cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Stress, Poverty, and Child Outcomes

It is well documented that children living in poverty experience disadvantages in virtually every area of health and mental health, development, academic achievement, and other areas, compared to their more well-off peers. Mechanisms behind these disadvantages certainly include the lack of resources of all kinds inherent in poverty, including access to health care, high-quality education, safe housing, nutritious food, and many other resources. Less well recognized is the contribution of prenatal stress to these gaps, as poor children’s disadvantages often start early in fetal life due to high stress experienced by their mothers. Animal research and emerging human research demonstrate that stress during pregnancy affects fetal brain development through the mother’s hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis, influencing the developing stress system and other parts of the brain of the fetus. Understanding these relationships among poverty, prenatal stress, and child outcomes is important for social workers, whose policy and service provider roles provide opportunities for amelioration at both micro- and macro-levels. This paper elucidates the consequences of prenatal stress, demonstrating that the physiological stress response operates prior to birth and directly influences infant and child biological, psychological, and social well-being. First, we briefly review the well-documented disadvantages experienced by poor children. Then, we describe the physiology of stress, clarifying the often-confusing definitions and elaborating to explain unique physiological aspects of stress during pregnancy. Finally, we discuss the important role social work may play in addressing this important problem.
Attribute Expression of Mass Transport Deposits In an Intraslope Basin- A Case Study.

Summary Mass transport deposits (MTDs) are common features that help us reconstruct the depositional environment in deepwater basins. Unlike turbidite sands that form in similar environments, MTDs only rarely form hydrocarbon reservoirs. Near the water bottom, recent MTDs can indicate the risk of future hazards to submarine pl atform legs, drill stems, pipelines, and communication cab les. MTDs commonly exhibit an overall chaotic seismic pattern; several other associated features help to differentiate MTDs from other kinds of deposits in deep water depositional environments. MTDs have similar characteristics in intraslope basins (also called s alt minibasins) but vary as a function of restricted tr ansport direction for sediment input, limited accommodation space, and syndepositional salt movement. By coupling principles of geomorphology with seismic attributes and a depositional model, we analyze the characteristics of an MTD within an offshore Gulf of Mexico study area to determine how it differs from other deepwater archi tectural
Characterization of greenbug resistance in barley

The greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] is an extremely damaging pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), particularly in the southern Great Plains of the USA. Winter barley targeted for production in this region should incorporate resistance to greenbug in the form of the resistance gene Rsg1a (in ‘Post 90′) or Rsg2b (in PI 426756). This study was conducted to fully characterize the resistance profile of these two genes against important greenbug biotypes, and to determine which of the two resistance genes is most effective in protecting barley from the greenbug. Eight barley and four wheat cultivars and germplasms were challenged with six greenbug biotypes and damage ratings were recorded for each combination. In five of the six tests, ‘Post 90’ was significantly more resistant than PI 426756 to greenbug feeding damage. Based on the results presented here, we conclude that the resistance gene, Rsg1a, in ‘Post 90’ is the better choice for use in breeding programmes and will provide better protection than Rsg2b against the greenbug.
VARIOUS TOPICS: INFLUENCE OF HYPOXIA ON DISTRIBUTION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT AND ORGAN BLOOD FLOW IN THE RABBIT

Ten spontaneously breathing male New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to a 50 min. period of hypoxia. The arterial pO2 averaged 45 mmHg. Cardiac output (C.O.) was measured with the dye dilution method, distribution of C.O. and organ blood flow was assessed with left ventricular injection of radio-actively labelled microspheres. The results were compared with 8 control animals. C.O., arterial blood pressure and total peripheral vase, resistance did not change significantly; distribution of C.O. however showed preferential flow to the heart and musculature. The renal flow was markedly reduced; all other organs maintained their blood flow. Cerebral blood flow did not increase because of hypocapnia from slight metabolic acidosis. The kidney seems to be the target organ from which blood is diverted to other apparently more vital vascular beds. The redistribution of C.O. bears some resemblance to that in low output states.
P5K-4 High-Overtone Self-Focusing Acoustic Transducer for High Frequency Ultrasonic Imaging

This paper reports the use of high-overtone self- focusing acoustic transducers for high frequency ultrasonic imaging application. For an acoustic transducers working for ultrasonic imaging, the resolution is primarily determined by the acoustic wavelength, which is normally proportional to the piezoelectric substrate thickness. Using a harmonic frequency of a bulk PZT with a novel Fresnel lens based on air-reflectors for a focused acoustic beam, we reduce the wavelength and obtain strong signals at the center frequencies of the 3rd (60 MHz) and 5th (100 MHz) harmonics for ultrasonic imaging. The bandwidth at -6 dB was over 20 %, even without a front matching layer.
Can H2 inside C60 communicate with the outside world

