cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of Mg 25 , Mg 26 , and Mg 27 Nuclei With (d, p) Reactions

By irradiating ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$, ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$, and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{26}$ targets with 15-MeV deuterons, the proton spectra have been measured at four angles up to high excitation energies of the residual nuclei, and as a result many new levels of ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$, ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{26}$, and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{27}$ have been identified in the region above the neutron separation energy. The 3.969-MeV level of ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$ and the two unresolved levels of ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{27}$ at 3.76 MeV and 3.78 MeV have angular distributions characteristic of $l=3$ angular-momentum transfer rather than of $l=2$. Detailed consideration has been given to the low-lying levels and to the applicability of the distorted-wave Born-approximation (DWBA) method in calculating the single-particle cross sections. From stripping cross sections and related spectroscopic factors, evidence has been obtained that the low-lying levels of ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{26}$ and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{27}$ may be considered as members of rotational bands, analogous to those of ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$ and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$, respectively.
Spin-wave energy dispersion of a frustrated spin-½ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a stacked square lattice.

The effects of interlayer coupling and spatial anisotropy on the spin-wave excitation spectra of a three-dimensional spatially anisotropic, frustrated spin- Heisenberg antiferromagnet (HAFM) are investigated for the two ordered phases using second-order spin-wave expansion. We show that the second-order corrections to the spin-wave energies are significant and find that the energy spectra of the three-dimensional HAFM have similar qualitative features to the energy spectra of the two-dimensional HAFM on a square lattice. We also discuss the features that can provide experimental measures for the strength of the interlayer coupling, spatial anisotropy parameter, and magnetic frustration.
Chaotic price dynamics, increasing returns and the Phillips curve

Abstract Chaotic behavior of prices can emerge as a robust result from a very simple and standard price adjustment process. Consider the dynamics of prices adjusting according to supply and demand in economies with increasing returns to scale. Increasing returns in production implies the existence of a globally attracting set of prices, containing a stable disequilibrium price, within which the motion of the system is chaotic. This property holds for any step size in the price adjustment process when consumption and leisure are complementary. We prove that long-run statistical properties of the system's behavior in this set are described by an ergodic measure. Price dynamics drive the system into the globally attracting region, and then chaotic motion takes over. On average according to this measure there is excess supply. We suggest possible empirical implications of our analysis, particularly with respect to the relationship between wages changes and the demand for labor, the “Phillips curve”.
Exposure to phthalates: germline dysfunction and aneuploidy

Epidemiological studies continue to reveal the enduring impact of exposures to environmental chemicals on human physiology, including our reproductive health. Phthalates, a well characterized class of endocrine disrupting chemicals and commonly utilized plasticizers, are among one of the many toxicants ubiquitously present in our environment. Phthalate exposure has been linked to increases in the rate of human aneuploidy, a phenomenon that is detected in 0.3% of livebirths resulting in genetic disorders including trisomy 21, approximately 4% of stillbirths, and over 35% of miscarriages. Here we review recent epidemiological and experimental studies that have examined the role that phthalates play in germline dysfunction, including increases in apoptosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and impaired genomic integrity, resulting in aneuploidy. We will further discuss subject variability, as it relates to diet and polymorphisms, and the sexual dimorphic effects of phthalate exposure, as it relates to sex-specific targets. Lastly, we discuss some of the conserved effects of phthalate exposure across humans, mammalian models and non-mammalian model organisms, highlighting the importance of using model organisms to our advantage for chemical risk assessment and unveiling potential mechanisms that underlie phthalate-induced reproductive health issues across species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Driver propensity to fatigue and drowsiness: a probabilistic approach

This analysis is aimed at quantification, on the probabilistic basis, of the significance of driver fatigue and drowsiness (DD) in automated and manual driving conditions; the impact of driving tim...
Presumption Law in Action: Why States Should Not Be Seduced into Adopting a Joint Custody Presumption

What custody standard is best for children once their parents separate? Many argue that the answer is simple: equal custody – or a presumption for joint custody – is not only fair to parents but also best for children. A presumption for judges has surface appeal: it provides an equitable sounding starting point. Indeed, many legislators throughout the country are considering new laws that would mandate a presumption for shared custody. However, recent social science research, legal scholarship, and judicial decisions suggest that shared parenting may not always be in children’s best interests. In this paper, I argue against the presumption that shared custody is in a child’s best interest. An analysis of recent case law shows that the legal theories supporting presumptions in the law do not justify custodial presumptions in practice. I support this claim by analyzing case law in two of the few jurisdictions with a presumption for joint custody in place. Given the potential for custodial presumptions to harm vulnerable children, we must resist the seductive simplicity of an equal custody presumption and instead focus on what is actually best for children – based on actual, not assumed facts.
Vector–host epidemic model with direct transmission in random environment

