cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of grain-boundary structure in rare-earth doped aluminas using an EBSD technique

Oversized rare-earth dopant ions such as Y3+, Nd3+, and La3+ segregate to grain boundaries and reduce the tensile creep rate of α-Al2O3 by 2-3 orders of magnitude. It has been speculated that these dopant ions can modify the grain boundary structure in alumina by promoting the formation of special grain boundaries. If this were indeed the case, it would provide a possible explanation for the aforementioned creep rate retardation. In order to test this hypothesis, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has been used to assess both the proportion of coincidence-site lattice boundaries, and the grain boundary misorientation distribution, in aluminas doped with various ions (Zr, Y, Nd, La, Nd/Zr). The results show that the grain boundary structure in alumina is not significantly altered by the addition of the above dopants, implying that the change in grain boundary chemistry is primarily responsible for the observed creep behavior.
Propulsion of ships

IT is doubtful if any branch of engineering has advanced as slowly and cautiously as that branch of marine engineering which has to do with the propelling of machinery . Reliability seems to have been the only thing in view, and economy seems, until very lately, to have received very little consideration . As an illustration of this point, I would mention that some of the Hudson River boats still have side wheels and use boilers with about 30 pounds steam pressure, producing a brake horsepower with about 30 or 40 pounds of steam . Steam engines were built as early as 1765, but it was not until 1807 that one was used to propel a boat . Electricity was used for power transmission as long ago as 1876, but its application as a medium for transmitting power to the propeller of a ship did not take place until 19o8 . This all goes to show that progress in marine propulsion is very slow, the tendency being to follow the old and beaten paths . Until within the last few years, reciprocating engines were used exclusively for the propulsion of boats, but with the advent of the steam turbine and its almost universal use on shore, where, due to its high steam economy, small size, and light weight, it has practically superseded the reciprocating engine, the practicability of its use for the propulsion of ships began to be considered. It is largely due to the untiring efforts of Sir Charles Parsons that turbines are now rapidly replacing reciprocating engines for the propulsion of ships . It may not be out of the scope of this paper to give some of the reasons why the turbine is preferable to the reciprocating engine as a prime mover . First : Because it gives simple rotation and admits the possibility of a large range of expansion. At present the best steam engines of the tripleand quadruple-expansion type cannot, on
RoomAlive: magical experiences enabled by scalable, adaptive projector-camera units

RoomAlive is a proof-of-concept prototype that transforms any room into an immersive, augmented entertainment experience. Our system enables new interactive projection mapping experiences that dynamically adapts content to any room. Users can touch, shoot, stomp, dodge and steer projected content that seamlessly co-exists with their existing physical environment. The basic building blocks of RoomAlive are projector-depth camera units, which can be combined through a scalable, distributed framework. The projector-depth camera units are individually auto-calibrating, self-localizing, and create a unified model of the room with no user intervention. We investigate the design space of gaming experiences that are possible with RoomAlive and explore methods for dynamically mapping content based on room layout and user position. Finally we showcase four experience prototypes that demonstrate the novel interactive experiences that are possible with RoomAlive and discuss the design challenges of adapting any game to any room.
Seeing in 4D with electrons: Development of ultrafast electron microscopy at Caltech

The vision to develop 4D electron microscopy, a union of the capabilities of electron microscopy with ultrafast techniques to capture clearly defined images of the nanoscale structure of a material at each step in the course of its chemical or physical transformations, has been pursued at Caltech for the last decade. In this contribution, we will give a brief overview of the capabilities of three currently active Caltech 4D microscopy laboratories. Ongoing work is illustrated by a description of the most recent application of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM), a field made possible only by the development of the 4D ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM). An appendix gives the various applications made so far and the historic roots of the development at Caltech.
Solar reflectance integrating sphere

Abstract An inexpensive integrating sphere for the direct determination of the reflectance of materials irradiated by solar energy transmitted through the atmosphere of the earth is described. Reflectance and transmittance measurements of various metals, cloths, and filters are reported and are compared to spectral and total measurements made with other instruments.
A test of the adequacy of the power index

The economists once invented the Economic Man whose aim in life was to maximize profit or a suitable generalization of it. Game theory suggests the possibility of a theory of coalitions. Presumably, such a theory relates to the Political Man. Does the Political Man seek to maximize “power”? To determine this one must develop an index of power and then discover whether in actual cases real men attempt to maximize what it measures.
Patterns of speciation in marine gastropods: A review of the phylogenetic evidence for localized radiations in the sea*

