cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reducing energy and delay using efficient victim caches

In this paper, we investigate methods for improving the hit rates in the first level of memory hierarchy. Particularly, we propose victim cache structures to reduce the number of accesses to more power consuming structures such as level 2 caches. We compare the proposed victim cache techniques to increasing the associativity or the size of the level 1 data cache and show that the enhanced victim cache technique yield better energy-delay and energy-delay-area products. We also propose techniques that predict the hit/miss behavior of the victim cache accesses and bypass the victim cache when a miss can be determined quickly. We report simulation results obtained from SimpleScalar/ARM modeling a representative Network Processor architecture. The simulations show that the victim cache is able to reduce the energy consumption by as much as 17.6% (8.6% on average) while reducing the execution time by as much as 8.4% (3.7% on average) for a set of representative applications.
A new recursive construction for optical orthogonal codes

We present a new recursive construction for (n,/spl omega/,/spl lambda//sub a/,/spl lambda//sub c/) optical orthogonal codes. For the case of /spl lambda//sub a/ = /spl lambda//sub c/ = /spl lambda/, this recursive construction enlarges the original family with /spl lambda/ unchanged, and produces a new family of asymptotically optimal codes, if the original family is asymptotically optimal. We call a code asymptotically optimal, following the definition of O. Moreno et al. (see ibid., vol.41, p.448-55, 1995), if, as n, the length of code, goes to infinity, the ratio of the number of codewords to the corresponding Johnson bound approaches unity.
A new polymerase chain reaction-based method for the detection of T-cell clonality in patients with possible cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Objective: To evaluate a new, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of T-cell clonality in patients with lesions suggestive of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Design: Skin specimens were obtained from 48 patients with possible CTCL. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the T-cell receptor g (TCRG) gene was performed using consensus primers to the V and J regions. Clonal populations having identical N-region sequences are detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis using a semiautomated electrophoresis system with a silver-staining method for gel visualization. The results of clinicopathological assessment were compared with those of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Setting: Cutaneous lymphoma clinic at a university medical center. Patients: Forty-eight patients with skin lesions suggestive of CTCL. Results: Based on the clinicopathological assessment, 26 patients were diagnosed as having CTCL. Of them, clonality was detected in 19 patients (73%) and an abnormal phenotype in 17 (68%) of 25 patients. Combining both tests, abnormal results were noted in 24 (92%) of 26 patients with CTCL. Clonality was also identified in 2 (12%) of 17 patients with presumably benign lesions on clinicopathological assessment. Conclusions: Polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the TCRG gene is a rapid and sensitive method that can contribute to the diagnosis of CTCL. The new method is especially useful when used in conjunction with immunophenotyping. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:158-162
Direct and indirect effects of the temperament and character on alexithymia: a pathway analysis with mood and anxiety.

Abstract Objective We aimed to assess the pathway from personality to alexithymia through mood and anxiety as mediators. Method Three hundred thirty-four subjects (130 male), whose psychiatric health was verified by Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I disorders, completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), the Temperament and Character Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D). The schematic models for the pathway analysis from Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) to TAS-20 scores were made. Results Low reward dependence (RD), low self-directedness (S-D), and high cooperativeness (CO) had paths to TAS-20 total ( P = .000, P = .000, and P = .042, respectively). S-D had also an indirect path via STAI-state to TAS total. On TAS-20 factor 1, low RD, low S-D, and high self-transcendence (ST) had direct effects ( P = .004, P = .000, and P = .000, respectively). S-D had also an indirect path via STAI-state and (CES-D) on TAS-20 factor 1. On TAS factor 2, low novelty seeking (NS), high harm avoidance (HA), low RD, low S-D, and high cooperativeness (CO) had direct effects ( P = .005, P = .011, P = .000, P = .000, and P = .004, respectively). On TAS-20 factor 3, low RD and S-D had direct effects ( P = .002 and P = .000, respectively). Conclusion Current results suggest that although alexithymia is affected by the personality, state-dependent mood and anxiety may mediate the relationship between alexithymia and personality.
Diagnosing acute HIV infection

Individuals with acute HIV infection (AHI) pose a greater transmission risk than most chronically HIV-infected patients and prevention efforts targeting these individuals are important for reducing the spread of HIV infection. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of AHI is crucial. Since symptoms of AHI are nonspecific, its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and appropriate HIV laboratory tests. However, even 30 years after the start of the HIV epidemic, laboratory tools remain imperfect and only a few individuals with AHI are identified. We review the clinical presentation of the acute retroviral syndrome, the laboratory markers and their detection methods, and propose an algorithm for the laboratory diagnosis of AHI.
Energy-Aware Multi-Source Video Streaming

In a multi-source video streaming system, premature draining of low-power nodes can cause sudden failures of peer connections and degrade streaming performance. To solve this problem, we propose an energy-aware scheduling (EAS) scheme to better distribute the streaming load among different peers by jointly considering network conditions and node energy levels. We model the proposed scheme using a rate/energy-distortion optimization framework and heuristically solve it using the concept of asynchronous clocks. Simulation studies show that the proposed EAS scheme can achieve comparable streaming quality while consuming less energy.
Natural drinking strategies

