cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Low-Velocity Wind from the Circumstellar Matter around the B9 V Star σ Herculis

We have obtained Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spectra of σ Her, a nearby binary system with a main-sequence primary that has a Vega-like infrared excess. We observe absorption in the excited fine structure lines C II* at 1037 A, N II* at 1085 A, and N II** at 1086 A that are blueshifted by as much as ~30 km s-1 with respect to the star. Since these features are considerably narrower than the stellar lines and broader than interstellar features, the C II and N II are circumstellar. We suggest that there is a radiatively driven wind arising from the circumstellar matter rather than accretion as occurs around β Pic because of σ Her's high luminosity. Assuming that the gas is liberated by collisions between parent bodies at 20 AU, the approximate distance at which blackbody grains are in radiative equilibrium with the star and at which three-body orbits become unstable, we infer dM/dt ~ 6 × 10-12 M☉ yr-1. This wind depletes the minimum mass of parent bodies in less than the estimated age of the system.
The multiperiod assignment problem: A multicommodity network flow model and specialized branch and bound algorithm

Abstract The multiperiod assignment problem , a specialization of the three dimensional assignment problem, is an optimization model that describes the situation of assigning people to activities, or jobs over time. We consider the most general case which has both a cost of assigning a person to an activity in each time period, and a cost of transferring the person from one activity in each period to another activity in the next period. In general, the number of time periods need not equal the number of persons and activities. We present a new formulation of the multiperiod assignment problem, that of an integer, multicommodity network flow model. The special structure of the model allows us to find a good feasible solution relatively quickly by a shortest path heuristic algorithm. We discuss a new branch and bound algorithm for solving this problem to optimality. The subproblems of the branch and bound tree are evaluated by solving a set of special-structured, shortest path problems all of which can be solved in order n 2 T time, where n is the number of persons and activities, and T is the number of time periods. We present computational tests of the algorithm on moderately sized problems.
Biogeochemical regime shifts in coastal landscapes: the contrasting effects of saltwater incursion and agricultural pollution on greenhouse gas emissions from a freshwater wetland

Many coastal plain wetlands receive nutrient pollution from agricultural fields and are particularly vulnerable to saltwater incursion. Although wetlands are a major source of the greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the consequences of salinization for greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands with high agricultural pollution loads is rarely considered. Here, we asked how saltwater exposure alters greenhouse gas emissions from a restored freshwater wetland that receives nutrient loading from upstream farms. During March to November 2012, we measured greenhouse gases along a ~2 km inundated portion of the wetland. Sampling locations spanned a wide chemical gradient from sites receiving seasonal fertilizer nitrogen and sulfate (SO4 2−) loads to sites receiving seasonal increases in marine salts. Concentrations and fluxes of CH4 were low (<100 µg L−1 and <10 mg m−2 h−1) for all sites and sampling dates when SO4 2− was high (>10 mg L−1), regardless of whether the SO4 2− source was agriculture or saltwater. Elevated CH4 (as high as 1,500 µg L−1 and 45 mg m−2 h−1) was only observed on dates when air temperatures were >27 °C and SO4 2− was <10 mg L−1. Despite elevated ammonium (NH4 +) for saltwater exposed sites, concentrations of N2O remained low (<5 µg L−1 and <10 µg m−2 h−1), except when fertilizer derived nitrate (NO3 −) concentrations were high and N2O increased as high as 156 µg L−1. Our results suggest that although both saltwater and agriculture derived SO4 2− may suppress CH4, increases in N2O associated with fertilizer derived NO3 − may offset that reduction in wetlands exposed to both agricultural runoff and saltwater incursion.
A note on beneficial emigration

Abstract Dos Santos and Postel-Vinay [J. Popul. Econ. 16 (2003) 161] argues that emigration helps promote the knowledge stock of the source country and is always beneficial. If individual heterogeneity of the knowledge stock is taken into account, I find the Dos Santos and Postel-Vinay modified model provides a classical brain drain analysis. Emigration is good to the source country only when a sufficient number of emigrants return.
THE RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF CANINE CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: SKELETAL CHANGES WITH DELAYED TREATMENT

Congenital hypothyroidism was diagnosed in five Boxer dogs presented to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between 1978 and 1979. The dogs ranged in age from 5–19 months, and were from two unrelated litters. Congenital hypothyroidism was confirmed by serum T3 and T4 radioimmunoassay and TSH stimulation test. Serial radiographs made before and after L-thyroxine oral supplementation were studied retrospectively to evaluate the resolution of skeletal abnormalities and to compare skeletal with chronological age. On initial presentation, all five dogs had the following skeletal manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism: short broad skulls, shortened vertebral bodies, and epiphyseal dysgenesis and delayed maturation. Epiphyseal dysgenesis was most common in the humeral (n = 3) and femoral condyles (n = 4), and proximal tibia (n = 4). Accelerated epiphyseal ossification occurred during thyroid hormone supplementation. Three dogs developed osteochondrosistype lesions. Bowing of the radius and disproportionate radius and ulna length resulted in humeroradial joint widening (n = 4) and humeroulnar joint subluxation (n = 1). Degenerative joint changes in the elbows (n = 4), stifles (n = 1), and shoulder (n = 1) were more common in the older dogs.
Functionally-fitted explicit pseudo two-step Runge-Kutta-Nyström methods

