cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous feedback to promote self-management of rest breaks during computer use

Abstract Short rest breaks at regular intervals can reduce musculoskeletal discomfort and the risk of repetitive strain injury during intensive computer work, but may seriously disrupt some tasks. As an alternative, two laboratory experiments tested if application of ergonomic principles of feedback control could improve worker self-management of discretionary rest breaks. Undergraduate typists ( N = 31, N = 30) entered lines of randomized words for about 1 h. Typists received scheduled breaks unless their discretionary breaks reached a target level of 30 s every 10 min. Typists in treatment conditions received continuous feedback indicating how their discretionary breaks compared to the target level, but typists in control conditions did not. Feedback in one experiment was task-integrated to reduce distractions. Typists in the feedback conditions controlled discretionary breaks better than controls, and also responded favorably to the continuous feedback. Typists receiving task-integrated feedback reported less task disruption and back discomfort than controls. Mood and cardiac response were unaffected in both studies, but error rates were lower in the feedback condition of one experiment. These results indicate that computer users can utilize continuous feedback about rest break behavior to improve self management of discretionary rest breaks, with no untoward effects on performance, well-being, or user acceptance.
Sequences in hydrolysates of thermal poly(glutamic acid, phenylalanine, alanine, methionine)

Abstract The four amino acids glutamic acid, phenylalanine, alanine and methionine were polymerized by heating to a temperature of 190–200°C. Non-random polymers were obtained as evidenced by Edman degradation and FAB mass spectrometry analysis of cyanogen bromide fragments of the polyamino acid polymers. The polymers obtained from the thermal polymerization contained pyroglutamyl N -terminal groups, as evidenced by the lack of reaction with ninhydrin reagent.
New adducts of octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX)

A new series of relatively stable adducts of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) with derivatives of pyridine-N-oxide were prepared. In addition, relative stable new adducts of HMX were prepared with 5-membered, 6-membered, and condensed-ring heterocyclic compounds. Most of the adduct-forming compounds (AFC's) contain an oxygen and/or nitrogen heteroatom, while several contain a sulfur heteroatom. Most of the adducts are equimolar with HMX; however, several contain 2 moles of AFC per mole of HMX and other ratios of AFC:HMX. Some properties of the new adducts are presented.
The Usefulness of a Conceptual Model in the Study of the Efficacy of Infection Surveillance and Control Programs

To identify characteristics and activities that should be studied in evaluating the efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs (ISCPs), we developed a conceptual model for use in designing the data collection forms and analytic strategies for the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control. The model emphasizes the prevention of infection by improving patient-care practices. From information collected during the hospital interview survey, we found substantial gaps between what should be practiced and what is; moreover, hospitals varied substantially in their approaches to improving these practices. The model and these diverse findings suggest ways in which hospitals can improve their ISCPs.
Implementation of a Critical State Two-Surface Model to Evaluate the Response of Geosynthetic Reinforced Pavements

A finite-element model was developed using ABAQUS software package to investigate the effect of placing geosynthetic reinforcement within the base course layer on the response of a flexible pavement structure. A critical state two-surface constitutive model was first modified to represent the behavior of base course materials under the unsaturated field conditions. The modified model was then implemented into ABAQUS through a user defined subroutine, UMAT. The implemented model was validated using the results of laboratory triaxial tests. Finite-element analyses were then conducted on different unreinforced and geosynthetic reinforced flexible pavement sections. The results of this study demonstrated the ability of the modified critical state two-surface constitutive model to predict, with good accuracy, the response of the considered base course material at its optimum field conditions when subjected to cyclic as well as static loads. The results of the finite-element analyses showed that the geosyntheti...
Differential expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins in cardiac tissues of broilers from pulmonary hypertension syndrome-resistant and -susceptible lines

Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) is a metabolic disease associated with the rapid growth rate of modern broilers. Broilers susceptible to PHS experience sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and ultimately heart failure. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial function is defective in broilers with PHS; they use oxygen less efficiently than broilers without PHS. In this study mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) protein levels were compared in cardiac tissues from PHS resistant and susceptible line broilers using quantitative immunoblots. Seven of 9 anti-mammalian mitochondrial ETC protein antibodies tested exhibited cross-species reactivity. Six ETC proteins were differentially expressed in the right ventricles of broilers raised under simulated high altitude conditions (2,900 m above sea level). Four ETC proteins were present at higher levels in resistant line birds without PHS than in resistant line birds with PHS or in susceptible line birds with or without PHS. One ETC protein was present at higher levels in broilers without PHS than in broilers with PHS in both lines, and one ETC protein was present at lower levels in susceptible line birds without PHS than in susceptible line birds with PHS or in resistant line birds with or without PHS. Interestingly, differential expression of mitochondrial ETC proteins was not observed in the right ventricles of broilers raised at local altitude (390 m above sea level) nor was it observed in the left ventricles of broilers exposed to simulated high altitude. These results suggest that higher levels of mitochondrial ETC proteins in right ventricle cardiac muscle may be correlated with resistance to PHS in broilers.
Sex Effects on Managerial Value Systems

This study investigated the possible effects of sex on managerial value systems. A matched-subject design, involving 130 male and female managers, was utilized. Generally, the similarities in value systems of males and females outweighed the differences. However, contrary to traditional sex-role stereotypes, female managers placed a greater emphasis on their careers vs. family/home life than did male managers.
Infectious endophthalmitis in adult eyes receiving Boston type I keratoprosthesis.

