cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinematic model for the curvature of the northern Subalpine Chain, France

Abstract Analyses of cross-sectional shortening, mapped faults and calcite twin strain are used in conjunction with geometric-kinematic modeling to interpret the mechanism of curvature formation in the northern Subalpine Chain of France. There is a 45° change in strike around the Chain that is convex towards the foreland (northwest). Five models for fold-thrust belt curvature are applied to the northern Subalpine Chain. They can reproduce the geometry and the kinematic history of a curved fold-thrust belt and can be used to predict the magnitude and orientations of strains and the three-dimensional geometry of the curvature. The models are: pure bending; radial thrusting; curve-parallel simple shear; uniform displacement-uniform shortening; and transport-parallel simple shear. Two principal criteria for distinguishing among the models geometrically are the horizontal tangential strain (extension or contraction parallel to strike) and cross-sectional shortening. The transport-parallel simple shear model predicts no tangential extension in the central domain and greater radial shortening and significant tangential extension in the northeastern and southern domains. This is the pattern observed in the northern Subalpine Chain. Therefore, the curvature of the northern Subalpine Chain is attributed to a transport-parallel simple shear mechanism.
High- and Low-Moisture Content Alfalfa Wafers Compared to Baled Hay for Milk Production

Summary High-moisture content (18.0–19.1%) alfalfa wafers stored with and without forced-air-drying were compared to baled hay when fed to milk cows. The daily consumption of the 2- by 2½-in. wafers averaged 3.5 lb (P
Reconstitution of a defunct glycolytic pathway via recruitment of ambiguous sugar kinases.

During a recent investigation of the persistence of substrate ambiguity in contemporary enzymes, we identified three distinct ambiguous sugar kinases embedded within the modern Escherichia coli genome [Miller, B. G., and Raines, R. T. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 6387−6392]. These catalysts are the YajF, YcfX, and NanK polypeptides, all of which possess rudimentary glucokinase activities. Here, we report on the discovery of a fourth bacterial kinase with ambiguous substrate specificity. AlsK phosphorylates the glucose epimer, d-allose, with a kcat/Km value of 6.5 × 104 M-1 s-1. AlsK also phosphorylates d-glucose, with a kcat/Km value that is 105-fold lower than the kcat/Km value displayed by native E. coli glucokinase. Overexpression of the alsK gene relieves the auxotrophy of a glucokinase-deficient bacterium, demonstrating that weak enzymatic activities derived from ambiguous catalysts can provide organisms with elaborated metabolic capacities. To explore how ambiguous catalysts are recruited to provide new ...
Reaction of organocalcium and -barium complexes with pyrazines. X-ray structural characterization of [(Me5C5)2Ba]2(μ-C4H4N2)

Abstract Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)calcium and -barium react in toluene with pyrazine and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine to form highly colored adducts. Spectroscopic studies reveal that a concentration-dependent mononuclear-binuclear equilibrium exists for the [Cp★ 2 Ca] 2 (μ-C 4 Me 4 N 2 ) adduct (Cp★ = Me 5 C 5 ). A bimetallic structure was confirmed in the solid state for [Cp★ 2 Ba] 2 (μ-C 4 H 4 N 2 ] by X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes from toluene in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n , with a = 15.203(2), b = 11.083(2), c = 26.436(5) A, β = 103.48(1)° and D c = 1.37 g cm −3 for Z = 4 (complexes). Least-squares refinement based on 4259 observed reflections measured at −155°C led to a final R value of 0.068. Two independent pyrazine-bridged binuclear complexes appear in the asymmetric cell, each with a crystallographically imposed center of inversion. Each barium in the [Ba 2 (μ-C 4 H 4 N 2 )] 2 core is flanked by two (η 5 -Cp★) rings with average BaC distances in both complexes of 2.96(1) A; the BaN distances in the two complexes are 2.867(7) A and 2.937(6) A, respectively.
You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE.

Studies of coping in applied settings often confront the need to minimize time demands on participants. The problem of participant response burden is exacerbated further by the fact that these studies typically are designed to test multiple hypotheses with the same sample, a strategy that entails the use of many time-consuming measures. Such research would benefit from a brief measure of coping assessing several responses known to be relevant to effective and ineffective coping. This article presents such a brief form of a previously published measure called the COPE inventory (Carver, Scheier, & Wcintraub, 1989), which has proven to be useful in health-related research. The Brief COPE omits two scales of the full COPE, reduces others to two items per scale, and adds one scale. Psychometric properties of the Brief COPE arc reported, derived from a sample of adults participating in a study of the process of recovery after Hurricane Andrew.
The vitamin A and B content of the pigeon pea ( cajanus indicus )

The pigeon pea ( Cajanus indicus or C. cajan ) grown extensively in India, Africa, and other tropical and semitropical countries has attained considerable prominence as a stock food in Hawaii, where it is being grown as an important field and pasture crop in some sections. Its culture and utilisation in Hawaii have been exhaustively treated in a bulletin of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station written by F. G. Krauss(1).
Hypoxic Lung Whiteout: Further Clearing but More Questions from on High

