cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diacylglycerol and calcium induce rapid enhancement of A‐system amino acid transport by independent mechanisms in human T‐lymphocytes

Sn-1,2-diacylglycerols (DAG) and ionized-free calcium can act as intracellular second messengers for cell activation. Traditionally, T-lymphocyte activation is assessed by measurements of DNA synthesis or lymphokine production, but these responses require several days to occur and involve multiple intermediary regulatory steps. In contrast, we have found that T-lymphocytes demonstrate rapid enhancement of A-(alanine-favoring) system amino acid uptake when treated with DAG or ionomycin. A 30-40% increase in the initial velocity of uptake (vi) of the synthetic A-system specific amino acid, methylamino-isobutyric acid (MeAIB), was measured following 5 min of exposure to DAG or ionomycin. The vi was enhanced 60% from 12 to 19 mumol/liter cell water per min after 30 min exposure of T-cells to optimal concentrations of dioctanoylglycerol (30 microM), oleoylacetylglycerol (30 microM), or ionomycin (5 microM) (P less than .01 for each agent). A 50-fold excess of non-radioactive MeAIB inhibited 80% of [14C]MeAIB uptake in both unstimulated and stimulated cells, indicating that uptake remained largely carrier-mediated on treatment with these agents. Cycloheximide, 100 micrograms/ml, inhibited protein synthesis but did not block the A-system amino acid transport enhancement induced by DAG or ionomycin. The DAG-induced increase in the vi was blocked 40% with 100 microM H-7, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. H-7 treatment did not inhibit the ionomycin-induced A-system enhancement. A marked increase in cytoplasmic free calcium was measured when T-lymphocytes were exposed to ionomycin but not on DAG exposure, and the A-system effect of ionomycin but not DAG was blocked by extracellular EGTA. These data are compatible with two pathways for rapid enhancement of A-system amino acid uptake in T-lymphocytes. DAG stimulation is mediated via protein kinase C whereas ionomycin produces an A-system effect of similar magnitude independent of protein kinase C by an increase in cytoplasmic calcium.
Social Influence Computation and Maximization in Signed Networks with Competing Cascades

Often in marketing, political campaigns and social media, two competing products or opinions propagate over a social network. Studying social influence in such competing cascades scenarios enables building effective strategies for maximizing the propagation of one process by targeting the most "influential" nodes in the network. The majority of prior work however, focuses on unsigned networks where individuals adopt the opinion of their neighbors with certain probability. In real life, relationships between individuals can be positive (e.g., friend of relationship) or negative (e.g. connection between "foes"). According to social theory, people tend to have similar opinions to their friends but opposite of their foes. In this work, we study the problem of competing cascades on signed networks, which has been relatively unexplored. Particularly, we study the progressive propagation of two competing cascades in a signed network under the Independent Cascade Model, and provide an approximate analytical solution to compute the probability of infection of a node at any given time. We leverage our analytical solution to the problem of competing cascades in signed networks to develop a heuristic for the influence maximization problem. Unlike prior work, we allow the seed-set to be initialized with populations of both cascades with the end goal of maximizing the spread of one cascade. We validate our approach on several large-scale real-world and synthetic networks. Our experiments demonstrate that our influence maximization heuristic significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, particularly when the network is dominated by distrust relationships.
Considerations Regarding the Use of Blood Samples in the Proteomic Identification of Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis

Blood is the most common source of biomarkers for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of malignant disease. Utilizing proteomic technology for biomarker identification offers greatly increased sensitivity. Such an increase in sensitivity requires precise sample preparation to eliminate any bias in analysis. Here, issues concerning the use of blood, plasma and serum for proteomic analysis are summarized. The development of technologies for the early identification of malignant disease would greatly assist in treatment. Ovarian cancer is a leading example of the case in point. Its early, definitive diagnosis would be a major benefit as most patients present with advanced disease (1); early diagnosis (Stage I disease) results in a far more favorable outcome than with advanced Stage III or Stage IV disease (2, 3). Success depends on the development of a technology that is both sensitive and specific (4).
Cervical Cancer Complicated by a Pelvic Kidney

A case of cervical cancer complicated by a pelvic kidney is described. The management of the pelvic kidney with its aberrant blood supply and a short ureter is discussed. We recommend that the pelvic kidney be moved to an area outside of the field of radiation therapy or that a nephrectomy be performed in the patient who is to be treated definitively with radiation therapy.
Composition- and oxidation-controlled magnetism in ternary FeCoNi nanocrystals

Ternary FeCoNi metallic nanostructures have attracted significant attention due to their high saturation magnetization, unique mechanical properties, and large corrosion resistance. In this study, we report a controlled synthesis of ternary FeCoNi nanocrystals using solution-based epitaxial core–shell nanotechnology. The thickness and stoichiometry of the FeCoNi nanocrystals affect their magnetic characteristics, which can be controlled by a phase transformation-induced tetragonal distortion. Furthermore, surface oxidation of the stoichiometry-controlled FeCoNi nanostructures can drastically enhance their magnetic coercivity (up to 8,881.6 Oe for AuCu–FeCo), and optimize the AuCu–FeCo0.8Ni0.2 performance corresponding to the saturated magnetization of 134.4 emu·g−1 and coercivity of 4,036.7 Oe, which opens the possibility of developing rare-earth free high energy nanomagnets.
Structural connectome disruption at baseline predicts 6-months post-stroke outcome.

