cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of CT findings in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

Objective:To evaluate the correlation between the CT morphologic features and histopathologic findings of solitary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma(BAC).Methods:30 patients(male,14,femal,16,aged from 40 to 75 years,owerage 62 years) with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma proven by surgery and biopsy were enroled in our study.The correlation between CT morphologic features and tumor growth was analyzed.Results:There were 3 types of BAC,in which 18 cases were of solitary nodule,9 cases were of consolidation type,3 cases were of the diffused nodular type.In the solitary nodule type,the main features were pleural traction 9 cases(85.7%),ground glass appearance 16 cases(88.8%),air bronchogram 10 cases(55.5%),vacuoles 14 cases.In consolidation type,the main features were leafless tree sign 6 cases(66.6%),honeycomb sign 4 cases(44.4%),crazy paving pattern in 3 cases(33.3%),angiogram sign 2 cases(22.2%).Conclusion:The imaging features of BAC are complicated,more exact diagnosis can be made after intensively investigating imaging features.
Rational Development of a New Type of HBV Capsid Inhibitors by a Combination of Microsecond-Scale Molecular Dynamics and Docking

Chronic infection by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has no cure and is a major cause of liver damage and liver cancer. According to recent studies, targeting HBV capsid assembly can inhibit the virus growth. The HBV capsid proteins assemble via tetramer intermediates, with two dimer subunits and a pocket between them. Several compounds can bind to this pocket and alter orientation of the two subunits, which in turn inhibits virus growth by either accelerating the capsid assembly, or causing the proteins to assemble into non-capsid linear polymers. However, a greater therapeutic potential could be achieved by rationally designing such compounds.Here, we propose HBV capsid inhibitors from combined molecular dynamics and docking methodologies. We targeted the limiting step in the capsid formation of HBV, which is formation of a hexamer from a tetramer. Microsecond-long tetramer simulations showed slow motions of the two dimer subunits and large fluctuations in the size of the pocket between them. Based on principal component analysis of the tetramer motion, we selected a structure that was unfavorable for trimer formation and had a larger pocket volume compared to the assembled structure. In order to find potential inhibitors we docked over 100,000 compounds to the pocket in the selected structure. The top candidate compounds were selected based on docking score and surface area. The drug-protein complexes were further evaluated with molecular dynamics simulations.
Diet preference and meal patterns of weanling pigs offered diets containing either spray-dried porcine plasma or dried skim milk.

Preference tests and meal pattern analyses were conducted to examine the feed intake response of weanling pigs to spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP). In Exp. 1, 36 weanling pigs (mean +/- SD; 6.2 +/- .8 kg and 26 d of age) were allowed to choose between a SDPP diet (8.5% SDPP, 20% dried whey, 10% lactose, and .13% DL-methionine) and a dried skim milk (DSM) diet (20% each of DSM and dried whey) throughout 21 d postweaning. Twenty-eight pigs preferred the SDPP diet and seven pigs preferred the DSM diet. Preference for SDPP became apparent by d 2 (60% of total feed consumption) and increased (P .10) on meal size, the number of meals, or the percentage of time spent consuming feed. Weanling pigs prefer diets containing SDPP to those containing DSM, and the increased consumption of diets containing SDPP may be due to greater palatability.
Mapping Anti-Administration: Introduction to the Symposium

How can a fly help a spider to think more like a fly? How can it alter the spider's consciousness? How can the fly of anti-administration best help the spider spin a new web beyond its limiting assumptions and traditional consciousness? This symposium reflects on anti-administration. It consists of eight papers that analyze anti-administration and selected implications. The symposium interprets "analysis" in a broad sense. It includes not only traditional analysis but also, in the spirit of anti-administration, imaginative play-with-a-purpose. Before turning to the individual papers, this introduction summarizes the nature, aims and possible source attitudes of anti-administration. It offers a concept map and responds to questions that are frequently asked. Then, it indicates the perspectives in each of the eight papers. I am grateful for the care, insight, imagination and P.A. talent that my colleagues have brought to this symposium.1 The fly proffers new consciousness to the spider.
Semantic Mapping of Orchards

Abstract: We present a method to construct a semantic map of an apple orchard using a LIDAR and a camera rigidly attached to each other. The system is able to capture the map as a standalone sensor which is light-weight and can be mounted on a variety of platforms. At the geometry level, we present a new method to associate image features captured by the camera with 3D points captured by the LIDAR. We then use this method to register 3D point-clouds onto a common frame. We show that our association method yields superior registration performance compared to common methods which work in indoor or urban settings. At the semantic level, the apples are identified as distinct objects. Their locations and diameters are extracted as relevant attributes. As an example, a semantic map of an orchard row is constructed.
Doughboys on the Great War: How American Soldiers Viewed Their Military Experience. By Edward A. Gutiérrez. (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2014. Pp. x, 308. $34.95.)

