cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Legitimizing Community Engagement with K-12 Schools

This article examines the issue of internal legitimization and its importance in securing high-quality community engagement in K-12 schools. Drawing on the literature from the fields of community engagement, school reform, school–university partnerships, and school–community partnerships, this article describes some of the prevailing challenges and barriers external partners face when conducting reform oriented partnership work in K-12 schools. The discussion focuses on four factors that contribute to enhancing external partners’ internal legitimization within K-12 settings. The article offers a set of strategies for working through each of the four components.
Genetics of hyperuricemia in families with gout

Complex segregation analysis supports the polygenic hypothesis of Hauge and Harvald and Neel et al, according to which hyperuricemia ascertained through gout is rarely due to a major gene, evidence for which is not significant in two studies that were considered to favor a major locus.
MECHANICS AND CONTROL OF A TERRESTRIAL VEHICLE EXPLOITING A NONHOLONOMIC CONSTRAINT FOR FISHLIKE LOCOMOTION

We present a novel mechanical system, the “landfish,” which takes advantage of a combination of articulation and a nonholonomic constraint to exhibit fishlike locomotion. We apply geometric mechanics techniques to establish the equations of motion in terms of the system’s nonholonomic momentum and analyze the system’s equilibrium properties. Finally, we demonstrate its locomotion capabilities under several controllers, including heading and joint velocity control.
70.2L: Late‐News Paper: 14.7” Active Matrix PHOLED Displays on Temporary Bonded PEN Substrates with Low Temperature IGZO TFTs

A flexible, 14.7 inch diagonal organic light emitting diode display has been successfully demonstrated. Device fabrication of the thin film transistor backplane occurred below 200 °C on a polyethylene naphthalate substrate using indium gallium zinc oxide with a saturation mobility of 13.5 cm2/V-s as the active semiconductor.
Strategy for Building a Successful Coronary CT Angiography Program in the Emergency Department

Coronary CT angiography (cCTA) is a rapid, accurate, safe, and efficient technique for evaluating acute chest pain in patients with low-intermediate pretest probability of coronary artery disease. In this review, we outline a strategy for building and maintaining a successful cCTA program in the emergency department. We define success as the ability for a program to improve patient outcomes and yield cost savings for a health care organization. Establishing a successful program can be achieved by organizing a multidisciplinary task force, developing a shared vision, utilizing established guidelines, developing standardized workflow and chest pain management pathways, launching an effective educational campaign, and implementing a quality assurance program.
Comparing the Change in Efficiency of the Western and Islamic Banking Systems

The purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental study, grounded in conventional economic efficiency theory, was to compare the change in efficiency of different banks, specifically Islamic and Western, that occurred during the 2007 to 2009 economic downturn, using 2006 as baseline. Relative assets size and bank classification were used to compare the change in banks’ efficiency. The research questions addressed whether efficiency changes during the financial crisis of 2007-2009 were different between Western and Islamic banks. Data for small and large Western commercial banks were collected from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) website; for Islamic banks, data were collected from the Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions Information (IBIS) website. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to calculate the efficiency of these banks, and independent samples t test was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that the impact of the financial crisis was different depending upon the bank type. The financial crisis had the greatest impact on the efficiency of small commercial Western banks compared to Islamic banks and large Western banks.
New Risk Assessment Initiatives in Epa

This paper describes EPA's recent efforts to ensure consistency and technical competence of the agency's risk assessments. These include five risk assessment guidelines proposed in November 1984 and January 1985 and establishment of a Risk Assessment Forum. The technical provisions of the five guidelines have been outlined.
Mediating Organizational Innovation: A Study of Implementation of Digital Technologies in TV News

Successful implementation of IT innovations requires mutual adjustment of technical features and social practices and structures of an organization. In this paper, we develop a synthesized model for mediating organizational innovation, drawn from Roger's model for organizational diffusion of innovation and Orlikowski et al.'s (2004) model for technology use mediation, to investigate the implementation of digital technologies in TV news. Our analysis of two case studies of TV news stations highlights the phases of mediation that occurred in these organizations and points to differences in mediation styles from previous studies. We suggest that scope of the implementation and temporal pressure in the work context were important dimensions in the mediation process
Syed Ahmad and His Two Books Called ‘Asar-al-Sanadid’

The earliest writings of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898), the famous Muslim social reformer and educationist, were in the field of History, including two books on the monuments and history of Delhi that bear the same title, Asar-al-Sanadid. This paper compares the first book, published in 1847, with the second, published in 1854, to discover the author's ambitions for each. How do the two books differ from some of the earlier books of relatively similar nature in Persian and Urdu? How radically different are the two books from each other, and why? How and why were they written, and what particular audiences could the author have had in mind in each instance? How were the two books actually received by the public? And, finally, what changes do the two books reflect in the author's thinking? These are the chief questions that this paper seeks to explore.
Preeclampsia As a Cause of Preterm and Late Preterm (Near-Term) Births

