cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of emulsion concentration on biodistribution of perflubron in tumor-bearing mice.

Perflubron (perfluorooctylbromide, PFOB) emulsion concentrations of 100%, 90%, or 60% w/v were administered to mice with and without 3 types of murine malignant tumor implants, and the distribution in blood, tumor, lung, liver and spleen were studied 48 hours after a dose of 10 or 3g/Kg of PFOB. The most important changes were seen in the blood where the PFOB concentration [PFOB] was decreased in tumor bearing mice (TBM). Blood [PFOB) was also decreased in TBM and normal mice (NM) that received the 60% emulsion. Liver [PFOB] was increased in TBM. Lung [PFOB] was directly proportional to the emulsion concentration with the 10g/Kg dose. No major differences were seen in the biodistribution between the 100% and 90% emulsions using 10g/Kg, in spite of differences in composition and manufacturing history.
Circadian Regulation of Tshb Gene Expression by Rev-Erbα (NR1D1) and Nuclear Corepressor 1 (NCOR1)

Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical for development, growth, and metabolism. Circulating TH levels are tightly regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Although circadian TSH secretion has been well documented, the mechanism of this observation remains unclear. Recently, the nuclear corepressor, NCOR1, has been postulated to regulate TSH expression, presumably by interacting with thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) bound to TSH subunit genes. We report herein the first in vitro study of NCOR1 regulation of TSH in a physiologically relevant cell system, the TαT1.1 mouse thyrotroph cell line. Knockdown of NCOR1 by shRNA adenovirus increased baseline Tshb mRNA levels compared with scrambled control, but surprisingly had no affect on the T3-mediated repression of this gene. Using ChIP, we show that NCOR1 enriches on the Tshb promoter at sites different from THR previously identified by our group. Furthermore, NCOR1 enrichment on Tshb is unaffected by T3 treatment. Given that NCOR1 does not target THR on Tshb, we hypothesized that NCOR1 targeted Rev-Erbα (NR1D1), an orphan nuclear receptor that is a potent repressor of gene transcription and regulator of metabolism and circadian rhythms. Using a serum shock technique, we synchronized TαT1.1 cells to study circadian gene expression. Post-synchronization, Tshb and Nr1d1 mRNA levels displayed oscillations that inversely correlated with each other. Furthermore, NR1D1 was enriched at the same locus as NCOR1 on Tshb. Therefore, we propose a model for Tshb regulation whereby NR1D1 and NCOR1 interact to regulate circadian expression of Tshb independent of TH negative regulation.
A feasibility pilot study on the use of complementary therapies delivered via mobile technologies on Icelandic surgical patients’ reports of anxiety, pain, and self-efficacy in healing

Complementary therapies (CT), such as relaxation technique, massage, guided imagery, and accupuncture have shown to benefit patients undergoing surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using audio relaxation technique (ART), music intervention (MI), nature video application with music (NVAM), and nature video application without music (NVA) delivered via mobile technologies in a clinical setting. Secondary, the effects of ART, MI, NVAM and NVA on patients’ state anxiety, pain perception, and perceived self-efficacy in healing were determined. A randomized clinical trial (RCT) involving 105 same day surgery (SDS) patients, who were assigned to an ART (n = 25), MI (n = 25), NVAM (n = 15), NVA (n = 16), or a control group (n = 24) were assessed for state anxiety, self-reported pain, and self-efficacy four days prior to surgery, immediately prior and following a surgical intervention, and day five post-operative. ANOVA found no statistically significant differences in anxiety scores; pain, or perceived self-efficacy between the five groups. Matched pairs t-Test revealed all participants had an increase in anxiety from pre-op to day 10 follow-up; a significant change in pain levels from pre-op to day 10 follow-up; and all participants had a significant increase in general self-efficacy from pre-op to day 10 follow-up. Mean pain level scores from day 1 to pre-op showed a significant decrease in pain for the ART group and NVAM group. Matched pairs t-Test for self-efficacy scores indicated the MI group and the NVA group had significant increases in self-efficacy. A significant decrease in anxiety from pre-op to day 10 for participants reporting a prior history of anxiety and for those reporting prior history of taking anti-anxiety medications. Despite the non-significant findings between the five groups, at any measurement point, there were valuable trends toward significance and confirmed feasibility in a clinical setting. Among the groups there were statistically significant findings for all interventions on anxiety, pain, and self-efficacy. The feasability of the implementation of novel interventions of NVAM and NVAM adds to clinical practice and the CT literature. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02236455 (September 4, 2014)
Desalination technology waste streams: Effect of pH and salinity on metabolism of marine microbial assemblages

