cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitizing T-lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy by vaccination with wild-type or cytokine gene-transduced melanoma.

Background: For the relatively nonimmunogenic B16-F10 murine melanoma, it has been found that genetically engineered expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) but not interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, or interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) resulted in a vaccine that could induce resistance to rechallenge. Because T cells from lymph nodes draining the sites of some progressive tumors can mediate tumor regression after in vitro activation, it seemed possible that even apparently nonimmunogenic melanoma cells might induce similar preeffector cells in the vaccine-draining lymph nodes (DLNs). Methods: C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with B16-F10 cells that were either unmodified or genetically modified to produce IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, or IFN-γ. DLNs were harvested 10 days after vaccination for adoptive immunotherapy (AIT). The DLN cells were activated with bryostatin 1 and ionomycin (B/I), expanded for 10 days in culture, and transferred to mice with 3-day pulmonary metastases. Pulmonary nodules were counted 14 days after AIT. Results: Adoptive transfer of expanded DLN lymphocytes sensitized by inoculation of WT B16-F10, or IL-4, GM-CSF, or IFN-γ expressing cells significantly reduced pulmonary metastases. Despite the spontaneous regression of IL-2-transduced B16-F10 tumors, DLN from mice inoculated with IL-2 producing B16 cells had little or no antitumor activity. Conclusions: B16-F10 vaccination strategies that apparently do not induce systemic immunity can effectively sensitize DLN preeffector cells.
Impressions of algal mats from the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, northwestern Montana, U.S.A.

Irregular, low relief bedding-plane markings which probably represent impressions of thin, wrinkled algal mats have recently been detected in mudstones from the 1100 m.y. old Snowslip Formation, Belt Supergroup, Glacier National Park, Montana. Algal-mat impressions are rarely reported from ancient strata, yet algal mats are common in certain modern environments. Originating primarily in moist settings and in relatively quiescent shallow-water settings, such structures may be of some value in interpreting ancient depositional environments.
Peculiar and anomalous cloaking features of plasmonic materials

We present here the main features of cloaking based on plasmonic materials, together with some novel aspects of the exotic and anomalous features that such plasmonic shells may provide. In particular, in addition to scattering cancellation features, we discuss a special condition for which a suitably designed plasmonic metamaterial shell may produce an anti-resonant (very low) scattering, independently of the specific properties of the object placed inside it. Different from classic plasmonic cloaking, this condition may provide novel physical insights into the anomalous scattering properties of plasmonic shells, and it may lead to various interesting possibilities for applications.
Pressure-Induced Transmembrane αII- to αI-Helical Conversion in Bacteriorhodopsin: An Infrared Spectroscopic Study

Decreases in the infrared spectroscopic amide A frequencies from 3308 to 3291 cm-1 of native purple membrane as a function of pressure are consistent with a gradual αII- to αI-helical conversion fo...
Cross-sectional echocardiographic localization of sites of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

Real-time, motion studies of sagittal crosssectional anatomy were obtained by the multicrystal echo method (Bom) in 37 consecutive patients with LVOTO prior to their hemodynamic study. In each patient the echo findings allowed the prediction of the site of obstruction. Thus, in valve aortic stenosis (VAS) diagnostic findings included dilation of the ascending aorta, thickened cusp tissue, increased superior-inferior cusp excursion with poor lateral mobility (doming). The site of supravalvar aortic narrowing was observed readily although the echo findings often underestimated the degree of obstruction noted at catheterization. In patients with discrete subaortic stenosis (DSAS) the major finding was a localized thickening of the septum at its insertion into the anterior aortic wall. The combination of DSAS and VAS could be identified as well as mitral valve abnormalities associated with LVOTO. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy and mitral leaflet systolic anterior motion were noted in all patients with IHSS. Thus, this new echo approach allows the accurate localization of the site of LVOTO and the detection of associated malformations. The method has substantial merit as an initial test to establish diagnosis and allows more appropriate planning of subsequent hemodynamic study.
Inhibitory Action of NoxA1 on Dual Oxidase Activity in Airway Cells

Imbalance between pro- and antioxidant mechanisms in the lungs can compromise pulmonary functions, including blood oxygenation, host defense, and maintenance of an anti-inflammatory environment. Thus, tight regulatory control of reactive oxygen species is critical for proper lung function. Increasing evidence supports a role for the NADPH oxidase dual oxidase (Duox) as an important source for regulated H2O2 production in the respiratory tract epithelium. In this study Duox expression, function, and regulation were investigated in a fully differentiated, mucociliary airway epithelium model. Duox-mediated H2O2 generation was dependent on calcium flux, which was required for dissociation of the NADPH oxidase regulatory protein Noxa1 from plasma membrane-bound Duox. A functional Duox1-based oxidase was reconstituted in model cell lines to permit mutational analysis of Noxa1 and Duox1. Although the activation domain of Noxa1 was not required for Duox function, mutation of a proline-rich domain in the Duox C terminus, a potential interaction motif for the Noxa1 Src homology domain 3, caused up-regulation of basal and stimulated H2O2 production. Similarly, knockdown of Noxa1 in airway cells increased basal H2O2 generation. Our data indicate a novel, inhibitory function for Noxa1 in Duox regulation. This represents a new paradigm for control of NADPH oxidase activity, where second messenger-promoted conformational change of the Nox structure promotes oxidase activation by relieving constraint induced by regulatory components.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. ix. 305 pp., illustrations, maps, photographs, index.
Using noxious weed lists to prioritize targets for developing weed management strategies

