cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ground state nonuniversality in the random-field Ising model

Two attractive and often used ideas, namely, universality and the concept of a zero-temperature fixed point, are violated in the infinite-range random-field Ising model. In the ground state we show that the exponents can depend continuously on the disorder and so are nonuniversal. However, we also show that at finite temperature the thermal order-parameter exponent 1/2 is restored so that temperature is a relevant variable. Broader implications of these results are discussed.
Online Scheduling to Minimize Maximum Response Time and Maximum Delay Factor

This paper presents several online scheduling algorithms for two related perfor- mance metrics, namely maximum response time and maximum delay-factor, and also their weighted versions. The delay factor metric is new (introduced in Chang et al. (SODA'08)), while special cases of maximum weighted response time have been considered before. We study both the standard scheduling model where each arriving job requires its own pro- cessing, as well as the broadcast scheduling model where multiple requests/jobs can be simultaneously satisfied. Motivated by strong lower bounds, we consider the resource augmentation model intro- duced in Kalyanasundaram and Pruhs (JACM'95) where the algorithm is given a machine with faster speed than the adversary. We give scalable algorithms; that is, algorithms that when given (1+e)-speed are O(poly(1=e))-competitive for any fixed e > 0. Our main contributions are for broadcast scheduling. Along the way we also show that the FIFO (first-in-first-out) algorithm is 2-competitive for broadcast scheduling even when pages have non-uniform sizes. We complement our algorithmic results by showing that a natural greedy
Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Risk of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia and Cervical Cancer in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cohort Study.

Objective Recent research showed an increased risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to examine whether this risk was associated with the use of biologic versus nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Methods We identified RA patients in the US Medicaid and commercial insurance databases (for the years 2000–2012) who were starting treatment with either a biologic or a nonbiologic DMARD. High-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer was identified with a validated claims-based algorithm, and we assessed utilization of gynecologic procedures. To control for potential confounders, those starting therapy with a biologic DMARD were matched 1:1 to those starting therapy with a nonbiologic DMARD according to the propensity score (PS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and rate ratios (RRs) in the PS-matched Medicaid and commercial insurance cohorts were pooled by an inverse variance–weighted fixed-effects model. Results We included 14,729 pairs of patients initiating biologic and nonbiologic DMARDs from the Medicaid cohort and 7,538 pairs from the commercial insurance cohort. During 73,389 person-years of active treatment with either biologic or nonbiologic DMARDs, 95 cases of high-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer occurred in the 2 cohorts. The HR for high-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer associated with biologic DMARD use was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.78–2.01) in the Medicaid cohort and 1.63 (95% CI 0.62–4.27) in the commercial insurance cohort, with a pooled HR of 1.32 (95% CI 0.86–2.01). The rate of gynecologic procedures involving the uterine cervix was not different between the 2 groups (pooled RR 0.96 [95% CI 0.90–1.02]). Conclusion Among women with RA, initiation of therapy with a biologic DMARD was associated with a numerically significant, but not statistically significant, increase in the risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer as compared to initiation of a nonbiologic DMARD.
Transmission of Knowledge and Book Preservation in the Ṭayyibī Ismāʿīlī Tradition

The transmission and preservation of knowledge in Ṭayyibī Ismāʿīlism are constrained by the restrictions imposed by the state of satr (concealment) of the imam. During this period, until the return of the concealed imam, it is the duty of daʿwa officials to preserve the esoteric knowledge known as the bāṭin. As a result, only initiated believers are granted access to religious literature, and then, only to what is appropriate for the degree of knowledge they have reached. The preservation and dissemination of the religious heritage of the Ṭayyibī Ismāʿīlis is therefore intertwined with and determined by access to the literature as granted to students of the faith, depending on the student’s level of religious education.
A new method of guidance control for autonomous rendezvous in a cluttered space environment

[Abstract] This paper addresses a new concept of autonomous guidance for close proximity operations in space. A potential function is developed with the intent that a minimum occurs at a desired relative position. A control law is then used to account for the dynamic effects and ensure the path generated is obstacle free. CW maneuvers are used to traverse solutions provided from the guidance algorithm. Trajectories are shown for a variety of situations in which a completely autonomous spacecraft can rendezvous with a cooperative satellite in an unspecified amount of time. A comparison is made between the new algorithm and traditional APFG methods by examining the total impulse thrusts and time of flight. It is shown that the new algorithm is more fuel efficient and has a shorter time of flight than traditional APFG methods.
Radiation and Thermal Effects in Zeolite-NaY

