cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of energy in production functions for southern European economies

Abstract Using 32-yr data for five southern European economies, we investigate the role of energy in their production function. Based on input-output and other econometric tests, we conclude that by incorporating energy in the production function as a factor-input, specification errors are avoided. We find energy and capital to be substitutes with each other. The use of flexible translog specification allows the derivation of elasticity estimates in a two-output, three-input framework and fits the data well.
Two-dimensional effects in laser-created plasmas measured with soft-x-ray laser interferometry.

Soft-x-ray laser interferograms of laser-created plasmas generated at moderate irradiation intensities $(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}\char21{}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$ with $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1.06\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ light pulses of \ensuremath{\sim}13-ns-FWHM (full width at half maximum) duration and narrow focus (\ensuremath{\sim}30 \ensuremath{\mu}m) reveal the unexpected formation of an inverted density profile with a density minimum on axis and distinct plasma sidelobes. Model simulations show that this strong two-dimensional hydrodynamic behavior is essentially a universal phenomena that is the result of plasma radiation induced mass ablation and cooling in the areas surrounding the focal spot.
No pane, no gain: efficient evaluation of sliding-window aggregates over data streams

Windows queries are proving essential to data-stream processing. In this paper, we present an approach for evaluating sliding-window aggregate queries that reduces both space and computation time for query execution. Our approach divides overlapping windows into disjoint panes, computes sub-aggregates over each pane, and "rolls up" the pane-aggregates to computer window-aggregates. Our experimental study shows that using panes has significant performance benefits.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Frequent Complications with Fibrinogen Levels Less than 100 mg/dl

In order to establish the frequency and clinical complications of DIC during remission induction of untreated adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 125 consecutive patients treated with vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone but without L-asparaginase. DIC, defined as hypofibrinogenemia in the presence of elevated fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products, was detected at presentation in 10% of 99 and during remission induction in 67% of 58 patients who were screened for DIC. Elevated levels of D-dimers (DD) were seen in all eight patients with DIC in whom they were measured. All cases of DIC were diagnosed by the ninth day of induction and were associated with infection in 15 of 39 patients. DIC did not cause any deaths but was temporally associated with two thromboses and four hemorrhages in six of the 16 patients with fibrinogen levels 100 mg/dl (P 20 x 10(9)/l. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and/or cryoprecipitate were administered 26 patients resulting in a contemporaneous correction of the coagulopathy and in control of hemorrhages and thromboses. We conclude that DIC is rare at presentation but common during induction of adult ALL and is frequently associated with clinical complications when fibrinogen levels are 20 x 10(9)/l, and when fibrinogen levels fall below 100 mg/dl transfusions of FFP and/or cryoprecipitate. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal management of the DIC during remission induction of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Putting normativity in its proper place

Knobe considers two explanations for the influence of moral considerations on "non-moral" cognitive systems: the "person as moralist" position, and the "person as [biased] scientist" position. We suggest that this dichotomy conflates questions at computational and algorithmic levels, and suggest that distinguishing the issues at these levels reveals a third, viable option, which we call the "rational scientist" position.
Spin relaxation in [110] and [001] InAs/GaSb superlattices

A 25 times enhancement of the electron spin lifetime is observed in a [110] InAs/GaSb superlattice relative to the corresponding [001] superlattice, an effect that is primarily attributed to suppression of native interface asymmetry.
Cities and Regions Competing in the Global Economy: Knowledge and Local Development Policies

Competitive places have developed diverse, multidimensional ways to attract mobile workers as well as mobile investment. Creative workers are the core of the knowledge economy and account for the varieties in its geography. Benchmarks, including knowledge metrics, innovation indices, and report cards, are increasingly common and increasingly critical to the monitoring of key features of economies and societies whose factors of production and of success are highly mobile. Consequently policies have become more sophisticated, but policy makers need to grasp the nature of place competition and the critical roles of knowledge in the strategies of the most competitive places.
Nonparametric estimation of marginal failure distributions from dually censored automotive data

It is not uncommon that a component's reliability characteristics depend on two usage variables. As an example, for automotive components such variables are time in service and accumulated mileage. For certain airplane chassis components, these variables are accumulated flight hours and the number of landings. The problem of failure time distribution estimation from dually censored (at warranty limits) automotive data has been addressed by many authors. However, most of published work is focused on estimating marginal in time failure distributions or (less frequently) joint failure distributions. This paper focuses on nonparametric estimation of the marginal in mileage failure distributions, since for the majority of the automotive components mileage is considered a more relevant survival variable than time in service.
On channel estimation in fast fading mobile coded MIMO OFDM

