cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of nitrogen deposition on greenhouse-gas fluxes for forests and grasslands of North America

Human activities have substantially elevated the atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) onto terrestrial ecosystems of North America. Some of this N can stimulate carbon (C) storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but the fertilization effect of added N can be diminished by elevated concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3) and by chronically high N deposition. In this review, we discuss spatial patterns and effects of N deposition and tropospheric O3 on net greenhouse-gas fluxes in North American forest and grassland ecosystems. While projected rates of ammonia emissions and deposition are expected to remain unchanged, projected declines in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions within the US will likely lead to reductions in total N deposition and O3. The net effect of these changes in N deposition onto forests and grasslands will likely initiate declines in C sequestration attributed to N deposition over the next 40 years.
QL-20PROGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND FATIGUE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA

After diagnosis, glioblastoma (GBM) patients quickly experience the neurological, physical, and emotional impact of their disease. Even before chemoradiation treatment, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be impaired and fatigue can be present due to neurological dysfunction, co-morbidities (e.g. seizures, depression), and medications (e.g. corticosteroids, anti-epileptics). We evaluated the impact of HRQoL and fatigue on survival in newly diagnosed GBM. Data collected within the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke as part of the PRoGREss registry between 11/21/2011 and 10/10/2013 were queried retrospectively. In addition to demographic and clinical information, data were obtained from patient-reported outcome questionnaires including Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain Cancer (FACT-Br) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F). Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to evaluate the effect of HRQoL and fatigue on overall survival. For this study, 322 subjects were identified. Mean age was 59 (SD = 13) years. KPS ranged from 40-100 with KPS ≥90 for 36.7%, KPS = 80 for 34.5%, KPS ≤ 70 for 21.4% and unknown for 7.5%. In univariate Cox analyses, the FACT-Br Total (HR = 0.986 (CI 95%: 0.98, 0.992) and FACIT-F (HR = 0.969 (CI 95%: 0.955, 0.982)) were both significant predictors of overall survival. Both the FACT-Br Total and FACIT-F added prognostic information beyond that provided by KPS alone (Likelihood ratio (LR) p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively), but did not provide additional prognostic information when KPS, age, gender, and extent of resection were added to the multivariate model (LR p = 0.17 and p = 0.19, respectively). In fact, the strongest predictor of overall survival in this population was extent of resection (gross total resection vs biopsy, (HR = 3.11 (CI 95%: 2.12, 4.57))). Based on these findings, HRQoL and fatigue in newly diagnosed GBM are independent predictors of survival that provide incremental prognostic value to KPS but not to other prognostic factors such as extent of resection.
Medullary κ hyperalgesic mechanisms II. The effects of ethylketazocine administered into the fourth cerebral ventricle of the conscious dog

Ethylketazocine (EKC) (2 micrograms/100 microliter/min for 15 min) was infused into the fourth cerebral ventricles of conscious dogs. The drug produced hyperalgesia, respiratory depression, miosis, increased EEG electrogenesis and behavioral sedation. Hyperthermia and tremulousness were observed in some animals. These pharmacologic effects reflect the action of EKC on pontomedullary periventricular sites which control nociception, autonomic function and arousal.
The effect of chronic marihuana usage on the immunological status of rhesus monkeys

Abstract Rhesus monkeys were administered marihuana smoke at three Δ9-THC levels for a period of six months. Following this chronic marihuana usage, plasma immunoglobulin levels were found to be decreased in those monkeys receiving high and medium Δ9-THC dosage. The in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to Concanavalin A was found to be reduced in all monkeys receiving marihuana. At present it is difficult to assess the significance of the reduced immunoglobulin levels and in vitto lymphocyte response in terms of the effect of marihuana smoking on the in vivo immunological competence of the organism.
Effects of hemodynamic alterations on anterior mitral leaflet curvature during systole

Objectives: The application of repair techniques to treat mitral valve incompetence has increased progressively during the past 20 years. Unfortunately, recent reports have demonstrated the longevity of these repairs to be less than previously believed. Most repair failures are stress related. Computational models to optimize valve repair are in development, but to be brought to fruition, a better understanding of dynamic leaflet geometry is necessary. In this study, sonomicrometry was used in an ovine model to compute systolic leaflet curvature at varying afterloads and states of contractility. Methods: The anterior leaflet of 12 sheep was instrumented with 5 piezoelectric transducers in a cruciate array. Systolic blood pressure ranged from 90 to 200 mm Hg with increasing phenylephrine hydrochloride infusion. Epinephrine was used to vary contractile state. Leaflet curvature was calculated continuously (200 Hz) during systole. Results: Anterior leaflet curvature in the septolateral direction was double that in the intercommisural direction. There were also significant changes in leaflet curvature during systole. Curvature in neither direction was affected by afterload. Epinephrine augmented intercommisural curvature in a dose-independent fashion, whereas it had no effect on curvature in the septolateral direction. Conclusions: Dynamic mitral anterior leaflet geometry was found to be amazingly constant over a wide range of hemodynamic conditions. These data provide information about leaflet geometry that will aid in the construction of realistic computational models. Such models may facilitate the design of annuloplasty rings and surgical techniques that minimize leaflet stress and increase mitral valve repair longevity.
Seasonal abundance of the siphonophore, Nanomia bijuga, in Monterey Bay

