cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Skin-interfaced wireless wearables for physiological monitoring: Applications in syndromic tracking of COVID19

Skin-interfaced wireless wearables for physiological monitoring: Applications in syndromic tracking of COVID19
HYPER: Group testing via hypergraph factorization applied to COVID-19

Large scale screening is a critical tool in the life sciences, but is often limited by reagents, samples, or cost. An important challenge in screening has recently manifested in the ongoing effort to achieve widespread testing for individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the face of substantial resource constraints. Group testing methods utilize constrained testing resources more efficiently by pooling specimens together, potentially allowing larger populations to be screened with fewer tests. A key challenge in group testing is to design an effective pooling strategy. The global nature of the ongoing pandemic calls for something simple (to aid implementation) and flexible (to tailor for settings with differing needs) that remains efficient. Here we propose HYPER, a new group testing method based on hypergraph factorizations. We provide characterizations under a general theoretical model, and exhaustively evaluate HYPER and proposed alternatives for SARS-CoV-2 screening under realistic simulations of epidemic spread and within-host viral kinetics. We demonstrate that HYPER performs at least as well as other methods in scenarios that are well-suited to each method, while outperforming those methods across a broad range of resource-constrained environments, and being more flexible and simple in design, and taking no expertise to implement. An online tool to implement these designs in the lab is available at http://hyper.covid19-analysis.org.
Relationship between social support, physical symptoms, and depression in women with breast cancer and pain.

Fatigue and pain are common among women with breast cancer, and often related to depressive symptoms. Social support may influence levels of fatigue, pain interference, and depressive symptoms. We tested a theory-based, structural model examining the relationship between social support (i.e., emotional and instrumental) and depressive symptoms via fatigue and pain interference in women with breast cancer. Women (N = 327) with stages I–III breast cancer were enrolled in a randomized trial investigating a behavioral pain intervention. Measures of social support, fatigue, pain interference, and depressive symptoms were completed at enrollment. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test direct and indirect pathways relating social support, fatigue, pain interference, and depressive symptoms. Our model evidenced good fit. Significant direct effects emerged linking higher levels of emotional support with lower levels of fatigue (β = −.30), pain interference (β = −.32), and depressive symptoms (β = −.31). More instrumental support was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms (β = .11), but not fatigue or pain interference. Higher levels of fatigue (β = .30) and pain interference (β = .34) were significantly related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. More emotional support related to less depressive symptoms via lower levels of fatigue (β = −.09) and pain interference (β = −.11). Women reporting higher levels of emotional support endorsed fewer depressive symptoms, and that relationship was driven by lower levels of fatigue and pain interference. Our results highlight novel pathways that healthcare professionals can leverage to optimize social support topics in psychosocial interventions targeting breast cancer symptoms. This model should be replicated using longitudinal data.
The roles of child maltreatment and fathers in the development of substance use in an at-risk sample of youth: A longitudinal study.

Abstract Background Despite ample cross-sectional evidence linking child maltreatment and father involvement to adolescent substance use, little is known about the longitudinal impact of child maltreatment and father involvement in the developmental course of substance use from early adolescence to late adolescence. Objective The primary aim of the study was to examine the long-term effects of childhood maltreatment (i.e., maltreatment type, perpetrator identity) and the quality and quantity of father involvement on developmental trajectories of substance use among high-risk youth. Participants and setting Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Study participants included 681 U.S. adolescents who had experienced or were at risk for child maltreatment. Methods Latent Growth Poisson Modeling was conducted to examine developmental trajectories of substance use at ages 12, 14, 16, and 18. Results Child emotional abuse and greater quantity of father involvement were associated with a higher initial number of substances used, while higher quality of father-child relationships was associated with a lower initial number of substances used. Emotional abuse and greater quantity of father involvement were associated with slower increases in the number of substances used over time. Conclusions The findings suggest that engaging fathers and promoting nurturing parenting and positive parent-adolescent interactions may be important for programs and policies aimed to prevent early adolescent substance use initiation. Furthermore, early identification of emotional abuse among adolescents could help to prevent initial polysubstance use onset.
Putting Things into Context: Rich Explanations for Query Answers using Join Graphs

In many data analysis applications there is a need to explain why a surprising or interesting result was produced by a query. Previous approaches to explaining results have directly or indirectly relied on data provenance, i.e., input tuples contributing to the result(s) of interest. However, some information that is relevant for explaining an answer may not be contained in the provenance. We propose a new approach for explaining query results by augmenting provenance with information from other related tables in the database. Using a suite of optimization techniques, we demonstrate experimentally using real datasets and through a user study that our approach produces meaningful results and is efficient.
Acceptability and effectiveness of a novel cycling training on the parkinsonian motor and psychiatric symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia: A pilot study

BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that high-speed, low-resistance stationary cycling training (termed as speedwork) alleviates motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease. Similar motor symptoms commonly exist in people with schizophrenia (Sz); however, they were neglected in the previous literature. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to evaluate if speedwork could also be used as a strategy to improve parkinsonian motor symptoms in Sz. We aimed 1) to evaluate the adherence and acceptability of speedwork in Sz, 2) to assess test-retest reliability of the motor assessments that are novel to Sz research, 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of speedwork in improving parkinsonian motor, and 4) psychiatric symptoms in Sz. METHODS Ten Sz outpatients with concurrent parkinsonian motor symptoms completed 12 sessions (2 sessions/week) of speedwork training. Participants were evaluated on motor functioning and psychiatric symptom severity twice before (double baseline) and twice after (post-completion and 6-wk follow-up) the speedwork training. RESULTS The adherence to speedwork was high (92 %) and the results of exercise acceptability questionnaire indicate participants found various domains of exercise highly acceptable (overall average 4.49/5). There were improvements in various domains of motor symptoms including, walking speed, functional mobility, static and dynamic balance, and upper extremity motor function after the completion of training (all p < 0.025), with many of these improvements remaining at the 6-wk follow-up. Moreover, there was evidence for improvement in positive psychotic symptoms after the completion of speedwork (p < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Speedwork training could be an acceptable and effective strategy to improve motor and psychiatric symptoms in Sz.
Flow-induced bending deformation of electrospun polymeric filtration membranes using the “leaky” bulge test

Abstract In service, hydraulic flow is usually perpendicular to the plane of electrospun fiber mats for water filtration, inducing an out-of-plane deformation. In this paper, we have investigated the out-of-plane deformation response of wet electrospun polyacrylonitrile fiber mats with distinct average constituent fiber diameters of 232 ± 36 nm, 727 ± 148 nm and 1017 ± 80 nm, but with nominally similar thicknesses and areal densities using the classical bulge testing technique. The resultant pressure-deflection relationships are incompatible with constitutive models for out-of-plane deformation of continuum materials. Rather, the fiber mats exhibited a one-half dependence ( p ∼ h 1 2 ) governed by fiber deflection, and pressure asymptote indicative of steady-state fluid percolation, but influenced by the mats areal densities. In addition, the apparent bending rigidity increased with increasing fiber diameter. In the range tested for fiber mats with average fiber size of 232 nm, increase in mat thickness did not noticeably alter measured rigidities, although evidence of slight increase in pressure asymptote is observed. Cyclic flow rate tests provided evidence of good recoverability as well as minimal topological modifications.
The 1998 Lincoln Laboratory IDS Evaluation

In 1998 (and again in 1999), the Lincoln Laboratory of MIT conducted a comparative evaluation of Intrusion Detection Systems developed under DARPA funding. While this evaluation represents a significant and monumental undertaking, there are a number of unresolved issues associated with its design and execution. Some of methodologies used in the evaluation are questionable and may have biased its results. One of the problems with the evaluation is that the evaluators have published relatively little concerning some of the more critical aspects of their work, such as validation of their test data. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify the shortcomings of the Lincoln Lab effort in the hope that future efforts of this kind will be placed on a sounder footing. Some of the problems that the paper points out might well be resolved if the evaluators publish a detailed description of their procedures and the rationale that led to their adoption, but other problems clearly remain.
A special section for correspondence and controversy

A fantasy about the future might show a world in which the human-centered ethics that now directs the moral and political behavior of most of the people of the industrially powerful democracies has come to dominate the moral thinking of everyone on Earth. This ethics is grounded in a priori principles which, in all cases of conflict or competition, give vital human needs and interests priority over those of every other living thing. The end point of this step-by-step process of preference is the breakdown of the self-sustaining biosystem which nature has perfected. But any ethics is absurd if its practice would cause the breakdown of the biosystem which sustains civilized life. It must be revised or discarded. A new model with an empirical method must replace the old, a priori, human-centered ethics. The new model would treat ethical theories as theories about how people can live in the physical world. When so conceived, a theory of ethics would be confirmed or refuted by the harm or benefit that results when it guides individual and societal behavior. Negatively a theory is mistaken and must be rejected if its practice would jeopardize the health or stability of the Earth's biosystem. Positively and secondarily, it must enable people to satisfy a coherent mix of their conflicting needs and interests. Such an ethics can never be final. Like the theories of science, an ethical theory is always subject to correction as people discard their mistakes and substitute revised theories that work better—that better meet the negative and positive conditions of an acceptable ethical theory.
Preparing preservice teachers for integrating technology into the classroom: role of teacher preparation programs

