cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of cysteine-containing dipeptides by aminpacyl-tRNA synthetases

Arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS) catalyses AMP- and PPi-independent deacylation of Arg-tRNAArg in the presence of cysteine. A dipeptide, Arg-Cys, is a product of this deacylation reaction. Similar reaction with homocysteine yields Arg-Hcy. Arginine is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the cysteine-dependent deacylation which indicates that cysteine binds to the enzyme-Arg-tRNAArg complex at a site separate from the arginine binding site. In the presence of arginine, [14C]Arg-tRNAArg is deacylated at a rate similar to the rate of its spontaneous deacylation in solution and [14C]arginine is a product. Experiments with cysteine derivatives indicate that the -SH group is essential for the reaction whereas -NH2 and -COOH groups are not. Thioesters of arginine are formed with 3-mercaptopropionic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and dithiothreitol. These data suggest that formation of the dipeptide Arg-Cys involves a thioester intermediate, S-(L-arginyl)-L-cysteine, which is not observed because of the rapid rearrangement to form a stable peptide bond. Facile intramolecular reaction results from the favorable geometric arrangement of the alpha-amino group of cysteine with respect to the thioester formed in the initial reaction. Similar reactions, yielding Ile-Cys and Val-Cys, are catalyzed by isoleucyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetases, respectively.
A NEW METHOD FOR STRUCTURAL MODEL UPDATING AND JOINT STIFFNESS IDENTIFICATION

Abstract A new model updating method is presented here with emphasis on identification of joint stiffnesses. A so-called reduced-order characteristic polynomial (ROCP) is first defined in terms of the measured natural frequency, the partial modal properties predicted from a flawed FEM model and the model parameters to be updated or identified. Based on the premise that each of the measured natural frequencies is a root of the ROCP, a set of non-linear equations becomes immediately available from which the interested model parameters can be determined. The experimental data required are simply the measured natural frequencies, rather than the usually incomplete and less-accurate displacement or FRF data. In addition, there is no modal matching needed here, which can lead to a considerable saving of the resources and efforts spent on measurements and correlation analyses. The proposed technique is verified by using simulation data. The current scheme is easily generalised into an advanced optimisation formulation, which would allow various constraints to be explicitly imposed upon the model parameters and a wide spectrum of algorithms to be directly used for finding a solution.
In vitro thermal enhancement of human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) in HTLV-I-transformed cells

Temperature elevation constitutes a beneficial component of the host defence against viral pathogens. However, heat treatment may be detrimental to HTLV-I-infected cells by increasing virion and oncoprotein production. We investigated the effects of thermal elevation on the in vitro replication of HTLV-I (human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I) in MT-2 cells, an HTLV-I-transformed lymphoid cell line. We found that HTLV-I replication in MT-2 cells was markedly increased as demonstrated by a nearly 2-fold increase in detection of viral p24 antigen and a 20-fold increase in reverse transcriptase activity during up to 5 h of heat treatment at 42 degrees C. The results suggest that physiologic thermal elevations may induce viral production in HTLV-I-infected individuals.
Spontaneous Recovery in Rabbit Eyelid Conditioning

Spontaneous recovery of the classically conditioned rabbit eyelid response increased in a negatively accelerated function with an increase of postextinction rest from .17 to 24 hr. The data were obtained from six groups of male New Zealand rabbits which received an extinction session separated by rest intervals of varying duration from a spontaneous recovery test.
Increasing support for alcohol-control enforcement through news coverage of alcohol's role in injuries and crime.

Objective: Prior research has shown that the proportion of news stories about violent crimes, car crashes, and other unintended injuries that mention the possible contributing role of alcohol is far lower than the actual proportion of alcohol-related crimes and unintended injuries. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of such mention can increase concern about alcohol risks and support for alcohol-control measures, which have elsewhere been shown to decrease alcohol-related problems in community settings. Methodologically, we provide a model for experiments permitting generalization across randomly selected message stimuli. Method: Sixty randomly selected local news stories on violent crime, motor vehicle crashes, and other unintended injuries from newspapers throughout the United States were manipulated into versions including or not including alcohol as a causative factor. Participants (n = 785) were drawn from a national online research panel representative of the U.S. population; 66% of panel members contacted agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using mixed-effect, multilevel models to permit generalization across message and participant variability. Results: Mention of alcohol in news stories increased support for enforcement of alcohol-control laws. Conclusions: Efforts to increase mention of alcohol as a causative factor in news reports of violent crime and unintended injury have the potential to increase public support for alcohol-control policies. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 311-315, 2012). Language: en
Alterations in nuclear pore architecture allow cancer cell entry into or exit from drug-resistant dormancy

