cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case study on analysis of bus bar protection relay tripping due to improper logic configuration

Modern numerical relays called as intelligent electronic device (IED), are embedded with advanced protection features to facilitate additional security features. Such security features eliminate the conventional topology of providing dual current transformers (CT) on either side of bus coupler circuit breaker (CB) to eliminate blind zones. Further, it also supports dynamic CT switching based on CB status, which assists elimination of blind spots, thereby eradicating the need for additional CT, thus providing a cost effective solution without compromise on protection.
B -spline R -matrix-with-pseudostates approach for excitation and ionization of atomic oxygen by electron collisions

Electron scattering with atomic oxygen has been studied using the $B$-spline $R$-matrix-with-pseudostates method. Cross sections for elastic scattering, excitation, emission, and ionization processes are presented. The excitation cross sections have been calculated for transitions between the $2{s}^{2}2{p}^{4}$ and $2{s}^{2}2{p}^{3}3l$ states of oxygen in the energy range from threshold to 200 eV. The present work differs from numerous previous studies due to the inclusion of a large number of pseudostates in the calculation. We included a total of 1116 spectroscopic bound, core-excited autoionizing, and target continuum states in the close-coupling expansion. The atomic oxygen structure model has been described by combining the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock and the $B$-spline box-based multichannel methods. The inclusion of a large number of pseudostates representing the target continuum has a major impact, especially on the theoretical prediction of the excitation cross sections for many transitions at intermediate energies. A large reduction in excitation and emission cross sections has been noted due to the inclusion of coupling to the ionization continuum. The calculated cross sections are now in better agreement with available experimental results. The ionization cross sections for the ground $2{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}2{p}^{4}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}P$ and metastable $2{s}^{2}2{p}^{4}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}D$ and $^{1}S$ states are also presented. The electron-impact-induced emission cross sections for the $(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{3}3s){\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{S}^{o}--(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{4}){\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}P$ (130.4 nm), $(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{3}3d){\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{D}^{o}--(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{4}){\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}P$ (102.7 nm), $(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{3}3{s}^{\ensuremath{'}}){\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{D}^{o}--(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{4}){\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}P$ (98.9 nm), and $(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{3}3{s}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}){\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{D}^{o}--(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{4}){\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}P$ (87.8 nm) transitions have been calculated and compared with the available experimental results.
No hanging out in neighborhoods of infinity in the three-body problem

Consider the spatial Newtonian three-body problem at fixed negative energy and fixed angular momentum. The moment of inertia I provides a measure of the overall size of a three-body system. We will prove that there is a positive number $$I_0$$ depending on the energy and angular momentum levels as well as the masses such that every solution at these levels passes through $$I\le I_0$$ at some instant of time. Motivation for this result comes from trying to prove the impossibility of realizing a certain syzygy sequence in the zero angular momentum problem.
Characterizing body temperature and activity changes at the onset of estrus in replacement gilts

Abstract Accurate estrus detection can improve sow conception rates and increase swine production efficiency. Unfortunately, current practices based on individual animal behavior may be inefficient due to large sow populations at commercial farms and the associated labor required. Therefore, the study objective was to characterize body temperature and activity changes in replacement gilts at the onset of estrus in order to provide initial data to develop a remote estrus detection system for commercial swine operations. Twelve replacement gilts (130.2±1.9 kg BW) were administered altrenogest to synchronize estrus, and data loggers that detect vaginal temperature (TV) and quantify total activity 24 h/d in 5 min intervals were attached to a blank controlled internal drug release device and inserted intra-vaginally for 7 d prior to expected estrus. Activity was quantified as counts per minute (cnt/min) using an internal accelerometer. During the 7 d of monitoring, gilts were checked for estrus twice daily (0800 and 1500 h) by two trained individuals. To standardize data, only the day of estrus detection (dE) and the 3 d prior (d−3, d−2, d−1, n =4 total days) were used in the final analysis since gilts came into estrus on different days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4. Overall, TV was reduced (P
Perspective, Summary, and Directions for Future Research on Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, which is accompanied by the deposition of the extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the form of senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, dystrophic neuritis, and amyloid angiopathy. Alterations in metabolism of amyloid precursor protein and hyperphosphorylation of Tau along with the defective clearance of Aβ generates a cascade of events including Tau-mediated breakdown of microtubular assembly, Aβ induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive dysfunction, which result in onset of AD. Some recent studies support the notion that Aβ oligomers (ADDLs) are the primary neurotoxins. These oligomers bind to dendrite surfaces in small clusters with ligandlike specificity and are capable of destroying hippocampal neurons at nanomolar concentration. Importantly, recent studies suggest a correlation between cerebrospinal fluid levels of ADDLs and cognitive deficits in human patients with AD. These findings support the view that soluble ADDLs interfere acutely with normal synaptic functions and contribute significantly to the memory loss and cognitive dysfunction characteristic of AD. The recent clinical failures of drug therapy and immunotherapy in patients with AD have intensified scrutiny of the “amyloid cascade hypothesis.” Nevertheless, the causal linkage between Aβ and AD remains strong and is supported by hundreds of studies over the past two decades.
Dosimetric differences between local failure and local controlled non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: A matched-pair study