In this issue, Maggiorini and colleagues explore several aspects of the pathogenesis of high-altitude pulmonary edema. Their study yields important practical answers and serendipitously generates n...
Vaccinate for the next H2N2 pandemic now

An old influenza strain still circulating in birds and swine could easily jump back to humans now that immunity to it has dropped, warn Gary J. Nabel and his colleagues.
From threat‐rigidity to flexibility ‐ Toward a learning model of autogenic crisis in organizations

Complementing prior research by Staw et al. (“Threat‐rigidity effects in organizational behavior: a multilevel analysis”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 26 No. 4, 1981, pp. 501‐24), the authors develop a new conceptual model of organizational change, “autogenic crisis”. The authors’ update of Staw et al.’s threat‐rigidity model shows that top managers may initiate strategic “pre‐adaptations” to future crises, thereby using latent threat to generate organizational flexibility, learning, renewal and, possibly, longer life.
Yamadaella, a new genus in the Nemaliales (Rhodophyta)

Yamadaella (Nemaliaceae, Rhodophyta) is recognized as a new genus, distinct from Nemalion because of its calcification and differing spermatangia, separate from Liagora (Helminthocladiaceae) becaus...
The relevance of the peritoneal fluid in endometriosis-associated infertility

Endometriosis, one of the most prevalent gynaecological disorders, may affect fertility. Extensive research has been done in an attempt to understand the pathogenesis of endometriosis and its association with reproductive failure. It has been suggested that the disease affects almost any step of reproduction, but data are mostly controversial so it is difficult to draw clear conclusions from studies that have been done so far. Not only is peritoneal fluid in close proximity to endometriotic lesions, but it is also the environment in which early reproductive events take place. Studies on the peritoneal fluid in endometriosis have provided significant data towards an understanding of this disease. Immunological factors play a key role in determining the occurrence of endometriosis as well as its heterogenous symptoms. Since data also indicate that there are immunological differences between infertile and fertile women with endometriosis, recent studies have been designed to take these differences into consideration. This review will discuss the mechanisms by which endometriosis may affect fertility, and an emphasis will be placed on the relevance of the peritoneal fluid.
Numerical studies on soliton propagation in dielectric media by the nonlinear Lorentz computational model

Soliton propagation in the dielectric media has been simulated by using the nonlinear Lorentz computational model, which was recently developed to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a linear and a nonlinear dielectric. The model is constructed by combining a microscopic model used in the semi-classical approximation for dielectric media and the particle model developed for plasma simulations. The carrier wave frequency is retained in the simulation so that not only the envelope of the soliton but also its phase can be followed in time. It is shown that the model may be useful for studying pulse propagation in the dielectric media. >
Reaction Sintering of ZnO‐AI2O3

The reaction sintering of equimolar mixtures of ZnO and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} powders was investigated as a function of primary processing parameters such as the temperature, heating rate, green density, and particle size. The powder mixtures were prepared by two different methods. In one method, the ZnO and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} powders were ball-milled. In the other method, the ZnO powder was chemically precipitated onto the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles dispersed in a solution of zinc chloride. The sintering characteristics of the compacted powders prepared by each method were compared with those for a pre-reacted single-phase powder of zinc aluminate, ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}. The chemical reaction between ZnO and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} occurred prior to densification of the powder compact and was accompanied by fairly large expansion. The mixing procedure had a significant effect on the densification rate during reaction sintering. The densification rate of the compact formed from the ball-milled powder was strongly inhibited compared to that for the single-phase ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} powder. However, the densification rate of the compact formed from the chemically precipitated mixture was almost identical to that for the ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} powder. The difference in sintering between the ball-milled mixture and the chemicallymore » precipitated mixture is interpreted in terms of differences i the microstructural uniformity of the initial powder compacts resulting from the different preparation procedures.« less
Migraine and stroke: in search of shared mechanisms.

BackgroundMigraine, particularly with aura, increases the risk for ischemic stroke, at least in a subset of patients. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and probably multifactorial.MethodsWe carried out an extended literature review of experimental and clinical evidence supporting the association between migraine and ischemic stroke to identify potential mechanisms that can explain the association.ResultsObservational, imaging and genetic evidence support a link between migraine and ischemic stroke. Based on clinical and experimental data, we propose mechanistic hypotheses to explain the link, such as microembolic triggers of migraine and enhanced sensitivity to ischemic injury in migraineurs.DiscussionWe discuss the possible practical implications of clinical and experimental data, such as aggressive risk factor screening and management, stroke prophylaxis and specific acute stroke management in migraineurs. However, evidence from prospective clinical trials is required before modifying the ...
Illusory safeguards: legitimizing distortion in recall with guidelines for forensic hypnosis--two case reports