Channel estimation of coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in fast time-varying channels are considered. Maintaining high performance with manageable complexity relies on iterative soft-in soft-out equalization and decoding. Conventional frequency domain channel estimation methods have an irreducible error floor due to unaccounted intercarrier interference (ICI). This paper proposes an efficient and high performance time domain pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) system for channel estimation. Simulation results are reported for the iterative receiver with application to the mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX).
Source Localization from Moving Arrays of Sensors

We consider the problem of using multiple mobile sensors as sensor arrays for the purpose of emitter location. Mobility suggests that intersensor positions and times are imprecisely known. We characterize the variance in the location estimation as a function of these uncertainties. Mobility also allows the array to reconfigure itself to improve localizations. We examine the use of a cost function and a look-ahead control algorithm that accounts for both mobility and location variance to maneuver sensor clusters into optimal position for source localization, while using partially distributed computations
Evaluation of automated speed enforcement on Loop 101 freeway in Scottsdale, Arizona

Speed cameras can reduce speeding and injury crashes, but in many communities they are confined to low-speed settings such as residential streets and school zones. In 2006 the city of Scottsdale, Arizona, implemented a 9-month pilot program to evaluate the feasibility and effects of highly visible speed camera enforcement on a busy urban freeway. This was the first use of fixed speed cameras on a major US highway. Deployment of six cameras along an 8-mile corridor was associated with large declines in mean speeds and an 88% decrease in the odds of vehicles traveling 11 mph or more above the 65 mph limit. Traffic speeds increased soon after the pilot program was suspended. In addition to reducing speeding along the enforcement corridor, speed cameras were associated with large reductions in speeding on the same highway but 25 miles away from the camera installations. However, traffic speeds were fairly stable on urban freeways in Scottsdale that were not part of the study road. Public opinion surveys found widespread concerns about speeding on the Loop 101 freeway and high levels of support for speed camera enforcement on this road.
Serum inhibin A concentration in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and the correlation to ethnicity, androgens and insulin resistance

A prospective case-series in an academic hospital clinic was performed to determine whether there is a relationship between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and ethnicity. Also, serum inhibin A concentrations were compared between PCOS and normal-ovulatory women. The possibility of a correlation between inhibin A, androgens and insulin resistance in PCOS women was evaluated. Serum inhibin A concentrations were measured in anovulatory PCOS patients (n=32) and in control women of reproductive age (n=16). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Serum concentrations of inhibin A, follicle-stimulating hormone, LH, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, fasting glucose, insulin, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were measured. Inhibin A concentrations were significantly lower (4.5+/-4.8 pg/ml) when compared with the control group (13.2+/-14.4 pg/ml; P=0.003) and were not significantly different between Hispanic and Caucasian women diagnosed with PCOS. There was no correlation between inhibin A concentrations and insulin, testosterone, free testosterone, 17-OHP, or DHEAS concentrations. In PCOS women, inhibin A concentrations are similar between Hispanic and Caucasian women; however, women with PCOS, regardless of ethnicity, have a lower inhibin A concentration compared with normal-ovulatory women. No correlation was observed between inhibin A androgens and insulin resistance in women diagnosed with PCOS.
Coordinate Logic Transforms and their Use in the Detection of Edges within Binary and Grayscale Images

This paper introduces coordinate logic (CL) transforms as an alternative method for calculating coordinate logic (CL) filters. Additionally, a new measure and detection technique are introduced, enhancing the capabilities of the basic CL transform for the application of detecting edges within 2D signals (images). Applicable to binary and grayscale images, computer simulations demonstrate the success of this improved procedure on two classes of signals: synthetic (edge maps are know) and natural (edge maps are unknown). Results are evaluated quantitatively (via Pratt's figure of merit) and compared visually to two common edge detection techniques.
The acculturation and commercialisation of thematic holidays in the globalisation era

Days of observances and secular celebrations include festivals, remembrances of cultural ties, the honouring of nations and ethnicities and communal festivities representing attachments to people, places and things. These calendar 'holidays' have a commonality – they are based on a theme. Thus, an adept signifier encompassing the previously mentioned would be 'thematic holidays'. The introduction of a thematic holiday has generally begun through the migration of individuals, but the adoptions by the general public have resulted in the acceptance and purchases of consumable products associated and represented by the thematic celebrations. Corporations have been able to take advantage of these celebrations through sponsorship and commodification of the celebrations. This paper looks at the adoption of new and resurrected thematic holidays to understand why these celebrations are continuing to be added to our calendars.
VLSI design of modulo adders/subtractors

Elegant implementation of modulo adders are presented. A design suitable for small moduli is given first, and then, by using the divide and conquer approach, a design for large moduli is derived. The designs are such that modulo subtraction can also be performed on the same hardware. The designs are suitable for high-speed digital parallel processing. The propagation delay of a modulo-64 adder realized using this design is 12 ns. >
“Gut Reactions” and the Political Effects of the Media