A general class of functionally-fitted explicit pseudo two-step Runge-Kutta-Nystrom (FEPTRKN) methods for solving second-order initial value problems has been studied. These methods can be considered generalized explicit pseudo two-step Runge-Kutta-Nystrom (EPTRKN) methods. We proved that an s-stage FEPTRKN method has step order p = s and stage order r = s for any set of distinct collocation parameters ( c i ) i = 1 s . Super-convergence for the accuracy orders of these methods can be obtained if the collocation parameters ( c i ) i = 1 s satisfy some orthogonality conditions. We proved that an s-stage FEPTRKN method can attain accuracy order p = s + 3 . Numerical experiments have shown that the new FEPTRKN methods work better than do the corresponding EPTRKN methods on problems whose solutions can be well approximated by the functions in bases on which these FEPTRKN methods are developed.
WE-E-141-10: Automated Patient Identification and Localization Error Detection Using X-Ray Setup Images

Purpose: To show that planar x‐ray radiotherapy setup imaging can be used to perform computer‐based automated patient identification and localization error detection. Methods: For this proof‐of‐concept study, setup imaging from a sample of 100 cranial radiotherapy patients, 100 prostate patients, and a group of 83 patients treated for spinal lesions was analyzed. The patients were treated using a commercially‐available image‐guided radiotherapy system that derives setup corrections by performing 2D‐3D registration. The 2D‐3D registration is performed by dynamically generating digitally‐reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) with varying translational and rotational shifts until a measure of the similarity between the x‐ray projections and DRRs is optimized. Using the cranial patients, and separately the prostate patients, we investigated whether the value of the optimized image similarity measure could be used to discriminate between cases where x‐ray projections and DRRs from the same patient (correct match) and from different patients (incorrect match). Using the spinal patients we investigated whether the optimized similarity measure could be used to discriminate between localizations performed to the correct vertebral body and to vertebral bodies off by one from the correct body. Results: A threshold value of the similarity measure could be chosen to separate correct and incorrect patient matches and correct and incorrect vertebral body localizations with excellent accuracy for the patient cohorts studied. A 10‐fold cross‐validation using linear discriminant analysis yielded misclassification probabilities of 0.000, 0.0045, and 0.014 for the cranial patient identification, prostate patient identification, and spinal localization cases respectively. Conclusion: Automated patient identification and localization error detection can be performed with excellent accuracy using an IGRT system with 2D‐3D matching. This technique can be used to reduce errors in radiotherapy with very little procedural overhead. Our group is currently extending this methodology to the more common case of image guided radiotherapy systems which use 2D‐2D matching.
Arachnoid diverticula associated with anterior cranial base tumors: technical case report.

Introduction Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diverticula are uncommonly associated with anterior cranial base tumors. When they occur, they often complicate the surgical management of these tumors via a transsphenoidal approach. This report examines the effectiveness of transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of these rare entities. Methods We performed a review of four sellar and parasellar tumors (three pituitary adenomas and one chordoma) that contained an arachnoid diverticulum communicating with the intracranial subarachnoid space. Results One of these tumors (a prolactinoma) was successfully treated medically and regressed dramatically in size; the remaining three were treated by transsphenoidal resection. In all of the operative cases, the tumor was successfully resected with no endocrinological or neurological deficit. An intraoperative CSF leak was encountered in each operative case and was treated by packing the sella with an abdominal fat graft. One patient returned to the operating room for a CSF leak repair. No instances of infection, meningitis, or other major complications occurred. Sellar and parasellar tumors associated with arachnoid diverticula can be successfully treated using transsphenoidal surgery. Conclusion Preoperative anatomic localization of the CSF diverticulum, as well as anticipatory planning for an intraoperative CSF leak are essential. Whenever possible, it is probably wise to preserve the arachnoidocele rather than to rupture it intentionally, obliterating the dead space within the sella in either situation.
Muscarinic receptor subsensitivity in the longitudinal muscle of the rat ileum following chronic anticholinesterase treatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate.

