cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimization of conduits' shape in micro heat exchangers

Abstract An approximate theory is derived to compute the thermal resistances of flat plate micro heat exchangers whose surfaces are heated with uniform flux. It is demonstrated that the thermal resistance can be minimized by proper selection of uniform conduit geometry. Further reductions in the maximum heated surface temperature and in the heated surface temperature gradients can be achieved by varying the conduit's cross-sectional dimensions as a function of the axial coordinate. This paper illustrates that a conduit's shape can be customized so as to achieve desired objectives.
Fabrication of Mo/Cu multilayer and bilayer transition edge sensors

We are developing cryogenic high-resolution X-ray, Gamma-ray and neutron spectrometers based on superconducting Mo/Cu transition edge sensors. Here we discuss the sensor design for different applications, present the photolithographic fabrication techniques, and outline future detector development to increase the spectrometer sensitivity.
Analysis of via impedance variations with a Polynomial Chaos method

In this paper, we propose a systematic framework for the optimization and analysis of the equivalent characteristic impedance of practical via structures. The framework consists of (a) optimizing via structures for impedance matching using a Genetic algorithm, and (b) numerically characterize, by Polynomial Chaos (PC) method, the sensitivity of the equivalent characteristic impedance to the manufacturing uncertainties in the various geometrical parameters of a via structure. The PC method can be effectively used to compute important statistical information, such as moments, probabilities and sensitivities with respect to the design variables. The PC method is straightforward to implement, and can be orders of magnitude faster than the traditional Monte Carlo (MC) method. The proposed framework naturally leads to a rigorous methodology for EM design/control in the presence of multiple sources of uncertainty.
Inhibition of redox/Fyn/c-Cbl pathway function by Cdc42 controls tumour initiation capacity and tamoxifen sensitivity in basal-like breast cancer cells

We found that basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells use Cdc42 to inhibit function of the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl (RFC) pathway, which normally functions to convert small increases in oxidative status into enhanced degradation of c-Cbl target proteins. Restoration of RFC pathway function by genetic or pharmacological Cdc42 inhibition enabled harnessing of pro-oxidant effects of low µM tamoxifen (TMX) concentrations - concentrations utilized in trials on multiple tumour types - to suppress division and induce death of BLBC cells in vitro and to confer TMX sensitivity in vivo through oestrogen receptor-α-independent mechanisms. Cdc42 knockdown also inhibited generation of mammospheres in vitro and tumours in vivo, demonstrating the additional importance of this pathway in tumour initiating cell (TIC) function. These findings provide a new regulatory pathway that is subverted in cancer cells, a novel means of attacking TIC and non-TIC aspects of BLBCs, a lead molecule (ML141) that confers sensitivity to low µM TMX in vitro and in vivo and also appear to be novel in enhancing sensitivity to a non-canonical mode of action of an established therapeutic agent.
EuroQol (EQ-5D) measure of quality of life predicts mortality, emergency department utilization, and hospital discharge rates in HIV-infected adults under care.

Health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) is a relevant and quantifiable outcome of care. We implemented HR-QOL assessment at all primary care visits at UCSD Owen Clinic using EQ-5D. The study aim was to estimate the prognostic value of EQ-5D for survival, hospitalization, and emergency department (ED) utilization after controlling for CD4 and HIV plasma viral load (pVL). We conducted a retrospective analysis of HIV clinic based cohort (1996–2000). The EQ-5D includes single item measures of: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each item is coded using 3-levels (1 = no problems; 2 = some problems; 3 = severe problems). The instrument includes a global rating of current health using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (worst imaginable) to 100 (best imaginable). An additional single item measure of health change (better, much the same, worse) was included. A predicted VAS (pVAS) was estimated by regressing the 5 EQ-5D health states on VAS using reference cell coding of health states and random effects linear models. Survival models were fit using Cox modelling. Hospitalization and ED rate models were estimated using population-averaged Poisson models. 965 patients met eligibility criteria. 12% were female; 42% were non-white. Median time-at-risk was 1.2 years. Median CD4 was 233. Median log10(pVL) was 4.6. 47 deaths occurred. In two Cox models controlling for CD4 and pVL, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for VAS and pVAS as time-varying covariates were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63–0.83) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.56–0.77) respectively, for every 10 point increase in (p)VAS rating. In Poisson regression models predicting ED visit rates and hospital discharge rates controlling for current CD4 and pVL, each of the EQ-5D health dimensions, VAS, and health change items were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the outcomes. For ED visit rates, the adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were 0.86 (0.83–0.89) and 0.79 (0.75–0.82) for VAS and pVAS, respectively. For hospital discharge rates, the aIRR's were 0.85 (0.82–0.88) and 0.79 (0.75–0.82) for VAS and pVAS, respectively. EQ-5D is a brief and prognostically useful predictor of mortality, hospitalization, and ED utilization among adults under care for HIV infection, even after adjusting for CD4 and HIV plasma viral load.
Treatments for premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a regularly recurring cluster of mood and somatic symptoms, occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 20–40% of women have some premenstrual symptoms.1 In ~5% of women of reproductive age, the symptoms are severe enough to seriously disrupt their lives and relationships,2 thereby meeting the DSM-IV criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Despite the prevalence of PMDD, its cause is uncertain. Nutritional, hormonal and neurotransmitter imbalances have all been implicated. Because of the substantial placebo response in this disorder,3 uncontrolled studies have led to an abundance of claims for treatments that have not been substantiated. Some controlled studies have shown benzodiazepines to be effective4 but, because of the side effects and risks of addiction and abuse, many physicians are reluctant to prescribe them. Surgical or medical induction of an anovulatory state is also effective,5,6 but the resultant low oestrogen state can increase the risks for cardiac disease and osteoporosis. Following is a discussion of several placebo-controlled, double-blinded studies of other therapies which appear to be promising. They include continuous and intermittent use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), calcium supplementation and chaste berry extract.
Miniaturized UWB bandpass filters integrated with notch filters using a silicon-based integrated passive device technology