The quenching rate constants of singlet oxygen by C60, H2@C60, D2@C6o, H2, and D2 in solution were measured. The presence of a hydrogen (H2@C60) or deuterium (D2@C60) molecule inside the fullerene did not produce any observable effect based on triplet lifetime or EPR measurements. However, a remarkable effect was found for the 1O2 quenching by C60, H2@C60, D2@C6o, H2, and D2. Singlet oxygen was generated by photosensitization or by thermal decomposition of naphthalene endoperoxide derivatives. Comparison of the rate constants for quenching of 1O2 by H2@C60 and D2@C60 demonstrates a significant vibrational interaction between oxygen and H2 inside the fullerene. The quenching rate constant for H2 is 1 order of magnitude higher than that of D2, in agreement with the results observed for the quenching of 1O2 with H2@C60 or D2@C60.
An interactive program to build a computer library of literature references

On presente deux programmes, REFERSET et REFERENCE, qui constituent une extension d'un programme precedemment propose qui permet a l'utilisateur une recherche et un stockage faciles de references
The influence of indomethacin on vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin in the cat.

The effects of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin were investigated in the peripheral vascular bed of the anesthetized cat. Intra-arterial injections of bradykinin and nitroglycerin elicited dose-related decreases in mesenteric hindquarters vascular resistance. Mesenteric vasodilator responses to nitroglycerin in absolute units were unchanged 30 min after administration of indomethacin whereas responses to bradykinin expressed as an absolute mm Hg decrease in perfusion pressure were increased. Indomethacin was also without effect on vasodilator responses to lower doses of nitroglycerin whereas responses to higher doses of nitroglycerin and bradykinin in absolute units were enhanced in the hindquarters vascular bed. Indomethacin increased vascular resistance in the mesenteric and hindquarters vascular beds and decreased systemic vasodepressor responses to the prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic acid. When the increase in (initial value) vascular resistance was taken into account by expressing vasodilator responses on a percent decrease basis, indomethacin only enhanced the vasodilator response to the highest does of bradykinin studied. Results of the present study suggest that products in the cyclooxygenase pathway may serve to maintain the peripheral vascular bed of the cat in a dilated state but that these metabolites do not mediate vasodilator responses to bradykinin. The present data further suggest that products in the cyclooxygenase pathway may play a minor role in modulating the dilator effects of bradykinin in the mesenteric and hindquarters vascular beds of the cat.
The Classical Tradition in West European Farming: The Sixteenth Century

T HE invention of printing in the fifteenth century very quickly put the surviving Latin textbooks on farming more freely at the disposal of anyone who was interested and who was sufficiently literate to read them. Whether these printed editions were read as guides to farming or as representative of the ancient learning is a difficult question to answer; but these sources were certainly freely, and somewhat uncritically, used by the writers of the new Latin and vernacular handbooks that were produced in increasing numbers as the sixteenth century advanced.2 From classical times, Italy had been unable to supply itself with grain. The growth of the city states necessarily led to the growth of commerce and to seagoing trade with other Mediterranean countries, as well as with Asiatic lands, by way of long-established routes. Italian trade with Byzantium must always have included the transfer of manuscripts from the East to the West, and it is well known that there was some transmission of ancient learning (with Arabic additions and commentaries) from the Arabic world to the countries of western Europe. There was never any real interruption of classical studies in the centuries that passed before the so-called New Learning: but the real change was a change in the aims of the student of ancient texts. Medieval man, with learning confined very largely to ecclesiastical institutions, had his mind directed to considerations of advancement in a future life, rather than to understanding the world in which he lived and died. Being usually a farmer, he could not avoid some contact with and understanding of nature and its phenomena. That is what he had to deal with; yet much of his interpretation was fantastic and mythical. With the new angle of appreciation, the classics were studied for their attempts to understand and analyse their natural environment, both inanimate and animate, in what has come to be called scientific investigation. This was not altogether unknown in the Middle Ages, as is demonstrated by the work of the encyclopedists, the most eminent of whom was Albertus Magnus. It is possible, though perhaps unlikely, that the tentative interest in the external world exhibited by some of the great men of the Middle Ages would have become more intense without the stimulus of the fourteenthand fifteenth-century manu-
A review on nanostructured WC–Co coatings

Abstract Unique mechanical properties of nanostructured materials motivate a worldwide interest to synthesize nanostructured coatings. Nanostructured WC–Co coatings have been extensively investigated because of the importance of WC–Co coatings in industrial applications, usually with respect to wear resistance requirements. The present paper has reviewed the studies in this field, including synthesis of nanostructured WC–Co powder, concern on decomposition of nanostructured WC particles, influence of spraying parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of nanostructured coatings. Significant achievements in this field are: (1) It is possible to produce nanostructured WC–Co powders without non-WC/Co phases in quantities although a high percentage of non-WC/Co phases is frequently reported in conventional WC–Co powder; (2) By controlling agglomerate size of feedstock powder, fuel chemistry and fuel–oxygen ratio, the decomposition of WC particles can be reasonably eliminated so as to synthesize near nanostructured WC–Co coating with a low amount of non-WC/Co phases; and (3) Increased hardness, toughness and wear-resistance can be obtained in near nanostructured WC–Co coatings that are properly synthesized.
Photoselection studies of mono-diimine complexes: d-π* and π-π* emitters

