cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Acute Occlusion of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Produce a Typical “Takotsubo” Left Ventricular Contraction Pattern?

The takotsubo syndrome (TS) takes its name from a distinctive left ventricular (LV) contraction abnormality. Patients with this disorder present with clinical findings of an acute ischemic event. Despite the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, there is a hallmark LV contraction abnormality, namely hypercontractility of the base but akinesia or dyskinesis of the apex. Many discount a role for the epicardial coronary arteries in this disorder because the LV contraction abnormality appears to overlap >1 vascular territory. To test this assumption we analyzed the contraction pattern associated with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. From May to September 2006, 43 patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to LAD occlusion. Their left ventriculograms were randomly mixed with those of 47 patients clinically labeled as TS. Two reviewers unaware of the clinical diagnosis characterized the LV contraction pattern of all 90 as typical of TS or not. In 6 of the 43 patients (14%) with primary PCI the 2 reviewers considered the pattern to be typical, and in 5 (12%), 1 of 2 reviewers did. Thus, in 26% ≥1 reviewer believed that the pattern associated with LAD occlusion was typical of TS. In conclusion, the characteristic TS contraction pattern may be seen in some patients with acute occlusion of the LAD. It would be premature to dismiss the possibility of transient LAD occlusion as part of the pathogenesis of that disorder.
Subunit heterogeneity of cancer magister hemocyanin

Hemocyanin from the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, has been described as a 25-S two-hexamer assembly of two different 5-S subunits. We have found that at least six different 5-S polypeptide chains constitute this hemocyanin. They can be separated from one another by sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel electrophoresis as well as by regular gel electrophoresis. The six 5-S polypeptides appear very different from one another when each SDS-treated subunit is partially digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. This pattern of six subunits is present both in hemolymph which has been examined immediately upon removal from the animal as well as in hemocyanin which has remained at room temperature for two weeks. Thus, it is unlikely that the heterogeneity is a result of proteolysis during preparation of the sample. Possible implications of the high degree of subunit heterogeneity on the protein's quaternary structure are discussed.
Volatility in mRNA Secondary Structure as a Design Principle for Antisense

Designing effective antisense sequences is a formidable problem. A method for predicting efficacious antisense holds the potential to provide fundamental insight into this biophysical process. More practically, such an understanding increases the chance of successful antisense design as well as saving considerable time, money and labor. The secondary structure of an mRNA molecule is believed to be in a constant state of flux, sampling several different suboptimal states. We hypothesized that particularly volatile regions might provide better accessibility for antisense targeting. A computational framework, GenAVERT was developed to evaluate this hypothesis. GenAVERT used UNAFold and RNAforester to generate and compare the predicted suboptimal structures of mRNA sequences. Subsequent analysis revealed regions that were particularly volatile in terms of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and thus potentially superior antisense targets due to their high accessibility. Several mRNA sequences with known natural antisense target sites as well as artificial antisense target sites were evaluated. Upon comparison, antisense sequences predicted based upon the volatility hypothesis closely matched those of the naturally occurring antisense, as well as those artificial target sites that provided efficient down-regulation. These results suggest that this strategy may provide a powerful new approach to antisense design.
A Second Order Accurate Adams-Bashforth Type Discrete Event Integration Scheme

This paper proposes a second order accurate, Adams- Bashforth type, asynchronous integration scheme for numerically solving systems of ordinary differential equations. The method has three aspects; a local integration rule with third order truncation error, a third order accurate model of local influencers, and local time advance limits. The role of these elements in the scheme's operation are discussed and demonstrated. The time advance limit, which distinguishes this method from other discrete event methods for ODEs, is argued to be essential for constructing high order accuracy schemes.
Hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L-glutamine by acylase I.

Parenteral administration of N-acetyl-L-glutamine (NAQ) produces substantial urinary losses. To evaluate enteral utility, we examined NAQ hydrolysis by acylase I, a critical first step in biological utilization, NAQ was quantitatively hydrolyzed to glutamine in vitro, Enzyme kinetic parameters were compared for NAQ (Km = 11.4 mM, Vmax = 5.54 nmole glutamine/min/μg enzyme) and an approved food additive, N-acetyl-L-methionine (NAM) (Km = 1.36 mM, Vmax = 7.48 nmole methionine/min/μg enzyme). These data indicated preference for NAM in substrate recognition (Km), but similar relative catalytic ability (Vmax), While NAQ is possibly a suitable enteral substrate recognition (Km), but similar relative catalytic ability (Vmax). While NAQ is possibly a suitable enteral glutamine source, utility will depend on intestinal acylase I levels and intestinal residence times not yet determined. L'administration parenterale de la N-acetyl-L-glutamine (NAQ) engendre des pertes urinaires substantielles. Pour evaluer son administration enterale, cette etude examine l'hydrolyse de la NAQ par l'acylase, premiere etape critique dans l'utilisation biologique. La NAQ est hydrolysee quantitativement en glutamine in vitro. Les parametres cinetiques enzymatiques sont compares pour la NAQ et un additif alimentaire approuve, la N-acetyl-L-methionine.
Regulation of distinct biological activities of the NF-κB transcription factor complex by acetylation