In this study, models based on quantitative imaging biomarkers of post-stroke structural connectome disruption were used to predict six-month outcomes in various domains. Demographic information and clinical MRIs were collected from 40 ischemic stroke subjects (age: 68.1 ± 13.2 years, 17 female, NIHSS: 6.8 ± 5.6). Diffusion-weighted images were used to create lesion masks, which were uploaded to the Network Modification (NeMo) Tool. The NeMo Tool, using only clinical MRIs, allows estimation of connectome disruption at three levels: whole brain, individual gray matter regions and between pairs of gray matter regions. Partial Least Squares Regression models were constructed for each level of connectome disruption and for each of the three six-month outcomes: applied cognitive, basic mobility and daily activity. Models based on lesion volume were created for comparison. Cross-validation, bootstrapping and multiple comparisons corrections were implemented to minimize over-fitting and Type I errors. The regional disconnection model best predicted applied cognitive (R(2) = 0.56) and basic mobility outcomes (R(2) = 0.70), while the pairwise disconnection model best predicted the daily activity measure (R(2) = 0.72). These results demonstrate that models based on connectome disruption metrics were more accurate than ones based on lesion volume and that increasing anatomical specificity of disconnection metrics does not always increase model accuracy, likely due to statistical adjustments for concomitant increases in data dimensionality. This work establishes that the NeMo Tool's measures of baseline connectome disruption, acquired using only routinely collected MRI scans, can predict 6-month post-stroke outcomes in various functional domains including cognition, motor function and daily activities. Hum Brain Mapp, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental Study of Enhanced Steam Generation Through Electrolysis in Glow Discharge Mode

Electric discharges through liquids initiate various chemical and physical processes which can be utilized in efficient treatment of waste water and generation of steam. In the present paper, generation of heat in an electrolytic cell operating in glow discharge mode has been studied. It is observed that glow discharge mode constitutes an efficient process for steam generation.The electric current between the electrodes reduces dramatically in the glow discharge mode and the voltage between the electrodes increases to open circuit voltage. The decrease in current can be explained by decrease in overall electrical conductivity of the system with the formation of a vapor film around the cathode. This vapor film is partially ionized because of the presence of locally high electric field near the cathode. It is this ionization process that results in a visible glow around the cathode and an increased rate of volumetric heat generation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Influence of Teamwork Behaviors on Workplace Incivility as it Applies to Nurses

Workplace incivility, or bullying, experienced by nurses has been shown to have negative consequences on nurses and the care they provide patients. Nurses’ roles are being challenged in the healthcare environment because of incivility in the workplace. These negative outcomes exist despite the support provided by teams on which these nurses work. This literature review is focused on the prevalence and effect of nurse bullying (nurseon- nurse, as well as physician-on-nurse) and the influence of such incivility on healthcare teamwork. Specific attention is given to three important team behaviors: leadership, trust, and communication.
In vivo production of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 in rabbit colitis. Relationship to inflammation.

Abstract Leukotriene B 4 , a proinflammatory compound, recently has been identified as the major metabolite of arachidonic acid in tissue incubations of human and animal colitis. To determine the relationship of inflammation to the in vivo production of leukotrienes, rabbit colitis was induced by formalin enema followed by intravenous infusion of immune complexes, and serial samples were collected by rectal dialysis. Leukotrienes B 4 and C 4 were measured by radioimmunoassay after high-pressure liquid chromatography. Prostaglandin E 2 was assayed after Sephadex chromatography. Leukotrienes were not detected in control animals. Eicosanoid production progressively increased during development of inflammation and correlated with severity of inflammatory cell infiltration (p 2 but did not significantly reduce leukotrienes or inflammation. These data demonstrate that in vivo production of leukotrienes B 4 and C 4 correlates with indices of inflammation, consistent with the concept that these eicosanoids contribute to the inflammation of colitis.
The NSTX-U Digital Coil Protection System Autotester

