cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A correlation between the serum protein-bound iodine and the radioiodine conversion ratio in various thyroid states

RECENTLY several tests using radioactive iodine as an indicator of the state of thyroid function have been developed. One of these utilizes a determination of the total plasma radioactive iodine and the proteinbound radioiodine twenty-four hours after the oral administration of an aqueous inorganic I131 solution (1, 2). A ratio between these two values had been found to be a useful clinical aid. It is termed the conversion ratio and has been thought to be more or less directly related to the rate at which the thyroid gland utilizes the circulating inorganic iodine of the plasma to form plasma protein-bound iodine. Regardless of how direct the relation may be, it is not a simple one. For example, the amount of inorganic iodine in the body is a factor and patients having received iodine solutions, such as Lugol's, may have a low conversion ratio. Other drugs which influence the activity of the thyroid gland will also exert an effect on this ratio. The serum or plasma protein-bound iodine as determined chemi...
Quaternion frame approach to streamline visualization

Curves in space are difficult to perceive and analyze, especially when they form dense sets as in typical 3D flow and volume deformation applications. We propose a technique that exposes essential properties of space curves by attaching an appropriate moving coordinate frame to each point, reexpressing that moving frame as a unit quaternion, and supporting interaction with the resulting quaternion field. The original curves in 3-space are associated with piecewise continuous 4-vector quaternion fields, which map into new curves lying in the unit 3-sphere in 4-space. Since 4-space clusters of curves with similar moving frames occur independently of the curves' original proximity in 3-space, a powerful analysis tool results. We treat two separate moving-frame formalisms, the Frenet frame and the parallel-transport frame, and compare their properties. We describe several flexible approaches for interacting with and exploiting the properties of the 4D quaternion fields. >
Zinc-deficiency acrodermatitis in a patient with chronic alcoholism and gastric bypass: a case report

Acquired adult-onset zinc deficiency is occasionally reported in patients with malnutrition states, such as alcoholism, or malabsorptive states, such as post-bariatric surgery. The defining symptoms of hypozincemia include a classic triad of necrolytic dermatitis, diffuse alopecia, and diarrhea. We report a case of zinc deficiency in a 39-year-old man with history of gastric bypass surgery and alcoholism. For this patient, severe hypozincemia confirmed acrodermatitis, and zinc supplementation was met with gradual improvement. Keywords : acquired; zinc defiency; bariatric surgery; alcoholism; malnutrition (Published: 31 July 2014) Citation : Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2014, 4 : 24707 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v4.24707
Campylobacter pylori virulence factors in gnotobiotic piglets.

Thirty-three gnotobiotic piglets from four litters were challenged with motile and nonmotile strains of Campylobacter pylori. The most motile strain, 26695, was the most virulent, with a 100% infection rate. The least motile strain, Tx30a, was the least virulent, with an infection rate of only 17%. Strain 60190 was weakly motile and had intermediate virulence, with an infection rate of 40%. Strains recovered from piglets were more motile than the challenge strains. The challenge strains also differed in cytotoxin production. The least virulent strain, Tx30a, was nontoxigenic, while the other two strains produced high levels of cytotoxin. Thus, virulence of C. pylori for gnotobiotic piglets correlated very well with motility and not as well with cytotoxin production. Images
Integrating phase into the visualization of spectral decomposition attributes

AbstractMuch of the world’s conventional oil and gas production comes from fluvial-deltaic reservoirs. The ability to accurately interpret the architectural elements comprising these systems greatly reduces the risk in exploration and development in these environments. We have evaluated methods for using spectral decomposition attributes to improve the visualization in fluvial-deltaic environments using data from the Middle Pennsylvanian age Red Fork Formation of Oklahoma. We determined how spectral phase and magnitude attributes can be effectively combined using an hue-saturation-value color map to produce images that have considerable interpretational value. Incorporating our methods in the interpretation process has the potential to improve the exploration and development in these systems.
Abstract 15613: Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Inversely Associated with Advanced Glycation Endproduct Carboxymethyllysine among Male Middle-Aged Twins

