cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gill microbiome structure and function in the chemosymbiotic coastal lucinid Stewartia floridana

Lucinid bivalves harbor environmentally acquired, chemosynthetic, gammaproteobacterial gill endosymbionts. Lucinid gill microbiomes, which may contain other gammaproteobacterial and/or spirochete taxa, remain under-sampled. To understand inter-host variability of the lucinid gill microbiome, specifically in the bacterial communities, we analyzed the microbiome content of Stewartia floridana collected from Florida. Sampled gills contained a monospecific gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont expressing lithoautotrophic, mixotrophic, diazotrophic and C1 compound oxidation-related functions previously characterized in similar lucinid species. Another low-abundance Spirochaeta-like species in ∼72% of the sampled gills was most closely related to Spirochaeta-like species in another lucinid Phacoides pectinatus and formed a clade with known marine Spirochaeta symbionts. The spirochete expressed genes were involved in heterotrophy and the transport of sugars, amino acids, peptides and other substrates. Few muscular and neurofilament genes from the host and none from the gammaproteobacterial and spirochete symbionts were differentially expressed among quadrats predominantly covered with seagrass species or 80% bare sand. Our results suggest that spirochetes are facultatively associated with S. floridana, with potential scavenging and nutrient cycling roles. Expressed stress- and defense-related functions in the host and symbionts also suggest species-species communications, which highlight the need for further study of the interactions among lucinid hosts, their microbiomes and their environment.
Sex-Determining Region Y Controls the Effects of Fetal Alcohol Exposure on Proopiomelanocortin Gene Expression

Fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) causes various neurodevelopmental deficits in offspring, including reduced expression of the stress regulatory proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene and an elevated stress response for multiple generations via the male germline. Male germline-specific effects of FAE on the Pomc gene raises the question if the sex-determining region Y (SRY) may have a role in regulating Pomc gene expression. Using a transgenerational model of FAE in Fischer 344 rats, we determined the role of SRY in the regulation of the Pomc gene. FAEs, like on the Pomc gene, reduced Sry gene expression in sperm and the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in male adult offspring. Fetal alcohol-induced inhibition of Sry gene expression was associated with increased Sry promoter DNA methylation. Additionally, fetal alcohol effects on the Sry gene persisted for three generations in the male germline but not in the female germline. Sry gene knockdown reduced the Pomc gene expression. Sry recruitment onto the Pomc promoter was found to be reduced in the hypothalamus of fetal alcohol-exposed rats compared to control rats. Pomc promoter luciferase activity was increased following Sry overexpression. A site-directed mutagenesis study revealed that SRY binding sites are required for POMC promoter transcription activity. Overall, these findings suggest that SRY plays a stimulatory role in the regulation of Pomc gene expression and may potentially contribute to the fetal alcohol-induced changes in the level of Pomc gene expression for multiple generations.
Towards an Engineering Ethics with Non-engineers: How Western Engineering Ethics May Learn from Taiwan

This chapter engages with one dominant thought in Western engineering ethics: engineering ethics is ethics of professional engineers; when there are no engineers in charge, it is not a substantive issue of engineering ethics. Taking a linguistic philosophical approach to engineering, I start with a brief etymology of “engineering” in English, and describe how its closest equivalent in the Chinese language, gong cheng, despite carrying selected senses of Western “engineering,” has retained in large part its traditional meanings that concern a wide scope of technological activities much broader than the narrow, technical purview of a professional engineer. Based on the interpretations of engineering in the Chinese language, my study demonstrates how engineering ethics in Taiwan encompasses all the relevant participants that have an influence on engineering work. In enlisting non-engineers into the engineering profession, engineering ethics in Taiwan fosters a community of “engineering personnel” that are expected to work collectively to make engineering work better and safer for the public. This inclusive genre of engineering ethics not only reconciles the assumed antagonism between engineers and non-engineers by including what is often a professional engineer’s “environment” in the proper field of engineering and its ethics. It is also inherently aligned with contextual approaches to engineering ethics, presenting a strong case for the relevance of “macroethics” and science and technology studies (STS), which are sometimes played down by engineering ethicists. My hope is that engineering ethics in Taiwan as presented here could serve as one paradigm of engineering ethics for the global engineering community and Western engineering ethics.
MetaTP: Traffic Prediction with Unevenly-Distributed Road Sensing Data via Fast Adaptation