Abstract Effluents from desalination technologies may influence natural bacterial assemblages due to changes in salinity, pH, dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC), DOC quality and cellular hydrostatic pressure. Salinity, pH, and pressure change effects on heterotrophic bacterial production (as measured by leucine incorporation) were examined in experiments with surface water from the Delaware Bay, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Bacterial production decreased by 57–67% when salinity of Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay surface water samples were increased from ambient to 60 PSU. Decreasing ambient seawater pH from 8.0 to below 5.0 with CO 2 gas reduced production by 96–100%. Decreasing seawater pH by 1.5 units at 33 PSU caused equivalent inhibition to increasing salinity by 27 PSU (pH 8.0). Bacterial production in Pacific Ocean surface water pressurized for 72 h was decreased 40% by increasing salinity, when measured 1 h after decompression. However, production increased 43% with increasing salinity when measured 24 h after decompression. One explanation for these divergent effects between the 1- and 24-h sampling at ambient pH may be community adaptation. Strains amongst the natural assemblage that survived the pressurization by saturating their membrane phospholipids would likely be better adapted to compete for available nutrients under elevated salinity.
Croatian Medical Journal should be a source of great pride to Croatia and neighboring countries in Europe.

To the Editor: I was saddened to read about recent attacks on the integrity of the Croatian Medical Journal (CMJ) (1). In my opinion, the CMJ meets or exceeds international standards of excellence in publishing in science and medicine. I am a regular contributor to your excellent journal (both editorials and original research articles). I am impressed that you publish articles regarding advances in medical education, and that you post archival material online for international readers. Your authors and readers come from all over the world. My personal experience has been that the Editorial Office provides impartial reviews. Your editorial comments strengthen the quality of our manuscripts. I believe that articles in the CMJ provide outstanding examples of regional and international scholarship that are inspiring a new generation of scientists and physicians. The CMJ should be a source of great pride to your country and neighboring countries in Europe. Thank you for your dedication and hard work. Sincerely,
Predicting Total, Abdominal, Visceral and Hepatic Adiposity with Circulating Biomarkers in Caucasian and Japanese American Women

BACKGROUND Characterization of abdominal and intra-abdominal fat requires imaging, and thus is not feasible in large epidemiologic studies. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether biomarkers may complement anthropometry (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and waist-hip ratio [WHR]) in predicting the size of the body fat compartments by analyzing blood biomarkers, including adipocytokines, insulin resistance markers, sex steroid hormones, lipids, liver enzymes and gastro-neuropeptides. METHODS Fasting levels of 58 blood markers were analyzed in 60 healthy, Caucasian or Japanese American postmenopausal women who underwent anthropometric measurements, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Total, abdominal, visceral and hepatic adiposity were predicted based on anthropometry and the biomarkers using Random Forest models. RESULTS Total body fat was well predicted by anthropometry alone (R(2) = 0.85), by the 5 best predictors from the biomarker model alone (leptin, leptin-adiponectin ratio [LAR], free estradiol, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI1], alanine transaminase [ALT]; R(2) = 0.69), or by combining these 5 biomarkers with anthropometry (R(2) = 0.91). Abdominal adiposity (DXA trunk-to-periphery fat ratio) was better predicted by combining the two types of predictors (R(2) = 0.58) than by anthropometry alone (R(2) = 0.53) or the 5 best biomarkers alone (25(OH)-vitamin D(3), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 [IGFBP1], uric acid, soluble leptin receptor [sLEPR], Coenzyme Q10; R(2) = 0.35). Similarly, visceral fat was slightly better predicted by combining the predictors (R(2) = 0.68) than by anthropometry alone (R(2) = 0.65) or the 5 best biomarker predictors alone (leptin, C-reactive protein [CRP], LAR, lycopene, vitamin D(3); R(2) = 0.58). Percent liver fat was predicted better by the 5 best biomarker predictors (insulin, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], LAR, alpha-tocopherol, PAI1; R(2) = 0.42) or by combining the predictors (R(2) = 0.44) than by anthropometry alone (R(2) = 0.29). CONCLUSION The predictive ability of anthropometry for body fat distribution may be enhanced by measuring a small number of biomarkers. Studies to replicate these data in men and other ethnic groups are warranted.
Transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of prosthetic and native aortic valves.

