cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of a forest gap model for prediction of browsing effects on riparian forest succession

Selective browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) severely impacts seedling dynamics within riparian forests on the Patuxent Research Refuge, MD. To evaluate the long-term implications of browsing for forest dynamics, field studies of seedling recruitment, seedling growth, and photosynthetic performance are used to adapt a forest gap model (ZELIG) for simulating browsing interactions with tree species life history characteristics. Primary alterations to the model include addition of small seedling demography, soil saturation effects, shade adaption of tree photosynthesis, and browsing algorithms. Simulated stands were subjected to browsing as a function of total seedling density. If a stand is browsed, then seedling species are browsed selectively based on deer feeding preferences. Model output without browsing impacts closely matches current riparian forest composition. Simulated browsing depresses total forest basal area during mid-succession by reducing regeneration and growth of early successional yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), allowing late successional American beech (Fagus grandifolia) to gain earlier dominance. Greater browsing intensities increase the impact on basal area and displace overall forest composition further from control conditions. Control and browsing simulations converge toward an American beech dominated forest in late succession. Thus browsing interacts with tree species life history strategies to alter the rate of succession, but not the long-term trajectory of succession. Further advances in simulating the impacts of deer browsing will benefit from incorporating landscape-scale deer population dynamics and spatially explicit distributions of forest trees.
Catheter-based renal denervation in the treatment of resistant hypertension

Clinical trials have shown that catheter-based renal denervation (RD), i.e. interruption of afferent and efferent sympathetic nerves supplying the kidney, can reduce systolic blood pressure (BP) by approximately 30 mm Hg. This technology is currently being tested as a therapeutic option for patients with resistant hypertension, a condition in which BP remains elevated despite adherence to a rational medication regimen. This novel treatment approach was developed on the basis of a wealth of animal and human research demonstrating the importance of the sympathorenal axis in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Sympathetic efferent signals to the kidneys raise BP by stimulating sodium retention and renin release, and the kidneys influence central sympathetic drive via afferent nerves. But as is true with many therapeutic advances, RD has shown benefit in clinical studies long before the mechanisms are fully understood. Additional research is needed to understand the contribution of afferent sympathetic nerve interruption to BP reductions observed with RD; to examine the degree and significance of re-innervation following RD; to elucidate factors that may lead to a lack of response to RD in some patients; to determine whether the modulation of the sympathetic nervous system via RD can have beneficial effects independent of BP reduction; and to develop methods to measure the effectiveness of RD in real time.
Parkin dosage mutations have greater pathogenicity in familial PD than simple sequence mutations

Objective: Mutations in both alleles of parkin have been shown to result in Parkinson disease (PD). However, it is unclear whether haploinsufficiency (presence of a mutation in only 1 of the 2 parkin alleles) increases the risk for PD. Methods: We performed comprehensive dosage and sequence analysis of all 12 exons of parkin in a sample of 520 independent patients with familial PD and 263 controls. We evaluated whether presence of a single parkin mutation, either a sequence (point mutation or small insertion/deletion) or dosage (whole exon deletion or duplication) mutation, was found at increased frequency in cases as compared with controls. We then compared the clinical characteristics of cases with 0, 1, or 2 parkin mutations. Results: We identified 55 independent patients with PD with at least 1 parkin mutation and 9 controls with a single sequence mutation. Cases and controls had a similar frequency of single sequence mutations (3.1% vs 3.4%, p = 0.83); however, the cases had a significantly higher rate of dosage mutations (2.6% vs 0%, p = 0.009). Cases with a single dosage mutation were more likely to have an earlier age at onset (50% with onset at ≤45 years) compared with those with no parkin mutations (10%, p = 0.00002); this was not true for cases with only a single sequence mutation (25% with onset at ≤45 years, p = 0.06). Conclusions: Parkin haploinsufficiency, specifically for a dosage mutation rather than a point mutation or small insertion/deletion, is a risk factor for familial PD and may be associated with earlier age at onset.
Cyclophilins are encoded by a small gene family in rice.

cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced that encode two related but distinct rice cyclophilins,Cyp1 andCyp2. The predicted amino acid sequences of each are 72% identical to human T-cell cyclophilin. Genomic DNA gel blot analysis suggests cyclophilins in rice are encoded by a small, 6–10-member gene family. BothCyp1 andCyp2 have seven extra amino acid residues in the N-terminal portion of the proteins that are not found in human or other non-plant cyclophilins, suggesting that this is a characteristic of plant cyclophilins.Cyp2 was expressed as 1000 nt transcripts in leaf and root tissues.Cyp1 was expressed as 800 and 900 nt transcripts. Whereas the 900 nt transcript was present in both root and leaf mRNA, the 800 nt transcript was only detectable in root mRNA. A genomic clone ofCyp2 was isolated, sequenced and shown to lack introns. A single transcriptional start site was identified 27 residues downstream of a putative TATA box. The 5′ end of the transcript was shown to contain a region rich in adenyl residues (27 of 35). This region would not be conducive to secondary structure formation, which raises the possibility thatCyp2 might be preferentially translated during stress conditions.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of platensimycin analogues with varying degrees of molecular complexity

