cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein synthetic patterns in teratocarcinoma stem cells and mouse embryos at early stages of development.

Abstract The patterns of protein synthesis in teratocarcinoma stem cells (embryonal carcinoma cells) and in mouse embryos at various stages of preimplantation development were studied using SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis with autoradiography. Significant differences were observed in comparisons of embryonal carcinoma cells with isolated inner cell masses (ICMs) or with embryonic cells at earlier stages of development. However, no such differences in the overall pattern of protein synthesis were found when the embryonal carcinoma cells were compared with the embryonic ectoderm (that portion of the ICM which remains after endoderm differentiation). Both synthesize at least one prominent 55,000-dalton protein that is not detected in embryonic cells at earlier stages of development. This protein can thus be used as a biochemical marker of ectoderm formation during embryonic development. The pattern of protein synthesis common to embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic ectoderm is not shared by other cultured cell types.
An analytic representation for the quasi-normal modes of Kerr black holes

The gravitational quasi-normal frequencies of both stationary and rotating black holes are calculated by constructing exact eigensolutions to the radiative boundary-value problem of Chandrasekhar and Detweiler. The method is that employed by Jaffe in his determination of the electronic spectra of the hydrogen molecule ion in 1934, and analytic representations of the quasi-normal mode wavefunctions are presented here for the first time. Numerical solution of Jaffe’s characteristic equation indicates that for each l -pole there is an infinite number of damped Schwarzschild quasi-normal modes. The real parts of the corresponding frequencies are bounded, but the imaginary parts are not. Figures are presented that illustrate the trajectories the five least-damped of these frequencies trace in the complex frequency plane as the angular momentum of the black hole increases from zero to near the Kerr limit of maximum angular momentum per unit mass, a = M , where there is a coalescence of the more highly damped frequencies to the purely real value of the critical frequency for superradiant scattering.
Aharonov-Bohm phase as quantum gate in two-electron charge qubits

We analyze the dynamics of a ground state two-level system built on the spatial distribution of the system wave function and designed to be well-separated from the remainder of the state space. With a total of two operative electrons on a planar array of quantum dots coupled capacitively to a set of external voltage gates, the system is modeled using an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian. The voltage dependence of the low-energy singlet and triplet states is analyzed, respectively, using the Feshbach formalism. Coherent operation of the array is studied with respect to single quantum bit operations. One quantum gate is implemented via voltage controls, while for the necessary second quantum gate, a uniform external magnetic field is introduced. The Aharonov-Bohm phases on the closed loop tunnel connections in the array are used to effectively suppress the tunneling, despite a constant tunneling amplitude in the structure. This allows one to completely stall the qubit in any arbitrary quantum superposition, providing full control of this interesting quantum system.
An Assessment of School System and Mass Media Sources of Information on the Relationships of Generalized Exchange Perceptions to Voter Support for Public Education

ABSTRACT Support for school taxes is difficult to obtain. Many voters are without public school students, have little contact with schools, and depend on mass media for information. Prior research indicates perceptions affecting voter support include: (1) community benefits of public schools, (2) system performance, (3) tax equity and (4) social responsibility. Using data from a survey of registered voters with 184 respondents without children in public schools, this paper assesses the impact of school system versus mass media sources of information on the relationship of these perceptions and to willingness to support a tax increase. Overall, findings support a performance-based, equity model of generalized exchange independent of either information source.
Allograft coronary artery disease: clinical correlations with circulating anti-HLA antibodies and the immunohistopathologic pattern of vascular rejection.

Despite advances in immunosuppression over the past ten years, the overall longevity of the cardiac allograft has only minimally increased. The average allograft half-life has increased only 6 months (8.8 years to 9.4 years) between the time periods of 1986–1990 and 1991–1997.1 The single major cause of allograft loss after one year remains allograft coronary artery disease (ACAD).1 This entire issue of the Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation is devoted to the potential etiologic factors as well as the clinical manifestations of ACAD. Traditionally, the immune response to allotransplantation has been divided into the cellular (T-cell) and humoral (B-cell) processes. While it is likely that both processes are activated and ongoing simultaneously in most allograft recipients, patients who appear to have a predominately humoral process have been reported to have worse long-term outcomes.2–10 Patients developing circulating anti-HLA antibodies or the immunohistopathologic pattern of vascular rejection early after cardiac transplantation have demonstrated poorer survival and increased risk for the development of ACAD.4–10
Quantum criticality at the Chern-to-normal insulator transition

Using the noncommutative Kubo formula for aperiodic solids and a recently developed numerical implementation, we study the conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$ tensors as functions of Fermi level ${E}_{F}$ and temperature $T$ for models of strongly disordered Chern insulators. The formalism enabled us to converge the transport coefficients at temperatures low enough to enter the quantum critical regime at the Chern-to-trivial insulator transition. We find that the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xx}$ curves at different temperatures intersect each other at one single critical point, and that they obey a single-parameter scaling law with an exponent close to the universally accepted value for the unitary symmetry class. However, when compared with the established experimental facts on the plateau-insulator transition in the integer quantum Hall effect, we find a universal critical conductance ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xx}^{c}$ twice as large, an ellipse rather than a semicircle law, and absence of the quantized Hall insulator phase.
Increased interactive format for Morbidity & Mortality conference improves educational value and enhances confidence.