Gestational hypertension-preeclampsia is the most common medical disorder of pregnancy. It is also a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidities. The majority of adverse pregnancy outcomes occur in patients who develop severe hypertension or severe preeclampsia, and in those who develop the clinical manifestations before 34 weeks' gestation. There is some concern regarding neonatal morbidity in the late preterm (near term) infant (34 0/7 through 36 6/7 weeks' gestation) as a result of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. A review of the available data suggests that most deliveries of the late preterm infant in such women are justified because of the concerns about maternal and fetal safety with continued gestation. In addition, the rate of preterm delivery at 34 to 36 weeks' gestation in women with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia is low. Indeed, most admissions to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in such pregnancies occur in those at > or =37 weeks' gestation. There is urgent need for research to assess the reasons behind preterm delivery at 34 to 36 weeks' gestation in women with hypertension and preeclampsia. In addition, there is need for research to assess the reasons for admission to the NICU in term infants born of mothers with varying severities of hypertension and preeclampsia. In this paper, the phrase "late-preterm" has been used instead of "near term," as the former was considered more appropriate to reflect this subgroup of preterm infants in a workshop on this topic held in July 2005, organized by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
A Review of: “The Big Book of Masturbation: From Angst to Zeal”

Martha Cornog has written an excellent, big book on masturbation that is encyclopedic, informative, and enjoyable to read. Conflict around masturbation has existed from the time of its invention. A...
Impaired motoneuronal retrograde transport in two models of SBMA implicates two sites of androgen action

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) impairs motor function in men and is linked to a CAG repeat mutation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Defects in motoneuronal retrograde axonal transport may critically mediate motor dysfunction in SBMA, but the site(s) where AR disrupts transport is unknown. We find deficits in retrograde labeling of spinal motoneurons in both a knock-in (KI) and a myogenic transgenic (TG) mouse model of SBMA. Likewise, live imaging of endosomal trafficking in sciatic nerve axons reveals disease-induced deficits in the flux and run length of retrogradely transported endosomes in both KI and TG males, demonstrating that disease triggered in muscle can impair retrograde transport of cargo in motoneuron axons, possibly via defective retrograde signaling. Supporting the idea of impaired retrograde signaling, we find that vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of diseased muscles reverses the transport/trafficking deficit. Transport velocity is also affected in KI males, suggesting a neurogenic component. These results demonstrate that androgens could act via both cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms to disrupt axonal transport in motoneurons affected by SBMA.
A survey of key evolving cryptosystems

This paper presents a survey of key evolving cryptosystems in the public key setting, focusing on two main approaches: 'forward security' and 'intrusion resilience'. The essential feature of this design strategy is that the secret key changes over time, while the corresponding public key remains unchanged. Key evolving cryptosystems can limit the damage caused by an attacker who occasionally learns your secret key.
Molecular phylogeny of the heterocystous cyanobacteria (subsections IV and V) based on nifD

The heterocystous cyanobacteria are currently placed in subsections IV and V, which are distinguished by cellular division in one plane (false branching) and in more than one plane (true branching), respectively. Published phylogenies of 16S rRNA gene sequence data support the monophyly of the heterocystous cyanobacteria, with members of subsection V embedded within subsection IV. It has been postulated that members of subsection V arose from within subsection IV. Therefore, phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the nitrogen-fixation gene nifD from representatives of subsections IV and V was performed by using maximum-likelihood criteria. The heterocystous cyanobacteria are supported as being monophyletic, with the non-heterocystous cyanobacteria as their closest relative. However, neither subsection IV nor subsection V is monophyletic, with representatives of both subsections intermixed in two sister clades. Analysis of nifD does not support recognition of two distinct subsections.
Home Ranges and Movement Characteristics of Minks in East-Central New York

Abstract Space use information for native minks (Neovison vison) along river systems is insufficient due to either low sample size or exclusion of tributaries that minks readily use. We compared linear home ranges for 23 minks and compared daily movement distances between the Hudson River and its tributaries for 33 minks. Mean home range proportion for 12 minks that used both the Hudson River ( = 2.7 km) and its tributaries ( = 3.0 km) was not significant. However, daily movement distances were significantly greater along tributaries ( = 732 m) than along the Hudson River ( = 532 m), which may indicate differences in prey density between each of the waterbody types. The mean home range for 11 minks that strictly used tributaries was 4.7 km and the mean overall home range (waterbody types combined) for all 23 minks was 5.2 km. There was a significant difference in home range size between males (5.8 km) and females (4.1 km). This study contributes to the relatively few available ecological studies o...
The Effects of an AIDS Education Program on the Knowledge and Attitudes of a Physical Therapy Class