The molecular design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of two distinct series of platensimycin analogues with varying degrees of complexity are described. The first series of compounds probes the biological importance of the benzoic acid subunit of the molecule, while the second series explores the tetracyclic cage domain. The biological data obtained reveal that, while the substituted benzoic acid domain of platensimycin is a highly conserved structural motif within the active compounds with strict functional group requirements, the cage domain of the molecule can tolerate considerable structural modifications without losing biological action. These findings refine our present understanding of the platensimycin pharmacophore and establish certain structure-activity relationships from which the next generation of designed analogues of this new antibiotic may emerge.
A STOCHASTIC MODEL OF THE DYNAMICS OF HOST-PATHOGEN SYSTEMS WITH MUTATION.

In this paper a stochastic model of the dynamics of host-pathogen systems with mutation is constructed. In previous works deterministic models of host-pathogen systems with no mutation were considered. The evolution of the pathogen population in any generation of the host is formulated as a multidimensional birth and death process, while the evolution of genotypic frequencies in successive generations of the host is described by a solution of a nonlinear vector difference equation. A general solution of the differential equations of the multidimensional birth and death process is presented and expressions for the stationary distribution, whenever it exists, and the mean time to extinction, when absorbing states are present, are derived. Some answers to questions raised in the discussion of a previous paper (Mode, 1962) are also contained in this paper.
Passive transfer of Heymann nephritis with serum

Passive transfer of Heymann nephritis with serum. Transfer of the lesions of Heymann nephritis has been accomplished with serum. The donors had been injected with homologous renal tissue in Freund's adjuvant and, in addition, with B. pertussis, a procedure that results in unusually severe disease. Typical glomerular lesions with granular subepithelial deposits of IgG and β 1 C, were demonstrated in recipient rats within eleven days after the first injection of donor serum. Transfer was also accomplished with 7S fractions of donor serum. The results are interpreted as indicating that the recipient lesions result not from transfer of immune complexes, but rather of free antibody, which combines with circulating antigen in the recipient, possibly forming soluble complexes in antibody excess. Le transfert passif du nephrite de Heymann avec le serum. Le transfert des lesions du nephrite de Heymann a ete accompli avec le serum. Les donneurs avient recu des injections de tissue renal homologue melanges a des adjuvants de Freunds, ainsi que de B. pertussis, un procede qui produit une maladie exceppionnellement severe. Des lesions glomerulaires pypiques de depots granulares sous epitheliaux d'IgG et de β 1 C, ont ete demontrees chez les rats recipients onze jours apres l'injection initiale du serum. Le transfert a ete aussi accompli avec le fraction 7S du serum des donneurs. Les resultats font interpertes comme indication que les lesions renales recipients ne resultent pas du transfert des complexes immuns, mais plutot des anticorps libres, lesquelles combines avec des antigenes circulant dans le recipient, peuvrent former des complexes soluble en presence des anticorps en exces.
An estimate on the blowing-up solutions of a fourth-order equation

Abstract In this short paper I prove a Harnack type inequality of the blowing-up solutions for a class of fourth-order equations with exponential growth on a compact four manifold. The main method I use is the moving-plane method.
Synthesis and properties of α and ε pyridoxyl lysines and their phosphorylated derivatives(

Abstract The structure of the coenzyme-binding site of several pyridoxal 5'-phosphate containing enzymes has recently been determined after fixation of the cofactor by sodium borohydride reduction. In all instances, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was found to be linked to a unique lysyl residue of the protein. This work describes the synthesis, separation and characterization of several pyridoxyl-lysine derivatives, namely Nα-pyridoxyl-, Ne-pyridoxyl-, Ne-phosphopyridoxyl-, and Nα, Ne-dipyridoxyl-lysine that should allow for their unambiguous identification and determination. Their fluorescence properties, quantum yields and differential responses to 2,6-dichloroquinone chloroimide and diazotized p-amino acetophenone are also described together with a number of solvent and buffer systems enabling their separation on thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography and electrophoresis and various automated methods of analysis. Absorption spectra of all four derivatives were determined as a function of pH from which ionization constants were calculated. Sharp isosbestic points were observed with Ne-pyridoxyl- and phosphopyridoxyl-lysine but not with the unphosphorylated Nα-substituted derivatives, probably because of the slow ionization of their phenolic hydroxyl groups. This effect was particularly pronounced with Nα-pyridoxyl-lysine which showed a marked hysteresis during titration in the alkaline range.
Nondiarrheal Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Neonatal Foals