Abstract Quantitative video surveys, conducted in the upper 1000 m in Monterey Bay from an ROV, showed that the year-round population of the siphonophore Nanomia bijuga occupied a daytime depth range between 10 and 800 m, with the majority between 200 and 400 m. The time-series transects revealed a repeating pattern of seasonal variations in abundance, with peak abundance during the Oceanic period, about three months after the onset of regional upwelling. The seasonal pattern was consistent over a three-year period from 1993 to 1995. The abundance of N. bijuga was significantly correlated with the annual cycle of primary production in Monterey Bay. This study is based on data from the first time series of systematic mesopelagic transects conducted by an ROV.
Measuring the cost of storage management

We study the cost of storage management for garbage-collected programs compiled with the Standard ML of New Jersey compiler. We show that the cost of storage management is not the same as the time spent garbage collecting. For many of the programs, the time spent garbage collecting is less than the time spent doing other storage-management tasks.
Elevator Group Control System Based on Fuzzy Single-Chip Computer

What the group control of the elevator traffic system deal with is a complex, random, multi-objective, nonlinear, uncertain decision-making problem. Good effect of controlling elevators can’t be achieved with traditional control methods. Elevator group control system based on fuzzy single chip computer is introduced in this paper. Fuzzy inference can be carried out based on control rules that are programmed based experts’ experience. Then elevators are allocated in the light of inference result in order to achieve ideal control effect.
Defect formation at the nematic-to-isotropic phase in a liquid crystalline polymer

The optical properties of a thin film of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, with one of the surfaces bounded by air and the other bounded by a glycerine surface reveals the presence of integer strength point defects in the material. Formation of point defects at the center of a nematic droplet of the polymer surrounded by its isotropic phase as the material is taken through a biphasic structure is observed and the small-angle light scattering from such a structure is discussed. These observations are used to argue that the material under study is a uniaxial nematic.
The influence of job satisfaction, burnout, pain, and worker's compensation status on disability after finger injuries.

Purpose Motivation, job satisfaction, burnout, and secondary gain are factors that can influence return to work and disability after orthopedic injuries. The current study evaluated the separate effects of job satisfaction, burnout, and secondary gain on arm-specific disability after a finger injury. Methods Ninety-three employed patients with finger injuries were enrolled in this prospective study, and 51 completed the follow-up. Burnout (measured with Shirom-Melamed's Burnout Measure), job satisfaction (measured with the Job Descriptive Index questionnaire), and demographics were assessed at the initial visit. After 6 months, arm-specific disability was measured with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and general health status was measured with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) survey, mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS). Results In the 51 patients with complete follow-up, the mean DASH score was 12, the mean SF-36 PCS was 48, the mean SF-36 MCS was 49, and the mean pain rating was 2.1. In multivariable analysis, pain and worker's compensation status explained 52% of the variability in DASH scores (pain alone accounted for 49%); pain accounted for 14% of the variability in SF-36 PCS scores; and worker's compensation accounted for 11% of the variation in the SF-36 MCS scores. Conclusions The majority of variation in the SF-36 PCS and MCS scores remained unaccounted for by the models, but pain and worker's compensation were more important than job burnout or job satisfaction. Pain and worker's compensation were also significant predictors of the DASH. Clinical relevance Worker's compensation and pain were more important than job satisfaction and burnout in explaining variations in arm-specific disability in patients with finger injuries. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic II.
Coping strategies among police recruits in a high-stress training environment.

The use and impact of coping strategies were explored in a setting of environmental stress. The sample consisted of 180 police recruits subjected to training stress in a U.S. police academy. Measures of coping, personal distress, and life stressors were used. Recruits who scored high on personal distress tended to use more coping strategies than those who had lower distress scores. These findings suggest that the magnitude of personal distress may be an important factor in determining which array of coping techniques is used. In terms of effectiveness, the coping strategies of distancing and planful problem solving significantly reduced distress. Escape/avoidance and self-control coping did not appear to work in the police situation and significantly increased distress.
Fifth quark and dimuon production by neutrinos

Abstract It is shown that the recent experiment data on dimuon production by neutrinos and antineutrinos, even with currently available statistics and uncertainties, set a severe upper bound on the semileptonic decay branching ratio of a fifth quark, if any. With this semileptonic branching ratio, production of the b quark is suspicious theoretically.
The complex capacitance of Si inversion layers in the quantized resistance regime