0 0 1 96 548 WIU 4 1 643 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Classroom technology integration for all levels of school-age students has become the expected norm. This places greater demands on teacher preparation programs to graduate preservice teachers who have proficient technology attitudes and skills, but more importantly the ability to create classrooms in which technology provides new and better ways of teaching and learning. In addition to identifying models for technology education, this study found that digital natives do not necessarily bring advanced technology skills with them and that new teachers are less likely to integrate technology into the classroom than experienced teachers.
Ideas for Development in the Americas, Volume 24: Development Connections: Icts in Latin America

Information and communication technologies (ICT)--cell phones, computers, Internet--hold great promise but greater access alone cannot bring about economic development. This is a major finding of the IDB`s latest edition of its flagship Development in the Americas series titled Development Connections: Unveiling the Impact of New Information Technologies. This edition of IDEA draws on this book to explore what works and doesn`t work in the regional context and to help uncover how to best tap the potential of ICTs for the advancement of Latin America and the Caribbean.
In search of the ideal V.

The ideal normalization parameter for urea and creatinine clearance is not yet known. The best current practices are to normalize urea clearance by anthropometric V, corrected for certain condition...
Spelling and the Phonology of Tense Vowels

Vowel alternations in English governed by Laxing and Vowel Shift rules (e.g., divine, divinity; serene, serenity) are relatively transparent. The alternating vowels are nonreduced, and the alternations are regular. The vowel alternations governed by Tensing, on the other hand, are opaque. The reduced vowel (schwa), for example, alternates with [iy] , [ey], [uw], and [ow] in tensing enivronments (e.g., manager, managerial; Canada, Canadian; Malthus, Malthusian; Newton, Newtonian). Where the vowels in such pairs are both nonreduced, several lax vowels may alternate with a single tense vowel (e.g., [ae], [a], [ ], [e] alternate with [ey] in the tensing environment: Iran, Iranian; Panama, Panamanian; Shaw, Shavian; actuary, actuarial). Furthermore, the tense diphthongs [ay], [aew], [ y] never occur in the tensing environment. These facts plus a strict correlation between the spelling and the pronunciation of the tensed vowels in the output of the Tensing rule suggest a basis for a somewhat abstract analysis of ...
Mature B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Associated Translocations (14;18)(q32;q21) and (8;9)(q24;p13)

Abstract The translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) is most commonly associated with follicular lymphoma but has also been described in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of B-cell origin. Although these ALL cases have had a pre-pre-B, pre-B, or mature B-cell immunophenotype and L2 or L3 morphology, all have been associated with an abnormality of 8q24. In fact, 91% (10 of 11) have been associated with t(8;22) or t(8;14), marker chromosomes for Burkitt-type ALL. The other case was associated with del(8)(q24). Thus, Burkitt-type ALL may have various immunophenotypes and morphology when associated with t(14;18). We describe a case of mature B-cell ALL associated with t(14;18) and t(8;9)(q24;p13). The morphology was suggestive but not entirely characteristic of the L3 subtype. However, on the basis of the cytogenetic findings and the review of the literature, perhaps this case represents a variant of Burkitt-type ALL, which would be important to recognize for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. We describe our find...
In vitro activation of transcription by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax protein.

Abstract The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) regulatory protein Tax activates transcription of the proviral long terminal repeats and a number of cellular promoters. We have developed an in vitro system to characterize the mechanism by which Tax interacts with the host cell transcription machinery. Tax was purified from cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector. Addition of these Tax preparations to nuclear extracts from uninfected human T lymphocytes activated transcription of the HTLV-I long terminal repeat approximately 10-fold. Transcription-stimulatory activity copurified with the immunoreactive 40-kDa Tax polypeptide on gel filtration chromatography, and, as expected, the effect of recombinant Tax was diminished in HTLV-I-infected T-lymphocyte extracts containing endogenous Tax. Tax-mediated transactivation in vivo has been previously shown to require 21-bp-repeat Tax-responsive elements (TxREs) in the promoter DNA. Stimulation of transcription in vitro was also strongly dependent on these sequences. To investigate the mechanism of Tax transactivation, cellular proteins that bind the 21-bp-repeat TxREs were prepared by DNA affinity chromatography. Recombinant Tax markedly increased the formation of a specific host protein-DNA complex detected in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These data suggest that Tax activates transcription through a direct interaction with cellular proteins that bind to the 21-bp-repeat TxREs.
Latin America and the Caribbean: Good News with Many Challenges

Edited text of a presentation made by His Excellency, Jose Miguel Insulza, Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS), at The University of the West Indies St Augustine Campus Distinguished Open Lecture Series, Trinidad and Tobago, 7 th October 2014.
The Communal Coping Model of Pain Catastrophizing in Daily Life: A Within-Couples Daily Diary Study.

