cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guided-wave acoustooptic Bragg modulators for wide-band integrated optic communications and signal processing (Invited Paper)

This paper presents a selective review of planar guided-wave acoustooptics, including some of the most recent results. The emphasis is on those aspects which relate to wide-band multichannel optical communications and real-time signal processing. First to be discussed are the analytical and numerical techniques required for the treatment of a Bragg modulator which uses a single aperture SAW transducer. The frequency responses generated for Y -cut LiNbO_3 waveguides using a digital computer serve as the basic data for the design of such a basic modulator. Next the key device parameters relevant to modulation and signal processing are discussed. The design parameters and procedures for wide-band Bragg modulators and deflectors are then established. Finally, some potential applications of such wide-band modulators and deflectors in optical communications and RF signal processing together with the best measured performance figures are described.
Regulation of Estrogen Receptor α by the SET7 Lysine Methyltransferase

Summary Estrogen receptor α (ER) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Upon binding estrogen, ER recruits coactivator complexes with histone acetyltransferase or methyltransferase activities to activate downstream target genes. In addition to histones, coactivators can modify ER itself and other proteins in the transactivation complex. Here, we show that ER is directly methylated at lysine 302 (K302) by the SET7 methyltransferase. SET7-mediated methylation stabilizes ER and is necessary for the efficient recruitment of ER to its target genes and for their transactivation. The SET7-ER complex structure reveals the molecular basis for ER peptide recognition and predicts that modifications or mutations of nearby residues would affect K302 methylation. Indeed, a breast cancer-associated mutation at K303 (K303R) alters methylation at K302 in vitro and in vivo. These findings raise the possibility that generation, recognition, and removal of modifications within the ER hinge region generate "ER modification cassettes" that yield distinct patterns for signaling downstream events.
Application of computer experimentation to the cornea.

BECAUSE of the variability of tissue culture samples, it is often impossible or impractical to measure precisely all the relevant dependent variables under a selected set of conditions. Computer modelling is an attractive technique for studying complicated structures in complex environments, because of the perfect reproducibility of the results and the precision with which all the characteristics (fluxes, internal compositions, potentials) of the tissue are self-consistently determined. The accuracy is of course no better than those input tissue properties to which the answers are most sensitive.
Videotaped Interrogations and Confessions: What’s Obvious in Hindsight May Not Be in Foresight

As expressed in the White Paper, the time has indeed come to make transparency of custodial interrogations the rule, rather than the exception. Widespread implementation of the recommendation to video record interrogations in their entirety and with a camera perspective that permits a clear view of both the suspect and interrogator(s) will achieve this goal admirably. The White Paper authors also imply that such video recordings will likely make it easier for later fact finders to detect and reject false confessions. For the sake of the innocent, all hope that this will be the case; however, anecdotal evidence and, more important, relevant psychological science suggest that it would be prudent to temper expectations in this regard.
Low-temperature ordered state of terbium ethyl sulphate

The Luttinger-Tisza method is applied to calculate the low-temperature ordering of terbium ions in terbium ethyl sulphate. A ferromagnetic ordering is found in agreement with experiment.
Determination of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in serum and erythrocytes by radioassay, and of holo-transcobalamin II (holo-TC II) and holo-haptocorrin (holo-TC I and III) in serum by adsorbing holo-TC II on microfine silica

Abstract We describe here a competitive inhibition radioassay of vitamin B12 in serum and erythrocytes, including differential radioassays to measure total corrinoids, “true” vitamin B12 (cobalamin), and vitamin B12 analogues in the assay of Lau et al.13 as modified by Kolhouse et al.15, in which the ligands are pure IF and R-binders. We also describe a method to determine holo-TC II (i.e., vitamin B12 on TC II) and holo-haptocorrin (i.e., vitamin B12 on TC I and TC III) by adsorbing TC II from haptocorrin (TC I and III) with microfine precipitate of silica (Quso). This procedure adds only one step to the vitamin B12 assay, and delineates negative vitamin B12 balance of patients at a very early stage of developing deficiency, well before the total serum vitamin B12 level falls below the laboratory range of normal.
DECODE and DFOUR: 2-D Fourier processing of petrographic images

Abstract Two-dimensional Fourier analysis provides a method to quantify the spatial arrangement of rock constituents in thin section. DECODE and DFOUR are the first in a series of Pascal programs designed to implement this technique on a low-cost PC/AT-based system. DECODE is used to preprocess binary images, allowing the user to subsample any part of a binary image. Selected (“Pore”) pixels are given a value of +1. Unselected (“Not pore”) pixels are given a value of −1. The output, stored on disk, is a 128 × 128 real-valued subsample, adjusted to have an arithmetic mean of zero. DFOUR applies a 2-D Fourier transform to the subsample. The output consists of a printed/plotted power spectrum, a disk file containing the 2-D transform results, and a disk file containing a radial power spectrum of the transform. The stored results form the basis of further analysis.
Polarization anisotropy and fine-scale structure of the Eurasian Upper Mantle