The Board in concert believed that if Bork was subjected to the Kurland/Tribe and Howard criteria, his qualifications would fall short of the mark. Differences among Board members emerged though over whether Common Cause should defer that decision to the Senate, as it did in the Rehnquist nomination, or whether the organization should directly say that Bork was unfit, according to its judgment of the evidence. The latter position prevailed. Thus the resolution of opposition adopted by the Board went beyond the "process scrutiny plus" approach to incorporate a "substance scrutiny" approach as well.
Set-Based Design and the Ship to Shore Connector

The Ship to Shore Connector (SSC), a replacement for the Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC), is the first government-led design of a ship in over 15 years. This paper will discuss the changes that a government-led design presents to the design approach, including schedule, organization structure, and design methodology. While presenting challenges, a government-led design also afforded the opportunity to implement a new technique for assessing various systems and ship alternatives, setbased design (SBD). The necessity for implementing SBD was the desire to design SSC from a blank sheet of paper and the need for a replacement craft in a short time frame. That is, the LCACs need to be replaced and consequently the preliminary design phase of the SSC program will only be 12 months. This paper will describe SBD and how it was applied to the SSC, the challenges that the program faced, and an assessment of the new methodology, along with recommendations that future design programs should consider when adopting this approach.
Large-scale reorganization at multiple levels of the somatosensory pathway follows therapeutic amputation of the hand in monkeys

Reorganization of somatosensory cortex after peripheral nerve damage typically has been attributed to cortical plasticity. Here we provide evidence that much of the large-scale cortical reorganization that occurs after a major loss of peripheral inputs reflects the sprouting or expansion of afferents from the remaining forelimb into deprived territories of the spinal cord and brainstem. We examined sensory afferent terminations in the spinal cord and brainstem, and determined the somatotopic organization of cortical area 3b in three adult monkeys with previous hand or forearm amputation, as veterinary treatment of forelimb injuries. In each monkey, the distribution of labeled sensory afferent terminations from the remaining parts of the fore-limb was much more extensive than the normal distribution of inputs from the forelimb, and extended into portions of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the cuneate nucleus of the brainstem related to the amputated hand. In the same animals, tactile stimulation of the forelimb activated much of the deprived hand representation in area 3b of cortex; the lateral portion of the deprived region in area 3B appeared to be reactivated by inputs from the face. These data provide important new evidence that one of the mechanisms subserving large scale reorganization in cortex is a relay of topographic changes that occur subcortically. Presumably, the expanded primary sensory inputs activate postsynaptic neurons that are normally driven by inputs from the hand so that the neurons now have receptive fields on the forearm. Since the topographic representation of the body is greatly magnified in the relay to cortex, the subcortical changes can result in dramatic cortical map changes.
Bruising of Poultry–A Review

(1966). Bruising of Poultry–A Review. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 316-322.
Sensor node compromise detection: the location perspective

Node compromise is a serious security threat that hinders the successful deployment of large-scale wireless sensor networks. A node compromise often consists of three stages: physically obtaining and compromising the sensors, redeploying the compromised sensors, and compromised nodes launching attacks after their rejoining the network. By far, all the proposed compromise detection schemes address this problem at the third stage. In this paper, we make the first attempt to detect node compromise at the second stage. Our motivation is that for some applications an attacker may not be able to precisely deploy the compromised sensors back into their original positions. Thus, the detection of location change will become an indication of a potential node compromise. We name this node redeployment detection problem. We propose two approaches to detect node redeployment, based on the change of node neighborship and the change of measured distances between nodes, respectively. Our simulation study shows that both schemes can detect node redeployment effectively (with low false positive rate and high detection rate).
Orientation and defensive reactions as alternatives to arousal in theories of nonverbal reactions to changes in immediacy

It has long been assumed that reactions to changes in nonverbal expressions of immediacy were inextricably linked to arousal. This manuscript examines that link within five theories: equilibrium (Argyle & Dean, 1965), arousal‐labeling (Patterson, 1976), nonverbal expectancy violations (Burgoon, 1978), discrepancy‐arousal (Cappella & Greene, 1982), and arousal‐valence (Andersen, 1984). Arousal is conceptually vague and operationally difficult. Theorists should (1) reconceptualize arousal as orientation and defensive reactions and (2) operationalize these reactions through physiological measures or nonverbal behaviors.
Production, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Well-Defined IgG1 Fc Glycoforms as a Model System for Biosimilarity Analysis.