Introduction Concerns were raised about the accuracy of pencil beam (PB) calculation and potential underdosing of medically inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). From our institutional series, we designed a matched-pair study where each local failure and controlled patient was matched based upon several clinical factors, to investigate the dose difference between the matched-pair. Methods Eighteen pairs of NSCLC patients, treated with 50 Gy in five fractions, were selected. These patients were matched based on treatment intent, tumour size, histology and clinical follow-up. All PB calculated clinical plans were retrospectively recalculated with a MC algorithm. The D99 and DMean of the gross tumour volume (GTV) and D95 and DMean of the planning tumour volume (PTV) from PB and Monte Carlo (MC) calculation were compared between local failures and controls using the Mann-Whitney test. Results The mean PB calculated D95 of PTV was 50.4 Gy for both failures and controls (P = 0.85), indicating no planning differences between the groups. From MC calculations, the mean (±SD) of GTV D99 , GTV DMean , PTV D95 , PTV DMean were 47.6 ± 2.6/46.3 ± 2.4, 50.4 ± 2.1/49.8 ± 1.6, 44.4 ± 2.7/43.6 ± 3.1, 48.7 ± 2.4/48.2 ± 2.4 Gy for failure/controlled groups, respectively, and there was no significant difference between two groups (all P > 0.1). The dose differences between MC and PB calculations were in agreement with other literatures and there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusions While PB algorithms may overestimate tumour doses relative to MC algorithms, our matched-pair study did not find dose differences between local failure and local controlled cases.
Autonomous cycling between excitatory and inhibitory coupling in photosensitive chemical oscillators

Photochemically coupled Belousov-Zhabotinsky micro-oscillators are studied in experiments and simulations. The photosensitive oscillators exhibit excitatory or inhibitory coupling depending on the surrounding reaction mixture composition, which can be systematically varied. In-phase or out-of-phase synchronization is observed with predominantly excitatory or inhibitory coupling, respectively, and complex frequency cycling between excitatory and inhibitory coupling is found between these extremes. The dynamical behavior is characterized in terms of the corresponding phase response curves, and a map representation of the dynamics is presented.
Activation of endothelial cells by extracellular vesicles derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages or mice

Endothelial cells play an essential role in regulating an immune response through promoting leukocyte adhesion and cell migration and production of cytokines such as TNFα. Regulation of endothelial cell immune function is tightly regulated and recent studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are prominently involved in this process. However, the importance of EVs in regulating endothelial activation in the context of a bacterial infection is poorly understood. To begin addressing this knowledge gap we characterized the endothelial cell response to EVs released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected macrophages. Our result showed increased macrophage migration through the monolayer when endothelial cells were pretreated with EVs isolated from Mtb-infected macrophages. Transcriptome analysis showed a significant upregulation of genes involved in cell adhesion and the inflammatory process in endothelial cells treated with EVs. These results were validated by quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. Pathway analysis of these differentially expressed genes indicated that several immune response-related pathways were up-regulated. Endothelial cells were also treated with EVs isolated from the serum of Mtb-infected mice. Interestingly, EVs isolated 14 days but not 7 or 21 days post-infection showed a similar ability to induce endothelial cell activation suggesting a change in EV function during the course of an Mtb infection. Immunofluorescence microscopy result indicated that NF-κB and the Type 1 interferon pathways were involved in endothelial activation by EVs. In summary, our data suggest that EVs can activate endothelial cells and thus may play an important role in modulating host immune responses during an Mtb infection.
State-Level Guidance on School-Based Screening for Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Risk: A Follow-Up Study

A recent study evaluated the level of guidance provided by states on their Department of Education web sites regarding school-based social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) screening. The purpose of this follow-up study was to interview a small sample of state-level stakeholders to supplement the findings from the web site evaluation study. Specifically, current goals were to (a) confirm findings from the web search and coding of state department of education materials and (b) add perspectives on the history, current, and future landscape of SEB policies and initiatives in K-12 education in that state. Results of the current study demonstrated that participants agreed with the initial study findings regarding the guidance provided by state departments of education to K-12 schools around SEB screening. Further, most participants indicated additional future directions regarding the landscape of SEB screening in their state since the period in which the primary document information was captured. Results of this exploratory study indicate that although the current and future of SEB screening varies across states, key stakeholders within state Departments of Education were aware of the importance, need, and relevance of SEB screening in K-12 schools.
Dynamic Lifetime Reliability Management for Chip Multiprocessors

