cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moderating Effects of Immigrant Status on Determinants of Job Satisfaction Implications for Occupational Health

Despite an increased reliance on immigrants to fill important jobs within the United States, research is lacking with regard to job satisfaction among immigrant employees. Using data from the 2002 and 2008 National Study of the Changing Workforce (n = 559), the authors examined how immigrant status affects determinants of job satisfaction. Hierarchical linear regression was used to uncover whether income satisfaction, autonomy, learning opportunities, supervisor, and coworker support predict U.S.-born and immigrant workers’ job satisfaction and how immigrant status moderates the relationship between each predictor and job satisfaction. Results showed the moderating effects of immigrant status for income satisfaction and autonomy on the job. The relationship between income satisfaction and job satisfaction was stronger for immigrants and the relationship between autonomy on the job and job satisfaction was negative for immigrants who lack English proficiency. These results add to the limited knowledge abou...
Temporal characteristics and scaling considerations of multimode interference couplers

A mode propagation model is used to analyze the temporal response of a multimode interference (MMI) coupler. The response is characterized as a function of the splitting ratio so that the effects of architectural scaling can be predicted. Results are presented for a specific coupler design. The results indicate that an increase in aggregate bandwidth, defined as the combined bandwidth of the parallel output channels of the coupler, is accompanied by a decrease in coupled power and energy. The loss in efficiency is shown to be independent of whether the increase in aggregate bandwidth is produced by an increase in the splitting ratio or the signal bandwidth.
Toward a Comparative Sociology of Valuation and Evaluation

This review discusses North American and European research from the sociology of valuation and evaluation (SVE), a research topic that has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The goal is to bring various bodies of work into conversation with one another in order to stimulate more cumulative theory building. This is accomplished by focusing on (a) subprocesses such as categorization and legitimation, (b) the conditions that sustain heterarchies, and (c) valuation and evaluative practices. The article reviews these literatures and provides directions for a future research agenda.
Climate and weather influences on spatial temporal patterns of mountain pine beetle populations in Washington and Oregon

Widespread outbreaks of mountain pine beetle in North America have drawn the attention of scientists, forest managers, and the public. There is strong evidence that climate change has contributed to the extent and severity of recent outbreaks. Scientists are interested in quantifying relationships between bark beetle population dynamics and trends in climate. Process models that simulate climate suitability for mountain pine beetle outbreaks have advanced our understanding of beetle population dynamics; however, there are few studies that have assessed their accuracy across multiple outbreaks or at larger spatial scales. This study used the observed number of trees killed by mountain pine beetles per square kilometer in Oregon and Washington, USA, over the past three decades to quantify and assess the influence of climate and weather variables on beetle activity over longer time periods and larger scales than previously studied. Influences of temperature and precipitation in addition to process model output variables were assessed at annual and climatological time scales. The statistical analysis showed that new attacks are more likely to occur at locations with climatological mean August temperatures >15 degrees C. After controlling for beetle pressure, the variables with the largest effect on the odds of an outbreak exceeding a certain size were minimum winter temperature (positive relationship) and drought conditions in current and previous years. Precipitation levels in the year prior to the outbreak had a positive effect, possibly an indication of the influence of this driver on brood size. Two-year cumulative precipitation had a negative effect, a possible indication of the influence of drought on tree stress. Among the process model variables, cold tolerance was the strongest indicator of an outbreak increasing to epidemic size. A weather suitability index developed from the regression analysis indicated a 2.5x increase in the odds of outbreak at locations with highly suitable weather vs. locations with low suitability. The models were useful for estimating expected amounts of damage (total area with outbreaks) and for quantifying the contribution of climate to total damage. Overall, the results confirm the importance of climate and weather on the spatial expansion of bark beetle outbreaks over time.
Obeah’s Sensations: Rethinking Religion at the Transnational Turn

In a recent journal issue, Jordan Alexander Stein and Justine Murison observe that work on non-Protestant religions has the potential to upend conventional accounts of religion's place in British America. Taking up that challenge, Jaudon's essay discusses Revolutionary-era literary representations of obeah, a creole religion practiced by enslaved persons in the British Caribbean, arguing that such narratives use religious experience to craft an alternative transnationalism. Works such as William Earle's 1800 novel Obi; or, The History of Three-Fingered Jack and similar chapbooks, penny-dreadfuls, and pantomimes share a common fascination with the occult forms of sensation obeah enabled, explaining away these experiences as misrecognitions of a stable material reality. Jaudon draws together recent reassessments of the history of the senses by anthropologists and challenges to secularism by political theorists to unsettle these texts' easy dismissal of the strange sense perceptions and bodily capacities that obeah cultivated among enslaved persons. In their anxious attempts to debunk obeah, these narratives record what Jacques Ranciere calls a "dissensus": a clash between competing models of sensory perception. Such moments of sensory disjuncture posed a significant threat to a colonial order that claimed universality for its sense perceptions. Obeah narratives indicate that embodied religious experience constitutes a sensual alternative to what Elizabeth Maddock Dillon terms the "Westphalian imaginary" of a world mapped into nation-states. By recharacterizing religion as an alternative to the nation instead of something that circulates across its boundaries, Jaudon suggests new maps for transnational inquiry-ones that focus on the sensual relations religions forge or forbid between their adherents' bodies and the nation-state's world.
Getting Ahead in the Hospitality Industry: an Event History Analysis of Promotions Among Hotel and Restaurant Employees

