cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why we need a non-reductionist approach to trust

I will underline the real complexity of trust (not for mere theoretical purposes but for advanced applications), and I will criticize some of those reductionist view of Trust. I will illustrate: how trust can be a disposition, but also is an ‘evaluation', and also a ‘prediction' or better an ‘expectation'; and how it is a ‘decision' and an ‘action', and ‘counting on' (relying) and ‘depending on' somebody; and which is the link with uncertainty and risk taking (fear and hope); how it creates social relationships; how it is a dynamic phenomenon with loop-effects; how it derives from several sources.
Horses at Christmas

In our little house Creedence were singing about the old cotton fields, the baby was flat on his back in front of the fire, eyes swimming with flame. Christmas morning, and you were at church. I thought of going to join you late, but instead took the baby up to the horses. Out in the field he started crying. Maybe I should have taken him to the bath of stone, the discipline of a saviour, the sanctuary of hymns?
Parallel computation of fan-beam back-projection reconstruction algorithm in computed tomography

A method for parallelizing the image reconstruction of a fan beam computed tomography (CT) scanner and a processor array adapted for computing the back-projection reconstruction algorithm (BPR) are presented. By making use of some inherent parallelism in PBR, a modular ring architecture in multiple of eight processors is shown to be well suited for a class of CT algorithms. The parallel architecture encompasses a reconfigurable binary tree to accommodate a wide range of processor interconnections needed for different image-processing schemes, ranging from front-end filtering, calibration, and fast Fourier transform to postprocessing such as artifact removal and image compression. >
Strategic Health Communication for Cancer Prevention

Increased urbanization in South Africa, like elsewhere, has led to sedentary living, obesity, chemical hazards, and increased consumption of processed foods among other issues that lead to increased cancer rates. Cancers are often preventable and treatable with early-stage diagnoses. However, South Africa’s Health Department reports only 6 % screening rate for cancer in the country meaning that such cancers are discovered late leading to high mortality, particularly among low income South African women. This chapter sought to investigate the impact of sociocultural constructs on health communication for cancer in South Africa. It applies the ecological model to address the issue of breast cancer screening. The chapter concludes that inclusion of culturally relevant interventions to promote increased breast cancer screening is necessary to improve early-stage diagnoses of the disease among South African women. In addition, the chapter recommends that an effective and comprehensive cancer prevention intervention requires multilayered culturally relevant activities across all ecological levels.
Phenylethynyl Terminated Arylene Ether Oxadiazole and Triazole Oligomers and Their Cured Polymers

Several novel phenylethynyl terminated arylene ether oligomers containing oxadiazole and triazole rings were prepared as part of an effort to develop high performance polymers with an attractive combination of properties (e.g. processability and mechanical performance) for future NASA applications. The oligomers displayed low melt viscosities and good solubilities. Thin films cast from solutions of the oligomers and cured for one hour at 350 C in air gave good tensile properties. Titanium to titanium (6Al-4V) tensile shear specimens were readily fabricated and provided moderate strengths. The chemistry and properties of these new materials are discussed.
Glottic carcinoma. The roles of surgery and irradiation

The treatment of 336 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx seen at the University of Virginia Medical Center from 1960 through 1977 was reviewed. Two hundred eighty-five patients form the basis of this report. Patients were grouped by stage and by other prognostic factors. Five-year actuarial survival, recurrences, salvage therapy, complications, second primaries, and incidence in patients younger than 45-years-old were examined. The actuarial 5-year survivals are Stage I, 96%; Stage II, 88%; Stage III, 65%; and Stage IV, 57%. Early glottic carcinoma responded equally well to radiation therapy or surgery, and mortality from intercurrent disease was more common than death from glottic carcinoma. Anterior commissure involvement was not found to significantly decrease prognosis in Stage I disease. Within Stage II, patients with impaired true cord mobility had a significantly decreased survival, 71%, versus 93% for Stage II carcinoma with mobile cords. Surgery was superior to irradiation when cord mobility was impaired or fixed. Surgical salvage was successful in 70% of cases when the cords were originally mobile but 11% when cord motion had been impaired or fixed. Patients younger than age 45 years presented with more advanced disease, but by stage, treatment response did not differ from the remaining older group. Based on this review and from data reported in the literature, the authors recommend curative radiation therapy in patients with glottic carcinoma where the vocal cords are fully mobile. When cord mobility is impaired or fixed, the inclusion of surgery in the initial management results increased survival over irradiation alone. Recognizing that glottic carcinoma is often part of a multisystem disease, individualization of treatment is especially important in these advanced tumors.
Grain producers' attitudes to new forms of supply chain coordination

