cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asociación entre la presencia de dislipidemia e hipertensión en una población de edad escolar de la delegación GAM del D.F.

Resumen — Objetivo . Analizar la asociacion entre la presencia de dislipidemia e hipertension en una poblacion de ninos en edad escolar. Material y metodos . Se realizo un estudio transversal analitico incluyendo a 62 ninos y 68 ninas, inscritos del 3o al 6o en una escuela primaria de la delegacion GAM del D.F. Se realizaron evaluaciones antropometricas, se midio la presion arterial sistolica y diastolica y se determino el perfil serico de lipidos (niveles de colesterol total, colesterol- HDL y trigliceridos totales). Los sujetos se diagnosticaron con hipertension empleando los percentiles para sexo y edad del Instituto de Salud de EUA, mientras que para analizar la presencia de dislipidemia se consideraron las tablas para edad de Calzada y cols. Se calcularon promedios ± desviacion estandar de las variables metabolicas y la prevalencia de hipertension arterial. Los resultados se analizaron empleando el paquete estadistico SPSS 21.0. Se realizaron pruebas t de Student para comparar las concentraciones de lipidos y otras variables descriptivas de acuerdo al sexo, mientras que para denotar una correlacion entre los valores clinicos de presion arterial y los niveles de lipidos en sangre se calcularon correlaciones de Pearson y X 2 . Resultados . La edad promedio de la poblacion de estudio fue de 10.37±1.69 anos. En general, la presencia de dislipidemia en la poblacion pediatrica fue alta, mostrandose una prevalencia de 61.5% para los niveles bajos de colesterol-HDL, seguido por la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia (49.2%). La poblacion presento mayor prevalencia de hipertension arterial diastolica en comparacion a la hipertension arterial sistolica (26.14% vs. 8.79%). Solo se observaron diferencias entre las prevalencias de hipertriacligliceridemia e hipertension, no asi para las prevalencias de hipercolesterolemia y bajas concentraciones de colesterol-HDL. Conclusiones . La presencia de dislipidemia no se asocia con la presencia de HTA. Sin embargo destaca de este estudio, la alta prevalencia de dislipidemia en la poblacion escolar.
Photonic Interconnects for Interposer-based 2.5D/3D Integrated Systems on a Chip

Instead of a single die per chip (package) multiple dies stacked vertically (3D) and placed on an interposer (2.5D), is emerging as the building block for the future in both mobile and high-performance applications. We identify that bandwidth, energy per bit, and the ability to support a large amount of memory, are the key requirements of the inter-die Network on Chip (NoC). We propose to use an interposer with optical interconnections exploiting AWGR (Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router) wavelength routing to realize a 16x16 photonic NoC with a bisection bandwidth of 16 Tb/s. We propose a baseline network, which consumes 2.81 pJ/bit assuming 100% utilization. We show that the power is dominated by the electro-optical interface of the transmitter, which can be reduced by a more aggressive design that improves the energy per bit to 0.437 pJ/bit at 100% utilization. The networks exhibit very low latency as they are based on an optical crossbar topology and are scalable to multiple chips to support 1 TB of memory or more to meet the requirements of Exascale computing.
Electron Spin Resonance of Radicals in Irradiated DNA

Ionizing radiation produces DNA-cation radical (hole) and DNA-anion radical formation by random direct ionization of DNA and its microenvironments (e.g., layer of hydration) as well as excitation events. The best overall estimate of the probability of direct ionization at a given site in DNA (e.g., the sugar-phosphate backbone or the DNA bases) is provided by the number of valence electrons at that site. ESR spectroscopic studies at low temperature (e.g., 4 K, 77 K) have provided the direct evidence that via rapid charge (hole and excess electron transfer) processes, the hole is localized on the base of lowest ionization energy, guanine, and the excess electron is localized on the most electron affinic bases—thymine and cytosine. The guanine cation radical may deprotonate, undergo nucleophilic addition reactions such as water addition, or may even cause one-electron oxidation of a proximate sugar radical (double oxidation). The anion radical can undergo reversible as well as irreversible protonations. Also, prior to its thermalization, the prehydrated excess electron leads to frank strand break formation in DNA via dissociative electron attachment. In addition, recent ESR efforts have established that in the excited base cation radical, charge and spin transfer occur to the sugar-phosphate backbone and its subsequent kinetically controlled deprotonation within the lifetime of the excited state leads to the formation of strand break precursor sugar radical. These and other mechanisms of direct-type effect-induced DNA-radical formation that lead to production of stable damage, such as, strand breaks, are discussed in this chapter.
Psychological Literacy in Applied Psychology Disciplines: Back to, or Beyond, the Basics?.