Introduction: Accelerated biological aging is thought to increase the severity of cardiovascular diseases through a network of unifying pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been inversely linked with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, no previous study has examined whether markers of biological aging, particularly AGEs such as carboxymethyllysine (CML), are associated with the Mediterranean diet. Hypothesis: Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased levels of CML. Methods: A sample of 426 male middle-aged twins, including 129 monozygotic and 84 dizygotic twin pairs, with no previous history of coronary heart disease, was recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. All twins completed the Willett food-frequency questionnaire and the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was calculated. AGEs were measured using commercially available kits. Robust regression analysis was used to examine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and CML within pairs. Results: The mean age of the twins was 55 years (SD=3.0) and 95.8% were white. Within-pair differences in the MDS were assessed using a continuous scale. A 1-unit within pair absolute difference in the MDS was associated with a 1.7% ( P P Conclusions: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with CML, an advanced glycation endproduct that promotes accelerated biological aging, independent of traditional CVD risk factors and shared familial and genetic factors. Our study supports the importance of a healthy diet for vascular health and for the deceleration of early vascular aging.
Satellite Observations during Polar Substorms

In this chapter, we combine available observations by satellite-borne instruments of the variations of the magnetic field and of the flux of both electrons and protons in and near the equatorial plane during auroral (or polar magnetic) substorms. The location at a point in the equatorial plane in and near the magnetosphere is specified by the radial distance r e.
Tonal and Morphological Identity in Reduplication

A successful analysis of Chichewa must produce matching tonal patterns in the two copies. This paper argues that tonal identity in Chichewa is a consequence of the language’s general morphological properties, not reduplication-specific tone-placement constraints. Tone placement in verb stems is morphologically controlled (see below), so if we require morphological identity between bases and reduplicants (cf. Downing 1997a,b,c), the morphology will assign the same tonal patterns to the two copies. As reduplicative patterns in other languages demonstrate, the power to produce morphological identity is independently necessary.
Epidemiology of food allergy : review article

The prevalence of food allergies has increased in the past 2 decades particularly in developed countries, but with recent evidence of an increase in developing countries too. Despite this change in prevalence, the most common allergenic foods remain cow's milk, hen's egg, wheat, soya, fish, shellfish, peanut and tree nuts. Food allergy prevalence studies are thwart with inherent difficulties, and using self-report or sensitisation patterns is an inaccurate measure of food allergy prevalence. Food challenge testing is the optimal way of proving food allergy, albeit labour and cost-intensive. Large population studies and meta-analyses of studies, using food challenges, have shown a wide variation in food allergy prevalence, ranging from 1% to over 10%, depending on the age of the child and the region studied. The prevalence of food allergy in South Africa is currently unknown, though thought to be on the increase. This is currently being investigated in a large population based study in the Western Cape. Risk factors for food allergy are both genetic and environmental, such as diet and microbial diversity. Children with eczema are at particular risk of food allergy because of cutaneous exposure to allergens.
Information infrastructure

The original goals of the Human Genome Project (HGP) were: 1) construction of a high-resolution genetic map of the human genome: 2) production of a variety of physical maps of all human chromosomes and of the DNA of selected model organisms; 3) determination of the complete sequence of human DNA and of the DNA of selected model organisms; 4) development of capabilities for collecting, storing, distributing, and analyzing the data produced; and 5) creation of appropriate technologies necessary to achieve these objectives. Here, the authors assert that the most pressing information-infrastructure requirement now facing the HGP is achieving better interoperation among electronic information resources. Other needs may be equally important (better methods to support large-scale sequencing and mapping, for example), but none are as pressing. The problem of interoperability grows exponentially with the data. Efforts to develop distributed information publishing systems are now underway in many locations. If the needs of the genome project are not soon defined and articulated, they will not be addressed by these external projects. De facto standards will emerge and if these prove inadequate for scientific data publishing, the research community will have little choice but to tolerate this inadequacy indefinitely. >
What makes a drug a primary mood stabilizer

The term 'mood stabilizer' has been applied to a number of medications for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. The operational definition of the properties of a mood-stabilizing medication has varied according to the properties of specific medications and the clinical characteristics of the illness. Randomized controlled trials of agents accepted or proposed as mood stabilizers are reviewed to marshall the available evidence in support of this claim. In addition, potential pharmacological mechanisms underlying mood-stabilizing effects of established compounds are reviewed.
Mexican Church-State Relations Under President Carlos Salinas de Gortari

This essay presents the status of church-state relations in Mexico under the current administration of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari. It focuses on Salinas' overtures to the Roman Catholic Church upon his assuming office in December 1988, developments in the summer of 1989, including a Bishops' Con ference letter to Salinas calling for constitutional reforms as part of an ongoing campaign, the announcement of a visit to Mexico by Pope John Paul II and reactions to these events, the declara tion of an exchange of personal envoys by the pope and Salinas in February 1990, the pope's May 1990 visit which served as an impetus for renewed discussion of the church-state issue in Mex ico, and significant trends in late 1990 to mid-1991. Before considering these events, it should be noted that the emphasis of this essay will be exclusively on relations between the Mexican Roman Catholic Church and the state. Relations between Protestant churches and other religious bodies and the state are beyond the scope of this article since their growing im portance and influence would merit a separate study. It is clear that church-state relations is significant for all churches and reli gious bodies in Mexico. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that newspaper sources utilized for this essay are primarily from the United States, which have provided extensive coverage on the church-state theme in Mexico. This very crucial issue also figured prominently in the Mexican press (especially in the well known publications Excelsior, El Did, and Unomdsuno). Before examining these various contemporary Mexican church-state
Synthesis and Field Emission Property of V2O5·nH2O Nanotube Arrays