Unlocking the ways soldiers view their military experiences comes with a host of methodological issues. Wartime letters, often censored or self‐censored, are not an adequate measure of men's morale...
Teaching Grant Writing to Undergraduate Students: A High-Impact Experience

Jorgensen, Ballard, Baugh, Taylor, and Carroll describe how competencies in fundraising are incorporated into the FCS curriculum and describe the methods used to teach the grant-writing process. They address identifying and working with community partners, the writing and peer-review process, reflection, and presentation. Throughout the chapter, the authors illustrate how the experience meets the following high-impact elements: spending considerable amounts of time on the meaningful tasks, interacting about substantive matters, receiving frequent performance feedback, applications to different settings on/off campus, and authentic connections are made with peers, faculty, community, and/or the university. Finally, they conclude with recommendations and quotes from students who have completed the course projects.
Innocent Threats vs Innocent Bystanders A Case Study in Rights Theory

There has been a long-running debate in moral philosophy regarding whether it is morally permissible to kill an innocent threat to save the life of an innocent victim. Rather than take a position in that debate, I argue that an innocent threat’s claim not to be killed to save an innocent victim is at least weaker than an innocent bystander’s. This has implications for just war theory. Moreover, it highlights a problem with the common view of rights, according to which rights may sometimes be infringed for the sake of achieving a lesser evil. This sort of hybrid of rights theory and consequentialism raises unnecessary problems that can be solved by adopting a different framework on rights: the Mechanics of Claims.
Mutationen der G Proteine

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers of information across the cell membrane by coupling receptors to effectors. A large number of G protein-linked receptors funnel extracellular signals as diverse as hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, and primary sensory stimuli through a set of G proteins to a small number of second-messenger systems. The G proteins act as molecular switches with an "on" and "off" state governed by a GTPase cycle. By virtue of its high affinity and specificity for guanine nucleotide binding and its intrinsic GTPase activity, the alpha-subunit of the G protein (G alpha) plays the critical role in regulation of the effectors by their corresponding G protein. Mutations of G alpha may result in either constitutive activation or loss of expression mutations. Given the variety of functions subserved by G protein-coupled signal transduction, it is not surprising that abnormalities in G protein-coupled pathways can lead to diseases with manifestations as dissimilar as blindness, hormone resistance, precocious puberty and neoplasia. For a given defect in a G protein-coupled pathway, the extent of the manifestations will also be determined by the cellular distribution of the affected component. Defects in components expressed exclusively in a single cell type will cause more a focal disorder than defects in a widely expressed component, particularly in germline mutations (e.g., Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy), whereas somatic mutations of genes encoding even an ubiquitously expressed component can cause focal disease when the somatic mutation itself is focal (e.g., McCune-Albright syndrome).
Frank-Starling Curve

The Frank-Starling mechanism describes a relationship where increasing ventricular filling increases cardiac output. Increased preload increases sarcomere stretch inside cardiac myocytes which generate more force during contraction and thereby allows the heart to eject more blood. However, there is a limit to which this relationship can be maintained. In failing ventricles, overstretch can limit or decrease cardiac output. In these cases, reducing myocyte stretch to a more optimal length can improve overall cardiac function.
DUAL- VERSUS MONO-ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TAVR: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES

Current guidelines recommend dual-antiplatelet strategy (DAPT) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), however some studies have suggested that mono-antiplatelet strategy (MAPT) may be equally efficacious with an improved safety profile. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective
Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Abstract A study was conducted in 4 plots within a newly established olive grove in Florida to assess surveillance methods for insects present around the period of olive bloom. Over 99% of thrips collected were Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with occasional collections of predacious Leptothrips pini (Watson) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Collections of thrips using sticky traps or in tap or brush samples were high at the time of bloom, with low numbers before bloom and very low numbers after bloom. No differences in collections were seen among plots for thrips numbers when sampled using sticky cards. However, one plot had higher thrips numbers when sampled using tap and brush samples. Overall, and especially during bloom, blue sticky traps were most attractive, followed by yellow and then white sticky traps. Clear (color-free) traps collected the fewest thrips. Using tap samples, more thrips were collected on the edges than in the middle of the grove. Highly localized high densities of thrips were detected by the tap samples. Although sticky traps were highly effective for collecting thrips, only tap samples detected the localized hot spots. Resumen Se realizo un estudio en 4 parcelas dentro de un huerto de olivos recien establecido en la Florida para evaluar los metodos de vigilancia de los insectos presentes durante el periodo de floracion del olivo. Mas del 99% de los trips colectados fueron Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), con colecciones ocasionales del depredador, Leptothrips pini (Watson) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Las colecciones de trips que utilizan trampas adhesivas o en muestreo por golpe o cepillado las plantas fueron altas en el momento de la floracion, con pocos numeros antes de la floracion y numeros muy bajos despues de la floracion. No se observaron diferencias en las colecciones entre las parcelas de los numeros de los trips cuando se tomaron muestras con tarjetas adhesivas. Sin embargo, una parcela tuvo un mayor numero de thrips cuando se tomaron muestras de por golpe o cepillado de las plantas. En general, y especialmente durante la floracion, las trampas pegajosas azules fueron las mas atractivas, seguidas de las trampas pegajosas amarillas y luego blancas. Las trampas transparentes (sin color) recolectaron la menor cantidad de trips. Utilizando muestras de por golpe de la planta, se recolectaron mas trips en los bordes que en el medio del huerto. Las muestras por golpe de la planta detectaron altas densidades de trips muy localizadas. Aunque las trampas adhesivas fueron muy efectivas para recolectar trips, solo las muestras por golpe de la planta detectaron los puntos calientes localizados de trips. View this article in BioOne
A spectral clustering approach to network-aware virtual request partitioning

Abstract Virtual request partitioning is an essential subproblem of two common problems in virtual networks, namely, virtual network embedding (VNE) and virtual machine placement (VMP). In this study, we consider a network-aware variant of the problem where the objective is to partition a virtual request so as to minimize the total amount of inter-cluster traffic. This problem is equivalent to the (k, v)-balanced partitioning problem, an NP-complete problem. To handle the inherent complexity of this problem, we develop a spectral clustering-based partitioning scheme that produces good solutions in a reasonable amount of time. Our solution consists of several components: (a) spectral clustering, (b) a Constrained k-means partitioning algorithm that ensures that capacity limits for clusters are met, and for which we present a polynomial-time greedy algorithm, and (c) a greedy refinement algorithm using simulated annealing to further improve the clustering solution. Simulation results indicate that our algorithm outperforms existing partitioning schemes in terms of inter-cluster traffic minimization.
Ranked effects of heavy metals on marine bivalves in laboratory mesocosms: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Bivalves are commonly used as biomonitors for heavy metal pollution in marine environments because they accumulate heavy metal ions quickly, are sessile, abundant, and widely dispersed, and adult mortality from contamination is rare. However, the breadth of experiments used to measure the effect of heavy metal contamination can obscure general trends. It is unclear which heavy metals cause the most severe effects, how severity varies with exposure concentration and duration, and whether effects vary with level of biological organization. I conducted a meta-analysis of 48 mesocosm studies on the effects of heavy metal ions – silver, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc – on marine bivalves. The ordering of effect sizes was Pb > Hg > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ag. The significance and direction of concentration and duration as moderators depended on the metal and the biological level. Future studies should consider non-linear effects over time and concentration, and measure both bioaccumulation and effect of the metals being studies.
A novel diagnostic in situ derivatization kit for the simultaneous determination of 14 biomarkers of exposure to benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes in human urine by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and kit optimization using response surface methodology.

Abstract Metabolite profiling can be used as a diagnostic measure for both short and long term co-exposure by individuals to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). A novel one pot derivatization in situ kit (OPDISK) was developed and optimized using a multivariate approach based on central composite design. The OPDISK was designed to simultaneously derivatize, in a urine sample matrix, a series of fourteen carboxylic acid and phenol-bearing urinary metabolites of BTEX to enhance their chromatographic analysis and sensitivity for detection by liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Using the reagent kit, the less responsive functional units on the molecules were converted to permanently positively-charged functional units. The kit was composed of three components, 2-fluoro-1-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (FMP), 3-carbinol-1-methylpyridinium iodide (CMP) and triethylamine (TEA) as a basic catalyst and, only after diluting a urine sample 20 fold with acetonitrile, was applied under mild conditions of room temperature and short reaction time of 20 min. The derivatized biomarkers were then directly analyzed using isotope dilution LC-ESI-MS/MS. The method was sensitive (limit of detection on column ranged from 1.4 pg to 3.1 ng), accurate (mean accuracy from 85% to 114%), and precise (mean coefficient of variation from 1% to 14%). The method results indicated a good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.990) for all metabolites. ClinChek® urine control samples were used successfully to demonstrate the accuracy of the method.
Additional Procedures and Tests in the Diagnostic Process, Laboratory Testing, Electroencephalogram, Imaging, and Psychological Testing

There are a number of procedures and tests that the psychiatric clinician can use to facilitate the assessment process. Although these procedures and tests are usually referred to as diagnostic, they do not always clarify diagnostic issues; indeed, in many instances, they are better thought of as tests of pathogenicity or etiology.
Item Efficiency: An Item Response Theory Parameter with Applications for Improving the Reliability of Mathematics Assessment.

