cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-temperature superfluidity of the two-component Bose gas in a transition metal dichalcogenide bilayer

The high-temperature superfluidity of two-dimensional dipolar excitons in two parallel transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) layers is predicted. We study Bose-Einstein condensation in the two-component system of dipolar $A$ and $B$ excitons. The effective mass, energy spectrum of the collective excitations, the sound velocity, and critical temperature are obtained for different TMDC materials. It is shown that in the Bogoliubov approximation, the sound velocity in the two-component dilute exciton Bose gas is always larger than in any one-component exciton system. The difference between the sound velocities for two-component and one-component dilute gases is caused by the fact that the sound velocity for a two-component system depends on the reduced mass of $A$ and $B$ excitons, which is always smaller than the individual mass of $A$ or $B$ exciton. Due to this fact, the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ for superfluidity for the two-component exciton system in a TMDC bilayer is about one order of magnitude higher than ${T}_{c}$ in any one-component exciton system. We propose to observe the superfluidity of two-dimensional dipolar excitons in two parallel TMDC layers, which causes two opposite superconducting currents in each TMDC layer.
Grounded Modernity in the Bavarian Alps: The Reichenhall Spa Culture at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

Located on the Alpine frontier between Bavaria and Austria, Reichenhall was once a secluded town, historically defined by its salt industry. Its reputation began to change in the mid-nineteenth century, after a number of enterprising locals opened “cure facilities,” thereby establishing the foundations of a modern health resort. By the end of the century, the spa town drew over 10,000 guests per season. The local community accommodated these visitors with an expanding hospitality industry and a growing number of pleasurable activities. By 1900, the recently renamed Bad Reichenhall had become more than a spa: it was a multifaceted and modern tourist destination, offering progressive medical treatment and cosmopolitan entertainment, along with easy access to the Alpine environment. The following article argues that the marketing of these diverse attractions provides insight into how German society thought about modernity at the turn of the century.
Experimental Performance in Annular Cascade of Variable Trailing-Edge Flap, Axial-Flow Compressor Inlet Guide Vanes

Aerodynamic performance of a variable-geometry axial-flow compressor inlet guide vane configuration for a gas turbine unit was determined in a series of annular cascade tests. The variable-geometry vanes used uncambered, symmetrical airfoil sections as the basic blade profile with the rear 70 percent of the vane profile movable as a trailing-edge flap. Vane flap mechanical setting angles of 0 to 50 deg measured from the axial direction were possible, and performance parameters were determined over this range of angles. Turning angles followed a general trend obtained with Carter’s rule for accelerating cascades with the presently measured values tending to be lower than those obtained with Carter’s rule at higher setting angles. For large camber angles (greater than 35 deg) zero-incidence blade element total-pressure loss coefficients for the 50 percent passage location of the flapped vanes tested were higher than those that might have been obtained with a continously cambered vane row of the same solidity and camber.Copyright © 1970 by ASME
Catalytically Important Residues of E6AP Ubiquitin Ligase Identified Using Acid-Cleavable Photo-Cross-Linkers.

Inactivation of the E6AP E3 ubiquitin ligase (UBE3A gene) causes Angelman syndrome, while aberrant degradation of p53 by E6AP is implicated in cervical cancers. Herein, we describe the development of photo-cross-linkers to discover catalytic residues of E6AP. Using these cross-linkers, we identified covalent modifications of the E6AP catalytic cysteine and two lysines: Lys847 and Lys799. Lys847 is required for the formation of Lys48-linked polyubiquitin chains, while the K799A E6AP mutant was more active at producing Lys48-linked polyubiquitin chains. Thus, opposing roles of Lys799 and Lys847 pave the path forward to pharmacological inhibitors or activators of E6AP for therapeutic purposes.
Adipose tissue beta-adrenergic and A1 adenosine receptors in suckling pigs.

During the first few weeks after birth, major changes occur in porcine adipocyte lipid metabolism. Two of the important receptors controlling lipid metabolism in adipocytes are the beta-adrenergic receptors (betaAR) and the A1 adenosine receptors (A1R). To gain insight into the role of these receptors in modulating neonatal adipocyte lipid metabolism, we measured receptor affinity and number in suckling pigs. Adipose tissue from crossbred (X-Bred) and genetically obese suckling pigs at 0, 3, 10, and 17 d of age was used to prepare crude membranes. The betaAR and A1R number and affinity were measured in membranes by equilibrium saturation binding with radioligands. Obese pigs were smaller than X-Bred pigs (average weight = 1.62 and 2.43 kg for obese and X-Bred, respectively; P 330 pM at younger ages; age effect P 65 fmol/mg protein at older and younger ages; age effect P = .03). The higher betaAR Kd and the lower receptor number in younger animals suggest less regulation by physiologic concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This would allow greater anabolic lipid metabolism to proceed during the neonatal period, when adipocytes increase four- to sixfold in volume. There were no measurable A1R at any of these early ages; thus, adenosine control mechanisms to counteract the betaAR and provide negative controls to lipid accretion are not operable in suckling pigs.
Oxidative diversification of amino acids and peptides by small-molecule iron catalysis