We have observed shear-wave splitting, with (tSH-tSV)/tSV up to 1.5%, on long-period records of multiply reflected S waves bottoming in the upper mantle beneath the Russian and Siberian platforms. The dispersion of Love and Rayleigh waves over these paths shows discrepancies of comparable or larger magnitude with respect to smooth, isotropic (SI) structures, consistent with a model of the uppermost mantle having significant apparent vertical anisotropy. Although the splitting and dispersion data can be fit by smooth, anisotropic (SA) models, we have investigated the apparent anisotropy associated with fine-scale ("rough") structure beneath stable Eurasia. We fit the data with a rough, isotropic (RI) model having an rms shear velocity fluctuation that varies from 14% in the uppermost mantle to zero at 400-km depth. These fluctuations are larger than the variation in isotropically averaged parameters expected for even a diverse assemblage of upper-mantle ultrabasic rocks, which we take to be evidence for some sort of intrinsic (local) anisotropy.
Suppression of Cytokine-lnduced Neutrophil Accumulation in Rat Mesenteric Venules in vivo by General Anesthesia

Most studies of neutrophil-endothelial interactions in vivo necessarily require the use of general anesthetic agents which are well known to be immunosuppressive. By using whole-mount preparations of
Work stealing and persistence-based load balancers for iterative overdecomposed applications

Applications often involve iterative execution of identical or slowly evolving calculations. Such applications require incremental rebalancing to improve load balance across iterations. In this paper, we consider the design and evaluation of two distinct approaches to addressing this challenge: persistence-based load balancing and work stealing. The work to be performed is overdecomposed into tasks, enabling automatic rebalancing by the middleware. We present a hierarchical persistence-based rebalancing algorithm that performs localized incremental rebalancing. We also present an active-message-based retentive work stealing algorithm optimized for iterative applications on distributed memory machines. We demonstrate low overheads and high efficiencies on the full NERSC Hopper (146,400 cores) and ALCF Intrepid systems (163,840 cores), and on up to 128,000 cores on OLCF Titan.
Skin Recurrence of Transformed Mycosis Fungoides Postumbilical Cord Blood Transplant despite Complete Donor Chimerism

Background. Allogeneic stem cell transplant is the treatment of choice for systemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) which provides graft-versus-lymphoma effect. Herein we discuss a case of recurrence of CTCL skin lesions after cord blood transplant in a patient who continued to have 100% donor chimerism in bone marrow. Case Presentation. A 48-year-old female with history of mycosis fungoides (MF) presented with biopsy proven large cell transformation of MF. PET scan revealed multiple adenopathy in abdomen and chest suspicious for lymphoma and skin biopsy showed large cell transformation. She was treated with multiple cycles of chemotherapy. Posttherapy PET scan showed resolution of lymphadenopathy. Later she underwent ablative preparative regimen followed by single cord blood transplant. Bone marrow chimerism studies at day +60 after transplant showed 100% donor cells without presence of lymphoma. However 5 months after transplant she had recurrence of MF with the same genotype as prior skin lesion. Bone marrow chimerism study continued to show 100% donor cells. Conclusion. A differential graft-versus-lymphoma effect in our case prevented lymphoma recurrence systemically but failed to do so in skin. We hypothesize that this response may be due to presence of other factors in the bone marrow and lymph node microenvironments preventing recurrence in these sites.
The conservation and divergence of telomeric structures, effects, and functions.

Cellular and Molecular Life SciencesTelomeres are specialized eukaryotic structures at theends of linear chromosomes, recognized for decades ashaving multiple functions that include the stabilization ofchromosome ends, a solution to the end-replication prob-lem, and the rearrangement of meiotic chromosomes[1–4]. More recently, the recognition that telomeres playa critical role in aging and cancer has resulted in a greatdeal of excitement and research activity on telomerelength regulation [5–7].In most eukaryotes, telomeres consist of a simple re-peated sequence, such as the human telomere repeatTTAGGG, and associated proteins. The repeating unit ismade de novo by extension of the 3
The effect of pressure on the curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resins

The effect of pressure on the curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resin was investigated, both experimentally and theoretically. The resin used was a general-purpose unsaturated polyester resin and the initiator used was t-butyl perbenzoate. A series of isothermal runs with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were made at various levels of cure pressure. It was found that the rate of cure was retarded under pressure, and that the ultimate degree of cure went through a maximum at a certain pressure as the cure pressure was increased from atmospheric pressure to 6.21 MPa (900 psi). It was interpreted that pressure has two competing effects on the curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resin; one is a free volume effect that hinders the curing reaction and the other is a thermodynamic effect that favors it. Therefore, when the pressure is higher than a certain level, the free volume effect becomes predominant over the thermodynamic effect, the ultimate degree of cure diminishing as the cure pressure is increased beyond that level. Theoretical interpretation of the experimental results is given, using a mechanistic kinetic model developed in our previous publication.
Natural history, treatment, and course of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

