cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Empire by Nature

Water lends itself to cliche – its beauty, its power, its abundance or absence, its transformative capabilities. Long before and after Herodotus observed Egypt to be “the gift of the Nile,” others have offered cliches about the role of the Nile's waters in Egypt's history. This book avoids those and other cliches altogether in favor of a social and environmental history of water usage and irrigation in the Egyptian countryside in the long eighteenth century (1675 to 1820). Water, however, is only one part of this environmental story of Egypt. Timber, plague, animals, wind, grain, and microbes all have their roles to play as well in this account of struggle and community, of want and excess, of import and export, and ultimately of literal life and death. In the chapters that follow, I first detail an Ottoman imperial system of natural resource allocation and balance that served to move grains – the products of irrigation – out of Egypt and wood supplies – vital material needed for Egypt's rural irrigation infrastructure – into this most lucrative of the Empire's provinces. Water bound Egyptian peasants in even the most rural locations to the center of the Empire in Istanbul because the status of a dam or canal in Egypt held wide imperial consequences. The disrepair of irrigation works and the destruction of agricultural land that would surely ensue meant less food and less money for this early modern land-based, agrarian polity.
Human papillomavirus vaccine and Pap tests on college campuses: How do historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) measure up?

ABSTRACTObjective: The availability of cervical cancer prevention services at college health centers was compared between historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and non-HBCUs.Methods: Four-year, non–primarily distant learning colleges, matching HBCUs with randomly selected non-HBCUs within the same states (N = 136) were examined. Data were collected (2014–2015 academic year) on the availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and Pap tests at college health centers. HBCUs were compared with non-HBCUs using conditional logistic regression, and correlates of offering these services were identified. Results: Many institutions did not offer HPV vaccine or Pap tests. Fewer HBCUs offered HPV vaccine (18% vs 53%) and Pap tests (50% vs 76%) compared with non-HBCUs. In multivariable analyses, HBCUs remained less likely than non-HBCUs to offer HPV vaccine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.26) and Pap tests (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.61). Conclusions: Greater effort is...
Dizziness caused by meningocele-associated intracranial hypotension in neurofibromatosis type 1.

A 64-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) presented with falls caused by postural dizziness with negative prior workup including echocardiogram, telemetry, and tilt-table test. Neither discontinuing his β-blocker nor taking antihistamines, benzodiazepines, or antiemetics provided relief. Brain MRI demonstrated diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement (figure, A) and CT of the chest and MRI of the spine revealed large meningoceles arising from the thoracic spine (figure, B and C). Continuity of the meningoceles with cerebrospinal compartment was demonstrated with radionucleotide cisternogram (figure, D). Meningoceles are common in NF1 and can be mistaken as pleural effusions and lead to intracranial hypotension or tonsillar herniation if drained.1 Surgical intervention was considered but deferred because of difficulty in achieving dural closure with large meningoceles and complicated wound healing in NF1. With vestibular physical therapy, 6 months after hospitalization, he remained free of falls.
The role of communication arts and sciences in university life

If one were tempted to dispose of the present topic in a single sentence, the sentence no doubt would assert that since the distinctive role of universities is the advancement of knowledge, the principal obligation of universities toward communication is to contribute to our knowledge of it. And within limits-with which I shall presently deal-the proposition is valid. Ever since universities began to emerge in European civilization, we have turned to them for generalized and empirically verifiable images of man and nature.
Ethics and leadership effectiveness.

T he moral triumphs and failures of leaders carry a greater weight and volume than those of nonleaders (Ciulla, 2003b). In leadership we see morality magnified, and that is why the study of ethics is fundamental to our understanding of leadership. The study of ethics is about human relationships. It is about what we should do and what we should be like as human beings, as members of a group or society, and in the different roles that we play in life. It is about right and wrong and good and evil. Leadership is a particular type of human relationship. Some hallmarks of this relationship are power and/or influence, vision, obligation, and responsibility. By understanding the ethics of this relationship, we gain a better understanding of leadership, because some of the central issues in ethics are also the central issues of leadership. They include the personal challenges of authenticity, self-interest, and self-discipline, and moral obligations related to justice, duty, competence, and the greatest good. Some of the most perceptive work on leadership and ethics comes from old texts and is out there waiting to be rediscovered and reapplied. History is filled with wisdom and case studies on the morality of leaders and leadership. Ancient scholars from the East and West offer insights that enable us to understand leadership and CHAPTER 13
Multistage stereotactic radiosurgery for large cerebral arteriovenous malformations using the Gamma Knife platform.