Non-ribosomal peptides, exemplified by the antibiotic vancomycin, are a broad class of secondary natural products synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Christina White and colleagues report an NRPS-inspired synthetic strategy in which two small-molecule iron catalysts facilitate the targeted CH oxidative modification of amino acids and peptides with preservation of -centre chirality notoriously difficult synthesis to produce a diverse range of amino acids and peptides.
Bureaucratic Governance Perspectives and Democratic Public Service: Institutional Ideals and Threats

This chapter reviews the ideals, ethics standards, and accountability relationships of office holding within the political institutions of democratic public service as an integral part of career public servants’ and their political superiors’ governing together in bureaucratic governance. Next, it analyzes the clashes of governing perspectives and administrative politics that create estrangement between career public servants, their political superiors, and the public. The chapter also analyzes the institutional challenges to democratic public service and the political-ethical dilemmas peculiar to bureaucratic governance. This analysis highlights the partisan-driven reforms designed to dismantle democratic public service in the name of modernizing American government. These reforms, if disconnected from constitutional processes, may morph into institutional pathologies that threaten the democratic freedoms of citizens in their routine encounters with government.
Der Produktlebenszyklus als Ansatz für die Validierung von Software und Computersystemen

Die Entwicklung von Software kann oft mehrere Jahre dauern und wie Chapman und Harris [8] richtig festgestellt haben, ist es nicht moglich, eine gute Softwarequalitat durch Testen am Ende der Entwicklung zu erzielen. Qualitat kann nicht durch Testen erzwungen, sondern mus in das Produkt hineinentwickelt werden.
The Pharmacology of Nonprescription Medications

Over-the-counter medications (OTC) are defined as proprietary medications or drugs sold “over the counter” in stores, such as pharmacies, grocery stores, etc. These drugs do not require prescriptions for purchase and are often not used as a result of a recommendation of a physician. The motivation for use is often self-determined for common ailments that may or may not require the attention of a physician.
Initial Stability of Cemented vs Cementless Tibial Components Under Cyclic Load.

Abstract Background Cement fixation of total knee components remains the gold standard despite resurgence in cementless fixation with the goal of long-term durable fixation. Initial stability is paramount to achieve bony ingrowth of cementless components. Methods Twelve cemented and cementless tibial baseplates were implanted into sawbones and tested using a physiological medial-lateral load distribution for 10,000 cycles to represent 8 weeks of in vivo function. Micromotion was measured at 5 locations around the baseplate during loading. Results Cycling had a significant effect on the change in micromotion between maximum and minimum loads at the anterior, medial, lateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral tray edge locations. A significant effect of fixation technique was detected for the anterior ( P P = .002), and lateral ( P = .0056) locations but not for the posteromedial ( P = .36) or posterolateral ( P = .82) locations. Differences in micromotion between cemented and cementless components did not exceed 150 μm at any tested location. Conclusion The micromotion experienced by cementless tibial components in the present study may indicate a lower initial mechanical stability than the cemented group. However, this difference in initial stability may be subclinical because the differences between average cemented and cementless micromotion were
Globalization and Ambivalence: Rural Outsourcing in Southern Bengal

Studies of globalization in India have focused on high-tech industries, such as call centers in urban areas. But a widespread effect of the globalization of India's economy is the growth of “rural outsourcing”—the expansion of urban-based industries into the countryside. Rural outsourcing links to longer histories of decentralized manufacturing in India. This ethnography of the decentralized industry of sari embroidery in Southern Bengal shows that workers are ambivalent toward it. Among villagers who participate in the embroidery industry, I found three scales of ambivalence: ambivalence toward the product; toward the production process; and finally, toward the politics of this form of decentralized production. Ambivalence is not a transient or uncertain position of confusion or ambiguity. Rather, it is a widely-held expression of the dual and contradictory positions that workers and contractors hold in relation to the industry. I argue that the “frictions” of globalization find expression not just in resistance or contestation, but also in articulated positions of ambivalence toward globalization processes.
Chiropractic Care in the Management of Inactive Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Series.