Abstract: Modern speciation theory is heavily influenced by Mayr's postulate that prolonged geographical isolation is necessary for differentiated populations to evolve reproductive isolation. Present-day distributions of sister species are consistent with allopatric or peripatric speciation in many terrestrial and freshwater animal groups. However, the oceans present few obstacles to dispersal for marine taxa with planktonic larvae, and sister species are not often split at biogeographical breakpoints in the sea. Theory predicts that disruptive selection on habitat choice or resource use can split a population into divergent ecotypes without physical separation, yet sympatric speciation is still often viewed as improbable. Here, I review phylogenetic evidence from diverse marine gastropods to test Mayr's prediction that recently diverged sister species should not be sympatric over most of their ranges. In contrast to expectations, young sister species are often broadly sympatric in many gastropod groups,...
An Alternative to Uniform Expenditure Reductions in Multiple Resource State Finance Programs

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an alternative procedure for reducing state expenditures in ongoing state programs without resulting in the major description commonly associated with uniform or across-the-board state budget cuts. Using, for purposes of illustration only, a problem involving the reduction in state expenditures for a school finance program, a linear programming model was derived---then applied. The purpose or objective of the model was to determine the required state resource allocation strategy which would minimize the state's financial commitment however it may be defined by educators and legislators without seriously affecting the financial support for educational expenditures at the school district level. In the state finance program studied, the total state expenditure could have been reduced by over one million dollars with no reduction in the state guaranteed minimum level of expenditure referred to as the foundation level per ADA student in average daily attendance. Peripheral benefits such as a large amount of property tax relief, more state aid to districts with a poor tax base, and a decrease in the dollar spread in per pupil expenditures between districts were also achieved. The results of the study indicate possibilities for utilizing linear programming or similar methods for other state resource allocation problems involving revenues from federal, state or local sources.
Induction of fine-grained lexical parameters of treebank pcfgs with inside-outside estimation and lexical transformations

A probabilistic model of the structural preferences of open-class words is important for accurate parsing, irrespective of the particular parsing paradigm. However, word-specific properties are not represented adequately in statistical grammars trained solely on annotated corpora, due to the Zipfian distribution of words in a corpus. The problem becomes more severe for models containing complex, fine-grained lexical categories. This dissertation presents procedures to estimate complex lexical parameters of a smoothed Penn Treebank PCFG from unlabeled data. The PCFG contains important linguistic representations for argument-adjunct distinctions and long-distance dependencies. The lexical parameters of the PCFG encode fine-grained information about structures selected by a lexical item, such as its subcategorization frames. Values of lexical parameters of words are re-estimated from a large source of unlabeled data using the Inside-outside algorithm for PCFG induction. Re-estimation from unlabeled data is constrained by interpolating re-estimated parameters with treebank parameters; we use the intuition that certain parameters of treebank models are more accurate than others and can guide unsupervised estimation, thus avoiding heuristic constraints. Models obtained in this way are shown to be superior to models obtained with standard Inside-outside estimation. We get substantial improvements in identification of complex subcategorized structures for unseen and low-frequency verbs in the treebank, as measured by parsing-based evaluations. This dissertation interweaves several issues related to unsupervised estimation of PCFGs: a treebank PCFG enables evaluations of re-estimated models against a high-quality gold standard (the Penn Treebank), unlike models obtained previously by Inside-outside from completely unlabeled data. Maximum-likelihood estimation (via Inside-outside) allows examination of questions regarding the relative efficacy of supervised estimation from a treebank versus unsupervised estimation on a much larger corpus. Subcategorization frames and other features in the PCFG are based solely on Penn Treebank annotation; the fine-grained, wide-coverage lexical resource obtained here is therefore aligned with Penn Treebank structures and interpretable according to Penn Treebank annotation guidelines. The framework for creating a linguistically-sophisticated PCFG can be extended to other languages having a treebank in the Penn Treebank style.
On the use of artificial interference for secrecy with imperfect CSI

We study the use of artificial interference as a means of increasing the security of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless link against an eavesdropper when the CSI for the link is not precisely known. The presence of imperfect CSI will lead to interference leakage to the desired receiver, and a significant reduction in the secrecy rate of the channel. However, if the transmitter is aware of the second-order statistics of the CSI, a power adjustment can be made to reduce the interference at the receiver to a tolerable level, and still provide degradation to the eavesdropper. Surprisingly, simulations show that in some cases, only a small amount of artificial interference is necessary to achieve a significant gain in secrecy rate. However, if the CSI error is too large, there is little benefit to transmitting artificial noise.
Vibrio cholerae Requires rpoS for Efficient Intestinal Colonization