This paper reports on the implementation of miniaturized UWB filters with low loss, steep rejection, and spurious-free response on a silicon substrate. A UWB filter is demonstrated with an insertion loss of less than 1 dB, 3 dB bandwidth of 7.25 GHz, attenuation of more than 30 dB in both the lower (10 MHz–2.6 GHz) and the upper (12 GHz–20 GHz) stop-bands, occupying only 2.9 mm × 2.4 mm of die area. In addition, a novel design is proposed for the implementation of a narrowband notch filter, which can be integrated with UWB bandpass filters for rejecting strong in-band interferences. A UWB filter integrated with a notch filter is presented having a total footprint of 4.6 mm × 2.9 mm. The notch filter centered at 5.285 GHz provides a maximum attenuation of 23 dB with 10 dB fractional bandwidth of 7% to reject WLAN/WiMAX interferences. The temperature stability of the notch filter is better than 0.4 % in the temperature range of −30 °C to 70 °C.
Cohort study of neurocognitive functioning and adaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Niemann‐Pick Disease type C1

Aim To describe the neurocognitive and adaptive behavior profile of children and adolescents with Niemann–Pick Disease type C1 (NPC1), a rare genetic disease that frequently presents in childhood, with variable onset and symptom complex involving neurodegeneration. Method Thirty-eight participants (20 males, 18 females; mean age 8y 10mo, SD 4y 8mo, range 1–18y) with NPC1 were evaluated through a natural history protocol. Results NPC1 severity was in the mild to moderate range for most participants. Cognitive scores (n=32) ranged from very low to above average; about half of the participants exhibited a clinically significant advantage of Verbal IQ over Non-verbal IQ. Adaptive behavior scores (n=21) were generally in the borderline to impaired range. Longitudinal cognitive data (n=19) suggested a pattern of decreasing scores over time. However, most participants remained at the same general level of functioning throughout the study. Interpretation This study begins to systematically describe the neurocognitive phenotype of children and adolescents with NPC1, identifying heterogeneity and decline, aiding in understanding the natural history of the disease to plan treatment studies.
An Outcome Study of Referrals to a Psychiatric Clinic

referral source and patient at the time of intake, he is in the best position to evaluate the nature of the relationship between them, as well as the expectations each holds regarding psychiatric help. In addition, the social worker is usually the team member who feels the greatest responsibility to help referral sources make the most appropriate use of clinic services, both in the kinds of patients they refer and in their help to these patients in the light of treatment recommendations following evaluation. His skill in assessing a situation at intake and in clarifying for referral source and psychiatrist what each is asking and what, in reality, each can expect of the other often makes the difference between psy chiatric success and failure.
Neurogenic Participation in Essential and Renovascular Hypertension Assessed by Acute Ganglionic Blockade: Correlation with Haemodynamic Indices and Intravascular Volume

SUMMARY 1. Neurogenic activity at rest was estimated from the immediate depressor response to intravenously administered trimetaphan in two groups of untreated hypertensive patients (thirty with essential hypertension and twenty with renal arterial stenosis). Responses were correlated with simultaneously determined haemodynamic functions and intravascular volume. 2. The two groups did not differ significantly in degree of response but the pattern of its correlations was different. In essential hypertension, the depressor response correlated directly with control total peripheral resistance (P< 0.005) and diastolic arterial pressure (P<0.025) and inversely with blood volume (P<0*02); data from seven age-matched normotensive subjects fell along the same regression lines. In renovascular hypertension, on the other hand, the response did not correlate with either pressure, resistance or volume. The results suggest the interference in renovascular hypertension of a factor or factors not evident in essential hypertension. Further, this approach indicates that different types of hypertension may differ more by the pattern in which physiological factors interrelate than by a disturbance of a single factor alone.
387 RAISING PERIPUBERTAL TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN FEMALE MACAQUES: FIRST PHASE OF A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF PERIPUBERTAL HYPERANDROGENEMIA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME.