Abstract To identify the most commonly regulated weedy plants in the United States and southern Canada, we compiled a database of noxious weed lists obtained from the 48 continental states and six bordering provinces. The 10 most frequently listed weeds are Cirsium arvense, Carduus nutans, Lythrum spp. (includes purple loosestrife), Convolvulus arvensis, Euphorbia esula, Acroptilon repens, Sorghum spp. (includes johnsongrass and shattercane), Cardaria spp. (includes hoary cress, also called whitetop), Centaurea maculosa, and Sonchus arvensis. When genera are ranked, the top genus is Centaurea, which includes C. maculosa, C. diffusa, and C. solstitalis. Biological control programs have targeted many of the top dicotyledonous weeds of national concern, but none of the weedy grasses and sedges. We recommend that exploratory studies be initiated to determine the feasibility of developing biological control agents for the latter species. The complete database of noxious weed lists is available on the Internet ...
FHA: Recent History and Future Prospects

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) deserves considerable credit for helping support the housing market during the recent financial crisis by increasing its own market share. However, as the recovery continues, the FHA can gradually return to its “traditional” role as an insurer of low-down-payment home mortgages for low-to-moderate-income and first-time homebuyers. A major concern going forward is susceptibility to increased adverse selection if it continues in nontraditional markets. Indeed, the modest market share of the FHA going into the housing collapse was important both in limiting its losses and in allowing it to maintain the market when other traditional secondary market makers failed.
Creating Attitudinal Change Through Teaching How a Course on “Women and Violence” Changes Students’ Attitudes About Violence Against Women

Research on violence against women has consistently revealed that rape-myth acceptance (RMA) is high correlated with rape rates and victim blaming. Other research has shown that education about violence against women is a useful strategy for lessening or stopping various types of violence, particularly rape. Using data gathered at a medium-sized public university in the Northeast, the authors examine changes in rape myth acceptance over the course of a semester among undergraduate students. Comparing students in classes having a greater or lesser emphasis on gender issues (ranging from general sociology to a course specifically addressing violence against women), the authors found significant changes in RMA among students taking a course concentrating on violence against women. The authors conclude that having college courses specifically focused on violence against women can be an effective strategy for changing attitudes about both rape and rape victims.
Relevance of particle-induced rat lung tumors for assessing lung carcinogenic hazard and human lung cancer risk.

Rats and other rodents are exposed by inhalation to identify agents that might present hazards for lung cancer in humans exposed by inhalation. In some cases, the results are used in attempts to de...
Relative order and location of DNA sequences on chromosome 21 linked to familial Alzheimer disease

Recently, a gene causing familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) was linked to DNA probes on chromosome 21 by genetic analysis. To investigate the precise physical location of these DNA probes, we have constructed a physical map of this region of chromosome 21 by using quantitative Southern blot analysis of cell lines aneuploid for parts of chromosome 21. The following DNA sequences were investigated: D21S16, D21S13, FB68L (cDNA probe for the amyloid protein precursor [APP] gene), and D21S1. We find that all DNA probes are located in the same region of chromosome 21, in q11.2-q21.05. We further show that D21S16 must be centromeric to D21S13, because D21S16, but not D21S13 is present in one copy in a cell line with deletion of the region 21pter-21q 11.2. High resolution chromosome analysis is presented to define this breakpoint. This new panel of aneuploid cell lines will allow the rapid mapping of new DNA probes in the vicinity of the FAD gene.
Ocular autopsy and histopathologic features of child abuse.