Purpose Radiosurgery is an established technique to treat Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs). Obliteration of larger AVMs (>10–15 cm3 or diameter > 3 cm) in a single session is challenging with current radiosurgery platforms due to toxicity. We present a novel technique of multi-stage stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for large intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) using the Gamma Knife system. Materials/Methods Eighteen patients with large (>10–15 cm3 or diameter ⩾3 cm) AVMs, which were previously treated using a staged SRS technique on the Cyberknife platform, were retrospectively selected for this study. The AVMs were contoured and divided into 3-8 sub-targets to be treated sequentially in a staged approach at half to four week intervals. The prescription dose ranged from 15 Gy to 20 Gy, depending on the sub-target number, volume and location. Gamma Knife plans using multiple collimator settings were generated and optimized. The coordinates of each shot from the initial plan covering the total AVM target were extracted based on their relative positions within the frame system. The shots were re-grouped based on their location with respect to the sub-target contours to generate sub-plans for each stage. The delivery time of each shot for a sub-target was decay corrected with 60Co for staging the treatment course to generate the same dose distribution as that planned for the total AVM target. Conformality indices and dose-volume analysis were performed to evaluate treatment plans Results With the shot re-distribution technique, the composite dose for the multi-staged treatment of multiple sub-targets is equivalent to the initial plan for total AVM target. Gamma Knife plans resulted in an average PTV coverage of 96.3%±0.9 and a PITV of 1.23±0.1. The resulting Conformality indices, V12Gy and R50 dose spillage values were 0.76±0.05, 3.4±1.8 and 3.1±0.5, respectively. Conclusion The Gamma Knife system can deliver a multi-staged conformal dose to treat large AVMs when correcting for translational setup errors of each shot at each staged treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Syntrophomonas wolfei Uses an NADH-Dependent, Ferredoxin-Independent [FeFe]-Hydrogenase To Reoxidize NADH.

Syntrophomonas wolfei syntrophically oxidizes short-chain fatty acids (four to eight carbons in length) when grown in coculture with a hydrogen- and/or formate-using methanogen. The oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A (CoA), formed during butyrate metabolism, results in the production of NADH. The enzyme systems involved in NADH reoxidation in S. wolfei are not well understood. The genome of S. wolfei contains a multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase that may be a mechanism for NADH reoxidation. The S. wolfei genes for the multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase (hyd1ABC; SWOL_RS05165, SWOL_RS05170, SWOL_RS05175) and [FeFe]-hydrogenase maturation proteins (SWOL_RS05180, SWOL_RS05190, SWOL_RS01625) were coexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant Hyd1ABC was purified and characterized. The purified recombinant Hyd1ABC was a heterotrimer with an αβγ configuration and a molecular mass of 115 kDa. Hyd1ABC contained 29.2 ± 1.49 mol of Fe and 0.7 mol of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) per mole enzyme. The purified, recombinant Hyd1ABC reduced NAD+ and oxidized NADH without the presence of ferredoxin. The HydB subunit of the S. wolfei multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase lacks two iron-sulfur centers that are present in known confurcating NADH- and ferredoxin-dependent [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Hyd1ABC is a NADH-dependent hydrogenase that produces hydrogen from NADH without the need of reduced ferredoxin, which differs from confurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Hyd1ABC provides a mechanism by which S. wolfei can reoxidize NADH produced during syntrophic butyrate oxidation when low hydrogen partial pressures are maintained by a hydrogen-consuming microorganism. IMPORTANCE Our work provides mechanistic understanding of the obligate metabolic coupling that occurs between hydrogen-producing fatty and aromatic acid-degrading microorganisms and their hydrogen-consuming partners in the process called syntrophy (feeding together). The multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase used NADH without the involvement of reduced ferredoxin. The multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase would produce hydrogen from NADH only when hydrogen concentrations were low. Hydrogen production from NADH by Syntrophomonas wolfei would likely cease before any detectable amount of cell growth occurred. Thus, continual hydrogen production requires the presence of a hydrogen-consuming partner to keep hydrogen concentrations low and explains, in part, the obligate requirement that S. wolfei has for a hydrogen-consuming partner organism during growth on butyrate. We have successfully expressed genes encoding a multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase in E. coli, demonstrating that such an approach can be advantageous to characterize complex redox proteins from difficult-to-culture microorganisms.
Stability and design of hysteretic current-mode single-inductor multiple-output power supplies

