cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Gravity Environments on DNA Fragmentation and Cell Death in Kalanchoë Leaves

DiAerent gravity environments have been shown to significantly aAect leaf-plantlet formation and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoedaigremontiana Ham. and Perr. In the present work, we investigated the eAect of gravity at tissue and cell levels. Leaves and leaf-plantlets were cultured for diAerent periods of time (min to 15 d) in diAerent levels of gravity stimulation: simulated hypogravity (1 rpm clinostats; 2 10 ˇ4 g), 1 g (control) and hypergravity (centrifugation; 20 and 150 g). Both simulated hypogravity and hypergravity aAected cell death (apoptosis) in this species, and variations in the number of cells showing DNA fragmentation directly correlated with nitric oxide (NO) formation. Apoptosis in leaves was more common as gravity increased. Apoptotic cells were localized in the epidermis, mainly guard cells, in leaf parenchyma, and in tracheary elements undergoing terminal diAerentiation. Exposures to acute hypergravity (up to 60 min) showed that chloroplast DNA fragmentation occurred prior to nuclear DNA fragmentation, marginalization of chromatin, nuclear condensation, and nuclear blebbing. Addition of sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) mimicked centrifugation. NO and DNA fragmentation decreased with N G -monomethyl-L- arginine (NO-synthase inhibitor). The variations in NO levels, nucleoid DNA fragmentation, and cell death show how chloroplasts, cells and leaves may respond (and adapt) to gravity changes. # 2000 Annals of Botany Company
Morphologic and hemodynamic risk factors in ruptured aneurysms imaged before and after rupture.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Due to limited information about aneurysm natural history, choosing the appropriate management strategy for an unruptured aneurysm is challenging. By comparing unruptured and ruptured cases, studies have identified a variety of aneurysm morphologic and hemodynamic properties as risk factors for rupture. In this study, we investigated changes in 4 ruptured aneurysms before and after rupture and tested whether previously published risk factors identified a risk before rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of ruptured aneurysms based on the inclusion criteria of documenting angiographic images before and after rupture was performed. Such cases are extremely rare. To minimize hemodynamic influence due to location, we selected 4 cases at the posterior communicating artery. 3D morphologic and hemodynamic analyses were applied to examine qualitative and quantitative risk factors in aneurysms before and after rupture. RESULTS: When we compared aneurysms before and after rupture, all increased in size. Volume, surface area, and morphology changed in both high and low wall shear stress areas. Aneurysm surface ratio, nonsphericity index, and pulsatility index were the only risk factors to consistently identify risk before and after aneurysm rupture for all aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: Although changes in shape and flow properties were found before and after aneurysm rupture, in this small study, we found that some risk factors were evident as early as 2 years before rupture.
SiGe digital frequency dividers with reduced residual phase noise

A new design methodology for achieving very low residual phase noise in SiGe HBT digital frequency dividers is presented. A modified CML D latch design is proposed that enables the latch to draw more current, thereby reducing the residual phase noise. The latch modification yields a 10 dB phase noise improvement over a standard D latch topology, with measurements at 10 GHz resulting in a phase noise floor of - 160 dBc/Hz. The circuit dissipates 350 mW of DC power, but a standard phase noise figure-of-merit that accounts for phase noise, DC power dissipation, and operating frequency, reveals that this new design is among the best in its class.
Low maintenance verification

The verification of modern computing systems has grown to dominate the cost of system design, often with limited success, as designs continue to be released with latent bugs. This trend is accelerated by the advent of highly integrated system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs, which feature multiple complex subcomponents connected by simultaneously active interfaces. To cope with this challenge, logic simulation techniques are predominant in the industry, however, the coverage of the tests generated is usually low, with the result that even months of simulation provide little confidence in the correctness of the design. Additionally, these traditional techniques require a lot of effort from the engineering team to direct the verification activity towards specific design areas of critical quality. Nonetheless, they have such high inertia in existing development processes that the cost to transition to alternative methodologies, such as formal techniques, is high.This talk will introduce a new generation of hybrid verification solutions, which we call "Low Maintenance Verification", where the contribution of formal techniques is transparently deployed within a simulation-based verification framework. Our use of formal techniques in this context greatly enhances the level of automation of the verification process, by generating solutions which can focus on a verification goal with minimal guidance from the engineer. We will overview some of the techniques that we developed in this space, including Guido and StressTest, two solutions that can automatically generate "interesting" verification scenarios. Our preliminary experience in the domain of low maintenance verification indicates that this family of techniques can effectively lead to high-performance, high-coverage verification solutions, by generating concise error traces with minimal demands on verification engineers and no change in the verification process.
Power quality event processing and analysis modules: Capacitors and their circuit switchers

