cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral intervention for special insomnia populations: Hypnotic-dependent insomnia and comorbid insomnia

Abstract Background and purpose Patients with hypnotic-dependent insomnia and those with secondary (comorbid) insomnia have previously been regarded as being unsuitable for inclusion in studies of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This paper reviews CBT clinical trials that have mainly been published in the past 15 years with these two disorders. Patients and methods CBT studies that targeted patients taking sleep medication and exhibiting current insomnia qualified for hypnotic-dependent insomnia and patients with comorbid conditions that presented a high risk of producing insomnia, such as depression and chronic pain, were included as secondary insomnia. Results In recent years, studies in patients with hypnotic-dependent insomnia have shown that supervised hypnotic gradual withdrawal programs can reduce patients' use of hypnotic medications and, when combined with CBT, can also significantly improve parameters such as sleep-onset latency and sleep efficiency. Secondary, or comorbid, insomnia accounts for 60% of all cases of insomnia. A number of reports now show that CBT can lead to improvements in sleep efficiency, latency and quality in a wide range of medical and psychiatric conditions, with similar improvements being seen regardless of the primary disorder. Indeed, it is now believed that insomnia should not be considered as ‘secondary’ to other causes, pariticularly in patients with chronic illness. In these individuals, the secondary component of insomnia is likely to be greatly reduced, particularly by the time they are referred to a sleep specialist. Conclusions Previous theory-based beliefs that hypnotic-dependent insomnia and secondary insomnia were unresponsive to CBT intervention have been shown to be unfounded. Data support the psychological treatment of both these conditions.
Nyarroh of Bandasuma, 1885-1914: A Re-Interpretation of Female Chieftaincy in Sierra Leone

This study examines Nyarroh, a woman chief situated at the cusp of colonial penetration in what is today southern Sierra Leone. Nyarroh ruled a large, strategically located town and its surrounding villages from about 1880 to 1914. The documents which outline her public life have not previously been explored, yet they reveal the flexibility of gendered notions of political power and leadership in the region. Her life story allows us to look backward to precolonial Mendeland and forward to the colonial era, to consider the extent to which women's leadership and prerogatives were maintained or re-invented through colonial penetration and the nascent colonial state.
(2SR,3SR)‐2,4‐Dimethyl‐3‐hydroxypentanoic Acid

(2SR,3RS)-2,4-Dimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid solvent: 31 mL (0.22 mol) of diisopropylamine solvent: 14.4 g (0.20 mol) of 2-methylpropanal intermediate: 12.0 g of 5-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-2-(trimethylsiloxy)heptan-3-one (10.8 g, 41 mmol of ketone from a 90 : 10 mixture from Part A) product: (2SR,3RS)-2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid intermediate: α,γ,γ-trimethylbutyrolactone Keywords: addition, to CO; cleavage, oxidative; oxidation, miscellaneous; diisopropylamine; tetrahydrofuran; butyllithium (concd)
Interaction between Metabotropic and NMDA Subtypes of Glutamate Receptors in Sprout Suppression at Young Synapses

Recently, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) have been implicated in a cell contact-dependent suppression of sprouting in cultured Xenopus tectal neurons during an early period when neither AMPA/kainate (KA) receptors nor action potentials play a prominent role in cell-cell communication. We asked how the NMDA receptors function in the absence of the depolarizing effect of AMPA/KA receptor activity. We show that type II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) can operate synergistically with NMDA receptors in the absence of AMPA/KA receptor function to suppress an early neurite sprouting response of the tectal neurons. Calcium imaging with fluo-3 AM and morphological analyses after exposure to glutamate receptor antagonists show that a combination of AMPA/KA receptor and type II mGluR blockers mimics the decrease in intracellular free calcium in response to glutamate and the structural effects produced by NMDA receptor antagonists in these cultures. Patch-clamp analyses confirmed a decrease in NMDA receptor-mediated currents with type II mGluR blockade, and 8-bromo cAMP application produced a decrease in NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx. These data suggest that type II mGluRs potentiate NMDA receptor function by decreasing cAMP levels in tectal neurons. We also show that NMDARs exhibit low magnesium sensitivity in tectal neurons during the first few days in culture. Thus both metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors can play a role in the contact-mediated suppression of ongoing sprouting at early neuron-neuron contacts before action potential activity.
A Note on Measures of Multivariate Kurtosis

We propose a measure of multivariate kurtosis suggested from Mardia's measure of multivariate skewness b 1,p , and examine its relationship both to Mardia's measure of multivariate kurtosis b 2,p , and to a smooth test of multivariate kurotis U 4 2
The temperature dependence of coercivity in cobalt-aluminum fine-particle ferromagnetics