Abstract The photoselection spectra of a series of Ru(II) dumme complexes have been investigated. Mono-diimine complexes emitting from a d-π triplet show P values close to the linear-absorber linear-emitter limit (0.5), while complexes identified as π-π emitters show mixing of their d-π and π-π singlets as P values fail to reach the “pure” π-π emitter limit of -0.33. Comparative data as well as the interchromophoric coupling (ICC) model (ref. 3) are used to rationalize the results.
Synthesis and Investigation of α-Hydroxy-N,N-didesmethyltamoxifen as a Proximate Carcinogen in the Metabolic Activation of Tamoxifen

Tamoxifen is an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer and a chemoprotective agent for breast cancer prevention. Despite being beneficial in regard to breast cancer, tamoxifen is known to increase the risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events in women; in addition, it induces liver tumors in rats and endometrial tumors in rats and mice. Tamoxifen and its metabolite, N-desmethyltamoxifen, are metabolically activated to DNA binding electrophiles through α-hydroxylation, followed by O-esterification, primarily via sulfation. In the present study, we have investigated whether a second desmethylated metabolite of tamoxifen, N,N-didesmethyltamoxifen, is also involved in the metabolic activation of this antiestrogen to a genotoxic species. α-Hydroxy-N,N-didesmethyltamoxifen was synthesized, further activated by sulfation, and then reacted with DNA. After enzymatic hydrolysis to deoxynucleosides, HPLC analysis indicated the formation of one major DNA adduct, which was charac...
Microradiography of Fossilized Teeth

Microradiographic studies of fossil reptilian and amphibian teeth reveal an excellently preserved microstructure with little if any apparent mineralization except in the region of obvious fractures. X-ray diffraction has shown that the invading mineral near fractures is hematite, and x-ray spectroscopy has shown that relatively large amounts of yttrium are present.
GUS expression in blueberry (Vaccinium spp.): factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer efficiency

Several factors were investigated for their influence on the transfer of an intron-containing β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene into blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) leaf explants during the early stages of Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer, including days of cocultivation, strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, explant age and genotype. The number of GUS-expressing leaf zones and calli were counted immediately and 2 weeks after cocultivation, respectively, to evaluate the gene transfer process. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 (pEHA105/p35SGUS-int) was significantly more effective for transformation than strain LBA4404 (pAL4404/p35SGUSint). Four days of cocultivation with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 yielded about 50-fold more GUS-expressing zones than 2 days of cocultivation. Significant differences among cultivars were observed for both GUS-expressing leaf zones and calli. For some cultivars, explant age influenced the number of GUS-expressing leaf zones and calli. In most cases, the number of GUS-expressing calli was highest in those cultivars where GUS expression in the leaves was high.
Cardiovascular functions of the unanesthetized small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus.

Abstract o 1. Twenty-four unanesthetized male Herpestes auropunctatus weighing 617 ± 19 (S.E.) g and ranging 390–825 g were studied. 2. Cardiac output of 24 male mongooses was 206 ± 10 ml/min or 334 ± 18 ml/min per kg which is higher than other mammals of similar size. 3. Heart rate and mean aortic blood pressure were 252 ± 10 beats/min and 114 ± 3·2 mm Hg, respectively. 4. The captive mongooses exhibited low arterial and mixed venous oxygen contents with normal hematocrit, indicating hypochromic anemia. 5. Resting oxygen consumption at 26 ± 1°C was 10·3 ± 0·3 ml/min or 16·9 ± 0·6 ml/min per kg.
Phase retrieval through nonlinear media

We extend the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to the phase retrieval through nonlinear media. We experimentally verify the technique by reconstructing a phase distribution from intensity measurements in two image planes with different positions.
Paracrine factors and the regulation of spermatogenesis