When supplied well and with little power losses, multifunctional microsystems can add life- and cost-saving intelligence to hospitals, factories, and cars. Unfortunately, fitting the multiple power supplies that diverse subsystems require into millimeters is challenging. One reason for this is, although efficient and therefore necessary, inductors are bulky. And supplying several outputs with one switched inductor requires several feedback loops that respond quickly. Even though hysteretic loops can react within one switching cycle, the nonlinear dynamics of intertwined hysteretic loops are difficult to manage. This paper explains how to analyze and design these fast single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) power supplies. Designed this way, the 5-output, 500-mA SIMO presented recovers all outputs after 400-mA load dumps in less than 26 μs, which is only 6 μs over the time the uninterrupted inductor requires to slew its current to a level that can supply all loads.
Synthetic space with arbitrary dimensions in a few rings undergoing dynamic modulation

We show that a single ring resonator undergoing dynamic modulation can be used to create a synthetic space with an arbitrary dimension. In such a system, the phases of the modulation can be used to create a photonic gauge potential in high dimensions. As an illustration of the implication of this concept, we show that the Haldane model, which exhibits nontrivial topology in two dimensions, can be implemented in the synthetic space using three rings. Our results point to a route toward exploring higher-dimensional topological physics in low-dimensional physical structures. The dynamics of photons in such synthetic spaces also provides a mechanism to control the spectrum of light.
Temperature and food availability effects on spinosad and malathion against Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory

Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a quarantine pest of cherries (Prunus spp.) in western North America that is managed primarily using insecticides. Different insecticides could vary in efficacy and ability to control flies depending on environmental factors. Here, the objective was to determine if temperature and food availability affect the efficacies of spinosad and malathion against R. indifferens in the laboratory. Fourteen- to 18-day old flies were exposed to sweet cherries with dried residues of spinosad and malathion at 19 or 21 versus 27 °C with or without yeast extract + sucrose food (‘food’). Deaths and oviposition were recorded over four days. In spinosad treatments, fly kill was greater at 27 °C than at lower temperatures when there was no food, but in the malathion treatments, kill did not differ between temperatures and it was greatest when there was no food. In spinosad treatments, lower oviposition occurred at 19 or 21 °C than 27 °C, with differences larger when there was food. However, in malathion treatments, oviposition was not affected by temperature although it was lower when there was no food. Results imply temperature and food availability could be factors affecting R. indifferens control in cherries, but whether temperature is such a factor depends on the insecticide used.
Improving Practice Guideline Adherence Through Peer Feedback: Impact of an Ambulatory Cardiology Curriculum.

Problem: Graduate medical trainees must be prepared to practice in a quality-driven system that values adherence to and documentation of evidence-based care. Few validated approaches exist to teach...
The Relational Foundation of Norm Enforcement

Understanding norms requires explaining both where rules come from and why people enforce them. The mere fact that a rule prohibits a behavior does not mean that the behavior will be punished. Rather, the same action with the same consequences may be sanctioned in some social environments and not in others. Depending on the circumstances, people may punish behaviors that are harmful or harmless, and they may do so even without a belief that the behavior is wrong. In other words, normative rules and norm enforcement are only loosely connected. Rules provide guidance to people regarding what they should sanction, but do not explain why they do so. I argue that social relationships are a key factor in explaining norm enforcement. That is, sanctioning depends on the characteristics of relationships between group members and the expectations people hold regarding how others are likely to react to their sanctioning efforts. Evidence from a series of laboratory experiments shows how social relationships and expectations affect sanctioning, thereby contributing to the emergence of norms.
Genetic Regulation of the Murine Corneal and Non-Corneal Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

During the past several years an active interest has developed in genetic regulation of host susceptibility and resistance to both infection and malignancy.1 The potential role of genetic makeup of individuals as a major determinant of susceptibility to a variety of infectious agents receives strong support from epidemiologic data. Concomitantly, the widespread development of genetically defined strains of mutant, congenic, and recombinant inbred mice have made it possible for investigators to make new advances in this field. According to Skamene,l this allows for detailed mapping of the murine genome, resulting in the identification of the various chromosomal loci controlling resistance and susceptibility to a given infectious or oncogenic stimulus. This strategy has already resulted in the identification of several chromosomal loci involved in regulation of various traits. As Skamene points out, resistance genes to various infectious or malignant agents appear to map to the same locus1. This suggests that there may be common mechanisms of host resistance to combat a variety of unrelated agents. Once these various genes have been identified, we can then begin to investigate the various cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the traits of resistance and susceptibility, thereby developing a better understanding of host defense mechanisms along with the potential for developing remedial measures.
Improved accessibility of porous carbon electrodes with surfactant ionic liquids for supercapacitors

Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising electrolytes for supercapacitors due to their wide electrochemical window. However, most ILs are viscous in nature and require diffusional and rotational transformations to access the pore space of common supercapacitor electrodes. In this study, novel anionic surfactant ILs (ASILs) are synthesized to lubricate the electrode surface to improve pore accessibility by IL ions. ASIL composition (0–10 wt%) and temperature (22–150 °C)-dependent capacitances, as a measure of pore accessibility and wettability, are determined by cyclic voltammetry. 10 wt% 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium docusate, [PYR14][AOT], in the base IL 1-propyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [PYR13][TFSI], exhibits the highest specific capacitance (202 F g−1 at 150 °C and 10 mV s−1), compared to [PYR13][TFSI] (160 F g−1). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate resistive charging for ASIL/IL electrolyte compared to the base IL at 22 °C due to reduced conductivity—a consequence of larger non-polar domains. However, at elevated temperatures (> 100 °C), electrolyte resistance is circumvented as the viscosity is reduced. The wide voltage window of ILs and improved wettability by ASILs can be coupled to maximize energy storage capability of supercapacitors for high-temperature power applications.
Differential Invariants for Two and Three Dimensional Linear Parabolic Equations

We find equivalence transformations for linear parabolic equations having two and three spatial dimensions. Invariants associated with these higher dimensional linear parabolic equations are derived using the obtained set of equivalence transformations. We apply Lie infinitesimal method to deduce the associated invariants. We find first order invariants for the the higher dimensional parabolic equations due to an invertible change of the dependent and independent variables separately. Further, obtained invariants are employed to reduce these linear higher dimensional parabolic equations to their simplest forms.
Finite strain theory of a Mode III crack in a rate dependent gel consisting of chemical and physical cross-links

In previous works we developed a three-dimensional large deformation constitutive theory for a dual cross-link hydrogel gel with permanent and transient bonds. This theory connects the breaking and reforming kinetics of the transient bonds to the nonlinear elasticity of the gel network. We have shown that this theory agrees well with experimental data from both tension and torsion tests. Here we study the mechanics of a Mode III or anti-plane shear crack for this particular class of rate dependent solids. We first show that our constitutive model admits a non-trivial state of anti-plane shear deformation. We then establish a correspondence principle for the special case where the chains in the network obey Gaussian statistics. For this special case there is a one to one analogy between our model and standard linear viscoelasticity. We also study the asymptotic behavior of the time dependent crack tip field, and show that for a wide class of network energy density functions, the spatial singularities of these fields are identical to a hyper-elastic, cracked body with the same but undamaged networks.
Identifying profiles of listed home-based child care providers based on their beliefs and self-reported practices

Abstract This study seeks to broaden the knowledge base of the diverse home-based child care provider workforce in the United States. Home-based child care is a crucial part of the child care landscape with approximately seven million children from birth to five receiving care in home-based settings. Through secondary analysis of the National Survey of Early Care and Education data on listed home-based providers (n = 3493), latent profile analysis was used to explore how providers grouped into profiles based on key characteristics related to their caregiving beliefs and their self-reported instructional practices, professional engagement, and family supportive practices. Findings reveal providers aligned into three profiles: Educationally Focused (72.4%), Educationally Aware (15.7%), and Caregiver (11.8%). Frequency of implementing planned educational activities emerged as a particularly salient distinction among the three groups. Results suggest that although listed home-based providers appear somewhat homogeneous in their demographic characteristics, they vary in their instructional practices with children and their own professional engagement. Therefore, they may benefit from a tailored approach to quality improvement that attends to these differences.
OR Forum—Public Health Preparedness: Answering (Largely Unanswerable) Questions with Operations Research—The 2016–2017 Philip McCord Morse Lecture

Public health security—achieved by effectively preventing, detecting, and responding to events that affect public health, such as bioterrorism, disasters, and naturally occurring disease outbreaks—...
The Value of Parental Testing by Next-Generation Sequencing Includes the Detection of Germline Mosaicism

When a potential disease-causing variant is detected in a proband, parental testing is used to determine the mode of inheritance. This study demonstrates that next-generation sequencing (NGS) is uniquely well suited for parental testing, in particular because of its ability to detect clinically relevant germline mosaicism. Parental variant testing by NGS was performed in a clinical laboratory for 1 year. The detection of mosaicism by NGS was compared with its detection by Sanger sequencing. Eight cases of previously unrevealed mosaicism were detected by NGS across eight different genes. Mosaic variants were differentiated from sequencing noise using custom bioinformatics analyses in combination with familial inheritance data and complementary Sanger sequencing. Sanger sequencing detected mosaic variants with allele fractions ≥8% by NGS, but could not detect mosaic variants below that level. Detection of germline mosaicism by NGS is invaluable to parents, providing a more accurate recurrence risk that can alter decisions on family planning and pregnancy management. Because NGS can also confirm parentage and increase scalability, it simultaneously streamlines and strengthens the variant curation process. These features make NGS the ideal method for parental testing, superior even to Sanger sequencing for most genomic loci.
Meta-Analysis Reveals Reduced Coral Calcification Under Projected Ocean Warming but Not Under Acidification Across the Caribbean Sea