Abstract The Communal Coping Model characterizes pain catastrophizing as a coping tactic whereby pain expression elicits assistance and empathic responses from others. Married couples (N = 105 couples; 1 spouse with chronic low back pain) completed electronic daily diary assessments 5 times/day for 14 days. In these diaries, patients reported pain catastrophizing, pain, and function, and perceived spouse support, perceived criticism, and perceived hostility. Non-patient spouses reported on their support, criticism, and hostility directed toward patients, as well as their observations of patient pain and pain behaviors. Hierarchical linear modeling tested concurrent and lagged (3 hours later) relationships. Principal findings included the following: a) within-person increases in pain catastrophizing were positively associated with spouse reports of patient pain behavior in concurrent and lagged analyses; b) within-person increases in pain catastrophizing were positively associated with patient perceptions of spouse support, criticism, and hostility in concurrent analyses; c) within-person increases in pain catastrophizing were negatively associated with spouse reports of criticism and hostility in lagged analyses. Spouses reported patient behaviors that were tied to elevated pain catastrophizing, and spouses changed their behavior during and after elevated pain catastrophizing episodes. Pain catastrophizing may affect the interpersonal environment of patients and spouses in ways consistent with the Communal Coping Model. Perspective Pain catastrophizing may represent a coping response by which individuals’ pain expression leads to assistance or empathic responses from others. Results of the present study support this Communal Coping Model, which emphasizes interpersonal processes by which pain catastrophizing, pain, pain behavior, and responses of significant others are intertwined.
Medication Administration in Nursing Homes: RN Delegation to Unlicensed Assistive Personnel

Medication administration in nursing homes is a complex process that requires careful oversight by registered nurses (RNs) to minimize risks of errors and adverse effects. However, the declining number of RNs in nursing homes requires RNs to delegate some aspects of medication administration to other nursing staff members, including unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Delegating medication administration allows RNs to focus on all aspects of the medication use process, including communicating with physicians about residents' conditions and medication therapy needs as well as assessing and evaluating residents' responses to medication therapy. With a carefully supervised delegation process, UAP should be able to administer medications safely, and RNs can oversee the complex needs of frail, vulnerable nursing home residents.
Can Generalized Self‐Efficacy Overcome the Effects of Workplace Weight Discrimination?

Given that 68% of Americans are overweight or obese, research indicates that weight discrimination occurs in the workplace at each stage of the employment process, from selection to separation. Building from attribution, social exchange, and social cognitive theories, this study explores generalized self-efficacy (GSE) as a moderator to determine if it alters the relationship between perceived weight discrimination (PWD) and the employee attitudes and behaviors of organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment (OC), job satisfaction (JS), and turnover intentions. Using ANOVA and moderated hierarchical regression to analyze the data, it was determined that GSE moderated the relationship between PWD and both OC and JS. Implications for practitioners and researchers are indicated.
Social Networks and Organizations

A review is presented of the book “Social Networks and Organizations,” by Martin Kilduff and Wenpin Tsai.
Inverse relationship between adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in rat lymphocyte populations.

Abstract The levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) were measured in rat lymphoid cell populations. The specific activities of the two enzymes in thymus, lymph node, spleen, and bone marrow were found in inverse proportion to each other. Thy mocytes had the highest ADA activity and the lowest PNP activity, whereas spleen and bone marrow lymphocytes had the lowest ADA activity (six- to sevenfold lower than thymocytes) and the highest PNP activity (fourfold higher than thymocytes). This reciprocal relationship was also found in cells of the T lymphocyte lineage at various stages of differentiation. These results suggest that specific stages of T-cell development may be characterized by the levels of the two enzymes, and that deficiencies of each of these enzymes might affect T cells at separate stages of differentiation.
Maximizing Algal Growth in Batch Reactors Using Sequential Change in Light Intensity

Algal growth requires optimal irradiance. In photobioreactors, optimal light requirements change during the growth cycle. At low culture densities, a high incident light intensity can cause photoinhibition, and in dense algal cultures, light penetration may be limited. Insufficient light supply in concentrated algae suspensions can create zones of dissimilar photon flux density inside the reactor, which can cause suboptimal algal growth. However, growth of dense cultures can also be impaired due to photoinhibition if cells are exposed to excessively high light intensities. In order to simultaneously maintain optimal growth and photon use efficiency, strategies for light supply must be based on cell concentrations in the culture. In this study, a lipid-producing microalgal strain, Neochloris oleoabundans, was grown in batch photobioreactors. Growth rates and biomass concentrations of cultures exposed to constant light were measured and compared with the growth kinetic parameters of cultures grown using sequentially increasing light intensities based on increasing culture densities during batch growth. Our results show that reactors operated under conditions of sequential increase in irradiance levels yield up to a 2-fold higher biomass concentration when compared with reactors grown under constant light without negatively impacting growth rates. In addition, this tailored light supply results in less overall photon use per unit mass of generated cells.
Experimental study of a 28 GHz high-power long-pulse cyclotron autoresonance maser oscillator.