We have analyzed the course of papillary thyroid carcinoma in 269 patients managed at the University of Chicago, with an average follow-up period of 12 yr from the time of diagnosis. Patients were categorized by clinical class; I, with intrathyroidal disease; II, with cervical nodal metastases; III, with extrathyroidal invasion; and IV, with distant metastases. Half of the patients had a history of thyroid enlargement known, on the average, for over 3 yr. In 15% of patients given thyroid hormone, the mass decreased in size. The peak incidence of cancer was when subjects were between 20–40 yr of age. Tumors averaged 2.4 cm in size; 21.6% had tumor capsule invasion, and 46% of patients had multifocal tumors. Sixty-six percent of the patients had near-total or total thyroidectomy. The overall incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism was 8.4%, but the incidence was zero in 83 near-total or total thyroidectomies carried out by 1 surgeon. Twenty-five percent of the patients had continuing or recurrent dise...
Organic geochemical records from Lake Malawi (East Africa) of the last 700 years, part II: Biomarker evidence for recent changes in primary productivity

Abstract Relatively few well-dated and high-resolution paleoclimate records of the past few centuries presently exist from tropical East Africa. Here, we examine the bulk and molecular geochemical records of two varved sediment cores from Lake Malawi, which together provide a continuous record of environmental variability in East Africa of the last 730 years. We observe a number of changes in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Malawi, which are likely attributed to both natural climatic forcing and anthropogenic activities. Biomarkers of dinoflagellates (dinosterol) and bacterivorous ciliates (tetrahymanol) display increased accumulation rates from ~ 1900 AD to the present, while a simultaneous decrease in accumulation rates of diatom biomarkers (isololiolide/loliolide) is observed. Increased accumulation rates of retene, a compound derived from conifers, are also noted since ~ 1930 AD and likely reflect increased soil erosion due to deforestation of the Lake Malawi watershed. Spectral analysis of the high-resolution TOC record indicates a periodicity of 204 years, similar to the 206 year cycle noted in 14C and 10Be records, suggesting a link between East African climate and solar forcing.
Adaptation of High-Growth Influenza H5N1 Vaccine Virus in Vero Cells: Implications for Pandemic Preparedness

Current egg-based influenza vaccine production technology can't promptly meet the global demand during an influenza pandemic as shown in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Moreover, its manufacturing capacity would be vulnerable during pandemics caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Therefore, vaccine production using mammalian cell technology is becoming attractive. Current influenza H5N1 vaccine strain (NIBRG-14), a reassortant virus between A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) virus and egg-adapted high-growth A/PR/8/1934 virus, could grow efficiently in eggs and MDCK cells but not Vero cells which is the most popular cell line for manufacturing human vaccines. After serial passages and plaque purifications of the NIBRG-14 vaccine virus in Vero cells, one high-growth virus strain (Vero-15) was generated and can grow over 108 TCID50/ml. In conclusion, one high-growth H5N1 vaccine virus was generated in Vero cells, which can be used to manufacture influenza H5N1 vaccines and prepare reassortant vaccine viruses for other influenza A subtypes.
Isolation and characterization of spicule proteins from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

A simple method is described for the isolation of spicules from pluteus embryos of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Radio-iodination of the demineralized matrix reveals six bands on SDS protein gels. Treatment with N-glycanase leads us to believe that some of these proteins are N-linked glycoproteins.
Role of DNA-PK in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks

The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a critical role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and in V(D)J recombination. DNA-PK also plays a very important role in triggering apoptosis in response to severe DNA damage or critically shortened telomeres. Paradoxically, components of the DNA-PK complex are present at the mammalian telomere where they function in capping chromosome ends to prevent them from being mistaken for double-strand breaks. In addition, DNA-PK appears to be involved in mounting an innate immune response to bacterial DNA and to viral infection. As DNA-PK localizes very rapidly to DNA breaks and phosphorylates itself and other damage-responsive proteins, it appears that DNA-PK serves as both a sensor and a transducer of DNA-damage signals. The many roles of DNA-PK in the mammalian cell are discussed in this review with particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the phosphorylation events that take place during the activation of DNA-PK at DNA breaks.
Dynamics of hologram recording in DuPont photopolymer

Several dynamical aspects of the DuPont photopolymer film HRF-150-38 for holographic storage are described. We study temporal aspects of exposure, exposure time, processing situations, and storage effect. The quantities studied are diffraction efficiencies, thickness changes, and Bragg angle. The experimental results are performed with an argon-ion laser at 514.5 nm.
Pulmonary Complications of Inflammatory Myopathy

