized by changes in metabolic pathways involved in energy production and biosynthetic processes. The relevance of the metabolic transformation of cancer cells has been recently included in the updated version of the review "Hallmarks of Cancer", where dysregulation of cellular metabolism was included as an emerging hallmark. While several lines of evidence suggest that metabolic rewiring is orchestrated by the concerted action of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, in some circumstances altered metabolism can play a primary role in oncogenesis. Recently, mutations of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes involved in key metabolic pathways have been associated with hereditary and sporadic forms of cancer. Together, these results demonstrate that aberrant metabolism, once seen just as an epiphenomenon of oncogenic reprogramming, plays a key role in oncogenesis with the power to control both genetic and epigenetic events in cells. In this review, we discuss the relationship between metabolism and cancer, as part of a larger effort to identify a broad-spectrum of therapeutic approaches. We focus on major alterations in nutrient metabolism and the emerging link between metabolism and epigenetics. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to manipulate metabolism in cancer and tradeoffs that should be considered. More research on the suite of metabolic alterations in cancer holds the potential to discover novel approaches to treat it.
The Primary Electroviscous Effect of Rigid Polyions of Arbitrary Shape and Charge Distribution

The viscosity of a dilute suspension of charged rigid particles exceeds that of a suspension of identical, but uncharged particles, and this is called the primary electroviscous effect. This excess viscosity arises as a result of the distortion of the ion atmosphere surrounding the polyion due to the fluid shear field in which it is placed. Consequently, any theory of the primary electroviscous effect must account for this distortion. Booth (Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 1950, 203A, 533) and later Sherwood (J. Fluid Mech. 1980, 101, 609) achieved this for a spherical polyion of uniform equilibrium surface potential by solving the coupled (low Reynold's number) Navier-Stokes, Poisson, and ion transport equations. The primary objective of the present work is to extend this approach to rigid model polyions of arbitrary shape and charge distribution. The coupled transport equations are solved by an iterative boundary element (BE) procedure applied previously to the closely related problem of electrophoresis (Allison, S. A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7391). In test cases on spheres containing single central charges, the BE results are found to be in very good agreement with Sherwood. The BE approach is then applied to spherical polyions containing noncentrosymmetric charge distributions as well as short (20-40 base pair) DNA models in the monovalent salt range 0.005-0.6 M. For the DNA fragments, the primary electroviscous effect ranges from about 2% to 30% (40 bp) or 45% (20bp) as the KCI concentration is reduced from 0.6 to 0.005 M, respectively. Substantially larger effects are predicted if the monovalent salt is Tris-acetate, and this is due primarily to the lower mobility of the Tris counterion relative to K + . A secondary objective is to make contact between the BE approach and bead methods, which have been successfully used in modeling the viscosity of rigid, but uncharged macromolecules of arbitrary shape.
Attosecond Transient Absorption: Spectral Lineshapes in Laser-dressed Atoms and Molecules

We experimentally investigated the laser-dressed excited states of atoms and molecules via attosecond XUV transient absorption. We observed the lineshapes evolution and modifications due to the laser-imposed phases, as well as the macroscopic propagation effects.
Disposition Toward Critical Thinking Among Occupational Therapy Students

The ability to think critically is an important outcome of education. The disposition, or internal motivation, to think critically strongly influences the development of critical thought. Students (N = 79) at three levels of education in one program were administered the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI). Results indicated no differences in the disposition to think critically related to length of time spent in the program. Differences in the dispositions of open-mindedness and maturity of judgment were found between undergraduate and graduate students. A difference also was found in the disposition to think critically between the two groups. The findings suggest that students, particularly undergraduates, can benefit from instruction designed to develop the disposition to think critically. The CCTDI appears to be a useful instrument for assessing the ability and disposition for critical thinking and could serve as a reliable baseline or outcome measure for use in programs.
Metabolic sources of ammonia in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L

The earthworm Lumbricus terrestris is ammonotelic while feeding but becomes ureotelic with fasting. 1 The metabolic sources of ammonia nitrogen in feeding worms have been examined. Two deaminating enzymes, L-serine dehydratase and 5′-AMP deaminase, have been observed to be present in high activity. The latter enzyme was an order of magnitude more active than the former. 2 The activity of L-serine dehydratase was modified by theophylline but not by cyclic AMP. 3 5′-AMP deaminase appears to be an allosteric enzyme with ATP functioning as a positive modulator. The positive allosteric effector increases the apparent affinity of 5′-AMP deaminase for its substrate while having no effect on the maximum velocity of the reaction. 4 Both enzymes were located predominantly in the gut tissue. 5 While neither enzyme decreased in activity with fasting their possible role in ammonia production is discussed.
Personality style and sexual functioning among psychiatric outpatients

