cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Depression in a Multiethnic Cohort of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who experience depression have worse health outcomes. This study identifies predictors of depression in an ethnically and racially diverse population of patients with RA. Methods Patients with RA in a prospective cohort at the San Francisco General Hospital outpatient rheumatology clinic were included if they were age ≥18 years, met the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for RA, had a Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score collected, and had the RA-specific Disease Activity Score performed by a rheumatologist. The outcome variable was a depression score measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), a self-report questionnaire validated to correlate with a diagnosis of major depression. Results Three hundred forty-nine clinical visits for 172 patients were included in the analysis. Forty percent of patients scored ≥10 on the PHQ-9 during at least one clinic visit, which corresponds to a symptom severity of at least moderate depression. The mean PHQ-9 score was 7, corresponding to a symptom severity of mild depression. In the multivariate analysis, higher HAQ scores were associated with depression, and Asians had lower depression scores compared with Hispanic, white, and African American subjects. Conclusion Identifying associated predictors of depression in a diverse population of patients with RA can help guide treatment, which should include preventing disability and decreased function as well as targeting depressive symptoms more specifically in patients with RA.
Changes in Heavy Drinking Over the Third Decade of Life as a Function of Collegiate Fraternity and Sorority Involvement: A Prospective, Multilevel Analysis.

Although affiliation with a fraternity or sorority is an important risk factor for heavy drinking, recentresearch indicates that this risk may be limited to the college years. Random coefficient growth modelingwas used to track changes in patterns of heavy drinking over the course of 11 years as a function ofgender and collegiate Greek involvement (N 318). Overall, greater cumulative exposure to the Greeksystem led to increased heavy drinking during the college years, particularly among men. Shortly afterleaving college, heavy drinking levels dropped markedly and remained low through approximately age30. Inclusion of peer alcohol use norms in the model reduced the influence of Greek involvement.Implications for models of heavy drinking and health risks are discussed.Key words: heavy drinking, fraternity and sorority involvement, peer norms, adult development,piecewise growth modeling
Reproductive Biotechnology and Gene Mapping: Tools for Conserving Rare Breeds of Livestock

Contents Today’s livestock diversity originated from the wild ancestor species and was subsequently shaped through the processes of mutation, genetic drift, and natural and human selection. Only a subset of the diversity present in the ancestral species survives in the domestic counterparts. A 2007 report released by UN Food and Agriculture Organization ‘The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources’, compiled from surveys conducted in 169 countries, found that nearly 70% of the world’s remaining livestock breeds live in developing countries. The UN report was presented to more than 300 policy makers, scientists, breeders, and livestock keepers at the First International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources, held in September 2007 in Interlaken, Switzerland. The conference aims were to adopt a global plan of action for conserving animal genetic resources as its main outcome. In this paper, the current and potential contributions of reproductive and molecular biotechnology are considered as tools of conserving rare breeds of livestock.
Low birth weight neonatal choanal atresia repair using image guidance.

Abstract This case report demonstrates a novel technique for image-guided choanal atresia repair in the undersized neonate. A surgical navigation system (Stryker, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI) face mask was applied in an “inch-worm” technique facilitating a registration “work-around,” also detailed here, to permit intraoperative image guidance despite the patient's small head size. At age 10 days, the premature neonate underwent successful image-guided endoscopic repair of bilateral choanal atresia, permitted by a unique adaptation of face mask application and registration technique. This report presents the smallest weight patient in the literature to date to undergo image guidance during transnasal bilateral choanal atresia repair.
Surgical lesions affecting parkinsonian symptomatology. A clinico-anatomical discussion of two cases.

1. Two cases of Parkinson's disease treated by subcortical surgical lesions who survived the operation for a year are presented together with postmortem studies of the brain. 2. The two cases are clinically comparable but the result in one was unsatisfactory, in the other favorable. One lesion involving primarily the posterior limb of the internal capsule (cortical-spinal fibers) failed to relieve tremor permanently. The other lesion affecting primarily the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus and zona incerta abolished tremor and this abolition persisted until the patient's death one year later.
Host genotype changes bidirectional to unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility in Nasonia longicornis

Wolbachia are the most abundant maternally inherited endosymbionts of insects and cause various reproductive alterations in their hosts. One such manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which is a sperm-egg incompatibility typically resulting in zygotic death. Nasonia longicornis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) has an A supergroup and two closely related B supergroup Wolbachia infections. The B supergroup bacteria co-diverged in this host genus. Both triple (wNlonAwNlonB1wNlonB2) and double infections (wNlonAwNlonB1, wNlonAwNlonB2) have been obtained from the field. In the present study, CI was determined among the three Wolbachia types in different host genetic backgrounds. Results show that host genetic background determines whether bidirectional CI or unidirectional CI occurs between the two closely related B group Wolbachia. Results show that the wNlonB1-infected males are bidirectionally incompatible with wNlonB2 in their 'native' nuclear genetic background, whereas wNlonB1 males are compatible with wNlonB2 in two other N. longicornis genetic backgrounds, resulting in unidirectional CI. In contrast, wNlonB2-infected males are incompatible with wNlonB1 females in all three host genetic backgrounds. These changes in incompatibility are not due to the loss of the bacteria. We hypothesize that a repressor gene for sperm modification by wNlonB1 is segregating in N. longicornis populations. The relevance of these findings to the potential role of Wolbachia in host-reproductive divergence and speciation is discussed.
An evaluation of stereo matching methods for view interpolation