Hydrated vanadium pentoxide (V2O5·nH2O) nanotube arrays with outer diameters of 200 nm and lengths of more than 5 μm have been synthesized via template-based physical wetting of V2O5 sols. The V2O5·nH2O nanotube arrays were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy . The field emission (FE) of the V2O5·nH2O nanotube arrays shows a turn-on field of about 6.35 V/μm at a current density of 10 μA/cm2 and an emission current density up to 2.1 mA/cm2 at a field of 9.20 V/μm. The corresponding Fowler−Nordheim plot shows a linear behavior. These features make the V2O5·nH2O nanotube array a promising candidate for FE emitters.
Effects of poverty on children's dental health

While dental decay has decreased significantly during the last decade because of community fluoridation and other factors, children of low-income families have not benefited as greatly as others from this decrease and still remain at significant risk for dental disease. Published reports of dental disease among low-income families and data from the 1986 National Health Interview Survey indicate that children from low-income families have (1) higher dental disease rates, (2) higher percentages of unmet dental need, and (3) significantly lower utilization rates for dental care services, especially preventive activities. Even with the rapid growth of dental insurance, children of low-income families still experience barriers, having both a lower rate of dental insurance and lower use of dental services even with insurance. Notwithstanding these difficulties, there is much the medical care delivery system can do to decrease the effect of poverty on the dental health of children. Health care professionals can assist in identifying a source of dental care, encourage early dental visits for children, promote preventive dental procedures including routine visits and sealants, and increase parents' awareness of dental disease and the importance of dental health.
The Role of microRNAs in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a very challenging malignancy. Disease is diagnosed in an advanced stage in the vast majority of patients, and PDAC cells are often resistant to conventional cytotoxic drugs. Targeted therapies have made no progress in the management of this disease, unlike other cancers. microRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of multitude number of genes by targeting their 3′-UTR mRNA region. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various malignancies, including PDAC. In PDAC, a series of miRs have been defined as holding promise for early diagnostics, as indicators of therapy resistance, and even as markers for therapeutic response in patients. In this mini-review, we present an update on the various different miRs that have been defined in PDAC biology.
Differential lipid binding of vinculin isoforms promotes quasi-equivalent dimerization

The main cause of death globally remains debilitating heart conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which are often due to mutations of specific components of adhesion complexes. Vinculin regulates these complexes and plays essential roles in intercalated discs that are necessary for muscle cell function and coordinated movement and in the development and function of the heart. Humans bearing familial or sporadic mutations in vinculin suffer from chronic, progressively debilitating DCM that ultimately leads to cardiac failure and death, whereas autosomal dominant mutations in vinculin can also provoke HCM, causing acute cardiac failure. The DCM/HCM-associated mutants of vinculin occur in the 68-residue insert unique to the muscle-specific, alternatively spliced isoform of vinculin, termed metavinculin (MV). Contrary to studies that suggested that phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) only induces vinculin homodimers, which are asymmetric, we show that phospholipid binding results in a domain-swapped symmetric MV dimer via a quasi-equivalent interface compared with vinculin involving R975. Although one of the two PIP2 binding sites is preserved, the symmetric MV dimer that bridges two PIP2 molecules differs from the asymmetric vinculin dimer that bridges only one PIP2 Unlike vinculin, wild-type MV and the DCM/HCM-associated R975W mutant bind PIP2 in their inactive conformations, and R975W MV fails to dimerize. Mutating selective vinculin residues to their corresponding MV residues, or vice versa, switches the isoform's dimeric constellation and lipid binding site. Collectively, our data suggest that MV homodimerization modulates microfilament attachment at muscular adhesion sites and furthers our understanding of MV-mediated cardiac remodeling.
CEM challenges in multiphysics modeling and simulation

Multiphysics modeling and simulation have a wide range of application in science and engineering. This paper discusses some challenges for computational electromagnetics in the modeling and simulation of multiphysics problems that involve the interaction between electromagnetic fields and other physical phenomena.
The promise of the 2016 USA-China tourism year: Strategies to boost tourism exchange