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has gained relatively slow acceptance in North America despite its widespread popularity in Europe and Japan.1,2 Through this new acoustic window high-quality images of certain posteriorly located cardiovascular structures such as the interatrial septum, the left atrial appendage and the thoracic aorta, which often prove difficult to evaluate in detail from the precordium, can be readily obtained. The improved miniaturization and sophistication of esophageal transducers, which incorporate simultaneous Doppler and color flow imaging, has precipitated application of the technique both in the intraoperative and outpatient setting. Transesophageal studies of dysfunctional native mitral valves have been found extremely helpful in defining the cause and quantifying the degree of regurgitation.3 The advantage of TEE in assessing prosthetic mitral valves is even greater because the prosthetic material, which frequently attenuates the signal and masks the presence and extent of a regurgitant jet on surface echocardiography (echo),4 is no longer a problem. The same advantage of TEE over surface echo has been described to a limited extent in native aortic valve disease,5,6 but this has not been demonstrated in patients with prosthetic valves in whom signal quality from within the prosthesis is said to be poor and visualization of the leaflets incomplete.7 These factors prompted us to review our initial experience with TEE in evaluating aortic valve dysfunction in both native and prosthetic valves.
Mapping of D4S98/S114/S113 confines the Huntington's defect to a reduced physical region at the telomere of chromosome 4

The dominant gene defect in Huntington's disease (HD) is linked to the DNA marker D4S10, near the telomere of the chromosome 4 short arm. Two other markers, D4S43 and D4S95, are closer, but still proximal to the HD gene in 4p16.3. We have characterized a new locus, D4S114, identified by cloning the end of a NotI fragment resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. D4S114 was localized distal to D4S43 and D4S95 by both physical and genetic mapping techniques. The "end"-clone overlaps a previously isolated NotI "linking" clone, and is within 150 kb of a second "linking" clone defining D4S113. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms for D4S113 and D4S114, one of which is identical to a SacI polymorphism detected by the anonymous probe pBS731B-C (D4S98), were typed for key crossovers in HD and reference pedigrees. The data support the locus order D4S10-(D4S43, D4S95)-D4S98/S114/S113-HD-telomere. The D4S98/S114/S113 cluster therefore represents the nearest cloned sequences to HD, and provides a valuable new point for launching directional cloning strategies to isolate and characterize this disease gene.
Probing the structural requirements for vitamin D3 inhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathway

A structure-activity relationship study to elucidate the structural basis for hedgehog (Hh) signaling inhibition by vitamin D3 (VD3) was performed. Functional and non-functional regions of VD3 and VD2 were obtained through straightforward synthetic means and their biological activity was determined in a variety of cell-based assays. Several of these compounds inhibited Hh signaling at levels comparable to the parent VD3 with no effects on canonical vitamin D signaling. Most notably, compounds 5 and 9, demonstrated potent inhibition of the Hh pathway, exhibited no binding affinity for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and did not activate VDR in cell culture. In addition, several compounds exhibited anti-proliferative activity against two human cancer cell lines through a mechanism distinct from the Hh or VDR pathways, suggesting a new cellular mechanism of action for this class of compounds.
Release of adenosine and ATP in the brain of the freshwater turtle (Trachemys scripta) during long-term anoxia

Extracellular adenosine and ATP levels were monitored by microdialysis in the striatum of the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta during long-term N2 respiration. After an initial rise in extracellular adenosine, a second peak of longer duration and higher in intensity, followed. The frequencies of these adenosine cycles varied considerably between individual turtles, such that the shortest time between the peaks was 80 min and the longest was 300 min (mean 151 min). After about 60 min anoxia, there was also a slow increase in extracellular ATP, rising from a normoxic concentration of 1.21 +/- 0.12 to 7.58 +/- 3.70 nmol l(-1) at 240 min anoxia. The results suggest that adenosine may continue to have a protective function in the turtle brain during long-term anoxia and that extracellular ATP might not function as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the anoxic turtle brain.
WAMR: An adaptive wavelet method for the simulation of compressible reacting flow. Part I. Accuracy and efficiency of algorithm

Abstract The Wavelet Adaptive Multiresolution Representation (WAMR) method provides a robust method for controlling spatial grid adaptation — fine grid spacing in regions where a solution varies greatly (i.e., near steep gradients, or near-singularities) and a much coarser grid where the solution varies slowly. Subsequently, a wide range of spatial scales, often demanded in challenging continuum physics problems, can be efficiently captured. Furthermore, the wavelet transform provides a direct measure of local error at each collocation point, effectively producing automatically verified solutions. The method is applied to the solution of unsteady, compressible, reactive flow equations, and includes detailed diffusive transport and chemical kinetics models. Accuracy and performance of the method are examined on several test problems. The sparse grids produced by the WAMR method exhibit an impressive compression of the solution, reducing the number of collocation points used by factors of many orders of magnitude when compared to uniform grids of equivalent resolution.
After Many a Summer?: The Possibilities of Political Change in South Africa

A great deal has been written about the political system of the Republic of South Africa. The ethnic, linguistic and racial differences of its population, the complex and convoluted history of its political antecedents, the strength and productivity of its economy, its strategic location (both in terms of geography and transaction flows), the inequities of its social and political system, and above all, the seeming uncertainty of its future have fascinated observers of its past and present. The volume of material is impressive; however, because many of the works dealing with South Africa are highly personal or partisan in character or essentially descriptive in nature, they are generally of only marginal or transitory importance to any fundamental understanding of its political system. Moreover, there remain substantial blank spots on our cognitive map of South Africa, and many of the more critical aspects of its situation have been ignored or given the most superficial of treatments.
THE QUESTION OF EFFICIENCY IN URBAN BUS TRANSPORTATION

