cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bestiality in Forensically Committed Sexual Offenders: A Case Series.

Although bestiality has occurred since prehistoric times, it remains a poorly understood aspect of human sexuality. Prevalence studies in the mid-20th century suggested that bestiality was a relatively common phenomenon. Since that time, researchers have studied bestiality among specific populations, including self-identified “zoophiles” and inmates who report a history of bestiality. Findings from inmate research suggest that bestiality may represent a risk factor for future interpersonal violence. This study presents a case series of bestiality among sexual offenders committed under forensic commitment schemes. The case series demonstrates the range of animal partners, sexual acts, and comorbid paraphilic and nonparaphilic diagnoses in individuals who report a history of bestiality. In addition, it helps clarify potential motivations for sex with animals and how such motivations may influence the forensic psychiatric assessment of offenders who have sex with animals.
Revitalizing the Field of Medical Ethics

Dr. Mark Siegler is a founding figure in the field of clinical medical ethics. This brief chapter discusses how he personally revitalized the field of medical ethics, which was not serving patients or physicians sufficiently when he began his work in the 1970s. Dr. Siegler’s compassion, generosity, devotion to patient welfare, and attention to the doctor-patient relationship led to the founding of both the MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics and the Bucksbaum Institute. Through the efforts of Dr. Siegler and these organizations, hundreds of physicians and health care professionals have been trained in the field of clinical medical ethics and the principle of caring has been embedded in the training and preparation of future physicians and clinicians.
Discovery and characterization of an iminocoumarin scaffold as an inhibitor of MEKK2 (MAP3K2)

Abstract The kinase MEKK2 (MAP3K2) activates the MEK5/ERK5 cell signaling pathway and may play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, MEKK2 may represent a novel kinase target for cancer. In order to identify inhibitors of MEKK2, we screened a library of compounds using a high throughput MEKK2 intrinsic ATPase enzyme assay. We identified two hits with validated structures and confirmed activity in the primary assay (IC50 values = 322 nM and 7.7 μM) and two orthogonal MEKK2 biochemical assays. Compound 1, the more potent hit, was the subject of further investigation. Limited structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed on this iminocoumarin hit which resulted in ≥20-fold more potent analogs (e.g. 8 and 16 nM IC50). Two analogs had improved selectivity in a 50-member kinase profiling panel compared to the hit. These studies suggested that substitutions around the phenoxy ring of this scaffold can impart improved potency and selectivity for MEKK2. Analog Compound 1s (16 nM IC50) was further verified by external testing to inhibit MEKK2 and MEKK3 with similar potencies. Compound 1s displayed activity in cell-based assays in which it inhibited ERK5 pathway activation in cells and inhibited cell migration in a scratch assay. Thus, we have identified a scaffold that has promising potential to be developed into a highly selective and potent inhibitor of MEKK2. Information from these SAR studies provides specific guidance for the future design of MEKK2 inhibitor probes.
Insufficient sleep syndrome

Partial sleep deprivation, or insufficient sleep, has occurred for millennia. Physicians, particularly physicians in training, lose a great deal of sleep. Soldiers suffer partial sleep deprivation during military campaigns; indeed, the military science of sleep logistics involves balancing the cost of man-hours lost to sleep against the beneficial effects of sleep on performance and morale [23]. Insufficient sleep has accompanied pregnancy, child-rearing, and chronic illness throughout humanity’s existence.
DETECTING AIR POCKETS FOR ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE QUALITY ASSESSMENT USING VISUAL SENSING

Air pockets, one kind of concrete surface defects, are often created on formed concrete surfaces during concrete construction. Their existence undermines the desired appearance and visual uniformity of architectural concrete. Therefore, measuring the impact of air pockets on the concrete surface in the form of air pockets is vital in assessing the quality of architectural concrete. Traditionally, such measurements are mainly based on in-situ manual inspections, the results of which are subjective and heavily dependent on the inspectors’ own criteria and experience. Often, inspectors may make different assessments even when inspecting the same concrete surface. In addition, the need for experienced inspectors costs owners or general contractors more in inspection fees. To alleviate these problems, this paper presents a methodology that can measure air pockets quantitatively and automatically. In order to achieve this goal, a high contrast, scaled image of a concrete surface is acquired from a fixed distance range and then a spot filter is used to accurately detect air pockets with the help of an image pyramid. The properties of air pockets (the number, the size, and the occupation area of air pockets) are subsequently calculated. These properties are used to quantify the impact of air pockets on the architectural concrete surface. The methodology is implemented in a C++ based prototype and tested on a database of concrete surface images. Comparisons with manual tests validated its measuring accuracy. As a result, the methodology presented in this paper can increase the reliability of concrete surface quality assessment
Attachment, Loss of Spouse, and Disordered Mourning:

A conceptual framework of attachment is applied to understanding and treating the processes of grief and mourning when they take a maladaptive course following spousal bereavement. The author provi...
A quantitative method for measuring regional economic resilience to the great recession

Regional economic resilience can be defined as an economy’s ability to withstand and recover quickly from shocks. The ability to measure resilience is necessary to developing our understanding of what influences resilience. In this paper, we develop a new, two‐dimensional quantitative measure of resilience using observed differences between expected and actual employment in a region following a shock and distinguish the response to the shock from random variation. We demonstrate one application of this metric to US county‐level employment data to compare county responses to the 2007–2009 national recession and discuss how different regions of the United States responded to the shock of the Great Recession in terms of resilience.
Information spectra and optimal background states for dynamical networks

We consider the notion of stimulus representation over dynamic networks, wherein the network states encode information about the identify of an afferent input (i.e. stimulus). Our goal is to understand how the structure and temporal dynamics of networks support information processing. In particular, we conduct a theoretical study to reveal how the background or ‘default’ state of a network with linear dynamics allows it to best promote discrimination over a continuum of stimuli. Our principal contribution is the derivation of a matrix whose spectrum (eigenvalues) quantify the extent to which the state of a network encodes its inputs. This measure, based on the notion of a Fisher linear discriminant, is relativistic in the sense that it provides an information value quantifying the ‘knowablility’ of an input based on its projection onto the background state. We subsequently optimize the background state and highlight its relationship to underlying state noise covariance. This result demonstrates how the best idle state of a network may be informed by its structure and dynamics. Further, we relate the proposed information spectrum to the controllabilty gramian matrix, establishing a link between fundamental control-theoretic network analysis and information processing.
Phase selection motifs in High Entropy Alloys revealed through combinatorial methods: Large atomic size difference favors BCC over FCC

Abstract High Entropy Alloys are inherently complex and span a vast composition space, making their research and discovery challenging. Developing quantitative predictions of their phase selection requires a large quantity of consistently determined experimental data. Here, we use combinatorial methods to fabricate and characterize 2478 quinary alloys based on Al and transition metals. All data are publicly available at http://materialsatlasproject.org/ . Phase selection can be predicted for considered alloys when combining the content of FCC/BCC elements and the constituents’ atomic size difference. Mining our data reveals that High Entropy Alloys with increasing atomic size difference prefer BCC structure over FCC. This preference is typically overshadowed by other selection motifs, which dominate during close-to-equilibrium processing. Not suggested by the Hume-Rothery rules, this preference originates from the ability of the BCC structure to accommodate a large atomic size difference with lower strain energy penalty which can be practically only realized in High Entropy Alloys.
Effectiveness of "natural", habituated, shock-related, and food-related stimuli as CSs for avoidance learning in goldfish.

Four groups of 11 goldfish were given different kinds of experiences with a light stimulus later to be used as a CS for two-way, active avoidance conditioning. For one group, the light was repeatedly paired with food; for another, the light was paired with inescapable shock; a third group received light-only presentations (habituation); a control group never experienced the light before testing. In avoidance conditioning testing, the shock-related and food-related groups performed significantly better than the control group, which in turn outperformed the habituated group. It is concluded that the acquisition of an orienting reaction to a CS outweighs the positive-vs-negative source of that OR.
Central Acetylcholine and Stress Induced Cardiovascular, Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Changes: Effects of Physostigmine and Neostigmine

A growing body of data indicates that central neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, including norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, dopamine, vasopressin, and the opioid polypeptides, are likely to have a major role in the regulation of stress (1). In the following paragraphs, we will review and present evidence suggesting that central acetylcholine may also have an important role in the regulation of stress. Supportive of this, Gilad et al. (7) have observed stress-induced increases in central nervous system acetylcholine turnover and neuronal choline uptake, and down-regulation of muscarinic receptors in rats; and these effects are exaggerated in stress-sensitive rats. Furthermore, there is evidence from a number of studies and from our own work that many of the manifestations of naturally occurring stress are mimicked by administration of centrally acting cholinomimetic agents in both animals and in man.
Ruminative responses to interpersonal precipitants mediate borderline personality disorder features' effects on distress reactivity and recovery in daily life.

