cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Non-Intrusive Direct V2V Charge Sharing Coordination

Direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charge sharing system has the potential to provide more flexibility to electric vehicle (EV) charging without depending on the charging station infrastructure or building designated parking lots. It can also provide an opportunity to shift peak time utility load to off-peak times. However, the assignment between the EVs that demand energy and the EVs with surplus energy or existing charging stations is a challenging problem as it has to be performed in real time considering their spatio-temporal distribution, availability, and grid load. In this paper, we study this assignment problem specifically in a supplier non-intrusive scenario (without changing their mobility) and aim to understand the potential benefits of a direct V2V charge sharing system. To this end, we present two new algorithms to match the demander EVs to suppliers for charging. In the first one, the maximum system benefit is targeted under multiple system objectives with different priorities and considering the grid load. In the second one, individual EV priorities are taken into account and a stable matching process depending on predefined user preferences is provided. We conduct extensive simulations using real user commuting patterns and existing charging station locations in three different cities together with a newly developed probabilistic EV charging behavior model and EV mobility. Simulation results show that direct V2V charge sharing can reduce the energy consumption of EVs by 20%–35% by providing a closer charging facility compared to the charging station only case, offload grid charging power in peak times by 35%–55%, and help sustain up to 2.2× EV charging requests without building new charging infrastructure, while causing a marginal increase (i.e., 3%–9%) in the energy cycling of supplier EVs. The results also show that the proposed matching algorithms offer 80%–90% more energy consumption reduction compared to the intrusive V2V charging at designated parking lots.
The Winding Path toward Research-Informed Teaching Practices

The idea of using research from cognitive science to make informed decisions about teaching choices often arises in papers and in chemistry education discussions, and in discussions of any area of teaching and learning. At the same time, the continuous growth of what is known about human cognition and how to best advance student learning may present difficult or even conflicting choices. For example, recent replication work has called into question prior research about note-taking using computers that had provided many instructors with guidance about whether or not to allow computers in their classroom. The need to adapt teaching choices to account for new results is always a possibility with research-informed teaching practices because research usually does not provide a clear and indisputably correct direction. Thus, the path taken when using research-based strategies may not always be a straight one for continuous improvement of teaching and learning, but it is arguably a more fruitful pathway than not...
Surface morphology and inner fractal cutoff scale of spherical turbulent premixed flames in decaying isotropic turbulence

Abstract The surface of turbulent premixed flames is fractal within a finite range of scales and the fractal dimension and inner cutoff scale are key components of fractal turbulent combustion closures. In such closures, the estimate for the surface area is sensitive to the value of the inner fractal cutoff scale, whose modeling remains unclear and for which both experimental and numerical contradictory evidence exists. In this work, we analyze data from six direct numerical simulations of spherically expanding turbulent premixed flames at varying Reynolds and Karlovitz numbers. The flames propagate in decaying isotropic turbulence and fall in the flamelet regime. Past an initial transient, we find that the fractal dimension reaches an asymptotic value between 2.3 and 2.4 in good agreement with previous results at similar conditions. A minor dependence of the fractal dimension on the Reynolds and Karlovitz numbers is observed and explained by the relatively low values of the Reynolds number and narrow inertial and fractal ranges. The inner fractal cutoff scale Δ* is found to scale as Δ * / l ∼ Re λ − 1.14 , where l is the integral scale of turbulence and Reλ is the Reynolds number based on the Taylor micro-scale computed in the turbulence on the reactants’ side. The scaling is robust and insensitive to the Karlovitz number over the range of values considered in this study. An important implication is that the ratio Δ*/η grows with Reynolds number (η is the Kolmogorov scale), albeit at a rather slow rate that may explain the widespread observation that 4 ≤ Δ*/η ≤ 10. This suggests that Δ*, although smaller than λ, is not a dissipative length scale for the flame surface and scaled solely by η. Finally, a dissipative threshold scale that remains constant once normalized by η is identified.
Differential localization of cell wall polymers across generations in the placenta of Marchantia polymorpha.

To further knowledge on cell wall composition in early land plants, we localized cell wall constituents in placental cells of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in the transmission electron microscope and histochemical staining. The placenta of M. polymorpha is similar to the majority of bryophytes in that both generations contain transfer cells with extensive wall ingrowths. Although the four major cell wall polymers, i.e., cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and arabinogalactan proteins, are present, there are variations in the richness and specificity across generations. An abundance of homogalacturonan pectins in all placental cell walls is consistent with maintaining cell wall permeability and an acidic apoplastic pH necessary for solute transport. Although similar in ultrastructure, transfer cell walls on the sporophyte side in M. polymorpha are enriched with xyloglucans and diverse AGPs not detected on the gametophyte side of the placenta. Gametophyte wall ingrowths are more uniform in polymer composition. Lastly, extensins and callose are not components of transfer cell walls of M. polymorpha, which deviates from studies on transfer cells in other plants. The difference in polymer localizations in transfer cell walls between generations is consistent with directional movement from gametophyte to sporophyte in this liverwort.
CXCR4 signaling at the fetal-maternal interface may drive inflammation and syncytia formation during ovine pregnancy†.