Stereo matching has a long history in image processing and computer vision. In fact, there are inumerous approaches reported in the literature, and quantitative evaluation is usually performed by comparing the obtained disparity maps with ground truth data (using the MSE, for instance). One important application of stereo matching is view interpolation, where it is desired to produce a new synthetic view from (at least) a pair of images and the corresponding disparity maps. In view interpolation, evaluation is mostly qualitative (visual quality of the synthesized image), and quantitative approaches compute objective similarity metrics between the synthesized image and the actual image at the same position (e.g. PSNR). The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of several different stereo matching algorithms in a view interpolation context, relating the quality of the disparity maps with the quality of the corresponding synthesized views using standardized datasets. In this paper, experiments using the MPEG reference software for view interpolation and more than twenty datasets are presented and discussed. Our results indicate that the use of the common percentage of bad pixels as a metric for stereo matching methods does not translate well to the quality of view interpolation.
Modulation of cosmic ray precipitation related to climate

High energy cosmic rays may influence the formation of clouds and thus impact weather and climate. Due to systematic solar wind changes, the intensity of cosmic rays incident on the magnetopause has decreased markedly during this century. The pattern of cosmic ray precipitation through the magnetosphere to the upper troposphere has also changed. Early in the century, the part of the troposphere open to cosmic rays of all energies was typically confined to a relatively small high-latitude region. As the century progressed the size of this region increased by over 25% and there was a 6.5° equatorward shift in the yearly averaged latitudinal position of the subauroral region in which cloud cover has been shown to be cosmic ray flux dependent. We suggest these changes in cosmic ray intensity and latitude distribution may have influenced climate change during the last 100 years.
Long-term bounds on nonlinear Hamiltonian motion

Abstract In various important applications of Hamiltonian mechanics, notably in problems of accelerator design, it would be useful to set bounds on nonlinear motion for finite but very long times. Such bounds can be sought through construction of a canonical transformation to new action-angle variables (J,Ψ), such that J is nearly constant, and Ψ advances almost linearly with the time. By examining the residual change in J during a time T0 from various initial conditions in the open domain Ω of phase space, one can estimate the change in J during a much larger time T, on any orbit starting in a smaller open domain Ω0⊂Ω. A numerical realization of this idea is described. The canonical transformations, equivalent to close approximations to invariant tori, are constructed by a new method in which surfaces are fitted to computed orbits. The perturbed tunes v (winding numbers) are determined as functions of J, and the inverse function J(v) is also computed. This leads to an accurate map of resonant tune lines into J space, which serves to locate dangerous regions of phase space. Near a single strong resonance, J varies more than usual but follows the pattern expected from the isolated resonance model. All calculations proceed from a time evolution map defined by a symplectic integrator or equivalent explicit formula. As an example, an accelerator problem in 2 1 2 degrees of freedom is treated. For betatron motion in a model accelerator with strong sextupole magnets, stability for 108 turns is predicted in a region of substantial nonlinearity.
The role of anxiety in binge eating behavior: a critical examination of theory and empirical literature

The purpose of this manuscript is to expand the understanding of binge eating by reviewing the role of aspects of negative affect. Specifically, this paper will present evidence for further investigation of the bearing that anxiety may have in binge eating development and maintenance. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the relation of binge eating and anxiety was performed. Valuable contributions have been made to the binge eating literature regarding some aspects of negative affect ( i.e., depression); however, outside of bulimia nervosa studies, much of the theoretical and empirical binge eating research to date has not directly addressed the role of anxiety. Research supports expansion of investigations of negative emotionality and binge eating to include specific study of anxiety. Greater inclusivity and specificity in the unique contributions of various negative emotions may further the development of temporal models and intervention efforts.
Higher-order multiple scattering theories for charged particle transport

The Fermi pencil beam formula and the higher-order multiple scattering theory due to Jette are shown to result from a perturbative treatment of the linear Boltzmann equation with Fokker-Planck scattering. Using asymptotic one-dimensional solutions for the transverse integrated (spherical) fluence as well as its variance, approximate higher-order pencil beam theories are constructed. These simple and explicit formulae are shown, by comparison with benchmark Monte Carlo results, to be significantly more accurate than the Fermi and Jette equations, particularly at large distances from the beam axis.
Synthesis studies directed toward gelsemine. Preparation of an advanced pentacyclic intermediate

Abstract Pentacyclic gelsemine intermediate 2 was prepared from 3 by a six step sequence whose key steps are (a) intramolecular Mannich cyclization of an N-acyliminium ion intermediate to form the azatricyclo [4.4.0.0 2,8 ] decane ring system, and (b) palladium catalyzed intramolecular alkene arylation to elaborate the spirooxindole.
THE CONCEPT OF ADAPTATION IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGY.

