cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discovery of the 'porosome'; the universal secretory machinery in cells.

The release of neurotransmitters at the nerve terminal for neurotransmission, release of insulin from β-cells of the endocrine pancreas for regulating blood glucose levels, the release of growth hormone from GH cells of the pituitary gland to regulate body growth, or the expulsion of zymogen from exocrine pancreas to digest food, are only a few examples of key physiological processes made possible by cell secretion. It comes as no surprise that defects in cell secretion are the cause for numerous diseases, and have been under intense investigation for over half century. Only in the last decade, the molecular machinery and mechanism of cell secretion has become clear. Cell secretion involves the docking and transient fusion of membrane-bound secretory vesicles at the base of plasma membrane structures called porosomes, and the regulated expulsion of intravesicular contents to the outside, by vesicle swelling. The discovery of the porosome in live cells, its morphology and dynamics at nanometer resolution and in real time, its isolation, its composition, and its structural and functional reconstitution in lipid membrane, are complete. The molecular mechanism of secretory vesicle fusion at the base of porosomes, and the regulated expulsion of intravesicular contents during cell secretion, are also resolved. In this minireview, the monumental discovery of the porosome, a new cellular structure at the cell plasma membrane, is briefly discussed.
Vapor-phase methanol and ethanol coupling reactions on CuMgAl mixed metal oxides

Abstract The effects of catalyst composition on methanol and ethanol coupling reactions were studied on CuMgAlOx mixed metal oxides (MMOs). CuMgAlOx samples with Cu contents between 4 and 38 at.% were prepared by thermal decomposition of layered double hydroxides. These MMOs contained highly dispersed CuO consisting of isolated and oligomeric CuO (number of CuO nearest neighbors between 2 and 4.5) species as determined by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and temperature programmed reduction techniques. The catalysts were tested at 448–523 K, 0.1 MPa, alcohols gas-hourly space velocities (GHSVs) of 1000–3000 std cm3 gcat−1 h−1, and a feed MeOH/EtOH molar ratio of 4. Incorporation of Cu in MgAlOx solid solutions drastically changed product selectivity, formation rates, and catalyst stability. The main products on CuMgAlOx included C C coupling (e.g., C3+ alcohols, aldehydes, and esters), non-C C coupling (e.g., acetaldehyde, methyl formate, methyl acetate), and methanol decomposition (i.e., COx) products as a result of C C coupling reactions on M Al (M = Mg, Cu) and dehydrogenation, esterification, reverse methanol synthesis, and the water–gas shift reactions on Cu, respectively. The highest space-time yield of C C coupling products was 300 g kgcat−1 h−1, obtained with CuMgAlOx containing 21 at.% Cu at 523 K and an alcohols GHSV of 3000 std cm3 gcat−1 h−1. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during MeOH + EtOH, EtOH, and MeOH reactions on CuMgAlOx and MgAlOx suggested that surface carboxylates (formate and acetate) are spectator species whereas oligomeric forms of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde may be responsible for the deactivation of MgAlOx.
Modular broadband planar arrays based on generalized Peano-Gosper curves

Antenna arrays based on the space-filling Peano-Gosper (PG) curve possess several beneficial properties, including low sidelobes, a 2:1 bandwidth with suppressed grating lobes, and a convenient modular architecture. Due to their triangular lattice element distribution, these arrays are limited in bandwidth up to a minimum element spacing of approximately one-wavelength. One way to extend the bandwidth of these arrays is by introducing perturbations into the basic array geometry to break up the regular triangular distribution of elements. With the proper perturbation scheme, the overall geometry of the arrays can be greatly varied using a relatively small number of design parameters while retaining the modularity of the initial array. Recently, generalized forms of the Peano-Gosper curve have been discovered. These curves possess varying degrees of modularity that are not inherent to the conventional PG curve. Similar to conventional PG arrays, arrays based on generalized PG curves have a limited bandwidth due to their triangular lattice element distribution. In this paper, we will extend the application of the basic perturbation technique to generalized PG arrays with the goal of appreciably extending their bandwidth. The maximum bandwidth enhancement that is obtained via the perturbed generalized PG curves is significantly greater than that of the perturbed conventional PG curves. The design of these arrays will be carried out by a hybrid GA/Nelder-Mead optimizer. A design example with a 6.9:1 bandwidth will be shown to demonstrate the efficacy of this technique.
127 The Importance of Arm Dominance in Acute Wound Healing

