cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences in the interconversion between 20- and 22-carbon (n - 3) and (n - 6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat liver.

Abstract When male weanling rats were fed diets containing either 5% corn oil or a diet in which half of the corn oil was replaced by fish oil, the 20:5(n −3) in liver choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides, not only partially replaced arachidonate but also paired with palmitic and stcaric acids in the same molar ratio as did arachidonate. The 22:5(n − 3)/22:6(n − 3) ratio in the liver phospholipids of corn oil fed rats was similar to that found when the esterified levels of these two acids were increased 5-fold by feeding fish oil. Moreover, the pairing of both 22:5(n − 3) and 22:6(n − 3) with palmitic and stearic acids, on a molar ratio basis, was relatively independent of the total amount of esterified 22:5(n − 3) and 22:6(n − 3). When (3-14C)-labeled 22:4(n − 6) was injected into rats raised on a chow diet or incubated with hepatocytes from these animals, its primary metabolic fate was retroconversion to arachidonate followed by esterification. Conversely, [3-14C]22:5(n − 3) was a poorer substrate for retroconversion with a larger amount being esterified directly into phospholipids and, in addition, this acid served as a precursor for 22:6(n − 3). The enhanced metabolism of both [3-14C]22:4(n − 6) to 22:5(n − 6) and of [3-14C]22:5(n − 3) to 22:6(n − 3) in animals raised on a diet devoid of fat or in their hepatocytes may possibly be due to elevated 6-desaturase activity and/or the level of this enzyme or enzymes. This hypothesis is based on studies showing that the synthesis of 22:6(n − 3) proceeds via a pathway independent of a 4-desaturase but reguires the use of a 6-desaturase at two steps (Voss, A., Reinhart, M., Sankarappa, S. and Sprecher, H. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19995–20000).
Does travel distance influence length of stay in elective pancreatic surgery

Background Length of stay (LoS) following elective surgery is being reported as an outcomes quality measure. Regional referral centres may care for patients travelling significant distances. The effect of travel distance on LoS in pancreatic surgery patients was examined.
The Limits of Decentralisation: Legislative Careers and Territorial Representation in Spain

Scholars of decentralisation in comparative perspective have argued that these reforms should lead to a ‘territorialisation of politics’. For the party system and the legislature this means that subnational interests will increasingly influence rules and practices as well as positions on policy choice. This study tests this proposition in Spain, which has undergone extensive decentralisation during its democratic history (1977–present). By examining the career trajectories of deputies in the ruling lower house, the study finds little evidence that decentralisation expanded the influence of subnational representatives within the party system or the parliament of democratic Spain. This was true despite the growing cohort of deputies with subnational experience in the Congreso, the ability of subnational party offices to recruit and place candidates on electoral lists, and the increasing importance of regional issues in national elections.
Evaluation of veterinary patients with brain disease.

Veterinarians sometimes seem to believe that the neurologic examination is a mystifying process best undertaken only by specialists. The truth is that the initial evaluation of patients with neurologic disease is based on an orderly process of clinical reasoning that involves the same powers of observation that clinicians use daily in other patients. However, as with any clinical skill, performing and interpreting a neurologic examination does require practice. Clinicians are encouraged to occasionally perform a neurologic examination on patients without neurologic disease to become familiar with normal findings and stay proficient in the procedure. With a little practice and basic understanding of the principles, there is no reason why a general practitioner cannot feel comfortable in the initial evaluation of patients with brain disease. The evaluation of patients with brain disease involves 2 critical questions: ‘‘Where is it?’’ and ‘‘What is it?’’ The first question refers to the anatomic diagnosis, the second to the etiologic diagnosis. Initially, the anatomic diagnosis usually takes precedence over the etiologic diagnosis. When an etiologic diagnosis is elusive, an anatomic diagnosis allows the veterinarian to focus diagnostic tests on the appropriate region of the nervous system. Once the disease is localized, the cause can be determined, based on the clinical features of the various diseases. This article describes a practical approach to neurologic history and examination. It alsobrieflydiscussessomeofthediagnosticproceduresusedtoconfirmadiagnosisin patientswithbraindisease,suchasanalysisofspinalfluid,computedtomography(CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although these procedures are not widely available in most general practices, it is helpful for all clinicians to have a basic understanding of these advanced procedures for cases for which referral is appropriate. HISTORY The history is the most essential part of the evaluation. After taking the history, the astute clinician has formulated an appropriate differential list, if not the actual
Effects of Spaceflight and Skeletal Unloading on Bone Fracture Healing