Neonates can have a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, primary and secondary in nature. Important primary disorders include con-genital abnormalities and meconium retention. One of the most important secondary lesions is generalized ileus. Gastric ulceration can occur as a primary or secondary event. This article addresses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal problems commonly observed in neonatal foals.
Concurrent and vectorized Monte Carlo simulation of the evolution of an assembly of particles increasing in number

Abstract Parallel Monte Carlo techniques for simulating the evolution of an assembly of charged particles interacting with a background gas medium under the influence of an electrical field are presented. This simulation problem has inherent parallelism in nature. All particles can be traced independently in a short time interval. We have overcome three major difficulties: (1) the number of particles to be simulated is increasing over time due to the ionization process; (2) the conditional branching statements do not inhibit multiprocessing through proper manual program tuning; (3) concurrency and vectorization are fully utilized through the new parallelized Monte Carlo method. The shared-memory vector multiprocessor alliant FX/80 has been used for performance measurements. Significant speedup has been achieved.
Percutaneous retrieval of an Amplatzer septal occluder device that had migrated to the aortic arch.

The secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD) is a relatively common finding in the general population, occurring at a reported rate of 3.78 per 100,000 live births [1], and comprising approximately 6–10% of all congenital cardiac defects [2]. When faced with a symptomatic ASD, there are several methods of treatment available. Open surgery with occlusion of the ASD is the time-honored treatment [3], but percutaneous placement of an occluder device has been the preferred treatment for several years [4]. The choice for the closure method is mainly based on the severity of symptoms, the underlying medical condition, cardiovascular anatomy [5, 6], and the size of the septal defect [7]. Surgical repair has been practiced for more than 50 years and often is preferred when the ASD size is larger and the symptoms are more severe [3]. However, percutaneous occluder device placement has largely replaced surgery when the patient is incapable of withstanding a major procedure, when the septal defect is\24 mm [8], and when the septal defect is not located near other vital cardiovascular structures [6]. The Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) device has been extensively studied for the percutaneous closure of both ventricular as well as atrial septal defects [9, 10]. Using the approach first described in 1976 by King and Mills [4], the Amplatzer device can be placed via a venous route, and may be secured without placing the patient under general anesthesia or using cardiopulmonary bypass. Although percutaneous device placement has been found to have a lower rate of overall complications than surgical closure [5], there have been several reports of adverse events in the literature [5, 6, 8]. The case presented here describes a complication that has not yet been reported, related to the migration of the device to the aortic arch.
Electrophoretic evaluation of the taxonomic status of two species of sea anemone

Puerto Rican populations of two species of sea anemones (Bunodosoma cavernata and B. granulifera) which had previously been considered one were assayed electrophoretically for enzymes encoded by 12 loci. The two species shared no common allozymes at 6 of the 12 loci. Genetic distance and identity values based on these allozymes were computed for the Puerto Rican populations and for B. cavernata from Florida and B. granulifera from Panama. The Puerto Rican populations of both species had much higher genetic identities for their geographically distant conspecifics than for each other. These results indicate that the two species are reproductively isolated and should be considered as separate valid species. Average heterozygosities are presented which are the first published for coelenterate species.
Alfred Jaretzki III, MD

lfred Jaretzki III, Professor Emeritus of ClinicalSurgery at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Centerin New York City, died at age 94 on May 29, 2014.Fred, as he was known to family, friends, and col-leagues, was born in Greenwich, Connecticut. Hehad a distinguished career as a cardiothoracic sur-geon in the Department of Surgery at the Collegeof Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University,a career that spanned nearly a half century beforehis retirement from the operating room in 1992.Fred remained highly engaged in academic surgeryand medicine after his retirement by continuingclose collaborations with neurologists who sharedhis interest in myasthenia gravis.While at Harvard College, Fred served as cap-tain of the junior varsity football team and treas-urer of the Lampoon troupe. After graduating in1941, he enrolled in Harvard Medical School, latermoving to New York City, where he spent nearlyhis entire academic career. He trained in surgeryat Presbyterian and Lenox Hill Hospitals between1944 and 1955, a period that was interrupted bymilitary service. In 1954, he was hired as aninstructor at the College of Physicians andSurgeons, beginning a 48-year tenure in theiroperating rooms as a member of the surgical fac-ulty. Early in his cardiothoracic surgery career hewas part of the team that developed synthetic vas-cular grafts. In neurology circles, Fred was knownfor the crucial role he played in the deﬁnition ofthe anatomy of the thymus and in its complete ornear-complete excision from the anterior mediasti-num as therapy in myasthenia gravis. He pio-neered the maximal thymectomy that includedboth transsternal and transcervical incisions to fullyremove thymic tissue from retrothyroid, cervical,and inferior mediastinal regions. In work per-formed with neurology colleagues from Columbiain the 1990s, he demonstrated that crude remis-sion rates with the maximal thymectomy approachexceeded those from less invasive techniques. Fredhad the reputation of being meticulous in theoperating room, attending personally to everydetail of the surgery. He publically challenged sur-gical colleagues at other institutions to demon-strate that less extensive thymectomy approacheswith less complete thymus removal were equallyeffective in managing myasthenia; in the end, hisviews that a complete resection was needed pre-vailed. Fred also led the charge to standardize clin-ical classiﬁcations and outcome assessments inmyasthenia gravis, culminating in the seminal rec-ommendations for clinical research standards pub-lished in 2000.
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and glucose-induced down regulation of glucose transport in L6 myotubes