Event processing and analysis modules for evaluating the health conditions of transmission capacitor banks, their circuit switchers used to energize and de-energize them, and the power system condition following the energization for any evidence of significant increase in the harmonic distortion level or harmonic resonance are developed and implemented. Algorithms are based on those developed over a decade. The paper demonstrates the applications and efficacy of the modules using both simulated and actual capacitor switching event data.
Light Duty Automotive Fuel Economy … Trends thru 1985

This, the thirteenth in a series of papers on trends in EPA fuel economy, covers both passenger cars and light trucks and concentrates on the current model year, 1985. It differs from previous papers in two ways: (1) Model years 1975, 1980 and 1985 are highlighted, with the model years in between these rarely discussed; and (2) The progress of the industry, as a whole, in improving fuel economy since 1975 is emphasized, and individual manufacturer data are de-emphasized. Conclusions are presented on the trends in fuel economy of the car and light truck fleets; the Domestic, European and Japanese market sectors; and various vehicle classes.
THE PLANTARIS MUSCLE

The plantaris muscle and tendon may be regarded as the vestigial remains of a primitive flexor muscle of the toes, which, originally continuous with the plantar aponeurosis, later was rendered discontinuous through intermediate attachment to the calcaneum. The plantaris muscle and its tendon are subject to considerable variation in both the points of origin and of insertion. In an examination of 150 lower extremities, the authors have encountered four types of insertion of the tendon. In 750 consecutive lower extremities examined by the present authors, the plantaris muscle was absent in fifty (6.67 per cent.). In one-third of the specimens in which the muscle was missing, the absence was bilateral. The surgical utilization of the plantaris tendon is particularly indicated as a desirable substitute for the fascia lata in hernial repair, tendon transplants, and repair of ligaments.
A generalized method for synthesizing miniaturized element band-pass frequency selective surfaces

Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) have been used extensively for a variety of millimeter and microwave applications [1]-[3]. Generally, an FSS is composed of a two-dimensional (2D), planar array of dipole or slot antennas that are printed on a dielectric substrate. Such structures act as first-order band-stop (dipole) or band-pass (slot) spatial filters. To obtain a filtering characteristic with high out-of-band rejection, FSSs with higher-order band-pass or band-stop responses are used, in a manner similar to higher-order microwave filters. Traditionally, this is achieved by stacking multiple first-order FSS panels with a spacing of a quarter wavelength apart. This, however, results in thick and bulky structures, especially at low microwave frequencies. In addressing this problem, new techniques for designing low profile higher-order band-pass FSSs have been reported recently [4]-[5]. In [4], a second-order FSS is introduced using non-resonant sub-wavelength elements. Whereas in [5], a third-order FSS is introduced using a combination of non-resonant and resonant elements. Both techniques, however, propose extremely thin FSS structure with overall thickness of 0>03 „.-An added benefit of the proposed structures is the stability of the frequency response as a function of incidence angle of the electromagnetic wave.
Weathering Performance of Plant-Fiber/Thermoplastic Composites

Abstract Natural fiber/thermoplastic composites were made using aspen fiber and polypropylene. Several different levels of aspen fiber (30 to 60% by weight) were used with and without the addition of a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, MAPP). These composites were tested for strength properties, exposed to boiling and cyclic liquid water and oven drying tests, and evaluated in an accelerated weathering test for 2000 hours. As the level of fiber increases without MAPP, flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus increases but notched and unnotched impact strength decrease as compared to pure polypropylene. The presence of MAPP has a very large positive effect on flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus as compared to composites made without MAPP. As the level of fiber increased in the composites, the rate and extent of thickness swelling and moisture sorption increased as compared to pure polypropylene. The presence of MAP...
Nonparametric decentralized detection using kernel methods

We consider the problem of decentralized detection under constraints on the number of bits that can be transmitted by each sensor. In contrast to most previous work, in which the joint distribution of sensor observations is assumed to be known, we address the problem when only a set of empirical samples is available. We propose a novel algorithm using the framework of empirical risk minimization and marginalized kernels and analyze its computational and statistical properties both theoretically and empirically. We provide an efficient implementation of the algorithm and demonstrate its performance on both simulated and real data sets.
A Framework for Risk-Informed Performance-Based Fire Protection Design for the Built Environment

Performance-based fire protection design (PBFPD) approaches have now been in use for more than 20 years. One might be tempted to conclude that the current ‘state of the art’ is working well. However, application of PBFPD remains limited, several shortcomings exist, and an increasing number of countries are moving toward ‘prescribed performance’ to address the gaps. There are many factors contributing to these problems with PBFPD. Research has been carried out in two principal problem areas: the relationship between occupants and fire safety measures in the context of holistic building performance expectations during everyday use of the building, and also the lack of specifics within current PBFPD approaches. To address these concerns, a new framework for risk-informed PBFPD has been developed, centered on the study of systems formed by specific building types and their associated occupants. This framework replaces generic guidance with a more in-depth and targeted “building-occupant” system approach. This article focuses on how a successful implementation of the new risk-informed PBFPD approach will require acceptance of the need for a paradigm shift from one in which fire is the center of the problem to one in which building performance metrics are evaluated in case of fire events. This article also details the different steps of the new PBFPD process and how this process differs from the current ones, notably in separating technical steps from political steps related to decision making and policy. Finally, this article presents how the new approach is practically applied to a project, focusing on a proof of concept of the new PBFPD process.
Sirolimus-Associated Hepatotoxicity in Liver Transplantation