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of an education unit on physical therapy students' knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), their attitudes toward patients with AIDS, and their willingness to treat patients who have AIDS. Subjects. A sample of convenience of 103 entry-level undergraduate junior physical therapy students, aged 20 to 35 years (X=22.1, SD=2.8), from one class at one institution participated in this study. Methods. A two-group pretest-posttest with control group delayed-intervention design was used. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a group that received an AIDS education unit (experimental group) or a group that did not receive a special education unit (control group). All subjects were pretested and posttested together with a modified version of the State University of New York at Buffalo School of Nursing AIDS Study Questionnaire. Willingness to treat patients who have AIDS was assessed based on self-report responses. After the pretest of both groups, the experimental group received an AIDS education unit followed by the posttest, whereas the control group received no AIDS education unit before the posttest. Results. The experimental group showed significant improvement of knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to treat patients who have AIDS as a result of the AIDS education unit. The control group showed no significant change or a lowered score and thus a change in a nondesired direction. The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of an AIDS education program for physical therapy students at this institution. Conclusion and Discussion. Further study of entry-level graduate physical therapy students, licensed physical therapists, and other allied health professionals is needed to determine whether the education of these groups can affect their knowledge and attitudes toward patients with AIDS. Improved knowledge and attitudes of the health care provider with an increased willingness to treat patients who have AIDS ensures these patients will receive optimal and appropriate health care.
Local Newspaper Coverage of the Presidency

Scholarly research says much about national news coverage of the presidency. But there has been little exploration into local news coverage of the presidency, with much research focusing on presidential campaigns or a small subset of presidential news, his local visits. Based on a sample of 288 stories taken from 1995 of the Bill Clinton and 2003 of the George W. Bush administrations, I answer the following questions: What explains the amount of local newspaper coverage of the presidency and what influences the likelihood that local newspapers will cover the presidency, daily? Support for the president, corporate ownership, newspaper resources, and the location of the story itself affect the amount of local newspaper coverage of the president and the likelihood that a newspaper will publish a story on the presidency.
Influence of the environment on activity performance in older women with heart failure.

Purpose. To examine the influence of the environment on activity performance in older women with heart failure living in the community.Method. The cross-sectional study included 55 older women with heart failure. Differences in activity performance collected through performance observation in the clinic and home were analysed with repeated measures ANOVAs and paired samples t-tests.Results. Overall, the influence of the environment in the clinic was neutral for activity independence, and disabling for activity safety and activity adequacy at the global level. At the domain level, functional mobility and personal care were more independent but equally safe and adequate in the clinic compared to the home, cognitively-oriented instrumental activities were less independent, safe and adequate in the clinic compared to the home, and physically-oriented instrumental activities were equally independent, but less safe and adequate in the clinic compared to the home. At the activity level, 6 activities were positiv...
On the Interface between Science and Practice in School Psychology

In this article, problems and issues related to the interface of science and practice are discussed, and some suggestions for achieving the promise of the scientist-practitioner model of training and practice are offered. Potential benefits to school psychology of a truer confluence between science and practice also are examined.
Field trials using the fungal pathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes: Hyphomycetes) to control the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies.

The potential for Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) to control the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) in honey bee colonies was evaluated in field trials against the miticide, tau-fluvalinate (Apistan). Peak mortality of V. destructor occurred 3–4 d after the conidia were applied; however, the mites were still infected 42 d posttreatments. Two application methods were tested: dusts and strips coated with the fungal conidia, and both methods resulted in successful control of mite populations. The fungal treatments were as effective as the Apistan, at the end of the 42-d period of the experiment. The data suggested that optimum mite control could be achieved when no brood is being produced, or when brood production is low, such as in the early spring or late fall. M. anisopliae was harmless to the honey bees (adult bees, or brood) and colony development was not affected. Mite mortality was highly correlated with mycosis in dead mites collected from sticky traps, indicating that the fungus was infecting and killing the mites. Because workers and drones drift between hives, the adult bees were able to spread the fungus between honey bee colonies in the apiary, a situation that could be beneficial to beekeepers.
A Theoretical And Empirical Investigation Of The Impact Of Labor Flexibility On Risk And The Cost Of Equity Capital