Ocean acidification and warming are two of the many threats to coral reefs worldwide, and Caribbean reef-building corals are especially vulnerable. However, even within the Caribbean, experimental acidification and warming studies reveal a wide array of coral calcification responses across reef systems and among species, complicating efforts to predict how corals will respond to these global-scale stressors. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the calcification responses of Caribbean corals to experimentally induced seawater ocean acidification, ocean warming, and the combination of both stressors. Calcification rates were reduced for corals reared under warming alone, but acidification and the combination of both stressors did not clearly reduce calcification rates. Calcification responses of corals collected from the Florida Keys and Belize were compared for regional differences since a greater number of studies were performed on corals collected from these two regions. Notably, corals from the Florida Keys did not exhibit reduced calcification under acidification, warming, or the combination of both stressors, while corals from Belize exhibited reduced calcification under warming alone. Further investigation of these regional trends suggests that the warming and acidification treatments employed dictated calcification responses, rather than collection region. Results from this meta-analysis are constrained by the very few studies that have been conducted within the Caribbean to assess ocean acidification and warming and the large variation in experimental procedure among studies. This meta-analysis reveals existing gaps in our understanding of how corals will likely respond to projected acidification and warming and highlights ways to improve comparability among experimental studies conducted on corals within the same region to better predict coral calcification response under global change.
MR‐guided pulsed focused ultrasound improves mesenchymal stromal cell homing to the myocardium

Image-guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) is a non-invasive technique that can increase tropism of intravenously (IV)-infused mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) to sonicated tissues. MSC have shown promise for cardiac regenerative medicine strategies but can be hampered by inefficient homing to the myocardium. This study sonicated the left ventricles (LV) in rats with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided pFUS and examined both proteomic responses and subsequent MSC tropism to treated myocardium. T2-weighted MRI was used for pFUS targeting of the entire LV. pFUS increased numerous pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and trophic factors and cell adhesion molecules in the myocardial microenvironment for up to 48 hours post-sonication. Cardiac troponin I and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were elevated in the serum and myocardium. Immunohistochemistry revealed transient hypoxia and immune cell infiltration in pFUS-targeted regions. Myocardial tropism of IV-infused human MSC following pFUS increased twofold-threefold compared with controls. Proteomic and histological changes in myocardium following pFUS suggested a reversible inflammatory and hypoxic response leading to increased tropism of MSC. MR-guided pFUS could represent a non-invasive modality to improve MSC therapies for cardiac regenerative medicine approaches.
Insights into the Redox Chemistry of Organosulfides Towards Stable Molecule Design in Nonaqueous Energy Storage Systems

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) have great potential to achieve high-energy storage systems. However, they have been limited by low solubility and poor stability of active materials. Here we demonstrate organosulfides as a new-type model material system to explore the rational design of redox-active molecules in nonaqueous systems. The tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) molecule shows high solubility in various common organic solvents and achieves a high reversible capacity of ca. 50 Ah L-1 at a high concentration of 1 M. The resonance structures in the reduced product endow the molecule with high electrochemical stability in different organic electrolytes. The underlying mechanism in redox chemistry of organodisulfides involving the cleavage and reformation of disulfide bonds is revealed by material/structural characterizations. This study provides a new perspective of molecule designs for the development of redox-active materials for high-performance nonaqueous RFBs.
Ovipositional Behavior of the Egg Parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Two Squash Bug Species Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Anasa armigera: Effects of Parasitoid Density, Nutrition, and Host Egg Chorion on Parasitism Rates.

This study examined the ovipositional behavior of Gryon pennsylvanicumAshmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on egg masses of two squash bug species Anasa tristis DeGeer and Anasa armigera Say (Hemiptera: Coreidae) by evaluating how parasitoid density and access to nutrition influenced percent parasitism on egg masses of different sizes in laboratory tests. When three parasitoids were exposed to A. tristis egg masses with only three to five eggs, 72.7% of parasitoids became trapped in the eggs and failed to emerge successfully. These results suggest that competition between larvae within the egg may have reduced the fitness of the surviving parasitoid. Continual access to honey water did not significantly influence parasitism rates on A. armigera egg masses and only increased parasitism on A. tristis egg masses with 20–25 eggs. Overall, parasitism rates were higher on A. armigera egg masses than on A. tristis egg masses, and parasitoids were more likely to emerge successfully from A. armigera eggs than from A. tristis eggs. Parasitoids spent the same amount of time probing eggs of the two species, but they spent significantly more time drilling into A. tristis eggs than A. armigera eggs. Measurements taken using transmission electron microscopy determined that the average combined width of the epicuticle and exocuticle of the egg chorion was significantly greater for A. tristis eggs than for A. armigera eggs. This difference may account for the lower rates of parasitism and parasitoid emergence and for the increased time spent drilling into A. tristis eggs compared with A. armigera eggs.
Mary Austin’s California Gothic