Abstract We report the results of an examination of the complex capacitance of Si inversion layers at low temperatures and kHz frequencies in the quantized resistance regime. We also discuss the results for the capacitance without a magnetic field and in a non-quantizing magnetic field. We find that the one-dimensional diffusion model as discussed by Stern is adequate for the discussion of the latter cases, but does not describe the quantizing case. A description is given which may be a basis for deriving the density of states and the contribution of both the localized and extended states.
A Stream Processor for Extracting Usage Intelligence From High-Momentum Internet Data

The data streams of the Internet are quite large and present significant challenges to those wishing to analyze these streams on a continuous basis. Opportunities for analysis for a Network Service Provider include understanding subscriber usage patterns for developing new services, network demand flows for network operations and capacity planning functions, and early detection of network security breaches. The conventional analysis paradigm of store first, then analyze later has significant cost and latency issues when analyzing these high-momentum streams. This article presents a deployed architecture for a general purpose stream processor that includes dynamically configurable Capture Models that can be tailored for compact collection of statistics of the stream in real time. The highly configurable flow processing model is presented with numerous examples of how multiple streams can be merged and split based on the requirements at hand.
Different biological activity of CD154-SIVgp41 fusion protein vaccine component in naïve or pre-immune individuals

Background Trimeric gp41 might be an important target for neutralizing antibodies; however, the poor immunogenicity of this region may be due to its lack of exposure on native virus. CD154 (CD40L) is a trimeric glycoprotein found on activated CD4 T-cells that binds to CD40 on APCs and leads to B-cell activation and differentiation to plasma cells. We designed a novel immunogen with the potential for inducing neutralizing antibodies to gp41 and for stimulating activity on APC and B-cells.
A new wireless ultrasound probe for ultrasound guided central venous access

Patients and methods The US system we tested consists of a 5-13 MHz linear probe connected by wireless technology (8 GHz ultra wide band) to a compact, keyboardless device. The probe can be completely wrapped up in a sterile cover so to perform the procedure with maximal barrier precautions. The main functions (gain, depth, freeze, save, etc.) can be operated either by controls built-in in the transducer or directly on the screen of the device. We adopted this wireless systems in 38 consecutive VAD placements (25 PICCs, 12 ports and 1 cuffed-tunneled catheter). US was used for US-guided puncture and cannulation of different veins (20 basilic veins, 5 brachial veins, 9 axillary-subclavian veins, 3 internal jugular veins and 1 brachio-cephalic vein), for US detection of potential misplacement of the guidewire and/or of the catheter, as well as for ruling out pneumothorax by US scan of the pleura in the intercostal space.
Quantum efficiency overestimation and deterministic cross talk resulting from interpixel capacitance

Pixels in both hybridized and monolithic complementary metal-oxide semiconductor CMOS detector arrays may couple capaci- tively to their neighboring pixels. This "interpixel capacitance" can signifi- cantly distort the characterization of conversion efficiency and modula- tion transfer function MTF in CMOS devices. These effects have been largely unaccounted for in measurements to date. In this work, the ef- fects of this coupling are investigated. Compensation methods for these errors are described and applied to silicon P-I-N array measurements. The measurement of Poisson noise, traditionally done by finding the mean square difference in a pair of images, needs to be modified to include the mean square correlation of differences with neighboring pixels. © 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
A single institution's experience with more than 500 laparoscopic Heller myotomies for achalasia.

Background Long-term symptom relief and patient satisfaction after Heller myotomy are being reported. Herein, we report the largest experience of laparoscopic Heller myotomy for the treatment of achalasia. Study Design Since 1992, 505 patients have been prospectively followed after laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Until 2004, concomitant fundoplication was undertaken for a patulous hiatus, a large hiatal hernia, or to buttress the repair of an esophagotomy, then concomitant fundoplication became routinely applied. More recently, laparo-endoscopic single site (LESS) Heller myotomy has been performed when possible to improve cosmesis. Before and after myotomy, patients scored their symptoms. Results Before myotomy, 60% of patients underwent endoscopic therapy; of these patients, 27% had Botox (Allergan) therapy alone, 52% underwent dilation therapy alone, and 21% had both. Esophagotomy occurred in 7% of patients. Concomitant diverticulectomy was undertaken in 7%, fundoplication was performed in 59%, and LESS Heller myotomy was done in 12%. Median length of stay was 1 day. With mean follow-up at 31 months, the severity of all symptoms improved significantly. After myotomy, 95% experienced symptoms less than once per week, 86% believed their outcome is satisfying or better, and 92% would undergo myotomy again, if necessary. Symptoms after myotomy are similar with or without fundoplication and regardless of the laparoscopic approach used. Conclusions Laparoscopic Heller myotomy safely and durably relieves symptoms of dysphagia. Confinement is short and satisfaction is very high. Relief of esophageal obstruction is paramount; the approach used or the application of a fundoplication has a lesser impact. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy, preferably with anterior fundoplication using a single site laparoscopic approach, is strongly encouraged for patients with symptomatic achalasia and is efficacious even after failures of dilation and/or Botox therapy.
Crime and Demography: Multiple Linkages, Reciprocal Relations