The physiological adaptation of humans to harsh extracorporeal conditions such as those endured during space flight missions is incompletely understood and deserves considerably more attention to better comprehend and prepare space flight personnel for these alterations. Notable and well-documented changes include the loss of musculoskeletal homeostasis and impairment of bone remodeling. These deleterious effects promote loss of bone mass and mineral density and could lead to insufficient reparative processes such as fracture healing. Knowing this, the question arises as to whether extended exposure to space flight would promote altered musculoskeletal physiologies that impinge upon the normal reparative response should a fracture occur during, or some time after, space flight. This review will provide a survey of existing literature concerning fracture healing, as it pertains to space flight and ground-based unloading analogs, as well as introduce experimentally derived mechanistic hypotheses to address the ramifications of space flight on bone fracture healing. Overall, the consensus from this literature concludes that fracture healing is delayed substantially in animals exposed to space flight or unloading. The use of ground-based models of physiological adaptation to microgravity coupled with valuable insights gleaned from actual space flight missions may lead to the development of novel countermeasures that could alleviate deficiencies in musculoskeletal homeostasis and bone remodeling, among other physiological alterations, for use in future long-duration space missions.
The construction of Chinese chess computer game platform

The construction of computer Chinese chess game platform creates favorable conditions for the development of discrete event dynamic system theory and provides a good research platform for solving dynamic countermeasure problems in discrete system. This paper analyses the existing problems of computer Chinese chess game, the structure and performance of computer Chinese chess game platform and the latest progress in the field of computer Chinese chess game. Additionally, it introduces the superior self-made teaching experience instruments with high practical value to combine education with recreation and improve university innovative research atmosphere.
Implementation of a Routine Developmental Follow-up Program for Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Early Results

Objective. To describe the implementation of a routine developmental follow-up program for children with congenital heart disease, summarize the developmental outcomes of the first clinic visits of the referred patients, and determine what factors predict variability in early developmental outcomes. Design. Infants with congenital heart disease who had cardiac surgery within the first 30 days of life, had a cyanotic lesion (with or without surgery) or were believed to be at risk for developmental delay due to comorbid conditions or perioperative complications such as seizures or stroke were referred to the program as part of standard clinical care. Patients were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development—III. This study reports results from 95 patients (January 2007–October 2009) who had their first developmental follow-up visit at less than 1 year of age. Results. Patients were 7.2 ± 1.2 months at their first evaluation. Bayley scores (mean/standard deviation) for the entire group were: Cognitive 100.8 ± 11.9; Language 96.3 ± 12.7; and Motor 88.6 ± 18.6. Scores for language and motor achievement were significantly lower than population norms. 44% of children had at least one low score (defined as > 1standard deviation below the mean). Of children meeting state criteria for early intervention services, 31% were not receiving any early intervention services. Risk factors for worse developmental outcomes (P < .05) included more open heart procedures, the presence of additional medical/genetic conditions, and the need for supplemental tube feedings. Developmental outcomes were not significantly related to gestational age, prenatal diagnosis, diagnostic category, or age at first surgery. Conclusions. Implementation of a routine developmental follow-up program for congenital heart disease patients is possible and useful in identifying those patients who would benefit most from early intervention.
Effect of intraportal glucagon-like peptide-1 on glucose metabolism in conscious dogs.

Arteriovenous difference and tracer ([3-3H]glucose) techniques were used in 42-h-fasted conscious dogs to identify any insulin-like effects of intraportally administered glucagon-like peptide 1-(7–...
Closure to "Discussion on 'Placement of PMUs to Enable Bad Data Detection in State Estimation'"

The main objective of this paper is to enable bad data detection for all measurements by strategically placing a minimum number of PMUs in power systems. An algorithm is developed and presented for this purpose. An extension of the algorithm is also presented where the local redundancy is increased to some desired level by adding more PMUs. The extension of the algorithm transforms some of the critical pairs so that errors in them can be identified; however, as indicated clearly at the bottom of Section III-E2 of the paper, there is no guarantee that all critical pairs will be transformed.
Layered communications architecture for the Global Grid

A layered communications architecture is advocated for the military's Global Communications Grid (GCG) or Global Grid (GG), the communications infrastructure of the Global Information Grid (GIG). A seven-layer reference model consisting of mission, application, service, transport, network, link and physical layers is introduced; the GG corresponds to the transport and network layers. The fundamental concept for military interoperability inherent in the GG architecture, viz., network-centricity, is explained. The importance of "layering" communications protocols and functions is discussed. Examples of layering communications, management and security functions are provided.
Conceptual design of complex electronic systems

In this paper, we describe the proposed general strategy of concept formation for abstract levels of electronic system (ES) design. As a general method of conceptual decision making a procedure for the inheritance of alternative variants using the key conceptual primitive is proposed. We emphasize the role of personal constructs as the linking units in the hierarchy of the inheriting concepts. In addition we introduce the idea of mental simulation as an informal individual procedure which is based on the intuitive mechanism of concept formation. Finally, we discuss the main components of a directive conceptual framework.
Relationships between the timing of social interactions and preschoolers’ engagement in preschool classrooms:

Social factors in the classroom (such as interactions with peers and teachers, talk, observation of others, and presence of peers and teachers) influence engagement, but little is known about the s...
Molecular characterization of hpuAB, the haemoglobin-haptoglobin-utilization operon of Neisseria meningitidis

Summary We previously identified HpuB, an 85 kDa Fe-repressible protein required for utilization of Fe from, and binding to, haemoglobin and the haemoglobin‐haptoglobin complex. The gene for hpuB was cloned from Neisseria meningitidis strain DNM2 and the predicted amino acid sequence indicates that HpuB is an outer membrane receptor belonging to the TonB family of high-affinity transport proteins. A second open reading frame, predicted to encode a 34.8 kDa lipoprotein, was discovered 58 to hpuB, and was designated hpuA. HpuA was identified in a total-membrane-protein preparation by construction of a mutant lacking HpuA. Acylation of HpuA was confirmed by [ 3 H]-palmitic acid labelling of meningococci. Consensus promoter sequences were not apparent 58 to hpuB. The hpuA insertion mutation exerted a polar effect, abolishing expression of hpuB, suggesting that hpuA and hpuB are co-transcribed. The 3.5 kb polycistronic hpuAB mRNA was identified and shown to be transcriptionally repressed by iron. The transcriptional start site was identified 33 nucleotides 58 to the hpuA translational start site, appropriately positioned around consensus promoter and ferric uptake regulator (Fur)-box sequences. The structure of this operon suggests that HpuA‐HpuB is a two-component receptor analogous to the bipartite transferrin receptor TbpB‐TbpA.
The Key to Successful Organic Synthesis Is...

Selective carbon-carbon bond formation plays a key role in organic synthesis. Existing methods are not perfect, however, and elaborate synthesis routes may be needed for a seemingly simple addition. In his Perspective, Jones highlights the report by Cho et al ., who describe an important new route to carbon-carbon bond formation between unsaturated carbon centers. The reactions are quite general and selective and are likely to find widespread application in organic synthesis.
Explaining Why So Many People Do Not Save

There are vast differences in wealth holdings, even among households in similar age groups. In addition, a large percentage of U.S. households arrive close to retirement with little or no wealth. While many explanations can be found to rationalize these facts, approximately thirty percent of households whose head is close to retirement have done little or no planning for retirement. Planning is shaped by the experience of other individuals: individuals learn to plan for retirement from older siblings. They also learn from the experience of old parents. In particular, unpleasant events, such as financial difficulties and health shocks at the end of life, provide incentives toward planning. In addition, planning affects wealth levels as well as portfolio choice. Individuals who plan are more likely to hold large amounts of wealth and to invest their wealth holdings in high return assets, such as stocks. Thus, planning plays an important role in explaining the saving behavior of many households.
Bulk acoustic wave mode shaping using a transversely graded electrode

This paper presents the basic principles of the transverse graded electrode (TGE) for the tailoring of BAW transverse modes. The theoretical basis and equations are summarized and the stacked matrix theory for solutions of the mode profiles is introduced for the BAW structures. The stacked matrix approach, well known from optics and electromagnetics, is powerful since it allows for easy solution of an arbitrary number of one dimensional waveguide sections. The results assume an isotropic substrate in the transverse propagation directions for solutions of the number of modes, the mode profiles, the mode velocities, and mode coupling. Different theoretical mode profiles are presented for various electrode weighting schemes.
TLC: transmission line caches

It is widely accepted that the disproportionate scaling of transistor and conventional on-chip interconnect performance presents a major barrier to future high performance systems. Previous research has focused on wire-centric designs that use parallelism, locality, and on-chip wiring bandwidth to compensate for long wire latency. An alternative approach to this problem is to exploit newly-emerging on-chip transmission line technology to reduce communication latency. Compared to conventional RC wires, transmission lines can reduce delay by up to a factor of 30 for global wires, while eliminating the need for repeaters. However, this latency reduction comes at the cost of a comparable reduction in bandwidth. In this paper, we investigate using transmission lines to access large level-2 on-chip caches. We propose a family of transmission line cache (TLC) designs that represent different points in the latency/bandwidth spectrum. Compared to the recently-proposed dynamic non-uniform cache architecture (DNUCA) design, the base TLC design reduces the required cache area by 18% and reduces the interconnection network's dynamic power consumption by an average of 61%. The optimized TLC designs attain similar performance using fewer transmission lines but with some additional complexity. Simulation results using full-system simulation show that TLC provides more consistent performance than the DNUCA design across a wide variety of workloads. TLC caches are logically simpler than DNUCA designs, but require greater circuit and manufacturing complexity.
Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction by detection of circulating cardiac myosin light chains