Ginsberg contends that Mary Austin’s early regionalist short fiction about California features unforgiving landscapes in which humans struggle against an environment whose features of danger, terror, and death are expressed in Gothic terms. She argues that Austin’s Gothic is rooted in the split selves and the mysterious nature gods that haunt Austin’s autobiography, Earth Horizon. She finds that Austin uses Gothic tropes to critique Victorian conventions of sex and gender. While recent scholarship has focused on Austin’s late modernist works, less attention has been paid to Austin’s dark Naturalism. By considering the American Gothic, the female Gothic, and the Ecogothic, Ginsberg shows how the landscapes of the desert Southwest are rendered using Gothic features in Lost Borders, Austin’s early regional stories of the Mojave desert.
Apology in close relationships: The role of transgression-related self-esteem and self-image goals

Abstract Little research has examined the role of the self in relation to apologies in close relationships. This study (N = 77 couples) tested how self-esteem following a relational transgression predicts apology, and whether this association is moderated by self-image goals toward partners. Results indicated that self-esteem after committing a transgression and self-image goals did not uniquely predict apology. However, self-image goals and self-esteem interacted, such that those with lower transgression-related self-esteem were more likely to apologize when they had lower self-image goals; self-esteem was unrelated to apology when self-image goals were higher. These findings suggest that there is a synergistic effect between self-esteem and self-image goals that may facilitate apology. Future research should further consider the role of multiple aspects of the self in apologies in close relationships.
Opioid Use Disorder in Patients Undergoing Primary 1- to 2-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Is Associated With Longer In-Hospital Lengths of Stay and Higher Rates of Readmissions, Complications, and Costs of Care:

Study Design:Retrospective study.Objective:To determine whether opioid use disorder (OUD) patients undergoing 1- to 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (1-2ACDF) have higher rates of: 1...
BOUNDED LIBERATION A Focused Study of La Leche League International

Combining participant observation with in-depth interviewing, this small-scale, focused study examines the philosophies and practices promoted by La Leche League International (LLLI), the foremost international breast-feeding support organization. In particular, the study examines four linked conceptual paradoxes related to reconceptualizing women's bodies, validating motherhood, staying home, and living with baby, each representing an internal contradiction of liberation and constraint for League members. While LLLI's prescriptions for “good mothering through breast-feeding” may encourage women to reclaim their bodies, boost their sense of competence as mothers, and resist conventional authorities, at the the same time, the League's conception of what it means to be a good mother pushes women into socially prescribed and limiting roles rooted in biological determinism.
Survival trends in T cell prolymphocytic leukemia: A SEER database analysis.

T cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare lymphoid malignancy arising from mature post-thymic T cells. It comprises less than 2% of lymphoid malignancies, predominantly affects older individ...
Beth Luey: Expanding the American Mind: Books and the Popularization of Knowledge

Expanding the American Mind is a fine and fascinating study of popularization, a ‘‘subset of the nonfiction genre: the books that explain complicated subjects and ideas to non-expert readers.’’ Author Beth Luey is a formidably knowledgeable scholar and, one sees also in these pages, a wise one. Luey is the founder and was for a long time director of Arizona State University’s Scholarly Publishing Program. Scholars in the history of books or the study of publishing will find here nuggets they did not know, perfect examples they wish they had had the last time they lectured to the Friends of the University Library. General readers will reflect along with Luey on the remarkable—and remarkably recent—changes in the dissemination of books to many Americans. Luey’s study is in part an account of changes in academic knowledge production since there is no ‘‘popularization’’ until there is a body of specialized and esoteric knowledge, ‘‘something that is not popular to work from’’ (25). This emerged only in the middle to late nineteenth century when ‘‘the sciences and the secular humanities’’ established themselves as academic professions. If popularization depends on a body of specialized knowledge, it equally depends on the existence of a potential audience. Such an audience mushroomed in the post-World War II era with the G.I. Bill of Rights and the rapid expansion of college enrollments— from 1.6 million in 1940 to 12 million in 1980. Publishers catered to this market and made a notable contribution to it by moving into paperback publishing and inventing the ‘‘quality paperback’’ in the 1950s. Much of this story is familiar, although—in the tradition of popularization that Luey is analyzing here—she presents it compactly, gracefully, and authoritatively. She also provides some original and provocative analysis. In Chapter Six, ‘‘Writing To Be Read,’’ she subordinates the details of publication history to her own reading of popularized works of science, social science, and social policy. She offers us
Abstract 13276: DHA but not Etanercept Expedites Resolution of Inflammation leading to Improved Survival Following Myocardial Infarction in Aging Mice

Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been touted for cardioprotective benefits. n-3 PUFA contains docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) but their individual effects on left ventricle (LV) remodeling remains unclear compared to anti-inflammatory molecule. We assessed the individual component of n-3 PUFA and their therapeutic potential on LV remodeling post-MI in aging mice (n=150). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed chow diet for first 12 months and then placed on safflower oil (SO; 10% w/w) enriched diet (n-6 PUFA) for 3 months to induce obesity. Then mice were randomized into 5 isocaloric groups: SO or DHA or EPA or DHA+EPA (D+E) or Etanercept (ETAN; 5mg/kg/day) (n=26-30 mice/group) for 2 months. At 17 months of age, mice were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation resulting in MI and monitored for d1 and d5 survival; maintaining no-MI as d0 naive controls. Post-MI survival was highest in DHA fed mice compared with ETAN and all other groups (p
Real-time root-MUSIC DOA estimation via a parallel polynomial rooting method

This paper describes a new parallel polynomial rooting technique for root-MUSIC suitable for real-time signal processing applications. The proposed method is based on Newton's method adapted as global polynomial rooting technique. Well-defined complex dynamics of root-MUSIC polynomial's Newton map were exploited to prescribe a minimal set of initial points for Newton's method. Proposed set of initial points guarantee that at least one of them would converge to the root closest to the unit circle (that corresponds to the direction of arrival (DOA)). The proposed method was compared with existing general polynomial rooting technique in terms of computational complexity and possibility of parallelization. In addition, the performance of proposed system when incorporated into root-MUSIC was analyzed in terms of computations required to achieve a given accuracy of DOA.
Population Genetics of Drosophila Amylase. II. Geographic Patterns in D. PSEUDOOBSCURA

Morph frequencies of three related polymorphisms were determined in ten natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura . They are the well-known inversion polymorphism of the third chromosome and the polymorphism for a-amylase produced by the structural gene Amy (which resides on the third chromosome). The third polymorphism was for tissue-specific expression of Amy in adult midguts; a total of 13 different patterns of activity have been observed. The preceding paper (POWELL and LICHTENFELS 1979) reports evidence that the variation in Amy expression is under polygenic control. Here we show that the polymorphism for midgut activity patterns occurs in natural populations and is not an artifact of laboratory rearing.—From population to population, Amy allele freuencies and frequencies of inversions belonging to different phylads vary coordinately. The geographic variation in α-amylase midgut activity patterns is uncorrelated with that for the other two types of polymorphisms. Furthermore, no correlation was detected between activity pattern(s) and Amy genotype(s) when both were assayed in the same individual.——These results imply that whatever the evolutionary-ecological forces are that control frequencies of the structural gene variants, they are not the same factors that control the frequencies of polymorphic genetic factors responsible for the tissue-specific expression of the enzyme.
Static contract checking with abstract interpretation

We present an overview of Clousot, our current tool to statically check CodeContracts. CodeContracts enable a compiler and language-independent specification of Contracts (precondition, postconditions and object invariants). Clousot checks every method in isolation using an assume/guarantee reasoning: For each method under analysis Clousot assumes its precondition and asserts the postcondition. For each invoked method, Clousot asserts its precondition and assumes the postcondition. Clousot also checks the absence of common runtime errors, such as null-pointer errors, buffer or array overruns, divisions by zero, as well as less common ones such as checked integer overflows or floating point precision mismatches in comparisons. At the core of Clousot there is an abstract interpretation engine which infers program facts. Facts are used to discharge the assertions. The use of abstract interpretation (vs usual weakest precondition-based checkers) has two main advantages: (i) the checker automatically infers loop invariants letting the user focus only on boundary specifications; (ii) the checker is deterministic in its behavior (which abstractly mimics the flowof the program) and it can be tuned for precision and cost. Clousot embodies other techniques, such as iterative domain refinement, goal-directed backward propagation, precondition and postcondition inference, and message prioritization.
Satisfaction with Body Image and Peer Relationships for Males and Females in a College Environment

