cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining Multiracial Pride, Identity-Based Challenges, and Discrimination: An Exploratory Investigation Among Biracial Emerging Adults

This study investigated the main and interactive effects of identity-based challenges, discrimination, and Multiracial pride on psychological distress in Biracial emerging adults. Additionally, we examined whether these associations may differ by Biracial sub-group (e.g., black–white, Asian–white, Latinx–white, and minority–minority) given their unique racial experiences. Participants were 326 Biracial emerging adults (Mage = 19.57 years old; 75.2% female) recruited from three public universities in the United States for an online survey. For all Biracial groups, identity-based challenges were associated with greater psychological distress. After testing a series of competing multi-group regression models, results indicated that the relations between distress and our predictors: identity-based challenges, discrimination, and Multiracial pride do indeed differ across Biracial sub-group. The most apparent and unique differences were displayed by the black–white Biracial sub-group. These findings highlight identity-based challenges as a unique risk in the Biracial population and suggest that a principled comparison between Biracial sub-groups is necessary to tease apart group-specific associations between these constructs and psychological distress.
Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Characterization and Outcome Assessment of Mixed Aortic Valve Disease Phenotypes

Abstract Objectives The aims of this study were to characterize the interplay between mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD) phenotypes (defined by concomitant severities of aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation) and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS), and to assess the prognostic utility of LV-GLS in MAVD. Background Little is known about the way LV-GLS separates MAVD phenotypes and if it is associated with their outcomes. Methods This observational cohort study evaluated 783 consecutive adult patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% and MAVD, which was defined as coexisting with at least moderate aortic stenosis and at least moderate aortic regurgitation. We measured the conventional echocardiographic variables and average LV-GLS from apical long, 2- and 4-chamber views. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results Mean age of patients was 69 ± 15 years, and 58% were male. Mean LV-GLS was –14.7 ± 2.9%. In total, 458 patients (59%) underwent aortic valve replacement at a median period of 50 days (25th to 75th percentile range: 6 to 560 days). During a median follow-up period of 5.6 years (25th to 75th percentile range: 1.8 to 9.4 years), 391 patients (50%) died. When stratified patients into tertiles according to LV-GLS values, patients with worse LV-GLS had worse outcomes (p Conclusions LV-GLS is associated with all-cause mortality. LV-GLS may be useful for risk stratification in patients with MAVD.
The Logical Paradoxes

By the use of the method of abstracts one might be tempted to form the expression $$x\backslash x \in x$$ (A) and assume that this expression specified or determined a class, namely the class of things which are members of themselves. Given this expression, it would be possible also to construct the abstract $$x\backslash \sim .x \in x$$ (B) supposing that this abstract specified the class of things which are not members of themselves. Since classes are the sorts of things which have members one would suppose that, in application of the previous rule of abstractor-substitution, the names of classes would be appropriately substituted for the abstracted variables of (A) and (B).
A Method for the Analysis of Patterns, Illustrated with Data on Mother-Child Instructional Interaction

Psychologists have long debated philosophies of science and appropriate approaches to the analysis of behavior (Altman & Rogoff, in press; Mishler, 1981). Some approaches stress the importance of examining noninferential aspects of individual characteristics or behavior, with the hope that the meaning of the data will become clear as the field amasses sufficient data. Other approaches stress that one must attend to the meaning of human actions and to do so requires attending to how individuals function as part of larger contexts. From this perspective, human actions are intricately interwoven with the context of performance; psychological events derive from human actions in context.
Reconceiving Civil Protection Orders for Domestic Violence: Can Law Help End the Abuse Without Ending the Relationship?

Civil protection orders, also known as restraining orders, are the most commonly used legal remedy for domestic violence. To members of the general public, as well as many lawyers, judges, and scholars, protection orders are synonymous with "stay-away" orders, which are designed to protect the victim by ending her relationship with the abuser. The overwhelming majority of civil protection orders for domestic violence take this form. However, there is another type of protection order, one that is currently prohibited in some jurisdictions, underutilized in others, and largely ignored in discussions of domestic violence law. Unlike a stay-away order, these orders prohibit abuse but permit ongoing contact between the parties. Protection orders permitting ongoing contact are a valuable option for many women who are unwilling to leave their relationships and therefore would not seek a stay-away order. By customizing each order to express the victim's preferences for how much and what kinds of contact should be allowed, these orders can put the force of law behind the individual woman's choices. Through the use of careful screening mechanisms and other safeguards, this system can advance women's safety. While not all battered women would be suitable candidates for protection orders permitting ongoing contact, many would benefit from the availability of a legally enforceable order that requires an end to the violence without requiring an end to the relationship.
The Impact of Range-Dependent Sediment Properties on the Acoustic Field in 2-D Shallow Water Environments