This paper studies a stochastic vector–host epidemic model with direct transmission in random environment, governed by a system of stochastic differential equations with regime-switching diffusion. We first examine the existence and uniqueness of a positive global solution. Then, we investigate stability properties of the solution, including almost sure and pth moment exponential stability and stochastic asymptotic stability. Moreover, we study conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a stationary distribution. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Extensions to Neoclassical Growth Theory

In this chapter, we extend the basic neoclassical growth model in several ways. In the previous chapter, we learned that human capital is an important source of economic growth. Here, we introduce a simple theory of human capital formation based on parents desire to invest in the “quality” or economic productivity of their children. Parents will also choose the “quantity” of their children, giving us a theory of fertility that makes population growth, another important determinant of economic growth identified in Chap. 2, endogenous. Recall that high population growth makes it difficult to accumulated capital per worker and thus slows the growth in per capita income.
Chapter 2 Ribonucleosides in Biological Fluids by A High-Resolution Quantitative Rplc-UV Method

Publisher Summary This chapter describes fully validated and reliable methodologies for the analysis of nucleosides, including pre-chromatography sample preparation techniques of biological samples. Each chromatographic protocol is designed for high resolution, selectivity, and speed of analysis. Appropriate dilutions were made from the stock solution to obtain the desired concentrations for the working solutions, 10.0 nmol/nil for urine and 0.500 nmol/ml for serum analysis. Each new dilution of working solution should be checked by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for accuracy. The HP-1090M system was made up of a DR5 ternary solvent delivery system, variable-volume auto injector, auto sampler, diode-array detector, and heated column compartment. Because the nucleoside pattern and composition in physiological samples are different from the tRNA hydrolysates, a customized HPLC separation protocol for urine and serum nucleosides should be developed. There is a need for an HPLC protocol to increase the separation in two regions of the chromatogram. High quality minibore columns are available from many suppliers, and many HPLC instruments are available for the minibore column application. Further, more than a 20-fold increase in sensitivity could be expected from a microbore column as routine gradient applications of microbore HPLC are available.
Radioisotope Photoscanning of the Liver

Summary A series of 950 photoscans of the liver with I 131 Rose Bengal were reviewed. Of 548 scans in which the diagnosis could be,confirmed by autopsy, laparotomy, or biopsy, 461 patients were correctly diagnosed by scanning; 333 cases were correctly diagnosed as positive and 128 cases were correctly diagnosed as negative. Of the 69 which were false positives, 55 showed diffuse pathologic processes such as cirrhosis or fatty metamorphosis of the liver. From 246 photoscans diagnosed as positive for space-occupying disease but for which no postmortem findings were available, 183 patients fulfilled other criteria confirming the presence of liver metastases at the time of the scan. In 98 patients in whom the scan was reported as normal and no postmortem findings were available, 65 patients were alive 3 years after the scan was performed and liver function tests did not suggest metastatic involvement of the liver.
Mammary Neoplasia in Mice

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes briefly the past literature on the studies of spontaneous mouse mammary cancer and discusses in detail the discoveries that have been made only recently. Mammary tumor studies on mice began with the first description of such tumors in a wild mouse in the year 1854. This is an area of tumor biology that was studied first by pathologists, was nurtured by geneticists and endocrinologists, and is only lately being pursued vigorously by investigators from other disciplines such as virology, immunology, biochemistry, molecular biology. Mouse mammary tumors offer many advantages for tumor biological studies. The chapter also talks about mammary tumor virus (MTV), their hormonal influences on mouse mammary neoplasia, and the two categories of inbred strains of mice employed in mammary cancer research—susceptible strains and resistant strains. The mouse mammary tumor system still remains an area of interest to researchers from different disciplines. One of the great advantages of this system remains the amenability of the host animals to laboratory experimentation.
Cough: an unmet clinical need.

Cough is among the most common complaints for which patients worldwide seek medical attention. Thus, the evaluation and treatment of cough result in tremendous financial expenditure and consumption of health care resources. Yet, despite the clinical significance of cough, research efforts aimed at improving diagnostic capabilities and developing more effective therapeutic agents have been, to date, disappointing in their limited scope and outcomes. Acute cough due to the common cold represents the most common type of cough. Currently, available medications for the symptomatic management of acute cough are inadequate due to lack of proven efficacy and/or their association with undesirable or intolerable side effects at anti-tussive doses. Subacute cough, often representing a prolonged post-viral response, is typically refractory to standard anti-tussive therapy. Few clinical trials have evaluated therapeutic options for subacute cough. Diagnostic challenges facing the clinician in the management of chronic cough include the determination of whether symptoms of upper airway cough syndrome (formerly, postnasal drip syndrome) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are indeed the underlying cause of cough. Chronic, refractory unexplained (formerly, idiopathic) cough must be distinguished from cough that has not been fully evaluated and treated according to current guideline recommendations. Eagerly awaited are new safe and effective anti-tussive agents for use when cough suppression is desired, regardless of underlying aetiology of cough, as well as practical, validated ambulatory cough counters to aid clinical assessment and future research in the field of cough. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Respiratory Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-1
An efficient algorithm for the incremental updation of association rules in large databases