Background: Physiological differences between dominant and non-dominant arms may play an important role in wound healing of the upper extremities. The Wound Healing Cooperative Group (WHCG) studied this phenomenon in a human forearm model of acute wound healing. Methods: With informed consent, sixteen normal healthy volunteers underwent four 6 mm biopsies on the flexor surface of both forearms: 2 biopsies on the dominant arm, and 2 on the non-dominant arm. The acute wound sites were then treated with i) rhPDGF-BB 0.01% gel topically at various dosing intervals (Q.D. versus Q.O.D.), ii) rhPDGF-BB alone Q.D. × 7 days followed by bacitracin alone, or iii) bacitracin alone. Time-to-complete healing was measured as the primary endpoint. Results: The average time-to-complete healing for the dominant arm was shorter than the time required to heal the biopsies on the non-dominant arm, irregardless of the treatment applied. Conclusion: In the forearm biopsy model of acute wound healing, arm dominance is an independent variable and must considered in study designs. We postulate that this effect may be due to variation in microvascular perfusion. These results provoke further investigation into the physiological mechanisms underlying increased rate of healing in the dominant extremity. Acknowledgements: Funding from The Angiogenesis Foundation.
Consumer Evaluation Research: Implications for Methodology, Social Policy, and the Role of the Sociologist*

Consumer evaluation research is defined and analyzed as an experimental model for establishing a link between social science research and public policy. The paper reports the results of an 18-month longitudinal study of an experimental citizen evaluation group. Participant observation was the method used to organize the data. The impact of the model on methodological issues, such as objectivity, researcher autonomy, and control over research decision-making, is discussed. Implications of the CER model for integrating social research and public policy formulation are analyzed.
Blood Pressure Elevation in a Patient Treated with Salsalate

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of increased blood pressure associated with the use of salsalate in an elderly patient with no prior history of hypertension.CASE SUMMARY:A 78-year-old white man with no prior history of hypertension initiated salsalate therapy for low-back pain. Over the 15 months prior to the initiation of salsalate, his blood pressure averaged 127 ± 7 mm Hg systolic and 84 ± 6 mm Hg diastolic (mean ± SD). After initiation of salsalate, he experienced significant elevations in blood pressure, which led to a preliminary diagnosis of hypertension. Blood pressure after initiation of salsalate averaged 150 ± 13 mm Hg systolic and 95 ± 5 mm Hg diastolic. No changes in medications or medication doses (with the exception of warfarin) occurred in the 18 months prior to or during salsalate therapy. His weight remained stable. A detailed review of his medical records and history revealed no other causes for these elevations in blood pressure. Salsalate therapy was discontinued and his blood pressure ret...
Schema Theory: An Information Processing Model of Perception and Cognition

The world is complex, and yet people are able to make some sense out of it. This paper offers an information-processing model to describe this aspect of perception and cognition. The model assumes that a person receives information which is less than perfect in terms of its completeness, its accuracy, and its reliability. The model provides a dynamic description of how a person evaluates this kind of information about a case, how he selects one of his pre-existing patterns (called schemata) with which to interpret the case, and how he uses the interpretation to modify and extend his beliefs about the case. It also describes how this process allows the person to make the internal adjustments which will serve as feedback for the interpretation of future information. A wide variety of evidence from experimental and social psychology is cited to support the decisions which went into constructing the separate parts of the schema theory, and further evidence is cited supporting the theory's system-level predictions. Since the schema theory allows for (but does not assume) the optimization of its parameters, it is also used as a framework for a normative analysis of the selection of schemata. Finally, a few illustrations from international relations and especially foreign-policy formation show that this model of how people make sense out of a complex world can be directly relevant to the study of important political processes.
Detection, frequency and prediction of problems in the use of the proseal laryngeal mask airway in children.

Summary Objectives: Our objective was to assess the use of several tests of ProSeal LMA (PLMA) position and function that had been previously published but not studied in the pediatric population in a wide variety of clinical cases. Background: The PLMA is widely used in pediatric anesthesia practice but complication rates have only been studied in small series while tests of function suggested for adults have not been studied at all. Methods: We prospectively collected data, after placement of the PLMA by the digital method, on depth of insertion (DOI), ‘suprasternal notch’ test, ‘chest pressure test’, leak pressure, maximum minute ventilation (MMV), resting minute ventilation (RMV), success rate of insertion and success rate of passage of a gastric tube. Perioperative complication rates were recorded. Results: A total of 222 cases were analyzed, 47 were laparoscopic or open abdomen, 15 nonsupine. Ages were 2 months to 20 years and weight 5.4–116 kg. Two hundred seven (91%) were placed successfully at first attempt and 100% at third attempt. One hundred fifty-four of 156 (99%) gastric tubes were placed successfully. Four patients had signs of inadequate ventilation. All of these had MMV/RMV ratios <2. A total of nine had MMV/RMV ratio <2. Eight had DOI score ≤2. Conclusions: The PLMA can be used in a large variety of cases with a high degree of success. Clinical tests described for adults, such as MMV/RMV ratio and DOI are also associated with complications in the pediatric population.
The redevelopment of distressed public housing: Early results from HOPE VI projects in Atlanta, Chicago, and San Antonio