Included in the Upgrade to NSTX at Princeton University's Plasma Physics Laboratory, is the development of a Digital Coil Protection System (DCPS). This real-time system is the primary protection for the machine coils and structure of the NSTX-U vessel. A requirement for a means to thoroughly test the DCPS birthed the Digital Coil Protection System Autotester (AT). From its inception in May of 2013, the purpose of the DCPS Autotester system was to provide the user a means by which to send a pre-configured set of waveforms to the DCPS for the purpose of testing the functionality of the system. The output data stream consists of 64 analog outputs and 32 digital outputs at a rate of 5k samples per second. The AT monitors 32 digital inputs coming back from the real-time system. It logs all data sent to the system and the outputs from the system during each test cycle. The AT application, written using National Instruments LabVIEW 2013, can be run stand-alone or synchronized with the central NSTX-U Facility Clock (cycle). The AT also provides a continuous sample clock, which is required by the real-time system, whether or not the Autotester software is running. Although the Autotester was developed for the single purpose of certifying the DCPS system, it has grown in purpose. Recently, it has been used to test and validate the NSTX-U Power Supply Real Time Control system. Plans call for using it to verify new systems such as the Plasma Current Calculator and Permissive Generator which are relevant to Day 1 NSTX-U operations.
Late hemorrhage after transcervical division of a uterine septum: a report of two cases

The transcervical division of uterine septa is usually described as a simple procedure associated with minimal morbidity. Two cases are presented describing late hemorrhage after this procedure. Approaches to avoiding this complication as well as management principles are described.
Regulation of lipid metabolism by sphingolipids

Sphingolipids, together with phospholipids and cholesterol are key components of membrane lipid bilayers, contribute to specialized membrane domains called rafts and function as signaling molecules. Sphingolipids have been recognized to exert a distinct role in the post-transcriptional regulation of the sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), key transcription factors of lipid synthesis. Sphingolipid synthesis is an obligate activator of SREBP. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis decreases SREBP on a post-transcriptional level. With the exception of enzymes that synthesize sphingolipids, SREBPs regulate the transcription of key enzymes that synthesize cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids. This observation suggests an exclusive role for sphingolipids in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Although exact mechanisms how sphingolipids regulate lipid metabolism are currently not known, this relationship has important implications with regard to cellular lipid homeostasis, composition of lipoproteins and development of atherosclerosis.
Online Consumption Community Membership: The Role of Sense of Community and Social Identity

Technological and societal changes have culminated in substantial shifts in the ways in which people interact in the business world and socially. These shifts are embodied in the emergence of online consumption communities – internet-based social groups inexorably linked to consumption behaviors. As social media grow in number and popularity, so does the individual’s opportunity to join these communities. Guided by prior research, this work uses a grounded theory approach to develop an understanding of the decision to join such groups. The result is the proposal of a general model of online consumption community membership motives, participation, and benefits. In addition, the text focuses on the interplay between community membership and the individual’s sense of community and social identity.
1 Thwarted Desire

This chapter analyzes Younghill Kang’s novels The Grass Roof and East Goes West. Sorensen shows that the protagonist Chungpa Han’s search for a community and an artistic voice is a quest constrained by modernity. Whether contending with his Japanese colonial instructors over the proper translation of classical Chinese poetry, filtering his experience through the works of English and American poets of earlier periods, or encountering a modernist representation of exile in “The Waste Land,” Han’s access to the literary is always interrupted by state power. Barred access to political or cultural agency, Han and his fellow Korean exiles pursue relationships with white American women. Sorensen reads the failure of these relationships as a structure of feeling that represents the condition of exile.
Surficial geology of the Saybrook 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Mclean County, Illinois, USA

ABSTRACTThis project involved the construction of a surficial (Quaternary) geologic map of part of McLean County, Illinois. The Saybrook 7.5-minute Quadrangle (scale 1:24,000) was the focus area. The quadrangle largely covers rural agricultural land, but also contains the small town of Saybrook. Multiple, major episodes of glaciation over the past 1,200,000 years have controlled the regional geologic history. The most recent (Wisconsin Episode) glaciation almost exclusively shaped the observed surficial geologic and geomorphic features in the quadrangle. Field observations, USDA soil survey data, private water well data, sparse stratigraphic borehole information, and LIDAR elevation data were used to construct the map. Computational methodologies included ACD Systems Canvas™ and Adobe Acrobat™ software. The surficial geologic map includes four lithostratigraphic units. In stratigraphic order (from oldest to youngest) are the Delavan Member, Tiskilwa Formation, Batestown Member, Lemont Formation, Henry For...
Factors associated with multiple recurrences of nonspecific orbital inflammation aka orbital pseudotumor.