Efficient discovery of association rules in large databases is a well studied problem and several approaches have been proposed. However, it is non trivial to maintain the association rules current when the database is updated since, such updates could invalidate existing rules or introduce new rules. In this paper, we propose an incremental updating technique based on negative borders, for the maintenance of association rules when new transaction data is added to or deleted from a transaction database. An important feature of our algorithm is that it requires a full scan (exactly one) of the whole database only if the database update causes the negative border of the set of large itemsets to expand.
Characterization of cross-reactive proteins detected by Culturette Brand Rapid Latex Test for Clostridium difficile.

Clostridium sporogenes, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Bacteroides asaccharolyticus have been reported to react in the Culturette Brand Rapid Latex Test (Marion Scientific, Div. Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.) for Clostridium difficile. From the results of this study we showed that C. sporogenes and P. anaerobius produce a protein which is very similar biochemically and immunologically to the protein of C. difficile that is detected by the test. Thus, the positive latex reactions observed with C. sporogenes and P. anaerobius are due to a cross-reactive protein. We did not detect this cross-reactive protein in filtrates from B. asaccharolyticus, indicating that this bacterium reacts with the latex reagent by some other mechanism. We cloned the C. difficile gene that codes for the cross-reactive protein and showed that the protein produced by the recombinant organism is nontoxic and distinct from toxin A, thus confirming our earlier findings. Images
Ribonucleic Acid Species of Intracellular Nucleocapsids and Released Virions of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Abstract Infection of chicken embryo cells with vesicular stomatitis (VS) virus resulted in variable production of three classes of intracellular viral ribonucleocapsids with sedimentation coefficients of approximately 140S, 110S, and 80S, as well as three corresponding classes of released virions designated B, LT, and T. Intracellular nucleocapsids of each class contained three proteins of which the major N protein was firmly bound, and the minor L and NS1 proteins were readily dissociated with 0.5 m NaCl. The ribonucleic acid (RNA) species extracted from B, LT, and T virions, and from corresponding intracellular nucleocapsids, contained RNA species with approximate molecular weights of 3.2 × 106, 2.0 × 106, and 106, respectively, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These values are roughly equivalent to sedimentation coefficients of 42S, 28S, and 23S for each of the virion and nucleocapsid RNA species. Cells infected at high multiplicity with undiluted passage VS virus gave rise primarily to virions and nucleocapsids containing 23S RNA, whereas cells productively infected with purified B virions produced predominantly B and LT virions and nucleocapsids. At late stages in the productive cycle of infection, more virions containing 42S RNA were produced, but the intracellular pool of nucleocapsids containing 28S and 23S RNA remained relatively constant. Additional studies by more refined techniques are required to test the hypothesis that nucleocapsids containing 28S and 23S RNA are precursors of the 42S RNA in infectious VS-B virions and that production of defective T and LT virions results from failure of ligation of the RNA precursors.
OMG, I Have to Tweet that! A Study of Factors that Influence Tweet Rates

Many studies have shown that social data such as tweets are a rich source of information about the real-world including, for example, insights into health trends. A key limitation when analyzing Twitter data, however, is that it depends on people self-reporting their own behaviors and observations. In this paper, we present a large-scale quantitative analysis of some of the factors that influence self-reporting bias. In our study, we compare a year of tweets about weather events to ground-truth knowledge about actual weather occurrences. For each weather event we calculate how extreme, how expected, and how big a change the event represents. We calculate the extent to which these factors can explain the daily variations in tweet rates about weather events. We find that we can build global models that take into account basic weather information, together with extremeness, expectation and change calculations to account for over 40% of the variability in tweet rates. We build location-specific (i.e., a model per each metropolitan area) models that account for an average of 70% of the variability in tweet rates.
Preventive induction of labor: potential benefits if proved effective.