Pulmonary manifestations contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, ranging from intrinsic lung disease to secondary complications that include aspiration pneumonia, opportunistic infection, congestive heart failure, and hypoventilation. Newer classification schemes for interstitial lung disease have permitted closer correlation between histologic subtype and clinical outcome, while diagnostic techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage have begun to define the cellular elements responsible for immunemediated pulmonary dysfunction. Investigators have identified several serum markers correlating with inflammatory disease activity in the lung that should enhance noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic responses to newer regimens involving agents such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Taken together, these advances have contributed to better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease that should ultimately translate into more effective treatment.
Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of 2,6-Disubstituted Piperidines by Desymmetrization of meso-η-(3,4,5)-Dihydropyridinylmolybdenum Complexes. Application to the Total Synthesis of (−)-Dihydropinidine and (−)-Andrachcinidine

A conceptually new approach to the enantiocontrolled synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted piperidines was achieved by desymmetrization of meso-2,6-dimethoxy-eta-(3,4,5)-dihydropyridinylmolybdenum complexes. After protection of the piperidine nitrogen as a urethane derived from (+)- or (-)-trans-2-(alpha-cumyl)cyclohexyl (TCC), a sequential, one-pot methoxide abstraction/nucleophilic addition/methoxide abstraction/nucleophilic addition generated good yields of 2,6-disubstituted-eta-(3,4,5)-dihydropyridinylmolybdenum complexes. This sequence proceeds by way of a highly diastereoselective methoxide abstraction (>40:1). High yielding protodemetalation and N-deprotection provided a simple and enantiocontrolled synthetic entry to a variety of 2,6-disubstituted piperidines. This new method was used for the total synthesis of (-)-dihydropinidine and (-)-andrachcinidine.
Interspecific aggression in Leucorrhinia dragonflies: a frequency-dependent discrimination threshold hypothesis

Male Leucorrhinia dragonflies defend territories from conspecific and heterospecific intruders. Defense against heterospecifics is surprising, as mating and oviposition are the only activities that occur on the territories, and heterospecific males are not expected to pose a reproductive threat. L. frigida and L. intacta males respond aggressively with equal frequency and intensity against intrusions by conspecifics and heterospecifics. In contrast, L. proxima males respond more aggressively against conspecifics. The apparent lack of species discrimination shown by L. frigida and L. intacta males may result because territorial males that assess intruders (as do L. proxima) suffer a tactical disadvantage from hesitating when an intruder flies in. This assessment process may lead to reduced fighting success by the territorial male. Thus there is a tradeoff between assessment cost incurred when the intruder is a conspecific and benefit gained from avoiding conflict when the intruder is a heterospecific. Given this assessment cost, males of species that only rarely encounter conspecific intruders are more likely to evolve species discrimination than males of species that commonly encounter conspecific intruders.
An explanation for tailward flows with positive Bz in the distant tail neutral sheet during quiet times

ISEE-3 and GEOTAIL observations have revealed that at x = −210 to −220 RE, the z-component of magnetic field across the tail neutral sheet is positive, and the plasma flow is tailward during geomagnetically quiet times. Observations have also shown that the y- and z-components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) partially penetrate into the magnetotail for both positive and negative IMF Bz. We have evaluated the topology of the magnetospheric magnetic field expected from a partial penetration of the IMF when it has a positive z-component. We find that, in addition to the closed and purely IMF field lines that are generally acknowledged to exist for a southward IMF Bz, there is a region at intermediate radial distances of open field lines that cross the tail neutral sheet before exiting the magnetosphere. This region lies between x ≈ −150 RE and x ≈ −325 RE for the representative IMF orientation and model that we have used. We suggest that the quiet-time observations from ISEE-3 and GEOTAIL of tailward flow and positive Bz across the distant tail neutral sheet were obtained during positive IMF Bz conditions and in the region of open field lines. Such an explanation would also account for the GEOTAIL observation that magnetosheath-like plasma associated with positive Bz is common in the distant tail plasma sheet beyond 150 RE but not closer to the Earth.
A morphological biosensor for mammalian cells

An electrical biosensor is described that can continuously track morphological changes of adherent cells providing quantitative data from both sparse and confluent cultures. The method is capable of detecting vertical motion of cells of the order of 1 nm, much below the resolution of an optical microscope.
Relationship between Thermal Transitions and Freezing Injury in Pea and Soybean Seeds

In an attempt to correlate freezable water with freezing injury, the thermal behavior of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) seed parts at different moisture contents were compared with survival of the seeds when exposed to low temperatures. Thermal transitions between −150 and 10°C were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. In pea, reduction of germinability, after exposure of seeds to temperatures between − 18 and − 180°C, occurred at a constant moisture content (about 0.33 gram H2O/gram dry weight) regardless of the temperature; this moisture level was above that at which freezable water was first detectable by differential scanning calorimetry (0.26 gram H2O/gram dry weight). In contrast, damage to soybean seeds was observed at progressively lower moisture contents (from 0.33 to 0.20 gram H2O/gram dry weight) when the temperature was decreased from −18°C to −50°C. At −18 and −30°C, moisture contents at which damage to soybean seeds was evident were above that at which freezable water was first detectable (0.23 gram H2O/gram dry weight). However, at −50, −80, and −180°C, damage was evident even when freezable water was not detectable. The data suggest that, while the quantity of water is important in the expression of freezing injury, the presence of freezable water does not account for the damage.
Pressure-induced phase transition in YVO4:Eu3+: A luminescence study at high pressure