Purpose To study the ocular histopathologic features in eyes of children with fatal suspected child abuse. Design Retrospective case series. Participants One hundred eighteen autopsy cases of known or suspected child abuse. Methods The ocular autopsy and histopathologic features of a cohort of consecutive cases of known or presumed child abuse submitted by Maryland's Office of the Chief Medical Examiner or Johns Hopkins Hospital to the Wilmer Eye Pathology Laboratory were tabulated. Main Outcome Measure Ocular hemorrhage or structural abnormality. Results Retinal hemorrhage was present in 44% of cases. Circumferential folds with macular schisis cavities were present in 23% of cases and were bilateral in half of those cases. Peripapillary scleral hemorrhage was present in 38% of cases, and subdural hemorrhage was present in the distal optic nerve in 46% of cases. Hemosiderin was present in 27% of cases. Conclusions Intraretinal hemorrhages, circumferential macular folds with schisis cavities, peripapillary scleral hemorrhages, and subdural hemorrhages are common pathologic findings in cases of fatal known or suspected child abuse. Their presence on autopsy should raise the suspicion of shaking or blunt nonaccidental trauma.
Do transposable elements really contribute to proteomes

Recent studies indicate that the initial classification of transposable elements (TEs) as ‘useless', ‘selfish' or ‘junk' pieces of DNA is not an accurate one. TEs seem to have complex regulatory functions and contribute to the coding regions of many genes. Because this contribution had been documented only at transcript level, we searched for evidence that would also support the translation of TE cassettes. Our findings suggest that the proportion of proteins with TE-encoded fragments (∼0.1%), although probably underestimated, is much less than what the data at transcript level suggest (∼4%). In all cases, the TE cassettes are derived from old TEs, consistent with the idea that incorporation (exaptation) of TE fragments into functional proteins requires long evolutionary periods. We therefore argue that functional proteins are unlikely to contain TE cassettes derived from young TEs, the role of which is probably limited to regulatory functions.
Average locus differences in mutability related to protein "class": a hypothesis.

Abstract Substantially less genetic variation has been recognized in studies of the proteins of nucleated cells by the technique of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than has been encountered in studies of serum transport proteins and erythrocyte enzymes with one-dimensional electrophoresis. Technical factors appear to account for only part of the difference. The two remaining (nonexclusive) explanations are more stringent biological selection against variants of these proteins or lower mutation rates at the loci encoding the proteins visualized with two-dimensional electrophoresis. While the former possibility cannot be rigorously excluded, the evidence suggests the latter hypothesis merits serious consideration. Some consequences of this latter suggestion for genetic monitoring and the interpretation of molecular evolution are mentioned.
Effective Elastic Properties of Cracked Solids: Critical Review of Some Basic Concepts

The problem of effective moduli of cracked solids is critically reviewed. Various approaches to the problem are discussed; they are further assessed by comparing their predictions to results for sample deterministic arrays. These computer experiments indicate that the approximation of noninteracting cracks has a wider than expected range of applicability. Some of the deficiencies of various approximate schemes seem to be related to inadequacy of the conventionally used crack density parameter (insensitive to mutual positions of cracks). An alternative parameter that has this sensitivity, is suggested. Finally, the problem of effective moduli is discussed in the context of {open_quotes}damage mechanics{close_quotes}. It is argued that, contrary to the spirit of many damage models, there is no direct quantitative correlation between progression of a microcracking solid towards fracture and deterioration of its stiffness; thus, the effective moduli may not always serve as a reliable indicator of damage. 84 refs., 14 figs.
In situ X‐ray crystallography

A method is proposed, and preliminary experiments are described, for collection of X-ray data from macromolecular crystals in situ. The usual processes of mounting for either room-temperature or cryogenic X-ray data collection are eliminated by growing crystals, using vapor diffusion, on small supports or films that can be either frozen or treated before transfer directly to the X-ray beam. The approach has the advantage that individual crystals are never manipulated and it is not necessary to isolate single crystals. Furthermore, crystals fixed to the surface on which they grow provides a positive advantage, small and otherwise problematic crystals become serviceable, and robotic or automated data collection becomes simplified.
Roles of Skeletal Scintigraphy and FDG PET in Evaluation of Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer

With the development of positron emission tomography (PET) as well as hybrid PET scanners with computed tomography (CT), there have been questions raised about the traditional approaches to staging breast carcinoma. In particular, the use of PET and PET/CT for a one-stop evaluation without conventional bone scanning is under investigation. The following article reviews the literature in regards to the continued use of bone scanning and the importance of further evaluation in the era of PET/CT.
Abstract 1235: Induction of a p21 mediated senescence program by p53 impairs the apoptotic response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL How p53 mediates response to DNA damage induced by chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer is not well understood with few mechanistic studies addressing the conflicting reports in the literature. We have used the MMTV-Wnt1 mouse model of breast cancer to examine the role of the p53 pathway in the biochemical, cellular and clinical response to doxorubicin. We found that treatment of p53 wild type breast tumors, or heterozygous tumors that retained the wild type allele, resulted in an initial mean tumor regression of only 35%, followed by stable disease (∼1 to 2 weeks) and relapse by 11 days. Surprisingly, we found that breast tumors with mutant p53 responded better to treatment, with regression of 70% and 24 days to relapse (p<0.001). Investigating the mechanism of these responses, we found that p53 mutant tumors harvested 24 hours after final treatment did not induce p53 targets after treatment when compared to untreated tumors, did not enter proliferative arrest, but did undergo p53-independent apoptosis, consistent with tumor regression data. Conversely, treated p53 wild type tumors induced p53 targets such as p21 and Puma, were negative for the proliferation marker Ki67, and did not induce apoptosis. Further characterization of the partial response in p53 wild type tumors revealed that tumors harvested in the stable arrest phase (7-14 days after treatment) had elevated markers of senescence, including p21, Dec1, Dcr2, p15, p16 and PML, compared to relapsed or resistant tumors. To more precisely address which of the myriad p53 functions was responsible for the poor response in p53 wild type tumors, we bred the MMTV-Wnt1 mice into a p21 null background and treated and monitored mice that formed tumors. We found that genetic loss of p21 in the tumors was sufficient to achieve the dramatic response observed in p53 null tumors. These data show that p53 mediated activation of a senescence program via p21 is the primary outcome in treated MMTV-Wnt1tumors, resulting in an incomplete response, stable disease and eventual early relapse, while treated p53 mutant or p21 null tumors undergo cell death and tumor regression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1235. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1235
DETECTION OF AMPHETAMINE IN BLOODSTAINS, SEMEN, SEMINAL STAINS, SALIVA, AND SALIVA STAINS