Vibrio cholerae is a facultative intestinal pathogen that lives in aquatic environments, often in association with planktonic species. In the suckling mouse, oral inoculation with V. cholerae leads to intestinal colonization and symptoms of diarrheal disease. Results reported here indicate a role for the alternative sigma factor, RpoS, in intestinal colonization in this model of cholera. We constructed within rpoS multiple independent mutations which consistently resulted in a fivefold decrease in colonization ability as assessed by competition assays. These mutations had no detectable effect on the in vitro growth of V. cholerae in a rich medium. The occurrence of spontaneous suppressor mutations potentially required for viability of rpoS strains was ruled out by determination of the frequency of insertional inactivation of rpoS in comparison to two other nonessential loci. Finally, both the in vitro and in vivo mutant phenotypes of rpoS strains were fully complemented by providing rpoS in trans or by allelic reversion, indicating that the observed decrease in colonization fitness was indeed due to the loss of functional RpoS.
Role of CheB and CheR in the Complex Chemotactic and Aerotactic Pathway of Azospirillum brasilense

It has previously been reported that the alpha-proteobacterium Azospirillum brasilense undergoes methylation-independent chemotaxis; however, a recent study revealed cheB and cheR genes in this organism. We have constructed cheB, cheR, and cheBR mutants of A. brasilense and determined that the CheB and CheR proteins under study significantly influence chemotaxis and aerotaxis but are not essential for these behaviors to occur. First, we found that although cells lacking CheB, CheR, or both were no longer capable of responding to the addition of most chemoattractants in a temporal gradient assay, they did show a chemotactic response (albeit reduced) in a spatial gradient assay. Second, in comparison to the wild type, cheB and cheR mutants under steady-state conditions exhibited an altered swimming bias, whereas the cheBR mutant and the che operon mutant did not. Third, cheB and cheR mutants were null for aerotaxis, whereas the cheBR mutant showed reduced aerotaxis. In contrast to the swimming bias for the model organism Escherichia coli, the swimming bias in A. brasilense cells was dependent on the carbon source present and cells released methanol upon addition of some attractants and upon removal of other attractants. In comparison to the wild type, the cheB, cheR, and cheBR mutants showed various altered patterns of methanol release upon exposure to attractants. This study reveals a significant difference between the chemotaxis adaptation system of A. brasilense and that of the model organism E. coli and suggests that multiple chemotaxis systems are present and contribute to chemotaxis and aerotaxis in A. brasilense.
A Multicycle Test Set Based on a Two-Cycle Test Set With Constant Primary Input Vectors

Test compaction can be achieved by using multicycle tests. To avoid the computationally intensive process of sequential test generation, multicycle tests can be generated by extending two-cycle tests. However, the scan-in state of a two-cycle test is not always effective for a multicycle test when the primary input vectors are held constant during the functional clock cycles of a test. This paper studies the extent of this issue by considering exhaustive two-cycle and multicycle test sets with constant primary input vectors for finite-state machine benchmarks. Based on the results of this study, it describes an efficient test compaction procedure that modifies selected two-cycle tests in a given test set in order to make them more effective as a source for multicycle tests with constant primary input vectors. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the importance of this step to test compaction.
Techniques for characterization of charge carrier mobility in organic semiconductors

The charge transport characteristics of organic semiconductors are one of the key attributes that impacts the performance of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices in which they are utilized. For improved performance in or- ganic photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes, and field-effect transistors (FETs), efficient transport of the charge carriers within the organic semiconductor is especially critical. Charac- terization of charge transport in these organic semiconductors is important both from scientific and technological perspec- tives. In this review, we shall mainly discuss the techniques for measuring the charge carrier mobility and not the theoretical underpinnings of the mechanism of charge transport. Mobility measurements in organic semiconductors and particularly in conjugated polymers, using space-charge-limited current, time of flight, carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage, dou- ble injection, FETs, and impedance spectroscopy are discussed. The relative merits, as well as limitations for each of these techniques are reviewed. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 50: 1130-1144, 2012
Argon branching ratios for spectral-intensity calibration

Branching ratios have been measured for 104 emission lines from 24 levels in Ar i and Ar II. These branching ratios may be used to calibrate the relative detection efficiency of a spectrometer over the 2900–23000-A wavelength range.
An Improved Method for Studying Microvascular Geometry Using Fluorescent Dyes: Preventing Dye Extravasation, Preserving Dye Integrity and Enhancing Tissue Morphometry

A procedure for stabilizing fluorescent markers used to study the microvascular geometry and morphometry of muscle tissue is described. The procedure involves fluorescent labeling of plasma. fixation of muscle tissue in 10% buffered formalin. and quick freezing. This procedure prevents extravasation of the fluorescent dyes out of the capillaries as frequently seen in other muscle microvascular techniques, thereby greatly increasing the time that capillaries are visible. We found that formalin may actually increase the rate of fluorochrome bleaching by photo-oxidation, but the increased rate of bleaching is more than offset by the greater concentration of dye trapped in the capillaries. Further, formalin fixation results in little distortion of the muscle fibers themselves, making this approach ideal for morphometric studies.
Enhanced dual-transition probabilistic power estimation with selective supergate analysis