• Conference included five keynote presentations and two panel discussions by speakers from China and the US.
Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease: Vascular Milieu and the Potential Therapeutic Role of Exercise

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a model of accelerated aging. More specifically, CKD leads to reduced physical functioning and increased frailty, increased vascular dysfunction, vascular calcification and arterial stiffness, high levels of systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased cognitive impairment. Increasing evidence suggests that the cognitive impairment associated with CKD may be related to cerebral small vessel disease and overall impairment in white matter integrity. The triad of poor physical function, vascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment places patients living with CKD at an increased risk for loss of independence, poor health-related quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. The purpose of this review is to discuss the available evidence of cerebrovascular-renal axis and its interconnection with early and accelerated cognitive impairment in patients with CKD and the plausible role of exercise as a therapeutic modality. Understanding the cerebrovascular-renal axis pathophysiological link and its interconnection with physical function is important for clinicians in order to minimize the risk of loss of independence and improve quality of life in patients with CKD.
Heteronormative Assumptions Embedded in the Cartoonworld and Beyond

This chapter explores the cartoonworld’s potential to expand understandings of heteronormativity. It uses well-known cartoons and other commonalities in U.S. children’s cultures as vehicles for reflection to achieve greater inclusivity of individuals who remain underreported and/or under-recognized as being marginalized and affected by heteronormativity. One aim of the chapter is to serve as a call for social education research to be more inclusive of underreported groups and individuals who may themselves be unaware of the marginalizing affects that heteronormativity imposes on their lives and their relationships with themselves and with others. Another purpose of the chapter is to encourage self-exploration through products of the cartoonworld as to how heteronormative assumptions have shaped our identities. The final goal of this chapter is to elevate children’s cultures as ideal social education research grounds that are intrinsically juxtaposed to and intertwined with other fields of critical study such as feminist and queer theories of knowing.
Paradoxes and wonders of intrinsic disorder: Stability of instability

This article continues a series of short comments on the paradoxes and wonders of the protein intrinsic disorder phenomenon by introducing the "stability of instability" paradox. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by the lack of stable 3D-structure, and, as a result, have an exceptional ability to sustain exposure to extremely harsh environmental conditions (an illustration of the "you cannot break what is already broken" principle). Extended IDPs are known to possess extreme thermal and acid stability and are able either to keep their functionality under these extreme conditions or to rapidly regain their functionality after returning to the normal conditions. Furthermore, sturdiness of intrinsic disorder and its capability to "ignore" harsh conditions provides some interesting and important advantages to its carriers, at the molecular (e.g., the cell wall-anchored accumulation-associated protein playing a crucial role in intercellular adhesion within the biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis), supramolecular (e.g., protein complexes, biologic liquid-liquid phase transitions, and proteinaceous membrane-less organelles), and organismal levels (e.g., the recently popularized case of the microscopic animals, tardigrades, or water bears, that use intrinsically disordered proteins to survive desiccation).
Comorbid Trauma and Substance Use Disorders

The treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) goes hand in hand with understanding the health and mental health histories of our clients. Trauma histories and PTSD diagnoses are often found to exist comorbidly with substance use disorders, but are not always treated simultaneously. Treatment must consider the whole person, inclusive of physical and mental health symptoms and diagnoses. Treatment and professional training for SUDs does not always focus on the integration of trauma-informed care into the recovery process. This chapter will focus on and define trauma in the context of a medical model of substance use disorders to understand best practices for treatment of comorbid substance use and trauma reactions/symptoms. Issues and skills related to cultural competence in this area will be discussed, as well as suggestions for evidence-based practices and screening protocols.
Background correction in rapid scan EPR spectroscopy

Abstract In rapid scan EPR the rapidly-changing magnetic field induces a background signal that may be larger than the EPR signal. A method has been developed to correct for that background signal by acquiring two sets of data, denoted as scan 1 and scan 2. In scan 2 the external field B0 is reversed and the data acquisition trigger is offset by one half cycle of the scan field relative to the settings used in scan 1. For data acquired with a cross-loop resonator subtraction of scan 2 from scan 1 cancels the background and enhances the EPR signal. Experiments were performed at an EPR frequency of about 258 MHz, which is in the range that is commonly used for in vivo imaging. Samples include nitroxide radicals, a trityl radical, a dinitroxide, and a nitroxide in the presence of a magnetic field gradient. This method has the advantage that no assumption is made about the shape of the background signal, and it provides an approach to automating the background correction.
BCR/ABL enhances growth of multipotent progenitor cells but does not block their differentiation potential in vitro.