Abstract Low nanogram quantities of amphetamine were detected in 100μl samples of dried bloodstains using radioimmunoassay. Saliva, saliva stains, semen, and seminal stains also contained measurable quantities of the drug.
Noctilucent clouds as possible indicators of global change in the mesosphere

Abstract Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are ice clouds near the high-latitude mesopause region, occurring in summer. These clouds have been implicated as possible harbingers of permanent changes in the upper atmosphere. Their year-to-year variations have been characterized by a semi-quantitative index, the number of nights per season in which they were reported. In this paper we compare early studies of NLC year-to-year variability with data from the modern era, including observations from Europe, the USSR and North America. This review focuses on the possible influence on NLC of water vapor variability. We compare the noctilucent cloud time series, which indicate a strong upward trend in the 1964–1986 period, with changes expected of atmospheric water vapor at the mean height of the clouds (83 km). At this height, both methane-induced changes and 11-year solar-UV induced changes are expected to be the main forcings. Using the data available for surface methane and for solar Lyman-alpha fluxes, we estimate the water vapor changes due to methane oxidation, and to Lyman-α induced photodissociation of water vapor. For the periodic (10-year) component, the NLC time series was found to significantly correlate with Lyman-α flux data, for nearly all available multi-decadal NLC data sets. As first shown by Gadsden for the European data, the correlations are highest when the time lag of NLC following solar cycle minimum is two to three years. This result places into considerable doubt the hypothesis of direct solar Lyman-α control of NLC. Volcanism appears to have had a negligible influence, with the possible exception of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption.
Multiple Imputation Strategies for Multiple Group Structural Equation Models

Although structural equation modeling software packages use maximum likelihood estimation by default, there are situations where one might prefer to use multiple imputation to handle missing data rather than maximum likelihood estimation (e.g., when incorporating auxiliary variables). The selection of variables is one of the nuances associated with implementing multiple imputation, because the imputer must take special care to preserve any associations or special features of the data that will be modeled in the subsequent analysis. For example, this article deals with multiple group models that are commonly used to examine moderation effects in psychology and the behavioral sciences. Special care must be exercised when using multiple imputation with multiple group models, as failing to preserve the interactive effects during the imputation phase can produce biased parameter estimates in the subsequent analysis phase, even when the data are missing completely at random or missing at random. This study inve...
Clarity and Honor: Values in Conflict with Ambition:

The criticism is often made of sociology, especially in the US, that it is mired in ethnocentrism, provincialism, needlessly scientistic methods, and a depoliticized quest for the status of a ‘true science’. Though a strong case can be made for such an accusation, it is also true that certain exemplars have succeeded in transcending these crippling shortcomings of practice and imagination. One such scholar is examined in this article with an eye toward not only the scope of the work attempted, but the rhetorical posture that made his notable success possible. It seems to be the case that certain gifted members of the ‘Sixties generation’, through cross-disciplinary education and with cosmopolitan intentions, managed to create a new type of sociology in the US during the 1980s and 1990s which had not existed before. This article explores one such case.
Deglycosylated Membranous and Soluble Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Have Identical Apparent Molecular Weights

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase exists as soluble and membrane-bound forms in secretory vesicles. The soluble form of the enzyme contains identical subunits of 72 kDa and the membrane-bound form contains two non-identical subunits of 72 kDa and 75 kDa. The difference in the banding pattern on sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests the presence of either an extra peptide, or membrane-binding segment, or differential glycosylation of 75-kDa subunits of the membranous form. Soluble and membranous forms of the enzyme were deglycosylated with endoglycosidases to elucidate the contribution of the carbohydrate moieties to the banding pattern on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel. The deglycosylated species of both forms appeared to be identical and showed a decrease in apparent molecular weights to 66 kDa. These results indicate that the banding pattern of soluble and membranous dopamine beta-hydroxylase on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis may not be due to a membrane-binding anchor but rather to carbohydrate moieties.
Infusion of protein hydrolysates in the newborn infant: Plasma amino acid concentrations