The purpose of this study was to examine body image and relationship satisfaction in male and female college students. A total of 101 males and 187 females, primarily Caucasian and middle class, completed a questionnaire designed to measure satisfaction with specific body parts, overall body characteristics, and relationship status. These variables were examined in light of gender and body size differences. Results indicated that women, especially those under or above average weight, were more dissatisfied with their appearance than were men, whereas men were more dissatisfied with their relationships and sex lives than were women. In addition, those body parts with which each gender was most dissatisfied were consistent with the body parts emphasized through “ideal” images. These results are discussed in relation to gender role dynamics and societal pressures.
Greater Case-Fatality after Myocardial Infarction among Mexican Americans and Women than among Non-Hispanic Whites and Men: The Corpus Christi Heart Project

Age-adjusted 28-day case-fatality rates were higher among Mexican Americans than among non-Hispanic whites and higher among women than among men hospitalized for definite or possible myocardial infarction in Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas, from May 1, 1988, through April 30, 1990. The authors therefore examined whether these higher case-fatality rates were associated with greater prevalence of previously diagnosed coronary heart disease or diabetes; with greater age, frequency of definite myocardial infarction, or congestive heart failure; with higher values of indicators of severity of infarction, including peak creatine phosphokinase levels and scales prognostic of early mortality after myocardial infarction; and with differences in receipt of in-hospital therapy. The overall 28-day case-fatality rate among 1,228 patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction during a 24-month period was 7.3%. After adjustment for age; diabetes; myocardial infarction class (definite vs. possible); congestive heart failure; the Norris and Peel severity indices; peak total creatine phosphokinase; and receipt of thrombolytic therapy, aspirin, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, anticoagulants, angioplasty, and bypass surgery, the risk of 28-day case-fatality for Mexican Americans in relation to non-Hispanic whites was 1.49 (95% confidence interval 0.92-2.40). The corresponding risk for women in relation to men was 1.80 (95% confidence interval 1.12-2.89). These findings should alert clinicians to the high-risk status of these groups of patients.
Role of the fibroblast growth factor receptor axis in cholangiocarcinoma

Advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal disease with limited therapeutic options beyond cytotoxic chemotherapy. Molecular profiling of CCA has provided insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and identified potential therapeutic targets. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) axis is important for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Aberrations in FGFR activity have been implicated in the development and progression of CCA and other malignancies, which has generated significant interest in exploring FGFR's therapeutic potential. FGFR2 fusion events are present in up to 17% of intrahepatic CCAs and appear to predict sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors even after progression on chemotherapy. These observations have led to a clinical trial evaluating FGFR inhibition in patients with CCA enriched for FGFR alterations. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of the FGFR pathway in cholangiocarcinogenesis and ongoing work in developing FGFR-directed therapies as an antineoplastic strategy for CCA.
APPLICATION OF EXIT-PLANE WAVE FUNCTION IMAGES IN HIGH-RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF III–V SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES

An image simulation study is performed to investigate the applicability of exit-plane wave function (EPWF) images for an atomic-level compositional mapping of interfaces in the GaAs–AlAs system. A simple procedure for quantifying the composition across an interface, which is based on the method of factorial analysis of correspondence is proposed. A test of this procedure on a simulated EPWF-phase image of Al0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs/Al0.4Ga0.6As structure, with an atomically abrupt interface on one side and a graded interface on the other, yields profiles which mimic the model-profiles.
A Fantastic Potpourri

Sam Moskowitz, editor. The Man Who Called Himself Poe. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, 1969. 244 pp. $4.95.
Regulation of β-1,3-glucanase activity in developing anthers of Lilium

Abstract Lilium microsporocytes have specialized walls consisting of callose, presumably a polymer of β-1,3-glucose. At the termination of meiosis, the walls undergo sudden and rapid dissolution resulting in the liberation of young microspores. This event is correlated with a sharp peak in activity of β-1,3-glucanase. The activity is localized in the somatic region of the anther with less than 7.3% of the total activity associated with the microsporocytes at any time during meiosis. Thus β-1,3-glucanase appears to be an enzyme necessary to the development of meiotic cells but whose action is mediated by the surrounding somatic tissue rather than by the meiotic cells themselves.
Use of monkey neonatal neurobehavioral test batteries in safety testing protocols.

Developmental neurobehavioral test batteries are important in assessing potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of new chemicals and drugs. They provide a broad-based evaluation of a range of nervous system functions at a period of life when learning and adaptation are particulary critical. Nonhuman primates are an especially appropriate test species because of their similarities to humans in complexity of brain function and prolonged intrauterine brain development. Problems arise, however, in the analysis and interpretation of data bases generated when a relatively small number of animals are tested on a relatively large number of items. A 2-week neonatal test battery for rhesus monkey infants is described along with approaches to experimental design and statistical analyses that are helpful in providing sound and useful interpretation.