cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Regulation of Neuronal Progranulin Reveals a Critical Role for the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway

Deficient progranulin levels cause dose-dependent neurological syndromes: haploinsufficiency leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and nullizygosity produces adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Mechanisms controlling progranulin levels are largely unknown. To better understand progranulin regulation, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen using an ELISA-based platform to discover genes that regulate progranulin levels in neurons. We identified 830 genes that raise or lower progranulin levels by at least 1.5-fold in Neuro2a cells. When inhibited by siRNA or some by submicromolar concentrations of small-molecule inhibitors, 33 genes of the druggable genome increased progranulin levels in mouse primary cortical neurons; several of these also raised progranulin levels in FTLD model mouse neurons. "Hit" genes regulated progranulin by transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of hit genes from the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), suggesting a key role for this pathway in regulating progranulin levels. Progranulin itself regulates lysosome function. We found progranulin deficiency in neurons increased autophagy and caused abnormally enlarged lysosomes and boosting progranulin levels restored autophagy and lysosome size to control levels. Our data link the ALP to neuronal progranulin: progranulin levels are regulated by autophagy and, in turn, progranulin regulates the ALP. Restoring progranulin levels by targeting genetic modifiers reversed FTLD functional deficits, opening up potential opportunities for future therapeutics development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Progranulin regulates neuron and immune functions and is implicated in aging. Loss of one functional allele causes haploinsufficiency and leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), the second leading cause of dementia. Progranulin gene polymorphisms are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and complete loss of function causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Despite the critical role of progranulin levels in neurodegenerative disease risk, almost nothing is known about their regulation. We performed an unbiased screen and identified specific pathways controlling progranulin levels in neurons. Modulation of these pathways restored levels in progranulin-deficient neurons and reversed FTLD phenotypes. We provide a new comprehensive understanding of the genetic regulation of progranulin levels and identify potential targets to treat FTLD and other neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
Designing community-scale energy feedback

Abstract Energy systems are evolving from large scale, centralized networks to decentralized, community-scale energy systems, within which citizens are expected to have much more central and proactive roles. Knowing that levels of citizen involvement can heavily influence the success and efficiency of community energy projects, research is exploring means to boost community-scale citizen participation within energy systems. Concurrently, building-level energy data is becoming increasingly available city-wide, which has potential to increase citizen learning and engagement with the energy performance in their community. However, research on how to make this data accessible, understandable, and useful to citizens is limited. This study applies findings from energy feedback literature to propose the design of a novel energy feedback system at the community scale. We demonstrate the principles that inform the design of our community energy feedback system in presenting the front- and back-end of a prototype system. We conclude with a discussion of this system’s limitations, plans for future research, and potential to improve citizen understanding, engagement, and behaviors with energy systems in order to achieve community-scale, and, by extension, urban scale, energy goals.
Theories of Personality and Psychopathology

An integrated theory of personality and of psychopathology must account for the broad range of normal and clinical phenomena that are explained by traditional theories. Further, a novel theory must link advantageously the separate domains and concepts drawn from earlier models. Most important, integrative theories must explain the workings of the normal personality in more inclusive terms than do any of the component systems. Explanations of abnormal behavior must lead to an enhanced understanding of etiology, to the maintenance of ongoing pathology, and, ultimately, to novel, integrative theories and methods of treatment.
A Dispersive Bound for Three-Dimensional Schrödinger Operators with Zero Energy Eigenvalues

We prove a dispersive estimate for the evolution of Schrodinger operators H = −Δ + V(x) in ℝ3. The potential is allowed to be a complex-valued function belonging to L p (ℝ3) ∩ L q (ℝ3), , so that H...
Limited Open Achilles Tendon Repair in Supine Position With Modified Ring Forceps: A Technique Tip.

We present a modification to prior Achilles tendon repair techniques that utilizes readily available noncommercial instrumentation, mini-open incisions, and supine positioning, thus maximizing surg...
Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding Management

Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the major causes of death in patients with cirrhosis. Even though in the last decades survival has been improved due to the widespread adoption of effective treatments and optimization of general medical care, mortality is still significantly high and remains about 15–20% in most recent series. Following the transition into the decompensated stage, cirrhosis progresses more rapidly toward death or liver transplantation, and decompensated patients pose a complex challenge requiring a multidisciplinary approach that is crucial to reduce mortality. The aim of the present chapter is to review the most recent advances in the management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, aiming to highlight useful information to aid hepatologists in the clinical practice.
Arrangements versus Agreements: Evaluating Two Approaches to Measuring Male Couples’ Rules and Understandings Around Sex with Outside Sex Partners