Protein hydrolysate infusions commonly administered to young infants unable to sustain adequate protein intake contain large amounts of glutamate and aspartate. Neurotoxic effects have been reported in other species and were attributed to high doses of these amino acids. Plasma glutamate and aspartate levels in infants treated with such preparations were within normal limits, but other amino acids were markedly below fasting levels. Plasma amino acid levels quickly reflected the amino acid composition of the hydrolysate and some degree of amino acid imbalance resulted when either of the 2 products employed in this study constituted the sole source of protein intake.
In Praise of Mortality: Impermane and Intimacy

Fear of death and losses in life contribute to withdrawal from the world and lack of knowledge about oneself. Finding one’s place in the world is facilitated by appreciating impermanence, immersing oneself in nature, and becoming fully present in intimate relationships. This reflection integrates literature and poetry to explore the challenges and opportunities presented by impermanence.
Molecular hyperfine-structure calculations using an uncoupled representation

Matrix elements and a computational procedure are presented for the calculation of hyperfine splitting of rotational energy levels of a molecule containing an arbitrary number of nuclear spins. The uncoupled representation is used to obtain a more direct and unambiguous procedure. Matrix elements are given for the quadrupole, spin-spin, spin-rotation and Stark-effect interactions. Results of calculations are discussed for the case of three equivalent spins of I = 1. Example calculations are given for Stark splittings of two MASER states of acetonitrile.
Quantitative Hot-Wire Measurements in Supersonic Boundary Layers

Mean and time-resolved measurements in a supersonic boundary layer were performed in the Mach 3.5 quiet tunnel facility at the NASA Langley Research Center. This facility uses an annular bleed suction system to remove the turbulent boundary layer, thus reducing the disturbance intensities in the measurement region. A frequency-compensatedconstant current hot-wire anemometer was used to obtain fluctuation data in the boundary layer of a sharp cone at zero angle of attack. The hotwire was calibrated against the mean mass-flux profiles provided by solutions of the similarity profiles for compressible Blasius flow. A stability analysis code provided by Langley was used to solve parabolized stability equations to provide predictions of the most amplified wave-numbers, frequencies, and N-factors for the Tollmien-Schlicting instability. The results from these computations are compared to the experimental measurements performed with the anemometer. In addition, these measurements are compared to spectra obtained in high-disturbance conditions with the bleed system turned off.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Public relations confidentiality: An analysis of pr practitioner–client privilege in high profile litigation

This article explores the legal protection given to confidential information between public relations practitioners and their clients under U.S. law. Increasingly, federal courts have recognized the importance of having a media strategy during high profile litigation. However, courts have a mixed approach for protecting confidential information divulged to PR practitioners during litigation. This article analyzes recent U.S. court decisions extending attorney–client privilege to non-lawyers and provides suggestions on when attorney–client privilege may extend to PR practitioners.
A quantitative analysis of roundness error in cylindrical chuck grinding

Abstract Variables that affect the form inaccuracy of roundness in cylindrical chuck grinding have been recognized only in a qualitative manner. This paper presents a new experimental technique which allows the simultaneous and on-line measurement of roundness. A simultaneous measurement is necessary to arrive at a quantitative analysis of the roundness error. The mathematical treatment used for this quantitative analysis is based on modeling the measured data with a bivariate Time Series model. The results indicate that, on the cylindrical grinding machine under consideration, 75% of the roundness error was due to the spindle error motion and most of the remainder was due to forced vibration of the grinding wheel.
Modulation of morphine sensitization in the rat by contextual stimuli

Rationale: The repeated administration of addictive drugs, such as amphetamine, cocaine, and morphine, produces a progressive enhancement (sensitization) of their psychomotor activating effects. We have previously shown that administration of amphetamine or cocaine in a distinct test environment promotes more robust psychomotor sensitization than if they are given at home. No information is available, however, on whether this environmental manipulation has a similar effect on sensitization to morphine, a drug that enhances dopamine (DA) release in the striatum indirectly by disinhibiting midbrain DA neurons. Objectives: The main goal of present study was to determine whether exposure to a distinct environmental context facilitates morphine sensitization. Methods: As an index of psychomotor activation, we used rotational behavior in rats with a uni- lateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the mesostriatal DA system. There are inconsistencies in the literature regarding the ability of morphine to elicit rotational behavior. Therefore, in experiment 1 we determined the effect of 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mg/kg, IP, of morphine on rotational behavior. In experiment 2, we studied the effect of five consecutive IV infusions of saline or morphine (2.0 mg/kg) in rats treated either in their home cage or in a distinct and relatively novel test environment. After 5 days of withdrawal, all rats received an IV infusion of 2.0 mg/kg morphine (Morphine challenge). The following day all rats received an IV infusion of saline (Saline challenge). Results: Morphine produced a dose-dependent increase in rotational behavior. Environmental novelty enhanced both the acute psychomotor response to morphine and its ability to induce psychomotor sensitization. Furthermore, a conditioned rotational response was seen only in animals treated in the novel environment. Conclusions: Environmental novelty can facilitate the development of sensitization to the psychomotor activating effects of major addictive drugs, such as amphetamine, cocaine, and morphine.
The Effect of Childhood Emotional Maltreatment on the Emerging Attachment System and Later Intimate Relationships

