cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diversity, Nonlinearity, Seasonality, and Memory Effect in ENSO Simulation and Prediction Using Empirical Model Reduction

AbstractA suite of empirical model experiments under the empirical model reduction framework are conducted to advance the understanding of ENSO diversity, nonlinearity, seasonality, and the memory effect in the simulation and prediction of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The model training and evaluation are carried out using 4000-yr preindustrial control simulation data from the coupled model GFDL CM2.1. The results show that multivariate models with tropical Pacific subsurface information and multilevel models with SST history information both improve the prediction skill dramatically. These two types of models represent the ENSO memory effect based on either the recharge oscillator or the time-delayed oscillator viewpoint. Multilevel SST models are a bit more efficient, requiring fewer model coefficients. Nonlinearity is found necessary to reproduce the ENSO diversity feature for extreme events. The nonlinear models reconstruct the skewed probability density function of SST an...
In Situ and Satellite Evaluation of Air–Sea Flux Variation near Ocean Temperature Gradients

AbstractObservations of ocean–atmosphere coupling across persistent mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) gradients are used to examine the controls of atmospheric stability, pressure gradient force, and heat flux that are considered central to oft-observed coupling between wind and SST. Moored air–sea flux measurements near the Gulf Stream are combined with QuikSCAT satellite scatterometer equivalent neutral wind (ENW) data to assess correlations between SST, air–sea fluxes, pressure, and wind perturbations at scales of 10–100 days. The net effect of ocean fronts meandering past the site enabled buoy observation of SST impacts on wind, with coupling coefficients of 0.3–0.5 similar to past studies. Wind stress–SST and ENW–SST correlation coefficients are slightly higher, and roughly 20% of the ENW perturbation is attributed to stratification impacts predicted by Monin–Obukhov (MO) similarity theory. Significantly higher correlation is observed when relating wind or stress perturbations to buoyant heat f...
Social Policies, Attribution of Responsibility, and Political Alignments A Subnational Analysis of Argentina and Brazil

This article assesses how the political context shapes policy implementation in decentralized countries. It finds that effective implementation of non-contributory social policies depends on politi...
sort by day, burn by night and transcrypt

(2007). sort by day, burn by night/transcrypt. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 33, Pacific Canada: Beyond the 49th Parallel, pp. 141-142.
The Area Tests of the Graduate Record Examination as a Partial Criterion of Academic Success

A MAJOR PROBLEM in the prediction of academ ic success in college has been the matter of a d e quate criteria, that is, adequate means for specify ing who is and who is not a superior or inferior stu dent. The demonstrable effectiveness of any pre dictor system is limited by the adequacy of the c r i teria employed. Past failures of ability and achieve ment tests to predict academic success with greater accuracy may be attributable, at least in par t, to weaknesses in the conventional operational defini tions of "academic success. " The most commonly employed criterion of aca demic success has been some measure based upon academic grades such as grade-point-average (GPA) or quality-point-ratio. Such measures have a number of weaknesses. One problem is that they are based upon extremely crude discriminations among students. When one looks at GPA scores ex pressed to two or three decimalplaces,one may for get that this score is based upon a fouror five step discrimination in the original grade (i. e., A, B, C, D, F). Furthermore, grades are s ub j e c t to biases affecting some groups of students but not others. One example is the matter of different grading customs in different academic departments, i. e., some departments are "easier, " other de partments are "harder. " Such biases make the sig nificance of a particular GPA score different for stu dents who have taken different programs of study. On the positive side, it can be noted that GPA does reflect, to some degree, an effort factor on the part of the student. In most good colleges, the only way to obtain good grades is to work for them. Thus, when one encounters a student with a high GPA, one can assume that this student has applied himself well to his studies, and this factor, most persons would agree, is a relevant consideration in the meas urement of academic success. A final point with re gard to GPA is that this index has become a datum of great practical importance in many situations, e. g., in admission to graduate study. While GPA may leave much to be desired as a criterion of aca demic success, it must be taken into consideration in any study of academic success where the results are to be considered of practical significance.
Tumors involving the skin of the upper extremity.