Although the proximal cytoplasmic signaling events that control the activation of the NF-κB transcription factor are understood in considerable detail, the subsequent intranuclear events that regulate the strength and duration of the NF-κB-mediated transcriptional response remain poorly defined. Recent studies have revealed that NF-κB is subject to reversible acetylation and that this posttranslational modification functions as an intranuclear molecular switch to control NF-κB action. In this review, we summarize this new and fascinating mechanism through which the pleiotropic effects of NF-κB are regulated within the cells. NF-κB is a heterodimer composed of p50 and RelA subunits. Both subunits are acetylated at multiple lysine residues with the p300/CBP acetyltransferases playing a major role in this process in vivo. Further, the acetylation of different lysines regulates different functions of NF-κB, including transcriptional activation, DNA binding affinity, IκBα assembly, and subcellular localization. Acetylated forms RelA are subject to deacetylation by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). This selective action of HDAC3 promotes IκBα binding and rapid CRM1-dependent nuclear export of the deacetylated NF-κB complex, which terminates the NF-κB response and replenishes the cytoplasmic pool of latent NF-κB/IκBα complexes. This readies the cell for the next NF-κB-inducing stimulus. Thus, reversible acetylation of RelA serves as an important intranuclear regulatory mechanism that further provides for dynamic control of NF-κB action.
Reinforcing Building Facades with Geotextile Fabrics

An investigation is made of potential reinforcement to limit debris hazard of masonry facade walls of conventional buildings subjected to blast effects using geotextile fabrics anchored to the floor slabs and beams. Fourteen simulation tests using geotextile and geogrid fabrics were conducted to provide an initial evaluation of the performance of this protective system. The ultimate capacity, load-deflection, including the proposed connections of these retrofit systems were determined and recorded in these tests. The tests were conducted by increasing a uniform load (water pressure) in a 1.83 m diameter chamber. The tensile strength of the materials used in the experiments varied from 65 to 328 N/m. It was concluded from the experiments that the proposed system is a viable and a functional means for preventing propagation of wall debris. The primary parameters affecting its functionality were the tensile strength of the fabric and its anchorage into the conventional structure.
Functional classification of skeletal muscle networks. I. Normal physiology

Extensive measurements of the parts list of human skeletal muscle through transcriptomics and other phenotypic assays offer the opportunity to reconstruct detailed functional models. Through integr...
Precise Dynamic Impact Analysis with Dependency Analysis for Object-oriented Programs

Dynamic impact analysis based on program executions has shown promise in aiding tasks in the life cycle of large-scale systems. Dynamic impact analysis techniques have shown to produce more precise results than static impact analysis [1]. However, current dynamic impact analysis techniques lack important features such as analysis of dependency among program entities and consideration of object-oriented programs ' features. Thus they may produce imprecise results. In this paper, we present a precise dynamic impact analysis approach for object-oriented programs. This approach considers the characteristics of object- oriented programs and performs dependency analysis which may potentially reduce the impact sets by eliminating elements that do not have dependency on the changed elements. Even though our discussion in this paper is based on JavaTM programming language, this approach can be carried out in a language independent manner for broader applications.
Noninfectious pulmonary complications after organ transplantation

Organ transplantation is a successful and recognized option for patients with end-stage pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, renal, and hematologic disease. As with any new technology, however, a set of complications has developed in the form of lung injury after transplantation as a result of ischemic, chemotherapeutic, radiation-induced, and immunologic damage to the lungs. Interstitial changes soon after transplantation are typically due to pulmonary edema, the adult respiratory distress syndrome, and reperfusion injury or allograft rejection (in the case of lung transplantation). Late pulmonary injury presents as obliterative bronchiolitis and lymphoproliferative disease. Bone marrow transplant recipients are unique because they develop the idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary venoocclusive disease, and graft-versus-host disease. New insights about these interstitial syndromes are the subject of this review.
A systematic review of the literature on the evaluation of handoff tools: implications for research and practice

Objective Given the complexities of the healthcare environment, efforts to develop standardized handoff practices have led to widely varying manifestations of handoff tools. A systematic review of the literature on handoff evaluation studies was performed to investigate the nature, methodological, and theoretical foundations underlying the evaluation of handoff tools and their adequacy and appropriateness in achieving standardization goals. Method We searched multiple databases for articles evaluating handoff tools published between 1 February 1983 and 15 June 2012. The selected articles were categorized along the following dimensions: handoff tool characteristics, standardization initiatives, methodological framework, and theoretical perspectives underlying the evaluation. Results Thirty-six articles met our inclusion criteria. Handoff evaluations were conducted primarily on electronic tools (64%), with a more recent focus on electronic medical record-integrated tools (36% since 2008). Most evaluations centered on intra-departmental tools (95%). Evaluation studies were quasi-experimental (42%) or observational (50%), with a major focus on handoff-related outcome measures (94%) using predominantly survey-based tools (70%) with user satisfaction metrics (53%). Most of the studies (81%) based their evaluation on aspects of standardization that included continuity of care and patient safety. Conclusions The nature, methodological, and theoretical foundations of handoff tool evaluations varied significantly in terms of their quality and rigor, thereby limiting their ability to inform strategic standardization initiatives. Future research should utilize rigorous, multi-method qualitative and quantitative approaches that capture the contextual nuances of handoffs, and evaluate their effect on patient-related outcomes.
Cumulative Stress and Cortisol Disruption among Black and Hispanic Pregnant Women in an Urban Cohort

While adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis functioning is thought to be altered by traumatic experiences, little data exist on the effects of cumulative stress on HPA functioning among pregnant women or among specific racial and ethnic groups. Individuals may be increasingly vulnerable to physiological alterations when experiencing cumulative effects of multiple stressors. These effects may be particularly relevant in urban poor communities where exposure to multiple stressors is more prevalent. The goal of this study was to explore the effects of multiple social stressors on HPA axis functioning in a sample of urban Black (n = 68) and Hispanic (n = 132) pregnant women enrolled in the Asthma Coalition on Community, Environment, and Social Stress (ACCESS). Pregnant women were administered the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (R-CTS) survey to assess interpersonal violence, the Experiences of Discrimination (EOD) survey, the Crisis in Family Systems-Revised (CRISYS-R) negative life events survey, and the My Exposure to Violence (ETV) survey, which ascertains exposure to community violence. A cumulative stress measure was derived from these instruments. Salivary cortisol samples were collected five times per day over three days to assess area under the curve (AUC), morning change, and basal awakening response in order to characterize diurnal salivary cortisol patterns. Repeated measures mixed models, stratified by race/ethnicity, were performed adjusting for education level, age, smoking status, body mass index and weeks pregnant at time of cortisol sampling. The majority of Hispanic participants (57%) had low cumulative stress exposure, while the majority of Black participants had intermediate (35%) or high (41%) cumulative stress exposure. Results showed that among Black but not Hispanic women, cumulative stress was associated with lower morning cortisol levels, including a flatter waking to bedtime rhythm. These analyses suggest that the combined effects of cumulative stressful experiences are associated with disrupted HPA functioning among pregnant women. While the etiology of racial/ethnic differences in stress-induced HPA alterations is not clear, this warrants further research.
Streptococcus equi infection as a cause of panophthalmitis in a horse

Summary Streptococcus equi was isolated from a corneal ulcer in a horse. The ulcer developed as an extension of septic uveitis subsequent to submandibular lymphadenopathy. The condition was refractory to therapy and panophthalmitis ensued. The affected eye was enucleated and S. equi was isolated in pure culture from the anterior chamber. S. equi should be considered as an etiologic agent in cases of uveitis in the horse, especially if there is a recent history of strangles.
Epistemologies in Religious Healing

Religious beliefs in miraculous healing through prayer remain prevalent in modern society. Most such beliefs do not conflict with medical advice but some do. Conventional views have considered these beliefs incompatible with rational modern thought, predicting their demise and explaining their persistence in terms of non-rational thinking, "special logics" and psychological compartmentalization. However, attention to the actual beliefs of individuals often reveals them to be rationally ordered and empirically founded. Further, they do not usually involve disbelief of medical knowledge. Their differences from each other and from orthodox medical ideas arise from differing assumptions, the crediting of subjective experience, and the particular experiences of believers.
The effect of short- and long-term administration of verapamil on the disposition of cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein substrates

Background Verapamil has the capability to inhibit and induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), but the relative extent and time course of these events in vivo are unclear. The effect of verapamil on CYP3A and P-gp activity was determined by examining its effect on its own disposition and on the disposition of fexofenadine, respectively. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers received 60 mg fexofenadine alone or after administration of 240 mg verapamil for 1, 10, and 38 days. The concentrations of verapamil and norverapamil, as well as their enantiomers, were quantified in serum by chiral HPLC. The concentrations of fexofenadine and its metabolite, azacyclonol, were quantified in serum and urine by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results The mean ± SD maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and the area under the serum concentration–time curve of S-verapamil increased significantly on days 10 (40 ± 21 ng/mL [P = .00044] and 433 ± 316 ng·h·mL−1 [P = .00047], respectively) and 38 (42 ± 27 ng/mL [P = .019] and 433 ± 256 ng·h·mL−1 [P = .0081], respectively) compared with day 1 (21 ± 12 ng/mL and 222 ± 156 ng·h·mL−1, respectively). The oral clearance (CLoral) of S-verapamil decreased significantly from 702 ± 304 L/h on day 1 to 377 ± 210 L/h on day 10 (P = .0029) and 449 ± 419 L/h on day 38 (P = .05). Similar trends were observed for the Cmax and area under the serum concentration–time curve of R-verapamil and R- and S-norverapamil. All subjects showed a significant decrease in the CLoral of fexofenadine after a single dose (98 ± 54 L/h, P = .00105) and 10-day dosing (102 ± 40 L/h, P = .0011) of verapamil compared with the control value (156 ± 69 L/h). The Cmax of fexofenadine was significantly increased by a single dose (165 ± 42 ng/mL, P = .0005) and 10-day dosing (148 ± 39 ng/mL, P = .0008) of verapamil compared with the control value (114 ± 45 ng/mL). No significant difference in fexofenadine Cmax (P = .37) and CLoral (P = .43) was observed between the control values and values at 38 days of verapamil treatment. Conclusion Verapamil inhibited CYP3A activity, with a maximum effect occurring within 10 days. Short-term administration of verapamil caused net inhibition of intestinal P-gp, whereas long-term administration of verapamil induced P-gp activity. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2006) 79, 218–230; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.11.001
Molecular mechanism for loss of visual cortical responsiveness following brief monocular deprivation