Purpose To report the clinical characteristics of infectious endophthalmitis after Boston type I keratoprosthesis (K-Pro) implantation. Design Retrospective study. Participants One hundred forty-one adult eyes receiving a K-Pro at a single institution from May 2004 through July 2008. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all adult eyes receiving a K-Pro at the University of Rochester from May 2004 through July 2008. Those patients identified as having been treated for exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis were reviewed for demographic data, indication for K-Pro, bandage contact lens use, prophylactic antibiotic use, timing and clinical presentation of endophthalmitis, gram stain and culture results of intraocular fluid, timing and presentation of any subsequent episodes of endophthalmitis (recurrent endophthalmitis), and preoperative and postoperative visual acuity through August 2010. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of endophthalmitis, time to occurrence, recurrence rates, visual outcomes, and risk factors associated with K-Pro endophthalmitis. Results Ten (7.1%) of 141 eyes of 130 adult patients were diagnosed and treated for bacterial endophthalmitis. Average time to endophthalmitis developing after K-Pro was 9.8 months (standard deviation [SD], 6.2 months; range, 2–25 months). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified in 7 eyes. In 7 of the 10 eyes, recurrent endophthalmitis developed that occurred at a mean of 4 months (SD, 3.9 months; range, 1–13 months) after resolution of the initial episode. At each episode of endophthalmitis, no eye was receiving vancomycin ophthalmic drops and most eyes were receiving only fluoroquinolone ophthalmic drops for prophylaxis. Conclusions Infectious endophthalmitis after K-Pro implantation has a higher incidence, delayed onset, and high risk for recurrence compared with postoperative endophthalmitis associated with more common intraocular procedures such as cataract surgery. The concurrent use of topical vancomycin is recommended because it seems to be important in reducing the incidence and recurrence of endophthalmitis and because fluoroquinolone ophthalmic drops do not seem to be sufficient prophylaxis in these eyes. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Is Suicide Clinically Preventable? What Is the Evidence?

Suicide is a major public health problem and cause of death, as well as years of life lost. The US suicide rate is at its highest level in over 15 years, and has become an epidemic in both our military forces and veterans of military service. (American Foundation for Suicide prevention). At present there is no evidence that suicide is clinically predictable in an individual, even though the standard of care requires that suicide risk be assessed in psychiatric patients, who show an elevated risk in general, and clinical efforts be made to reduce risk. Clinical prediction may be improved in a number of suggested ways, which could lead to more effective short-term prevention. While at present, there is no evidence that short term (2–3 months) treatment can prevent suicide, there is evidence from long-term studies that maintaining maintenance medication can reduce suicide in high risk patients.
C-Reactive Protein Relaxes Human Vessels In Vitro

Objective—C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive marker of inflammation and a prognostic marker in cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests direct biological activities of CRP within the vascular wall. The study was designed to examine the vasoreactive effects of CRP. Methods and Results—Human internal mammary artery rings were obtained during cardiovascular bypass surgery and suspended in an organ bath chamber. The rings were precontracted with endothelin-1, and response to cumulative concentrations of CRP was obtained. Experiments were repeated after initial incubation with 20, 40, and 60 mmol/L KCl, the potassium channel blockers BaCl, tetraethylammonium chloride, and glibenclamide, and the NO synthase inhibitor N-monomethyl-L-arginine and also after removal of the endothelium. CRP caused dose-dependent relaxation of human internal mammary artery rings, which was not affected by preincubation with N-monomethyl-L-arginine or removal of the endothelium. Maximum relaxation response to CRP (79.510%) was attenuated by KCl (2.511.5%, P0.001), BaCl (24.57.5%, P0.001), and tetraethylammonium chloride (34.98.25%, P0.01) but not by glibenclamide. Conclusions–The present study demonstrates that CRP exerts an endothelium-independent vasorelaxing effect via potassium channels. Thus, the study suggests a role of CRP in the regulation of vascular tone. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22:1865-1868.)
Reliability of Telepsychiatry Assessments: Subjective versus Observational Ratings:

Geriatric patients in underserved areas could benefit from the use of telecommunications to expand access to mental health services. It is important to determine the clinical limitations of using videoconferencing for psychiatric assessments, particularly in the elderly. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that videoconferencing ratings based on visual observations of behavior would be less reliable than ratings based on patients' verbal reports of symptoms. Videoconferencing assessments of 30 geriatric patients using low-bandwidth (ISDN) equipment were compared to gold standard face-to-face assessments. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was dichotomized into subjective items based on patients' verbal reports and observational items based on visual ratings of behavior. Reliability of the BPRS subjective items was consistently higher than for the observational items. Future studies should emphasize the accuracy of telemedicine ratings that require visual observation of behavior, which is crucial to clinical assessment of psychogeriatric conditions.
Mobile-TCP: an asymmetric transport protocol design for mobile systems

In this paper, we advocate the use, propose the design, and describe the implementation of an asymmetric transport-layer protocol for mobile systems. In an asymmetrically designed protocol, peer functions are implemented through algorithms and procedures that are of substantially different complexity, with the lower complexity procedures used on the mobile device. We have devised and implemented an example of such a communication protocol, termed by us Mobile-TCP that provides the TCP functionality. Although Mobile-TCP is based on the indirect interaction model, the semantics of the TCP protocol are preserved.
A twin-volume head coil for fMRI to study two interacting brains in one scanner

A novel twin-volume head coil that allows fMRI to study two interacting brains in one scanner was developed. An odd-even mode theory was established to analyze this new breed of MRI coils. The enabling capability of this coil could push fMRI beyond current boundary.
Boosted Spectral Embedding (BoSE): Applications to content-based image retrieval of histopathology

In machine learning, non-linear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) is commonly used to embed high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space while preserving local object adjacencies. However, the majority of NLDR methods define object adjacencies using distance metrics that do not account for the quality of the features in the high-dimensional space. In this paper we present Boosted Spectral Embedding (BoSE), a variant of the traditional Spectral Embedding (SE) that utilizes a Boosted Distance Metric (BDM) to improve the low-dimensional representation of the data. Under the naive assumption that all features are equally important, SE uses the Euclidean distance metric to define object-distance relationships. However, the BDM selectively weights features via the AdaBoost algorithm such that the low-dimensional representation contains only the most discriminating features. In this work BoSE is evaluated against SE in the context of digitized histopathology images using (a) content-based image retrieval and (b) classification via Random Forest of the low-dimensional representation. Using images from a cohort of 58 prostate cancer patient studies, BoSE and SE separated benign and malignant samples with areas under the precision-recall curve (AUPRCs) of 0.95 and 0.67 and classification accuracies using a Random Forest (RF) classifer were 0.93 and 0.79, respectively. For a cohort of 55 breast cancer studies, BoSE and SE performed comparably in terms of both RF accuracy and AUPRC. In addition, a qualitative visualization of the low-dimensional data representations suggests that BoSE exhibits improved class separability over SE.
Lexical access in children with and without specific language impairment : a cross-modal picture-word interference study

Two experiments examined the time course of lexical information availability in 20 adults, 20 children (8;0-10;0) with typical language development, and in 20 children (8;0-10;0) with specific language impairment. A cross-modal picture-word interference paradigm was used in which participants named the pictures as quickly as possible while ignoring the phonologically and semantically related interfering words. A novel early phonological interference effect appeared in all groups. Similar temporal patterns were revealed for the adults and the typical language development group, supporting the notion of similar underlying lexicalization mechanisms. Parametric differences were found in overall response times and errors, with children responding slower and producing more errors than adults. The presence of a phonological facilitation effect suggests that children with specific language impairment utilize phonological primes to ease lexical access. Children with specific language impairment exhibited lingering semantic inhibition and a late semantic inhibition effect suggesting difficulty in processing semantic information. Data from all participants support the cascaded processing model of lexical access.
Perturbation of sheep ovarian surface epithelial cells by ovulation: evidence for roles of progesterone and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the restoration of DNA integrity