(1965). The Concept of Adaptation in Modern Psychology. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 73-93.
Efficacy of sacral neuromodulation for symptomatic treatment of refractory urinary urge incontinence.

Objectives To determine the efficacy and complications of sacral neuromodulation as therapy for refractory urinary urge incontinence. Methods Forty-one patients (mean age 54.3 ± 15.8 years) with urge incontinence refractory to conservative therapy (ie, pharmacologic, behavioral, biofeedback therapy) were retrospectively evaluated. The patients included those who received permanent one-staged or two-staged InterStim implants. Surgical implantation of the InterStim was performed in patients who experienced a greater than 50% reduction in urge incontinence symptoms, as documented by voiding diaries during a 3 to 7-day test stimulation period. Results Ninety percent of patients had 50% or greater improvement in presenting symptoms and quality-of-life parameters after InterStim implantation, with a median follow-up of 12 months (interquartile range 12 to 26.5) for single-stage and 4.5 months (interquartile range 1.5 to 12) for staged implants (P = 0.0003 Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Patients with urge incontinence had a significant reduction in mean leaking episodes (from 8.8 to 2.3 per day, P = 0.0001), with a significant decrease in the mean number of pads used (from 4.7 to 0.82 per day, P <0.0001). No patient experienced operative complications, and postoperative complications were encountered in 29% of patients. Conclusions Our results have demonstrated that sacral neuromodulation is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of urinary urge incontinence that is refractory to other more conservative forms of treatment.
Making the causal link: frontal cortex activity and repetition priming.

Object identification improves with repeated presentation, but neural activity decreases. In a new study, disrupting inferior frontal activity with transcranial magnetic stimulation during initial exposure to an object blocks later behavioral and neural changes.
A class of models for non-stationary Gaussian processes

Abstract Non-stationary processes reducible to stationary processes, oscillatory processes, and truncated Karhunen–Loeve or Fourier series are currently used to represent non-stationary Gaussian processes and generate samples of these processes. This paper presents alternative models for non-stationary, continuous-time Gaussian processes and develops Monte Carlo simulation algorithms based on these models. Two classes of models and Monte Carlo algorithms are considered depending on whether the target Gaussian process is or is not Markov. Generally, the Monte Carlo simulation algorithms for non-stationary Gaussian–Markov processes are more efficient and simpler to implement than the algorithms for non-stationary Gaussian processes. Examples are presented to illustrate the models for non-stationary Gaussian processes discussed in the paper and the Monte Carlo simulation algorithms based on these models. The examples include non-stationary Gaussian processes that satisfy and violate the Markov property.
Training and Supervision through the Written Word: A Description and Intern Feedback.

Interns support the use of transcription as a method for feedback during supervision. Thirty of 45 master’s level interns who experienced supervision with transcripts returned a transcription survey and indicated positive outcomes for this type of supervision. Positive characteristics included efficiency, concreteness (what was actually said), and ease in analyzing and constructing productive responses. The supervisor’s reinforcement (written) was provided as often as was necessary. Negative aspects of using transcriptions included anxiety associated with the visual reminder of the lack of developed skills, loss of nonverbal behaviors, and less personal interaction between the supervisor and intern.
Monte Carlo simulation of the collapse‐coil transition in homopolymers

We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of the transition of polymers from an expanded to a collapsed state on a cubic lattice using a variation of the scanning technique of Meirovitch. The technique allows the study of highly compact polymer conformations that could not be studied with previously available methods. Our results indicate that the universal scaling function α3(1−T/θ)n1/2 vs (1−T/θ)n1/2 has a pronounced maximum before leveling off in the fully collapsed regime. Available experimental data for this function only cover the range up to and including the maximum. Good agreement is obtained between our calculations and experimental data for the polystyrene/cyclohexane system.
Disaster preparedness for renal facilities and patients.