BACKGROUNDSirolimus is an immunosuppressant that exerts anti-rejection activity by inhibiting T-cell activity and is used to treat chronic rejection and calcineurin-related nephrotoxicity. Unlike tacrolimus and cyclosporine, it has no effect on calcineurin activity in liver transplant recipients.OBJECTIVETo report correlates of survival outcomes in a series of patients with putative sirolimus-related hepatotoxicity after liver transplant.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent a liver transplant for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and who received sirolimus immunosuppressive therapy between November 2000 and November 2003. Extracted data included sirolimus serum concentrations, frequency of sirolimus-related adverse effects, drug-related clinical hepatitis, and survival outcomes.RESULTSTen patients were found to have been treated with sirolimus for either renal insufficiency (n = 6) or chronic rejection (n = 4). Six patients had liver biopsies, while the remaining ...
Microvesicle entry into marrow cells mediates tissue-specific changes in mRNA by direct delivery of mRNA and induction of transcription

Objective Microvesicles have been shown to mediate intercellular communication. Previously, we have correlated entry of murine lung-derived microvesicles into murine bone marrow cells with expression of pulmonary epithelial cell-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) in these marrow cells. The present studies establish that entry of lung-derived microvesicles into marrow cells is a prerequisite for marrow expression of pulmonary epithelial cell-derived mRNA. Materials and Methods Murine bone marrow cells cocultured with rat lung, but separated from them using a cell-impermeable membrane (0.4-μm pore size), were analyzed using species-specific primers (for rat or mouse). Results These studies revealed that surfactant B and C mRNA produced by murine marrow cells were of both rat and mouse origin. Similar results were obtained using murine lung cocultured with rat bone marrow cells or when bone marrow cells were analyzed for the presence of species-specific albumin mRNA after coculture with rat or murine liver. These studies show that microvesicles both deliver mRNA to marrow cells and mediate marrow cell transcription of tissue-specific mRNA. The latter likely underlies the longer-term stable change in genetic phenotype that has been observed. We have also observed microRNA in lung-derived microvesicles, and studies with RNase-treated microvesicles indicate that microRNA negatively modulates pulmonary epithelial cell-specific mRNA levels in cocultured marrow cells. In addition, we have also observed tissue-specific expression of brain, heart, and liver mRNA in cocultured marrow cells, suggesting that microvesicle-mediated cellular phenotype change is a universal phenomena. Conclusion These studies suggest that cellular systems are more phenotypically labile than previously considered.
Involvement of nitric oxide synthase in matrix metalloproteinase-9- and/or urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-mediated glioma cell migration

Background Src tyrosine kinase activates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and, in turn, nitric oxide production as a means to transduce cell migration. Src tyrosine kinase plays a key proximal role to control α9β1 signaling. Our recent studies have clearly demonstrated the role of α9β1 integrin in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and/or urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-mediated glioma cell migration. In the present study, we evaluated the involvement of α9β1 integrin-iNOS pathway in MMP-9- and/or uPAR-mediated glioma cell migration.
Submersed in Social Segregation: The (Re)Production of Social Capital Through Swim Club Membership

This article examines the ways in which upper middle class families acquire, transmit, and preserve their social and cultural capitals through membership at the Pine View Swim and Tennis Club, a se...
Cellular Electrode for Antitumor Drug Screening

Mouse leukemia L1210, a well established tumor model, can be immobilized near the surface of a dissolved O(2) probe and its O(2) uptake can be monitored continuously following the addition of various chemicals such as Mechlorethamine HCl, an antitumor agent. The output current of the O(2) electrode changed as a function of time under various experimental conditions. The dynamic response of the electrochemical sensor was determined as a function of antitumor agent concentration. A preliminary kinetic model was developed to describe the biosensor behavior.
Distribution of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes in US Adults Aged ≥50 Years With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a substantial proportion of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) in the United States. Limited data are available regarding the pneumococcal serotypes causing CAP and HCAP. Methods. Adults aged ≥50 years presenting to participating US hospitals with radiographically confirmed pneumonia between February 2010 and September 2011 were screened for inclusion. S. pneumoniae was identified using microbiological cultures, BinaxNOW® S. pneumoniae assay, or urine antigen detection (UAD) assay capable of detecting 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)–associated serotypes. Results. Among 710 subjects enrolled, the median age was 65.4 years; 54.2% of subjects were male, 22.4% of radiographically confirmed pneumonia cases were considered HCAP, and 96.6% of subjects were hospitalized. S. pneumoniae was detected in 98 subjects (13.8%) by any test, and PCV13-associated serotype(s) were identified by UAD in 78 (11.0%). Serotype 19A was most prevalent, followed by 7F/A, 3, and 5. Serotypes associated with 7valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) accounted for 25% of UAD-positive isolates. Conclusions. Pneumococcal serotypes causing noninvasive pneumonia in adults may differ significantly from those causing invasive disease, with PCV7-associated serotypes overrepresented. Serotype 5, rarely seen in contemporary surveillance of invasive disease in the United States, substantially contributed to the observed cases of S. pneumoniae–positive CAP or HCAP.
Effects of the Class III Antiarrhythmic Drug Dofetilide on Ventricular Monophasic Action Potential Duration and QT Interval Dispersion in Stable Angina Pectoris