A radioimmunoassay for human cardiac myosin light chains (CM-LC) was developed and evaluated as a selective diagnostic test for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The assay had a sensitivity of 1.0 ng/ml (±2 standard deviations) in serum. Eighty-three patients with confirmed AMI all showed an elevated plasma concentration of CM-LC at some time during the course of their illness. Of 9 patients from whom early blood samples were obtained, 7 had diagnostic concentrations within 6 hours from the onset of chest pain. Only 2 had an elevated total creatine kinase level at this time. CM-LC concentrations peaked on days 2 to 4, but remained elevated in patients with large AMIs for more than 1 week. In preinfarction syndrome, 8 of 15 patients had elevated CM-LC levels at least once. Of 15 patients with stable angina pectoris, only 1 patient, who had congestive heart failure, showed elevated light chain levels. CM-LC levels were not detectable by this method in the sera of healthy persons (n = 72), patients with recent intramuscular injection (n = 3), or those with a variety of systemic illnesses (n = 14). In initial studies using an antiserum having 25% cross-reactivity between cardiac and skeletal muscle myosin light chains, 3 patients who had extensive skeletal muscle damage appeared to have elevated concentrations. Patients with this finding have not yet been examined with a more specific antiserum (8% cross-reactivity). The duration of CM-LC elevation in the circulation may be related to the extent of myocardial damage. This method may therefore provide a specific and sensitive diagnosis of early as well as late myocardial necrosis.
Breast cancer - review of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and traditional chinese medicine (TCM) approach

In this article we reviewed currently breast cancer risk factors diagnosis and therapeutic opportunity in conventional medicine and complementary alternative medicine CAM as well as Chinese Traditional Medicine CTM summarized different views on breast cancer between two medicines and application of utilizing CAM CTM in treatment of breast cancer nbsp In old CTM book described breast cancer as ldquo Yan rdquo and considered it is significantly related to emotional change special depression and lifetime hardship In early stages acupuncture and herb medicine can be considered as alternative medicine for treatment nbsp Exercise to maintain good emotion can be considered as an effective way to prevent from breast cancer However better designed trials of CAM CTM methods on breast cancer prevention progression treatment and outcomes are needed in order to standardize their use as we move towards the personal medicine approach nbsp Regular screen breast cancer in conventional medicine and early stage treatment is important
Some Undecidable Theories

Corresponding to our list in Chapter 13 of decidable theories we begin this section with a list of undecidable theories. As we have previously indicated, most undecidable theories satisfy one of the two stronger properties of inseparability or finite inseparability, and we shall indicate these properties in the table below.
High-Throughput Screen in Cryptococcus neoformans Identifies a Novel Molecular Scaffold That Inhibits Cell Wall Integrity Pathway Signaling

Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the most important human fungal pathogens; however, no new therapies have been developed in over 50 years. Fungicidal activity is crucially important for an effective anticryptococal agent and, therefore, we screened 361,675 molecules against C. neoformans using an adenylate kinase release assay that specifically detects fungicidal activity. A set of secondary assays narrowed the set of hits to molecules that interfere with fungal cell wall integrity and identified three benzothioureas with low in vitro mammalian toxicity and good in vitro anticryptococcal (minimum inhibitory concentration = 4 μg/mL). This scaffold inhibits signaling through the cell wall integrity MAP kinase cascade. Structure-activity studies indicate that the thiocarbonyl moiety is crucial for activity. Genetic and biochemical data suggest that benzothioureas inhibit signaling upstream of the kinase cascade. Thus, the benzothioureas appear to be a promising new scaffold for further exploration in the search for new anticryptococcal agents.
Exclusion of Death-Scrupled Jurors and International Due Process

The exclusion from capital juries of certain prospective jurors who are death-scrupled has been found by the U.S. Supreme Court not to violate any constitutional guarantee relating to fair trial. In recent decades, international standards have become more refined on procedural guarantees required in capital cases. Death-qualification is of questionable validity under international standards, in particular the guarantee of trial by an impartial tribunal.
Authoritative School Climate and High School Student Risk Behavior: A Cross-sectional Multi-level Analysis of Student Self-Reports

Many adolescents engage in risk behaviors such as substance use and aggression that jeopardize their healthy development. This study tested the hypothesis that an authoritative school climate characterized by strict but fair discipline and supportive teacher-student relationships is conducive to lower risk behavior for high school students. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyze cross-sectional, student-report survey data from a statewide sample of 47,888 students (50.6 % female) in 319 high schools. The students included ninth (26.6 %), tenth (25.5 %), eleventh (24.1 %) and twelfth (23.8 %) grade with a racial/ethnic breakdown of 52.2 % White, 18.0 % Black, 13.1 % Hispanic, 5.9 % Asian, and 10.8 % reporting another or two or more race/ethnicities. Schools with an authoritative school climate had lower levels of student-reported alcohol and marijuana use; bullying, fighting, and weapon carrying at school; interest in gang membership; and suicidal thoughts and behavior. These results controlled for demographic variables of student gender, race, grade, and parent education level as well as school size, percentage of minority students, and percentage of low income students. Overall, these findings add new evidence that an authoritative school climate is associated with positive student outcomes.
The Proventricular Armature of Curculionidae (Coleoptera)