Abstract Although the notion of “psychosexual” disorder implies a relationship between sexual dysfunction and psychological maladaptation, the nature of that relationship remains puzzling. In this study the relationship between sexual difficulties and four personality styles (the anxious personality, the impulsive personality, the obsessive personality, and the phobic personality) was examined. Data were obtained from 185 psychiatric outpatients who completed a comprehensive self‐report questionnaire which included questions on personality traits and on specific and general sexual functioning. Chronic anxiety and changes in sexual interest and activity were associated, as were anxiety and thoughts of ending marriage. While anxiety did not relate to overall assessment of sexual satisfaction with spouse, a significant degree of impulsivity was noted in all groups reporting any history of difficulty with sexual relations. Women who were not getting along with their spouses and who had long‐standing difficult...
New species of Tomeisneria Roth, Squamoptera Bruijning, and Dethieridris, gen. nov. (Blattaria: Blattellinae and Pseudophyllodromiinae)

Abstract The blattellid genera Tomeisneria and Squamoptera are rediagnosed based on new species. Four new taxa are described, namely, Tomeisneria vasculorum (Irian Jaya), Squamoptera zinmani (Irian Jaya), S. philippinensis (Philippine Islands), and Dethieridris spinuliferis, gen. et sp. nov. (Sabah).
Filial Responsibility Expectations among Adult Child-Older Parent Pairs.

We investigated filial responsibility consensus in a random sample of 144 elderly parent-adult child pairs. Most respondents interpreted the filial role as including a great deal of emotional support and discussion of important matters and available resources. Both generations perceived living close by and writing letters to parents on a weekly basis as less important. Parents, compared to their offspring, were more likely to disapprove of receiving financial assistance from children, living with children, and having children adjust their work schedules to help them. Robinson's A revealed that there was a moderate level of intergenerational agreement on filial responsibility expectations.
Rotational diffusion studied by passage saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance

A comprehensive description is given of instrumental and theoretical methods employed to make accurate measurements of rotational correlation times using passage saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance (ST–EPR). Saturation transfer methods extend by several orders of magnitude the sensitivity of EPR to very slow motion; for example, for nitroxide spin labels, correlation times as long as 10−3 sec become accessible to measurement. Two ST–EPR detection schemes are discussed in detail: dispersion, detected 90° out of phase with respect to the 100 kHz field modulation, and absorption, detected 90° out of phase with respect to the second harmonic of the 50 kHz field modulation. The sensitivities of these configurations are illustrated with experimental spectra obtained from a system obeying isotropic Brownian rotational diffusion; namely, maleimide spin labeled human oxyhemoglobin in aqueous glycerol solutions. Two theoretical approaches, one employing coupled Bloch equations and the other utilizing the stochastic Liouville equation for the density matrix with the orientation variables treated by transition rate matrix or orthogonal eigenfunction expansion methods, are in excellent agreement with each other and with model system spectra. Both experimental and theoretical spectra depend on a number of relaxation processes other than rotational diffusion; consequently, considerable care must be taken to ensure the accuracy of measured rotational correlation times. Although the absorption method is currently the more sensitive and convenient one to apply with most conventional (commercial) spectrometers, the dispersion ST–EPR method is potentially more powerful, providing strong motivation for future technological efforts to decrease noise levels in dispersion experiments.
Models of anger: contributions from psychophysiology, neuropsychology and the cognitive behavioral perspective

The current review examined the research and current models of anger from three distinct literatures: psychophysiology, neuropsychology and the cognitive-behavioral perspective. Two primary conceptual difficulties are addressed in this review. First, the debate over how and when to differentiate between anger and hostility is discussed. Second, the issue regarding cognitive or emotional dominance or primacy in the experience of anger is considered. Once the conceptual ambiguity is addressed, data from the cognitive-behavioral, psychophysiological and neuropsychological literatures are reviewed with a focus on issues of laterality. Particular attention is given to research of appraisal theory from the cognitive literature, cortical arousal and related cerebral models from the psychophysiological literature, and functional cerebral systems from the neuropsychological literature. Despite significant differences appearing both within and between the bodies of literature, when viewed without the traditional ambiguity surrounding this topic, there appears to be a great deal of overlap which may be conducive to the construction of a unified theoretical model. Such a model is proposed in the final section of this paper.
Effects of Selected Harvest Moistures and Frozen Storage Times on Selected Yellow Dent Corn: Wet-Milling Yields and Starch Pasting Properties