Abstract : The goal of this research is to understand the effects of range-dependent sediment properties on the acoustic field in 2-D shallow water environments. This information, in part, is required to solve the statistical inference problem in inhomogeneous shallow water environments. The spatio-temporal variability of the water column needs to be properly accounted for while looking for the effect of range-dependent sediment properties on the acoustic field. The objective of the current work is to create a high-fidelity model of the water column along a single propagation track for the Shallow Water 2006 (SW06) experiment. The water column model is constructed from oceanographic data measured at moorings located along the acoustic propagation track. The water column model describes oceanographic features on several space-time scales, including those ranging from frontal boundaries to nonlinear internal waves. The purpose of the water column model is to reduce the mismatch between measured and modeled acoustic data so that other propagation effects, such as range-dependent sediment properties can be investigated in the future.
New Controller Designs for Robot Manipulator Systems

Several different controllers for robot manipulator systems based on the general adaptive control theory using Lyapunov direct method are designed. Simplicities and/or complexities of these designs are described by simulation to indicate the relative importance and advantage of each design with respect to the others. A way of improving the transient response and convergence speed of a multivariable system in conjunction with this controller is established.
Internalizing social costs in power plant siting: some examples for coal and nuclear plants in the United States

Selected aspects of the United States experience in one particular type of energy development project, the siting of nuclear and fossil fueled power generating facilities, are examined in terms of how well community-level impacts are internalized. New institutional arrangements being devised and new requirements being made at local, state, regional, and federal levels in response to these dissociations of cost and benefits from large energy development projects are discussed. Selected examples of these new institutional responses are analyzed for adequacy and significance.
Minimax Design of Constrained Parabolic Systems

This paper relates to minimax control design problems for a class of parabolic systems with nonregular boundary conditions and uncertain distributed perturbations under pointwise control and state constraints. The main attention is paid to the Dirichlet boundary control that offers the lowest regularity properties. Our variational analysis is based on well-posed multistep approximations and involves the solving of constrained optimal control problems for ODE and PDE systems. The design procedure essentially employs monotonicity properties of the parabolic dynamics and its asymptotics on the infinite horizon. Finally we justify a suboptimal three-positional structure of feedback boundary controllers and provide calculations of their optimal parameters that ensure the required system performance and robust stability under any admissible perturbations.
Academic Freedom: International Realities and Challenges

Academic freedom is a central value of higher education. It affects the academic profession in all aspects of academic work. Yet, academic freedom is rarely discussed in the context of the changes taking place in higher education in the current period. The concept is defined in a historical and comparative framework, and the challenges facing academic freedom around the world are discussed.
Examining the accuracy of Space Shuttle support loads using probabilistic analysis techniques

In order to understand unexpectedly erratic load measurements in the launch-pad supports for the space shuttle, the sensitivities of the load cells in the supports were analyzed using simple probabilistic techniques. NASA engineers use the loads in the shuttle's supports to calculate critical stresses in the shuttle vehicle just before lift-off. The support loads are measured with 'load cells' which are actually structural components of the mobile launch platform (MLP) which have been instrumented with strain gauges. Although these load cells adequately measure vertical loads, the horizontal load measurements have been erratic. The load measurements were simulated in this study using Monte Carlo simulation procedures. The simulation studies showed that the support loads are sensitive to small deviations in strain and calibration. In their current configuration, the load cells will not measure loads with sufficient accuracy to reliably calculate stresses in the shuttle vehicle.
Transitions from Analog to Digital Computing in Electric Power Systems

Before World War II electric utilities adopted analog computing apparatus for various power system calculations and controls, but many made a slow transition to digital computing for particular problems after the war. During a period of heightened interest in the high-tech, real-time data management and application challenges of increasingly complex power networks, users looked for both explicit and inherent capabilities in computing machines. This article examines why power companies embraced the "old"' for many years before turning to the "new"' for economy loading, a persistent and increasingly important concern.
Mass Media and Personal Influences on Adolescent Consumer Learning

In order to better understand the consumer socialization process, questionnaires were administered to some 607 middle and high school adolescents to examine the development of consumption--related skills, knowledge and attitudes. Criterion variables included brand knowledge, price accuracy, consumer affairs knowledge, and consumer role perceptions.
Some metabolic aspects of tolerance to bacterial endotoxin.