With the popularity of smartphones, large-scale road sensing data is being collected to perform traffic prediction, which is an important task in modern society. Due to the nature of the roving sensors on smartphones, the collected traffic data which is in the form of multivariate time series, is often temporally sparse and unevenly distributed across regions. Moreover, different regions can have different traffic patterns, which makes it challenging to adapt models learned from regions with sufficient training data to target regions. Given that many regions may have very sparse data, it is also impossible to build individual models for each region separately. In this paper, we propose a meta-learning based framework named MetaTP to overcome these challenges. MetaTP has two key parts, i.e., basic traffic prediction network (base model) and meta-knowledge transfer. In base model, a two-layer interpolation network is employed to map original time series onto uniformly-spaced reference time points, so that temporal prediction can be effectively performed in the reference space. The meta-learning framework is employed to transfer knowledge from source regions with a large amount of data to target regions with a few data examples via fast adaptation, in order to improve model generalizability on target regions. Moreover, we use two memory networks to capture the global patterns of spatial and temporal information across regions. We evaluate the proposed framework on two real-world datasets, and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Measurement of the Z and W Boson Production Cross Section in the Electron Mode in pp¯ Collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV

The resonant production of the Z and W bosons and their subsequent decays into eν and e+e¯ final states provide ground for numerous studies at hadron colliders. The measurement of their production cross sections is important to test theoretical predictions based on parton distribution functions and on NLO QCD calculations. The experimental precision is, however, limited by the knowledge of the luminosity due to the uncertainty on the total inelastic pp¯ cross section. This limitation disappears when R the ratio of cross sections is used to extract the total width of the W boson. Similar analyses at lower center-of-mass energies have been published by the DO collaboration[1] and by other experiments [2-4]. The Z and W production processes, which provide a clean sample of electrons, also play a crucial role for calibration purposes.
Experiments and Applications of Support System for Caregivers with Optical Fiber Sensor and Cleaning Robot

This research aims to propose a supporting system with sensor network technology and cleaning robots to alleviate workload of caregivers in welfare facilities. Our focus is to reduce the labor load of nurses that has increased with elderly population growth. On the basis of the system requirements clarified from a site survey in a nursing facility, this paper proposes an integration method of sensors that keeps monitoring situations in a facility and cleaning robots that can approach an incident location detected by the sensing system to confirm safety of facility residents. Keywords-monitoring system; sensor network; cleaning robot; nursing.
Notes and correspondence: An alternative form for potential vorticity

A form of potential vorticity is described that has conversation properties similar to those of Ertel's potential vorticity (EPV) but removes the exponential variation with height displayed by EPV. This form is thus more suitable for inspecting vertical cross sections of potential vorticity and for use (with potential temperature) as a quasi-conserved coordinate in the analysis of chemical constituent data.
Lcross: Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite Project

This slide presentation reviews the success of the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) project. The LCROSS mission science goals was to: (1) Confirm the presence or absence of water ice in a permanently shadowed region on the Moon (2) Identify the form/state of hydrogen observed by at the lunar poles (3) Quantify, if present, the amount of water in the lunar regolith, with respect to hydrogen concentrations (4) Characterize the lunar regolith within a permanently shadowed crater on the Moon. The mission confirmed the presence of water ice on the moon by impacting a part of the spent Centaur upper stage into the Cabeus crater.. The presentation includes pictures of the development of the spacecraft, testing, launch, impact site, impact and a section of what the author called "Lunacy" which showed joking cartoons.
Detailed Case Study: Web Analysis Visualization Spreadsheet

In this Chapter, we present a detailed case study of using the spreadsheet to analyze a large abstract data set—the content, usage, and structure of a large Web site. We demonstrate how the visualization principles apply in this specific data domain.
Lies and Betrayals: Rhetoric in Butor'S L'Emploi Du Temps

As a first person New Novel, Michel Butor's L'Emploi du temps foregrounds narrative indeterminacy in different ways. When the narrator-protagonist of the novel, Jacques Revel, confesses his misdeeds and offers excuses for them, he is guilty of bad faith in the Sartrian sense. In an effort to deflect the blame for his wrongdoings, Revel engages in a process of fictionalization that involves the use of rhetoric. This essay provides a de Manian reading of the novel by examining the inconsistencies and the rhetorical devices at work in the narrator's discourse. The article analyzes five tropes that inform the narrator's project: anacoluthon, paralipsis, apostrophe, anthropomorphism, and prosopopoeia. It demonstrates that the narrator's detective work as well as his romance with the Bailey sisters are a fiction. Using anacoluthon and paralipsis, the narrator manipulates the chronology of events and forges an unstable relationship between fabula (story) and sjužet (plot). When he attains self-awareness, Revel u...
The emerging case for axion dark matter

Dark matter axions form a rethermalizing Bose–Einstein condensate. This provides an opportunity to distinguish axions from other forms of dark matter on observational grounds. I show that if the dark matter is axions, tidal torque theory predicts a specific structure for the phase space distribution of the halos of isolated disk galaxies, such as the Milky Way. This phase space structure is precisely that of the caustic ring model, for which observational support had been found earlier. The other dark matter candidates predict a different phase space structure for galactic halos.
The Open Expression of Differences in the Field Practicum: Report of a Pilot Study