Based on experiments in cultured adipocytes, it has been proposed that glucose-induced down regulation of glucose transport is mediated by the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to glucosamine-6-phosphate via the first and rate-determining enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (glutamine hexosephosphate aminotransferase). Evidence for this assertion was: (a) L-glutamine, the provider group for the aminotransferase was essential; (b) two inhibitors of glutamine hexosephosphate aminotransferase, 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine (L form) and azaserine, blocked glucose-induced down regulation of glucose transport; (c) azaserine inhibited the activity of the aminotransferase, (d) glucosamine, which enters the hexosamine pathway distal to this enzyme was 40-times more potent than glucose; and (e) azaserine was unable to block the effect of glucosamine. Since muscle is quantitatively much more important than adipose tissue for whole body glucose utilization, we sought to determine if the hexosamine pathway was involved in glucose-induced down regulation of glucose transport in L6 myotubes. Glucose was effective, both in the presence and absence of glutamine in the incubation media. Glucosamine was also effective but was as equipotent as glucose. Small amounts of glutamine hexosephosphate aminotransferase were present in the L6 myotubes and although the leucine derivative (20 microM) inhibited the enzyme, it did not impair glucose-induced down regulation of glucose transport. Total GLUT-1 levels were similar when the cells were incubated in the absence or presence of 5 mM glucose or glucosamine although glucosamine was associated with a marked increase in a lower molecular weight band. These results do not suggest that the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is involved in glucose-induced down regulation of glucose transport in L6 myotubes. Thus, this phenomenon is regulated differently in muscle and fat.
Hurricane structure and evolution as simulated by an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic numerical model

Abstract This paper reports numerical simulations of the hurricane vortex by an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic numerical model with 2 km maximum horizontal resolution. Moist convection is modeled explicitly using two different microphysical parameterizations. The first simulates liquid water processes only, whereas the second includes ice processes as well. Although concentric rings of convection associated with local maxima of the tangential wind form in both versions of the model, they are much more common when ice processes are included. As they contract about the vortex center, the outer ones supplant the inner. Their contraction follows the mechanism suggested by balanced-vortex models. Some of the rings appear to form through symmetric instability of the vortex, and others—particularly when ice processes are included—through interactions between precipitation-induced downdrafts and the boundary layer. Both the rings’ evolution and the detailed structure of the vortex core are similar to recent aircraf...
Lipid composition of cohesive and desquamated corneocytes from mouse ear skin.

An organ culture system has been used to examine differences in the lipid compositions of materials derived from cohesive and desquamated mouse ear stratum corneum. Within this culture system, skin explants display rates of cell replication and differentiation comparable to those observed in vivo for up to 2 weeks and, during this period, loosened or dishesive material accumulates at the surface. Lipid compositions were determined for both intact and loosened stratum corneum derived from cultured skin and also for freshly prepared stratum corneum. In all 3 cases, the profiles of the nonpolar lipids and ceramides were essentially the same; some of the nonpolar lipids appeared to be of sebaceous origin. The only changes detected upon desquamation were reductions of cholesteryl sulfate and a second unidentified lipid of similar polarity. Cholesteryl sulfate constitutes 4–5% of the polar lipid in fresh stratum corneum or stratum corneum from organ culture. This is reduced to 0.4% in the desquamated material which accumulates in the culture system. The unidentified lipid decreases from 1–2% of the polar lipid in intact fresh or cultured stratum corneum to 0.1% in the desquamated material. The possible function of cholesteryl sulfate in corneocyte cohesion is discussed.
Interaction of myosin A with ions.

Abstract The interaction of myosin with ions has been investigated by several different methods. The preparation of salt-free myosin by gel filtration using dextran Sephadex G-50 is described. The solubility studies indicate that the precipitation of myosin at low ionic strength is a nonspecific ionic strength effect. The anion binding promotes the resolubilization of myosin. In solutions of strongly negative polyvalent anions (ADP/ ATP, PP, etc.) the precipitation of myosin does not occur, whereas in solutions of bivalent cations the zone of precipitation of myosin is extended. The molecular weight and the radius of gyration of the myosin molecule are not significantly affected by interaction with ions under conditions where myosin is fully soluble. It appears that ion binding influences the charge on the protein, as was confirmed by measurements of electrophoretic mobility of myosin in polyvalent anionic media. The influence of anions on the ATPase activity of myosin and the possible role of anion binding in the contractile process are discussed.
Further study of the relationship between pre- and postsynaptic potentials in the squid giant synapse.