Phenotypic diversity arises in tumors just as it does in developing organisms, and tumor recurrence frequently manifests from the selective survival of divergent drug-resistant cells. Although the expanding tumor cell population may be successfully targeted, drug-resistant cells may persist and sustain the tumor or enter dormancy before igniting a future relapse. Herein, we show that partial knockdown of nucleoporin p62 (NUP62) by small-interfering RNA confers cisplatin resistance to cultured high-grade ovarian carcinoma cells. Treatment with NUP62 small-interfering RNA and cisplatin leaves resistant cells in a state of dormancy; some dormant cells can be induced to proliferate by transient induction of NUP62 expression from an ectopic expression construct. In addition to suggesting functional links between nuclear pore complex architecture and cancer cell survival, the culture system provides a novel experimental window into the dynamics of tumor cell drug resistance and dormancy.
Observations on the Mexican Free-Tailed Bat, Tadarida mexicana

The Mexican free-tailed bat ( Tadarida mexicana ) ranges over much of western North America and is common and easily obtained. In spite of the wide distribution and ease of collection of these bats, data regarding their life-history are fragmentary. The observations presented here were gathered as part of a general study of the bats of southern California. Field work was done intermittently through most of the years 1938 to 1943 and in the summers (June to September) of 1946, 1948, 1949, and 1951. A planned life-history study was not made. However, a considerable amount of new information regarding this species has been recorded. Most of the observations here reported upon were made in San Diego County, California and unless otherwise noted all geographic localities are in this area. I wish to acknowledge the assistance given by Drs. Richard W. Neil, Carl Engler (1938–1943), and Keith L. Dixon (1946). Mexican free-tailed bats most often inhabit the Lower and Upper Sonoran Life Zones, however, they are not uncommon in the Transition Zone. In San Diego County these bats are most abundant at lower elevations, particularly on the western slopes of the mountains. Tadarida mexicana has a wide habitat tolerance and occurs in cultivated areas, on chaparral flats, on rocky hillsides, in open forests of yellow pine and black oak, and on juniper covered slopes of the eastern foothills. The free-tailed bats utilize a wide variety of diurnal roosting sites, selecting hiding places in both man-made and natural situations. These bats have been found roosting in the following man-made structures: wooden bridges, warehouses, barns, wooden and stucco houses, schools, behind signboards, milking sheds, attics, beneath tile roofs, and in open garages. Natural retreats are less often recorded, possibly because of the difficulty of locating such sites. Bats were found to frequent cracks and crevices …
Atomic Transition Probabilities in Tb II with Applications to Solar and Stellar Spectra

Absolute atomic transition probabilities are reported for many of the strongest lines in Tb II (the second spectra of terbium). Branching fractions were measured from Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) data and combined with radiative lifetimes from recent laser-induced fluorescence measurements to determine these transition probabilities. Due to the absence of an extensive published classified line list for Tb II, accurate line positions in the FTS data as well as hyperfine structure patterns (described in the adjacent paper) were used to verify line classifications reported herein. These laboratory data are applied to determine photospheric terbium abundances in the Sun and the Galactic halo giant CS 22892-052.
Quipazine-induced stimulus control in the rat.

The present investigation tested the hypothesis that quizapine, a drug thought to act directly or indirectly as an agonist at serotonergic (5-HT) receptors, mimics the stimulus properties of indoleamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens. In a group trained with mescaline (10 mg/kg) and saline in a singlelever response rate task, quipazine yielded intermediate results (58% mescaline-appropriate at 1 mg/kg), i.e., responding was fully appropriate for neither training condition. A second group was then trained with quipazine (3 mg/kg) and saline in a two-lever response choice task. Stimulus control was readily established with a mean of 22 sessions to achieve criterion performance (five consecutive sessions with at least 80% correct responses). When quipazine-trained rats were tested with LSD; responding was intermediate in nature (68% quipazine-appropriate) at a dose of 100 μg/kg but complete substitution was observed at 150 μg/kg (97% quipazine-appropriate). Similarly, subjects trained with LSD and saline in the two lever task and tested with quipazine responded in a fashion indistinguishable from the LSD training condition. The stimulus properties of quipazine alone and in cross tests in mescaline or LSD-trained subjects were blocked by the serotonergic antagonist, BC-105. Butaclamol, a dopaminergic antagonist, and the α-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, were without effect upon quipazine. The present data suggest that quipazine produces its stimulus effects by a serotonergic mechanism and that these effects are quite similar to those of LSD and mescaline.
Ventral penile curvature following radical pelvic surgery: A variant of urethral manipulation syndrome