One- to two-thirds of new HIV infections among sexual minority men occur within the context of main partnerships. This has led to increasing attention to the rules and boundaries male couples form around sex with outside partners as a mechanism to manage HIV risk. These rules and boundaries have generally been operationalized either as a sexual agreement-the decisions couples make together about their sexual boundaries with outside partners-or a sexual arrangement-how couples handle sex outside the relationship, which may or may not involve an implicit or explicit consensus between partners. The goal of the current study was to examine the correspondence of these two approaches to the operationalization of rules and boundaries. Additionally, the study tested whether agreements and arrangements were differentially associated with dyadic communication and sexual behavior with casual partners. Results indicated a high level of correspondence between assessment methods. Similarly, patterns of sexual behaviors with casual partners were consistent across both sexual agreements and sexual arrangements. In contrast, patterns of communication varied as a function of assessment type. Specifically, constructive, avoidant, and sexual communication varied across sexual agreement types, whereas sexual arrangement types only differed with respect to constructive communication. These findings suggest that there is substantial overlap between arrangements and agreements. Findings particularly related to associations with sexual behavior may largely generalize across these methods of operationalization. In contrast, survey-reported sexual agreements were a more sensitive correlate of dyadic communication.
Glacial dust surpasses both volcanic ash and desert dust in its iron fertilization potential

The subarctic Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea comprise the second-largest high nitrate, low chlorophyll region in the world, where primary production is limited by the availability of iron (Fe). To es...
Transcriptome and physiological effects of toxaphene on the liver-gonad reproductive axis in male and female largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

Abstract Toxaphene is an organochlorine pesticide and environmental contaminant that is concerning due to its atmospheric transport and persistence in soil. In Florida, toxaphene and other organochlorine pesticides were used heavily in agriculture on the north shore of Lake Apopka and they are still detectable in soil. Wild largemouth bass that inhabit the lake and the marshes along the north shore have been exposed to a variety of organochlorine pesticides including dieldrin, methoxychlor, and p,p′-DDE, among others. While these other organochlorine pesticides have been studied for their endocrine disrupting effects in largemouth bass, there is little information for toxaphene. In this study, male and female largemouth bass were given food containing 50 mg/kg toxaphene for almost 3 months, to achieve tissue levels similar to those found in fish at Lake Apopka. Sex-specific toxicity was then evaluated by measuring various reproductive endpoints and transcriptomic changes. In females, gonadosomatic index showed a trend towards reduction (p = 0.051) and plasma vitellogenin was reduced by ~40% relative to controls. However plasma levels of 17β-estradiol and testosterone were not perturbed by toxaphene exposure. These data suggest that toxaphene does not act as a weak estrogen as many other organochlorine pesticides do, but rather appears to be acting as an antiestrogen in female fish. There were no obvious changes in the gonadosomatic index and plasma hormones in male bass. However, ex vivo explant experiments revealed that toxaphene prevented human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production in the testis. This suggested that toxaphene had anti-androgenic effects in males. Subsequent transcriptomic analyses of the testis revealed that androgen receptor/beta-2-microglobulin signaling was up-regulated while insulin-related pathways were suppressed with toxaphene, which could be interpreted as a compensatory response to androgen suppression. In the male liver, the transcriptome analysis revealed an overwhelming suppression in immune-related signaling cascades (e.g. lectin-like receptor and ITSM-Containing Receptor signaling, CD16/CD14 Proinflammatory Monocyte Activation, and CD38/CD3-JUN/FOS/NF-kB Signaling in T-cell Proliferation). Overall, this study showed that toxaphene induced sex-specific effects. The transcriptomic and physiological responses observed can contribute to the development of adverse outcome pathways for toxaphene exposure in fish.
Problematizing Immigration Restrictions during COVID-19 in the Social Studies Classroom

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected almost every corner of the globe, nations largely closed their borders and restricted or completely halted immigration. This stance, while understandable, raises questions about how ideas of inclusivity and immigrant rights can be maintained in the midst of chaos and insecurity. This article based in the framework of critical border and migration studies provides an overview of the evolution of immigration policies during the crisis and examines how social studies teachers can problematize assumptions of restrictive immigration policies during times of uncertainty and connect the current situation with past times of crisis. Though this is relevant to teachers from all countries, there is a particular focus on the United States context. Central to the argument is that the ideals of a more open and inclusive immigration system must be maintained even during times of fear and panic. This work builds upon pedagogical scholarship on immigration in the social studies classroom while applying these ideas to the problematic and unique circumstances of immigration during a pandemic.
Prison Culture as Rape Supportive: Applying Importation and Deprivation Models to Examine Inmate Beliefs.