Researchers have historically overlooked the influence of childhood emotional abuse on the emerging attachment system and the formation of later intimate relationships in adolescence and adulthood. The purpose of this special issue of the Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma is to shed some light on the role of emotional forms of child maltreatment on the development of attachment and provide some insight into how clinicians might overcome attachment difficulties that result from childhood histories of emotional abuse. This introduction provides a brief overview of each article in this special issue.
A Robust Method to Extract Talker Azimuth Orientation Using a Large-Aperture Microphone Array

Knowing the orientation of a talker in the focal area of a large-aperture microphone array enables the development of better beamforming algorithms (to obtain higher-quality speech output), improves source-location/tracking algorithms, and allows better selection and control of cameras in a video conference situation. Measurements in an anechoic room (e.g., Chu and Warnock, 2002) have quantified the average frequency-dependent magnitude (source radiation pattern) of the human speech source showing a front-to-back difference in magnitude that increases with frequency by about 8 dB/decade reaching about 18 dB at 8000 Hz. These amplitude differences, while severely masked by both coherent and noncoherent noise in a real environment, are the most extractable phenomena from a talker's orientation when compared to other phenomena such as phase differences due to the source or effects due to diffraction at the mouth. In this paper, we propose a robust, source-radiation-pattern-based method for extraction of the azimuth angle of a single talker for whom an accurate point-source location estimate is known. The method requires no a priori training and has been tested in more than 100 situations with real human talkers having various locations and orientations in a room equipped with a large aperture microphone array. We compare these results against earlier published algorithms and find that the method proposed herein is the most robust and is sufficient to be considered for a real time system.
Quality and purpose, quantity and chance

(1988). Quality and purpose, quantity and chance. Creativity Research Journal: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 68-74.
A Model for Evaluating Him Stakes Testing Programs: why the Fox Should Not Guard the Chicken Coop

Should high-stakes testing programs be subject to external review? How should such reviews be structured? Who should conduct the reviews? How would results be reported and to whom?
Altered contractile function in heart failure

The syndrome of congestive heart failure (CHF) is an entity of ever increasing clinical significance. CHF is characterized by a steady decrease in cardiac pump function which is eventually lethal. The mechanisms that underlie the decline in cardiac function are incompletely understood. End-stage CHF often involves the general loss of functional myocytes, a hyperplasia of the extracellular matrix, ventricular chamber remodeling, and decreased myocyte function. This review article focuses on the latter aspect of CHF, mechanisms of decreased myocyte function. Recent data from studies on human myocardial tissue obtained in the setting of cardiac transplantation or from studies that employed experimental animal models of CHF have suggested depressed myocyte function. The mechanisms that may be involved in the decline of myocyte contractile function include alterations in (i) calcium handling, (ii) myofilament function, and (iii) the cytoskeleton. At present, however, it is not known how or to what degree these alterations in cellular processes contribute to the decline of in vivo cardiac pump function in CHF. Accurate knowledge regarding the cellular processes that participate in the development of CHF is critical to the development of innovative strategies aimed to combat CHF.
Mimicry of bioactive peptides via non-natural, sequence-specific peptidomimetic oligomers.

Abstract Non-natural, sequence-specific peptidomimetic oligomers are being designed to mimic bioactive peptides, with potential therapeutic application. Cationic, facially amphipathic helical β-peptide oligomers have been developed as magainin mimetics. Non-natural mimics of HIV-Tat protein, lung surfactant proteins, collagen, and somatostatin are also being developed. Pseudo-tertiary structure in β-peptides and peptoids may herald the creation of entirely artificial proteins.
ESTIMATION AND BLIND DECONVOLUTION OF AUTOREGRESSIVE SYSTEMS WITH NONSTATIONARY BINARY INPUTS