Early pregnancy features complex signaling between fetal trophoblast cells and maternal endometrium directing major peri-implantation events including localized inflammation and remodeling to establish proper placental development. Pro-inflammatory mediators are important for conceptus attachment, but a more precise understanding of molecular pathways regulating this process is needed to understand how the endometrium becomes receptive to implantation. Both chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 are expressed by fetal and maternal tissues. We identified this pair as a critical driver of placental angiogenesis, but their additional importance to inflammation and trophoblast cell survival, proliferation, and invasion imply a role in syncytia formation at the fetal-maternal microenvironment. We hypothesized that CXCL12 encourages both endometrial inflammation and conceptus attachment during implantation. We employed separate ovine studies to 1) characterize endometrial inflammation during early gestation in the ewe, and 2) establish functional implications of CXCL12 at the fetal-maternal interface through targeted intrauterine infusion of the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100. Endometrial tissues were evaluated for inflammatory mediators, intracellular signaling events, endometrial modifications, and trophoblast syncytialization using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Endometrial tissue from ewes receiving CXCR4 inhibitor demonstrated dysregulated inflammation and reduced AKT and NFKB, paired with elevated autophagic activity compared to control. Immunohistochemical observation revealed an impairment in endometrial surface remodeling and diminished trophoblast syncytialization following localized CXCR4 inhibition. These data suggest CXCL12-CXCR4 regulates endometrial inflammation and remodeling for embryonic implantation, and provide insight regarding mechanisms that, when dysregulated, lead to pregnancy pathologies such as intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia.
Single crystalline InGaAs nanopillar grown on polysilicon with dimensions beyond the substrate grain size limit.

Monolithic integration of III–V optoelectronic devices with materials for various functionalities inexpensively is always desirable. Polysilicon (poly-Si) is an ideal platform because it is dopable and semiconducting, and can be deposited and patterned easily on a wide range of low cost substrates. However, the lack of crystalline coherency in poly-Si poses an immense challenge for high-quality epitaxial growth. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, direct growth of micrometer-sized InGaAs/GaAs nanopillars on polysilicon. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the micrometer-sized pillars are single-crystalline with pure wurzite-phase, far exceeding the substrate crystal grain size ∼100 nm. The high quality growth is enabled by the unique tapering geometry at the base of the nanostructure, which reduces the effective InGaAs/Si contact area to <40 nm in diameter. The small footprint not only reduces stress due to lattice mismatch but also prevents the nanopillar from nucleating on multiple...
Trio-binned genomes of the woodrats Neotoma bryanti and N. lepida reveal novel gene islands and rapid copy number evolution of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome p450 genes

Abstract The genomic architecture underlying the origins and maintenance of biodiversity is an increasingly accessible feature of species, due in large part to third-generation sequencing and novel analytical toolsets. Woodrats of the genus Neotoma provide a unique opportunity to study how vertebrate herbivores respond to climate change, as two sister species (N. bryanti and N. lepida) independently achieved a major dietary feat – switching to the novel and toxic food source creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) – in the aftermath of a natural warming event. To better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying this ability, we employed a trio binning sequencing approach with a N. bryanti × N. lepida F1 hybrid, resulting in phased, chromosome-level, highly complete, haploid genome assemblies for each species from one individual. Using these new assemblies, we explored the genomic architecture of three cytochrome p450 subfamilies (2A, 2B, and 3A) that play key roles in the metabolism of naturally occurring toxic dietary compounds. We found that woodrats show expansions of all three p450 gene families, including the evolution of multiple novel gene islands within the 2B and 3A subfamilies. Our assemblies demonstrate that trio binning from an F1 hybrid rodent effectively recovers parental genomes from species that diverged more than a million years ago. Turnover and novelty in detoxification gene islands in herbivores is widespread within distinct p450 subfamilies, and may have provided the crucial substrate for dietary adaptation during environmental change.
Teaching about Heterogeneous Computing

CS faculty have spent the last several years adding parallel computing to their curricula since essentially all processors sold today have multiple cores. A typical target system is a multicore processor with identical cores. This is currently the main configuration for desktop and laptop systems, but the technology continues to evolve and systems are incorporating several kinds of heterogeneity. Many phone processors include cores of different sizes, with high-performance "fat cores" and lower-performance "thin cores", allowing the phone to vary its power and performance profile over time. Other processors incorporate low-power modes or special instructions for specialized computations. Meanwhile, high-end systems make heavy use of accelerators such as graphics cards. We are at a stage where heterogeneous computing concepts should pervade the curriculum rather than being limited to upper-level courses. In this workshop, we present modules to incorporate heterogeneous computing into core CS courses taken by all majors (e.g. CS 1, CS 2, Computer Organization). Attendees will have time to work through lab exercises and assignments associated with the modules while we assist. We will provide post-workshop support for instructors interested in adopting the modules. In addition, we will solicit feedback from them to help guide our future module development.
Reduced tissue colonization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in neonatal calves vaccinated with a cocktail of recombinant proteins.