The cesarean delivery rate in the United States has risen from 5.5% in 1970 to reach its highest level yet of 30.2% in 2005,[1][1],[2][2] despite a Healthy People 2010 goal of 15% for the primary cesarean delivery rate.[3][3] In addition, primary cesarean deliveries, which accounted for 20.6% of all
The European City and Green Space: London, Stockholm, Helsinki and St. Petersburg, 1850–2000 – Edited by Peter Clark

The article reviews the book "The European City and Green Space: London, Stockholm, Helsinki and St. Petersburg, 1850-2000," edited by Peter Clark.
Regional organizations and the resolution of internal conflict: The ECOWAS intervention in Liberia

For over two years, the ECOWAS intervention in Liberia went through many difficult phases. Finally, on 24 July 1993, ECOWAS was able to negotiate the Cotonou Agreement, with the assistance of the UN and the OAU. By this agreement, the warring factions agreed to a ceasefire, the disarmament and encampment of their forces, the establishment of a transitional government in which they will participate, and free elections within a seven month period leading to the establishment of democratic government in Liberia. In spite of some sporadic violations, the ceasefire seems to be holding, and the transitional government is on the way to becoming operational. This article examines the roots of the Liberian conflict and evaluates the performance of the ECOWAS intervention. It suggests that there are lessons to be learned about the potential role of regional organizations in dealing with intrastate conflicts.
Flight Test Certification of Primary Category Aircraft Using TP101-41E Sportplane Design Standard

This article discusses certification standards, flight testing, and type certification of a primary category aircraft using the Transport Canada TP101-41E Ultra-Light Design Standard as the certification basis. For many years manufacturers maintained that certification standards were overly restrictive with regard to small aircraft of simple design, and therefore, restrict growth and innovation in the small airplane industry. Government agencies in conjunction with industry set forth to design a streamlined certification standard for these type aircraft. The primary category rule for type certification of aircraft of simple design intended for pleasure or personal use was adopted. Presented is an overview of certification and flight test of the Quicksilver GT 500 aircraft that was certified under the primary rule using the Transport Canada TP101-41E Ultra-Light Design Standard. Certification flight test plans and flight test techniques used to gather data are presented. Flight test data and compliance with TP101-41E are discussed. Noncompliant findings are discussed. The Quicksilver GT 500, the first aircraft certified in the primary category, was awarded a provisional-type certificate on August 1, 1993.
Scanning acoustic microscopy study of titanium–ceramic interface of dental restorations

Failures that occur in titanium-ceramic restorations are of concern in clinical dentistry. The purpose of this study was to nondestructively characterize the internal cracks and nonadherent defects at the titanium-porcelain interface using scanning acoustic microscopy. Titanium samples coated with porcelain without a bonding agent, with sputter coated palladium or chromium as an oxygen diffusion barrier on the titanium, and with the use of a porcelain bonding agent (control group) were compared. The scanning acoustic microscopy analyses were correlated with four-point bending test results. The group that was initially coated with palladium had fewer interfacial defects and a higher load to failure than the control group, and the group that did not contain the bonding agent had a higher void area and a lower load to failure than the control group. The use of chromium produced no differences from the control group. Samples after a four-point bending test were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy was not able to characterize interfacial defects at the fractured titanium-ceramic interface for some of the samples. The validity of nondestructive analysis at the Ti-ceramic interface using scanning acoustic microscopy was demonstrated in this study.
Movements of creek chubs, Semotilus atromaculatus, among habitat patches in a plains stream

– We studied summer movement patterns of creek chubs, Semotilus atromaculatus, in a low-gradient, sand-bottomed stream on the western plains of the United States. Creek chubs were highly associated with patches of cover consisting of wood or macrophytes. Movements among 37 patches in a 1.1-km segment were assessed in a mark-recapture study. Over 2-week intervals, 44% of recaptured fish changed patches. Net distances moved ranged from 4 to 606 m, median distance moved was 49 m. Of fish recaptured repeatedly during the four sampling periods, most (65%) changed patches at least once, but few were consistently mobile. Inter-patch distance was an important variable with a negative effect on creek chub movements. Inter-patch cover was less important, but had a positive effect on movements. Frequent, short-distance movements among habitat patches in summer are a component of the ecology of creek chubs and the spatial arrangement of patches, and intervening stream conditions appear to mediate those movements.
The Effect of Polymer Additives on Oil Recovery In Conventional Waterflooding

This paper discusses the results of a laboratory investigation utilizing water soluble polymer additives in conventional waterflooding. A conventional waterflood was conducted through each core utilizing a 50,000 ppm brine solution as the displacing medium. Also, a polymerflood was conducted through each core utilizing a 0.05% polymer solution as the displacing medium. The results of this investigation indicate that oil recovery at breakthrough and that ultimate oil recovery was increased when polymer solution was used as the displacing medium. Expressed as a percent of the original oil in place, the recovery at breakthrough ranged from 7.60 to 10.76% higher when compared with a conventional waterflood. Increased oil recovery after 2.5 pore volumes of fluid were injected ranged from 3.3 to 10.0%. It was concluded from this investigation that increased oil recovery was a result of the viscosity effect of the polymer additive.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mediastinum With Unknown Primary Tumor

Although metastatic carcinoma from an unknown primary tumor is known to occur, the combination of squamous cell carcinoma histologic findings and a mediastinal location is quite unusual. The evaluation of a case of a patient with a posterior mediastinal mass, eventually shown to be metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the mediastinum with unknown primary tumor, is described herein. Resection of the lymph node mass was performed and was followed by chemoradiation for presumed lung cancer.
Utilization by the rat of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in sterile concentrated milk stabilized with polyphosphates.