While research examining sexual violence in prison has increased over the past 15 years, relatively scant attention has been paid to rape supportive beliefs and the factors influencing inmate adher...
Experiences of post-traditional students in age-diverse student affairs preparation programmes:

The value of lifelong learning and alterations in course delivery modes and programme structures of graduate education to include evening and weekend coursework have increased the presence of multi...
Breaking the Silence: A Testimonial of Resistance to Jewish Invisibility in Simone Veil’s Une jeunesse au temps de la Shoah

Simone Veil had a remarkable career as a public figure in France, but her personal life was shrouded in profound trauma as a victim of the Holocaust. Veil’s autobiographical narrative reveals a unique form of testimonial writing in which she uses her agency, as a survivor, to demonstrate resistance to Jewish absence and ‘otherness’. As will be shown, a close study of the writer’s autobiography reveals a multilayered text in which the author acts as a spokeswoman for the victims to impart global awareness of the Shoah, especially to young people. This essay will focus on the pedagogical objective of Veil’s memoir, the impossibility of conveying unimaginable suffering, and the power of feminine solidarity as a survival strategy. The latter part of the analysis will broaden the perspective, with emphasis on how writing a testimonial narrative serves as a way in which the autobiographer can recover the shattered self.
The Power of American Governors: Governors and the Comparative Study of Chief Executives

I have suffered a series of problems with regard to the Administration bills which I have drafted. The problems have arisen, I believe, primarily because the legislators selected to sponsor the bills have not been sufficiently informed about the contents of the bills. For instance, Senator Dunn sponsored and introduced the Urban Aid bill without realizing that Elizabeth was the only city which would not receive an increase. Assemblyman Pellechia sponsored and introduced the Uniform State Building Code without knowing that it would preclude his beloved plumbing code. I think we can do something to prevent the embarrassment and hard feelings which result from such situations. – internal memo from Ark Winkler, Assistant counsel to New Jersey governor Brendan Byrne, March 26, 1974 Members of the Legislature have requested that they be forewarned, if possible, of announcement pertaining to major departmental expenditures, new projects, etc…that affect their respective districts. – Memo from Jeff Ketterson, secretary to the cabinet, administration of Gov. Brendan Byrne, February 1, 1974 Internal memos from the first year of New Jersey governor Brendan T. Byrne's administrations how that governors can and do make mistakes, complicating the efforts of observers and scholars to predict executive productivity. The almost comical mistakes noted in the Byrne memos failing to inform key sponsors of potentially embarrassing details contained in the governor's bills and failing to notify lawmakers prior to major budgetary announcements affecting t heir districts – reveal a new governor and his administration struggling to master the informal and often perplexing levers of executive power.
Nanomembranes and soft fabrication methods for high performance, low cost energy technologies

The production of integrated electronic circuits provides examples of the most advanced fabrication and assembly approaches that are generally characterized by large-scale integration of high-performance compact semiconductor elements that rely on rigid and essentially planar form factors. New methods of fabricating semiconductor membranes of nanoscale thickness with intrinsic mechanical flexible features are beginning to provide a set of means to lift these constraints by engendering deformable, three-dimensional device configurations that are difficult to achieve with bulkscale materials while retaining capacities for high (or altogether new forms of) electronic and/or optoelectronic performance. Together with enabling means of deterministic assembly realized via the advancing technology of transferprinting, these light-weight nanomembrane elements can be distributed over large areas on a soft, bendable, and even biocompatible secondary substrates with high throughput and yields to realize interesting new functionalities in technology. Exemplary cases include: large-area integrated electro-optical systems laminated onto curvilinear or other 3-D surfaces for use in sensing and imaging with capacities for accommodating demanding forms of mechanical flexure; and unconventional hybrid systems for lighting and photovoltaic energy conversion that provide a potentially transformational approach to supplant current technologies with high performance, low cost alternatives. Taken together, the results of recent research efforts illustrate important opportunities for exploiting advances in materials in synergy with physical means of patterning, fabrication and assembly. In this review, we explore several exemplary applications taken from this work, and specifically highlight scalable approaches to high performance integrated systems for low cost energy technologies.
Studies in optimization—V.: The bang-bang control of a batch reactor

Abstract The problem of controlling the rate of heat removal from a batch reactor to obtain a given conversion in the least time is shown to be bang-bang. Except on a certain switching surface the rate of heat removal should be as great or as small as possible. It is shown how this surface can be found when the rate of cooling cannot be instantaneously changed, but when its rate of change (or equivalently the flow rate of coolant) is accessible to immediate control.
Mode of Foreign Entry, Technology Transfer, and Foreign Direct Investment Policy

Foreign direct investment can take place through the direct entry of foreign firms or the acquisition of existing domestic firms. Mattoo, Olarreaga, and Saggi examine the preferences of a foreign firm and the host country government with respect to these two modes of foreign direct investment in the presence of costly technology transfer. The tradeoff between technology transfer and market competition emerges as a key determinant of preferences. The authors identify the circumstances in which the choices of the government and the foreign firm diverge-and in which domestic welfare can be improved by restrictions on foreign direct investment that induce the foreign firm to choose the socially preferred mode of entry.
Group Counseling for HIV+ Students: Issues and Considerations