Zeolite-NaY is susceptible to both irradiation- and thermally-induced amorphization. Amorphized zeolite-NaY loses approximately 95 percent of its ion exchange capacity for cesium due to the loss of exchangeable cation species and /or the blockage of access to exchangeable cation sites. A secondary phase was formed during the ion exchange reaction with cesium. The Cs-exchanged zeolite-NaY phase has a slightly higher thermal stability than the unexchanged zeolite-NaY. A desorption study indicated that the amorphization of cesium-loaded zeolite-NaY enhances the retention capacity of Cs due to the closure of structural channels.
Elastic velocity anisotropy in the presence of an anisotropic initial stress

Abstract The effect of a homogeneous anisotropic initial stress on the propagation of infinitesimal amplitude elastic body waves in a perfectly elastic, homogeneous medium is investigated. If the medium is inherently isotropic in the reference configuration and if the magnitude τ 0 of the deviatoric part of the initial static stress is small compared to the rigidity μ of the medium, then the apparent body-wave velocities of P waves are unaffected by the initial stress to first order in τ 0 /μ. The apparent body-wave velocities of S waves are rendered anisotropic to first order, and this effect is described explicitly. It is concluded that the direct effect of an anisotropic initial stress cannot contribute appreciably to the observed velocity anisotropy of horizontally propagating P waves in the oceanic upper mantle. Those observations require an inherent elastic anisotropy of the oceanic uppermantle material.
MODELING, LEARNING AND REASONING ABOUT PREFERENCE TREES OVER COMBINATORIAL DOMAINS

OF DISSERTATION MODELING, LEARNING AND REASONING ABOUT PREFERENCE TREES OVER COMBINATORIAL DOMAINS In my Ph.D. dissertation, I have studied problems arising in various aspects of preferences: preference modeling, preference learning, and preference reasoning, when preferences concern outcomes ranging over combinatorial domains. Preferences is a major research component in artificial intelligence (AI) and decision theory, and is closely related to the social choice theory considered by economists and political scientists. In my dissertation, I have exploited emerging connections between preferences in AI and social choice theory. Most of my research is on qualitative preference representations that extend and combine existing formalisms such as conditional preference nets, lexicographic preference trees, answer-set optimization programs, possibilistic logic, and conditional preference networks; on learning problems that aim at discovering qualitative preference models and predictive preference information from practical data; and on preference reasoning problems centered around qualitative preference optimization and aggregation methods. Applications of my research include recommender systems, decision support tools, multi-agent systems, and Internet trading and marketing platforms.
On the Expansion of Operator Fuzzy Logic

based on operator fuzzy logic, the definitions of intuition operator fuzzy logic are proposed and their properties are consequently studied in this paper.
Alexander Dugin’s ‘times of troubles’ as paradigms of Russian history

Alexander Dugin, the seminal philosopher and journalist in post-Soviet Russia, was especially influential in the late Yeltsin/early Putin era. His visions of Russian history and the relationship between past and present reflect the views of many ethnic Russians who became quite disappointed with the results of the post-Soviet transformation. Dugin believed the collapse of the state was a temporary setback, one of many in Russia’s long history, when a collapse usually led to a new glorious rise. The current ‘Time of Trouble’ is a good example; as a matter of fact, Russia has had not one but many ‘Times of Troubles’. (‘Time of Trouble’ is the term that had been used by both pre-Revolutionary and Soviet historians. In its strict historical meaning, the event covered the period from the end of the sixteenth century to 1613.)
Assessing the use of the IUGA/ICS classification system for prosthesis/graft complications in publications from 2011 to 2015

Complications of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence surgery have gained increasing attention from both lay media and medical societies. The International Urogynecological Association and International Continence Society proposed the category–time–site system to classify complications in 2011. Our objective is to assess the usage of the category–time–site system in the literature. We conducted a systematic review and identified records using PubMed search terms “mesh” and “prolapse or incontinence” and “complication or excision” (February 2011 to December 2015) to select publications following the introduction of category–time–site system. Relevant publications were included and reviewed for study design, initial procedure, number of patients assigned codes, number of unique codes applied, purpose of assigning codes, and duration of clinical follow-up. Of 167 eligible records, 23 (14 %) used the system, 137 (82 %) used no system, and 7 (4 %) used another system. They included three study designs: randomized control trials, case reports, and case series. Given the very limited amount of data, no statistical tests were performed, but trends were noted. Fourteen percent of the reports in the literature describing complications related to prosthesis/graft use in pelvic surgery utilize the category–time–site system. The system’s limited and inconsistent use hinders the ability to draw conclusions useful for clinical practice. Effort should be directed toward improving appropriate usage or revising the system to increase its exposure in related publications. An improved system will better prepare pelvic surgeons for assessing future generations of prostheses/grafts.
High electric field atmospheric breakdown of air at high frequency for large gaps