Abstract The effects of intravenous dofetilide on ventricular monophasic action potential duration and effective refractory period at the right ventricular apex and outflow tract were studied in 18 patients (aged 37 to 70 years) with ischemic heart disease. Six patients received low-dose dofetilide as a 3 μg/kg loading dose over 15 minutes and a 1.5 μg/kg maintenance dose over 45 minutes; 6 received high-dose dofetilide 6 + 3 μg/kg and 6 placebo. During atrial pacing at a cycle length of 800 ms high-dose dofetilide prolonged right ventricular apex monophasic action potential duration by 45 ms (16%) and the effective refractory period by 40 ms (16%). At the right ventricular outflow tract, monophasic action potential duration was prolonged by 45 ms (15%) and effective refractory period by 55 ms (21%). During atrial pacing at a cycle length of 500 ms high-dose dofetilide prolonged the right ventricular apex monophasic action potential duration by 40 ms (18%) and the effective refractory period by 43 ms (21%). The right ventricular outflow tract monophasic action potential duration was prolonged by 33 ms (14%) and effective refractory period by 45 ms (21%). Dofetilide produced no increase in the dispersion of repolarization between the 2 sites. During the maintenance infusion QTc prolongation by highdose dofetilide averaged 43 ms (10%) with no increase of interlead QT dispersion. The effects of dofetilide on QT interval and effective refractory period are shown to be due to a direct effect on action potential duration with no effect on dispersion. No rate dependence of monophasic action potential prolongation was detected at these cycle lengths.
Basolateral Na-H exchange in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule

We used the intracellular absorbance spectrum of the dye 4',5'-dimethyl-5- (and -6-) carboxyfluorescein (Me2CF) to measure intracellular pH (pHi) in the isolated, perfused cortical collecting tubule (CCT) of the rabbit nephron. The incident spot of light was generally 10 micron in diameter, large enough to illuminate from two to six cells. No attempt was made to distinguish principal from intercalated cells. All experiments were carried out in HCO3- -free Ringer to minimize HCO3- transport. When cells were acid-loaded by briefly exposing them to Ringer containing NH+4 and then withdrawing the NH+4, pHi spontaneously recovered from the acid load. The pHi recovery was best fit by the sum of two exponentials. When the acid loading was performed in the absence of Na+, the more rapid of the two phases of pHi recovery was absent. The remaining slow phase never returned pHi to normal and was sometimes absent. Returning Na+ to the lumen had only a slight effect on the pHi recovery. However, when Na+ was returned to the basolateral (i.e., blood-side) solution, pHi recovered rapidly and completely. The apparent Km for basolateral Na+ was 27.3 +/- 4.5 mM. The basolateral Na-dependent pHi recovery was reversibly inhibited by amiloride. We conclude that the mechanism responsible for the rapid phase of pHi recovery is an Na-H exchanger confined primarily, if not exclusively, to the basolateral membrane of the CCT.
Peripheral deletion of antigen-specific T cells leads to long-term tolerance mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic cells.

Peripheral deletion is one mechanism by which potentially self-reactive clones are removed whether they escape thymic deletion. We have examined the consequences of deleting Ag-specific T cells by i.v. injection of soluble Ag. Deletion of DO11.10 T cells by peptide was mediated predominately via a Fas/FasL mechanism. Animals that underwent deletion were tolerant to subsequent immunization with Ag, even when tolerant mice were given fresh Ag-specific DO11.10 T cells before immunization. Tolerance was mediated by CD8 + T cells that killed the DO11.10-transgenic T cells in vivo. These data demonstrate that the programmed cell death of large numbers of T cells leads to peripheral tolerance mediated by CD8 + CTLs.
Die informelle Organisation der Arbeitnehmer

Viele amerikanische Unternehmer machen sich ein recht unzulangliches Bild von der Welt der Arbeit. Ziel ihres Lebens ist der „Erfolg“, d. h. die Steigerung der Produktion und des Gewinns. Abgesehen von der personlichen Fahigkeit, fuhren die Wege zu diesem Erfolg uber verbesserte Technik, geschultes Personal und gute Organisation. Wenn sich der Erfolg nicht einstellt, fehlt einer dieser Faktoren. Das Rezept ist in jedem Falle einfach und eindeutig: neue Maschinen, besser ausgebildetes Personal und eine grundliche Reorganisation.
Theorizing urban spectacles