Undergraduate psychology majors need a broad base of knowledge in order to be viewed as competent graduates. In addition to acquiring basic knowledge, the American Psychological Association (APA) h...
Correction to: Jacobsen, Kurt “Loose Ends: Considerations on the Aftermaths of the Celtic Tiger and the Northern 'Troubles'.”

Corrections have been made to the first page, including the two quotations that begin the article, and the first full paragraph. The original article can be found via the doi at http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.637
Fostering critical and reflective thinking in an authentic learning situation

ABSTRACTThis article describes a research study in which 10 early childhood education students participated in facilitated critical reflection experiences during a 7-week practicum. Students’ critical thinking skills were quantitatively assessed using the Cornell Critical Thinking Test and qualitatively documented through analysis of daily, weekly, and summative reflections. While quantitative results showed no significant changes in measurable critical thinking skills, students’ levels of critical reflection increased when they were provided with regular guidance and appropriate tools. Students were able to demonstrate critical reflection through group discussions and written reflections while engaged in a process consisting of fading levels of structure, thought provoking questions, and meaningful experiences in environments that challenged their preconceived notions and typical practices.
A Deformation of Dirichlet's Class Number Formula

Publisher Summary This chapter explains deformation of Dirichlet's class number formula. It presents a recurrence relation for dm. Such a relation facilitates the calculation of ɛh sometimes even h itself. An upper bound for ɛh is obtained, which is smaller than such a bound of Hua.
New fabrication technique for nanoporous gold nanoparticles (Conference Presentation)

Nanoporous gold nanoparticles (NPG-NP) showcase tunable pore and ligament sizes ranging from nanometers to microns. The nanoporous structure and sub-wavelength nanoparticle shape contribute to its unique LSPR properties. NPG-NP features large specific surface area and high-density plasmonic field enhancement known as “hot-spots”. Hence, NPG-NP has found many applications in nanoplasmonic sensor development. In our recent studies, we have shown that NPG-NP array chip can be utilized for high-sensitivity detection by various enhanced spectroscopic modalities, as photothermal agents, and for disease biomarker detection. To date, array-format, substrate-bound NPGN has been fabricated by either colloidal nanosphere lithography or random nucleation during the sputtering deposition process. Although highly cost-effective, these techniques cannot provide precise control of individual particle size and location. In this paper, we report the development of a new fabrication technique based on electron-beam lithography (EBL). Herein, a customized EBL technique is utilized to pattern larger areas (several square millimeters) of randomly distributed NPGN by careful design of the shot pattern, which limits the writing time to the acceptable level. Since the position, size, and shape of a huge number of features need to be generated and stored individually, memory limitations of this unique EBL technique constitutes an additional challenge, which is normally not present if small areas are to be patterned with features on an ordered lattice. This issue is solved by programmatically generating random feature positions within a simulation cell of carefully chosen size and implementing periodic boundary conditions.
CD-ROM's acquaintances: What to do with the skeletons in our academic libraries

ABSTRACTThe University of Central Florida (UCF) Libraries had a large number of CD-ROMs accompanying books that had not circulated, did not work, or both. This article outlines the evaluation process of withdrawal.
Microwave-assisted magnesium phosphate coating on the AZ31 magnesium alloy

Due to the combination of many unique properties, magnesium alloys have been widely recognized as suitable metallic materials for fabricating degradable biomedical implants. However, the extremely high degradation kinetics of magnesium alloys in the physiological environment have hindered their clinical applications. This paper reports for the first time the use of a novel microwave-assisted coating process to deposit magnesium phosphate (MgP) coatings on the Mg alloy AZ31 and improve its in vitro corrosion resistance. Newberyite and trimagnesium phosphate hydrate (TMP) layers with distinct features were fabricated at various processing times and temperatures. Subsequently, the corrosion resistance, degradation behavior, bioactivity and cytocompatibility of the MgP coated AZ31 samples were investigated. The potentiodynamic polarization tests reveal that the corrosion current density of the AZ31 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF) is significantly suppressed by the deposited MgP coatings. Additionally, it is seen that MgP coatings remarkably reduced the mass loss of the AZ31 alloy after immersion in SBF for two weeks and promoted precipitation of apatite particles. The high viability of preosteoblast cells cultured with extracts of coated samples indicates that the MgP coatings can improve the cytocompatibility of the AZ31 alloy. These attractive results suggest that MgP coatings, serving as the protective and bioactive layer, can enhance the corrosion resistance and biological response of magnesium alloys.
Technical and Economic Assessments of Ionic Liquids for Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture at IGCC Power Plants