Curculionid weevils have three types of proventricular armature. The simplest type occurs in primitive groups of weevils with straight antennae, and is characterized by eight longitudinal, unsclerotized folds randomly covered with discrete setae. The majority of curculionids have eight sclerotized plates, each bearing two dense rows of setae in longitudinal arrangement. Ophryastini, Thecesterninae, and Gonipterinae also have eight sclerotized plates, but each plate bears a large, toothlike process. Representatives of 54 subfamilies were studied.
Rapid Synthesis of Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinol Analogs via Dearomative Conjunctive Allylic Annulation

Polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are structurally complex natural products with promising biological activities. Herein, we present a biosynthesis-inspired, diversity-oriented synthesis approach for rapid construction of PPAP analogs via double decarboxylative allylation (DcA) of acylphloroglucinol scaffolds to access allyl-desoxyhumulones followed by dearomative conjunctive allylic alkylation (DCAA).
Duration of Task: An Indicator of Differentiation between Motoneuron Pools

Sustaining an isometric contraction at a percentage of maximum contraction value prior to fatigue is significantly longer for the dominant arm than the non-dominant arm as reanalysis of data shows. This peripheral motor parameter which differentiates handedness as reflected in motoneuron pools may clarify the relationship between contralateral motor function and functional cerebral lateralizations.
Troubleshooting for common breakdowns of XS-800i blood analyzer

This paper introduces the common failure maintenance of Sysmex XS800i blood analyzer and makes an analysis of the causes of these failures to put forward some maintenance methods.
Knowing Our Own Consciousness

At the most basic level, our introspective knowledge of our own minds originates with the knowledge we have of our conscious experiences through those very experiences themselves. Simply put, we know ourselves by being ourselves, not as objects but rather through the qualitative character of our experiences as living subjects. Many philosophers have brought attention to the qualitative, experiential character of consciousness, often referred to as phenomenal consciousness, and I will draw on this attention here to explicate an immediate kind of knowledge that we have in virtue of being constituted by our conscious states as embodied beings in the world. In other words, our lived experiences themselves are a kind of knowledge, which may be referred to as ‘phenomenal knowledge’. As a kind of self-knowledge that is intrinsic to lived experience itself, phenomenal knowledge can be understood as an elemental component of introspection, with unique epistemic properties that are distinct from those of other kinds of knowledge, including other kinds of introspective knowledge.
Distal biceps tendon history, updates, and controversies: from the closed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons meeting—2015

Understanding of the distal biceps anatomy, mechanics, and biology during the last 75 years has greatly improved the physician's ability to advise and to treat patients with ruptured distal tendons. The goal of this paper is to review the past and current advances on complete distal biceps ruptures as well as controversies and future directions that were discussed and debated during the closed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons meeting in 2015.
An Iteration Method for the Specification of Multigroup Bucklings

A method is described for specifying the transverse leakage (buckling) in each energy group of a multigroup solution of the neutron transport equation. For two dimensional geometry a transverse buckling is associated with one direction and the resulting one-dimensional problem is solved; this gives the first estimate of the energy dependent buckling in the first direction. The next calculation uses this energy dependent buckling as the transverse buckling for a one-dimensional calculation in the other direction. As applied to a completely reflected finite cylindrical core, the method uses the core absorptions and leakages obtained from a one-dimensional multigroup calculation to predict the group bucklings to be used in the next iteration in the other direction. The process is repeated until the buckling in each group in each direction converges. The IBM-704 multigroup diffusion code GNU was used in conjunction with this buckling iteration method to compute the equivalent spherical radii of a number of fully reflected finite cylindrical cores for which experimental data are available. The equivalent sphere diameters as calculated by the buckling iteration method deviate from the experimental diameters by an average of two per cent over the range height to diameter ratios from 1/3 to 5. Themore » converged value of the multiplication constant was found to be independent of the initial guess made for the axial or radial buckling and insensitive to the transverse bucklings assumcd for the regions outside the core for all except very small cores. (auth)« less
Calcium-assisted reduction of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for nanostructured iron cobalt with enhanced magnetic performance