Abstract An increasing prevalence of paratuberculosis supports the need for new efficacious vaccines as an essential management tool. Two separate studies were performed in neonatal calves to evaluate the effectiveness of pooled recombinant Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) proteins (MAP1087, MAP1204, MAP1272c, MAP2077c) as a potential vaccine. In the first study vaccinated calves were immunized with 400 µg protein cocktail per dose, whereas the second study compared doses of 400 µg and 800 µg of protein cocktail, followed by challenge with live MAP for both vaccinated and nonvaccinated control calves 28 days post-vaccination. At the end of 12 months, tissue colonization with MAP was significantly reduced for the vaccinated calves compared to control animals. A higher dose of vaccine improved protection, with further reductions of MAP burden. Antigen-specific IFN-γ responses and serum antibody responses were similar regardless of vaccination, indicating exposure to MAP invoked conventional host immune responses. Host immunity differed due to vaccination, resulting in increased percentages of CD4+ T cells and B cells after stimulation of PBMCs with antigen. Interestingly, gene expression in PBMCs was similar for both control and vaccinated calves except for significant increases in IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-17 expression observed in vaccinated calves. Vaccination with a cocktail of immunogenic recombinant MAP proteins was efficacious in reducing the level of infection and fecal shedding of neonatal calves and may be a potential tool for curtailing the spread of Johne’s disease.
Mixed High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Villous Adenoma in the Duodenum: A First Case Report

Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) represents a rare diagnosis in the gastrointestinal tract. Only a few cases of MiNEN occurring in the small bowel had been previously reported. Here we report the first case of mixed high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with villous adenoma arising in the duodenum. The patient is an 87-year-old female who presented for management of a 3.4 cm polypoid-like duodenal mass that was noted on a prior abdominal CT scan. PET scan showed intense uptake within the second portion of the duodenum consistent with a neoplasm. A biopsy previously performed showed tubulovillous adenoma. The patient had a remote history of breast cancer. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed which showed fungating mass occupying 50% of the duodenal lumen and polypectomy was done. Grossly, the duodenal mass appeared as a pink-tan polypoid fragment of tissue. Microscopically, a villous adenoma is seen with focal area of high-grade dysplasia. Admixed with the villous adenoma, there are sheets of homogeneous small cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear molding, high mitotic activity, and finely granular chromatin which stained positive for synaptophysin, CD56, CAM5.2, and CK8/18 while stained negative for chromogranin A, CK7, CK20, and CDX2. These findings support the diagnosis of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in a background of villous adenoma. We report a first case of mixed high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with villous adenoma arising from the duodenum. [N A J Med Sci. 2021;1(1):004-007. DOI: 10.7156/najms.2021.1401004]
Challenges and Limitations of Geospatial Data and Analyses in the Context of COVID-19

The global COVID-19 pandemic has infected public consciousness with a new appreciation of geospatial analyses in public health. Not since John Snow’s 1854 cholera map of London has a public health crisis brought so much attention to geospatial data, and their importance to understanding, predicting, and preventing the spread of disease. Although high profile models and visualization dashboards of COVID-19 have increased awareness of geospatial data and analytics in public health, they have also amplified concerns regarding data issues, including questions of reproducibility and replicability (R&R), provenance, scale of analysis, fitness for use, trust, privacy, and uncertainty. The following chapter sections discuss these data issues and their implications for decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic. R&R and provenance—Many complex geospatial R&R issues can be simplified by a focus on who has (or should have) access to associated geospatial provenance information which is here defined. Human mobility data—Non-traditional data sources, such as social media, can augment official reporting sources and provide insight into mobility and social distancing behaviors. We discuss how to incorporate human mobility data selectively, while maintaining anonymity, with official data sources during emergency situations. Scales of analysis—Although several models and geo-visualization tools are providing information about disease spread based on mobility, network connectivity, and/or socio-economic conditions, these models and tools rarely shed light about the impact of the spatial scale at which data are available and models are implemented. The widely adopted practice in the U.S. of mapping data to counties may provide false impressions to policy makers and the public regarding the locations at greatest and least risk. Given the dynamic nature of the disease, temporal scale is also crucial to understanding the implications of models. Understanding uncertainty in projection models—A key issue in infectious disease epidemiological models is the characterization and quantification of uncertainty in predictions. Uncertainties come from assumptions on model parameters, model estimation, and both systematic and random uncertainties from input data, including temporal lags in reporting. Model choice may add to overall uncertainties in the predicted numbers. Since these forecasts have an immense impact on public health policy and individual risk-based decision making, it is paramount to understand and convey the sources and nature of uncertainties.
Political Protest and Civil Disobedience