A dramatic form of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity is revealed in visual cortex when one eye is temporarily deprived of vision during early postnatal life. Monocular deprivation (MD) alters synaptic transmission such that cortical neurons cease to respond to stimulation of the deprived eye, but how this occurs is poorly understood. Here we show in rat visual cortex that brief MD sets in motion the same molecular and functional changes as the experimental model of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD), and that prior synaptic depression by MD occludes subsequent induction of LTD. The mechanisms of LTD, about which there is now a detailed understanding, therefore contribute to visual cortical plasticity.
Capturing relevant extracellular matrices for investigating cell migration

Much progress in understanding cell migration has been determined by using classic two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture platforms. However, increasingly, it is appreciated that certain properties of cell migration in vivo are not represented by strictly 2D assays. There is much interest in creating relevant three-dimensional (3D) culture environments and engineered platforms to better represent features of the extracellular matrix and stromal microenvironment that are not captured in 2D platforms. Important to this goal is a solid understanding of the features of the extracellular matrix—composition, stiffness, topography, and alignment—in different tissues and disease states and the development of means to capture these features
A Re-­Vision of To Kill a Mockingbird and Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry

In this paper the author argues for a “re-visioning” of two young adult literature texts by examine the ways in which race is constructed/deconstructed within To Kill a Mockingbird and Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry. The piece begins by examining how the books are perceived in mass culture, then leads into an analysis of how race is (de)constructed through key scenes related to family, history and land ownership. By examining the two pieces of literature in tandem, differing ideologies become apparent. Implications for the teaching of these texts in light of these ideologies, the selective tradition, and authenticity in the selection of multicultural texts conclude this piece.
Mapping cognitive attractors onto the dynamic landscapes of teamwork

The objective of this study was to apply ideas from complexity theory to derive new models of teamwork. The measures include EEG-derived measures of Engagement and Workload obtained from submarine piloting and navigation (SPAN) teams and communication streams from Uninhibited Air Vehicle Synthetic Task Environments (UAV-STE). We show that despite large differences in the data streams and modeling, similar changes are seen in the respective order parameters in response to task perturbations and the experience of the team. These changes may provide a pathway for future adaptive training systems as both order parameters could conceivably be modeled and reported in real time.
Between Rites and Rights: Excision in Women’s Experiential Texts and Human Contexts

Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations Notes on Translation and Transliteration Introduction PART ONE THE CULT OF CULTURE 1. Sexual Pre-Texts 2. Kenyan Reactance: Kenyatta, Huxley, wa Thiong'o 3. Kenyan Women's Texts: Njau, Likimani, Waciuma PART TWO SPEAKING FROM MEMORY: RELIGION AND REMEMBRANCE 4. In Passing and Other Circumspections: Nwapa, El Saadawi, Rifaat 5. On Spurious Geneses: Nawal El Saadawi 6. Spoken Autobiographical Acts: Nayra Atiya's Khul-Khaal PART THREE FROM SEALING TO OPENING UP: SEX, EXILE, AND EMPOWERMENT 7. The Sealed Condition: From the Beginnings to Freud and Herzi 8. Silence, Exile, and the Spectacle of the Fashioned Body: Aman, Barry, Dirie 9. The Whole Woman and the Law: Keita, Ahmadu, Kassindja, Dirie, Khady, Abdi, Korn 10. The Exciser Conclusion: Between Rights and Future Rites Notes Select Bibliography Index
VSV-G Envelope Glycoprotein Forms Complexes with Plasmid DNA and MLV Retrovirus-like Particles in Cell-free Conditions and Enhances DNA Transfection