Individual demographic characteristics and aggregate population processes are central to many theoretical perspectives and empirical models of criminal behavior. Recent research underscores the importance of criminal and deviant behavior for understanding the demography of the life course and macrolevel population processes. We review research that explores the multiple linkages and reciprocal relations between criminal and demographic behavior at both microsocial and macrosocial levels. In reviewing research on how demography affects crime, we describe current debates over the impact of age, sex, and race on criminal behavior, and we distinguish between compositional and contextual effects of demographic structure on aggregate crime rates. Our review of how crime affects demography focuses on the intersection of criminal and demographic events in the life course, and the influence of criminal victimization and aggregate crime rates on residential mobility, migration, and population redistribution. Direct...
Transgenic Overexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Macrophages Attenuates the Inflammatory Response and Improves Left Ventricular Function Post-Myocardial Infarction

Following myocardial infarction (MI), activated macrophages infiltrate into the necrotic myocardium as part of a robust pro-inflammatory response and secrete matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Macrophage activation, in turn, modulates the fibrotic response, in part by stimulating fibroblast extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. We hypothesized that overexpression of human MMP-9 in mouse macrophages would amplify the inflammatory and fibrotic responses to exacerbate left ventricular dysfunction. Unexpectedly, at day 5 post-MI, ejection fraction was improved in transgenic (TG) mice (25±2%) compared to the wild type (WT) mice (18±2%; p<0.05). By gene expression profiling, 23 of 84 inflammatory genes were decreased in the left ventricle infarct (LVI) region from the TG compared to WT mice (all p<0.05). Concomitantly, TG macrophages isolated from the LVI, as well as TG peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS, showed decreased inflammatory marker expression compared to WT macrophages. In agreement with attenuated inflammation, only 7 of 84 cell adhesion and ECM genes were increased in the TG LVI compared to WT LVI, while 43 genes were decreased (all p<0.05). These results reveal a novel role for macrophage-derived MMP-9 in blunting the inflammatory response and limiting ECM synthesis to improve left ventricular function post-MI.
Four frames for the study of creativity

Abstract In Jean Genet's play The Balcony, the plot revolves around role reversal. Characters who were on the peripherii of society, the pimps, whores, and thieves, all of a sudden find it necessary to assume roles as pillars of society. The basic point of the play is that roles are powerful determinants of behavior, and whoever occupies the role of, say, Chief Judge of the Supreme Court, will behave more or less as anyone else would behave in the same role. People who have watched from the balcony change their behavior when asked to move to center stage.
Qualities of Chunked and Formed Lamb Roasts

Influence of mechanically separated lamb (MSL), NaCl level, processing conditions and extenders on composition and quality of 72 chunked and formed lamb roasts were evaluated. Roasts with 0.5% NaCl had significantly (P<0.05) lower juiciness and flavor scores than roasts containing 1.0-2.0% NaCl. Muscle chunk separation was more extensive and Instron breaking strength values were lower at the 0.5% NaCl level. Roasts containing 30% MSL were more tender and juicy than roasts containing 10% MSL and they had less cook loss. Soy-extended roasts had less desirable juiciness, flavor and texture scores and were lower in fat and lighter in color than control roasts or roasts containing dried skim milk. All roast formulations had TBA values below 1.0.
Development of a simple and powerful method, cDNA AFLP-SSPAG, for cloning of differentially expressed genes

A novel plant differentially expressed gene cloning technique called cDNA-AFLP-SSPAG was descrybed. Using this method, Differential mRNA expression was found between high and low heterosis groups of maize. Differential cDNAs were easily obtained from silver stained cDNA-AFLP separated on polyacylamide gels. The cDNA was then reamplified, cloned and fragments were sequenced. Sequenced clones were used as probes in northern dot blot analyses and library screening. Full-length cDNA was cloned from a library suggesting that the cDNA-AFLP technique combined with silverstaining polyacrylamide gels provide a novel and very powerful gene cloning method.
Cost-Benefit Considerations in Choosing among Cross-Validation Methods.