This study examined the effects of industry employment, firm size, gender, age, education, and hospitality major on the careers of hospitality employees. The career histories of 205 hospitality management employees were analyzed using event history analysis. Industry employment, firm size, age, and educational attainment were found to affect the rate of promotions; gender and a hospitality management major did not. The major did increase the rate of lateral moves. The results of this research suggest that educators and industry professionals who advise hospitality management students or employees should stress the career benefits of obtaining a bachelor's degree and seeking position within large firms.
Important Factors Underlying Ethical Intentions of Students: Implications for Marketing Education.

This study analyzes the relative influences of perceived ethical problems, perceived importance of ethics, idealism, relativism, and gender on ethical intention of students. The potential impacts of grade point average and education level of students were also investigated. The results from a survey of students in marketing classes from two major universities in the United States reveal that perceived ethical problems and perceived importance of ethics have positive impacts on ethical intentions of students. The survey results reveal a reverse relationship between relativism and ethical intention. There is, however, no relationship between idealism and ethical intentions. As hypothesized, the results indicate that male students tend to be less ethical in their intention than female students. The findings indicate that grade point average and educational level are not determinants of ethical intentions of students. Some important implications for marketing education and for the management ethics training p...
Preconditioning up-regulates the soluble TNF receptor I response to endotoxin

Abstract Background Sepsis and endotoxemia frequently complicate the care of surgical patients. Basic and clinical investigations have correlated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) levels with myocardial suppression and lethality after sepsis. Soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFRI) is an endogenous mechanism of clearing serum TNF. Elucidating mechanisms of endogenous adaptation may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Endotoxin tolerance (LPS-preconditioning) is associated with a down-regulation of proinflammatory monokine production; thus, similar down-regulation of sTNFRI may be expected. However, it may be equally plausible to hypothesize that the processes which lead to enhanced shedding of these receptors are up-regulated during tolerance. Materials and methods To study this, sublethal LPS was administered to male rats ( Salmonella typhimurium , 500 μg/kg IP in 1 ml bacteriostatic normal saline IP) or an equivalent volume of bacteriostatic normal saline IP (sham) 24 h prior to subsequent LPS challenge. Rats were sacrificed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h following LPS and serum TNF and TNFRI were measured by ELISAs. Results LPS induced a significant increase in sTNFRI at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h following LPS. sTNFRI levels returned to baseline by 24 h following LPS treatment. LPS induced a parallel increase in TNF. LPS pretreatment (preconditioning) resulted in a significant increase in TNFRI and a significant decrease in TNF. Conclusion This study constitutes the initial demonstration that tolerance mechanisms: (1) up-regulate sTNFRI, which binds and clears TNF; and (2) reverses the TNF-to-sTNFRI ratio. Safe pharmacologic methods of up-regulating endogenous TNF-clearance mechanisms may ultimately have therapeutic value.
Conventional and associative memory-based spelling checkers

Conventional and emerging neural approaches to fault-tolerant data retrieval when the input keyword and/or database itself may contain noise (errors) are reviewed. Spelling checking is used as a primary example to illustrate various approaches and to contrast the difference between conventional (algorithmic) techniques and research methods based on neural associative memories. Recent research on associative spelling checkers is summarized and some original results are presented. It is concluded that most neural models do not provide a viable solution for robust data retrieval due to saturation and scaling problems. However, a combination of conventional and neural approaches is shown to have excellent error correction rates and low computational costs; hence, it can be a good choice for robust data retrieval in large databases. >
Utility of CK7 and CK20 Immunohistochemistry in the Detection of Synchronous Breast and Colon Carcinoma in a Pleural Effusion: A Case Report and Supporting Survey of Archival Material