Abstract The pressure dependence of the emission from the Eu3+ ion in YVO4:Eu3+ has been investigated to 14 GPa, using a diamond anvil cell. Abrupt changes in the luminescence spectra of Eu3+ ion at 7 GPa, which, after removal of pressure, did not reverse, indicated that a pressure-induced, irreversible phase transition had occurred. The luminescence spectra from the high pressure phase showed the characteristics of a distorted D2d symmetry, which can be explained by considering only the first coordination sphere oxygens about the Eu3+ ion in an S4 symmetry site. The change in the energy separation between the 5D0 and 7F0 levels from the low pressure phase to the high pressure phase is discussed. A decrease of the effective charge on the oxygen atoms in the high pressure phase occurs and is correlated with a charge transfer mechanism that arises because of the phase transition.
Creep and Stress Relaxation Evaluation of Virgin and Thermally Aged Glass-Filled Poly(butylene terephthalate) used in Automotive Electrical Connector Applications for Electrically-Powered Vehicles by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

Poly(butylene terephthalate) stock with 0, 15, and 30% glass fiber filler , used in the housings of electrical connectors on hybrid and electric vehicles, was examined by creep and stress relaxation for viscous deformation and modulus loss at 25, 75, 125, and 150°C. Sets of virgin and aged samples were examined within each set then compared to each other.
Oxidation of nonplasma fatty acids during exercise is increased in women with abdominal obesity.

We evaluated plasma fatty acid availability and plasma and whole body fatty acid oxidation during exercise in five lean and five abdominally obese women (body mass index = 21 ± 1 vs. 38 ± 1 kg/m2),...
Treatment of idiopathic FSGS with adrenocorticotropic hormone gel.

Summary Background and objectives Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) has shown efficacy as primary and secondary therapy for nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy. The data on using ACTH to treat idiopathic FSGS are limited. This report describes our experience using ACTH for nephrotic syndrome due to idiopathic FSGS in the United States. Design, setting, participants, & measurements Twenty-four patients with nephrotic syndrome from idiopathic FSGS were treated with ACTH gel at two academic medical centers between 2009 and 2012, either as part of investigator-initiated pilot studies (n=16) or by prescription for treatment-resistant FSGS (n=8). The primary outcome was remission of proteinuria. The median dose of ACTH was 80 units injected subcutaneously twice weekly. Treatment durations were not uniform. Results Twenty-two patients had received immunosuppression (mean, 2.2 medications) before ACTH therapy. Six patients had steroid-dependent and 15 had steroid-resistant FSGS. At the time of ACTH initiation, the medianserumcreatinine(interquartilerange)was2.0(1.1–2.7)mg/dl,estimatedGFRwas36(28–78)ml/minper 1.73 m 2 , and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was 4595 (2200–8020) mg/g. At the end of ACTH therapy, 7 of 24 patients (29%) experienced remission (n=2 complete remissions, n=5 partial remissions). All remitters had steroid-resistant (n=5) or steroid-dependent (n=2) FSGS. Two responders relapsed during the follow-up period (mean 6 SD, 70631 weeks). Adverse events occurred in 21 of 24 patients, including one episode of new-onset diabetes that resolved after stopping ACTH and two episodes of AKI. Conclusions Response to ACTH treatment among steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent patients with FSGS is low, but ACTH gel may be a viable treatment option for some patients with resistant nephrotic syndrome due to idiopathic FSGS. Further research is necessary to determine which patients will respond to therapy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 8: 2072–2081, 2013. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02840313
Is Passenger Vehicle Incompatibility Still A Problem

Objective: Passenger cars often are at a disadvantage when colliding with light trucks (sport utility vehicles [SUVs] and pickups) due to differences in mass, vehicle structural alignment, and stiffness. In 2003, vehicle manufacturers agreed to voluntary measures to improve compatibility, especially in front-to-front and front-to-side crashes, with full adherence to be achieved by September 2009. This study examined whether fatality rates are consistent with the expected benefit of this agreement. Methods: Analyses examined 2 death rates for 1- to 4-year-old passenger vehicles during 2000–2001 and 2008–2009 in the United States: occupant deaths per million registered vehicle years in these vehicles and deaths in other cars that collided with these vehicles in 2-vehicle crashes per million registered vehicle years. These rates were computed for each study period and for cars/minivans (referred to as cars), SUVs, and pickups by curb weight (in 500-pound increments). The latter death rate, referred to as the...
Mare basalt petrogenesis—A review of experimental studies