Abstract Chronic administration of diisopropylfluorophosphate to rats at a dose regimen producing 70 per cent inhibition of ileal cholinesterase was accompanied by a decrease in the sensitivity of the isolated ileum to oxotremorine and carbachol. The same treatment produced an increase in the sensitivity of the ileum to acetylcholine during the first ten days of anticholinesterase treatment, but after ten days of treatment the sensitivity of the ileum to acetylcholine was reduced. When [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding was measured in ileal longitudinal muscle homogenates from anticholinesterase-treated rats, a decrease in binding was observed which was due primarily to an increase in the dissociation constant of [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. Chronic diisopropylfluorophosphate treatment also increased the K i of various cholinergic ligands as determined by competitive displacement of [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding. Scatchard analysis of agonist displacement ol [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding revealed two agonist binding sites which were present in approximately equal concentrations. Chronic diisopropylfluorophosphate treatment caused an increase in the dissociation constant of the high affinity site but produced only small effects on the dissociation constant of the low affinity site and on the relative concentration of the two sites. These results indicate that the tolerance to chronic anticholinesterase treatment is, in part, a receptor-mediated phenomenon.
AUDITORY RESPONSES IN THE POSTERIOR VERMIS OF THE CAT : THE BURIED CEREBELLAR CORTEX

Abstract Although an auditory area has been found over the exposed area of lobules VI–VIII in the posterior cerebellar vermis of the cat, there has been little information on its buried portion. This point should be of some concern, since very little of the brain tissue in lobules VI–VIII of the cerebellar cortex is exposed. We have systematically explored the posterior vermis with long electrode tracks and compared auditory responses recorded from neurons within the granule cell layer in the folial crown with those in the buried cortex. There was a similarity between neural activities recorded from the exposed surface area and those from theburied portion both in the temporal discharge pattern of neurons to sound and in the spatial distribution pattern of auditory responses.
Chain scission efficiency and reactive-ion etch resistance of alternating copolymers of styrene and olefins trisubstituted or tetrasubstituted with electron-withdrawing groups

Alternating copolymers of styrene (St) with electron-deficient olefins trisubstituted or tetrasubstituted with cyano and carboalkoxy groups have been subjected to 60Co γ-radiolysis together with a series of copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and St. The chain scission susceptibility Gs—Gx determined by membrane osmometry drastically decreases as St is incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Whereas the alternating St-MMA copolymer is slightly crosslinked upon irradiation, an alternating copolymer of St with diethyl 2-cyano-1,1-ethylenedicarboxylate maintains a fairly high degradation sensitivity (Gs—Gx = 1.2). The reactive-ion etch rates were determined for the series of polymers in CF4/O2 (92/8). The etch resistance is significantly increased by introduction of St units in PMMA, and the highly substituted alternating copolymer etches as slowly as the MMA(50)—St(50) copolymers. Thus the alternating copolymer of NCCH=C(CO2Et)2 with St behaves like PMMA when exposed to high-energy radiation but is comparable to PSt in plasma environments.
Morphological analysis of activity-reduced adult-born neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb.

Adult born neurons are added to the olfactory bulb (OB) throughout life in rodents. While many factors have been identified as regulating the survival and integration of adult-born neurons (ABNs) into existing circuitry, the understanding of how these factors affect ABN morphology and connectivity is limited. Here we compare how cell intrinsic (siRNA knock down of voltage gated sodium channels NaV1.1-1.3) and circuit level (naris occlusion) reductions in activity affect ABN morphology during integration into the OB. We found that both manipulations reduce the number of dendritic spines (and thus likely the number of reciprocal synaptic connections) formed with the surrounding circuitry and inhibited dendritic ramification of ABNs. Further, we identified regions of ABN apical dendrites where the largest and most significant decreases occur following siRNA knock down or naris occlusion. In siRNA knock down cells, reduction of spines is observed in proximal regions of the apical dendrite. This suggests that distal regions of the dendrite may remain active independent of NaV1.1-1.3 channel expression, perhaps facilitated by activation of T-type calcium channels and NMDA receptors. By contrast, circuit level reduction of activity by naris occlusion resulted in a global depression of spine number. Together, these results indicate that ABNs retain the ability to develop their typical overall morphological features regardless of experienced activity, and activity modulates the number and location of formed connections.
The effect of social networks on the relation between Alzheimer's disease pathology and level of cognitive function in old people: a longitudinal cohort study

Summary Background Few data are available about how social networks reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in old age. We aimed to measure this effect using data from a large, longitudinal, epidemiological clinicopathological study. Methods 89 elderly people without known dementia participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project underwent annual clinical evaluation. Brain autopsy was done at the time of death. Social network data were obtained by structured interview. Cognitive function tests were Z scored and averaged to yield a global and specific measure of cognitive function. Alzheimer's disease pathology was quantified as a global measure based on modified Bielschowsky silver stain. Amyloid load and the density of paired helical filament tau tangles were also quantified with antibody-specific immunostains. We used linear regression to examine the relation of disease pathology scores and social networks to level of cognitive function. Findings Cognitive function was inversely related to all measures of disease pathology, indicating lower function at more severe levels of pathology. Social network size modified the association between pathology and cognitive function (parameter estimate 0·097, SE 0·039, p=0·016, R 2 =0·295). Even at more severe levels of global disease pathology, cognitive function remained higher for participants with larger network sizes. A similar modifying association was observed with tangles (parameter estimate 0·011, SE 0·003, p=0·001, R 2 =0·454). These modifying effects were most pronounced for semantic memory and working memory. Amyloid load did not modify the relation between pathology and network size. The results were unchanged after controlling for cognitive, physical, and social activities, depressive symptoms, or number of chronic diseases. Interpretation These findings suggest that social networks modify the relation of some measures of Alzheimer's disease pathology to level of cognitive function.
A Semiconductor-Based 10-GHz Optical Comb Source With Sub 3-fs Shot-Noise-Limited Timing Jitter and $\sim$ 500-Hz Comb Linewidth