There are two general methods of cross-validation: (a) empirical estimation, and (b) formula estimation. In choosing a specific cross-validation procedure, one should consider both costs (eg. inefficient use of available data in estimating regression parameters) and benefits (eg. accuracy in estimating population cross-validity). Empirical cross-validation methods involve significant costs, since they are typically laborious and wasteful of data, but under conditions represented in Monte Carlo studies, they are generally not more accurate than formula estimates. Consideration of costs and benefits suggests that empirical estimation methods are typically not worth the cost, except in a limited number of cases in which Monte Carlo sampling assumptions are not met in the derivation sample. Designs which use multiple samples to estimate the cross-validity of a single regression equation are clearly preferable to single-sample designs; the latter are never expected to be more accurate than formula estimates and thus are never worth the cost. Multi-equation designs are more accurate than single equation designs, but they appear to estimate the wrong parameter, and thus are difficult to interpret.
Kentucky Contract Time Determination System

The results of research funded by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KyTC) to develop a new method for determining of construction contract time for its highway construction contracts are reported. The current system in Kentucky was analyzed to determine how a new system could provide better-estimated durations. Current methods of other departments of transportation were analyzed to provide insight for a new system. It was predetermined that a computer system was best suited; however, the development of the system needed input from KyTC engineers with construction experience. A task force of the study advisory committee worked with Kentucky Transportation Center research engineers to develop the basis for the new contract time determination system, called the Kentucky Contract Time Determination System (KY-CTDS). The KY-CTDS program was developed to provide a conceptual estimating tool for prediction of construction contract time for the Kentucky Department of Highways. It makes use of predetermined project classifications and lists major activities that are believed to control the project schedule. Production rates and activity relationships have also been determined and are embedded in the program. Experienced KyTC engineers can make final adjustments using the model. This program uses Microsoft Project 98 and Microsoft Excel, version 7.0, software and operates on a personal computer. It outputs a graphical bar chart schedule to be used only for estimation of contract time for bidding purposes. Program output should also help in resolving construction disputes. The program is not suitable for detailed scheduling of construction operations.
Thermal Annealing Effect on P3HT:PCBM Free Polarons Lifetime and Charge Transport

A transient response technique has been employed to investigate the lifetime of free polarons in bulk heterojunction blends of regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methylester (PCBM) at different annealing temperatures. Device efficiency and charge mobility were also measured. The longest lifetime, ∼ 1.5 microseceonds, was achieved for an annealing temperature of 140˚C; this represents a 2.5 x increase in lifetime relative to unannealed samples. The 140˚C annealing temperature also yields the highest efficiency. These measurements provide an estimate of the mobility-lifetime product, a figure of merit for charge transport in organic bulk heterojunctions.
A parallel implementation of a fractal image compression algorithm

Presented in this paper are experimental results for a parallel implementation of a fractal image compression algorithm. The fractal image compression process exhibits a natural parallelism and the specific parallel implementation is shown to be beneficial for the execution speed of the algorithm. Furthermore, computational speed has been enhanced through an algorithmic modification employing a quadtree recomposition approach in which quadtree subblocks are iteratively combined into larger ranges for fractal encoding. Furthermore, classification schemes which serve to reduce the O(n/sup 4/) algorithmic complexity are explored.
New approaches in interferometric SAR data processing

It is known that interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images can be inverted to perform surface elevation mapping. Among the factors critical to the mapping accuracy are registration of the interfering SAR images and phase unwrapping. A registration algorithm is presented that determines the registration parameters through optimization. A figure of merit is proposed that evaluates the registration result during the optimization. The phase unwrapping problem is approached through a new method involving fringe line detection. The algorithms are tested with two SEASAT SAR images of terrain near Yellowstone National Park. These images were collected on SEASAT orbits 1334 and 1420, which were very close together in space, i.e. less than 100 m. >
Work in progress: Serving rural communities: A K-8 LEGO robotics case study

In this paper we describe approaches to better assist teachers in rural areas to participate in an annual LEGO robotics competition offered at Texas Tech University. While local schools have a student mentor visiting the robotics teams on a weekly basis, schools that are more than 20 miles away from Texas Tech University do not benefit from this service. Although there is a significant amount of literature available on LEGO robotics, teachers and students seem to prefer personal interaction. We propose daylong fieldtrips and webinars to partly overcome distance and still provide direct interaction.
Insect feeding on cucumber mediated by rhizobacteria-induced plant resistance

Select strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were evaluated in greenhouse experiments with cucumber for induction of resistance against cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) feeding and the beetle-transmitted cucurbit wilt disease. When beetles were given a choice between PGPR-treated and nontreated cucumber, their feeding on stems and cotyledons and the severity of wilt symptoms were significantly lower on PGPR-treated plants. HPLC analysis demonstrated that cotyledons from PGPR-treated plants contained significantly lower concentrations of the cucumber beetle feeding stimulant cucurbitacin than nontreated plants. These results suggest that a mechanism for PGPR-induced resistance against cucumber beetle feeding may involve a change in the metabolic pathway for cucurbitacin synthesis.
Growth of Systems‐Centric Systems Engineering graduate programs in the United States and the role of their non‐tenure‐track faculty