. This paper estimates a flexible frontier specification for the production of urban bus transit services in the United States. The results confirm previous findings of relatively unimportant scale economies. However, they also suggest that this regulated industry is subject to substantial technical and allocative inefficiency.
Reweighting estimators for Cox regression with missing covariate data: Analysis of insulin resistance and risk of stroke in the Northern Manhattan Study

Incomplete covariates often obscure analysis results from a Cox regression. In an analysis of the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) to determine the influence of insulin resistance on the incidence of stroke in nondiabetic individuals, insulin level is unknown for 34.1% of the subjects. The available data suggest that the missingness mechanism depends on outcome variables, which may generate biases in estimating the parameters of interest if only using the complete observations. This article aimed to introduce practical strategies to analyze the NOMAS data and present sensitivity analyses by using the reweighting method in standard statistical packages. When the data set structure is in counting process style, the reweighting estimates can be obtained by built-in procedures with variance estimated by the jackknife method. Simulation results indicate that the jackknife variance estimate provides reasonable coverage probability in moderate sample sizes. We subsequently conducted sensitivity analyses for the NOMAS data, showing that the risk estimates are robust to a variety of missingness mechanisms. At the end of this article, we present the core SAS and R programs used in the analysis.
Method of moments solution with parametric curved triangular patches

The triangular patch moment method solution, developed by S.M. Rao et al. (1982) is extended to better handle curved bodies. In the case where an object of curvature is of interest, the use of flat facets creates unnecessary man-made discretization errors in the solution. Such errors can be important, for example, in near-field calculations (electromagnetic compatibility, antenna impedance, etc.) n the observation point is on or close to the object surface, such that effects of surface roughness are more easily seen. Parametrically defined curved patches are used in place of flat facets, with specifically designed basis functions for subdomains which now contain surface curvature. Numerical results are presented. >
Polymerization by oxidative coupling. IV.†. Synthesis and properties of poly(2-methyl-6-phenylphenylene ether)

Copper-amine catalyst systems which polymerize 2-methyl-6-phenylphenol to high molecular weight polymer are described. With CuCl and N,N,N ′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine (TMBD), an intrinsic viscosity of 1.56 dl/g was obtained. Faster rates of polymerization resulted with a CuBr-TMBD catalyst. Catalysts from other tertiary amines and mixtures of tertiary amines also produced high polymer. Pyridine and diethylamine catalyst were less active. Samples of polymer were isolated at different stages of the polymerization. Measurements of viscosity, osmotic pressure, light scattering, gel permeation, hydroxyl groups, nitrogen content, and chemical reactivity were made on the samples. Below a molecular weight value of Mn 60,000, Mn/Mw was 2.0. At higher molecular weights, there was a broadening in molecular weight distribution. No major change in the molar concentration of the “;head” endgroups with increasing molecular weight was detected by infrared analysis. However, nitrogen analyses, chemical reactivity studies, and the Mn/Mw ratio suggested the chemical nature of the “head” end had changed. The relationships between intrinsic viscosity in chloroform at 25°C and Mn and Mw for unfractionated polymer samples are log [η] = −4.26 + 0.84 log Mn and log [η] = −3.86 + 0.70 log Mw.
Circulating apelin concentrations in mother/infant pairs at term.

Aim: To prospectively investigate circulating concentrations of the adipokine and angiogenic factor apelin in mother/infant pairs and correlate them with respective insulin concentrations. Methods: Plasma apelin concentrations were determined in 40 mothers and their singleton full-term foetuses and neonates on day 1 (N1) and 4 (N4) of life. Results: Maternal apelin concentrations were lower compared to foetal, N1 and N4 ones (p < 0.001 in all cases). N1 apelin concentrations were lower compared to foetal and N4 ones (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005, respectively). Maternal apelin concentrations positively correlated with foetal, N1 and N4 concentrations (r= 0.663, p < 0.001, r= 0.486, p = 0.003, r= 0.484, p = 0.003, respectively). Foetal apelin concentrations positively correlated with N1 and N4 ones (r= 0.337, p = 0.044 and r= 0.574, p < 0.001, respectively). N1 apelin concentrations positively correlated with N4 ones (r= 0.513, p = 0.001). No association was found between apelin concentrations and birthweight, gender, parity or mode of delivery. No significant correlations were observed between apelin and insulin concentrations. Conclusions: Concentrations of apelin are high in the foetus, possibly suggesting its potential role in intrauterine development. Apelin expression in placental tissue could account for its higher foetal concentrations and for its down-regulation soon after birth. The postnatal increase of apelin concentrations could presumably point to a gradual initiation of ex utero angiogenesis.
Access control policy combining: theory meets practice