Abstract The effects of processing and addition of polyphosphates upon the nutritive value of ultra high-temperature short-time sterilized concentrated milks were investigated. Diets containing 9% protein from spray-dried whole milk, or from sterile concentrated milks with and without 0.2% polyphosphate additives, were fed in growth restricting amounts to weanling rats in a reversal experiment. Food intake, fecal and urinary loss were determined for nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. Analysis of variance indicated that no significant difference in protein quality exists between the various milks tested as assessed by biological value or by true and apparent digestibility of nitrogen. The retention of phosphorus and calcium was not appreciably affected by addition of polyphosphates to sterile milk concentrates, but the apparent absorption of both minerals was significantly higher. Magnesium from the spray-dried whole milk diet was absorbed to a significantly greater extent than was magnesium from only one of the ultra high-temperature short-time sterile concentrated milk diets containing polyphosphates. It is possible to conclude that young growing rats are able to utilize the phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and proteins of sterile concentrated milks containing polyphosphates as well as do rats fed spray-dried whole milk or concentrated milk without added polyphosphates.
Panel on the Impact of Changing Computer Technology on Nuclear and Particle Physics

The large spectrometers which will play a major role at ISABELLE, with their many thousands of detector elements, can be expected to generate copious amounts of data. Considering also that some experiments may generate events at rates as high as 10/sup 6/ per second readily leads one to the conclusion that the data handling problems to be faced at ISABELLE will be quite formidable. In order to provide a basis for generating an appropriate model for computing at ISABELLE, the data handling group examined the needs of several possible detectors during the course of the 1978 summer study. The five devices chosen for study were small-angle detector, lepton detector, wide-angle detector, axial-field spectrometer, and large-aperture dipole spectrometer. Because of the high event rates, the process of selecting the events for full analysis occurs in several stages, with more time available in consecutive stages as the amount of data being handled decreases. It seems feasible to construct special function processors to act as triggers for fairly simple geometries. It is an open question as to the degree of generality which can be achieved with this approach. (RWR)
The impact of two gall-forming arthropods on the photosynthetic rates of their hosts

The impact of herbivores on host plant photosynthetic rates can range from negative to positive. While defoliation by chewing herbivores can result in increases in photosynthesis followed by compensatory growth, other herbivore guilds, such as mesophyll feeders which damage photosynthetic leaf tissues, almost always reduce photosynthetic rates. The impact of galling herbivores on host photosynthesis has rarely been examined, even though the limited tissue disruption and the strong metabolic sinks induced by gall-forming herbivores could potentially stimulate photosynthetic rates. I examined the hypothesis that gall-inducing herbivores could stimulate photosynthesis in neighboring leaves in response to increased sink-demand by the gall. To address this hypothesis, I measured photosynthetic rates of galled leaves or leaflets, neighboring ungalled leaves or leaflets, and ungalled leaves or leaflets on ungalled shoots on naturally growing Prunus serotina (wild cherry) and Rhus glabra (smooth sumac). The leaves of wild cherry were galled by an eriophyid mite, Phytoptus cerasicrumena; the leaves of smooth sumac by an aphid, Melaphis rhois. I found that both species reduced the photosynthetic rates of the leaves or leaflets they galled from 24 to 52% compared to ungalled leaves in ungalled areas of the plants. Contrary to my hypothesis, mite galls on wild cherry reduced photosynthesis of neighboring ungalled leaves within the same shoot by 24% compared to ungalled leaves on gall-free shoots. Aphid galls on sumac leaflets did not significantly alter the photosynthetic rates of neighboring leaflets relative to ungalled leaves on ungalled shoots. Although gall-formers would appear to have the potential to stimulate photosynthesis in the same manner as defoliating herbivores, i.e., by increasing sink demand relative to source supply, I found only negative impacts on photosynthesis. I suggest that sink competition for nutrients between developing leaves and growing gall tissue may account for the negative impacts of sink-inducing gallers on photosynthesis.
Modeling of Covalent Bonding in Solids by Inversion of Cohesive Energy Curves.

We provide a systematic test of empirical theories of covalent bonding in solids using an exact procedure to invert ab initio cohesive energy curves. By considering multiple structures of the same material, it is possible for the first time to test competing angular functions, expose inconsistencies in the basic assumption of a cluster expansion, and extract general features of covalent bonding. We test our methods on silicon, and provide direct evidence that the Tersoff-type bond-order formalism correctly describes coordination dependence. For bond-bending forces, we obtain skewed angular functions that favor small angles, unlike existing models. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we derive a Si interatomic potential which exhibits comparable accuracy to existing models.
Chemical characteristics of fractionated humic acids associated with marine sediments

Abstract Humic acids were fractionated on the basis of molecular weight ranges by using a column chromatographic technique with different grades of Sephadex gels. Further studies on these fractions suggest that the major oxygen-containing functional groups are concentrated on the low molecular weight fractions. The C/H ratios increase with the increasing molecular weight.
The relation of individuation and psychosocial development.