Political protest refers to a multitude of methods used by individuals and groups within a political system to express their dissatisfaction with the status quo. Although protest can be registered through voting, letter writing, campaign contributions, participation in interest groups and political parties, and other traditional means, the term more commonly refers to those kinds of mass political activism that occur outside of conventional parliamentary channels, such as demonstrations and marches, labor stoppages, boycotts, and other methods that combine communication and persuasion, direct action, and noncooperation with political, economic, and social institutions.
Illustrated Pathology of the Bone Marrow: Post-therapy bone marrow changes

Introduction A variety of therapy regimens and toxin exposures can cause bone marrow changes. Post-therapy evaluation of the marrow may be useful to evaluate for residual disease, to assess the degree of marrow ablation, or to look for signs of marrow recovery. While proper marrow evaluation after therapy in individual patients requires knowledge of the type of prior therapy and original disease, some changes after therapy are common to all cases and vary primarily by the degree of marrow ablation. General marrow changes after myeloablative therapy There are many similarities in the marrow findings following high-dose chemotherapy or combined chemotherapy and radiation, as is often used in preparation for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and even after toxin or drug injuries to the marrow (Sale & Buckner 1988; van den Berg et al ., 1989, 1990; Michelson et al ., 1993; Wilkins et al ., 1993). Common bone marrow changes after myeloablative therapy are summarized in Table 14.1. In the first week after the most severe types of injuries, the marrow shows complete aplasia with a complete or near-complete absence of normal hematopoietic elements and marrow fat. There is marked edema with dilated marrow sinuses, intramedullary hemorrhages, and scattered stromal cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The histiocytes may contain cellular remnants, and fibrinoid necrosis may be prominent. Zonal areas of tumor necrosis may also be present, although myeloablative therapy is often given in the absence of prior marrow disease.
Qualitative approach to analyzing neural network dynamics

Today neural networks is being adopted as an alternate method of solving complex patternrecognition/classification problems. Information regarding performance measure is critical in evaluatingthe capacity ofthis system in performing recognition/classification tasks. Currently this information isobtained using unstandardized empirical techniques. This study will attempt to device a methodicalprocedure to qualitatively predict the performance measure ofall neural network recognition classificationsystems governed by a set ofordinary differential equations. The determination ofthis characteristic willbe made through the use of specific analytic methods in mathematics. DynaITuca! system can therefore bequalitatively analyzed, and issues regarding existence ofparasitic limit points can be more effectivelyaddressed.
Microsomal lipid peroxidation. I. Characterization of the role of iron and NADPH

The NADPH/iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids in rat liver microsomes was found to depend on the presence of free ferrous iron. High concentrations of Fe2+ initiated microsomal lipid peroxidation at an initial rate which was independent of NADPH. With Fe3+, lower Fe2+ concentrations, or longer incubation times, NADPH stimulated microsomal lipid peroxidation and this stimulation was blocked by cytochrome c, which is capable of accepting electrons from the microsomal NADPH—cytochrome P-450 reductase. NADPH did not induce peroxidation in the absence of iron, nor did ferric iron in the absence of NADPH. Thus the role of NADPH appears to be maintenance of iron in the reduced Fe2+ state. The presence of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or the hydroxyl radical scavengers ethanol or thiourea had little or no effect on the iron-initiated peroxidation, ruling out dependence on reduced states of oxygen. Complete chelation of iron by EDTA completely inhibited peroxidation and no stimulation by either EDTA or ADP was observed over the peroxidation produced by free iron alone. Preincubation of microsomes in the absence of iron did not enhance the rate of peroxidation upon subsequent addition of iron, suggesting that iron acts by initiating peroxidative decomposition of membrane lipids rather than by catalyzing the breakdown of preformed hydroperoxides. Liposomes of extracted microsomal lipid also underwent peroxidation in the presence of ferrous iron at a rate comparable to that of intact microsomes. Ascorbate stimulated iron-induced liposomal peroxidation but had no effect in the absence of iron. Hydrogen peroxide did not enhance iron-induced liposomal peroxidation and inhibited at high concentrations, ruling out a role for hydroxyl radicals produced by reduction of H2O2 by Fe2+.
Estimation of Nakagami fading channel parameters with application to optimized transmitter diversity systems

An optimum power loading algorithm for transmitter diversity systems over correlated and unbalanced Nakagami (1960) paths and its performance evaluation under perfect channel estimation conditions are derived. In addition, various on-line estimators of the required Nakagami channel parameters for optimized power loading and the comparison of their mean square error via Monte Carlo simulations are presented. These estimators are used to obtain the performance of optimized transmitter diversity systems under imperfect channel estimation (ICE). These numerical results show that the diversity gain achieved by these optimized systems increases as the severity of fading decreases and as the degree of branch unbalance increases even under ICE. On the other hand, in weakly correlated and/or unbalanced branches, optimized transmitter diversity systems offer negligible gain or even losses compared to unoptimized systems because of the ICE.
Bacterial Wilt of Cucurbits: Resurrecting a Classic Pathosystem