OBJECTIVE We tested whether negative interpersonal events (NIEs) precipitate rumination at times of distress in the daily lives of those with borderline personality disorder (BPD) features and whether such responses mediate associations between BPD and the reactivity and recovery components of emotion dysregulation. MATERIALS AND METHOD One hundred twenty-one women completed clinical interviews, survey measures, and a 7-day ecological momentary assessment. RESULTS Elevated BPD features predicted ruminative response deployment only in the context of NIEs. Though elevated BPD features and NIEs predicted heightened distress reactivity, the indirect effect of BPD on distress reactivity via ruminative responses was conditional on NIE occurrence. Ruminative responses also mediated the conditional effects of BPD features on prolonged recovery from distress; trait rumination served as a second indirect pathway between BPD features and distress recovery. CONCLUSION Results suggest that though contextual, rumination is a common pathway for emotional hyperarousal and slow recovery from distress for those with elevated BPD features.
POSSIBLE FUNCTION OF H-2 CODED CELL-SURFACE MARKERS: H-2 STRUCTURES ARE RECEPTORS FOR DIFFERENTIATION SIGNALS

Abstract: H-2 coded cell-surface structures may serve as receptors for various differentiation signals. Thus, evolution may have forced viruses to functionally associate with K and D structures, or intracellular bacteria or toxins with I coded structures, since these became the substrate for an evolving cellular immune system for mechanistic reasons: K and D may control osmoregulation of cells (possible only in phylogeny or during ontogeny, if specifically triggered during the eclipse phase of virus-infection cell death results in virus destruction; similarly I coded structures may be receptors for differentiation signals to improve intracellular digestion of phagocytized antigens or to induce production of specific (antibodies) or nonspecific (lymphokines) factors promoting antigen-neutralization and destruction.
Effects of Concrete Age on Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Paving Mixes and Its Significance in Unbonded Overlay Design

With the advancement in rigid pavement design and advent of AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) Design (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC) as the latest design tool, increasing emphasis is being laid on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of concrete. The CTE affects the performance of rigid pavements in a significant manner, with a higher CTE corresponding to greater curling and resulting in greater pavement distresses. Prior research has conflicting views regarding CTE variation with age, and there has been very little to no research on the effects of CTE on the performance of unbonded concrete overlays (UBCOs). This study is performed to investigate the variation of CTE with concrete age through laboratory testing and further quantify the effects of CTE variation on UBCO design. To facilitate, four concrete paving mixes with different types of coarse aggregates and different mix properties from different districts of New Mexico were collected. The cast specimens from each of the mixes were tested for CTE as per the AASHTO T-336, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Concrete, protocol, at the ages of 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days, respectively. The test results were analyzed, and it was observed that there is an increase in CTE over the range of 3.49 % to 9.77 %, between 28 days and 180 days. Further analysis was conducted with simulations in Pavement ME Design Version 2.3® that indicated a significantly deteriorated performance of the UBCO with increased CTE. The impact on transverse cracking and joint faulting is the most significant, with up to 13.3 % increase in cracking and up to 19.7 % increase in faulting distress. An unbonded overlay designed with 28 days CTE value may not perform for the design life because of the increase in CTE with age progression.
Kindly Requested Is Your Rapt Attention: Embedded Support for ESL Students in Technical Writing Classes

An English as Second Language tutoring specialist was embedded into introductory-level technical communication courses via the Learning Management System. Topics discussed include reasons for developing the program, its initial launch and follow up, difficulties, successes, and preliminary assessments.
The continuum of simulator-based maritime training and education

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the maritime supply chain and called for accelerated adoption of digital technologies in various aspects of maritime operations, including the area of maritime education and training (MET). This paper aims to discuss the current maritime simulator-based training and educational practices that forms an integral part in seafarer training and competency development. The study provides a review of the existing simulators in use in MET, and discusses upon the technological and pedagogical advancement of maritime simulator-based training interventions with predictions regarding the future MET practices with use of virtual reality and cloud-based simulators. This study—by focusing on ship’s bridge operations—highlights the characteristics of various types of simulators and also discusses the role of instructors, challenges, and opportunities involving future simulator-based MET due to accelerated adoption of digital technologies and the need to comply with pandemic-related restrictions for MET institutes. The analysis generated in the paper may contribute to the ongoing discussion regarding the future of simulator-based MET and the fulfillment of the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 in the maritime sector.
Cultivating Enduring and Reciprocal Relationships in Academia: An Indigenous Mentor-Mentee Model

This article takes form following an exchange of letters in which the Chickasaw and Hopi authors reflected on an Indigenous mentorship relationship in higher education as the embodiment of a carved-out space for Indigenous ways of knowing and being. They begin the story of their faculty mentor-doctoral mentee relationship with the memory of the mentee’s graduation from the doctorate program and the gifting of a shawl. This moment was both a culminating and rebirthing of a relationship, an Indigenization of the institutional university hooding graduation ceremony. The authors privilege an Indigenous gift paradigm based in values of care and notions of kinship. Together, they ask and explore questions of how such a gift paradigm is created, enacted, and sustained in higher education. They reflect on practices which cultivated, nurtured, and sustained the mentorship relationship through the years from admission and leading up to the doctoral graduation ceremony, and beyond.
Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and treatment among middle-aged and older women in the Nurses’ Health Study II.