In this work, a 10.287-GHz semiconductor-based harmonically mode-locked laser with 1000 finesse intracavity etalon is demonstrated. The timing jitter integrated from 1 Hz to 100 MHz (Nyquist) is 3 fs (14 fs). The optical linewidth is ~500 Hz and the optical frequency stability is <150 kHz over 30 s.
Another option for ocean drilling

After reviewing long-range plans for crustal studies, a National Science Foundation (NSF) advisory group unanimously agreed that the most economic and favorable platform for scientific ocean drilling would be neither the Glomar Explorer nor the Glomar Challenger. The group's choice: to lease a commercial drilling ship. Unlike previous groups, the NSF Ad Hoc Advisory Group on Crustal Studies, chaired by AGU President-elect Charles Drake, examined ocean drilling while considering other crustal studies and budget projections. The Conference on Scientific Ocean Drilling (COSOD) (Eos, December 22, 1981, p. 1197), the National Science Board (Eos, April 6, 1982, p. 219), and a National Research Council committee (Eos, November 2, 1982, p. 835) all chose the Glomar Explorer as the desired option; however, they weighed alternatives based only on the scientific merits of drilling and did not look at crustal studies as a whole or look at budget projections.
BST Films Grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Incorporating Real-Time Control of Stoichiometry

We present preliminary results of metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of Ba_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3 (BST) thin films. Films were deposited on MgO, sapphire, Si, and Si/Pt/Ti substrates. Real-time monitoring of the precursor flux by UV absorption spectroscopy was used to control the composition of the films over the range 30 ≤ x ≤ 80. The films were characterized for a number of attributes including composition, crystalline structure, and morphology.
Nonuniqueness in a Free Boundary Problem from Combustion

We study a parabolic free boundary problem with a fixed gradient condi- tion which serves as a simplified model for the propagation of premixed equidiffu- sional flames. We give a rigorous justification of an example due to J.L. Vazquez that the initial data in the form of two circular humps leads to the nonuniqueness of limit solutions if the supports of the humps touch at the time of their maximal expansion.
Reduction of β-amyloid pathology by celastrol in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Aβ deposits represent a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both soluble and insoluble Aβ species are considered to be responsible for initiating the pathological cascade that eventually leads to AD. Therefore, the identification of therapeutic approaches that can lower Aβ production or accumulation remains a priority. NFκB has been shown to regulate BACE-1 expression level, the rate limiting enzyme responsible for the production of Aβ. We therefore explored whether the known NFκB inhibitor celastrol could represent a suitable compound for decreasing Aβ production and accumulation in vivo. The effect of celastrol on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, Aβ production and NFκB activation was investigated by western blotting and ELISAs using a cell line overexpressing APP. The impact of celastrol on brain Aβ accumulation was tested in a transgenic mouse model of AD overexpressing the human APP695sw mutation and the presenilin-1 mutation M146L (Tg PS1/APPsw) by immunostaining and ELISAs. An acute treatment with celastrol was investigated by administering celastrol intraperitoneally at a dosage of 1 mg/Kg in 35 week-old Tg PS1/APPsw for 4 consecutive days. In addition, a chronic treatment (32 days) with celastrol was tested using a matrix-driven delivery pellet system implanted subcutaneously in 5 month-old Tg PS1/APPsw to ensure a continuous daily release of 2.5 mg/Kg of celastrol. In vitro, celastrol dose dependently prevented NFκB activation and inhibited BACE-1 expression. Celastrol potently inhibited Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 production by reducing the β-cleavage of APP, leading to decreased levels of APP-CTFβ and APPsβ. In vivo, celastrol appeared to reduce the levels of both soluble and insoluble Aβ1-38, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. In addition, a reduction in Aβ plaque burden and microglial activation was observed in the brains of Tg PS1/APPsw following a chronic administration of celastrol. Overall our data suggest that celastrol is a potent Aβ lowering compound that acts as an indirect BACE-1 inhibitor possibly by regulating BACE-1 expression level via an NFκB dependent mechanism. Additional work is required to determine whether chronic administration of celastrol can be safely achieved with cognitive benefits in a transgenic mouse model of AD.
Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: a robotic cadaver study of the dorsiflexion angle.