This paper analytically and empirically investigates the linkage between labor costs and a firm’s income volatility, equity risk, and cost of capital. While the relationship between labor costs and the firm’s cost of capital under uncertainty conditions is important, there has been little research examining this issue. While we control for fixed labor costs, we focus on labor flexibility effects as the U.S. temporary staffing sales for 2005 totaled $69.5 billion, 8.5% more than in the previous year (American Staffing Association, 2007). Within the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) framework, we demonstrate analytically and empirically that labor flexibility reduces income volatility, equity risk and cost of capital in the service industry. However, we find that labor leverage has no impact on income volatility, and increases equity risk and cost of equity capital. These results suggest that managers can structure labor costs to minimize the firm’s risk and maximize shareholder value.
Lower Bounds to Column Buckling Loads

A lower bound theorem is adapted to columns with various boundary conditions and variable bending stiffness. The lower bound is expressed in terms of the Rayleigh and Timoshenko loads for the simply-supported columns. For other boundary conditions, a similar formulation is developed in terms of the moment function and its derivative so that continuity conditions for the lateral displacement and slope are not required. An iterative solution procedure involving finite elements is outlined. Numerical results are given for several columns that illustrate the procedure for representative combinations of boundary conditions and bending stiffness distributions.
Suppression and Dissent in Science

Academic integrity becomes more challenging during scientific controversies, as scientists and their allies and opponents struggle over the credibility and significance of knowledge claims. Such debates are healthy and necessary, but because science remains embedded in broader institutional, political, cultural, and economic contexts, struggles over truth often reflect dynamics of power. For example, those who challenge dominant ideas may face a landscape that does not welcome contrarian positions, which may result in what this chapter describes as “dissenting” behavior by scientists. In extreme cases, contrarian scientists may face attempts at scientific suppression: discrediting or silencing a scientist or scientific claim in ways that violate accepted standards of scientific conduct. While such actions are unusual, they happen frequently enough to deserve careful consideration as breaches of academic integrity. This chapter offers a scholarly perspective on how to understand scientific dissent and suppression, as well as a list of best practices to avoid suppression, respect dissent, and encourage healthy debates in the production of knowledge.
Halothane anesthesia causes active flow-independent pulmonary vasoconstriction

We utilized multipoint pulmonary vascular pressure-flow (P/Q) plots to investigate the effects of halothane anesthesia on the pulmonary circulation. Our first objective was to assess the extent to which the P/Q relationship measured in conscious dogs is altered during halothane anesthesia. P/Q plots were constructed by stepwise constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava to decrease venous return and Q. Compared with conscious dogs, halothane (approximately 1.2% end-tidal) resulted in active, flow-independent pulmonary vasoconstriction (P less than 0.01) at all levels of Q. Halothane also decreased (P less than 0.01) systemic arterial pressure and Q. Thus our second objective was to determine whether the halothane-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction was mediated by reflex neurohumoral activation or by metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway. However, the magnitude of halothane-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction was not significantly reduced by sympathetic alpha-adrenoreceptor block, angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition, combined arginine vasopressin V1 + V2 receptor block, or by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Finally, halothane-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (P less than 0.01) was also observed when compared with pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs during controlled ventilation. Thus, compared with the conscious state, halothane anesthesia causes active flow-independent pulmonary vasoconstriction that is not mediated by reflex neurohumoral activation, by metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway, nor is it due to the effects of general anesthesia and controlled ventilation.
Firm Performance in the Face of Fear

We use facial emotion recognition software to quantify CEO mood. Anger or disgust motivates a CEO to work harder to improve his/her situation thus firm profitability improves in the subsequent quarter. Happy CEOs are less likely to work on hard or unpleasant tasks thus profitability decreases in the subsequent quarter. In the short term, 'Fear’ explains the firm's announcement period market performance. However fear is transient and performance improvement is short term.
Mechanism of Coordination of the Bacteriophage T4 DNA Packaging Motor Analyzed by Real-Time Single Molecule Fluorescence Assay

Bacteriophage T4 packages its DNA genome into the viral capsid using a powerful molecular motor. The motor is found to be a pentamer by cryo-EM. However, the stoichiometry of the actively packaging motor is unknown. Structural and biochemical studies suggest that gp17 converts energy from ATP hydrolysis into electrostatic force which drives DNA translocation. Very little is known about how the motor subunits coordinate to package DNA at a rate of up to ∼2000 bp/s, the fastest rate reported to date.By reconstituting the functional T4 packaging complex with Cy3-labeled gp17 and incubating it with Cy5-DNA, each motor carrying out translocation of Cy5-DNA was imaged in real-time using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Simultaneous imaging of the Cy3-gp17 subunits of the packaging complex and Cy5-DNA being packaged allowed us to determine motor stoichiometry by direct counting of the number of photobleaching steps. These data showed that the motor complex contains five gp17 subunits, but not six. Thus the stoichiometry of the actively packaging motor is a pentamer.Cy3-label was introduced into a mutant gp17 subunit, Q163A-gp17, which retained the ability to assemble motors with the wild-type gp17 subunits but is inactive for DNA packaging because its ATPase function is defective. Analysis of single packaging complexes containing 0 to 5 mutant subunits showed that motors containing 1 or 2 mutant subunits can package DNA. However, the rate of initiation and efficiency of DNA packaging were reduced.We conclude that the pentameric T4 packaging motor is not strictly coordinated. If it were, packaging would have been stalled at the inactive subunit. It appears that when an inactive subunit is encountered, the motor pauses transiently, then recovers and switches to another subunit and continues translocation.
Wetting: Bumps lead the way.