Abstract The redevelopment of distressed public housing under the Urban Revitalization Demonstration Program, or HOPE VI, has laudable social, physical, community, and economic goals. Three public housing projects in Atlanta, Chicago, and San Antonio demonstrate the complexity and trade‐offs of trying to lessen the concentration of low‐income households, leverage private resources, limit project costs, help residents achieve economic self‐sufficiency, design projects that blend into the community, and ensure meaningful resident participation in project planning. Although worthwhile and ambitious, HOPE VI cannot achieve all these goals. More of them can be achieved by developing strategies related to the strength of the local real estate market. To that end, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and public housing authorities must use the market‐based tools in the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998. Standards for improved physical design and resident participation and furthe...
Learning about the Letter Name Subset of the Vocabulary: Evidence from US and Brazilian Preschoolers.

To examine the factors that affect the learning of letter names, an important foundation for literacy, we asked 318 US and 369 Brazilian preschoolers to identify each uppercase letter. Similarity of letter shape was the major determinant of confusion errors in both countries, and children were especially likely to interchange letters that were similar in shape as well as name. Errors were also affected by letter frequency, both general frequency and occurrence of letters in children’s own names. Differences in letter names and letter frequencies between English and Portuguese led to certain differences in the patterns of performance for children in the two countries. Other differences appeared to reflect US children’s greater familiarity with the conventional order of the alphabet. Boys were overrepresented at the low end of the continuum of letter name knowledge, suggesting that some boys begin formal reading instruction lacking important foundational skills. A child’s ability to identify the letters of the alphabet by name is one of the best predictors of how readily he or she will learn to read. Kindergarten letter identification accounts for nearly one-third of the variance in reading ability in Grades 1 to 3, and it is almost as successful at predicting later reading skill as an entire reading readiness test (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998). Knowledge of letter names aids would-be readers and spellers in several ways (see Foulin, 2005). It helps them make some sense of printed words such as jail, where the entire name of one or more of the letters is heard in the spoken word. In addition, letter name knowledge helps children learn about the sound-symbolizing function of letters, because the phoneme that a letter represents is usually heard in the letter’s name. Effects of letter name knowledge on reading, spelling, and letter sound knowledge have been documented in languages as diverse as English (McBride-Chang, 1999; Treiman, Tincoff, Rodriguez, Mouzaki, & Francis, 1998), Portuguese (Abreu & Cardoso-Martins, 1998), and Hebrew (Levin, Patel, Margalit, & Barad, 2002). Given the foundational role of alphabet knowledge in literacy development, it is important to understand the processes involved in letter name learning. In the present study, we explore the hypothesis that these are the same processes
Psychotherapeutic Considerations in Pharmacological Trials

Recent studies have demonstrated the favorable influence of psychotherapy on trials of pharmacological agents for the treatment of patients with alcohol abuse or dependence. When appropriate psychosocial therapies are used, the effects of pharmacotherapy can be more thoroughly evaluated because the use of psychosocial therapy can increase patient retention, enhance medication compliance, and foster the acquisition of new skills that reinforce the effects of the medication. Therefore, psychosocial therapy should be included in studies designed to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological agents for the treatment of alcohol abuse or dependence.
Expression of human cathepsin D in Xenopus oocytes: phosphorylation and intracellular targeting

We have obtained expression of a cDNA clone for human cathepsin D in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biosynthetic studies with [35S]methionine labeling demonstrated that most of the cathepsin D remained intracellular and underwent proteolytic cleavage, converting a precursor of Mr 47,000 D to a mature form of Mr 39,000 D with processing intermediates of Mr 43,000-41,000 D. greater than 90% of the cathepsin D synthesized by oocytes bound to a mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptor affinity column, indicating the presence of phosphomannosyl residues. An analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled oligosaccharides directly demonstrated phosphomannosyl residues on cathepsin D. Sucrose-gradient fractionation, performed to define the membranous compartments that cathepsin D traversed during its biosynthesis, demonstrated that cathepsin D is targeted to a subpopulation of yolk platelets, the oocyte equivalent of a lysosome. Xenopus oocytes were able to endocytose lysosomal enzymes from the medium and this uptake was inhibited by Man-6-P, thus demonstrating the presence of Man-6-P receptors in these cells. Therefore, the entire Man-6-P dependent pathway for targeting of lysosomal enzymes is present in the oocytes. Xenopus oocytes should be a useful system for examining signals responsible for the specific targeting of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes.
An Aging Workforce and Injury in the Construction Industry