In this study, the authors examined gender differences in levels of individuation, the relation of individuation and psychosocial development, and whether this relation is of a curvilinear nature. Two hundred and twenty-four students completed the Measure of Psychosocial Development (G. A. Hawley, 1988), the Level of Differentiation of Self Scale (LDSS ; J. Haber, 1990a), and the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire, Version C (J. H. Bray & D. M. Harvey, 1987). The authors used a general linear models procedure to examine the hypothesis. A positive relation between individuation and the psychosocial resolution of identity and intimacy was demonstrated. Curvilinearity was found in the relation between the LDSS measure of individuation and identity. Results support C. Gilligan's (1982) argument that gender differences exist in the developmental patterns.
Comparison of scanning probe microscopies with RBS and SEM/EDX for the analysis of RuO2, TiO2 composites

, TiO2) mixed oxide thin films. A digital processing of the images leads to a bipolar distribution of values of current that reflects the difference in conductivity of metallic RuO2 and semiconducting TiO2. The analytical results are compared with those from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and energy dispersive X-ray imaging on these samples. STM, with digital processing of the current mapping image, shows promises for developing into a chemically sensitive probe of composite materials with nanometer spatial resolution.
The stability of thin tellurium and tellurium alloy films for optical data storage: II☆

The chemical and physical degradation and the effects of the substrate and a low surface energy subbing layer on the stability of thin tellurium and tellurium alloy films for optical data storage are reported. Chemically, thin tellurium films degrade mainly through the uniform oxidation of tellurium to TeO2. In addition, localized degradation occurs at regions where initial defects on the substrate are present. Thin tellurium and tellurium alloy films can also degrade physically through crystal growth for an initially polycrystalline film and phase transformation for an initially amorphous film. While no significant difference in the uniform degradation rate is observed between films deposited onto poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and those deposited onto glass substrates, more localized degradation is detected for the films deposited onto PMMA substrates because of the higher initial defects of the substrate. The presence of a low surface energy subbing layer tends to degrade both the chemical and physical stability of these films. The degradation in the chemical stability is attributed to the change in the microstructure or thickness of the film due to the presence of the low surface energy subbing layer.
628 SEQUESTRATION OF IRON IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN SKELETAL MUSCLES OF PATIENTS WITH MYOSITIS

Vitamin E deficiency in rabbits causes iron deficient erythropoiesis, severe myopathy and abnormal sequestration of iron in skeletal muscle. We have demonstrated that iron is sequestered as ferritin in macrophages. Our further study also demonstrated that iron is also sequestered as ferritin in macrophages in skeletal muscle of experimental ischemic myopathy. Human muscles were evaluated in this study for possible sequestration of ferritin in infiltrating macrophages. The muscle biopsy specimens were rapidly frozen in isopentane cooled to -160° C with liquid nitrogen and stored at -70° C. Sections of 6μm thickness were cut in cryostat. Localization of ferritin was studied by an immunoperoxidase method. Rabbit anti-ferritin antibody conjugated with peroxidase (Accurate Chemical and Scientific Co.) was used to bind the tissue ferritin and consequently produced a red brownish end product from 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole. We observed no ferritin in muscle cells but abundant staining of ferritin in mononuclear cells infiltrating muscle of myositis patients. Normal muscle stains minimally, usually at perivascular areas. This study suggested that similar iron sequestration as ferritin in macrophages probably also exists in the muscles of patients with myositis as in the rabbits. (Supported in part by a grant from Fleur de Lis Fund and Donald Ogle Fund)
Listening to the Land: Somewhere Between Religion and Science

Listening to the Land: Somewhere Between Religion and Science DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v32i6_box
Chest pain with angiographic clear coronary arteries: A provider's approach to cardiac syndrome X.