To assess clinical characteristics of patients at risk for recurrent nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI). This was a retrospective comparison study with a 24-month follow-up, in a clinic-based population in rural India. The medical records at two eye care centers were searched from March 2001–2014. A total of 153 patients with recurrent NSOI, 107 of whom had a single recurrence (Group 1) and 46 of whom had multiple recurrences (Group 2). Clinical and demographic data were compared between both groups. Comparisons of mean values were done with multiple 2-tailed independent T tests, and differences in proportions were compared using Chi-squared tests. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine which factors were predictive of patients having multiple recurrences. Several factors were independently related to multiple recurrences (P < 0.05 for all): age ≤16 years (2.5 OR, 95% CI 1.3–3.6), bilateral disease (3.2 OR 95% CI 1.4–5.1), presence of optic disc edema or T-sign on B-scan ultrasonography (3.9 OR 95% CI 1.8–6.2), sclerosing variant (8.5 OR 95% CI 5.4–11.3), corticosteroid taper <4 weeks long (2.8 OR 95% CI 1.1–4.2), autoimmune disease among 1st degree relatives (2.2 OR 95% CI 1.2–3.3). In patients with recurrent disease, the interval between the initial episode and the first recurrence was predictive of further recurrences: ≤3 months (3.2 OR, 95% CI 2.0–4.5) and ≥12 months (0.21 OR, 95% CI 0.01–0.39). Younger patients and those with bilateral disease are more apt to have recurrences of NSOI. Other factors that increase the risk of multiple recurrences include a T-sign, optic disc edema, poor initial response to steroids, a sclerosing variant, a recurrence within 3 months, and those who underwent a rapid steroid taper.
Multi-stage Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease with Incomplete Multimodal Data via Multi-task Deep Learning

Utilization of biomedical data from multiple modalities improves the diagnostic accuracy of neurodegenerative diseases. However, multi-modality data are often incomplete because not all data can be collected for every individual. When using such incomplete data for diagnosis, current approaches for addressing the problem of missing data, such as imputation, matrix completion and multi-task learning, implicitly assume linear data-to-label relationship, therefore limiting their performances. We thus propose multi-task deep learning for incomplete data, where prediction tasks that are associated with different modality combinations are learnt jointly to improve the performance of each task. Specifically, we devise a multi-input multi-output deep learning framework, and train our deep network subnet-wise, partially updating its weights based on the availability of modality data. The experimental results using the ADNI dataset show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
An MILP framework for optimizing demand response operation of air separation units

Abstract Peaks in renewable electricity generation and consumer demand are desynchronized in time, posing a challenge for grid operators. Industrial demand response (DR) has emerged as a candidate for mitigating this variability. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of DR to an air separation unit (ASU). We develop a novel optimal production scheduling framework that accounts for day-ahead electricity prices to modulate the grid load presented by the plant. We account for the dynamics of the plant using a novel dynamic modeling strategy, which allows us to formulate the corresponding optimization problem as a mixed integer linear program (MILP). Further, we present a new relaxation scheme that affords fast solutions of this MILP. Extensive simulation results show significant reductions in operating costs (that benefit the plant) and reductions in peak power demand (that benefit the grid).
Comparison of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Iontophoretic Dopamine on Neurons of the Nigro-Neostriatal Pathway

The dense neuropil of the caudate nucleus is notable for its content of neurohumoral substances thought to be important in synaptic transmission. High concentrations of acetylcholine (MacIntosh 1941) and the enzymes required for its synthesis (Feldberg and Vogt 1948; Hebb and Silver 1956) and catabolism (Burgen and Chipman 1951) are found in this structure. The unusually large concentration of dopamine in the caudate and other basal ganglia prompted the initial suggestion that dopamine may have a physiologic function other than as a precursor for norepinephrine in some brain areas (Carlsson, Lindqvist, and Magnusson 1957). In addition, there are also relatively large concentrations of serotonin (Bogdanski, Weissbach, and Udenfriend 1957) and gamma-amino butyric acid (Baxter and Roberts 1960), and lower levels of norepinephrine (Vogt 1954) and histamine (McGeer 1964).
Overfishing of Bluefin Tuna: Incentivizing Inclusive Solutions

This article explores the depletion of Bluefin Tuna from an international law perspective, in order to analyze how international organizations might better manage and redistribute scarce resources. It assesses regime interplay, linkages, and new developments in the law of international organizations, to argue that coastal nations and distant water fishing nations should be strategically linking issues to reduce overfishing, and moreover, that Regional Fisheries Management Organizations should (and in some cases must, as a matter of law) improve their internal governance. The article argues that financial incentives to encourage a lower catch will ultimately lead to a more equitable and efficient system.
Finding Nearest Neighbors in graphs locally.

Many distributed learning techniques have been motivated by the increasing size of datasets and their inability to fit into main memory on a single machine. We propose an algorithm that finds the nearest neighbor in a graph locally without the need of visiting the whole graph. Our algorithm is distributed which further encourage scalability. We prove the convergence of the algorithm
Lesbian and Queer Sustainable Farmer Networks in the Midwest

Heteropatriarchy underpins contemporary U.S. agriculture, even within the alternative sector. This paper builds on the legacies of women farmers and farmers of color creating peer networks to circu...
Space Technology Drivers of Change

This chapter will analyze the most important emerging, new, and disruptive technologies that have already, or shortly will, make an impact in the arena of space, as well as here on Earth. Major innovations such as artificial intelligence, additive manufacturing and GNSS are included, along with less known and less understood emerging concepts such as edge computing and cubesats.
Dishabituation of Operant Responding in Preschool-Aged Children