Abstract Objective This report describes chiropractic management for 3 cases of inactive ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Clinical Features A 25-year-old woman presented with chronic, mechanical neck pain and stiffness that was ultimately diagnosed as AS. A 23-year-old man presented with chronic low back and left hip pain that was diagnosed as AS. A 31-year-old man with low back pain presented with a known diagnosis of AS. Physical examination in 2 cases failed to identify systemic findings associated with AS. In the third case, examination revealed a history of ulcerative colitis. Laboratory examination of case 2 yielded a positive HLA-B27, but cases 1 and 3 were HLA-B27 negative. The acute reactants were negative in all 3 patients, indicating an inactive phase of disease. All 3 patients underwent spinal imaging including sacroiliac joint radiography. In case 3, magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints was performed. All 3 imaging examinations revealed bilateral, symmetric sacroiliitis. Interventions and Outcome Patients were managed by both a medical rheumatologist and a doctor of chiropractic. Chiropractic care ranged from instrument-assisted spinal manipulation to diversified spinal and soft tissue manipulation and Cox flexion-distraction. Patients were given home stretches and rehabilitation exercises. All 3 patients experienced some relief of their symptoms including pain reduction and improved activities of daily living. Conclusion These 3 patients displayed differences and commonalities in clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. Chiropractic manipulation and rehabilitation seemed to be beneficial in reducing symptomatology and improving musculoskeletal function for these 3 patients. These findings suggest the potential for collaborative or integrative management in similar cases.
Relations of Membrane Functions and Ultrastructure

Thin sections of biological membranes examined by electron microscopy appear as two dark lines separated by a lighter space (1). The dark lines have been equated to proteins and other polar groups, the intervening lighter space to lipid fatty acids (2). However, other interpretations are possible (3, 4), and the electron microscope observations do not validate any one molecular model of the biological membrane (5). More direct information regarding the molecular configurations within biological membranes are provided by physical probes such as differential scanning calorimetry (6), X-ray diffraction (7, 8), nuclear magnetic resonance (9), and electron paramagnetic resonance (10, 11). All of these probes show that a major portion of the lipids in a variety of membrane systems are in a bimolecular layer; protein must cover large portions of this bilayer, but the other proteins may penetrate through its hydrophobic center.
South/Southeast Asia Research Initiative (SARI): A Response to Regional Needs in Land Cover/Land Use Change Science and Education

The goal of this initiative is to develop an innovative regional research, education, and capacity building program involving state-of-the-art remote sensing, natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences to enrich LCLUC science in South/Southeast Asia. SARI has two important objectives. First, to advance LCLUC science in the region. Second, to strengthen existing and build new collaborations between US and South/Southeast Asia researchers in the areas of LCLUC research. The impetus for such an initiative came from the LCLUC science team meeting held in Coimbatore, India, January 19–23, 2013.
Marriage enrichment – a promising new approach

SynopsisThe rising rates for marriage breakdown, and the increasing need to provide assistance in the form of marital therapy, raise the question whether our remedial services may need to be matched with equivalent preventive services. In recent years the advent of marriage enrichment offers some promising guidelines for such services. The author, who has been involved in both fields over a number of years, discusses the present situation and future possibilities.
Alteration of Seedling Germination and Amine Levels by Two Mycotoxins

Aflatoxins (AFTs) and trichothecene toxins are secondary metabolites of the fungi Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp., respectively. Both of these mycotoxins pose a substant ialagri cultural problem since they often are produced by the fungi in wheat and maize (Goldblatt, 1969; Dashek et al. , 1986). Also, they have been reported to produce toxins in soybean and rice cultures (Richardson e t al., 1985).
Abstract SY07-02: Epigenetic regulation of T-cell exhaustion: Implications for cancer immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-mediated rejuvenation of CD8 T-cell effector functions has emerged as one of the most promising frontiers for treating cancer and chronic infections. However, antigen-specific T cells that have experienced prolonged antigen exposure are often terminally differentiated, and have a limited capacity to mount an effector response during ICB treatment. Such exhaustion of effector potential is a major impediment of current T cell-based immunotherapy efforts. Using in vivo mouse models of tumor and chronic viral infection, we assessed the role of de novo epigenetic programming in establishing ICB-refractory exhausted T cells. We observed that genetic deletion of the de novo DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt3a, in T cells at the effector stage of an immune response to chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection allowed antigen-specific T cells to remain highly functional despite expressing high levels of PD-1 and having prolonged exposure to antigen. Quite strikingly, PD-1 blockade treatment of chronically infected animals resulted in massive expansion of PD-1+ Dnmt3a-deficient antigen-specific T cells. Whole-genome methylation profiling of WT and Dnmt3a-deficient LCMV-specific CD8 T cells identified de novo DNA methylation programs that are coupled to development of ICB-nonresponsive virus and tumor-specific T cells. Building upon these findings, we have identified de novo epigenetic programs acquired in human tumor-associated PD-1hi CD8 T cells. Collectively, these data establish Dnmt3a-mediated de novo DNA methylation programming as a key regulator in establishing ICB-refractory exhausted CD8 T cells and highlight epigenetic reprogramming of T cells as a novel approach to enhance T cell-based cancer therapies. Citation Format: Benjamin A. Youngblood, Hazem Ghoniem, Ardiana Moustaki, Hossam Abdelsamed, Yiping Fan, Paul Thomas, Elizabeth Stewart, Sara Federico. Epigenetic regulation of T-cell exhaustion: Implications for cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY07-02.
Immunological Consequences of Nursery Rearing