Background: Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is indicated for severe osteoarthritis or as a revision of failed treatment for hallux valgus. The literature suggests that an optimum fused dorsiflexion angle is between 20° and 25° from the axis of the first metatarsal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dorsiflexion angle and plantar pressure in the postoperative gait. We assumed that there is a fused dorsiflexion angle at which pressures are minimized under the hallux and the first metatarsal head. Methods: Six cadaver foot specimens underwent incremental changes in simulated fused metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle followed by dynamic gait simulation. A robotic gait simulator performed at 50% of body weight and one-fifteenth of physiologic velocity. In vitro tibial kinematics and tendon forces were based on normative in vivo gait and electromyographic data and were manually tuned to match the in vitro ground reaction force and tendon force behavior. Regression lines were calculated for peak pressure and pressure-time integral under the hallux and the metatarsal head by dorsiflexion angle. Results: Peak pressure and pressure-time integral under the hallux were negatively correlated with dorsiflexion angle (p < 0.004), while peak pressure and pressure-time integral under the metatarsal head were positively correlated with dorsiflexion angle (p < 0.004). The intersection of the regression lines that represented the angle at which peak pressure and pressure-time integral were minimized was 24.7° for peak pressure and 21.3° for pressure-time integral. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that an angle-pressure relationship exists following arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and that it is inversely related for the hallux and the metatarsal head. Our results encompass the suggested range of 20° to 25°. Clinical Relevance: This investigation provides a basis for assessing clinical decisions surrounding operative technique and hardware utilization that may improve gait, quality of life, and functional performance in patients undergoing operative treatment of osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
AOTF Reflectance Spectroscopy: A Diagnostic of Organically Modified Surfaces

A compact AOTF-based point spectrometer that operates at room temperature is described for measuring reflectance spectra over the 1.7 to 3.4 µm range. Its purpose is to provide “quick look” in situ detection of organically modified surfaces. Spectra are presented for a laboratory prototype.
Many human accelerated regions are developmental enhancers

The genetic changes underlying the dramatic differences in form and function between humans and other primates are largely unknown, although it is clear that gene regulatory changes play an important role. To identify regulatory sequences with potentially human-specific functions, we and others used comparative genomics to find non-coding regions conserved across mammals that have acquired many sequence changes in humans since divergence from chimpanzees. These regions are good candidates for performing human-specific regulatory functions. Here, we analysed the DNA sequence, evolutionary history, histone modifications, chromatin state and transcription factor (TF) binding sites of a combined set of 2649 non-coding human accelerated regions (ncHARs) and predicted that at least 30% of them function as developmental enhancers. We prioritized the predicted ncHAR enhancers using analysis of TF binding site gain and loss, along with the functional annotations and expression patterns of nearby genes. We then tested both the human and chimpanzee sequence for 29 ncHARs in transgenic mice, and found 24 novel developmental enhancers active in both species, 17 of which had very consistent patterns of activity in specific embryonic tissues. Of these ncHAR enhancers, five drove expression patterns suggestive of different activity for the human and chimpanzee sequence at embryonic day 11.5. The changes to human non-coding DNA in these ncHAR enhancers may modify the complex patterns of gene expression necessary for proper development in a human-specific manner and are thus promising candidates for understanding the genetic basis of human-specific biology.
100+ GHz static divide-by-2 circuit in InP-DHBT technology

Static dividers in 135-GHz InP-DHBT technology have been designed, fabricated, and measured. Circuits are operational from dc to 100 GHz. Due to limitations in available measurement equipment, adequate investigation of the circuit operation beyond 100 GHz is not possible at this time, however, to the authors' knowledge, this is already the highest toggling frequency reported in any static circuit in any technology. The circuit has a total area of 675/spl times/900 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, with the core of the flip-flop occupying about 240/spl times/170 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Millennials usher us in: Nursing and the emerging virtual environment of care

The nursing profession is a complex living system that must continually regenerate and redefine itself to remain viable and to meet emerging environmental challenges. As nursing care of patients moves iteratively from the home to the hospital and now into cyberspace, higher education is necessarily driven to cultivate student growth intrinsically, intellectually, and technologically to accommodate these new contexts of care. Reconceptualizing the nursing paradigm to include basic tenets of quantum physics, the science underlying virtual technology, will foster renewal of the nursing profession and its virtual component, and augment the already heightened consciousness of a new generation of students.
Do Ethicists and Political Philosophers Vote More Often Than Other Professors

If philosophical moral reflection improves moral behavior, one might expect ethics professors to behave morally better than socially similar non-ethicists. Under the assumption that forms of political engagement such as voting have moral worth, we looked at the rate at which a sample of professional ethicists—and political philosophers as a subgroup of ethicists—voted in eight years’ worth of elections. We compared ethicists’ and political philosophers’ voting rates with the voting rates of three other groups: philosophers not specializing in ethics, political scientists, and a comparison group of professors specializing in neither philosophy nor political science. All groups voted at about the same rate, except for the political scientists, who voted about 10–15% more often. On the face of it, this finding conflicts with the expectation that ethicists will behave more responsibly than non-ethicists.
Salutary effects of androstenediol on cardiac function and splanchnic perfusion after trauma-hemorrhage