Abstract Four different well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms are proposed as a model system to examine important biological and physicochemical features for protein drug biosimilar analyses. The IgG1 Fc glycoforms were produced by yeast expression combined with in vitro enzymatic synthesis as a series of sequentially truncated high-mannose IgG1 Fc glycoforms with an anticipated range of biological activity and structural stability. Initial characterization with mass spectrometry, SDS–PAGE, size exclusion HPLC, and capillary isoelectric focusing confirmed that the glycoproteins are overall highly similar with the only major difference being glycosylation state. Binding to the activating Fc receptor, FcγRIIIa was used to evaluate the potential biological activity of the IgG1 Fc glycoproteins. Two complementary methods using biolayer interferometry, 1 with protein G–immobilized IgG1 Fc and the other with streptavidin-immobilized FcγRIIIa, were developed to assess FcγRIIIa affinity in kinetic binding studies. The high-mannose IgG1 Fc and Man5-IgG1 Fc glycoforms were highly similar to one another with high affinity for FcγRIIIa, whereas GlcNAc-Fc had weak affinity, and the nonglycosylated N297Q-Fc had no measurable affinity for FcγRIIIa. These 4 IgG1 Fc glycoforms were also evaluated in terms of physical and chemical stability profiles and then used as a model system to mathematically assess overall biosimilarity, as described in a series of companion articles.
Employee Stock Options and Equity Valuation

Employee stock options have become a large component of compensation for many companies, especially those in which human capital forms a large portion of company assets. In this monograph, I address how to value the equity of companies that grant employee options. I discuss prior research on employee stock options, focusing on the implications for a discounted cash flow model that begins with free cash flow, and introduces costs associated with current and future options as well as the incentive benefits of granting options.
Valence and Core-Excitations of Adsorbates: Spectroscopy and Relaxation Dynamics

We present a brief discussion of the spectroscopy and relaxation dynamics of adsorbates on metal surfaces. First we consider the excitations of physisorbed species. We discuss non-radiative decay mechanisms involving energy or electron transfer to the substrate and compare the predictions of the simple models with experiment. We then discuss the valence and core-excitations of chemisorbed species using CO as a prototype. We propose a new assignment for its excitations and discuss the bonding of the excited molecule to the surface. We close by briefly considering photochemistry at surfaces.
In the Absence of Leave: The Financial Coping Strategies of Disadvantaged New Mothers in the Great Recession

Maternity leave is rare in the United States, while paid maternity leave is even more rare. Given this, the days and weeks following a birth often present a financial challenge for new mothers. In this analysis, I examine the social program use and labor force attachment of new mothers during the Great Recession. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation's 2004 and 2008 panels, I examine differences in women's return to work following a birth, as well as rates (and durations) of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) uptake following a birth, comparing the period of the Great Recession and the years that preceded it. Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic predictors, I find reduced postpartum employment and heightened reliance on TANF during the Great Recession when compared to the years preceding the recession, suggesting that the financial coping strategies of new mothers shifted during the recession.
A Comparison of Stainable Iron in Thick Bone Marrow Aspirate Smears and Decalcified Biopsy Specimens

Various investigators have recommended the use of thick bone marrow aspirate smears for the evaluation of marrow iron stores, while others have recommended trephine biopsy specimens. Specific details regarding decalcifying agents used on the biopsies are often omitted. We undertook a simultaneous comparison of Prussian blue stainable iron stores in formalinfixed aspirate smears with decalcified B5 fixed biopsy specimens. One hundred cases were then evaluated and graded with the use of a five-grade system previously described. In 79% of cases there was a difference between the grade on smear and the grade on biopsy. No biopsy grade was higher than the smear grade and only 21% had equal grades. In 38%, the biopsy specimen had no iron, while the corresponding smear revealed iron to be present. We believe that the evaluation of iron stores on decalcified biopsy specimens should be done with caution as they tend to underestimate the amount of iron stores.
Evolution of the Topological Concept of “Connected”

(1978). Evolution of the Topological Concept of “Connected”. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 85, No. 9, pp. 720-726.
MRI of cerebral blood flow under hyperbaric conditions in rats.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has a number of clinical applications. However, the effects of acute HBO on basal cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurovascular coupling are not well understood. This study explored the use of arterial spin labeling MRI to evaluate changes in baseline and forepaw stimulus-evoked CBF responses in rats (n = 8) during normobaric air (NB), normobaric oxygen (NBO) (100% O2 ), 3 atm absolute (ATA) hyperbaric air (HB) and 3 ATA HBO conditions. T1 was also measured, and the effects of changes in T1 caused by increasing oxygen on the CBF calculation were investigated. The major findings were as follows: (i) increased inhaled oxygen concentrations led to a reduced respiration rate; (ii) increased dissolved paramagnetic oxygen had significant effects on blood and tissue T1 , which affected the CBF calculation using the arterial spin labeling method; (iii) the differences in blood T1 had a larger effect than the differences in tissue T1 on CBF calculation; (iv) if oxygen-induced changes in blood and tissue T1 were not taken into account, CBF was underestimated by 33% at 3 ATA HBO, 10% at NBO and 0.05) and all were higher than CBF under NB by ~40% (p < 0.05), indicating that hypercapnia from the reduced respiration rate masks oxygen-induced vasoconstriction, although blood gas was not measured; and (vi) substantial stimulus-evoked CBF increases were detected under HBO, similar to NB, supporting the notion that activation-induced CBF regulation in the brain does not operate through an oxygen-sensing mechanism. CBF MRI provides valuable insights into the effects of oxygen on basal CBF and neurovascular coupling under hyperbaric conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interface and Junction Properties