In this paper Kevin Fox Gotham critically explores a number of urban festivals in the US city of New Orleans, namely Mardi Gras, the Jazz and Heritage Festival, and the Essence Festival (previous articles in City have looked at similar topics—see for example Tony Harcup (Vol. 4, No. 2) in relation to Leeds, and Kim Dovey and Leonie Sandercock (Vol. 6, No. 1) in relation to Melbourne. Gotham’s central concern is to develop a critical theory of urban spectacles, using the ideas of Guy Debord and Henri Lefebvre, to highlight the conflicts and struggles over meanings of local celebrations, highlight the irrationalities and contradictions of converting cities into tourist spectacles, and wider concerns about the relationship between tourism and local culture. Rather than seeing this spectacularisation of local cultures as simply negative or positive, Gotham discusses how tourism is a conflictual and contradictory process that simultaneously disempowers localities and creates new pressures for local autonomy an...
Parallel multilevel block ILU preconditioning techniques for large sparse linear systems

We present a class of parallel preconditioning strategies built on a multilevel block incomplete LU (ILU)factorization technique to solve large sparse linear systems on distributed memory parallel computers. The preconditioners are constructed by using the concept of block independent sets. Two algorithms for constructing block independent sets of a distributed sparse matrix are proposed. We compare a few implementations of the parallel multilevel ILU preconditioners with different block independent set algorithms and different coarse level solution strategies. We also use some diagonal thresholding and perturbation strategies to enhance factorization stability. Numerical experiments indicate that our parallel multilevel block ILU preconditioners are robust and efficient.
A class of high-speed decoders for linear cyclic binary codes

A general method is proposed for decoding any cyclic binary code at extremely high speed using only modulo 2 adders and threshold elements, and the decoders may be designed for maximum-likelihood decoding. The number of decoding cycles is a fraction of the number of digits in the code word.
Handling complexities in modern large-scale mixed-size placement

In this paper, we propose an effective algorithm flow to handle large-scale mixed-size placement. The basic idea is to use floorplanning to guide the placement of objects at the global level. The flow consists of four steps: 1) The objects in the original netlist are clustered into blocks; 2) Floorplanning is performed on the blocks; 3) The blocks are shifted within the chip region to further optimize the wirelength; 4) With big macro locations fixed, incremental placement is applied to place the remaining objects. There are several advantages of handling placement at the global level with a floorplanning technique. First, the problem size can be significantly reduced. Second, exact HPWL can be minimized. Third, precise object distribution can be achieved so that legalization only needs to handle minor overlaps among small objects in a block. Fourth, rotation and various placement constraints on macros can be handled. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this new flow, we implement a high-quality floorplan-guided placer called FLOP. We also construct the Modern Mixed-Size (MMS) placement benchmarks which can effectively represent the complexities of modern mixed-size designs and the challenges faced by modern mixed-size placers. Compared with state-of-the-art mixed-size placers and leading macro placers, experimental results show that FLOP achieves the best wirelength, and easily obtains legal solutions on all circuits.
Timing synchronization in impulse-radio UWB: Trends and challenges

This paper studies the analog implementation of timing synchronization in impulse radio UWB systems. An insight into various UWB modulation schemes is provided, and an overview of the state-of-the art synchronization techniques is discussed. A novel method is presented for high-speed timing synchronization of UWB receivers in analog domain. The required timing resolution is determined and system-level simulations validating the technique, are demonstrated.
Product Market Competition and the Disclosure of Information about Customers

In deciding how much information about customers to disclose, firms face a trade-off between the benefits of reducing information asymmetry with capital markets participants and the costs of aiding rivals by revealing proprietary information. This paper investigates the determinants of firms’ choices to disclose information about their customers using a comprehensive dataset of firms’ customer disclosures over the period 1976-2006. We find that many firms’ customer reporting practices do not satisfy the minimum requirements of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission regulations. Further, we find that firms in less competitive product markets are significantly more likely to fail to meet minimum disclosure requirements. We also examine the decision by firms to report customer information beyond the minimum required and find that firms in less competitive product markets are significantly less likely to voluntarily reveal information about customers. Taken together, our findings offer strong support for the hypothesis that, all else equal, firms operating in less competitive product markets adopt less informative disclosure policies consistent with higher proprietary costs in industries where strategic interactions among rivals are more prevalent.
Teaching Collaborative Skills through Dance: Isolating the Parts to Strengthen the Whole