This study examines the growth of Systems-Centric Systems Engineering (SCSE) graduate programs in the United States and the status of full-time non-tenure-track faculty (NTTF) members within these programs. Growth is measured by the number of master's and PhD students who graduated from those programs. The annual production of master's degree graduates has grown by a factor of 5 during the period, increasing from 312 in 2001 to 1535 in 2010. Furthermore, the six largest SE programs accounted for more than half of those graduates. The annual production of PhD degrees has risen as well, though not as dramatically. In spite of such growth, less than 50% of SCSE programs hire NTTF, and, among them, the majority of the programs (65%) have four or fewer NTTF. Only 24% of the total faculty employed by SCSE programs in 2010 are NTTF, and most of them (67%) spend the majority of their time teaching; 65% of the respondents identified industrial experience as the most attractive reason for hiring them. Among SCSE programs that produced a high number of master's degree graduates, the ones that started between 2001 and 2005 employed a higher number of NTTF compared to those that started before 2001. The roles of NTTF are compared to those of tenured and tenure-track faculty (TTTF). This paper concludes with recommendations on how to best use NTTF. ©2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16
An alternative approach to the Army Physical Fitness Test two-mile run using critical velocity and isoperformance curves.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of critical velocity (CV) and isoperformance curves as an alternative to the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) two-mile running test. Seventy-eight men and women (mean ± SE; age: 22.1 ± 0.34 years; VO2MAX: 46.1 ± 0.82 mL/kg/min) volunteered to participate in this study. A VO2MAX test and four treadmill running bouts to exhaustion at varying intensities were completed. The relationship between total distance and time-to-exhaustion was tracked for each exhaustive run to determine CV and anaerobic running capacity. A VO2MAX prediction equation (Coefficient of determination: 0.805; Standard error of the estimate: 3.2377 mL/kg/min) was developed using these variables. Isoperformance curves were constructed for men and women to correspond with two-mile run times from APFT standards. Individual CV and anaerobic running capacity values were plotted and compared to isoperformance curves for APFT 2-mile run scores. Fifty-four individuals were determined to r...
Load Balancing Algorithm Based on Predictive Packet Loss Rate

We proposed a new load balancing mechanism, called PPLR (predictive packet loss rate), by which flow can be divided into packets and each of the packets be transferred on an individual basis to the destination through multipath. Load balancing is needed in many fields; however, current approaches have problems such as lacking of preparing for sudden spikes. In this paper, we describe how PPLR dynamically predicts loss levels over all available network paths and adjust the allocation proportion of packets for next prediction period. We present our simulation work using NS-2 and discuss performance comparison between PPLR and other load balancing mechanisms. The results show significantly better performance than ECMP.
Comparison of Microtia Reconstruction Outcomes Using Rib Cartilage vs Porous Polyethylene Implant

ImportanceAuricular reconstruction is a unique blend of cosmesis and functionality. The choice of the optimal framework material to use is an important decision for the patient with microtia. Objec...
Hydrogen-bonded molecular capsules are stable in polar media.

Robust, very large hydrogen-bonded capsules which are even stable in 50∶50 water–acetone mixtures have been characterized both in solution and in the solid state.
New Data on Miocene Butterflies in Dominican Amber (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae and Nymphalidae) with the Description of a New Nymphalid

A new, virtually complete and well-preserved female specimen of Voltinia dramba Hall, Robbins, and Harvey, 2004 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) provides new data on this fossil species, and a new fossil species of the Recent genus of Nymphalidae Dynamine Hubner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is described as Dynamine alexae n.sp., on the basis of a male specimen. The two species are preserved in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic. Dynamine alexae n.sp. represents the first adult nymphalid butterfly found as a fossil in amber. The four taxa of butterflies found up to the present in Dominican amber indicate post-Miocene extinctions in Hispaniola, probably caused by insularization. The butterflies found in Dominican amber do not support a hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for many butterfly tribes and subfamilies as previously proposed; we conclude that this hypothesis is implausible based on the age of the butterflies as inferred from the fossil record. Some palaeoecologic and taphonomic questions are discussed.
A network analysis of road traffic with vehicle tracking data

The high resolution tracking data for hundreds to thousands of urban vehicles, as well as the availability of digitized map data, provide urban planners unprecedented opportunities for better understanding urban motor vehicle transportation and for better exploiting the knowledge thereof. This paper combines the domain knowledge of traffic engineering with machine learning techniques, and gives a new approach to the problem of traffic speed estimation and travel time prediction.
Human Milk Proresolving Mediators Stimulate Resolution of Acute Inflammation