Experimental results of the first efficient operation of a long pulse cyclotron autoresonance maser oscillator are presented. Output power of 1.9 MW for a beam energy of 450 keV and current of 80 A, corresponding to an efficiency of 5.2%, has been measured at 27.8 GHz in the ${\mathrm{TE}}_{11}$ mode of a Bragg resonator. The observed frequency of the cyclotron autoresonance maser emission corresponds to a Doppler unshifted frequency of 2.9 times the relativistic cyclotron frequency. A significant mode competition between the ${\mathrm{TE}}_{11}$ and a ${\mathrm{TM}}_{01}$ mode is present.
TNFα suppresses human colonic circular smooth muscle cell contractility by SP1- and NF-κB-mediated induction of ICAM-1

Background & Aims: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) receptors are expressed at low levels on human colonic circular smooth muscle cells (HCCSMCs) and their expression is increased in patients with Crohn's disease. We investigated the roles of transcription factors Sp1 and nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) in the regulation of ICAM-1 expression on HCCSMCs and examined whether ICAM-1 expression mediates the suppression of contractility in response to TNFα. Methods: Experiments were performed on primary cultures of HCCSMCs and fresh human colonic circular muscle strips. Results: TNFα treatment of HCCSMCs induced rapid and prolonged accumulation of ICAM-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. NF-κB inhibition before, but not after, 1 hour of TNFα-stimulation blocked the expression of ICAM-1. TNFα significantly enhanced Sp1/DNA binding. Sp1 bound to the 3′ flanking region of a variant κB site in the −192/−172 region of ICAM-1 promoter. Mutation of this region abolished the response to TNFα. The treatment of HCCSMCs with Sp1 antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) blocked the expression of ICAM-1, but sense ODNs had no effect. Protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) inhibition before or 3 hours after stimulation with TNFα also blocked the expression of ICAM-1. TNFα treatment of circular muscle strips pretreated with ICAM-1 sense ODNs or control medium significantly reduced their response to acetylcholine, whereas pretreatment with antisense ODNs blocked this effect. Conclusions: The expression of ICAM-1 on HCCSMCs in response to TNFα is regulated by transcription factors Sp1 and NF-κB binding independently to the −192/−172 region of the ICAM-1 promoter. The expression of ICAM-1 plays a critical role in the suppression of cell contractility in response to TNFα.
Biological actions and properties of endothelium-derived nitric oxide formed and released from artery and vein.

Article de synthese traitant de la pharmacologie de l'oxyde nitrique, du facteur EDRF et du GMP cyclique dans les vaisseaux sanguins et les thrombocytes, de l'isolation et de l'identification du facteur EDRF comme de l'oxyde nitrique, et de la formation, de la liberation et du metabolisme de l'endothelium derived NO (EDNO)
Water structure and the chaotropic properties of haloacetates.

Abstract Haloacetates increase the water solubility of various nonelectrolytes and destabilize biomembranes and enzyme complexes. In these respects the action of haloacetates is similar to the effect of the inorganic chaotropes, SCN−, ClO4−, I−, NO3− and Br−. The effect of haloacetates has been studied on the water solubility of 2-methylnaphthoquinone and the destabilization of a multiprotein-lipid complex derived from the mitochondrial inner membrane. In these two systems, haloacetates have the same relative potency, and the results are comparable with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. The chaotropic potencies of the members of the two homologous series, the chloroacetates and the trihaloacetates, were compared with their geometric and electronic structures. Results were analyzed in terms of the general theory of Bockris et al. for salt effects. Both the coulombic and the dispersion terms of the equation of Bockris et al. decrease upon increased chloro substitution or increased size among the trihaloacetates. However, the diminution of the coulombic term is much greater than that of the dispersion term. Consequently, it appears that the chaotropic potency of haloacetates is mainly the result of a decrease in the electrostatic saltingout term. Similar to the difference between inorganic chaotropes and nonchaotropes, the hydration entropies of haloacetates are less negative (ca. 8 eu for trichloroacetate) than that of the acetate ion. Thus, the effect of haloacetates in the above systems appears to be exerted mainly through their action on water structure.
Quality of life after growth hormone therapy and induced puberty in women with Turner syndrome