This chapter discusses the effect of structure on junction properties and interfaces. Ideal Schottky junctions are not found in metal–semiconductor systems because the charge transfer between these components is a function not only of the electro-negativity difference but also of the semiconductor's electronic susceptibility. Further, the Schottky barrier height (SBH) is sensitive to a host of interface parameters, including structure. The property of ohmic junctions that may be sensitive to structure is the contact resistance. The contact resistance of ohmic junctions is affected by doping the zone of the Schottky junction. Defects, intermediate phases, and anion segregation increase the contact resistance of ohmic junctions. Interface structure and roughness directly affect the interface state density and the properties of semiconductor–insulator interfaces, and compound semiconductor–insulator interfaces. The surface structure affects the negative electron affinity, gas sensing, catalysis, and corrosion. Diamond films have a negative electron affinity when their surfaces are passivated by hydrogen. The use of such films as thin layers over point field emitters offers a possibility for their use in flat panel displays.
Network structure and adaptive capacity in watershed governance

What supports the adaptive capacity of watershed governance? Using document review, interviews, and network diagrams, we analyze how structural attributes of a governance network emerged and co-evo...
Self-reference line-dispersion interferometric microscopy

We have developed a line-scanning interferometric microscope capable of measuring the quantitative phase over a wide continuous spectrum. The sample is illuminated with a spatially coherent broadband light source shaped into a line beam that interferes with itself in a Michelson configuration, coupled with a grating-based spectrometer. The spatial modulation of the interference pattern in the direction orthogonal to the wavelength axis in the spectrograph image plane allows obtaining the spectral quantitative phase along the line illumination in a single measurement. We show the feasibility of the technique by quantifying the refractive index of polystyrene beads immersed in oil and the dispersive properties of live cells over the visible spectrum.
The Benefits and Limitations of Electronic Monitoring on Process Compliance

The development and deployment of standard processes is a foundational recommendation in many operations practices. Yet, given the demonstrated performance benefits of standardized processes, it is...
How a Medieval Monk-Poet (Saigyô) and Japan Became Identified with ‘Nature’

Japan and, more specifically, the celebrated early medieval monk-poet Saigyo have long been associated with properties of ‘nature’. From Ruth Benedict’s postwar work of anthropology The Chrysanthemum and the Sword , to earlier appropriations by nineteenth-century artists of Japonisme , to greenways lined with cherry trees, Japan as nature has been a powerful cultural cliche. This paper traces the misidentification of a key poet, Saigyo, with the qualities of nature, and argues that this rendering of Japanese culture is an ideologically invested part of Orientalism.
Development of a high efficiency integration system and promoter library for rapid modification of Pseudomonas putida KT2440.

Pseudomonas putida strains are highly robust bacteria known for their ability to efficiently utilize a variety of carbon sources, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Recently, P. putida has been engineered to valorize the lignin stream of a lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment process. Nonetheless, when compared to platform organisms such as Escherichia coli, the toolkit for engineering P. putida is underdeveloped. Heterologous gene expression in particular is problematic. Plasmid instability and copy number variance provide challenges for replicative plasmids, while use of homologous recombination for insertion of DNA into the chromosome is slow and laborious. Further, most heterologous expression efforts to date typically rely on overexpression of exogenous pathways using a handful of poorly characterized promoters. To improve the P. putida toolkit, we developed a rapid genome integration system using the site-specific recombinase from bacteriophage Bxb1 to enable rapid, high efficiency integration of DNA into the P. putida chromosome. We also developed a library of synthetic promoters with various UP elements, −35 sequences, and −10 sequences, as well as different ribosomal binding sites. We tested these promoters using a fluorescent reporter gene, mNeonGreen, to characterize the strength of each promoter, and identified UP-element-promoter-ribosomal binding sites combinations capable of driving a ~150-fold range of protein expression levels. An additional integrating vector was developed that confers more robust kanamycin resistance when integrated at single copy into the chromosome. This genome integration and reporter systems are extensible for testing other genetic parts, such as examining terminator strength, and will allow rapid integration of heterologous pathways for metabolic engineering.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of arimoclomol in rapidly progressive SOD1 ALS