. The problem of parameter estimation and blind deconvolution of auto-regressive (AR) systems with independent nonstationary binary inputs is considered. The estimation procedure consists of applying a moving-average filter (equalizer) to the observed data and adjusting the parameters of the filter so as to minimize a criterion that measures the binariness of its output. The output sequence itself serves as an estimate of the unobservable binary input of the AR system. Without assuming stationarity of the inputs, it is shown that the proposed method produces a consistent estimator of the AR system not only in the sense of converging to the true parameter as the sample size increases, but also in the sense of attaining the true parameter of the AR system for a sufficiently large sample size. For noisy data, the estimation criterion is modified on the basis of an asymptotic analysis of the effect of the noise. It is shown that the modified criterion is also consistent (in the usual sense) and its variability depends upon the filtered noise. Some simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for parameter estimation as well as for blind deconvolution.
Evaluation of at Sea Tested LM2500 Rainbow Rotor Blade Coatings

This paper discusses the performance of various high pressure turbine (HPT) blade coatings applied to refurbished LM2500 components that were operated in a frigate class marine application. In the early 1990s, an LM2500 propulsion gas turbine engine was removed from the Australian Navy ship HMAS DARWIN for overhaul. In an effort to reduce the cost of overhaul, it was proposed to refurbish the HPT blades instead of the standard practice of replacing the blades with new parts. Included in the proposal to replace the blades with refurbished parts, various coatings were applied in order to evaluate the cost effectiveness of refurbishing blades during overhaul vice replacing with new components. The HPT “Rainbow” Rotor is a paired blade configuration and was built up in 1991 using refurbished blades coated with the standard BC 21 (overlay CoCrAlY) and an industrial standard platinum aluminide (diffusion) coating. In addition, BC 23 coating was applied to several new production blades and installed in the Rainbow Rotor as a control to evaluate the refurbished parts performance. In May 2000, the Rainbow Rotor set of LM2500 blades was removed from service after having accumulated in excess of 11,500 operating hours. This paper details the coating compositions tested and the resultant metallurgical analysis of these blades/coatings.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Nucleon–nucleon resonances at intermediate energies using a complex energy formalism

Abstract We apply our method of complex scaling, valid for a general class of potentials, in a search for nucleon–nucleon S-matrix poles up to 2 GeV laboratory kinetic energy. We find that the realistic potentials JISP16, constructed from inverse scattering, and chiral field theory potentials N3LO and N2LOopt support resonances in energy regions well above their fit regions. In some cases these resonances have widths that are small when compared with the real part of the S-matrix pole.
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α Is a Critical Mediator of Host Defense Against Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Neutropenic Hosts

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a devastating complication of immunosuppression that usually occurs in neutropenic patients. In this setting, augmentation of the antifungal activity of available immune cells may improve the outcome of the infection. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) is a CC chemokine with potent chemotactic activity for various subsets of mononuclear leukocytes. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the influx of mononuclear cells into the lung in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is in part mediated by MIP-1 alpha, and the manipulation of this ligand alters the outcome of the infection. We found that in both immunocompetent and neutropenic mice, MIP-1 alpha was induced in the lungs in response to intratracheal administration of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. In neutrophil-depleted mice challenged with intratracheal conidia, there was evidence of invasive fungal pneumonia associated with a predominantly mononuclear leukocyte infiltrate. Ab-mediated depletion of MIP-1 alpha resulted in a 6-fold increase in mortality in neutropenic mice, which was associated with a 12-fold increase in lung fungal burden. Studies of single-cell suspensions of whole lungs revealed a 36% decrease in total lung leukocyte infiltration as a result of MIP-1 alpha neutralization. Flow cytometry on whole lung suspensions showed a 41% reduction in lung monocyte/macrophages as a result of MIP-1 alpha neutralization, but no difference in other lung leukocyte subsets. These studies indicate that MIP-1 alpha is a critical mediator of host defense against A. fumigatus in the setting of neutropenia and may be an important target in devising future therapeutic strategies against invasive aspergillosis.
Cryptosporidium enteritis in solid organ transplant recipients: multicenter retrospective evaluation of 10 cases reveals an association with elevated tacrolimus concentrations.

: Background Cryptosporidial enteritis, a diarrheal infection of the small intestine caused by the apicomplexan protozoa Cryptosporidium, is infrequently recognized in transplant recipients from developed countries. Methods A retrospective review of all cases of cryptosporidiosis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at 2 centers from January 2001 to October 2010 was performed and compared with transplant recipients with community-onset Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). A literature search was performed with regard to reported cases of cryptosporidiosis in SOT recipients. Results Eight renal, 1 liver, and 1 lung transplant recipient were diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis at median 46.0 months (interquartile range [IQR] 25.2–62.8) following SOT. Symptoms existed for a median 14 days (IQR 10.5–14.8) before diagnosis. For the 9 patients receiving tacrolimus (TAC), mean TAC levels increased from 6.3 ± 1.1 to 21.3 ± 9.2 ng/mL (P = 0.0007) and median serum creatinine increased temporarily from 1.3 (IQR 1.1–1.7) to 2.4 (IQR 2.0–4.6) mg/dL (P = 0.008). By comparison, 8 SOT recipients (6 kidney, 2 liver) hospitalized with community-onset CDI had a mean TAC level of 10.8 ± 2.8 ng/dL during disease compared with 9.2 ± 2.3 ng/mL at baseline (P = 0.07) and had no change in median creatinine. All patients recovered from Cryptosporidium enteritis after receiving various chemotherapeutic regimens. Conclusions Cryptosporidiosis should be recognized as an important cause of diarrhea after SOT and is associated with elevated TAC levels and acute kidney injury. Increased TAC levels may reflect altered drug metabolism in the small intestine.
Plans and Status of Wind-Tunnel Testing Employing an Aeroservoelastic Semispan Model