Abstract Two amnesic automobile accident victims remembered the information needed for their ongoing lawsuits during hypnosis. Meeting the recording requimments of the Hurd safeguards led to the admission of hypnotically influenced testimony in court in one case, whereas failure to record led to exclusion in the other. In both cases, closed-head trauma almost certainly prevented long-term memory consolidation. Thus adherence to guidelines for forensic hypnosis legitimized distortions in recall instead of preventing them. Hypnosis used to facilitate hypermnesia alters expectations about what can be remembered, makes memory more vulnerable to postevent information, and increases confidence without a corresponding increase in accuracy. Distortion of recall is an inherent problem with the use of hypnosis and hypnotic-like procedures and cannot be adequately pre vented by any set of guidelines.
Low-dropout (LDO) regulator output impedance analysis and transient performance enhancement circuit

This paper presents a low-dropout regulator with a transient performance enhancement circuit. The transient performance enhancement circuit improves the transient response time by sinking a remaining current in a power delivery path. Due to the limited control bandwidth, traditional LDO could not respond rapidly to the load transients. As a result, a large output voltage spike can be occurred and the output voltage settling time is long during the load transients. In this paper, the stability conditions and the output impedance of LDO are discussed, and the output voltage spike and current distributions in the power delivery path are analyzed. The theoretical analysis will be confirmed by the cadence simulation results.
Automated Oscillometric Determination of the Ankle–Brachial Index Provides Accuracy Necessary for Office Practice

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains underdiagnosed by primary care and cardiovascular physicians. The office-based assessment of PAD is limited by the need for specialized equipment and the time required for performance of the ankle-brachial index (ABI). We explored whether the accuracy of automated ABI measurement by oscillometry compared favorably with the gold-standard method using continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. Consecutive patients referred to our university hospital noninvasive vascular laboratory for ABI measurement were invited for participation. Of 205 patients, 201 participated, including 55 with PAD. The ABI was measured by automated oscillometry and Doppler ultrasound. The test of trends revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.78 in the left leg and 0.78 in the right leg (P<0.01 for both). The mean ABI difference between methods was 0.04+/-0.01 and 0.06+/-0.01, respectively, in the left and right legs. The differences between the methods followed a normal distribution. Oscillometric determination of the ABI provides an accurate determination of the ABI in an outpatient population. Our findings show automated oscillometry to be a reliable and easier method of ABI measurement, lowering the barrier to incorporation of this diagnostic test into clinical practice.
Routing With Constraints for Post-Grid Clock Distribution in Microprocessors

Microprocessors typically employ a global grid followed by block-level buffered trees for clock distribution. The trees are connected to the grid by routing wires along reserved tracks. The routing of these clock wires, which present load to the grid, is constrained by delay/slope requirements at inputs of the block-level trees. This leads to a capacitance minimization problem during multiterminal routing, where routes use the reserved tracks and obey the constraints. This paper presents an algorithm that addresses the problem, improving wirelength by 14% over a competitive approach. The algorithm is employed for post-grid clock distribution in a 45 nm technology microprocessor.
A 6th order Butterworth SC low pass filter for cryogenic applications from −180°c to 120°c

This paper presents a sixth order Butterworth switched capacitor (SC) low pass filter with radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) for cryogenic applications. Implemented in a 0.5μm SiGe BiCMOS technology, this cryogenic SC filter is capable of operating over an ultra-wide temperature (UWT) range from −180°C to 120°C and under high-energy particle radiation environment on the lunar surface. This is the first SC filter, operating over 300#x00B0;C temperature range with RHBD, reported so far. The measured results show that the filter approximates a sixth order Butterworth filter response in range of −180°C to 120°C. The clock-to-cutoff frequency ratio is 100:1. The clock feedthrough is less than 10uV RMS with single 3.3V supply. It consumes only 640uA at 200 kHz clock frequency current and occupies only 0.4×1.4 mm2.
Bayes Procedures for the Classification of Multiple Polynomial Trends with Dependent Residuals

Abstract Three procedures for the classification of multivariate time-dependent data are examined. Two are shown to be Bayes procedures assuming that the time dependence of the data can be described by polynomial regression functions and that the relation among successive residuals is described by a stationary and invertible ARMA process. Relative advantages of these procedures in practical applications and limitations of the model are discussed.
Experimental investigation of CO2–brine–rock interactions at elevated temperature and pressure: Implications for CO2 sequestration in deep-saline aquifers