Abstract This study evaluates the feasibility and cost of ionic liquids (ILs) for precombustion carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture at integrated gasification combined cycle power plants. The ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide is selected as a physical solvent for CO 2 capture. Using newly developed performance and cost models, our analysis shows that the energy penalty of the IL-based capture system mainly arises from powering various compressors and solvent pumps, and compressors and absorbers are the dominant capital cost components. Using the Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM) for power plant assessments, the cost of CO 2 avoided by the IL-based capture system is estimated to be $62/t CO 2 in constant 2011 USD. The preliminary comparisons of performance and cost between IL- and Selexol-based capture systems show that an IL-based capture system could be a viable alternative to current liquid solvent processes.
Signatures of gapless fermionic spinons on a strip of the kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet

The search for exotic quantum spin liquid states in simple yet realistic spin models remains a central challenge in the field of frustrated quantum magnetism. Here we consider the canonical nearest-neighbor kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet restricted to a quasi-one-dimensional strip consisting entirely of corner-sharing triangles. Using large-scale density matrix renormalization group calculations, we identify in this model an extended gapless quantum phase characterized by central charge $c=2$ and power-law decaying spin and bond-energy correlations which oscillate at tunably incommensurate wave vectors. We argue that this intriguing spin liquid phase can be understood as a marginal instability of a two-band spinon Fermi surface coupled to an emergent U(1) gauge field, an interpretation which we substantiate via bosonization analysis and Monte Carlo calculations on model Gutzwiller variational wave functions. Our results represent one of the first numerical demonstrations of emergent fermionic spinons in a simple SU(2) invariant nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model beyond the strictly one-dimensional (Bethe chain) limit.
Electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and source localization: their value in epilepsy.

Purpose of reviewSource localization of cerebral activity using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) can reveal noninvasively the generators of the abnormal signals recorded in epilepsy, such as interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) and seizures. Here, we review recent progr
Ergodicity in Stationary Graph Processes: A Weak Law of Large Numbers

For stationary signals in time, the weak law of large numbers (WLLN) states that ensemble and realization averages are within $\epsilon$ of each other with a probability of order ${\mathcal O}(1/N\epsilon ^2)$ when considering $N$ signal components. The graph WLLN introduced in this paper shows that the same is essentially true for signals supported on graphs. However, the notions of stationarity, ensemble mean, and realization mean are different. Recent papers have defined graph stationary signals as those that satisfy a form of invariance with respect to graph diffusion. The ensemble mean of a graph stationary signal is not a constant but a node-varying signal whose structure depends on the spectral properties of the graph. The realization average of a graph signal is defined here as an average of successive weighted averages of local signal values with signal values of neighboring nodes. The graph WLLN shows that these two node-varying signals are within $\epsilon$ of each other with probability of order ${\mathcal O}(1/N\epsilon ^2)$ in at least some nodes. In stationary time signals, the realization average is not only a consistent estimator of the ensemble mean but also optimal in terms of mean squared error (MSE). This is not true for graph signals. Optimal MSE graph filter designs are also presented. An example problem concerning the estimation of the mean of a Gaussian random field is presented.
Thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in the elderly: a ‘real world’ experience

Introduction Completed randomized trials on endovascular thrombectomy (ET) did not independently assess the efficacy of ET in the elderly (≥80 years old) who were often excluded or under-represented in trials. There were also inconsistent criteria for patient selection in this population across the different trials. This work evaluates outcomes after ET for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the elderly at a high volume stroke center. Methods We reviewed all cases of AIS that underwent a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions between March 2013 and October 2017 while comparing outcomes in the elderly with younger counterparts. We also reviewed AIS cases in elderly patients undergoing medical management who were matched to the ET counterparts by demographics, comorbidities, baseline deficits, and stroke severity. Results Of 560 patients undergoing ET for AIS, 108 patients were in the elderly group (≥80 years of age), and had a significantly lower likelihood of functional independence (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2) at 90 days compared with younger patients (20.5% vs 44.4%, P 0.05), and had significantly higher rates of hemorrhage (40.7% vs 9.3%, P Conclusions ET in the elderly did not show a similar benefit to younger patients when compared with medical management. These findings emphasize the need for more optimal selection criteria for the elderly population to improve the risk to benefit ratio of ET.
Review - 'Witness Testimony Evidence: Argumentation, Artificial Intelligence, and Law' by Douglas Walton

This review essay discusses Douglas Walton's recent book, Witness Testimony Evidence (Cambridge University Press, 2007). The book examines how testimony functions as evidence in law, and it explores various ways in which the structure of testimonial evidence (and the inferences drawn from it) may be modeled formally. The book also discusses the philosophical issues underlying the formal models as well as those underlying reasoning from testimonial evidence more generally. This essay situates the book's analysis within evidence scholarship, summarizes its chapters, and discusses some important limitations on the type of formal analysis pursued.
Phloem Tissue in Angiosperms and Gymnosperms