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a syndrome of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and oligo-anovulation, is a major cause of infertility in American women. Observational studies suggest that women first develop PCOS in adolescence. Recent studies show that testosterone (T) levels are elevated in prepubertal obese girls in comparison with normal weight age and puberty-matched controls and this trend continues throughout puberty. Although insulin resistance is a common finding in PCOS and is implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOS, the causal role of T in the development of PCOS is less clear. Purpose of Study The long-term goal of our study is to determine whether raised peripubertal T levels in female macaques lead to the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian sequelae of PCOS. During the first phase of the study presented here our goals are threefold: to obtain normative data for peripubertal T levels in female macaques, to choose a raised T target range, and to devise a method for raising the T levels. Methods Used Sera obtained from five female macaques starting at prepuberty (age 12 months) and through menarche (average age 29 months) were used to determine normative T data. The commercially available RIA T assay DSL-4100 was used. We used surgically placed Silastic tube implants to raise T levels to target range in eight experimental animals. Six control animals were implanted with cholesterol-containing Silastic implants. Summary of Results The mean peripubertal T in female macaques was 0.36 ± 0.16 ng/mL. Since obese peripubertal adolescent girls have T levels 3 to 4 times the normal-weight controls, we chose a target T range of 0.12 to 0.16 ng/mL. Subcutaneously placed Silastic implants containing 5 mm of T:cholesterol (1:12 or 1:15) are used to achieve the target T range. Monkeys are phlebotomized weekly and the frequency of implant change (on average every 6 weeks) is determined by the serum T levels. Conclusions Peripubertal female macaques have a low circulating level of T, which can be raised reliably to a narrow target range with surgically placed Silastic tubes and close monitoring of resultant circulating T levels. We will maintain the raised T levels throughout puberty as we compare the T-treated animals9 ovarian changes (menstrual/ovarian follicles) and hypothalamic-pituitary parameters (LH pulse and response to GnRH/progesterone) with those in control animals. This work is supported by the following NIH grants: HD18185, DK007674-13, and RR00163.
Observation and Nursing of Naoxintong on Effect of Inflammation Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective:To explore the Naoxintong on the effect of inflammation therapy for the patients wih AMI and the nursing for it.Methods:25 patients with AMI have been treated with Naoxintong for three months,then determined the level of LI-18 and TNF-a in serum for the patients before and after treatment,and compare with the control group which be deal with regular treatment.Results:Compare with regular treatment group,There is no statistical significant difference of the mean value of LI-18 and TNF-a in serum in Naoxintong treatment group before treatment(P0.05),but they all decreased after treatment(P0.01),furthermore,which in Naoxintong treatment group are all lower than regular treatment group(P0.01). Conclusions:There is significant inflammatory reaction in patients with AMI,It could be improved after regular treatment,and better improvement if adding Naoxintong.On the nursing work,it must observe the LI-18,TNF-a and other proinflammatory indices for the patients carefully,and earlier found,earlier treatment.All the chose medicine must has the function to protect its endothelial function,and using the inflammation cure and other combined treatment properly,and then it could increase the long-dated curative effect for the patient and decrease the recurrence rate.
Design and discussion on drug research guidance system

Based on analyzing the guidance development approach and its situation,this article raises new thoughts on establishing a drug development technical guidance system conforming to both the situation of our country and globalized drug management and inspection trend.
Study on the Current Situation and Development Strategy of Human Resources in Forestry Sector on the Construction of Green West-strait

The article put forward the impaction of the forestry human resource structure optimization to modern forestry,and then proposed that comprehensively and accurately to grasp of the situation of cadres and workers of the Fujian Provincial Forestry system,and strive to build a contingent of high-quality human resource,that is the strong human security of Modern Forestry of the green west side of the strait.on the human resources(HR) and total units in different economic components,distribution structure and age structure,education levels,job structure and so on,the article discuss the green west side of the strait of the structure and change of the forestry human resource(HR),existing problems analyzed,meanwhile put forward the proposal and measures of the effective human resources(HR) development,which should focus on improving the level of human and structural adjustment of Forestry,Construction Forestry human resources(HR) development and life education system,focus on improving the ability to innovate,in order to achieve the effective development of human resources(HR).
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination for treatment of infertility

Empirical therapy for subfertility using assisted reproductive technologies recently has gained popularity; however, the cost-effectiveness of these therapies, compared with an untreated control group, has not been established. Similarly, there has been no comparative cost analysis of the utility of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI in the management of the same condition. Significant PRs in untreated couples with subfertility mandate the design and execution of controlled trials to ascertain the role of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI in infertility therapy. Various disorders of subfertility have been treated with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI. The rationale for this therapy is the increase in gamete density at the site of fertilization, as with GIFT and IVF when used for management of the same problems. The live birth rate per initiated cycle and risk of complications are similar to results recently reported for GIFT and IVF. The utility of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI still remains controversial. When the relatively low direct and indirect costs of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI are considered, acknowledging the lack of prospective, controlled studies, this procedure appears to be at least as cost-effective as GIFT and IVF.
Using Agrisure Corn Hybrids in Combination with Insecticides for Rootworm Larval Suppression, 2015