Abstract This paper reports the analysis of two groups of wheat producers: American White Wheat Producers Association members who produce white wheat under contract with the cooperative and those who have chosen not to do so. The results show the diversity of producers' attitudes, preferences, knowledge and decision making. Nonmembers tend to rely more on short-term profitability and are less willing to risk innovation for unproven profits. Nonmembers also are less supportive of contract production and less inclined to use a young cooperative in that situation. This study demonstrates that the development of a new coordination mechanism entails much education of participants and that producer involvement also depends on learning on the part of everyone in the supply chain.
Partial restoration of local gvh reaction in cancer patients by depletion of theophylline-sensitive suppressor T-cells

Theophylline-resistant T-cell subpopulations were assessed in terms of numbers and function among patients with disseminated cancer, and compared to normal controls. Within the total E-rosetting T-cells (65 +/- 6.5% for normal donors versus 34 +/- 1.0% for cancer patients; P less than 0.001) the proportion of theophylline-resistant Te cells was 56 +/- 1.5% and 26.6 +/- 1.1%, respectively (P less than 0.001). This significant difference in distribution between theophylline-resistant (effector) and theophylline-sensitive (suppressor) cells in favor of the latter was also reflected by the poor performance of unseparated T-cells in the local GVH reaction. Thus, the mean GVH reaction among normal donors was 159 +/- 30 mm3 versus 44 +/- 28 mm3 among cancer patients (P less than 0.001). Removal of the theophylline-sensitive suppressor T-cells resulted in significant augmentation of the local GVH reaction among normal donors and in significant, although partial, immune restoration of the local GVH reaction in some patients but not in others. The mean local GVH reaction after removal of theophylline-sensitive suppressor T-cells was 196 +/- 89 mm3 among normal donors and 68 +/- 46 mm3 among cancer patients (P less than 0.05). This immune restoration following depletion of suppressor T-cells was only partial among cancer patients because of an apparent intrinsic defect in the capacity of their effector T-cells to exert vigorous local GVH reaction. In one small group of four patients, this intrinsic defect was so profound that even after removal of the theophylline-sensitive suppressor cells, the restoration of the local GVH reaction was negligible (12 +/- 10.8 mm3 versus 24 +/- 9.8 mm3; P greater than 0.1). The quantitative and qualitative changes in effector and suppressor T-cell distribution during the development of the malignant process and the possible interaction between them are discussed.
Fluorescence Amplification Using Biospecific Nanoparticle Conjugates as Labels in Microfluidic Heterogeneous Immunoassays

In microfluidic sensing systems, it is challenging to achieve desirable sensitivity for detecting reduced number of analytes in a small volume (pL–nL). Many efforts have been made in order to improve the sensitivity of microfluidic fluorescence detection systems. Some prevalent methods (e.g., optical components integration and analyte enrichment) either increase cost or require extra operational steps. Fluorescence amplification using dye-doped silica nanoparticles has proved to be an inexpensive and efficient approach; however, this technique is still far from perfect. For instance, dye molecules physically entrapped in the silica nanoparticles occasionally leak and can cause false-negative results. In addition, the nonspecific adsorption of nanoparticles has not been resolved.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Lumbar puncture associated with pneumocephalus: report of a case.

UNLABELLED Pneumocephalus is a well known complication of spinal and epidural anesthesia, but it is extremely rare after diagnostic or therapeutic lumbar puncture. This uncommonness can obscure the clinical diagnosis and lead to unnecessary procedures and prolonged patient discomfort. We report a 72-yr-old woman with normal pressure hydrocephalus who underwent an unremarkable lumbar puncture that was complicated by a postprocedure pneumocephalus that manifested as a continuous headache. The pneumocephalus resolved spontaneously after 4 days. Possible mechanisms for this occurrence, along with steps that can be taken to prevent this complication, are discussed. IMPLICATIONS We report a case of symptomatic pneumocephalus in a woman with normal pressure hydrocephalus after an unremarkable lumbar puncture. The possible mechanisms for this occurrence, along with steps that can be taken to prevent this complication, are discussed.
Notes on the Biology of Tiphia berbereti (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), a Parasite of Larval Phyllophaga anxia

The life cycle of a new tiphiid, Tiphia berbereti Allen, is described. T. berbereti larvae were found parasitizing Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae in hay meadows in northcentral Nebraska. There appears to be 1 generation per year with the overwintering stage being the full-grown larva enclosed in a cocoon.
If it walks like a duck: Construct validation of proverb-based personality dimensions

Abstract Previous research has investigated the personality-relevance of proverb endorsement. In this previous research, however, participants were provided with additional information to aid them in their interpretations of the proverbial phrases. Although seven proverb-based personality dimensions were revealed, it is not entirely clear whether these dimensions truly reflect dimensions encoded in the proverb domain itself, or whether they reflect, instead, meanings imposed by the definitional context. In this study, college-student participants relied on their own interpretations of proverbial wisdom to guide their endorsements. Significantly, two of the previously reported dimensions – the two that had previously seemed to be the most novel – did not replicate. Five proverb-based dimensions were replicated, however, and the relationships between these dimensions and dimensions assessed by more established personality inventories were explored. This study thus confirms that proverbial wisdom does indeed advocate behavior and beliefs relevant to important dimensions of individual difference.
Pulmonary Complications of Lung Transplantation