Surfaces with slippery asymmetric bumps significantly increase water droplet condensation and shedding.
Application of 1,1-ADEQUATE, HMBC, and Density Functional Theory To Determine Regioselectivity in the Halogenation of Pyridine N-Oxides

The 1,1-ADEQUATE spectrum clearly shows specific two-bond proton to carbon correlations to unequivocally distinguish the major and minor regioisomers of ortho-halogenated pyridines and to aid in assignment of the corresponding proton and carbon chemical shifts. M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) free energies of the regioisomeric intermediates arising from deprotonation correctly predict the experimentally observed preference and thus can be used to tune the substituent pattern to yield a desired regiochemical outcome.
Planarization Materials for Active Matrix Thin Film Transistor Arrays

Traditional plasma based dielectric films are conformal and cost-prohibitive for large displays. Solution based dielectrics are planarizing in nature and provide a flat surface for indium tin oxide (ITO) layer with the resultant uniform liquid crystal response throughout the pixel. In this paper, we present the display-related material properties and integration results obtained by using a solution-based organosilsesquioxane material. The material exhibits extremely high transmittance and planarization, low outgassing, high resistance to moisture absorption and diffusion, good adhesion to other layers integrated with it and ease of integration.
Research on diameter measurement in pressure tube of heavy water reactor at hot cell

Regarding with the strong radioactivity, post irradiated pressure tube can't be measured directly. A comparative measurement method which was based on the cross orientation measurement method had been employed. An internal diameter measurement system of pressure tube controlled by computer was set up in a hot cell. The research results have proved that the measurement system can fix pressure tube through crane and manipulator. The repeatable accuracy and the absolute accuracy are within 0.4 μm and ±3 μm, respectively. The measuring system meets the requirement of inner diameter measurement in the hot cell and can be applied to the inspection of irradiated pressure tubes.
Monitoring antigen-specific T cell responses using real-time PCR.

Flow cytometry-, ELISA-, and ELISpot-based in vitro assays have played important roles in assessing the frequencies and functional competence of antigen-specific T cells in the setting of infectious disease and cancer. Such methods have helped in the development of antigen-specific vaccines for human disease prevention/treatment and have also served as a foundation for the monitoring of patients’ immune responsiveness based on antigen-induced T cell expression of effector molecules (such as cytokines, chemokines, or proteins associated with cytolysis) as a consequence of therapeutic intervention. The following method outlines a protocol employing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) with SYBR® green technology to examine antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses based on their rapid up-regulation of IFN-γ mRNA transcription following in vitro stimulation with peptide (antigen)-loaded, autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The advantages of the current qRT-PCR approach over protein-based detection methods include the sensitivity to distinguish resident CD8+ T cell responses against multiple antigens without the need to artificially pre-expand T cell numbers ex vivo, as is commonly required for the latter in vitro assay systems. Following qRT-PCR setup and run, the level of human IFN-γ transcript is normalized to CD8 transcript expression level, with data reported as the relative fold change in this index versus a patient-matched PBMC sample stimulated with a negative control peptide (e.g., HIV NEF).
The comKorat Tool: Unified Combinatorial and Constraint-Based Generation of Structurally Complex Tests

This tool paper presents comKorat, which unifies constraint-based generation of structurally complex tests with combinatorial testing. Constraint-based test generation is an effective approach for generating structurally complex inputs for systematic testing. While this approach can typically generate large numbers of tests, it has limited scalability --- tests generated are usually only upi¾?to a small bound on input size. Combinatorial test generation, e.g., pair-wise testing, is a more scalable approach but is challenging to apply on commercial software systems that require complex input structures that cannot be formed by using arbitrary combinations. The comKorat tool integrates Korat and ACTS test generators to generate test suites for large scale commercial systems. This paper presents a case-study of applying comKorat on a software application developed at Yahoo!. The experimental results show that comKorat outperforms existing solution in execution time and finds a total of 23 previously unknown bugs in the application.
Neuroscience: Flipping the sleep switch

Inactivation of a group of sleep-promoting neurons through dopamine signalling can cause acute or chronic wakefulness in flies, depending on changes in three different potassium-channel proteins. See Letter p.333
Reysen ’s Readers