Objectives The Mortality and Morbidity (M&M) conference is a staple of surgical training programs. With reduced resident work hours, maximizing limited educational opportunities has become essential. We attempted to determine whether increasing the perceived educational value in M&M conference is associated with enhanced confidence levels in the future. We analyzed which features of M&M case reviews are associated with greater perceived educational value and enhanced confidence to deal with similar future clinical scenarios. Design Educational process variables were prospectively collected for 47 consecutive cases reviewed over a 16-week period at a single institution’s surgical M&M conference. General surgery residents completed self-reporting surveys rating the educational value of cases and impact on confidence in managing similar future clinical situations. Univariate regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis were calculated to study the relationship between various process variables and perceived educational and confidence values surveyed by residents. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Participants General surgery residents PGY1 to PGY5. Results Increased perceived educational value was associated with increased confidence (p Conclusions These data demonstrate that audience interaction, not directed questioning of the presenter, may improve surgical resident perceived educational value and confidence in managing problems discussed at M&M. These data suggest that M&M moderators can play a central role in maximizing audience interaction and improve the educational value of this important conference.
Sodium channels in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibres.

SODIUM channels are essential for normal impulse conduction in the heart and are a major target for the therapeutic action of antiarrhythmic drugs. However, these channels have not been well studied due to the difficulty of measuring cardiac sodium currents under voltage clamp. Previous efforts have not been generally accepted because of doubts about the adequacy of voltage control1–8. The absence of direct information on cardiac sodium channels is unfortunate as evidence exists suggesting that they differ significantly from sodium channels in other excitable membranes. First, blockade of sodium-dependent impulses in heart requires tetrodotoxin (TTX) at 103–104 times greater concentrations than in nerve or skeletal muscle9. Second, the effect of TTX in heart appears to be voltage-dependent10, unlike its action on sodium currents in other excitable cells11,12. These findings raise the possibility that cardiac sodium channels may have novel structural properties. Further progress depends on the development of reliable measures of sodium current in the heart itself. We report here voltage-clamp recordings of sodium currents in rabbit Purkinje fibres satisfying a number of criteria for adequate voltage control. The experiments indicate the feasibility of characterising sodium channels in an intact mammalian cardiac preparation and open the way for the direct analysis of antiarrhythmic drug action on cardiac conducting tissue.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate modulates the immune response in the uterus, cervix and placenta in a mouse model of preterm birth.

Objective. These studies sought to determine whether a progestational agent, specifically medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) prevents inflammation-induced preterm birth, in a mouse model, through modulation of the host immune response.Study design. Using an established mouse model of inflammation-induced preterm birth, the activation of the immune response in maternal serum, uterus, cervix and placenta was assessed. In addition, the ability of MPA to modulate this response was investigated. Message RNA and protein expression were assessed by quantitative PCR and ELISAs respectively.Results. Intrauterine inflammation promotes a significant up-regulation of both TH1 and TH2 mediators in all tissues studies though the response is divergent by time and tissue studied. MPA significantly differentially regulates this immune response in the uterus, cervix and placenta.Conclusions. In the setting of inflammation-induced preterm birth, the host immune response is activated and not limited to a traditional TH1 bias....
Changing the Guard: Private Prisons and the Control of Crime

Alexander Tabarrok (Ed.) Oakland, CA, The Independent Institute, 2003, 242 pp., $19.95 paperback ISBN 0-945999-87-9 In 1984, Hamilton County (Chattanooga), Tennessee, plagued with glaring deficienc...
An Extension of Semantic Space.

An exploratory study was performed to identify new dimensions of connotative meaning. Six factors were hypothesized in addition to the traditional Evaluation, Potency, and Activity. The results indicate that from the items chosen to identify these potential factors four clear and relatively independent dimensions emerged. These are Density, Orderliness, Reality, and Familiarity. The existence and relative independence of these new factors and of the original three were confirmed by two replications. The results are briefly discussed in terms of work remaining to be done in this area.
Create Culturally Authentic Christmas and Greeting Cards

Authentic pictures or drawings from the target culture provide the illustrations for Christmas and greeting cards teachers and students can make. New copy machines make copies hardly distinguishable from the original. They can reduce an easily made original to an excellent copy—on card stock if desired. Students of any age, but especially young bilingual-bicultural students enjoy coloring the illustrations in vivid, authentic hues. The finished cards prove so attractive that students find them easy to sell to support language club projects. However, perhaps the greatest strength derives from the excitement language students feel creating something that is valued by family and friends, and that reflects another dimension of the target culture.
Linolexamide (N-cyclohexyl linoleamide) in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits.