Corn rootworm management efficacy trials were conducted to evaluate transgenic insect-resistant hybrids and granular insecticide combination treatments near Bryant and Cavour in South Dakota. The study was arranged in an RCBD with four ∼50 foot long replications. Four row treatments were established using rows that were spaced 30 inches apart at planting-time. In-furrow liquid insecticide treatments were placed directly into the …
Characterization of Lamprey BAFF-like Gene: Evolutionary Implications

BAFF (TNF superfamily [TNFSF] 13B/Blys) and APRIL (TNFSF13) are important regulatory factors for lymphocyte activation and survival in mammals. A BAFF/APRIL-like relative called BAFF- and APRIL-like molecule (BALM) has also been identified in cartilaginous and bony fishes, and we report in this study a BAFF-like gene in lampreys. Our phylogenetic analysis of these genes and a related TNFSF12 gene called TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) suggest that, whereas an ancestral homolog of BAFF and APRIL was already present in a common ancestor of jawed and jawless vertebrates, TWEAK evolved early on in the jawed vertebrate lineage. Like mammalian BAFF and APRIL, the lamprey BAFF-like gene is expressed in T-like, B-like, and innate immune cells. The predicted protein encoded by this BAFF-like gene in lampreys exhibits higher sequence similarity with mammalian BAFF than APRIL. Correspondingly, we find BAFF orthologs in all of the jawed vertebrate representatives that we examined, although APRIL and/or BALM orthologs are not identifiable in certain jawed vertebrates. For example, BALM is not identifiable in tetrapods, and APRIL is not identifiable in several bony fishes or in birds, the latter of which also lack a TWEAK-like gene. Our analysis further suggests that a hybrid molecule called TWE-PRIL, which is a product of an in-genomic fusion between APRIL and TWEAK genes evolved early in mammalian evolution.
iLock: Immediate and Automatic Locking of Mobile Devices against Data Theft

Mobile device losses and thefts are skyrocketing. The sensitive data hosted on a lost/stolen device are fully exposed to the adversary. Although password-based authentication mechanisms are available on mobile devices, many users reportedly do not use them, and a device may be lost/stolen while in the unlocked mode. This paper presents the design and evaluation of iLock, a secure and usable defense against data theft on a lost/stolen mobile device. iLock automatically, quickly, and accurately recognizes the user's physical separation from his/her device by detecting and analyzing the changes in wireless signals. Once significant physical separation is detected, the device is immediately locked to prevent data theft. iLock relies on acoustic signals and requires at least one speaker and one microphone that are available on most COTS (commodity-off-the-shelf) mobile devices. Extensive experiments on Samsung Galaxy S5 show that iLock can lock the device with negligible false positives and negatives.
Impact of fetal growth on pregnancy outcomes in women with severe preeclampsia

Objective To estimate whether pregnancy outcomes in women with severe preeclampsia (sPE) with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses differ from those with sPE without SGA or isolated SGA.
Microbial volatile communication in human organotypic lung models.

We inhale respiratory pathogens continuously, and the subsequent signaling events between host and microbe are complex, ultimately resulting in clearance of the microbe, stable colonization of the host, or active disease. Traditional in vitro methods are ill-equipped to study these critical events in the context of the lung microenvironment. Here we introduce a microscale organotypic model of the human bronchiole for studying pulmonary infection. By leveraging microscale techniques, the model is designed to approximate the structure of the human bronchiole, containing airway, vascular, and extracellular matrix compartments. To complement direct infection of the organotypic bronchiole, we present a clickable extension that facilitates volatile compound communication between microbial populations and the host model. Using Aspergillus fumigatus, a respiratory pathogen, we characterize the inflammatory response of the organotypic bronchiole to infection. Finally, we demonstrate multikingdom, volatile-mediated communication between the organotypic bronchiole and cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There is a need for improved in vitro models of host-microbe interactions in the lung. Here, Barkal et al. present a microscale organotypic model of the human bronchiole for studying pulmonary infection, including volatile compound communication between microbial populations and host cells.
Creation of an External Ventricular Drain Registry from a Quality Improvement Project.