Recent studies have shown that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) improves cardiovascular function and decreases cytokine production in male animals. Althoug...
Supply network topology and robustness against disruptions – an investigation using multi-agent model

In this study we examine the relationship between supply network's topology and its robustness in the presence of random failures and targeted attacks. The agent-based model developed in this paper uses the basic framework and parameters in the experimental game presented in Sterman [1989, Modeling managerial behavior: Misperceptions of feedback in a dynamic decision making context. Management Science, 35 (3), 321–339] for modelling adaptive managerial decision making in an inventory management context. The study extends the linear supply chain context to a complex supply network and undertakes a rigorous examination of robustness of these supply networks that are characterised by distinct network characteristics. We theorise that network characteristics such as average path length, clustering coefficient, size of the largest connected component in the network and the maximum distance between nodes in the largest connected component are related to the robustness of supply networks, and test the research h...
EDITORIAL: COMPARISON OF THERAPIES FOR LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS

The rush of new device therapies advocated as alternative options to men with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not, unfortunately, been accompanied by a corresponding abundance of wellconceived, prospective, randomized clinical trials comparing the new technologies to the older, established benchmark procedure of transurethral resection of the prostate. The preceding 2 articles in this issue of the Journal (pages 59 and 65) offer a welcome relief. They provide the urological literature with meaningful comparisons among the strategies of resection, laser coagulation prostatectomy and observation. These studies confirm what many of us have believed and what earlier smaller studies have suggested, that is laser coagulation offers fewer beneficial outcomes than resection but it is associated with fewer complications and a shorter hospitalization. Laser has been described by some as “lessinvasive.” Perhaps, but one must question whether a procedure requiring a postoperative interval of indwelling urethral catheter 9 times longer than that of resection is truly less-invasive. This was the case in the Gujral study. The question that these 2 articles do not answer nor were they designed to answer, is that of long-term durability. The need for re-treatment is reasonably well documented after resection, and is low. The need for either medical or surgical re-treatment after device therapy, including coagulation laser prostatectomy, is poorly documented in the current literature. The vast majority of studies, including those of Donovan and Gujral et al, report outcomes of 12 months or less. But what of the longer term? There exists another deficiency in our knowledge in the management of lower urinary tract symptoms and BPH. Few reports except that of Chirikos and Sanford1 have dealt with economic consequences of therapy. Through the use of their own econometric model Chirikos et al projected the comparative costs of watchful waiting, medical management and surgery for the
Synthesis of III-V Nanocrystals by Co-reduction Reactions

This paper describes a co-reduction colloidal method for the synthesis of In-containing III-V nanocrystals (NCs) by using pnictogen halides (such as PCl3, AsCl3, and SbCl3) as the pnictogen-sources and superhydride (LiBH(C2H5)3) as the reducing agent. The syntheses were generally carried out in octadecene in the presence of fatty acids at ~250 °C. The as-synthesized InP NCs were quasi-monodisperse in particle size and size distribution, whereas the InAs and InSb NCs showed relatively lower quality. The growth process of NCs was studied using InP as a model system.
All-Polyethylene Tibial Components: An Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes and Infection.

Abstract Background There is debate regarding tibial component modularity and composition in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Biomechanical studies have suggested improved stress distribution in metal-backed tibias; however, these results have not translated clinically. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of all-polyethylene components and to compare the results to those with metal-backed components. Methods We reviewed 31,939 patients undergoing a primary TKA over a 43-year period (1970-2013). There were 28,224 (88%) metal-backed and 3715 (12%) all-polyethylene tibial components. The metal-backed and all-polyethylene groups had comparable demographics with respect to gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Mean follow-up was 7 years. Results The mean survival for all primary TKAs at the 5-, 10-, 20- and 30-year time points was 95%, 89%, 73%, and 57%, respectively. All-polyethylene tibial components were found to have a significantly improved ( P Conclusion All-polyethylene tibial components had significantly improved implant survival, reduced rates of postoperative infection, fracture, and tibial component loosening. All polyethylene should be considered for most of the patients, regardless of age and BMI.
Doing Well By Doing Good: Electorally-Motivated Legislating in the House and Senate

Do members of Congress participate in the legislative process for electoral gain? Prior examinations have found little evidence that they do, but have been empirically limited. I propose that much legislative activity is actually electorally motivated position taking. First, members disproportionately sponsor bills in policy areas their constituents are most likely to be interested in. Moreover, vulnerable members sponsor legislation in different patterns than safe members, though the specific patterns differ by chamber. Senators, with ample enough resources to both wage difficult reelection campaigns and be active legislators, sponsor and cosponsor more legislation when vulnerable and/or in cycle. House members, however, have smaller staffs and generally fewer resources, and thus face more severe tradeoffs when they contesting touch reelection races. As a result, vulnerable House members sponsor and cosponsor less legislation than safe House members. However, the correspondence between district policy interests and member bill introduction is stronger among vulnerable House members than safe ones.
Being Authentic about Authenticity: Opportunities, Requirements, Applications, and a Progress Report on Measurement of a Key Lonerganian Notion