ABSTRACT The effects of harvest moistures and frozen storage times on corn wet-milling yields and the pasting properties of the resulting starch were studied. Pioneer hybrid P-0916-XR harvested at three moisture contents (49, 35, and 21% wb) were stored frozen for three days or for five months, followed by wet-milling. The pasting properties of the resulting starch were evaluated with a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The yields of starch and germ increased by 1.2 and 1.9 percentage points, respectively, when harvest moisture decreased from 49 to 21% wb, whereas the yields of steep water solids, total fiber, and gluten decreased by 2.1, 0.7, and 0.6 percentage points, respectively. The frozen corn had lower coarse fiber yields but higher cellular fiber yields. The starch pasting properties showed that peak and breakdown viscosities decreased by 8% (3,824 ± 36 versus 3,520 ± 38 cP) and 13% (2,336 ± 47 versus 2,029 ± 60 cP), respectively, when harvest moisture decreased from 49 to 21% wb, whereas peak time increased ...
An invariant property of balls in arrangements of hyperplanes

Let ? be a collection ofn hyperplanes ind-space in general position. For each tuple ofd+1 hyperplanes of ? consider the open ball inscribed in the simplex that they form. Let ?k denote the number of such balls intersected by exactlyk hyperplanes, fork=0, 1,...,n?d?1. We show that $$\left| {B_k } \right| = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n - k - 1} \\ d \\ \end{array} } \right)$$ .
Mechanistic Details to Facilitate Applications of an Exceptional Catalyst, Methyltrioxorhenium: Encouraging Results from Oxygen-18 Isotopic Probes

Using oxygen-18 labeled probes, the deactivation of the catalyst methyltrioxorhenium in oxidation reactions using hydrogen peroxide has been shown to result from the nucleophilic attack of HOO− on the parent catalyst rather than by HO− attack on intermediate A, opening possible routes to enhanced catalyst durability.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Inhibits Apoptosis and Induces NF-κB Activity through a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-dependent Pathway

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects airway epithelial cells, resulting in cell death and severe inflammation through the induction of NF-κB activity and inflammatory cytokine synthesis. Both NF-κB activity and apoptosis regulation have been linked to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) and its downstream effector enzymes, AKT and GSK-3. This study evaluates the role of PI 3-K and its downstream mediators in apoptosis and inflammatory gene induction during RSV infection of airway epithelial cells. Whereas RSV infection alone did not produce significant cytotoxicity until 24–48 h following infection, simultaneous RSV infection and exposure to LY294002, a blocker of PI 3-K activity, resulted in cytotoxicity within 12 h. Furthermore, we found that RSV infection during PI 3-K blockade resulted in apoptosis by examining DNA fragmentation, DNA labeling by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage by Western blotting. RSV infection produced an increase in the phosphorylation state of AKT, GSK-3, and the p85 regulatory subunit of PI 3-K. The activation of PI 3-K by RSV and its inhibition by LY294002 was confirmed in direct PI 3-K activity assays. Further evidence for the central role of a pathway involving PI 3-K and AKT in preserving cell viability during RSV infection was established by the observation that constitutively active AKT transfected into A549 cells prevented the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of combined RSV and LY294002 treatment. Finally, both PI 3-K inhibition by LY294002 and AKT inhibition by transfection of a dominant negative enzyme blocked RSV-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity. These data demonstrate that anti-apoptotic signaling and NF-κB activation by RSV are mediated through activation of PI 3-K-dependent pathways. Blockade of PI 3-K activation resulted in rapid, premature apoptosis and inhibition of RSV-stimulated NF-κB-dependent gene transcription.
Structured buffer-allocation problems

We study the effect of changing buffer sizes in serial lines withgeneral blocking, a mechanism that incorporates limited intermediate finished goods inventory at each stage, as well as limited intermediate raw material inventory. This model includes ordinarymanufacturing, communication, andkanban blocking as special cases. We present conditions under which increasing buffer sizes or re-allocating buffer capacity increases throughput, and in some cases characterize optimal allocations. Our comparisons hold pathwise; they depend on structural properties of a line but not its service time distributions.
Public Sector Unions, Corporatism, and Macroeconomic Performance:

What accounts for the apparent breakdown of the positive relationship between powerful trade union organizations and macroeconomic performance? Is corporatism a relic of a different age, a luxury o...
Glycosylation to Adapt to Stress

The metabolism of cancer cells differs from that of nontransformed cells ( 1 ), yet the mechanism for regulating metabolic pathways in cancer cells is incompletely understood. On page [975][1] of this issue, Yi et al. ( 2 ) report that modification of the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) by O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) controls its catalytic activity in cancer cells and affects carbon distribution, redox balance, and tumor formation. Unlike most metabolic changes reported in cancer, this mode of regulation appears to be tumor specific. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1222278
HOSTILITY IN DIPLOMATIC COMMUNICATIONS: A STUDY OF THE 1914 CRISIS