Purpose: To present information about cardiac syndrome X (CSX) including its (a) definition, (b) etiology and pathology, (c) epidemiology, (d) symptomatology, (e) diagnosis, (f) treatment, and (g) prognosis. Clinical recommendations will also be presented. Data sources: Articles used in this review were found by searching CINAHL, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science (ISI), Academic Search Premier, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. Conclusions: The causes of CSX remain unknown; however, CSX is easy to diagnose and can be treated. Medication therapy and risk factor modification can greatly improve the quality of life by decreasing pain occurrence and lessening pain intensity. Implications for practice: Too often, providers reassure patients of a healthy heart because of normal coronary arteries despite persistent chest pain and ST segment changes on the electrocardiogram. Chest pain, one of the primary signs and symptoms of CSX, can be reduced through common medications and interventions if the diagnosis of CSX is initiated.
N- and C-terminal amino acids of purified α-actinin

Abstract Highly purified bovine cardiac α-actinin is obtained by successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite of a crude fraction obtained by salting out low ionic strength extracts of bovine cardiac muscle between 0 and 30% ammonium sulfate saturation. Hydroxyapatite chromatography removes a 43 000-dalton polypeptide chain that is difficult to remove by successive DEAE-cellulose columns. Removal of all 43 000-dalton material by hydroxyapatite chromatography is accompanied by disappearance of a very small 9 to 10 S boundary in analytical ultracentrifuge diagrams of DEAE-cellulose-purified 6.2S α-actinin. Approximately 95% of the protein in DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite-purified α-actinin is the 100 000-dalton α-actinin polypeptide as estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified bovine cardiac, porcine skeletal, chicken gizzard, and chicken breast α-actinins all contain leucine as the C-terminal amino acid of both polypeptide chains in the α-actinin molecule. Bovine cardiac and porcine skeletal α-actinins contain arginine as the amino acid penultimate to C-terminal leucine. None of the four different α-actinins studied had a N-terminal amino group available for reaction with dansyl chloride, but all four α-actinins contained 1.6 to 1.8 acetate residues per molecule (200 000 daltons) of α-actinin. It seems likely that the N-terminal amino groups of both polypeptide chains in these four α-actinins are acetylated. A peptide having the composition N-Ac-Asp 2 -Glu 4 was isolated from a proteolytic digest of bovine cardiac α-actinin. α-Actinin seems to be a conserved protein molecule found in many different motile systems.
Electronic structure, phase stability, and semimetal-semiconductor transitions in Bi

The structural stability of bulk Bi is studied using the local-density full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method. The effect of both the trigonal shear angle and internal displacement on the electronic structure is determined. It is shown that the internal displacement changes the Bi electronic structure from a metal to a semimetal, in qualitative agreement with a Jones-Peierls-type transition. The total energy is calculated to have a double-well dependence on the internal displacement, and to provide a stabilization of the trigonal phase. We show that an increase of trigonal shear angle (towards the cubic value of $60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$ leads to a semimetal-semiconductor transition in Bi. Using coherency strain arising from a film/substrate lattice constant mismatch, this may provide a way to induce semiconducting behavior in Bi films, and with it to control their thermoelectric properties.
Effect of Composition on Superconducting Properties in the System Ba‐Y‐Gd‐Cu‐O

This paper reports the superconducting properties of a solid-solution region in the Ba-Y-Gd-Cu-O system were investigated as a function of composition. Phase relations, the peritectic decomposition temperature, the superconducting onset temperature (T[sub c]), and the transport current density (J[sub c]) were measured. The highest T[sub c] and J[sub c] are observed along the line between the stoichiometric Ba[sub 2]YCu[sub 3]O[sub 6 + x] and Ba[sub 2]GdCu[sub 3]O[sub 6 + x] compositions.
A model for continuous production control with warning signals to fault occurrences.

The advance of computer, automation and control technology has led to the adoption of continuous control and monitoring of production processes in high technology industries. By monitoring the state of the production process continuously, occurrence of any faults in the production process can be identified with zero or negligible detection delay. As a result, the costs of defective products, loss in yield and restoration are minimized. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the continuous monitoring system could result in very frequent repair and maintenance of the process, causing frequent disruptions of production. This paper addresses the question of the determination of the optimal level at which warning signals should be given of fault occurrences in a production system that is continuously monitored. A model is developed from which the expected total costs per time unit can be derived. A numerical example illustrates the determination of the optimal warning level under this framework.
Gravel bed storage analysis for heat pump systems

Abstract The storage of solar heat in the earth beneath a building, using an air flow gravel bed heat exchanger to supply a heat pump, is analyzed. A simulation of annual performance is demonstrated, using a transient analysis to model heat flow ambients to and from the gravel bed, combined with iterative steady state approximations for the more slowly varying heat losses through the large thermal mass of soil. A cost analysis example is solved. Gravel bed heat exchangers are one means to provide large (seasonal) heat storage capacity for solar installations in new buildings at relatively low cost and without added space requirements.
Contingent self-importance among pathological narcissists: Evidence from an implicit task