The phloem is that tissue in more highly organized plants (“higher plants”) which is characterized by the possession of certain specialized cells, the sieve elements, and which functions as the major channel of rapid conduction of sugars over fairly long distances (more tha a few cells) in the plant body. Phloem is a complex tissue and, in addition to sieve elements, it always contains parenchyma cells, usually of more than one type, and frequently includes sclerenchyma cells.
A comparative analysis of the challenges in measuring transit equity: definitions, interpretations, and limitations

Abstract In the study of equity in public transit service distribution to disadvantaged groups, there is often a desire for a concise and relatable quantitative measure of equity. This ambition has often pushed researchers to develop methods for combining (or aggregating) various dimensions of disadvantage into a single, multi-faceted metric of potential transit demand (or need) among the disadvantaged population. These metrics then enable a somewhat straightforward analysis of the transit needs of the aggregate disadvantaged population to the transit service supplied in order to arrive at a measure of transit equity. More recently, it has been proposed that such aggregated transit equity analysis may introduce veiled judgments or bias through the specific interpretation of key definitions and through the particular choices in the construction of a combined metric. It may also be the case that such an aggregate metric may mask or convolute important disparities in transit equity experienced by the various disadvantaged populations aggregated into a combined metric. This research studies these issues through a clear discussion of the ambiguity and implied judgments often found in transit equity literature and then provides recommendations to mitigate these issues. Also, two common equity analysis methods are compared through a case study of public transit service in the city of Corvallis, Oregon, and a new transit service metric construction is introduced. By comparing the results of both the aggregated and disaggregated forms of disadvantaged group transit need within each analysis method, this study provides further evidence that important information may be concealed or easily misinterpreted when using aggregated descriptions of transit need.
FPGA versus GPU for Speed-Limit-Sign Recognition

We implement a speed-limit-sign recognition task using a template-based approach on the FPGA using the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL. Then we evaluate its throughput, power consumption, accuracy, and development effort against a GPU implementation that is based on a system presented in our previous study. This paper also discusses implementation differences between the FPGA and GPU systems, provides a methodology for translating the GPU system to the FPGA system, and explains optimizations used in the FPGA version. While implementing the FPGA system, we build an efficient FFT engine for image processing on the FPGA which can be utilized by other developers to perform related tasks. In this paper, we also provide our insights on building the FPGA versus GPU system, which we hope can be useful for designing upcoming versions of FPGA-focused OpenCL development environments. We conclude that the FPGA implementation provides better power consumption for the same detection accuracy, while the GPU supports better programmer efficiency.
Prospective assessment of health-related quality of life after endovascular repair of pararenal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms using fenestrated-branched endografts

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to investigate changes in health-related quality of life (QOL) in patients treated for pararenal aortic aneurysms (PAAs) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) with fenestrated-branched endovascular aneurysm repair (F-BEVAR). Methods A total of 159 consecutive patients (70% male; mean age, 75 ± 7 years) were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized single-center study using manufactured F-BEVAR (2013-2016). All patients were observed for at least 12 months (mean follow-up time, 27 ± 12 months). Patients' health-related QOL was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire at baseline (N = 159), 6 to 8 weeks (n = 136), 6 months (n = 129), and 12 months (n = 123). Physical component scores (PCSs) and mental component scores (MCSs) were compared with historical results of patients enrolled in the endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) 1 trial who were treated by standard EVAR for simple infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Results There were 57 patients with PAAs and 102 patients with TAAAs (50 extent IV and 52 extent I-III TAAAs). There were no 30-day deaths, in-hospital deaths, conversions to open surgery, or aorta-related deaths. Survival was 96% at 1 year and 87% at 2 years. Major adverse events occurred in 18% of patients, and 1-year reintervention rate was 14%. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in 30-day outcomes. Patients treated for TAAAs had lower baseline scores compared with those treated for PAAs (P Conclusions Patients treated for TAAAs had lower scores at baseline in their physical aspect of health-related QOL. F-BEVAR was associated with significant decline in PCSs in both groups, which improved after 2 months and returned to baseline values at 12 months in patients with PAAs but not in those with TAAAs. Patients treated for PAAs had similar changes in QOL compared with those treated for infrarenal aortic aneurysms with standard EVAR.
Ramifications of Evolving Misbehaving Convolutional Neural Network Kernel and Batch Sizes

Deep-learners have many hyper-parameters including learning rate, batch size, kernel size - all playing a significant role toward estimating high quality models. Discovering useful hyper-parameter guidelines is an active area of research, though the state of the art generally uses a brute force, uniform grid approach or random search for finding ideal settings. We share the preliminary results of using an alternative approach to deep learner hyper-parameter tuning that uses an evolutionary algorithm to improve the accuracy of a deep-learner models used in satellite imagery building footprint detection. We found that the kernel and batch size hyper-parameters surprisingly differed from sizes arrived at via a brute force uniform grid approach. These differences suggest a novel role for evolutionary algorithms in determining the number of convolution layers, as well as smaller batch sizes in improving deep-learner models.
Micro Quality of Life: Assessing Health and Well-Being in and around Public Facilities in New York City