ABSTRACT Objectives Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among women and associated with negative health outcomes across the life course. Relatively few studies, however, have examined the epidemiology of trauma, PTSD, and treatment among middle-aged and older civilian women, who are at elevated risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to characterize trauma, PTSD, and trauma-related treatment prevalence and correlates in a large cohort of middle-aged and older women. Design Cross-sectional, nested sub-study within the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort. Setting United States, 2018-2020. Participants 33,327 current or former nurses, aged 53-74 years. Measurements 16-item modified version of the Brief Trauma Questionnaire; modified PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Version 5. Results The majority (82.2%) of women reported one or more lifetime traumas. The most common trauma types were unexpected death of a loved one (44.9%) and interpersonal violence (43.5%). Almost 30% reported occupational (nursing-related) trauma. Among the trauma-exposed, 10.5% met criteria for lifetime PTSD and 1.5% had past-month PTSD. One-third of lifetime PTSD cases were due to interpersonal violence event types. One-third of women with lifetime PTSD—and nearly half of those with PTSD from a nursing-related trauma—reported never receiving trauma-related treatment. Women aged 65 years and older with PTSD were less likely to be in treatment than those aged less than 65 years. Conclusions History of trauma and PTSD is prevalent in this population, and a treatment gap persists. Addressing this treatment gap is warranted, particularly among older women and those with nursing-related trauma.
Transient Loss of Vision in the Right Eye

A 60-year-old male presents with an episode of vision loss in his right eye. The event occurred a week ago, began while he was sitting watching television, and resolved spontaneously after about 20 min. He describes it as a curtain or shade that descended over his eye from top to bottom. He denied having any pain in the eye. He also denies any headaches, tiredness in his jaw while chewing, or any generalized fatigue. He denies any episodes of weakness or numbness on one side of his body or changes in his speech. He has a 30 pack/year history of smoking. He also has a history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. He denies a history of coronary artery disease or diabetes mellitus. He takes a betablocker and a statin. Physical examination reveals a systolic blood pressure of 140/70. He has normal carotid pulses and has a right carotid bruit. Neurologic examination is normal.
Clock tree synthesis for high performance ASICs

Using clock tree synthesis to create a high performance clocking network during layout requires the implementation of an active buffer distribution that is a design and technology specific trade-off between skew sensitivity, clock insertion delay, and simultaneously switching power dissipation. >
Modeling of laser-induced surface cracks in silica at 355 nm

Starting from the absorption of laser energy at a subsurface nanoparticle in fused silica, we simulate the consequent buildup of stresses and resulting mechanical material damage. The simulation indicates the formation of micropits with size comparable to a wavelength, similar to experimental observation. Possible mechanism for enhanced local light absorption are discussed.
A diffusion model for UWB indoor propagation

This paper proposes a diffusion model of the spatially averaged energy profile in time for indoor ultra-wideband links. The consecutive indoor reflections cause the energy to have a diffusion-like behavior that might be modeled by diffusion equations. Basic relations between model parameters i.e., room dimensions, diffusion speed, average reflection and absorption coefficients are hypothesized when no exact information about the rooms and objects inside them are available. The validity of this analytical model is verified with different propagation measurement sets. Also further modifications to improve the model accuracy have been proposed.
Comentário sobre alcorn & massé: pedagogia problemática

Responding to papers by Michelle Masse and Marshall Alcorn, I begin with an argument for the need to recognize ignorance as performative rather than merely as illustrative of student resistance in some pathological sense. I then explore the Lacanian notion that teachers develop imaginary suppositions about the lack in their students, and that these suppositions support rescue fantasies among teachers that are related to bolstering their own unconscious need for narcissistic gratification and love. I conclude by showing how these ideas resonate with my own autobiographical history as a teacher, as well as with key ideas in the two papers under discussion, and I commend both authors for opening up a valuable discussion of teaching as an "impossible profession".
Advantages of atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry in support of drug discovery

The performance of the atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) technique was evaluated against five sets of standards and drug-like compounds and compared to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). The APPI technique was first used to analyze a set of 86 drug standards with diverse structures and polarities with a 100% detection rate. More detailed studies were then performed for another three sets of both drug standards and proprietary drug candidates. All 60 test compounds in these three sets were detected by APPI with an overall higher ionization efficiency than either APCI or ESI. Most of the non-polar compounds in these three sets were not ionized by APCI or ESI. Analysis of a final set of 201 Wyeth proprietary drug candidates by APPI, APCI and ESI provided an additional comparison of the ionization techniques. The detection rates in positive ion mode were 94% for APPI, 84% for APCI, and 84% for ESI. Combining positive and negative ion mode detection, APPI detected 98% of the compounds, while APCI and ESI detected 91%, respectively. This analysis shows that APPI is a valuable tool for day-to-day usage in a pharmaceutical company setting because it is able to successfully ionize more compounds, with greater structural diversity, than the other two ionization techniques. Consequently, APPI could be considered a more universal ionization method, and therefore has great potential in high-throughput drug discovery especially for open access liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) applications.
Paclitaxel in Early Breast Cancer

1. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the Adjuvant combination chemotherapy in patients randomized trials. Lancet 1998; 352: 930-42 with early-stage breast cancer can reduce the risk of 2. Levine MN, Bramwell VH, Pritchard KI. Randomized trial of intensive cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil recurrence and death.[1] Anthracycline-containing chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexcombinations are superior to cyclophosphamideate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with nodepositive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16 (8): 2651-8 methotrexate-fluorouracil combinations.[2,3] In earli3. Misset JL, di Palma M, Delgado M. Adjuvant treatment of nodeer decades, to improve on the anthracycline-containpositive breast cancer with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, ing combinations, sequential administration of modfluorouracil, and vincristine versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: final report after a 16-year median estly active agents like methotrexate and vinblastine follow-up duration. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14 (4): 1136-45 was evaluated,[4] but with limited success in the 4. Hortobagyi GN, Yap HY, Blumenschein GR. Phase II evaluaadjuvant and neoadjuvant setting.[5,6] tion of vinblastine, methotrexate and calcium leucovorin rescue in patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer. Cancer The availability of taxanes provided new hope as 1983; 51 (5): 769-72
Salinity tolerance and osmoregulation in the salamanderBatrachoseps

Measurements of survival in various dilutions of sea water indicate that some populations of the small (<1.5 g), terrestrial, plethodontid salamanderBatrachoseps may be among the most euryhaline of amphibians. Both intra- and inter-specific variations are evident in salinity tolerance: populations living close to sea water are more resistant than inland populations; and allB. relictus studied are more resistant thanB. attenuatus, independent of habitat. Salinity tolerance also varies directly with size, and prior acclimation to intermediate salinities improves tolerance to high salinities.
Palliative treatment of rectal cancer: is radiotherapy alone a good option?

A majority of patients who develop local or regional recurrence after curative resection of primary rectal or colon cancers are treated with palliative intent in most institutions in the United States and worldwide. 1 Exceptions include patients with a true anastomotic recurrence or female patients with a limited vaginal recurrence. In either instance, complete resection with negative margins may be feasible and postoperative external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) plus chemotherapy can be given as indicated. Patients with prior resection of rectal or sigmoid cancers often present with pelvic pain, which is a manifestation of local recurrence involving nerve in the presacrum or pelvic sidewalls. Presentation with pain usually indicates that a surgical approach will be unlikely to yield negative resection margins. Distal sacrectomy with negative resection margins can occasionally be performed in patients with a central distal pelvic relapse. If relapse develops after abdominoperineal resection, male patients may also require a pelvic exenteration in view of bladder or prostate involvement. Most patients, however, either have no surgical resection or a subtotal resection with gross or microscopic residual in view of tumor fixation to presacrum, pelvic sidewalls, or both. In a Mayo Clinic analysis of 106 patients with subtotal resection of a localized pelvic recurrence from rectal cancer, 12 patients were treated with surgery alone and the remainder had some type of irradiation. 2 Of the 12 with no irradiation, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 8% and 0%, respectively. If 8 patients who received EBRT with no planned spatial relationship to surgery are included, 3-year survival increases to 15%, but 5-year survival was still 0%. External irradiation with or without chemotherapy has definite palliative symptomatic benefit for locally recurrent lesions, but long-term survival is infrequent. 3–11 Relief of pain and/or bleeding is achieved
Design and characterization of metamaterial-based dual band absorber for infrared applications