Breakdown of air at atmospheric pressure in high frequency uniform electric fields and large gaps is discussed. In the high frequency band of a few MHz to few tens of MHz, the breakdown threshold voltage is lowered from its DC value due to enhanced space charge from ions that become trapped in the gap.1 While there is some literature concerning breakdown in this frequency range, it does not consider gaps larger than 1 cm.2
Abstract C27: Cervical cytology screening patterns among low-income, minority adolescents in New York City following the 2009 ACOG guidelines

Objectives: In 2009, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) issued new guidelines for cervical cancer screening to begin at age 21 based on the low incidence of cancer and the adverse effects associated with follow-up of abnormal screening results in young women. It is unclear whether low-income, minority adolescent girls, often presenting with higher risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer, are screened according to current guidelines. In this study, we examine rates of first lifetime Papanicolaou (Pap) test and predictors of first screening at Methods: We compared rates of first lifetime Pap test between June 2007-November 2009 (pre-guideline) and December 2009-June 2012 (post-guideline). Data were obtained from electronic health records of adolescent females (ages 13-20) who had at least one clinic visit within the ambulatory care network during each study period and no Pap tests before each study period (pre-guideline: n=7,700; post-guideline: n=9,637). Clinic sites included pediatric, family medicine, family planning, obstetrics, gynecology, or school-based health facilities. We examined screening rates in each study period by demographic characteristics, health care factors, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing history, and HPV vaccination status. We employed multivariable regression models to identify demographic and health care factors associated with receiving a first lifetime Pap test at Results: Rates of first lifetime Pap test declined from 19.3% to 5.7% (p Conclusions: While rates of first lifetime Pap tests declined substantially following the 2009 guidelines, we found that adherence to new recommendations differed by health care system factors, including site of care, insurance status, and number of clinic encounters. It is important to eliminate unnecessary medical tests, especially if disclosure and follow-up of abnormal screening results can lead to other adverse effects. In the quickly evolving field of cervical cancer control, it will be important to monitor practice trends as they relate to shifts in population-based guidelines, especially in relation to high-risk populations. Citation Format: Jennifer Tsui, Annika Hofstetter, Karen Soren. Cervical cytology screening patterns among low-income, minority adolescents in New York City following the 2009 ACOG guidelines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C27.
Natural History of Relapse after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract Although autologous stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) is known to prolong survival of patients with myeloma, most patients relapse after transplantation. How treatment of patients who relapse after transplantation affects survival is not clear. At our institution, of 83 patients transplanted for myeloma from 1996–2005, we identified 25 patients who relapsed and had adequate records for analysis. The relapse cohort consisted of 15 single APBSCT and 10 tandem APBSCT recipients. Twenty patients were Stage III at time of original diagnosis, 3 patients were Stage II, and 3 were Stage I with 15 patients being IgG-kappa, 3 patients IgA-kappa, 2 patients IgG-lambda and 1 patients IgA-lambda. Two patients had non-secretory disease and 2 had light-chain only myeloma. Best response achieved after transplant included 5 complete responses (CR), 14 partial responses (PR), one stable disease (SD), 3 minimal responses (MR), and 2 with progressive disease (PD). Maintenance therapy consisting of interferon-alfa, pulse-dosed or every-other-day steroids, and thalidomide with or without steroids was documented in 12 patients. Of the relapsed cohort, 19 went on to receive further treatment consisting of radiation therapy (2), dexamethasone-based chemotherapy [bortezomib, another induction regimen, thalidomide] (15) or another transplant (2). The median duration of response for the relapse cohort was 372 days (76–1661 days). Median survival from relapse is 304 days (range 19–1155 days). There was a trend for a correlation between duration of initial response and survival after relapse (p=0.08), but no correlation with survival after relapse and best response to APBSCT (p=0.63), use of maintenance posttransplant (0.27) or treatment of relapse (0.17). The small number of patients may have limited the power of our study to detect significant associations in our cohort. We conclude that patients who relapse after APBSCT can have a prolonged survival, and those with the longest initial duration of response have the best outcome, but the optimal approach to salvage for these patients is not clear.
SILAC-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Unveils Arsenite-Induced Perturbation of Multiple Pathways in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells.

Humans are exposed to arsenic species through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact, which may lead to skin, liver, and bladder cancers as well as cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects of arsenic species, however, remain incompletely understood. To exploit the mechanisms of toxicity of As(III), we employed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) together with LC/MS/MS analysis to quantitatively assess the As(III)-induced perturbation of the entire proteome of cultured human skin fibroblast cells. Shotgun proteomic analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer facilitated the quantification of 3880 proteins, 130 of which were quantified in both forward and reverse SILAC-labeling experiments and displayed significant alterations (>1.5 fold) upon arsenite treatment. Targeted analysis on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode confirmed the quantification results of so...
Eversion Strength and Surface Electromyography Measures With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability Measured in 2 Positions.