Abstract This article asserts that in order to prepare MSW students to contribute to social policy debate and to speak out in support of the values of the profession, freedom to express and explore differences is required. Social work education needs to examine whether sufficient attention has been given to the open expression of differences, and whether it is seen as appropriate content within the educational experience. The authors conducted a pilot study to explore the nature of differences that arise in the field practicum, how and when they emerge, how they are handled in the instructional process, and whether and when students and field instructors expect them. Findings of the study are discussed in terms of their impact on teaching and learning in the field practicum as well as their potential impact on curriculum.
Publicación de revistas electrónicas: economía de su producción, distribución y uso *

This paper analyses economic aspects of the scientific scholarly journal publishing, based on production costs and use data. It compares the production of traditional journals with electronic journals, discussing price policies for subscriptions and providing a guide to assess breakeven points, helping libraries to face the option of subscribing to journals or obtaining separate copies through intelibrary borrowing or document delivery.
A Comparison of the Andromeda and Milky Way Galaxies

A comparison of some of the basic properties of M31 and the Milky Way indicates that in almost every respect M31 is larger than the Galaxy. It is more luminous, redder, more massive, and of earlier Hubble type. A detailed comparison of the spiral structure, based on optical tracers, for comparable areas in the outer parts of each galaxy shows differences in the arm spacings, in density enhancement, and in pitch angle.
A better reading tutor that listens

Project LISTEN's Reading Tutor listens to children read aloud, and helps them learn to read, as illustrated on the Videos page of our website This Interactive Event encompasses both this basic interaction and new extensions we are developing.
A new model formulation for power system voltage control during large disturbances

In this paper we revisit the issue of modeling of the interconnected power system for the purpose of evaluating stability and control design. In order to address the problem of system dynamic security for large disturbances or oscillations, it may be necessary to deal with direct stability methods. This is a field that has been extensively explored with respect to "transient stability", and a large body of literature exists with respect to various Lyapunov or "energy" functions, in particular the so-called transient energy functions. Typically, the transient energy function methods do not address inter-area modes, but from a design perspective, it may be possible to utilize a Lyapunov-based approach for control design in the presence of large disturbances. In this paper we consider an adaptation of a robust control result that was first developed by Peterson (1987) within the framework of quadratic Lyapunov functions for the purpose of design and evaluation of voltage control in the presence of large swings in generator rotor angles. >
Target of Rapamycin Regulates Development and Ribosomal RNA Expression through Kinase Domain in Arabidopsis

Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central regulator of cell growth, cell death, nutrition, starvation, hormone, and stress responses in diverse eukaryotes. However, very little is known about TOR signaling and the associated functional domains in plants. We have taken a genetic approach to dissect TOR functions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and report here that the kinase domain is essential for the role of TOR in embryogenesis and 45S rRNA expression. Twelve new T-DNA insertion mutants, spanning 14.2 kb of TOR-encoding genomic region, have been characterized. Nine of these share expression of defective kinase domain and embryo arrest at 16 to 32 cell stage. However, three T-DNA insertion lines affecting FATC domain displayed normal embryo development, indicating that FATC domain was dispensable in Arabidopsis. Genetic complementation showed that the TOR kinase domain alone in tor-10/tor-10 mutant background can rescue early embryo lethality and restore normal development. Overexpression of full-length TOR or kinase domain in Arabidopsis displayed developmental abnormalities in meristem, leaf, root, stem, flowering time, and senescence. We further show that TOR, especially the kinase domain, plays a role in ribosome biogenesis by activating 45S rRNA production. Of the six putative nuclear localization sequences in the kinase domain, nuclear localization sequence 6 was identified to confer TOR nuclear targeting in transient expression assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the HEAT repeat domain binds to 45S rRNA promoter and the 5' external transcribed spacer elements motif. Together, these results show that TOR controls the embryogenesis, postembryonic development, and 45S rRNA production through its kinase domain in Arabidopsis.
Construction of a protoglomerular template by olfactory axons initiates the formation of olfactory glomeruli in the insect brain

Olfactory glomeruli in insects share many features of organization with their vertebrate counterparts, and yet offer distinct advantages for study of neuronal development. Previous studies have revealed that the olfactory lobes of the brain of the moth Manduca sexta arise postembryonically and that glomeruli in the lobe are induced by olfactory afferent axons (Hildebrand et al., 1979; Oland and Tolbert, 1987). In the present study, we have used the Golgi method, intracellular labeling of neurons with Lucifer yellow, and electron microscopy to follow neuronal development in the antennal lobe through the period when glomeruli develop. Our results, taken together with other results from our laboratory, suggest that olfactory sensory axons have the intrinsic ability to form protoglomeruli, and that an interaction between these axons and glial cells (but not the majority of the neurons of the antennal lobe) causes the glial cells to surround the protoglomeruli. Ingrowth of the neurites of most antennal-lobe neurons into the protoglomeruli occurs after a small delay and appears to be constrained to glomerular units by the presence of the glial boundaries. Synapses, initially not detected in the protoglomeruli, begin to appear as soon as the neurites of antennal-lobe neurons appear in the glomeruli. Thus, antennal axons, instead of immediately seeking out postsynaptic targets, first form the template for organization of future glomeruli. The neurites of most of the neurons of the antennal lobe grow outward to meet the olfactory sensory axons, and in doing so, join with these axons to form glomeruli. Preliminary results concerning the development of a second class of neuron in the lobe, the projection neurons, indicate that at least some of these neurons may arborize in the region of the protoglomeruli very early and therefore participate with the afferent axons in laying the foundation for glomeruli.
When the Killing's Done