Pathological narcissists are thought to hold unstable, contingent views of their self-importance. They harbor grandiose fantasies about the self, but are vulnerable and hypersensitive as well. The present study (N = 84) sought to provide evidence for this important set of clinical ideas. Following a manipulation priming dominant versus submissive self-views, a task developed to assess implicit self-importance of an interpersonal type was administered. As hypothesized, the manipulation and levels of pathological narcissism interacted to predict implicit self-importance. Implicit self-importance scores were unaffected by the priming manipulation at low levels of pathological narcissism, but were strongly affected at high levels of pathological narcissism. These results support clinical intuitions concerning pathological narcissism.
Representations, Predictions, and Remembrances in CHARM: A Reply to Lindsay (1991)

Lindsay (1991), in his comment CHARMed, but not Convinced: Comment on Metcalfe (1990), acknowledged that distributed models of human memory using the construct of a composite memory trace, such as the Composite Holographic Associative Recall Model (CHARM), are able to account for most of the findings within the eyewitness-testimony paradigm. Despite this success, Lindsay found CHARM to be of limited usefulness as a model of eyewitness suggestibility. The reasons stated for this peculiar conclusion are discussed in this rebuttal. Lindsay (1991) noted that research on eyewitness testimony has been fraught with controversy and seemingly contradictory results. Loftus and her colleagues (e.g., Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978) have found that misleading suggestions give rise to impaired memory on event details. But other researchers (McCloskey & Zaragoza, 1985) using a Modified Test have found no apparent memory decrement. In addition, a variety of other experimental variants of the basic paradigm have produced seemingly conflicting findinp. Such a situation cries out for rigorous formal modeling to allow integration and reconciliation of the results. Models may also provide new predictions and questions about the nuances of human memory, nuances that may be especially important in such a socially relevant paradigm. Lindsay appreciated many of the interesting characteristics of the Composite Holographic Associative Recall Model (CHARM), as it was applied to the domain of eyewitness testimony. For example, he said that this research "is valuable for a number of reasons. CHARM'S interactive nature, use of composite storage, and success at simulating a variety of memory phenomena... make it an appealing model. At a more specific level, this work helps to integrate the suggestibility literature into the broader context of contemporary theoretical approaches to memory and cognition. This is important because discussions of suggestibility have sometimes been theoretically naive. Most important, CHARM demonstrates a formal mechanism by which suggestions could impair ability to remember event details without affecting performance on the Modified Test" (Lindsay, 1991, p. 102). These and other laudatory comments, though, belie his dissatisfaction with the model. Lindsay's reservations centered around four major points. First, he thought that the prototype, or family-resemblance, type of representation that is used to represent category names in the model is incorrect and that category names must rather be represented as nodes in a hierarchical structure. Second, he thought that the model makes a prediction that disagrees with his intuitions about what would happen in a particular
Absolute intensity measurements for the 2·7 μ band of water vapor in a shock tube☆

The apparent spectral absorption coefficients of the H_20 infrared bands in the vicinity of 2·7 µ were measured in a shock tube behind reflected shock waves in an Ar-H_20 mixture. By interrupting an infrared beam at a 60 kc rate and projecting this beam across the shock tube to a monochromator, it was possible to measure simultaneously both emission and absorption of H_20 at 1000°K. The spectral absorption coefficients obtained from emission measurements averaged 9·8 per cent higher than absorption coefficients obtained from absorption measurements, probably due to experimental errors (smaller than usually encountered in shock tube measurements). At 1933°K experimental difficulties precluded simultaneous measurement of infrared emission and absorption, so measurements were restricted to emission. The apparent absorption coefficients were integrated to give the integrated absorption coefficients for the collection of bands near 2·7 µ. Integrated absorption coefficients were 49·8 cm^(-2) atm^(-1), 54·7 cm^(-2) atm^(-1), and 31·6 cm^(-2) atm^(-1) for absorption at 1000°K, emission at 1000°K, and emission at 1933°K, respectively. The two values at 1000°K were in good agreement with those of Goldstein, who made no measurements above this temperature.
Automation of PE recruiting process

Our web-based PE Recruiting System assists the athletic department in keeping track of potential recruits. It consists of two parts: a recruit site and a coach site. The recruit site allows recruits to create accounts and profiles, obtain campus visit information, and contact coaches. The coach site supports managing recruit data, sending email/letter, logging telephone calls, maintaining coach to-do lists and handling admission referrals.
Lower Prices: The Impact of Majoritarian Systems in Democracies Around the World

Recent theoretical work has proposed that majoritarian electoral systems, by creating incentives for legislators to favor the interests of consumers over producers, should lead to more consumer-friendly and procompetitive regulatory policies and hence to lower real price levels. Empirical analysis confirming this effect has so far been confined to OECD democracies, but there are reasons to believe that, due to differences in state capacity and consumer-producer preferences, the same price effects might not obtain—or might even be reversed—in less economically developed democracies. Using a generalized estimating equation approach, we find that the expected relationship indeed holds in all democracies worldwide between 1972 and 2000. The marginal long-run price level in majoritarian systems is estimated to be lower by over 10%.