Consideration of pairs of transition in probabilistic simulation allows power estimation for digital circuits in which inertial delays can filter glitches (Hu and Agrawal, 2005). However, the merit of the method is not fully realized because of the way probabilistic simulation approximates spatial correlations of signals in the presence of delays. In this paper, we use supergate partitions (enclosing reconvergent fanouts) and timed Boolean functions (TBF) to obtain the dual-transition probabilities that correctly deal with glitches and filtering as they affect power estimation. Experimental results on ISCAS'85 benchmarks show significant improvements in estimation accuracy as the average estimation error on total power consumption remains under 5%.
Recent Results from Counter-Spark Chamber ν Experiment at BNL

In this talk I will discuss the following subjects: 1. the first observation of the reaction νμ + p → νμ + p and the measurement of the ratio \( {R_{{el}}} = \frac{{\sigma \left( {{v_{\mu }} + p \to {v_{\mu }} + p} \right)}}{{\sigma \left( {{v_{\mu }} + n \to \mu \overline {} + p} \right)}} \) 2. the study of the reactions νμ + N → νμ+ N′ + π0 and νμ + N → νμ+ N′ + π0 3. the observation of νμ + N → μ + e +…
Temperature depression while aerating moist soils and the resultant effect on maize seedling growth

Moist soil surfaces were aerated with air at relative humidities from 4 to 100%, flowing at rates from 0.07 to 3.5 liters per min. Evaporation occurred and resulted in measureable depressions of soil temperature when the aerating air was less than 100% saturated with water vapor and flowing at rates above 0.1 liter per min. Growth of young maize seedlings was markedly affected by depressed soil temperatures when the aerating air was at 30% relative humidity and flowing at 3.0 liters per min. Growth was affected even though the soil containers were submerged in constant temperature water baths to help maintain the uniformity of soil temperature. In containers similar to those used in this study, plant growth would be affected by aerating soils with air that is less than saturated with water vapor and is flowing at rates as low as 0.5 to 1.0 liter per min. On the other hand, plant growth would probably not be affected when aerated even with very dry air flowing at rates below about 0.1 liter per min.
Early excess weight gain of children in the Pima Indian population.

Objective. To determine the period of childhood in which weight relative to height increases in Pima Indian children and young adults in comparison with the general US population. Methods. Heights and weights of children in the Pima Indian population were derived from either clinical examinations conducted by the Department of Public Health Nursing (from 1–48 months of age), or from examinations in the National Institutes of Health longitudinal survey of health in the Pima population (for birth and ages 5–20 years), and compared with standards for the US population recently published by the National Center for Health Statistics. Results. Weight relative to height (weight-for-length in children aged Conclusion. Excessive weight gain occurs early in the Pima population with changes relative to reference values most marked in the first 6 months of life and between 2 and 11 years. Interventions toward primary prevention of obesity may need to be targeted at children rather than adults in this population.
Haar Compression for Efficient CQI Feedback Signaling in 3GPP LTE Systems

Frequency selective scheduling is an attractive feature in the 3GPP LTE system that allows optimum usage of the allocated spectrum. In order to support frequency selective scheduling in the downlink, the mobile user needs to feedback channel quality indication (CQI) of the downlink channel to the base station. Several CQI feedback scheme have been proposed for 3GPP LTE systems. We propose to apply Haar compression to distributed subband groups to reduce the CQI feedback overhead. The simulation results indicate that the distributed- Haar scheme achieves the best trade-off between the throughput performance and overhead reduction compared with other CQI feedback schemes. We also observe that the sensitivity in sector throughput performance to user mobility is approximately the same for all feedback methods considered in the paper.
Characterization of porcine endothelial cell determinants recognized by human natural antibodies

Abstract: Organs transplanted from pigs to primates are subject to hyperacute rejection. This immunologic reaction is initiated by the recipient's natural antibodies that bind to endothelial cell antigens of the organ, resulting in the activation of the complement system and rapid destruction of the graft. Various lines of evidence, particularly blocking studies, using purified carbohydrates have suggested that the endothelial cell determinant recognized by human natural antibodies is a terminal galactose in an α configuration (α-Gal). Although these studies are compelling, they fall short of proof because xenoreactive natural antibodies, being polyreactive, might bind to structures other than those used for blocking. Moreover, in vivo evidence that anti-α-Gal antibodies participate in hyperacute rejection has not been reported. Here we report that an enzyme specific for α-Gal, α-galactosidase, removes α-galactose residues from both intact porcine aortic endothelial cells and immobilized porcine aortic endothelial cell membrane extracts and that as a result of this, xenoreactive natural antibody binding is lowered by 70 to 80%. This decrease in binding of human IgM causes a corresponding decrease in complement activation. Similar results were obtained using the sera of other Old World primates. Digestion of immobilized porcine aortic endothelial cell membrane extracts with α-galactosidase produced a similar reduction in human IgM binding to gp 115/135. These results indicate that a terminal α-galactose is an important component of the gp 115/135 porcine endothelial cell antigen. We also report that perfusion of porcine organs I with primate serum removes anti-α-Gal IgM from the serum.
Model Predictive Analysis for AutonomicWorkflow Management in Large-scale Scientific Computing Environments