Microblogs and other social media platforms are increasingly used as sources of data for analyzing social issues and problems, and for determining appropriate public policy. Our research investigates the utility of an urban social listening approach in considering quality of life around public facilities in New York City, and the possibility of combining conventional public health data and microblogging data from Twitter to render an instructive sketch of urban neighborhoods. We demonstrate that this approach shows promise, with significant relationships between tweet scores, unemployment rates, and incidences of diabetes in the localized geographies we analyzed. While limitations exist, we provide a roadmap for future research as scholars seek to understand the health and well-being of urban populations.
Heuristic Application of Laws of Public Opinion Management to Marketing Promotion Problems

The "Laws" of Public Opinion Management represent a major body of knowledge which has demonstrable power. Marketing promotion science would be well served to utilize those portions of the "Laws" that are applicable. This article is a start in the dialogue to operationalize these concepts. The laws as modified by the author are numbered below:
Recent Results of the Majorana Demonstrator Experiment

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge with two modular arrays of natural and $^{76}$Ge-enriched germanium detectors. It is located at the 4850 level of Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA, and its total mass of germanium detectors is 44.1 kg, of which 29.7 kg is enriched. The analysis of the first 26 kg-yr of data provides an unprecedented energy resolution of 0.13% in the region of interest at 2039 keV and a background level of 15.4 $\pm$ 2.0 counts/(FWHM t yr). It establishes the lower limit of the half-life of neutrinoless double beta decay as 2.7 10$^{25}$ yr in 76Ge at 90% CL. This analysis will be summarized here with an emphasis on the energy determination.
Modeling Species Specific Gene Expression Across Multiple Regions in the Brain

Motivation: The question of what makes the human brain functionally different from that of other closely related primates, such as the chimpanzee, has both philosophical as well as practical implications. One of the challenges faced with such studies, however, is the small sample size available. Furthermore, expression values for multiple brain regions have an inherent structure that is generally ignored in published studies.
Eustachian Tube Balloon Dilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Treatment Outcomes:

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of eustachian tube balloon dilation for the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.Review MethodsA systematic ...
Emerging Meat Processing Technologies for Microbiological Safety of Meat and Meat Products

A consumer trend toward convenient, minimally processed meat products has exerted tremendous pressure on meat processors to ensure the safety of meat and meat products without compromising product quality and the meeting of consumer demands. This has led to challenges in developing and implementing novel processing technologies as the use of newer technologies may affect consumer choices and opinions of meat and meat products. Novel technologies adopted by the meat industry for controlling foodborne pathogens of significant public health implications, gaps in the technologies, and the need for scaling up technologies that have been proven to be successful in research settings or at the pilot scale will be discussed. Novel processing technologies in the meat industry warrant microbiological validation prior to becoming commercially viable options and enacting infrastructural changes. This review presents the advantages and shortcomings of such technologies and provides an overview of technologies that can be successfully implemented and streamlined in existing processing environments.
Telehealth Delivery of a Behavioral Parent Training Program to Spanish-Speaking Latinx Parents of Young Children With Developmental Delay: Applying an Implementation Framework Approach

Families play an important role in supporting children’s learning and behavioral health. School psychologists are ideally situated to promote family–school partnerships, home–school collaboration, ...
Social-Judgment-Based Modeling of Opinion Polarization in Chinese Live Streaming Platforms

Live streaming platforms have become popular media for young people in China to interact with others. While the synchronized interaction with live streamers through comments is said to make users feel more engaged than simply watching a video, it also brings the risk of online violence when the words become highly negative. By integrating the social-judgment-based opinion dynamic model (SJBO) with other theories like information overload and entertainment motivation, I modeled the opinion evolution during live streaming to analyze the opinion polarization. When no extremists exist initially, the simulation results reveal the possibility of opinion polarization when the audiences have low thresholds for repulsion. When positive and negative extremists are involved initially, the results suggest that their proportions among the audiences are responsible for the ratios of the positive or negative polarization of the ordinary audiences, which verifies the rationale of controlling the number of extremists to reduce opinion polarization. The impacts from other model parameters are also discussed in the research.
An eigenfunction representation of deep waveguides with application to unconventional reservoirsEigenfunction of deep waveguides

ABSTRACTGuided waves that propagate in deep low-velocity zones can be described using the displacement-stress eigenfunction theory. For a layered subsurface, these eigenfunctions provide a framewor...
Nano goes the distance.