We have developed an in vitro system for investigating the direct effect of the BCR/ABL oncogene on the growth and differentiation of single multipotent progenitor cells (MPPC). Using this system we demonstrate that MPPC expressing P210 BCR/ABL have an enhanced ability to grow in the presence of very low concentrations of IL-3 or steel locus factor (SLF). MPPC’s expressing P210 BCR/ABL do not exhibit a block in differentiation and can give rise to mast cell, macrophage, granulocyte and B-lymphoid cell lines. Differentiation of the B-lymphoid cell lines can progress to the pre B-cell stage, marked by expression of CD45R (B220) and rearrangements of both heavy chain immunoglobulin gene alleles. Transformation of MPPC’s, initiated by BCR/ABL progresses through defined stages that can be monitored by obvious changes in growth characteristics. These studies demonstrate that BCR/ABL may enhance the growth of MPPC’s without abrogating their differentiation potential. This system should prove useful in evaluating the effect of specific genetic events on leukemogenesis and identifying the molecular signals which regulate normal hematopoietic development.
ChINs, swarms, and variational modalities: concepts in the service of an evolutionary research program

Gunter Wagner’s Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation (2014) collects and synthesizes a vast array of empirical data, theoretical models, and conceptual analysis to set out a progressive research program with a central theoretical commitment: the genetic theory of homology. This research program diverges from standard approaches in evolutionary biology, provides sharpened contours to explanations of the origin of novelty, and expands the conceptual repertoire of evolutionary developmental biology (Evo–devo). I concentrate on four aspects of the book in this essay review: (1) the genetic theory of homology and character identity networks; (2) the implications for how we explain evolutionary novelties; (3) the expanded set of concepts surrounding homology, and (4) the epistemological conflicts between Wagner’s viewpoint and functionally-oriented evolutionary biology, as well as differences with other Evo–devo researchers. Together these have ramifications for how we interpret different explanatory approaches to evolutionary phenomena and understand relationships between the usefulness of concepts and the reality they represent.
Parallel Input/Output and Interrupts

A microcomputer with no input/output (I/O) would be useless, because there would be no way of communicating with it. The two classes of communication used by microcomputers are parallel and serial. In parallel communication, which will be explored in this chapter, eight lines (for an 8-bit computer) are available to the outside. The voltage levels on these lines are either 0 or 5V, and the level of all lines is sensed simultaneously. Parallel I/O is thus conveying information to or from the world external to the microcomputer in the same manner as the data bus communicates within the microcomputer. In serial communication, on the other hand, only two lines participate in the process, and one of them is normally constant at ground potential. The voltage on the active line is high at one instant and low at another, so only one signal is transmitted at a time. Both parallel and serial communication are vital, and each has its place. Serial communication will be addressed in the next chapter.
Subclinical atherosclerosis and incipient regional myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic individuals : The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)

Objectives This study sought to determine whether increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is related to reduced regional myocardial function in participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Background Carotid artery IMT is an established index of subclinical atherosclerosis, and tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect incipient alterations of segmental function that precede overt myocardial failure. Methods The MESA study is a prospective observational study including four ethnic groups free from clinical cardiovascular disease. Peak midwall systolic circumferential strain (ECC) and regional strain rates were calculated by harmonic phase from tagged MRI data of 500 participants. Systolic ECC and diastolic strain rate were regressed on IMT of the common carotid artery defined by ultrasound, with adjustments for body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, left ventricular hypertrophy, C-reactive protein, age, and gender. Results The mean participant age was 66 ± 10 years (mean ± SD). Among the 58 participants, 4% were male and the interquartile (25th to 75th percentile) range for IMT was 0.25 mm. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that increased IMT was related to reduced systolic regional function (less shortening ECC) in all myocardial regions (p Conclusions Greater carotid IMT is associated with alterations of myocardial strain parameters reflecting reduced systolic and diastolic myocardial function. These observations indicate a relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and incipient myocardial dysfunction in a population free of clinical heart disease.
WRF 1960-2014 Winter Season Simulations of Particulate Matter in the Sahel: Implications for Air Quality and Respiratory Health.