ABSTRACT HIV disease is a growing epidemic within the U.S. and worldwide. Within recent years, the seroprevalencc rate of HIV disease on college and university campuses has signaled a need to address the counseling needs of students who are HIV positive. For college and university counseling centers, these service needs are varied and complex. This article explores and outlines the issues involved in offering a counseling group within a college/university counseling center setting for H1V+ students. Implications for counseling centers designing a group for HIV+ students are discussed.
Counterterrorism and New Deterrence

It has been widely assumed that deterrence has little or no role to play in counterterrorism on the grounds that the threat of punishment is powerless to dissuade ideologically inspired terrorists. But an emerging literature in strategic studies argues, and aspects of contemporary American national security practice confirm, that this account misunderstands the capacity of deterrence to address current threats. In fact, a great deal of American counterterrorism is predicated on what I call “new deterrence,” a cluster of refinements to traditional deterrence theory that speaks to a world of asymmetric threats. Yet the emergence of new deterrence has been largely lost on lawyers, judges, and legal academics, resulting in significant gaps between the practice of national security in this area and the legal architecture ostensibly designed to undergird and oversee it. In particular, the legal framework of counterterrorism has not adequately incorporated or addressed new deterrence’s implications for scale, secrecy, and psychology, both at the level of doctrine and institutional design. This absence is striking given the prominence of deterrence theory in American strategy and criminology — precisely the two fields thought to converge in counterterrorism. In this Article, I debut in legal scholarship a sustained analysis of new deterrence and highlight its consequences for national security law, thus ushering in a serious reckoning for jurists with counterterrorism deterrence.
Mutation of K-ras Protooncogene in Human Ovarian Epithelial Tumors of Borderline Malignancy

The mutation of K-ras protooncogene was examined in 44 cases of borderline ovarian epithelial tumors and 18 cases of invasive ovarian carcinomas. In borderline tumors, K-ras mutations are a common feature, having been found in 21 of 44 cases (48%). Twenty of the 21 mutations were identified at codon 12, and one was identified at codon 13. A detailed analysis of the mutation pattern of K-ras revealed a close association with the histological cell types of the tumor. Mutation of K-ras was detected at a higher frequency in mucinous borderline tumor (identified in 12 of 19 cases) compared to serous borderline tumor (identified in 9 of 25 cases). K-ras mutation was also detected in invasive mucinous and serous ovarian carcinomas, hence supporting the notion that borderline ovarian tumors may represent a pathological continuum between benign and frankly invasive diseases.
Planetary Magnetospheres: The in Situ Astrophysical Laboratories

Investigation by spacecraft of several parts of the solar system has revealed a diverse variety of plasma processes, ranging from the relatively steady state conditions in the solar wind to the explosive release of large amounts of energy observed to occur in solar flares, and to the dynamic processes taking place within the magnetospheres of the Earth and planets. The magnetospheres represent the most accessible medium for in situ observations among all plasma environments within the solar system. The intrinsic value of studying planetary magnetospheres however is not their accessibility, but the fact that they represent the basic link between small-scale laboratory plasma physics and large-scale astrophysical plasmas; thus the study of magnetospheres is not only of fundamental importance in its own right, but offers the best hope as a testing ground for our models and theories which can then be applied to remote astrophysical objects, where our only source of information is the x-ray, radio, UV, γ-ray, and IR signatures.
Electrochemistry of Conductive Polymers III . Some Physical and Electrochemical Properties Observed from Electrochemically Grown Polyaniline

Some of the physical and chemical properties of electrochemically grown polyaniline (PA) films have been studied and results are reported. Physical properties determined include the density of PA sulfate (1.5 g/cm3), empirical equations relating the film thickness with electrical charges measured during the film growth, cyclic voltammetric peak potentials, or the amount of benzoquinone recovered after the degradation reaction, and spectral absorptivity of reduced PA at its absorption band maximum ( depending on the medium). Elemental analysis results as well as stability factors determined during the potential cycling in various electrolyte solutions are presented as part of some chemical properties.
Logarithmic Harary graphs

When faced with the problem of broadcasting a message reliably, there are tradeoffs to be made in terms of scalability, the ability to provide delivery guarantees in the face of node and link failures, per-machine message overhead, and time to delivery. Common approaches include reliable multicast, gossip-based protocols, and constrained flooding on superimposed communication graphs. Recent work has presented a new parameterized family of communication graphs that provide an explicit tradeoff between strength of delivery guarantees and reduced message overhead. We present a modified family of communication graphs that still provide this tradeoff between reliability and message overhead, but which also have the added benefit of dissemination time that is logarithmic in the size of the network.
Automatic detection of high frequency epileptiform oscillations from intracranial EEG recordings of patients with neocortical epilepsy