Centimetre-scale crack-free metal nanolattices are realized, enabling outstanding high tensile strength in low-density materials.
Hyperlink Prediction in Hypernetworks Using Latent Social Features

Predicting the existence of links between pairwise objects in networks is a key problem in the study of social networks. However, relationships among objects are often more complex than simple pairwise relations. By restricting attention to dyads, it is possible that information valuable for many learning tasks can be lost. The hypernetwork relaxes the assumption that only two nodes can participate in a link, permitting instead an arbitrary number of nodes to participate in so-called hyperlinks or hyperedges, which is a more natural representation for complex, multi-party relations. However, the hyperlink prediction problem has yet to be studied. In this paper, we propose HPLSF (Hyperlink Prediction using Latent Social Features), a hyperlink prediction algorithm for hypernetworks. By exploiting the homophily property of social networks, HPLSF explores social features for hyperlink prediction. To handle the problem that social features are not always observable, a latent social feature learning scheme is developed. To cope with the arbitrary cardinality hyperlink issue in hypernetworks, we design a feature-embedding scheme to map the a priori arbitrarily-sized feature set associated with each hyperlink into a uniformly-sized auxiliary space. To address the fact that observed features and latent features may be not independent, we generalize a structural SVM to learn using both observed features and latent features. In experiments, we evaluate the proposed HPLSF framework on three large-scale hypernetwork datasets. Our results on the three diverse datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the HPLSF algorithm. Although developed in the context of social networks, HPLSF is a general methodology and applies to arbitrary hypernetworks.
Reservation Subsistence: A Comparative Paleoethnobotanical Analysis of a Mashantucket Pequot and Euro-American Household

This article examines the social practices of two 19th-century Connecticut households, one of them inhabited by Mashantucket Pequots and the other by European Americans. By analyzing the plant remains left behind by the people living at these two sites, I seek to examine the subsistence and land-use strategies that they employed to successfully navigate and mitigate the challenges of life in a colonized setting. The Mashantucket Pequot are the descendants of an indigenous group known as the Pequots, who, prior to the 17th-century arrival of Dutch and English settlers, controlled a great deal of land in southern New England. After the devastating outcome of the 1630s Pequot War, the Pequots were split into two groups and allocated two distinct reservations under the oversight of the colonial government (Campisi 1990: 118–119). These new land bases consisted of small portions of the former Pequot territories. In this article I seek to reveal facets of daily practice by exploring the ways in which Mashantuckets utilized their reservation landscape in the pursuit of their subsistence goals. The study further reveals the means by which Mashantuckets implemented novel subsistence practices, such as an increased participation in regional labor markets, to replace and supplement traditional practices made cumbersome by state restrictions. This article also examines the relevance of the forest landscape to both Mashantucket Pequot and European American subsistence practices. Each of these foci will serve to challenge and complicate the myth of the destitute Indian, an historical misconception that shaped political dialogues central to the lives of New England’s indigenous people in the 19th century. The continued agency of New England’s native people in the face of colonialism has been discussed by a number of recent works (Den Ouden 2005; Cipolla, Silliman, and Landon 2007; Holmes 2007; Witt 2007; Law 2008; Mancini 2009; Silliman 2009) and is further analyzed here. However, it is important to note that the setting of 19th-century southern New England offered real challenges to the continuity of native practices and to the daily survival of every Mashantucket both on and off the reservation. The continued relevance of these issues lends political weight to this article. This study explores the concepts of cultural continuity and change, facets of identity that were major factors in the lives of both indigenous peoples and European Americans. Although both households discussed herein experienced change and continuity, their individual daily challenges forced them to experience change and continuity differently. Households on the Mashantucket Pequot reservation modified their subsistence practices to negotiate the difficult realities of reservation life. European American households in southern Connecticut similarly broadened their subsistence strategies Reservation Subsistence: A Comparative Paleoethnobotanical Analysis of a Mashantucket Pequot and Euro-American Household
Radiation pressure induced nonlinear optofluidics in liquid whispering gallery mode resonator

We theoretically analyze a nonlinear optofluidic process produced by radiation pressure of a high quality factor whispering gallery mode in a liquid droplet. Using liquid properties that are experimentally attainable, we find that such a process may lead to photon-photon interaction at single photon energy level.
Hemoglobin switching in sheep: characteristics of BFU-E-derived colonies from fetal liver.