Review of When the Killing's Done. T. Coreghessan Boyle. 2011. Viking Press, New York, NY. Pp. 384. ISBN10: 0143120395. ISBN13: 978‐0143120391
Logical and statistical fallacies in the use of cox regression models

Time-dependent covariates are an essential data analysis tool for modeling the effect of a study factor whose value changes during follow-up. However, survival analysis models can yield conclusions that are contrary to the truth if such time-dependent factors are not defined and used carefully. We outline some of the biases that can occur when time-dependent covariates are used improperly in a Cox regression model. For example, we discuss why one should almost never use a covariate that has been averaged over a patient's entire follow-up time as a baseline covariate. Instead, the baseline value should be used as a covariate, or the cumulative average up to each point in time should be used as a time-dependent covariate. We also document why one should use time-dependent covariates with great caution in analyses when the evaluation of a baseline factor is the primary objective. Several simulated examples are given to illustrate the direction and magnitude of the biases that can result from not adhering to some basic assumptions that underlie all survival analysis methodologies.
Evolution and distribution of (GT)n repetitive sequences in mammalian genomes

Abstract The dinucleotide repetitive sequence, (GT) n , is highly interspersed in eukaryotic genomes and may have functional roles in genetic recombination or the modulation of transcriptional activity. We have examined the distribution and conservation of position of GT repetitive sequences in several mammalian genomes. The distribution of GT repetitive sequences in the human genome was determined by the analysis of over 3700 cosmid clones containing human insert DNA. On average, a GT repetitive sequence occurs every 30 kb in DNA from euchromatic regions. GT repetitive sequences are significantly underrepresented in centric heterochromatin. The density of GT repetitive sequences in the human genome could also be estimated by analyzing GenBank genomic sequences that include introns and flanking sequences. The frequency of GT repetitive sequences found in GenBank human DNA sequences was in close agreement with that obtained by experimental methods. GenBank genomic sequences also revealed that (GT) n repetitive sequences ( n > 6) occur every 18 and 21 kb, on average, in mouse and rat genomes. Comparative analysis of 31 homologous sequences containing (GT) n repetitive sequences from several mammals representing four orders revealed that the positions of these repeats have been conserved between closely related species, such as humans and other primates. To a lesser extent, positions of GT repetitive sequences have been conserved between species in distantly related groups such as primates and rodents. The distribution and conservation of GT repetitive sequences is discussed with respect to possible functional roles of the repetitive sequence.
Some research problems in automatic information retrieval

Information retrieval components are currently incorporated in several types of information systems, including bibliographic retrieval systems, data base management systems and question-answering systems. Some of the problems arising in the real-time environment in which these systems operate are briefly discussed. Certain recent advances in information retrieval research are then mentioned, including the formulation of new probabilistic retrieval models, and the development of automatic document analysis and Boolean query processing techniques.
Policy scenarios for energy efficiency improvement in industry

Abstract We have investigated three policy scenarios, entailing different degrees of commitment to improve energy efficiency to address the energy, economic and environmental challenges faced by the US industry. The scenarios reflect alternative views of the urgency with which policymakers and the American people will view these challenges and the policies they will seek. The industry consumes about 37% of primary energy in the United States, and is expected to grow under business-as-usual conditions. The policy scenarios find energy efficiency improvements from 7% to 17% beyond business as usual by 2020 for the Moderate and Advanced scenarios, respectively. The study demonstrates that there are substantial potentials for further efficiency improvement in the industry. However, an integrated policy framework that accounts for the different characteristics of industrial sector decision-makers, technologies and sectors is needed to achieve these potentials.
VARIABLE EPISTATIC EFFECTS BETWEEN MUTATIONS AT HOST RECOGNITION SITES IN φX174 BACTERIOPHAGE

Epistatic interactions between mutations are widespread. Theoretical investigations have shown that variability in epistatic effects influences fundamental evolutionary processes, yet few empirical studies have identified causes or the extent of this variation. We examined variation in epistatic effects of mutations at two host recognition sites in φX174 bacteriophage. We calculated epistatic effects from the sum of fitness effects (log scale) of two single mutants and their corresponding double mutant for five combinations of mutations in six conditions. We found that epistatic effects differed in sign, degree, and variability across conditions. The data highlight that even between single mutations at the same two sites the sign and variability of epistatic effects are affected by environment. We discuss these findings in the context of studying the role of epistasis in evolution.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension.