The minimal presynaptic depolarization (MPD) for producing a detectable postsynaptic potential (PSP) was lower than 25 mv in normal or tetrodotoxin (TTX)-containing seawater. The MPD was about 10 mv when a small amount of tetraethylammonium ions (TEA) was injected into the presynaptic terminal. Application of linearly increasing depolarizing current to the normal presynaptic terminal at times produced a PSP before a presynaptic spike was evoked; the rate of rise of the resulting PSP was much slower than that of a PSP triggered by the normal presynaptic spike. A brief depolarizing pulse that preceded the presynaptic spike in normal seawater or the initial transient presynaptic depolarization in TTX decreased the PSP. It increased the PSP when it was applied during the spike or initial transient depolarization. Hyperpolarizing pulses had the reverse effect. The Off-PSP was also modified by inserting pulses at an initial part of the recovery phase of the strong presynaptic depolarization. These results indicate further that increases in Na+ and K+ conductance during presynaptic spike activity are not a requirement for transmitter release; the rate of release of transmitter can be controlled by electrical manipulation of the presynaptic terminal; there is a superficial correspondence between the time courses of presynaptic depolarization and the resulting PSP. Thus presynaptic depolarization appears to be only the first step in the series of events constituting excitation-transmitter release coupling. It may not be a necessary step for the release mechanism.
Holons on a meandering stripe: Quantum numbers

We attempt to access the regime of strong coupling between charge carriers and transverse dynamics of an isolated conducting ''stripe,'' such as those found in cuprate superconductors. A stripe is modeled as a partially doped domain wall in an antiferromagnet (AF), introduced in the context of two different models: the t-J model with strong Ising anisotropy, and the Hubbard model in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The domain walls with a given linear charge density are supported artificially by boundary conditions. In both models we find a regime of parameters where doped holes lose their spin and become holons (charge Q=1, spin S{sub 3}=0), which can move along the stripe without frustrating AF environment. One aspect in which the holons on the AF domain wall differ from those in an ordinary one-dimensional electron gas is their transverse degree of freedom: a mobile holon always resides on a transverse kink (or antikink) of the domain wall. This gives rise to two holon flavors and to a strong coupling between doped charges and transverse fluctuations of a stripe. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Multilamina teevani gen. et sp. nov., a microsporidian pathogen of the neotropical termite Uncitermes teevani.

Abstract A new genus and species of microsporidia is described from adults of the termite Uncitermes teevani (Emerson) (n. comb., formerly Armitermes teevani), collected in Ecuador. Masses of elongate, ovoid, uninucleate spores were localized to the coelomic cavity of adult workers and measured 6.29 × 3.33 μm (fresh) and 5.83 × 3.00 μm (fixed). These spores were individually contained within a multi-layered sporophorous vesicle and contained an isofilar polar filament with 24–28 coils. Blast-n analysis revealed that the small subunit ribosomal DNA (ssrDNA) sequence of this new species exhibited 85% identity with that of a Varimorpha species from the fire ant, Solenopsis richteri, and slightly less (78–85% identity) to a large clade of microsporidian parasites from mosquitoes and microcrustacea. The morphological and sequence data support the conclusion that Multilamina teevani gen. et sp. nov. is a novel microsporidium and distinct from any previously described genera or species.
A COST OF OWNERSHIP METRIC AND ITS USE ‐ A PLACE TO START

At a time when Government budget cuts are in vogue and increased military readiness is the goal, knowledge of system cost of ownership is essential for decision-makers and system engineers. As with many aspects of our economy, costs associated with operating and maintaining our C4I systems continue to climb. Understanding and correctly using a cost of ownership metric can direct attention to problem areas, help prioritize changes to the system, and track the impact of system improvements over time. This paper introduces the reader to the rationale and intended use for one approach to measuring the cost of ownership for a space surveillance radar system. The intent is to provide a starting point for learning more about the subject. By using such a metric, it will become possible to achieve the goal of increasing mission success for less cost.
In Situ Observation of Crack Behavior in Compressively Loaded Plasma‐Sprayed 7‐wt%‐Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia

A plasma-sprayed 7-wt%-yttria-stabilized zirconia stand-alone tube was incrementally loaded in uniaxial compression inside a scanning electron microscope. Micrographs taken at each increment showed cracks perpendicular to the applied load to have partially closed and cracks parallel to the applied load to have opened. New cracks were observed to nucleate and then propagate in a direction parallel to the applied load.
Consistent estimation of the bispectral density function of a harmonizable process