Deep-saline aquifers are potential repositories for excess CO2, currently being emitted to the atmosphere from anthropogenic activities, but the reactivity of supercritical CO2 with host aquifer fluids and formation minerals needs to be understood. Experiments reacting supercritical CO2 with natural and synthetic brines in the presence and absence of limestone and plagioclase-rich arkosic sandstone showed that the reaction of CO2-saturated brine with limestone results in compositional, mineralogical, and porosity changes in the aquifer fluid and rock that are dependent on initial brine composition, especially dissolved calcium and sulfate. Experiments reacting CO2-saturated, low-sulfate brine with limestone dissolved 10% of the original calcite and increased rock porosity by 2.6%. Experiments reacting high-sulfate brine with limestone, both in the presence and absence of supercritical CO2, were characterized by the precipitation of anhydrite, dolomitization of the limestone, and a final decrease in porosity of 4.5%. However, based on favorable initial porosity changes of about 15% due to the dissolution of calcite, the combination of CO2 co-injection with other mitigation strategies might help alleviate some of the well-bore scale and formation-plugging problems near the injection zone of a brine disposal well in Paradox Valley, Colorado, as well as provide a repository for CO2. Experiments showed that the solubility of CO2 is enhanced in brine in the presence of limestone by 9% at 25 °C and 6% at 120 °C and 200 bar relative to the brine itself. The solubility of CO2 is enhanced also in brine in the presence of arkosic sandstone by 5% at 120 °C and 300 bar. The storage of CO2 in limestone aquifers is limited to only ionic and hydraulic trapping. However, brine reacted with supercritical CO2 and arkose yielded fixation and sequestration of CO2 in carbonate mineral phases. Brine desiccation was observed in all experiments containing a discrete CO2 phase, promoting porosity-reducing precipitation reactions in aquifers near saturation with mineral phases.
Theoretical Aspects of an Electricity Marginal Cost Model

A separable programming model has been built to estimate electricity marginal costs. The model can be solved by applying linear programming techniques, hence marginal costs are obtained from shadow prices of model's optimal solution. In order to obtain more accurate and more detailed composition of electricity marginal costs, shadow prices are mathematically explained rigorously from model's structural points of view. Theoretical aspects of our electricity marginal cost model are investigated by applying theory of linear programming. Furthermore, various types of mathematical expression are also show with their interpretation in the real power system.
Effects of short-term very low-calorie diet on intramyocellular lipid and insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects

The study aimed to analyze the effects of a short-term very low-calorie diet (VLCD) on intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), total body fat, and insulin sensitivity in a group of obese nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Seven untreated type 2 diabetic and 5 obese nondiabetic individuals were studied before and after a 6-day VLCD using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify IMCL, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to assess body fat, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps to measure peripheral insulin sensitivity. In both groups, decrements in total body fat mass and body mass index were small but statistically significant. In contrast, the diet resulted in a pronounced reduction in IMCL compared with baseline values in nondiabetic subjects (56% decrease) and type 2 diabetic subjects (40% decrease) (P < .05), and this was accompanied by an overall 9.3% increase in maximally stimulated glucose disposal rate (P < .01). Intramyocellular lipid was significantly correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = -0.69, P < .01) and waist circumference (r = 0.72 and 0.83, baseline and postdiet, respectively; both P < .01), but neither IMCL nor insulin sensitivity was related to measures of general adiposity such as body mass index, percentage of body fat, or total body fat (P = not significant). In conclusion, short-term VLCD is accompanied by small decrements in general adiposity, marked decrease in IMCL, and an increase in insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Therefore, rapid amelioration of insulin resistance by VLCD can be partially explained by loss of IMCL both in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects in the absence of substantial changes in total body fat. These observations are consistent with the idea that insulin resistance is more directly related to IMCL rather than to body fat per se.
An Empirical Analysis of Initial Public Offering (IPO) Performance

For decades, researchers have disagreed about the magnitude and predictability of abnormal securities' price performance generated by initial public offerings (IPOs). The purpose of this study was to identify the best specified and most powerful method of abnormal performance detection and to apply this method to examine the price performance of IPOs. Matched by size, industry, and book-to-market ratios this study explored which of the resulting seven matched-portfolio and matched-firm methods of abnormal performance detection produced the best specified and most powerful test statistics. Additionally, this study analyzes IPO price performance to determine if IPOs generate abnormal performance. This analysis was conducted using the event study methodology along with the buy and hold abnormal return (BHAR) method of calculating abnormal returns. The findings were that (a) all of the matched-firm methods of abnormal performance detection were well specified and powerful (matching by industry affiliation generated the best power and specification results) and (b) that the IPOs generated statistically significant abnormal price performances occurring in: (a) short-term analyses, (b) longer-term analyses, and (c) analyses of the lockup and quiet periods.
Remotely pumped optical distribution networks: a distributed amplifier model

Optical distribution networks using remotely pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with a single pump source at the head end can conveniently provide signal gain without adding to the power-consumption cost and management complexity of having multiple locally pumped EDFAs in densely populated metropolitan areas. We introduce an analytical model for understanding the basic physical foundations of remotely pumped network design and for analyzing the number of users that can be supported using such a remote-pumping scheme.
MEMS gyroscope sensors for wind turbine blade tip deflection measurement