Objective To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young women with Turner syndrome (TS) after long-term growth hormone (GH) therapy and induced puberty and to analyze whether HRQoL was influenced by auxologic parameters, pubertal development, or subjective parameters. Study design The study group comprised 49 women with TS, mean (standard deviation) age 19.6 (±3.0) years, all former participants of 2 GH studies, ≥6 months after GH discontinuation. Puberty was induced by estrogen treatment, at mean age 12.9 (±1.1) years. HRQoL was measured by self-reports of the 2 generic questionnaires, SF36 and TAAQOL. As an additional source of information on HRQoL, we applied parental proxy reports. Results HRQoL of the women with TS was normal. Remarkably, the women with TS had higher HRQoL scores on some of the scales, including “social functioning” and “role–emotional.” Satisfaction with height and breast development had a positive influence on several HRQoL scales. Conclusions The young women with TS who reached normal height and had age-appropriate pubertal development reported normal HRQoL. The relatively high scores on some of the HRQoL scales can be explained by an estrogen effect or by a possible response shift, indicating a different internal reference in women with TS. We hypothesize that GH and estrogen treatment positively influenced HRQoL in young women with TS.
Electronic-structure studies of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films

We have made in situ photoemission measurements of $a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}$ prepared by dc sputtering in a mixture of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and argon, and by reacting atomic hydrogen with sputtered films of $a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}$. Differences in the hydrogen --- silicon bonding orbitals and the shift of the valence-band edge are discussed. Annealing experiments are presented which show the changes in electronic structure associated with the different silicon --- hydrogen complexes which evolve from the sample as the temperature is raised and the $a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}$ is dehydrogenated. The dominant changes in the electronic structure are attributed to single Si --- H bonds.
Separating long-lived metal ions from 18F during H218O recovery

Abstract Cyclotron targets for the production of [ 18 F]-fluoride usually use a thin metal window to contain the 18 O-enriched water during irradiation. This window is activated by the proton beam, and undesired radioisotopes can enter the target water. A pre-packaged strong anion exchange resin is commonly used for [ 18 O]-water recovery. A two-column method has been developed which delivers >95% of the [ 18 F]-fluoride for radiosynthesis while rejecting >99.9% of the contaminants.
Biomechanical comparison of long head of biceps tenodesis with interference screw and biceps sling soft tissue techniques.

Purpose The purpose of our study was to compare biomechanically a long head biceps tenodesis using an all soft tissue biceps sling technique versus an interference screw technique. Methods Six paired fresh frozen shoulder specimens were separated into 2 groups. One group used an all soft tissue biceps sling technique for tenodesis. The other group used the interference screw technique for subpectoral tenodesis of the long head biceps tendon. Specimens in both groups were sequentially loaded for 200 cycles, and the difference between the initial and final displacements were recorded. Specimens were then loaded to failure. Load and mode of failure were recorded. Results The mean displacement of all specimens undergoing the sling technique was significantly less than that of the interference technique at 3.0 mm (±0.80) versus 5.0 mm (±1.08) ( P v 171.7 N ± 101.4), although this was not statistically significant ( P = .63). In the interference screw technique, 4 specimens failed at the tenodesis site by either tearing or complete pullout, whereas 2 failed at the biceps myotendinous junction. In the sling technique, 4 specimens failed at the biceps myotendinous junction, whereas one specimen tore at the tenodesis site and one detached the pectoralis tendon insertion from the humerus. One specimen in the biceps sling technique and 2 specimens in the interference screw technique failed before completing all 200 cycles. Conclusions The results of this biomechanical study show that the biceps sling technique has construct stability similar to that of the interference screw technique. Clinical Relevance The biceps sling may be a reasonable alternative for treating symptomatic pathologic conditions of the long head biceps tendon.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A BERREMAN-TYPE POINT-FOCUSING X-RAY MONOCHROMATOR FOR USE IN LOW-ANGLE SCATTERING STUDIES.

The design and construction of a point-focusing single quartz crystal x- ray monochromator for low-angle scattering are described. Monochromatization and point focusing of the copper K alpha /sub 1/ line are obtained by Bragg reflection from an appropriately bent 21/2 by 23/8 by 0.015 in. crystal lamina. With a 0.0225-in. aperture defining the size of the x-ray source next to a General Electric CA-7 diffraction tube running at 45 kv and 18 ma. about 3 x 10/ sup 9/ counts/min may be put into a 0.025-in. half-width focus, in helium atmosphere. Parasitic scattering from the crystal which competes with scattering from the sample was excluded by using a converging vane collimator, which required coating with lead chloride to prevent low-angle total reflection from the vanes. Sample-to-detector distances of up to 49 cm are obtainable. Keratin and albumin scattering patterns are shown to illustrate the instrument's performance. (BBB)
Role of a conserved sequence in the maturation and function of the NDV HN glycoprotein