Abstract The difficulties in diagnosing primary pulmonary hypertension are discussed and the criteria to be fulfilled are listed. The importance of left heart catheterization in excluding cases of “occult mitral stenosis”, a remediable form of heart disease, is stressed. A case is described in which such disease was present with the unusual etiology of endocardial fibroelastosis involving the mitral valve.
Blood pressure control in patients receiving bevacizumab in an outpatient cancer center

Purpose. Hypertension is a common adverse effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling inhibitors, such as bevacizumab, with an incidence upwards of 35%. The management of bevacizumab-induced hypertension is important in order to avoid dose interruption/discontinuation and/or end organ damage. The efficacy of antihypertensive medications for this cause of hypertension has not been demonstrated. This study seeks to determine if antihypertensives are effective in treating anti-VEGF-induced hypertension from bevacizumab and determine which classes of antihypertensive agents are effective.Methods. A retrospective review of all patients who received bevacizumab between January 2007 and September 2009 at two medical centers was conducted. Patients were included if they experienced new onset or exacerbation of preexisting hypertension, during bevacizumab treatment. Efficacy of antihypertensives was determined by recording a 28-day change in systolic blood pressure from the initiation or dose inc...
THE ABSENCE FROM THE URINE OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA PATIENTS OF A MOSQUITO GROWTH FACTOR PRESENT IN NORMAL URINE

Extracts prepared from the urine of normal persons or patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia contain a substance, possibly flavine or a flavine compound, which under suitable conditions of test enhances the growth of larvae of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. This substance is lacking, or is present in much smaller amount, in extracts from the urine of pernicious anemia patients showing symptoms of the disease. Extracts from the urine of the same patients after adequate treatment contain as much of the substance as normal urine extracts.
Amazing Grace: Religion and Identity among Elderly Black Individuals:

A sample of forty-three “life stories” collected from elderly African-Americans residing in Southwestern Virginia is analyzed from the perspective of Continuity Theory. The focus is on the “theme” which religion plays as a bulwark of continuity in the lives of the respondents. The data reveal that religion serves at least seven significant and positive functions in the normal aging process of Black-Americans. As is customary, all names of respondents have been changed to protect their anonymity.
Effect of As2O3 and NaNO3 on the Solution of O2 in Soda‐Lime Glass

The rate at which soda-lime glass absorbed oxygen increased with the addition of arsenious oxide to the batch; the absorption rate increased further when sodium nitrate was substituted for part of the sodium carbonate in the batch. There was little difference, however, between the rate of absorption in melts in a gas furnace and melts in an electric furnace. The rate of absorption increased in all cases as the temperature increased in the range 1065° to 1280°C.
Graduate Education in Economics after the COGEE Report: Discussion

The ability of a scientific discipline to prosper and continue to contribute to knowledge is predicated on its ability to explain and potentially predict phenomena occurring in the natural and man-made world. A science that is static in its ability to explain (or refine its explanation of) interesting and/or useful phenomena is a science in decline. In some sense, one can measure the success of a science by the degree to which it is used by society either directly or indirectly. And one good measure of the health of a scientific discipline is the degree to which the adoption of newly discovered knowledge exceeds the depreciation (in use value) of previously adopted material. We can measure the demand for economic knowledge in a variety of ways, including the price paid for consulting fees, the average wage of economists compared to other professionals with similar characteristics and levels of resources devoted to training, and the number of individuals interested in learning about economics at high school, college, and other levels. A very indirect measure of the value of economic knowledge is provided by the number of students who pursue economics as a degree, particularly at the graduate level. Rational students predicting the future earnings and personal utility derived from a degree in economics will choose economics as a ma-
31P NMR studies of the solution structure and dynamics of nucleosomes and DNA

31P NMR studies of 140 base pair DNA fragments in nucleosomes and free in solution show no detectable change in the internucleotide 31P chemical shift or linewidth when DNA is packaged into nucleosomes. Measurements of 31P spin-lattice relaxation times T1 and 31P-[H] nuclear Overhauser enhancements revealed internal motion with a correlation time of about 4 x 10(-10) sec in double helical DNA, both free in solution and bound to nucleosomal core proteins. This result implies greater dynamic mobility in double helical DNA than has previously been supposed.
Evaluating Peer Review in an Introductory Instructional Design Course.