We have previously shown that vesicles containing the spike glycoprotein of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) can associate efficiently with immature, non-infectious, envelope-deficient retrovirus-like particles assembled by packaging cells to produce infectious, pseudotyped viruses in cell-free conditions in vitro. We have also previously reported that VSV-G can enhance DNA lipofection efficiency by interacting with liposomes to form fusogenic, serum-stable liposomes with enhanced transfection properties. Here, we report that VSV-G can form a complex directly with naked plasmid DNA in the absence of a lipofection reagent and can thereby enhance the transfection efficiency of the naked plasmid vector. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis demonstrated that VSV-G can also associate with plasmid DNA and murine leukemia virus (MLV) gag-pol particles to form ternary complexes that co-sediment with high DNA transfecting activity. The increased transfection efficiency with VSV-G was dependent on the presence of the polycation (Polybrene) in the culture medium during transfection. Enhanced transfection was abolished by a neutralizing antibody to VSV-G. These results may be useful in the study of retrovirus assembly, in the further design of hybrid DNA-based retrovirus-like vectors, and in the full in vitro, cell-free assembly of infectious virus-like particles from component parts.
Pulmonary Mycobacteriosis Caused by an “MAIS Intermediate”

MAIS intermediates are nontuberculous mycobacteria, regarded as environmental isolates and usually nonpathogenic for humans and animals. This article presents a case of pulmonary mycobacteriosis in a 56-year-old male cancer patient attributed to an MAIS intermediate strain.
MAKING DECISIONS ON ICEBERG UTILIZATION BASED UPON MULTIVARIATE UTILITY THEORY: A CASE STUDY IN SAUDI ARABIA

A decision-tree model is developed for introducing icebergs in the water system of Saudi Arabia. The utility theory is then applied to evaluate policies pertaining to various strategies of iceberg utilization. The multiattributes of water projects are analyzed and the corresponding utilty functions are synthesized. The attributes encompass social, technical and economic factors. The multivariate utilities are evaluated for each strategy. The decision options include concentrating only on development of large scale desalination plants. Although the analysis made here are basically for a single scenario of choosing alternate water sources, the method is shown to be useful in developing a myriad of strategies to select the optimal decision under various restrictions including the level of funding of iceberg utilization programs.
Geochemical and tectonic uplift controls on rock nitrogen inputs across terrestrial ecosystems

Rock contains > 99% of Earth's reactive nitrogen (N), but questions remain over the direct importance of rock N weathering inputs to terrestrial biogeochemical cycling. Here we investigate the factors that regulate rock N abundance and develop a new model for quantifying rock N mobilization fluxes across desert to temperate rainforest ecosystems in California, USA. We analyzed the N content of 968 rock samples from 531 locations and compiled 178 cosmogenically derived denudation estimates from across the region to identify landscapes and ecosystems where rocks account for a significant fraction of terrestrial N inputs. Strong coherence between rock N content and geophysical factors, such as protolith, (i.e. parent rock), grain size, and thermal history, are observed. A spatial model that combines rock geochemistry with lithology and topography demonstrates that average rock N reservoirs range from 0.18 to 1.2 kg N m−3 (80 to 534 mg N kg−1) across the nine geomorphic provinces of California and estimates a rock N denudation flux of 20–92 Gg yr−1 across the entire study area (natural atmospheric inputs ~ 140 Gg yr−1). The model highlights regional differences in rock N mobilization and points to the Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and the Klamath Mountains as regions where rock N could contribute meaningfully to ecosystem N cycling. Contrasting these data to global compilations suggests that our findings are broadly applicable beyond California and that the N abundance and variability in rock are well constrained across most of the Earth system.
Periodically forced delay limit cycle oscillator

Abstract This paper investigates the dynamics of a delay limit cycle oscillator under periodic external forcing. The system exhibits quasiperiodic motion outside of a resonance region where it has periodic motion at the frequency of the forcer for strong enough forcing. By perturbation methods and bifurcation theory, we show that this resonance region is asymmetric in the frequency detuning, and that there are regions where stable periodic and quasiperiodic motions coexist.
Quantification of ferrite-martensite interface in dual phase steels: A first-principles study

Abstract The ferrite-martensite interfacial energy and equilibrium interfacial length as a function of martensite carbon content are assessed using first-principles atomistic simulations. The weight percent of carbon in the martensite phase was implicitly varied from 0.6 to 1.8 wt percent by modifying the lattice constant of body-centered tetragonal (BCT) martensite according to Kurdjumov and Kaminsky’s empirical expressions. With increasing carbon content, a decrease is found in both the interfacial energy and in the equilibrium distance between ferrite and martensite interfaces. Moreover, the Morse interatomic potentials between the atoms in the ferrite-martensite interface for four different martensite carbon contents are calculated, and the parameters of the Morse potential are correlated linearly with the martensite carbon content. In addition, the dissociation local strains during uniaxial loading in a direction normal to the interfacial plane are calculated from the interatomic potentials. The local strain at the interface needed for ferrite-martensite interface separation increases with increase in martensite carbon content. The fitted expressions can be used to predict the ferrite-martensite interfacial energy, equilibrium interfacial distance, dissociation local strain at the interface, and the Morse parameters as functions of martensite carbon content within the range of 0.6–1.8 wt percent. Furthermore, the introduced implicit method can potentially be used to study the mechanical properties of other materials with dopant impurities such as n-type and p-type semiconductors.
Commission des Classifications Spectrales et Indices de Couleur a Plusieurs Bandes