The concept of rearing primate infants in a nursery fell out of favor over the past two decades, after research showed the detrimental behavioral effects of restricted rearing and raised concerns about how best to care for animals with these abnormalities (Harlow and Harlow, 1969; Ruppenthal and Sackett, 1979; Capitanio, 1985). In addition to behavioral effects, several investigators have described physiological differences between mother-reared (MR) and nursery-reared (NR) infants (Sackett et al., 1973; Champoux et al., 1989; Kraemer et al., 1989). Some of these differences were resolved as the infants grew older, while others persisted (Novak and Harlow, 1975; Mason et al., 1991). Today, however, many institutions have changed or expanded their research focus and once again require some degree of nursery rearing. In some cases, nursery rearing is needed either to keep maternal variables from interfering with certain aspects of the infant’s development, such as in AIDS research, or to keep the animals free from specific pathogens (Marthas et al., 1995; Lindberg et al., 1997).
Differences in Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Between Blacks and Whites

Abstract Background Prior studies have consistently demonstrated that blacks have an approximate 2-fold higher incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) than whites; however, these analyses have lacked individual-level sociodemographic, medical comorbidity, and behavioral health data. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether racial differences in SCD incidence are attributable to differences in the prevalence of risk factors or rather to underlying susceptibility to fatal arrhythmias. Methods The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study is a prospective, population-based cohort of adults from across the United States. Associations between race and SCD defined per National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria were assessed. Results Among 22,507 participants (9,416 blacks and 13,091 whites) without a history of clinical cardiovascular disease, there were 174 SCD events (67 whites and 107 blacks) over a median follow-up of 6.1 years (interquartile range: 4.6 to 7.3 years). The age-adjusted SCD incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years) was higher in blacks (1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4 to 2.2) compared with whites (0.7; 95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9), with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 2.35; 95% CI: 1.74 to 3.20. The association of black race with SCD risk remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographics, comorbidities, behavioral measures of health, intervening cardiovascular events, and competing risks of non-SCD mortality (hazard ratio: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.77). Conclusions In a large biracial population of adults without a history of cardiovascular disease, SCD rates were significantly higher in blacks as compared with whites. These racial differences were not fully explained by demographics, adverse socioeconomic measures, cardiovascular risk factors, and behavioral measures of health.
Negation and Truth

The place of negation in truth has been acknowledged yet misunderstood ever since Aristotle remarked that truth involves stating the being of what is and the nonbeing of what is not, whereas falsity involves affirming the being of what is not and the nonbeing of what is.1 Following Aristotle’s observation, negation has been treated as if it only truthfully figured in the denial of what is not. Negation has otherwise been held to be absent from the being of what is as well as from its affirmation.
'I did not check if the teacher gave feedback': a qualitative analysis of Taiwanese postgraduate year 1 trainees' talk around e-portfolio feedback-seeking behaviours.

Objectives Despite feedback being an extensively researched and essential component of teaching and learning, there is a paucity of research examining feedback within a medical education e-portfolio setting including feedback-seeking behaviours (FSBs). FSBs can be understood within a cost–value perspective. The objective of this research is to explore the factors that influence postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) trainee doctors’ FSBs via e-portfolios. Setting Postgraduate education provision in the largest teaching hospital in Taiwan. Participants Seventy-one PGY1s (66% male). Methods A qualitative semistructured one-to-one interview method was adopted. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, anonymised and checked for completeness. Data were analysed inductively via thematic framework analysis and deductively informed using FSB theory. The process comprised data familiarisation, identification of the themes, charting and data interpretation. Results Two main themes of FSB related and e-portfolio related were identified. We present the theme focussing on FSB here to which n=32 (22 males, 10 females) of the n=71 participants contributed meaningfully. Subthemes include factors variously affecting PGY1s’ positive and negative FSBs via e-portfolios at the individual, process and technological levels. These factors include learner-related (internal values vs social influence, forced reflection); teacher-related (committed educators vs superficial feedback); technology-related (face-saving vs lagging systems; inadequate user-interface) and process-related (delayed feedback, too frequent feedback) factors. Conclusions Our findings reveal the complexity of PGY1s’ FSBs in an e-portfolio context and the interaction of numerous facilitating and inhibiting factors. Further research is required to understand the range of facilitating and inhibiting factors involved in healthcare learners’ FSBs across different learning, social, institutional and national cultural settings.
Psoriasis: Which therapy for which patient: Focus on special populations and chronic infections