Somewhere between October 1673 and July 1675 Jan Struys’s tales came to the attention of the Amsterdam publishers Jacob van Meurs and Johan van Someren, who decided to publish a version of them as a book.1 Before 1675, both partners had published descriptive cosmographies, but neither had ventured yet in the direction of adventurous travel accounts. This chapter will investigate the kind of reading audience they tried to reach with Reysen and the other two books of their trilogy, van der Heiden’s Vervarelyke schipbreuk (Calamitous Shipwreck) and Schouten’s Oost Indische Voyagie (East Indian Voyage). Chapters 12 and 13 address the manner in which Reysen was actually composed under these publishers’ auspices in 1675 and 1676.
Narrow-linewidth mid-infrared coherent sources based on fiber-amplified Er:ZBLAN microspherical lasers

We demonstrate “usable” output power levels (175 μW) from a narrow-linewidth cw mid-infrared (MIR) laser via Er-Pr:ZBLAN fiber amplification of a 2.72 μm microresonator laser.
Narrating Genocide: Time, Memory, and Blame

More than 20 years have passed since the Rwandan genocide, yet we know little about how Rwandans remember the violence. This article draws upon more than 100 interviews with genocide survivors to assess collective memories of the atrocity. We find that survivors organize their narratives by conceptualizing the genocide as a watershed event that divides time into two distinct eras. When discussing the pregenocide period, survivors focus on macrolevel events and structures, locating blame for the genocide in institutions rather than on Rwandan citizens. By contrast, narratives of life after the genocide focus on perceived progress since 1994. We interpret these findings in light of the state's memory projects, the potential functionality of the memories, and the time needed for collective memories to resonate.
Speaking up: using OSTEs to understand how medical students address professionalism lapses.

Background : Objective-structured teaching encounters (OSTEs) are used across many disciplines to assess teaching ability. The OSTE detailed in this paper assesses 191 fourth-year medical students’ (M4) ability to identify and address lapses in professionalism based on Association of American Medical Colleges’ professionalism competencies. The research questions addressed are How frequently do M4s address professionalism lapses observed during an OSTE? What factors influence whether M4s provide feedback when they observe professionalism lapses in an OSTE? Methods : Standardized patients (SPs) and standardized learners (SLs) were recruited and trained to participate in a standardized encounter with specific cognitive, social, and behavioral errors, including professionalism lapses. M4s viewed this encounter and then offered feedback to the SL, while remotely observed by faculty. Post-encounter, the SL and faculty completed identical checklists to assess both teaching readiness and ability to address professionalism concerns. Results : An analysis of frequencies showed that six of the Association of American Medical Colleges’ nine professional competencies were addressed in the checklist and/or discussed in the focus group. Analysis of transcribed debriefing sessions confirmed that M4s did not consistently address professionalism lapses by their peers. Conclusions : In focus groups, M4s indicated that, while they noticed professionalism issues, they were uncomfortable discussing them with the SLs. Findings of the current study suggest how medical educators might support learners’ ability to address lapses in professionalism as well as topics for future research. Keywords: professionalism; assessment; teaching and learning; medicine; simulation (Published: 3 November 2016) Citation: Med Educ Online 2016, 21: 32610 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.32610
Antidepressants and cognitive impairment in the elderly

Cognitive impairment is an important consideration in the treatment of depression in the elderly because such impairment increases with age, is a symptom of depression, and is a side effect of many antidepressant drugs. Older depressed patients are more likely to suffer acute cognitive impairment from medications including antidepressants, often superimposed on the cognitive impairment of depression. Even mild cognitive impairment can contribute to increased disability in the elderly. The occurrence of severe cognitive impairment (i.e., delirium) with tricyclic antidepressants is probably related to anticholinergic effects. Since the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and some reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (RIMAs) have little if any anticholinergic activity, these agents are expected to result in less cognitive impairment. This hypothesis is supported by a variety of comparative studies. The SSRIs and some RIMAs also have fewer additive effects with other psychoactive agents. Additional evidence suggests that some SSRIs and RIMAs may even improve cognitive functions through mechanisms separate from their antidepressant effects.
The impact of the US on Latin American business cycles: A new approach

Abstract Business cycles in Latin America have tended to be more volatile than those in wealthier nations such as the US. Accordingly, much research has been conducted on Latin business cycles, as well as the impact of the US on such fluctuations. Some research seeks to find how “integrated” cycles are in the US and Latin America, yielding conflicting results. We apply a new method to the question of business cycle synchronization between the US and nine Latin nations. We find that in the majority of cases integration has been rising in recent years. We also find, contrary to some previous studies, that integration does not appear to be affected by either the level of trade or of capital account openness. Finally, we find that the two countries that are dollarized – Ecuador and El Salvador – appear least integrated with the US. This last finding has potentially troubling implications in terms of the ability of these nations to adjust to asymmetric shocks vis-a-vis the US.
Regularity and Singularities in Problems on Domains With Boundary