Berry, L. Joe (Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.), and Dorothy S. Smythe. Some metabolic aspects of tolerance to bacterial endotoxin. J. Bacteriol. 90:970–977. 1965.—The tolerance to bacterial endotoxins which is produced in mice given a series of daily injections of heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium failed to occur when actinomycin D was administered with the heat-killed cells. Neither ethionine nor 2-thiouracil, when given with endotoxin, altered the development of tolerance. An injection of endotoxin, actinomycin D, or ethionine lowered the activity of the liver enzyme tryptophan pyrrolase more significantly at either 4 or 17 hr postinjection in normal mice than in tolerant mice. Similarly, an injection of either saccharated iron oxide or Thorotrast lowered liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity more extensively in normal than in tolerant animals. Activation of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of tolerant mice, as determined by an accelerated rate of carbon clearance from the blood, was observed, but this was prevented by the appropriate dose of actinomycin D. Similar results were obtained when saccharated iron oxide, rather than endotoxin, was used to activate the RES, but these animals were not resistant to endotoxin and their tryptophan pyrrolase was normally diminished after an injection of endotoxin. Thus, RES activation may occur without tolerance developing. A more nearly normal level of enzyme activity appears to be characteristic of the tolerant state.
ATP5A1 and ATP5B are highly expressed in glioblastoma tumor cells and endothelial cells of microvascular proliferation

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Microvascular proliferation is one of the characteristic pathologic features of GBM. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GBM. In this study, microvascular proliferation from GBM and normal brain blood vessels were laser microdissected and total RNA was isolated from these microvasculatures. The difference of mRNA expression profiles among GBM microvasculature, normal brain blood vessels and GBM tumor cells was evaluated by mitochondria and metabolism PCR gene arrays. It was found that the mRNA levels of ATP5A1 and ATP5B in GBM tumor cells as well as microvascular proliferation were significantly higher compared with normal brain blood vessels. Immunohistochemical stains with anti-ATP5A1 antibody or anti-ATP5B antibody were performed on tissue microarray, which demonstrated strongly positive expression of ATP5A1 and ATP5B in GBM tumor cells and GBM microvascular proliferation while normal blood vessels were negative. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets for GBM and other cancers, genomic DNA alterations (mutation, amplification or deletion) were less likely the reason for the high expression of ATP5A1 and ATP5B in GBM. Our miRNA microarray data showed that miRNAs that target ATP5A1 or ATP5B were down-regulated, which might be the most likely reason for the high expression of ATP5A1 and ATP5B in GBM tumor cells and microvascular proliferation. These findings help us better understand the pathogenesis of GBM, and agents against ATP5A1 and/or ATP5B might effectively kill both tumor cells and microvascular proliferation in GBM. MiRNAs, such as Let-7f, miR-16, miR-23, miR-100 and miR-101, that target ATP5A1 or ATP5B, might be potential therapeutic agents for GBM.
Immunohistochemical localization of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor and calbindin D28k in human and rat pancreas

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is required for normal glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells. Biochemical characterization techniques have demonstrated the presence o...
Monitoring electric vehicle performance

The third generation of electric vehicles are under development. Electric vehicle performance is still being verified by monitoring and testing the latest advances in technology. The performance of electric vehicles are measured by many different parameters. The type and accuracy of sensors that are available for measuring vehicle performance has improved with time. Modern testing equipment varies from indicator lights to automated computer data acquisition systems. The design of the data acquisition system depends on the evaluation to be preformed. There are four types of data collection and storage systems being used on vehicles: display, recording, processing and integrated systems. These are briefly outlined. The authors then discuss the components of a data acquisition system, the measurable parameters, and system considerations.
Asymptotics of functions satisfying the γ-weak inequality with applications to uniformly bounded representations

Abstract Let G be a real reductive group of class H , and π a uniformly bounded representation of G on a Hilbert space having infinitesimal character. We then show that the K-finite matrix elements of π decay “exponentially” on G provided that the infinitesimal character of π is in general position. Further we show that π is infinitesimally equivalent to a subquotient of a cuspidal principal series representation πQ,ω,ν where ν belongs to a tube domain defined by ϱQ. These facts follow from the asymptotics of functions satisfying the γ-weak inequality.
Electron spin resonance characterization of the anion radicals of singly, doubly, and triply reduced C60 in liquid solutions

Abstract The results of ESR studies as a function of temperature in liquid solution for several anion radicals of C60−n (n = 1, 2, and 3), in the solvents benzonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran are reported and discussed. The anion radicals are prepared by electrochemical reduction techniques which allow the preparation of samples which contain, quantitatively, the desired anionic species. Generally, the ESR lineshapes and linewidths of the mono- and tri-anions are dependent upon the solvent. Whereas, the linewidths are independent or weakly dependent upon temperature. The g-values are solvent dependent but show no temperature dependence in the range studied. The ESR studies in liquid solution were performed to provide insight into previously reported ESR studies in frozen solution which found the ESR linewidths and lineshapes strongly dependent upon both solvent and temperature. These latter phenomena are interpreted in terms of external fields due to the frozen matrix which cause the partial removal of the expected three-fold orbital degeneracy of the C60 anion radicals. The liquid solution ESR studies were performed to answer the question of whether there are also internal factors which contribute to the partial removal of the degeneracy or whether it is entirely external in nature.
Empirical valence bond simulations of the chemical mechanism of ATP to cAMP conversion by anthrax edema factor.