Bacterial wilt threatens cucurbit crop production in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. The pathogen, Erwinia tracheiphila, is a xylem-limited bacterium that affects most commercially important cucurbit species, including muskmelon, cucumber, and squash. Bacterial wilt is transmitted and overwintered by striped and spotted cucumber beetles. Since there are few commercially available resistant cultivars, disease management usually relies on use of insecticides to suppress vector populations. Although bacterial wilt was initially described more than 100 years ago, our knowledge of disease ecology and epidemiology advanced slowly for most of the 20th century. However, a recent wave of research has begun to fill in missing pieces of the bacterial wilt puzzle. This article-the first review of research toward understanding the cucurbit bacterial wilt pathosystem-recounts early findings and updates our understanding of the disease cycle, including pathogen and vector biology. We also highlight research areas that could lead to more efficient and ecologically based management of bacterial wilt.
Integral solution for diffraction problems involving conducting surfaces with complex geometries. III. Application to paraboloidal mirrors

The complex ray-tracing theory developed earlier [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A5, 200 ( 1988)] is applied to a study of the structure of the electromagnetic focal field spectrum of paraboloidal mirrors. This problem was treated recently by Barakat [ Appl. Opt.26, 3790 ( 1987)], who used the Gaussian vectorial diffraction method. In this paper a more general solution to the problem is presented that uses the Stratton–Chu–Silver integral. The reflecting kernel then explicitly incorporates the surface function, the surface physical parameters and their dependence on the state of polarization of the incident radiation, and an unrestricted aberration function. Numerical results are presented for mirrors made of four different metals, and their use in optimizing the mirror design is demonstrated.
Age and Evolution of the Grand Canyon Revealed by U-Pb Dating of Water Table-Type Speleothems

The age and evolution of the Grand Canyon have been subjects of great interest and debate since its discovery. We found that cave mammillaries (water table indicator speleothems) from nine sites in the Grand Canyon showed uranium-lead dating evidence for an old western Grand Canyon on the assumption that groundwater table decline rates are equivalent to incision rates. Samples in the western Grand Canyon yielded apparent water table decline rates of 55 to 123 meters per million years over the past 17 million years, in contrast to eastern Grand Canyon samples that yielded much faster rates (166 to 411 meters per million years). Chronology and inferred incision data indicate that the Grand Canyon evolved via headward erosion from west to east, together with late-stage ( approximately 3.7 million years ago) accelerated incision in the eastern block.
Visual loss as the manifesting symptom of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction

Purpose To treat a 30-year-old man with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who had progressive visual loss. Method The patient underwent computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans and ocular examination. Results He was diagnosed with ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure despite the lack of ventriculomegaly on computed tomographic scan of the head and the lack of papilledema. The patient eventually underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision, but visual function did not improve. Conclusion Loss of visual acuity or visual field, or both, may be the initial and only symptom of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. Shunt failure may occur without other features of increased intracranial pressure or ventriculomegaly on neuroimaging studies.
Kōshien Stadium: performing national virtues and regional rivalries in a ‘theatre of sport’

How do sports make memories for modern societies, and what memories do sports make? This article analyzes the most resonant sports place in all of Japan, Kōshien Stadium, a massive ivy-walled baseball field on the western edge of Osaka, Japan's second city. Kōshien's special place in the national sportscape comes from its unique double role. It is both the site of the annual summer national high school baseball tournament, the most popular amateur sports event in Japan, and it is the home ground of a passionately-followed professional team, the Hanshin Tigers, whose longstanding rivalry with the Tokyo-based Yomiuri Giants, has been a vehicle and an idiom of the key regional rivalry in modern Japan. For over 80 years, to much of the Japanese population, the single word, ‘Kōshien’, has stood for the poignant though flawed display of idealized virtues by the nation's male adolescents and for the noble challenges but inevitable failure of the regions to contest the dominant power of the national center.
Homogeneous Rh-Sn alkoxide coatings on silica surfaces: A novel route for preparation of bimetallic Rh-Sn catalysts

The reaction of [{(COD)Rh}2Sn(OEt)6], where COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene and Et = ethyl, with silanol groups on silica surfaces is shown to lead to near-monolayer coverage of the silica by the Rh-Sn organometallic compound. Heating the supported compound at 498 K yields a catalyst that is active for benzene hydrogenation at room temperature. When the catalyst is reduced in H2 at 823 K, the benzene hydrogenation activity increases with a simultaneous drop in the activity for n-butane hydrogenolysis. High temperature reduction leads to formation of Rh-Sn alloy particles with an average particle diameter of 2.5 nm. These particles are stable towards oxidation-reduction cycles involving oxidation at 773 K in 15% O2. When normalized to the benzene hydrogenation activity, the n-butane hydrogenolysis activity of the bimetallic catalyst is suppressed by over 3 orders of magnitude when compared to a monometallic Rh catalyst.
Enzymatic Basis of “Hybridity” in Thiomarinol Biosynthesis