Monitoring the blade tip deflection of wind turbines in real time could prevent catastrophic failures caused by blade striking the tower. In this paper, a MEMS-based gyroscope sensor is proposed to measure the wind turbine blade tip deflection. A neural network model-based estimation method is developed to estimate the blade tip deflection from 3-dimensional gyroscope data. The proposed system is validated by field test in a 1.6MW wind turbine with 100-meters rotating diameter. To evaluate the measurement accuracy, a laser distance finder is also installed on the wind turbine tower outside to give a reference value of the blade tip to tower clearance.
Unraveling complexity: building an understanding of Everglades restoration

tists!) to unravel. Sklar and colleagues present the engaging problem of the restoration of the Florida Everglades (pp 161-169), including history, biology, hydrology, model? ing, and regulatory morasses. Students need to learn how to derive and interconnect biological concepts from the literature as well as from textbooks. To do so they must connect new information with prior knowledge to make sense of the ideas and concepts presented. In this article, we model a way to guide and assess students' understanding of the biological principles featured in Sklar et al. before they come to class. Instructors use this formative assessment to modify classroom instruction, and to assess students' understanding of those principles at the end of class.
Heterogeneous Effects of IL-2 on Collagen-Induced Arthritis

IL-2 is generally considered a pro-inflammatory cytokine that exacerbates Th1-mediated disease states, such as autoimmune arthritis. Consistent with this role for IL-2, recent studies from our laboratory demonstrate that IL-2 mRNA is markedly increased during the acute stage of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. To further define the role of IL-2 in CIA, the levels of IL-2 protein and its receptor and the effects of IL-2 administration were analyzed during CIA. IL-2 protein and IL-2R were preferentially expressed at disease onset, compared with later stages of disease. Administration of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) at, or just before, disease onset exacerbated disease; surprisingly, rhIL-2 given before disease onset inhibited CIA, associated with reduced cellular and humoral responses to type II collagen. Determination of in vivo serum levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in response to rhIL-2 treatment demonstrated that IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, was markedly up-regulated in response to IL-2. In mice treated with anti-IFN-gamma Ab, both early and late IL-2 administration exacerbated CIA. Thus, IL-2 can have two opposite effects on autoimmune arthritis, a direct stimulatory effect and an indirect suppressive effect that is mediated by IFN-gamma.
The proteolytic activity in brain.

AbstractThe acid proteinase activity in human and steer brain areas has been determined. Grey matter contains more acid proteinase activity than white matter. A major portion of the activity resides in the soluble fraction of the cell. The Mn++-stimulated aminopeptidase activity and dipeptidase activity in human astrocytoma tissue homogenates are higher than those of normal adjacent cerebral tissue. The peptidase activity of astrocytoma tissue is more susceptible to inactivation by dialysis than is that of normal tissue.
Whole-body scintigraphy with radioiodine-131 : a comprehensive list of false-positives with some examples

Whole-body scintigraphy with radioiodine-131 is an important diagnostic test in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who have undergone surgical treatment. The scan can demonstrate the presence of residual thyroid or functioning metastases in lymph nodes or distant sites. However, there are a number of potential pitfalls in the interpretation of this scan that could lead to a false-positive diagnosis of cancer. The scintiscans are presented for five patients in whom uptake outside of the thyroid was not due to functioning metastases. Some of these abnormalities are physiologic, such as uptake of iodine in the gastrointestinal tract. A comprehensive list of false-positive results are tabulated.
The Chrysomelidae: A useful group for investigating Herbivore-Herbivore interactions

The Chrysomelidae comprise one of the most abundant and diverse families of herbivorous insects. A large proportion of chrysomelid species are monophagous or oligophagous, and the group has long been used to investigate the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous insects (Mitchell 1981, Smiley 1982, Crowson 1981, p. 589, Jolivet 1986). Of 139 chrysomelid genera in North America, 46.8% use only one genus of host plant, and an additional 46.7% use between two and five genera (Mitchell 1981). For 298 native N. American species, the average number of host plants used is approximately 1.5 plant species per species of chrysomelid (data tabulated by J. Kochmer from Wilcox 1979). In many chrysomelids, both adults and larvae feed on the same host resource (Raupp and Denno 1983). a fact that may have a large influence on patterns of host use in the Chrysomelidae. Although several other insect orders contain monophagous species, adult and larval resources are often different (Mitchell 1981, Price 1975). For example, in monophagous Lepidoptera. adult butterflies require nectar or pollen for their metabolic maintenance. Adult flight and alighting behaviors are commonly phasic, and flight paths can be alternately affected by densities of flowering plants (adult nectar resources) and larval resources (Stanton 1983, Gilbert and Singer 1973). The different needs of the two life stages may influence the dispersion of eggs in particular habitats (Murphy 1983, Gilbert and Singer 1973).
Multi-atlas and Multi-modal Hippocampus Segmentation for Infant MR Brain Images by Propagating Anatomical Labels on Hypergraph