Experimental results relevant to the fundamental question of the origin of mare basalts are examined with particular reference to guidelines for an appropriate evaluation of experiments. The petrogenesis of mare basalts remains a controversial subject as no petrogenetic scenario has yet been able to satisfy all the geochemical and geophysical constraints. Several generalizations hold true if one accepts that high-pressure equilibria provide some useful but limited information on mare source regions in the lunar interior. Petrogenesis of lowand high-Ti suites is identified. If assimilative processes are involved in the petrogenesis of the high-Ti suite, the high-pressure experiments on the resultant hybrid liquids have little bearing on their origins.
Within-Treatment Factors as Predictors of Outcomes Following Conversational Recasting

Purpose Although conversational recasting has been a generally successful treatment approach, the precise factors that influence children’s learning through recasts are not yet understood. In this study, we examined details of the relationship between child utterance and clinician utterance that seemed likely to influence learning. Method Three measures were calculated from transcripts of recasting sessions with 17 preschoolers with specific language impairment. In all sessions, 3rd person singular –s served as the target. The measures of interest were the frequency of recasts following child utterances that were prompted by clinicians, the frequency of clinicians’ recasts of subjectless sentences, and the frequency of clinicians’ noncorrective recasts. We assessed the short-term and long-term predictive value of these measures through regression analyses. Results Noncorrective recasts proved to be a positive predictor of short- and long-term gains in the use of the target form. Recasts of subjectless sen...
NODIFS: a novel, distributed circuit-partitioning based algorithm for fault simulation of combinational and sequential digital designs on loosely-coupled parallel processors

The author introduces a distributed, circuit-partitioning-based algorithm for fault simulation of both combinational and sequential digital designs. In this approach, referred to as NODIFS, every component in the circuit is modeled as an asynchronous, concurrent entity that is fault simulated as soon as appropriate transitions and fault lists are asserted as its input ports. The circuit is partitioned such that components of ever partition are allocated to a unique processor of the parallel processor system. Consequently, a number of components may be concurrently fault simulated on multiple processors in NODIFS, implying significant increase in throughput. The algorithm is detailed and a mathematical proof of correctness is presented. The performance results indicate significant increase in the speedup for a few representative example digital designs. >
Christianity or Nihilism? The Apocalyptic Discourses of Johann Baptist Metz and Friedrich Nietzsche

This paper explores the apocalyptic discourses of Johann Baptist Metz and Friedrich Nietzsche, examining in particular Metz's juxtaposition of Nietzsche's approach to time as eternal recurrence with biblical apocalyptic's approach to time with an end. While framing his criticism of Nietzsche in terms of these differing approaches to time, Metz's opposition focuses on Nietzsche's affirmation of even the most brutal experiences of suffering in the world as mere moments in the innocence of becoming. In contrast to attempts in Western thought to either justify (Leibniz, Hegel) or affirm (Nietzsche) suffering as a necessary byproduct of the creation of the best possible world (Leibniz), historical progress (Hegel), or the innocence of becoming (Nietzsche), Metz retrieves the biblical apocalyptic spirituality of protest, resistance, and political compassion as the authentic response to innocent suffering.
Social influence and the emergence of norms amid ties of amity and enmity

Abstract This paper explores the coevolution of social networks and behavioral norms. Previous research has investigated the long-term behavior of feedback systems of attraction and influence, particularly the tendency toward homogenization in arbitrary cultural fields. This paper extends those models by allowing that norms diffuse not only by simple contagion but through intentional sanctioning behavior among peers. Further, the model allows for negative relations, where actors differentiate themselves from enemies while seeking to align themselves with friends. Sociometric maps reveal non-trivial system dynamics—structural bifurcation, discrimination between factions, and cycles of deviance and solidarity—emerging from a few elementary agent-level assumptions.
Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia Surveillance Using Structured Electronic Data

Abstract OBJECTIVE To develop electronic algorithms for rapid, automated surveillance for herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) using codified electronic health data. PATIENTS AND METHODS We attempted to identify every case of herpes zoster and PHN arising between January 1 and December 31, 2008, within the electronic medical record of a 560,000-patient ambulatory practice using an array of diagnosis codes; intervals between herpes zoster encounters; and prescriptions for analgesics, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants. We assessed the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of each screening criterion by medical record review and then integrated multiple criteria into combination algorithms to optimize sensitivity and PPV. We applied the optimized algorithms to the practice's historical data spanning January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2008, to assess for changes in the annual incidence of PHN. RESULTS The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 053 detected herpes zoster with 98% sensitivity and 93% PPV. A combination algorithm including diagnosis codes, visit intervals, and prescriptions detected PHN with 86% sensitivity and 78% PPV. Between 1996 and 2008, the age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of PHN rose from 0.18 to 0.47 cases per 1000 patients, and the proportion of herpes zoster patients progressing to PHN rose from 5.4% to 17.6%. CONCLUSION Novel algorithms incorporating multiple streams of electronic health data can reasonably detect herpes zoster and PHN. These algorithms could facilitate meaningful public health surveillance using electronic health data. The incidence of PHN may be increasing.
Killing of Mycobacterium avium by Neutrophils and Monocytes from AIDS Patients Treated with Recombinant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