Thiomarinol is a naturally occurring double-headed antibiotic that is highly potent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Its structure comprises two antimicrobial subcomponents, pseudomonic acid analogue and holothin, linked by an amide bond. TmlU was thought to be the sole enzyme responsible for this amide-bond formation. In contrast to this idea, we show that TmlU acts as a CoA ligase that activates pseudomonic acid as a thioester that is processed by the acetyltransferase HolE to catalyze the amidation. TmlU prefers complex acyl acids as substrates, whereas HolE is relatively promiscuous, accepting a range of acyl-CoA and amine substrates. Our results provide detailed biochemical information on thiomarinol biosynthesis, and evolutionary insight regarding how the pseudomonic acid and holothin pathways converge to generate this potent hybrid antibiotic. This work also demonstrates the potential of TmlU/HolE enzymes as engineering tools to generate new "hybrid" molecules.
Rat and Mole’s Epiphany of Pan: Wittgenstein on Seeing Aspects and Religious Belief

A partir d'un passage de l'ouvrage de K. Grahame intitule «The wind in the willows» (1980) ou le dieu Pan se manifeste aux personnages du rat et de la taupe, l'A. montre que les caracteristiques du recit d'une epiphanie peuvent etre analysees a la lumiere du theme de la reconnaissance des aspects chez Wittgenstein. Soulignant l'importance du concept de reconnaissance des aspects pour comprendre le paradoxe de la regle et la position tardive de Wittgenstein sur la philosophie de la religion, l'A. etudie la conception de la vision comme perception des aspects continus et la distinction entre la croyance dans les images et la croyance religieuse dans les «Derniers ecrits» de Wittgenstein
Quantitative Evaluation of Mucosal Vascular Contrast in Narrow Band Imaging Using Monte Carlo Modeling

Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a spectrally-selective reflectance imaging technique for enhanced visualization of superficial vasculature. Prior clinical studies have indicated NBI’s potential for detection of vasculature abnormalities associated with gastrointestinal mucosal neoplasia. While the basic mechanisms behind the increased vessel contrast – hemoglobin absorption and tissue scattering – are known, a quantitative understanding of the effect of tissue and device parameters has not been achieved. In this investigation, we developed and implemented a numerical model of light propagation that simulates NBI reflectance distributions. This was accomplished by incorporating mucosal tissue layers and vessel-like structures in a voxel-based Monte Carlo algorithm. Epithelial and mucosal layers as well as blood vessels were defined using wavelength-specific optical properties. The model was implemented to calculate reflectance distributions and vessel contrast values as a function of vessel depth (0.05 to 0.50 mm) and diameter (0.01 to 0.10 mm). These relationships were determined for NBI wavelengths of 410 nm and 540 nm, as well as broadband illumination common to standard endoscopic imaging. The effects of illumination bandwidth on vessel contrast were also simulated. Our results provide a quantitative analysis of the effect of absorption and scattering on vessel contrast. Additional insights and potential approaches for improving NBI system contrast are discussed.
Glucosidase inhibitors for treatment of HIV-1 infection.

The HIV-1 envelope protein is a glycoprotein composed of 120 kD and 41 kD subunits. It contains 30–38 potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites which have been shown to play a role in CD4 binding, virus uptake, and cytopathogenicity. Several inhibitors of oligosaccharide attachment or modification have been tested. An agent which inhibits glucosidases, N-butyl deoxynojirimycin was found to inhibit HIV-1 and SIVmac infectivity, and is currently in clinical trials.
Nanostructured germanium prepared via ion beam modification

“Nanostructured” germanium (Ge; also known as “voided,” “porous,” “nanoporous,” “cratered,” and “honeycomb” Ge) created via ion beam modification has been studied for many years. This work reviews the progress made in studying and characterizing the nanostructured morphology, particularly via the use of experimental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Specifically, the empirical observations of the structural evolution of Ge as a function of ion beam modification conditions are discussed with added emphasis placed on quantification of the microstructure. The experimental observations and microstructure quantification are further discussed in terms of the implications for proposed formation mechanisms of the nanostructured morphology. Potential uses of the nanostructured morphology in chemical sensor and energy storage applications and suggested future lines of research to further the fundamental understanding of nanostructuring in Ge using ion beam modification are also presented.
Real-time PCR detection of Listeria monocytogenes using an integrated microfluidics platform