Ovarian cells within the area of impending follicular rupture in the sheep exhibit evidence of DNA fragmentation. Most cells undergo a degenerative process indicative of apoptosis and are deleted before ovulation. However, some ovarian surface epithelial cells located along the margins of ruptured follicles persist (with damaged DNA) into the ensuing luteal phase. It is conceivable that a genetically-altered progenitor cell that has survived a sub-lethal insult at ovulation (i.e. with unrepaired DNA, but not committed to death) could give rise to a malignant phenotype that is propagated during the postovulatory ovarian surface wound-repair process. It was hypothesized that progesterone derived from the formative corpus luteum reestablishes genomic integrity among ovarian surface epithelial cells contiguous with the ovulatory site and that this response is mediated by the DNA repair/apoptosis-activating enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Ovarian surface epithelial cells immediately surrounding the ovulatory stigma of sheep follicles were recovered on luteal days 1, 2 or 4; control cells were obtained from an ipsilateral ovarian region removed from the point of ovulation. Immunofluorescent staining of end-linked digoxigenin or poly(ADP-ribose) was used to detect fragmented DNA or PARP-modified proteins within individual cells. Approximately 25% of surface epithelial cells that bordered the ovarian rupture site contained damaged DNA on days 1 and 2; there was a dramatic decrease by day 4 (<5%). The decline in DNA-compromised cells was negated byin vivoinhibition of lutein progesterone production invoked by ovarian perivascular injection (day 1) of the 3‚-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor isoxazol; this eVect was reversed by exogenous progesterone. There was a positive relationship on day 2 between the level of ovarian progesterone and immunostaining of ADP-ribose polymers in surface epithelial cells associated with the ovulatory site. Evidence of DNA fragmentation or PARP activity in control cells was low and not aVected by time of sample collection or treatments. The progesterone receptor antagonist RU486 and the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D blocked increases in PARP in ovarian surface epithelial cells incubated with progesterone. It is suggested that DNA damage to ovarian surface epithelium that is inflicted at ovulation is (normally) reconciled on a localized basis by progesterone/PARP-mediated repair or dedicated apoptotic cell death, thereby conferring protection against clonal transformation.
New precision wafer bonding technologies for 3DIC

A new precision wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding system for three-dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs) fabrication including a new precision alignment methodology and a unique thermocompression bonding procedure is proposed. Experimental results show that the alignment capability is 100 nm or better, and permanent bonding accuracy of 260 nm (|mean| + 3σ) in 300 mm Cu wafer bonding. An analysis of overlay error components is useful for identifying the causes of the error and improving the tool conditions. These capabilities are key enablers for the future of cost-effective 3DIC manufacturing.
Nanocoaxes for optical and electronic devices

The evolution of micro/nanoelectronics technology, including the shrinking of devices and integrated circuit components, has included the miniaturization of linear and coaxial structures to micro/nanoscale dimensions. This reduction in the size of coaxial structures may offer advantages to existing technologies and benefit the exploration and development of new technologies. The reduction in the size of coaxial structures has been realized with various permutations between metals, semiconductors and dielectrics for the core, shield, and annulus. This review will focus on fabrication schemes of arrays of metal − nonmetal − metal nanocoax structures using non-template and template methods, followed by possible applications. The performance and scientific advantages associated with nanocoax-based optical devices including waveguides, negative refractive index materials, light emitting diodes, and photovoltaics are presented. In addition, benefits and challenges that accrue from the application of novel nanocoax structures in energy storage, electronic and sensing devices are summarized.
Satellite sputtering in Saturn's magnetosphere

The heavy ion plasma and energetic particles continuously sputter the surfaces of the icy satellites embedded in the inner Saturnian magnetosphere. We evaluate satellite sputtering and compare the resulting H2O source distribution with the source distribution expected for the OH cloud recently observed by Hubble Space Telescope. At each satellite we combine, for the 2rst time, the data from the Plasma Science (PLS) and Low Energy Charged-Particle (LECP) instruments from Voyager 1 and 2, unifying them into a single plasma distribution function. Based on the calculated satellite sources, we conclude that sputtering of the satellite surfaces cannot produce the observed OH cloud and that a large additional source in the inner magnetosphere is needed to fully explain the HST observations. c
Learning to learn: Creating engineering classrooms for deep understanding

Metacognition involves an ability to reflect upon a learning episode, understand what strategies provoked learning, and gauge one's current level of understanding. This paper details preliminary evidence regarding the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) Metacognitive Learners course, a pre-engineering course structured to develop metacognitive strategies and habits through scaffolded collaborative group work, small and large group discussions about learning, and guided writing exercises designed to support learner reflection. Course curriculum addressed metacognition and metacognitive skill development in three explicit ways: a) team problem solving, b) student goal setting, and c) reflective writing about group process, project progress, and individual learning. Following this course, student survey data across all 4 sections suggests initial success in creating a learning environment that supports developing metacognition — students considered how they learned best, described their knowledge to others, and were asked to check their own understanding and progress throughout the course via dialogue and reflective writing.
Entropy–viscosity method for the single material Euler equations in Lagrangian frame

A new finite element method for solving the Euler equations in Lagrangian coordinates is proposed. The method is stabilized by adding artificial diffusion terms compatible with positivity of mass and internal energy, a minimum principle on the specific entropy, and all generalized entropy inequalities. Two options of first-order artificial diffusion are considered. One is in the spirit of the Eulerian based method (Guermond et al., 2011 [23, 22]; Zingan et al., 2013) and the other is similar to existing viscosity stabilizations in Lagrangian frame, e.g., Dobrev et al. (2012). The method is verified to be high-order for smooth solutions even with active viscosity terms. This is achieved by using high-order finite element spaces and an entropy-based viscosity stabilization that degenerates the first-order viscous terms. This stabilization automatically distinguishes smooth and singular regions. The formal accuracy and convergence properties of the proposed methods are tested on a series of benchmark problems. This is the first result extending the entropy–viscosity methodology to the Lagrangian hydrodynamics.
Influence of propranolol on hemodynamic changes and plasma catecholamine levels following cigarette smoking and nicotine.