A Markovian model is proposed to account for the hostility in the diplomatic communications exchanged between the six key countries 38 days prior to the outbreak of World War I. The central assumptions of this model are that (1) the intensity of a decision maker's perception of hostility (P) depends only on the immediately preceding perception and the intensity of the hostile messages most recently received (R), and (2) that the intensity of his expression of hostility (E) depends only on his immediately preceding expression of hostility and his current perception of hostility. Preliminary tests of this model involve showing that under certain conditions the (1) P and E transition matrices are a first-rather than zero-order Markov chain, when R and P are held constant, respectively, and (2) R and P affect the P and E transition matrices, respectively.
Genome-wide DNA methylation in neonates exposed to maternal depression, anxiety, or SSRI medication during pregnancy

Despite the high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and use of antidepressant medications during pregnancy, there is much uncertainty around the impact of high levels of distress or antidepressant medications on the developing fetus. These intrauterine exposures may lead to epigenetic alterations to the DNA during this vulnerable time of fetal development, which may have important lifetime health consequences. In this study we investigated patterns of genome-wide DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip in the umbilical cord blood of neonates exposed to non-medicated maternal depression or anxiety (n = 13), or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy (n = 22), relative to unexposed neonates (n = 23). We identified 42 CpG sites with significantly different DNA methylation levels in neonates exposed to non-medicated depression or anxiety relative to controls. CpG site methylation was not significantly different in neonates exposed to SSRIs relative to the controls, after adjusting for multiple comparisons. In neonates exposed either to non-medicated maternal depression or SSRIs, the vast majority of CpG sites displayed lower DNA methylation relative to the controls, but differences were very small. A gene ontology analysis suggests significant clustering of the top genes associated with non-medicated maternal depression/anxiety, related to regulation of transcription, translation, and cell division processes (e.g., negative regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress, regulation of mRNA export from the nucleus, regulation of stem cell division). While the functional consequences of these findings are yet to be determined, these small DNA methylation differences may suggest a possible role for epigenetic processes in the development of neonates exposed to non-medicated maternal depression/anxiety.
Advanced Composite Constrained Layer Laminates

The properties of laminar structures composed of elastomer constrained between plies of advanced fiber reinforced resin composites are reviewed. These material combinations are found to be lightwei...
Factors Influencing Hazards in Isocyanate Foam-Spraying

Abstract Controlled foam-spraying experiments conducted in a sealed, unventilated room were designed to evaluate the influence of formulations and application techniques on atmospheric contamination with isocyanates. The conditions for sampling the atmosphere during application of formulations involving TDI (toluenediisocyanate) and MDI (methylenebis(4-phenylisocyanate)) are described in detail. The Elastomers Laboratory spray gun, which mixes the chemicals internally, is compared to a conventional external-mix spray gun. Equipment for quantitative measurement of TDI and MDI retained by activated charcoal canisters is described, and results are given. Recommendations of the safest method of foam spraying, based on information acquired and safety precautions, including the use of operator protection equipment, are discussed.
TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOODS AND AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP

Many cities have traditional neighborhoods composed of diverse housing, mixed land uses, pedestrian connectivity, and convenient transit access. The effects of these types of land use patterns on automobile ownership are quantified. Using Portland, Oregon, a model is tested that explains automobile ownership on the basis of household, neighborhood, and urban design characteristics. Strong evidence is found of the effect of mixed land use on automobile ownership: as land use mix changes from homogeneous to diverse, the probability of owning an automobile decreases by 31 percentage points, ceteris paribus. Findings imply that traditional neighborhoods are more conducive to alternatives to private vehicle use, such as walking and public transit. It was concluded that inner-ring suburbs that have traditional neighborhood features provide households with the opportunity to express their preference to avoid automobile ownership and to save on the cost of owning and operating automobiles.
Application of deconvolution to the analysis of univalent ion-exchange isotherms in zeolites X and Y

Abstract A numerical method of regularization has been used to effect the deconvolution of isotherms obtained from the literature describing the exchange of Li+ K+, and Rb+ into the synthetic faujasites NaX and NaY. The obtained selectivity coefficient distributions fit the univalent isotherms used for deconvolution. The relative number of K+ cations undergoing exchange with the obtained selectivity coefficients has been compared with published cation-site populations in K-X and K-Y, determined crystallographically.
Quantum confinement and ultrafast dephasing dynamics in InP nanocrystals

The electronic level structure and dephasing dynamics of InP nanocrystals in the strong quantum-confinement regime are studied by two complementary techniques: nanosecond hole burning and the femtosecond three-pulse photon echo. Hole burning yields the homogeneous electronic level structure while the photon echo allows the extraction of the linewidth of the band-gap transition. The congestion of electronic levels observed close to the band-edge transition in the hole-burning experiments gives rise to a pulse-width-limited initial decay in the photon-echo signal. The level structure is calculated and assigned using a model which includes valence-band mixing. The homogeneous linewidth of the band-edge transition is approximately 5 meV at 20 K and is broadened considerably at higher temperatures. The temperature dependence of the linewidth is consistent with an intrinsic dephasing mechanism of coupling to low-frequency acoustic modes mediated by the deformation potential. Quantum-confinement effects in III-V semiconductor InP are compared to those of the prototypical CdSe II-VI semiconductor nanocrystal system. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Firm-diversification effects on performance as measured by tobin's q