(1997). Disaster Preparedness for Renal Facilities and Patients. Renal Failure: Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 673-685.
Improving Nursing Care Services for Children and Adolescents with Severe Emotional Disorders

The purpose of this article is to address the educational and training needs of students in programs designed to prepare advanced nurse clinicians in child and adolescent psychiatric nursing in order to improve the care of severely emotionally and behaviorally disturbed (SED) children. To accomplish this task, several related issues have been addressed. These include: information on the types and rates of disorders in children, variables associated with psychopathology in children and adolescents, psychiatric care needs and the settings in which interventions occur, information about child and adolescent psychiatric nurses, and the current status of the educational scene for child and adolescent psychiatric nurses. Finally, recommendations for strategies to improve the care of SED children and their families are presented.
An asynchronously embedded datapath for performance acceleration and energy efficiency

Motivated by the unwillingness to accept the worst-case timing constraint that synchronous logic imposes, and additionally motivated by finding a supply voltage scaling scheme for datapath circuits that is unconstrained by timing errors in memory elements, the authors have built an asynchronous datapath that is embedded seamlessly into a synchronous register file. This paper will show that not only does asynchronous arithmetic logic exhibit many characteristics that allow it to be inherently lower power, but it is significantly faster than any synchronous counterpart and is a perfect candidate technology for datapath acceleration. Further, novel circuits are presented that allow asynchronous datapath units to be embedded in a synchronous environment with little overhead while the dual-rail asynchronous encoding scheme is successfully converted with equally low overhead. The authors have built a test chip being fabricated at the time of publication. The circuits on this chip will be discussed and simulation results given showing this design to be both energy and performance efficient when compared to other known datapath designs.
ELECTIVE DELIVERY OF THE “TERM” FETUS - AN OBSTETRICAL HAZARD

Of 1,020 consecutive admissions to a regional neonatal center, 38 infants were admitted following elective delivery in which no medical condition of the mother or fetus had necessitated immediate delivery. Twenty infants had problems which were not, primarily, the result of elective delivery, but 18 developed hyaline membrane disease which was clearly related to premature delivery. Fifteen of these 18 infants were delivered by Caesarean section and in none of the mothers had any assessment of fetal maturity or size (other than the menstrual history and physical examination) been attempted. These infants remained in the hospital for an average of 12.7 days at a mean cost of $3456 per patient. One infant died. Elective delivery in the absence of pressing medical indications should not be undertaken without objective assessment of fetal maturity. Failure to utilize available techniques may produce a cost in morbidity and mortality which cannot be defended.
Transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy/photorefractive keratectomy with adjunctive mitomycin-C for complicated LASIK flaps

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy/photorefractive keratectomy (PTK/PRK) with prophylactic mitomycin-C for the treatment of refractive errors and maintenance of corneal clarity following flap complications in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Setting Outpatient tertiary care center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Methods Ten eyes of 10 patients with LASIK flap complications had transepithelial PTK/PRK for correction of ametropia. Mitomycin-C 0.02% was applied to the stroma for 2 minutes following laser ablation. Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refractions, and slitlamp examinations were obtained. Results Preoperatively, the mean UCVA was 20/400 (range 20/40 to counting fingers), the mean BSCVA was 20/28.5, and the spherical equivalent refractive errors ranged from +4.00 to −10.75 diopters (D). After the procedure, the mean UCVA was 20/28, the mean BSCVA was 20/21, and the spherical equivalent refractive errors ranged from +0.37 to −1.00 D. The mean follow-up ranged from 8 to 28 months. No patient experienced delayed reepithelialization, haze, or other signs of toxicity. Conclusion Mitomycin-C can be a useful adjunctive therapy for the prevention of haze when applying surface excimer laser therapy to a cornea following LASIK flap complications.
Nickel Cytochrome c. Effect of Protein Moiety on the Metal Ion Coordination

Nickel cytochrome c has been synthesized by the reaction of metal-free porphyrin cytochrome c with Ni(II) ions in 0.6 Mglycylglycine and 4 M KSCN. Electronic spectra and susceptibility measurement showed the nickel to be in a high-spin octahedral configuration exemplifying the strong influence of the protein moiety as a macrocyclic ligand on the coordination chemistry of the metal ion. Nickel cytochrome c has the same electrophoretic mobility, helicity and pK values of conformational transitions as the native enzyme. At high pH, the partially denatured nickel cytochrome c becomes dimeric. Nitric oxide reacts with nickel cytochrome c to form the nitrosyl derivative with (formula: see text). Reaction of NO with nickel protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester in toluene, pyridine, or methylthioethanol produced no stable nitrosyl products, clearly demonstrating the effect of protein on metal ion ligation.
Analysis of DNA surrounding the breakpoints of chromosomal translocations involving the β T cell receptor gene in human lymphoblastic neoplasms