Lung transplantation is an effective treatment option for select patients with a variety of end-stage lung diseases. Although transplant can significantly improve the quality of life and prolong survival, a myriad of pulmonary complications may result in significant morbidity and limit long-term survival. The recognition and early treatment of these complications is important for optimizing outcomes. This article provides an overview and update of the pulmonary complications that may be commonly encountered by pulmonologists caring for these patients.
HLA and disease.

This review describes the greater portion of a large number of new studies on HLA and disease association which has appeared in the literature since 1979. The majority of these are concerned with the association of certain diseases with class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. The possible biologic significance of these associations in terms of their probable etiology appears to be the prevailing theme. Current thinking regarding certain heritable diseases is described. It seems that although much has been done to resolve the genetics of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, other diseases such a multiple sclerosis still remain a mystery. Doubtlessly, much will be gained from DNA cloning and sequencing studies proposed for the future. A great deal of new information has been obtained relative to HLA itself. New loci have been postulated in the HLA-D/DR region through the use of powerful immunochemical procedures made possibly by the advent of modern technological advances. The impact of these developments on our understanding of the function of the MHC in man and its possible relationship to disease are discussed.
Function of prolactin cells in the individual rat pituitary gland is location dependent.

Abstract Anterior pituitary glands from individual ovariectomized (ovx) or ovx-estrogen (E2) treated rats were sectioned into 1 8 cubes. Each section was incubated for four consecutive 15 min periods in order to measure the release of immunoreactive and bioactive prolactin (PRL); each individual section was then trypsinized into a single cell suspension for determination of PRL cell numbers in that section. Hormone release (ng PRL/100 PRL cells) was not uniform throughout the gland; the consistency of the secretory patterns demonstrated that the amount of PRL release from the gland was location-dependent. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the most active cells were in the gland's left lobe, while the least active were in the right lobe. Within these lobes, the dorsal-caudal and ventral-rostral left lobe areas released the most hormone in vitro while those in the dorsal-rostral, dorsal-caudal and ventral-rostral right lobe areas were least active. Injection of ovx rats with E2 for 2 days altered these secretory patterns. This sectioning procedure should prove useful in future studies addressing issues of cell-cell interaction and geographic location as they relate to pituitary cell function.
Delta electron production and the ultimate energy resolution of liquid argon ionization detectors

An intrinsic energy resolution of 26+or-2 keV has been measured for the 976-keV conversion electrons of a /sup 207/Bi source in a gridded ionization chamber filled with pure liquid argon, at a drift field of 11 kV-cm/sup -1/. The measurement of the /sup 207/Bi spectrum at different electric fields was repeated several times, with very-good liquid purity and optimized chamber geometry, reproducing the results. Data were also taken with a xenon-doped liquid argon filling in an attempt to improve the resolution. Enhanced ionization was observed as expected from the presence of excitons in liquid argon, but there was no improvement in the energy resolution. It is shown that the data are consistent with the assumption that recombination straggling from low-energy delta electrons, produced abundantly along the path of the primary ionizing particle, is mostly responsible for the degraded experimental resolution. >
Autonomic recognition of names and faces in prosopagnosia: A neuropsychological application of the guilty knowledge test

Abstract A prosopagnosic was shown two sets of faces, one comprised of famous personalities, the other of family members. After he was allowed to visually inspect each face, he was given five names, one of which was correct. Skin conductance was continuously recorded. He could not identify any of the faces spontaneously, and performed at chance level when given multiple choice names. However, electrodermal responses indicated far more accurate discrimination between correct and incorrect names, suggesting that the patient “recognized” facial identity at the psychophysiological level. Neuropsychological mechanisms for this phenomenon, which in this case involve multiple visual-limbic interrelationships, are postulated. The method appears useful for studying islands of spared recognition ability in associative agnosia.
Lattice quark propagator in fixed gauges

Abstract A lattice study of the quenched QCD quark propagator in Landau and Coulomb gauges is reported. We find that mDcritical, the value of the quark propagator pole in the chiral limit, is 290 ± 20 MeV (β = 5.7) and 350 ± 40 MeV (β = 6.0). Scaling and gauge dependence of this quantity are discussed.
Observing Anger and Aggression Among Preadolescent Girls and Boys: Ethical Dilemmas and Practical Solutions