The two-metal catalysis by the adenylyl cyclase domain of the anthrax edema factor toxin was simulated using the empirical valence bond (EVB) quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach. These calculations considered the energetics of the nucleophile deprotonation and the formation of a new P–O bond in aqueous solution and in the enzyme–substrate complex present in the crystal structure models of the reactant and product states of the reaction. Our calculations support a reaction pathway that involves metal-assisted transfer of a proton from the nucleophile to the bulk aqueous solution followed by subsequent formation of an unstable pentavalent intermediate that decomposes into cAMP and pyrophosphate (PPi). This pathway involves ligand exchange in the first solvation sphere of the catalytic metal. At 12.9 kcal/mol, the barrier for the last step of the reaction, the cleavage of the P–O bond to PPi, corresponds to the highest point on the free energy profile for this reaction pathway. However, this ene...
Jahi McMath and the Ethics of the Brain Death Standard

How does one account for “the discrepancy” between the evidence of total and irreversible brain death and the current evidence of recovered brain function? This is the question that is raised by recent legal action in the case of 13-year old Jahi McMath, certified dead on the basis of neurological criteria but maintained in mechanical ventilation and medical/nursing care since then at the insistence of the parents who claim she is alive. In this brief discussion, the medical and legal issues are reviewed. Here the argument is advanced that this is not a case that means there should be a re-evaluation of the neurological criteria for determination of brain death. Instead, this case is to be understood as the exception that proves the rule. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v5i3.21533 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014; 5(3):18-22
Effect of Estradiol-17β on Vaginal Thermal Conductance in Cattle

Abstract With a new self-retaining heat flow probe, thermal conductance of the vagina of four Jersey heifers and one Angus-Holstein crossbres heifer was measured for 1 to 2h before and 4 to 5h after an intravenous injection of 3mg estradiol-17 β . In three control experiments, only the injectate vehicle of absolute ethyl alcohol was given, Estradiol-17 β increased vaginal thermal conductance whereas no change occurred in control experiments. The estradiol-induced rise in vaginal thermal conductance appeared to result from an increase in rate of vaginal blood flow.
The infra-red absorption spectra of carbonate in calcified tissues

Infra-red absorption spectra of calcified tissues have been obtained in the region 5–15 μ, using potassium bromide and mineral oil as suspending media. A method of preparing the specimens as powders is described. It was found that whereas the absorption bands of a pure carbonate mineral (calcite) showed the expected inverse relation of absorption to particle size, no such relation was observed for bone, and only limited relation was observed with enamel. Thus at very small particle sizes the intensity of the v3 and v2 modes of carbonate in these substances was not consistent with the amount of CO2 present. Studies of Na2CO3 in KBr as mechanical and fused mixtures revealed that in the mechanical mixture the out of plane mode near 11.5 μ (v2) consisted of a single peak, but in the fused mixture two separate peaks were seen indicating that the CO3−− ion was present in two different environments. When powdered enamel, dentine and bone were examined in the same region using high resolution, it was found that two absorption bands were also present, one at 11.38 μ and one at 11.45 μ. Annealing studies of enamel have revealed that three bands apparently arise from CO stretching modes of the carbonate ion at 6.5, 6.9 and 7.1 μ. During the annealing process the bands at 6.5, 6.9 and 11.38 μ become more intense. In view of the known vibrational characteristics of the carbonate ion these findings lead to the conclusion that in the calcified tissues this ion is present in two nonequivalent sites.
Iron assimilation in plants: reduction of a ferriphytosiderophore by NADH:nitrate reductase from squash

NADH:nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) from squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch., cv. Buttercup) can catalyze the reduction of a ferriphytosiderophore from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Europa). Maximal activity occurs at pH 6, with an apparentKm andVmax of 76 μM and 21 nmol·min-1·(mg protein)-1, respectively. The ferriphytosiderophore strongly inhibits nitrate reduction catalyzed by nitrate reductase at the optimal pH for nitrate reduction, i.e. 7.5. On the contrary, nitrate is a poor inhibitor of ferriphytosiderophore reduction catalyzed by nitrate reductase at the optimal pH for this reaction, pH 6.0. Thus, squash has the potential to assimilate the iron from a ferriphytosiderophore synthesized by another plant.
Contributions to climate studies from four years of hyperspectral data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), launched on the EOS Aqua spacecraft on May 4, 2002, has been in routine operations since late August 2002. In this paper we analyze the first four years of AIRS Level 1B data (calibrated radiances) from September 1, 2002 through August 31, 2006 for stability and accuracy of the radiometric and spectral calibration. Both are key to linking the AIRS record to previous and future instruments. The analysis shows that the AIRS absolute radiometric accuracy is better than 200 mK with a stability of better than 10 mK/year. Both upper limits are due to the difficulty of finding ground truth data of sufficient quality. The instantaneous knowledge of the channel frequencies is better than 1 ppmf. Compared to the nominal frequency set adopted in September 2002, AIRS channel frequencies are slowly shifting to higher frequencies at the rate of about 1 ppmf/year. The term "ppmf" means "parts per million in frequency". For all but the most critical climate applications, using the nominal frequency set is sufficient for the radiative transfer code used in atmospheric parameter retrievals.
A Vanishing Lesion