We introduce an algorithm for dynamic lifetime reliability optimization of chip multiprocessors (CMPs). The proposed dynamic reliability management (DRM) algorithm combines thread migration and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) as the two primary techniques to change the CMP operation. The goal is to increase the lifetime reliability of the overall system to the desired target with minimal performance degradation. We test the proposed algorithm with a variety of benchmarks on 16 and 64 core network-on-chip (NoC) based CMP architectures. Full-system based simulations using a customized GEM5 simulator demonstrate that lifetime reliability can be improved by 100 percent for an average performance penalty of 7.7 and 8.7 percent for the two CMP architectures.
Probingthe Diphosphine Ligand’s Impact withinHeteroleptic, Visible-Light-Absorbing Cu(I) Photosensitizers for SolarFuels Production

In an effort to further develop earth-abundant photosensitizers for use in solar fuels production, a series of heteroleptic, visible-light-absorbing Cu(I) photosensitizers (PSs) of the design [Cu(PP)(NN)]PF6 were prepared (PP = bidentate diphosphine, Xantphos = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene, DPEphos = bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether, Nixantphos = 4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)-10H-phenoxazine; NN = bidentate diimine, biq = 2,2′-biquinoline). The Xantphos ligand was modified to impart flexibility (PP = DPEphos) and redox activity (PP = Nixantphos) to the diphosphine backbone to probe their influence on the light-absorbing properties and excited state dynamics using steady-state and time-resolved (nanosecond) spectroscopic techniques. Following visible light excitation to populate redox-active Cu(dπ) → biq(π*) metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states (MLCT ES), intermolecular electron transfer via reductive quenching by the N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) electron donor produces the one-...
Worlds of Meaning

Welcome to the fifth issue of Humanist Studies &the Digital Age entitled Networks and Projects: New Platforms in Digital Humanities. The sections Perspectives and Interventions are devoted to the publication of a selection from the proceedings of a colloquium held at Brown University in the Spring of 2015. These first two sections are presented and introduced by Massimo Riva in his essay on Scholarly Networks and Collaborative Practices. The third section of this issue, Projects, is presented by Crystal Hall in her introduction, Italian Studies and Digital Humanities: Research Outcomes. In the brief notes of my Editorial, I reflect on the idea of “network” as conceptual framework and privileged space of knowledge engaging with Pierre Levy’s work, and I anticipate the topic of the sixth issue of this journal that will be published in 2019.
Overview of measurement-based positive psychiatry.

Background: Psychiatry has traditionally focused on studying psychopathology and treating mental illnesses to relieve symptoms and prevent relapse. Positive psychiatry seeks to expand the scope of ...
Meconium identifies high levels of metals in newborns from a mining community in the U.S.

Abstract Background This pilot study was conducted to determine if we could identify intrauterine exposure to metals in meconium, as a measure of exposure for mother-child pairs living in proximity to a mining operation. Objectives We used meconium as a means to measure metal exposure in utero. We set out to quantify the exposure to selected metals that are currently being mined and also are found in the Superfund site in Butte, Montana, and to compare it to that of Columbia, South Carolina, US, where mining is not occurring. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2018. We received Institutional Review Board approval and we consented women following the birth of their newborns, and collected meconium within 24 h of birth, without any identifiers. Each laboratory used the same protocol for collection, transport, and storage; and the same laboratory protocol was used for the analysis of all samples. Samples were digested using standard acid/peroxide digestion methods and measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Results We collected meconium specimens from 17 infants in Columbia, South Carolina and 15 infants in Butte, Montana. The concentrations found in Columbia were in the low μg kg−1 range (or less) and were similar to the low levels that have been identified in other studies of meconium. The magnitude of the differences in concentrations found in Butte compared to Columbia was 1792 times higher for Cu, 1650 times higher for Mn, and 1883 times higher for Zn. Conclusion Using meconium to measure exposure of newborns has implications for risk assessment in a mining-exposed population. This approach was inexpensive and thorough. The magnitude of the differences in the metal levels identified from the two study sites suggests there is an urgent need for further research to learn if there are health consequences to these highly exposed infants.
Arf1-Ablation-Induced Neuronal Damage Promotes Neurodegeneration Through an NLRP3 Inflammasome–Meningeal γδ T cell–IFNγ-Reactive Astrocyte Pathway