SummaryCigarette smoke inhalation or intravenous infusion of nicotine produced a marked increase in cardiac output, stroke volume, arterial blood pressure and plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels with a reflex decrease in heart rate in the morphine-pentobarbital anesthetized dog. Following beta adrenergic blockade with 0.2 mg/kg propranolol intravenously, cigarette smoke inhalation and nicotine infusion resulted in a marked alteration of cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate and mean arterial pressure without significant changes in caval plasma catecholamine levels. It is concluded that beta adrenergic blockade produced by propranolol does not modify the release of catecholamines from the adrenal glands of dogs in response to smoking and nicotine and that the “unmasking” of alpha receptor activity causes a marked increase in systemic peripheral resistance and compromises left ventricular function.
Worldview Materialized in Teotihuacan, Mexico

Teotihuacan was probably laid out from its inception according to a master plan intended to express a specific worldview in material form. It is argued that a proposed measurement unit of 83 cm reveals mesoamerican calendrical numbers such as 52 (x 10), 73, 260, 584, and 819, when applied to city axes and major monuments. The channelized Rio San Juan divides the central zone into two sections: the watery underworld to the south, especially represented at the Ciudadela, and to the north the earthly representation of the passage from the underworld to the heavens, where the Sun Pyramid at the center symbolizes a sacred time bundle in the 260-day ritual calendar. The sacrificial burial complex found at the Feathered Serpent Pyramid seems to have been a part of the city-foundation program, and the iconography of the pyramid apparently commemorated this dramatization of the creation of time and space.
Ankyrin-B in lens architecture and biomechanics: Just not tethering but more

The ankyrins are a family of well-characterized metazoan adaptor proteins that play a key role in linking various membrane-spanning proteins to the underlying spectrin-actin cytoskeleton; a mechanistic understanding of their role in tissue architecture and mechanics, however, remains elusive. Here we comment on a recent study demonstrating a key role for ankyrin-B in maintaining the hexagonal shape and radial alignment of ocular lens fiber cells by regulating the membrane organization of periaxin, dystrophins/dystroglycan, NrCAM and spectrin-actin network of proteins, and revealing that ankyrin-B deficiency impairs fiber cell shape and mechanical properties of the ocular lens. These observations indicate that ankyrin-B plays an important role in maintaining tissue cytoarchitecture, cell shape and biomechanical properties via engaging in key protein: protein interactions required for membrane anchoring and organization of the spectrin-actin skeleton, scaffolding proteins and cell adhesive proteins.
Joe Scott, The Woodsman-Songmaker. By Edward D. Ives. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978. Pp. xxvii + 473. $22.50.

(1980). Joe Scott, The Woodsman-Songmaker. The Oral History Review: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 101-102.
Anesthetic Properties of Procaine Amide (Pronestyl) and Other Amide Analogues of Local Anesthetic Compounds.

Conclusions1. The anesthetic potencies of three anesthetics and their amide analogues have been determined and compared.2. The amide analogues are relatively ineffective as anesthetics upon intact nerve trunks.3. The partition coefficients between Ringer's solution and chloroform and between buffered isotonic saline of these anesthetics and their amide analogues have been determined.4. The differences in partition coefficients between these anesthetics and their amide analogues and their pharmacological actions have been discussed.
A Shakespeare Haunt in Bucks