Main problem: Although the gonadotropins and testosterone are required for normal spermatogenesis, it is believed that local control factors regulate spermatogenesis. For many years these regulatory factors had not been identified. Over the past five years, a number of growth factors have been identified in testis or isolated testicular cell types or secretions. Growth factors are key regulatory molecules which affect cell proliferation, meiosis, and differentiated function. These factors usually act in an autocrine (acting upon the cell which secreted it) or paracine (affecting another cell) manner and thus are involved in intercellular communications. Methods: Growth factor secretion by testicular cell types or testis tissue has been analyzed using a variety of assays measuring cell proliferation in vitro, as well as assays using immunocytochemicals. Growth factor gene expression in testis has been analyzed by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization, which gives information concerning the stage and cell specific expression of the gene. Inbred strains of mice with mutations or deletions in a growth factor gene has been used to suggest the function of two specific factors in testicular development and growth. Results: Among the growth factors expressed or secreted by testicular cell types, most are common to some other cell types in the body, such as transforming growth factors alpha and beta, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factors, interleukins, endorphins, inhibin and activin, while others may be more testis specific such as mullerian inhibiting substance (anti-mullerian hormone) and Sertoli cell secreted growth factor. A variety of proto-oncogenes are expressed at discrete stages of spermatogenesis, as well as by the somatic cells of the testis. Many of these encode growth factors, receptors or other proteins involved in signal transduction. Conclusion: With the exception of the kit ligand and the c-kit proto-oncogene, which have been demonstrated to play a role in the survival of the primordial germ cell in the testis during embryogenesis, little is known of the direct role of the other growth factors in spermatogenesis. It is likely that in the near future that the function of many of these proteins in the regulation of spermatogenesis will be identified. Eventually, this information will be used to develop specific therapies and diagnostic procedures for the infertile male.
E. coli SSB Tetramer Binds the First and Second Molecules of (dT)35 with Heat Capacities of Opposite Sign

We have previously shown that formation of a 1:1 fully wrapped complex of Escherichia coli SSB tetramer with (dT)(70) displays a temperature-dependent sign reversal of the binding heat capacity (ΔC(P)). Here we examine SSB binding to shorter oligodeoxynucleotides ((dX)(35)) to probe whether this effect requires binding of one or two (dX)(35) molecules per SSB tetramer. We find that the ΔC(P) for the first molecule of (dX)(35) is always negative. However, a sign reversal of ΔC(P) from negative to positive occurs with increasing temperature for binding of the second (dX)(35). This striking behavior of ΔC(P) for the second (dX)(35) appears linked to conformational changes within the ssDNA-SSB complex that are required to form a fully wrapped (SSB)(65) binding mode. These results also underscore that binding heat capacities of macromolecular interactions have multiple origins that cannot be understood simply on the basis of examining static structures.
Aerospace electronics weight reduction through the use of active mass damping

This paper describes the application of active damping systems to the reduction of weight of aerospace electronics. Aerospace electronics are subject to extremely harsh vibratory environments throughout their service lives. Present methods of protecting and reinforcing circuit boards from vibration and their associated stresses and strains in such applications add significant weight to these electronic systems. The vibration protection they provide is crucial, however, as the nature of aerospace vehicles requires an extremely robust, durable design to prevent premature failure of any of the components of the electronics system. By directly mounting an active mass damping system onto each circuit board, it is possible to reduce significantly the weight and volume of the complete electronic circuit board system, while maintaining equal or superior vibration protection. This paper presents results of electronic circuit board active vibration reduction of damping sinusoidal excitations near resonance, free vibration damping, as well as future strategies for the active vibration control system.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Determination of reduction potential of an engineered CuA azurin by cyclic voltammetry and spectrochemical titrations

The reduction potentials of an engineered CuA azurin in its native and thermally denatured states have been determined using cyclic voltammetry and spectrochemical titrations. Using a 4,4′-dipyridyl disulfide modified gold electrode, the reduction potentials of native and thermally denatured CuA azurin are the same within the experimental error (422±5 and 425±5 mV vs. NHE, respectively, in 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.1, 300 mM NaCl, 25 °C), indicating that the potential is that of a nonnative state. In contrast, using a didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) film-pyrolytic graphite edge (PGE) electrode, the reduction potentials of native and thermally denatured CuA azurin have been determined to be 271±7 mV (50 mM ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.1, 4 °C) and 420±1 mV (50 mM ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.1, 25 °C), respectively. Spectroscopic redox titration using [Ru(NH3)5Py]2+ resulted in a reduction potential (254±4 mV) (50 mM ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.1, 4 °C) similar to the value obtained using the DDAB film-PGE electrochemical method. Complete reoxidation of [Ru(NH3)5Py]2+-reduced CuA azurin is also consistent with the conclusion that this spectrochemical titration method using [Ru(NH3)5Py]2+ measures the reduction potential of native CuA azurin.
Refining Multi-Scale Enhanced Sampling for Simulating Disordered Protein Conformations