Background:Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have demonstrated strength deficits compared to healthy controls; however, the influence of ankle position on force measures and surface ...
A 50,000 year insect record from Rancho La Brea, Southern California: Insights into past climate and fossil deposition

Abstract Rigorously studied and dated Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental reconstructions from Ranch La Brea (RLB) and the Los Angeles Basin are scarce. Here, we use data from AMS radiocarbon dated insect fragments to infer local climates over the past 50,000 years. Our results indicate: 1) Quaternary insect remains can be located with great accuracy in radiocarbon time, and 2) well-dated and documented climate indicator beetle species are sensitive proxies for environmental change in the Los Angeles Basin. A total of 182 extant RLB ground and darkling beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Tenebrionidae) were radiocarbon dated. The resulting radiocarbon dates form a semi-continuous range from ∼50 to 28, 16–7.5, and 4 kcal yrs BP to the present. Associated insect climate ranges indicate past conditions consistent with, or very similar to, the current Los Angeles Basin Mediterranean climate. Importantly, these insect data suggest higher temperatures and aridity than inferred previously from other RLB proxies. Furthermore, wider-than-assumed dating spreads for some deposits emphasize the lack of biostratigraphy for RLB, and challenge inferences based on limited sets of radiocarbon dates and assumptions about stratigraphic integrity. Our results demonstrate the necessity to independently radiocarbon date each taxon. The insect paleoclimate interpretations were compared to regional pollen data, primarily from various southern Californian sites including Lake Elsinore and Santa Barbara Basin. These comparisons reveal an important difference in climate interpretations for the last Glacial: the RLB insect data suggest climate similar to the current one, while the regional pollen data have been interpreted as indicating a climate wetter than present.
Exploring the Dynamic Long‐Term Interaction Between Cognitive and Psychosocial Resources in Adult Second Language Development at Varying Proficiency

This study draws on conceptual and methodological insights afforded within a dynamic systems perspective to explore shifting interrelationships between cognitive capacity and motivational resources in instructed adult second language (L2) learners of Spanish at increasing proficiency. Relationships that emerged showed both stability and fluctuation over a semester of instruction and varied by learners' stage of development. Findings support previous calls to improve upon mainstream approaches to conceptualizing and investigating learner individual differences (IDs) by adopting a holistic, non modular view of the L2 developmental system in general and learner IDs in particular (e.g., Dornyei, , ; Dornyei & Ryan, ; Larsen-Freeman, , , ). To further align with DST principles (see Hiver & Al-Hoorie, ), future studies should endeavor to carry out longitudinal case studies with multiple data points in order to reveal intra-individual complexity in the group-level patterns seen here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Advancing Social Work Practice Research Education – An Innovative, Experiential Pedagogical Approach

Achieving practice research competency is an essential pillar of social work practice. However, research material is often associated with dry lectures and incomprehensible statistical applications that may not reflect real life issues. Teaching research course is often antithetical to the pedagogical approach commonly used in social work education, which engages students in practical applications of real life situations with case examples. This paper described and evaluated six sets of experiential class and field activities designed to increase graduate level social work students’ competencies of practice research. These activities included: (1) formulating a practice-based research topic – a case study; (2) using assessment templates for critical evaluation of published research; (3) single-system research design – a tool for evaluation of clinical practice; (4) agency research and evaluation field assessment; (5) design and implementation of a practice-focused class study project; and (6) class activity on presentation and dissemination of research findings. An online course evaluation was administered with altogether 63 students in 2 Foundation Research and 2 Advanced Research classes to elicit both their qualitative feedback and quantitative ratings of their attainment of research competencies. The instructor’s assessment of individual student performance using a grading rubric helped determine their level of attainment of course competences. Findings suggest several critical elements of this pedagogical approach. It is a case-based learning and students learn about real-world research issues. It is discussion-centered and a collaborative learning process. Cases selected for learning and research are context-specific as students see the connection of social work research to day-to-day practice contexts.
Collective Entity Resolution in Familial Networks

Entity resolution in settings with rich relational structure often introduces complex dependencies between co-references. Exploiting these dependencies is challenging - it requires seamlessly combining statistical, relational, and logical dependencies. One task of particular interest is entity resolution in familial networks. In this setting, multiple partial representations of a family tree are provided, from the perspective of different family members, and the challenge is to reconstruct a family tree from these multiple, noisy, partial views. This reconstruction is crucial for applications such as understanding genetic inheritance, tracking disease contagion, and performing census surveys. Here, we design a model that incorporates statistical signals, such as name similarity, relational information, such as sibling overlap, and logical constraints, such as transitivity and bijective matching, in a collective model. We show how to integrate these features using probabilistic soft logic, a scalable probabilistic programming framework. In experiments on real-world data, our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art classifiers that use relational features but are incapable of collective reasoning.
Introduction: Jews in Medieval England— A Temporal and Pedagogical Vision