Abstract A miniaturized, fully automated, PCR-based detection system has been developed for the rapid detection of bacterial pathogens. Monolithic DNA purification/real-time PCR silicon chips were fabricated and tested for their ability to purify and detect the pathogeneic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Using silica-coated microstructures, nucleic acids could be selectively bound, washed and eluted for subsequent real-time PCR. These microstructures were included in an integrated detection microchip containing two distinct regions, one for DNA purification and one for real-time PCR. Using an automated detection platform with integrated microprocessor, pumps, valves, thermocycler and fluorescence detection modules, microchips were used to purify and detect bacterial DNA by real-time PCR amplification using SYBR Green fluorescent dye. Between 104 and 107 L. monocytogenes cells could be detected using this system with an average turnaround time of 45 min.
Air-Entrained Self-Consolidating Concrete: A Study of Admixture Sources

Abstract This research investigated the effects of three slump flows (559, 635 and 711 mm) and four admixture sources on the fresh properties of air-entrained self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Various flow property, air content, air void characteristic, UV–Vis spectroscopy and compressive strength tests were conducted on 12 mixtures. Significant differences between admixture sources were noted in dosage rate and air void characteristics, even if chemical compositions were similar. Increasing the slump flow of SCC decreased stability, and thus air void characteristics. A frost-resistant air void system was achievable for all slump flows and admixture sources.
Role of SRP RNA in the GTPase cycles of Ffh and FtsY.

The bacterial homologues of the signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor, the Ffh ¥4.5S RNA ribonucleoprotein complex and the FtsY protein, respectively, form a unique complex in which both Ffh and FtsY act as GTPase activating proteins for one another, resulting in the mutual stimulation of GTP hydrolysis by both proteins. Previous work showed that 4.5S RNA enhances the GTPase activity in the presence of both Ffh and FtsY, but it was not clear how this was accomplished. In this work, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of the GTPase reactions of Ffh and FtsY have provided insights into the role of 4.5S RNA in the GTPase cycles of Ffh and FtsY. We found that 4.5S RNA accelerates the association between Ffh and FtsY 400-fold in their GTP-bound form, analogous to its 200-fold catalytic effect on Ffh¥FtsY association previously observed with the GppNHp-bound form (Peluso, P., et al. (2000) Science 288, 1640-1643). Further, Ffh-FtsY association is rate-limiting for the observed GTPase reaction with subsaturating Ffh and FtsY, thereby accounting for the apparent stimulatory effect of 4.5S RNA on the GTPase activity observed previously. An additional step, GTP hydrolysis from the Ffh¥FtsY complex, is also moderately facilitated by 4.5S RNA. These results suggest that 4.5S RNA modulates the conformation of the Ffh¥FtsY complex and may, in turn, regulate its GTPase activity during the SRP functional cycle.
Shot-peened gear failure due to operation in a misaligned condition

Historv This paper discusses a unique failure mode discovered in case carburized and shot-peened gears. This type of failure is caused by an overload due to excessive misalignment, combined with the residual compressive stresses that result from carburizing and peening. This results in a reduction of the residual A failure of a T56-A-15 propeller gearbox occurred 24 January 1992 on a United States Coast Guard HC130H aircraft, while flying near Cold Bay, Alaska. A gear had broken-up, sending pieces through the gearbox case. The failure resulted in the propeller compr&sive stresses. These gears are made of alloy steel and are case carburized and shot-peened, which increases the residual compressive stress at the surface, resulting in infinite fatigue life. Failures of the gears attributed to fatigue warranted an investigation to determine the cause of the fatigue. Finite element analysis techniques were used to analyze gear stress profiles under various misaligned conditions. One loading scenario placed bending loads on the gear teeth that resulted in highly compressive stresses in the gear tooth root. These compressive stresses, combined with the residual compressive stresses from manufacturing, caused localized yielding of the material at the surface of the gear tooth root. The severe loading while in the misaligned condition was sufficient enough to produce fatigue crack initiation sites. This yielded material, with reduced residual compressive stress, will allow fatigue initiation sites to propagate when subsequently run in normal operating conditions. w
An Implantable Pressure Sensing System With Electromechanical Interrogation Scheme

In this paper, we report on the development of an implantable pressure sensing system that is powered by mechanical vibrations in the audible acoustic frequency range. This technique significantly enhances interrogation range, alleviates the misalignment issues commonly encountered with inductive powering, and simplifies the external receiver circuitry. The interrogation scheme consists of two phases: a mechanical vibration phase and an electrical radiation phase. During the first phase, a piezoelectric cantilever acts as an acoustic receiver and charges a capacitor by converting sound vibration harmonics occurring at its resonant frequency into electrical power. In the subsequent electrical phase, when the cantilever is not vibrating, the stored electric charge is discharged across an LC tank whose inductor is pressure sensitive; hence, when the LC tank oscillates at its natural resonant frequency, it radiates a high-frequency signal that is detectable using an external receiver and its frequency corresponds to the measured pressure. The pressure sensitive inductor consists of a planar coil (single loop of wire) with a ferrite core whose distance to the coil varies with applied pressure. A prototype of the implantable pressure sensor is fabricated and tested, both in vitro and in vivo (swine bladder). A pressure sensitivity of 1 kHz/cm $H_{2}$ O is achieved with minimal misalignment sensitivity (26% drop at 90° misalignment between the implanted device and acoustic source; 60% drop at 90° misalignment between the implanted device and RF receiver coil).
Areas and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