We use the Weather Research and Forecast model using the Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) dust module (WRF-CHEM) to simulate the particulate matter (PM) variations in the Sahel during the winter seasons (January-March) of 1960-2014. Two simulations are undertaken where the direct aerosol feedback is turned off, and only transport is considered and where the direct aerosol feedback is turned on. We find that simulated Sahelian PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were lower in the 1960s and after 2003 and higher during the period between 1988 and 2002. Higher Sahelian PM10 concentrations are due to stronger winds between the surface and 925 hPa over the Sahara, which transport dust into the Sahel. Negative PM10 concentration anomalies are found over the Bodele Depression and associated with weaker 925 wind anomalies after 1997 through 2014. Further west, positive PM10 concentration anomalies are found across the Adrar Plateau in the Sahara and responsible for dust transport to the Western Sahel. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is positively correlated to Sahelian dust concentrations especially during the periods of 1960-1970 and 1988-2002. The temporal/spatial patterns of PM10 concentrations have significant respiratory health implications for inhabitants of the Sahel.
A Family Systems Guide to Infidelity: Helping Couples Understand, Recover From, and Avoid Future Affairs

A Family Systems Guide to Infidelity offers an explanatory model and concrete techniques, enabling therapists and counselors to treat the core of a couple’s relationship problems instead of merely applying a therapeutic bandage. Chapters give therapists proven techniques to help couples redevelop trust, rebalance power, increase satisfaction, and recover from the wounds that infidelity causes. This text uses case studies from clinical practice, examples of public or historical figures, and scenarios from popular movies to illustrate concepts, and it provides a systemic explanatory model for understanding infidelity, one that focuses on marital dissatisfaction, power imbalances, unfulfilled dreams, and the discovery of infidelity.
What Causes LVAD-Associated Ischemic Stroke? Surgery, Pump Thrombosis, Antithrombotics, and Infection

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major complication in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) population. A better understanding of clinical risk factors associated with AIS may help mitigate risk of stroke. We reviewed prospectively collected data of 477 LVAD patients from a tertiary center from October 1, 2004 to December 31, 2016. Supplemental data abstraction was performed on patients with AIS. Fifty-seven (12%) developed 61 AIS. Of 61, 17 (28%) AIS occurred perioperatively. The median time from implant to perioperative AIS was 5 days (interquartile range: 3-9). Pump thrombosis accounted for 19 (31%) of 61 AIS, and 7 (37%) presented initially with AIS before the pump thrombosis. The median lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at the time of AIS in the pump thrombosis group (806) was higher than LDH at 1 month (437, P = 0.27) at 3 months (334, P = 0.01), and 6 months (286, P = 0.001) before AIS. Thirty-three (54%) AIS occurred while receiving inadequate antithrombotic therapy. Acute infections were common (31, 51%) in AIS and 12 (20%) were associated with acute bloodstream infection. All AIS were explained by a combination of four clinical risk factors. All LVAD-associated AIS occurred perioperatively or in conjunction with pump thrombosis, subtherapeutic anticoagulation, and bloodstream infection. The common underlying thread is occurrence of a prothrombotic state. The results of this study underscore the potential consequences of disruption of delicate hemostatic balance in patients with LVAD.
Dioxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide by a Molecular Mn Complex: Mechanistic Divergence between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Reductants.

The selective electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen (O2) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could be an alternative to the anthraquinone process used industrially, as well as enable the on-demand production of a useful chemical oxidant, obviating the need for long-term storage. There are challenges associated with this, since the two-proton/two-electron reduction of H2O2 to two equivalents of water (H2O) or disproportionation to O2 and H2O can be competing reactions. Recently, we reported a Mn(III) Schiff base-type complex, Mn(tbudhbpy)Cl, where 6,6′-di(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenolate)-2,2′-bipyridine = [tbudhbpy]2–, which is active for the electrocatalytic reduction of O2 to H2O2 (ca. 80% selectivity). The less-than-quantitative selectivity could be attributed in part to a thermal disproportionation reaction of H2O2 to O2 and H2O. To understand the mechanism in greater detail, spectrochemical stopped-flow and electrochemical techniques were employed to examine the catalytic rate law and kinetic reaction paramete...
Self-Development in Childhood and Adolescence

The nature of children's and adolescents' concepts of self change with age, in large part due to cognitive-developmental changes. Young children's self-concepts are limited to specific, concrete representations (e.g., I can run fast, I know my numbers). In middle and later childhood, children's self-descriptions represent trait labels (e.g., I am smart because I do well in Social Studies, Language Arts, and Math). At adolescence, self-descriptions become increasingly abstract (e.g., I am intelligent, athletic). In addition to domain-specific self-concepts, the ability to evaluate one's overall worth as a person emerges in middle childhood. The level of such global self-esteem varies tremendously across children and is determined by how adequate they feel in domains of importance as well as the extent to which significant others (e.g., parents and peers) approve of them as a person. Low self-esteem is associated with many psychological liabilities including depressed affect, lack of energy, and hopelessness about the future. However, efforts to promote positive self-esteem can be problematic if they are based on unrealistically positive judgments, namely, overestimations of one's competencies. I review the debate about Self-Esteem Movement, which has taken place largely in our schools, which has been criticized for fostering unrealistic perceptions of children's competencies and, in collusion with some parents, a sense of entitlement. Moreover, one must consider cross-cultural differences in the nature of self-esteem, which are legion. Certain cultures (e.g., China) do not even have a term for self-esteem. Plus, instruments designed for Americans are often inappropriate, in terms of content and psychometric properties, leading to faulty interpretations.
E-001 Alternative routes for intra-arterial chemotherapy delivery for treatment of retinoblastoma