A peer review process, in which students reviewed other students' projects in a graduate introductory instructional design course, was evaluated. Peer review was experienced by these students as a learning activity about the process of instructional design (ID). The role of traditional ID models in representing ID as overly procedural-ized was mitigated, and the value, inter-personal processes, and affective aspects of formative evaluation were recognized. The effectiveness of peer review was influenced by the culture of the course in which it was embedded and by the structure of the process itself. Peer review is proposed as an authentic and efficient means to introduce graduate students to the strategic knowledge needed to apply ID skills. Recommendations are made to increase the effectiveness of peer review.
Shame, ministry, and theological education: Leaves from the notebook of a defiant seminarian

Many young adult Christians are highly influenced by relativism of all sorts, which can lead them to a state of doubt. If they voice their doubts too loudly, they are often shamed and abandoned by their elder Christians who do not have (or, perhaps better, do not voice) these doubts. I suggest that those of us involved in youth ministry must meet our youth where they are at, that is, meet them in their doubt, which is not, in my view, a bad place to be. This article focuses on a psychoanalytic understanding of shame and draws from the work of Donald Capps, Erik H. Erikson, Heinz Kohut, and D. W. Winnicott.
Rank tests for ANOVA with large number of factor levels

Recent papers (Boos, D. D and Brownie, C. (1995). ANOVA and rank tests when the number of treatments is large. Statist. Probab. Lett., 23, 183–191; Akritas, M. G. and Arnold, S. (2000). Asymptotics for ANOVA when the number of levels is large. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95, 212–226; Bathke, A. (2002). ANOVA for a large number of treatments. Mathematical Methods of Statistics, 11(1), 118–132; Akritas and Papadatos 2004; Wang and Akritas 2003) have studied asymptotic properties of ANOVA F-statistics, under general distribution assumptions, when the number of levels is large. Most of these results pertain to statistics based on the original observations, which require strong moment assumptions and are sensitive to outliers. In this paper, we study the use of rank statistics as robust alternatives. Balanced and unbalanced, homoscedastic and heteroscedastic ANOVA models are considered. The main asymptotic tools are the asymptotic rank transform and Hajek's projection method. Simulation re...
Maltreatment in psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents with developmental disabilities : prevalence and correlates

ABSTRACT Objective The goals of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of child maltreatment in hospitalized children and adolescents with developmental disabilities and concomitant psychiatric disorders, and (2) to identify the contribution of specific mother and child characteristics to the use of more severe disciplinary practices by mothers. Method One hundred thirty-eight psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents with developmental disabilities and mothers were assessed using a semistructured interview (Child Abuse and Neglect Interview Schedule) examining factors associated with risk of child maltreatment, and questionnaires measuring maternal and child functioning. The Child Abuse and Neglect Interview Schedule and hospital charts were then used to derive ratings on the prevalence and severity of child maltreatment. Results Findings revealed that 61% of children had experienced some form of severe maltreatment by a care provider in their lifetime. Regression analysis indicated that interactions between high levels of social functioning and disruptive/oppositional behaviors and younger age in children, and low levels of social support and increased anger reactivity in mothers, were most predictive of mothers' use of severe disciplinary practices. Conclusions Maltreatment in psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents with disabilities is very prevalent, and it warrants careful clinical assessment. In the psychiatric setting, families in which the child is younger, higher functioning, and behaviorally disruptive, and where mothers have little social support and exhibit increased anger reactivity, are at especially elevated risk.
D2 antagonist-induced c-fos in an identified subpopulation of globus pallidus neurons by a direct intrapallidal action

Much research now supports the view that the dopaminergic innervation of the globus pallidus external segment (GP) influences basal ganglia information processing via pallidal dopamine (DA) D2, D3, and possibly D1 receptors. Systemic DA agonists, or systemic or intrapallidal dopamine D2-class antagonist administration, can induce immediate early gene expression (IEG) in the rat GP. In view of the distinct chemical phenotypes and axonal projections of the GP neurons, it is important to characterize the population(s) of pallidal neurons responding to local DA manipulations. Parvalbumin (PV) immunostaining was used to identify one of the two principal GP neuron populations. Awake, behaving rats received intrapallidal infusions of the dopamine D2 antagonist sulpiride (50 or 100 ng), the D1-class antagonist SCH-23390 (100 ng), the D2-class agonist quinpirole (500 ng), the GABA(A) antagonist picrotoxin (0.25, 0.5 or 1 microg) or bicuculline (20 ng), the GABA(A) agonist muscimol (15 ng) or vehicle. Intrapallidal GABA manipulations were used to assess the likelihood that the effects of the DAergic drugs on Fos induction occurred secondarily to altering intrapallidal GABA release. Using Fos and PV double immunolabeling procedures, we found that several treatments induced GP Fos, but that intrapallidal sulpiride induced Fos almost exclusively in PV-lacking pallidal neurons. No other intrapallidal drug-induced Fos showed similar population specificity. These results support evidence suggesting that GP DA can play a unique and critical role in modulating pallidal neuron function, and that the cessation of pallidal dopamine transmission can activate gene expression within the pallidal neuron subpopulation that maintains extensive axonal projections to caudate-putamen.
Sensitivity to Grammatical Morphemes in Children With Specific Language Impairment