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are often initiated from neuronal injury or disease and propagated through neuroinflammation and immune response. However, the mechanisms by which injured neurons induce neuroinflammation and immune response that feedback to damage neurons are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Arf1 ablation in adult mouse neurons resulted in activation of a reactive microglia–A1 astrocyte–C3 pathway in the hindbrain and midbrain but not in the forebrain, which caused demyelination, axon degeneration, synapse loss, and neurodegeneration. We further find that the Arf1-ablated neurons released peroxided lipids and ATP that activated an NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia to release IL-1β, which together with elevated chemokines recruited and activated γδT cells in meninges. The activated γδ T cells then secreted IFNγ that entered into parenchyma to activate the microglia–A1 astrocyte–C3 neurotoxic pathway for destroying neurons and oligodendrocytes. Finally, we show that the Arf1-reduction-induced neuroinflammation–IFNγ–gliosis pathway exists in human neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. This study illustrates perhaps the first complete mechanism of neurodegeneration in a mouse model. Our findings introduce a new paradigm in neurodegenerative research and provide new opportunities to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a medical emergency that usually presents with anterior neck pain, fever, and dysphagia and can lead to airway obstruction. Thyroid infection is rare, and an underlying immune deficiency or thyroid abnormality is present in most cases. The majority of immunocompetent patients will have a pyriform sinus fistula. Differentiating acute suppurative thyroiditis from painful subacute thyroiditis or invasive head and neck infections usually requires diagnostic imaging with CT or ultrasound. In certain instances, tissue histology obtained by fine needle aspiration may be required to definitively diagnose acute suppurative thyroiditis. Obtaining cultures by aspiration, surgery, or percutaneous drainage is required to guide antibiotic therapy. The majority of acute suppurative thyroiditis cases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species. Acute suppurative thyroiditis should be treated urgently with antibiotics and abscess drainage.
New transport technologies and health

Abstract New transport technologies, such as electric, shared, autonomous vehicles, and micromobility, are major disruptive technologies producing drastic changes in the transport sector and the built environment. New transport technologies have been expanded rapidly in urban areas across the world. Uses of e-scooters, e-bikes, or services such as Uber or Lift have significantly impacted the urban mobility, changing travel behavior, and transport-related health determinants. This chapter will describe the health determinants related to new transport technologies and how these technologies are affecting public health.
Food-borne disease related behavior analysis of family food providers in the floating population of Hangzhou city

Objective To study food-borne disease related behavior of the floating population in Hangzhou city. Methods A questionnaire on food-borne disease related behaviors was formulated based on Delphi method. A family-based retrospective investigation was conducted by unified trained investigators to analyze the frequency of food-borne disease related behaviors of family food providers during the past month in several floating-population centers of Hangzhou city. The investigation was conducted among 150 adults of every survey spot quarterly during a one-year period. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results According to all 1 781 valid recovery questionnaires, 82.42% subjects had a family income less than 50 000 yuan per year and 87.42% of them had junior-middle-school or lower levels of education. The proportions of subjects who always cleaned kitchen tools, covered the garbage can and kept house out of flies, roaches and mice were 42.50%, 55.87% and 61.09%, respectively. The proportions of subjects who always purchased intact packaged food and food under warranty were 39.70% and 52.33%, respectively. The proportions of subjects who always used tapped water, cleaned hands before food processing, cooked eggs and other foods till well-done were 66.03%, 51.94%, 53.62%, 35.99% and 32.62%, respectively. The proportions of subjects who always stored food in containers with cover and for no more than 3 days in freezer were 20.89% and 30.88%, respectively. The frequencies of food-borne disease related behaviors mentioned above were significantly higher among migrants who originated from urban areas, received education above junior-middle-school and had a family income no less than 50 000 yuan/y than the others (P<0.05). Conclusion In order to correct the risky behaviors during food consuming, processing and storage, targeted intervention is necessary among family food providers of floating population families. Key words: Population; Health behavior; Questionnaires
Finding a Needle in a Haystack: Identification of a Beige Fat Progenitor.

Oguri and colleagues use single-cell RNA sequencing to identify a beige adipocyte precursor cell that gives rise to thermogenic adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. These beige fat progenitors are marked by PDGFRα, Sca1, and CD81 and proliferate upon activation of FAK-signaling in response to the cold and irisin.
How changing cultural distribution mechanisms change, and paradoxically, do not change, the global cultural system

The geography of digital distribution by Ramon Lobato (2019) and Locked out: Regional restrictions in digital entertainment culture by Evan Elkins (2019) provide fascinating views on the ways in wh...
Workflow Analysis Driven Recommendations for Integration of Electronically-Enhanced Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening Tools in Pediatric Emergency Departments.