To understand how children manage anger and engage in various forms of aggression, it is important to observe children responding to peer provocation. Observing children's anger and aggression poses serious ethical and practical challenges, especially with samples of older children and adolescents. This article describes 2 laboratory methods for observing children's responses to peer provocation: 1 involves participants playing a game with a provoking child actor, and the other involves a pair of close friends responding to an actor posing as a difficult play partner. Both methods are described in detail, ethical safeguards are discussed, and evidence is presented to show that children understand their research rights in these types of investigations.
Timing of palliative care referral and symptom burden in phase 1 cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Phase 1 trials offer patients with advanced cancer the opportunity to pursue life-prolonging cancer treatments. In the current study, the timing of referral and symptom burden between patients referred to palliative care by phase 1 oncologists and those referred by non-phase 1 oncologists were compared. METHODS: All 57 patients with advanced solid tumors who were referred by phase 1 oncologists to the palliative care outpatient clinic at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) between 2007 and 2008 were included. The comparison cohort was comprised of 114 non-phase 1 patients who were stratified by age, sex, and cancer diagnosis in a 1:2 ratio. Information regarding patient characteristics, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), timing of referral, and survival was retrieved. RESULTS: Both cohorts had the following matched characteristics: average age of 57 years, with44% of the patients being female and 47% having gastrointestinal cancers. At the time of palliative care consultation, patients referred by phase 1 oncologists were more likely than patients referred by non-phase 1 oncologists to have a better performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0–1: 61% vs 36% [P = .003). The ESAS was not significantly different with the exception of better well-being in the phase 1 cohort (mean, 4.5 vs 5.5; P = .03). No difference was found for the duration between registration at MDACC and palliative care consultation (13 months vs 11 months; P = .41) and overall survival from the time of palliative care consultation (5 months vs 4 months; P = .69). CONCLUSIONS: Outpatients referred to palliative care by phase 1 oncologists were found to have a better performance status but similar symptom burden compared with patients referred by non-phase 1 oncologists. Patients with phase 1 involvement did not appear to have delayed palliative care referral compared with non-phase 1 patients. The results of the current study support the development of a simultaneous care model. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Thin Films by Nanoindentation Technique and Finite Element Simulation

Titanium thin films have been widely used in microelectronics due to their good adhesion to substrates, such as Silicon wafer and Quartz. However, mechanical behavior of Titanium thin films has not been well characterized. This paper presents a methodology that combines the nanoindentation technique and finite element modeling to characterize the mechanical (elastic and plastic) properties of thin film with its application on Titanium thin film deposited on silicon substrate. The results show that the elastic properties (Young’s modulus) of the Titanium thin film does not change much from the bulk Titanium, and the plastic properties (yield stress and strain hardening exponent) of the Titanium thin film are higher than those of bulk Titanium. This method is also applicable for the study of mechanical properties of other thin films and small volume materials.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Facilitating adherence to the tobacco use treatment guideline with computer-mediated decision support systems: physician and clinic office manager perspectives.

Abstract Background A majority of physicians do not adhere to all the elements of the evidence-based USPHS guideline on tobacco use and dependence treatment. Among physicians and clinic office managers in Vermont we assessed perceived barriers to guideline adherence. We then assessed attitudes towards a computer-mediated clinical decision support system (CDSS) to gauge whether this type of intervention could support performance of the guideline. Methods A random sample of 600 Vermont primary care and subspecialty physicians were surveyed with a mailed survey instrument. A separate survey instrument was mailed to the census of 93 clinic office managers. Results The response rates of physicians and clinic office managers were 67% and 76%, respectively. Though most physicians were aware of the guideline and had positive attitudes towards it, there was a lack of familiarity with Vermont's smoking cessation resources as 35% would refer smokers to non-existent counseling resources and only 48% would refer patients to a toll-free quit line. Time constraints and the perception that smokers are unreceptive to counseling were the two most common barriers cited by both physicians and office managers. The vast majority of physicians (92%) have access to a computer in their outpatient clinics, and 68% have used computers during the course of a patient's visit. Four of the eight information management services that a CDSS could provide were highly valued by both physicians and clinic office managers. Conclusions Interventions to improve adherence to the guideline should address the inaccurate perception that smokers are unreceptive to counseling, and physicians' lack of familiarity with resources. A CDSS may improve knowledge of these resources if the design addresses cost, space, and time limitations.
The Computer Chronicles Newswire: A Functional Learning Environment for Acquiring Literacy Skills

The educational uses of microcomputers are discussed in light of theories of development and models of education. Learning is described as a social constructive process. Microcomputers are used to offer a new constructive form of interaction among learners. The development of a children's newswire service and its influence on the development of low-achieving students' reading and writing skills is described. This computer-supported system provided students a goal for reading and writing: to share their ideas and concerns with other students with whom they cannot interact with directly. This functional learning environment resulted in gains in students' reporting, writing and editing skills. The most striking change was in the students attitudes toward writing both on and off the computer. Students wrote more easily, and with more confidence when they gained a sense of control over the computer and a purpose for writing.
Thermal Spreading Analysis of Rectangular Heat Spreader