In the recently developed multiscale enhanced sampling (MSES) technique, topology-based coarse-grained (CG) models are coupled to atomistic protein force field to enhance the sampling of atomistic conformational space (Zhang and Chen, J. Chem Theory Comput, 2014). Here, we further refine the MSES protocol by designing more sophisticated Hamiltonian/temperature replica exchange schemes to more carefully control how the conformations are coupled between the atomistic and CG models, with a specific focus on optimizing the protocol for simulating disordered protein conformations. Preliminary results show that the new MSES protocols are effective in achieving better convergence in simulation of so-called intrinsically disordered proteins.
Surface temperature lapse rates over complex terrain: Lessons from the Cascade Mountains

lapse rates of 3.9–5.2°C km −1 , substantially smaller than the often‐assumed 6.5°C km −1 . The data sets show similar seasonal and diurnal variability, with lapse rates smallest (2.5–3.5°C km −1 ) in late‐summer minimum temperatures, and largest (6.5–7.5°C km −1 ) in spring maximum temperatures. Geographic (windward versus lee side) differences in lapse rates are found to be substantial. Using a simple runoff model, we show the appreciable implications of these results for hydrological modeling.
Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India, 2006.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquitoborne alphavirus; is endemic in Africa and Asia. In 2005–2006, CHIKV epidemics were reported in islands in the Indian Ocean and in southern India. We present data on laboratory-confirmed CHIKV infections among travelers returning from India to the United States during 2006.
The effects of food arousal on the latency of biting inAplysia

Exposure ofAplysia to food stimuli initiates a process leading to a state of food arousal. One aspect of this process is expressed in a progressive reduction in latency of successive biting responses. The time needed for food stimulation to produce a state of arousal (measured by a minimal latency) is affected by the satiation level of the animal, and by the strength of the food stimulus presented. Specifically, the rise of the arousal state is slowed in partially satiated animals, and in animals presented with weak food stimuli. When aroused animals are allowed a period of rest without food stimulation a decay of arousal occurs, as reflected in a rise in latency.
Naturally occurring arsenic in sandstone aquifer water supply wells of northeastern Wisconsin

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 50 {micro}g/L for arsenic was exceeded in 86 of 2,125 water supply wells sampled over a broad geographic range in parts of Brown, Outagamie, and Winnebago Counties, Wisconsin. The hydrologic and geochemical properties of the area were examined and the source of arsenic was determined to be natural. Ground water collected from two geologic formations, the St. Peter Sandstone and the overlying Platteville/Galena Dolomite, was found to be the principal source of the elevated arsenic concentrations. These two formations supply a large portion of eastern Wisconsin private wells with their drinking water. Based on the data gathered from this study, an arsenic advisory area was designated for both Outagamie and Winnebago Counties. Guidelines were developed for well drillers and owners constructing new wells within the advisory area to reduce the likelihood of arsenic presence in the water supply. Fifteen wells containing arsenic exceeding the MCL were successfully reconstructed or new wells were constructed based on the guidelines developed. These constructions substantially reduced arsenic levels in the well water supplies.
A LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) DEVICE FOR PHOTOTHERAPY OF JAUNDICED NEWBORNS: IN VITRO EFFICACY. † 1095

A LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) DEVICE FOR PHOTOTHERAPY OF JAUNDICED NEWBORNS: IN VITRO EFFICACY. † 1095
Modeling and mechanistic interpretation of creep of rock salt below 200°C☆

Abstract Upper and lower bound estimates of the steady-state strain rates of rock salt from five locations are analyzed. The measurements were obtained in triaxial creep tests including systematic changes in stress and temperature. The various data sets are correlated in activation analyses and fitted by models, and combinations of models, for power-law creep, cross-slip, and dislocation glide to show that a cross-slip model yields the best, mechanistically most credible fit. Good fits for cross-slip and high power-law stress exponents rule out the possibility that pressure solution affected the data in a major way to the lowest recorded strain rates of order 10−10s−1.
Cardiac function following prosthetic aortic valve replacement.

Abstract 1. 1. Hemodynamic and clinical studies have been performed in 19 patients judged as having had excellent clinical results from aortic prosthetic valve replacement surgery. 2. 2. Following aortic valve replacement, essentially normal cardiac function was present in 74 per cent of the 19 patients. Cardiac function was more normal after aortic valve replacement than after mitral valve replacement. 3. 3. Three patients who had persisting moderate impairment of cardiac function had experienced myocardial infarction either before operation or immediately after surgery. 4. 4. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction appeared in the immediate postoperative period in 6 of the 19 patients. The data indicate that infarction resulted from surgery in the absence of pre-existing coronary disease in 5 patients. 5. 5. Reversal of electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy occurred in 42 per cent of patients. Regression of hypertrophy patterns was most commonly observed in patients with pure aortic stenosis, while little change occurred in the ECG's of patients with pure aortic insufficiency. Persistence of hypertrophy patterns was not associated with impaired cardiac function. 6. 6. Decrease in heart size in the roentgenogram occurred in 18 of 19 patients. The greatest decrease in size occurred in those with heart failure prior to surgery.
Measures of health sciences journal use: a comparison of vendor, link-resolver, and local citation statistics.

Objective: Libraries require efficient and reliable methods to assess journal use. Vendors provide complete counts of articles retrieved from their platforms. However, if a journal is available on multiple platforms, several sets of statistics must be merged. Link-resolver reports merge data from all platforms into one report but only record partial use because users can access library subscriptions from other paths. Citation data are limited to publication use. Vendor, link-resolver, and local citation data were examined to determine correlation. Because link-resolver statistics are easy to obtain, the study library especially wanted to know if they correlate highly with the other measures.
Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting attenuates morbidity and mortality for patients with low and high body mass index.