Many access control policy languages, e.g., XACML, allow a policy to contain multiple sub-policies, and the result of the policy on a request is determined by combining the results of the sub-policies according to some policy combining algorithms (PCAs). Existing access control policy languages, however, do not provide a formal language for specifying PCAs. As a result, it is difficult to extend them with new PCAs. While several formal policy combining algebras have been proposed, they did not address important practical issues such as policy evaluation errors and obligations; furthermore, they cannot express PCAs that consider all sub-policies as a whole (e.g., weak majority or strong majority). We propose a policy combining language PCL, which can succinctly and precisely express a variety of PCAs. PCL represents an advancement both in terms of theory and practice. It is based on automata theory and linear constraints, and is more expressive than existing approaches. We have implemented PCL and integrated it with SUN's XACML implementation. With PCL, a policy evaluation engine only needs to understand PCL to evaluate any PCA specified in it.
Critical Multimodal Hip Hop Production: A Social Justice Approach to African American Language and Literacy Practices

This article features key findings from a study that highlights the transformative impact of a pedagogical approach that employs Critical Multimodal Hip Hop Production (CMHHP). The study took place in an extended day program in a northern California public middle school among a group of 30, urban, African American, Chicano/a/Latino/a, and Asian youth. The authors utilize a theoretical lens informed by research on African American Language (AAL) and literacy practices, critical media literacy, social justice education, critical pedagogy, and critical race theory to contextualize the outcomes of using such a pedagogical approach. Through interviews, description of key critical pedagogical strategies, and an analysis of the lyrical content of two students' multimodal hip hop productions, the authors demonstrate how CMHHP was used to engage youth in (1) facilitating a participatory action research project; (2) synthesizing data from the research project and theorizing about the data in relationship to their l...
Structural reform of social security pensions in Latin America: Models, characteristics, results and conclusions

The structural reform of social security pensions is the subject of international debate, and Latin America has been a pioneer of such reform. The region has gathered experience over two decades, and had an important influence on other regions. This article gathers legal and statistical data about reform in ten countries of Latin America, in order (1) to analyse the three distinct general models followed and note the characteristics of the reforms in the different countries; (2) to evaluate the performance of the reforms against nine conventional assumptions about its effects; (3) to draw useful lessons from these reforms for the region and other countries.
Fospropofol: A New Sedative-Hypnotic Agent for Monitored Anesthesia Care

Objective:To summarize the published clinical data on fospropofol, critically review the safety and efficacy information, and provide pertinent information for formulary review.Data Sources:Data were collected from searches of MEDLINE (1966–June 30, 2009), EMBASE (1974–June 30, 2009), bibliographies of manuscripts, and www.fda.gov. Key search terms included fospropofol, Lusedra, Aquavan, sedative–hypnotic, and monitored anesthesia care.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 clinical trials studying the safety and efficacy of fospropofol were reviewed.Data Synthesis:Fospropofol is a water-soluble prodrug of propofol, a potent sedative–hypnotic agent. Propofol is highly lipophilic and is formulated in lipid-containing solvents, which have known disadvantages, including pain on injection, narrow therapeutic window with the potential to cause deep sedation, high lipid intake during long-term sedation, and risk of infection resulting from bacterial contamination. Due to its water...
Self-inhibiting effects of reinforcement

The reinforcers produced by one response reduce the rate of other, concurrently reinforced responses. An analysis of the logical and empirical implications of the relation indicates that one reinforcer must have this effect on responses maintained by other reinforcers even when all reinforcers are produced by the same class of responses. A quantitative expression of the relation leads to a formulation, mathematically equivalent to Herrnstein's (1970), in which the rate of a reinforced response is a joint function of (1) an excitatory effect of the reinforcers produced by that class of responses, and (2) an inhibitory effect of the total reinforcers produced both by that class and by other classes of responses.
Berth allocation with service priorities: a linear reformulation

The berth-allocation problem (BAP) aims to optimally schedule and assign ships to berthing areas along a quay. The vessels arrive at the port over a period of time and normally request and compete for early service start and departure. Berth allocation policies with service priority are important in terminal operations and are applicable in situations involving various vessel sizes, different handling volumes and different service strings. In this paper the discrete and dynamic BAP is formulated as a linear MIP problem with linear constraints, with the objective to minimize the weighted total service time. A heuristic is also presented for large instances of the problem.
Heterogeneous floorplanning for FPGAs

The large size of modern FPGAs has caused researchers to consider deploying hierarchical techniques in their design. In this paper, we consider the floorplanning of FPGAs. We present a two-step approach for the floorplanning of modern FPGAs that we believe is cleaner and more versatile than recent floorplanners. The steps, based on resource-aware fixed outline simulated annealing and constrained floorplanning, are adapted to address the heterogeneous nature of FPGA floorplanning. Experiments demonstrate the viability of our approach.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF NEPHROLITHIASIS