High frequency epileptiform oscillations (HFEOs) have been observed before neocortical seizures on intracranial EEG recordings. There is suggestion that HFEOs may localize epileptic brain regions important to seizure generation in humans, a finding that would be valuable for understanding, diagnosing, and treating epilepsy. In this paper, an automated approach for detecting HFEOs is described. Fuzzy clustering and histograms are used to characterize HFEO events. Compared to neurologist markings, the algorithm detected 87% of the HFEOs while achieving 68% precision and 90% specificity, without training. Applied to thirty-five minute seizure records obtained from six patients, spatial and temporal localization of HFEOs were observed in 77% and 61% of the segments respectively. Results highlight the potential of the method to identify brain regions vital to seizure generation by tracking the spatio-temporal evolution of high frequency seizure precursors in the epileptic network.
Measuring spectra of arid lands

Arid lands are the most amenable to spectral remote sensing for earth resources owing to the scarcity of vegetation and the consequently favorable exposures of surfaces. For this reason, most research into the use of multispectral measurements for geologic applications has been undertaken in arid or semi-arid regions. A large amount of multispectral data from laboratory, field, aircraft and satellite instruments now exist and significant progress has been made in the interpretation and use of these data.
Osteosarcoma: Intra‐arterial treatment of the primary tumor with cis‐diammine‐dichloroplatinum II (CDP): Angiographic, pathologic, and pharmacologic studies

Intra-arterial CDP was utilized to treat the primary tumor in 11 pediatric patients with osteosarcoma and in one with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The investigation commenced with a phase I-II pilot study in four osteosarcoma patients. A dose of 150 mg/m2 was found to be safe and effective in producing a clinical response. This was followed by a definitive study in the remaining seven osteosarcoma patients and in the one malignant fibrous histiocytoma patient. The results were assessed by specific clinical, pharmacologic, radiographic and pathologic criteria. The overall response in the definitive study was 50% with two patients exhibiting total tumor destruction. The success of intra-arterial CDP was attributed to its ability to achieve high local drug concentration and tumor penetration. This was demonstrated by pharmacologic studies.
Economic Conditions and Individual Vote in the Federal Republic of Germany

Analyses of the effects of economic perceptions on voting behavior have been mostly confined to the United States. This study utilizes data gathered from the 1972, 1976, and 1980 German national elections in order to investigate the effects of the economy on the vote. The authors find support for the hypothesis that economic voting in the Federal Republic is more accurately described in terms of a "sociotropic" or "national assessments" explanation of the economic situation. Individual economic circumstances appear to play a more marginal role. Also, economic motivations in voting are stronger with the voter's preference for chancellor than at lower levels of the electoral system. Voters tend to punish or reward the chancellor on the basis of their perception of his management of the economy.
Simultaneous Removal of SO2, NOX, and Hg from Coal Flue Gas Using a NaClO2-Enhanced Wet Scrubber

A bench-scale study was conducted on the simultaneous removal of SO2, NOX, and mercury (both Hg0 and Hg2+) from a simulated coal flue gas using a wet calcium carbonate scrubber. The multipollutant capacity of the scrubber was enhanced with the addition of the oxidizing salt, sodium chlorite. The results showed a maximum scrubbing of 100% for SO2 and Hg species and near complete NO oxidation with about 60% scrubbing of the resulting NOX species. The chlorite additive was less effective as an oxidant in the absence of SO2 and NO in the flue gas. Oxidation of NO and mercury were only about 50% and 80%, respectively, in the case of no SO2 in the simulated flue gas. The mercury oxidation was similarly affected by the absence of NO in the flue gas.
Towards visualizing HCI for immersive environments: the meta-situational tracker

The Metaverse is a synthesized world that combines computer-generated elements with the real-world to either augment of supplant a users view reality. To fully participate in this meta-world, users must access it through a unique interface that is visually immersive and non-restrictive, interactive and collaborative. Our ongoing research program in immersive environments emphasizes techniques that make widespread deployment and use of the Metaverse feasible. To that end, we are addressing technical challenges related to self-configuring, self-monitoring displays. Other researchers have made significant progress in overcoming the obstacles related to building tilted displays. Although these technical advances have made low-cost immersive displays feasible for a larger community of users, there is little understanding of the remaining HCI obstacles that prevent widespread deployment of such systems. Our early work, as part of a five-year evaluation project, focuses on defining the methods that will be required to understand usability and utility of the technology. Additionally, we are developing of tools that will assist researchers in characterizing the behavior of users within nonrestrictive immersive environments.
Exciton-Magnon Interaction in Magnetic Insulators