Summary Linolexamide ( N -cyclohexyl linoleamide) has been fed to rabbits maintained on an atherogenic regimen (2 % cholesterol in 6 % corn oil fed for 2 months). At a dosage of 300 mg/day, linolexamide significantly reduces liver and serum cholesterol levels, but has no effect upon atheromata. Linolexamide in doses of 600 or 900 mg/day significantly reduces liver and serum cholesterol levels and atheromata. The effects of the two higher dosages of linolexamide are similar, suggesting that there is no benefit in dosages in excess of 600 mg/day.
Physical localization and order of genes in the class I region of the bovine MHC

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were used to order 16 bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) clones containing loci from the bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) class I and III regions of bovine chromosome 23 (BTA23). Fourteen of these BACs were assigned to chromosomal band locations of mitotic and pachytene chromosomes by single- and dual-colour FISH. Dual-colour FISH confirmed that class II DYA is proximal to and separated from BoLA class I genes by approximately three chromosome bands. The FISH results showed that tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70.1) and 21 steroid dehydrogenase (CYP21) are closely linked in the region of BTA23 band 22 along with BoLA class I genes, and that male enhanced antigen (MEA) mapped between DYA and the CYP21/TNFA/HSP70.1 gene region. All BAC clones containing BoLA class I genes mapped distal to CYP21/TNFA/HSP70.1 and centromeric to prolactin (PRL). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was shown to be imbedded within the BoLA class I gene cluster. The cytogenetic data confirmed that the disrupted distribution of BoLA genes is most likely the result of a single large chromosomal inversion. Similar FISH results were obtained when BoLA DYA and class I BAC clones were mapped to discrete chromosomal locations on the BTA homologue in white-tailed deer, suggesting that this chromosomal inversion predates divergence of the advanced ruminant families from a common ancestor.
On the classification of commutator ideals

Abstract We compute the K -theory of the commutator ideals associated with almost periodic Toeplitz operators and use the K 0 -group to classify these ideals.
The Pharmacology and Toxicology of 'Valmid' (Ethinamate, Lilly)

Abstract 'Valmid' is a new short acting nonbarbiturate, namely, ethinylcydohexyl car- bamic acid ester. The hypnotic dose, acute toxicity, and duration of action have been observed in mice, rats, and dogs. The action of this compound has been observed in dogs, recording the blood pressure and respiration. The cause of death was found to be respiratory failure. The antidote was found to be picrotoxin or artificial respiration. The subacute toxicity was also determined orally in rats and dogs.
Isolation and characterization of a soluble, immunoactive peptide of glial fibrillary acidic protein

Abstract A soluble immunoactive peptide with a molecular weight of 16 000 was isolated and purified from the cyanogen bromide digest of the insoluble 50 000 dalton glial fibrillary acidic protein by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration followed by DEAE-Bio-gel A chromatography. The homogeneity of the peptide was established by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The peptide from several species showed immunocrossreaction with rabbit antibody to intact glial fibrillary acidic protein. The peptide has a p I value of 5.32. The amino acid sequence of 28 residues from the amino terminus of the calf peptide has been determined.
Minimum dynamic response for a class of simply supported beam shapes

Abstract The problem involves a simply supported beam of constant total mass with a cross-section varying along the length and loaded four different ways (point impulse at the centre, uniformly distributed impulse along the length and again these two loads applied at t = 0 but persisting). It is desired to find the minimum-maximum dynamic deflection at the centre o the beam as a function of the cross-sectional variation. For this purpose the cross-section is written as a one-parameter family of shapes (perturbed from a uniform shape), and the parameter is varied to find the min-max displacement. The results are presented in tabular form for the four forces and for three different types of constraints on the cross-sectional variation. The maximum effect (a deflection of the variable section beam 32·7 per cent less than for the uniform beam) occurs for a cross-section of circular or rectangular ( b h = const ) shape, loaded by a central point impulse.
Combustion aerosol scavenging

Abstract As an aerosol ages, the larger particles may scavenge smaller particles in the system. Here we study the scavenging of combustion aerosols by larger particles with a relatively high critical supersaturation. Combustion particles are not composed of pure elemental carbon particles which would be hydrophobic, but rather are composed of mixed soluble and insoluble materials. In this experiment the aerosol's soluble fraction was enhanced through the addition of a small amount of ethyl disulfide to the original fuel. Measurements are made of scavenging rates for the combustion aerosols by the larger particles using the changes which the combustion particles induce in the scavengers when deposition occurs. The presence of the small combustion particle dramatically lowers the critical supersaturation of the composite particle, and this allows the differentiation between the large pure particles and those which have collected a small one. The scavenging is found to occur at faster rates than those predicted by Brownian scavenging theory. The mixed particles resulting from scavenging behave as large inert particles with point activation sites on their surfaces.
Determination of dissolved manganese(II) in coastal and estuarine waters by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry

Abstract A method for the determination of dissolved manganese(II) in seawater utilizing cathodic stripping voltammetry on a rotating glassy carbon disk electrode is presented which is suitable for coastal and estuarine waters. The technique was accurate to within 2% in measuring manganese concentrations in CASS-3 Nearshore Seawater Reference Material, and manganese values determined on Narragansett Bay samples by this technique and by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy were in close agreement. Analytical conditions involve an oxidative deposition at a potential of +0.75 V and a pH of 8.5, followed by cathodic stripping in the differential pulse mode with a pulse modulation amplitude of 100 mV and a scan rate of 20 mV s −1 . The sensitivity is 11 nA nM −1 min −1 , and the detection limit 6 nM. This technique can be used to examine organic complexation of manganese, as it measures kinetically labile inorganic species, while Mn-organic chelates such as MnEDTA 2− are inert. A preliminary examination of South San Francisco Bay water, however, found no evidence of organic complexation of manganese.
Hemangioma of the umbilical cord mimicking an omphalocele

A hemangioma of the umbilical cord was misdiagnosed as an omphalocele both antenatally and immediately after birth. The girl was full term and had no other anomalies. Complete resection, including an intraabdominal component, was performed on the first day of life. This rare anomaly and its possible pitfalls are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
Managing Calcium Channel Blocker‐Related Peripheral Edema

A69-year-old woman was referred to the hypertension clinic with refractory stage 2 hypertension. She had been taking a diuretic for 20 years. Mild pedal edema occurred a year previously but had gotten worse following prescription of nifedipine 2 months before the initial hypertension clinic visit. The patient denied exertional dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. She complained of dry mouth and fatigue. Past medical history included transient ischemic attacks with a normal brain computed tomography scan and echocardiogram, hemiparkinsonism with a right-sided tremor, and hypothyroidism. Both of the patient’s parents, her two brothers, and her two sisters had hypertension. Medications at the time of her first hypertension clinic visit were levothyroxine 0.075 mg q.d., pramipexole dihydrochloride 1.5 mg t.i.d., clonidine 0.3 mg t.i.d., clopidogrel 75 mg q.d., losartan 50 mg b.i.d., amantadine 100 mg b.i.d., nifedipine extended release 30 mg q.d., and furosemide 40 mg q.d. Blood pressure (BP) was 184/92 mm Hg in both arms supine and 168/94 mm Hg in the left arm standing. Creatinine was 1.2 mg/ dL (normal range 0.7–1.3 mg/dL), potassium 4.0 mEq/ L (normal range 3.5–5.0 mEq/L), thyroid-stimulating hormone 3.3 IU/mL (normal range 0.4–4.0 IU/mL), and urinalysis was negative for protein. Twenty-fourhour urine collections for vanilmandelic acid, catecholamine, and metanephrine were normal. Initial hypertension clinic plans were to switch the furosemide to chlorthalidone 25 mg q.d. and to wean her from clonidine. Fatigue and dry mouth resolved, but pedal edema continued to be bothersome; a followup BP was 144/94 mm Hg. She refused to try a β blocker due to fear of alopecia. Nifedipine was changed to diltiazem extended release 120 mg q.d., and when seen in the hypertension clinic about 6 weeks later, her pedal edema had resolved and BP was 132/82 mm Hg.
A Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow. I: Pure Snow

Abstract We present a method for calculating the spectral albedo of snow which can be used at any wavelength in the solar spectrum and which accounts for diffusely or directly incident radiation at any zenith angle. For deep snow, the model contains only one adjustable parameter, an effective grain size, which is close to observed grain sizes. A second parameter, the liquid-equivalent depth, is required only for relatively thin snow. In order for the model to make realistic predictions, it must account for the extreme anisotropy of scattering by snow particles. This is done by using the “delta-Eddington” approximation for multiple scattering, together with Mie theory for single scattering. The spectral albedo from 0.3 to 5 μm wavelength is examined as a function of the effective grain size, the solar zenith angle, the snowpack thickness, and the ratio of diffuse to direct solar incidence. The decrease in albedo due to snow aging can be mimicked by reasonable increases in grain size (50–100 μm for new snow...
Retrograde amnesia in the chick: Resistance to the reminder effect

Abstract Retrograde amnesia (RA) for learned peck-suppression in chicks was produced by flurothyl (CF 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CF 3 ). In Experiment 1 (N = 154), RA 24 hr after strong flurothyl treatment was demonstrated by a retention test that served also as a reminder of the suppression training; a second retention test 24 hr later showed no reminder-induced restoration of memory. In Experiments 2, 3, and 4 (N = 728), moderate flurothyl treatment was used and the reminder was delayed for 2 hr after the 24-hr retention test; a second retention test 24 hr later indicated a weak, variable reminder effect. This is interpreted as reflecting the cumulation of two sub-threshold engrams, the first resulting from partial consolidation of the original training and the second resulting from information input of the reminder treatment. By this interpretation, restoration of learned performance by a reminder occurs when the two cumulated sub-threshold engrams exceed the threshold for retrieval. The reminder effect supports the argument that RA treatments are often incomplete and leave a weak engram that confounds interpretation of RA experiments.
Dinuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes containing large, redox-active, aromatic bridging ligands: synthesis, characterization, and intramolecular quenching of MLCT excited states.