Background External ventricular drains (EVDs) are a serious source of morbidity and mortality. Data for interventions proven to reduce risk of infections are lacking. Single-center studies are limited in studying procedures that mitigate infection, but bundled protocols have demonstrated utility. A collaborative EVD registry was designed to facilitate local quality improvement projects to be implemented at any location using standardized data collection instruments through resident collaboration to reduce and study EVD infection and prevention. Methods A bundled protocol and comprehensive implementation program were developed as a quality improvement project to reduce ventriculostomy-associated infections. Standardized data collection forms were created for multi-institutional participation in an EVD registry. Retrospective and prospective patient data were documented in an electronic procedural registry, which was designed to capture variation among multiple institutions. Results Two infections were found in 1924 EVD-days before protocol implementation; no infections were found in 700 EVD-days after protocol implementation. Baseline epidemiology of EVDs was calculated in preparation for comparison. A resident-driven EVD consortium, now with 5 other member institutions, was founded to collect data for an EVD registry fed by individual site quality improvement initiatives. Conclusions The ventriculostomy-associated infection rate at the University of Minnesota is low compared with the literature. Rationally bundled protocols have mounting evidence but do not allow for identifying effective individual components. Through the registry described here, others can join the EVD consortium to contribute data to facilitate comparative effectiveness research with minimal investment.
Chlamydia pneumoniae-induced tumour necrosis factor alpha responses are lower in children with asthma compared with non-asthma

Introduction Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of reactive airway disease and asthma. Innate cytokine responses that are protective of infection with intracellular pathogens may be impaired in patients with asthma. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine related to functions of monocytes and may inhibit C. pneumoniae infection. We investigated TNF-α responses in C. pneumoniae-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with asthma and non-asthma, and whether ciprofloxacin, azithromycin or doxycycline affects TNF-α responses. Methods PBMC (1.5×106) from paediatric patients with asthma (n=19) and non-asthmatic controls (n=6) were infected or mock infected for 1 hour with or without C. pneumoniae AR-39 at a multiplicity of infection=0.1, and cultured+ciprofloxacin, azithromycin or doxycycline (0.1 ug/mL) for 48 hours. TNF-α levels were measured in supernatants by ELISA. Results When PBMC from patients with asthma were infected with C. pneumoniae, levels of TNF-α were significantly lower than in subjects without asthma (48 hours) (5.5±5.6, 38.4±53.7; p=0.0113). However, baseline responses (no infection with C. pneumoniae) were similar in asthma and non-asthma (1.0±1.7, 1.1±1.2; p=0.89). When PBMC frompatiens with asthma were infected with C. pneumoniae+ciprofloxacin, azithromycin or doxycycline, TNF-α levels increased (25%–45%); this affect was not observed in PBMC from patients without asthma. Conclusions We identified differences in the quantity of TNF-α produced by C. pneumoniae-infected PBMC in asthma compared with non-asthma.
Water relations of woody perennial plant species

Aims: To describe the relation of various water status measures of woody perennial plants (predawn and midday stem and leaf water potential), to indices of physiological activity such as leaf conductance, vegetative growth and fruit growth and composition.Methods and results: Almonds were exposed to three levels of irrigation over three years, and midday stem water potential (SWP) and leaf conductance, collected at approximately weekly intervals, is reported for the third year of the study. A strong linear increase in both leaf conductance and trunk growth occurred with increasing SWP, and this relation was consistent both within and between treatments. A similarly positive linear relation was found between SWP and fruit size in pear, with a negative relation between SWP and fruit soluble solids and fruit color. In grapevine, SWP was found to be uniform across all lower canopy positions tested (trunk, cordon and near the base of current year shoots) and positively correlated to early season shoot growth even before irrigation treatments were applied. Midday SWP was found to be more sensitive than midday leaf water potential (LWP) for detecting treatment differences over the course of the season, but both were well correlated to average seasonal leaf conductance within and between irrigation treatments. Predawn SWP and LWP were not as well correlated to average seasonal leaf conductance, but the most important factor determining midday leaf conductance was wind speed, indicating that grape leaf stomatal responses are quite sensitive to this environmental factor.Conclusion: In a wide variety of woody crop species midday stem water potential (SWP) has been found to be a valuable tool for quantifying the degree of water stress experienced by the plant, and for understanding the physiological responses of the plant to water limited conditions. In grapevine, SWP detected irrigation differences over 1 month sooner than midday leaf water potential when the number of vines used and the number of samples taken were the same for both methods, and SWP had a higher correlation to leaf conductance than predawn leaf or stem water potential.Significance and impact of study: SWP as a standard method for quantifying water stress in grapevine and other crops will aid research in the development of reliable management practices to improve crop productivity and quality.
Interaction of propionate and lactate in the perfused rat liver. Effects of glucagon and oleate.