The relatively large birth cohort between 1946 and 1964, combined with the economic recession in the first decade of the 21st century, have led to an increase in the proportion of older workers in the US workplace. Understanding the health and safety needs of an aging workforce will be critical, especially in the construction industry, where physical job demands are high. This paper reviews the epidemiologic literature on the impact of age on injury among workers in the construction industry in terms of cause, type, and cost. PubMed was searched by using the following terms: older workers, construction, construction industry, injury, and age. The available studies reported that, among the construction industry workforce, older age at injury was related to higher injury costs but not to number of injuries. The higher injury costs associated with worker age are likely due in part to the severity of the injuries sustained by older workers. Identification of injury trends and subsequent analytical research efforts designed to ascertain factors associated with injury among older construction workers are needed for employers to effectively manage a health and safety program that addresses the needs of the aging worker. Language: en
Simulation Bounds for Equivalence Verification of Arithmetic Datapaths with Finite Word-Length Operands

This paper addresses simulation-based verification of high-level descriptions of arithmetic datapaths. Instances of such designs are commonly found in DSP for audio, video and multimedia applications, where the word-lengths of input/output bit-vectors are fixed according to the desired precision. Initial descriptions of such systems are usually specified as Matlab/C code. These are then automatically translated into behavioural/RTL descriptions (HDL) for subsequent hardware synthesis. In order to verify that the initial Matlab/C model is bit-true equivalent to the translated RTL, how many simulation vectors need to be applied? This paper explores results from number theory and commutative algebra to show that exhaustive simulation is not necessary for testing their equivalence. In particular, we derive an upper bound on the number of simulation vectors required to prove equivalence or identify bugs. These vectors cannot be arbitrarily generated; we determine exactly those vectors that need to be simulated. Extensive experiments are performed within practical CAD settings to demonstrate the validity and applicability of these results
Potential Impacts of Stream Crossing Traffic On Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Missouri Ozark River

Depending on intensity, physical disturbance can either decrease or increase diversity of stream macroinvertebrate communities. Recreational activities in parks are one component of physical disturbance. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of stream crossings and recreational traffic on macroinvertebrate assemblages. Five stream-crossing sites were sampled during winter and summer in the Current River, Ozarks National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, USA. Stream-crossing traffic was assessed using trail cameras. At each site, macroinvertebrates were collected from four locations: riffle upstream of crossing, riffle immediately downstream of crossing and second and third riffles downstream of crossing. We compared sites and locations within sites using standard metrics (taxa richness, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera richness, biotic index and diversity) and their composite stream condition index (SCI) plus multivariate analyses (Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and correlations). Stream crossings had no detectable impacts on macroinvertebrate communities in winter, but in summer location, effects were present. Patterns in SCI scores across locations varied among sites, with no consistent declines in macroinvertebrate diversity downstream of crossings. Longitudinal stream effects dominated over potential stream-crossing effects on macroinvertebrate communities. Overall, high SCI scores indicated that current levels of stream crossings and traffic in this scenic riverway do not pose a threat to macroinvertebrate communities at the spatial and temporal scale of this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic Factors Affecting Enhanced Phosphorus Uptake by Activated Sludge

Activated sludges obtained from the Rilling Road plant located at San Antonio, Tex., and from the Hyperion treatment plant located at Los Angeles, Calif., have the ability to remove all of the orthophosphate normally present in Tucson sewage within 3 hr after being added to the waste water. Phosphorus removal was independent of externally supplied sources of energy and ions, since orthophosphate and 32P radioactivity were readily removed from tap water, glass-distilled water, and deionized water. Phosphorus uptake by Rilling sludge in the laboratory appears to be wholly biological, as it has an optimum pH range (7.7 to 9.7) and an optimum temperature range (24 to 37 C). It was inhibited by HgCl2, iodoacetic acid, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, NaN3, and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (compounds that affect bacterial membrane permeability, sulfhydryl enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate synthesis). Uptake was inhibited by 1% NaCl but was not affected by 10−3m ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (a chelating agent for many metallic ions).
National and State Treatment Need and Capacity for Opioid Agonist Medication-Assisted Treatment

Objectives. We estimated national and state trends in opioid agonist medication-assisted treatment (OA-MAT) need and capacity to identify gaps and inform policy decisions.Methods. We generated national and state rates of past-year opioid abuse or dependence, maximum potential buprenorphine treatment capacity, number of patients receiving methadone from opioid treatment programs (OTPs), and the percentage of OTPs operating at 80% capacity or more using Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration data.Results. Nationally, in 2012, the rate of opioid abuse or dependence was 891.8 per 100 000 people aged 12 years or older compared with national rates of maximum potential buprenorphine treatment capacity and patients receiving methadone in OTPs of, respectively, 420.3 and 119.9. Among states and the District of Columbia, 96% had opioid abuse or dependence rates higher than their buprenorphine treatment capacity rates; 37% had a gap of at least 5 per 1000 people. Thirty-eight states (77.6%) report...
Industrial Location and Voter Participation in Europe