A unique nondimensional scheme that employs a source-to-substrate “area ratio” (e.g., footprint), has been utilized for analytically determining the steady-state temperature field within a centrally-heated, cuboidal heat spreader with square cross-section. A modified Laplace equation was solved using a Fourier expansion method providing for an infinite cosine series solution. This solution can be used to analyze the effects of Biot number, heat spreader thickness, and area ratio on the heat spreader's nondimensional maximum temperature and nondimensional thermal spreading resistance. The solution is accurate only for low Biot numbers (Bi < 0.001); representative of highly-conductive, two-phase heat spreaders. Based on the solution, a unique method for estimating the effective thermal conductivity of a two-phase heat spreader is also presented.
An improved printed balun for a dual device load board

This paper describes the design of an improved planar Marchand balun for use in an efficient, lowcost, high-volume Automated Test Equipment (ATE) solution. Two different devices, sharing the same footprint, designed for broadband wireless access using the IEEE 802.16 d/e protocols at different frequency bands are production tested using the same load board. Two narrowband hybrid ring rat race baluns are switched using RF relays depending on the device being tested. A new test solution using an improved planar Marchand balun that delivers improved performance without the need for switching baluns is proposed here.
Space-, object-, and feature-based attention interact to organize visual scenes

Biased-competition accounts of attentional processing propose that attention arises from distributed interactions within and among different types of perceptual representations (e.g., spatial, featural, and object-based). Although considerable research has examined the facilitation in processing afforded by attending selectively to spatial locations, or to features, or to objects, surprisingly little research has addressed a key prediction of the biased-competition account: that attending to any stimulus should give rise to simultaneous interactions across all the types of perceptual representations encompassed by that stimulus. Here we show that, when an object in a visual display is cued, space-, feature-, and object-based forms of attention interact to enhance processing of that object and to create a scene-wide pattern of attentional facilitation. These results provide evidence to support the biased-competition framework and suggest that attention might be thought of as a mechanism by which multiple, disparate bottom-up, and even top-down, visual perceptual representations are coordinated and preferentially enhanced.
Isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants of the BamHI restriction endonuclease

Two heat-sensitive R.BamHI mutants, T157I and P173L, and one cold-sensitive R.BamHI mutant, T114I, were isolated after chemical mutagenesis of the bamhIR gene that codes for the restriction endonuclease BamHI (R.BamHI). The thermosensitivity of T114I, T157I and P173L is revealed by the 10(2)-10(3) lower plating efficiency at the non-permissive temperature of strains bearing these alleles. The conditional-lethal phenotype can be rescued by introduction of the cognate bamhIM gene into the same cell. The mutant enzymes induce the SOS response in vivo and display reduced phage restriction activity. The P173L protein, when expressed at 30 degrees C and purified, shows reduced thermostability at 65 degrees C. T157I and P173L mutants yield different intermediates during partial trypsin digestion. The conditional-lethal BamHI mutants could be used to deliver in vivo DNA cleavage and for further isolation of relaxed-specificity mutants.
Labor Market Adjustments in the Unionized Contract Construction Industry

The unionized construction labor market reaches equilibrium by means of three adjustment mechanisms: wage changes, changes in the quality of workers hired, and the migration of workers in and out of the market. The relative importance of the three mechanisms in local labor markets depends on laws and institutional rules. This paper examines some of the important institutional rules and presents a model of market clearning where wage adjustments are infrequent.
Financial analysts' information search in the assessment of corporate earning power

Abstract Verbal protocol analysis was used to trace the information search behavior of eleven financial analysts involved in assessing the earning power of five companies. The information available was ten years' data from the three primary financial statements. Two search strategies (problem spaces) were used by the subjects. These two strategies partially explained the subject's final choice of the company with the greatest earning power. The subjects revealed considerable similarily on the amount and type of information searched. Discussion of results included implications for future research.
Regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion by branched N-glycosylation of N-cadherin extracellular EC2 and EC3 domains.