A model based on coherent rotation has been developed to describe quantitatively the magnetic hardening exhibited by heat-treated beta -CoAl alloys. The coercivity of these fine-particle ferromagnets was measured over the temperature range from 77 to 757 K and correlated with the calculated values based on the proposed model. The model incorporates both crystal anisotropy constants, K/sub 1/ and K/sub 2/, as well as the shape anisotropy of the particles. The unusual minimum observed at elevated temperatures is predicted by the model and shown to derive directly from the interplay between the crystal and shape anisotropies of the elongated single-domain particles. The magnetic properties of the particles are shown to depend critically on the crystallography of the solid-state transformation and particle morphology, which were determined by transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. >
Biodiversity informatics

Motivation: Data about biodiversity have been scattered in different formats in natural history collections, survey reports and the literature. A central challenge for the biodiversity informatics community is to provide the means to share and rapidly synthesize these data and the knowledge they provide us to build an easily accessible, unified global map of biodiversity. Such a map would provide raw and summary data and information on biodiversity and its change across the world at multiple scales. Results: We discuss a series of steps required to create a unified global map of biodiversity. These steps include: building biodiversity repositories; creating scalable species distribution maps; creating flexible, user-programmable pipelines which enable biodiversity assessment; and integrating phylogenetic approaches into biodiversity assessment. We show two case studies that combine phyloinformatic and biodiversity informatic approaches to document large scale biodiversity patterns. The first case study uses data available from the Barcode of Life initiative in order to make species conservation assessment of North American birds taking into account evolutionary uniqueness. The second case study uses full genomes of influenza A available from Genbank to provide an auto-updating documentation of the evolution and geographic spread of these viruses. Availability: Both the website for tracking evolution and spread of influenza A and the website for applying phyloinformatics analysis to Barcode of Life data are available as outcomes of case studies ( http://biodiversity.colorado.edu). Contact: robert.guralnick@colorado.edu
THE ENDS OF (THE BRITISH) EMPIRE

The Empire of England, on which formerly the sun never set, has become one on which he never rises.—John Ruskin, “The Storm-Cloud of the Nineteenth Century” (1884)
Clinical Presentation of Pulmonary Mycetoma in HIV-Infected Patients

Study objectives Although pulmonary mycetoma has been well-described in immunocompetent hosts, the only description in HIV-infected patients has been of 10 patients from our institution, from 1992 to 1995. To further investigate the impact of HIV status on the presentation and course of pulmonary mycetoma, we conducted a follow-up study. Design Retrospective review of all cases of pulmonary mycetoma at Bellevue Hospital from 1992 to 1999. Setting Patients were evaluated on the inpatient chest service and in the outpatient chest and HIV clinics of Bellevue Hospital in New York City. Patients We identified 74 patients with pulmonary mycetoma; 20 of them were HIV-infected (27%). Interventions The 20 HIV-infected patients were treated with antiretroviral and/or antifungal therapy. Measurements and results Predisposing diseases were pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), or both TB and PCP. Seventeen patients had a CD4+ cell count of Conclusions PCP is a risk factor for pulmonary mycetoma in the HIV-infected individual. HIV-infected patients with mycetomas have a significant rate of disease progression, although they rarely have life-threatening hemoptysis. A combination of antifungal and antiretroviral therapy may improve the clinical outcome in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary mycetoma.
Dominant Firm Analysis In Terms of Competitive Three Adjustment Weights of Fringe Firm.

For regular upward sloping inverse supplies for the dominant and the fringe firms, this paper analyzes the dominant firm model by adjusting the marginal profit gap of the dominant firm based on its residual inverse demand. The findings are in terms of three adjustment weights of the fringe firm and the ratio of inverse supplies slopes. It derives all the off and on equilibrium formulae for the model. It also derives all the welfare formulae and finds that net societal benefit at the equilibrium may exceed the maximum societal net benefit this model can offer assuming the dominant firm acts as a competitive one. In other words, deadweight loss at its equilibrium can even be negative.
Chapter 2. Distributed system architecture model

We have presented a general multidimensional model for a distributed system architecture that, we believe, usefully serves to unify design issues, analysis, system organization, and should be useful in establishing standards for required interfaces. We have also introduced design goals and issues that will be discussed, along with details of useful mechanisms, further in later chapters. The central features of the model are that it emphasizes
A Goal-Oriented Framework for Rapid Integral-Equation Based Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from 3D Structures in Subsurface Sensing