Accurate segmentation of hippocampus from infant magnetic resonance (MR) images is very important in the study of early brain development and neurological disorder. Recently, multi-atlas patch-based label fusion methods have shown a great success in segmenting anatomical structures from medical images. However, the dramatic appearance change from birth to 1-year-old and the poor image contrast make the existing label fusion methods less competitive to handle infant brain images. To alleviate these difficulties, we propose a novel multi-atlas and multi-modal label fusion method, which can unanimously label for all voxels by propagating the anatomical labels on a hypergraph. Specifically, we consider not only all voxels within the target image but also voxels across the atlas images as the vertexes in the hypergraph. Each hyperedge encodes a high-order correlation, among a set of vertexes, in different perspectives which incorporate (1) feature affinity within the multi-modal feature space, (2) spatial coherence within target image, and (3) population heuristics from multiple atlases. In addition, our label fusion method further allows those reliable voxels to supervise the label estimation on other difficult-to-label voxels, based on the established hyperedges, until all the target image voxels reach the unanimous labeling result. We evaluate our proposed label fusion method in segmenting hippocampus from T1 and T2 weighted MR images acquired from at 2-week-old, 3-month-old, 6-month-old, 9-month-old, and 12-month-old. Our segmentation results achieves improvement of labeling accuracy over the conventional state-of-the-art label fusion methods, which shows a great potential to facilitate the early infant brain studies.
Simplified extraction of bisphenols from bacterial culture suspensions and solid matrices

We demonstrate the utility of a simple and fast methanol extraction method that achieves similar bisphenols recovery efficiencies from microbial culture suspensions and sediment material than more laborious and costly extraction procedures. The methanol extraction method may have broad application for the rapid analysis of hydrophobic compounds in biodegradation studies.
Use of leukocyte depletion to decrease injury after lung preservation and rewarming ischemia: an experimental model.

Background: Hypothermia is critical for proper lung preservation. Ideally, the lungs should be maintained at the optimal preservation temperature during the entire ischemic interval. Lung rewarming during implantation is commonly observed. This study was undertaken to investigate the severity of rewarming ischemia on preservation injury and the possibility of minimizing this by use of leukocyte depletion during initial reperfusion. Methods: Four experimental groups were tested as follows: neonatal piglet heart-lung blocks were either (1) placed on an isolated, blood-perfused, working heart-lung circuit without intervening ischemia (control, n = 6), (2) reperfused on the circuit with whole blood (WB, n = 6) after 13 hours of preservation, (3) reperfused with WB after 12 hours of preservation and 1 hour of rewarming (RWB, n = 5), or (4) reperfused with leukocyte-depleted blood for an initial 10 minutes followed by WB, after 12 hours of preservation and 1 hour of rewarming (n = 6). All groups were studied for 4 hours. Results: The partial pressure of arterial oxygen and lung compliance were significantly lower in the RWB group than in controls (l13.8 ± 33.1 vs 417.3 ± 6.2 mm Hg, p < 0.01; and 0.8 ± 0.2 vs 2.9 ± 0.4 ml/cm H 2 O, p < 0.05, respectively). Pulmonary vascular resistance and lung wet/dry weight ratios were significantly higher in the RWB group than in controls (15884.1 ± 11354.8 vs 6108.3 ± 1309.9 dyne. sec cm -5 , p < 0.05; and 7.13 ± 0.24 vs 5.82 ± 0.35, p < 0.05, respectively). The WB and leukocyte-depleted groups did not differ significantly from controls for any measured parameter. Conclusions: This model confirms that rewarming ischemia during lung implantation exacerbates reperfusion injury. Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion as tested for a short period of time (10 minutes) ameliorates this injury and therefore should be considered for clinical lung transplantation.
Rule 6: Maintain an Intelligent State of Mind

Humans are both emotional and intelligent beings. As emotional beings, humans decide with System 1, an automatic mechanism that relies on intuition and emotions to make decisions. Often taking shortcuts by assuming that the future is a linear extrapolation of the past. As intelligent beings, humans decide with System 2, a deliberate mechanism that relies on reason, on detailed computation, and planning to make decisions rather than intuition and emotion. Maintaining an intelligent state of mind is all about shutting the emotional buttons that place System 1 in charge of the investing process, and committing costly cognitive errors: develop the right philosophical approach about investing, set up the right investment architecture, monitor investments closely and set up investment rules, and diversify across asset categories rather than just inside asset categories.
Effectiveness of Percutaneous Proximal Closing Wedge Osteotomy With Akin Osteotomy to Correct Severe Hallux Valgus Determined by Radiographic Parameters: A 22-Month Follow-up

Some authors reported the results from percutaneous distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus recently. On the other hand, there are few reports of percutaneous proximal metatarsal osteotomy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the radiographic results of percutaneous proximal closing wedge osteotomy with Akin osteotomy for correction of severe hallux valgus and increasing longitudinal arch height. Consecutive 17 feet (mean age = 70.8 years) were investigated. The mean follow-up was 22 months. Excision of medial eminence, distal soft tissue release, and Akin osteotomy were all performed percutaneously and concurrently. Weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the feet were acquired preoperatively and at final follow-up. On the anteroposterior radiographs, hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and first metatarsal shortening were measured. On the lateral radiographs, talometatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch angle, and first metatarsal dorsiflexion were measured. The ave...
Atrial septal defect repair gone wrong.