ObjectiveTo examine the safety and tolerability as well as the preliminary efficacy of arimoclomol, a heat shock protein co-inducer that promotes nascent protein folding, in patients with rapidly p ...
The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. By Dean MacCannell

(1977). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. By Dean MacCannell. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 67-69.
Use of conditional inference trees for evaluating the effect of reclaimed asphalt pavement content and binder grade on the dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures

Abstract Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has seen increasing use because it significantly reduces the paving cost, conserves energy, and protects the environment. This paper evaluates how RAP content and binder grade affect the dynamic modulus |E∗| of asphalt concrete mixtures. The mix design includes four RAP contents (0%, 15%, 25% and 30%) and three binder grades (PG64-22, PG67-22, PG76-22). Dynamic modulus tests were performed and |E∗| was measured at four levels of temperatures (40, 70, 100, 130 °F) and six loading frequencies (25, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1 Hz) in accordance with AASHTO T 342. Based on the test results, a conditional inference tree was estimated, which showed a higher level of RAP content or binder grade generally results in a higher |E∗|. Across the four levels of RAP contents, a significant increase in |E∗| occurred as RAP increased up to 30%. The hierarchical structure of the estimated conditional inference tree reveals the interplay between the two mix design variables (i.e., RAP content and binder grade) depending on the levels of loading frequency and temperature. In general, the binder grade has a stronger association with |E∗| than the RAP content when the reduced frequency is high while the RAP content has a stronger association with |E∗| than the binder grade when the reduced frequency is low. This implies that a balanced mix design should be sought in selecting proper levels of RAP content and binder grade subject to application contexts in terms of temperature and traffic loading.
Reforming Reform: Revising the Anticorruption Playbook

Three decades of anticorruption activism have yielded only indifferent results. It is time to step back and rethink some basic issues. Among them are what the opposite of corruption might look like...
Doublures transcriptuelles : Récits récrits de Jean Lahougue

Several Post-Nouveau Roman detective stories by Jean Lahougue draw on various «intertexts» by writers such as A. Christie, V. Nabokov, or G. Simenon. In each case, the rewriting strategy is different and complex: it combines intertextual (quotations, allusions, etc.), hypertextual (in G. Genette's terminology), generic (the detective model), generative (Roussellian or Nouveau Roman procedures) as well as meta-parodic (using Nabokov or Robbe-Grillet's devices) types of reactivation. To illustrate Lahougue's multiform modes of rewriting, this study focuses on La Doublure de Magrite (1987) in relation to its declared hypotext, Simenon's La Premiere enquete de Maigret. Along with this analysis, the study proposes a theory of transcriptualisation by first distinguishing 3 main modes of transformation: transcription, transposition and transformation per se. And second, it proposes an inventory of material (verbal) as well as ideal (i.e. semantic, diegetic, etc.) components which are prone to being transferred, transposed, or transformed within this dialogic interrelation. These mutable elements are presented as transcriptible invariants. For instance, three material aspects are considered: the number, the dimension, and the placement of the transcriptual objects. Finally, following Genette and Barthes'; categories, various examples are used to illustrate the other four major narratological parameters (the spatio-temporal or diegetic setting, the action or proairetic code, the narrative voice, and point of view) which, combined with the three main transformational modes and the three material criteria, can give an overview of the diverse possible cases of transcriptualisation.
Poststructuralism and Deconstruction

Inspired by continental figures, especially Derrida, Foucault, and French feminists Cixous, Irigaray, and Kristeva, poststructuralism questions claims to absolute truth or objective reality in the human sciences. It emphasizes that subjects are socially constituted and that categories such as gender and race vary historically and geographically rather than being anchored as natural constants. Poststructuralism became the most influential theoretical current in North American humanities during the 1970s and 1980s, especially in literature, film, and new interdisciplinary fields focused on gender or on ethnicity, and continues to exert great influence in queer theory, cultural studies, postmodern studies, and postcolonial studies.
Syndecan-1 Expression Is Induced in the Stroma of Infiltrating Breast Carcinoma

Loss of expression of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 leads to reduced cell adhesion, increased invasive potential, and dysregulated growth of mammary epithelial cells in vitro. We compared syndecan-1 expression in malignant and nonmalignant breast tissues using immunohisto-chemistry with monoclonal antibody B-B4. Staining for syndecan-1 is greatly diminished on malignant cells within infiltrating ductal carcinomas (n = 20) as compared with ductal epithelium of both normal breast (n = 14) and stromalepithelial neoplasms (n = 10), which exhibit extensive basolateral epithelial staining. Surprisingly, comparison of malignant and nonmalignant breast tissue also reveals a striking difference in expression of syndecan-1 within the stromal compartment. In infiltrating ductal carcinomas, strong staining for syndecan-1 is present both within the connective tissue and on stromal cell surfaces, whereas syndecan-1 expression is absent in the stroma of both normal breast and stromal-epithelial neoplasms. Because syndecan-1 interacts with heparin-binding growth factors such as FGF-2, accumulation of syndecan-1 within the tumor stroma may contribute to the extensive angiogenesis and stromal proliferation characteristic of infiltrating breast carcinoma. Moreover, the induction of syndecan- 1 within the stroma, coupled with the loss of syndecan-1 on malignant cells, suggests that changes in syndecan-1 expression are critical in promoting the metastatic phenotype of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.
Cultural Heritage and the Arts Review