It is our sad duty to record at the outset of this first report of Commission 45 the loss by death of four of the Commission’s most distinguished members: Daniel Barbier, Bertil Lindblad, Jason J. Nassau, and Robert M. Petrie. And, though not Commission members, it is appropriate to add to this list the names of Dean B. McLaughlin and Joel Stebbins. Each of these six men was, in his own way, a real pioneer in the fields of interest to this Commission. Their work will long live in the memory of their successors. Our deepest sympathy goes to their families and colleagues.
A COMPARISON OF SCREENING TESTS TO DETECT ABNORMAL MILK1

The results of the Feulgen-DNA-color optical density and score, the California mastitis test (CMT) score, viscosity developed in milk samples by addition of equal volume of CMT reagent, the catalase test, the (direct microscopic count bf leucocytes, and the proportion of live leucocytes were compared using fresh, quarter, and bucket milk samples and 1 to 2 day old bulk milk samples. The Feulgen-DNA-color gave. good correlations with all the tests in all types of samples, except with the CMT of bulk samples. The CMT score and viscosity gave good correlations with all the tests on fresh milk samples and insignificant correlation with stored milk samples. The catalase test gave good correlations with all other tests in fresh samples and low but significant correlations with stored samples. Quarter and bucket milk samples contained 71% and 74% live leucocytes and bulk milk samples contained 42% live leucocytes. Holding of milk at 5 C for 5 days did not significantly change the Feulgen-DNA-color and catalase a...
The Journey to Children's Mindsets—and Beyond

My career has been devoted to understanding the nature, workings, and development of children's motivation. Starting with research on motivation in animals, I went on to study the motivational impact of children's attributions, achievement goals, and mindsets about their abilities. I have explored how socialization practices affect these mindsets, as well as how interventions that change children's mindsets can enhance their motivation and learning. I am now developing a broad theory that puts motivation and the formation of mindsets (or beliefs) at the heart of social and personality development. It is hoped that this will attract even more young scholars in developmental psychology to the study of motivation.
Live Cell Super-Resolution Microscopy Measures Membrane-Driven Sorting of B Cell Receptor Signaling Partners

B cells are acutely sensitive to stimulation through antigen-induced clustering of the B cell receptor (BCR). Transduction of the activation signal, which is key for the adaptive immune response, involves rearrangement of membrane-resident signaling molecules relative to clustered BCR. The details and dynamics of this re-organization have been difficult to directly observe due to the small dimensions of signaling complexes and the potentially weak or transient interactions that drive their formation. To overcome these obstacles, we have utilized live-cell super-resolution localization microscopy to simultaneously image BCR and other membrane species during antigen-induced cell activation. The sensitivity of this quantitative technique has allowed us to measure the effects of subtle forces, such as those originating from lipid compositional heterogeneity, that influence the interactions of BCR with its signaling partners. We found that minimal membrane-anchored probes that partition into ordered domains of model membranes co-localize with BCR clusters, while anchors that partition into disordered domains are excluded from clusters, suggesting that BCR clusters can nucleate local enrichment of a specific lipid composition. We are exploring the effects of membrane-driven sorting on recruitment of BCR signaling proteins to receptor clusters and how it contributes to their specific role in signal transduction. In particular, we have found that the palmitoylated transmembrane adapter proteins LAT2, LIME, and PAG, which serve distinct adapter functions in BCR signaling, are diferentially recruited to BCR clusters. This differential recruitment is due to a combination of interactions between the transmembrane domains of these proteins with the membrane and to specific protein-protein interactions. Our results suggest that the membrane influences local sorting of downstream signaling proteins around BCR clusters and provide insight on the forces driving regulation of BCR signaling.
The Conceptual Foundations of Transitional Justice

Many countries have attempted to transition to democracy following conflict or repression, but the basic meaning of transitional justice remains hotly contested. In this book, Colleen Murphy analyses transitional justice - showing how it is distinguished from retributive, corrective, and distributive justice - and outlines the ethical standards which societies attempting to democratize should follow. She argues that transitional justice involves the just pursuit of societal transformation. Such transformation requires political reconciliation, which in turn has a complex set of institutional and interpersonal requirements including the rule of law. She shows how societal transformation is also influenced by the moral claims of victims and the demands of perpetrators, and how justice processes can fail to be just by failing to foster this transformation or by not treating victims and perpetrators fairly. Her book will be accessible and enlightening for philosophers, political and social scientists, policy analysts, and legal and human rights scholars and activists.
On the Contribution of Multi-Point Experimental Techniques to the Study of Turbulence

Experimental methods such as planar laser induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry, offer the ability to measure flow properties, scalar or vector, at many points simultaneously. The manner in which such experimental methods are likely to advance the frontiers of turbulence research, and the challenges that must be surmounted are discussed.
Faculty Engagement in Cultural Mentoring as Instructors of Short-Term Study Abroad Courses.