SUMMARY This review can only introduce the subject of tumors found involving the skin of the upper extremity. Many benign masses as well as some malignant tumors have to be considered when a patient calls to the physician's attention a lump, firm area, color change, ulcer, or other alteration in the skin. In response, the physician must have a high index of suspicion, take a careful history, and carry out a thorough examination in order to develop a safe approach. Thought has to be given to the complex anatomy of this area. Understanding of the pathophysiology of tumors and of possible later additional therapy is needed to plan an appropriate biopsy. In the brief discussions of treatment, the difficulty in choosing margins of resection and assessing the efficacy of lymph node dissection is mentioned. An open mind and assessment of future reports of studies in progress may be helpful. Whatever treatment is applied to the malignant tumors under consideration, it is my opinion that one must persist in this until one obtains tumorfree margins. The surgeon undertaking this responsibility must apply the same tumor techniques including operating room discipline that would be applied to any serious malignancy. 3 Consultation and careful work with colleagues that are able to assess the potential for response to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, should be sought. Subtle hazards in our environment, such as changing risk of sun exposure, industrial chemicals, and irradiation should be pointed out to our patients. These are a challenge to the student of this subject, just as tobacco products are to those involved with malignancies of the head and neck, respiratory, and other systems. All of the previously mentioned methods must be used in the anatomically complex upper extremity to preserve function while ridding the patient of the burden of a disfiguring or painful benign process, or even a life-threatening malignancy.
Survey finds improvement in cognitive biases that drive overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria after a successful antimicrobial stewardship intervention.

Background Lack of guideline knowledge and cognitive biases are barriers that drive overtreatment of catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). We explored whether providers' knowledge and attitudes toward management of ASB differed before and after a multifaceted guidelines implementation intervention, reported elsewhere. Methods We surveyed providers' knowledge of guidelines, cognitive-behavioral constructs, and self-reported familiarity with the relevant Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. The survey was administered to providers in the preintervention (n = 169) and postintervention (n = 157) periods at the intervention site and postintervention (n = 65) at the comparison site. Results At the intervention site, the mean knowledge score increased significantly during the postintervention period (from 57.5%-69.9%; P Conclusions We identified and targeted specific barriers that drive overtreatment of ASB. Guideline implementation interventions targeting cognitive biases are essential for encouraging the application of ASB guidelines into practice.
High-Throughput Screening of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistant Genes in CML

Genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screening in mammalian cells has proven to be a powerful tool for identifying new genes and molecular pathways relevant to many cellular processes and diseases. For example, screening for genes that, when inactivated, lead to resistance to cancer therapeutic drugs can reveal new mechanisms for how resistance develops and identify potential targetable strategies to overcome drug resistance. Here, we describe a detailed procedure for performing a high-throughput RNAi screen using a genome-wide human short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library for identifying tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistance genes in a human CML cell line model.
Option Trading Leverage and Stock Returns

Informed investors choose optimal leverage as a function of risk and cost. In the option market, they establish the chosen exposure using options of low leverage which are more liquid. On the other hand, noise traders prefer options of high leverage which have more lottery-like payoff. Such divergent preferences provide an opportunity to detect informed trading in the option market. In this paper I examine volume-weighted average of option leverage named Option Trading Leverage Ratio (OTLR). Portfolios with the lowest OTLR underperform portfolios with the highest OTLR by 1.28% monthly or 15% annually. Predicative relationship between OTLR and earnings-related information indicates that better skills in processing public information contributes to the advantage of informed option investors. Empirical findings are consistent with low OTLR capturing negative informed option trading due to the short-sale constraints of the stock market and liquidity concern of sophisticated investors. This paper contributes to the understanding of information flow in a multi-market environment.
Students' Outcome Expectation on Spiritual and Religious Competency: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis.

In this study, 74 master’s-level counseling students from various programs completed a questionnaire inquiring about their perceived program environment in relation to the topics of spirituality and religion (S/R), program emphasis on nine specific S/R competencies, as well as their outcome expectations toward being S/R competent through training. The results of hierarchical regression analysis supported the impact of both learning environment and specific S/R competencies on student outcome expectations. Implications for counselor educators are considered.
Lymphatic endothelial progenitors originate from plastic myeloid cells activated by toll-like receptor-4.

BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived lymphatic endothelial cells (M-LECP) are induced by inflammation and play an important role in adult lymphangiogenesis. However, the mechanisms driving M-LECP differentiation are currently unclear. We previously showed that activation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) induces myeloid-lymphatic transition (MLT) of immortalized mouse myeloid cells. Here the goals were to assess the potential of different TLR4 ligands to induce pro-lymphatic reprogramming in human and mouse primary myeloid cells and to identify transcriptional changes regulating this process. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Human and mouse myeloid cells were reprogrammed to the lymphatic phenotype by TLR4 ligands including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), recombinant high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), and paclitaxel. TLR4 induced similar MLT in cells from mice of different strains and immune status. Commonly induced genes were detected by transcriptional profiling in human and mouse myeloid cells from either immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice. Shared trends included: (1) novel expression of lymphatic-specific markers vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and podoplanin (PDPN) largely absent prior to induction; (2) lack of notable changes in blood vessel-specific markers; (3) transient expression of VEGFR-3, but sustained increase of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and a variety of inflammatory cytokines; (4) dependency of VEGFR-3 upregulation and other LEC genes on NF-κB; and (5) novel expression of lymphatic-specific (e.g., PROX1) and stem/progenitor (e.g., E2F1) transcription factors known for their roles in adult and embryonic vascular formation. M-LECP generated by TLR4 ligands in vitro were functional in vivo as demonstrated by significantly increased lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic metastasis detected in orthotopic breast cancer models. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We established a novel TLR4-dependent protocol for in vitro production of functionally competent M-LECP from primary human or mouse myeloid cells and identified many potential regulators of this process. This information can be further exploited for research and therapeutic purposes.
Sub-optimal user scheduling for MU-MIMO system using channel quantization with two-stage feedback

We considered a multi-user MIMO broadcast (BC) system with multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver sides. A scheduling scheme using semi-orthogonal user selection (SUS) with zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) is implemented. The total feedback load required in ZFBF systems is reduced by implementing a two stage feedback scheme by restricting the number of users to participate in each stage of scheduling. The minimal number of users participated in the scheduling process, the total channel state information (CSI) feedback from user side decreases drastically. Each user calculates its expected signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and quantizes its channel direction information (CDI) vector. For this we use a codebook to generate the quantize CDI. A receiver combining strategy called the maximum expected SINR combiner (MESC) is used at the receiver side. In our approach we use the expectation of SINR rather than actual SINR of each user. The achieved sum-rate capacity of the proposed system is simulated and compared with existing ZFBF-SUS system. The effect of codebook size on the system performance is also investigated.
Type II Diabetes and Incidence of Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer in African American Women

White women with type II diabetes (T2D) have an estimated 20% increased risk of developing breast cancer. Little is known about associations by breast cancer subtype or among African American (AA) women, who are disproportionately affected by T2D and estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer. We assessed the relation of T2D to incidence of ER- and ER+ breast cancer in data from the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort of AA women enrolled in 1995 and followed biennially. During 847,934 person-years of follow-up, there were 1,851 incident invasive breast cancers, including 914 ER+ and 468 ER- cases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute HRs for breast cancer incidence associated with T2D relative to no T2D, controlling for body mass index (BMI) and other potential confounders. The HR for T2D relative to no T2D was 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.40] for overall breast cancer incidence, with the increase accounted for by ER- cancer: HRs were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.80-1.31) for ER+ and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.03-2.00) for ER- cancer. The HR for T2D and ER- breast cancer was highest among nonobese women (1.92; 95% CI, 1.22-3.04). The findings suggest that AA women with T2D are at increased risk of developing ER- breast cancer and that poor metabolic health may be more important than obesity for this subtype. Given the high prevalence of T2D in AA women, the observed association could, in part, explain racial disparities in incidence of ER- breast cancer. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6462-9. ©2017 AACR.
Contractile Protein Genes and Cardiac Muscle Development

In certain respects the fetal heart resembles a small version of the adult heart. It fulfills similar functions in that it is required to fill, develop pressure, expel blood, and relax, thereby ensuring continuous circulation of blood. At the cellular and molecular level there are, however, significant differences. It can be demonstrated, for example, that muscle from adult heart has a greater ability to generate tension compared to fetal;1,2 adult and fetal cardiac muscle fibers show differing responses to intracellular calcium,3 differing resistance to acidosis4,5 and differing responses to adrenergic stimulation.6,7 Such developmental differences in contractility have important clinical implications in the understanding and treatment of cardiac disease in neonates and infants.
Significance of intra-operative blood pressure data resolution: A retrospective, observational study