We present a case of synchronous breast and colon carcinoma in a pleural effusion, to our knowledge the first such reported case in the English-language literature. The patient was a 55-yr-old white female with known metastatic breast and colon carcinoma who developed a malignant pleural effusion which demonstrated two strikingly different populations of malignant cells by immunohistochemical study of cell block material. One cell population demonstrated a cytokeratin (CK)7+/CK20−/ER+ phenotype, while the other demonstrated a CK7−/CK20+/ER− phenotype, consistent with breast and colon origin, respectively. An immunohistochemical survey of archival breast and colon primary and metastatic carcinomas confirmed the established CK7+/CK20− phenotype of breast and CK7−/CK20+ phenotype of colon primary carcinomas, and the maintenance of this phenotype in metastases thereof. A survey of benign and malignant mesothelial lesions confirmed the absence of staining for estrogen receptor, but showed 6/10 cases weakly positive for CK20, which has not been described in other published series. This unusual case graphically illustrates the utility of cytokeratin subset immunohistochemistry in effusion cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:54–58, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Laser emission in the vacuum ultraviolet from molecular hydrogen

A unique gas laser system suitable for achieving more than a 100-kW peak power in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region near 1600 A is described. First, the theory of the molecular hydrogen laser is presented. The novel operation of the device to generate a fast-rising current pulse which travels down the discharge channel at the velocity of light is described. Finally, the experimental verification of lasing and further characteristics of the device are given.
Growth rates of epidermoid tumors

Abstract Consideration of the most likely method of growth of epidermoid tumors, either congenital or traumatic in origin, suggests that they grow linearly, at rates approximately those reported for normal human skin, rather than exponentially, as most tumors do. Such a linear rate of growth would be expected of tumors derived from a single layer of basal germinal cells spread out over a surface area.
DO NOT WAIT TO REVEAL THE BRAND NAME: The Effect of Brand-Name Placement on Television Advertising Effectiveness

Is advertising more effective when the advertised brand name is revealed at the onset of an advertising message or when it is withheld until the end of the message? Given the propensity of advertising to withhold the brand name, advertisers apparently presume the latter, perhaps because they believe that the practice sustains attention to the advertisement. The network model of memory and related theories of associative learning imply superior advertising effectiveness when the brand name is presented at the beginning of an advertisement. An experiment was conducted to test this proposition. Several award-winning television advertisements were remastered to reveal the brand name either at the beginning or at the end of the spot. The results support the prediction that advertising is more effective when the brand name appears at the beginning of the advertisement. Evidence is consistent with the conclusion that the effect was caused by strengthening the memory association between the brand name and the eva...
The Topological Profile of a Model of Protein Network Evolution Can Direct Model Improvement

Biological networks are an attractive construct for studying evolution. One method for inferring evolutionary mechanics is to construct models which generate networks sharing topological characteristics with their empirical counterparts. It remains a challenge to assess, modify, and improve a model based on the topological values it generates. A large range of parameter values may produce a similar topology, and topological properties may vacillate in unexpected ways, frustrating attempts to determine whether the model is flawed or model parameter values are incorrect. We introduce a new method for evaluating the fidelity of an evolutionary network model with respect to topological characteristics by driving topological characteristics towards empirical values concurrently with network generation. From this we compute a topological profile which defines the ability of the network model to produce a desired topology. The topological profile also measures the volatility of characteristics, and the interrelationships among topological characteristics. Our method shows that a top-rated protein interaction network model cannot produce the empirical number of triangles. As triangle count is driven to the empirical value, additional characteristics are propelled towards empirical values. These findings suggest that new model mechanics that increase the number of triangles produced will best enhance the existing model. By providing systematic evaluation of the ability of model mechanics to produce desired topological properties, our framework can help to focus the search for biologically plausible and relevant processes important to network evolution.
Evening the odds

In Orphan, Philip R. Reilly chronicles the quest to end a particular subset of human diseases that arise when our DNA goes awry. Retracing roads to successful treatments and providingsuggestions for the next trails to be blazed, Orphan is "a magnificent gift" to the parents, physicians, and scientists who strive to improve the lives of children born with rare genetic disorders.
Control of APC/C-dependent ubiquitin chain elongation by reversible phosphorylation

Most metazoan E3 ligases contain a signature RING domain that promotes the transfer of ubiquitin from the active site of E2 conjugating enzymes to lysine residues in substrates. Although these RING-E3s depend on E2 enzymes for catalysis, how they turn on their E2s at the right time and place remains poorly understood. Here we report a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that ensures timely activation of the E2 Ube2S by its RING-E3, the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C); while phosphorylation of a specific serine residue in the APC/C coactivator Cdc20 prevents delivery of Ube2S to the APC/C, removal of this mark by PP2AB56 allows Ube2S to bind the APC/C and catalyze ubiquitin chain elongation. PP2AB56 also stabilizes kinetochore–microtubule attachments to shut off the spindle checkpoint, suggesting that cells regulate the E2–E3 interplay to coordinate ubiquitination with critical events during cell division.
Clinical Analysis on 48 Infants with Mediastinum Enterogenous Cysts