This paper demonstrates the potential of a calcium-assisted reduction process for synthesizing fine-grain (~100 nm) metal alloys from metal oxide nanoparticles. To demonstrate the process, an iron cobalt alloy (Fe66Co34) is obtained by hydrogen annealing 7-nm cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in the presence of calcium granules. The calcium serves as a strong reducing agent, promoting the phase transition from cobalt ferrite to a metallic iron cobalt alloy, while maintaining high crystallinity. Magnetic measurements demonstrate the annealing temperature is the dominant factor of tuning the grain size and magnetic properties. Annealing at 700 °C for 1 h maximizes the magnetic saturation, up to 2.4 T (235 emu/g), which matches that of bulk iron cobalt.
FLaME: Fast Lightweight Mesh Estimation Using Variational Smoothing on Delaunay Graphs

We propose a lightweight method for dense online monocular depth estimation capable of reconstructing 3D meshes on computationally constrained platforms. Our main contribution is to pose the reconstruction problem as a non-local variational optimization over a time-varying Delaunay graph of the scene geometry, which allows for an efficient, keyframeless approach to depth estimation. The graph can be tuned to favor reconstruction quality or speed and is continuously smoothed and augmented as the camera explores the scene. Unlike keyframe-based approaches, the optimized surface is always available at the current pose, which is necessary for low-latency obstacle avoidance. FLaME (Fast Lightweight Mesh Estimation) can generate mesh reconstructions at upwards of 230 Hz using less than one Intel i7 CPU core, which enables operation on size, weight, and power-constrained platforms. We present results from both benchmark datasets and experiments running FLaME in-the-loop onboard a small flying quadrotor.
Fernando Vidal and Francisco Ortega. Being Brains: Making the Cerebral Subject. New York: Fordham University Press, 2017. 304 pp. $60.00 (hardcover). ISBN 9780823276073.

In Being Brains, Fernando Vidal and Francisco Ortega continue a trajectory of critical scholarship, which began nearly a decade ago, on the history and cultural analysis of what they have called th...
Towards a Better Understanding of Chess Players’ Personalities: A Study Using Virtual Chess Players

Virtual humans emerged as a topic of research in HCI and they have been used for various purposes. This paper explores the behavior of chess players in a virtual chess environment to gain more understanding about chess personalities. In particular, the focus of this research is investigating attack and defense strategies used by virtual chess grandmasters against different virtual class-B personalities who vary in their strength in the different stages of a game. These attack and defense strategies have attracted much attention in the chess community and are considered among the main aspects to chess players. They occur in different phases of the game: opening, middle game and endgame. The researcher examines virtual chess players to understand the psychology of competition between two grandmasters (attacker, defender) and three class-B chess players with different personalities: (a) strong at openings; (b) weak at openings, but strong at endgames and (c) balanced player. The virtual humans in this research represent personalities of real players. The empirical players’ results showed that the personalities could influence the error and the number of moves of the game for both grandmasters and class-B players. Such findings can be used in designing virtual chess players.
INTRODUCTION TO GNOTOBIOLOGY

This chapter presents an introduction to gnotobiology. The term “gnotobiology” is derived from Greek roots to indicate known biota. This includes studies of, or knowledge of, germfree and inoculated germfree animals. The term “gnotobiotic” includes germfree and the conditions in which specific known microorganisms are present in the host animal. Because a word for the host was needed under this special condition, the term “gnotophore” was applied to the gnotobiotic host having one or more species of microorganisms intimately associated with it. Different categories of gnotophores are obtained depending upon the number of microbial species present. The simplest is a dibiotic system in which one species of microorganism is inoculated into one species of macroorganism. Two inoculated microbial species form a tribiotic system.
'Monster Scydmaenus' of Australia: revision of subgenus Corbulifer Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

The subgenus Corbulifer Franz of Scydmaenus Latreille is distributed along the east coast of the continental Australia. It was defined mainly on the basis of monstrously enlarged male metatibiae, which can be over twice as broad as femora. To date, two species (one with three subspecies) were known. Corbulifer is here revised and redefined, with characters not related to the male sexual dimorphism added to the diagnosis. Scydmaenus tamborinensis cunninghamensis Franz and S. tamborinensis maipotonensis Franz are placed as junior synonyms of S. tamborinensis Franz; S. pseudorobustus Franz is redescribed, and eight new species are described: S. monstrosetibialis sp. n., S. bellenderanus sp. n., S. kiwarrakianus sp. n., S. gushi sp. n., S. gibraltar sp. n., S. eungellanus sp. n., S. fishermontanus sp. n. and S. super sp. n.
Peeling the Onion's User Experience Layer: Examining Naturalistic Use of the Tor Browser