Does the geographic concentration of industry ‘matter’ outside the United States? Observers have long speculated that while geographically concentrated industries may be influential in American politics, this is probably not the case in countries where the electorate votes more as a national constituency. Others disagree, urging that clustered industries have an advantage regardless of how the political map is drawn. We sharpen the terms of debate and weigh in with empirical evidence from a cross-sectional analysis of intended voter turnout in eight member-states of the European Union and a multi-year study of voter turnout in the Netherlands. These tests uniformly show that, across different types of electoral systems, including those in which voters vote as a national constituency, thereby removing any effects of electoral geography per se, workers in traded industries that are physically concentrated are, in fact, substantially more likely to vote than employees in traded but geographically dispersed sectors.
Grownups Are Not Afraid of Scary Stuff, but Kids Are: Young Children’s and Adults’ Reasoning About Children’s, Infants’, and Adults’ Fears

Three-, 5-, and 7-year-olds and adults (N= 64) listened to stories depicting 2 protagonists of different ages (infant and child or child and grownup) that encounter an entity that looks like a real (e.g., a snake) or an imaginary (e.g., a ghost) fear-inducing creature. Participants predicted and explained each protagonist’s intensity of fear. Results showed significant age-related increases in knowledge that infants and adults would experience less intense fears than young children and that people’s fears are causally linked to their cognitive mental states. Across age, stories involving imaginary beings elicited more frequent mental explanations for fear than stories about real creatures. Results are discussed in relation to children’s developing awareness of the mind as mediating between situations and emotions.
Sexual Dimorphism and Reproductive Characteristics in Five Species of Leiocephalus Lizards from the Dominican Republic

Abstract Although a highly visible component of the West Indian herpetofauna, few data address the biology of Curly-Tailed Lizards (Leiocephalus). We examined sexual dimorphism in size and head shape and reproductive life-history characteristics for five species of Leiocephalus from the Dominican Republic. Many hypotheses have been posited to explain head shape dimorphism in lizards. Previous studies on Leiocephalus lizards failed to support the niche divergence hypothesis. Consequently, we examined patterns of head shape dimorphism by measuring the scaling relationships of head dimensions of males and females for each species. Head dimensions of the sexes mostly scaled isometrically or with negative allometry, which may support the differential growth hypothesis, although patterns in one species (Leiocephalus semilineatus) suggest that sexual selection may be operative. Clutch sizes varied from 1–4 eggs across species, but mean clutch size generally does not differ significantly among species. Similarly,...
Timing Trades And Mutual Fund Investors

Recently, a number of well known mutual funds advisors, including Strong, Putnam, and Bank of America, have been accused of or admitted to allowing selected institutional investors to engage in timing trades with the shares of some of the mutual funds they manage. The news media has generally taken the position that timing trades reduce the wealth of other fund investors. In this study, I show that timing trades can either increase, decrease, or leave unchanged fund shareholder wealth. Which outcome results will depend on specific timing trader and fund characteristics such as the frequency and accuracy of timing trader speculation, the trading of other fund shareholders, the return on the fund's security portfolio, and how much a mutual fund must increase its cash holdings to cover the transactions of timing traders. Consequently, whether timing traders harm other fund shareholders is an empirical question.
Near Zero Taxable Income Reporting by Nonprofit Organizations

In this paper, we provide evidence consistent with nonprofit organizations managing their taxable income to near zero by examining the cross‐sectional distribution of taxable income as reported on IRS form 990‐T. We find an unusually large number of nonprofits that report taxable income profitability in the range of [–0.01, 0.01). Further analysis finds that various frictions and restrictions impede nonprofits from reporting near zero taxable income. We find that the likelihood that a nonprofit reports near zero taxable income is decreasing in size and when the taxable activity has a tax‐exempt counterpart. We also find that charitable nonprofits are less likely to report near zero taxable income than are hospitals. Finally, we find that the use of a paid CPA preparer is associated with a higher probability of reporting near zero taxable income.
Trilobites at the base of the Middle Ordovician, western United States

Sections in the Basin Ranges provide stratigraphic standards for the Ordovician of the U.S., from which zones based on trilobites have been widely employed in regional correlation. This paper describes new trilobite faunas from a poorly known part of the succession, at the base of the Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian) in western Utah and eastern Nevada, and including the type Ibexian section near Ibex, Utah. The faunas are from the topmost Wahwah, and overlying Juab Limestone Formations, in strata equivalent to Zone L. Although well-preserved, none of the trilobites are silicified. All are typical of inshore carbonate, Bathyurid biofacies. The majority are new species congeneric with, but different from species from the overlying Kanosh Formation. The dominant bathyurid is the hitherto little-known Psephosthenaspis, after which the new Zone is named. A threefold subdivision of the Psephosthenaspis Zone is based on successive species of the genus. The lower two of these are probably equivalent to the Valhallan Stage, described from more offshore biofacies from Spitsbergen. Eighteen species are described, of which nine are formally named as new including: Goniotelina ensifer, Petigurus inexpectatus, Psephosthenaspis microspinosa, M. glabrior, Pseudoolenoides aspinosus, Ectenonotus progenitor, Kanoshia reticulata and Pseudomera arachnopyge. The type species of a remarkable new illaenid-like bathyurelline, Madaraspis magnifica gen. et sp. nov., is described.
Abstract 96: Sirt-3 is Essential for Apelin Gene Therapy Mediated Improvement of Angiogenesis and Cardiac Function in Stz Mice