Adolescents are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Failure to diagnose and treat STIs in a timely manner may result in serious sequelae. Adolescents frequently access the emergency department (ED) for care. Although ED-based STI screening is acceptable to both patients and clinicians, understanding how best to implement STI screening processes into the ED clinical workflow without compromising patient safety or efficiency is critical. The objective of this study was to conduct direct observations documenting current workflow processes and tasks during patient visits at six Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) EDs for site-specific integration of STI electronically-enhanced screening processes. Workflow observations were captured via TaskTracker, a time and motion electronic data collection application that allows researchers to categorize general work processes and record multitasking by providing a timestamp of when tasks began and ended. Workflow was captured during 118 patient visits across six PECARN EDs. The average time to initial assessment by the most senior provider was 76 min (range 59–106 min, SD = 43 min). Care teams were consistent across sites, and included attending physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, registration clerks, technicians, and students. A timeline belt comparison was performed. Across most sites, the most promising implementation of a STI screening tool was in the patient examination room following the initial patient assessment by the nurse.
Miscanthus Grass as a Novel Functional Fiber Source in Extruded Feline Diets

Although dietary fiber is not considered an essential nutrient in a complete and balanced diet for felines, it provides a substrate for fermentation by gut microbiota, thus promoting gastrointestinal health through the production of fermentative metabolites, as well as improving laxation. The aim of this research was to evaluate the novel fiber source, Miscanthus grass (Miscanthus giganteus), in comparison with traditional fiber sources and their effects on fecal quality, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fecal fermentative end products, and microbiota of healthy adult cats. Four dietary treatments were evaluated, differing in dietary fiber source. The diets were formulated to meet or exceed the AAFCO (2018) nutritional profile for adult cats and contained either cellulose (CO), Miscanthus grass fiber (MF), a blend of Miscanthus fiber and tomato pomace (MF + TP), or beet pulp (BP). The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 28 neutered adult, domesticated shorthair cats (19 females and 9 males, mean age 2.2 ± 0.03 years; mean body weight 4.6 ± 0.7 kg, mean body condition score 5.6 ± 0.6). The experimental period comprised 21 days, and a fresh fecal and a total fecal collection were performed during the last 4 days of the trial period. Daily food intake (DM basis) was similar across all groups (P > 0.05). Additionally, treatment did not affect fecal output (as-is or DM basis), fecal score, or fecal pH (P > 0.05). Cats fed BP had significantly higher total dietary fiber ATTD than all the other treatments (P 0.05). Inclusion of dietary fibers was effective in modulating gut microbiota. Cats fed diets containing Miscanthus grass had greater α-diversity than cats fed BP. As no adverse effects on health, fecal quality, or ATTD of macronutrients were observed with the inclusion of 9% Miscanthus grass fiber or fiber blend, the data suggest that Miscanthus grass fiber and fiber blends are viable alternatives to the traditional dietary fiber sources used in commercial extruded feline diets, being most comparable to cellulose.
Association between periodontal disease and oral cancer screening among US adults: NHANES 2011-2014.

OBJECTIVES To examine oral cancer screening rates and associated factors among adults with periodontal disease (PD). We hypothesized that adults with severe PD will be less likely to report receipt of any type of oral cancer screening than adults with no PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data on adults ≥30 years. PD status was classified as no PD, mild/moderate PD and severe PD. Survey-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to examine the model adjusted risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the outcome of not receiving intraoral, extraoral or both types of oral cancer screenings among adults with PD. Control variables included age, sex, race/ethnicity, health insurance, education, income level, smoking status, alcohol use and last dental visit. RESULTS The analytic sample included 6962 adults weighted to the national population of adults who had a periodontal examination during 2011-2014. Overall, 31.5%, 26.8% and 20.9% of adults reported receipt of intraoral, extraoral and both types of oral cancer screening, respectively. Almost 40% of adults had some form of PD (7.6% severe and 32.4% mild/moderate PD). A higher proportion of 45-64-year-olds, males, non-Hispanic Blacks, those with less than high school education, with income level less than 200% federal poverty level, or those with no insurance had severe PD than no PD. In adjusted analyses, adults with severe PD were significantly more likely to report no receipt of intraoral (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12-1.40), extraoral (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07-1.27) or both types of oral cancer screenings (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.10-1.27) than those with no PD. CONCLUSIONS Significantly low proportion of adult's age ≥30 years with severe PD reported receiving any type of oral cancer screening. The association between PD and risk of oral cancers points to the need to improve oral cancer screening rates among adults with PD.
Process Control: A First Course with MATLAB

An introductory 2002 textbook, Process Control covers the most essential aspects of process control suitable for a two-semester course. While classical techniques are discussed, also included is a discussion of state space modeling and control, a modern control topic lacking in most introductory texts. MATLAB, a popular engineering software package, is employed as a powerful yet approachable computational tool. Text examples demonstrate how root locus, Bode plots, and time domain simulations can be integrated to tackle a control problem. Classical control and state space designs are compared. Despite the reliance on MATLAB, theory and analysis of process control are well-presented, creating a well-rounded pedagogical text. Each chapter concludes with problem sets, to which hints or solutions are provided. A web site provides excellent support in the way of MATLAB outputs of text examples and MATLAB sessions, references, and supplementary notes. Students and professionals will find it a useful text and reference.
Multiagent meta-level control for radar coordination