In English history, the dates of 1071, 1144, 1190, 1290, and 1659 relate a narrative of settlement, libel, massacre, expulsion, and return, while also bespeaking resettlement, trauma, exile, and anti-Jewishness. Jews in Medieval England: Teaching Representations of the Other, a multidisciplinary effort, provides instructors with strategies for educating students about a people who were held hostage to myths about their violent nature—particularly in reference to the centuries-old libel of “Christ killers.” In our most optimistic—some might say naive—moments, we teachers of the humanities believe we can change parochial and xenophobic mindsets by introducing and questioning inequality that has prevailed across millennia. This objective illuminates this volume, which offers a variety of pedagogical strategies for addressing the place of Jewish culture in medieval England.
Improved approximation algorithm for the one-warehouse multi-retailer problem

In this paper, we will consider a well-studied inventory model, called the one-warehouse multi-retailer problem (OWMR) and its special case the joint replenishment problem (JRP). As the name suggests, in this model there is one warehouse that orders a particular commodity from a supplier, in order to serve demand at N distinct retailers. We consider a discrete finite planning horizon of T periods, and are given the demand dit required for each retailer i=1,...,N in each time period t=1,...,T. There are two types of costs incurred: ordering costs (to model that there are fixed costs incurred each time the warehouse replenishes its supply on hand from the supplier, as well as the analogous cost for each retailer to be stocked from the warehouse) and holding costs (to model the fact that maintaining inventory, at both the warehouse and the retail store, incurs a cost). The aim of the model is to provide an optimization framework to balance the fact that ordering too frequently is inefficient for ordering costs, whereas ordering too rarely incurs excessive holding costs.
Peptoid Oligomers: Peptidomimetics for Diverse Biomedical Applications

Peptidomimetics offer opportunities for molecular engineers and materials scientists to complement and even to supersede biological polymers. An overview of some interesting classes of peptidomimetics is given and important considerations guiding the development of ‘peptoids’ (sequence-specific poly-N-substituted glycines) are highlighted. We discuss the synthesis, purification, and characterization of peptoid oligomers and polymers made on solid phase and in solution phase. We review applications in which peptoids provide alternatives to natural biopolymers, for example, mimicry of the anti-infective properties of natural host defense peptides. The potential of the same polypeptoids as anticancer agents is also demonstrated and discussed.
Morphological Aspects of normal and Abnormal Mitosis

More than one-hundred years of studies on mitosis have resulted in the accumulation of an enormous amount of facts. The early period of study has been reviewed by Wilson [55] and some general ideas concerning attempts of interpretation of previously observed phenomena have been cited by Schrader [51]. Mazia [38] presents a synthesis of our current knowledge.
IgG Fc Receptors: Evolutionary Considerations

Immunoglobulins (Ig), a critical component of the adaptive immune system, are present in all jawed vertebrates and through sophisticated diversification mechanisms are able to recognize antigens of almost infinite diversity. During mammalian evolution, IgG has emerged as the predominant Ig isotype that is elicited upon antigenic challenge, representing the most abundant isotype present in circulation. Along with the IgG molecule, a family of specialized receptors has evolved in mammalian species that specifically recognize the Fc domain of IgG. These receptors, termed Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), are expressed on the surface of effector leukocytes and upon crosslinking by the IgG Fc domain mediate diverse immunomodulatory processes with profound impact on several aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. FcγRs share a high degree of sequence homology among mammalian species and the ancestral locus, where the genes that encode for FcγRs are mapped, can be traced back early in mammalian evolution. FcγRs also share a number of common structural and functional properties among mammalian species and utilize highly conserved motifs for transducing signals upon engagement. Despite the high homology of FcγRs in diverse mammalian species, human FcγRs exhibit unique features relating to the gene organization, expression pattern in the various leukocyte populations, as well as affinity for human IgGs. Such inter-species differences in FcγRs biology between humans and other mammalian species represents a major limitation for the interpretation of in vivo studies on human IgG function using conventional animal models.
CLINICAL AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES IN SINGLE VENTRICLE PATIENTS RECEIVING EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PEDIATRIC HEART NETWORK SINGLE VENTRICLE RECONSTRUCTION TRIAL PUBLIC DATASET

Survival for patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after the Norwood operation is poor. We investigated peri-operative risk factors for mortality and long-term outcomes to help inform ECMO outcomes in this population. Retrospective analysis of the Single Ventricle
African Americans in Economics at the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Since the Kerner Commission Report of 1968:

The campus of the University of Michigan experienced student unrest of the 1960s surrounding the Vietnam war and demands for racial inclusion. How the university, particularly the Department of Eco...
Diffuse histology-proven mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: A case report and review of literature.