Metamaterials are compounds of periodic sub-wavelength elements, whose properties are strongly influenced by the applied external electromagnetic (EM) waves within a typically narrow frequency band. Metamaterial structures could be designed to produce very thin films with high losses manifested by perfect absorption. This work discusses a metamaterial (MTM) based dual band absorber operating at mid infrared (IR) regime. The idea of this absorber originates from combining the absorption responses of the cross shaped and cut wire (CW) resonators. The strong coupling between the two resonators is enhanced by introducing a U-shaped resonator interdigitated between the CW and the cross-shaped resonators. This setup would improve the coupling between the neighboring cells and hence, reduce the overall dimensions. The simulated results are obtained using the full electromagnetic wave simulation package CST MWS. The absorber is designed to possess two distinct absorption bands centered at 9.57μm and 4 μm. The two bands are well separated with a first to second band ratio of ∼ 2.39. The sub-wavelength period size is found to be 0.19X and 0A5X with respect to the first and second bands respectively. High absorption is also observed for wide range of incident angles. Moreover, circuit elements based on circuit approximation are calculated by analyzing the electric and magnetic fields to provide a physical meaningful circuit representation of the electromagnetic response, which can be very helpful in the design and optimization process. The extracted circuit model fully describes and simplifies the behavior of the periodically distributed physical structure and translates it into equivalent discrete entities. Therefore, it offers an approximate prediction for the resonance frequencies. Given that the size of the sub-wavelength elements are much smaller than the incident EM wave operating wavelength, the MTM compound behaves as a homogeneous medium, whose properties can be expressed by effective constitutive parameters. Effective constitutive parameters are fitted using Drude-Lorentz oscillators. This provides insight into the nature of the microscopic behavior of the absorber elements when they are excited by external fields. Finally, samples of this design were fabricated and tested. The measured response shows two absorption peaks with better than 85% absorption for both peaks. This design shows significant improvement over the existing designs, which makes it appealing for various planar applications in the mid-IR frequencies.
Mode I analysis of a face cracked plate subjected to rotationally constrained end displacements

Mode I stress intensity coefficients and crack mouth displacement coefficients were obtained by planar boundary collocation analysis of face cracked plates subjected to rotationally constrained end displacements. Results are presented for plates with height-to-width ratio(H/W) varying from 1.0 to 5.0 and crack depth-to-plate width ratios (a/W) in the range 0.1 to 0.8.
Experimental methods of large strain analysis

Abstract It is claimed in this paper that strain distributions in many two-dimensional large deformation problems can be obtained in a relatively easy manner using either grids, moire, photoelasticity, thickness measurements, or combinations of these methods. Considerations on the advantages and limitations of each of these methods are made. As an illustration, grids, moire and photoelasticity are applied to the solution of certain phases of the problem of the determination of strains in a ring subjected to large diametral compression.
Constant‐sum sampling: an apology for statistics' “original sin”

Purpose – The purpose of this editorial is to consider the importance of random samples subject to a constant‐sum constraint (that is, a succession of identically distributed random variables that add up to some predetermined constant) in human experience and intuition.Design/methodology/approach – The importance of constant‐sum random samples is motivated by considering the intuition that successive random variables must be negatively correlated to provide the “balance” required by convergence results such as the law of large numbers. Given that the intuition of negatively correlated trials is valid in the context of constant‐sum sampling, we explore the roles of this model in both evolutionary and modern‐day contexts.Findings – The connection between constant‐sum sampling and the intuition that convergence results require negatively correlated random variables suggests that the constant‐sum model played a significant role in the lives of our primitive human ancestors. Because of the continued prevalence...
Straight leg raising. Anatomical effects on the spinal nerve root without and with fusion.

Straight leg raising (SLR) is a useful clinical test to demonstrate an inflammatory compressive process across a spinal nerve root. Several previous studies have attempted to evaluate the effect of SLR on nerve root motion, but the exact direction and amount of this motion is still unclear. Components of the SLR test that have not been adequately addressed include the effect of SLR on the intact dural-nerve root system, motion of the nerve tissues as distinct from the dura, and nerve root strain. Separately, spinal fusion is occasionally used as an adjunct to discectomy to decrease instability and subsequent "nerve root irritation." The effect of a one-level fusion on in situ nerve root biomechanics, however, has not been evaluated. Ten fresh human cadavers underwent posterior lumbar laminectomies. Spinal nerve root motion was studied while a SLR maneuver was performed. Data was recorded photographically and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows: 1) SLR induced both linear motion (0.5-5 mm) and strain (2-4%) in spinal nerves L4, L5, and S1; 2) The dura moved less than the intrathecal nerve root at the pedicle and experienced more strain (P < .05). 3) The nerve roots moved laterally toward the pedicle and thus would move into a posterolaterally herniated disc. 4) Rigid anterior stabilization did not decrease nerve root motion or strain.
The dental student as technician: to what degree?