It is crucial for embedded systems to adapt to the dynamics of open environments. This adaptation process becomes especially challenging in the context of multiagent systems. In this paper, we argue that multiagent meta-level control is an effective way to determine when this adaptation process should be done and how much effort should be invested in adaptation as opposed to continuing with the current action plan. We use a reinforcement learning based local optimization algorithm within each agent to learn multiagent meta-level control agent policies in a decentralized fashion. These policies will allow each agent to adapt to changes in environmental conditions while reorganizing the underlying multiagent network when needed. We then augment the agent with a heuristic rule-based algorithm that uses information provided by the reinforcement learning algorithm in order to resolve conflicts among agent policies from a local perspective at both learning and execution stages. We evaluate this mechanism in the context of a multiagent tornado tracking application called NetRads. Empirical results show that adaptive multiagent meta-level control significantly improves the performance of the tornado tracking network for a variety of weather scenarios.
'Right to an Effective Remedy': Judicial Protection and European Citizenship

An individual's right to an effective remedy has long been seen as a fundamental right. Now entrenched in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and incorporated into the draft Constitution, this right is of necessity tied to the ongoing issue of individuals' access to the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance. In recent case law, notwithstanding arguments to the contrary from the CFI and Advocate General Jacobs, the ECJ was reluctant to take the concept of a 'right to an effective remedy' as a legitimation for expanding individual standing before the Court. The Convention addressed the issue, and the changes wrought by the draft Constitution - particularly the inclusion of Article I-28 and the rewording of Article III-270 - should improve the individual's situation in the EU legal system. However, the way in which these rights have been provided in the draft Constitution - by continued preference for the national legal systems - has negated the opportunities that many saw for expanding or redefining European citizenship through the reassessment of individual access and thus raises questions about judicial subsidiarity and the future of the ECJ as an integrationist influence within the EU.
How Statistics Can Save Your Life or End It: A Course Module

Probability and statistics are powerful weapons that can help people make good decisions, but that can also be used to wreak havoc. This paper is the first in a series designed to provide examples to students of how statistics can be used and misused to mislead the public and result in poor decision-making. In this module, we discuss the use of statistics in evaluating healthcare decisions, and how they can mislead patients. This particular module, therefore, is also of use to patients who wish to understand how to use statistics to evaluate treatment options. A patient deciding whether to take a prescription drug or undergo a medical procedure should understand basic evaluation criteria like the number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH), which are described in this paper. We also describe how information presented to consumers regarding the efficacy of drugs often focuses on the wrong statistical measures. Brochures and advertisements for medications often focus on the relative risk reduction (RRR), when NNT is more helpful in evaluating the efficacy of a treatment.
Tuberculous peritonitis in a haemodialysis patient with elevated serum CA 125 and hypercalcaemia.

SUMMARY CA 125, a glycoprotein derived from coelomic epithelium, is used primarily as a marker of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, elevated levels of serum CA 125 have also been detected in other benign and malignant disorders. This study describes a haemodialysis patient who contracted tuberculous peritonitis associated with hypercalcaemia, erythropoietin-resistant anaemia and elevated CA 125, which normalised gradually following antituberculosis treatment. Tuberculous peritonitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ascites with elevated serum CA 125. Additionally, CA 125 is a useful marker for monitoring response to tuberculous peritonitis treatment.
Remembrance of things past.

Lymphocyte memory—is there a requirement for the continual presence of antigen or not? In a recent issue of Nature an elegant series of genetic manipulations from Maruyama et al. makes a strong case for the persistence of B cell memory in the absence of antigen.
Are Scalings of Turbulence Universal

A physical theory of the scalings of turbulence must invoke physical parameters which can either be directly measured, or be estimated by plausible physical argument. Based on the recently proposed Hierarchical Structure model (She & Leveque, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, 211), we argue that the scaling laws in developed turbulent flows are not universal. They depend on the properties of the most intermittent structures which represent a driven mechanism of the energy cascade.
Ensemble solute transport in two‐dimensional operator‐scaling random fields