Abstract Introduction Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) are rare premalignant neoplasms of the pancreas that are typically found as single lesions in the pancreatic body and tail of women in the fifth and sixth decade of life, do not communicate with the pancreatic ductal system and are characterized by mucin-producing epithelium supported by ovarian-type stroma. Presentation of case We present here a case of diffuse pancreatic involvement by MCN in a 64-year-old woman with chronic pancreatitis. Pre-operative suspicion for MCN was low due to the multi-centric nature of the lesions and imaging/biochemical fluid analysis demonstrating connection with the pancreatic ductal architecture. The patient underwent total pancreatectomy with pathology showing multiple cysts lined by flat epithelium with focal ovarian-type stroma, consistent with low-grade MCN. Discussion The presence of ovarian stroma on histological analysis is one of the defining characteristics of MCNs per WHO guidelines, and is mandatory for its diagnosis. Only one case of diffuse MCN has been previously described in the literature; however, in this case the authors were not able to reach a definitive histological diagnosis based on WHO criteria. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of diffuse histology-proven MCN of the pancreas.
Perception of overlapping segments: thoughts on Nearey’s model

Recently, a linear logistic model for speech perception has been proposed in articles by Nearey (Journal of Phonetics (1990), 18, 347-373; Proceedings 12th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (1991) Vol. 1, pp. 40-49). This model is primarily segmental in nature, with allowance for “trans-segmental bias terms”. Two considerations need to be emphasized with this theory. First, if segments are to be primary with trans-segments being a bias only, then these two effects should be separable in certain experiments. Second, the acoustic domain of the segment must still be defined, even if the perceptual unit is clearly delimited. The segment encounters difficulties with both of these. Even if trans-segmental terms are different in kind from segmental ones (which is not yet established), it is clear that the primary segmental cues do not display the stability implied by the linear logistic theory. Also, segments influence far more than a segment's worth of acoustic signal, indicating that only overlapping segments are defensible.
Thermo-Mechanical Deformation History and the Residual Stress Distribution in Cold Spray

In cold spray, high gas temperatures and high velocity impact of particles introduce complex thermal and stress histories in the coating layers and the substrate. It is crucial to understand the interplay between temperature evolution and residual stress development as the residual stresses could potentially cause distortion and/or delamination. In this study, a system-level cold-spray deposition model is developed. The model includes a moving heat source, material addition and thermo-mechanical stress analyses. The heat source model is first validated by qualitatively comparing the thermal history with experimental measurements from literature. The system-level model is then used to calculate the residual stresses and distortion in the cold-sprayed Cu/steel system. The influence of the spray path on the residual stress development is systematically analyzed. The corresponding interface residual stress states are also examined for the different spray paths. Simulation results indicate that the thermo-mechanical analysis using the developed system-level model can provide an effective way to assist in optimizing the cold-spray coating deposition strategy and improve the coating performance.
An evaluation of emergency general surgery transfers and a call for standardization of practices.

Abstract Background There is an increasing trend toward regionalization of emergency general surgery, which burdens patients. The absence of a standardized, emergency general surgery transfer algorithm creates the potential for unnecessary transfers. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical reasoning prompting emergency general surgery transfers and to initiate a discussion for optimal emergency general surgery use. Methods Consecutive emergency general surgery transfers (December 2018 to May 2019) to 2 tertiary centers were prospectively enrolled in an institutional review board–approved protocol. Clinical reasoning prompting transfer was obtained prospectively from the accepting/consulting surgeon. Patient outcomes were used to create an algorithm for emergency general surgery transfer. Results Two hundred emergency general surgery transfers (49% admissions, 51% consults) occurred with a median age of 59 (18 to 100) and body mass index of 30 (15 to 75). Insurance status was 25% private, 45% Medicare, 21% Medicaid, and 9% uninsured. Weekend transfers (Friday to Sunday) occurred in 45%, and 57% occurred overnight (6:00 pm to 6:00 am). Surgeon-to-surgeon communication occurred with 22% of admissions. Pretransfer notification occurred with 10% of consults. Common transfer reasons included no surgical coverage (20%), surgeon discomfort (24%), or hospital limitations (36%). A minority (36%) underwent surgery within 24 hours; 54% did not require surgery during the admission. Median length of stay was 6 (1 to 44) days. Conclusion Conditions prompting emergency general surgery transfers are heterogeneous in this rural state review. There remains an unmet need to standardize emergency general surgery transfer criteria, incorporating patient and hospital factors and surgeon availability. Well-defined requirements for communication with the accepting surgeon may prevent unnecessary transfers and maximize resource allocation.
StartLink+: Prediction of Gene Starts in Prokaryotic Genomes by an Algorithm Integrating Independent Sources of Evidence