A 62-year-old man with acute coronary syndrome and triple-vessel disease underwent uneventful robotic coronary bypass with right internal mammary artery graft to the ramus intermedius branch and left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Two days later,
Authorship Attribution under the Rules of Evidence: Empirical Approaches in a Layperson's Legal System

All documentary evidence admitted at trial must be authenticated, i.e. it must be demonstrated that the document is ‘what its proponent claims’ it to be. For authorship attribution, this means that it can be demonstrated that the document in question has or has not been authored by a specific person. Among the different methodologies addressing this question of ‘who wrote it,’ those practiced by law enforcement specialists are often not scientifically reasoned, tested nor empirically sound. Further problematic, the legal standards necessary to support a showing of authentication defers to the layperson’s ability to evaluate the sufficiency of a given technique. In this paper, I will discuss, analyze and pit a survey of current authorship attribution techniques against authentication and expert testimony standards. I will then discuss, through a recent case example, what can go wrong when law enforcement specialists are allowed to testify to the lay jury.
Agricultural Opportunity and Marriage: The United States at the Turn of the Century

This article focuses on the marriage behavior of rural white males in the United States at the turn of the century. The principal goal of the analysis is to assess the role of agricultural opportunity in determining nuptial timing and prevalence. The major issue addressed is whether restricted opportunity in farming retarded entry into marriage. Overall, the findings suggest that rural young men were less likely to enter marriage when local opportunity in agriculture was poor. One mechanism through which the local opportunity structure influenced nuptiality was occupational choice. Young men who entered nonagricultural pursuits or who were employed as farm laborers were far less likely to have married than young men who became farmers.
Analysis of Liquid-Phase Chemical Detection Using Guided Shear Horizontal-Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors

Direct chemical sensing in liquid environments using polymer-guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave sensor platforms on 36° rotated Y-cut LiTaO3 is investigated. Design considerations for optimizing these devices for liquid-phase detection are systematically explored. Two different sensor geometries are experimentally and theoretically analyzed. Dual delay line devices are used with a reference line coated with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a sensing line coated with a chemically sensitive polymer, which acts as both a guiding layer and a sensing layer or with a PMMA waveguide and a chemically sensitive polymer. Results show the three-layer model provides higher sensitivity than the four-layer model. Contributions from mass loading and coating viscoelasticity changes to the sensor response are evaluated, taking into account the added mass, swelling, and plasticization. Chemically sensitive polymers are investigated in the detection of low concentrations (1−60 ppm) of toluene, ethylbenzene, ...
Wide-plate crack-arrest tests utilizing prototypical and degraded (simulated) pressure vessel steels☆

Abstract Sixteen wide-plate crack-arrest tests have been completed, ten utilizing specimens fabricated from A533B class 1 material and six fabricated from a low-upper-shelf base material. Each test utilized a single-edge notched specimen that was subjected to a linear thermal gradient along the plane of crack propagation. Test results exhibit an increase in crack-arrest toughness ( K 1a ) with temperature, with the rate of increase becoming greater as the temperature increases. When the wide-plate test results are compared with other large-specimen results, the data show a consistent trend in which the K 1a data extend above the limit provided in ASME Section XI.
Flexible patient information search and retrieval framework: pilot implementation

Medical centers collect and store significant amount of valuable data pertaining to patients' visit in the form of medical free-text. In addition, standardized diagnosis codes (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification: ICD9-CM) related to those dictated reports are usually available. In this work, we have created a framework where image searches could be initiated through a combination of free-text reports as well as ICD9 codes. This framework enables more comprehensive search on existing large sets of patient data in a systematic way. The free text search is enriched by computer-aided inclusion of additional search terms enhanced by a thesaurus. This combination of enriched search allows users to access to a larger set of relevant results from a patient-centric PACS in a simpler way. Therefore, such framework is of particular use in tasks such as gathering images for desired patient populations, building disease models, and so on. As the motivating application of our framework, we implemented a search engine. This search engine processed two years of patient data from the OSU Medical Center's Information Warehouse and identified lung nodule location information using a combination of UMLS Meta-Thesaurus enhanced text report searches along with ICD9 code searches on patients that have been discharged. Five different queries with various ICD9 codes involving lung cancer were carried out on 172552 cases. Each search was completed under a minute on average per ICD9 code and the inclusion of UMLS thesaurus increased the number of relevant cases by 45% on average.
Achievement Motive of Four-Year-Olds and Maternal Achievement Expectancies