Background Patients at high and low body mass index have been shown to experience higher morbidity and mortality when undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The purpose of this research was to compare outcomes of patients at body mass index extremes who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods A retrospective review of 6801 patients with a body mass index 35 undergoing isolated, primary coronary artery bypass grafting from 1996 to 2009 at Emory Healthcare Hospitals was performed. Patients were compared by therapy either on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 3210) or off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 3591). Salvage patients or those with concomitant operations were excluded. Comparisons were made using multivariable regression analysis, using a propensity score covariate calculated from 41 preoperative risk factors. Results A total of 6801 patients, including 4312 with a body mass index 35 (off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, n = 1127; on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, n = 1362) were included for analysis. Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was significantly higher for both body mass index strata in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (2.8% vs 3.1% for body mass index P = .043] and 1.7% vs 1.8% for body mass index >35 [ P = .049]). For patients with a body mass index P > .05). Conclusions Patients with high and low body mass indices experience reduced morbidity and in-hospital mortality when undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Despite a higher risk profile, patients with a body mass index
Mutagenesis of the NS2B-NS3-Mediated Cleavage Site in the Flavivirus Capsid Protein Demonstrates a Requirement for Coordinated Processing

Analysis of flavivirus polyprotein processing has revealed the presence of a substrate for the virus-encoded NS2B-NS3 protease at the carboxy-terminal end of the C (capsid or core) protein. Cleavage at this site has been implicated in the efficient generation of the amino terminus of prM via signal peptidase cleavage. Yellow fever virus has four basic residues (Arg-Lys-Arg-Arg) in the P1 through P4 positions of this cleavage site. Multiple alanine substitutions were made for these residues in order to investigate the substrate specificity and biological significance of this cleavage. Mutants were analyzed by several methods: (i) a cell-free trans processing assay for direct analysis of NS2B-NS3-mediated cleavage; (ii) a trans processing assay in BHK-21 cells, using a C-prM polyprotein, for analysis of prM production; (iii) an infectivity assay of full-length transcripts to determine plaque-forming ability; and (iv) analysis of proteins expressed from full-length transcripts to assess processing in the context of the complete genome. Mutants that exhibited severe defects in processing in vitro and in vivo were incapable of forming plaques. Mutants that contained two adjacent basic residues within the P1 through P4 region were processed more efficiently in vitro and in vivo, and transcripts bearing these mutations were fully infectious. Furthermore, two naturally occurring plaque-forming revertants were analyzed and shown to have restored protein processing phenotypes in vivo. Finally, the efficient production of prM was shown to be dependent on the proteolytic activity of NS3. These data support a model of two coordinated cleavages, one that generates the carboxy terminus of C and another that generates the amino terminus of prM. A block in the viral protease-mediated cleavage inhibits the production of prM by the signal peptidase, inhibits particle release, and eliminates plaque formation.
Adaptive wavelet ADI method: application and parallelization

Adaptive wavelet ADI method is a new numerical method which supports non-uniform adaptive meshes and is mathematically efficient. In this study, we investigate the potential of the adaptive wavelet ADI method in a parallel computing environment. The investigation focuses on parallel wavelet simulation of combustion flow problems. First, the sequential wavelet method for combustion applications is introduced. Then, parallel algorithms are introduced. Based on algorithmic analysis and preliminary experimental testing, we have shown that the adaptive wavelet ADI method is highly parallel and scalable. It is a method which is fundamentally more appropriate for highly parallel computing than existing methods.
Exploiting multisensor spectral data to improve crop residue cover estimates for management of agricultural water quality

Crop residue is an important factor in determining soil structure relative to soil organic matter content, water infiltration, evaporation, and soil temperature [1]. There is also a direct impact related to production of biofuels. The use of the NDTI (Normalized Difference Tillage Index [2]) from multispectral data and the CAI (Cellulose Absorption Index [3]) from hyperspectral data are investigated as a means of calibrating indices derived from the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on the EO-1 satellite and Landsat TM, with the goal of improving residue cover estimates over extended areas.
A Relational Frame Theory Contribution to Social Categorization

The purpose of this study was to investigate the transformation of stimulus functions from socially relevant to arbitrary stimuli as a model of social stigmatization and categorization. Specifically, participants were trained to respond to arbitrary stimuli as if they were obese or thin stimuli via a matching-to-sample preparation. The impact of this relational conditioning was tested using the Implicit Association Test. The results showed that when participants met the fluency-based training criterion, the bias functions of obese/thin stimuli successfully transformed formally similar variants of the arbitrary stimuli. These results suggest it is possible to affect a transformation of bias functions to wholly arbitrary stimuli using a very brief conditioning history. A clearer conceptualization of the development of stigmatizing categories, particularly as it applies to obesity, might yield important insights into the social contexts that cultivate and maintain stigmatizing attitudes.
Experiment on Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits in a Model 3D Subsiding Minibasin