[1] Motivated by field measurements of aquifer hydraulic conductivity (K), recent techniques were developed to construct anisotropic fractal random fields in which the scaling, or self-similarity parameter, varies with direction and is defined by a matrix. Ensemble numerical results are analyzed for solute transport through these two-dimensional “operator-scaling” fractional Brownian motion ln(K) fields. Both the longitudinal and transverse Hurst coefficients, as well as the “radius of isotropy” are important to both plume growth rates and the timing and duration of breakthrough. It is possible to create operator-scaling fractional Brownian motion fields that have more “continuity” or stratification in the direction of transport. The effects on a conservative solute plume are continually faster-than-Fickian growth rates, highly non-Gaussian shapes, and a heavier tail early in the breakthrough curve. Contrary to some analytic stochastic theories for monofractal K fields, the plume growth rates never exceed A. Mercado's (1967) purely stratified aquifer growth rate of plume apparent dispersivity proportional to mean distance. Apparent superstratified growth must be the result of other demonstrable factors, such as initial plume size.
Cox-Type Regression Analysis for Large Numbers of Small Groups of Correlated Failure Time Observations

The Cox regression model has been used extensively to analyze survival data. For data that consist of large numbers of small groups of correlated failure time observations, we show that the standard maximum partial likelihood estimate of the regression coefficient in the Cox model is still consistent and asymptotically normal. However, the corresponding standard variance-covariance estimate may no longer be valid due to the dependence among members in the groups. In this article, a correct variance-covariance estimate that takes account of the intra-group correlation is proposed. Power comparisons are performed to show the advantage of the new proposal. Examples are provided for illustration.
Observations of Newborn Pacific Gray Whales on Mexican Calving Grounds

Many newborn Pacific gray whales were observed in the Laguna Ojo de Liebre (Scammon Lagoon), Baja California del Sur, Mexico, between 27 January and 4 February 1962. The greater number of these were observed swimming in the company of adults and as carcasses on or near the beach. Six of the carcasses were examined and measured; the smallest (12 ft 10 inches total length) and the largest (17 ft 8 inches) were females, the remainder were males. One live, stranded bull calf was found and examined. Postfetal characteristics, parasitism, predation and some aspects of allometric growth are discussed.
Photoluminescence and electroluminescence in graded cadmium sulfoselenide electrodes: Applications to photoelectrochemical cells

Inhomogeneous samples of n-type CdSxSe1−x (0 ≤ x < 1) were prepared by vapor-phase diffusion of S into a single-crystal CdSe substrate. Characterization of the samples by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)Ar ion sputter etching reveals that S has substituted for Se in the lattice to produce a graded region: The depth profile analysis indicates that from a composition with x nearly unity at the surface, x monotonically declines to zero over a distance of ∼1 μm. Correspondingly, the band gap energy diminishes from ∼2.4 eV for the CdS-like composition to ∼1.7 eV for CdSe. Photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) from the graded material appear to derive from the luminescence of the CdSxSe1−x compositions which make up the graded region: Emission from ∼500–750 nm matches the spectral region spanned by PL and EL from homogeneous, single-crystal CdSxSe1−x samples which emit near their band gap energies. A previously established linear correlation between emission maxima (nm) and composition in homogeneous CdSxSe1−x samples provides a spatial probe of electronhole (e−-h+) pair recombination in the inhomogeneous material: Regions from which PL and EL originate can be inferred from their spectral distribution in combination with the AES/depth profile data. PL spectra are thus shown to be dependent on excitation wavelength in a manner consistent with relative optical penetration depth. EL spectra are potential dependent and provide evidence that increasingly cathodic potentials shift the spatial origin of EL, on average, nearer to the semiconductor surface. The inhomogeneous samples can be used as photoanodes of photoelectrochemical cells employing aqueous (poly)sulfide electrolyte. Photoaction spectra exhibit their principal onset at ∼560 nm, indicating that the S-rich, near-surface region is primarily responsible for photocurrent. This spatial origin of photocurrent is also reflected in the nonuniform quenching of PL accompanying passage of photocurrent from 457.9-nm excitation. With certain assumptions, these quenching properties provide a crude map relating the efficiency of e−-h+ pair separation to distance from the semiconductor-electrolyte interface; the correlation indicates that negligible separation occurs beyond ∼0.2 μm. Comparisons of these PL and EL properties with those of related graded materials and with homogeneous CdSxSe1−x samples are discussed.
A test of US equity market reaction to surprises in an era of high trading volume