About 1 out of 14 males and 1 out of 30 females are afflicted with kidney stones. In many of these patients, the disease is recurrent. Fortunately, our understanding of the disease and ability to treat renal stone disease has increased in the last decade. Parenteral NSAIDs have been shown to be as effective as narcotics in treating renal colic. Dietary and drug therapy after proper metabolic evaluation of patients with recurrent stones is beneficial in reducing the recurrence rate. New understanding of the role of diet and many organic inhibitors of crystallization in urine will further broaden the scope of management of this common disease.
Drink, drive, go to jail? A study of police officers arrested for drunk driving

The purpose of the current study is to provide empirical data on cases of police driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and/or drugs. The study identifies events that may have influenced the decision to arrest, including associated traffic accidents, fatalities, officer resistance, the refusal of field sobriety tests, and the refusal of blood alcohol content tests. The study is a quantitative content analysis of news articles identified through the Google News search engine using 48 automated Google Alerts queries. Data are analyzed on 782 DUI arrest cases of officers employed by 511 nonfederal law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. The study is the only study known to describe police officer DUI arrests as they occur within police agencies across the United States.
How promptly nonindustrial private forest landowners regenerate their lands after harvest: a duration analysis

Understanding factors that influence how promptly landowners regenerate their timberlands after harvest, if at all, is critical to developing policies to improve forest productivity. Mississippi forest landowners with over 100 acres (1 acre = 0.404 ha) of forestland were surveyed in 2006 to collect harvest and regeneration data from 1996 to 2006. This study investigated the length of the time interval between harvest and reforestation. Nonparametric duration analysis was used to examine how long nonindustrial private forest landowners waited to reforest after harvesting. Parametric duration analysis was used to examine factors that influenced the length of this period. The mean time elapsed from harvest to re- generation was 11 months for landowners that regenerated their lands. The instantaneous probability of regeneration reached its highest value in the 16th month after harvest and, thereafter, decreased steadily until the 28th month, after which the probability of regeneration was essentially nil. Interest in timber production, employing a consultant, and owner- ships that were predominantly pine forest types were factors associated with substantially shorter reforestation times. Lower stumpage prices and higher reforestation costs were associated with substantially longer reforestation times. Resume´ : Il est crucial de comprendre les facteurs qui influencent la rapiditeavec laquelle les proprietaires fonciers regen- erent leurs forets apres une recolte, s'ils le font, pour developper des politiques visant a ameliorer la productivitede la foret. Les proprietaires forestiers du Mississipi possedant plus de 100 acres (1 acre = 0,404 ha) de foret ont fait l'objet d'une enquete en 2006 pour collecter des donnees de recolte et de regeneration de 1996 a 2006. Cette etude porte sur l'in- tervalle de temps entre la recolte et le reboisement. L'analyse non parametrique de la dureeaeteutilisee pour examiner combien de temps les proprietaires de foret privee non industrielle ont attendu pour reboiser apres une recolte. L'analyse parametrique de la dureeaeteutilisee pour etudier les facteurs qui influencent la duree de cette periode. Le temps moyen ecouleentre la recolte et le reboisement etait de 11 mois pour les proprietaires qui ont reboiseleurs terres. La probabilite´ instantaneed e regeneration culminait au cours du 16 e mois apresl a recolte puis diminuait regulierement par la suite pour devenir nulle apresl e 28 e mois. L'interet pour la production de matiere ligneuse, impliquant le recours a un consultant, et la possession de terres occupees principalement par des forets de pin etaient des facteurs associesades delais de reboise- ment significativement plus courts. Des prix du bois sur pied plus faibles et des couts de reboisement plus elevesetaient associesades delais de reboisement substantiellement plus longs. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Fetal fibronectin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein are useful in establishing prognostic subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate fetal fibronectin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein from patients with preterm labor to establish prognostic subcategories. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-seven patients with preterm labor had cervical fetal fibronectin and plasma C-reactive protein sampled. Eighteen of these patients had amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels measured. Outcome variables were (1) delivery before 34 week and (2) delivery within 48 hours. RESULTS: Detectable cervical fetal fibronectin identified 89% of patients who were delivered before 34 weeks' gestation. Interleukin-6 >1500 pg/ml identified 88% of patients who were delivered within 48 hours. C-reactive protein >1.5 mg/dl correlated with elevated interleukin-6 levels (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Three subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor were evident: (1) fetal fibronectin nondetectable (37% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks), (2) fetal fibronectin detectable but interleukin-6 48 hours' latency), and (3) fetal fibronectin present and interleukin-6 >1500 pg/ml (91% likely to be delivered with <48 hours' latency).
Factor V deficiency in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia

Factor V deficiency has been identified in 8 of 8 patients 7--20 yr of age, with Philadelphia-positive (Ph1+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In these 8 patients, factor V deficiency was not due to hepatic dysfunction, factor V inhibitors, or disseminated intravascular coagulation. In 3 patients, factor V activity rose 10%--12% (0.10--0.12 U/ml) after the infusion of 28--31 ml/kg body weight of fresh frozen plasma (FFP). The rise persisted less than 14 hr. The mean measured postinfusion rise in factor V was 18% of the expected rise calculated from the volume of FFP infused in the patients' plasma volume. In 4 patients, a small transient rise in factor V activity occurred after splenectomy or plateletpheresis. Factor V deficiency was completely corrected after a marked reduction in bone marrow cellularity in 2 patients with Ph1+ CML treated with extensive chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and bone marrow transplantation. Factor V deficiency was retrospectively observed in 6 of 20 patients, ages 20--80 yr, with Ph1+ CML and 3 of 6 patients with other myeloproliferative disorders. The factor V deficiency appears to be associated with the large myeloid- megakaryocytic cell mass characteristic of CML and other myeloproliferative disorders.
The Survival Value of Sensory Perception

The classical senses, vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell, were first conceived as the windows of the soul. Later, and even up to the present, they were conceived as distinct channels by which messages were sent to the brain. Each has an obvious and seemingly isolated organ. The simplicity of this scheme began to break up in the nineteenth century. The list of senses had to be extended. Kinaesthesis was added, but it had to include the sense of position of the body as well as of movement. The equilibrium sense was discovered, its organs being part of the inner “ear” or labyrinth. Temperature and pain were added, or else made subdivisions of the skin sense. Touch itself proved to be complex. The senses were classified by Sherrington as exteroceptive, proprioceptive, and interoceptive, but these classes do not now appear to be mutually exclusive.
De Facto Slavery and the "Syren Songs of Liberty And Equality": Carol Weisbrod, Much Obliged

With brilliance, Carol Weisbrod demonstrates throughout her prolific scholarship that legal materials afford an important source for revealing how people define myriad community values. Law in its many manifestations is indeed an appealing depository for society's moral residues.39 Yet close scrutiny even of formal judicial opinions tends to be frustrating because attention must be paid not only to the context but also to the dynamics of who is not heard and what is not said within the adversarial process. Indeed, by regularly funneling issues into binary categories, the adversarial process in the United States obscures the extent to which law is indeed a 'moving classification system.'
How to Kill Endangered Species, Legally: The Nuts and Bolts of Endangered Species Act 'HCP' Permits for Real Estate Development

The Endangered Species Act permits land development induced take of protected species on the conditions that the take is not the purpose for the development project, and that certain measures are implemented to minimize harm to the species. One form of incidental take authorization in the Endangered Species Act is the section 10 habitat conservation plan (HCP) permit program. Section 10 of the Endangered Species Act specifically provides for the permitting of incidental takes occurring in land development projects not carried out, funded, or authorized by the federal government. With the increasing attention to private lands as critical habitat for endangered species, this permit program has become important. Relatively little has been written in the way of guidance for land development attorneys on how to navigate the HCP permit process. This Article seeks to fill that gap so that all sides can participate in a more efficient process, one that promotes both development and sustainable conservation. This Article examines the HCP permit process from the perspective of an attorney whose client wishes to develop a moderately-sized parcel of land, the development of which may adversely affect an endangered species. The Article begins by exploring the factors used to determine whether an HCP permit is necessary for the project. Next, the Article explains how to obtain the permit once its necessity has been determined. Finally, the Article discusses methods to ensure the client's long-term compliance with the permit. Resolution of these three fundamental issues depends in differing degrees upon the black letter law of the HCP program, written and unwritten guidance and policy, other sections of the Endangered Species Act and other laws, as well as varying interpretations and implementations of the applicable law. The author concludes that despite disagreement over whether the HCP program can truly work effectively toward both real estate development and species conservation, those who understand how the Endangered Species Act works in practice are better situated to contribute to those dual ends.
The case of Mary Carleton: representing the female subject, 1663-73

La tradition du travestissement feminin comme strategie pamphletaire d'auto-defense dans The Case of Madam Mary Carleton, ou l'ecivain - repondant aux accusations de bigamie - expose sa vision feministe du mariage, par une revision des conventions du roman et du recit de voyage. La remise en question, notamment par son mari, de son autorite litteraire et la re-appropriation de cette transgression feminine dans The Couterfeit Lady Unveiled de F. Kirkman
Legal Issues in Critical Care