Two types of erythroid colonies were generated in vitro from sheep fetal liver cells. The first type consisted of single colonies of 8–256 cells that were well hemoglobinized by 4 days; these are thought to originate from CFU-E. The second type consisted of macroscopic colonies composed of several subcolonies that matured between days 3 and 8 in vitro. At maturity, each contained 256 to > 1000 cells that formed a discrete macroscopic cluster. The macroscopic colonies, not previously described in sheep, are thought to be derived from BFU-E. The characteristics of sheep BFU-E were defined and the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF, alpha 1, gamma 2) and HbC (alpha 2 beta 2) was compared in colonies derived from CFU-E or BFU-E. Bursts developed at erythropoietin (epo) concentrations as low as 0.1 U/ml, although the number observed increased with epo concentration up to 10 U/ml. The number of bursts observed was approximately proportional to the number of cells plated. As shown by thymidine suicide, approximately 50% of both the BFU e and CFU-E were in S-phase when obtained from the fetus. BFU-E were smaller and partially separable from CFU-E after sedimentation at unit gravity. The beta c/gamma synthetic ratio in colonies derived from BFU-E was greater than in CFU-E-derived colonies. These data suggest that the capacity for generation of erythroblasts making HbC is greater in the earlier or more primitive erythroid stem cells in fetal liver.
On absence of embedded eigenvalues for schrÖdinger operators with perturbed periodic potentials

The problem of absence of eigenvalues imbedded into the continuous spectrum is considered for a Schrodinger operator with a periodic potential perturbed by a sufficiently fast decaying "impurity" potential. Results of this type have previously been known for the one-dimensional case only. Absence of embedded eigenvalues is shown in dimensions two and three if the corresponding Fermi surface is irreducible modulo natural symmetries. It is conjectured that all periodic potentials satisfy this condition. Separable periodic potentials satisfy it, and hence in dimensions two and three Schrodinger operator with a separable periodic potential perturbed by a sufficiently fast decaying "impurity" potential has no embedded eigenvalues
The Heritability of Alcoholism

During a brief period, from perhaps 1943 to 1970, there appeared to be a consensus that social and cultural influences played a decisive role in the development of alcoholism. Increasingly thereafter, a belief in "clear" and stunning" evidence for the heritability of alcoholism has taken hold in the scientific professions and research supporting agencies, and among alcoholism professionals and (not least) in the lay publics. This review attempts to make plain that the factual support for the present consensus is, at best, weak-and that the consensus in the main reflects a victory for ideology over rigorous scientific methodology and solid data, a triumph of fancy over fact, subversive of sound public policy.
Long-Term Controlled Protein Release from Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels by Modulating Mesh Size and Degradation

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels are popular biomaterials for protein delivery to guide desirable cellular fates and tissue repair. However, long-term protein release from PEG-based hydrogels remains challenging. Here, we report a PEG-based hydrogel platform for long term protein release, which allows efficient loading of proteins via physical entrapment. Tuning hydrogel degradation led to increase in hydrogel mesh size and gradual release of protein over 60 days of with retained bioactivity. Importantly, this platform does not require the chemical modification of loaded proteins, and may serve as a versatile tool for long-term delivery of a wide range of proteins for drug-delivery and tissue-engineering applications.
The aerodynamics of the sinonasal interface: the nose takes wing-a paradigm shift for our time.

Background Ventilation of and gas exchange between the nose and the paranasal sinuses are believed to occur by convection and diffusion based on experiments that neglect the effects of physiological respiration and aerodynamic forces at the sinonasal interface (SNI). Based on these experiments, the exchange of gas is presumed to be slow, and principally dependent on gas concentration and diameter, number, and location of ostia. Methods In 12 healthy adult volunteers, real-time sinus nitric oxide measurements were obtained with catheters placed through natural ostia during respiratory maneuvers. Results The nose is a masterful collection of aerodynamic foils and channels designed to accomplish powered sinonasal gas exchange and ventilation within a few seconds during each inspiration. Conclusion The new perspective on the functional anatomy of the SNI demands a paradigm shift that is followed by physiological, medical, and surgical implications and a radical change in our perception and understanding.
Extending Expectation States Theory: Comparative Status Models of Participation in N Person Groups

This paper develops some ideas consistent with expectation states theory about how status affects participation in status differentiated task groups larger than the dyad. The aim is to provide a precise account of the distribution of participation in n person task groups. The basic assumption is one implicit in expectation states theory, namely, that the behavioral effects of an actor's status derive from how it compares with the status attributed to others in the group. The key concept, then, is the actor's comparative status. The theory of participation is set out formally and its implications tested using Caudill's data on participation in the daily administrative conferences of a psychiatric hospital. The theoretical expectations are supported, the better account being given by a model which represents the group's status structure as differentiated along a primary status dimension, position in the hospital hierarchy, and then differentiated along a secondary status dimension, clinical competence, within groups equal in status along the primary dimension.
Evaluating development programs: administrative self-assessment in four Asian nations.