The effects of altering N-cadherin N-glycosylation on several cadherin-mediated cellular behaviors were investigated using small interfering RNA and site-directed mutagenesis. In HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, small interfering RNA-directed knockdown of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), a glycosyltransferase up-regulated by oncogene signaling, caused decreased expression of N-linked β(1,6)-branched glycans expressed on N-cadherin, resulting in enhanced N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, but had no effect on N-cadherin expression on the cell surface. This effect on adhesion was accompanied by decreased cell migration and invasion, opposite of the effects observed when GnT-V was overexpressed in these cells (Guo, H. B., Lee, I., Kamar, M., and Pierce, M. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 52412–52424). A detailed study using site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that three of the eight putative N-glycosylation sites in the N-cadherin sequence showed N-glycan expression. Moreover, all three of these sites, located in the extracellular domains EC2 and EC3, were shown by leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin binding to express at least some β(1,6)-branched glycans, products of GnT-V activity. Deletion of these sites had no effect on cadherin levels on the cell surface but led to increased stabilization of cell-cell contacts, cell-cell adhesion- mediated intracellular signaling, and reduced cell migration. We show for the first time that these deletions had little effect on formation of the N-cadherin-catenin complex but instead resulted in increased N-cadherin cis-dimerization. Branched N-glycan expression at three sites in the EC2 and -3 domains regulates N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact formation, outside-in signaling, and cell migration and is probably a significant contributor to the increase in the migratory/invasive phenotype of cancer cells that results when GnT-V activity is up-regulated by oncogene signaling.
Bridging Patients to Cardiac Transplantation

Potential recipients of heart transplants have the most advanced form of congestive heart failure, in which standard therapy fails to maintain clinical stability. In the absence of guidelines derived from evidence obtained in clinical trials, caring for these patients becomes a challenge. A successful approach requires the proper coordination of surgical and nonsurgical strategies, including revascularization and valvular surgery as well as mechanical ventricular support and medical strategies. Intensive medical therapy is the most commonly used approach for prolonged bridging to transplantation. Although carefully individualized regimens are necessary to achieve desired goals, most centers adopt a fairly standardized approach involving vasodilators, diuretics, and inotropic support. Bridging patients with cardiac decompensation to transplantation presents a major therapeutic challenge. Appropriate strategies will maximize patients' chances that the bridge from decompensation to transplantation remains intact.
Identification of gene sequences overexpressed in senescent and Werner syndrome human fibroblasts.

Abstract The phenotype of replicative senescence is a dominant trait in human diploid fibroblasts (HDF). Therefore, we have sought to identify overexpressed and/or newly expressed causal genes by constructing and screening a subtracted cDNA library derived from polyA + RNA of prematurely senescent Werner syndrome (WS) HDF. We have identified 15 cDNA clones that are overexpressed in senescent and WS HDF. Among them are six known sequences coding for: acid sphingomyelinase, fibronectin, SPARC, nm23-metastasis suppressor protein, and two translation factors, eIF-2β and EF-lα. Among the 10 unknown clones are: S1–5, which encodes a secreted protein containing EGF-like domains and paradoxically stimulates DNA synthesis of young HDF in an autocrine and paracrine manner; S1–3, which encodes a protein containing “zinc finger” domains, suggesting nucleic acid binding properties; S1–15, which shows sequence similarities to human α2-chimerin; and S2–6, which represents a new member of the LIM family of proteins. The other five clones do not have any significant homology to known sequences. Steady-state mRNA levels of all gene sequences thus far studied are elevated in both WS and senescent normal HDF when compared to young HDF, which suggests that senescent and WS HDF enter a final common pathway where multiple gene overexpression may generate diverse antiproliferative mechanisms and pathogenic sequelae.
Optical and magneto-optical characterization of heteroepitaxial gallium nitride

We describe some recent work on the characterization of strain effects on excitons and band structure in heteroepitaxial GaN, as well as magnetoluminescence studies of excitons and donors in this material. Epilayer strains were measured directly from wafer curvature, which avoids the need to know the lattice constants of unstrained GaN in advance. The change in strain between room temperature (where it is usually measured) down to low temperature, where detailed optical spectroscopy is usually performed, was estimated and found to be significant. Low temperature photoluminescence and reflectance were used to determine the exciton energies as a function of measured strain, yielding some of the deformation potentials and band structure parameters of the material. Magnetospectroscopy and reflectance were used to identify excited states of the excitons, yielding an exciton binding energy around 26.4 meV. Residual donors and their binding energies were studied from two-electron transitions, which have been identified for the first time by their Zeeman splittings in high magnetic fields. Resonant electronic Raman scattering was also used to study excited states of shallow donors, and yielded improved resolution compared to photoluminescence.
Guest Editorial Coherent Optical Techniques In Experimental Mechanics

This is the first of two special issues of Optical Engineering on optical techniques in experimental mechanics, which I have been kindly asked by Dr. Caulfield to organize. The first issue deals with coherent optical methods, and the second with incoherent optical methods. The division is somewhat arbitrary because many light sources are partially coherent and some methods require the use of both coherent and incoherent light sources. In essence, I have called a method a coherent optical technique if a laser is used as the primary information gathering device and if, in the process, some sort of the coherent property of the light is utilized. Otherwise, it is classified as an incoherent optical technique.
Bone Pathology: Pathology, Radiology, and Orthopedics.