Background: With evolving techniques for analysis of blood pressure (BP) variability, the importance of sampling resolution for intra-operative BP still remains to be examined. This study aims at comparing BP data with beat-by-beat vs. 15 second resolution. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of intra-arterial BP data obtained from cardiac surgical patients from the intra-operative period. Data was collected from two sources for each patient, one with beat-by-beat frequency, other at a frequency of once every 15 seconds. The fraction of time and area under the curve beyond systolic BP thresholds of 95 - 135 mmHg were calculated using data from both sources, for each patient. These were compared using Wilcoxon ranked sum test for paired samples using R-statistics version 3.4.3. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the parameters from the two sources. This was especially true for parameters below and outside the thresholds. Only time fraction showed significant difference above the 135 mmHg threshold. Conclusion: Our preliminary analysis shows a definitive difference between BP descriptors, depending on sampling resolution. But the impact of this difference on the outcome predicting models of the parameters stands to be ascertained. Future larger studies, powered to examine the impact of sampling resolution on outcome predictive ability of BP descriptors, with special emphasis on dynamic markers of complexity are warranted.
Potential Clinical Benefits of a Two-bag System for Fluid Management in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Introduction Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that requires appropriate treatment with insulin and intravenous fluids. Both one-bag and two-bag systems of fluid management are used to treat pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. Aim of the study We compare the one-bag and two-bag systems of fluid managementwith regard to incidence of hypoglycemia, serum bicarbonate correction, pH correction and discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Method This was a retrospective study of 61 patients less than 21 years old admitted to the PICU with a diagnosis of DKA. Of the 61 patients, 38 were treated with the one-bag system and 23 treated with the two-bag system. Results The two-bag system had significantly (p=0.03) lower incidence of hypoglycemia (n=2, 8.7%) compared to the one-bag system (n=13, 34.2%). The two-bag system had significantly (p=0.001) fewer hours of PICU stay (M=29.6, SD=15.23) than the one-bag system (M=47.9, SD=22.32). However, there were no significant differences between the bag systems for hours for pH and bicarbonate correction. Conclusion The two-bag system is associated with lower incidence of hypoglycemia and faster discharge from the PICU. We recommend that clinicians consider using the two-bag system for fluid management in pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.
Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving Between (and Within) Intelligent Agents

Cooperative distributed problem solving (CDPS) is a branch of artificial intelligence research that studies how intelligent agents coordinate their activities to collectively solve problems that are beyond their individual capabilities. Coordination is viewed as a knowledge-based activity that is fundamental to intelligence, and the goal of CDPS is to identify the knowledge and reasoning processes employed by cooperating agents. CDPS has tapped natural and social metaphors, including ideas from fields such as management science, anthropology, and linguistics. Moreover, while the emphasis of CDPS has been on interactions between loosely-coupled agents that are individually intelligent, the emergence of intelligence from less sophisticated and more tightly-coupled agents has also been of interest. In this paper, I review some of the principal ideas in CDPS research. I then attempt to identify some of the differences between CDPS and more neurally-inspired approaches that impede the flow of technologies between the areas. Finally, I conclude with a discussion of possibilities for synergistic idea exchanges between the approaches, including the use of cooperative problem solving to develop an intelligent real-time control architecture for an individual agent.
Assessment of economic competencies using a matrix puzzle and a document analysis

In this article, the author presents two alternative approaches to the assessment of competencies in economics. The first is a concept assessment as a matrix puzzle. The rows of the matrix are the ...
Is malnutrition associated with postoperative complications in patients with primary bone sarcomas

BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors that can be optimized to minimize postoperative complications in patients with bone sarcomas are yet to be identified. METHODS We retrospectively identified 275 patients aged 18 and older who underwent surgery for primary bone sarcomas who also had albumin values recorded within 4 weeks before surgery. Postoperative complications were defined as infection, hematoma, need for additional surgery, or wound complications. RESULTS In the multivariate analysis, age (P = 0.049) and neoadjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.008) were independently associated with postoperative complications. We then performed a subanalysis of patients without a pelvic tumor who also did not receive radiotherapy (n = 178). In this population, albumin less than 2.8 g/dL was found to be independently associated with postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR], 4.69. 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.03-21.97; P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 2.8 g/dL) is associated with postoperative complications in patients with nonpelvic bone sarcomas who do not receive radiation. Future studies are necessary to further elucidate the role of nutrition, and they may show that nutritional status is a modifiable risk factor that can be optimized to improve the outcome of surgery for primary bone sarcomas.
Postoperative course following complex major pediatric urologic surgery: A single surgeon experience

Abstract Background/Purpose Payers have established unplanned returns as quality measures tied to reimbursement. We sought to identify patient characteristics and surgical factors associated with unplanned returns and postoperative complications following intraabdominal pediatric urologic procedures. Only one study has emergency room visits in pediatric urology, but included only limited case complexity. Methods We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of all pediatric patients who underwent urological surgery from 2007 to 2016 by a single surgeon. Univariate and multivariate regressions were used to determine factors associated with length of stay, unplanned ER visits and readmissions. Results A total of 372 cases were included, of which 251 were robotic and 121 were open. Overall, the rate of ER visits was 19%, rate of readmissions was 8.7%, and rate of reoperations was 4.3%. We found that the odds of a urologic ER visit and Clavien grade II (infectious) complications were comparatively lower for robotic surgery, but not readmission. Undergoing a lower tract procedure was significantly associated with a related ER visit; however, patient insurance status was not related to unplanned returns. Conclusions Procedure characteristics, not patient demographics were associated with unplanned returns. Robotic approach was associated with fewer ER visits and infectious complications, indicating potential cost savings. Levels of Evidence Level 3 Treatment Study.
Pediatric Endocrinology Trainees' Education and Knowledge About Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitors.