If Ω ⊂ R n is an open domain with smooth boundary, one considers the regularity of solutions to strictly hyperbolic equations of the form $$ \rho (t,X,D)u - f(t,X)\,on\,R\times \Omega $$ in terms of the regularity of f, the restriction of u to a spacelike initial surface or to a region in the past which determines the values of u in the future, and the restriction of u to the boundary R ×∂Ω. A fundamental example is the following.
Post-discharge hyperpolarization is an endogenous modulatory factor limiting input from fast-conducting nociceptors (AHTMRs).

Peripheral somatosensory neurons are frequently exposed to mechanical forces. Strong stimuli result in neuronal activation of high-threshold mechanosensory afferent neurons, even in the absence of ...
Undergraduate Students with Nonapparent Disabilities Identify Factors that Contribute to Disclosure Decisions

The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the reasons university students with nonapparent disabilities gave for formally disclosing their disability and seeking the university’s disability services or not and the consequences they associate with their decisions. Conducted in a Mid-western four-year university, nine students with self-identified nonapparent disabilities participated in the study. Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted to gather in-depth data from participants. A five-stage approach to qualitative data analysis was adapted to analyse the data. The findings indicate positive experiences with formal disability disclosure, but revealed barriers impeding students’ desire to disclose. Recommendations challenge colleges and universities to create an inclusive ethos for all students with disabilities by removing barriers impeding their full participation in academia.
Ambulatory Palliative Care

Ambulatory palliative care for cancer patients is the practice of promoting quality of life over the course of this serious illness. Quality of life starts with expert symptom management, allowing patients to have reductions in their pain, constipation, nausea, anorexia, dyspnea, anxiety, and fatigue, among others. Once symptoms are well managed, patients have the opportunity to focus on understanding their disease, a process of cultivating prognostic awareness with the palliative care provider over the course of several visits. Promoting adaptive coping is a parallel process in ambulatory palliative care to provide the patient with tools and skills to manage the unpredictability of their lives, their reduced physical and mental capacities, and the uncertain future. Communication skills and techniques are essential in addressing these palliative care tasks, and important themes of listening, deepening the conversation, and managing strong emotion have established and successful approaches that can be learned by all cancer providers. This chapter presents an introduction to ambulatory palliative care, describing important specifics of common symptom management as well as evidence supporting the aims of palliative care and some of the essential communication skills to accomplish this practice.
A testbed for evaluating AI research systems in commercial games

Many AI researchers want to test the utility of their prototypes in complex task environments, such as those defined by commercial gaming simulators. Also, many developers of commercial games need to solve tasks (e.g., game balancing, providing rational agent behaviors) that can be addressed by these systems. However, integrating them with gaming simulators requires substantial effort. We will demonstrate TIELT, a testbed designed to assist with evaluating research prototypes in these task environments.
Analysis of Tetrapod Gaits: General Considerations and Symmetrical Gaits

The relative timing of the cyclic contacts that the feet of tetrapods make with the ground in terrestrial locomotion determines the gaits of the animals. This chapter reports on a comprehensive and integrative study that establishes a system for analyzing gaits. The model facilitates description, identifies all possible gaits, permits the simultaneous study of hundreds of locomotor performances, and helps to interpret the selection of gaits by the various animals.
Synovial Sarcoma of the Head and Neck: A Review of its Diagnosis and Management and a Report of a Rare Case of Orbital Involvement:

Synovial sarcoma is typically an aggressive malignant tumor of the soft tissues, usually in the extremities, that affects young adults. Tumors of the head and neck are rare. Reported head and neck sites have included the hypopharynx (the most common site), the oropharynx, the larynx, and the soft tissues of the neck; only 4 cases of orbital involvement have been previously reported. We describe a case of synovial sarcoma of the medial canthus, which we discovered during a review of a tumor registry. The patient, an 18-year-old woman, underwent conservative excision and postoperative radiation therapy. Long-term follow-up detected no evidence of recurrence. Because there is no established, consistent approach to the treatment of synovial sarcoma of the head and neck, we also present a consensus management plan based on our review of the literature.
Nonlinear transport, dynamic ordering, and clustering for driven skyrmions on random pinning