The one-exciton, one-magnon system is treated for a suitable antiferromagnetic insulator, Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. Zone-edge excitons and magnons are found to interact quite strongly. Bound states are found to exist under favorable circumstances. The line shapes of magnon sidebands of excitonic transitions are modified. Expressions are given for the exciton-magnon coupling constants in terms of the parameters describing interionic exchange.
The Importance of Biventricular Failure in Patients with Postoperative Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract To evaluate the importance of severe biventricular failure in patients with postcardiotomy ventricular failure, we analyzed the data from 30 patients treated with ventricular assist devices (VADs) over a five-year period. All patients had profound postoperative ventricular failure refractory to drugs and an intraaortic balloon (IAB). Evaluation of preoperative ventricular function did not allow prediction of which patients would require VADs. However, the development of perioperative myocardial infarction was an important determinant of the need for postoperative support with a VAD. Twenty patients received only a left VAD (LVAD). Four of them had isolated left ventricular failure; 3 were weaned, and 2 survived. None of the 16 patients with biventricular failure who received only an LVAD were weaned. Ten other patients with biventricular failure received biventricular support, either with a right VAD and IAB, or with two VADs. Of these 10 patients, 5 were weaned and 3 survived. Considering all 26 patients with biventricular failure, those receiving biventricular mechanical support (10) had a better chance ( p
Response to the comment on ‘Nanoscale water capillary bridges under deeply negative pressure’ by Caupin et al.

Abstract In this response to the comment by Caupin et al. [1] on our earlier paper, we explain why negative pressure in nanoscale water capillary bridges in AFM experiments is lower than the pressure reported in macroscale and microscale experiments. An estimate shows that for the tip radius of 10 nm, the bridge foundation area ( A ) is on the order of A = 10 −16 m 2 , and the typical experimental value of the capillary force ( F ad ) on the order of F cap = 10 nN corresponds to the negative pressure P = − F cap / A = −100 MPa.
Compassion fatigue among registered nurses: Connecting theory and research

Unresolved compassion fatigue often causes physical and emotional exhaustion, and can significantly impair job performance. It is also known to cause increased absenteeism and even turnover among health care providers such as registered nurses. Often those experiencing compassion fatigue attempt to self-medicate in order to numb the intense emotions, and distance themselves from patients, colleagues, friends, and even family. This article describes the challenges of applying one widely used conceptual model to research among nurses who are at risk for experiencing this important and debilitating phenomenon. Through two qualitative studies that explored compassion fatigue among registered nurses, symptoms were identified that fit within the conceptual model. Several additional elements were not adequately captured by the conceptual model, and the term was perceived as being stigmatizing.
A method of fabricating micro-retarder plates by a laser system

Different fabrication methods, such as chemical process, laser heating method, etc., can be used to make micro-retarder plates. In this paper, a CO2 laser scanning system is applied to produce a serious of line patterns on the commercial compensator (or the retarder film, such as PC film, PVA film, or Arton film, etc.) to make micro-retarder plates, which are important optical components in stereoscopic 3D displays. Our study is focused on the development of high quality fabrication method, for example, the relationship of a well-defined stripe boundary with the CO2 laser process under single beam or multiple beams. The laser scanning system in this paper is installed with an orthogonal pair of precise translation stages, a steadily controlled laser power output, and an adjustable spot-size optical head to make patterns of micro-retarder plates for stereo-LCTVs up to 42 inches.© (2008) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Parity selection rule for electron tunneling matrix element. Quantum oscillations in delayed fluorescence of hydrated chlorophyll

Abstract The submicrosecond oscillatory delayed fluorescence observed in non-polar solutions of hydrated chlorophyll a is attributed to H2O·Chl-a·OH2 in which a water molecule is bound to the Mg atom on each side of the Chl-a macrocycle. The observed quantum oscillations are described in terms of symmetry selection rules for electron tunneling matrix elements and electron shuttling between bonding and antibonding states in a photoexcited system possessing nearly degenerate localized charge separation states. The transfer matrix element, J, between these states is estimated to be 0.67 × 10−8 eV.
Schur complements and the Weinstein-Aronszajn theory for modified matrix eigenvalue problems

Abstract We characterize in a computationally useful way eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices that have undergone finite (i.e., noninfinitesimal) changes that are of restricted rank in an appropriate sense. we develop and specialize the techniques of Weinstein-Aronszajn intermediate problems to this task and offer here what could be termed a matrix oriented treatment of the theory. New proofs for the basic results are offered, as well as several new results dealing with the interconnection of modification types and a priori inclusion and exclusion bounds for the modified eigenvalues.
Modeling of irradiation-induced amorphization in a titanate ceramic

Abstract Calculations were carried out to model the alpha decay-induced conversion of a titanate ceramic (CaPuTi2O7) from the crystalline state to an amorphous condition. Experimental results showed that the disordered state varies with irradiation temperature and extent of redamage, and so special consideration is given to those factors. Results of these calculations are applied to the analysis of dimensional changes during irradiation at various temperatures and release of stored energy on recovery to the crystalline state. Modeling results appear to show that it is possible to convert to the amorphous state under irradiation by two different processes. Modeling is also employed to extend experimental results on swelling from the present database to a high damage rate characteristic of ion implantation and the low rates typical of nuclear waste storage and self-damage of natural mineral analogues.
Phase weighting: a method to improve objective detection of steady-state evoked potentials.