In applied settings, reinforcer satiation and the resulting response decrements may negatively affect otherwise effective treatments and can be difficult to avoid for some learners; previous research has suggested that a more precise explanation for these decrements may involve habituation to the sensory properties of repeatedly presented reinforcers, a process that carries with it different implications that may be useful in practice. One such implication is that habituated responding can undergo dishabituation, a recovery of habituated responding, following a brief stimulus change. The current study examined the effects of a dishabituation procedure on the operant responding of three children, all within the age range of children who typically receive early intensive behavioral intervention services. The participants engaged in an operant task in which they placed various task stimuli (e.g., pieces of foam, blocks, or poker chips) into a container in exchange for a small edible item or access to a toy. In each condition, once responding decreased to a predetermined level, the reinforcer (i.e., an edible) or an antecedent variable (i.e., the research assistant facilitating the task or the task stimulus) was changed for 2 min and then returned for an additional 2 min, whereas all other stimuli remained the same. Results indicated dishabituation patterns were observed in eight out of nine experimental conditions compared to control (no change) conditions in which responding did not recover, suggesting dishabituation procedures may provide options for at least temporarily reinstating the effectiveness of reinforcers.
Selective repression of the Drosophila cyclin B promoter by retinoblastoma and E2F proteins.

Abstract The Cyclin B1 gene encodes a G2/M cyclin that is deregulated in various human cancers, however, the transcriptional regulation of this gene is incompletely understood. The E2F and retinoblastoma family of proteins are involved in this gene's regulation, but there is disagreement on which of the E2F and retinoblastoma proteins interact with the promoter to regulate this gene. Here, we dissect the promoter region of the Drosophila CycB gene, and study the role of Rbf and E2F factors in its regulation. This gene exhibits remarkable features that distinguish it from G1/S regulated promoters, such as PCNA. The promoter is comprised of modular elements with dedicated repressor and activator functions, including a segment spanning the first intron that interferes with a 5′ activator element. A highly active minimal promoter (−464, +100) is repressed by the Rbf1 retinoblastoma protein, but much more potently repressed by the Rbf2 protein, which has been linked in other studies to control of cell growth genes. Unlike many other cell-cycle genes, which are activated by E2F1 and repressed by E2F2, CycB is potently activated by E2F2, and repressed by E2F1. Although the bulk of Rbf binding is associated with a region 5′ of the core promoter, E2F and retinoblastoma proteins functionally interact with the basal promoter region, in part through a conserved E2F site at −80 bp. The specific regulatory requirements of this late cell cycle promoter appear to be linked to the unique activities of E2F and retinoblastoma family members acting on a complex cis-regulatory circuit.
Gender Conformity and Suicide: A Case Study Integrating Structural Family Therapy and Satir Experiential Therapy

Recent studies have shown that suicidality among transgender youth are 3.6 times more likely to report suicidal ideation and 3.2 times more likely to attempt suicide compared with cisgender youth. ...
A Computer Controlled Irradiation System for the University of Missouri Research Reactor

A computer controlled irradiation monitoring system has been designed and is being installed at the University of Missouri Research Reactor. The system utilizes rhodium wire self-powered neutron detectors and a multiplexed data input system with BIC current integrators to monitor the specimen flux. A PDP 11/03 computer is used to maintain a memory image of the current status of all the in-pool specimens and to alert the reactor operators to required specimen handling procedures. The PDP 11/03 computer is in periodic communication with a PDP 11/40 which maintains in its disk files a record of previous irradiations and the schedule for future irradiations. Separate programs which are run on the PDP 11/40 provide for specimen logging, calculation of irradiation parameters, scheduling of irradiations and continuous recalibration of the detectors.
Non-GAAP Reporting following Debt Covenant Violations

We investigate whether firms change their non-GAAP reporting practices after debt covenant violations. We find that the likelihood that a firm will disclose non-GAAP earnings decreases and (for those that continue to disclose) the quality of non-GAAP reporting improves following covenant violations, consistent with stronger shareholder monitoring during this period of scrutiny. Consistent with increased monitoring following a debt covenant violation, cross-sectional analyses indicate that these changes in non-GAAP reporting are concentrated among firms with strong governance. Moreover, we find that investor demand for disclosure (proxied by analyst-provided non-GAAP performance metrics and EDGAR search volume) increases following a covenant violation. Collectively, our evidence is consistent with heightened investor scrutiny following covenant violations, and it casts doubt on the competing explanation that shareholders delegate monitoring to creditors following a covenant violation. Overall, our evidence provides new insights on the determinants of firms’ non-GAAP reporting practices and an alternative view about how debt covenant violations influence voluntary disclosure.
Influence of Pyrethroid Resistance on Vector Competency for Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

The vector competence of mosquitoes for pathogens has been shown to be influenced by the status of insecticide resistance in the mosquito population. However, to date, only two studies has explored the impact of insecticide resistance on arbovirus transmission. The global and widespread use of pyrethroids has led to the development of insecticide resistance in many mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), the primary vector of Zika virus. Strains of Ae. aegypti that were genetically similar, but responded differently to pyrethroid exposure, were developed using backcrossing techniques. These populations were orally infected with Zika virus and susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection, and transmission potential were evaluated. Analyses revealed differences in susceptibility to infection and disseminated infection between the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant strains of Ae. aegypti during the infection period. Here, we identify an additional challenge to that of widespread pyrethroid resistance. Specifically, resistance is associated with altered phenotypic traits that influence susceptibility to arbovirus infection and progression of infection in the mosquito, factors which ultimately influence risk of arbovirus transmission. These findings support the need to 1) consider insecticide resistance status during times of arbovirus transmission and 2) to implement insecticide resistance management/ mitigation strategies in vector control programs.
Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Older Adults in India.