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major diabetic complication featured by the impaired angiogenesis and cardiac dysfunction. Apelin (APLN) has been shown to prompt angiogenesis. Our recent study implicates a critical role of sirtuin 3 (SIRT-3) in the regulation of angiopoietins expression and angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the roles of SIRT-3 in APLN-induced angiogenesis in a diabetic cardiomyopathy model underwent ischemia. Male wild type (WT) mice and SIRT-3 knock-out (SIRT-3 KO) mice were induced into diabetic cardiomyopathy model by STZ injection and followed by left anterior descending artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction (MI). The experimental mice then underwent intra-myocardium injection with adenovirus Apelin (Ad -APLN) or β-gal adenovirus (Ad-β-gal) immediately after the ligation. Myocardial angiogenesis and cardiac function was measured 2 weeks after surgery. Our data revealed that the ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shorting (FS) were significantly improved in STZ mice received Ad-APLN treatment than in STZ mice received Ad-β-gal (EF: 64.1% ±3.2 vs 52.8%±5.6, P
Becoming a dictator

So far we have devoted our attention mainly to what happens after the dictator gets in power. We now turn to how to get power. This may seem a perverse way of dealing with the problem since obviously they become dictator before they are faced with the problem of retaining power, but for analytical reasons it’s easier. The basic problem faced by a young man who wants to be dictator is the existing dictator himself. Hence unless we are fairly well informed about the defenses that that dictator may have, we’re not in a position to discuss the rise to rank of such a man as Sgt. Doe1 of Liberia.
C–N bonded energetic biheterocyclic compounds with good detonation performance and high thermal stability

New C–N bonded energetic biheterocyclic compounds were synthesized using cine substitution of 1,3-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole with different energetic moieties. All the compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR and infrared spectra, and elemental analyses. The structures of 4, 7, 9, and 11 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. Their physicochemical properties, such as density, thermal stability and sensitivity towards impact and friction, were studied. All of the compounds have high thermal stability. The detonation properties were calculated with EXPLO5 V6.01 based on experimental densities and calculated heats of formation.
Relationship between preprophase band organization, F-actin and the division site in Allium : fluorescence and morphometric studies on cytochalasin-treated cells

The preprophase band (PPB) of microtubules (Mts), which appears in the G 2 phase of the cell cycle in higher plants but disappears well before the end of karyokinesis, is implicated in the determination of the division plane because its location marks the site at which the phragmoplast/cell plate will fuse with the parental plasmalemma during cytokinesis. The PPB first appears as a rather wide array, which progressively narrows before or during prophase. Actin-containing microfilaments (Mfs) have recently been reported in the PPB, but the role of these elements in PPB organization and/or function remains unclear. The present study employed fluorescence and pharmacological methods in symmetrically and asymmetrically dividing epidermal cells of Allium to probe this problem. Our results show that PPBs in cells treated with 2–200μM cytochalasin D (CD) are still transversely aligned but remain two to three times wider than mature bands in control cells. Treatment for 0.5 h at 20 μM is sufficient to make the PPBs abnormally widel Premitotic nuclear migration in asymmetrically dividing cells is also inhibited by CD, as is the positioning of the mitotic apparatus and the new cell plate. The plate is still transverse, however. Band-like arrays of cortical Mfs become evident in most interphase cells by prophase. The band remains quite wide compared to the final dimensions of the Mt PPB, and clearly encompasses it. Levels of CD as high as 200μM decrease the number of cells with transverse actin bands, although a majority still retain them. Other F-actin arrays are disrupted by the drug. Thus, while CD does not inhibit the formation of an initial, broad, transverse PPB in most cells, it does prevent the narrowing process that defines the precise division site. The role of actin in this effect is discussed.
Nonlinear Helicopter and Ship Models for Predictive Control of Ship Landing Operations

A control-oriented helicopter model is used for ship landing operations. The model captures essential dynamics including blade flapping, lead-lagging and main-rotor inflow. The model is nonlinear but written in the implicit Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) form. Various nonlinear simulation results of this model's dynamics in response to initial disturbances and control inputs are presented. Comparisons with corresponding responses of the linearized models around hover and straightforward flights indicate a relatively good agreement between linearized and nonlinear models. A linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) design for the helicopter is investigated using linearized models and it is evaluated using the nonlinear model. Simulation results show the capability of the MPC to handle multiple system constraints and tolerate modeling errors. Moreover, a simple ship model that has a Lewis-form body plan is used for motion simulation. Finally, an automatic deck landing using MPC is designed for successful landing on a ship with irregular motions at rough seas.
Anal and perianal malignancies.