Objective:To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of mediastinum enterogenous cysts.Methods:The clinical data of 48 infants with mediastinum enterogenous cysts from Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital in recent 20 years were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The infant mediastinum enterogenous cysts had some features as follows: a) The patients were of symptoms of respiratory distress.b) Chest wall was satiation,breath sound diminished or disappeared,percussion presented dullness,trachea shifted towards contralateral side,respiration appeared three depression signs.c) X-ray chest film showed posterior mediastinal masses combined with spinal deformity.d) Chest CT showed the value of cysts was between 5 HU～25 HU.e) Tc99 radioisotope scanning showed there was dystopia gastric mucosa in cysts.Radical surgery was the only approach to cure the disease.Conclusion:The infant mediastinum enterogenous cysts can be diagnosed by the symptoms,physical signs and imaging examination.The radical surgery has a good prognosis and no complications occur.
Initial Clinical Trials with a Tubless Lithotriptor

AbstractThe Medstone 1050 is a new tubless lithotriptor developed in the United States. Under Food and Drug Administration guidelines a human treatment protocol has been developed. The first 50 patients treated at a single site and followed for a minimum of 3 months are presented. All stones treated were 3cm. or less in longest dimension and located in the renal pelvis, calices or proximal ureter. An adequate fragmentation rate of 90% was achieved in this group. There were no significant complications in any patient. A larger multicenter study presently is underway. (J. Urol, 143: 10-12, 1990)
Images in clinical medicine. Mycobacterium marinum infection of the hand.

Figure 1. A 35-year-old laboratory researcher who was working with Mycobacterium marinum abraded the back of her left hand, and a tender, erythematous nodule developed (Panel A). Over the next few days, small amounts of yellowish fluid were discharged from the lesion and a line of tender, nodular lymphangitis appeared, extending from the medial aspect of the elbow approximately one third of the way up the arm. The nodules were approximately 0.5 cm in diameter, and there was no erythema of the surrounding skin. Gram's staining and acid-fast staining of the discharge from the lesion revealed inflammatory cells but no . . .
Probing the Redox States of Sodium Channel Cysteines at the Binding Site of μO§-Conotoxin GVIIJ.

μO§-Conotoxin GVIIJ is a 35-amino acid peptide that readily blocks six of eight tested NaV1 subunit isoforms of voltage-gated sodium channels. μO§-GVIIJ is unusual in having an S-cysteinylated cysteine (at residue 24). A proposed reaction scheme involves the peptide–channel complex stabilized by a disulfide bond formed via thiol–disulfide exchange between Cys24 of the peptide and a Cys residue at neurotoxin receptor site 8 in the pore module of the channel (specifically, Cys910 of rat NaV1.2). To examine this model, we synthesized seven derivatives of μO§-GVIIJ in which Cys24 was disulfide-bonded to various thiols (or SR groups) and tested them on voltage-clamped Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing NaV1.2. In the proposed model, the SR moiety is a leaving group that is no longer present in the final peptide–channel complex; thus, the same koff value should be obtained regardless of the SR group. We observed that all seven derivatives, whose kon values varied over a 30-fold range, had the same koff value. Co...
Phosphorylation of βIII-Tubulin†

There is considerable evidence that mammalian β-tubulin is phosphorylated. Specifically, of the seven β isotypes, the phosphorylated one is βIII, the isotype found almost entirely in neurons. The phosphate is added at a serine and perhaps a tyrosine near the C-terminus. All the evidence to date has been gathered by growth of cells and tissues in the presence of radioactive inorganic phosphate followed by tubulin isolation and determination of the labeled tubulin; thus, the actual extent of phosphorylation of βIII is unknown. Nor is it known if α-tubulin and the other β isotypes are phosphorylated by a mechanism which would not be revealed by previous experiments. In addition, the role of tubulin phosphorylation is unknown. We have purified the αβII-, αβIII-, and αβIV-tubulin dimers from bovine brain and have determined their phosphate content chemically. We have found that α-tubulin is not phosphorylated and neither are the βII or βIV isotypes. However, βIII is phosphorylated with a stoichiometry of about...
Sensory Processing in Rhesus Monkeys: Developmental Continuity, Prenatal Treatment, and Genetic Influences

Neonatal sensory processing (tactile and vestibular function) was tested in 78 rhesus macaques from two experiments. At ages 4–5 years, striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding was examined using positron emission tomography. At ages 5–7 years, adult sensory processing was assessed. Findings were: (a) prenatal stress exposure yielded less optimal neonatal sensory processing; (b) animals carrying the short rh5-HTTLPR allele had less optimal neonatal sensory scores than monkeys homozygous for the long allele; (c) neonatal sensory processing was significantly related to striatal D2 receptor binding for carriers of the short allele, but not for animals homozygous for the long allele; and (d) there was moderate developmental continuity in sensory processing from the neonatal period to adulthood.
Control of Industry — By Business and Society