Objectives: Current tobacco use (CTU) and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among older adults in India (≥60 years) are prevalent in India and indicate the importance of addressing associated factors...
Is the recent surge in violence in American cities due to contagion

Abstract Firearm violence rates have increased in U.S. cities in 2020 and into 2021. We investigate contagious and non-contagious space-time clustering in shooting events in four U.S. cities (Chicago, Los Angeles, New York and Philadelphia) from 2016 to 2020. We estimate the dynamic reproduction number (Rt) of shootings, a measure of contagion, using a Hawkes point process. We also measure concentration over time using a spatial Gini index. We find that the contagious spread of violence increased in 2020 in several, but not all, of the cities we considered. In all four cities, non-contagious (Poisson) events comprised the majority of shootings across time (including 2020). We also find that the spatial location and concentration of shooting hot spots remained stable across all years. We discuss the implications of our findings and directions for future research.
Astrophysics: Mystery survivor of a supermassive black hole.

The G2 cloud in our Galaxy's core has survived an encounter with the central black hole and failed to trigger a major flare-up in the black hole's activity. A promising theory endeavours to explain the cloud's nature.
Frequency and severity of HCV infection following orthotopic liver transplantation. Effect of donor and recipient serology for HCV using a second generation ELISA test.

HCV is the principal etiologic agent of post-transfusion (PTH) hepatitis. The incidence and course of HCV hepatitis in liver transplant recipients is not well established. To resolve this information deficit, all records of recipients of single liver transplant (OLTx) between March 1986 and March 1990 at the University of Pittsburgh in whom both the donor and recipients' pre-OLTx sera were available ( n = 516) were reviewed. All sera were assayed for HCV antibody using a second generation ELISA method developed by Abbott Laboratories. On the basis of the anti-HCV status of the donor and recipient pre-OLTx sera, four groups could be classified: group I (donor-, recipient-) n = 375; group II (donor-, recipient+) n = 111; group III (donor+, recipient-) n = 25; and group IV (donor+, recipient+) n = 5. Post OLTx liver biopsies were obtained for a clinical indication in 473 of these 516 patients. The prevalence of anti-HCV among recipients pre-OLTx was 22.5% (116/516) which is three times greater than the 5.8% (30/516) prevalence in the donors. Histologic hepatitis not ascribable to any cause other than HCV occurred in 76/516 (15%) recipients: 42 in group I; 28 in group II; 6 in group III and none in group IV. The overall risk of HCV hepatitis at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-OLTx was 4.8% (25/516), 7.6% (39/516) and 10.1% (52/516), respectively. At each of these time intervals, no significant difference between groups for the prevalence of HCV hepatitis was evident. Twenty-one of the 76 recipients (28%) with histologic HCV hepatitis developed CAH, of which 9 were in group I, 11 in group II and 1 in group III. Two of 9 patients in group I developed cirrhosis. The 2-year graft survival and patient survival rates for each group ranged from 60 to 80% and 60 to 100%, respectively, with the poorest results in group III and the best results paradoxically in group IV. These data demonstrate that: (i) the overall rate of developing HCV hepatitis post OLTx is 15%, ranging from 0 to 25% in groups I to IV (ii) progression to CAH and cirrhosis can occur in HCV infected allografts at 2–5 years but is infrequent and (iii) presence of antibody to HCV pre-OLTx in either the donor or the recipient does not appear to place the recipient at an excessive risk for the development of HCV hepatitis.
Recursive Identification of Dynamic Systems with Time-Varying Memoryless Nonlinearities having Deadbands

An algorithm has been developed for the recursive identification of nonlinear systems from input and output measurement data. The systems are modelled by a memoryless nonlinearity which includes deadband behavior, in cascade with a discrete-time deterministic autoregressive moving average (DARMA) model. Both the nonlinearity and the DARMA model parameters may be time varying. The basic idea is to represent the nonlinearity as a shifted polynomial, where the shift (along the input axis) models the deadband. The parameters of the systems dynamics and the coefficients of the polynomial nonlinearity are adjusted to minimize a mean square error criterion. Digital computer simulations are included to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique.
Multiple source localization with moving co-prime arrays