This is the Review published by the American Society of International Law Cultural Heritage & the Arts Interest Group containing articles by multiple authors.
Stress fractures of the carpal scaphoid. A report of four cases.

Repeated trauma that is insufficient to create an acute fracture may cause non-specific pain and tenderness in the wrist. Although the initial radiographs may appear normal, a high index of suspicion and a bone scan may lead to the early diagnosis of a stress fracture
Personalized Management of Bone and Mineral Disorders and Precision Medicine in End-Stage Kidney Disease.

Summary: Chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is common in end-stage renal disease and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Mainstays of treatment include decreasing serum phosphorus level toward the normal range with dietary interventions and phosphate binders and treating increased parathyroid hormone levels with activated vitamin D and/or calcimimetics. There is significant variation in serum levels of mineral metabolism markers, intestinal absorption of phosphorus, and therapeutic response among individual patients and subgroups of patients with end-stage renal disease. This variation may be partly explained by polymorphisms in genes associated with calcium and phosphorus homeostasis such as the calcium-sensing receptor gene, the vitamin D–binding receptor gene, and genes associated with vascular calcification. In this review, we discuss how personalized medicine may be used for the management of CKD-MBD and how it ultimately may lead to improved clinical outcomes. Although genetic variants may seem attractive targets to tailor CKD-MBD therapy, complete understanding of how these polymorphisms function and their clinical utility and applicability to personalized medicine need to be determined.
Best Practices for Translational Disease Modeling Using Human iPSC-Derived Neurons

Summary From the beginning, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology was touted as a path to improve our understanding of disease biology and enable drug discovery. Advances in iPSC culture, genome engineering, and differentiation protocols have rapidly expanded the use of iPSC-derived disease models from the specialized work of stem cell biology into the mainstream toolkit of cellular neuroscience. Here we provide guidance for using iPSC-derived neurons for disease modeling with a focus on enabling screening platforms amenable to therapeutic drug discovery. We also highlight the potential for incorporating three-dimensional systems that may create more translational in vitro models.
Endangered Collections: Legal Obligations for Museums Holding Endangered Species

Many museums, especially those with natural history collections, hold some material that is covered by a multitude of laws concerning endangered species. Determining whether these laws apply to obj...
The politics of developing global human resources in Japan

ABSTRACTJapan has made developing global human resources (gurobaru jinzai ikusei) a national priority. The government has invested billions of yen annually to double the number of Japanese students...
On Robust Comparison of Multivariate Complex Random Signals

We consider the problem of comparing two complex multivariate random signal realizations, possibly contaminated with additive outliers, to ascertain whether they have identical power spectral densities. For clean data (i.e., known to be outlier free), a binary hypothesis testing formulation in frequency-domain, utilizing estimated power spectral density (PSD) matrices, has been proposed in the literature, and it results in a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). In this paper we exploit an existing robust estimator of multivariate scatter to detect the outliers, and subsequently to clean the data. The existing GLRT is then applied to the cleaned signal realizations. The approach is illustrated via simulations. The considered problem has applications in diverse areas including user authentication in wireless networks with multiantenna receivers.
Imides: A Special Chemical Entity in Rhodium Catalysis

Abstract Rhodium catalysis enables the synthesis of a variety of highly useful compounds. The success of catalytic pathways mediated by rhodium depends on the choice of ligand and the nature of the substrate. In this chapter, the application of imides as ligands and substrates is discussed. The thorough description about the homochiral dirhodium catalysts derived from imide-based carboxylate ligands is provided along with many challenging transformations which involve rhodium carbenoids intermediate. A detailed discussion about asymmetric cyclopropanations, C–H activation, and cycloadditions reactions is provided, along with mechanistic insights as well as applications in the synthesis of bioactive compounds and natural products. Illustration about the use of imide as the substrate in rhodium catalysis is also offered for asymmetric hydrogenations, conjugate additions, and C–H activation.
An icosahedral virus as a fluorescent calibration standard: a method for counting protein molecules in cells by fluorescence microscopy