ABSTRACTCollaboration is inherently part of many dance pedagogies, dance practices, and dance careers, which is why dance students are frequently required to work and learn together in the dance studio and classroom. Outside of dance, in a variety of disciplines, the ability to collaborate is prized as a highly valuable competency, and the facility to collaborate in diverse roles is key to a successful career in the 21st century. This article posits that explicitly teaching collaborative skills within dance classes can better prepare students for success outside of the academy, regardless of their career choices. Suggestions regarding new teaching strategies, specifically for improvisation, choreography, and creative practices classes, which specifically foster proficiency in collaboration, are offered.
Associations between compulsive internet use and the autism spectrum

Abstract The increasingly complex relationship between individuals and online environments has prompted research exploring the potential for compulsive Internet use (CIU) in varying populations. Identification of the determinants of CIU, such as offline social difficulties associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), could clarify whether individuals compensate for offline difficulties through online interactions. In Study 1, 597 undergraduates took an online survey measuring CIU, social symptoms of ASD, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RIRB), self-esteem, and Facebook behaviors. A relationship between CIU and autistic traits was attributable to non-social characteristics (RIRB) and a relationship was identified between RIRB and information-seeking behaviors. These results complicate the social compensation hypothesis by suggesting that non-social personality characteristics contribute more strongly to CIU than individuals’ attempts to compensate for offline social challenges. Study 2 matched a sample of students with ASD (n = 33) to neurotypical students (n = 33) and uncovered no significant differences in CIU scores between the matched samples. These results suggest that findings observed by measuring autistic traits in neurotypical samples may not replicate with autistic samples.
Sedimenting Social Identity: The Practice of Pre-Columbian Maya Body Partibility

While researchers of the pre-Columbian Maya have recognized that considerable variability characterizes treatment of dead bodies, few have scrutinized the practice of body partibility. The materiality of this practice indicates the ways in which social identities become transposed and then sedimented over generations. As one particularly cogent example, I examine a royal tomb from Dos Hombres, a ceremonial center located in northwestern Belize. The burial is also compared to other royal tombs in the region. While cultural continuities are identifiable, the Dos Hombres tomb is unique given its combination of attributes, namely the residential context into which it was entombed, its associated architecture, the approximately 20,000 obsidian flakes placed atop it, and the two decedents contained within—one of whom exhibited intentional body partibility. To make sense of this complicated burial, I take my cue from scholars who attend to mortuary processes that are materially subtle and often extended. Doing so facilitates distinction between myriad meanings encoded in corporeal manipulations.
Abstract T P102: Recurrent Stroke Risk in Patients With ICAD Treated With Aggressive Medical Management: A Comparison With The Sammpris Trial

Background: Since the SAMMPRIS trial, aggressive medical management (AMM) with the use of dual antiplatelets (aspirin, clopidogrel) and high dose statin therapy has been standard of care for patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). However, there is limited data on the “real-world” application of this regimen. We hypothesized that 30-day recurrent stroke risk among patients treated with AMM would be similar to that in SAMMPRIS medically-treated patients. Methods: Using the prospective Northwestern University Brain Attack Registry, we identified all patients admitted between 8/1/12 and 1/31/14 with 1) confirmed ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA); 2) independently adjudicated symptomatic ICAD; and 3) discharged on AMM. At 30 days (28-35 day window) post-stroke, patients or proxies were contacted by telephone to review events and outcomes. We also utilized an electronic surveillance system of hospital records at any of 3 health system hospitals with confirmation ...
Are Campus Sex Tribunals Fair?: The Need for Judicial Review and Additional Due Process in Light of New Case Law

The pervasiveness of sexual assault on college and university campuses and the schools’ failures to take sexual assault seriously have resulted in recent reforms to college campus disciplinary proceedings. The federal government has largely prompted this wave of reform through Title IX, requiring schools to employ particular policies and procedures for investigating and adjudicating sexual assault as a condition of receiving federal funds. Although the federal government’s mandates are properly motivated, these reforms are criticized because they encourage schools to enact procedures that are heavily stacked against those accused of sexual assault. Consequently, students alleging that they have been wrongfully held responsible for sexual assault violations due to the flawed disciplinary procedures have brought lawsuits against their schools. Recent case law demonstrates that some schools, in an attempt to comply with Title IX, have employed procedures that are fundamentally unfair to accused students. This Note considers the interests involved in campus investigatory and adjudicatory systems through an analysis of recent cases and the procedural flaws that have emerged. It further evaluates procedural protections that would strike a better balance between the interests of the accusers, the accused, and the schools. In conclusion, this Note argues that in light of the recent case law, more meaningful judicial review and additional due process protections are necessary for accused students.
Comparison of Fuzzy Optimization and Genetic Fuzzy Methods in Solving a Modified Traveling Salesman Problem