The various anal and perianal malignancies are reviewed, with the incidence, coexisting factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and pathology outlined. Current therapeutic modalities are presented.
Relationship Between Medication Adherence and Beliefs in Patients with Mental Health Disorders

Introduction Medication non-adherence is a major factorcontributing to poor clinical outcomes in patients with mental health disordersand is a complex behaviouralprocess determined by several interactingfactors. Patient adherence to treatment is likely to be influenced by a complexinteraction of treatment, patient beliefs and sociodemographic factors. Objectives The aim of this study is to identify patient relatedfactors that affect adherence and assess the impact of attitudes and beliefs inmedication adherence. Methods This cross sectional study is being developed at Mental Health Departments of 3general hospitals in Lisbon great area. The sample is being collected through individual interviews. The participants will complete the Beliefsabout Medicines Questionnaire (Horneet al., 1997); Medication Adherence Questionnaire (Delgado & Lima, 2001) and additional measures to assess symptom severity, illness perception and sociodemographic characteristics. Results We enrolled a total of 121 patients (mean age= 39.8; ± 9.3) withthe following diagnoses: schizophrenia(40.5%),schizo-affective(5.8%), bipolar disorder (50.4%) and other psychosis (3.3%). We have found a significant negative correlation withmedication beliefs and adherence (r=-0.226;p= 0.013) and a significant correlation with beliefs and psychopathology (r=0.41;p=0.00), i.e., patientswith negative beliefs and higher levels of psychopathology, less adhered tomedication. Conclusion Shared discussion of beliefs about medication betweenpatient and mental health professional allows wider exploration of personalmeanings that can help to improve medication adherence and therapeuticalliance. Further research on patients beliefs should focus on targeting non-adherent patientswhose reasons for their non-adherence is driven bytheir medication beliefs.
The current status of oncolytic viral therapy for head and neck cancer.

Abstract Objective Cancer affects the head and neck region frequently and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Oncolytic viral therapy has the potential to make a big impact in cancers that affect the head and neck. We intend to review the current state of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of cancers that affect the head and neck region. Method Data sources are from National clinical trials database, literature, and current research. Results There are many past and active trials for oncolytic viruses that show promise for treating cancers of the head and neck. The first oncolytic virus was approved by the FDA October 2015 (T-VEC, Amgen) for the treatment of melanoma. Active translational research continues for this and many other oncolytic viruses. Conclusion The evolving field of oncolytic viruses is impacting the treatment of head and neck cancer and further trials and agents are moving forward in the coming years.
Somatic Hypermutation-Induced Changes in the Structure and Dynamics of HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

Antibody somatic hypermutation (SHM) and affinity maturation enhance antigen recognition by modifying antibody paratope structure to improve its complementarity with the target epitope. SHM-induced changes in paratope dynamics may also contribute to antibody maturation, but direct evidence of this is limited. Here, we examine two classes of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) for SHM-induced changes in structure and dynamics, and delineate the effects of these changes on interactions with the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). In combination with new and existing structures of unmutated and affinity matured antibody Fab fragments, we used hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry to directly measure Fab structural dynamics. Changes in antibody structure and dynamics were positioned to improve complementarity with Env, with changes in dynamics primarily observed at the paratope peripheries. We conclude that SHM optimizes paratope complementarity to conserved HIV-1 epitopes and restricts the mobility of paratope-peripheral residues to minimize clashes with variable features on HIV-1 Env.
A CMOS-based high resolution fluoroscope (HRF) detector prototype with 49.5 μm pixels for use in endovascular image guided interventions (EIGI).