In this study, 30 AIDS patients without Mycobacterium avium infection were randomized to receive treatment with azithromycin (1200 mg), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 250 microg/m2/day for 5 days), or both agents. The M. avium killing capacity of neutrophils and monocytes harvested from each patient before intervention and during (day 4), and after therapy (day 8) was assessed. The mean virus load change in the groups receiving GM-CSF was +0.14 log human immunodeficiency virus RNA. After GM-CSF therapy, neither neutrophils nor monocytes could significantly reduce M. avium growth (P=.96 and.31, respectively). Bone pain, myalgia, presyncope, or fever occurred in 55% of patients receiving GM-CSF. Thus, the GM-CSF regimen used in this study did not affect virus load, frequently caused adverse reactions, and did not improve the M. avium killing capacity of neutrophils and monocytes. Future studies using a different GM-CSF regimen are indicated.
Arbitrage and Convergence: Evidence from Mexican ADRs

This paper investigates the convergence between the prices of ADRs and the prices of the Mexican traded shares using a sample of 21 dually listed shares (listed in Mexico and in the U.S.). Since both markets have similar trading hours in Mexico, standard arbitrage considerations should make persistent deviation from price parity rare. We estimate the convergence of the ADRs and the locally traded shares using non-linear models. We reject the linear adjustment model and, based on different tests, we select the ESTAR model. We find that price spreads tend to die out quickly; for 15 out of 21 pairs, it takes about 1 day for the ADR-underlying price spread to be reduced by half. Four firms, however, have high half-life estimates (seven days or more), and in general correspond to companies that display very low average daily volume, and thus, arbitrage might be difficult to execute. The results of Spearman correlation tests confirm this finding as most liquidity market indicators are positively correlated to the speed of convergence to parity. The average half-life is 3.1 business days. By allowing non-linear adjustments, the average half-life is reduced by more than 57% when compared to the standard linear arbitrage model.
New Data in a 200-Year Investigation

This article is in the public domain, and no copyright is claimed. 1058-4838/2004/3801-0013 The article in this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases by Hsieh et al. [1] on the longevity of T cell reactivity to vaccinia virus is the latest contribution to a more than 200-year effort to define the duration of protection provided by smallpox vaccination. When Edward Jenner announced his new cowpox vaccination method in 1798, he claimed that a single inoculation would protect for life [2]. Before developing vaccination, he had practiced variolation, in which material from smallpox pustules was inoculated into the skin. The technique had then been in use in Britain for some 80 years—sufficient time to show that it elicited prolonged immunity, as well as occasionally causing full-blown smallpox. Jenner’s assertion that his safer procedure provided equally durable protection helped lead to its rapid acceptance throughout Europe and the New World. Jenner maintained his belief in the lifelong efficacy of a single vaccination until his death in 1823, but, by that time, numerous observations had already proven him wrong. Some physicians who continued to practice variolation challenged Jenner’s claim, and experience eventually proved them right. By the 1830s, countries that had instituted universal infant vaccination had noted a marked reduction in the number of smallpox-related deaths, but they had also discovered that adults
The Role Of External Review Agents In Information Systems Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) In Community-Based Institutions

A survey of credit unions, school districts, and hospitals provided a sample of computer users subject to external financial, regulatory, and accreditation reviews in which DRP 1 is considered an essential part of the process. This study examined the perceptions of top-level managers in these three institutions toward the role of external review agents in increasing the awareness of management to their responsibilities in DRP. The findings indicate that the managers surveyed perceive the influence of external DRP review agents to be relatively unimportant. This attitude represents a stark deviation from the recommendations provided in current DRP research literature.
Knowledge Management and Organizational Performance

This study seeks to examine knowledge management and organizational performance with particular emphasis on organizational learning and knowledge innovation. Participants numbering seventy-nine (79) were used for this study in MTN Nigeria Limited, Asaba, Delta State. A 5- point Likert-scale structured questionnaire was used in collecting primary data for the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0) software was used to analyze the data collected for this study. An examination of the results for the study revealed that an organization can be assessed by what it knows and the business value it creates by harnessing its knowledge base and collective intelligence. The study thus concludes that organizations or firms that share knowledge have an additional selling point and are able to make new employees more productive. The study recommends amongst others, that organizations should consider officially allocating time to learn.
Combustion of water-in-diesel emulsion in an experimental medium speed diesel engine

Combustion d'une emulsion d'eau dans un carburant diesel. Etude dans un moteur semi-rapide experimental
Formation and Structure of Thin Mo Layers and Mo-Ni Multilayers on Ni(001) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

The growth of Mo overtayers and Mo-Ni multilayers on single crystal Ni(001) substrates is described. The nucleation and growth processes of these thin films were analyzed by LEED, XPS, AES and SEM and High Resolution AES investigations without breaking vacuum. Growth of Mo-Ni multilayer heterostructures on Ni(001) with ≈20A periodicity is possible at low temperature (≈200 °C). At high temperature (≈550 °C) the growth proceeds by the Volmer-Weber mechanism preventing the deposition of small period multilayers. Annealing experiments on ultra-thin (<20A) Mo overiayers deposited at 200 °C show an onset of interdiffusion at ≈ 550°C coupled to the generation of a new surface periodicity.
EFFECTS OF NONRANDOM SEED ABORTION ON PROGENY PERFORMANCE IN PHASEOLUS COCCINEUS L.