ROMINENT among the many virtues possessed by manuscripts is their faculty of allowing us to turn the clock back figuratively scores of years or centuries. But it is only rarely that they make possible such an anachronism as a plane ride over two tiny villages of Shakespeare's England. This aerial view can be seen on a map in the Huntington Library, a map of Wotton-Underwood and Ludgershall, in the county of Buckingham. Wotton is situated at the bottom, the row of houses with their red roofs surrounded by green fields, the Parish Church at the left just below the manor house of Edward Grenville whose family's tenure goes back to the twelfth century. At the top is Ludgershall and between the two villages lies the clearing known as Wotton Lawnd, containing about one hundred acres, which occasioned this map and the many legal disputes over rights of common between Wotton and Ludgershall. The Lawnd was apparently good pasturage, and inhabitants of Ludgershall were frequently tempted to impinge on Wotton's rights there. Even the inhabitants of Wotton had to be restrained from time to time as one of the "Paines" in a Court Roll of i565 discloses: "Item, every Cottyger to kepe but X Sheep upon the Lawnd on paine to lose for every sheep above that stint iiij d.". The map was probably made at the height of these disputes, about I570, and is preserved among the papers of the Grenville family in the Huntington Library. The ability of the anonymous cartographer to depict these towns and the surroundings as if seen from the air and his care in minor details accounts for much of the picturesque quality of the manuscript. The mill owned by the lord of the manor, situated on a knoll to catch the breeze, is frequently mentioned in the Grenville documents but had disappeared by I789, its former location then being indicated by Windmill Hill. The old open field system of agriculture is also indicated, the furlongs surrounded by hedges and in turn divided into long cultivated strips or selions held by various owners. A Terrier of i6i6 discloses that the Archbishopric of Canterbury held seventy-nine of these selions scattered throughout twenty-three different furlongs. As was customary, part of these were allowed to lie fallow for a year and then rotated with barley, wheat, or other crops. The Mercer's Company of London also had extensive land holdings in Wotton. In the area torn away must have been located the hamlets of Tetchwick and Kingswood, just across the old Roman road, now Akeman Street, from
Multiplicity Reactivation of Vaccinia Virus in the Cells of the Chorioallantoic Membrane.

SummaryIrradiated vaccinia virus preparations increase in pock titer when the virus particles are subsequently induced to aggregate. Measurements by electron microscopy of the degree and mode of aggregation indicate the operation of a highly efficient multiplicity reactivation of the virus in the cells of the CAM. There is evidence for penetration of the cell and pock production by groups of 5 or more virus particles.
Are non-competitive elections good for citizens?:

Many regimes, particularly autocracies, hold elections where the ruling regime’s victory is a foregone conclusion. This paper provides a formal analysis of how these non-competitive elections affect citizen welfare compared to a non-electoral baseline. To do so, I first develop a game-theoretic framework that captures many extant theories of why regimes hold non-competitive elections, which are modeled solely as a public signal of the regime’s strength. Incumbents hold non-competitive elections to signal strength or gather information, which allows the regime to manage political interactions more effectively. However, even though non-competitive elections are a useful tool for (autocratic) regimes, they are also valuable to citizens. This is because citizens can also utilize the information generated by the election, and may receive more transfers, less repression, or more responsive policy than they would with no elections.
Analysis of the characteristics and related factors of the HIV-positive people in Hezhou city of Guangxi

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and the related factors of the HIV-positive people,and provide some reference data for making measures to prevent and control HIV infection in Hezhou city of Guangxi.Methods: Data of 2257 cases of HIV-positive people from Hezhou city between January 1,2009 and December 31,2011 were analyzed,including the composition,age,gender,education and career.Results: The HIV-positive people were 446 cases,856 cases and 955 cases in 2009,2010 and 2011,respectively.70%~75% of them were males,and 70%~80% of them were peasants,and more than 98% of them received no higher education.Conclusion: The HIV-positive people were mainly males,peasants and the population with lower education.The main transmission routes might be sexually transmission,related to the lower education and lack of self-protection ability.
Statistical prediction of the locus of endoproteolytic cleavage of the nascent polypeptide in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins

Existing methods of identifying the cleavage site of the nascent polypeptide and the C-terminal residue to which the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is attached in mature GPI-anchored proteins are technically difficult and labour-intensive. We tested the hypothesis that it was possible to predict this locus using data from the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence and amino acid composition of GPI-anchored proteins. We employed a statistical approach which allowed repeated chi 2 comparisons between the proportions of residual amino acids in the major body of the cDNA-deduced polypeptide (minus the N-terminal signal peptide) after repeated computer-generated progressive exoproteolysis from its C-terminus one amino acid at a time and the fixed proportion of amino acids obtained from amino acid analysis of the mature GPI-anchored protein. Initial comparison of the two parameters invariably revealed a relatively high chi 2 statistic which progressively lowered to a minimum point at which the amino acid proportions of progressively exoproteolysed polypeptide and fixed endoproteolysed polypeptides of the mature GPI-anchored protein were in closest agreement. This objectively defined and unique minimum point of closest agreement accurately identified the locus of post-translational endoproteolytic cleavage of the nascent polypeptide in several tissue-specific single-gene-encoded GPI-anchored proteins. Thus the C-terminal amino acid to which the GPI anchor is attached can be rapidly identified using data from the cDNA sequence and the amino acid composition of proteins suspected to be GPI-anchored.
An innovative platform for quick and flexible joining of assorted DNA fragments