Objectives Urethral manipulation syndrome (UMS) describes ventral penile curvature and urethral stricture disease that develop following repeated episodes of urethral manipulation. We describe a variant of this syndrome, in which the presence of an indwelling catheter following radical pelvic surgery led to a marked penile curvature without clinically apparent urethral stricture disease. Methods We identified 4 patients in whom ventral penile curvature developed following radical pelvic surgery. Three patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and the fourth patient underwent radical cystoprostatectomy with creation of a neobladder to the urethra. All were treated with 3 weeks of catheter drainage postoperatively. Each patient reported straight erections prior to surgery. Results These patients came to prosthesis surgery between 7 months and 3 years after their pelvic procedure. Each patient was noted to have ventral penile curvature when artificial erection was induced. Curvature was secondary to scarring between the anterior corpus spongiosum and the overlying ventral tunica albuginea in the mid- to proximal penile shaft. It was necessary to mobilize the urethra off the corpora and to incise the scarred tunica to obtain a satisfactory result at the time of prosthesis placement. In 3 cases, Core-Tex was needed to bridge the corporeal defect. Conclusions These cases represent a variant of UMS in which catheter drainage leads to scarring of the ventral tunica albuginea, resulting in ventral penile curvature. In view of the increasing number of radical pelvic procedures being performed, this potential complication must be recognized, as aggressive corporeal reconstruction with urethral mobilization is needed if subsequent prosthesis surgery is undertaken.
Pulmonary and subciavian steal phenomenon following modified Blalock-Taussig shunt

Cette modification consiste dans l'anastomose terminolaterale d'une prothese dans l'artere sous-claviere et dans l'artere pulmonaire
The brain looks at diversity

This paper provides a neurobiological perspective on diversity and ethnic relations. Three neural metaphors, the hunter‐gather brain, the triune brain and the split brain, are used to account for biological tendencies which can create problems for multiethnic societies. It is argued that the neocortex can control these tendencies, but that such control requires considerable effort.
Orientational order-dependent thermal expansion and compressibility of ZrW2O8 and ZrMo2O8.

The role of MO4 (M = W, Mo) orientational disorder in the thermal expansion and compressibility of ZrW2O8 and ZrMo2O8 was investigated via in situ powder X-ray diffraction at elevated temperature and pressure. A dramatic reduction in the bulk modulus of α-ZrW2O8, which has ordered WO4 tetrahedra at room temperature, from 65 GPa at room temperature to 47 GPa at 386 K was observed to be concomitant with the onset of a reversible WO4 orientational disordering upon compression. Additionally, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the α phase became more negative upon compression within the temperature range in which pressure-dependent disorder was observed; αl, over the range 298 to 386 K, was ∼−11 ppm K−1 at 35 MPa but ∼−16 ppm K−1 at 276 MPa. No softening upon heating or change in CTE upon compression was observed for ZrW2O8 above the order → disorder phase transition temperature. Cubic ZrMo2O8 has a disordered arrangement of MoO4 tetrahedra at all temperatures and pressures accessed in this study. Its bulk modulus was independent of temperature, and its CTE was insensitive to pressure, much like β-ZrW2O8. The stability/metastability of the cubic and orthorhombic phases upon heating above room temperature and compression is discussed, with a focus on changes in the thermodynamics and kinetics of the cubic ↔ orthorhombic transition.
The ice flow velocity profile for Dye‐3, Greenland

Uniaxial compression tests were made on 72 deep ice core specimens taken from 14 depth intervals between 247 m and 2021 m on the Dye-3 Greenland ice core. Test results give stress exponent values ranging from 2.7 to 3.2, which are in close agreement to the 3.0 measured on laboratory-manufactured polycrystalline ice specimens. These test results are compared with similar measurements made in a field laboratory immediately after the ice core was recovered. The data sets showed no significant differences over the four-year time span. The horizontal velocity profile is calculated for Dye-3 using a strain-rate enhancement factor relationship and using stress exponent and activation energy values measured for artificial laboratory ice. The calculated profile is in good agreement with the results from direct borehole tilting measurements. This is the first time such a close correlation has been affected between laboratory-generated experimental data and field measurements in the analysis of a horizontal velocity profile for a large ice sheet.
Mildly Handicapped and At-Risk Students The Graying of the Line

Differences between children with mild handicapping conditions and those who are considered at risk are explored.
The occultation of Beta Scorpii by Jupiter. III. Simultaneous high time-resolution records at three wavelengths

Abstract Simultaneous high time-resolution records at three wavelengths of the May 13, 1971 Jupiter occultation of Beta Scorpii are presented. These observations are unique and contain important information about the structure and composition of the Jovian atmosphere. An equally favorable Jupiter occultation should not occur again for several centuries.
Using conflict-management surveys to extricate research out of the Ivory Tower : An experiential learning exercise

Management scholars have encouraged newer approaches to management education combining cognitive lessons with active experiential activities. This article describes how surveys, originally intended for collecting conflict-management data, can be introduced in the classroom to catalyze a deeper understanding of conflict. This article exemplifies advances in management education paradigms using a data collection instrument to promote experiential classroom learning. It focuses on helping educators step out of their responsibilities as researchers and build bridges between their research and teaching roles. The article provides all information vis-a-vis the conflict-management activity: the survey, exercise guidelines, and detailed debriefing notes including PowerPoint supplements.
Ghost transmission: How large basis sets can make electron transport calculations worse.