In this note, the consistency of a bispectral density estimator of strongly harmonizable processes is obtained. A resampling procedure is used consisting of an α-mixing sequence of sample paths of the process.
On thermal quenching of the photoconductivity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract Thermal quenching (TQ) of the photoconductivity [sgrave]p is the decrease in [sgrave]p with increasing temperature. We present an explanation for TQ of [sgrave]p usually observed above 100 K in undoped and weakly doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). With computer simulations employing the theory of Simmons and Taylor, we show that TQ is caused by the natural density of gap states of a-Si: H. The onset of thermal quenching occurs at the temperature TTQ where the trapped hole density in the valence band tail has decreased to twice the density ND of dangling bonds. We elucidate the experimental observation that TTQ shifts to lower temperatures as the Fermi level shifts toward the valence band or as ND is increased and explain the reported superlinear dependence of the inverse photoconductivity [sgrave]p −1 on ND . We test and discuss the validity of the Simmons-Taylor theory by comparing the simulated and experimental temperature dependences of the Rose exponent γ, which relates the photoc...
Blastic phase of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia simulating malignant lymphoma

A patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia in blastic transformation with unusually prominent lymphadenopathy simulating lymphoma is described. Interestingly, the initial evidence of myeloblastic transformation was present in the lymph nodes but not in the marrow. Serial bone marrow biopsies showed fibrosis throughout the course of the disease, in spite of a gradual increase in the percentage of peripheral blood myeloblasts. Aneuploidy with a marker chromosome and a Philadelphia-like chromosome was present in the lymph node, bone marrow, and peripheral blood cells. The literature is reviewed regarding the incidence of prominent lymphadenopathy and chromosome abnormalities in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and other myeloproliferative disorders.
A Model Investigation of the Influence of Particle Shape on Portland Cement Hydration

Abstract The NIST Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL) is used to simulate the influence of particle shape on the hydration kinetics and setting of portland cement. Building on previous work in reconstructing particle shapes from real cements, real-shape particles are used to produce three-dimensional digitized cement paste microstructures, and the hydration of these microstructures is tracked using VCCTL. The degree of hydration and percolation of solids is monitored and compared to experimental data at several water–cement ratios. The simulations predict that shapes of particles influence cement hydration in two ways: the additional surface / volume ratio relative to spherical particles results in greater rates of hydration, and the anisometry in shape influences the degree of hydration at which the particles and hydration products percolate to form a stiff three-dimensional network.
Workplace collaborative space layout typology and occupant perception of collaboration environment

The value of effective collaboration has become increasingly critical for organizational performance and agility. Along with technical and managerial strategies, the workspace spatial environment needs to be recognized and studied for its impact on collaboration and interactive behavior at work. Most spatial parameters studied in the workplace research literature are workstation-scale characteristics. However, these may not sufficiently describe the variety of shared spaces in which collaborative work and interactions take place. Based on a two-year multiple-site field study of workplace settings, this paper explores the space typology of a wide spectrum of formal and informal collaborative spaces, and it introduces a new set of layout-scale quantitative indices to describe the amount and distribution of collaborative spaces in a workplace. This research tested layout-scale spatial variables and compared them with workstation-scale variables in order to determine how well these variables predict the occup...
Preparation and properties of iodinated angiotensins.

Abstract Monoiodoangiotensin II amide and diiodoangiotensin II amide were synthesized and purified. The monoiodo derivative was less active than native angiotensin II in both biologic and immunologie assays. Its potency was from 25 to 80 per cent of the parent compound depending on the assay system. Diiodoangiotensin II amide was less active than monoiodoangiotensin II amide. Its potency was 2 to 24 per cent of angiotensin. Conflicting results in the literature regarding the activity of iodinated angiotensins may have resulted from the use of different mixtures of the two compounds and different assay methods.
Why have parasites promoting mating success been observed so rarely

Host manipulation by sexually transmitted parasites which increases host mating rate and thus parasite transmission rate has long been viewed as a plausible parasite adaptation. However, empirical evidence for it is rare. Here, using an adaptive dynamics approach to evolution, we explore conditions under which such disease-induced mating enhancement is (or is not) likely to occur. We find that increased mating success is less likely to evolve if the host reproduction rate, or the baseline disease transmission rate, is reduced, and the parasite affects just one sex, compared to when it affects both. We also find that it is less likely to evolve if the virulence-transmission trade-off curve is stronger, since we assume that enhanced disease transmission can only be achieved at the cost of increased virulence and as this trade-off is concave. In addition, we demonstrate that if disease-induced mating enhancement is equally acting in both sexes the mating system has no effect on evolutionary outcomes. On the contrary, if disease-induced mating enhancement is acting in just one sex, the potential for its evolution increases with the degree of polygyny in the host population. To study the examined phenomenon in greater detail we encourage further empirical research on this apparently less explored impact of sexually transmitted parasites on host fitness.
Attribute-Based COTS Product Interoperability Assessment