Abstract The uptake of propionate by the isolated perfused rat liver is not influenced by oleate or glucagon. However, glucagon does stimulate glucose production in the presence of 10 mm propionate and increases the incorporation of isotope from [14C]propionate into glucose. These observations have been interpreted to indicate a sparing of the metabolism of propionate in the citric acid cycle by endogenous materials. As others have noted, propionate inhibits gluconeogenesis from lactate in the perfused liver. Studies of the influence of glucagon and oleate on glucose production from a mixture of propionate and lactate suggest that glucagon is acting at some point in common with the metabolism of propionate and lactate, whereas oleate selectively stimulates gluconeogenesis from lactate.
Abstract 147: Targeting USP22 suppresses tumorigenicity and enhances sensitivity to cisplatin in cancer-initiating cells from lung adenocarcinoma through downregulating ALDH1A3

We previously found that loss of monoubiquitination of histone H2B (H2Bub1) was associated with poor differentiation and enhanced malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma. Herein, we investigated the expression and roles of USP22, an H2Bub1 deubiquitinase, in cancer-initiating cells (CICs) with stem cell-like characteristics from primary lung adenocarcinoma. CICs from patient-derived cancer tissues were isolated and characterized, and the association of USP22 with CICs was investigated using flow cytometry, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, Western blot, and fluorescence microscope assays. The impact of USP22 on stem cell-like characteristics and cisplatin resistance in CICs was examined by in vitro tumorsphere formation, in vivo transplantation, and apoptosis assays. We identified that USP22 is predominantly expressed in CICs, a subpopulation of cells with high expression of CD133 stem cell biomarker. The expression of USP22 in CICs is dramatically reduced upon serum-induced differentiation. Moreover, knockdown of USP22 significantly suppressed in vitro tumorsphere formation and in vivo xenograft growth in NOD-SCID mice. Notably, USP22 is dramatically elevated in tumorsphere cells that survived cisplatin treatment, while knockdown of USP22 significantly sensitizes tumorsphere cells to cisplatin. Interestingly, ALDH1A3, a dominant isoform of ALDH implicated in enhancing cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma, is significantly downregulated upon knockdown of USP22 in tumorsphere cells. Furthermore, knockdown of ALDH1A3 significantly sensitizes tumorsphere cells to cisplatin. Therefore, our data indicate that USP22 plays critical roles in tumorigenicity and cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma, and targeting USP22 may represent a potential therapeutic approach to eliminate CICs in lung adenocarcinoma through downregulation of ALDH1A3 expression. Citation Format: Keqiang Zhang, Xinwei Yun, Jinhui Wang, Melisa Bonner, Lu Yang, Jun Wu, Dan J. Raz. Targeting USP22 suppresses tumorigenicity and enhances sensitivity to cisplatin in cancer-initiating cells from lung adenocarcinoma through downregulating ALDH1A3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 147.
Methods and Algorithms for Control of a Thermocatalytic Hydrogen Sensor

Methods and algorithms for control of the operation of a thermocatalytic gas sensor are examined. The use of the data of the methods and algorithms decreases measurement errors and increases the sensor’s service life.
Linear criteria for hypotheses testing

Abstract In the present paper we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of linear consistent criteria.
Body surface area of female swine.

27. Holt Geometry. All rights reserved. Name. Date. Class. LESSON. 10-4. Practice A. Surface Area of 3. surface area of a right prism with lateral area L and base area B. S. L. 2B. 4. surface . Give your answers in terms of . 9. 2 in. 2 in. 10. a . understanding thermal relations between swine and their SA=970 W "633, where SA=swine body sur. Hence, part of the difference between Brody's. find the surface area of the rectangular prism. Name of Surface Area. 2009, TESCCC 08101l09 page 51 0f 84 . Circle: Surface Area or Volume Formula: 2. Surface Area and Volume of Spheres. 3 Find the volume and surface area. 2. . compare, and contrast the words lateral area, base area, and surface area. 2..
Approximation of wave action conservation in vertically sheared mean flows

Abstract We develop asymptotic expressions for wave action density and action flux, using an extension of Kirby & Chen (1989)’s perturbation solution for weakly-sheared currents allowing for a basic flow with Froude number F = U ∕ g h = O ( 1 ) but with weak vertical shear. The accuracy of the expressions for action density and flux is established by comparison to analytic results for a current with constant shear, and to numerical results for a field case involving a buoyant ebb-tidal plume with strong vertical shear and for a case involving a numerically determined profile for a wind-driven current. We compare our results to those from recent work of Quinn et al. (2017), and find unresolved discrepancies in that prior work. We provide additional suggestions for efficiently implementing the required extensions in coupled wave/circulation models using a Taylor series expansion based on conditions at peak frequency and direction. These results generalize the previous work of Banihashemi et al. (2017) to motions in two horizontal dimensions, and cover the determination of the wave action.
Engaging Students with Visual Stories: Using Infographics in Nursing Education

Abstract Infographics represent visual stories which engage and guide audiences to the realization of patterns, relationships, and conclusions. Infographics help capture attention and make complex knowledge understandable, making them a useful teaching-learning strategy. Although infographics can be effective to engage students, they are infrequently used because of educator inexperience with this technology. This article provides an overview for incorporating infographics in nursing education including evidence-informed step-by-step guidelines and resources for designing and sharing infographics.
(72) Examining the cost of the routine daily chest x-ray and identifying opportunities to limit redundancy in a pediatric ICU