In large scale scientific computing, proper planning and management of computational resources lead to higher system utilizations and increased scientific productivity. Scientists are increasingly leveraging the use of business process management techniques and workflow management tools to balance the needs of the scientific analyses with the availability of computational resources. However, the advancements in productivity from execution of workflows in a large scale computing environments are often thwarted by runtime resource failures. This paper presents our initial work toward autonomic model based fault analysis in workflow based environments
Mupirocin-Based Decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus Carriers in Residents of 2 Long-Term Care Facilities: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Mupirocin has been used in nursing homes to prevent the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), despite the lack of controlled trials. In this double-blind, randomized study, the efficacy of intranasal mupirocin ointment versus that of placebo in reducing colonization and preventing infection was assessed among persistent carriers of S. aureus. Twice-daily treatment was given for 2 weeks, with a follow-up period of 6 months. Staphylococcal colonization rates were similar between residents at the Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs (VA) Extended Care Center, Michigan (33%), and residents at a community-based long-term care facility in Ann Arbor (36%), although those at the VA Center carried MRSA more often (58% vs. 35%; P = .017). After treatment, mupirocin had eradicated colonization in 93% of residents, whereas 85% of residents who received placebo remained colonized (P < .001). At day 90 after study entry, 61% of the residents in the mupirocin group remained decolonized. Four patients did not respond to mupirocin therapy; 3 of the 4 had mupirocin-resistant S. aureus strains. Thirteen (86%) of 14 residents who became recolonized had the same pretherapy strain; no strain recovered during relapse was resistant to mupirocin. A trend toward reduction in infections was seen with mupirocin treatment.
Insights into Cytoplasmic Dynein Function and Regulation from Fungal Genetics

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the discovery of dynein’s function in the positioning of nuclei and mitotic spindles and genetic studies that link the function of LIS1 and NudE/NudEL to the dynein pathway. It also reviews studies on the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the microtubule plus-end accumulation of cytoplasmic dynein, as well as studies on the biochemical functions of different proteins in the dynein and dynactin complexes. Functional studies of cytoplasmic dynein in the multinucleated filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa were initiated by a classic forward genetic approach. The role of dynein in positioning nuclei/spindles has been found in several fungal organisms such as Nectria haematococca, Ustilago maydis, Ashbya gossypii, Aspergillus oryzae, and Candida albicans. Fungal genetics not only made the functional link between individual subunits of the dynein-dynactin complexes and the in vivo function of dynein, but also allowed the identification of several dynein regulators such as LIS1, NudE/NudEL, and mNudC/NudCL that had not been isolated as components of the dynein and dynactin complexes. Fungal model organisms are in general very well suited for detailed biochemical characterization of the proteins involved in dynein function. The accumulation of dynein at the microtubule plus ends is important for the biological functions of dynein in fungi. Thus, the biological role of dynein and its regulation at the plus end will need to be studied in such a context and fungal genetic methods should be of great use in these studies.
Maxillofacial surgery and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Maxillofacial surgery has proved to be an effective method for controlling obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Surgery is as effective as continuous positive airway pressure in controlling this disorder. The pre-surgical evaluation, which includes polysomnography, physical examination, fiberoptic pharyngoscopy, and cephalometric analysis, is essential in directing surgical therapy. With phased reconstruction of the upper airway there is an excellent chance of correcting the obstructive process and eliminating the associated problems of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Novel Hybrid Fastening System with Nano-additive Reinforced Adhesive Inserts