DNA containing breakpoints of two different t(7;9) chromosomal translocations was cloned from the T lymphoblastic tumor cell lines SUP-T1 and SUP-T3. Sequence analysis of DNA from the t(7;9)(q34;q34.3) translocation of SUP-T1 revealed that chromosome 9 DNA had recombined with DNA 5' to rearranged D-J regions in the beta T cell receptor gene of chromosome 7. Restriction analysis and hybridization studies using DNA fragments cloned from the t(7;9)(q34;32) translocation of SUP-T3 confirmed that beta T cell receptor DNA is also joined to the DNA of chromosome 9 in these cells. Using hybridization probes for the two breakpoints, several other cases of T lymphoblastic tumors were shown to possess DNA rearrangements near the 9q34.3 and 9q32 sites. Hybridization with the 9q34.3 probe detected multiple transcripts in SUP-T1 RNA and small amounts of larger transcripts in T cells lacking the t(7;9)(q34;q34.3) translocation. This work directly demonstrates that the beta T cell receptor locus may frequently be involved in chromosomal translocations within T lymphoblastic neoplasms.
Recent developments: Breast cancer

As our understanding of the biology of breast cancer continues to improve, treatment of the disease continues to change. Although the ultimate goal of treatment remains improved survival, increasing emphasis is now put on less morbid treatments and improving quality of life. Prevention remains a major focus, particularly in women at high risk of developing breast cancer because of mutations in susceptibility genes. In this article, we review the current prevention strategies in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, data on sentinel node biopsy for axillary staging, and trials of new endocrine treatments for advanced breast cancer.
Age‐related impeded regeneration of mouse minced anterior tibial muscle

The effect of increasing age on the completeness of anterior tibial muscle regeneration from autotransplants of minced muscle has been studied in Swiss Webster and C57/B6J mice aged 18 to 120 days. A progressively declining capability to regenerate new myofibers was associated with a decreasing phagocytic clearance of implanted myofiber debris. Concurrently, there was decreased presumptive myoblast proliferation and new myofiber formation. The importance of age-related host factors, including nonspecific macrophage activity, in muscle mince regeneration was demonstrated by: (1) the successful regeneration of muscle in heterotransplanted muscle minces from older mice implanted in younger animals and (2) the failure of muscle regeneration when the reverse experiment was performed in syngeneic animals. Heterologous striated muscle from the diaphragm regenerated in the bed of the excised anterior tibial muscle, whereas heterologous cardiac muscle failed to regenerate as expected because of the absence of satellite cells. The failure of phagocytic clearance of implanted myofiber mince and concurrent retardation of regeneration suggests a major age-related nonimmune role of phagocytic macrophages in the early stages of regeneration of anterior tibial muscle from isotopic minced muscle implants.
Interference avoidance and multiuser MIMO systems

We apply interference avoidance methods to multiuser systems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) such as would be used on the uplink (or in overlapping downlink footprints) for satellite systems with multiple antennas. An arbitrary signal space can be used and the method can be applied to any MIMO system model regardless of the choice signal basis functions. Information is transmitted via multicode CDMA where symbols that comprise the data frame from a given user are ‘spread’ over the available dimensions using a precoding matrix. Optimal precoding matrices that maximize signal-to-interference plus noise-ratio for all symbols/users are then obtained by application of distributed greedy interference avoidance methods. In general, algorithms based on greedy interference avoidance are different from water filling schemes. However, the codeword ensembles obtained provide similar simultaneous water filling solutions and thus maximize sum capacity. Numerical simulations have been performed and the signal-to-noise ratio distribution for receiver antennas and complementary cumulative distribution functions for sum capacity with optimal precoding matrices are also presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the model-independent evaluation of inelastic electron scattering data at low momentum transfer

Abstract At low momentum transfer, electro-excitation experiments may be corrected for the static Coulomb effects in a model-independent way. This is demonstrated in the case of magnetic transitions for various phenomenological current and magnetization distributions. The inclusion of a finite excitation energy gives mainly a kinematical effect. It is further shown that for transverse transitions the notion of a “transition radius” has no model-independent physical meaning and should be avoided.
Optical oscillator strengths for lithium

A simple two-parameter analytic potential adjusted so as to reproduce the experimental energy levels is used to generate wave functions for the ground and excited states of the lithium atom. Using these wave functions in conjunction with the Born approximation and the Russell–Saunders LS-coupling scheme, we calculate the optical oscillator strengths for various excitations from the 1s22s(2S1/2) ground state. The results are compared to experiment and other calculations. Un simple potentiel analytique avec deux parametres et ajuste pour reproduire les niveaux experimentaux est utilise pour engendrer des fonctions d'onde pour l'etat fondamental et quelques etats excites de l'atome de lithium. Avec ces fonctions d'onde, l'approximation de Born et le schema de couplage LS de Russell–Saunders nous calculons les forces d'oscillateur optiques pour un nombre d'excitations a partier de l'etat fondamental 1s22s(2S1/2). Les resultats sont compares aux valeurs experimentales et a ceux obtenus d'autres calculs. Ein einfaches analytisches Zweiparameterpotential, angepasst um die experimentellen Energieniveaus zu reproduzieren, wird fur die Erzeugung von Wellenfunktionen fur den Grundzustand und einige angeregten Zustande des Lithiumatoms angewandt. Mit diesen Wellenfunktionen, der Bornapproximation und dem Russell–Saunders'schen LS-Kopplungsschema werden die optischen Oszillatorenstarken fur verschiedene Anregungen vom Grundzustand 1s22s(2S1/2) berechnet. Die Resultate werden mit Experimentalwerten und Resultaten anderer Berechnungen verglichen.
Genetic algorithm optimization of wireless communication networks