Abstract Minibasins on the continental slope are formed by the movement of salt or mud layers in the subsurface. The north slope of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), for example, is riddled with salt-withdrawal minibasins ranging in scale from a few kilometers to tens of kilometers. These minibasins are often connected to each other by channels, which have been carved through the compensational ridges between basins by turbidity currents. The same turbidity currents tend to fill the minibasins with their deposits (turbidites). The process of deposition in a minibasin is not directly observable in the field. It can, however, be modeled at laboratory scale. This paper reports on the results of the first laboratory experiment on deposition from turbidity currents in a 3D minibasin undergoing subsidence. The basement of the experimental basin underwent bowl-like subsidence for the first half of the experiment: subsidence was turned off for the second half. Thirty-two individual turbidity-current events were introduced into the basin, including pulse-like and continuous flows. The first continuous flow created a short leveed channel in the proximal part of the basin; the channel was obliterated by subsequent flows. Dip and strike views of the deposit bear remarkable resemblances to corresponding views from a high-resolution seismic survey of a GOM minibasin (Basin 4, Brazos Trinity Intra-Slope System, GOM continental slope). Scaleup of the flows and geometry to field scale using the principles of Froude similarity suggest that the experiment provides a reasonable representation of the processes that could be expected in nature. The experimental turbidity currents appear, however, to have been more strongly depositional in the proximal region than deposits found in the field.
Comparing aging precision of calcified structures in shovelnose sturgeon

Summary Age estimates for population analysis must be precise. We assessed the usefulness of pectoral fin rays, sphenoids, opercula, and dorsal scutes of shovelnose sturgeonScaphirhynchus platorynchus (n = 30) as aging structures based on ease of collection, distinctness of annuli, and measures of precision both between and within readers. We also determined how age estimates from paired fin rays of individuals were related (n = 106). Pectoral fin rays generated the highest within-reader precision (100% within 2 years) followed by sphenoids (58%), opercula (56%), and dorsal scutes (49%). Ages estimated by the pectoral fin ray also had higher between-reader agreement (80% within 1 year) than did those from the operculum (60%), sphenoid (59%), or dorsal scute (56%). Likewise, age estimates from pectoral fin rays had the lowest mean coefficient of variation (8.2%) followed by sphenoids (9.9%), opercula (11.3%), and dorsal scutes (11.5%). Only the operculum produced biased estimates between readers. Ages from paired fin rays agreed poorly (36% exact, 30% within 1 year) although no aging bias occurred. The pectoral fin ray is typically used to age shovelnose sturgeon. Because uncertainty about accuracy and precision of age estimates from this structure remains, shovelnose sturgeon management objectives that result from age data should remain conservative.
A problem on rectangular floorplans

Graph theory has been used in floorplanning for VLSI design. In particular, the problem of dissection of a rectangle into smaller rectangles with specified adjacencies has been well studied. In this problem, one has no control over the shapes (or aspect ratios) of any of the rectangles. The author studies the problem of packing rectangles with given areas and prescribed ranges for their aspect ratios into a rectangle of the least area. The problem is shown to be NP-complete. Some interesting special cases are shown to be solvable in polynomial time. Approximation algorithms are discussed for the general use. >
The Role of Conformation in the Structure of Antigenic Sites

The role of conformation in the structure of antigenic sites can be explored with synthetic polypeptides and their crosslinked derivatives. By comparing antigenic specificity before and after crosslinking, the effects of stabilization by ordered spatial structure in the construction of antigenic sites can be studied. Three approaches were utilized for the investigation of this new class of antigenic determinants; the study of cross-reactions of L- and D- enantiomorphic polypeptides and their cross-linked derivatives; inhibition of the precipitin reaction by model compounds and small molecular weight polypeptide fragments; and comparison with substituted polypeptides containing groups resembling the structure of the crosslinked sites.
The Histone 3′-Terminal Stem-Loop is Necessary for Translation in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

The metazoan cell cycle-regulated histone mRNAs are the only known cellular mRNAs that do not terminate in a poly(A) tall. Instead, mammalian histone mRNAs terminate in a highly conserved stem-loop structure which is required for 3'-end processing and regulates mRNA stability. The poly(A) tail not only regulates translational efficiency and mRNA stability but is required for the function of the cap in translation (m(7)GpppN). We show that the histone terminal stem-loop is functionally similar to a poly(A) tail in that it enhances translational efficiency and is co-dependent on a cap in order to establish an efficient level of translation. The histone stem-loop is sufficient and necessary to increase the translation of reporter mRNA in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells but must be positioned at the 3'-terminus in order to function optimally. Mutations within the conserved stem or loop regions reduced its ability to facilitate translation. All histone mRNAs in higher plants are polyadenylated. The histone stem-loop did not function to influence translational efficiency or mRNA stability in plant protoplasts. These data demonstrate that the histone stem/loop directs efficient translation and that it is functionally analogous to a poly(A) tail.
The Lexical Semantics of Parenthical-as and Appositive-which