The performance effects of firm diversification remain unclear despite a large body of prior research that has yielded mixed results due to differing performance measures, diversification measures, samples and time periods. The objective of this research is to offer further information by using Tobin's q to capture performance effects and Rumelt's related ratio as the diversification measure. The empirical results reveal no significant findings to relate diversification and performance. Given that the sample is composed of very large firms, the implication is that, at least for such large firms whose stock is likely held in well-diversified portfolios, firm-diversification strategies are unlikely to yield superior performance.
Changing trends in the etiologic diagnosis of ischemic stroke

The evaluation of victims of ischemic stroke has evolved over the last few years, primarily as a result of the introduction of innovative, sensitive, and informative diagnostic procedures. The role of the neurologist appears to have been redefined as one in which the identification of the presumptive cause and mechanism of the stroke is one of the primary responsibilities. We compared the etiologic stroke subtypes of patients entered into the Saint Louis University Stroke Registry for the period January to June, 1986 (Group A), with analogous data collected in patients entered from January to June, 1992 (Group B). Group A included 57 patients whose stroke subtype distribution was as follows: 19% due to athero-thromboembolism, 18% cardiogenic, 5% lacunar, and 4% due to other causes. In addition, 54% of patients had strokes of unknown etiology. Group B comprised 137 patients with the following etiologic distribution: 35% cardiogenic, 26% atherothrombolic, 3% lacunar, and 6% from other causes. Only 29% had strokes of unknown etiology. The apparent increase in the proportion of cardiogenic strokes may be related to wider utilization of transesophageal echocardiography. There was also a significant drop in the proportion of strokes of unknown etiology. Finally, in comparison with other stroke registries, our data suggest that many small strokes may also result from cardiogenic embolism. These apparent changes in the proportion of stroke subtypes should be considered when patients are being evaluated for risk stratification.
Economic impact of marketing alliances on shareholders' wealth

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether marketing alliances create value for shareholders, and whether the results are robust across different business cycles.Design/methodology/approach – Using standard event study methodology, abnormal returns (AR) were computed for 402 firms which formed marketing alliances in a 12‐month period covering three business time periods, namely bull, bear and post 9/11 periods. ANOVA and regression analyses were performed on cumulative abnormal returns (CAR).Findings – Significant and positive AR were found on announcement day for firms forming marketing alliances. When the sample is segmented by market capitalization, small cap firms were found to stand to benefit the most, particularly when partnering with a large firm. During the bear market period, marketing alliances tend to benefit small cap firms and firms with low profitability, whereas during the bull market period, marketing alliances benefit firms with low asset utilization.Research limitations/i...
Double-blind crossover study comparing doxepin with diphenhydramine for the treatment chronic urticaria

Fifty patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria were studied to compare responses to treatment with doxepin (10 mg three times a day) and with diphenhydramine (25 mg three times a day). All patients had an evaluation that failed to disclose a cause for their disease. Therapeutic response was assessed according to the suppression of symptoms and symptom diary scores of daily itching and frequency, number, size, and duration of hives. Total clearing of the pruritus and urticarial lesions occurred in 43% of the patients while receiving doxepin and in only 5% while receiving diphenhydramine (p
The postnatal effects of prenatal exposure to low doses of nitrogen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether) in Sprague-Dawley rats☆

Nitrofen was administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage on days 8-16 of gestation at 5 different dose levels--0, 0.46, 1.39, 4.17 and 12.5 mg/kg/day. Diaphragmatic hernias were found in pups that died immediately after birth at the 3 highest dose levels. At the 1.39-mg/kg dose level 3 of the 4 pups examined had diaphragmatic hernias, at the 4.17-mg/kg dose level 2 out of 3 pups had diaphragmatic hernias, and at the 12.5-mg/kg dose level all 5 pups found dead had diaphragmatic hernias. Locomotor activity of the offspring was measured on postnatal days 17 and 24, and hyperactivity was evident at the 3 highest dose levels. However, when the rats were later tested at 45, 49 and 90 days of age they had apparently recovered from this earlier hyperactivity. In the female rat, nitrofen did not delay the onset of puberty as measured by the age of vaginal opening or the age at first estrus. At necropsy of the offspring which began on postnatal day 133, Harderian gland weight reduction and hydronephrosis were seen at the 4.17- and 12.5-mg/kg dose levels, while no effects were found in body, liver, testes, seminal vesicle, kidney, or lung weights. Results of the present study and earlier studies demonstrate that rats are more sensitive than mice to the teratogenic effect of nitrofen (Gray et al., Science, 215 (1982) 293 and Gray et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 67 (1983) 1). In general, nitrofen affects the same organ systems in rats as it does in mice, but the rank order of sensitivity of these effects differs from those described earlier in the mouse by Gray et al. (Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 67 (1983) 1).
The small-t protein of SV40 is required for loss of actin cable networks and plasminogen activator synthesis in transformed rat cells.