Structural joining of materials and components involves complex phenomena and interactions between several elements of either similar or dissimilar materials. This complex behavior, coupled with the need for lightweight structures and safety (human occupants in aerospace, automotive and ground vehicles), propels the need for better understanding and efficient design. A novel joining technique that incorporates the advantages of both bonded (lightweight) and bolted (easy disassembly) techniques was invented (Provisional Patent 61/658,163) by Dr. Gary Cloud at Michigan State University. The most basic configuration of this invention consists of a bolt that has a channel machined through the bolt-shaft that allows injection of an insert compound that fills the hole-clearance of the work-pieces and acts a structural component. The hole may contain additional sleeves or inserts. Several combinations of the proposed technique are possible, and in particular, the effect of the adhesive inserts, with and without nano-modification was studied in this work. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composite plates were used as adherends with 12.5 mm holes, grade 8 bolts and preloaded to a torque of 35 N m. Pristine and Cloisite® 30B nanoclay reinforced SC-15 epoxy were used as adhesive inserts in the hybrid bolts. Tension lap-shear tests were performed on conventional (no-inserts) and hybrid bolted joints (inserts: adhesives + nanoclay), and their performance was compared. Results reveal that hybrid bolted joints can eliminate joint slip and considerably delay the onset of delamination. The addition of nanoclay increases the strengths but most importantly can prevent moisture from reaching the bolts shaft due to its excellent barrier properties. The proposed joining technique holds great promise for multi-material joining and a wide range of applications.
Synchronized mitochondrial and cytosolic translation programs

Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a vital process for energy generation, and is carried out by complexes within the mitochondria. OXPHOS complexes pose a unique challenge for cells because their subunits are encoded on both the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes. Genomic approaches designed to study nuclear/cytosolic and bacterial gene expression have not been broadly applied to mitochondria, so the co-regulation of OXPHOS genes remains largely unexplored. Here we monitor mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during mitochondrial biogenesis, when OXPHOS complexes are synthesized. We show that nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded OXPHOS transcript levels do not increase concordantly. Instead, mitochondrial and cytosolic translation are rapidly, dynamically and synchronously regulated. Furthermore, cytosolic translation processes control mitochondrial translation unidirectionally. Thus, the nuclear genome coordinates mitochondrial and cytosolic translation to orchestrate the timely synthesis of OXPHOS complexes, representing an unappreciated regulatory layer shaping the mitochondrial proteome. Our whole-cell genomic profiling approach establishes a foundation for studies of global gene regulation in mitochondria.
222 EXPRESSION OF CRE-RESPONSE GENES IN BRAIN REGIONS AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE EXPOSURE

Objective: To determine whether the level of cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein will be altered after chronic morphine administration. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice (30 g) were implanted (under the nape) with a 25 mg morphine or placebo pellet. Seven days later, mice were perfused and brains were removed, imbeded and sectioned (7 mm coronal sections) using a microtome. We focused on the nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) due to the relation of these brain regions to drug addiction. CREB-P immunostaining was done by the Vectastain kit using an anti-phospo-CREB antibody to determine regulation of the phosphorylated form of CREB. Results: Our preliminary findings show that morphine treated brains express higher CREB-P than control treated brains. Areas of up-regulation included the nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus and VTA. Conclusion: Our results indicate that CREB-P may be involved in the development of opiate addiction. Further studies are needed to focus on other brain regions in addition to the nucleus accumbens, the hypothalamus and the VTA to determine the role of these areas in drug addiction.
Antenna phase center locations in tapered aperture subarrays

Antenna apertures are often parsed into subapertures for Direction of Arrival (DOA) measurements. However, when the overall aperture is tapered for sidelobe control, the locations of phase centers for the individual subapertures are shifted due to the local taper of individual subapertures. Furthermore, individual subaperture gains are also affected. These non-uniform perturbations complicate DOA calculations. Techniques are presented to calculate subaperture phase center locations, and algorithms are given for equalizing subapertures’ gains.
Recent M.I.T. Research on Residual Stresses and Distortion in Welded Structures

The paper presents a summary of efforts by the Welding Research Group at the Department of Ocean Engineering, M.I.T. The major thrust of the efforts has been to develop technologies of reducing residual stresses and distortion through in-process control. Part 1 discusses reduction of longitudinal bending distortion of built-up beams, reduction of radial distortion and residual stresses in girthwelded pipes, reduction of forces acting on tack welds during butt welding, and reduction of residual stresses and distortion in high-strength steel weldments. Part 2 presents a brief summary of other research studies, including the forming of steel plates by line heating with a high-power laser beam, an intelligent system for flame straightening of panel structures, and the development of a knowledge-based system for minimizing out-of-plane distortion of welded structures.
Decoupling kinematics and mechanics reveals coding properties of trigeminal ganglion neurons in the rat vibrissal system

Tactile information available to the rat vibrissal system begins as external forces that cause whisker deformations, which in turn excite mechanoreceptors in the follicle. Despite the fundamental mechanical origin of tactile information, primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (Vg) have often been described as encoding the kinematics (geometry) of object contact. Here we aimed to determine the extent to which Vg neurons encode the kinematics vs. mechanics of contact. We used models of whisker bending to quantify mechanical signals (forces and moments) at the whisker base while simultaneously monitoring whisker kinematics and recording single Vg units in both anesthetized rats and awake, body restrained rats. We employed a novel manual stimulation technique to deflect whiskers in a way that decouples kinematics from mechanics, and used Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to show that Vg neurons more directly encode mechanical signals when the whisker is deflected in this decoupled stimulus space.
The Differential Effects of Three Verbal Punishers on the Disfluencies of Normal Speakers