Objective response detection statistics such as magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) reflect the degree to which subaverage phases are clustered or dispersed, but not their agreement with an expected, or target, phase. Using signal-plus-noise simulations and human 40-Hz auditory evoked potentials, we tested MSC performance with and without phase weighting, in which MSC values were multiplied by weights related to the phase error between measured phase and target phase. Phase weighting improved MSC performance for both simulated and 40-Hz auditory evoked potential data. However, the improvement was greater for the simulations, probably because target phase was precisely known.
Biological availability of lead in a paint aerosol 1. physical and chemical characterization of a lead paint aerosol

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of an aerosol of leadbased paint, generated in an industrial spray operation, that might influence the biological availability of lead present in inhaled aerosols. Paint aerosols were collected, and mass-size distribution was determined using a portable cascade impactor under actual occupational conditions. Approx. 2% of the particulate mass collected was in the respirable range (less than 10 μm mean aerodynamic diameter), although the maximum airborne concentration of lead was found to be 2–3 mg/m3. The lead concentration in a dried aerosol was very resistant to chemical digestion. Analysis by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy showed approx. 11% lead by dry weight, although the wet weight concentration of lead reported by the manufacturer was 12.8%.
Suggestion of an abnormal anion exchange mechanism in sweat glands of cystic fibrosis patients.

Summary: The physiological basis for the defect in NaCl reabsorption in cystic fibrosis (CF) sweat glands is not known. We have systematically followed the concentrations of the three major inorganic electrolytes in sweat as a function of single gland sweat rate in patients with CF and normal individuals. The result demonstrates that (1) at low sweat rates, sweat glands of CF individuals can reduce NaCl concentrations to normal levels and (2) that the concentration of organic anions and/or HCO3 in CF sweat is substantially less than in normal sweat. Speculation: Present data and other findings suggest that Na/K transport and a postulated Na/H exchange are normal, but that a postulated anion exchange may be defective in cystic fibrosis sweat glands. These observations suggest an underlying transport genetic abnormality, which might explain observed abnormalities in cystic fibrosis exocrine gland secretions in general.
Antimicrobial susceptibility test of pathogens isolated from urinary tract infection suspected cases

Background and objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is associated with multiplication of organisms in urinary tract and is defined by the presence of more than 10 5 organisms per ml in a midstream sample of urine (MSU). UTI is most commonly acquired bacterial infection in ambulatory and hospitalized populations. E.coli is the most predominant organism to colonise the urethral meatus and perineum before ascending to the bladder. Drug resistance of pathogens is a serious medical problem, because of very fast arise and spread of mutant strains that are insusceptible to medical treatment of UTI. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the common pathogenic bacteria causing UTI and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Material and Methods: Mid stream urine samples of the UTI suspected pateints were collected in the Mid Stream Urine (MSU) samples were collected in the sterile clean dry wide mouthed bottle. Standard protocol was followed to isolate and identify organism which was followed by disc diffusion antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: A total of 100 samples were collected. Out of 100 samples, 25 samples showed a significant growth E.coli, Citrobacter diversus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. E.coli (84%) was found to be the most prevalent causing UTI. Conclusion: UTI was found more common in female than male and E.coli was found to be main causes of UTI. Ciprofloxacin showed more effective drugs in the treatment of UTI. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v2i1.11393 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol. 2 (1): 28-34
X-ray emission spectroscopy with a laser-heated diamond anvil cell: a new experimental probe of the spin state of iron in the Earth's interior.