Background and purpose Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is now the first line treatment for selected patients with retinoblastoma (Rb). Typically, IAC is infused following the selective catheterization of the ophthalmic artery (OA) on the affected side. However, in some patients, the OA alone may not provide vascular supply to the tumor, whereas in other instances the efficacy of IAC could be compromised due to the presence of prominent collateral vessels from the external carotid artery (ECA). We report our experience with catheterizing vessels other than the ophthalmic artery for IAC treatment for Rb. Methods After institutional review board approval, a retrospective analysis was conducted of electronic medical records and imaging of our Rb population. Results We identified 13 patients who received IAC for Rb treatment. Of these, five patients required alternative methods of chemotherapy delivery other than through the OA, totaling seventeen treatments. Two patients needed balloon assisted occlusion of the ECA, two patients required selective catheterization of the middle meningeal artery, and one patient had no internal carotid artery supply to the choroidal blush, thus the superficial temporal artery provided access for IAC. Total globe salvage rate was 76% and 80% with the alternative route subset. Conclusions Alternatives to the OA may be necessary to deliver IAC for selected cases of Rb. These routes can be safe and effective. However, thorough understanding of the orbital blood supply is essential. Whether these alternative IAC methods result in similar outcomes to ophthalmic artery infusions has not been established. Disclosures C. Quinn: None. R. Tummala: None. B. Jagadeesan: 2; C; Microvention, Tustin, CA, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, CVRx, Minneapolis, MN.
Study on Method to Calculate Air Resistance Caused by Single Train Running through Long Railway Tunnels without Auxiliary adit

The method to calculate the air resistance caused by a single train running through long railway tunnels without auxiliary adit is discussed.A method to calculate the air resistance is established on basis of the unsteady flow and the pressure difference between the train nose and the train tail.The calculation method is verified by field trials and a lot of calculations are made for different train running conditions.The influences of the tunnel length,train-tunnel dimension ratio,train speed and train length on the air resistance is analyzed.The calculation results show that the factor that has the greatest influence on the air resistance is the train-tunnel dimension ratio,which is followed by train speed,tunnel length and train length.
Use of Stem Cells in Spinal Treatments

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a complex anatomic structure consisting of a nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosis (AF), and cartilaginous vertebral end plates. Like all human tissue, these structures undergo age-related degenerative changes termed IVD degeneration (IVDD). In this process, the cell biology of the IVD components is altered. The NP’s ability to synthesize its extracellular matrix components is disturbed, and the AF becomes susceptible to tearing, both of which alter the IVD’s biomechanical properties. As the IVD degenerates, patients may develop discogenic back pain from the inflammatory milieu of IVDD. The altered spinal biomechanics may also contribute to the development of facet joint arthropathy—another source of back pain. The failing AF may allow NP material to herniate resulting in nerve root and/or spinal cord compression. The hope of stem cell treatments is to use pluripotent cells to differentiate into and regenerate normally functional IVD components in order to arrest and/or reverse the degenerative changes of IVDD. Some evidence of IVD regeneration has been seen in both animal studies and small clinical trials. In addition to IVD regeneration, the pluripotent nature of stem cells also lends them to facilitate spinal fusion by differentiating into osteoblasts and creating a biologic environment more favorable for fusion. Animal studies and clinical trials have also shown some promise in facilitating spinal fusion. In general, more clinical data are needed to ascertain whether stem cells may be effective in the treatment of IVD degeneration and in positively influencing spinal fusion procedures.
New metamaterial as a broadband absorber of sunlight with extremely high absorption efficiency