The proliferation of wireless communication networks, particularly low cost configurations, has brought with it a natural interest in network optimization. Specifically, the low cost emphasis in many modern wireless networks often places severe constraints on the acceptable level of transceiver processing circuitry complexity. Available transmitter power is also often at a premium in these modern networks. The solution to the design problem therefore usually requires significant optimization coupled with network simulation. The paper considers the synthesis of a 2-D network of N transceiver nodes with a known spatial distribution using a genetic algorithm optimization method. Each of the nodes consists of a relatively simple a transceiver (antennas, a receiver and a transmitter) in which only limited adjustments of antenna pattern and transmission power level are available. The goal of the optimization is to maximize nodal signal to noise ratios (SNR) while minimizing the transmitter power levels.
Discussion of ‘The role of revenue recognition in performance reporting’ by Alfred Wagenhofer (2014)

Thank you so much for inviting me to be here. I really appreciate the opportunity. This is my first time at this conference but I have heard great things about it and I have seen some of the webcas...
Interstitial water patterns: A factor influencing the distributions of some lotic aquatic vascular macrophytes

Fortner, S.L. and White, D.S., 1988. Interstitial water patterns: a factor influencing the distributions of some lotic aquatic vascular macrophytes. Aquat. Bot., 31: 1-12. The distributions of 9 species of aquatic vascular macrophytes were examined in relation to interstitial water patterns (based on temperature) in the beds of three northern Michigan (U.S.A.) streams. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir., Caltha palustris L. and Nasturtium officinale R.Br. were associated with areas of groundwater discharge. Sparganium chlorocarpum Rydb., Veronica catenata Penn., Potamogeton fili/ormis Pers. and P. richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. occurred most often at the downstream end of a hyporheic zone (corresponding to the foot of a riffle) where interstitial water was of surface origin. Sagittaria lati[olia Willd. occurred where interstitial temperatures were cool; the water origin was not determined. Potamogeton gramineus L. occurred most often where interstitial temperatures were warm, primarily at the upstream ends and middles of hyporheic zones (heads of riffles) in areas of surface-water infiltration. Complex patterns of interstitial water movement and related physicochemical complexity combined with differences in plant requirements, in part, may determine observed local distributions.
New digital media use and preferences for government: a survey of Canadians

This paper examines the use of new digital media, and the preferences for this technology, utilising the 2012 Canadian survey by the Institute of Citizen-Centered Service (ICCS). Specifically, we examine what is currently being used, and the preferences and service expectations for this new digital media technology. The results of this study indicate that citizens are increasingly using new digital media, and they have very high service expectations in regards to timely updates of information and responses from government. The statistical models reveal that new digital media use was shaped by demographic factors, internet use, as well as privacy and security concerns. These results show that governments need to pay more attention to the use and preferences of new digital media, especially given the tight budgets they operate under, and think of strategies to serve the public better through this technology.
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis as a phenotype of a PLP1 gene mutation.

We report a 49-year-old woman with a history of progressive gait disturbance, white matter disease, and cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin abnormalities who met criteria for primary progressive multiple sclerosis and whose son died at age 10 years of an unknown congenital neurodevelopmental disorder. Sequencing of the proteolipid protein 1 gene showed a novel mutation, Leu30Arg (c.89T〉G), in the mother and son. Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease is the cause of death in the son and explains the mother's adult-onset neurological disorder. This case goes against dogma that mothers of severely affected sons are asymptomatic as adults and expands the differential diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis to include proteolipid protein 1 gene mutations. Ann Neurol 2005;58:470–473
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN ZOO ANIMALS IN SELECTED ZOOS IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

Toxoplasma gondii infections in zoo animals are of interest because many captive animals die of clinical toxoplasmosis and because of the potential risk of exposure of children and elderly to T. gondii oocysts excreted by cats in the zoos. Seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies in wild zoo felids, highly susceptible zoo species, and feral cats from 8 zoos of the midwestern United States was determined by using the modified agglutination test (MAT). A titer of 1:25 was considered indicative of T. gondii exposure. Among wild felids, antibodies to T. gondii were found in 6 (27.3%) of 22 cheetahs (Acynonyx jubatus jubatus), 2 of 4 African lynx (Caracal caracal), 1 of 7 clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa), 1 of 5 Pallas cats (Otocolobus manul), 12 (54.5%) of 22 African lions (Panthera leo), 1 of 1 jaguar (Panthera onca), 1 of 1 Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis), 1 of 1 Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor), 5 (27.8%) of 18 Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica), 1 of 4 fishing cats (Prionailurus ...
Modeling 3D human poses from uncalibrated monocular images