This article introduces a goal-oriented framework for fast integral-equation based simulation of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from three-dimensional (3D) structures in subsurface sensing. The framework includes four approximate methods that are progressively more accurate, costly, and rigorous. Each method is used to approximate the method-of-moments solution of the integral equation and to evaluate/extract quantities of interest, e.g., signals detected at receivers. The error in these quantities of interest is estimated by comparing the results as more accurate methods are used. Numerical results for resistivity measurements of hydro-fractures that compare the solutions from the four methods to a rigorous FFT-accelerated method-of-moments solution show that (i) the accuracy of the different methods vary with the operating frequency and transmitter-receiver configuration of the measurement tool as well as the geometry and conductivity contrast of the 3D scattering structure relative to the background and that (ii) the proposed framework for estimating the error made by each method can identify the most efficient method from the four alternatives in various scenarios. Thus, the proposed framework is shown to be a promising candidate for fast inversion of EM measurements into 3D distributions of subsurface scatterers.
Leveraging Features of Human—Technology Teams to Support Mental Models in Future Soldier—Robot Teams

The future vision of military robotics is one in which robots will serve as integrated members of Soldier—robot teams. Robots will possess capabilities that will transition their role from function...
Incidentalomas in genomics and radiology.

The often-drawn analogy between incidental findings in genomics and radiology may give nonexperts a false impression of our ability to efficiently interpret genetic or genomic findings and to understand how they might affect a person's health.
Design of Insulation Dimension for ±500 kV DC Gas Insulated Transmission Line

Along with large-scale application of high-voltage power transmission and transformation equipment such as gas insulated transmission line(GIL),the dielectric strength of inner supporting insulators becomes important factor influencing secure and stable operation of the equipment.Two key influencing factors restricting the application of GIL in HVDC power transmission are charge accumulation along insulator surface and free conductive particles.Considering the two factors and by use of finite element analysis software,the insulation dimensions for ±500 kV DC GIL,including insulation dimensions of inner and outer diameters of GIL,inner and outer shielding electrodes and shield pits as well as the structural design of alumina-filled epoxy resin disc-type insulator,are designed.Besides,three principles for the structural design of outer form of disc-type insulator for DC GIL are proposed and in the design the influences of surface charge accumulation and metal particles on insulation level of GIL are considered.Designed results achieve anticipated targets;the distribution of equipotential lines is uniform,however,the insulation performance of designed results is to be further verified by experiments.
Promoting heart health for Southeast Asians: a database for planning interventions.

Abstract This paper is a report of baseline data that the authors collected on the prevalence of hypertension in a sample of 397 Southeast Asian immigrants residing in central Ohio and the implications of those data for the design of ethnically approved and scientifically valid interventions. The context for collection of these data over a 9-month period in 1989 is described. Baseline demographic characteristics including distributions by ethnicity, sex, age, and length of stay in the United States, as well as family heart health history, hypertension level, and heart health awareness of these subjects are presented. For example, 85 percent of the immigrants did not know what could be done to prevent heart disease. Implications for the design of ethnically approved and scientifically valid prevention strategies are discussed. Based on these data, the authors realized that multiple health education strategies tailored to what they were learning about Southeast Asians would be needed. Through Southeast Asian leaders, they were led to using wall calendars, with words specific to each Southeast Asian language, that had a monthly heart health slogan as one avenue to reach Southeast Asians. Another strategy was to develop videotapes featuring cultural content but including heart health "commercials." The authors concluded that, although scientific validity of risk reduction interventions are important, customizing these strategies to ethnically specific modes of interaction are equally important.
Whither NGOs and Democracy in Africa

NGOs play an important role in the African political economy. What role they actually play as opposed to what role they are supposed to theoretically play has been the subject of this analysis. Although NGOs and civil society may have an important theoretical role to play in the democratization of a country, in Uganda their role is still very limited by internal weaknesses, structural and historical limitations and regime barriers. NGOs and civil society in Uganda are not unique in this regard. In Zimbabwe, Kenya, Zambia, Ghana, the Gambia and Senegal few NGOs have established structures with wide participation (Wellard and Copestake, 1994, p. 290). In other words there is an assumption in the literature that NGOs, simply because they are NGOs, will promote and favour the empowerment of the poor, the decentralization of power and work towards more effective political participation. But as this analysis shows, this is not necessarily the case. Even in the more developed civil societies like Senegal and the Gambia (before the military coup), the record of NGOs in democratizing development has been blemished (Wellard and Copestake, 1994, p. 290). Similarly, most regimes co-opt opposition, restrict NGO activity that is deemed too political, and attempt to co-ordinate NGOs into a national development scheme.
Multiple perspectives on cognition in schizophrenia