Bone pathology, like most fields within surgical pathology, hasevolvedsignificantly in recent years. The field has benefited not only from advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics, but from improvements in radiographic techniques, particularly the cross-sectional imaging modalities of CT and MRI scans. And yet the diagnoses of many of the cornerstones of bone pathology, including the cartilaginous, bone-forming, and giant cell-rich neoplasms, remain grounded in vigilant examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides coupled with careful radiographic and clinical correlation. In fact, the interaction among pathologists, radiologists, and orthopedic surgeons is just one of several factors that makes the practice of orthopedic pathology so enjoyable as well as effective. Likewise, failure to utilize all information pertinent to a given case––particularly the radiographic findings––can make the practice of orthopedic pathology fraught with danger. In selecting topics for this issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, the goal was to include concepts relative to the everyday practice of bone pathology––such as arthritis, the evaluation of periprosthetic tissues for infection, and the practical workup of metastases in bone––in addition to the more esoteric subjects, namely, the evaluation of
Demonstration of perineural epithelium in whale and shark peripheral nerves.

IT has been shown previously by us1,2 that the peripheral nerve fasciculus in rat, cat, guinea pig and frog is surrounded by flat, stratified squamous epithelial layers, five in number in the sciatic nerves of the former three animals and only two-layered in the frog. The squamous cell layer surrounding the peripheral nerve fibre has also been shown by Key and Retzius3, Krenjevic4, Lehmann5,6, and Rohlich and Weiss7. The cells of this squamous epithelium are uninucleated, the nucleus being very flat, and sex chromatin has been demonstrated in female cats and rats in these cells. In serial isolation of this epithelium we have demonstrated that the perineural epithelium represents a continuation of the pia-arachnoid membrane from the central nervous system. In a further investigation, we have been able to show3 that the lamellatod sheath of the Pacinian corpuscle is made up of the extended perineural epithelium, indicating that the pia-arachnoid not only covers the central nervous system but also covers the peripheral nervous system as a perineural epithelium extending up to and over the motor and sensory end organs.
Media rhetoric, criticism and the public perception of the 1980 presidential debates

Media specialists promoted the televised debates and then sought to influence public perception through commentary and criticism. They viewed substance as less important than delivery, appearance, and manner; downplayed the significance of incumbency; and concluded that current program formats favored perceived candidate advantage rather than the public interest.
Stick-slip behavior of grain boundaries studied by accelerated molecular dynamics

We apply parallel-replica molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations to study the peak stress versus velocity relation during stress-driven grain-boundary (GB) migration coupled to shear deformation. Because of the limited time scale of regular MD, all previous atomistic simulations of GB migration were implemented at velocities orders of magnitude higher than experiment. By accelerating MD simulations, the parallel-replica method has allowed us to greatly expand the velocity range and finally approach the experimental velocities. The GB motion observed in this work follows the general stress-velocity relation characteristic of stick-slip dynamics over a wide velocity interval. At the high-velocity end of this interval, the finite damping rate causes a reversal of the stress-velocity curve. At low velocities, we begin to see reverses of GB displacements, indicating the approaching crossover between the stick-slip and driven Brownian regimes. This study points to a close analogy between couple GB motion in crystals and other known cases of stick-slip dynamics, including the tip movements in atomic friction microscopy.
A technique for bite plane construction

Abstract A technique has been described for bite plane construction. Time-consuming fabrication procedures and adjustments have been circumvented. It is hoped that, by making the entire procedure easy and quick, more use will be made of this valuable adjunct in various treatment situations where it is indicated.
Carbon disulphide and carbonyl sulphide from biogenic sources and their contributions to the global sulphur cycle

Estimates of the magnitude of biogenic sulphur emissions range from ∼70% of the total atmospheric sulphur burden1–7, and the chemical nature of the emissions has not been clearly established. Conway1 speculated that the principal volatile biogenic component of the sulphur cycle was hydrogen sulphide (H2S) whereas Lovelock et al.8 and Rasmussen9 have suggested that dimethyl sulphide (DMS) contributes to the apparent source deficits. Aneja et al.10 have shown that both H2S and DMS are emitted from saltmarshes. Other volatile sulphur compounds which may contribute to the sulphur burden of the atmosphere include methyl mercaptan (CH3SH)11,12, dimethyl disulphide ((CH3)2S2)11,12, carbonyl sulphide (COS)13 and carbon disulphide (CS2)14,15. We report here the discovery of CS2 and COS emanating from a saltmarsh and estimate their emission rates using emission flux reactor and bag chamber techniques. The species CS2 and COS are relatively inert in the troposphere, so may be assumed to penetrate to the stratosphere, where they may be photolysed to form the sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphates (SO42−) known to be present in the stratosphere. Based on the measured fluxes, we show that the emissions from marshes are important to the sulphate aerosol burden (≲19%) of the stratosphere, but not important for the tropospheric sulphur burden (≲0.2%).
Experimental and model investigation of the time-dependent 2-dimensional distribution of binding in a herringbone microchannel