Despite the availability of several new systemic agents for psoriasis treatment, choosing the right therapy in certain patient populations can be challenging. There are few up-to-date reviews on systemic drugs for moderate to severe psoriasis in pregnant and pediatric patients and in patients with concomitant chronic infections, such as hepatitis, HIV, and latent tuberculosis. These groups are usually excluded from clinical trials, and much of the available evidence is based on anecdotal case reports and case series. As a chronic disease, psoriasis requires long-term treatment, and there are concerns of adverse maternal–fetal outcomes, long-term side effects in children, and the reactivation of latent infections with the use of systemic agents in these patients. The second article in this continuing medical education series provides insights for choosing appropriate systemic agents for treating moderate to severe psoriasis in pregnant and pediatric patients and in the setting of chronic infections, such as hepatitis, HIV, and latent tuberculosis.
Emerging investigator series: characterization of silver and silver nanoparticle interactions with zinc finger peptides

In biological systems, chemical and physical transformations of engineered silver nanomaterials (AgENMs) are mediated, in part, by proteins and other biomolecules. Metalloprotein interactions with AgENMs are also central in understanding toxicity, antimicrobial, and resistance mechanisms. Despite their readily available thiolate and amine ligands, zinc finger (ZF) peptides have thus far escaped study in reaction with AgENMs and their Ag(I) oxidative dissolution product. We report spectroscopic studies that characterize AgENM and Ag(I) interactions with two ZF peptides that differ in sequence, but not in metal binding ligands: the ZF consensus peptide CP-CCHC and the C-terminal zinc finger domain of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein p7 (NCp7_C). Both ZF peptides catalyze AgENM (10 and 40 nm, citrate coated) dissolution and agglomeration, two important AgENM transformations that impact bioreactivity. AgENMs and their oxidative dissolution product, Ag(I)(aq), mediate changes to ZF peptide structure and metalation as well. Spectroscopic titrations of Ag(I) into apo-ZF peptides show an Ag(I)–thiolate charge transfer band, indicative of Ag(I)–ZF binding. Fluorescence studies of the Zn(II)–NCp_7 complex indicate that the Ag(I) also effectively competes with the Zn(II) to drive Zn(II) displacement from the ZFs. Upon interaction with AgENMs, Zn(II) bound ZF peptides show a secondary structural change in circular dichroism spectroscopy toward an apo-like structure. The results suggest that Ag(I) and AgENMs may alter ZF protein function within the cell.
First tarsometatarsal fusion using saw preparation vs. standard preparation of the joint: A cadaver study.

Abstract Background First tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint fusion is effective for treatment of arthritis and some first ray deformities. To prepare the articular surfaces, cartilage should be carefully but completely denuded. Inadequate preparation may result in non-union, while excessive preparation may cause ray shortening and consequential transfer metatarsalgia. Preparation can be performed with an osteotome or a saw. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether utilization of an osteotome or saw would minimize shortening of the first ray in TMT arthrodesis. Methods Ten fresh-frozen cadaver specimens were randomly assigned to undergo joint preparation using either an osteotome (n = 5) or saw (n = 5). Sample size was determined by cadaver availability. Fusion was performed using a cross-screw construct through the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx and the medial cuneiform. Pre- and post-operative X-rays were taken with a radiopaque ruler in the field, and changes in length in the first metatarsal and first cuneiform were compared between osteotome and sawblade groups. Results The average change in metatarsal length was significantly smaller in the osteotome group (1.6 mm) as compared to the saw group (4.4 mm) (p = 0.031). The average percent change in metatarsal length was also significantly smaller in the osteotome group (3.0%) compared to the saw group (8.4%) (p = 0.025). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to change in cuneiform length. The osteotome group demonstrated a significantly smaller average measured change (3.0 mm vs. 6.9 mm, p = 0.001) and percent change (4.1% vs. 9.3%, p Conclusions In first TMT fusion, joint preparation with an osteotome may prevent over-shortening of the first ray in comparison to preparation with a saw.
Individual vs. Group Delivery of Acupuncture Therapy for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Urban Primary Care-a Randomized Trial.

Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal back, neck, and osteoarthritis pain. However, access to acupuncture treatment has been limited in medically underserved and low-income populations. Acupuncture therapy delivered in groups could reduce cost and expand access. We compared the effectiveness of group versus individual acupuncture for pain and function among ethnically diverse, low-income primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. This was a randomized comparative effectiveness non-inferiority trial in 6 Bronx primary care community health centers. Participants with chronic (> 3 months) back, neck, or osteoarthritis pain were randomly assigned to individual or group acupuncture therapy for 12 weeks. Seven hundred seventy-nine participants were randomized. Mean age was 54.8 years. 35.3% of participants identified as black and 56.9% identified as Latino. Seventy-six percent were Medicaid insured, 60% reported poor/fair health, and 37% were unable to work due to disability. Participants received weekly acupuncture treatment in either group or individual setting for 12 weeks. Primary outcome was pain interference on the Brief Pain Inventory at 12 weeks; secondary outcomes were pain severity (BPI), physical and mental well-being (PROMIS-10), and opiate use. Outcome measures were collected at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. 37.5% of individual arm and 30.3% in group had > 30% improvement in pain interference (d = 7.2%, 95% CI − 0.6%, 15.1%). Non-inferiority of group acupuncture was not demonstrated for the primary outcome assuming a margin of 10%. In the responder analysis of physical well-being, 63.1% of individual participants and 59.5% of group had clinically important improvement at 12 weeks (d = 3.6%, 95% CI − 4.2%, 11.4%). Both individual and group acupuncture therapy delivered in primary care settings reduced chronic pain and improved physical function at 12 weeks; non-inferiority of group was not shown. Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT02456727
Women and AIDS: a brief update.

An increasing proportion of those infected with HIV are women. During 1995 the proportion of new HIV infections among women worldwide was 39%. Initially gender differences in HIV/AIDS were assumed to relate to biologic differences. However it is now believed for example that the fact that HIV-infected men appear to have a longer survival time than infected women reflects the tendency for women to delay diagnosis and treatment. To reduce heterosexual transmission of HIV it will be necessary to provide women with female-controlled prevention methods and to develop programs that consider the sociocultural context in which heterosexual transmission occurs.
Source Attribution: Recovering the Press Releases behind Health Science News

We explore the task of intrinsic source attribution: inferring which portions of a derived document were adapted from an unobserved source document. Specifically, we model the relationship between news articles and their press release sources using a dataset of 64,784 health science news articles and 23,068 press releases. We approach the problem at the sentence level and work with science journalism professors to develop a four point Likert scale describing the extent to which a news article sentence is derived from the content in the corresponding press release. Because manual annotation of news article - press release pairs is time-consuming, we turn to a mix of expert, non-expert, and heuristic-based annotation to label our dataset. After a small pilot study, which found that humans, when only able to view the text of the news article, struggle to identify which content is derived or not, we compare four different sentence regression models on the task. We find that modeling a sentence's context in the entire document is important, with the best performing model, a sequence regression model with BERT token representations, achieving a spearman's ρ of 0.49 and NDCG@1 of 0.60 on the expert-labeled test set. Examining the model's predictions, we find that it successfully identifies copied or closely paraphrased sentences in articles with a mix of derived and original content, but struggles to differentiate between loosely paraphrased and original sentences in articles with mostly original writing.
Stock Market Openings: Experience of Emerging Economies

This article is an exploratory examination of the benefits and risks associated with opening of stock markets. Specifically, we estimate changes in the level and volatility of stock returns, inflation, and exchange rates around market openings. We find that stock returns increase immediately after market opening without a concomitant increase in volatility. Stock markets become more efficient as determined by testing the random walk hypothesis. We find no evidence of an increase in inflation or an appreciation of exchange rates. If anything, inflation seems to decrease after market opening as do the volatility of inflation and volatility of exchange rates.
N-Equality: More People, Less Equality