This paper presents the research objectives, summarizes the pre-wind-tunnel-test experimental results to date, summarizes the analytical predictions to date, and outlines the wind-tunnel-test plans for an aeroservoelastic semispan wind-tunnel model. The model is referred to as the Supersonic Semispan Transport (S4T) Active Controls Testbed (ACT) and is based on a supersonic cruise configuration. The model has three hydraulically-actuated surfaces (all-movable horizontal tail, all-movable ride control vane, and aileron) for active controls. The model is instrumented with accelerometers, unsteady pressure transducers, and strain gages and will be mounted on a 5-component sidewall balance. The model will be tested twice in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT). The first entry will be an "open-loop" model-characterization test; the second entry will be a "closed-loop" test during which active flutter suppression, gust load alleviation and ride quality control experiments will be conducted.
The portrayal of blacks on network television

A continual complaint directed toward network television is that entertainment programs do not give the viewer a “true” picture of the world he inhabits. In the following article, Churchill Roberts, a doctoral candidate in broadcasting and communication research at the University of Iowa, examines how Blacks are portrayed both on programs and in commercial advertisements over American television.
Approaches to the Study of the Sequential Events Governing the Induction and Fixation of Genotoxic Events: An Overview

Two general approaches to research in the field of toxicology are discussed and. their merits evaluated relative to the elucidation of those parameters which may play an important role on the extrapolation of animal data to human health effects. A number of these parameters are discussed relative to the ability to maintain fidelity of genetic information.
Creating an essential manual: an experiment in prototyping and task analysis

The author describes the design and creation of a task-oriented user guide for students doing computer-assisted writing at San Diego State University. The project incorporated prototyping and task analysis techniques borrowed from systems analysis. A database provided a task dictionary which described 35 characteristics for each of the 66 tasks identified as necessary to perform simple word processing. The author discusses definition of user needs, selection of the documentation format, prototyping as a method for documentation development, putting the prototyping approach to work, devising a method for task analysis, and implications of using database techniques to task analysis. >
Late Pleistocene Refugia in Europe

In the archaeological record of Paleolithic Europe, southwestern France stands out as a region of exceptional richness and complexity, known for its abundance of sites, detailed sequence of archaeological cultures, and rich inventory of parietal and portable art. In order to explain the extraordinary developments in this area, attention must be given to the unique combination of factors that set this region apart from the rest of western Europe. Some of these factors are local and will be mentioned briefly. Others, however, are regional, in that they may be discovered only by examining southwestern France in the context of a larger area. It is these latter factors that are the main focus of this discussion. Southwestern France will be viewed as a refugium for European populations during the last glacial maximum, and the implications of this view will be explored.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Gasoline, Hybrid-Electric, and Hydrogen-Fueled Vehicles

In a recent article, the author showed that it was theoretically possible for plug-in hybrid-electric light transportation vehicles to utilize electricity provided by electric utilities to displace almost 75% of the energy of gasoline used by light transportation vehicles in the United States. It also indicated that replacing this gasoline energy would require 200-250 GW (Gigawatts) of additional electrical generating capacity. (Uhrig, 2005) In an earlier article, the author showed that about 930 GW of additional electrical generating capacity would be required to produce hydrogen by electrolysis to replace all the gasoline used for all transportation in the United States. (Uhrig 2004). Should either of these substitutions be even partially implemented, the choice of fuel for the new generation of electricity and the method of producing hydrogen could either significantly increase or decrease future greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this paper is to provide quantitative comparisons of greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon dioxide, between all of the various options. The results indicate that greenhouse gas emissions are small or negligible when electricity generated by solar, renewables, or nuclear energy are used either directly or to produce hydrogen. However, when fossil fuels (natural gas, oil, or coal) were used, the greenhouse gas emissions were greater than for gasoline fueled vehicles in most cases. The use of steam methane reforming to produce hydrogen is included in the analysis.
Serotonin-Specific Drugs for Anxiety and Depressive Disorders

In the last few years there has been a marked increase in knowledge regarding the possible roles of serotonin neuronal dysfunction in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. During the same time period, new drugs with specific actions on serotonin function have become available for clinical testing. This review provides an update on the efficacy of serotonin-specific drugs for anxiety and depressive disorders.