A much-discussed topic among dental educators teaching removable prosthodontics involves the necessary degree of student participation in tile performance of laboratory procedures related to tile treatment of completely and partially edentulous patients. Should the student perform all technical procedures? 'iShould the student be able to evaiuate rather than' perform a given procedure? Is the cognitive skill of evaluation dependent upon or independent of the learning of psychomotor skills? Should we as eduizators select specific laboratoryrelated procedures to be performed by students because of the inherent teaching value of the exercise even t hough it is recognized that the exercise will be delegated to the dental laboratory technician when the students are engaged in private practice? Are we forced to eliminate valuable exercises because of curriculum time restrictions? Do we include certain laboratory procedures solely to prepare our students for licensing examinations? These are the types of questions that arise when discussing the role of laboratory technique in the removable prosthodontics curriculum. The following statements exemplify the divergence of philosophies that has evolved: "The technique-oriented phase of dental education requires ~'evision, for much time is wasted in an area. that has little o r no relevance to pat ient care. ''~ " I f the nced were to bccome great enough, it might be advisable to have some of the basic science givcn in the prcprofessi0nal course rather than to sacrifice thc balance of tcchnical education that is necessary to develop a goo d practicing dentist. '''~
Adenosinergic modulation of caffeine-induced c-fos mRNA expression in mouse brain.

The adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, transiently induced proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in mouse brain in a dose-dependent fashion. In situ hybridization revealed that caffeine-induced c-fos expression was high in caudate-putamen and olfactory tubercle at both subconvulsive and convulsive doses. The pattern of c-fos mRNA distribution following caffeine administration differs from that reported after seizures induced by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or other chemical convulsants, and closely parallels the distribution of adenosine A2 receptors. Furthermore, the potent adenosine A2 receptor agonist,5′-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) blocked caffeine-induced c-fos expression whereas the adenosine A1 receptor ligand, N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), had no effect. This study suggests that the caffeine-induced expression of c-fos mRNA may be mediated by the adenosine A2 receptor in mouse brain.
Evaluation on a water-based binder for the graphite anode of Li-ion batteries

Abstract We evaluate poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (AMAC) as a water-based binder for the graphite anode of Li-ion batteries. It is shown that AMAC has a similar bonding ability as the conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder, and that the graphite electrodes bonded by AMAC and PVDF have nearly the same cyclability. Advantages of AMAC binder include: (1) it assists in forming a more conductive solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of graphite and (2) organic liquid electrolyte exhibits better penetration on the AMAC-bonded electrode. Impedance analysis shows that formation of the SEI on the surface of graphite includes two stages. The first stage takes place above 0.15 V and the second stage between 0.15 and 0.04 V. The SEI formed in the first stage is relatively resistive, while that formed in the second stage is highly conductive. For the first stage, the presence of AMAC may enhance the conductivity of the SEI. We performed a storage test on the AMAC-bonded graphite by monitoring the change of open-circuit voltage (OCV) of fully lithiated Li/graphite cells and by comparing their capacity change before and after storage. We observed that OCV of the cell increased gradually, and that capacity loss during the storage recovered in the subsequent lithiation process. Therefore, the OCV increase could be considered a self-delithiation process, which does not consume permanently Li+ ions.
Anticipatory grief and psychological adjustment to grieving in middle-aged children

This study examines the effect of anticipatory grief on personal adjustment in middle-aged adult children following the death of their last surviving elderly parent. Data were analyzed from a study of adult children's perspectives of an elderly parent's death conducted by the Philadelphia Geriatric Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The results of this study indicate that adult children who experienced anticipatory grief were likely to report feeling better adjusted to the death of their elderly parent, yet the composite measure used to assess degree of personal adjustment indicates a negative relationship between the anticipation of death and personal adjustment following the actual loss. This finding was consistent across gender and racial and ethnic distinctions among adult children who participated in this study. The significance of this finding for grief work and its implications for future research are discussed.
A survey of sexual attitude reassessment and restructuring seminars

Abstract The results of a survey of 11 directors of sexual attitude reassessment and sexual attitude restructuring seminars, both referred to as SARs, are summarized and reviewed. SARs were found to be similar with respect to their program titles, sponsoring agencies, client populations, and goals. Differences between SARs were found concerning the degree of control exercised by leaders, emphasis on attitude change, and participation pressure. It was concluded that these differences make it likely that different styles of interaction characterize different SARs. Although SAR directors uniformly rated their programs as definitely effective and considered the negative psychological effects of SARs to be minimal, their reports appeared to be primarily based on clinical impressions. The necessity of rigorously controlled research studies was stressed for adequate assessment of the impact of SARs. Other important issues which remain to be explored include the type of client who benefits most fully from SARs, t...
Breast cancers with compromised DNA repair exhibit selective sensitivity to elesclomol

Abstract The basal-like subtype of breast cancers, including those that contain germline mutations in BRCA1 , tend to be triple-negative (i.e. lack expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and lack overexpression/amplification of the HER2/neu oncogene), which renders them relatively insensitive to existing “targeted” therapy. BRCA1 -mutated and basal-like breast cancers harbor compromised ability for repairing oxidative DNA damage by the DNA base-excision repair pathway. We found that this defective repair mechanism predicts sensitivity to elesclomol, an experimental therapeutic that produces elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage. In conclusion, BRCA1 -mutated and/or basal-like breast cancers may benefit from treatment regimens that include elesclomol.
Response: young adults with sickle cell disease have more transplant options