Cognition in schizophrenia is a topic of major importance and steadily increasing interest. As evidence of this fact, the Mount Sinai School of Medicine Conference on cognition in schizophrenia has had increased attendance at each of its six meetings over the last 10 years. These meetings are official satellites of the International Congress on Schizophrenia Research, a meeting that has had skyrocketing attendance figures over the last decade. The articles in this issue of CNS Spectrum are among those presented at the latest Mount Sinai meeting, in April of 2003 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. One of the factors that has lead to the increased interest in cognition is a clearer appreciation of the functional relevance of cognitive impairments. Since functional deficits are a major source of the indirect cost of schizophrenia and a major source of the reductions in quality of life seen in schizophrenia, which are substantial, cognition has the potential to be a major point of intervention. In addition to “purely cognitive” impairments, patients with schizophrenia have deficits in what is typically referred to as “social cognition” as well. This ability area is defined as the ability to understand social cues and affective displays. It may serve as a critical intermediate function that mediates the performance of socially skilled acts.
Introduction to Skin Cancer: A Video Module

Abstract Introduction This introductory skin cancer video module engages novice health care professionals to make histological-clinical correlations for the three most common skin cancers: basal ce...
Organizing for marketing excellence

AbstractMarketing organization is the interface of the firm with its markets and where the work of marketing gets done. This review of the past 25 years of scholarship on marketing organization examines the individual and integrative roles of four elements of marketing organization—capabilities, configuration (including structure, metrics, and incentives), culture, and the human capital of marketing leadership and talent. The authors indicate that these four elements are mobilized through seven marketing activities (7As) that occur during the marketing strategy process. These activities enable the firm to anticipate market changes, adapt the strategy to stay ahead of competition, align the organization to the strategy and market, activate effective implementation, ensure accountability for results, attract resources, and manage marketing assets. How well the firm manages these seven activities throughout the marketing strategy process determines the performance payoffs from marketing organization. Future ...
Do Residents of Low-Income Communities Trust Organizations to Speak on Their Behalf? Differences by Organizational Type:

Low-income people of color in urban communities have been found to suffer from high levels of political inequality and poor political representation. To make policy more responsive and accountable,...
An integrated approach to offshore electricity transmission

In July 2010 the UK Government Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), together with the UK Office of the Gas and Electricity Markets E-Serve division (Ofgem E-Serve) set out their intention to consult further on the enduring regulatory regime for offshore electricity transmission. National Grid has undertaken a conceptual design exercise, examining an integrated onshore-offshore grid solution from multiple stakeholder perspectives. The results of this study indicate there are significant opportunities for design optimisation that yield capital cost savings of ~25%+; reduced planning, environmental and supply chain impacts; and "future proofing" the network for further evolution and European integration. (5 pages)
The Marvel Studios Phenomenon: Inside a Transmedia Universe

The Marvel Studios Phenomenon (2016) rigorously defines the history of an organization in both creative and industrial terms as it transitions from its inception in 1961 as Timely Comics to the cur...
Percutaneous Retrieval of IVC Filters With Struts Penetrating the Vertebral Body.

Introduction Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter penetration of the caval wall is a well-documented complication. Less frequently, the struts of an IVC filter can penetrate a vertebral body that can lead to symptoms of abdominal pain. Vertebral penetration poses a management challenge, and characteristics for successful endovascular retrieval of such filters has not been reported. Case description We present 2 cases of IVC filters with vertebral body penetration that were successfully retrieved through an endovascular approach. On preprocedure computed tomography, both patients had a small zone of osteolysis surrounding the penetrated struts into the vertebral body. The procedures were done via right internal jugular access using an Ensnare device. In one of the cases, the hangman technique was used to release the filter apex from the vessel wall. Both filters were able to be retrieved without using excessive force, follow-up venacavograms showed no sign of extravasation, and no postprocedure complications developed. Discussion Preprocedure CT imaging is essential prior to IVC filter removal if vertebral penetration is suspected. The zone of osteolysis seen around the struts in both cases are likely the result of constant cardiorespiratory motion of the filter. Based on the fact that in both cases the filter legs were able to be disengaged from the vertebral body without the use of excessive force, we hypothesize that if a zone of osteolysis surrounding the struts can be confirmed on preprocedural CT, the filter removal can be safely attempted by the standard percutaneous endovascular approach.
Regional Tissue Oxygen Extraction and Severity of Anemia in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Pilot NIRS Analysis.

Objective Anemia causes blood flow redistribution and altered tissue metabolic behavior to sustain homeostatic oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that anemia severity would correlate with increased regional fractional tissue oxygen extraction among premature neonates. Study Design Regional oxygen extraction was calculated using pulse oximetry and near-infrared spectroscopy data among neonates Results Twenty-seven neonates with gestational age 27 ± 2 weeks and birth weight 966 ± 181 g underwent 116 hematocrit determinations. Cerebral and flank oxygen extraction inversely correlated with hematocrit (cerebral r = −0.527, p = 0.005; flank r = −0.485, p = 0.01). Increased cerebral oxygen extraction was observed for the lowest three hematocrit quartiles (Q1 0.26 ± 0.08, p = 0.004; Q2 0.24 ± 0.09, p = 0.01; Q3 0.25 ± 0.09, p = 0.03; all compared with Q4 0.18 ± 0.10). Increased flank oxygen extraction occurred for the lowest two quartiles (Q1 0.36 ± 0.12, p Conclusion Increases in tissue oxygen extraction may indicate early pathophysiologic responses to nascent anemia in premature neonates.
Analyzing Quantitative Relationships Between Seabirds and Marine Resource Patches