The strength of an anonymity system depends on the number of users. Therefore, User eXperience (UX) and usability of these systems is of critical importance for boosting adoption and use. To this end, we carried out a study with 19 non-expert participants to investigate how users experience routine Web browsing via the Tor Browser, focusing particularly on encountered problems and frustrations. Using a mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative approach to study one week of naturalistic use of the Tor Browser, we uncovered a variety of UX issues, such as broken Web sites, latency, lack of common browsing conveniences, differential treatment of Tor traffic, incorrect geolocation, operational opacity, etc. We applied this insight to suggest a number of UX improvements that could mitigate the issues and reduce user frustration when using the Tor Browser.
“So Much a Piece of Nature”: Emerson, Webster, and the Transcendental Constitution

This essay tracks Ralph Waldo Emerson's obsession with Daniel Webster, from early hero-worship to bitter disillusionment over the Fugitive Slave Act to posthumous vindication. It argues that Webste...
The association between admission glucose levels and outcomes in adults admitted to a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Hyperglycemia at the time of hospital admission has been associated with poor outcomes in several patient groups, but there is little information about this association in hospitalized ...
Corrigendum to ‘Social security: less socially connected marmots produce noisier alarm calls’ [Animal Behaviour 154 (2019) 131–136]

The nonlinearity and fear hypothesis predicts that the structure of alarm vocalizations will be influenced by the signaller's internal state. Specifically, stressed or otherwise more aroused individuals will produce alarm calls that are relatively more nonlinear (i.e. they sound noisier). The position of an individual in a social network can influence an individual's sense of security. More centrally located individuals may feel more secure and thus we might expect that they would produce noisier calls. Building on previous research about the influence of social relationships on an individual's sense of security, we asked whether social network position explained variation in the noisiness (quantified as Wiener entropy) and goodness of pitch of alarm calls produced by trapped yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventer. More socially isolated individuals, characterized by lower outstrength, produced alarm calls with higher entropy and higher goodness of pitch. These isolated individuals may be more aroused because they have fewer social partners to depend on when presented with a predatory threat; therefore, they produce both noisy and potentially louder calls. Additionally, individuals with higher outcloseness produced calls with higher goodness of pitch, which may be indicative of their ability to better inform neighbours of impending threats. Overall, this study further illustrates how an individual's social network position influences the structure of its alarm calls, which could reflect how individuals perceive their current safety levels.
Biomarqueurs des gliomes : en quoi ont-ils changé la prise en charge ?

Resume L’etude des caracteristiques moleculaires des gliomes est devenue indispensable pour la prise en charge diagnostique et therapeutique. Elle permet un diagnostic plus robuste, une meilleure definition du pronostic, la mise en place de traitements plus adaptes et la realisation d’essais therapeutiques dans des groupes plus homogenes de patients ce qui devrait permettre de faire des progres plus rapides.
Crisis Stabilization Services

Crisis stabilization services vary from a psychiatric emergency service that can observe and treat patients for 24–48 h to community crisis stabilization centers that are geared to the voluntary psychiatric patient who does not meet the criteria of grave disability or danger to self or others. All services provide a respite for patients and help to alleviate the burden of psychiatric patients in emergency departments. Services may include the ability to assess and treat acute psychiatric conditions, substance intoxication and detoxification, and psychiatric conditions in the context of substance use disorders. This chapter will focus on the voluntary community crisis stabilization center and discuss the limitations and capabilities of the system, personnel needs, and other aspects that must be considered.
Direct potable water recycling in Texas: case studies and policy implications

Direct potable water recycling (DPR) is increasingly recognized as an important strategy in the face of water shortage. DPR often is challenged by a lack of public support and in some cases has bee...
Pre-late Heavy Bombardment Evolution of the Earth's Obliquity

The Earth's obliquity is stabilized by the Moon, which facilitates a rapid precession of the Earth's spin axis, detuning the system away from resonance with orbital modulation. It is, however, likely that the architecture of the solar system underwent a dynamical instability-driven transformation, where the primordial configuration was more compact. Hence, the characteristic frequencies associated with orbital perturbations were likely faster in the past, potentially allowing for secular resonant encounters. In this work, we examine if, at any point in the Earth's evolutionary history, the obliquity varied significantly. Our calculations suggest that even though the orbital perturbations were different, the system nevertheless avoided resonant encounters throughout its evolution. This indicates that the Earth obtained its current obliquity during the formation of the Moon.
Frontiers of astrophysics with SmallSats

SmallSats extend the frontiers of astrophysics, and present an opportunity with which to develop the next generation of scientists and engineers. Achieving high-impact research with SmallSats is increasingly feasible due to advances in technologies such as precision pointing, compact sensitive detectors and the miniaturization of propulsion systems. Science cases for SmallSat observatories (including CubeSats) being developed now include the discovery and characterization of exoplanets, stars, black holes and radio transients. SmallSats also represent a fantastic “on-ramp” to bring more people into mission development by providing opportunities for students and new PIs to get hands-on, end-to-end leadership, research and engineering experience. This combination of people development with new technology provides diverse opportunities to advance astrophysics knowledge.
Perceptions of Chiropractic Care Among Women With Migraine: A Qualitative Substudy Using a Grounded-Theory Framework