X-ray detectors to meet the high-resolution requirements for endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGIs) are being developed and evaluated. A new 49.5-micron pixel prototype detector is being investigated and compared to the current suite of high-resolution fluoroscopic (HRF) detectors. This detector featuring a 300-micron thick CsI(Tl) scintillator, and low electronic noise CMOS readout is designated the HRF- CMOS50. To compare the abilities of this detector with other existing high resolution detectors, a standard performance metric analysis was applied, including the determination of the modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectra (NPS), noise equivalent quanta (NEQ), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) for a range of energies and exposure levels. The advantage of the smaller pixel size and reduced blurring due to the thin phosphor was exemplified when the MTF of the HRF-CMOS50 was compared to the other high resolution detectors, which utilize larger pixels, other optical designs or thicker scintillators. However, the thinner scintillator has the disadvantage of a lower quantum detective efficiency (QDE) for higher diagnostic x-ray energies. The performance of the detector as part of an imaging chain was examined by employing the generalized metrics GMTF, GNEQ, and GDQE, taking standard focal spot size and clinical imaging parameters into consideration. As expected, the disparaging effects of focal spot unsharpness, exacerbated by increasing magnification, degraded the higher-frequency performance of the HRF-CMOS50, while increasing scatter fraction diminished low-frequency performance. Nevertheless, the HRF-CMOS50 brings improved resolution capabilities for EIGIs, but would require increased sensitivity and dynamic range for future clinical application.
The Birth of the WTO

In the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the breakup of the Soviet Union, the OECD countries were able to turn their attention to some unfinished business of the 1980s: the protracted and to that point inconclusive multilateral trade negotiations of the Uruguay Round. The Round reflected a recognition of the need to address issues resulting from the forces of globalization which were growing momentum in the 1990s. The establishment of the WTO in 1995 at the end of the Round brought about a fundamental restructuring of the rules guiding the international trading system and significant changes in the role played by developing countries. This chapter summarizes the main aspects of the new agreements as they affected developing countries as well as developed and developing country policies on international trade as they evolved following the establishment of WTO and until the end of the 20th century.
A Real Nail-Biter

A 67-year-old man with multiple myeloma presented with neutropenic fever for 2 days and pain and swelling of his left third finger for 7 days. He also reported mild oral mucositis. He denied history of trauma to the finger but admitted that he occasionally bit his fingernails. With clindamycin treatment he had no improvement in his symptoms. Two weeks before, he had received chemotherapy, and he had been neutropenic for 8 days. He denied headache, cough, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, or other localizing symptoms. He reported no sick contacts, pets, or exposure to animals. He was originally from the United Arab Emirates but had no recent travel.
Das Wissen der Wörter und Diskurse

In seiner „Archaologie des Wissens“ ging es Michel Foucault bekanntlich darum, den Diskursbegriff aus im engeren Sinne sprachwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen herauszulosen und fur die Analyse der historischen Wandlungen und Effekte gesellschaftlicher Wissensformationen nutzbar zu machen. Die „Archaologie des Wissens“ ist „eine Aufgabe, die darin besteht, nicht „ nicht mehr – die Diskurse als Gesamtheiten von Zeichen (von bedeutungstragenden Elementen, die auf Inhalte oder Reprasentationen verweisen), sondern als Praktiken zu behandeln, die systematisch die Gegenstande bilden, von denen sie sprechen.“(Foucault 1988: 74) Dieses Vorhaben, das zugleich eine stilisierte retrospektive Methodologie seiner bis dahin vorgelegten Arbeiten beinhaltete, wurde von ihm wenig spater starker in Bezug auf die Analyse von gesellschaftlichen Deutungskampfen und Macht/Wissens-Regimen akzentuiert.
Abstract 12688: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Marfan Syndrome: Time for Screening Guidelines?

Background: Marfan syndrome (MFS) leads to aortic root aneurysm, while descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) occurs less commonly. With imaging surveillance and prophylactic surgery, lifespan i...
THE LAW OF THE SEA

This chapter discusses various laws created to tackle trade and other activities on sea. The United Nations recognized the need to recast the law of the sea at least as early as 1958, when it convened a conference in Geneva with the participation of 86 states. At that meeting, four international conventions covering the territorial sea, the high seas, the continental shelf, and fishing and conservation of living resources were adopted. The preparatory work for the Third Conference on the Law of the Sea was done by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed and Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction. The Conference met again in New York from 15 March to 7 May 1976, and succeeded in producing a single informal negotiating text to serve as the basis of discussion at a later session from 2 August–17 September. Among the new concepts included in the text are a 200-mile economic zone for the coastal states, a maximum 12-mile territorial sea and a new regime, the International Sea-bed Authority, which would regulate the exploitation of resources in the sea and sea-bed beyond national jurisdiction for the common benefit of humanity, particularly the developing countries.
Advanced imaging modalities to detect cardiotoxicity

Recent advances in cancer treatments have significantly improved survival rates, reemphasizing the focus on reducing the potential complications associated with some therapies. Cardiovascular disease associated with chemotherapies is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Early detection of cardiotoxicity improves cardiac outcomes among cancer patients. The review will focus on imaging modalities used to assess cardiotoxicity - the cardiovascular consequences of chemotherapies. The review will discuss the benefits and limitations associated with each technique, as well as the guidelines available to help identify at risk patients. We will discuss novel techniques that may help detect earlier signs of cardiotoxicity, directing management that may improve clinical outcomes.