ABSTRACTMany large universities, community colleges and some smaller four-year colleges are turning to hybrid or online instruction for remedial and entry level mathematics courses, often assessed using online exams in a proctored computer lab environment. Faculty face the task of choosing questions from a publisher's text bank with very little, if any, background in test theory and design. We present a new item parameter, item efficiency, that is calculated from the results of an item response theory analysis of a comprehensive college algebra final examination and show that this new parameter may be used to identify items better suited for similar comprehensive final assessments. Further, by relating Item Efficiency to classical test theory item statistics, we propose guidelines that can be used to identify suitable items prior to testing with little or no background in psychometric theory.
C. elegans exhibits coordinated oscillation in gene activation in single-cell developmental data

Background: The advent of in vivo automated single-cell lineaging and sequencing will dramatically increase our understanding of development. New integrative analysis techniques are needed to generate insights from single-cell developmental data. Results: We applied novel meta-analysis techniques to the EPIC single-cell-resolution developmental gene expression dataset for C. elegans to show that a simple linear combination of the expression levels of the developmental genes is strongly correlated with the developmental age of the organism, irrespective of the cell division rate of different cell lineages. We uncovered a pattern of collective sinusoidal oscillation in gene activation, in multiple dominant frequencies and in multiple orthogonal axes of gene expression, pointing to the existence of a coordinated, multi-frequency global timing mechanism. We developed a novel method based on Fisher9s Discriminant Analysis (FDA) to identify linear gene expression weightings that are able to produce sinusoidal oscillations of any frequency and phase, adding to the evidence that oscillatory mechanisms likely play an important role in the timing of development. We cross-linked EPIC with gene ontology and anatomy ontology terms, employing FDA methods to identify previously unknown positive and negative genetic contributions to developmental processes and cell phenotypes. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates new evidence for direct linear and/or sinusoidal mechanisms regulating the timing of development. We uncovered a number of previously unknown positive and negative correlations between developmental genes and developmental processes or cell phenotypes. The presented novel analysis techniques are broadly applicable within developmental biology.
EGFR-directed monoclonal antibodies in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: an updated review of clinical trials and new perspectives in biomarkers analysis.

Abstract Lung cancer still represents one of the most common and fatal neoplasm, accounting for nearly 30% of all cancer-related deaths. Targeted therapies based on molecular tumor features and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) blockade immunotherapy have offered new therapeutic options for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-pathway promotes tumor growth and progression, including angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and inhibition of apoptosis, providing a strong rationale for targeting this pathway. EGFR expression is detected in up to 85% of NSCLC and has been demonstrated to be associated with poor prognosis. Two approaches for blocking EGFR signaling are available: prevention of ligand binding to the extracellular domain with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and inhibition of the intracellular tyrosine kinase activity with small molecules. There is a strong rationale to consider the tumor’s level of EGFR expression as one of the most significant predictive biomarkers in this setting. In this paper we provide an update focusing on the current status of EGFR-directed mAbs use for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC, through a review of all clinical trials involving anti-EGFR mAbs in combination with chemotherapy (CT) for advanced disease and with chemo-radiotherapy for stage III disease. Here we also discuss the current status of predictive biomarkers for anti-EGFR mAbs when added to first-line CT in patients with advanced NSCLC. Finally, we focused on the relevance of EGFR fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)+ and immunohistochemistry (IHC)-Score ≥ 200 as predictive biomarkers for the selection of patients who would be most likely to derive a clinical benefit from treatment with CT in combination with anti-EGFR mAbs, with particular reference also to histology.
Size Determines Efficacy of Nanoparticle Magnetoresistance

The ability of magnetic nanoparticles to act as magnetoresistors depends on their size, not blocking temperature, suggesting a new approach to creating magnetoresistors.
Increasing Interaction in a Flipped Online Classroom through Video Conferencing

Interactive learning is vital to schooled learning because it encourages and enables the exploration and application of knowledge. The difficulty of providing for this learning-based interaction among students who never meet in person has been a continuing concern in online education. This paper describes six different interactive structures (whole group discussions, break-out groups, show-and-tell, independent small groups, online conferences, and virtual poster sessions) developed to allow students in online courses to interact virtually face-to-face using free video conferencing programs and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. Student response to these video conferencing structures in 18 fully online classes was overwhelmingly positive, based on data from anonymous end-of-course evaluations. Student comments emphasized increased engagement and enjoyment from being able to see and talk with each other in both large and small groups, and the value of the relationships and learning community they believed such interaction fostered.
An Aplysia-like synaptic switch for rapid protection against ethanol-induced synaptic inhibition in a mammalian habit circuit