Isolated atrial septal defect (ASD) accounts for 13% of congenital heart disorders. The anatomic location, size, and coexistence of other cardiac anomalies determine outcomes of repair. Surgical closure was the first-choice treatment until the 1990s and remains the only treatment for large defects. We describe a case of a 64-year-old woman who underwent surgical repair for an ASD as a child in 1959. She presented with dyspnea to the hospital almost 53 years after the surgery. Diagnostic cardiac imaging revealed interesting anatomy of the repair surgery. Transthoracic echocardiography showed areas of flow signal across the patch consistent with surgical perforation of the patch to reduce symptoms of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Despite intervention, severe dilation of the SVC along with a thrombus is seen. CT angiography of the heart showed the ASD patch occluding the ostium of the SVC instead of patching the ASD. Transesophageal echocardiography showed malpositioned patch allowing the sinus venosus ASD to remain patent.
Mucosal Impedance: A New Way To Diagnose Reflux Disease and How It Could Change Your Practice

Mucosal Impedance: A New Way To Diagnose Reflux Disease and How It Could Change Your Practice
Towards optical spectroscopic anatomical mapping (OSAM) for lesion validation in cardiac tissue (Conference Presentation)

Electroanatomical mapping (EAM) is an invaluable tool for guiding cardiac radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy. The principle roles of EAM is the identification of candidate ablation sites by detecting regions of abnormal electrogram activity and lesion validation subsequent to RF energy delivery. However, incomplete lesions may present interim electrical inactivity similar to effective treatment in the acute setting, despite efforts to reveal them with pacing or drugs, such as adenosine. Studies report that the misidentification and recovery of such lesions is a leading cause of arrhythmia recurrence and repeat procedures. In previous work, we demonstrated spectroscopic characterization of cardiac tissues using a fiber optic-integrated RF ablation catheter. In this work, we introduce OSAM (optical spectroscopic anatomical mapping), the application of this spectroscopic technique to obtain 2-dimensional biodistribution maps. We demonstrate its diagnostic potential as an auxiliary method for lesion validation in treated swine preparations. Endocardial lesion sets were created on fresh swine cardiac samples using a commercial RFA system. An optically-integrated catheter console fabricated in-house was used for measurement of tissue optical spectra between 600-1000nm. Three dimensional, Spatio-spectral datasets were generated by raster scanning of the optical catheter across the treated sample surface in the presence of whole blood. Tissue optical parameters were recovered at each spatial position using an inverse Monte Carlo method. OSAM biodistribution maps showed stark correspondence with gross examination of tetrazolium chloride stained tissue specimens. Specifically, we demonstrate the ability of OSAM to readily distinguish between shallow and deeper lesions, a limitation faced by current EAM techniques. These results showcase the OSAMs potential for lesion validation strategies for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
Plastic Surgery-Related Hashtag Utilization on Instagram: Implications for Education and Marketing.

Background Recent data suggest patients are seeking aesthetic surgery to improve their appearance on Instagram and other social media. Despite the rising influence of Instagram in plastic surgery, few academic publications address Instagram, let alone evaluate its utilization in plastic surgery. Objectives We set out to answer the following three questions: 1) what plastic surgery-related content is being posted to Instagram; 2) who is posting this content; and 3) what specific hashtags are they using? Methods Our study queried 21 Instagram plastic surgery-related hashtags. Content analysis was used to qualitatively evaluate each of the nine "top" posts associated with each hashtag (189 posts). Duplicate posts and those not relevant to plastic surgery were excluded. Results A total of 1,789,270 posts utilized the 21 hashtags sampled in this study. Of the top 189 posts for these 21 queried hashtags, 163 posts met inclusion criteria. Plastic surgeons eligible for membership in American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) accounted for only 17.8% of top posts, whereas noneligible physicians accounted for 26.4%. All nonplastic surgery trained physicians marketed themselves as "cosmetic surgeons." Nine top posts (5.5%) were by nonphysicians, including dentists, spas with no associated physician, and a hair salon. The majority of these posts were self-promotional (67.1%) as opposed to educational (32.9%). Board-certified plastic surgeons were significantly more likely to post educational content to Instagram as compared to nonplastic surgeons (62.1% vs 38.1%, P = 0.02). Conclusions ASAPS eligible board-certified plastic surgeons are underrepresented amongst physicians posting top plastic surgery-related content to Instagram.
Investigation of the Email Notice Issue in Aleph

Based on experimental results and existing resources, the paper explored and identified the major contributing factors to the email notice issue, including local administrator status, Aleph client, mail server, Aleph system files, and security settings. The paper elaborated the troubleshooting process, and how to find the solution to the issue. The authors suggested recommendations based the lessons learned from the project experience. The project experience presented in this paper should be instructive for libraries solving the similar problems.
66 – Neurally Mediated Syncope