Human milk contains nutrients and bioactive products relevant to infant development and immunological protection. Here, we investigated the proresolving properties of milk using human milk lipid mediator isolates (HLMIs) and determined their impact on resolution programs in vivo and with human macrophages. HLMIs reduced the maximum neutrophil numbers (14.6±1.2 × 10(6)-11.0±1.0 × 10(6) cells per exudate) and shortened the resolution interval (Ri; 50% neutrophil reduction) by 54% compared with peritonitis. Using rigorous liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS)-based lipid mediator (LM) metabololipidomics, we demonstrated that human milk possesses a proresolving LM-specialized proresolving mediator (LM-SPM) signature profile, containing SPMs (e.g. resolvins (Rv), protectins (PDs), maresins (MaRs), and lipoxins (LXs)) at bioactive levels (pico-nanomolar concentrations) that enhanced human macrophage efferocytosis and bacterial containment. SPMs identified in human milk included D-series Rvs (e.g., RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, AT-RvD3, and RvD4), PD1, MaR1, E-series Rvs (e.g. RvE1, RvE2, and RvE3), and LXs (LXA4 and LXB4). Of the SPMs identified in human milk, RvD2 and MaR1 (50 ng per mouse) individually shortened Ri by ∼75%. Milk from mastitis gave higher leukotriene B4 and prostanoids and lower SPM levels. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that human milk has proresolving actions via comprehensive LM-SPM profiling, describing a potentially novel mechanism in maternal-infant biochemical imprinting.
Effects of a Catalyzed Particulate Filter on Emissions from a Diesel Engine: Chemical Characterization Data and Particulate Emissions Measured with Thermal Optical and Gravimetric Methods

A wide range of emissions were characterized from a heavy-duty diesel engine operated on conventional low sulfur (∼375 ppm) fuel, equipped with manually controlled EGR and a catalyzed particulate filter (CPF). The effectof the CPF and engine load was studied, along with a comparison of results between the gravimetric and thermal optical methods (TOM) for determining diesel particulate levels. Data were obtained from four of the EPA old 13 mode test cycle steady-state operating conditions, i.e., Modes 11, 10, 9, and 8 using a 1995 Cummins M11-330E engine with a Corning EX-80 cordierite particulate filter, coated with a platinum catalyst (5 g/ft 3 ). Emission characterization results presented in this paper include: total particulate matter (TPM), comprised of solids (SOL), soluble organic fraction (SOF), and sulfates (SO 4 ) that were determined gravimetrically; semi-volatile organic compounds (XOC), and total carbon (TC), comprised of elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC, respectively), that were obtained using the TOM. Raw and dilute exhaust measurements were performed to compare carbonaceous particulate matter (CPM) concentrations in the raw exhaust and SOL concentrations in the dilute exhaust. Significant reductions were typically observed across the CPF at all operating conditions for most emissions, including TPM, SOL, SOF, XOC, HC, CO, NO x , and particle volume distributions. Trace metal emissions also showed reductions across the CPF. The metals comprised less than 1% of the TPM. Relatively good agreement was observed between the gravimetric method and the TOM. Significant increases in sulfate emissions were observed at two of the operating conditions (Mode 11 and 8), which was in agreement with the particle number increases across the CPF. Carbonaceous particulate matter (CPM) collected in the raw exhaust tended to be higher for upstream experiments than the SOL in the dilute exhaust at the high load conditions and tended to be in better agreement at the low load conditions. TPM, SOL, TC, EC, OC, NO x , and CO 2 tended to increase with increasing load, while SOF, XOC, and gas phase HCs tended to decrease with increasing load.
The surgical treatment of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in sporadic and MEN-I patients

The current emphasis in the management of patients with theZollinger-Ellison syndrome is to identify those without liver metastases and attempt resection for cure. The presence of lymph node metastases does not imply inoperability for cure. Primary duodenal gastrinomas are frequent (20 to 40%) in sporadic as well as MEN-I (60 to 90%) patients. Duodenal exploration is necessary in sporadic patients whenever a pancreatic primary is absent and in all MEN-I patients, regardless of pancreatic findings. Many MEN-I patients with gastrinomas will benefit from resection of the distal pancreas, duodenotomy and lymph node dissection. An outline of our current therapy in sporadic and MEN-I patients and results is presented.
John Richard Moores, Representations of France in English Satirical Prints 1740-1832

Review by Amanda Lahikainen (Aquinas College, Michigan) of John Richard Moores, Representations of France in English Satirical Prints 1740-1832 . New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. 261. ISBN 9781137380135.
Meditative process in new media art: an affective possibility of digital media in the art making process

In this paper, the author suggests affective possibilities in technology that can be found in a digital art making process. As going through a persistent, intimate process of digital production with contemplation, media artists gain a unique experience and build an affective relationship with digital technology. Through the process, artists realize the gap between their mind image and digital representation and discover the affective potentials that connect digital media and bodies. The author explores the ambiguous nature of affect and addresses an alternative relationship between human bodies and digital technology. The author, as a media artist, experiences the awakening through her making process and realizes that its analogy to Zen practice in arts that requires a meditative discipline and inner interaction with the tool and media itself. Media artists overcome the limit of the absolute rationality and discontinuity of digital media through a meditative computational mode of operation.
Anthropometric indicators correlated with blood pressure in children