Software systems today are frequently composed from prefabricated commercial components that provide complex functionality and engage in complex interactions. Such projects that utilize multiple commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products often confront interoperability conflicts resulting in budget and schedule overruns. These conflicts occur because of the incompatible assumptions made by developers of these products. Identification of such conflicts and planning strategies to resolve them is critical for developing such systems under budget and schedule constraints. Unfortunately, acquiring information to perform interoperability analysis is a time-intensive process. Moreover, increase in the number of COTS products available to fulfill similar functionality leads to hundreds of COTS product combinations, further complicating the COTS interoperability assessment landscape. In this paper we present a set of attributes that can be used to define COTS interoperability-specific characteristics. COTS product definitions based on these attributes can be used to perform high-level and automated interoperability assessment to filter out COTS product combinations whose integration will not be feasible within project constraints. In addition to above stated attributes, we present a tool that can be used to assess COTS-based architectures for interoperability conflicts, reducing the overall effort spent in performing interoperability analysis. Our preliminary experience in using the framework indicates an increase in interoperability assessment productivity by 50% and accuracy by 20%
The complete unique long sequence and the overall genomic organization of the GA strain of Marek's disease virus.

We have determined the DNA sequence of the unique long (UL) region and the repeat long (RL) region in the genome of serotype 1 GA strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV), a member of the α-herpesvirus family. With this information, the complete nucleotide sequence of GA-MDV is now known. The entire GA-MDV genome is predicted to be about 174 kbp in size, with an organization of TRL-UL-IRL-IRS-US-TRS, typical of a α-herpesvirus. The UL sequence contains 113,508 bp and has a base composition of 41.7% G + C. A total of 67 ORFs were identified completely within the UL region, among which 55 are homologous to genes encoded by herpes simplex virus-1. Twelve of them are unique with presently unknown functions. The sequence of RL reported here together with those published earlier reveal the major structural features of the RL. Virtually all of the ORFs encoded by RL are specific to serotype I of MDV. These ORFs are likely to contribute to some of the unique biological properties of MDV. Among the proteins encoded by MDV-specific ORFs are Meq, a jun/fos family of transcriptional factor implicated in transformation and latency, virus-encoded interleukin-8, a CXC chemokine, and pp38 and pp24, two phosphoproteins with undefined functions. There is also a putative lipase gene (LORF2) that has homologies in HPRS-24 (serotype II) strain of MDV and in various avian adenoviruses. An additional unique feature of MDV is the presence of long terminal repeat remnant sequences of avian retrovirus reticuloendotheliosis virus. These remnant sequences are derived from the U3-enhancer region through ancestral insertions by reticuloendotheliosis virus proviruses.
Consumer Preference for Mandarins: Implications of a Sensory Analysis

Although consumption of mandarins has grown steadily in the United States, mandarin cultivars being produced and consumed have been changing. The goal of this research was to identify factors that impact consumer choice of mandarins. In this analysis, consumers were presented with multiple mandarins for taste tests and then asked to identify their willingness to purchase the products. The results from our study suggest that sweetness, shape, acidity, and flavor are the most important factors related to their willingness to try a mandarin, and factors such as seeds, size of fruit, color, and overall appearance were less important. [Econ Lit classifications: Q13]. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RHEOLOCY OF AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS OF ALUMINA, TITANIA AND MIXTURE OF ALUMINA AND TITANIA POWDERS

ABSTRACT The electrophoretic mobility and rheology of alumina, titania and alumina / titania powder mixtures ( ratio of alumina : titania 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 ) were investigated in aqueous suspensions in the pH range 3 - 10. The results suggest that the electrophoretic mobility of the individual powders is independent of the particle concentration, but the electrokinetic behavior of the powder mixture depends upon the concentration of the individual constituents. The rheology of all the suspensions is charge related and while alumina and alumina / titania ( ratio 2 : 1 ) flocculate at pH 9.0 both titania and alumina / titania ( ratio 1 : 2 ) form low viscous dispersions. Similarly while later dispersions flocculate at pH 5.6, the former dispersions behave as Newtonian type fluids. Better correlation between the slip rheology and the electrokinetic behavior of suspensions containing both alumina and titania powders can be obtained provided the experimental results are evaluated based upon the total surface are...
Hemocytes Are Sites of Enteric Virus Persistence within Oysters