In this paper, we explore the use of temporal signal coherence to increase the degrees of freedom in a non-uniform under-sampled linear moving array. In particular, we develop bounds on the minimum Temporal-Coherence-Period (TCP) required to synthetically fill-in missing inter-element sensors in a moving array system. In addition, we show how an existing technique that exploits properties of the sensor co-array can be used to overcome positive-definite deficiency in the spatial covariance matrix estimate derived from the synthetic sensor array. This type of synthetic aperture processing facilitates the localization of a number of far-field sources on the order of the number of half-wavelength sensor spacings over the array aperture, rather than on the number of sensors present in the sparse array.
Genetic Recombination in Bacteriophage φX174

Abstract Genetic recombination in bacteriophage X174 usually takes place early in the infection process and involves two parental replicative form (double-stranded) DNA molecules. The host recA protein is required; none of the nine known X174 cistron products is essential. The products of a single recombination event are nonreciprocal and asymmetric. Typically, only one of the parental genotypes and one recombinant genotype are recovered from a single cell. An alternative, less efficient recombination mechanism which requires an active X174 cistron A protein is observed in the absence of the host recA gene product.
The importance of contact eczema in children.

In 200 consecutive cases of eczema in children from the age of 7 weeks to 14 years, 53 were thought to be caused by outside contact with allergenic or irritating material. The cause was determined in 31 cases, the probable cause in 18, and in 4 it was entirely unknown. The cause was thought to be due to something connected with the clothes (including diapers and shoes) in 40 cases (74%). Contact eczema, as seen in young children, differs from contact eczema in adults in that: it is more likely to be due to the clothes than to anything else, a high degree of sensitization with resulting vesiculation (although it can occur) is not so common as in adults, and primary irritants of relatively low irritating power are more likely to be causes than they are in adults. Too many children are dieted for eczema when the cause is really something which contacts the skin from the outside.
A haunt of fears: the strange history of the British horror comics campaign (studies in popular culture series), by Martin Barker

Mixing history, cultural studies and textual analysis, Barker's work stands as an excellent contribution to comic studies; even more so considering it was published in 1992. The book follows three ...
Factors associated with radial nerve palsy after operative treatment of diaphyseal humeral shaft fractures

Background The radial nerve is at risk after diaphyseal humeral fracture or surgery to repair the fracture. We hypothesized that there are no factors associated with iatrogenic radial nerve palsy and, secondarily, that there are no factors associated with traumatic radial nerve palsy or radial nerve palsy of any type. Methods We analyzed 325 adult patients who underwent operative treatment of a diaphyseal humerus fracture at 6 hospitals between January 2002 and November 2014 to determine factors associated with a radial nerve palsy. We excluded patients with pathologic fractures, fractures with massive bone loss, prior surgery in another hospital, periprosthetic fractures, and if no operative note was available. Results In patients without a traumatic radial nerve palsy, an iatrogenic radial nerve palsy occurred in 18 of 259 diaphyseal humeral fractures (7%). The surgical approach was associated with iatrogenic radial nerve palsy ( P = .034). No factors were associated with traumatic radial nerve palsy (66 of 325 patients [20%]) of the humeral diaphysis. Open fractures, location of fracture, and high-energy trauma were significantly associated with radial nerve palsy of any type (84 of 325 patients [26%]). Conclusions Patients and surgeons should keep in mind that iatrogenic transient dysfunction of the radial nerve will occur in approximately 1 in 5 patients treated with lateral exposure of the humerus, in 1 in 9 patients treated with posterior exposure, and in 1 in 25 patients with an anterolateral exposure.
A Survey of Texas HIV, Sexually Transmitted Disease, Tuberculosis, and Viral Hepatitis Providers’ Billing and Reimbursement Capabilities

The Affordable Care Act presents financial challenges and opportunities for publicly funded service providers. We assessed billing practices and anticipated barriers to third-party billing among organizations in Texas that provide publicly funded HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis services. One third to one half of the organizations did not bill for medical services. The most common barrier to third-party billing was lack of staff knowledge about billing and coding. Future research must evaluate options for organizations and communities to maintain access to infectious disease services for vulnerable populations.
Strategies for registering range images from unknown camera positions

We describe a project to construct a 3D numerical model of Michelangelo's Florentine Pieta to be used in a study of the sculpture. Here we focus on the registration of the range images used to construct the model. The major challenge was the range of length scales involved. A resolution of 1 mm or less required for the 2.25 m tall piece. To achieve this resolution, we could only acquire an area of 20 by 20 cm per scan. A total of approximately 700 images were required. Ideally, a tracker would be attached to the scanner to record position and pose. The use of a tracker was not possible in the field. Instead, we used a crude-to-fine approach to registering the meshes to one another. The crudest level consisted of pairwise manual registration, aided by texture maps containing laser dots that were projected onto the sculpture. This crude alignment was refined by an automatic registration of laser dot centers. In this phase, we found that consistency constraints on dot matches were essential to obtaining accurate results. The laser dot alignment was refined by an automatic registration of laser dot centers. In this phase, we found that consistency constraints on dot matches were essential to obtaining accurate results. The laser dot alignment was further refined using a variation of the ICP algorithm developed by Besl and McKay. In the application of ICP to global registration, we developed a method to avoid one class of local minima by finding a set of points, rather than the single point, that matches each candidate point.
Osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells by various intensities of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound

Bone growth and repair are under the control of biochemical and mechanical signals. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation at 30mW/cm(2) is an established, widely used and FDA approved intervention for accelerating bone healing in fractures and non-unions. Although this LIPUS signal accelerates mineralization and bone regeneration, the actual intensity experienced by the cells at the target site might be lower, due to the possible attenuation caused by the overlying soft tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LIPUS intensities below 30mW/cm(2) are able to provoke phenotypic responses in bone cells. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were cultured under defined conditions and the effect of 2, 15, 30mW/cm(2) and sham treatments were studied at early (cell activation), middle (differentiation into osteogenic cells) and late (biological mineralization) stages of osteogenic differentiation. We observed that not only 30mW/cm(2) but also 2 and 15mW/cm(2), modulated ERK1/2 and p38 intracellular signaling pathways as compared to the sham treatment. After 5 days with daily treatments of 2, 15 and 30mW/cm(2), alkaline phosphatase activity, an early indicator of osteoblast differentiation, increased by 79%, 147% and 209%, respectively, compared to sham, indicating that various intensities of LIPUS were able to initiate osteogenic differentiation. While all LIPUS treatments showed higher mineralization, interestingly, the highest increase of 225% was observed in cells treated with 2mW/cm(2). As the intensity increased to 15 and 30mW/cm(2), the increase in the level of mineralization dropped to 120% and 82%. Our data show that LIPUS intensities lower than the current clinical standard have a positive effect on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. Although Exogen™ at 30mW/cm(2) continues to be effective and should be used as a clinical therapy for fracture healing, if confirmed in vivo, the increased mineralization at lower intensities might be the first step towards redefining the most effective LIPUS intensity for clinical use.
Moral judgment, action, and development

The major emphasis of Kohlberg's research was on moral judgments, but moral action was an essential component of his research and theory.
An Alternative Analysis of the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard for Las Vegas Valley, Nevada

Abstract Probabilistic seismic‐hazard calculations relevant for rock‐site conditions in the Las Vegas Valley (LVV), Nevada, have been computed. These account for seismic sources not included in the current (2008) U.S. Geological Survey national seismic‐hazard model (NSHM) due to insufficient knowledge or documentation, using the commercial software package EZ‐FRISK. The LVV is underlain by a system of mapped, active normal faults that comprise the LVV fault system (LVVFS), with maximum potential earthquakes of M 6.8. The 2008 NSHM explicitly includes only one fault of the LVVFS. This analysis includes four more faults of the LVVFS plus four regional faults, in addition to those included in the 2008 NSHM, and modifies parameters of two others. As such, this study demonstrates the effect of a significant modification to expectations for seismic sources. These results can be considered as a “what if” scenario for seismic hazard of the LVV. Nominal peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 5% damped spectral acceleration (SA) were calculated for 0.2 s and 1.0 s periods using five ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs). A logic‐tree formulation accounted for uncertainty in the GMPEs and source parameters. Hazard values for PGA and SA, computed at ∼2.8 km spacing, are comparable with those of the 2008 NSHM on the margins of the LVV but are considerably higher in the north‐central parts of the LVV near downtown Las Vegas and the city of North Las Vegas. The study provides a rationale for the urgency to intensify investigations of faults in and around the LVV.
Matrix Photolysis of Fe(allyl)(CO)3Br. Evidence for an Unexpected Alternative Mechanism for Allyl Rotation

Matrix photolysis of a mixture of endo- and exo-Fe(η3-C3H5)(CO)3Br yields the C1-mer isomer at visible wavelengths and CO-loss species with UV photolysis. It is proposed that the C1-mer isomer aris...
Cryptochromes: sensory reception, transduction, and clock functions subserving circadian systems.

Abstract Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue-light-absorbing proteins involved in a variety of biological phenomena. In animals, CRYs exhibit a certain versatility with regard to these organisms’ circadian rhythms, as has been revealed by the effects of mutations and molecular manipulations. The rhythm system of Drosophila uses one gene’s worth of CRY protein to transmit light into a circadian clock within the brain, which controls the fly’s sleep–wake cycles. In fact, the relevant pacemaking neurons are themselves circadian photoreceptive structures. In peripheral tissues and others located posterior to the brain, Drosophila CRY may be a photoreceptive molecule and also part of the pacemaker mechanism. Mice have two CRY-encoding genes. They are expressed in many tissues, including the retina and a clock structure within the brain. In the former location, mouse CRY may play a circadian-photoreceptive role, along with that mediated by rhodopsins found elsewhere in the retina. In the latter tissue, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, mouse CRYs are closely connected to the multi-molecule murine clock mechanism.