Using numerical simulations, we examine the nonlinear dynamics of skyrmions driven over random pinning. For weak pinning, the skyrmions depin elastically, retaining sixfold ordering; however, at the onset of motion there is a dip in the magnitude of the structure factor peaks due to a decrease in positional ordering, indicating that the depinning transition can be detected using the structure factor even within the elastic depinning regime. At higher drives, the moving skyrmion lattice regains full ordering. For increasing pinning strength, we find a transition from elastic to plastic depinning that is accompanied by a sharp increase in the depinning threshold due to the proliferation of topological defects, similar to the peak effect found at the elastic to plastic depinning transition in superconducting vortex systems. For strong pinning and strong Magnus force, the skyrmions in the moving phase can form a strongly clustered or phase-separated state with highly modulated skyrmion density, similar to that recently observed in continuum-based simulations for strong disorder. As the Magnus force is decreased, the density phase-separated state crosses over to a dynamically phase-separated state with uniform density but with flow localized in bands of motion, while in the strongly damped limit, both types of phase-separated states are lost. In the strong pinning limit, we find highly nonlinear velocity-force curves in the transverse and longitudinal directions, along with distinct regions of negative differential conductivity in the plastic flow regime. The negative differential conductivity is absent in the overdamped limit. The Magnus force is responsible for both the negative differential conductivity and the clustering effects since it causes faster moving skyrmions to partially rotate around slower moving or pinned skyrmions.
Water Homeostasis and Cell Volume Maintenance and Regulation.

Abstract From early unicellular organisms that formed in salty water environments to complex organisms that live on land away from water, cells have had to protect a homeostatic internal environment favorable to the biochemical reactions necessary for life. In this chapter, we will outline what steps were necessary to conserve the water within our cells and how mechanisms have evolved to maintain and regulate our cellular and organismal volume. We will first examine whole body water homeostasis and the relationship between kidney function, regulation of blood pressure, and blood filtration in the process of producing urine. We will then discuss how the composition of the lipid-rich bilayer affects its permeability to water and salts, and how the cell uses this differential to drive physiological and biochemical cellular functions. The capacity to maintain cell volume is vital to epithelial transport, neurotransmission, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell migration. Finally, we will wrap up the chapter by discussing in some detail specific channels, cotransporters, and exchangers that have evolved to facilitate the movement of cations and anions otherwise unable to cross the lipid-rich bilayer and that are involved in maintaining or regulating cell volume.
Savoring as a Moderator of the Daily Demands and Psychological Capital Relationship: A Daily Diary Study

ABSTRACTThe present study examined daily savoring as a moderator of the relationship between daily demands and daily psychological capital (PsyCap), a collective term referring to the positive psyc...
Annual Growth Rings in Two Mangrove Species from the Sundarbans, Bangladesh Demonstrate Linkages to Sea-Level Rise and Broad-Scale Ocean-Atmosphere Variability

Worldwide, mangroves are a wetland biome that has both ecological and societal importance. Across the coastal region of the Bay of Bengal, the Sundarbans is the largest continual mangrove forest in the world. One way to examine growth trends in tree species is with tree-ring analysis, or dendrochronology. However, tropical applications of dendrochronology are often met with limited success because not many tropical tree species form consistently annual growth rings. Here, we aim to [1] examine if two common mangrove species in the Sundarbans, Heritiera fomes and Sonneratia apetala, produce annual growth rings and [2] better understand the environmental and climatic drivers of mangrove radial growth. We successfully developed species chronologies from S. apetala and H. fomes and found species-specific correlations with seasonal precipitation. S. apetala growth significantly correlates with climate drivers including the Madden-Julian Oscillation the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, and the Indian Ocean Dipole. Our findings show that growth rings from mangroves that experience distinct changes in seasonal climate can be used as indicators of species health and productivity.
On formation of Al-O-C bonds at aluminum/polyamide joint interface

Abstract Strong dissimilar materials joints consisting of aluminum alloy and polyamide 66 (PA66) plates were produced by a new joining method: friction lap welding (FLW). To understand the key joining mechanism, special samples were made by evaporation of aluminum oxide onto PA66 plates to form an aluminum alloy/PA66 interface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for characterizing the resulting interfacial chemistry in these aluminum alloy/PA66 samples. Both the Al2p and C1s spectra of XPS confirmed the formation of Al O C bonds at the interface between PA66 and alumina coating. Approximately 23.6% of the Al atoms in the 0.8 nm alumina coating have contributed to the formation of Al O C bonds. The carbonyl group at the PA66 surface played an essential role in the formation of such an Al O C bond. The formation of Al O C bonds was proved to be a key factor for achieving good joint strengths in such metal/polymer joints, providing a direct understanding why aluminum alloys can be directly welded to PA66 plates with superior joint strength.
Comparison of DNA hypomethylating agents and low dose cytarabine in elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients: A meta-analysis.

e18062 Background: Both DNA hypomethylating agents (HMA) and low dose cytarabine (LDAC) have been widely used for elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with intermediate or poor cytogenetic...