In this study, we sought to determine if Phaseolus coccineus normally aborts potentially viable seeds, and whether seed abortion is nonrandom with respect to progeny vigor. The ovaries of Phaseolus coccineus typically have six linearly arranged ovules. The three ovule positions at the stylar end are more likely to mature seeds than the three ovules at the basal end of the ovary. When we destroyed the developing ovules at the stylar end of the fruit after fertilization but before seed abortion, there was a significant increase in the probability that the ovules in the three basal positions would produce a mature seed. The probability of seed maturation in control fruits (no ovules destroyed) ranged from 38.3 to 42.7% over the three field seasons, whereas in the experimental fruits it ranged from 64.3 to 79.7% (similar to that of ovules at the stylar end in control fruits). We did not find any significant change in the probability of seed production in the three ovule positions in the stylar end of the ovary (the positions with high probability of seed maturation) when the basal ovules were experimentally destroyed. These results indicate that potentially viable seeds are regularly aborted in P. coccineus, with seed abortion more frequent in the basal ovule positions than at the stylar positions. In two greenhouse studies and one field study, we compared the vigor of progeny produced in the control fruits with the vigor of progeny produced in fruits where three ovules (either stylar or basal end) were destroyed. We found that the performance of the progeny from the three positions at the stylar end of the control fruits did not differ from the performance of the progeny from experimental fruits in which the three basal ovule positions were destroyed. In contrast, the progeny from the basal positions of the control fruits outperformed the progeny from the experimental fruits when the seeds were produced in the three basal ovules (stylar ovules destroyed). Our findings indicate that when the experimental treatment increased the probability of seed maturation, there was a significant decrease in the average vigor of the progeny in the remaining (basal) ovule positions.
Influence of diet on the density-dependent phase polymorphism of velvetbean caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Velvetbean caterpillars, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, were reared at different larval densities on meridic diets containing different amounts of foliage. The degree of dark body color and yellow to orange head color was highest in larvae reared crowded and on meridic diets containing the most dried soybean foliage in artificial diet or consisting completely of fresh kudzu or soybean foliage. No body color change from green was observed in solitary larvae reared on the same diets as crowded larvae. Larvae developed most rapidly on meridic diets containing the lowest and highest amounts of foliage. On all meridic diets tested, solitary larvae developed to the pupal stage at least 1 d faster than crowded larvae. Larvae reared on fresh foliage developed into pupae and adults that weighed the least.
Reserch of Modified Resin in Plugging Channeling

The modified resin is used,which can content the request of the plugging channeling.The best component is composed of the modified resin and 10% thinner and 0.3% solidified agent.The solidified time is 8—9 h.The compress strength exceeds 30 MPa.3 wells were used in oilfield.The pressure was stabilized for 15 min under 12 MPa.The plugging channeling was successful in oil formation.
Is rangeland agriculture sustainable

The objective of this paper is to examine the sustainability of rangeland agriculture (i.e., managed grazing) on a world-wide basis, with a focus on North America. Sustainability is addressed on three fronts: 1) ecological, 2) economic, and 3) social acceptance. Based on previous and on-going research, we suggest that employment of science-based rangeland grazing management strategies and tactics can ensure ecological sustainability. The formidable challenge in employing such technology centers around the need to balance efficiency of solar energy capture and subsequent harvest efficiencies across an array of highly spatially and temporally variable vegetation growing conditions using animals that graze selectively. Failure to meet this fundamental challenge often accelerates rangeland desertification processes, and in some instances, enhances rate and extent of the invasion of noxious weeds. We also suggest that the fundamental reason that ecologically sound grazing management technologies are often not employed in the management of grazed ecological systems is because social values drive management decisions more so than ecological science issues. This is true in both well-developed societies with substantial economic resources and in less-developed societies with few economic resources. However, the social issues driving management are often entirely different, ranging from multiple-use issues in developed countries to human day-to-day survival issues in poorly developed countries. We conclude that the long-term sustainability of rangeland agriculture in 1) developed societies depends on the ability of rangeland agriculturalists to continually respond in a dynamic, positive, proactive manner to ever-changing social values and 2) less-developed societies on their ability to address the ecological and social consequences arising from unsustainable human populations before the adoption of science-based sustainable rangeland management technologies.