Abstract Algorithms of ab initio gene finding were shown to make sufficiently accurate predictions in prokaryotic genomes. Nonetheless, for up to 15-25% of genes per genome the gene start predictions might differ even when made by the supposedly most accurate tools. To address this discrepancy, we have introduced StartLink+, an approach combining ab initio and multiple sequence alignment based methods. StartLink+ makes predictions for a majority of genes per genome (73% on average); in tests on sets of genes with experimentally verified starts the StartLink+ accuracy was shown to be 98-99%. When StartLink+ predictions made for a large set of prokaryotic genomes were compared with the database annotations we observed that on average the gene start annotations deviated from the predictions for ~5% of genes in AT-rich genomes and for 10-15% of genes in GC-rich genomes.
Mapping Working-Class Activism in Reconstruction St. Louis

Blending the tools of micro-history with historical Geographical Information Systems (GIS) permits us to chart the social networks and everyday journeys of black working-class women activists and t...
Time Deposits, Dimensions and Fraud

We stipulate, arguendo, that fractional-reserve-demand deposit banking is per se fraudulent. We ask whether or not time deposit banking can also be illicit, and answer in the positive, if there is a mismatch between the time dimensions of deposits and loans. To wit, if an intermediary borrows short and lends long.
Interaction Between Residential Greenness and Air Pollution Mortality: Analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)

Backgrounds: Both air pollution and green space have been shown to affect health. We aim to assess whether greenness protects against air pollution-related mortality. Methods: We used 2008 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We calculated contemporaneous Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the 500m radius around the residence. PM2.5 concentration was calculated using 3-year average concentrations in 1 km × 1 km grid resolution. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the effects of NDVI, PM2.5, and their interaction on all-cause mortality, adjusted for a range of covariates. Findings: We followed up 12,873 participants totaling 47,884 person-years. There were 7,426 mortality events from 2008 to 2014. The mean contemporaneous and 3-year average PM2.5 were 0⋅42 (SD: 0⋅21), and 49⋅63 μg/m³ (SD: 13⋅72). In the fully adjusted model, the mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for each 0⋅1-unit decrease in contemporaneous NDVI was 1⋅08 (95% CI: 1⋅03, 1⋅13), each 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 was 1⋅13 (95% CI: 1⋅09, 1⋅18), and the interaction term was 1⋅01 (95% CI: 1⋅00, 1⋅02) with a statistical significance (p-value: 0⋅027). In the stratified analysis, we found people in urban areas are more likely to benefit from greenness, and people in rural areas are more likely to be harmed by air pollution. Interpretation: Our study showed some indication of a synergistic effect of greenness and air pollution, which implies that urban green space planning and air pollution control can jointly improve public health. Funding Statement: This study was supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant Number: OOP1148464), the United States National Institute of Health (Grant Number: 2P01AG031719), National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Number: 2018YFC2000400), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 71490732). Declaration of Interests: JSJ served as the Asia Editor of The Lancet in 2017. The other authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The CLHLS study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, Duke University (Pro00062871), and the Biomedical Ethics Committee, Peking University (IRB00001052-13074). All participants signed a written informed consent.
$\ell_p$-Spread Properties of Sparse Matrices

Random subspaces $X$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$ of dimension proportional to $n$ are, with high probability, well-spread with respect to the $\ell_p$-norm (for $p \in [1,2]$). Namely, every nonzero $x \in X$ is "robustly non-sparse" in the following sense: $x$ is $\varepsilon \|x\|_p$-far in $\ell_p$-distance from all $\delta n$-sparse vectors, for positive constants $\varepsilon, \delta$ bounded away from $0$. This "$\ell_p$-spread" property is the natural counterpart, for subspaces over the reals, of the minimum distance of linear codes over finite fields, and, for $p = 2$, corresponds to $X$ being a Euclidean section of the $\ell_1$ unit ball. Explicit $\ell_p$-spread subspaces of dimension $\Omega(n)$, however, are not known except for $p=1$. The construction for $p=1$, as well as the best known constructions for $p \in (1,2]$ (which achieve weaker spread properties), are analogs of low density parity check (LDPC) codes over the reals, i.e., they are kernels of sparse matrices. We study the spread properties of the kernels of sparse random matrices. Rather surprisingly, we prove that with high probability such subspaces contain vectors $x$ that are $o(1)\cdot \|x\|_2$-close to $o(n)$-sparse with respect to the $\ell_2$-norm, and in particular are not $\ell_2$-spread. On the other hand, for $p < 2$ we prove that such subspaces are $\ell_p$-spread with high probability. Moreover, we show that a random sparse matrix has the stronger restricted isometry property (RIP) with respect to the $\ell_p$ norm, and this follows solely from the unique expansion of a random biregular graph, yielding a somewhat unexpected generalization of a similar result for the $\ell_1$ norm [BGI+08]. Instantiating this with explicit expanders, we obtain the first explicit constructions of $\ell_p$-spread subspaces and $\ell_p$-RIP matrices for $1 \leq p < p_0$, where $1 < p_0 < 2$ is an absolute constant.
Genome Sequence Resource of Burkholderia glumae UAPB13

Burkholderia glumae causes Bacterial Panicle Blight of rice. Here, we report the genomic sequence of B. glumae strain UAPB13 isolated from fields in Arkansas. The assembled genome consists of 123 s...
Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis. V. Effects of emetine on protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis in HeLa cells.