Purpose: It is standard practice in our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit to perform routine daily chest x-rays on intubated patients. Recent recommendations by the American Thoracic Society suggest that that this practice does not benefit patients and leads to over-utilization of medical resources. The present study represents preliminary data concerning chest x-ray utilization in our unit, which was collected as part of a larger study investigating the role of bedside lung ultrasound for serial monitoring of lung pathology in pediatric patients. Methods: The data were collected from a 20-bed …
Snowdrift Landscape Patterns: An Arctic Investigation

Between 2012 and 2018 we mapped near-peak seasonal snow depths across two swaths covering 126 km in Northern Alaska using aerial structure-from-motion photogrammetry and lidar surveys. The surveys ...
Klassische Runge-Kutta-Formeln fünfter und siebenter Ordnung mit Schrittweiten-Kontrolle

Es werden neue, expliziteRunge-Kutta-Formeln funfter und siebenter Ordnung hergeleitet. Diese Formeln enthalten eine Schrittweiten-Kontrolle, die auf einer vollstandigen Erfassung des ersten Gliedes des lokalen Abbruchfehlers basiert. Die Formeln erfordern-pro Integrationsschritt-weniger Auswertungen der Differentialgleichungen als andereRunge-Kutta-Formeln entsprechender Ordnung, wenn bei letzteren ebenfalls eine Schrittweiten-Kontrolle (Richardson's extrapolation to the limit) verwendet wird. Durch geeignete Wahl einiger Parameter kann in unseren Formeln das erste Glied des Abbruchfehlers stark reduziert werden; dadurch wird eine Vergroserung der Schrittweite-ohne Verlust an Genauigkeit-ermoglicht. Ein numerisches Beispiel wird gebracht. Bei gleicher Genauigkeit ergeben unsere Formeln in diesem Beispiel 40% bis 60% Ersparnis an Rechenzeit, verglichen mit den bekanntenRunge-Kutta-Formeln gleicher Ordnung.
THE HIDDEN BEAUTY OF THE QUADRATIC MARKET SCORING RULE: A UNIFORM LIQUIDITY MARKET MAKER, WITH VARIATIONS

For some applications, prediction markets that rely entirely on voluntary transactions between individual participants may provide insufficient liquidity to aggregate information effectively, especially where the number of participants is small. A solution to this problem is to rely on an automated market maker, which allows participants to buy from or sell to the house. Robin Hanson has described a class of automated market makers called market scoring rules. This Article examines a member of this class that has received little attention, the quadratic market scoring rule. Its prime virtue is that it provides uniform liquidity across the probability or prediction spectrum. Market participants will thus have the same incentive to do research that is expected to produce an expected change in the market prediction, regardless of the current prediction. Formulas are provided for implementing the quadratic market scoring rule, as well as variations, for example to implement conditional markets.
Kif9 is an active kinesin motor required for ciliary beating and proximodistal patterning of motile axonemes

Abstract Most motile cilia have a stereotyped structure of nine microtubule outer doublets and a single central pair of microtubules. The central pair microtubules are surrounded by a set of proteins, termed the central pair apparatus. A specific kinesin, Klp1 projects from the central pair and contributes to ciliary motility in Chlamydomonas. The vertebrate orthologue, Kif9 is required for beating in mouse sperm flagella, but the mechanism of Kif9/Klp1 function remains poorly defined. Here, using Xenopus epidermal multiciliated cells, we show that Kif9 is necessary for ciliary motility as well as leads to defects in the distal localization of not only central pair proteins, but also radial spokes and dynein arms. In addition, single-molecule assays in vitro revealed that Xenopus Kif9 is a processive motor, though like axonemal dyneins it displays no processivity in ciliary axonemes in vivo. Thus, our data suggest that Kif9 plays both indirect and direct role in ciliary motility.
Addressing the low-carbon million-gigawatt-hour energy storage challenge

Abstract The energy system of the United States requires several million gigawatt hours of energy storage to meet variable demand for energy driven by (1) weather (heating and cooling), (2) social patterns (daily and weekday/weekend) of work, play and sleep, (3) weather-dependent energy production (wind and solar) and (4) industrial requirements. In a low-carbon world, four storage options can meet this massive requirement at affordable costs: nuclear fuels, heat storage, hydrocarbon liquids made from biomass, and hydrogen. Because of the different energy sector characteristics (electrical supply, transportation, commercial, and industrial), each of these options must be developed. Capital costs associated with electricity storage at this scale using, for example, batteries and hydroelectric technologies are measured in hundreds of trillions of dollars for the United States alone and thus are not viable.
Cryptococcosis in AIDS