Abstract Background: Recent data demonstrating a lack of improvement in average hemoglobin A1c levels despite the increased use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) suggest that ...
The Enduring Effects of Mother–Child Interactions on Episodic Memory in Adulthood

Objective To examine the enduring effects of retrospective reports of early life mother-child interactions on psychosocial and cognitive functioning later in life. Background Mother-child interactions have been linked to cognitive outcomes in childhood, however, little work has examined whether early life mother-child interactions have far-reaching effects on episodic memory in adulthood. Early life mother-child interactions may also influence cognitive functioning in adulthood indirectly through the development of academic competence (education attainment), social competence (marital satisfaction, social support, contact frequency), and/or depressive symptoms. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study sibling respondents (1993-2011; baseline: 29-79 years), we examined how retrospective positive mother-child interactions (PMCI) and negative mother-child interactions (NMCI) were independently associated with episodic memory. Structural equation modeling was used to model direct and indirect pathways from PMCI and NMCI to episodic memory and latent change in episodic memory. Results More PMCI retrospectively reported at T1 were associated with higher T2 memory and less memory decline from T2 to T3 via higher education. Additionally, more PMCI were associated with higher T2 memory through greater marital satisfaction. Independent of these indirect effects, more PMCI and NMCI were each associated with higher T2 memory, but not memory change. Conclusion Mother-child interactions appeared to have an enduring effect on episodic memory in adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of taking a more integrative and lifespan perspective to assess how early life experiences affect socioemotional and cognitive development.
Pharmacogenomics Clinical Annotation Tool (PharmCAT)

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) decision support and return of results is an active area of precision medicine. One challenge of implementing PGx is extracting genomic variants and assigning haplotypes in order to apply prescribing recommendations and information from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB), etc. Pharmacogenomics Clinical Annotation Tool (PharmCAT) (i) extracts variants specified in guidelines from a genetic data set derived from sequencing or genotyping technologies, (ii) infers haplotypes and diplotypes, and (iii) generates a report containing genotype/diplotype-based annotations and guideline recommendations. We describe PharmCAT and a pilot validation project comparing results for 1000 Genomes Project sequences of Coriell samples with corresponding Genetic Testing Reference Materials Coordination Program (GeT-RM) sample characterization. PharmCAT was highly concordant with the GeT-RM data. PharmCAT is available in GitHub to evaluate, test, and report results back to the community. As precision medicine becomes more prevalent, our ability to consistently, accurately, and clearly define and report PGx annotations and prescribing recommendations is critical.
Development of a scale to measure intrapersonal factors influencing speaking up in the operating room.

This paper reports on the development of a scale to measure intrapersonal factors (IPF) that may influence speaking up behaviour in the operating room. Participants were postgraduate year 2, 3, and 4 anaesthesiology residents and practising faculty anaesthesiologists at a large quaternary care academic hospital. Based on a literature review, the authors constructed the initial scale. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying factor structure for the scale. A set of one-way ANOVAs and multiple ordinal regressions were carried out to provide additional validity evidence for the new scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor solution accounting for 73% of the variance. The self-efficacy subscale included four items (Cronbach’s α = 0.86), and the social outcome expectations (Cronbach’s α = 0.86) and assertive attitude (Cronbach’s α = 0.67) subscales contained three items each. The effect of training level was significantly associated with self-efficacy (p < 0.001) and assertive attitude subscale scores (p < 0.001). Multiple ordinal regressions indicated that IPF predicted participants’ likelihood of speaking up in various hypothetical scenarios. Our analyses provided initial evidence for the validity and reliability of a 10-item IPF scale. This instrument needs to be validated in other cohorts.
EVALUATING PRE–TEST PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS IN LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS

Consider a linear regression problem where it is desired to predict (at a setting of the fixed variables whether a future response (the dependent variable) will exceed a given threshold. We study loss functions that are 1 for incorrect predictions and 0 otherwise. We first show that such a problem is equivalent, in a sense, to a hypothesis testing problem. The sense is that the admissible rules for the two problems are the same. For the prediction problem we consider the procedures that make a terminal decision after a preliminary test. That is, for example, our final prediction is based on a statistic involving p or (p–1) independent variables depending on the outcome of a preliminary test. The preliminary test method is a popular variable selection procedure. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the admissibility of such procedures.
The correlation analysis of the multi-source and heterogeneous data based on drilling information of the layered formation

In order to effectively identify the geological information of the layered formation, the drilling information obtained from the independent drilling test-bed was analyzed and aligned through the information fusion technology, and the heterogeneous data was constructed. The corresponding relationship between the drilling information of the drilling rigs and the layered formation characteristics was established by using data mining method, and the combination of the sensitive drilling parameters was screened. The relationship between various drilling parameters was analyzed by principal component analysis, and the output analysis model of the typical layered formation characteristics was established. The characteristic roots and eigenvectors of each principal component were calculated. The appropriate principal component was selected according to the cumulative contribution rate greater than 90%. The original drilling parameter information could be analyzed by calculating the comprehensive score. The results show that the optimization method is reasonable and feasible, which lays a foundation for the real-time and accurate identification of the characteristics of the coal and rock while drilling.
48. Fusion and decompression vs decompression only for lumbar facet cysts

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Lumbar facet cysts are associated with radiculopathy, neurogenic claudication and higher risk of dural tears. Consensus on the best method to address these lesions is lacking (fusion vs decompression only). Outcomes after surgery are of increasing interest to spine surgeons, particularly when seeking to offer the most conservative, yet effective, option. Our objective is to describe complications, outcomes and recurrence rates following surgical intervention of facet cysts. PURPOSE To evaluate surgical outcomes of facet cyst treatment. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cohort PATIENT SAMPLE Patients with lumbar facet cyst treated at a single site by multiple surgeons between 2009 and 2017. OUTCOME MEASURES Revision surgeries, estimated blood loss, adjacent segment disease, length of hospital stay. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with lumbar facet cysts who underwent treatment for their condition at a single academic tertiary care facility between 2008 and 2018. Patients underwent surgical treatment (fusion + decompression [DF] or decompression only [DO]). All patients were evaluated for surgical approach, facet cyst level, postop complication, cyst recurrence, EBL and length of hospital stay. Adjacent segment disease rates were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 140 patients were assessed. Mean age was 63.4 (43-93) including 80F and 60M. A total of 114 underwent DO and 26 patients underwent DF. The majority of the cysts 56% (n=78) were at L4-L5, followed by 24% (n=34) at L5-S1, 16% (n=22) at L3-L4 and 4% (n=6) at L2-L3. The recurrence rate in the DO group was 8% (9/114) as compared to 0 in the DF (p CONCLUSIONS Patients who undergo DF have an increased risk of adjacent segment degeneration but decreased rate of recurrence. The rate of cyst recurrence is higher among those treated by decompression alone; however, adjacent segment disease, blood loss, and length of hospital stay are lower. Four patients treated initially with DO underwent revision procedures with fusions after cyst recurrence. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Decoding the Hidden Curriculum: Latino/a First-Generation College Students’ Influence on Younger Siblings’ Educational Trajectory

Past research demonstrates that familial and community support can aid the academic success of Latino/a students. However, few studies explore how older siblings influence their younger siblings’ e...
Antibody-based strategies in HIV therapy.

ABSTRACT Antibody-based strategies have been introduced for a number of disease states, but represent a novel approach in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ibalizumab and leronlimab are monoclonal antibodies with unique mechanisms as a CD4-directed post-attachment inhibitor and a C-C chemokine receptor type 5-directed inhibitor, respectively. These antibody-based strategies are generally well tolerated, have a favourable pharmacokinetic profile allowing for less-frequent dosing, and have a high barrier to resistance. Ibalizumab is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for management of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) HIV infection in patients who are failing their current regimens. Clinical data demonstrated impressive antiretroviral activity with ibalizumab among a complex HIV population in combination with an optimized background regimen, where limited therapeutic options exist. To date, leronlimab has not been granted approval by the US FDA, but has been designated fast-track status. Leronlimab is being studied as a maintenance monotherapy agent in virologically suppressed patients, as well as for treatment of MDR HIV infection in patients who are failing their current regimens. Currently available data in both of these potential areas appear promising for leronlimab. The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic profile, efficacy and safety of these novel antibody-based strategies represent an advance in the management of HIV. Future studies and post-marketing experience will further determine longer-term clinical efficacy, safety and resistance data for ibalizumab and leronlimab.
William Desmond, Jean-Luc Marion, and the Passion of Charity