There are a growing number of applications demonstrating the effectiveness of emulating human decision making using fuzzy logic. Main research challenges include situational awareness and decision making in an uncertain spatio-temporal environment. In this effort, a MATLAB simulation of a surveillance environment was created that placed targets in random areas on a map, with each target having a circular area imposed around it. In the simulation, a fuzzy robot was to find the shortest path around the environment, where it touched each target area at least once (meaning the areas can be passed through) before returning to its starting position. Through fuzzy optimization of a path produced through a genetic algorithm, this task was completed and it was shown that a shorter path could be found through the fuzzy optimization. The project could then be further optimized through created straight line optimization, and was made more realistic with Dubins paths. Finally, this optimization was compared to a created genetic fuzzy algorithm to determine differences in accuracy and precision between the two solutions.
First-Principles Mechanistic Analysis of Dimethyl Ether Electro-Oxidation on Monometallic Single-Crystal Surfaces

Dimethyl ether is an attractive alternative to petroleum fuels due to its physical properties, comparable energy density to methanol and ethanol, and minimal deleterious environmental/toxicological effects. For direct fuel cells, it has a number of advantages over other prominent fuels, including easier storage with respect to hydrogen, lower toxicity and crossover when compared to methanol, and more facile complete oxidation as compared to ethanol (which includes a relatively difficult to break C–C bond). However, the dimethyl ether electro-oxidation reaction is poorly understood, hindering the development of improved electrocatalysts. Using periodic, self-consistent (PW91-GGA) density functional theory calculations, we evaluate the thermochemistry of dimethyl ether (DME) electro-oxidation, at the elementary step level, on 12 model, closed-packed facets of pure transition metals: Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Ir, Rh, Co, Os, Ru, and Re. From the calculated thermochemistry, we determine the most probable reacti...
Allergic reactions to hyaluronidase.

Summary and ConclusionsIt has been demonstrated by hemagglutination inhibition tests as well as by induction of anaphylactic shock that a commercial hyaluronidase preparation contained a small but ...
Abstract 346: Aspirin blocks EGF responsiveness in ovarian cancer cells

Many ovarian cancers overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR over-expression in ovarian cancer has been associated with poor prognosis. EGFR inhibitors alone do not produce positive clinical results in ovarian tumors that lack a tyrosine kinase mutation or over-express EGFR. This suggests that downstream signaling pathways remained active. In other tumors, efficacy of EGFR inhibitors is improved with combination therapy . Recent evidence suggests that human epithelial ovarian cancers express elevated levels of COX-1, indicating COX-1 is a potential target for therapy. Aspirin (acetylsalicylate, ASA) is a more selective COX-1 inhibitor and is also known to have anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic properties. Our objective was to investigate the effects of ASA on EGF-induced ovarian cancer cell growth. ASA inhibited cell proliferation induced by EGF with a dose dependent manner in COX-1 positive OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. In particular, ASA decreased phosphorylated Akt and Erk activated by EGF. Furthermore, we made COX-1 expressing cell line (SKCOX-1) by stably transfecting COX-1 expression vector into COX-1 negative SKOV-3 cells. SKCOX-1 cells were more responsive to ASA compared to cells transfected with pcDNA-3 (SKpcDNA). Taken together, ASA inhibits proliferation of COX-1 positive ovarian cancer cells by blocking phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, probably potentiating the efficacy to treat ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 346.
Investigating Large Scale Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in a Biological Membrane

Toulmay and Prinz recently imaged micron-scale inhomogeneity of labeled proteins and labeled lipids within membranes of vacuole organelles of yeast cells (Toulmay & Prinz, J. Cell Biol., 2013). Such inhomogeneities may provide a mechanism for the protein organization on cell membranes necessary for signal transduction and viral pathogenesis. An outstanding question is whether this inhomogeneity is due to demixing of liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) membrane phases. Such phases have been previously well characterized in both model vesicles composed of at least three lipid types as well as in Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles derived from cells. Here we apply techniques of physical chemistry (through changes in temperature and osmotic pressure) to intact yeast vacuole membranes. We use fluorescence microscopy to assess if the vacuole membranes react in a manner consistent with miscibility phase behavior, which would provide the first proof of liquid-liquid phase separation in an unperturbed cell membrane.
Do Schools Cause Crime in Neighborhoods? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from the Growth of Charter Schools in Philadelphia

This paper examines the impact of schools on crime in urban neighborhoods. The change in the public educational landscape with the rise of charter schools in Philadelphia provides a natural experiment to examine the effects that school locations have on crime rates. In this paper, we use data on the location and opening of charter and public schools to estimate the effect that school openings had on neighborhood crime patterns between 1998 and 2010. We estimate the change in crime counts in areas surrounding schools before and after their opening compared to areas where schools are always open. We find that crime in general goes down when schools open. The findings suggest that school locations play a minimal role in neighborhood crime production in Philadelphia.
Exploratory Study on Anchoring: Fake Vote Counts in Consumer Reviews Affect Judgments of Information Quality

Popular products in online stores often have overwhelming numbers of reviews. To help consumers identity quality reviews, (Site 1) crowdsources this decision by asking consumers to vote on the helpfulness of reviews. Many studies assume these votes reflect the information quality of a review, but this does not account for the influence of fake votes. This study investigates whether fake votes influence judgments of review information quality. From controlled questionnaires given to 294 consumers, we found that fake vote counts could completely reverse judgments of information quality in both directions. Specifically, fake votes affected consumers' processes of purchase decision-making and product research. Overall, fake votes changed both review judgments and purchase behaviors.
Conception and Pregnancy in Patients (pts) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Receiving Therapy with Imatinib Mesylate (IM).