Spatial relationships in the ocean form the bases for interpreting many aspects of seabird ecology. Spatial characterization enables the detection of foraging segregation among seabird species (e.g., Trivelpiece et al., 1987; Weimerskirch et al., 1988). Distances that seabirds commute to obtain food for their young (Adams and Wilson, 1987) and the proximity of suitable foraging zones to colonies (Anderson and Ricklefs, 1987) have implications for a large suite of seabird life history parameters: activity and energy budgets of adults (Prince and Francis, 1984; Cairns et al., 1987a), colony attendance (Gaston and Nettleship, 1982; Piatt et al., 1990), meal delivery to chicks (Ricklefs et al., 1985), chick growth rates (Shea and Ricklefs, 1985; Nelson, 1987), breeding success (Schaffner, 1986; Cairns, 1987a, b), energy flow (Wiens and Scott, 1975; Schneider and Hunt, 1982; Ricklefs, 1983; Wiens, 1984), timing of reproduction (Birkhead and Nettleship, 1987a, b), and even composition and locations of the colonies themselves (Springer and Roseneau, 1985; Springer et al., 1987).
Ex Vivo Visualization and Analysis of the Muscle Stem Cell Niche

Adult skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells, are essential for regenerating muscle after tissue damage. Satellite cells are located in a specialized microenvironment between muscle fibers and their surrounding basal lamina. This local niche serves as a compartment to preserve satellite cell function and provides signals that facilitate the rapid response to injury. Visualization of this local niche enables the elucidation of such niche-derived signals. Here, we describe techniques for isolating single myofibers with their associated satellite cells for ex vivo visualization and analysis of an intact muscle stem cell niche.
Brain-wide structural connectivity alterations under the control of Alzheimer risk genes

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of brain dementia characterised by gradual loss of memory. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified some AD risk genes, but their relationship with the brain-wide network breakdown in AD remains unknown. Using the genotype and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, we performed a targeted genetic association analysis of three types of link measures, including fibre anisotropy, fibre length and density. For fair comparison, all link measures were normalised with zero mean and unit standard deviation. We focused on 34 AD risk SNPs identified in previous GWAS studies. After Bonferroni correction, rs10498633 in SLC24A4 was found to be significantly associated with anisotropy, total number and length of fibres. rs429358 in top AD risk gene APOE showed nominal significance of association with the density of fibres between subcortical and cerebellum regions.
Inability to obtain sperm for fresh IVF cycles: analysis and incidence of outcomes using a database from the United States.

Azoospermia is present in 10% of men presenting with infertility and surgical sperm retrieval rates for men with azoospermia due to spermatogenic dysfunction remain low. We investigated the incidence of failed fresh IVF cycles due to inability to obtain sperm and describe predictors for subsequent IVF. A national IVF database was used to identify fresh IVF cycles in which there was failure to obtain sperm. Patient linkage was utilized to determine outcomes of subsequent IVF. 243,291 fresh IVF cycles were identified; 719 (0.3%) listed “inability to obtain sperm” as reason for embryo non-transfer. Male infertility was a factor in 537 (75%) and ejaculation was the most common anticipated sperm source (414, 57%). 713 (99.2%) cycles resulted in retrieved oocytes, but only 627 (87.2%) cryopreserved oocytes. 265 (37%) of couples underwent subsequent IVF. On multivariable analysis, lack of initial oocyte cryopreservation (OR 0.34, p = 0.01) and male infertility (OR 0.14, p = 0.01) were associated with having no subsequent cycles. Partner sperm was used in 213 (80%) second cycles and sperm retrieval method was largely conserved (181/213, 85%). Embryos were transferred in 186 (70%) second cycles. Failed embryo transfers were due to repeat inability to obtain sperm in 5 (6%) cycles. Failure to obtain sperm during fresh IVF is rare, but most affected couples will not pursue further cycles of IVF after their initial failed attempt.
Abstract 6580: Proteogenomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cancer in women globally and is one of the few cancers for which mortality is increasing; to address the need to develop new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, we performed a comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of 95 endometrial carcinomas. We prospectively collected 83 endometrioid and 12 serous tumors, along with 49 normal tissue samples, for multi-omic characterization. Each sample underwent whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, total RNA and miRNA sequencing, and DNA methylation array analyses. In addition, we evaluated all samples for protein, phosphorylation, and acetylation levels using an integrated, isobaric tandem mass tag labeling–based quantitative proteomics workflow. This dataset, publicly available through the Genomic Data Commons, CPTAC data portal, and other sources, provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians. Our analyses of these tumors revealed, among other things, a potential role for circRNAs in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and new information about proteomic markers of clinical and genomic tumor subgroups, including relationships to known druggable pathways. We found possible new consequences of perturbations to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, particularly CTNNB1 hotspot mutations; moreover, from the genome-wide acetylation survey, we found potential regulatory mechanisms linking Wnt signaling and histone acetylation. Phosphorylation data analysis suggests an elevated DNA damage response in serous tumors, which we hypothesize may be targetable by certain FDA-approved drugs. We found that TP53 hotspot mutations play unique trans-acting roles as compared to the same mutations in colon and ovarian cancers. We also characterized aspects of the tumor immune landscape, including immunogenic alterations, neoantigens, common cancer/testis antigens, and the immune microenvironment, all of which can inform immunotherapy decisions; of particular translational interest, we identified a subset of patients who, despite having high amounts of microsatellite instability, exhibit biomarkers which suggest that immunotherapy would be an ineffective treatment for their disease. By integrating global measurements of protein abundance, phosphorylation, and acetylation with next-generation genomics and transcriptomics, we have provided novel insights into biological processes underlying the development of endometrial cancers and generated strong hypotheses for new approaches to personalized treatment of individuals with endometrial cancer. Citation Format: Emily A. Kawaler, Yongchao Dou, Daniel Cui Zhou, Marina A. Gritsenko, Karin D. Rodland, Li Ding, Bing Zhang, Tao Liu, David Fenyo, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. Proteogenomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6580.
FAA-NASA vs. Lane-Based Strategic Deconfliction