As with his Studies in the Economics of Overhead Costs, the earliest source of Clark’s Social Control of Business1 is to be found in his doctoral dissertation. As noted earlier, the dissertation contained essentially two sections. In the first part, Clark sought to discover the cost principles upon which railway rates were actually based. It was this track which led Clark into the study of overhead costs and to the proposition that overhead costs were the usual rule in modern industry. The second section of his dissertation followed directly from the “fact” of overhead costs and provided the basis for his view that new measures of public control in industry were necessary.
Unequal cancer survivorship care: addressing cultural and sociodemographic disparities in the clinic.

The number of individuals diagnosed with cancer is growing worldwide. Cancer patients from underserved populations have widely documented disparities through the continuum of cancer care. As the number of cancer survivors (i.e., individuals who have completed cancer treatment) from underserved populations also continue to grow, these individuals may continue to experience barriers to survivorship care, resulting in persistent long-term negative impacts on health and quality of life. In addition, there is limited participation of survivors from underserved populations in clinical trials and other research studies. To address disparities and change practices in survivorship care, a better understanding of the roles of both socioeconomic status (SES) and of culture in cancer care disparities and the relevance of these to providing high-quality care is needed. SES and culture often overlap but are not identical; understanding the impact of each is especially relevant to survivorship care. To enhance health equity among cancer survivors, clinicians need to practice culturally competent care, address cultural beliefs and practices that may influence survivors’ beliefs and activities, gain awareness of historical patterns of medical care in the survivor’s community, and consider how barriers to cross-cultural communications may hinder communication in clinical settings. While the design and implementation of survivorship care programs emphasizing effectiveness and equity is complex and potentially time consuming, it is critical for providing optimal care for all survivors, including those from the most vulnerable populations.
Queer Farmers: Sexuality and the Transition to Sustainable Agriculture

Intimate relationships are foundational to farm viability. They affect how farmers share tasks, earn income, and access land, yet the role of sexuality and heteronormativity in agriculture remains understudied. Furthermore, queer people are largely ignored as potential farmers by the sustainable agriculture and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) movements. I document the lived experiences of queer farmers, an underresearched group, through participant observation and interviews with 30 sustainable farmers of various genders and sexualities in New England. I use a queer perspective to illuminate sexualized and heteronormative patterns in sustainable agriculture. Whereas the perception of rural heterosexism can discourage queer participation in agriculture, queer farmers faced less overt heterosexism than they expected. However, they did experience heterosexism particular to sustainable agriculture, and confronting it might jeopardize relationships important for economic and environmental sustainability and land access. Some farmers were attracted to sustainable agriculture for reasons specific to gender, sexuality, and anticapitalist values. I argue that sexuality and heteronormativity are embedded in farmer recruitment, retention, and land acquisition, which are critical for the transition to sustainable agriculture. I offer the sustainable agriculture movement a lens for envisioning alternatives for farm families, homes, and workplaces.
Neurotoxicology of Synthetic Cathinone Analogs.

The present review briefly explores the neurotoxic properties of methcathinone, mephedrone, methylone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), four synthetic cathinones most commonly found in “bath salts.” Cathinones are β-keto analogs of the commonly abused amphetamines and display pharmacological effects resembling cocaine and amphetamines, but despite their commonalities in chemical structures, synthetic cathinones possess distinct neuropharmacological profiles and produce unique effects. Among the similarities of synthetic cathinones with their non-keto analogs are their targeting of monoamine systems, the release of neurotransmitters, and their stimulant properties. Most of the literature on synthetic cathinones has focused on describing their properties as psychostimulants, their behavioral effects on locomotion, memory, and potential for abuse, whereas descriptions of their neurotoxic properties are not abundant. The biochemical gauges of neurotoxicity induced by non-keto analogs are well studied in humans and experimental animals and include their ability to induce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, temperature alterations as well as dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems and induce changes in monoamine transporters and receptors. These neurotoxicity gauges will serve as parameters to discuss the effects of the four previously mentioned synthetic cathinones alone or in combination with either another cathinone or with some of their non-keto analogs. Bath salts are not a defined combination of drugs and may consist of one synthetic cathinone compound or combinations of more cathinones. Furthermore, this review also presents some of the mechanisms that are thought to underlie this toxicity. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the synthetic cathinones-induced neurotoxicity should contribute to generate modern therapeutic approaches to prevent or attenuate the adverse consequences of use of these drugs in humans.
Ingrouping, Outgrouping, and the Pragmatics of Peripheral Speech