Decades of work in Aplysia californica established the general rule that principles of synaptic plasticity and their molecular mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved from mollusks to mammals. However, an exquisitely sensitive, activity-dependent homosynaptic mechanism that protects against the depression of neurotransmitter release in Aplysia sensory neuron terminals has, to date, not been uncovered in other animals, including mammals. Here, we discover that depression at a mammalian synapse that is implicated in habit formation and habit learning acceleration by ethanol, the fast-spiking interneuron (FSI) to medium spiny principal projection neuron (MSN) synapse of the dorsolateral striatum, is subject to this type of synaptic protection. We show that this protection against synaptic depression is calcium- and PDZ domain interaction-dependent. These findings support activity dependent protection against synaptic depression as an Aplysia-like synaptic switch in mammals that may represent a leveraging point for treating alcohol use disorders.
Affective facial computing: Generalizability across domains

Abstract Automated facial computing (AFC) has made major advances in detecting emotion expression, occurrence and intensity of anatomic facial actions, physical pain, and depression, and revealed dynamics of interpersonal behavior. Commercial and shareware software has become available for general use. AFC systems, however, have yet to be validated for use in domains (e.g., databases) other than those in which they have been trained. To evaluate the generalizability of AFC systems across domains, we reviewed 39 studies that compared within- and between-domain generalizability of AFC. The findings were compromised by lack of comparability across studies. Most studies reported only aggregate findings for disparate tasks and used different performance metrics. Data imbalance, which biases many of the performance metrics, varied across studies. Statistical significance tests between and within studies were not reported. And few if any studies reported variation due to individual differences in participants or other operational factors. With these limitations in mind, the overall finding was that cross-domain generalizability trails that of within-domain performance. To advance cross-domain generalizability, use of transfer learning and especially domain adaptation is proposed. Pending advances in cross-domain generalizability, caution is advised in use of AFC systems in domains other than which they have been trained.
Human-Computer Interaction for Space Situational Awareness (SSA): Towards the SSA Integrated Sensor Viewer (ISV)

Systems intending to achieve any level of space situational awareness inevitably require operator interfaces that enable the operation of sensors and the utilization of sensor provided data. As sensors are frequently owned and operated by other agencies, significant modification of the individual sensor capabilities may be beyond the reach of the space situational awareness system designer. The utilization of the sensor data however is not limited by anything except the ability of the space situational awareness system designer to innovate.
Breast Cancer Voices on Pinterest: Raising Awareness or Just an Inspirational Image?:

The public increasingly searches for and discusses health information online, but few studies have examined breast cancer-related posts on visual social media platforms. To shed light on cancer-focused posts on the visual social media platform Pinterest, this study analyzed a random sample of 476 breast cancer-related posts (also referred to as "pins"). Using a quantitative content analysis, pins were coded for type of visual and textual information included and user engagement with pins (i.e., frequency of repins and comments). This novel research supports the current use and potential future utility of Pinterest as a venue for health communication related to breast cancer. Study results have important implications for the development of future health promotion programs on Pinterest aimed at reducing breast cancer risk among women.
The Association Between Biomarkers and Clinical Outcomes in Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in a U.S. Cohort

Background: The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 remains poorly understood by clinicians. Identifying biologic markers associated with prognosis can help clinicians recognize disease severity. Objective: To describe the association between D-dimer, CRP, IL-6, ferritin, LDH, and clinical outcomes in a cohort of COVID-19 patients treated on the inpatient medical service at a university hospital in Washington, DC. Design: In this retrospective study, we included all adults admitted to the inpatient medicine service at George Washington University Hospital between March 12, 2020 and May 9, 2020 with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors not requiring ICU transfer, survivors requiring ICU transfer, survivors requiring intubation, and non-survivors. Key Results: 299 patients were included in our study, of whom 69 required transfer to the ICU, 39 required intubation, and 71 died. Threshold values for IL-6 (>50 pg/mL), D-dimer (>3 mcg/mL), ferritin (>450 ng/mL), CRP (>100 mg/L), and LDH (1,200 u/L) were found to be statistically significant and independently associated with higher odd of clinical deterioration and death. Hypertension, CVA and heart disease independently had an increased risk of all three outcomes, while CKD had only an increased risk of death. Patient co-morbidities had no effect on the different biomarkers9 significant association with poor patient clinical outcomes, except cancer. Conclusion: Laboratory markers of inflammation and coagulopathy can help clinicians identify patients who are at high risk for clinical deterioration, independent of clinically significant medical comorbidities
Online Education In A Hurry: Delivering Pediatric Graduate Medical Education During COVID-19.