This paper introduces an efficient algorithm that reconstructs 3D human poses as well as camera parameters from a small number of 2D point correspondences obtained from uncalibrated monocular images. This problem is challenging because 2D image constraints (e.g. 2D point correspondences) are often not sufficient to determine 3D poses of an articulated object. The key idea of this paper is to identify a set of new constraints and use them to eliminate the ambiguity of 3D pose reconstruction. We also develop an optimization process to simultaneously reconstruct both human poses and camera parameters from various forms of reconstruction constraints. We demonstrate the power and effectiveness of our system by evaluating the performance of the algorithm on both real and synthetic data. We show the algorithm can accurately reconstruct 3D poses and camera parameters from a wide variety of real images, including internet photos and key frames extracted from monocular video sequences.
Performance of CdSe tetrapods-gold as nanostructure electrochemical materials in photovoltaic cells

Nanoscale rectennae (rectifying antennae) have been fabricated by combining rectifying organic self-assembled monolayers (SAM) with plasmonic materials because of their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of capturing light. Gold antenna arrays are assembled by coating on CdSe tetrapod templates; the rectifying barrier is formed by self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of gold and electrolyte which contains alkylthiolate. Photocurrent measurements showed that electric currents can be induced at different wavelengths within visible range that strongly depend on the aspect ratio of the tetrapod. Adding gold layer can increase the generated photocurrents due to the rectification. Multiple mechanisms among the semiconductors, metals and electrolytes in response of photocurrent are indicated and analyzed.
Regional Instability and the 'Spillover Effect:' The Case of Cameroon

Internal domestic political conflicts fueled by economic and religious unrest has rendered several African countries vulnerable and has resulted to increasingly higher levels of political instability. The worsening economic and political situation compounded by religious and ethnic conflict in countries like Nigeria, the Central African Republic, Chad and Mali to name a few, raises some interesting questions about the so-called “spillover effect” on neighboring states. While there is significant evidence of a spillover effect in states in other parts of the world, the effects of such spillovers in developing countries particularly with transnational groups are still inconclusive and yet to be determined. Thus, apart from the economic cost generated by huge influx of refugees into some African states, there is strong evidence nonetheless of political strains in these nations. This paper will examine the impact of the “spillover effect” from conflicts in Nigeria, The Central African Republic and Mali on the economic and political stability of Cameroon.
Phase stability and density of FeS at high pressures and temperatures: implications for the interior structure of Mars

The phase diagram of stoichiometric iron sulfide (FeS) was investigated at high pressures and temperatures (15^35 GPa, 1400^2200 K) with a laser-heated diamond anvil cell and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The NiAs-structured polymorph of FeS is found to be stable within the P-T range of the Martian core. The density of FeS at 1600 K is measured to be 5.96 g/cm 3 at 17 GPa and 6.65 g/cm 3 at 35 GPa. The density measurements are used to evaluate structural models of Mars containing a core within the Fe^FeS system. The models that satisfy the geophysical constraints proscribe limits on the thickness of the Martian crust, the size and composition of the core, and the thickness of a perovskite-bearing layer close to the Martian core^mantle boundary. fl 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Trabeculectomy-related complications in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1985 through 2010.

Importance Trabeculectomy is the surgical standard of care for patients with medically refractory glaucoma. The use of antimetabolite agents, such as mitomycin, has increased the rate of complications after trabeculectomy. Objective To determine the rate of trabeculectomy-related complications during a 25-year study. Design, Setting, and Participants For this retrospective, population-based study, we enrolled the residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who underwent a trabeculectomy from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2010, at the Mayo Clinic and Olmsted Community Hospital. Data were collected from August 2012 to September 2013 followed by data analysis through January 2014. Exposures After reviewing the patient records, we determined the occurrence of complications, including bleb leak, hypotony, hyphema, choroidal effusion, choroidal hemorrhage, blebitis, and endophthalmitis, as they relate to the mitomycin concentration administered during the operation. We reviewed relevant publications in Ovid, MEDLINE, and PubMed to identify studies representative of the reported trabeculectomy complication rate. Main Outcomes and Measures Cumulative probabilities of short- and long-term complications, determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the relation to mitomycin concentration applied during trabeculectomy. Results In 334 patients, 460 eyes underwent trabeculectomy (mean [SD; range] follow-up, 7.7 [5.7; 0-27.7] years). Among them, 159 eyes had complications, with early complications ( P = .77. In total, 98 cases (21.3%) underwent further surgical procedures related directly to the complication. Conclusions and Relevance The rate of trabeculectomy-related complications does not appear to be associated with mitomycin use during a mean follow-up of 7.7 years. The rate of vision-threatening complications appears to be comparable to those of previous studies of shorter duration.
Efficient realizations of encoders and decoders based on the 2-D discrete wavelet transform