Successful synthetic biology efforts rely on conceptual and experimental designs in combination with testing of multi-gene constructs. Despite recent progresses, several limitations still hinder the ability to flexibly assemble and collectively share different types of DNA segments. Here, we describe an advanced system for joining DNA fragments from a universal library that automatically maintains open reading frames (ORFs) and does not require linkers, adaptors, sequence homology, amplification or mutation (domestication) of fragments in order to work properly. This system, which is enhanced by a unique buffer formulation, provides unforeseen capabilities for testing, and sharing, complex multi-gene circuitry assembled from different DNA fragments.
Psychoeducational Psychotherapy and Omega-3 Supplementation Improve Co-Occurring Behavioral Problems in Youth with Depression: Results from a Pilot RCT

This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and Individual-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy (PEP; a family-focused, cognitive-behavioral therapy) for behavior problems among youth with depression. Participants aged 7–14 with DSM-IV-TR depressive disorders (N = 72; 56.9 % male) were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment conditions: PEP + omega-3, PEP monotherapy (with pill placebo), omega-3 monotherapy, or placebo (without active intervention). At screen, baseline, and 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 weeks post-baseline, parents completed the SNAP-IV, which assesses attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, and overall behavior problems. At screen, baseline (randomization), 6 and 12 weeks, parents completed the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), which includes Intensity and Problem scales for child behavior problems. Youth who had a completed SNAP-IV or ECBI for at least two assessments during treatment (n = 48 and 38, respectively) were included in analyses of the respective outcome. ClinicalTrials.gov.:NCT01341925. Linear mixed effects models indicated a significant effect of combined PEP + omega-3 on SNAP-IV Total (p = 0.022, d = 0.80) and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity trajectories (p = 0.008, d = 0.80), such that youth in the combined group saw greater behavioral improvement than those receiving only placebo. Similarly, youth in combined treatment had more favorable ECBI Intensity trajectories than youth who received no active treatment (p = 0.012, d = 1.07). Results from this pilot RCT suggest that combined PEP + omega-3 is a promising treatment for co-occurring behavior symptoms in youth with depression.
The stability of dual-taper modular hip implants: a biomechanical analysis examining the effect of impact location on component stability

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of dual-taper modular implants following impaction forces delivered at varying locations as measured by the distraction forces required to disassemble the components. Methods Distraction of the head-neck and neck-stem (NS) tapers of dual-taper modular implants with 0°, 8°, and 15° neck angles were measured utilizing a custom-made distraction fixture attached to a servohydraulic materials test machine. Distraction was measured after hand pressing the components as well as following a simulated firm hammer blow impaction. Impacts to the 0°, 8°, 15° necks were directed axially in line with the neck, 10° anterior, and 10° proximal to the axis of the neck, respectively. Results Impaction increased the range of NS component distraction forces when compared to hand pressed components (1125-1743 N vs 248-302 N, respectively). Off-axis impacts resulted in significantly reduced mean (±95% confidence interval) distraction forces (8° neck, 1125 ± 117 N; 15° neck, 1212 ± 73 N), which were up to 35% lower than the mean distraction force for axial impacts to the 0° neck (1743 ± 138 N). Conclusions Direction of impaction influences stability of the modular interface. The greatest stability was achieved with impaction directed in line with the longitudinal axis of the taper junction. Off-axis impaction of the 8° and 15° neck led to significantly reduced stability at the NS. Improving stability of dual-taper modular hip prostheses with appropriately directed impaction may help to minimize micromotion, component settling, fretting corrosion, and subsequent failure.
Awareness of Medicare Regulation Changes: Occupational Therapists' Perceptions and Implications for Practice

ABSTRACTAims: Occupational therapists who work with Medicare beneficiaries should keep abreast about Medicare regulations relevant to practice. This study identified how occupational therapists employed by contractual companies working in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) learn and interpret changes about Medicare regulations impacting practice. Methods: Researchers analyzed qualitative data from 11 occupational therapists employed in a Midwest metropolitan area through an open-ended questionnaire, focus group, and phone interview. Results: Major themes identified included primary reliance on company resources to learn about Medicare regulation changes, reasons therapists were for or against utilization of noncompany resources for enhanced awareness, barriers to, and suggestions for deepening understanding of Medicare regulation changes. Conclusions: Findings have important implications for the occupational therapy field by contributing to better understanding of how current communication and interpretati...
Safari Science: assessing the reliability of citizen science data for wildlife surveys