One hundred normal subjects, divided into five groups, read aloud for 40 minutes. For the first 10 minutes (Baserate), subjects read without interruption. For the next 20 minutes (Conditioning), ve...
Incremental configuration space construction for mechanism analysis

We present an incremental configuration space (CS) construction algmithm for mechanisms described as collections of subassemblies of rigid parts. The inputs are the initial subassembly configurations and the subassembly CSs partitioned into uniform motion regions in which part contacts are constant and motions are monotonic. The output is a partition of the mechanism CS into uniform motion regions. The algorithm optimizes CS construction by incrementally enumerating and testing only the regions reachable from the initial configuration. We implement the algorithm for subassemblies whose uniform motion regions are polyhedral or are of dimension two or lower. The program constructs the exact CS when possible and an approximate CS otherwise. The approximate CS usually is qualitatively correct and in good quantitative agreement with the true CS. The program covers most mechanisms composed of linkages and fixed-axes kinematic pairs, two subassembly types for which CS construction programs are available.
Assembled to Monitor

Television viewing is a sampling, comprehensive and wide-ranging, of all the ways that modern people attend to mass media—browse, momentarily ignore, assemble into a mosaic of contrasting bits, passingly follow and attentively consume. The parameters of television programming consist of conventions that have proved successful in attracting and holding audiences, and they represent the expectations of those turning on their sets at any given time of day. The most prominent characteristic is stability. Genres remain much the same. Innovations, sometimes quite important in terms of presaging trends in programming, are largely confined to the rise or fall of a genre. It is easy to demonstrate active involvement in viewing, such as using a remote control to find greater rewards or choosing the same program again and again when viewing at a particular time. The preference is to build on two concepts introduced by Rubin (1983, 1984)—ritualistic and instrumental viewing. The mode of behavior that most succinctly and thoroughly characterizes the way by which a television set is typically attended to is monitoring. Viewing connotes a theater-like physical disposition in which the screen is watched continuously. Monitoring is defined as paying sufficient attention to three sets of cues—those of the visual and audio elements of the televised presentation and those resident in the behavior of any others in the vicinity who might be viewing—to follow the unfolding narrative. The underlying principle is that attention rises with the ability and need to assemble a narrative successfully.
Optimal Representation of a Varying Temperature Field for Coupling with a Structural Reduced Order Model

This investigation focuses on determining how to optimally represent the temperature distribution of a structure to capture at best its effects on the nonlinear geometric response of the structure expressed in a given modal expansion format. More specifically, with the temperature assumed in an expansion form, it is desired to find thermal basis functions most adapted for the ensuing structural computations. Under the assumptions that the tensor of elasticity and coefficient of thermal expansion are independent of temperature, it is justified that these thermal basis functions should be proportional to linear and nonlinear stress distributions induced by each structural mode and linear combinations of two such modes in the absence of temperature. The implementation of this finding in the context of structural and thermal finite element models is described and validated on a hypersonic panel under strong coupling between structural, thermal, and aerodynamic analyses. It is observed that the effects of the temperature on the structural response are indeed accurately captured without requiring a full modeling of the temperature field.
Combined neutron and x-ray imaging at the National Ignition Facility (invited)

X-ray and neutrons are commonly used to image inertial confinement fusion implosions, providing key diagnostic information on the fuel assembly of burning deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel. The x-ray and neutron data provided are complementary as the production of neutrons and x-rays occurs from different physical processes, but typically these two images are collected from different views with no opportunity for co-registration of the two images. Neutrons are produced where the DT fusion fuel is burning; X-rays are produced in regions corresponding to high temperatures. Processes such as mix of ablator material into the hotspot can result in increased x-ray production and decreased neutron production but can only be confidently observed if the two images are collected along the same line of sight and co-registered. To allow direct comparison of x-ray and neutron data, a combined neutron x-ray imaging system has been tested at Omega and installed at the National Ignition Facility to collect an x-ray image along the currently installed neutron imaging line of sight. This system is described, and initial results are presented along with prospects for definitive coregistration of the images.
Combats étudiants pour l’indépendance de l’Algérie: UNEF-UGEMA (1955–1962)/Moments d’histoire des étudiants algériens de Montpellier (1948–2014): Contre l’oubli

These books both recall the role of the Union Generale des Etudiants Musulmans Algeriens (UGEMA) in Algeria’s struggle for independence (1954–62). Algerian students in Algiers and in the French met...
The therapeutic potential of iron-targeting gallium compounds in human disease: From basic research to clinical application