Two new ruthenium(II) polypyridyl dimers containing the large planar aromatic bridging ligands 9,11,20,22-tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2-a:2‘3‘-c:3‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-l:2‘ ‘‘,3‘ ‘‘-n]pentacene (tatpp) and 9,11,20,22-tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2-a:2‘3‘-c:3‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-l:2‘ ‘‘,3‘ ‘‘-n]pentacene-10,21-quinone (tatpq) have been synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, MALDI mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. The electronic properties (UV−vis, redox, photophysical) of these dimers are analyzed in the context of orbital calculations (PM3 level) on the bridging ligands. A localized orbital model is proposed in which low-lying acceptor orbitals on the center portion of the ligands effectively quench the Ru(II)-based MLCT emission via a mechanism that can be viewed as intramolecular electron transfer to specific subunits of the bridges.
The adsorption and reaction of adenine nucleotides on montmorillonite.

The binding of AMP to Zn2+-montmorillonite was investigated in the presence of buffers and salts. Good's buffers, piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonate) [PIPES] and morpholine-N-2-ethanesulfonate [MES], perturbed the exchangeable cations to a lesser extent (only 9% of Zn2+ displaced by 0.2 M buffer) than was observed with imidazole and lutidine buffers or NaCl and KCl salts (up to 80% of Zn2+ displaced). AMP adsorption isotherms measured in the presence of 0.2 M PIPES, MES or Na2SO4 exhibited normal Langmuir-type behavior. The adsorption coefficient, KL, is 3-fold greater in the presence of HEPES or PIPES than it is in the absence of buffers. Basal spacings measured by X-ray diffraction for Zn2+-montmorillonite are 13 and 15 A in the presence of PIPES, while a value of 12.8 A was determined in the absence of PIPES. These data are interpreted in a model in which the adsorption of AMP is mediated by a Zn2+ complex of PIPES in different orientations in the interlamellar region of the montmorillonite.
Near—perfect hashing of large word sets

This article presents a procedure for constructing a near-perfect hashing function. The procedure, which is a modification of Cichelli's algorithm, builds the near-perfect hashing function sufficiently fast to allow larger word sets to be used than were previously possible. The improved procedure is the result of examining the original algorithm for the causes of its sluggish performance and then modifying them. In doing so an attempt was made to preserve the basic simplicity of th original algorithm. The improved performance comes at the expense of more storage. The six modifications used to improve performance are explained in detail and experimental results are given for word sets of varying sizes.
Transcriptional regulation of bone and joint remodeling by NFAT

Osteoporosis and arthritis are highly prevalent diseases and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases result from aberrant tissue remodeling leading to weak, fracture-prone bones or painful, dysfunctional joints. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor family controls diverse biologic processes in vertebrates. Here, we review the scientific evidence that links NFAT-regulated gene transcription to bone and joint pathology. A particular emphasis is placed on the role of NFATs in bone resorption and formation by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. In addition, emerging data that connect NFATs with cartilage biology, angiogenesis, nociception, and neurogenic inflammation are explored. The goal of this article is to highlight the importance of tissue remodeling in musculoskeletal disease and situate NFAT-driven cellular responses within this context to inspire future research endeavors.
Inter-Active Region Connection of Sympathetic Flaring on 2000 February 17

We have analyzed high-resolution Ha full disk data from Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO); magnetograph and EUV data from the Michelson Doppler Imager, Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph, and Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on board SOHO; and Yohkoh soft X-ray data of 2000 February 17. Two sympathetic M-class solar —ares erupted in succession in NOAA Active Region 8869 and 8872, respectively. The eruption from AR 8872 was followed by an extremely symmetric halo coronal mass ejection (CME). We demonstrate the loop activation, which appears to be the consequence of the —rst —are in AR 8869 and the cause of the second —are in AR 8872. The activation started in the form of a surge just after a —lament eruption and its associated —are in AR 8869. The surge quickly turned into a set of disturbances that propagated at a speed of about 80 km s~1 toward the other active region AR 8872. The second —are followed in less than an hour after the arrival of the disturbances at AR 8872. The moving disturbances appeared in absorption in both Ha and EUV 195 The Ae images. disturbances may represent mass transfer, which had a signi—cant velocity component perpendicular to the —eld lines and, hence, caused the transport of —eld lines. In this case, the disturbances may be considered to be a special kind of surge, which we may call a ii sweeping closed-loop surge.ˇˇ We also demonstrated large area dimmings associated with the CME in three active regions. The dimming started from AR 8869 and AR 8872 and was extended to AR 8870, which was on the opposite side of the solar equator. We believe that both the activation of inter-active region loops and the large-scale dimming are the signatures of large-scale restructuring associated with the CME.
Shotgun collision-induced dissociation of peptides using a time of flight mass analyzer