This chapter for a textbook on Critical Care Medicine concentrates on the chief legal ramifications of practice in that medical sphere in the United States. Specific legal areas covered, with an emphasis on their particular application to Critical Care practitioners, include: informed consent and refusal; decisional capacity and surrogate decision making; decisions to limit treatment; institutional protocols and supports; determinations of death; legal responsibility and vicarious liability; documentation; and risk management.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE VALIDITY OF THE TRAIT AND STATE SPORT-CONFIDENCE INVENTORIES IN PREDICTING MARATHON PERFORMANCE

Data from 35 marathon runners (25 men, 10 women) were used to examine the validity of the Trait Sport-confidence Inventory and the State Sport-confidence Inventory as predictors of marathon running...
Coherent feedback control of a single qubit in diamond

Engineering desired operations on qubits subjected to the deleterious effects of their environment is a critical task in quantum information processing, quantum simulation and sensing. The most common approach relies on open-loop quantum control techniques, including optimal-control algorithms based on analytical or numerical solutions, Lyapunov design and Hamiltonian engineering. An alternative strategy, inspired by the success of classical control, is feedback control. Because of the complications introduced by quantum measurement, closed-loop control is less pervasive in the quantum setting and, with exceptions, its experimental implementations have been mainly limited to quantum optics experiments. Here we implement a feedback-control algorithm using a solid-state spin qubit system associated with the nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond, using coherent feedback to overcome the limitations of measurement-based feedback, and show that it can protect the qubit against intrinsic dephasing noise for milliseconds. In coherent feedback, the quantum system is connected to an auxiliary quantum controller (ancilla) that acquires information about the output state of the system (by an entangling operation) and performs an appropriate feedback action (by a conditional gate). In contrast to open-loop dynamical decoupling techniques, feedback control can protect the qubit even against Markovian noise and for an arbitrary period of time (limited only by the coherence time of the ancilla), while allowing gate operations. It is thus more closely related to quantum error-correction schemes, although these require larger and increasing qubit overheads. Increasing the number of fresh ancillas enables protection beyond their coherence time. We further evaluate the robustness of the feedback protocol, which could be applied to quantum computation and sensing, by exploring a trade-off between information gain and decoherence protection, as measurement of the ancilla-qubit correlation after the feedback algorithm voids the protection, even if the rest of the dynamics is unchanged.
Highly accelerated cardiac cine parallel MRI using low-rank matrix completion and partial separability model

This paper presents a new approach to highly accelerated dynamic parallel MRI using low rank matrix completion, partial separability (PS) model. In data acquisition, k-space data is moderately randomly undersampled at the center kspace navigator locations, but highly undersampled at the outer k-space for each temporal frame. In reconstruction, the navigator data is reconstructed from undersampled data using structured low-rank matrix completion. After all the unacquired navigator data is estimated, the partial separable model is used to obtain partial k-t data. Then the parallel imaging method is used to acquire the entire dynamic image series from highly undersampled data. The proposed method has shown to achieve high quality reconstructions with reduction factors up to 31, and temporal resolution of 29ms, when the conventional PS method fails.
Vitamin analysis in infant formulas.

The methodology used by the Atlanta Regional Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, for determination of vitamins in infant formulas is summarized. Analytical findings for 11 vitamins are presented by manufacturer in terms of the requirements of the Infant Formula Act and percentage of the manufacturer's label declaration.
The Politics of Implants for Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract This article addressed the growing concerns of women surviving breast cancer who choose to be reconstructed through implantation of a silicone device. The political nature of the implanted survivor's personal choice has been presented from a feminist perspective, correlating U.S. culture's policy of women's wholeness as a physical phenomenon with profitably-invested, male-dominated groups in control. Implications for feminist counsel and action were assessed in conclusion.
Supersuppression: Reservoir Competency and Timing of Mosquito Host Shifts Combine to Reduce Spillover of West Nile Virus.

Abstract In the eastern United States, human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) result from spillover from urban epizootic transmission between passerine birds and Culex mosquitoes. In Atlanta, GA, substantial WNV presence in hosts and vectors has not resulted in the human disease burden observed in cities with similar infection pressure. Our study goal was to investigate extrinsic ecological conditions that potentially contribute to these reduced transmission rates. We conducted WNV surveillance among hosts and vectors in urban Atlanta and recorded an overall avian seroprevalence of nearly 30%, which was significantly higher among northern cardinals, blue jays, and members of the mimid family, and notably low among American robins. Examination of temporal Culex feeding patterns showed a marked feeding shift from American robins in the early season to northern cardinals in the late season. We therefore rule out American robins as superspreaders in the Atlanta area and suggest instead that northern cardinals and mimids act as WNV “supersuppressor” species, which slow WNV transmission by drawing many infectious bites during the critical virus amplification period, yet failing to amplify transmission due to low host competencies. Of particular interest, urban forest patches provide spillover protection by increasing the WNV amplification fraction on supersuppressor species.