Abstract Of a variety of properties characteristic of SV40 transformed rat embryo fibroblast cells we find that those acquired by minimally transformed cells (the ability to grow clonally and in medium supplemented with low levels of serum) depend only on the large-T protein of SV40 while those properties associated exclusively with fully transformed, tumorigenic cells (growth suspended in methyl cellulose or agar, loss of cytoplasmic actin networks, and synthesis of plasminogen activator) are more likely to occur in cells transformed by viruses which encode the small-t protein as well. In addition one of these properties of the fully transformed cells, PA synthesis, is at least partially independent of large-T activity. Thus the phenotypic difference between the two classes of transformants may be related to the presence or absence of small-t influence within the cell.
913-121 Cardiac Risk Assessment in Liver Transplant Candidates is not Cost-effective

The cost-effectiveness of preoperative noninvasive screening to detect occult coronary artery disease in asymptomatic cohorts has been questioned. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of noninvasive radionuclide testing of myocardial perfusion and function in patients with end-stage liver disease who were referred for nuclear cardiology testing prior to liver transplantation. Seventy of 222 (32%) consecutively transplanted patients had stress perfusion imaging and/or radionuclide angiography (RNA) performed prior to transplantation; 28 patients had imaging with thallium-201 and 10 with technetium-99m sestamibi. Of these 38 patients (mean age: 53 ± 1.6 years; 11 females), 24 had an exercise stress and 14 had a pharmacological stress, either with dipyridamole (11) or dobutamine (3), which was well tolerated even with marked liver failure. Only 5 patients (13%) had a positive scan for ischemia; four scans were interpreted as low risk, with a defect seen in only one scan segment. Only 1 patient was catheterized. Of 28 patients who underwent RNA for detection of a cardiomyopathy (age: 50 ± 1.9 years), only 1 with a known prior myocardial infarction (3.6%) had an ejection fraction l50% and regional wall motion abnormalities. Mean ejection fraction in this group was 63 ± 1.8%. Among the 70 patients followed, there were no perioperative cardiac deaths. Thus, neither preoperative stress perfusion imaging nor RNA appear useful for risk stratification for screening patients prior to liver transplantation. Most such patients have normal studies and a favorable outcome.
Characterization of Six Isomers of [84]Fullerene C84 by Electrochemistry, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, and Molecular Energy Levels Calculations

The electrochemical and electron spin resonance (ESR) fingerprints of six isomers of C84 [D2(IV), D2d(II), D2d(I), D2(II), C2(IV), and Cs(b)] are presented together with density functional theory (...
Karyopherins: from nuclear-transport mediators to nuclear-function regulators

The karyopherin β (or importin β) family comprises soluble transport factors that mediate the movement of proteins and RNAs between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Recent studies have extended the role of karyopherins to regulating assembly of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), assembly of the nuclear envelope, mitosis and replication. New data also address how karyopherins specifically recognize and transport many distinct cargoes and traverse the NPC. These data raise the possibility that, although there might be a universal mechanism for nuclear transport, specific interactions between karyopherins and components of the NPC might function to regulate differentially the ability of the different karyopherins to cross the NPC.
Monoclonal antibody production with on-line harvesting and process monitoring

A semi-automated system has been designed for on-line harvesting and monitoring of monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. [The antibody was directed against the peptide AGPAGTGKTTKDL.] Analytical and purification units were interfaced to the fermenter via a hollow fiber cartridge in which fermentation broth was continuously circulated through the lumen of the hollow fiber system. Permeate from the hollow fiber cartridge was pumped through either an analytical sampling loop or a preparative Protein G column where antibody species were captured. Switching between monitoring and harvesting was achieved by two 3-way toggle valves. Samples from the analytical sampling loop were transported to an analytical Protein G chromatography column for quantitation of all immunoglobulin G species in the fermenter. Data acquisition and processing was performed by the data system of the liquid chromatograph. All valves in the system except the two toggle valves were controlled by the liquid chromatograph. Antibody biosynthesis was monitored for the first 60 h of fermentation. Harvesting was initiated when mAb accumulated in the fermenter. Complete harvesting took approximately 90 h.
Performance of commercial laying hens fed various phosphorus levels, with and without supplemental phytase