In the belief that self-assessment is a valid technique of evaluation self-assessments were gathered in the effort to help evaluate the administrative capabilities of specific programs essential to the economic development of Indonesia Korea the Philippines and Thailand. The government of each country established agricultural development programs in the late 1960s in order to improve the production of rice the major food crop. The data for analysis were collected by means of lengthy interviews with a random sample of rice production officials in the 4 countries. By using the self-anchoring scale administrative personnel evaluated their administrative systems in their own terms. The free-answer responses demonstrated that even at the local level program personnel are aware of the major issues which confront policy-makers and administrators in their countries. Their criteria for assessing administrative capability emphasize different aspects of resource inputs administrative procedures and policy outputs. Significant differences emerged in the degree to which administrative practices measured up to the ideals of rice program officials in the 4 countries. Officials in the Philippines were consistently more optimistic and assessed their conditions more favorably than respondents in other countries and this is particularly true of assessments of the capabilities of the rice program itself. Indonesian rice officials were less enthusiastic about their own program in comparison to government programs as a whole. The Koreans found that current government performance in general came closest to their expectations. The Thais were more favorable in their assessments of their personal situations and of the rice program.
Fast enzymatic saccharification of switchgrass after pretreatment with ionic liquids.

The pretreatment of cellulose using ionic liquids (ILs) has been shown to be an effective method for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose; this technique affords a fast and complete saccharification of cellulose into reducing sugars (Dadi et al., Biotechnol Bioeng. 2006; 95:904 910; Liu and Chen, Chinese Sci Bull. 2006; 51:2432 2436; Zhao et al., J Biotechnol. 2009; 139:47 54). Motivated by these advances, this study examines the effect of IL-pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of purified xylan (as a model system of hemicellulose) and switchgrass (as a real lignocellulose). The IL-pretreatment resulted in no improvement in the hydrolysis of xylan. The likely reason is that pure xylan has a low degree of polymerization (DP), and is readily biodegraded even without any pretreatment. However, in real cellulosic materials (such as switchgrass), xylan is entrapped within the cellulosic matrix, and cannot be conveniently accessed by enzymes. Our data demonstrate that the IL-pretreatment of switchgrass significantly improved the enzymatic saccharification of both cellulose (96% D-glucose yield in 24 h) and xylan (63% D-xylose yield in 24 h). The compositional analysis of switchgrass suggests a lower lignin content after IL-pretreatment. In addition, the infrared spectrum of regenerated switchgrass indicates a lower substratemore » crystallinity, whereas the enzyme adsorption isotherm further implies that the regenerated substrate is more accessible to enzymes. This study has further confirmed that ILpretreatment is an effective tool in enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass, and allowing a more complete saccharification.« less
Temperature distribution in microwave sintering of alumina cylinders

Small cylinders of high-purity alumina were encased in a `casket` of low-density zirconia insulation and heated to sintering temperature in a large multi-mode microwave oven. Optical fiber sensors were used to monitor the temperature at several locations in the system. It was found that the alumina samples heat faster than the zirconia insulation at temperatures above 1000 C, and that the temperature distribution in the sample is essentially uniform during the heating process. A two-dimensional mathematical model of the heat transfer process was developed which reproduces the essential features of the observed phenomena. Literature data for all temperature-dependent properties were incorporated into the model. The model suggests that the alumina samples absorb a significant fraction of the microwave energy.
Reforming insurance to support workers' rights to compensation

The structure and regulation of the insurance system for financing workers' compensation affects the costs of workers' benefits. Using the example of Maine's insurance market restructuring in response to a crisis of the early 1990s, this commentary explores how changes in insurance regulation might better support the goals of workers' compensation. The commentary analyzes how insurance and its regulation should go beyond correct pricing of risks to questions of how to structure incentives for loss control to include workers' interests as well as the interests of employers and insurers.
Exposure to the 'SIDA dans la Cité' AIDS prevention television series in Côte' d'Ivoire, sexual risk behaviour and condom use.

This study assesses factors associated with viewing of 'SIDA dans la Cite', a weekly television soap opera on AIDS in Cote d'Ivoire, and the relationship between 'SIDA dans la Cite' viewing, sexual risk behaviour and condom use. The study uses across-sectional survey of 2150 respondents aged 15-49 in three regions. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of'SIDA dans la Cite' exposure on condom use. The results show that 65% of the sample had seen at least one 'SIDA dans la Cite' episode. Among viewers, 27% of males and 41% of females had seen ten or more episodes. Persons who had risky sexual partners were particularly likely to watch the programme. Women who had seen ten or more episodes were 1.4 times more likely than non-viewers to have used a condom in last sex. Men who had seen ten or more episodes were 2. 7 times more likely to have used a condom. We conclude that television soap operas on AIDS, such as 'SIDA dans la Cite',can be an important tool for promoting condom use. The programme was most appealing to viewers who engaged in risky behaviour, who are the core transmitters of the virus. HIV prevention programmes that provide continuous information, through multiple media channels or through series of broadcasts, are likely to have the greatest impact on condom use.