Despite their superficial similarities, nonrestrictive relatives and as-parentheticals show contrasting behavior in a range of apparently disparate domains, including (i) equative constructions (section 4); (ii) selective island contexts (section 5); and (iii) clause-internal “niching” (section 7). Additionally, as-parentheticals allow a wider range of interpretations relative to their antecedents than do appositive relatives (section 6). This paper offers a unified account of these differences and others based largely on the respective semantic types of the gaps these clauses define: as-clause traces are propositional; nonrestrictive relative traces are individual denoting (i.e., nominalized propositions). The type distinction follows from the lexical denotations of these morphemes (section 2) and combines with independently motivated principles to predict the clauses’ divergent behavior. The analysis also unifies the various kinds of appositive-relatives and similarly informs our understanding of predicate-type as-clauses (e.g., Sue hates parties, as does Ali); see section 8.
Cardiocirculatory actions of trimazosin and sodium nitroprusside in ischemic heart disease

Although postload-reducing drugs are effective vasodilators in chronic congestive heart failure, the clinical application of the approach to ambulatory patient management remains difficult. We compared the hemodynamic effects of the new oral systemic vasodilator trimazosin (TZ) with those of nitroprusside (NP). Both TZ (172 mg) and NP (46 µg/min) decreased mean blood pressure modestly (P < 0.001), while causing considerable decline in elevated left ventricular filling pressure (TZ from 30 to 24 mm Hg; NP from 31 to 20 mm Hg; both P < 0.001). TZ also raised the low cardiac index (Cl) of 2.02 to 2.59 l/min/M2 (P < 0.001), whereas NP elevated Cl from 2.16 to 2.96 l/min/M2 (P < 0.001). Both drugs lowered (P < 0.05) total systemic vascular resistance and pressure time /minute while enhancing (P < 0.01) stroke work index. The drugs diminished forearm venous tone (P < 0.02) and forearm vascular resistance (P < 0.01) concomitantly with elevation of forearm blood flow (P < 0.05). Thus, TZ induced qualitatively similar marked augmentation of cardiac function to that by NP. These encouraging hemodynamic findings indicate that TZ may be beneficial to patients undergoing ambulatory vasodilator therapy of severe chronic congestive heart failure. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1982) 31, 290–296; doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.35
The Extent of Lead Fragmentation Observed in Deer Culled by Sharpshooting

ABSTRACT Sharpshooting is a proven management technique to lower white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities in areas where hunting is precluded. A donation program that allows for the consumptive use of these culled deer is often necessary to gain public approval for such a program. We culled 40 deer in Indiana using sharpshooting methods (head and neck shot placement) and radiographed the carcasses to determine if lead fragmentation spread throughout the skeletal muscle system. In 30 deer where shot placement was between the cranium and fourth cervical vertebrae, we observed no lead fragments in any thoracic or crural muscle tissue. Of 10 deer where shot placement was between the fifth and seventh cervical vertebrae, 8 deer experienced lead fragments in the extensor spinae muscle. Deer culled with highly frangible bullets via sharpshooting in the cranium or upper cervical spine have minimal risk of experiencing lead fragmentation in the thoracic or crural muscle systems. Deer shot in the lower ...
Umbilical swelling and drainage in a newborn

The mother of a 17-day-old boy with Down syndrome calls the physician over the weekend worried about increasing swelling, redness, warmth, and yellowish-brown drainage from the umbilicus over the last 8 hours.
It's five o'clock somewhere: An examination of the association between happy hour drinking and negative consequences.

Background This study aims to understand which young adults’ drinking behaviors change in the presence of happy hour specials, the ways in which they change, and whether a link exists between happy hour drinking behavior and negative outcomes.
Regeneration of the retinotectal projection following compression onto a half tectum in goldfish

This study tested whether regeneration of the optic nerve following half-tectal compression in goldfish leads to the immediate reestablishment of the compressed projection orto an initial half map followed by the gradual compression. Half of the tectum was removed and the optic nerve crushed in large 12–18 cm goldfish which were kept at 20 °C and later mapped either in air or in water. At 35 to 41 days, the maps showed the presence of the nasal field projection and only the first 27 degrees of the temporal field. Most of the temporal field was represented after 200 days or more. After 253 to 343 days when the compression was largely complete, the optic nerve was recrushed. The projections mapped 35 to 41 days later were always compressed with up to 99 % of the temporal field represented, as were projections regenerated at 28 °C and mapped at 23–25 days. Regeneration after compression restores the compressed projection, consistent with the concept of altered tectal markers.