In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an emergency hospital-wide eWork policy was enacted at Boston Children's Hospital on March 16, 2020. The number of clinicians on campus was restricted to only essential personnel, guidelines limited clinical care delivery to solely non-elective patients, and strict maximums were placed on the numbers of people allowed to congregate in the same physical space. With this abrupt transition to social distancing and electronic communication, the established approach to educating graduate medical trainees became obsolete overnight. Anticipating significant impact on trainee and faculty professional and personal lives, the importance of adaptive teaching strategies was evident. This document details one approach to redesigning the clinical learning system including a description of the learners and environment, the pedagogical principles that guided the approach, and technological tools used in implementation. Additionally, available literature pertinent to this topic is explored, assessment of the work to date is presented, and suggestions are provided regarding future directions related to online graduate medical education.
Integrated energy system planning technology and case verification on commercial buildings

As the development of the economy, the energy demand of users has changed from a single demand for electric energy to a multiple demand for electric energy, heat energy and cold energy. At the same time, photovoltaic power generation is becoming more and more popular in energy supply system. With the aim to meet multiple types of energy demands from users, an integrated energy system planning method was proposed in this article. It met the economic energy demand of users through the optimized configuration of various energy supply equipments and the optimization of the operation mode. Finally, we took commercial buildings as the planning object to do the verification study. The energy supply equipments included six elements, such as heat pump unit, photovoltaic power generation system, and electrochemical energy storage unit. The effectiveness of the integrated energy planning method was tested through this planning case.
Chaotic systems with asymmetric heavy-tailed noise: Application to 3D attractors

Abstract Yilmaz et al. (Fluct. Noise Lett. 17, 1830002, 2018) investigated the stochastic phenomenological bifurcations of a generalized Chua circuit driven by Skew-Gaussian distributed noise. They proved it is possible to decrease the number of scrolls by properly choosing the stochastic excitation, manipulating the skewness and noise intensity parameters. Based on the latter, this paper proposes an extension of skew-gaussian noise based on the family of Scale Mixtures of Skew-normal (SMSN) distributions, which includes the skew- t , the skew-gaussian, and the gaussian noises as particular cases. The Lorenz, Generalized Lorenz, Proto–Lorenzand Rossler attractors driven by skew- t distributed noise are considered. Results show that the chaotic regime’s behavior is influenced by the freedom parameter degrees of skew- t noise, increasing the noise variance. This paper concludes that noise intensity increases by rescaling the skew- t distribution at zero mean, rather than by increasing the asymmetry parameter.
TERT promoter mutations and other prognostic factors in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can achieve durable responses in a subset of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (aUC). The use of tumor genomic profiling in clinical practice may help suggest biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit from ICI. Methods We undertook a retrospective analysis of patients treated with an ICI for aUC at a large academic medical center. Patient clinical and histopathological variables were collected. Responses to treatment were assessed for all patients with at least one post-baseline scan or clear evidence of clinical progression following treatment start. Genomic profiling information was also collected for patients when available. Associations between patient clinical/genomic characteristics and objective response were assessed by logistic regression; associations between the characteristics and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined by Cox regression. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Results We identified 119 aUC patients treated with an ICI from December 2014 to January 2020. Genomic profiling was available for 78 patients. Overall response rate to ICI was 29%, and median OS (mOS) was 13.4 months. Favorable performance status at the start of therapy was associated with improved OS (HR 0.46, p=0.025) after accounting for other covariates. Similarly, the presence of a TERT promoter mutation was an independent predictor of improved PFS (HR 0.38, p=0.012) and OS (HR 0.32, p=0.037) among patients who had genomic profiling available. Patients with both a favorable performance status and a TERT promoter mutation had a particularly good prognosis with mOS of 21.1 months as compared with 7.5 months in all other patients (p=0.03). Conclusions The presence of a TERT promoter mutation was an independent predictor of improved OS in a cohort of aUC patients treated with an ICI who had genomic data available. Most of the clinical and laboratory variables previously shown to be prognostic in aUC patients treated with chemotherapy did not have prognostic value among patients treated with an ICI. Genomic profiling may provide important prognostic information and affect clinical decision making in this patient population. Validation of these findings in prospective patient cohorts is needed.
Stable, high-rate anaerobic digestion through vacuum stripping of digestate.