Abstract The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of viruses in the Paramyxouirus genus have a short conserved sequence, G(A, S)EGR(I, L, V). The role of this sequence in the intracellular processing and function of the Newcastle disease virus HN protein was explored by site directed mutagenesis. Mutations in this region fall into two categories. One set of mutants (G398A, E400D, R402K, and a deletion removing amino acids 400–403) was defective in folding. These mutant proteins formed little or no mature, disulfide linked oligomer. They had few or no antigenic sites found on the mature protein and they were transported to the cell surface poorly or not at all. The second class of mutants (A399G, G401A, G401L) was minimally affected in folding and intracellular transport. When normalized to surface expression, this group of mutant proteins had wild type levels of attachment activity, neuraminidase activity, and fusion promotion activity. Thus mutations in this region directly affect intracellular processing but not the biological activities of the protein. This sequence may, therefore, be conserved in the HN proteins of Paramyxoviruses because it is critical to the folding of the molecule.
Glutamate and GABA systems as targets for novel antidepressant and mood-stabilizing treatments

Glutamate and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) systems are emerging as targets for development of medications for mood disorders. There is increasing preclinical and clinical evidence that antidepressant drugs directly or indirectly reduce N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor function. Drugs that reduce glutamatergic activity or glutamate receptor-related signal transduction may also have antimanic effects. Recent studies employing magnetic resonance spectroscopy also suggest that unipolar, but not bipolar, depression is associated with reductions in cortical GABA levels. Antidepressant and mood-stabilizing treatments also appear to raise cortical GABA levels and to ameliorate GABA deficits in patients with mood disorders. The preponderance of available evidence suggests that glutamatergic and GABAergic modulation may be an important property of available antidepressant and mood-stabilizing agents. Future research will be needed to develop and evaluate new agents with specific glutamate and GABA receptor targets in the treatment of mood disorders.
Electron irradiation effects on oxidized Nb foil and NbO

Auger electron spectroscopy was used to study electron irradiation damage on niobium oxide. With the co-existence of O-2p and Nb-4d states in the valence band, the splitting of the MNN-type Auger transition peaks has been observed on Nb2O5 and oxidized Nb foil specimens. The results show that the surface of an electron-bombarded specimen becomes enriched with niobium due to irradiation-induced dissociation of the oxide and subsequent loss of oxygen. Supporting results obtained from electron stimulated desorption measurements, specimen coloration changes and layer-by-layer calculation of Auger intensity from an altered overlayer are also presented.
The Ryōan-ji axiom for common knowledge on hypergraphs

The article studies common knowledge in communication networks with a fixed topological structure. It introduces a non-trivial principle, called the Ryōan-ji axiom, which captures logical properties of common knowledge of all protocols with a given network topology. A logical system, consisting of the Ryōan-ji axiom and two additional axioms, is proven to be sound and complete.
Toward Automatic Process Planning of a Multi-Axis Hybrid Laser Aided Manufacturing System: Skeleton-Based Offset Edge Generation

Even though the machining process has been integrated to the Multi-Axis Laser Aided Manufacturing Process (LAMP) System in order to get good surface finish functional parts [1], the quality of parts produced by the LAMP system is still very much dependent upon the choice of deposition paths. [2] Raster motion paths are replaced by offset spiral-like paths, which are discussed in this paper. Most commercial CAD/CAM packages are feature-based, and their use requires the effort and expertise of the user. The shape has to be decomposed into manufacturing features before the software packages can generate the paths. [3] Path planning has long been studied as discussed in this paper. There are still some problems associated with the previous algorithms and also assumptions are usually made. [6, 7, 27] An algorithm for directly generating offset edges, which can be developed to be the deposition paths, is presented in this paper. The skeleton of a layer or a slice of a 3-D CAD drawing is first generated. Based on that skeleton, the offset edges are incrementally constructed. This paper focuses on the characteristics of skeleton and offset edges as well as the construction algorithm for those edges. Simulations are used to verify this method.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Free bank failures in New York and Wisconsin: A portfolio analysis☆

Abstract Rolnick and Weber found that a sharp decline in asset prices led to bank panics and, ultimately, bank failures during the free banking era. An examination of New York and Wisconsin free bank portfolios prior to a fall in asset prices indicates banks that weathered the turmoil held significantly different portfolios than closed banks. In general, solvent banks held more loans and specie, and issued more deposits and less bank notes than closed banks.
Hematology of the sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes)

Abstract 1. 1. Blood characteristics of the sidewinder Crotalus cerastes were studied. Values for hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell count, pH, blood oxygen capacity, white cell counts and differentials were determined. 2. 2. Hemoglobin ranged from 5·00 to 8·51 g % (mean 7·50), hematocrits 22·0–36·0% (mean 28·60), red cell counts 0·45-0·95 × 10 6 /mm 3 and white cell counts 0·10-0·24 × 10 6 /mm 3 . 3. 3. Both red, white and differential counts were extremely variable. The blood oxygen capacities were between 5·2 and 10·9 vol% (mean 8·2%). 4. 4. The morphology of red and white cells are discussed; blood photographs are presented.
Solid phase synthesis of sec-amides and removal from the polymeric support under mild conditions

Abstract C-terminal sec-amides of peptidic and non-peptidic carboxylic acids can be prepared using 2-methoxy-4-benzyloxy-polystyrene aldehyde resin (MALDRE). The polymer bound sec-amide is removed from the resin by treatment with 10–50% trifluoroacetic acid in methylene dichloride for 30 minutes.
Induction of suppressor cells by intravenous administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and its modulation by cyclophosphamide.