Despite the self-evident truth that “all men are created equal,” we know from experience that the distribution of resources is not always equal, nor is there a single agreed-upon basis for distributing resources in society. For example, wealth can be distributed on the basis of effort, need, skill, luck, or simply privilege, and thus social inequality is common and pervasive. Research shows, moreover, that income inequality is increasing in the United States (Economic Policy Institute, 2011), with recent reports suggesting that income inequality is particularly pervasive in densely populated cities (Morrill, 2013). While broader demographic, economic, and sociological factors undoubtedly contribute to inequality, we aim to explore an important and ubiquitous psychological factor that may affect individuals’ perceptions, increasing their tolerance for inequality. Specifically, we examine whether people’s willingness to tolerate inequality depends in part on the number of recipients to which wealth, goods, or opportunities are allocated, all else being equal. Our earlier research on the N-Effect showed how social comparison and competitive motivation decrease as the number of competitors increases (Garcia & Tor, 2009; Garcia, Tor, & Schiff, 2013; Tor & Garcia, 2010). Building on these findings, we hypothesize that social comparison-based concerns about relative outcomes also diminish as the number of recipients of a given allocation increases, thereby increasing the tolerance for and incidence of inequality. Utilizing faculty salary data across an entire state university system, Study 1 tested the prediction that variance in faculty salaries (e.g., wider distribution of salaries) would be greater in larger departments than smaller ones. Results were consistent with this prediction. Study 2 tested the prediction that people would be more willing to maximize unequal but more profitable payoffs over lower but equal payoffs in a real behavior paradigm. Results showed that participants were more likely to maximize joint gains when the size of the allocation pool comprised 30 recipients compared to 8 recipients. Study 3 tested and found support for the prediction that people would actually perceive an identical unequal distribution as being “more equal” when the number of recipients was large (i.e., 1000) than when it was small (i.e., 10), even in a well-informed within subjects setting. Finally, probing the social comparison mechanism, Study 4 found that as the number of recipients increases, the concern for social comparison decreases.
Completing Mahler’s Piano Quartet: A Study of Unfinished Music, Ethics, and Authenticities

Performers and scholars have argued for generations over what should be done with musical works that have been left incomplete by their composers. Though many attempts have been made to bring such works to completion, some scholars feel that these fragments should remain untouched because the pieces in question were left incomplete during the composer’s own career. With this debate in mind, I undertook a study and completion of Gustav Mahler’s Piano Quartet in A minor, a piece for which Mahler composed a complete first movement, Nicht zu schnell, and twenty-four bars of a second movement, Scherzo, when he was a student at the Vienna Conservatory. I began by analyzing Nicht zu schnell in order to understand Mahler’s treatment of motives, form, and harmony. In addition, I studied contemporary works by Schumann and Brahms. Based on my analyses, I then composed a completion of the Scherzo in a style that is, in my opinion, idiomatic of Mahler. After a performance of my completion, seventy percent of the audience responded with five on a scale of zero to six when asked in a survey how closely my Scherzo aligned with Nicht zu schnell. One hundred percent of the listeners ethically approved of the task of completing unfinished music. Adding to the discourse on musical completion, this paper addresses the musicological debate surrounding unfinished music, discusses my process of completing Mahler’s quartet, and assesses public reactions to the ethical issues, such as hubris, that often arise when an alternate composer completes an unfinished work.
Leading Learning: First-Year Principals' Reflections on Instructional Leadership.

This qualitative study examined the instructional leadership perceptions of four first-year principals. Findings illuminate five themes drawn from the data: definitions of instructional leadership,...
The Top Quark Forward-backward Asymmetry at Approximate N3LO

I calculate the top quark forward-backward asymmetry at the Tevatron in both the laboratory frame and the $t\overline{t}$ rest frame. I show that soft-gluon corrections are the dominant contribution to the asymmetry and closely approximate exact results through next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). I present a calculation of the asymmetry including approximate next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-order ($\mathrm{N}^{3}\mathrm{LO}$) soft-gluon contributions from next-to-next-to-leading-logarithm resummation as well as electroweak corrections. Thus approximate $\mathrm{N}^{3}\mathrm{LO}$ ($\mathrm{a}\mathrm{N}^{3}\mathrm{LO}$) results are obtained, which significantly enhance and improve previous NNLO results. The theoretical $\mathrm{a}\mathrm{N}^{3}\mathrm{LO}$ result for the top quark forward-backward asymmetry at the Tevatron in the laboratory frame is $(6.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)%$, and in the $t\overline{t}$ rest frame it is $(10.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)%$ which is in excellent agreement with recent Tevatron data.
Computational Modeling of River Flow, Sediment Transport, and Bed Evolution Using Remotely Sensed Data