Theologians have recently shown interest in the work of Irish metaphysician William Desmond. A prevailing antimetaphysical sentiment may, however, discourage others from engaging his work. To allay concerns, this article brings Desmond into conversation with Jean-Luc Marion on the topic of divine revelation. The purpose is twofold. First, for those wary of metaphysics, this essay demonstrates that Desmond's metaxology evades Marion's critique and, more importantly, shows how the two thinkers share a “familial intimacy.” Despite the opposition between metaphysics and phenomenology, this intimacy renders them companion thinkers. Second, this companionship is theologically beneficial to Desmond. With Marion as guide, we consider how the concept of divine charity can be added into Desmond's metaphysics in what I call the passio caritatis, or “passion of charity.” The article concludes by suggesting how undergoing the passio caritatis effects a theological expansion of Desmond's metaphysics and puts it at the service of theological reflection.
Energy efficient supercritical water desalination using a high-temperature heat pump: A zero liquid discharge desalination

Abstract Supercritical water desalination (SCWD) is zero liquid discharge technology that can potentially control the solubility of different electrolytes. However, SCWD is an energy-intensive process and requires high-quality thermal heat (> 450 °C). This study proposes the integration of a high-temperature heat pump to reduce the SCWD energy requirement. The integrated system energy consumption improves by 36% for 3.5% feed concentration and 14% for 20% feed, and the distillate cost reduces by 15% and 10%. Another benefit of the proposed integration is the system can be operated using only electricity as a heat source, as is the case with commonly used high-recovery thermal desalination technology. The integrated SCWD-heat pump system shows superior performance compared to the commercially used brine concentrator and crystallizer system. It is approximately 20% more energy-efficient for 25% feed concentration and 8% cheaper. Hence, the integrated SCWD-heat pump has the potential to outperform the pre-existing high-recovery desalination technology.
Fault Detection and Isolation for Autonomous Parafoils

Autonomous precision airdrop systems are widely used to de- liver supplies to remote locations. Payloads that are delivered far from their intended targets or with high impact velocity may be rendered unusable. Faults occurring during flight can severely degrade vehicle performance, effectively nullifying the value of the guided system, or worse. Quickly detecting and identifying faults enables the choice of an appropriate recovery strategy, potentially mitigating the consequences of an out-of-control vehicle and recovering performance. This paper presents a multi-observer, multi-residual fault detection and isolation (FDI) method for an autonomous parafoil system. The detection and isolation processes use residual signals generated from observers and other system models. statistical methods are applied to evaluate these residuals and determine whether a fault has occurred, given a priori knowledge of system uncertainty characteristics. Several examples are used to illustrate the detection and isolation algorithm on- line using available navigation and telemetry outputs. Tests of this FDI method on a large number of high-fidelity simulations indicate that it is possible to detect and isolate some common faults with a high percentage of success and a very small chance of raising a false alarm.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Mechanisms and signaling pathways connecting classical and rare OI types.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous skeletal dysplasia characterized by bone fragility, growth deficiency and skeletal deformity. Previously known to be caused by defects in type I collagen, the major protein of extracellular matrix, it is now also understood to be a collagen-related disorder caused by defects in collagen folding, post-translational modification and processing, bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation, with inheritance of OI types spanning autosomal dominant and recessive as well as X-linked recessive. This review provides the latest updates on OI, encompassing both classical OI and rare forms, their mechanism and the signaling pathways involved in their pathophysiology. There is a special emphasis on mutations in type I procollagen C-propeptide structure and processing, the later causing OI with strikingly high bone mass. Types V and VI OI, while notably different, are shown to be interrelated by the IFITM5 p.S40L mutation that reveals the connection between the BRIL and PEDF pathways. The function of Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis has been extended beyond cholesterol metabolism to bone formation by defects in RIP components S2P and OASIS. Several recently proposed candidate genes for new types of OI are also presented. Discoveries of new OI genes add complexity to already-challenging OI management; current and potential approaches are summarized.
Irradiance and Temperature Control Chamber for Testing Solar Cell Performance

This report describes the design, construction, and validation of an irradiance and temperature control chamber used to measure temperature-dependent current voltage characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells under varying conditions in order to reveal fundamental device physics and materials science issues as they relate to terrestrial and space-based performance.
The Anthropology of Intentions: Language in a World of Others