Abstract Although pts with CML receiving IM therapy are required to practice contraception while on therapy, there are isolated case reports of conception and pregnancy while on therapy. Here we present our experience with 18 pts who conceived while on IM therapy: 10 females and 8 males. All 10 females received IM for chronic phase (CP) CML. At the time of conception 1 had a complete cytogenetic (CG) response (CG CR), 3 a partial CG response (CG PR), 2 a minor CG response (CG MR), 2 complete hematologic response (CHR), and 2 no response. All pts stopped therapy immediately when pregnancy was recognized. Pts were managed with hydroxyurea (n=3), leukapheresis (n=1), interferon (n=1) or observation. Two pts had a spontaneous and 1 an elective abortion; 7 pregnancies continued uneventfully until delivery (median duration of pregnancy 36 weeks). Eight babies have been born (1 pair of twins): one had hypospadias, 7 were normal. The median age of the children is now 14 months (mo) and all are developing normally. At the time of delivery/abortion, 5 pts were 100% Ph-positive, 3 had still a CG MR and 1 a CG PR [i.e. 5 of 7 evaluable had increased Ph off therapy (1 not tested yet, 2 results pending) (median off therapy 9 months, range 4 to 22 months).] Pts re-started therapy after delivery and again after a median of 18 months after delivery (range 5 to 48 months), 3 have a CG CR, 2 CG PR, 1 CG MR, 2 CHR and 1 unknown. Among 8 males (6 CP, 2 AP) who impregnated their partners while on IM, 9 pregnancies resulted in the birth of 8 healthy babies and 1 spontaneous abortion. One baby had a mild rotation of the small intestine that resolved surgically. There were no complications of the other 7 babies. With a median age of 37 mo (range, 5 to 50), there are no known growth or development problems for any of the babies. This small experience suggests that conception while receiving IM is most frequently associated with a normal pregnancy and healthy babies, provided IM is immediately discontinued. Still, the recommendation to practice effective contraception while on IM should be enforced.
MODE OF POROSITY DEVELOPMENT IN ACTIVATED ANTHRACITE

A St. Nicholas anthracite was devolatilized at 950°C and then activated with CO2 at temperatures between 800° and 950°C in a fluidized reactor with the extent of burnoff ranging from 8 to 65%2. Three particle sizes in the range from 16 × 20 to 100 × 150 mesh (Tyler) were employed. To characterize the pore structure of the activated anthracite, surface area, helium density, apparent density, and pore volume distribution data were obtained. As the activation progressed up to 65% burnoff at 900°C, the specific surface area and pore volume increased to 2120 m2/g and 0.79 cm3/g, respectively for the 100 × 150 mesh size. These values are the maximum obtained for all of the activation conditions used. The pore volume distribution of the activated anthracite can be expressed by a normal distribution function having three sets of parameters, taking the logarithm of pore diameter as the independent variable. For all samples, the first distribution function covers the volume of pores smaller than 30 A in diameter and it comprises about 92% of the total pore volume. Development of the fine pore structure involves a two-fold process consisting of (1) opening of pores originally closed and (2) enlargement of open pores. The first process predominates at the initial stages of burnoff, while the second process becomes of importance at higher burnoffs. The rate of activation of anthracite with CO2 over the temperature range studied is controlled jointly by the chemical rate and the rate of diffusion of CO2 into the internal pore structure. Consequently, the development of micropores takes place less uniformly with increase in temperature and/or particle size.
Beyond binary: optical data storage with 0, 1, 2, and 3 in polymer films

The evergrowing amount of data created and collected is met with the increased need to store this data. In compliment to improving data storage capabilities using engineering controls such as decreased pixel size (i.e., Blu-ray) or 3-D pixels (i.e., voxels), chemistry-based approaches are required to move beyond current limitations and meet our future needs. Herein, we present a new methodology to optically store data in a quaternary code of 0, 1, 2, 3 in a commodity polymer containing a low loading of two small molecules, and using heat and UV light to write, and read fluorescence output. The as-prepared film is non-fluorescent (0), and can be written through a wooden or metal mask with thermal treatment (1), light treatment (2), or both (3), giving three different colours of fluorescence under UV irradiation. The flexible polymer film remains colourless and transparent under ambient light after patterning, retains the stored data after exfoliation with sandpaper, and can be removed from the substrate and mechanically deformed without detriment to the pattern. This straightforward and scalable system demonstrates the use of simple and robust chemical reactions to improve data storage capabilities and has the potential to exponentially increase information density.