Parallel collision-induced dissociation (CID) of peptides rather than serial, as is customary, results in loss of the obvious parent-fragment ion lineage available from CID on a single ion. We report proof-of-principle results suggesting the feasibility of parallel peptide CID, referred to here as shotgun CID, for protein identification when using the measured mass accuracies available from a time of flight mass analyzer and currently available search routines such as SEQUEST. Additionally, we report that parent-fragment ion lineage may be reconstructed from information encoded in the chromatographic single ion current traces of peptides.
Beta-galactosidase and selective neutrality

Three hypotheses to explain the amino acid composition of proteins are inconsistent (P congruent to 10(-9) with the experimental data for beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The exceptional length of this protein, 1021 residues, permits rigorous tests of these hypotheses without complication from statistical artifacts. Either this protein is not at compositional equilibrium, which is unlikely from knowledge about other proteins, or the evolution of this protein and its coding gene have not been selectively neutral. However, the composition of approximately 60 percent of the molecule is consistent with either a selectively neutral or nonneutral evolutionary process.
Pay Factors as Predictors to Satisfaction: A Comparison of Reinforcement, Equity, and Expectancy

A comparison of pay variables suggested by reinforcement, expectancy, and equity theories as predictors to a measure of global satisfaction is presented. Equity and expectancy variables provided pr...
A Structural Determinant That Renders Gαi Sensitive to Activation by GIV/Girdin Is Required to Promote Cell Migration

Although several non-receptor activators of heterotrimeric G proteins have been identified, the structural features of G proteins that determine their interaction with such activators and the subsequent biological effects are poorly understood. Here we investigated the structural determinants in Gαi3 necessary for its regulation by GIV/girdin, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Gαi subunits. Using G protein activity and in vitro pulldown assays we demonstrate that Gαi3 is a better substrate for GIV than the highly homologous Gαo. We identified Trp-258 in the Gαi subunit as a novel structural determinant for GIV binding by comparing GIV binding to Gαi3/Gαo chimeras. Mutation of Trp-258 to the corresponding Phe in Gαo decreased GIV binding in vitro and in cultured cells but did not perturb interaction with other Gα-binding partners, i.e. Gβγ, AGS3 (a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor), GAIP/RGS19 (a GTPase-activating protein), and LPAR1 (a G protein-coupled receptor). Activation of Gαi3 by GIV was also dramatically reduced when Trp-258 was replaced with Tyr, Leu, Ser, His, Asp, or Ala, highlighting that Trp is required for maximal activation. Moreover, when mutant Gαi3 W258F was expressed in HeLa cells they failed to undergo cell migration and to enhance Akt signaling after growth factor or G protein-coupled receptor stimulation. Thus activation of Gαi3 by GIV is essential for biological functions associated with Gαi3 activation. In conclusion, we have discovered a novel structural determinant on Gαi that plays a key role in defining the selectivity and efficiency of the GEF activity of GIV on Gαi and that represents an attractive target site for designing small molecules to disrupt the Gαi-GIV interface for therapeutic purposes.
THE EDUCATION OF THE HEALTH ADMINISTRATOR

THE EDUCATION of the health administrator is a subject of much interest, and one to which many have given considerable thought. A proper consideration of the matter will take cognizance of the quality of man best suited to the work; what his training should be; the information he should have and of what his work will consist. There are many kinds of administrative health positions, and therefore many kinds of health administrators; let us consider the one which is most common, and the one in which the members of this Institute are probably most interested, namely, the position of health officer of a city or town.
Political Ruptures and Organized Labor: Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, 1916–1922

How do organized workers take advantage of political transitions to gain ground for their movements, and conversely, in what ways do these transitions shape workers' tactics and agendas? This essay compares popular responses to political opportunities in three countries in the throes of deep crises. Exploring the routes to divergent outcomes from a common juncture during and after the First World War draws attention to the possibilities of and constraints on working-class imprints on constitutional development.
CENTRALIZERS IN DOMAINS OF GELFAND-KIRILLOV DIMENSION 2

Given an affine domain of Gelfand–Kirillov dimension 2 over an algebraically closed field, it is shown that the centralizer of any non-scalar element of this domain is a commutative domain of Gelfand–Kirillov dimension 1 whenever the domain is not polynomial identity. It is shown that the maximal subfields of the quotient division ring of a finitely graded Goldie algebra of Gelfand–Kirillov dimension 2 over a field F all have transcendence degree 1 over F. Finally, centralizers of elements in a finitely graded Goldie domain of Gelfand–Kirillov dimension 2 over an algebraically closed field are considered. In this case, it is shown that the centralizer of a non-scalar element is an affine commutative domain of Gelfand–Kirillov dimension 1. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 16P90.
Optimal estimation of scalar seismic moment