The Landauer approach has proven to be an invaluable tool for calculating the electron transport properties of single molecules, especially when combined with a nonequilibrium Green’s function approach and Kohn–Sham density functional theory. However, when using large nonorthogonal atom-centered basis sets, such as those common in quantum chemistry, one can find erroneous results if the Landauer approach is applied blindly. In fact, basis sets of triple-zeta quality or higher sometimes result in an artificially high transmission and possibly even qualitatively wrong conclusions regarding chemical trends. In these cases, transport persists when molecular atoms are replaced by basis functions alone (“ghost atoms”). The occurrence of such ghost transmission is correlated with low-energy virtual molecular orbitals of the central subsystem and may be interpreted as a biased and thus inaccurate description of vacuum transmission. An approximate practical correction scheme is to calculate the ghost transmission and subtract it from the full transmission. As a further consequence of this study, it is recommended that sensitive molecules be used for parameter studies, in particular those whose transmission functions show antiresonance features such as benzene-based systems connected to the electrodes in meta positions and other low-conducting systems such as alkanes and silanes.
Maternal Transfer of Some Anticoccidial Drugs in the Chicken

Abstract Anticoccidial drugs were fed to laying hens for a period of one week. Transfer of drug to the eggs laid by these hens was demonstrated by challenge of the embryos with E. tenella. Maternal transfer of lasalocid, robenidine, and halofuginone occurred. Little or no transfer occurred with arprinocid or monensin.
Hardware Accelerator for Probabilistic Inference in 65-nm CMOS

A hardware accelerator is presented to compute the probabilistic inference for a Bayesian network (BN) in distributed sensing applications. For energy efficiency, the accelerator is operated at a near-threshold voltage of 0.5 V, while achieving a maximum clock frequency of 33 MHz. Clique-tree message passing algorithm is leveraged to compute the probabilistic inference. The theoretical maximum size of a factor that the proposed hardware accelerator can handle is $2^{(8\times 20)=160}$ entries, which is sufficient for handling massive BNs, such as PATHFINDER, MUNIN, and so on (>1000 nodes). A Logical Alarm Reduction Mechanism (ALARM) BN is used to benchmark the performance of the accelerator. The accelerator consumes 76 nJ to execute the ALARM network using a clique-tree message-passing algorithm, while the same algorithm executed on an ultralow-power microcontroller consumes 20 mJ.
Online Affect Detection and Adaptation in Robot Assisted Rehabilitation for Children with Autism

This paper presents a novel affect-sensitive human-robot interaction framework for rehabilitation of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) where the robot can detect the affective cues of the children implicitly and response to them appropriately. Psychophysiological analysis is performed that uses subjective reports of the affective states from a clinical observer. Comprehensive physiological indices are investigated that may correlate with the affective states of children with ASD. A robot uses a support vector machines based affect model to detect the affective cues. A reinforcement learning based adaptation mechanism is employed to allow the robot to adjust its behaviors autonomously as a function of the predicted children's affective state. Four adolescents diagnosed with high-functioning autism participated in the experiments. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the affective states of children with ASD have been detected via physiology-based affective modeling technique in real-time. This is also the first time that impact of affect-sensitive interaction between a robot and children with ASD in closed loop has been demonstrated experimentally.
Wine consumption by US men

Wine consumption is modelled by focusing on three decisions. The first is whether to consume any alcoholic beverages. Setting aside the teetotalers, the second decision is whether to consume wine and the third choice is how much to consume. We model these decisions using a double-hurdle approach. Our econometric results indicate that the probability a man drinks wine increases if he is under age 65, has a high income and is a high school graduate. Heavy wine consumers are over age 65, are well educated, physically active, and have high incomes.
Untreated osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyles: prediction of patient outcome using radiographic and MR findings

Objective. We investigated the usefulness of plain film and MR findings in predicting the outcome of conservatively treated patients with femoral osteochondritis dissecans. Design. Without knowledge of the clinical outcome, we retrospectively reviewed the initial plain films and MR examinations. Each MR examination was evaluated for the four MR findings of instability. Patients. Fourteen patients were studied in whom osteochondritis dissecans of a femoral condyle had been treated conservatively for periods ranging from 1.2 to 8.5 years. Results and conclusion. Three of five patients with an open femoral growth plate and one of nine patients with a closed growth plate had a good clinical outcome. Both patients with lesions smaller than 160 mm2 in area had a good outcome and ten of 12 patients with larger lesions had a poor outcome. Both patients with stable lesions by MR imaging had a good outcome while ten of 12 patients with a lesion unstable by MR imaging had poor outcomes. All six patients with a cartilage fracture or articular defect had poor outcomes. The results of this study should be considered preliminary since only 14 patients were followed. However, it appears that a good clinical outcome is likely when the femoral growth plate is open, when the osteochondritis dissecans is small, and when the lesion is stable by MR imaging. When a cartilage fracture or articular defect is found on MR imaging, the patient is likely to have a poor outcome.
A Comment on: Forecasting and Stock Control for Intermittent Demands