Abstract A 17-wk study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing laying hen diets with a commercially produced microbial phytase. Hy-Line W-36 pullets (21 wk of age) were randomly allocated to 1 of 10 diets in a factorial arrangement of five levels of nonphytate phosphorus (0.1 to 0.5% NPP) and two levels of phytase (0 and 300 U/kg feed). Dietary metabolizable energy, protein, and calcium were maintained at 2,816 kcal/kg, 16.6%, and 4%, respectively. Criteria evaluated included egg production, feed consumption, egg weight, egg specific gravity, mortality, and various bone quality parameters. Feeding 0.1% NPP without supplemental phytase decreased egg production (hen-housed) 8.1% over the entire study and 29.6% over the last 4 wk, relative to other diets without supplemental phytase. Similarly, feed consumption of hens fed 0.1% NPP without phytase decreased 5.8% over 17 wk and 13.0% over the last 4 wk. Egg production and feed consumption were maintained at the level of other treatments without phytase when the 0.1% NPP diet was supplemented with phytase (82.1% and 82.4 g per hen per d, respectively). Egg weights and egg specific gravity decreased and mortality increased when hens consumed 0.1% NPP without phytase. Supplementing the 0.1% NPP diet with phytase completely corrected these adverse effects. No deficiency symptoms were observed in hens fed diets containing 0.2 to 0.5% NPP. Phytase supplementation of these diets gave no further improvements in performance.
Abstract 5047: Impact of kidney progenitor cell differentiation status in Wilms tumorigenesis.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Wilms Tumor (WT) is a pediatric cancer of the kidney and one of the most common solid tumors of childhood. It is thought to arise from the undifferentiated renal mesenchyme, however, it is unknown which mesenchymal cell type can give rise to WT. The recent identification of different subsets of human WTs with defined gene expression signature, histology and clinical outcomes suggests that the cell differentiation status may be an important factor in the etiology of these subsets. Therefore, we hypothesize that WT can arise from fetal kidney cells at different differentiation stages and that different progenitor populations will result in different types of tumors in biology, pathology and molecular signature. Our lab has generated the first genetic WT mouse model via somatic and mosaic ablation of Wilms Tumor 1 (Wt1), using a Wt1 conditional knockout allele with a ubiquitous tamoxifen-inducible CGH-Cre, and Igf2 biallelic expression. In this model, all types of embryonic kidney cells were randomly targeted. With this successful approach, we now have the ability to test the effect of introducing these alterations (Wt1 ablation in the context of Igf2 up-regulation or activation of β-Catenin) into kidney nephrogenic (Cited1-CreERT2) or stromagenic (Foxd1-CreERT2) progenitor cells. Very interestingly, when the mutations were introduced into the nephrogenic progenitors (Cited1-CreERT), WTs develop. These tumors express human WT markers and show a tubular histology with predominant epithelial cells, which histologically corresponds to the epithelial subset of human WTs. To further characterize the biology of these tumors, we will perform gene expression analysis and proteomic microarray analysis to identify aberrantly dysregulated signaling pathways. This study will provide insight into the cellular etiology of WT which may help to identify new therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: Le Huang, Sharada Mokkapati, Qianghua Hu, Vicki Huff. Impact of kidney progenitor cell differentiation status in Wilms tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5047. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5047
Hammerhead Ribozymes with a Faster Cleavage Rate

A hammerhead ribozyme that was previously reported to have a rate of chemical cleavage 10-fold faster than that of conventional hammerheads was analyzed in greater detail. Although originally found as a bimolecular hammerhead assembled through helices I and II, fast cleavage was observed in hammerheads in the more conventional helix I−helix III form, provided the sequence of helix I of the fast hammerhead was preserved. Mutations indicated that the fast rate of cleavage was due to the presence of both the U1.1-A2.1 and A1.2-U2.2 base pairs. The faster rate of cleavage was due to a small increase in the activation entropy of the reaction. In addition, we confirmed previous reports that increasing the length of helix I by greater than five base pairs inhibits cleavage slightly and have uncovered a similar effect in helix II.
The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1 β in the Pathogenesis of Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistance

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta (PGC-1beta) is known to be a transcriptional coactivator for SREBP-1, the master regulator of hepatic lipogenesis. Here, we evaluated the role of PGC-1beta in the pathogenesis of fructose-induced insulin resistance by using an antisense oligonucletoide (ASO) to knockdown PGC-1beta in liver and adipose tissue. PGC-1beta ASO improved the metabolic phenotype induced by fructose feeding by reducing expression of SREBP-1 and downstream lipogenic genes in liver. PGC-1beta ASO also reversed hepatic insulin resistance induced by fructose in both basal and insulin-stimulated states. Furthermore, PGC-1beta ASO increased insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose disposal due to a threefold increase in glucose uptake in white adipose tissue. These data support an important role for PGC-1beta in the pathogenesis of fructose-induced insulin resistance and suggest that PGC-1beta inhibition may be a therapeutic target for treatment of NAFLD, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance associated with increased de novo lipogenesis.
Employment seniority: Cases from Iago to Weber