A microfluidic device known to mix bulk solutions, the herringbone microchannel, was incorporated into a surface-binding assay to determine if the recirculation of solution altered the binding of a model protein (streptavidin) to the surface. Streptavidin solutions were pumped over surfaces functionalized with its ligand, biotin, and the binding of streptavidin to those surfaces was monitored using surface plasmon resonance imaging. Surface binding was compared between a straight microchannel and herringbone microchannels in which the chevrons were oriented with and against the flow direction. A 3-dimensional finite-element model of the surface binding reaction was developed for each of the geometries and showed strong qualitative agreement with the experimental results. Experimental and model results indicated that the forward and reverse herringbone microchannels substantially altered the distribution of protein binding (2-dimensional binding profile) as a function of time when compared to a straight microchannel. Over short distances (less than 1.5 mm) down the length of the microchannel, the model predicted no additional protein binding in the herringbone microchannel compared to the straight microchannel, consistent with previous findings in the literature.
The non-discrimination principle and American higher education: judicial failure to recognize the present effects of past discrimination

This article suggests that any approach to the issue of access to higher education in the United Kingdom not view the approach of the United States in the recent University of Michigan cases as providing appropriate guidance. It is the author's assertion that the United States Supreme Court has failed to recognize the present effects of a long history of deliberate racial segregation of higher education in America and the affirmative duty of public higher education to remedy the effects of America's unique system of racial segregation. Specifically, the Supreme Court's jurisprudence has abandoned the interests of the victims of a judicially sanctioned exclusion of African-Americans from public higher education during most of the 20th Century, and has instead supported equal access only to the extent that it furthers the university's own interests in so-called ‘diversity’. This disregard for the history of American racial segregation is inconsistent with the Constitutional principles announced in Brown v. ...
Reliability of presynaptic inhibition in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

ABSTRACTThere has been rising interest in evaluating spinal reflex activity within the clinical population, however no study has yet investigated the reliability of presynaptic inhibition (PI) on patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Because neuropathy is closely related to central nervous system modification, it is important to understand the mechanism of spinal reflex activity in the DPN population. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability of PI in patients with DPN. Eight participants (58.24 ± 6.38 yrs.) diagnosed with either type I or type II diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were recruited for the study. Each subject's H-reflex was measured using an EMG to elicit and record a series of 10 paired reflex depression trials. Reliability was measured by calculating Intra Class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed excellent reliability in both intraday (0.94) and interday (0.88) reliability. Therefore, analyzing PI in t...
Democracy, Economic Crisis, and Market Oriented Reforms

In this paper I analyze the nexus between economic crises, market oriented reforms, and democratization in Indonesia and Korea since the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis. I provide some support for the hypothesis that democracies are better able to survive economic crises than authoritarian regimes. In both countries democratization facilitated a crisis resolution strategy based on market oriented reforms. However, I assert that in the long run the social consequences of market-oriented reforms tend to undermine democratization partly because both are so closely linked and the majority of the population sees them as one. This process does not necessarily destroy democracies but it leaves them more vulnerable to possible external shocks in the future.
The Origin of Postflare Loops

We apply a tracking technique, previously developed to study motions in the outer corona by Sheeley, Walters, Wang, and Howard, to 195 A filtergrams obtained with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) satellite and obtain height-time maps of the motions in the hot (10-20 MK) plasma clouds above postflare loop systems. These maps indicate the following two main characteristics. (1) Within the plasma cloud, the motions are downward at speeds of approximately 4 km s-1. The cloud itself grows with time, its upper layers being replenished by the arrival and deceleration of fast inflows and its lower layers disappearing when they cool to form the tops of new postflare loops. (2) Early in these events, the inward motions are turbulent, showing a variety of dark elongated features resembling "tadpoles" and some bright features. Later, the inflows are visible as dark collapsing loops, changing from initially cusp-shaped features to rounder loops as they move inward. Their speeds initially lie in the range 100-600 km s-1 but decrease to 4 km s-1 in about 3 minutes, corresponding to an average deceleration ~1500 m s-2. Combining these observations with similar observations obtained at reconnection sites in the outer corona by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO), we conclude that postflare loops are the end result of the formation, filling, deceleration, and cooling of magnetic loops produced by the reconnection of field lines blown open in the flare. The formation of collapsing loops occurs in the dark tadpoles; the filling of these initially dark loops occurs via chromospheric evaporation, which also contributes to the deceleration of the loops; and the radiative cooling ultimately resolves the loops into sharply defined structures.