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and NASA have provided guidelines for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to ensure adequate safety separation of aircraft, and in terms of UAS Traffic Management (UTM) have stated[1]:A UTM Operation should be free of 4-D intersection with all other known UTM Operations prior to departure and this should be known as Strategic Deconfliction within UTM … A UTM Operator must have a facility to negotiate deconfliction of operations with other UTM Operators … There needs to be a capability to allow for intersecting operations.The latter statement means that UTM Operators must be able to fly safely in the same geographic area. The current FAA-NASA approach to strategic deconfliction is to provide a set of geographic grid elements, and then have every new flight pairwise deconflict with UTM Operators with flights in the same grid elements. Note that this imposes a high computational burden in resolving these 4D flight paths, and has side effects in terms of limiting access to the airspace (e.g., if a new flight is deconflicted and added to the common grid elements during this analysis, then the new flight must start all over).We have proposed a lane-based approach to large-scale UAS traffic management [2], [3] which uses one-way lanes, and roundabouts at lane intersections to allow a much more efficient analysis and guarantee of separation safety. We present here the results of an in-depth comparison of FAA-NASA strategic deconfliction (FNSD) and Lane-based strategic deconfliction (LSD) and demonstrate that FNSD suffers from several types of complexity which are generally absent from the lane-based method. This algorithm is based on optimization methods which form the core origins of artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence and QM/MM with a Polarizable Reactive Force Field for Next-Generation Electrocatalysts

Summary To develop new generations of electrocatalysts, we need the accuracy of full explicit solvent quantum mechanics (QM) for practical-sized nanoparticles and catalysts. To do this, we start with the RexPoN reactive force field that provides higher accuracy than density functional theory (DFT) for water and combine it with QM to accurately include long-range interactions and polarization effects to enable reactive simulations with QM accuracy in the presence of explicit solvent. We apply this RexPoN-embedded QM (ReQM) to reactive simulations of electrocatalysis, demonstrating that ReQM accurately replaces DFT water for computing the Raman frequencies of reaction intermediates during CO2 reduction to ethylene. Then, we illustrate the power of this approach by combining with machine learning to predict the performance of about 10,000 surface sites and identify the active sites of solvated gold (Au) nanoparticles and dealloyed Au surfaces. This provides an accurate but practical way to design high-performance electrocatalysts.
Evaluation of a novel metric for personalized opioid prescribing after hospitalization.