Expectations based on length of service concerning promotion and other conditions of employment antedate institutionalized collective bargaining. With the growth of unionization, formal seniority rules came increasingly to be incorporated in collective agreements to provide fair and objective criteria for regulation of layoffs, recall from layoff, and promotion on the basis of waiting one’s turn in a line of succession. The remedy sought by plaintiffs in discrimination cases is court-ordered assignment to their rightful place on the appropriate seniority roster. Plaintiffs in “reverse discrimination” cases seek ouster of former discriminatees who were placed ahead of them under affirmative action.
Ab initio explanation of the incommensurate phase transition in BaMnF4

Abstract Results of an a priori theoretical study of the origins of the incommensurate instability in BaMnF4 are presented. The most unstable vibrational mode lies at qi = (0.32, 0.5, 0.5)(in fractions of the reciprocal lattice vectors for the orthorhombic lattice), while the observed value is (0.392, 0.5, 0.5). These findings are interpreted in terms of our previously introduced concept of an imperfect, or “latent” symmetry which is extended into a general explanation of incommensurate behavior. A further possible consequence of this is that some strongly incommensurate systems could, in a specific and restricted sense, be novel states of matter.
P wave crustal velocity structure in the greater Mount Rainier area from local earthquake tomography

We present results from a local earthquake tomographic imaging experiment in the greater Mount Rainier area. We inverted P wave arrival times from local earthquakes recorded at permanent and temporary Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network seismographs between 1980 and 1996. We used a method similar to that described by Lees and Crosson [1989], modified to incorporate the parameter separation method for decoupling the hypocenter and velocity problems. In the upper 7 km of the resulting model there is good correlation between velocity anomalies and surface geology. Many focal mechanisms within the St. Helens seismic zone have nodal planes parallel to the epicentral trend as well as to a north-south trending low-velocity trough, leading us to speculate that the trough represents a zone of structural weakness in which a moderate (M 6.5–7.0) earthquake could occur. In contrast, the western Rainier seismic zone does not correlate in any simple way with anomaly patterns or focal mechanism fault planes, leading us to infer that it is less likely to experience a moderate earthquake. A ∼10 km-wide low-velocity anomaly occurs 5 to 18 km beneath the summit of Mount Rainier, which we interpret to be a signal of a region composed of hot, fractured rock with possible small amounts of melt or fluid. No systematic velocity pattern is observed in association with the southern Washington Cascades conductor. A midcrustal anomaly parallels the Olympic-Wallowa lineament as well as several other geophysical trends, indicating that it may play an important role in regional tectonics.
ENHANCING AND USING A SENSE OF PLACE WITHIN URBAN AREAS: A ROLE FOR APPLIED CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

Basic concepts of cultural historical geography have been applied to a variety of community issues in St. Paul, MN. Through the process a sense of place has been developed at several scales. This inclusive sense of place has provided a link among various factions and made possible several compromises in land use and economic development issues. Most of the work was done through undergraduate field seminars.
Infrared Spectral Comparison of Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Adlayers Formed by Direct Chemisorption and Methanol Dissociation on Carbon-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles

A comparison is made between electrochemical infrared reflection−absorption spectra for carbon monoxide adlayers formed on carbon-supported platinum nanoparticle films by direct chemisorption from solution CO and via methanol dissociation. In addition to the importance of the C/Pt materials as electrocatalysts in methanol-based fuel cells, clarifying the nature of the extent of CO formation from the latter solute is motivated by the use of methanol as a source of chemisorbed CO at these and related interfaces. As in previous studies, commercial C/Pt materials were employed, having metal loadings from 10 to 60%, corresponding to nanoparticle diameters from ca. 2 to 9 nm. Ultrathin C/Pt films with excellent infrared as well as voltammetric characteristics were prepared by physical deposition onto gold. Absolute C−O stretching (νCO) bands as a function of electrode potential, CO coverage, and nanoparticle size were obtained upon solution CO dosing, as usual, by subtracting a reference spectrum measured follo...
Evidence-based focused review of the status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as treatment of sickle cell disease and thalassemia

#### Medscape Continuing Medical Education online This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint providership of Medscape, LLC and the American Society of Hematology
Sampled-data modeling of switching regulators

The high-frequency capabilities of two switching regulator modeling techniques, state-space averaging and discrete modeling, are compared. A new linear, small-signal modeling technique, which combines the continuous form of state-space averaging with the accuracy of discrete modeling, is then developed. This new method, called sampled-data modeling, succeeds, where state-space averaging fails, in predicting the subharmonic instability in current-programmed regulators, and is shown to be of significant usefulness in the design of high-performance switching regulators.