Bernard Lonergan has called for a methodical theology that differentiates those aspects of religion that are humanistic from those that are strictly theological, distinguishing social-science and denominational realms of inquiry. We believe that Lonergan’s notion of human authenticity is pivotal for the humanistic or social-science dimension. Hence, focusing on authenticity, we call for application of Lonergan’s thought beyond strictly theological topics, and we elaborate how social science could effectively deal with aspects of beliefs, ethics, and psychological and spiritual health, traditionally taken to be religious. Finally, we report on a project to operationalize authenticity—that is, to construct a psychometrically sophisticated questionnaire—as a means of making Lonergan’s thought accessible and useful to social-science practitioners and researchers.Bernard Lonergan a fait appel a une theologie methodique qui differencie ces aspects de religion qui sont humanistes de ceux qui sont strictement the...
Clinical Findings for and Acquisition of Written Language in Two Children Having Severe Dysarthria with MoyaMoya Disease

モヤモヤ病による重篤な麻痺性構音障害を呈した幼児2症例の臨床的特徴と文字言語の獲得について, 若干の考察を行った.臨床的特徴としては, (1) 本症例の口腔器官の麻痺は摂食機能を含む広範なものである, (2) 口腔器官の麻痺は長期にわたって残存し, 改善がみられなかった, (3) 麻痺の持続により顎口腔形態に変形が生じている, (4) 構音運動はほとんど不能で, 母音様発話と筆談による意志伝達が主である.本症例の言語訓練の内容として早期の文字導入を試みた.その結果, 両例とも音声言語の補助手段として文字言語を使用するに至った.そして文字想起時に発声して想起しようとする行動がみられた.このことから, 文字の習得にとって構音の確立はかならずしも必要ではなく, むしろ構音活動の企画過程に含まれると思われる, 文字に対応した固有の神経機構の形成が重要なのではないかと推察された.
Metal Oxide Modified Lithium Borohydrides for Reversible Hydrogen Storage

The lithium borohydride has been modified by ball milling with metal oxides and metal chlorides as the additives. The modified lithium borohydrides released 9 wt% hydrogen starting from 473K. The dehydrided modified lithium borohydrides absorbed 7-9 wt% hydrogen at 873K and 7 MPa. The modification with additives reduced the dehydriding starting temperature from 673K to 473K and moderated the rehydrogenation conditions from 923K/15 MPa to 873K/7 MPa. XRD and SEM analysis revealed the formation of the intermediate compound that may play a key role in changing the reaction path resulting in the lower dehydriding temperature and reversibility. The additives reduced the dehydriding temperature and improve the reversibility, but it also reduced the hydrogen storage capacity.
The WEAR Scale: Developing a Measure of the Social Acceptability of a Wearable Device

The factors affecting the social acceptability of wearable devices are not well understood, yet they have a strong influence on whether a new wearable succeeds or fails. Factors uniquely affecting wearable acceptability as compared to other technology include manners, moral codes, the symbolic communication of dress, habits of dress, fashion, context of use, form, and aesthetics. This paper describes the development of the WEarable Acceptability Range (WEAR Scale), designed to predict acceptance of a particular wearable. First, the construct "social acceptability of a wearable" was defined using literature and an interview study. Second, the WEAR Scale's item pool was composed, and reviewed by experts. Third, the resulting scale was administered to sample respondents along with validation measures. The data will be evaluated for reliability and validity, and the scale's length will be adjusted, culminating in a validated WEAR Scale useful to both industry and academia.
A virtual crowd-sourcing approach for pedestrian simulation

Simulating pedestrian behavior in large-scale facilities presents a variety of challenges in representing the inter-related processes that characterize real-world interaction. Assembling groups of human participants for controlled experimental trials to acquire behavioral feedback can be an extensive, time-consuming process. Methods commonly utilized to track and analyze individuals' movements tend to restrict temporal and spatial resolution, and observations must often rely upon limited data sets for later analyses.The dissertation work in progress incorporates a novel approach for simulation prototyping and evaluation that offers key advantages compared with conventional practice. An interactive 3D pedestrian model is presented where concurrent groups of live participants and simulated agents interact in a shared environment with potential to enable direct acquisition of trial data at levels of detail, precision and correspondence not otherwise possible, within an existing or proposed building structure. Human subjects may be drawn from diverse sources without need for physical presence, and examined comparatively in-situ relative to simulated agents whose behavior, in turn, can be progressively adjusted to correspond with the local environment via direct and immediate feedback.
Measuring Down: Evaluating Digital Storytelling as a Process for Narrative Health Promotion