In this paper, we present architectures and scheduling algorithms for encoders and decoders that are based on the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. We consider the design of encoders and decoders individually, as well as in an integrated encoder-decoder system. We propose architectures ranging from a single-instruction multiple-data processor arrays to folded architectures that are suitable for single-chip implementations. The scheduling algorithms for the folded architectures range from those that try to minimize the latency to those that try to minimize the storage and keep the data flow regular. We include a comparison of the performance of these algorithms to aid the designer in choosing one that is best suited for a specific application.
Optical Constants from Reflectance Ratios by a Geometric Construction

A new exact method of extracting optical constants from reflectance ratios obtained by the Avery technique is presented. The method yields the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant directly by means of a simple geometric construction. The method is illustrated by a practical case taken from measurements on gray tin.
Changing the hidden curriculum of campus rape prevention and education: women's self-defense as a key protective factor for a public health model of prevention

Recent activist, policy, and government efforts to engage in campus rape prevention education (RPE), culminating in the 2014 White House Task Force recommendations to combat campus sexual assault, prompt a need to examine the concept of "prevention" in the context of sexual assault on U.S. college campuses and their surrounding community service agencies. This article reviews previous research on effective resistance to sexual assault, showing that self-defense is a well-established protective factor in a public health model of sexual assault prevention. The article goes on to show, through an examination of campus rape prevention efforts framed as "primary prevention," that self-defense is routinely excluded. This creates a hidden curriculum that preserves a gender status quo even while it strives for change. The article concludes with recommendations for how administrators, educators, facilitators, funding agencies, and others can incorporate self-defense into campus RPE for a more effective, data-driven set of sexual assault prevention efforts.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Patients Without Heart Failure? Insights From 254,301 Patients From Randomized Trials

Abstract Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients without heart failure. Patients and Methods Meta-analysis of randomized trials identified using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials searches from January 1, 1980, through April 13, 2015, of ACEis and ARBs compared with placebo or active controls and corroborated with head-to-head trials of ARBs vs ACEis. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), angina, stroke, heart failure, revascularization, and new-onset diabetes. Results Our search yielded 106 randomized trials that enrolled 254,301 patients. Compared with placebo, ACEis but not ARBs reduced the outcomes of all-cause mortality (ACEis vs placebo: relative risk [RR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-1.00; ARBs vs placebo: RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96-1.06; P interaction =.04), cardiovascular death (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.99 and RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92-1.14; P interaction =.05), and MI (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.90 and RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.85-1.03; P interaction =.06). The meta-regression analysis revealed that the difference between ACEis and ARBs compared with placebo was due to a higher placebo event rate in the ACEis trials (most of these trials were conducted a decade earlier than the ARB trials) for the outcome of all-cause mortality ( P =.001), cardiovascular death ( P P =.02). Sensitivity analyses restricted to trials published after 2000 revealed similar outcomes with ACEis vs placebo and ARBs vs placebo ( P interaction >.05). Head-to-head comparison trials of ARBs vs ACEis exhibited no difference in outcomes except for a lower risk of drug withdrawal due to adverse effects with ARBs (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65-0.81). Conclusion In patients without heart failure, evidence from placebo-controlled trials (restricted to trials after 2000), active controlled trials, and head-to-head randomized trials all suggest ARBs to be as efficacious and safe as ACEis, with the added advantage of better tolerability.
SPIN ISOMERS OF THE SHAPE ISOMER /sup 237m/Pu.

Two components in the spontaneous-fission decay of $^{237m}\mathrm{Pu}$ have been investigated. The half-lives of the two isomers are 82 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 8 nsec and 1120 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 80 nsec. The production ratio of the two components was determined for three different bombarding conditions: $^{235}\mathrm{U}$ + 24-MeV $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles, $^{235}\mathrm{U}$ + 27-MeV $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles, and $^{237}\mathrm{Np}$ + 12.1-MeV deuterons. The dependence of the production ratio on angular momentum deposition for the various reactions shows that the two shape isomers differ in spin, with the short-lived component corresponding to the lower-spin state. The experimental isomer ratios are compared with statistical-model calculations. Assuming the validity of the statistical description of isomer population, and the absence of a significant $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-decay branch for the high-spin isomer, the deformation associated with shape isomerism can be deduced from isomer-spin information extracted from the present experiment and reference to the Nilsson diagram at large deformation. The deformation indicated is approximately $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=0.6$, in good agreement with theoretical estimates.