Abstract Intravenous administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) activated cells in the bone marrow and induced cells in the spleen, which suppressed the development of cell-mediated immunity by T lymphocytes in vitro. The activity of these suppressor cells was dependent on both the dose and the schedule of BCG. A course of cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/day) given during the 4 days preceding or following the administration of BCG potentiated the induction of suppressor cells by BCG. If the 4-day course of cyclophosphamide was not initiated until 7 days after the administration of BCG, then the induction of suppressor cells by BCG was partially reversed.
Indirect tissue electrophoresis: a new method for analyzing solid tissue protein.

Abstract 1. 1. The eye lens core (nucleus) has been a valuable source of molecular biologic information. 2. 2. In these studies, lens nuclei are usually homogenized so that any protein information related to anatomical subdivisions, or layers, of the nucleus is lost. 3. 3. The present report is of a new method, indirect tissue electrophoresis (ITE), which, when applied to fish lens nuclei, permitted (a) automatic correlation of protein information with anatomic layer, (b) production of large, clear electrophoretic patterns even from small tissue samples and (c) detection of more proteins than in liquid extracts of homogenized tissues. 4. 4. ITE seems potentially applicable to a variety of solid tissues.
Effects of Ibogaine on Performance in the 8-Arm Radial Maze

The effects of ibogaine were studied in 12 rats trained to perform in an 8-arm radial maze. In Phase I, the mean number of sessions to criterion and cumulative errors to criterion, as well as mean response rate, were determined for two groups of six animals in a task where only four arms were baited. Group 1 received a potentially neurotoxic dose of ibogaine (50 mg/kg IP administered twice, with approximately 8 h between injections), and group 2 received vehicle. Both groups had similar levels of performance, but ibogaine-treated subjects had a significantly lower rate of responding in the maze. During Phase II, subjects were given a range of doses of ibogaine 20 min prior to working in the maze. Ibogaine produced a dose-dependent decrease in response rate, but efficiency (% arms correct) was not affected. In Phase III, subjects were divided into the same groups as they had been in Phase I. Ibogaine (30 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle was administered immediately following daily sessions in the maze. Ibogaine-treated rats committed significantly fewer errors than those in the vehicle treated group. Thus, in the present study, ibogaine failed to produce any deleterious effects on either acquisition of a novel task or efficiency in a previously learned task.
Single-Case Design in Psychophysiological Research. Part I: Context, Structure, and Techniques

There is a growing consensus in the clinical literature about the importance of establishing and utilizing empirically supported treatments (ESTs). A number of established criteria for determining the efficacy and effectiveness levels of treatments are reviewed, and an argument is put forth that the research paradigm of large-scale group comparison designs may not be the best conceptual fit for studying psychophysiological phenomena. Clinical psychophysiology employs reinforcing successive approximations of functional abilities: a model closer in nature to operant conditioning, physical rehabilitation, and education than the standard pharmacological model. Single-case designs have a long, well-accepted history in scientific disciplines and require resources that allow practice-level clinicians to make meaningful contributions to the scientific literature. They also have a clear role in the establishment of a treatment as an EST. A discussion of the logic, structure, and techniques of single-case design is presented in sufficient detail to actively construct publishable studies. The adaptive nature of this technique makes it possible to address a wide range of potential psychophysiological research questions, along with barriers to utilization, including ethical considerations. Techniques are presented to allow researchers to examine treatment efficacy and effectiveness as well as isolate components of treatment to determine the most powerful elements of a clinical intervention.
Replicon properties of chromosomal DNA fibers and the duration of DNA synthesis of sunflower root-tip meristem cells at different temperatures

Chromosomal DNA fiber autoradiography was used to examine the replicon properties of root-tip meristem cells of Helianthus annuus intact seedlings grown at temperatures from 10 to 38° C and those of root-tip cells grown in vitro at 23°. The average replicon size was approximately 22 μm and it did not change with temperature nor when the roots were grown in culture. The average fork rate was 6 μm/h at 10° and it rose gradually to 12 μm/h at 38°. The responses of replication fork movement and of the duration of S to temperature were of three types: those in which change in fork rate was primarily (more than 90%) responsible for change in the duration of S, those in which the fork rate remained constant while S increased nearly twofold, and those in which the duration of S increased even though the replication forks were moving faster. The first type of response listed was observed at temperatures from 20 to 35°, the second type listed was observed at 10 to 15°, and the third, was produced at 38°.