(1973). A Comment on: Forecasting and Stock Control for Intermittent Demands. Journal of the Operational Research Society: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 639-640.
A solid bar splint for open-tray implant impression technique

pression techniques with the use of various splinting materials and found that more accurate results were obtained by using techniques in which autopolymerizing acrylic resin or impression plaster was used as a splinting material. Autopolymerizing acrylic resin is commonly used intraorally to join impression copings during the opentray implant impression technique. However, distortion can result from the residual polymerization shrinkage of the resin used for splinting. 9 The use of a solid bar may decrease the amount of polymerizing shrinkage due to the smaller amount of acrylic resin needed. In addition, there is improved efficiency and a reduction of chair time. This article describes the direct impression technique using square transfer copings splinted with a solid acrylic resin bar and autopolymerizing resin.
Purification and characterization of two polymorphic variants of short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase reveal reduction of catalytic activity and stability of the Gly185Ser enzyme.

Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) is a homotetrameric flavoenzyme that catalyzes the first intramitochondrial step in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Two polymorphisms in the coding region of the SCAD gene, 511C>T (R147W) and 625G>A (G185S), have been shown to be associated with an increased level of ethylmalonic acid excretion in urine, a clinical characteristic of SCAD deficiency. To characterize the biochemical consequences of these variations, in vitro site-directed mutagenesis and prokaryotic expression were used to produce the corresponding SCAD variant proteins. Both variant proteins were unstable when produced in Escherichia coli, but could be rescued and subsequently purified by coexpressing them with the bacterial chaperonin GroEL/ES. The kcat/Km values of the green wild-type, R147W, and G185S SCAD enzymes coexpressed with GroEL/ES were 33, 30, and 10 μM-1 s-1, respectively. There were minimal differences in the kinetic parameters measured for the green, degreened, and wild-type enzymes ...
Geometric phase within the complex quantum Hamilton–Jacobi formalism

Abstract We derive a geometric phase using the quantum kinematic approach within the complex quantum Hamilton–Jacobi formalism. The single valuedness of the wave function implies that the geometric phase along an arbitrary path in the complex plane must be equal to an integer multiple of 2π. The nonzero geometric phase indicates that we travel along the path through the branch cut of the phase function from one Riemann sheet to another.
A Walking Blood Donor Program for Seriously Ill Premature Infants

Premature infants with hyaline membrane disease and related disorders are frequently hypovolemic. Furthermore, they frequently require repeated phlebotomies for laboratory evaluation of electrolytes, pH, oxygen tension, and other parameters. Adequate care of such infants is aided by small transfusions of heparinized blood. The walking donor program at the Sacramento Medical Center premature nursery furnishes these transfusions without exposing the infants to the hazards of receiving blood from many different donors. The program is described in detail, and the shortcomings of some of the alternative programs are pointed out.
Developmental and cell type-specific expression of the zinc finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) in postnatal mouse testis.

The transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4, formerly gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor, GKLF) is specifically expressed in postproliferative epithelial cells such as those of the gut and the epidermis. The importance of Klf4 in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes has been demonstrated by targeted gene ablation in mice. Klf4-deficient mice fail to establish the barrier function of the skin and die shortly after birth due to dehydration. Based on these findings as well as in vitro studies, Klf4 was characterized as a transcription factor essential for postproliferative differentiation of epithelial cells. However, the testicular Klf4 expression pattern is completely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Klf4 is developmentally regulated during postnatal testicular development of the mouse. Furthermore, we show strong expression in the postmeiotic germ cells undergoing final differentiation into sperm cells and provide evidence that Klf4 is also expressed in the somatic Sertoli cells. These findings suggest that Klf4 might play an important role in testicular differentiation in mammals.
Experimental and analytical investigation of jets exhausting into a deflecting stream

A circular jet issuing normally from an infinite flat plate into a deflecting stream is treated by the use of a potential flow model which represents the flowfield surrounding the jet, exclusive of the wake. The results indicate that the entrainment of deflecting-stream fluid into the jet is important in determining the plate pressure and that, for the case where the jet speed is much higher than the deflecting-stream speed, it is possible to use a two-dimensional representation. The calculated plate pressure distribution is compared with results of experiments. Experimental results are presented for noncircular as well as circular jets exhausting at various jet velocities from a large flat plate. Results indicate that a streamwise jet exit configuration is desirable.
Comparative Biology and Ecology of Tropical and Antarctic Foraminifera: ABSTRACT