The ability to replace genes coding for cellular proteins with DNA that codes for fluorescent protein-tagged versions opens the way to counting the number of molecules of each protein component of macromolecular assemblies in vivo by measuring fluorescence microscopically. Converting fluorescence to absolute numbers of molecules requires a fluorescent standard whose molecular composition is known precisely. In this report, the construction, properties and mode of using a set of fluorescence calibration standards are described. The standards are based on an icosahedral virus engineered to contain exactly 240 copies of one of seven different fluorescent proteins. Two applications of the fluorescent standards to counting molecules in the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii are described. Methods for improving the preciseness of the measurements and minimizing potential inaccuracies are emphasized.
Does Empathy Pay? Evidence on Empathy and Salaries of Recent College Graduates

This paper examines linkages between empathy and salaries of recent college graduates. While it has been suggested that greater empathy enhances performance because empathic individuals work well with others and are good leaders, it is also possible that they will be less productive due to lower motivation to compete for pecuniary rewards or because they are considered to be too accommodating. Also, more empathic individuals may choose occupations that are more socially oriented and less well paid. We find a large, significant negative relationship between empathy and earnings for both men and women. While we cannot pinpoint the cause for this strong correlation or reach conclusions about causation, we find that empathic individuals choose college majors and sectors of employment that pay less. However, gender, major, and sector together do not account for the full negative relationship between empathy and salaries. While it seems likely that preferences lead more empathic people to choose lower paying occupations, we cannot eliminate the possibility that greater empathy has a negative effect on productivity.
P-Simrank: Extending Simrank to Scale-Free Bipartite Networks

The measure of similarity between nodes in a graph is a useful tool in many areas of computer science. SimRank, proposed by Jeh and Widom [7], is a classic measure of similarities of nodes in graph that has both theoretical and intuitive properties and has been extensively studied and used in many applications such as Query-Rewriting, link prediction, collaborative filtering and so on. Existing works based on Simrank primarily focus on preserving the microscopic structure, such as the second and third order proximity of the vertices, while the macroscopic scale-free property is largely ignored. Scale-free property is a critical property of any real-world web graphs where the vertex degrees follow a heavy-tailed distribution. In this paper, we introduce P-Simrank which extends the idea of Simrank to Scale-free bipartite networks. To study the efficacy of the proposed solution on a real world problem, we tested the same on the well known query-rewriting problem in sponsored search domain using bipartite click graph, similar to Simrank++ [1], which acts as our baseline. We show that Simrank++ produces sub-optimal similarity scores in case of bipartite graphs where degree distribution of vertices follow power-law. We also show how P-Simrank can be optimized for real-world large graphs. Finally, we experimentally evaluate P-Simrank algorithm against Simrank++, using actual click graphs obtained from Bing, and show that P-Simrank outperforms Simrank++ in variety of metrics.
Chapter 107 – Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder estimated to affect approximately 1% of children. Although highly heritable, Tourette syndrome appears to be a genetically heterogeneous disorder. In a recent screening of nearly 1500 individuals, the largest genome-wide association study of Tourette syndrome to date, no single gene emerged as statistically significant. Findings from neuroimaging studies and evaluation of postmortem tissue at the cellular and molecular levels indicate that dysfunction in cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuitry, and particularly dysfunction of striatal interneurons, may drive the production of the hallmark motor and vocal tics. These findings have driven efforts to develop animal models that display tic-like stereotypic behaviors following genetic or chemical disruption of basal ganglia circuitry. Contemporary treatments, including biobehavioral and pharmacological strategies, aim to ameliorate symptoms via action at dopaminergic and other potential target sites within the basal ganglia and cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuitry system.
Hypertension during Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children

Objectives To characterize hemodynamic alterations occurring during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a large cohort of children and to identify clinical and biochemical factors associated with hypertension. Study design This was a planned secondary analysis of data from the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Fluid Therapies Under Investigation in DKA Study, a randomized clinical trial of fluid resuscitation protocols for children in DKA. Hemodynamic data (heart rate, blood pressure) from children with DKA were assessed in comparison with normal values for age and sex. Multivariable statistical modeling was used to explore clinical and laboratory predictors of hypertension. Results Among 1258 DKA episodes, hypertension was documented at presentation in 154 (12.2%) and developed during DKA treatment in an additional 196 (15.6%), resulting in a total of 350 DKA episodes (27.8%) in which hypertension occurred at some time. Factors associated with hypertension at presentation included more severe acidosis, (lower pH and lower pCO2), and stage 2 or 3 acute kidney injury. More severe acidosis and lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores were associated with hypertension occurring at any time during DKA treatment. Conclusions Despite dehydration, hypertension occurs in a substantial number of children with DKA. Factors associated with hypertension include greater severity of acidosis, lower pCO2, and lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores during DKA treatment, suggesting that hypertension might be centrally mediated.