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize expectations, attitudes, and experiences of individuals with migraine who were randomly assigned to receive chiropractic care delivered within a randomized controlled trial in a hospital-based integrative care center. Methods This qualitative substudy was conducted as a part of a 2-arm pilot pragmatic randomized controlled trial investigating a multimodal model of chiropractic care for women with episodic migraine (4-13 migraines per month). Women were randomly assigned to chiropractic care (10 sessions over 14 weeks) plus enhanced usual care vs enhanced usual care alone. Semistructured interviews were conducted at baseline and 14-week follow-up with 15 randomly selected participants from the 29 participants randomized to the chiropractic group. Qualitative analysis was performed by 2 independent reviewers using a constant comparative method of analysis for generating grounded theory. Results Integrating baseline and follow-up interviews, 3 themes emerged: over the course of treatment with chiropractic care, participants became more aware of the role of musculoskeletal tension, pain, and posture in triggering migraine; participants revised their prior conceptions of chiropractic care beyond spinal manipulation; and participants viewed the chiropractor–patient relationship as an essential and valuable component to effectively managing their migraines. Conclusion In this qualitative study, women with episodic migraine after receiving comprehensive chiropractic care described chiropractic as a multimodal intervention where they learned about musculoskeletal contributions to migraine, discovered new ways to affect their symptoms, and developed a collaborative patient–practitioner relationship. The results of this study provide insights into perceptions of chiropractic care among women with migraine and suggestions for future trials.
Ditching the Script: Moving Beyond “Automatic Thinking” in Introductory Political Science Courses

Political science is a challenging field, particularly when it comes to undergraduate teaching. If we are to engage in something more than uncritical ideological “instruction, it demands from the student a willingness to approach alien political ideas with intellectual generosity. Yet, students within introductory classes often harbor inherited notions of what the ideal political system ought to be. This attachment to the proper meaning of core political ideas may stultify their consideration of alternative formulations of these concepts. In a related vein, recent research within educational and cognitive psychology examines “automatic thinking” as a prevailing dimension of human cognition. In many instances, researchers find that seemingly thoughtful activity actually draws upon long-settled previous learning so routine and scripted that “true” thinking becomes unnecessary. In order to gain new knowledge, as well as a critical and reflexive understanding of oneself and others, recent research in this vei...
Lobbying and Information in Politics

The vast majority of papers written about interest groups' political influence focuses on the role of money in politics. Business and interest groups' participation in campaign finance, in the form of hard and soft money, has been the subject of hundreds of theoretical and empirical studies. Moreover, with the recent congressional moves to reform campaign finance laws, campaign finance studies have received a prominent position in public discourse.
Soft sensor for real-time estimation of tablet potency in continuous direct compression manufacturing operation.

Abstract One of the critical quality attributes of the solid oral dosage forms produced in continuous direct compression operations is the tablet potency. A novel soft sensor comprising of a combination of first principle-based and empirical models has been developed to enable real-time monitoring of blend and tablet potency, and concentrations of other excipients at various stream levels along the direct compression line. The soft sensor model has only three adjustable parameters, primarily associated with the equipment design and operation, so the model is product agnostic which is key to enable flexible manufacturing. The estimation accuracy of the soft sensor is demonstrated through a series of real time experiments which include steady state and dynamic transitions of potency during the runs, compared with offline analytically tested tablet cores. The results indicate that the proposed soft sensor can be utilized as a robust tool for real-time monitoring of potency, suggesting an extension of its utilization to higher levels of control. Two potential applications of the soft sensor are: 1. An element of a control strategy for product diversion; 2. A predictive model for advanced process control strategy to minimize the variability in tablet composition.
The functional‐institutional and consequential‐conflictual sociological approaches to accounting ethics education: Integrations from sustainability and ecological resources management literature

Purpose – There is limited research that utilizes the consequential‐conflictual (CC) approaches, which utilized radical orientation of double loop, second order and reorientation of organizational learning strategies. Both the functional‐institutional (FI) and CC approaches are integrated with the sustainability and ecological resources management literature. The aim of this paper is to fill this research gap.Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies FI and CC sociological approaches.Findings – This paper's contribution to the managerial auditing education literature is based on the proposition that ethics education can improve the moral and ethical reasoning of auditors, when the educational processes incorporate both the FI and CC sociological organizational learning strategies. The paper suggests that ethics education in auditing could benefit from experiential teaching methods utilized in allied applied disciplines of medicine, engineering, and educational psychology.Research limitations/implica...