End_Page 790------------------------------Studies of shallow-water benthonic Foraminifera are under way currently at Eniwetok Atoll in the equatorial Pacific and on the Antarctic Peninsula utilizing scuba gear for direct observation of natural situations and laboratory experimentation. On the atoll, species are distributed by microhabitat without regard for depth (to at least 150 ft), whereas in Antarctica, the benthic Foraminifera do not select specific microhabitats. Instead they are zoned according to depth, mostly in association with changing macrofaunal and floral changes. Because of ice abrasion in the Antarctic, few or no Foraminifera live between the intertidal zone and 18 ft in depth. Below that, a zone characterized by large kelps, sponges, tunicates, and brachiopods contains many Foraminifera, and at 120 ft the ass ciation is dominated by large glass sponges with about 25 species of Foraminifera. Heavy predation on Foraminifera takes place on the atoll by fish and grazing invertebrates; in Antarctica, Foraminifera are fed on mostly by invertebrates. There are at least 3 nutritive strategies in reef Foraminifera, although they seem to feed largely on bacteria in Antarctica. Like some tropical species, some Antarctic ones seem to live a long time (years) before reproducing. End_of_Article - Last_Page 791------------
A superconducting solenoid system which cancels fluctuations in the ambient magnetic field

Abstract An extra superconducting coil added to a standard, high-field solenoid results in a self-shielding solenoid system which utilizes flux conservation to passively shield an interior volume from changes in the ambient field, such as those from elevators or subways. For this first experimental demonstration, a highly homogeneous 6 T solenoid and an added coil were arranged in one of the geometries predicted to produce effective shielding. The fluctuations in the shielded high-field region are observed to be smaller than the fluctuations in the spatially uniform ambient magnetic field by a large factor of 156, confirming the general shielding principles presented earlier. This shielding is crucial for ongoing antiproton cyclotron resonance experiments and should be useful for nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and ion cyclotron resonance experiments and for other applications where high field and high stability are required simultaneously.
Predicting the cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism of xenobiotics

The cytochrome P450s play a unique role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Characteristics which allow a vast number of foreign compounds to be metabolized by a limited number of enzymes include broad substrate specificity and broad regioselectivity. Because of their importance in both the metabolism and toxicity of drugs and environmental contaminants, efforts are being made to use computational methods to predict these biotransformation pathways. This review describes the recent progress towards the prediction of the tertiary structures of the various P450s and the determination of the electronic characteristics of substrates which determine their tendency to be oxidized by the P450s.
Application of ferrites by electrophoresis process as keepers on printed circuit wiring of thin-film memories

A process for applying coatings to conductive materials by means of electrophoresis has been used for coating ferrites on printed circuit conductors as a magnetic keeper material for cylindrical thin film wire memories. This process is also known as electrocoating when used in this manner. The advantage of this process is the ability to obtain consistently a uniform coating of predetermined thickness and density on parts of any configuration. Another feature of this process is that good adhesion of the ferrites to the conductor is obtained. This is accomplished by use of a heterogeneous nitrogen resin as a suspension media for ferrites in an electrocoating bath The thickness of the coating increased with voltage and the density of the ferrites in the coating was dependent upon the concentration of ferrites in the coating bath. The denser the ferrites the higher the permeability. Word straps on a small piece of tunnel structure were electrocoated. Evaluation of these coatings were made in a cylindrical thin film tester. The keepered word straps had a much wider operating margin and a lower write threshold than unkeepered word straps. Complete units were then selectively keepered by this process and tested. These units were compared to those keepered with ferrite sheets and without keepers. The results of these tests indicated an overall improvement in the performance of the discrete keepered wire memory, i.e., lower word drive current, lower write threshold, improved adjacent bit disturb threshold, and increased output voltage with noise and cross talk levels of the discrete keeper lower than those with sheet keepers.
Origins of the SHEBA freshwater anomaly in the Mackenzie River delta

[1] The formation of a low salinity anomaly observed in the southern Beaufort Gyre in fall 1997 is examined, using output from a numerical sea ice - ocean climate model. The anomaly forms from locally reduced fall ice growth and from advection of river water. With regard to the latter, we find anomalous northwestward advection of water from the Mackenzie River delta (MRD) during 1997–1999, which fed a low salinity anomaly that circulated and deepened in the Beaufort Gyre until summer 2002, when it dissipated. The MRD salinity anomaly was especially fresh in 1997 because unusually convergent sea ice the previous summer and fall 1996 suppressed fall ice growth. The model shows a high correlation between advection from the MRD and salinity anomalies in the southern Beaufort Gyre until about 2002, when the correlation weakens as local sea ice melt/growth becomes the dominant forcing.
Many Roads Lead to Rome: Locomotion and Dynamics

(2000). Many Roads Lead to Rome: Locomotion and Dynamics. Infancy: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 221-224.
A 2200°C Fuel Centerline Johnson Noise Power Thermometer