We appreciate the comments by Kuentz et al and are encouraged by their experience using myeloablative HSCT in young adults with SCD.[1][1] Although 8 of their 15 patients were 16 or 17 years old and another 5 patients were 20 and 22 years old, 2 were 26 and 27 years old extending this approach well
Communist Custodial Contests: Adoption Rulings in the USSR after the Second World War

This article examines how higher courts in the Soviet Union adjudicated adoption contests after the Second World War. It argues that in the higher organs of the Soviet civil judiciary, justices acted in both the spirit and letter of the law, issuing rulings that were strikingly free of communist imperatives and that sincerely attempted to address the best interests of children. During the period from the end of the war until the fall of Khrushchev, these interests were defined as honoring biological connections whenever feasible, upholding adoptions when biological connections had been legally and justifiably severed, and keeping children in loving families. Not only does this suggest that we can speak of a genuine legal culture in some sectors of the Soviet judiciary, it also evinces the rejection of a revolutionary-era commitment to collectivized child raising.
The vulnerability of battered women to HIV infections

This research provides considerable circumstantial evidence that battered women are exposed to a large number of risk factors that may render them more vulnerable to contracting HIV. The article begins by contextualizing our research vista against the literature on the relationship between women and HIV and the emerging literature on the public health significance of domestic violence. Empirical data on battered women's exposure to the risk factors associated with HIV is gleaned from 510 interviews with battered women residents in spouse abuse shelters across Kentucky. These interviews were conducted by trained female interviewers who worked in the shelter in which the women were residing. Our data reveal the presence of injuries and multiple risk factors among batterers (increased likelihood of jail/prison time; greater likelihood of drug use; greater refusal to use condoms) that are known to lead to HIV infections. Given the alarming increase in heterosexual infections and the disproportionate increase ...
Adsorption of oxygen on W(100): Adsorption kinetics and structure

The adsorption of oxygen on W(100) single-crystal surfaces is studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), flash desorption, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and retarding-field work-function measurements. The AES results reveal stepwise changes in the sticking coefficients in the coverage range 0 to 1 and activated adsorption at higher coverages. Upon room-temperature adsorption, a series of complex LEED patterns is observed. In layers adsorbed at 1050 K and cooled to room temperature, the p(2 x 1) structure is the first ordered structure observed. This structure shows a reversible order-disorder transition between 700 and 1000 K and is characterized by a work function which is lower than that of the clean surface. Heating room-temperature adsorbates changes their structure irreversibly. At temperatures below 750 K, some new structures are observed.
The Meaning and Meaningfulness of Corporate Social Initiatives

In response to pressures to be more “socially responsible,” corporations are becoming more active in global communities through direct involvement in social initiatives. Critics, however, question the sincerity of these activities and argue that firms are simply attempting to stave off stakeholder pressures without providing a corresponding benefit to society. By drawing on institutional theory and resource dependence theory, we consider what factors influence the adoption of a “meaningful” social initiative—an initiative that is sustainable and has the potential for a significant positive impact on society—as opposed to a symbolic initiative. In addition, we raise the question of how social initiatives—both meaningful and symbolic—participate in the “institutional war” over the meaning of corporate social responsibility.
The tubulin and histone genes of Physarum polycephalum: models for cell cycle-regulated gene expression.

Although the great majority of genes are not subject to cell-cycle controls, those that are could play a very important role in regulation of the cell cycle itself. The tubulin and histone genes of the naturally synchronous myxomycete, Physarum polycephalum, provide an excellent paradigm for such regulation. The transcription of both is highly periodic within the Physarum cycle, and curiously, both sets of genes appear to be activated at the same time. This activation appears to function as part of a developmental program, since it serves to meet future needs for each gene's product. The significance of this activation event for cell-cycle regulation is discussed with particular regard to the nature of the mitotic oscillator.
On the interpretation of the pH variation of the maximum initial velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Abstract 1. 1. The variation of the maximum initial velocity for an enzymic reaction with pH is discussed in terms of the dissociation of two acid groups which affect the enzymic activity. 2. 2. The effect of ionic substrates upon the pK's of these groups is discussed. 3. 3. A method for calculating the pK's of the ionizable groups from plots of maximum initial velocity versus pH is developed. 4. 4. The effect of interaction between components of the buffer and the enzyme upon the values of the pK's is discussed. 5. 5. A method is suggested for the determination of the pK's of the ionizing groups in the free enzyme, in contrast to those in the enzyme-substrate complex.