Synchrotron-based X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is well suited to probing the local electronic structure of 3d transition metals such as Fe and Mn in their host phases. The laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique is uniquely capable of generating ultra-high static pressures and temperatures in excess of 100 GPa and 3000 K. Here X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction have been interfaced with the laser-heated diamond cell for studying the electronic spin states of iron in magnesiowustite-(Mg0.75,Fe0.25)O and its crystal structure under lower-mantle conditions. X-ray emission spectra of the ferrous iron in a single crystal of magnesiowustite-(Mg0.75,Fe0.25)O indicate that a high-spin to low-spin transition of ferrous iron occurs at 54 to 67 GPa and 300 K and the ferrous iron remains in the high-spin state up to 47 GPa and 1300 K. This pilot study points to the unique capability of the synchrotron-based XES and X-ray diffraction techniques for addressing the issue of electronic spin transition or crossover in 3d transition metals and compounds under extreme high-P–T conditions.
Study on Application of Energy Storage System in PV System

Recently, a lot of PV power systems ranging from 1MW to 10MW have been built in China. However, the power grid can’t accept so much PV power because of their oscillated output power. PV systems are affected by the weather condition a lot, such as the sunlight and the temperature. Embedding energy storage system into PV system could improve the grid-access performance of PV systems as well as expand the functions of original PV systems, including regulating power quality of grid. In this paper, PV-storage topology is presented and the flow direction control (FDC) method is described. Based on the operation data of a 100kW PV system in a certain place of China, simulation studies are performed. The result of simulation verifies the possibility and necessity of building the energy storage system in the PV system. With the decline of the cost of energy storage system and PV system, the development of renewable energy in China will be accelerated and supported by the combination of PV system and energy storage system.
Ab initio electron propagators in molecules with strong electron-phonon interaction. I. Phonon averages

Ab initio electron propagators in molecular systems with strong electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions are considered to study molecular electronic properties. This research is important in electron transfer reactions where the electron transition is not considered any longer as a single electron transfer process or in temperature dependences of current-voltage characteristics in molecular wires or aggregates. To calculate electron Green’s functions, the authors apply a small polaron canonical transformation that intrinsically contains strong electron-phonon effects. According to this transformation, the excitation energies of the noninteracting Hamiltonian are shifted down by the relaxation (solvation) energy for each state. The electron-electron interaction is also renormalized by the electron-phonon coupling. For some values of the electron-phonon coupling constants, the renormalized Coulomb integrals can be negative resulting in the attraction between two electrons. Within this transformat...
Investigation of emerging middle-of-line poly gate-to-diffusion contact reliability issues

The minimum insulator spacing between the polysilicon control gate (PC) and the diffusion contacts (CA) in advanced VLSI circuits is aggressively shrinking due to continuous technology scaling. Meanwhile, rapid adoptions of new materials such as metal gate, epitaxial SiGe source /drain, stress liner, and copper contact together with new device configurations such as raised source/drain and FinFET may further exacerbate the PC-CA dielectric reliability. SRAM yield loss and functional stress failures of both SRAM and DRAM chips due to middle-of-line (MOL) PC-CA shorts and early breakdown have been observed during the course of technology development at 32nm. Therefore, the leakage and breakdown of middle-of-line (MOL) PC-to-CA dielectric is rapidly becoming an emerging reliability issue for a successful technology development. In this paper, a comprehensive investigation of MOL PC-to-CA reliability issues at 32nm technology node was conducted. A new qualification methodology was developed to assure PC-to-CA reliability at an acceptable level.
EFFECTS OF DIET ON CATS WITH NON-OBSTRUCTIVE LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASES : A REVIEW

Synopsis Diet plays a role in the pathophysiology and treatment of at least two lower urinary tract diseases in cats, urolithiasis and interstitial cystitis. Urolithiasis seems to be a diet-sensitive disease, in which an intrinsic susceptibility in the patient is exposed by provocative nutrients. Patients with interstitial cystitis are unusually susceptible to changes in their environment, one of which may be abrupt diet changes. Increasing water intake to dilute urine and increase frequency of urination are important parts of treatment of both diseases.
Tensile and Fatigue Behavior of Aluminum Oxide Fiber Reinforced Magnesium Composites: Part I. Fiber Fraction and Orientation

The mechanical behavior of commercially pure magnesium reinforced with FP aluminum oxide fibers has been studied as a function of fiber fraction and orientation. Test specimens included material of two different volume fractions of fiber and four different fiber orientations. Axial properties were dependent on the fiber content and generally followed the rule of mixtures. Of the off-axis properties, only the elastic modulus exhibited a significant dependence on fiber content. Off-axis loading resulted in large reductions in both the tensile and fatigue properties. The reductions coincided with a change in fracture morphology from fracture across fibers during axial loading to fracture along the fiber direction for off-axis loading. A weak fiber/matrix interface was found to be responsible for the drop in tensile properties, and a combination of a weak matrix and a weak fiber/matrix interface were responsible for the reduced fatigue resistance.
The motive to avoid success: A further examination

Abstract Horner's (1968) “fear of success” study was replicated and expanded. One hundred seventy-seven high school (HS) and college students wrote stories in response to the following cues: “After first-term finals, John (Anne) finds himself (herself) at the top of his (her) medical-school class.” Results indicated similarity of response of HS men, HS women, and college men, all of whom expressed more fear of success imagery in response to the Anne cue than to the John cue. College women did not conform to this pattern.