The goal of this study was to determine how enteric viruses persist within shellfish tissues. Several lines of novel evidence show that phagocytic blood cells (hemocytes) of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) play an important role in the retention of virus particles. Our results demonstrated an association of virus contamination with hemocytes but not with hemolymph. Live oysters contaminated overnight with hepatitis A virus (HAV) and murine norovirus (MNV) had 56% and 80% of extractable virus associated with hemocytes, respectively. Transfer of HAV-contaminated hemocytes to naive (virus-free) oysters resulted in naive oyster meat testing HAV positive for up to 3 weeks. Acid tolerance of HAV, MNV, poliovirus (PV), and feline calicivirus (FCV) correlated with the ability of each virus to persist within oysters. Using reverse transcriptionPCR (RT-PCR) to evaluate persistence of these viruses in oysters, we showed that HAV persisted the longest (>21 days) and was most acid resistant, MNV and PV were less tolerant of acidic pH, persisting for up to 12 days and 1 day, respectively, and FCV did not persist (<1 day) within oysters and was not acid tolerant. This suggests that the ability of a virus to tolerate the acidic conditions typical of phagolysosomal vesicles within hemocytes plays a role in determining virus persistence in shellfish. Evaluating oyster and hemocyte homogenates and live contaminated oysters as a prelude to developing improved viral RNA extraction methods, we found that viruses were extracted more expediently from hemocytes than from whole shellfish tissues and gave similar RT-PCR detection sensitivities.
A future for missiology as the queen of theology

This article calls for a new dialogue between the disciplines of Western systematic theology and missiology, attempting to overcome the specialist tendency that dominates all of academia. Following Wilbert Shenk in particular, it proposes a missional model for systematic theology as an alternative to modern and postmodern models. An earlier version of this article was presented in a workshop in June 2013 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Missiology as part of its three-year discussion of the future of missiology.
Signal stability of Cy3 and Cy5 on antibody microarrays

The antibody microarray technique is a newly emerging proteomics tool for differential protein expression analyses that uses fluorescent dyes Cy 3 and Cy 5. Environmental factors, such as light exposure, can affect the signal intensity of fluorescent dyes on microarray slides thus, it is logical to scan microarray slides immediately after the final wash and drying processes. However, no research data are available concerning time-dependent changes of fluorescent signals on antibody microarray slides to this date. In the present study, microarray slides were preserved at -20°C after regular microarray experiments and were rescanned at day 10, 20 and 30 to evaluate change in signal intensity. Fluorescent intensities of microarray spots were detected using a confocal laser scanner after the experiment at day 0, and re-examined at day 10, 20 and 30, respectively. Fluorescent intensities of rescanned microarray spots did not show significant changes when compared with those scanned immediately after standard microarray experiments. Microarray slides can be preserved and rescanned multiple times using a confocal laser scanner over a period of days or weeks.
Should levodopa be infused into the duodenum

After nearly three decades of research, the advantages of continuous dopaminomimetic therapies in Parkinson disease are now widely accepted and have been a major impetus for the pharmaceutical industry to develop agents and formulations that provide steady drug delivery to the brain. The question that remains unsettled is how best to achieve this goal. Strategies that have been tested include controlled release oral levodopa/carbidopa formulations,1 IV or intraduodenal levodopa infusions,2,3 parenteral infusions of levodopa prodrugs or dopamine agonists such as apomorphine and lisuride,4,5 long-acting oral dopamine agonists,6 transdermal delivery of dopamine agonists,7 and inhibitors of dopamine catabolizing enzymes allowing longer presence of the transmitter at the synaptic cleft.8 Some of these approaches have made it to the market and are being used with various degrees of success, while others remain experimental largely because of impracticality of their delivery systems. Therefore, the search goes on for ways to stimulate striatal dopamine receptors …
Linear Free Energy Relationship Correlations for Enthalpies of Solvation of Organic Solutes into Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Based on the Abraham Model with Ion-Specific Equation Coefficients

Mathematical correlations have been developed for describing the enthalpy of solvation of organic solutes into room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on the Abraham general solvation model with ion-specific equation coefficients. The derived correlations contain six cation-specific and six anion-specific equation coefficients that were determined through regression analyses. The derived equations correlated the observed enthalpies of solvation data to within a standard deviation of about 1.7 kJ/mol. The nine sets of cation-specific and eight sets of anion-specific equation coefficients that have been calculated can be combined to yield equations capable of predicting the enthalpies of solvation of organic solutes and gases in 72 different RTILs.
Salmonella Spinal Infection A Rare Case in a Patient with Advanced AIDS

We present an unusual case of nontyphoidal Salmonella causing an epidural abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis in a severely immunocompromised patient with AIDS as well as a review of the literature. Salmonella vertebral osteomyelitis is exceptionally rare, and this is the first case report in a patient with AIDS.
Monolithic photoconductive ultra-wideband RF device

A monolithic, photoconductive, ultrawideband RF radiating device has been successfully demonstrated. This device integrates the functions of energy storage, switch, and antenna onto a single semi-insulating GaAs wafer substrate so that the electrostatic energy storage in the device directly converts into ultrawideband RF radiation. Pulse biasing the device to +2 kV and -2 kV, and subsequently triggering the device resulted in peak power intensities as high as 14.8 W/cm at a distance of 40 cm. >