Speech does not merely reflect social identity; it helps create it, by ingrouping and outgrouping individuals and establishing and clarifying community boundaries and norms of membership. We define a pragmatic category of community-specific speech that is used by and directed at community insiders. We focus on a species of community-specific speech that has flown under the philosophical radar, a type of speech we term peripheral speech: Peripheral speech is informal, typically playful, insider speech that includes inside jokes, riffs, gossip, insider references; it is loosely constrained, and only those who have skills and normative competence characteristic of a community can play along successfully. Peripheral speech is shared by a community, but also used to bring people into it and cast people out of it. We argue that entitlement to peripheral speech requires a type of speaker authority that is not granted by way of established rules and conventions, but rather settled locally and in situ.
A System Architecture for Hands-Free UAV Drone Control Using Intuitive Voice Commands

In this paper, we describe a system architecture that enables an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to be controlled intuitively using simple voice commands. The system has been implemented using the Nuance speech recognition platform along with the DJI Mobile SDK for iOS development in Swift. The control language has been defined using regular expressions and the system has been implemented and tested using a DJI Phantom 4 drone.
An Application of the Results from the Large-Scale Thermal Stimulation Method of Methane Hydrate Dissociation to the Field Tests

Methane hydrate formation and the gas recovery from the hydrates using the thermal stimulation method was studied in a large-scale laboratory reactor. A large-scale laboratory reactor (59 L volume) was used in this study. The efficiencies of gas recovery and energy utilization were studied over two different values of initial hydrate saturation (30% and 50%) and three different values of heating rates (20, 50, and 100 W). Results obtained from the tests demonstrate that with the initial hydrate saturation (SH) remaining constant (50% SH); total recovery of methane increases from 40% to 52% to 73% with a heating rate increase from 20 W to 50 W to 100 W. The average thermal efficiency, however, decreases from 86% to 84% to 82% over the same heating rate range. Alternately at a constant heating rate (100 W), total recovery of methane increased from 67% to 74% when an initial hydrate saturation was increased from 30% to 50%. We show that maintaining a constant heating rate throughout the dissociation is not t...
Angela M.H. Brodie, PhD, FAACR: In Memoriam (1934–2017)

![][1] On June 7, 2017, the cancer research community lost Professor Angela MH Brodie, PhD, FAACR, the “Mother of Aromatase Inhibitors.” The discovery of specific aromatase inhibitors (AI) is a major advance in targeted therapeutics. Three cheap orally active agents, anastrozole,
Effects of Tree Production Method and Transplanting on Root Hydraulic Conductance1

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the post-transplant, root specific hydraulic conductance (KS) of two oak species (Quercus bicolor Willd. and Quercus rubra L.). Q. bicolor and Q. rubra trees responded differently to transplanting across the differing types of production methods. Overall, higher post-transplant fine root KS resulted in a larger leaf area after transplanting. Container-grown (CG) trees had the highest root KS immediately after transplanting compared to balled-and-burlapped (BNB), in-ground fabric (IGF), and bare-root (BR) trees, but KS in CG trees was largely reduced at the end of the first growing season after transplanting. Post-transplant variations of fine root KS also differed between the two tree species. Fine root KS remained similar in BNB and IGF Q. bicolor trees after transplanting, but increased with time after transplanting in Q. rubra trees. The increase in KS was especially greater in BNB and BR Q. rubra trees than IGF Q. rubra. Index words: transplantin...
Case of a Girl with a Secret

The assurance of confidentiality in sexual, reproductive, and mental health is an essential element of the therapeutic relationship between adolescents and their health-care providers. Research has shown that adolescents may forgo needed health care for these sensitive concerns if they believe this information will be shared with their parents. To address this issue, laws have been enacted to protect confidentiality when an adolescent seeks care in areas such as sexually transmitted infection testing, contraception, and outpatient mental health services. Confidentiality laws can vary by state and may depend on a practitioner’s assessment of the minor’s ability to make informed decisions regarding his or her health. In some circumstances, however, confidentiality cannot be assured, such as when the adolescent’s safety is at stake. There are also other challenges to preserving confidentiality such as billing for services, the electronic medical record, and patient portals. For this reason, providers should familiarize themselves with the laws regarding adolescent confidentiality in their state and include discussions of confidentiality in each adolescent patient encounter.
Holographic CBK relation

Abstract The Crewther–Broadhurst–Kataev (CBK) relation connects the Bjorken function for deep-inelastic sum rules (or the Gross–Llewellyn Smith function) with the Adler function for electron–positron annihilation in QCD; it has been checked to hold up to four loops in perturbation theory. Here we study non-perturbative terms in the CBK relation using a holographic dual theory that is believed to capture properties of QCD. We show that for the large invariant momenta the perturbative CBK relation is exactly satisfied. For the small momenta non-perturbative corrections enter the relation and we calculate their significant effects. We also give an exact holographic expression for the Bjorken function, as well as for the entire three-point axial-vector–vector correlation function, and check their consistency in the conformal limit.
Safety climate dimensions and their relationship to construction safety performance: A meta-analytic review