How and to what extent do people take into account the intentions of others? Alessandro Duranti sets out to answer this question, showing that the role of intentions in human interaction is variable across cultures and contexts. Through careful analysis of data collected over three decades in US and Pacific societies, Duranti demonstrates that, in some communities, social actors avoid intentional discourse, focusing on the consequences of actions rather than on their alleged original goals. In other cases, he argues, people do speculate about their own intentions or guess the intentions of others, including in some societies where it was previously assumed they avoid doing so. To account for such variation, Duranti proposes an 'intentional continuum', a concept that draws from phenomenology and the detailed analysis of face-to-face interaction. A combination of new essays and classic re-evaluations, the book draws together findings from anthropology, linguistics and philosophy to offer a penetrating account of the role of intentions in defining human action.
Chapter 14 Voltage Dependence of Na/K Pump Current

Publisher Summary Electrogenic ion transporters are so called because they can generate a steady flow of current through the membrane in which they are embedded. This means that at least one step in the transport cycle must involve net charge movement through the electric field across the membrane. The rate constants governing any such charge-translocating step are necessarily sensitive to changes in the membrane potential, in a direction and to an extent determined by the sign and number of the mobile charges and the fraction of the membrane field through which they move. If a voltage-sensitive step limits the rate of the electrogenic transport cycle, then the turnover rate of the pump, and hence the steady pump current, will vary with membrane potential. Although electroneutral transporters (or modes of transport), by definition, do not generate steady current flow, their transport reactions can nevertheless include voltage-sensitive, i.e., charge-translocating, steps as long as the net charge movement during each complete reaction cycle is zero. A simple hypothetical example of a voltage-dependent, yet electroneutral, transport cycle would be one in which two steps in the cycle involve identical charge movements over identical fractions of the membrane field, but in opposite directions.
Ethics Code Familiarity and Usefulness: Views on Idealist and Relativist Managers Under Varying Conditions of Turbulence

The purpose of this present research is to expand upon the foundation that codes of ethics are more useful guides to managers in their behavior and decision-making when managers are more familiar with code content and intentions. We explore whether the impact of code familiarity on code usefulness differs: (a) under varying conditions of turbulence and (b) between persons with relativist versus idealist personal values. Data have been collected from a sample of 1700 executives in member companies of the U.S. Direct Selling Association, and responses were received from 286 (16.8% returned). Perceptions of ethics code familiarity and usefulness decline as business turbulence increases. The decline in familiarity/usefulness was more pronounced for managers with a relativistic ethical orientation.
The plight of U.S. government regional depository libraries in the 1980s: Life in a pressure cooker

Abstract This article grew out of a presentation given by Richard Nicoles, then Regional Depository Librarian for the California State Library, at the Spring 1986 meeting of the Depository Library Council to the Public Printer in St. Louis, Missouri. Although space and staffing pressures on U.S. regional depositories continue to grow, only recently has much been done to alleviate their distress. This article examines the nature of those pressures and suggests possible alternatives to the present system for making a complete collection of U.S. government publications available in each state.
The obstetric inclinometer

Abstract 1. 1. The “inclinometer” is a mechanical device by which the obstetric diameters, the inclination of the pelvis as a whole and the angulation of the various planes may be read directly on the instrument and with great precision. 2. 2. The instrument is small, portable and practical for everyday use. 3. 3. Its application does not require an assistant and it may be properly sterilized. 4. 4. By means of the inclinometer we may visualize the interior of the pelvis in the form of the obstetric triangle, which is formed by the symphysis pubis, the diagonal and the true conjugate. 5. 5. Studies with the inclinometer indicate that our ordinary method of computing the true from the diagonal conjugate has frequently caused an underestimate of the degree of pelvic contraction. 6. 6. In some instances, what appears to be a borderline case proves to be one of absolutely contracted pelvis when studied with the aid of the obstetric inclinometer.
Computational Neuroscience: From Biology to Cognition

Computational neuroscience involves the construction of explicit computational models that implement neural mechanisms to simulate cognitive functions such as perception, learning and memory, motor function, and language. Keywords: neural networks; cognitive modeling; cognitive neuroscience; vision; memory
Thermal stresses in composite beams

Abstract Elementary beam theory including the effects of temperature is extended to composite beams of rectangular cross section. The validity of the theory and an estimate of the error in its use are established; the error is small for beams with nearly axial fiber reinforcement. Bounds on the thermal stress at each point and in each material are determined in a form especially useful for beams with a large number of uniformly distributed fibers.