BACKGROUND The duration of an opioid prescribed at hospital discharge does not intrinsically account for opioid needs during a hospitalization. This discrepancy may lead to patients receiving much larger supplies of opioids on discharge than they truly require. OBJECTIVE Assess a novel discharge opioid supply metric that adjusts for opioid use during hospitalization, compared to the conventional discharge prescription signature. DESIGN, SETTING, & PARTICIPANTS Retrospective study using electronic health record data from June 2012 to November 2018 of adults who received opioids while hospitalized and after discharge from a single academic medical center. MEASURES & ANALYSIS We ascertained inpatient opioids received and milligrams of opioids supplied after discharge, then determined days of opioids supplied after discharge by the conventional prescription signature opioid-days ("conventional days") and novel hospital-adjusted opioid-days ("adjusted days") metrics. We calculated descriptive statistics, within-subject difference between measurements, and fold difference between measures. We used multiple linear regression to determine patient-level predictors associated with high difference in days prescribed between measures. RESULTS The adjusted days metric demonstrates a 2.4 day median increase in prescription duration as compared to the conventional days metric (9.4 vs. 7.0 days; P<0.001). 95% of all adjusted days measurements fall within a 0.19 to 6.90-fold difference as compared to conventional days measurements, with a maximum absolute difference of 640 days. Receiving a liquid opioid prescription accounted for an increased prescription duration of 135.6% by the adjusted days metric (95% CI 39.1-299.0%; P = 0.001). Of patients who were not on opioids prior to admission and required opioids during hospitalization but not in the last 24 hours, 325 (8.6%) were discharged with an opioid prescription. CONCLUSIONS The adjusted days metric, based on inpatient opioid use, demonstrates that patients are often prescribed a supply lasting longer than the prescription signature suggests, though with marked variability for some patients that suggests potential under-prescribing as well. Adjusted days is more patient-centered, reflecting the reality of how patients will take their prescription rather than providers' intended prescription duration.
Moral emotions and unethical bargaining: The differential effects of empathy and perspective taking in deterring deceitful negotiation.

Two correlational studies tested whether personality differences in empathy and perspective taking differentially relate to disapproval of unethical negotiation strategies, such as lies and bribes. Across both studies, empathy, but not perspective taking, discouraged attacking opponents’ networks, misrepresentation, inappropriate information gathering, and feigning emotions to manipulate opponents. These results suggest that unethical bargaining is more likely to be deterred by empathy than by perspective taking. Study 2 also tested whether individual differences in guilt proneness and shame proneness inhibited the endorsement of unethical bargaining tactics. Guilt proneness predicted disapproval of false promises and misrepresentation. Empathy did not predict disapproval of false promises when guilt proneness was included in the analysis. The comparatively private nature of the sin of false promises suggests that private ethical breaches are more likely to be deterred by anticipated guilt, while ethical breaches with clear interpersonal consequences are more likely to be deterred by empathy.
Current US Policy for Opioid Prescribing

The United States is in the throes of a prescription opioid epidemic responsible for more than 150,000 deaths over the past decade. In many ways, this is a historical retread of a story told previously in the late nineteenth-century United States, one of rampant prescription drug abuse and the sharp professional and governmental correction that ensued. Since that time, numerous federal regulations, treatment guidelines, and programs to reduce opioid-related harm have been established. In addition to federal initiatives, individual states have also relied on medical practice standards and prescription drug monitoring programs to curb addiction and misuse at a local level.
Non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis is a rapidly evolving, acute, life-threatening reaction that occurs rapidly on contact with a trigger. Anaphylaxis is classically defined as an allergen-driven process that induces specific IgE and the activation of mast cells and basophils through the cross-linking of IgE receptors. However, it is clear that non–IgE-mediated pathways can induce symptoms indistinguishable from those of classic anaphylaxis, and their activation could explain the severity of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Indeed, mast cells and basophils can be activated by antibodies against IgE or their receptors, by molecules such as anaphylatoxins, or through G-coupled receptors. Some other allergens can induce antibodies of class IgG that can activate neutrophils to produce a molecule similar to histamine to induce anaphylaxis. Finally, some inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin or prostaglandin can also modulate mast cell and basophil activation as well as directly cause vasodilation and bronchoconstriction, resulting in anaphylaxis-like reactions.
Othello’s Strange Celebrity: Race and Publicity in Early Modern Drama

This essay argues that strangers are the paradigmatic instance of celebrity in early modern England. Strangeness, in the sense of being from someplace else (“belonging to another country”; foreign, alien), excites redoubled attention, a kind of scrutiny to which more local figures are not usually subjected. Turning to Othello and the early modern book of characters, I ask questions about the lived, embodied experience of being made a figure of publicity in early modern London, arguing that it is in fact an exaggerated form of a much more broadly experienced urban phenomenon.
Heme Sequestration as an Effective Strategy for the Suppression of Tumor Growth and Progression.