Infection with HIV is the most common predisposing condition for developing cryptococcosis. This chapter focuses on aspects that are specific to the coinfection of HIV and Cryptococcus neoformans. These include clinical presentation, treatment regimens, alterations of the host immune response, and concerns about drug toxicities and interactions. Soon after the HIV pandemic was recognized in the United States and Europe, it became clear that cryptococcosis was an important opportunistic pathogen in patients with AIDS. C. neoformans infection in AIDS patients can either be the result of a newly acquired primary infection or alternatively constitute a reactivation of latent C. neoformans infection. Patients with AIDS who respond to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) show a greatly reduced incidence of opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis. Experimental evidence suggests that C. neoformans coinfection can affect HIV replication. Another factor that may affect HIV-infected patients’ ability to mount a successful antifungal host response is the common abuse of methamphetamine. This drug exposure facilitates intracellular replication and inhibits intracellular killing of C. neoformans and thus affects pathogenesis in these patients. The most common manifestation of cryptococcosis in patients with HIV infection is meningoencephalitis, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement is found in the vast majority of patients with AIDS in whom cryptococcal infection is diagnosed. The treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis is usually divided into three stages: induction, consolidation, and maintenance.
Realistic CPU Workloads through Host Load Trace Playback

This paper introduces host load trace playback, a new technique for generating a background workload from a trace of the Unix load average that results in realistic and repeatable CPU contention behavior. Such workloads are invaluable for evaluating various forms of distributed middleware, including resource prediction systems and application-level schedulers. We describe the technique and then evaluate a tool, playload, that implements it. Playload faithfully reproduces workloads from traces on the four platforms on which we have evaluated it. Both playload and a large set of host load traces are publicly available from the web at the following URL: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~pdinda/LoadTraces
Exploiting the commutativity lattice

Speculative execution is a promising approach for exploiting parallelism in many programs, but it requires efficient schemes for detecting conflicts between concurrently executing threads. Prior work has argued that checking semantic commutativity of method invocations is the right way to detect conflicts for complex data structures such as kd-trees. Several ad hoc ways of checking commutativity have been proposed in the literature, but there is no systematic approach for producing implementations.In this paper, we describe a novel framework for reasoning about commutativity conditions: the commutativity lattice. We show how commutativity specifications from this lattice can be systematically implemented in one of three different schemes: abstract locking, forward gatekeeping and general gatekeeping. We also discuss a disciplined approach to exploiting the lattice to find different implementations that trade off precision in conflict detection for performance. Finally, we show that our novel conflict detection schemes are practical and can deliver speedup on three real-world applications.
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Complicating Pacemaker Catheter Insertion

Transvenous pacemaker therapy was complicated by the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava and absence of the right superior vena cava. The correct diagnosis was made during life by venous angiography and enabled successful therapy to be instituted utilizing the transthoracic placement of pacemaker electrodes.
Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of great apes: variation in prevalence and timing of defects.

The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of great apes has the potential to reveal episodes of physiological stress in early stages of ontogenetic development. However, little is known about enamel defects of deciduous teeth in great apes. Unresolved questions addressed in this study are: Do hypoplastic enamel defects occur with equal frequency in different groups of great apes? Are enamel hypoplasias more prevalent in the deciduous teeth of male or female apes? During what phase of dental development do enamel defects tend to form? And, what part of the dental crown is most commonly affected? To answer these questions, infant and juvenile skulls of two sympatric genera of great apes (Gorilla and Pan) were examined for dental enamel hypoplasias. Specimens from the Powell-Cotton Museum (Quex Park, UK; n = 107) are reported here, and compared with prior findings based on my examination of juvenile apes at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (Hamman-Todd Collection; n = 100) and Smithsonian Institution (National Museum of Natural History; n = 36). All deciduous teeth were examined by the author with a ×10 hand lens, in oblique incandescent light. Defects were classified using Federation Dentaire International (FDI)/Defects of Dental Enamel (DDE) standards; defect size and location on the tooth crown were measured and marked on dental outline charts. Enamel defects of ape deciduous teeth are most common on the labial surface of canine teeth. While deciduous incisor and molar teeth consistently exhibit similar defects with prevalences of ∼10%, canines average between 70–75%. Position of enamel defects on the canine crown was analyzed by dividing it into three zones (apical, middle, and cervical) and calculating defect prevalence by zone. Among gorillas, enamel hypoplasia prevalence increases progressively from the apical zone (low) to the middle zone to the cervical zone (highest), in both maxillary and mandibular canine teeth. Results from all three study collections reveal that among the great apes, gorillas (87–92%) and orangutans (91%) have a significantly higher prevalence of canine enamel defects than chimpanzees (22–48%). Sex differences in canine enamel hypoplasia are small and not statistically significant in any great ape. Factors influencing intergroup variation in prevalence of enamel defects and their distribution on the canine crown, including physiological stress and interspecific dento-gnathic morphological variation, are evaluated. Am J Phys Anthropol 116:199–208, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A construction for orthorgonal arrays with strength t≥3

For any t and k with 2?t?k, there is a number e0=e0 (t, k) such that, for any positive number v and any prime power q there is an orthogonal array O(t,k;v,qe) for all e?e0. This is accomplished via a group-divisible design construction that converts arrays of large index to arrays of index unity; this is a generalization of a construction of Wilson in the case t=2.