Abstract This study coupled anaerobic digestion with vacuum stripping to achieve stable digestion at higher organic loading rates. Besides mitigation of ammonia inhibition, vacuum stripping of digestate improves solids solubilization and dewaterability due to vacuum-enhanced low-temperature thermal and mild-alkaline treatment under the vacuum stripping conditions (65 °C, 25–27 kPa, and pH 9). Batch vacuum stripping for 8 h removed 97.4–99.4% of ammonia, increased the dissolved fraction of volatile solids (VS) by 72.5%, and improved dewaterability with 30% decreases in time-to-filter and viscosity. The digesters having 2.9% of digestate replaced daily by vacuum stripped digestate were stable up to organic loading rate of 4.3 g-VS/Lreactor/d with biogas production at 3.15 L/Lreactor/d, while the digesters without stripping attained biogas production of 1.90 L/Lreactor/d at its highest stable organic loading rate of 2.5 g-VS/Lreactor/d. Acetoclastic Methanosaeta were the dominant methanogens, which became more resistant to ammonia stress in the digesters with vacuum stripping.
A History of Modern Iran

In a radical reappraisal of Iran's modern history, Ervand Abrahamian traces the country's traumatic journey from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day, through the discovery of oil, imperial interventions, the rule of the Pahlavis, and the birth of the Islamic Republic. The first edition was named the Choice Outstanding Academic Title in 2009. This second edition brings the narrative up to date, with the Green uprisings of 2009, the second Ahmadinejad administration, the election of Rouhani, and the Iran nuclear deal. Ervand Abrahamian, who is one of the most distinguished historians writing on Iran today, is a compassionate expositor, and at the heart of the book is the people of Iran, who have endured and survived a century of war and revolution.
PalmCIS: A wireless handheld application for satisfying clinician information needs

Wireless handheld technology provides new ways to deliver and present information. As with any technology, its unique features must be taken into consideration and its applications designed accordingly. In the clinical setting, availability of needed information can be crucial during the decision-making process. Preliminary studies performed at New York Presbyterian Hospital (NYPH) determined that there are inadequate access to information and ineffective communication among clinicians (potential proximal causes of medical errors). In response to these findings, the authors have been developing extensions to their Web-based clinical information system including PalmCIS, an application that provides access to needed patient information via a wireless personal digital assistant (PDA). The focus was on achieving end-to-end security and developing a highly usable system. This report discusses the motivation behind PalmCIS, design and development of the system, and future directions.
Characterization of Pulsed High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Enhanced Drug and Gene Delivery

Within a certain range of parameters, pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been shown to increase the delivery of systemically administered drugs and plasmid DNA in tumors in mice. The sonicated tissue is not damaged by light microscopy. The mechanism for the enhanced delivery has not been shown conclusively and can include thermal, cavitational, and non‐cavitation mechanical effects. In order to assess the effects of pulsed HIFU in a manner that allows for clinical translation, pulsed HIFU is performed within a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. In this work, the thermal effect is evaluated with phase‐shift MR thermometry in ex vivo chicken muscle. The thermal effect is small at the most common exposure parameters. In the future, non‐thermal effects like permeability, diffusion, and elasticity changes will be evaluated with dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, diffusion‐weighted MRI, and MR elastography. If changes in permeability, diffusion, and shear modulus are associated with pulsed HIFU enhan...
Progressive damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites subjected to flexural loading, part II: Mechanics based multiscale computational modeling of progressive damage and failure

Abstract A mechanics based multiscale computational model is presented to predict the deformation, damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites (H3DTCs) subjected to three-point bending. The geometry of the textile architecture was incorporated in a mesoscale finite element (FE) model, while the H3DTC was homogenized at the macroscale. The mesoscale model is a collection of repeat unit cells (RUCs) that are composed of different types of fiber tows embedded in a surrounding matrix. Matrix microdamage was modeled by a (pre-peak) nonlinear stress versus strain response, using a modified J 2 deformation theory of plasticity incorporating a secant-modulus approach. Fiber tow pre-peak nonlinear response was computed using a novel, two-scale model, in which the subscale micromechanical analysis was carried out in closed-form based upon a unit cell of a fiber–matrix concentric cylinder. Consequently, the influence of matrix microdamage developing at the microscale manifests as the progressive degradation of fiber tow stiffness at the mesoscale. The smeared crack approach (SCA) was employed to model the post-peak softening of the constituents due to failure, including matrix macro-cracking, tow kinking, and tow breaking. This method offers a mesh objective result by relating the post-peak softening response to a traction–separation law that is associated with each failure mechanism through a characteristic length. Thus, the total energy release rate during failure in a continuum element is related to the fracture toughness of the material. The load–deflection responses, along with the progressive damage and failure events, including fiber tow kinking and rupture, are successfully predicted through the proposed computational model. In addition, the textile architecture-dependent effect, observed in the asymmetric H3DTCs, is also captured, demonstrating the predictive capability of the proposed modeling scheme. Since all the inputs are from the constituent level, the model is useful in understanding how the macroscopic response of H3DTCs is influenced by textile architecture and constituent properties. The experimental studies are presented in Part I of this two-part sequence ( Zhang et al., 2015 ).
cMOOCs and Global Learning: An Authentic Alternative.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) continue to attract press coverage as they change almost daily in their format, number of registrations and potential for credentialing. An enticing aspect of the MOOC is its global reach. In this paper, we will focus on a type of MOOC called a cMOOC, because it is based on the theory of connectivism and fits the definition of an Open Educational Resource (OER) identified for this special edition of JALN. We begin with a definition of the cMOOC and a discussion of the connectivism on which it is based. Definitions and a research review are followed with a description of two MOOCs offered by two of the authors. Research on one of these MOOCs completed by a third author is presented as well. Student comments that demonstrate the intercultural connections are shared. We end with reflections, lessons learned and recommendations.
Thermal Degradation of Black Raspberry Anthocyanin Pigments in Model Systems