We present computer simulations on the design and performance of a broadband and extremely highly efficient (∼98%) CMOS-compatible metamaterial nanostructure for solar energy applications. An optimized unit cell of the nanostructure consists of a 300 nm × 300 nm × 100 nm titanium nitride (TiN) base covered with 60 nm thick SiO2. A 50 nm high TiN disk of 90 nm radius sits over the SiO2 dielectric. The TiN disk is capped with another disk of HfO2 of 90 nm radius and 30 nm height into which six Au nanoparticles (NPs) are symmetrically placed. A periodic array of such unit cells of 300 nm periodicity covers an underlying solar panel. We investigate the performance of the absorber as functions of wavelength, angle of incidence, and polarization of incident sunlight by utilizing the COMSOL Multiphysics software. We observe an impressive absorption of approximately 98% for normal incidence and the broadband range of wavelengths from 250 nm to 1100 nm. Additionally, the absorption is almost independent of the polarization of light and remains higher than 90% for a wide range of incidence angles.
Perceptions of Danger, Tolerance of Delinquency and Economic Disadvantage: Examining Neighborhood Influences on Child Physical Abuse

Abstract Background Social disorganization theory posits that both structural and social features of a particular geographic unit are associated with criminal behavior. Despite many tests of social disorganization theory, few studies have assessed its relevance to child abuse. Objective This study seeks to explain neighborhood variation in child maltreatment. The goal of the current study is to fill this gap by investigating whether or not child physical abuse is related to neighborhood economic disadvantage, perceptions of the dangerousness of the neighborhood, and norms regarding delinquency. Participants and Setting Data were drawn from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) and included 2364 respondents from 79 neighborhoods. The dependent variable, the variety or number of acts of severe child physical abuse, was reported by caregivers, while neighborhood characteristics were based on information from the U.S. Census Data and adult respondents living in Chicago neighborhoods. Methods A multilevel, over-dispersed, Poisson regression models were utilized to predict the variety of acts of severe physical abuse that a child living within a given neighborhood would experience. Results Neighborhood economic disadvantage was not significantly associated with greater variety of physical abuse. However, neighborhoods perceived as dangerous had greater variety of physical abuse (b = .25, p Conclusions These results suggest that some contextual factors may help explain child maltreatment and should be subject to additional research.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of consumers who transition from assertive community treatment to less intensive services

Many Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams transition consumers to less intensive services as the teams struggle to provide services for new clients, which is a concerning capacity-and-demand i...
Albumin in the Critically Ill

Albumin continues to be one of the options for colloid resuscitation in critically ill patients despite limited evidence for its use. It does seem to have an advantage over other colloids with a better side-effect profile. With it’s ability to increase intravascular oncotic pressure and other postulated metabolic benefits, albumin is preferred by many practioners worldwide for fluid resuscitation amongst ICU patients. In some studies outcome benefits have been shown, especially in patients with sepsis and post cardiac surgery patients. Limitations of its use are associated with its availability, cost and limited side-effect profile.
"I Didn't Choose This. It Chose Me." Community-Based Environmental Justice Leaders.

On 13 February 2020, the University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability held the Michigan Environmental Justice Summit 2020: Commemorating the Thirtieth Anniversary of Michigan’s ...
COVID-19 worries and mental health: the moderating effect of age.

Older age (60+ years) increases the risk of contracting and dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which might suggest worse mental health for those in this age range during the pandemic. ...
Cecal microbiota contribute to the development of woody breast myopathy

The objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial diversity of cecal microbiota in broilers related to breast phenotype, diet, and genetic strain. Broilers from 2 genetic strains (120 birds/strain) were fed a control diet (15 birds/pen) and an amino acid reduced diet (15 birds/pen, digestible lysine, total sulfur amino acids, and threonine reduced by 20% compared to the control diet). At 8 wk of age, 4 male broilers with normal breast (NB, 1 chick per pen) and 4 male broilers with woody breast (WB, 1 chick per pen) were selected for each treatment (strain × diet). The DNA of cecal samples was extracted and the 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and analyzed. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota between 2 phenotypes (NB vs. WB), 2 strains, or 2 diets (control vs. reduced). However, principal coordinate analysis plots (beta diversity) revealed that there were composition differences in samples between the 2 phenotypes (P = 0.001) and the 2 diets (P = 0.024). The most abundant phyla in all samples were Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. There were differences (false discovery rate, FDR 0.05) between the 2 genetic strains. Selenomonas bovis (12.6%) and Bacteroides plebeius (12.3%) were the top 2 predominant bacteria in the ceca of WB birds; however, the relative abundances of these 2 bacteria were only 5.1% and 1.2% in NB birds, respectively. Function analysis predicted that the metabolic activities differed (q < 0.05) only between phenotypes. The microbiota of WB birds was characterized as reduced glycolysis and urea cycle but increased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycles, sugar degradation, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Further studies are needed to investigate if WB incidence could be reduced by regulating gut microbiota and the potential mechanism that leads to decreased WB incidence.