Abstract Emetine is rapidly concentrated from the media by suspension cultures of HeLa cells, and it inhibits protein biosynthesis by 50% at a concentration in the media of 4 x 10-8 m. The synthesis of DNA is partially inhibited by emetine, but the primary effect of the alkaloid in HeLa cells appears to be on the biosynthesis of protein. In contrast to the effects of cycloheximide, the effects of emetine on DNA and protein synthesis are irreversible. Synthesis of host cell RNA is unaffected by emetine, but viral RNA synthesis in poliovirus-infected HeLa cells is inhibited by this drug. Emetine prevents the breakdown of polyribosomes induced by puromycin but does not affect the puromycin-induced release of nascent peptide. The observations reported in this paper provide a biochemical basis for the toxic and therapeutic properties of emetine.
Elastic Snap-Through Analysis of Curved Plates Using Discrete Elements

T paper describes a piecewise linear incremental discreteelement procedure for the analysis of geometrically nonlinear snap-through buckling responses of elastic plates with initial deflections subjected to lateral loads. Based on the variation of curvature along the load-displacement curve, the unequal load increments and decrements are chosen. In order to proceed past the points of maximum and minimum where the stiffness matrices are singular, a small increment of displacements is applied for one step. Formulations and procedures are demonstrated by the use of a rectangular plate element with initial curvature. Static symmetrical snap-through buckling responses are obtained for some typical plates.
Large‐Scale Simulation of Dendritic Solidification

A new computational approach based on the lattice Boltzmann and the cellular automaton methods is developed with the objective of simulating the growth of dendritic structures of metallic alloys under convection. The tracking of the solid-liquid interface is performed with a cellular automaton algorithm, while the solution of the flow equations, solute, and energy transport is done with the lattice Boltzmann method. Both methods are characterized by a local-type nature, requiring no assembly and solution of global equations. This feature enables efficient scaling of the model in petaflops supercomputers, allowing the simulation of large domains containing thousands of dendrites. The model capabilities with simulations of a binary alloy are discussed and the parallel performance of the algorithm is assessed. Excellent strong scaling up to thousands of computing cores is obtained across the nodes of a computer cluster, along with near-perfect weak scaling.
The VIS-AD Data Model: Integrating Metadata and Polymorphic Display with a Scientific Programming Language

The VIS-AD data model integrates metadata about the precision of values, including missing data indicators and the way that arrays sample continuous functions, with the data objects of a scientific programming language. The data objects of this data model form a lattice, ordered by the precision with which they approximate mathematical objects. We define a similar lattice of displays and study visualization processes as functions from data lattices to display lattices. Such functions can be applied to visualize data objects of all data types and are thus polymorphic.
Inclusion by Design: Accessible Housing and the Mobility Impaired

In the midst of pervasive national efforts at improving accessibility to public places for people with disabilities, there is no national design standard for making single-family residential housing accessible to the mobility impaired. As a consequence, the mobility impaired often find that they are unable to safely and easily visit the homes of family, friends, neighbors, and colleagues because their housing is designed with exclusionary and unsafe features - features that would not be permitted if the property were a public place, a place of public accommodation, or publicly funded housing. This article questions the difference in inclusive design requirements as between public places and private homes. In so doing, it suggests that the difference rests upon two fundamental misunderstandings. The first is based on a failure to appreciate the public nature of private housing, and the second involves misperceptions concerning the ability (inability) of individuals to bargain for socially optimal outcomes in the market for private residential homes. In response to these conclusions the article supports a national inclusive design standard for all new single-family residential housing. In advancing the argument for a national standard of inclusive design in single-family residential housing, the article proceeds in several steps. First, it provides a brief introduction to the current law on physical accessibility to property. Second, it explains two competing standards of inclusion for residential housing design; Universal Design and Visitability. Third, it provides information on the scope of the problem by exploring the demographics of mobility impairment. Fourth, it addresses the quasi-public character of private housing as part of our national housing stock. Fifth, it discusses local and national mechanisms that can be used to increase the national stock of housing with inclusive design features. And sixth, it addresses the tension between improving housing accessibility and maintaining its affordability.
Towards Algebraic Separation Logic

We present an algebraic approach to separation logic. In particular, we give algebraic characterisations for all constructs of separation logic. The algebraic view does not only yield new insights on separation logic but also shortens proofs and enables the use of automated theorem provers for verifying properties at a more abstract level.