Abstract This study investigated the empirical relationship between measures of construction safety climate dimensions and safety performance. A comprehensive review of existing literature of construction safety climate was conducted to: (1) review the questionnaires used to measure safety climate dimensions in the construction industry; (2) identify the salient dimensions of safety climate; and (3) establish a consistent definition of each safety climate dimension. Then, a statistical meta-analysis of the empirical relationship between construction safety climate dimensions and safety performance was performed. 107 studies were reviewed, and 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The review indicated that 14 construction safety climate dimensions were commonly used to assess safety climate. Of the 14 dimensions, five— supervisor’s safety role (r = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.50), management commitment to safety (r = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.31), safety rules and procedures (r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.37), individual responsibility to health and safety (r = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.31, and training (r = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.17)—were identified as commonly used predictors of injury rates. The results can be used by researchers and practitioners in this burgeoning field to standardize the assessment of safety climate and to validate the use of safety climate as a predictor of safety performance.
Philosophy, Science and Value

Utility for life and daily experience in terms of the physical nature of science and the conceptual nature of philosophy is discussed in relation to the means of occupying time by the individual and society. A paradox of mind and matter is resolved to unwitnessed unreflected energy from a common containing element as the source of both becoming matter and the energy bound to concepts employed for physical navigation and survival. A graph of an egg demonstrated from graphing parameters designed to avoid periodicities in trigonometric functions is used in analogy to demonstrate philosophical value as time bearing motion born from experience and intuition applied to inert periodic figures. Bertrand Russell's Paradox, analogy of the qualities of uniqueness, self belonging are discussed with respect to science, philosophy, and value.
Performing Inclusion and Disillusion

This chapter analyzes representation of liberal modernity in Nemesio Trejo’s plays La fiesta de don Marcos, Los oleos del chico, Los inquilinos, and Las mujeres lindas. His complex engagement with different facets of this transitional moment in Argentina vividly illustrates the clash among inclusive imaginaries, a culture of vigilance, and the daily lives of the popular sectors. I argue that the characters’ quotidian experiences reveal that rather than progress and prosperity, liberalism signified the substitution of criollo values with a market-based system that equated wealth with worth. In response, the characters combat draconian structural violence by creating horizontal bonds of solidarity, and they reverse dominant rhetoric by locating the source of harm not in the popular classes but rather in the realm of politics, the formal economy, and the affluent classes. The characters symbolically rectify their marginality by shaping positive identities for themselves, which sparks new ethical and moral discourses.
Forward and backward extended Prony method for complex exponential signals with/without additive noise

Abstract We introduce a new strategy for finding the pole locations of signals composed of complex exponentials, and incorporate this strategy into the “Forward and Backward Extended Prony” (FBEP) method. The performance of the proposed method is investigated using statistical analysis and simulation experiments. Initial validation is accomplished using time-series data without additive noise, and the advantages of this method in accurately identifying both growing and decaying modes in moderate noise is then demonstrated by adding noise to the time-series data with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The FBEP method is compared with the TLS-Prony method and subspace-based methods by determining the mean squared errors (MSEs) of the frequency and damping factor estimates given by each method with comparing these to the corresponding Cramer–Rao (CR) bounds for white Gaussian noise cases. The FBEP method is also compared with a recent optimization-based iterative algorithm. The performance of the FBEP method using the pseudoinverse and Total Least Squares (TLS) approaches for different SNR is also studied. Previous polynomial methods are considered to be inferior to subspace-based methods (e.g., MODE, ESPRIT and Matrix Pencil) due to poor estimation accuracy under noise. As a polynomial method the FBEP method provides better performance than the MODE algorithm and comparable performance to the subspace-based methods that are well known for their accuracy and efficiency.
Abstract WP369: Case-Fatality of Cortical Superficial Siderosis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: Cortical superficial siderosis (CSS) is a neuroimaging biomarker of interest in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and represents hemosiderin deposition in the supratentorial sulci. CSS i...
A New Model for Dispersed Multi-Layer Oil-Water Flow

Flow patterns observed in near-horizontal oil-water two-phase flows are quite different from those in gas-liquid flows. Experience with gas-liquid flows suggests that the mechanisms governing the flow behavior are flow-pattern dependent. However, little attention has been given to modeling flow patterns observed only in liquid-liquid systems. Such flow patterns include an oil-in-water dispersion flowing on top of a water layer and the simultaneous flow of dispersions of water-in-oil and oil-in-water as separate layers. A new mechanistic model is developed for one such flow pattern in horizontal and near-horizontal pipelines. The model combined the two-fluid model used for stratified flows with the homogeneous model used for dispersed flows. This paper presents that model, and shows that the new model can predict the pressure gradient as well as the holdup. The model results are compared with those from two other models, the stratified flow model and the homogeneous model. The new model predictions are also compared with available experimental data. (author)
A-kinase-anchoring protein 1 (dAKAP1)-based signaling complexes coordinate local protein synthesis at the mitochondrial surface.