Objective To investigate the correlation of anthropometric indicators and blood pressure in children. Methods A total of 6 790 children aged 6 to 13 years were inspected by random sampling. The body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), hip circumference(HC), and blood pressure were measured. The waist/hip ratio(WHR) and waist/height ratio(WHtR) were calculated. The data wrer analyzed by SPSS16.0 statistical software. Results The detection rate of hypertension in children was 5.57%. After controlling for age, both in male and female children, the BMI, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR and systolic blood pressure showed a significant positive correlation by partial correlation analysis(all P0.05). Both in male and female children, the BMI, WC, HC, WHR, and WHtR were significantly higher in children with hypertension than those in children with normal blood pressure(all P0.05). Among all subjects, 280 children(4.12%) were obese, 622 children(9.16%) were overweight. The detection rates of hypertension were significantly different among obese, overweight and normal weight children(P0.01). The detection rate of hypertension was significantly higher in obese children than that in overweight and normal weight children. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were all significantly higher in obese and overweight children than that in normal weight children(P0.05). Conclusion The hypertension prevalence of children aged 6 to 13 years in Zhengzhou is in the low to median level in the same age groups. The BMI, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR are significantly correlated with blood pressure in both gender, and the correlation is the most obvious in HC.
Megalourethra and hypospadias.

Abstract We compared clinically 11 patients with megalourethra and hypospadias as well as 2 additional patients previously reported on in the literature to patients with either hypospadias or megalourethra alone. The milder presentation of patients with megalourethra and hypospadias, and the ease of satisfactory repair indicate that they represent a less severe variant of classic megalourethra.
A Framework of Governance: Guiding the National Academy of Public Administration

(1999). A Framework of Governance: Guiding the National Academy of Public Administration. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 516-519.
Recently measured large A N for forward neutrons in p ↑ A collisions at s N N = 200 GeV explained through simulations of ultraperipheral collisions and hadronic interactions

The PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider recently reported transverse single-spin asymmetry, ${A}_{N}$, for forward neutrons in ${p}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}A$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN}}}=200\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$. ${A}_{N}$ in ${p}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}\mathrm{Al}$ and ${p}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}\mathrm{Au}$ collisions were measured as $\ensuremath{-}0.015$ and 0.18, respectively. These values are clearly different from the measured ${A}_{N}=\ensuremath{-}0.08$ in ${p}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}p$ collisions. In this paper, I propose that a large ${A}_{N}$ for forward neutrons in ultraperipheral ${p}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}A$ collisions may explain the PHENIX measurements. The proposed model is demonstrated using two Monte Carlo simulations. In the ultraperipheral collision simulation, I use the starlight event generator for the simulation of the virtual photon flux and then use the maid2007 unitary isobar model for the simulation of neutron production in the interactions of a virtual photon with a polarized proton. In the ${p}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}A$ hadronic interaction simulation, the differential cross sections for forward neutron production are predicted by a simple one-pion exchange model and the Glauber model. The simulated ${A}_{N}$ values for both the contribution of ultraperipheral collisions and the hadronic interactions are in good agreement with the PHENIX results.
CORONARY ARTERY STRUCTURAL REMODELING BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS CHANGES OVER THE NEXT 5 YEARS: THE CORONARY ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS (CARDIA) STUDY

Background: Positive coronary artery (CA) remodeling is responsive to changes in coronary flow reserve and prominent early in plaque formation. We hypothesized that positive CA remodeling associates with left ventricular mass (LVM). Methods: In 2,160 black and white male and female CARDIA
Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging predicts eligibility for arthroscopic primary anterior cruciate ligament repair

To assess the role of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the eligibility for arthroscopic primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair. All patients undergoing ACL surgery between 2008 and 2017 were included. Patients underwent arthroscopic primary repair if sufficient tissue length and quality were present, or they underwent single-bundle ACL reconstruction. Preoperative MRI tear locations were graded with the modified Sherman classification: type I (>90% distal remnant length), type II (75–90%), or type III (25–75%). MRI tissue quality was graded as good, fair, or poor. Arthroscopy videos were reviewed for tissue length and quality, and final treatment. Sixty-three repair patients and 67 reconstruction patients were included. Repair patients had more often type I tears (41 vs. 4%, p < 0.001) and good tissue quality (89 vs. 12%, p < 0.001). Preoperative MRI tear location and tissue quality predicted eligibility for primary repair: 90% of all type I tears and 88% of type II tears with good tissue quality were repaired, while only 23% of type II tears with fair tissue quality, 0% of type II tears with poor tissue quality, and 14% of all type III tears could be repaired. This study showed that tear location and tissue quality on preoperative MRI can predict eligibility for arthroscopic primary ACL repair. These findings may guide the orthopaedic surgeon on the preoperative assessment for arthroscopic primary repair of proximal ACL tears. Level IV.