The purpose of this study was to explore what cultural mentoring looks like in practice in short-term study abroad courses, how frequently instructors engage in cultural mentoring, and what demographic and background variables might predict the extent to which faculty members engage in cultural mentoring. Using data from a survey of 473 faculty members from 72 U.S. colleges and universities who had recently taught short-term study abroad courses, we identified four types of cultural mentoring behaviors – Expectation Setting, Explaining the Host Culture, Exploring Self in Culture, and Facilitating Connections. We also identified key predictors of the frequency with which participants engaged in cultural mentoring, including rank, race/ethnicity, and discipline.
Increased nationwide use of stereoencephalography for intracranial epilepsy electroencephalography recordings.

Abstract Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) can be performed using minimally invasive stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) or by implanting subdural electrodes via a craniotomy or multiple burr holes. There is anecdotal evidence that SEEG is becoming more common in the United States, though this has yet to be quantified. To address this question, all SEEG and burr hole/craniotomy subdural iEEG procedures were extracted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Part B data files for the years 2000–2016. National trends were compared over time. In 2016, SEEG became the most frequently performed intracranial monitoring procedure in the Medicare population, increasing from 28.8% of total cases in 2000 to 43.1% in 2016 (p = 0.02). The proportion of strip electrode cases (through burr holes) significantly declined, while the frequency of craniotomies for subdural grid placement did not significantly change. These data are consistent with a nationwide increase in the utilization of SEEG with a concomitant decline in burr hole placement of subdural strip electrodes in the United States. The factors driving these changes are unknown, but are likely due in part to the desire for minimally invasive surgical options.
Crosslinkable TEGMC asymmetric hollow fiber membranes for aggressive sour gas separations

Abstract Hollow fiber membranes were prepared from TEGMC ( T ri E thylene G lycol M onoesterified C rosslinkable) 6FDA-DAM:DABA (3:2) polyimide and shown to retain their stability and permselectivity under aggressive sour gas feed conditions. The H2S/CH4 and CO2/CH4 permselectivities of these cross-linked fibers exceeded those of dense-film membranes, which is attributed to polymer-chain alignment induced during the spinning process. Morover, when the crosslinked fibers were post-treated to deposit a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer on the skin, high-pressure performance under mixed-gas feeds improved even further. We hypothesize that the PDMS layer healed subtle morphological imperfections in the chain-oriented fiber skin even under challenging feed conditions. The high-performance membranes showed CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 permselectivity values as high as 55 and 29, respectively for a 5% H2S, 45% CO2, and 50% CH4 feed at 35 °C. An even more aggressive 20% H2S, 20% CO2, 60% CH4 mixed gas feed with 500 psig feed pressure was also used and showed CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 permselectivity values of 47 and 22, respectively.
Myelin Basic Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Medical diagnosis is greatly aided by laboratory tests that indicate damage or malfunction in specific tissues. Since most tissues have direct access to the blood, changes in the physiological or pathological state of specific organs are often reflected by changes in blood composition or the appearance of specific tissue markers. For example, specific enzymes are elevated in the serum after damage to heart, liver, or muscle. Development of diagnostic tests for disorders of the nervous system, however, has been hindered by lack of specific neural markers. Moreover, the central nervous system (CNS) usually lacks direct exchange with blood because of the blood-brain barrier. The fluid compartment in direct contact with the CNS is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and one might expect that pathological changes in the CNS would be reflected in the CSF.
Effects of a temporal break between mobilization and conditioning on complications and hospitalization charges in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT).

e20002Background: ASCT remains an important therapeutic modality in myeloma but can be associated with high cost, prolonged hospitalization and potential complications. We retrospectively analyzed ...
Genomic Signatures Predict the Immunogenicity of BRCA-Deficient Breast Cancer

Purpose: Breast cancers with BRCA1/2 alterations have a relatively high mutational load, suggesting that immune checkpoint blockade may be a potential treatment option. However, the degree of immune cell infiltration varies widely, and molecular features contributing to this variability remain unknown. Experimental Design: We hypothesized that genomic signatures might predict immunogenicity in BRCA1/2 breast cancers. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) genomic data, we compared breast cancers with (89) and without (770) either germline or somatic BRCA1/2 alterations. We also studied 35 breast cancers with germline BRCA1/2 mutations from Penn using WES and IHC. Results: We found that homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores were negatively associated with expression-based immune indices [cytolytic index (P = 0.04), immune ESTIMATE (P = 0.002), type II IFN signaling (P = 0.002)] despite being associated with a higher mutational/neoantigen burden, in BRCA1/2 mutant breast cancers. Further, absence of allele-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH negative; P = 0.01) or subclonality (P = 0.003) of germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations, respectively, predicted for heightened cytolytic activity. Gene set analysis found that multiple innate and adaptive immune pathways that converge on NF-κB may contribute to this heightened immunogenicity. IHC of Penn breast cancers demonstrated increased CD45+ (P = 0.039) and CD8+ infiltrates (P = 0.037) and increased PDL1 expression (P = 0.012) in HRD-low or LOH-negative cancers. Triple-negative cancers with low HRD had far greater CD8+ T cells (P = 0.0011) and Perforin 1 expression (P = 0.014) compared with hormone receptor-positive HRD-high cancers. Conclusions: HRD scores and hormone receptor subtype are predictive of immunogenicity in BRCA1/2 breast cancers and may inform the design of optimal immune therapeutic strategies.
Institutional enforcement, signaling, and deliberation: Rock climbers attempting to maintain rules and norms through social sanctioning