Compartmentalization of macromolecules is a ubiquitous molecular mechanism that drives numerous cellular functions. The appropriate organization of enzymes in space and time enables the precise transmission and integration of intracellular signals. Molecular scaffolds constrain signaling enzymes to influence the regional modulation of these physiological processes. Mitochondrial targeting of protein kinases and protein phosphatases provides a means to locally control the phosphorylation status and action of proteins on the surface of this organelle. Dual-specificity protein kinase A anchoring protein 1 (dAKAP1) is a multivalent binding protein that targets protein kinase A (PKA), RNAs, and other signaling enzymes to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Many AKAPs recruit a diverse set of binding partners that coordinate a broad range of cellular processes. Here, results of MS and biochemical analyses reveal that dAKAP1 anchors additional components, including the ribonucleoprotein granule components La-related protein 4 (LARP4) and polyadenylate-binding protein 1 (PABPC1). Local translation of mRNAs at organelles is a means to spatially control the synthesis of proteins. RNA-Seq data demonstrate that dAKAP1 binds mRNAs encoding proteins required for mitochondrial metabolism, including succinate dehydrogenase. Functional studies suggest that the loss of dAKAP1–RNA interactions reduces mitochondrial electron transport chain activity. Hence, dAKAP1 plays a previously unappreciated role as a molecular interface between second messenger signaling and local protein synthesis machinery.
Reclaimed wastewater as a viable water source for agricultural irrigation: A review of food crop growth inhibition and promotion in the context of environmental change

Abstract The geographical and temporal distribution of precipitation has and is continuing to change with changing climate. Shifting precipitation will likely require adaptations to irrigation strategies, and because 35% of rainfed and 60% of irrigated agriculture is within 20 km of a wastewater treatment plant, we expect that the use of treated wastewater (e.g., reclaimed wastewater) for irrigation will increase. Treated wastewater contains various organic and inorganic substances that may have beneficial (e.g., nitrate) or deleterious (e.g., salt) effects on plants, which may cause a change in global food productivity should a large change to treated wastewater irrigation occur. We reviewed literature focused on food crop growth inhibition or promotion resulting from exposure to xenobiotics, engineered nanoparticles, nitrogen, and phosphorus, metals, and salts. Xenobiotics and engineered nanoparticles, in nearly all instances, were detrimental to crop growth, but only at concentrations much greater than would be currently expected in treated wastewater. However, future changes in wastewater flow and use of these compounds and particles may result in phytotoxicity, particularly for xenobiotics, as some are present in wastewater at concentrations within approximately an order of magnitude of concentrations which caused growth inhibition. The availability of nutrients present in treated wastewater provided the greatest overall benefit, but may be surpassed by the detrimental impact of salt in scenarios where either high concentrations of salt are directly deleterious to plant development (rare) or in scenarios where soils are poorly managed, resulting in soil salt accumulation.
Development of a comprehensive inventory of community participation for individuals with psychiatric disabilities.

OBJECTIVE The social lives of individuals with psychiatric conditions are often characterized by isolation and a lack of meaningful engagement in communities of their choice. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a comprehensive and multidimensional measure of community participation for use in research, evaluation, and service provision. METHOD We conducted this study in phases beginning with conceptual activities and culminating in the psychometric testing of the reliability and validity of the Inventory of Community Participation for individuals with Mental Health conditions (ICP-MH). Data were collected from a total of 301 participants using a variety of legacy and newly constructed items as well as a subscale using narrative vignettes, all designed to assess levels of community participation. Data were analyzed using both classical test and item response theory approaches. RESULTS Statistical analyses suggest excellent internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity. The novel approach of vignettes to depict community participation was well-received and suggests a subscale with excellent psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE We conceptualized, operationalized and assessed tested a multidimensional scale of community participation utilizing both traditional and novel assessment methods. The ICP-MH assesses essential objective and subjective factors of community participation and can provide valuable data to test the effectiveness of community-oriented interventions, as well as information which can be used to guide treatment and services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Is your own team against you? Implicit bias and interpersonal regard in criminal defense

Racial disparities in conviction and incarceration have been lamentable features of legal systems for a long time. Research has addressed the attitudes and decisions of police, prosecutors, jurors,...