SUMMARY— The thermal degradation of anthocyanin pigments of black raspberries as influenced by pH, oxygen, sugars and their degradation products were studied. The degradation of the major anthocyanin component (cyanidin-3-digluco-side), the total isolated pigments and the pigment in the natural berry juice was retarded as the pH decreased. Under the same conditions, cyanidin was much more unstable than any of the anthocyanin containing systems. In all cases studied, replacement of the oxygen atmosphere with nitrogen enhanced pigment stability. The rate constants for the thermal degradation of cyanidin-3-diglucoside at various pH levels under oxygen and nitrogen were determined. The sugars studied accelerated pigment destruction to the same extent. Sugar degradation products were more effective than sugars in accelerating anthocyanin breakdown.
Late Neogene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Gulf of Aden region

Abstract The hemilpelagic sedimentary sequence in the Gulf of Aden has yielded a continuous succession of relatively well preserved late Neogene nannofossils. Detailed quantitative study of the nannofossils recognized forty-two datum planes which are potentially useful in the late Neogene biostratigraphy. A high rate of sedimentation (52.2 mm/k.y.) allowed us to recognize even relatively closely spaced datum planes and locate them within the sequence. Absolute ages of the nannofossil datum planes younger than 4 Ma have been estimated by interpolation between tephra layers, for which ages were determined by correlation with paleomagnetically and radiometrically dated tephra layers exposed in East African terrestrial sequences. Ages of the older late Neogene datum planes are estimated by interpolation between the FOD of D. hamatus and the Moitu Tuff, and by extrapolation below the FOD of D. hamatus . Previously defined and newly introduced datum planes define twenty nannofossil zones, six each in the Quaternary, Pliocene and late Miocene, and two in the middle Miocene, with durations of 0.13 to 0.78, 0.37 to 0.81 and 0.14 to 2.49 m.y. in the Quaternary, Pliocene and late Miocene time period respectively. Nine new zones and five new subzones are proposed in this paper, three zones in the Pleistocene, two zones in the Pliocene, two zones and five subzones in the late Miocene, and two zones in the upper part of the middle Miocene. Six new datum planes are introduced, FOD of P. lacunosa in the Pliocene, FOD and LOD of D. neohamatus , LOD's of D. loeblichii and D. calcaris in the late Miocene and LOD of D. extensus in the latest middle Miocene.
A model for deformation and fragmentation in crushable brittle solids

A unified framework of continuum elasticity, inelasticity, damage mechanics, and fragmentation in crushable solid materials is presented. A free energy function accounts for thermodynamics of elastic deformation and damage, and thermodynamically admissible kinetic relations are given for inelastic rates (i.e., irreversible strain and damage evolution). The model is further specialized to study concrete subjected to ballistic loading. Numerical implementation proceeds within a finite element context in which standard continuum elements represent the intact solid and particle methods capture eroded material. The impact of a metallic, spherical projectile upon a planar concrete target and the subsequent motion of the resulting cloud of concrete debris are simulated. Favorable quantitative comparisons are made between the results of simulations and experiments regarding residual velocity of the penetrator, mass of destroyed material, and crater and hole sizes in the target. The model qualitatively predicts aspects of the fragment cloud observed in high-speed photographs of the impact experiment, including features of the size and velocity distributions of the fragments. Additionally, two distinct methods are evaluated for quantitatively characterizing the mass and velocity distributions of the debris field, with one method based upon a local energy balance and the second based upon global entropy maximization. Finally, the model is used to predict distributions of fragment masses produced during impact crushing of a concrete sphere, with modest quantitative agreement observed between results of simulation and experiment.