Grammatical morphemes, such as articles and auxiliary verbs, provide potentially useful information to language learners. However, children with specific language impairment (SLI) frequently fail t...
Functionalized nanophase hydroxyapatite (HA) for orthopedic applications

Orthopedic implants fail due to various reasons such as extensive bacterial colonization, poor osseointegration, extensive inflammation and osteolysis due to wear debris. In order to reduce orthopedic implant failures, the main objective of this study was to create a biomimetic bone tissue engineering material based on the osteoconductive properties of nanophase hydroxyapatite (HA), the bacterial inhibition properties of the MAM7 peptide 1 , the quorum sensing inhibitor RNAIII peptide 2 , and the anticancer properties of the PCK3145 peptide 3 as well as curcumin 4 . Results showed promise for these materials to combat common failure modes of orthopedic implants.
Crustal structure beneath the southern Appalachians: Nonuniqueness of gravity modeling

Gravity models computed for a profile across the long-wavelength paired negative-positive Bouguer anomalies of the southern Appalachian Mountains show that the large negative anomaly can be explained by a crustal root zone, whereas the steep gradient and positive anomaly east of the root may be explained equally well by three different geometries: a suture zone, a mantle upwarp, or a shallow body. Seismic data support the existence of a mountain root but are inadequate to resolve differences among the three possible geometries for the positive anomaly. The presence of outcropping mafic and ultramafic rocks in the southern Appalachians and the inferred tectonic history of the Appalachian orogen are most consistent with the suture-zone model. Crust similar to continental crust probably exists beneath the Coastal Plain and inner continental shelf where the gravity anomalies return to near-zero values.
A practical heat transfer model for geothermal piles

Abstract Idealized heat source models, which assume constant heat flux along the entire length of heat sources, cannot be used for accurate quantification of ground temperature response during thermal operation of geothermal piles. This paper presents an annular cylinder heat source model that can realistically simulate heat transport by the fluid circulating through the tubes embedded in heat exchanger piles. A finite difference code is developed for simultaneous solution of partial differential equations, which describe both transient and steady-state heat transfer from a geothermal pile to the surrounding soil. Results show that the use of a constant heat flux along the entire length of a heat exchanger pile may significantly misinterpret thermal response over time after the start of heat exchange operation. The impact of different model parameters on the performance of a geothermal pile is investigated through a sensitivity study. Based on the results from sensitivity study, initial temperature difference between ground and circulation fluid, thermal conductivity of soil, and radius of circulation tube are identified to be the most important parameters that affect thermal efficiency of a geothermal pile.
Gene therapy against neurological insults: sparing neurons versus sparing function

Increasing knowledge of neuron death mediators has led to gene therapy techniques for neuroprotection. Overexpression of numerous genes enhances survival after necrotic or neurodegenerative damage. Nonetheless, although encouraging, little is accomplished if a neuron is spared from death, but not from dysfunction. This article reviews neuroprotection experiments that include some measure of function, and synthesizes basic principles relating to its maintenance. Variations in gene delivery systems, including virus-type and latency between damage onset and vector delivery, probably impact the therapeutic outcome. Additionally, functional sparing might depend on factors related to insult severity, neuron type involved or the step in the death cascade that is targeted.
Increased nasal potential difference and amiloride sensitivity in neonates with cystic fibrosis

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have an increased nasal transepithelial potential difference (PD) which reflects increased sodium absorption across epithelium relatively impermeable to chloride. To evaluate nasal epithelial function in neonates with CF, the PD was recorded and the voltage response to superfusion of 10 −5 M amiloride, an inhibitor of sodium transport, measured between a Ringer perfused bridge on the nasal mucosa and a reference electrode in the subcutaneous space. We studied three neonates with CF with meconium ileus and compared the results with those in 24 term healthy neonates, including one obligate heterozygote for CF, and 27 control neonates with disease. All three CF neonates had raised sweat chloride values (mean 100 mEq/L) at 2 months. The CF neonates had higher PDs (−64.0±8.4 mV) than those in normal (−24.4±2.0 mV) or control (−25.8±2.0 mV) neonates. Superfusion with amiloride induced a 72% reduction in PD in the CF neonates as compared with healthy (37.5±1.0%) and diseased (36.0±1.3%) neonates. The PD and amiloride response in CF neonates are similar to those in CF infants (2–24 months), older CF children (>6 years), and CF adults (−64.9±9.3 mV; 77.7±1.8%, n=51). These results suggest that (1) nasal epithelial dysfunction is present in patients with CF shortly after birth, and (2) the nasal PD may be a diagnostic adjunct to the sweat test in the early diagnosis of CF.
Following the Path of CCL2 from Prostaglandins to Periostin in Lung Fibrosis

Without question, the greatest and most humbling honor of my scientific career was to learn that I was nominated for the American Thoracic Society Recognition Award for Scientific Accomplishments. On the occasion of this award, as I look back on the progress made in the last 15 years, I am pleased by the scientific insights; however, I am also saddened that we still have no internationally recognized efficacious therapy. This perspective will highlight the areas my laboratory has addressed regarding the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in hopes of identifying new therapeutic targets.
Relationships between testosterone levels and cognition in patients with Alzheimer disease and nondemented elderly men.