Heme is an essential nutritional, metabolic, and signaling molecule in living organisms. Pathogenic microbes extract heme from hosts to obtain metallonutrient, while heme fuels mitochondrial respiration and ATP generation in lung tumor cells. Here, we generated small heme-sequestering proteins (HeSPs) based on bacterial hemophores. These HeSPs contain neutral mutations in the heme-binding pocket and hybrid sequences from hemophores of different bacteria. We showed that HeSPs bound to heme and effectively extracted heme from hemoglobin. They strongly inhibited heme uptake and cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, while their effects on non-tumorigenic cell lines representing normal lung cells were not significant. HeSPs strongly suppressed the growth of human NSCLC tumor xenografts in mice. HeSPs decreased oxygen consumption rates and ATP levels in tumor cells isolated from treated mice, while they did not affect liver and blood cell functions. Immunohistochemistry, along with data from Western blotting and functional assays, revealed that HeSPs reduced the levels of key proteins involved in heme uptake, as well as the consumption of major fuels for tumor cells, glucose and glutamine. Further, we found that HeSPs reduced the levels of angiogenic and vascular markers, as well as vessel density in tumor tissues. Together, these results demonstrate that HeSPs act via multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, to suppress tumor growth and progression. Evidently, heme sequestration can be a powerful strategy for suppressing lung tumors and likely drug-resistant tumors that rely on oxidative phosphorylation for survival.
Physical collections, virtual classes: creating digital access to anatomy models for remote learning

McCallum and Burt-Nicholas discuss the The College of DuPage library's project to make its nearly 300-item anatomical model collection accessible to anatomy and physiology students over summer 2020. This project began when the college courses and student services went virtual due to concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic. In the absence of access to the physical models collection, library media lab staff created images and recorded videos of anatomy and physiology faculty as they taught important model features. The library media lab supervisor was instrumental in designing a plan to capture photos and video with studio equipment from the media lab and to host the content on a third-party media platform that restricted access to the college community. This allowed faculty to focus on content expertise, while technical processes were handled by library media lab staff in consultation with college IT and instructional design experts.
Fallout of the Russian Financial Crisis for the Transition Economies

This volume has put forward a simple hypothesis: that the availability of saving in financial instruments that can be issued by the government, enterprises and investors is a critical requirement for positive economic growth and the absence of inflation. In the stabilization period, as noted in earlier chapters, the availability of saving was assured through attraction of foreign saving in the stocks and bonds of the transition economies. This was a successful strategy so long as the supply of foreign saving was sufficient to meet the transition economies’ demands. However, the shortcomings of this approach were made evident in the period surrounding the Russian financial crisis of August 1998
Performance assessment of data mining methods for loan granting decisions: a preliminary study

After the greatest financial debacle since the great depression, the need for accurate and systematic assessment of loan granting decisions has never been more important than now. The paper compares the classification accuracy rates of six models: logistic regression (LR), neural network (NN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), support vector machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and decision tree (DT) for loan granting decisions. We build models and test their classification accuracy rates on five very versatile data sets drawn from different loan granting decision contexts. The results from computer simulation constitute a fertile ground for interpretation.
Analysis of microtubule polymerization dynamics in live cells

The spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular microtubule polymerization dynamics, by numerous microtubule-associated proteins and other mechanisms, is central to many cell processes. Here, we give an overview and practical guide on how to acquire and analyze time-lapse sequences of dynamic microtubules in live cells by either fluorescently labeling entire microtubules or by utilizing proteins that specifically associate only with growing microtubule ends and summarize the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. We give practical recommendations for imaging conditions, and discuss important limitations of such analysis that are dictated by the maximum achievable spatial and temporal sampling frequencies.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF foraging AND malvolio IN HOST-FINDING BEHAVIOR IN THE HONEY BEE PARASITE, Varroa destructor (ANDERSON & TRUEMAN)

When a female varroa mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman), invades a honey bee brood cell, the physiology rapidly changes from feeding phoretic to reproductive. Changes in foraging and malvolio transcript levels in the brain have been associated with modulated intra-specific food searching behaviors in insects and other invertebrates. Transcription profiles for both genes were examined during and immediately following brood cell invasion to assess their role as potential control elements. Vdfor and Vdmvl transcripts were found in all organs of varroa mites with the highest Vdfor transcript levels in ovary-lyrate organs and the highest Vdmvl in Malpighian tubules. Changes in transcript levels of Vdfor and Vdmvl in synganglia were not associated with the cell invasion process, remaining comparable between early reproductive mites (collected from the pre-capping brood cells) and phoretic mites. However, Vdfor and Vdmvl transcript levels were lowered by 37 and 53%, respectively, in synganglia from reproductive mites compared to early reproductive mites, but not significantly different to levels in synganglia from phoretic mites. On the other hand, in whole body preparations the Vdfor and Vdmvl had significantly higher levels of transcript in reproductive mites compared to phoretic and early reproductive, mainly due to the presence of both transcripts accumulating in the eggs carried by the ovipositing mite. Varroa mites are a critical component for honey bee population decline and finding varroa mite genes associated with brood cell invasion, reproduction, ion balance and other physiological processes will facilitate development of novel control avenues for this honey bee parasite.