Gallium, group IIIa metal, shares certain chemical characteristics with iron which enable it to function as an iron mimetic that can disrupt iron-dependent tumor cell growth. Gallium may also display antimicrobial activity by disrupting iron homeostasis in certain bacteria and fungi. Gallium's action on iron homeostasis leads to inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, mitochondrial function, and changes in proteins of iron transport and storage. In addition, gallium induces an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in cells which triggers downstream upregulation of metallothionein and hemoxygenase-1. Early clinical trials evaluated the efficacy of the simple gallium salts, gallium nitrate and gallium chloride. However, newer gallium-ligands such as Tris(8-quinolinolato)gallium(III) (KP46) and gallium maltolate have been developed and are undergoing clinical evaluation. Additional gallium-ligands that demonstrate antitumor activity in preclinical studies have emerged. Their mechanisms of action and their spectrum of antitumor activity may extend beyond the earlier generations of gallium compounds and warrant further investigation. This review will focus on the evolution and potential of gallium-based therapeutics.
Using the research domain criteria framework to track domains of change in comorbid PTSD and SUD.

Objectives Comorbidity in diagnosis raises critical challenges for psychological assessment and treatment. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Project, launched by the National Institutes of Mental Health, proposes domains of functioning as a way to conceptualize the overlap between comorbid conditions and inform treatment selection. However, further research is needed to understand common comorbidities (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and substance use disorder [SUD]) from an RDoC framework and how existing evidence-based treatments would be expected to promote change in the RDoC domains of functioning. To address these gaps, the current study examined change in 3 RDoC domains (Negative Valence Systems, Arousal/Regulatory Systems, and Cognitive Systems) during concurrent prolonged exposure (PE) and substance use treatment. Method Participants were 85 individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUD who received PE in a residential substance use treatment facility. They completed an experimental task to assess physiological reactivity to trauma and alcohol cues at pre- and posttreatment. Results Results showed decreased severity in all 3 RDoC domains of interest across the study period. Pairwise comparisons between domains revealed that Arousal/Regulatory Systems had the lowest severity at posttreatment. Subsequent hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that posttreatment domain scores were associated with posttreatment cue reactivity for trauma and alcohol cues. Conclusions The findings provide preliminary evidence of how the RDoC domains of functioning may change with evidence-based treatments and are discussed in terms of the assessment and treatment of mental health problems using the RDoC framework. (PsycINFO Database Record
Reading Buddies: A Strategy to Increase Peer Interaction in Students With Autism:

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often challenged by social interaction and may require substantial support to interact with peers even in inclusive settings. Having adults support ...
A New Approximation for the Neutron Albedo

Empirical parameters for a new fast-neutron differential dose albedo formula are presented for water, concrete, iron, and lead and for ten energy bands between 0.1 and 10.0 MeV. Data are also presented for 252 Cf spontaneous fission neutrons, 14-MeV neutrons, and thermal neutrons. The 24- parameter approximation, based on modern dose units, agrees with MCNP-calculated values within 10%. Revised data are also presented for a five-parameter secondary-photon albedo formula, proposed earlier by Maerker and Muckenthaler, that is within 20% of MCNP values for the four materials. Finally, these revised albedo formulas are applied to the problem of thermal neutrons transmitted through a three-legged duct and compared to previous experimental results.
Abstract 321: Central Blood Pressure Regulation in Relation to Hypertension and Adiposity in Youth

Introduction: The relationship between different central BP measurements with hypertension status in youth is not well documented. We hypothesized that measures of central BP would be positively associated with hypertension status in youth independent of adiposity. Methods: We recruited 149 males and 160 females for this cross-sectional analysis (mean±SD: age = 12.8±2.7; BMI percentile (%) = 78.5±27.8). Body fat % was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and brachial BP was measured using an automated cuff to calculate systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Determined by systolic percentile, there were 238 normotensive ( th ), 29 pre-hypertensive ( th - th ), and 42 hypertensive ( th ) individuals enrolled. Central BP was determined using the SphygmoCor MM3 system to calculate carotid-aorta SBP (caSBP) carotid-aorta DBP (caDBP) radial-aorta SBP (raSBP) and radial-aorta DBP (raDBP). Central BP measures were compared across hypertension status groups using ANCOVA, with post-hoc Tukey HSD, adjusted for age, sex, and race. Pearson correlations (unadjusted) and multiple linear regression models, examining the relationship between central BP measures with brachial BP adjusted for age, sex, race, and height, were conducted with further adjustment for body fat % (shown as β±SE). Results: raSBP, caSBP, raDBP, and caDBP were significantly different between the normotensive and hypertensive groups (all p Conclusion: These data suggest that central BP, regardless of measurement site, is highly associated with brachial BP and hypertension status in youth independent of adiposity.