This paper examines the reactions of investors to the arrival of unexpected information in five major US equity markets from 1990 to 2001, a period characterized by high daily trading volume and the increasing presence of noise-traders. Market surprises are identified using a strictly quantitative approach, cumulative abnormal returns are calculated and tracked for a period of 30 days after each favourable or unfavourable event. The empirical results provide evidence that investors’ reactions during the sample period are consistent with the prediction of the Uncertain Information Hypothesis in all markets except NASDAQ. One major implication of these results for investors is that implementing a contrarian strategy of buying current losers and selling current winners will not generate superior returns.
Pouchogram: predictor of clinical outcome following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Among 914 patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) between January 1981 and June 1989, 463 (51 percent) had a pouchogram (meglumine diatrizoate [Gastrografin ®;E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc., Princeton, NJ] enema) to assess anastomosis and ileal pouch integrity before closure of the ileostomy. The aim was to determine whether a pouchogram was useful in predicting clinical outcome. Results: Abnormal findings were present in 74 patients (16 percent). These included anastomotic and pouch leaks and anastomotic strictures. Pouchograms were normal in the remaining 389 patients (84 percent). The incidence of significant anastomotic stricturing requiring dilatation under anesthesia was much higher in the abnormal than in the normal pouchogram group (33 percent vs.4 percent, respectively;P <0.001). More significantly, an abnormal pouchogram was associated with an overall long-term failure rate of 23 percent, compared with 6 percent for a normal pouchogram (P <0.001). Conclusion: Abnormal findings in a pouchogram prior to ileostomy closure indicated those patients at high risk of long-term complications following IPAA.
Circumferential waves for a cylindrical shell in smooth contact with a continuum

Abstract Dispersion relations are determined for circumferential waves propagating in a layered, circular cylinder by using shell equations to approximate the behavior of the outer layer. These equations include the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia. The cylinder consists of an elastic core in smooth contact with a hollow, circular cylinder of distinctly different elastic properties. Two distinct modes exist as the shell thickness reduces to zero. One mode is recognized to be surface waves on the convex cylindrical surface of the core; the second mode is associated with long longitudinal waves in the shell. The approximate dispersion curves for these modes are compared with curves obtained by employing elasticity equations for the layer. As the curvature increases, the agreement of the two theories becomes progressively poorer whether or not any disagreement exists for the case of no curvature. The agreement of the two theories is better when the layer is relatively stiff than when the layer is relatively soft. The shell equations simplify the calculations necessary to produce the dispersion curves.
Rapid prototyping of microfluidic modules with a water-developable dry-film photoresist bondable to PDMS

A new, rapid, environmentally friendly prototyping method is presented. This method is based on the use of a negative, water-developable dry-film photoresist as the structural material. In this method, the photomask is prepared by printing microchannel patterns to either a sheet of Vellum paper or a transparency by an office laser printer. It follows by transferring the patterns to the dry-film photoresist by low-dose UV exposure. The patterned photoresist is developed by spraying with pressurized warm water, which makes this method unique and environmentally friendly. The developed SR-3000 with engraved open patterns can be sealed, after plasma-oxidation, to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with a good strength of bonding as high as the 340–410 KPa (50–60 psi) range, strong enough to hold pressure for typical microfluidic applications. The turn-around can be accomplished in 3 h with no cleanroom facility. Microchannel designs were prototyped to demonstrate three typical applications in microfluidics.
Unsettled Business: Acrylic Painting, Tradition, and Indigenous Being

Acrylic painting in Australian Indigenous communities is one of the sites in which the conundrum of “tradition” is faced. While this painting has particularly challenged the conception of cultural traditions as bounded, its status has also been challenged in terms of authenticity; but I argue that a framework emphasizing culture-making is more productive. This article explores the scandals and rumors that have accompanied the movement of acrylic painting into the commercial market, arguing that the circulation of Aboriginal fine art creates a sphere for discussing what Aboriginality and Aboriginal identity might be in relationship to Whites.
Integration of computer security laboratories into computer architecture courses to enhance undergraduate education

Most computer science and engineering programs have two or more required computer architecture courses but lack suitable interfacing laboratory experience for other upper-level classes. Information assurance and network security tracks have been developed over the recent years without providing necessary and sufficient background knowledge in logic, storages and processor architecture. Integration of real-world applications is always a better approach to not only to excite the passive student body but also to explore the computer architecture subject area. At the intermediate level, architecture knowledge can be extended to provide information and network security experiences to students. Such extensions to the course will provide proper interfacing to networking, operating systems, databases and other senior level security related courses. This paper describes possible integration of security and privacy concepts into computer architecture course sequence with hands-on classroom activities, laboratories and web-based assignments.
A prospective evaluation of standard versus battery-powered sequential compression devices in postsurgical patients

Abstract Background Sequential compression devices (SCDs) reduce deep venous thrombosis in postsurgical patients, but the use is hindered by poor compliance. Methods General and orthopedic surgery patients ( n = 67) were randomized to standard- or battery-powered SCDs. Compliance was documented hourly. Nurses and patients were issued a survey to assess barriers to compliance and device satisfaction. Results Compliance with standard SCDs was 47% compared with 85% with battery-powered SCDs ( P P Conclusions The dual venous thromboembolism prevention strategies of early mobilization and SCD utilization can be met with the appropriate equipment.