We present a concise, yet self-contained module for teaching the notion of area and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus for different groups of students. This module contains two different levels of rigour, depending on the class it used for. It also incorporates a technological component.
Excitation of individual-particle states of nuclei by inelastic electron scattering

Abstract Formulas are given for the computation of cross sections for excitations of shell model states in light nuclei by inelastically scattered electrons. The contributions from the transverse electric and magnetic interactions are calculated in detail. The determination of radiative lifetimes by extrapolation of electron scattering data is discussed and found to be model-dependent. Particular calculations are carried out for Li 7 and O 18 . The Li 7 calculation provides an example in which the contributions from the transverse interactions are of the same order of magnitude as the contribution from the Coulomb interaction, even at small momentum transfer. In the case of O 18 , electron scattering experiments may distinguish collective excited state from individual-particle excited states.
The Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 34th ed., by Hemant Godara and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: Chicago: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2013. 1168p. ISBN 978-1451188516. $74.99.

Regarded as one of the premiere quick reference texts in medicine for more than 65 years, The Washington Manual has been carried inside pockets and backpacks in clinical settings and medical wards ...
Diurnal variations in dissolved organic matter and ammonium uptake in six open-canopy streams

AbstractDaily fluctuations of primary production can result in diurnal variations in labile dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) concentrations, but we know little about how biotic uptake of labile DOC and DON changes from day to night. We compared daytime vs nighttime uptake of ammonium (NH4+), acetate (labile DOC), and glycine (labile DON) using short-term nutrient releases conducted in 6 open-canopy streams in northwestern Wyoming, USA. NH4+ uptake was primarily a function of autotrophic demand because it was often higher during the day, and daytime uptake was driven by gross primary production when placed in context of prior data from the region (r2 = 0.60, p < 0.001). However, acetate uptake showed no significant diurnal change and the quality of fine benthic organic matter explained diurnal variation in uptake across streams, indicating control via heterotrophic demand (r2 = 0.94, p = 0.006). Patterns in glycine uptake were distinct from both NH4+ and acetate uptake. Glycine uptake decreased as the...
Parallel computation of polynomial GCD and some related parallel computations over abstract fields

Several fundamental problems of computations with polynomials and structured matrices are well known for their resistance to effective parallel solution. This includes computing the gcd, the 1cm, and the resultant of two polynomials, as well as any selected entry of either the extended Euclidean scheme for these polynomials or the Pade approximation table associated to a fixed power series, the solution of the Berlekamp-Massey problem of recovering the n coefficients of a linear recurrence sequence from its first 2n terms, the solution of a Toeplitz linear system of equations, computing the ranks and the null-spaces of Toeplitz matrices, and several other computations with Toeplitz, Hankel, Vandermonde, and Cauchy (generalized Hilbert) matrices and with matrices having similar structures. Our algorithms enable us to reach new record estimates for randomized parallel arithmetic complexity of all these computations (over any field of constants), that is, O((log n)h) time and O((n2 log log n)(log n)h − g) arithmetic processors, where n is the input size, g varies from 1 to 2, and h varies from 2 to 4, depending on the computational problem and on the fixed field of constants. The estimates include the cost of correctness tests for the solution. The results have further applications to many related computations over abstract fields and rely on some new techniques (in particular, on recursive Pade approximation and regularization of Pade approximation via randomization), which might be of some independent technical interest. In particular, an auxiliary algorithm computes (over any field) the coefficients of a polynomial from the power sums of its zeros, which is an important problem of algebraic coding.
Priority-based congestion control in MPLS-based networks

In recent years, IP networks have been subjected to different types of Internet applications with different quality of service (QoS) requirements. Traffic engineering enables routed traffic to be altered from standard routes to routes that improve network resources or avoid network congestions. However the best effort characteristic of IP makes it inadequate to support traffic engineering and QoS. To support QoS over IP networks, traffic engineering (TE) has introduced multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). Network traffic delays are often the result of network congestions. Internet service providers (ISP) have to minimize network congestions because such congestions cause packet delays, and consumption of network resources resulting in a decrease in QoS. In this paper we propose a congestion control scheme between the receiving node and the ingress router for MPLS-based networks. Our simulation results demonstrate that with our proposed approach, we obtain an improvement in the number of packets delivered and better use of network resources. Furthermore, with our approach, modification of MPLS is not required.