Background/Aims:Previous research suggests that low levels of testosterone may be associated with the development of Alzheimer disease (AD), as well as poorer performance on certain neuropsychologi...
High Power On-Off Switching with Crossed Field Tubes

A crossed field tube is used as an on-off switch to produce square, 25 ?s wide current pulses at 40 kV and 3.2 kA. Operation is also demonstrated at 120 Hz at an initial 50 kV and 1.3 kA for a ten pulse train. Calculations indicate that continuous operation at over 150 kW of average power is possible with a suitably designed cooling system. A crossed field tube operated in this way has a higher current capability and lower dissipation than hard vacuum tetrodes and could replace such tubes in higher power, lower impedance modulators.
Milk Secretion at the Cellular Level: A Unique Approach to the Mechanism of Exocytosis

Abstract Drugs which interfere with the mechanism of exocytosis such as colchicine and vincristine, so-called microtubule antagonists, are providing a fruitful approach to the study of milk secretion at the cellular level. Intramammary infusions of a milligram or less of these substances into lactating goats produce dramatic drops in milk yields in 24 to 36 h. These depressions are reversed substantially by 48 h. In vitro experiments and tissue observations confirm that these drugs are blocking secretion at the level of the lactating cell and that secretion of all the major milk components (fat globules, casein micelles, lactose, and water) is restrained. Mammary infusion of the plant lectin concanavalin A, a protein which binds to cell surface receptors, produces similar changes in milk flow to those of the microtubule antagonists. This indicates that cell surface membrane components perturbed by concanavalin also must be involved in the secretory mechanism. One of the known receptors for concanavalin A in the apical (secretory) plasma membrane of the lactating cell is the enzyme 5′nucleotidase. The possibility must be considered that this enzyme (glycoprotein), inactivated by concanavalin A, is involved in milk secretion.
Proposal to reimburse occupational medicine disease and injury claims through third party health insurance

The current system of compensation for the medical costs of occupational illnesses and injuries, a component of health insurance coverage for most workers in the United States, has recently come under scrutiny in the national health care reform debate. The cost of treatment of these conditions is significant, and there exist numerous disincentives for physicians and patients to use the workers' compensation system. Physicians who treat workers with occupationally related diseases may find compensation for a condition is disputed at the same time that it is excluded from payment by third party insurance coverage, leaving the patient selectively uninsured for at least some medical care services. In addition, most workers' compensation programs have been designed in a way that discourages efficient resource use by providers and claimants. We propose allowing health care providers to bill third party health insurers for all care, including work-related diseases and injuries. Insurers, in turn, would bill workers' compensation programs for associated treatment costs. The potential advantages of such a system include reductions in inefficiency and unfair burdens placed on providers and patients, in reporting bias, and in administrative costs balanced against the risks of insurers excluding workers in high risk occupations from obtaining low cost health insurance and shifting away from employers the administrative burden for workers' compensation.
Imprecise data envelopment analysis (IDEA): A review and improvement with an application

Abstract The standard data envelopment analysis (DEA) method requires that the values for all inputs and outputs be known exactly. When some outputs and inputs are unknown decision variables such as bounded data, ordinal data, and ratio bounded data, the DEA model becomes a non-linear programming problem and is called imprecise DEA (IDEA). There are two different approaches in dealing with imprecise outputs and inputs. One uses scale transformations and variable alternations to convert the non-linear IDEA model into a linear program. The other converts imprecise data into exact data and then uses the standard linear DEA model. The current paper reviews and compares the two approaches through an efficiency analysis of a set of telephone offices. A simplified approach is developed to reduce the computational burden if one uses the first approach. The treatment of weight restrictions in IDEA is discussed. It is shown that weight restrictions on imprecise data are redundant. New developments and improvements to both approaches are provided.
Charles Darwin on man in the first edition of the Origin of species.

During many years I collected notes on the origin or descent of man, without any intentions of publishing on the subject, but rather with the determination not to publish as I thought that I should thus only add to the prejudices against my views. It seemed to me sufficient to indicate, in the first edition of my "Origin of Species," that by this work "light would be thrown on the origin of man and his history"; and this implies that man must be included with other organic beings in any general conclusion respecting his manner of appearance on this earth.3