The relationship between achievement motive, as measured by tendency to resume a challenging task, and maternal expectancies regarding achievement was tested in a sample of 80 four-year-olds. Results indicated that the number, magnitude, and direction of relationship differed according to sex and social class variables. Boys and girls in the lower class tended to exhibit higher achievement motive when the mother indicated moderate, rather than extreme, expectancies. In the upper class, girls had higher achievement motive when mothers believed in early training for achievement and expressed controlling attitudes, while higher achievement motives in boys were associated with late ages for achievement-inducing. Reasons for differential conditioning effect of sex and social class are discussed.
Implications of EGFR inhibition in ovarian cancer cell proliferation

Abstract Objectives Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is one of the four members of the Human Epidermal Receptor (HER) family and is over-expressed in multiple malignancies. EGFR over-expression in ovarian cancer has been associated with poor prognosis. Targeted inhibition of EGFR via its tyrosine kinase domain is a successful treatment in lung cancer. Our objective was to correlate EGFR over-expression and growth inhibition, by EGF receptor inhibitors, in ovarian cancer. Materials and methods HER expression in nine epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and one lung cancer cell line was determined by Western blot analysis. EGFR phosphorylation sites were analyzed and DNA sequencing was performed. Cell proliferation assays were performed in the presence of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, and the EGFR monoclonal antibody, cetuximab. Inhibitory concentrations of 50% of these therapies were determined and compared across all cell lines. The lung cancer cell line, HCC827, was used as a control. Results Four of nine (44%) ovarian cancer cell lines and the control lung cancer cell line expressed EGFR. These same cell lines showed a common phosphorylated residue at position 992, while other residues were variably phosphorylated. All but one cell line expressed at least one HER family member. Mutational analysis of the ovarian cancer cell lines showed no mutations in EGFR exons 18–21. Cell proliferation assays using gefitinib and cetuximab showed minimal response in the ovarian cancer cell lines when compared to the control HCC827, but relative sensitivity compared to the one cell line that had no HER family expression. Conclusions Ovarian cancer cell lines show variable expression of activated EGFR. EGFR inhibition alone, in ovarian tumors that lack a tyrosine kinase mutation or over-express EGFR is unlikely to result in clinical response.
Isoflurane posttreatment reduces brain injury after an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in mice.

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke subtype affecting 120,000 Americans annually. Of those affected, 40%to 50% will die within the first 30 days, whereas the survivors are left with a lifetime of neurobehavioral disabilities. Recently, it has been shown that volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane can reduce brain injury after an ischemic stroke. As a result, in this study, we investigated the effects of isoflurane as a posttreatment therapeutic modality in ICH-injured mice. Specifically, we investigated whether isoflurane posttreatment can preserve the structural integrity of the brain by reducing apoptotic damage and, in turn, improve functional outcome by amelioration of brain edema and neurobehavioral deficits. Methods Male CD1 mice (n = 53) were divided into the following groups: sham (n = 14), ICH (n = 14), ICH treated with 1.5% isoflurane posttreatment for 1 hour (n = 15), and ICH treated with 1.5% isoflurane posttreatment for 2 hours (n = 10). The blood injection ICH model was adapted; this involved extracting autologous blood from the mouse tail and injecting it directly into the right basal ganglia. One hour after surgery, treated mice were placed in a glass chamber maintained at 37°C and infused with 1.5% isoflurane for 1 or 2 hours. At 24 hours postinjury, mice were assessed for neurobehavioral deficits using the Modified Garcia Score and then killed and assessed for brain water content. Double immunofluorescent staining was performed using neuronal marker MAP-2 and TUNEL under a fluorescent microscope to assess for apoptosis. Results Our results indicated that after 1-hour 1.5% isoflurane posttreatment, there was a significant reduction in brain edema, a decrease in apoptotic cell death, and a significant improvement in neurobehavioral deficits. Conclusions Our results suggest that isoflurane may be an effective posttreatment therapeutic option for ICH because of its ability to reduce structural damage and subsequently preserve functional integrity.
Spontaneous stellate ganglion nerve activity and ventricular arrhythmia in a canine model of sudden death