Summary. For any seismic source specified by a frequency-dependent moment-rate tensor M(ω), we define the total moment MT(ω) =||M||/2 and the isotropic moment MI(ω) =|trM|/6. A method is presented for estimating these scalar seismic moments from noisy seismic data when the source mechanism is uncertain or completely unknown. Our formulation exploits the linear relation between squared moment M2 (total or isotropic) and the product of two seismic spectra; in a particular frequency band, an estimate M2 is constructed as a linear combination of power and cross-spectra integrated across the band. The coefficients yielding an exact estimate from perfect data are the solution to a linear system of equations involving spectral integrals of the transfer functions that relate M to the seismograms. The failure to solve this system exactly induces an error in M2 whose statistics can be calculated from a likelihood function for the source mechanism, which we model using the hyperspherical normal distribution and its Gaussian approximation and generalizations. We also develop expressions for the bias and variance induced in M2 by ambient seismic noise and by transfer-function errors due to aspherical heterogeneity. To optimize the estimate, the coefficients specifying M2 are computed by minimizing a non-negative-definite quadratic form constructed from these statistics. We have applied the method to IDA records of the deep-focus Honshu earthquake of 1978 March 7 and the shallow-focus Oaxaca earthquake of 1978 November 29. For each event, estimates of MT have been obtained with good precision over disjunct 1-mHz bands spanning the frequency interval 1—11mHz; their relative standard deviations range from 10 to 22 per cent. Our best estimate of MT averaged over the entire 1–11mHz interval is 0.43 ± 1027 dyne cm for Honshu and 2.8 ± 1027 dyne cm for Oaxaca. The isotropic component of the Oaxaca event, as measured by the ratio, is negligibly small (< 0.1). In the case of Honshu, however, this ratio averages about 0.34; all six estimates at frequencies greater than 5 mHz are significantly greater than zero at the 90 per cent confidence level, and four of the six are significant at the 95 per cent level. This observation lends credence to the conjecture made previously by seismologists that isotropic compression accompanies some deep-focus earthquakes.
Analysis of an access control mechanism for data traffic in an integrated voice/data wireless CDMA system

Mandayam and Boltzman (see MILCOM'95, San Diego, California, 1995) studied an access protocol for short data messages in an integrated voice/data CDMA system. It was assumed that voice traffic had priority and was less tolerant to delay than data traffic. Hence, the transmission of data traffic could be controlled to guarantee acceptable quality of service for voice. The data messages were of short duration and as a result, closed loop power control for them was not possible. The access protocol considered was an extension of a proposal by Viterbi (see Communications & Cryptography, p.42, 1994), which was for data-only systems. A slotted system was considered for data. At the end of every slot, the base station would control the transmission of data users by increasing/decreasing data permission probability. Measured QoS for voice was the criterion. An approximate model wherein a one-dimensional Markov chain of just the persistence state was considered and solved explicitly. Imperfect power control for voice was accounted for. In this work, the protocol is studied in greater detail. Stability of the protocol is investigated and critical data load values developed. The results also show that at high data loads additional admission control such as limited retries will be necessary to maintain stability. Simulation results show good agreement with the analysis, in the desirable operating regions.
Buyer-supplier games: optimization over the core

In a buyer-supplier game, a special type of assignment game, a distinguished player, called the buyer, wishes to purchase some combinatorial structure. A set of players, called suppliers, offer various components of the structure for sale. Any combinatorial minimization problem can be transformed into a buyer-supplier game. While most previous work has been concerned with characterizing the core of buyer-supplier games, in this paper we study optimization over the set of core vectors. We give a polynomial time algorithm for optimizing over the core of any buyer-supplier game for which the underlying minimization problem is solvable in polynomial time. In addition, we show that it is hard to determine whether a given vector belongs to the core if the base minimization problem is not solvable in polynomial time. Finally, we introduce and study the concept of focus point price, which answers the question: If we are constrained to play in equilibrium, how much can we lose by playing the wrong equilibrium?.
Lipophagic panniculitis of childhood

The cases of three patients with an atrophic lipophagic granulomatous lipoatrophy are described and compared with 14 similar cases in the literature. In affected children erythematous lesions of the arms and legs usually occur, after which subcutaneous atrophy develops. Fever and edema are common, The histologic feature is a replacement of the fat lobule by lipophagic histiocytes and giant cells. No vasculitis or phlebitis is present. Previously, such cases have been called Weber-Christian disease or Rothmann-Makai syndrome, but they are best characterized by the distinctive clinical lesions, the course, and histologic findings. Corticosteroids apparently have been effective in some patients.
Experimental and theoretical studies of the reaction of atomic hydrogen with silane

Article on experimental and theoretical studies of the reaction of atomic hydrogen with silane.
Syndrome d'Asperger chez l'enfant : à propos de quatre observations