Summary Protected areas are the cornerstone of global conservation, yet financial support for basic monitoring infrastructure is lacking in 60% of them. Citizen science holds potential to address these shortcomings in wildlife monitoring, particularly for resource-limited conservation initiatives in developing countries – if we can account for the reliability of data produced by volunteer citizen scientists (VCS). This study tests the reliability of VCS data vs. data produced by trained ecologists, presenting a hierarchical framework for integrating diverse datasets to assess extra variability from VCS data. Our results show that while VCS data are likely to be overdispersed for our system, the overdispersion varies widely by species. We contend that citizen science methods, within the context of East African drylands, may be more appropriate for species with large body sizes, which are relatively rare, or those that form small herds. VCS perceptions of the charisma of a species may also influence their enthusiasm for recording it. Tailored programme design (such as incentives for VCS) may mitigate the biases in citizen science data and improve overall participation. However, the cost of designing and implementing high-quality citizen science programmes may be prohibitive for the small protected areas that would most benefit from these approaches. Synthesis and applications. As citizen science methods continue to gain momentum, it is critical that managers remain cautious in their implementation of these programmes while working to ensure methods match data purpose. Context-specific tests of citizen science data quality can improve programme implementation, and separate data models should be used when volunteer citizen scientists' variability differs from trained ecologists' data. Partnerships across protected areas and between protected areas and other conservation institutions could help to cover the costs of citizen science programme design and implementation.
Client perfectionism and psychological symptoms throughout psychotherapy

Objective: Given the psychological issues experienced by individuals high in perfectionistic concerns (maladaptive perfectionism), or a feeling as if one is never good enough, and discrepancies in the literature as to whether these individuals experience benefits from therapy, it is imperative that research examine whether perfectionism actually improves throughout therapy. The current study improves upon past research by examining changes in perfectionism (both perfectionistic concerns and strivings) throughout therapy, rather than simply measuring perfectionism at pre- and post-therapy. This study also investigates how these changes in perfectionism, if they exist, impact changes in psychological symptoms. Methods: In total, 153 clients at a psychology training clinic in which a general treatment paradigm was implemented completed the Short Almost Perfect Scale (SAPS; Rice et al., 2014) and Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2; Lambert et al., 1996) prior to intake and sessions 1, 3, and 5. Results and Conclusions: Multilevel modeling results revealed that there were significant improvements in perfectionistic concerns and symptoms although, as expected, no significant changes in perfectionistic strivings were observed. Additionally, there was a trend effect for changes in perfectionistic concerns being associated with changes in symptoms. Further, results of latent difference score analyses revealed that changes in symptoms throughout therapy preceded changes in perfectionistic concerns. Clinical and methodological significance of this article: This study uses multilevel modeling (MLM) and latent difference score analyses to assess changes in perfectionism throughout therapy, whether they are associated with changes in symptoms, and whether changes in perfectionism precede changes in symptoms, or vice versa. To date, there have been discrepancies in the literature as to whether perfectionism improves throughout therapy, and most of these have only measured perfectionism at pre- and post-therapy. This study is an improvement over past studies as it measures perfectionism throughout therapy which has implications for therapy work with perfectionistic clients.
Adaptive ℓ 0 -norm sparse third order volterra filter for transcranial ultrasound image enhancement: In-vivo results

Differentiating between the early stages of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and other diseases with parkinsonian symptoms is difficult from analyzing motor degeneration symptoms alone. For this reason, a commonly used diagnostic marker for PD is the hyperechogenicity of the Substantia Nigra (SN), which can help to make an early differential diagnosis of PD. Current practice for determining if an image displays hyper-echogenicty relies on clinician experience heavily because of the difficulty of discerning features in standard B-mode imaging. Harmonic imaging has been studied extensively, and while it does improve the image quality, it suffers from spectral overlap with the noisy fundamental component. Our approach uses an adaptive Third Order Volterra Filter (ToVF), which avoids this problem by completely separating an image into its linear, quadratic, and cubic components with no overlap. One of the standard implementations of the ToVF is through an adaptive Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm. This paper examines two algorithms developed through applying an l 0 constraint on the standard RLS cost function. The two algorithms approximate this cost function in different ways, one using a Slow Time Varying (STV) approximation and the other using a Taylor Series Expansion (TSE) approximation. Theoretically the l 0 constraint will shorten the number of iterations to reach steady state without sacrificing image quality. Our results confirm that these theoretical results hold on an in vivo application.
CONGRUENCES AND POLYNOMIALS

This chapter provides an overview of congruences and polynomials in the case of an arbitrary commutative ring with unity R . The linear congruence ax ≡ b (mod m ) has a solution x 0 ⇔ the linear diophantine equation ax + my = b has a solution { x 0 , y 0 }. This result transforms a linear congruence into a linear diophantine equation. The proof of the Chinese remainder theorem provides a straightforward recipe for finding a solution of simultaneous congruences. One of the questions considered described in the chapter is that of solving the linear equation αx = β in Z m . When it is given a, b ∈ R , a ≠ 0, one can say that a divides b in R , that is, a is a factor of b , or b is divisible by a , or b is a multiple of a , and write a | b when there exists c ∈ R for which ac = b . There is no requirement that c be unique. If no such element c ∈ R exists, one can say that a does not divide b in R , and write a × b . Thus, a | b if and only if the linear equation ax = b has a solution in R .