Background Little information is available on the temporal relationship between instantaneous sympathetic nerve activity and ventricular arrhythmia in ambulatory animals. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if increased sympathetic nerve activity precedes the onset of ventricular arrhythmia. Methods Simultaneous continuous long-term recording of left stellate ganglion (LSG) nerve activity and electrocardiography was performed in eight dogs with nerve growth factor infusion to the LSG, atrioventricular block, and myocardial infarction (experimental group) and in six normal dogs (control group). Results LSG nerve activity included low-amplitude burst discharge activity (LABDA) and high-amplitude spike discharge activity (HASDA). Both LABDA and HASDA accelerated heart rate. In the experimental group, most ventricular tachycardia (86.3%) and sudden cardiac death were preceded within 15 seconds by either LABDA or HASDA. The closer to onset of ventricular tachycardia, the higher the nerve activity. The majority of HASDA was followed immediately by either ventricular arrhythmia (21%) or QRS morphology changes (65%). HASDA occurred in a circadian pattern. HASDA occurred twice as often in the experimental group than in the control group. Electrical stimulation of LSG increased transmural heterogeneity of repolarization (Tpeak-end intervals) and induced either ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in the experimental group but not in the control group. Immunohistochemical studies revealed increased synaptogenesis and nerve sprouting in the LSG in the experimental group. Conclusion Two distinct types of LSG nerve activity (HASDA and LABDA) are present in the LSG of ambulatory dogs. The majority of malignant ventricular arrhythmias are preceded by either HASDA or LABDA, with HASDA particularly arrhythmogenic.
Probabilistic slope analysis for structural failure

Abstract A method to estimate the localized probability of slope failure was developed for open pit slopes in fractured rock masses by combining geostatistical modeling techniques with key block analysis. Indicator kriging was employed to create a localized probabilistic cell-block model of joint systems observed in the pit. Key block kinematic analysis of wedge failure was applied to the joint system model and a full probability of slope failure in each cell-block or local area was obtained. Compared to the stochastic simulation of slope failure based on the global sample statistics and the deterministic failure analysis by its mean data, the localized stochastic approach provided much greater resolution in slope stability analysis.
Cardiopulmonary Adjustments During Operant Heart Rate Control

Twenty-three healthy men and women participated in a 5-session experiment in which they attempted to increase and decrease their heart rate with the assistance of visual analogue biofeedback. As a group subjects did successfully raise and lower heart rate from resting baseline. These changes in heart rate were closely paralleled by changes in V, a measure of cardiac vagal tone. Heart rate slowing was associated with increases in V, and heart rate speeding was associated with decreases in V. Respiration rate and amplitude did not differ significantly between heart rate slowing and speeding trials, and covariance analysis indicated that respiratory changes did not account for the heart rate or V effects. The weighted coherence between respiration and heart rate showed that cardiopulmonary coupling increased during heart rate slowing and decreased during heart rate speeding. Individual differences in cardiac vagal tone and cardiopulmonary coupling were unrelated to heart rate speeding and slowing performance.
Optimum parting line design of molded and cast parts for manufacturability

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for obtaining an optimal design of a mold tool for an injection molded or a diecast part based on part geometry. The methodology uses multiobjective function criteria. It considers how parting line complexity, draw depth, number of undercuts, number of unique side cores, and mold complexity affect manufacturability and cost. The design variables selected for this problem are draw direction range and parting line location. The draw direction range limits possible parting line locations to those not associated with undercuts. These design variables can be extracted from the part geometry by dividing the surfaces into concave and convex regions. The concave and convex regions determine the allowable draw range and parting line location for the part, respectively. A nonlinear programming technique generates the optimal mold configuration solution. This paper presents an example that generates the optimal mold configuration for a typical molded part using the described methodology.
Current Status of Pump Therapy in Childhood

Subcutaneous insulin infusion (SCII) has been shown in adults, but not yet in childhood IDDM, to successfully induce long-term improvement of glycemic control & substrate & counterregulatory hormonal abnormalities. We studied 17 adolescents aged 15- 19 yrs during conventional therapy (A), after 6 wks of intensive monitoring with1–2 insulin injections (B), after1–2 wks (C),1–2 (D),4–5, (E), &6–8 (F) mos, &1–2 yrs of SCII. One girl was unable to tolerate the pump for more than 1 wk. Three boys discontinued SCII after 2 & 3 mos because of interference with sports & inability to adapt, & two girls because of excessive weight gain & return to poor control. A poorly compliant boy died in his sleep after 10 mos of SCII. Four others continued SCII for at least 1 yr, at which time two changed to multiple dose injection regimens. The major decrease in whole blood glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) occurred from A (12.3 ± 1.7%, SD)to B (10.8 ± O.8%, P<01). A further, decrease at C (10.1 ± 1.2%) was less significant (P<0.05). Thereafter, there was a gradual increase to 11.2 ± 1.2% (P=0.02) at D, 11.9 ± 1.6% at E, 11.9 ± 1.7% at F, & 11.5 ± 0.9% at G. The stable GHb followed a similar pattern with a significant decrease from A to B of 11.8 ± 1.6% to 10.2 ± 0.7% (P<0.05), a non-significant decrease at C to 9.5 ± 0.9% at G. The stable GHb followed a similar pattern with a significant decrease from A to B of 11.8± 1.6% to 10.2 ± 0.7% (P<0.05), a non-significant decrease at C to 9.5 ± 1.1% & 9.6% 1.0% at D. At E, F, & G, this rose to 11.9%, 10.3% & 10.7%, respectively, & the means were not different from our clinic population. Mean blood sugars during 24 hr sampling showed similar patterns. 24 hr measurement of glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, FFA, & ketones significantly decreased during C. & D. These were occasionally below age-matched normals. During SCII, there was increased incidence of ketoacidosis & some initial problems with infection. Many patients were unable to comply with the rigorous monitoring demands to make SCII safe & effective. Our data do not support the widespread use of SCII in adolescents, unless they unusual maturity & motivation.
Propagation of quantum optical fields under the conditions of multi-photon resonances in a coherent atomic vapor