Publisher Summary Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness with spontaneous recovery that is associated with the loss of postural tone. Neurally mediated syncope (NMS or reflex fainting) is the most common cause of syncope, especially in those patients without the evidence of structural heart disease. NMS most commonly occurs after prolonged sitting or standing, although it can also occur with exercise or emotional/ psychological triggers. The most common explanation for NMS is known as the “Ventricular Hypothesis.” This hypothesis provides a plausible explanation for the “postural prodrome” to many of the episodes of NMS. It also provides a rationale for the use of the tilt-table test, which is commonly used to aid the diagnosis of NMS. The history and the physical examination are at the heart of the diagnosis of NMS. The physical examination should focus on ruling out structural heart disease and focal neurologic lesions. The most useful examination maneuver is the carotid sinus massage. The technique involves performing up to 10 seconds of massage to the carotid sinus (per side) in both the supine and the upright posture, with a positive result requiring a decrease in blood pressure or heart rate with an associated reproduction in presenting symptoms.
The Role of the Circadian System in Homeostasis

Life evolved on our planet under a predictable light-dark cycle. Not surprisingly, most biological systems incorporated mechanisms by which these environmental rhythms could be sensed, reproduced, and/or utilized as a means to improve their adaptability and fitness. In mammals, such 24-hour or circadian (from the Latin circa = near; dies = day) rhythms are governed by a hierarchical machinery of master’slave oscillators. In this chapter, we discuss our current understanding of the importance of the biological clock for fitness and overall homeostasis. We provide a broad overview on the interplay of biological clocks with neurophysiological, behavioral and metabolic processes. We also discuss the potential impact on human health following dysregulation of these circadian circuits.
Hoffman-Tinel sign. The realities.

Abstract The Hoffman-Tinel sign, although originally described by Paul Hoffman, is commonly referred to as the Tinel sign. It is one of the most commonly used tests in the clinical evaluation of periperhal nerves. The sign is used in the diagnosis of compression neuropathies, such as carpal and cubital tunnel syndromes, but it is also useful in the diagnosis of a variety of neurological maladies. Despite controversy, the Hoffman-Tinel sign remains important in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies and for the evaluation of the regenerating nerve after injury.
A Critical Approach to Investigating Communication Practices of Marginalized Populations Using Longitudinal Field Experiments

Research on information and communication technologies conducted with a vulnerable sample consists of a unique host of challenges not experienced in research with oft-used student samples. This art...
School Attendance and Crime: Evidence from the 2012 Public Teacher Strike in Chicago.

This paper examines the short run relation between school attendance and crime, using the 2012 public teacher strike in Chicago as a exogenous shock to public school attendance. The strike did not appear to have changed the number of either violent or property crimes throughout the city. Differences in gang presence, public school enrollment and baseline crime rates are not related to differential effects of the strike across neighborhoods in Chicago. There is no evidence supporting changes in age distribution of either perpetrators or victims. Crimes were displaced away from public schools and the displacement was strongest for juveniles – the group that was affected the most due to the strike.
Irreversible Electroporation: Expanding the Armamentarium against Pancreatic Cancer

Locally advanced pancreatic cancer is often refractory to conventional therapy, thus warranting new approaches. Irreversible electroporation is an ablative modality that has the potential to deliver targeted anticancer treatment with minimal damage to surrounding structures. Indications for irreversible electroporation in pancreatic cancer patients include palliation for metastatic disease, downstaging for surgery in locally advanced disease, and treatment of local recurrence following operative resection. Benefits of the modality in pancreatic cancer include a minimally invasive approach, precise delivery that minimizes nontarget ablation, and upregulation of anticancer immune response. Early studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile for irreversible electroporation; however, more data are needed to define the role of IRE in the treatment algorithm of pancreatic cancer.
Chip Scale Micro-Acoustic Radio Frequency Gyrator

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a micro-acoustic radio frequency (RF) gyrator. The proposed circuit architecture is fully passive, with two micro-acoustic filters being periodically modulated by RF switches to achieve the non-reciprocity. Compared to the conventional passive gyrators based on either transmission lines (TLs) or lumped elements (LCs), the use of high-Q micro-acoustic filters guarantees a low modulation frequency, which allows the use of highly-linear RF switches and improves the linearity of the system. The system requires only two miniaturized micro-acoustic filters and two double-pole, double-throw (DPDT) switches, therefore shows small form factor (device size 6×6 mm2). The demonstrated system shows low insertion loss (IL=3.6 dB), broad bandwidth (1dB BW=15 MHz), high linearity (P1dB=27 dBm; IIP3=35 dBm) and ultra-low modulation frequency (13 MHz) at the same time, addressing all the challenges for the real-world application of RF gyrators.
Glacier: Nature and Culture, by Peter G. Knight. London: Reaktion Books, 2019. 223 pp. $24.95 (paperback). ISBN: 978-1-78914-134-4.

Peter Knight is a reader in geography at Keele University in the English Midlands and has published papers and books dealing with glacial geomorphology and geology; in fact, I contributed to one of...
Effects of Preferred and Nonpreferred Warm-Up Music on Exercise Performance.

This study investigated the effects of preferred and non-preferred warm-up music listening conditions on subsequent exercise performance. A total of 12 physically active male and female participant...