Abstract : This project is focused on combining remotely sensed data for river bathymetry with computational flow models in order to make detailed predictions of flow, sediment transport and bed morphologic change in rivers. The long-term goals include developing a better characterization of the accuracy and range of applicability of remote sensing techniques for collection of river bathymetry data, assessment of errors associated with computational river model applications using remotely sensed information relative to similar applications using conventional surveying techniques, and development and distribution of public domain software for applying river models using remotely sensed data. These goals are driven by the increasing demand for river modeling applications for assessment of flow pattern, navigation, habitat, flood inundation and morphologic variation in river systems where conventional bathymetric surveys are not available and access is limited. Furthermore, even in certain situations where conventional surveys can be carried out, the use of remotely sensed data is an attractive alternative due to its relative speed and safety. The key to developing this methodology is the collection of appropriate field data in concert with modeling applications to better characterize the range of applicability and potential error; this is the central focus of the work described here.
Antidepressant use and new-onset diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Summary Antidepressant use has been linked to new-onset diabetes. However, the existing literature on this relationship has yielded inconsistent findings. The primary objective of this study was to systematically synthesize the literature on the relationship between antidepressant use and new-onset diabetes using meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies in seven electronic databases. Two independent reviewers identified the final list of studies to be included in the meta-analysis using a priori selection criteria. Results for the primary outcome of interest, that is, odds and hazards of developing new-onset diabetes, were pooled using a random-effects model. Egger's regression test and the Trim and Fill method were utilized to detect the presence of any potential publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method as well as individual categories of antidepressant drugs. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Random effects models revealed that adults with any use of antidepressants were more likely to develop new-onset diabetes compared with those without any use of antidepressants [odd ratios = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.10; hazards ratio = 1.19, 95% CI, 1.08–1.32]. Sensitivity analyses revealed fair robustness; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants were more likely to be associated with the development of new-onset diabetes. Results from the Egger's regression test and Trim and Fill method revealed no evidence of publication bias. Among adults, antidepressant use was associated with higher chances of new-onset diabetes. However, because a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be established by observational studies, future randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm this association. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open government achievement and satisfaction in US federal agencies: survey evidence for the three pillars

This paper examines the impact of open government achievement and satisfaction through electronic government or e-Government at the federal level in the United States. The three principles of participation, collaboration, and transparency of open government espoused by the Obama Administration in 2009 were examined. A survey of federal agency Chief Information Officers (CIOs) was conducted and the results showed that there was high achievement by federal agencies two years after the President Obama signed the directive. However, there is much room for improvement, with around one third of agencies only reporting some achievement in the three pillars. Statistical analysis showed that overall progress of federal agencies in implementing open government was related to achievement in all three pillars of open government. Essentially agencies that do better in achieving open government, expressed greater satisfaction with what they have accomplished, meaning that success breeds further advancement in open government.
Flexible and extensible notations for modeling languages

In model-based development, a formal description of the software (the model) is the central artifact that drives other development activities. The availability of a modeling language well-suited for the system under development and appropriate tool support are of utmost importance to practitioners. Considering the diverse needs of different application domains, flexibility in the choice of modeling languages and tools may advance the industrial acceptance of formal methods. We describe a flexible modeling language framework by which language and tool developers may better meet the special needs of various users groups without incurring prohibitive costs. The framework is based on a modular and extensible implementation of languages features using attribute grammars and forwarding. We show a prototype implementation of such a framework by extending the host language Mini-Lustre, an example synchronous data-flow language, with a collection of features such as state transitions, condition tables, and events. We also show how new languages can be created in this framework by feature composition.
Resistance to Extinction: A Test of the Discrimination Hypothesis:

Summ~y.-To test the discrimination hypothesis of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction, partial or continuous reinforcement trials were interpolated between the initial training trials of partial or continuous reinforcement and the extinction period. 112 children from Grades 2 and 3 participated in one of four conditions. Children receiving two consecutive blds of partial reinforcement showed the greatest resistance to extinction, children receiving cwo consecutive blocks of continuous reinforcement showed the weakest resistance, and those receiving partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement or vice versa showed intermediate levels of resistance. Discrimination between training and extinction does not seem to be the critical factor involved in the partial reinforcement effect. The results were discussed in terms of a stimulus analyzer or a sequential analysis model. The partial reinforcement effect in extinction is a well-documented finding in the child psychological literame (e.g., Baumeister & Hawkins, 1966; Kass & Wilson, 1966; Weiner & Dubanoski, 1975). What is not well documented in this literature is an explanation of the partial reinforcement effect even though there are a number of alternatives from which to choose, e.g., see Lewis ( 1960) or Mackintosh (1974). One explanation (see Stevenson, 1972) that has been commonly and continually used to account for the effects of partial reinforcement in extinction is the discrimination hypothesis proposed by Mowrer and Jones (1945). According to this hypothesis, resistance to extinction is a function of the degree of similarity between the schedules of reinforcement during training and extinction trials. Because the contrast between the training trials and the beginning of the extinction trials is quite distinctive for the subjects trained under continuous reinforcement, these subjects should show little resistance to extinction. Subjects trained under partial reinforcement should have difficulty discriminating the transition from the training trials to the extinction trials, especially under lean schedules of reinforcement since many of the responses in the training trials are not followed by reinforcement. Because the contrast is not very distinctive, these subjects should persist in responding during extinction. The key factor in determining resistance to extinction, according to the discrimination hypothesis, is the similarity or distinctiveness between the training and extinction trials.
On a conjecture of Mergelyan

A solution is presented to the problem of uniform weighted polynomial approximation on bounded simply connected domains in the complex plane, that is analogous to Mergelyan’s solution to the classical Bernstein problem on the real line.