We investigate weak optical probe pulse propagation in a resonant Lambda and N-interaction schemes, and investigate the role of the four-wave mixing on classical and quantum properties of the probe field. In particular, we focus our attention on two configurations. In the first case we take into account the off-resonant coupling of the strong field to the signal field ground state. Such configuration is relevant for EIT-based slow light and quantum memory. In the second configuration the additional control field is derived from an independent laser, and it is tuned to a different optical resonance from the ones forming an original Lambda system. Such interaction scheme allows realization of tunable slow and fast light, and was considered with regards to enhancement of optical gyroscopes performance. We demonstrate that in both cases the four-wave mixing (FWM) has a profound effect on signal field group velocity and absorption profile, and may even lead to gain. We present both semi-classical and fully quantum treatments for propagation of both signal and newly generated Stokes fields that include accurate description of their quantum noise. In particular, we analyze the case of a quadrature-squeezed signal field, and demonstrate that vacuum fluctuations of the Stokes field couple into the signal field through the FWM process and degrades the squeezing. The severity of this degradation grows with optical depths of an atomic medium, setting an additional practical limits for the experiments.
The digital animation of literary journalism

Since The New York Times published Snow Fall in 2012, media organizations have produced a growing body of similar work characterized by the purposeful integration of multimedia into long-form journalism. In this article, we argue that just as the literary journalists of the 1960s attempted to write the nonfiction equivalent of the great American novel, journalists of the 2010s are using digital tools to animate literary journalism techniques. To evaluate whether this emerging genre represents a new era of literary journalism and to what extent it incorporates new techniques of journalistic storytelling, we analyze 50 long-form multimedia journalism packages published online from August 2012 to December 2013. We argue that this new wave of literary journalism is characterized by executing literary techniques through multiple media and represents a gateway to linear storytelling in the hypertextual environment of the Web.
Methods of sedation for auditory brainstem response testing

Young children and those who are mentally impaired frequently require sedation to attain accurate results when testing for auditory brainstem response (ABR). There have been no previous studies of appropriate methods of sedation, and there is no consensus on pharmacotherapy, monitoring equipment, facilities, or personnel necessary for safe and effective ABR testing. To obtain a national census of current practice, we sent a survey to 149 free-standing children's hospitals in the US. A prospective study was also conducted to assess the effects of sedation utilized to perform ABR testing at The Children's Hospital of Alabama. Oral chloral hydrate (50 mg/kg) was administered for sedation in an outpatient setting with a registered nurse and audiologist present, while vital signs, skin color, and oxygen saturation were continuously monitored. The cost of testing in an audiology or other outpatient suite was compared with the cost of performing the study in the operating room. Results of the survey illustrated the present lack of national uniformity in sedation administered, as well as various problems and complications encountered with such testing. We found that 50 mg/kg chloral hydrate administered in this setting is safe and effective for children requiring sedation for audiologic testing. Further, the ability to perform ABR's in an outpatient suite in a monitored setting is more cost-effective than testing in the operating room.
What Has Happened to the Laws? The Treatment of Legal Material in 4QReworked Pentateuch

The biblical or non-biblical nature of the manuscripts currently identified as 4QReworked Pentateuch (4Q158; 4Q364–67) has been the subject of much scholarly discussion. This paper addresses a facet of those texts which has unfortunately been ignored in most of those discussions, namely their treatment of the legal material in the Pentateuch. An examination of the surviving legal portions of 4QReworked Pentateuch, manuscript by manuscript, indicates that much greater freedom is shown in handling the laws than in any known pentateuchal textual tradition. We find that laws are omitted from their original locations in the Pentateuch, and, almost without exception, do not reappear in a new location. There also appears to be almost no exegetical reworking of the laws. We conclude that we should not presume that the 4QRP texts included the entire Pentateuch, and that their omission of legal material should probably lead us to characterize some, if not all, of them as non-biblical.