Resume Introduction – Le syndrome d'Asperger est un trouble envahissant du developpement recemment inclus dans les classifications internationales. Observations – Nous avons observe quatre enfants presentant ce syndrome. Pour chaque patient, nous avons collecte les antecedents, le deroulement du developpement psychomoteur ; nous avons realise un bilan neuropsychologique et un enregistrement video. Un electroencephalogramme (EEG) a ete effectue chez trois patients et un a eu une imagerie par resonance magnetique (IRM) cerebrale. Resultats – L'âge des patients etait compris entre dix et seize ans. Leur evaluation neuropsychologique montrait un fonctionnement intellectuel heterogene avec trois fois sur quatre une dissociation entre le niveau verbal eleve et le niveau non-verbal altere. Leur langage apparaissait sophistique, parfois apragmatique, avec une comprehension peu flexible. Ces enfants etaient aussi genes par des obsessions, des phobies et des troubles de l'attention. Le diagnostic de syndrome d'Asperger n'a ete pose qu'a un âge moyen de dix ans. L'evolution a ete marquee par une amelioration de la sociabilite et de l'autonomie. Cependant, tous etaient conscients de leur difference et en souffraient. Conclusion – Ces quatre cas permettent une presentation du syndrome d'Asperger encore trop peu connu en France. Des etudes collaboratives et des etudes genetiques sont necessaires pour ameliorer la connaissance de ce syndrome.
Culture and Movements

Thirty years ago, social movement scholars treated culture as just so much noise in structuralist theories of mobilization. Since then, they have become highly attuned to cultural processes, probing how people come to interpret their grievances as political, how culture sets the terms of strategic action, and when movements succeed in changing the rules of the institutional game. The result has been better theories of movements' emergence and impacts but also important insights into culture. In particular, movement analyses have shed light on two questions that have long exercised sociologists of culture. How does culture constrain practical action? Under what conditions does culture serve not to reproduce the status quo but to challenge it? After a brief review of movement scholars' evolving perspectives on culture, the article focuses on movement studies that have contributed to theorizing broader dynamics of cultural innovation and constraint.
Visualization of lesion transmurality and depth of necrosis using an ablation catheter that incorporates ultrasound imaging: A small step or a major leap forward on the road to a more durable catheter ablation procedure for treatment of atrial fibrillation?

d t t d t Percutaneous catheter ablation has revolutionized the care of patients with atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary vein isolation has become the cornerstone of most ablation procedures for the treatment of atrial fibrillation following the observation by Haissaguerre et al that pulmonary veins were a frequent source of ectopic beats initiating atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary vein isolation may be combined with linear ablation or ablation of other targets for treatment of persistent or longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary vein electrical reconnection to the left atrium is not uncommon and may be the primary reason for procedure failure among patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary vein reconnections also have been demonstrated to be important triggers in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing repeat ablation. Recovery of conuction across linear ablation lesions is also likely to play a ole in procedure failure among patients with persistent trial fibrillation. With current technology, some tissue that is ablated recovers electrical activity. Any technology that could safely increase the probability that ablated tissue would remain ablated would be an important contribution. One reason for recovery of electrical activity may be that the original ablation lesion may not have produced transmural necrosis and subsequent scar. In this issue of Heart Rhythm, Wright et al report the results of an important ody of work that attempts to address this issue. In this roundbreaking piece of work, Wright et al designed and ested novel ablation catheters and electrodes that incorpoate ultrasound into the catheter tip for visualization of esion formation. The authors effectively demonstrated that n ablation catheter incorporating ultrasound visualization f lesion depth can accurately predict lesion transmurality
Scattering Properties of Dense Random Packings of Hard Spheres

Dense random packings of hard spheres are used as structural models for amorphous metallic solids. These describe the short range atomic order in a number of amorphous metallic binary alloys. Results are presented of a calculation of the structure factor, dark-field and interference contrast from two such models. These models consist of 7928 and 1000 atoms clusters. It is shown that these models contain structural anisotropy similar to the models used for amorphous semiconductors. Also, the scattering properties of these models are in qualitative accord with transmission electron microscopy observations. Zur Beschreibung der Struktur eines amorphen metallischen Festkorpers wird ein Modell von zufallig dicht gepackten harten Kugeln verwendet. Mit diesem Modell kann die Nahordnung der Atome in einer Anzahl von binaren metallischen Legierungen gut beschrieben werden. Berechnungen des Formfaktors sowie des Dunkelfeld- und Interferenzkontrastes werden fur zwei solcher Modelle mitgeteilt. Diese beiden Modelle bestehen aus Clustern von 7928 bzw. 1000 Atomen. Es wird gezeigt, das in diesen Modellen Strukturanisotropien bestehen, die den fur amorphe Halbleiter verwendeten Modellen gleichen. Die Streueigen-schaften dieser Modelle stimmen qualitativ mit den Beobachtungen im Transmissions-elektronenmikroskop uberein.