A Johnson Noise Power Thermometer (JNPT) for temperature measurements to 2200°C in reactor fuel rods has been fabricated. The instrument is designed for use in LOFT reactor safety tests conducted under the direction of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Preparations are underway to evaluate the instrument in a reactor environment. The JNPT determines temperature by measuring the thermal noise power spontaneously generated in a sensing resistor coil. Because the noise power is not a function of the coil resistance, the thermometer output remains unaffected by radiation induced transmutation in the sensor and can provide constant "in-situ" temperature calibration. The design also has the capability of operating simultaneously as a thermocouple. The primary obstacle in fabricating a 2200°C JNPT is the construction of a localized high electrical resistance sensor at the tip of the 0.062-in OD sheath probe. At 2200°C, the sensor must possess a "loop resistance" greater than 50 ohms, while maintaining an insulation resistance greater than 100 ohms. The sensing resistor consists of a 0.003-in diameter Re wire closely wound in a coil with an outside diameter of 0.010-in. The coil is placed inside of a two hole hard fired HfO2 insulator, and the coil leads are laser welded to 0.010-in diameter connecting wires. These wires are also insulated with HfO2. The four foot long W/Re probe is hermetically sealed with a ceramic-to-metal seal capable of surviving thermal transients to 350°C/min. Preliminary JNPTs have been fabricated and tested to 2200°C.
Binding relations in noun phrases in Spanish

Abstract This article offers an account of binding relations between noun phrase internal elements and their potential antecedents inside or outside the noun phrase in Spanish by assuming that the distribution of constituents of a noun phrase differs minimally from the distribution of equivalent constituents inside clauses. We show that the location of a noun phrase containing anaphoric elements has important consequences on the availability of coreference relations between these elements and an outside antecedent. By assuming that anaphors or pronouns are coindexed in Spanish with a genitive clitic which optionally raises to Infl, we account for the fact that long-distance anaphors occur in the same environment where wh-movement is licensed; while pro-nominals are possible where wh-movement is illegal.
Additivity of mutant effects assessed by binomial mutagenesis.

Abstract Eleven amino acid positions in the helix-turn-helix of lambda repressor have been mutagenized by using a combinatorial method in which alanine is substituted at each position with a probability of 0.5. Approximately 25% of the 2048 proteins in the resulting binomial library are active, including some variants with as many as seven alanine substitutions. The frequency of alanine substitutions in the set of active variants is a measure of the importance of the wild-type residue at each mutagenized position, and comparison of the frequencies of pairwise mutations with those expected based upon the single-position frequencies allows the additivity of mutant effects to be tested. For the positions examined here, we find that the effects of multiple substitutions are largely additive and are able to predict the activity class of the binomial mutants with 90% accuracy by using a model that simply sums penalty scores derived from the alanine substitution frequencies. We also find, however, that several residue pairs, including some that are distant in the three-dimensional structure, do display nonadditive effects that appear to be statistically significant.
Black Orpheus and Aesthetic Historicism

This essay offers a novel approach for understanding the poetry of negritude and its role in the struggle for black liberation by appealing to Giambattista Vico’s insights on the historical, cultural, and myth-making function of poetry and of the mythopoetic imagination. The essay begins with a discussion of Vico’s aesthetic historicism and of his ideas regarding the role of imagination, poetry, and myth-making and then brings these ideas to bear on the discussion of the function of negritude poetry, focusing primarily on the writings of Aime Cesaire and on Jean-Paul Sartre’s essay, Black Orpheus .
Serotonergic influences on the social behavior of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus)

The behavioral effects of altering serotonin neurotransmission by chronic drug treatments in socially living vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) were examined. Animals received tryptophan (TRP, 20 mg/kg/day), parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 80 mg/kg/day), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP, 40 mg/kg/day), chlorgyline (10 mg/kg/day), or PCPA followed by concurrent PCPA and 5-HTP. Grooming, approaching, resting, and eating were increased by TRP and decreased by PCPA; TRP decreased and PCPA increased locomoting, avoiding, being solitary, and being vigilant. Grooming, being vigilant, and receiving aggression were increased by 5-HTP, and PCPA increased initiating aggression and decreased huddling. Concurrent administration of 5-HTP and PCPA reversed the effects of PCPA on approaching, grooming, and resting; augmented the PCPA effects on avoiding, being solitary, and aggression; and did not alter the PCPA effects on eating, locomoting, and huddling. Chlorgyline increased grooming, approaching, and being vigilant and decreased being solitary. No treatment significantly affected sexual behavior. These data suggest that serotonergic systems contribute relatively substantially to the mediation of grooming and approaching, participate less strongly in resting and locomoting, are implicated still more weakly in being solitary, avoiding, and being vigilant, and have little if any involvement in huddling, aggression, and sexual behavior.
Dose-rate effects between 0.3 and 30 GY/H in a normal and a malignant human cell line