Digital storytelling (DST) engages participants in a group-based process to create and share narrative accounts of life events. We present key evaluation findings of a 2-year, mixed-methods study that focused on effects of participating in the DST process on young Puerto Rican Latina's self-esteem, social support, empowerment, and sexual attitudes and behaviors. Quantitative results did not show significant changes in the expected outcomes. However, in our qualitative findings we identified several ways in which the DST made positive, health-bearing effects. We argue for the importance of "measuring down" to reflect the locally grounded, felt experiences of participants who engage in the process, as current quantitative scales do not "measure up" to accurately capture these effects. We end by suggesting the need to develop mixed-methods, culturally relevant, and sensitive evaluation tools that prioritize process effects as they inform intervention and health promotion.
Economic Impact, Associations, and Consequences of Sleep-Related Movement Disorders

Only a few studies report the economic impact of sleep-related movement disorders (SRMDs) such as restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements of sleep, sleep bruxism, sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder, and sleep-related leg cramps. Often, a patient's partner first notices the symptoms of an SRMD and requests a medical evaluation. The economic impact of SRMD can be measured directly through the financial costs of healthcare for treatment and estimated indirectly by the effects on an individual's quality of life and the effects on society through loss of work productivity.
Subnational Variation in Electoral Accountability: Local Public Good Investments and Incumbent Support

Theories of democratic governance assume that citizens hold politicians accountable for their performance in providing public services. This study expands the existing debate by shifting its theoretical lens to subnational heterogeneity in satisfaction with government performance and incumbent support. Existing accounts suggest that local political and social contexts are likely to condition citizens’ perceptions of government performance. Since satisfaction with public services is driven not only by policy outcomes but also by the processes involved in decision making, the presence of stronger and denser voice and accountability mechanisms in small local units that increase citizens’ sense of the ability to influence local outcomes is likely to translate into higher satisfaction with government performance independent of the outcome itself. Using an original panel dataset containing detailed information on education and health investments and electoral outcomes in Turkey, I find that particularly health investments have a positive, yet delayed e↵ect on the vote share of the incumbent government. However, consistent with the theoretical expectations, this positive effect is limited only to small districts. A crucial contribution of this study is that the effect of public services on incumbent support is not uniform. By showing that local contexts may condition satisfaction with government performance, and thereby electoral outcomes, the study makes an important contribution to the literature on electoral behavior and distributive politics as well as governance and accountability.
Heat and Thermodynamics

This chapter explains heat and thermodynamics. The physics of thermal phenomena is a treatment of certain relationships among macroscopic, measurable quantities that are fundamentally microscopic in nature. The basic principles of thermal physics are known as the laws of thermodynamics. Matter is composed of microscopic particles that are in continuous random motion. This chaotic movement, which is called thermal motion, is exemplified by a gas. Relatively high speeds and extremely high collision rates characterize this highly chaotic molecular motion. The relationships between the macroscopic variables that reflect what is taking place at the microscopic level are collectively called thermodynamics. A thermodynamic system may, in general, interact with other systems or with any part of the remainder of the universe that is external to that system. An isolated system is a well-defined set of particles that does not exchange energy with the universe external to that system. When the two bodies reach thermal equilibrium, their final common temperature is intermediate between their original temperatures. The energy that is transferred between bodies because of their temperature difference heat energy or simply heat. Heat, thermal energy in transit, may be measured using any unit associated with energy, but the standard unit of heat is the calorie.
Type I IFN enhances Coxiella burnetii infection (MPF6P.646)

Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular pathogen and the cause of Q fever. A role for type I IFN in C. burnetii pathogenesis has not been determined but this pathway supports host protection from a related pathogen, Legionella pneumophila . Spleen cells from type I IFN receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice supported diminished replication of the avirulent Nine Mile phase II strain (NMII) in vitro compared to spleen cells from wild type mice, and addition or induction of type I IFN enhanced replication, suggesting that type I IFN promoted C. burnetii infection. The inverse relationship between type I IFN and inflammasome activation was explored as a potential mechanism of type I IFN-dependent enhanced C. burnetii infection. When human cells were infected with NMII in vitro inflammatory transcripts, such as IL-1β, were strongly induced. This transcript expression was reversed by exogenous induction of the type I IFN pathway. In vivo infection with the virulent phase I strain (NMI) of C. burnetii confirmed in vitro predictions; IFNAR-deficient mice were significantly protected from weight loss compared to wild-type mice, and treatment with rIFNa exacerbated disease. In contrast, IL-1β- and ASC-deficient mice had enhanced bacterial replication in the lungs. The data suggest that type I IFN signaling may dampen IL-1β expression, which is important for protection from C. burnetii.
MDSC clinical assay for disease surveillance in prostate cancer.

e16091 Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a population of endogenous cells induced by tumor antigens to mediate immune tolerance within cancer patients. Our study objective is ...