Scholars have long recognized the importance of social sanctions in enforcing rules and norms. This paper draws attention to additional functions that social sanctioning serves in institutional maintenance - signaling and deliberation - and compares how these functions differ across cases of externally imposed rules and community-derived norms. The examination is conducted through a comparative case analysis of self-governance in rock climbing communities. In one case, a climber’s infraction of land management regulations instituted to protect nesting raptors not only violates climbing institutions, but may pose a threat to access to a popular climbing area. In a second case, a climber’s installation of climbing bolts in an area of historical climbing significance violates long-held community norms, without breaching formal rules. In both cases, the transgressors experience social sanctions online (i.e. on the internet), and face off-line consequences. Study findings suggest that social sanctions serve multiple functions in the maintenance of rock climbing institutions, and that these functions vary depending on the type of the institution that is violated. The article closes with the implications of study findings for the broader understanding of community institutions and institutional maintenance.
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between the Voltage- and Use-Dependent Nav1.7 Channel Blocker Vixotrigine and Carbamazepine in Healthy Volunteers.

Vixotrigine is a voltage- and use-dependent Nav1.7 channel blocker under investigation for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain conditions, including trigeminal neuralgia. Vixotrigine is metabolized primarily via uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Carbamazepine, a UGT and cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer, is a first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-center phase 1 study to investigate the impact of coadministering vixotrigine and carbamazepine on their respective pharmacokinetics (PK) in healthy volunteers, the safety and tolerability of combined treatment, and PK recovery of vixotrigine following carbamazepine discontinuation. Randomly assigned treatments were carbamazepine (100 mg twice a day, days 1-3 and 200 mg twice a day, days 4-21) or placebo on days 1 to 21. All volunteers received vixotrigine 150 mg 3 times a day on days 16 to 28. At prespecified times, whole-blood samples were collected for PK assessment. Statistical analyses were performed on the log-transformed PK parameters area under the concentration-time curve within a dosing interval (AUC0-tau ) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax ) for vixotrigine, carbamazepine, and metabolites. Vixotrigine AUC0-tau and Cmax were reduced by 31.6% and 26.3%, respectively, when coadministered with carbamazepine compared with placebo. Seven days after carbamazepine discontinuation, vixotrigine AUC0-tau and Cmax remained 24.5% and 21.4% lower compared with placebo. Carbamazepine AUC0-tau and Cmax were <10% lower when coadministered with vixotrigine compared on days 15 and 21. Vixotrigine/carbamazepine coadministration was well tolerated. These results suggest that vixotrigine does not have an effect on carbamazepine PK, and although carbamazepine has an effect on the exposure of vixotrigine, the effect is not considered clinically relevant.
Synthesis and crystal structures of a bis-(3-hy-droxy-cyclo-hex-2-en-1-one) and two hexa-hydro-quinoline derivatives.

The title compound I, 2,2′-[(2-nitro­phen­yl)methyl­ene]bis­(3-hy­droxy-5,5-di­methyl­cyclo­hex-2-enone), C23H27NO6, features a 1,3-ketone–enol conformation which is stabilized by two intra­molecular hydrogen bonds. The most prominent inter­molecular inter­actions in compound I are C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link mol­ecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to the (001) plane and a chain perpendicular to (1\overline{1}1). Both title compounds II, ethyl 4-(4-hy­droxy-3,5-di­meth­oxy­phen­yl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexa­hydro­quinoline-3-carb­oxyl­ate, C23H29NO6, and III, ethyl 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexa­hydro­quinoline-3-carboxyl­ate, C29H29NO3, share the same structural features, such as a shallow boat conformation of the di­hydro­pyridine group and an orthogonal aryl group attached to the di­hydro­pyridine. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O bonding is present in the crystal packing of both compound II and III.
Bounds on maximum concurrent flow in random bipartite graphs

Algorithms that exploit the duality between maximum concurrent flow and sparse cuts in a graph can effectively discover hierarchical community structures in social networks. We analyze the maximum concurrent flow on random bipartite graphs and compare the results to two bounds based on graph structure.. The minimum degree bound is based on a sparse cut that removes a node of minimum degree. The other is the “gridlock” bound, where all edges are saturated with flow. We show that the gridlock bound is more constraining when the minimum degree of the graph is sufficiently large, and provide a way to calculate this bound on graphs of diameter three, which occurs with high probability on larger random bipartite graphs.
An Evaluation of Leadership Professional Development for Early Childhood Directors

The Early Childhood Directors Leadership Institute (ECDLI) project addressed a need for effective professional development with a series of Institutes using the Program Administration Scale (PAS), ...