This study used continuous {open_quotes}intermediate{close_quotes} dose rate irradiation (0.3-30 Gy/h) to compare the capacity for and repair of sublethal radiation damage in different cell lines growing in tissue culture. Two human cell lines were studied; one was derived from normal human fibroblasts (AG1522) and the other from a squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (HTB-35). Dose-response curves for clonogenic survival were determined following irradiation of plateau-phase cultures at five different dose rates: 22.6, 6.12, 3.65, 1.04, and 0.38 Gy/h. Subculture following irradiation was delayed for 8-24 h to allow for the full repair of {open_quotes}potentially lethal damage.{close_quotes} A significant dose-rate effect was seen in both cell lines. For irradiation at the highest dose rate, survival at 2 Gy (SF2) and the {alpha}/{beta} ratio were similar for the two cell lines (approximately 0.7 and 8.0 Gy, respectively) but the half-time of repair of sublethal damage was estimated to be approximately five times longer in the normal human fibroblast line (154 min) than in the carcinoma (31 min) cell line. These results indicate that measuring the dose-rate effect between 0.3 and 30 Gy/h is a useful way to identify and quantify differences in sublethal damage repair between cell lines. To themore » extent that in vitro and in vivo repair parameters are similar, and that representative tumor biopsy specimens can be examined in this way, this approach may provide a prospective way of determining the dose rate (brachytherapy) or fractionation schedule that will optimize the therapeutic ratio. 32 refs., 1 fig.« less
Integrated requirements for a space station

The time-phased mission set developed for the proposed space station program (including the manned facility, coorbiting and remote free flyers and platforms, orbital maneuvering and transfer systems, and storage and service facilities) by the Space Station Mission Requirements Workshop in May 1983, is presented in figures and tables and discussed. The scientific, commercial, and technology-development proposals are characterized, and the requirements for a station and coorbiting platform at 28.5-deg orbital inclination are listed for the period 1991-2000. Japanese, ESA, and Canadian utilization is considered, special requirements are outlined, and functional characteristics are summarized. Developmental strategies to meet the concerns of the user community are suggested.
The Effects of an Instructional Intervention on Dual Language Development Among First-Grade Hispanic English-Learning Boys and Girls: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study

In this article, we explore oral and reading development in Spanish and English for a sample of 70 first grade Hispanic English-learning boys and girls receiving a longitudinal English intervention and a comparison group of 70 boys and girls. Students were assessed at the outset of kindergarten and first grade, and the exit of first grade. Results showed that, on average, treatment students scored significantly better in dual oracy and Spanish literacy than control students. Girls demonstrated a faster rate in dual reading comprehension than did their boy counterparts. When the effects of treatment and gender were jointly examined, it is apparent that the treatment effect contributed to a larger proportion of variance compared to gender.
DETERMINATION OF MEAN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIANT TEMPERATURES FOR PREMATURE NEONATES NURSED UNDER RADIANT WARMERS

Infants nursed under radiant warmers are exposed to significant quantities of short wavelength, infrared power density distributed over their skin surface facing the heating element. The remainder of infant skin surface not facing the warmer is exposed to the walls of the nursery which are cooler than the skin, resulting in radiant heat loss in a longer wavelength infrared spectrum. Net radiant heat transfer in kcal/kg/hr (combined radiant heat losses and gains), has been calculated from a heat loss/heat gain partition we have previously reported for 10 neonates (WT 1.39±.08 SEM kg, GA 31 ± 1 wks) nursed naked and supine under radiant warmers servocontrolled to maintain abdominal skin temperature at 35.5, 36.5. and 37.5 °C. A specifically described application of the Stefan-Boltzman law which describes radiant heat transfer across a surface-to-surface temperature gradient (Bell and Rios, Pediatr Res, 17:135, 1983) was then applied to these data and the mean radiant temperatures these infants experienced over their entire exposed body surface area were calculated. Mean radiant temperatures in the infrared spectrums experienced were 40.8 ± 1.3 °C at 35.5°C skin temperature, 46.0 ± 1.4°C at 36.5°C and 48.6 ± 1.3°C at 37.5°C. These data suggest that net radiant heat transfer is in the direction of the infant. Spectral irradiance in the infrared range may be important in determining the infant's mean environmental radiant temperature when exposed to a radiant heat source.
Synthesis of the stereogenic triad of the halicyclamine A core.

Abstract We describe herein our progress toward the synthesis of halicyclamine A, which possesses very interesting biological activities and has never been synthesized. For this purpose, we proposed a stereoselective Diels–Alder reaction as a key step for the establishment of the stereogenic triad of the bis(piperidinyl) core of this molecule. A series of NMR studies was then conducted to establish the correct stereochemical assignment subsequent to the Diels–Alder reaction.
The cloacal storage of urine in the rooster.

Abstract 1. 1. The osmotic and ionic composition of the contents of the cloaca and large intestine of roosters was measured during dehydration and during salt and water loading. The urine moved from the urodeum retrogradely into the coprodeum and large intestine during all three types of osmotic stress, and the coprodeum and large intestine were therefore exposed to urine-feces contents with osmotic activities from 60 to 600 mOs and from 200 to 400 mOs respectively. 2. 2. The retrograde movement did not result in any difference in maximal and minimal osmotic and ionic composition between normally voided urine that had been stored in the intestine and cloaca and urine collected directly from the ureters during the three types of osmotic stress. 3. 3. During dehydration a limited resorption of NaCl and water was suggested by comparison of the cloacal output of NaCl and water with that of roosters in which the urine was collected from ureteral funnels.