We examine the fluid mechanics of drinking in nature. We classify the drinking strategies of a broad range of creatures according to the principal forces involved, and present physical pictures for each style. Simple scaling arguments are developed and tested against existing data. While suction is the most common drinking strategy, various alternative styles have evolved among creatures whose morphological, physiological and environmental constraints preclude it. Particular attention is given to creatures small relative to the capillary length, whose drinking styles rely on relatively subtle interfacial effects. We also discuss attempts to rationalize various drinking strategies through consideration of constrained optimization problems. Some biomimetic applications are discussed.
Effect of Preoperative Antiplatelet Drugs on Vascular Prostacyclin Synthesis

Abstract Patients undergoing aoitocoronary bypass using autogenous saphenous veins were randomly divided into three comparable groups. Group 1 ( n = 10) acted as a control, Group 2 ( n = 14) received 80 mg of aspirin at midnight before the operation, and Group 3 ( n = 12) received 80 mg of aspirin and 75 mg of dipyridamole at midnight and an additional 75-mg dose of dipyridamole at 6 AM. The purpose was to determine which regimen would maximally inhibit platelet function without depressing vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Serum thromboxane A 2 , saphenous vein wall and aortic wall prostacyclin, platelet aggregation, and bleeding time were measured in all patients. None was restarted on a regimen of aspirin or dipyridamole postoperatively. Aspirin alone and in combination with dipyridamole significantly inhibited thromboxane A 2 and platelet aggregation in all treated patients but spared venous prostacyclin synthesis. Aortic prostacyclin synthesis was partially inhibited in both treated groups. Chest tube drainage was comparable in all three groups. These results indicate that the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole offers no measurable advantage over aspirin alone in the perioperative period.
Back pain among workers in the United States: National estimates and workers at high risk

Back pain accounts for about one fourth of workers' compensation claims in the United States. The Occupational Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey provided an opportunity to assess the scope of this problem. The 30,074 respondents who worked in the 12 months before the interview were defined as "workers", and those with back pain every day for a week or more during that period were defined as "cases." A weighting factor was applied to the answers to derive national estimates. In 1988, about 22.4 million back pain cases (prevalence 17.6%) were responsible for 149.1 million lost workdays; 65% of cases were attributable to occupational activities. For back pain attributed to activities at work, the risk was highest for construction laborers among males (prevalence 22.6%) and nursing aides among females (18.8%). Our analyses show that back pain is a major cause of morbidity and lost production for U.S. workers and identifies previously unrecognized high risk occupations, such as carpenters, automobile mechanics, maids, janitors, and hairdressers, for future research and prevention.
Watchers of the Heavens

When we look with our naked eye at the night sky, what do we see? There were no telescopes until the beginning of the seventeenth century, so we see essentially the same things the ancients saw. We see the stars rise on the eastern horizon, move together across the sky in the course of the night, and set in the west. The so-called “fixed stars” appear to keep the same relative positions during their nightly motion. Ancient starwatchers imagined they could recognize in certain groups of these stars patterns that they could associate with mythological events and characters. These patterns are called “constellations.” The ancient ones still carry their classical names (Orion, Virgo, Pegasus, etc.). They are used by modern astronomers to give approximate locations of celestial objects in the sky. For example, the statement, “The moon is in Virgo” is comparable to saying “Richmond is in Virginia.” In both cases, a large surface (sky, earth) is divided into many small pieces and the rough position of a still smaller object (moon, Richmond) is given by specifying the piece (Virgo, Virginia) in which it is located. The precise position of a point on a spherical surface is given by specifying two coordinate angles. For points on the surface of the earth, these are the latitude and longitude. The analogous angular coordinates on the celestial sphere are called declination and right ascension.
Audit Firm Rotation Concerns And Considerations

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) issued a concept release in 2011 which proposes a mandatory audit firm rotation. However, PCAOB indicates that there is a limited amount of empirical data and research evidence on the potential costs and benefits of such mandatory audit firm rotation. This study provides some empirical evidences related to PCAOBs concerns. Specifically, we find that the largest clients audited by Big 4 accounting firms have few material internal control weaknesses and accounting restatements. In addition, accounting restatements are often reported within four years after the beginning of accounting errors and are reported by the same auditor during the restatement period. These findings cast doubt on the benefit of mandatory audit firm rotation. We also find that the largest audit clients on average represent over 20% of the audit revenues of local offices of Big 4 accounting firms. Thus, mandatory audit firm rotations could significantly disrupt the normal operations of public accounting firms if audit clients are required to change auditors periodically.
Impact mechanical properties of slag-and fly ash-based geopolymer concrete

The slag-and fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (GC) specimens were prepared by sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide alkali-activated slag and fly ash,the ordinary Portland cement concrete (PC) specimens were prepared by Portland cement,the 28-day-static compressive strengths of the GC and PC were 56.4 and 61.6 MPa,respectively.Impact compressive experiments were carried out on the GC and PC specimens,respectively,by using a 100-mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device.The dynamic stress-strain curves in the average strain rate range of 0 to 100 s-1 for these two materials were obtained experimentally.These stress-strain curves were compared to explore the dynamic mechanics properties of the GC.The GC takes on favorable impact compressive strength,deformation performance and toughness under impact load.The GC exhibits rate sensitivity,its dynamic compressive strength,deformation performance and toughness increases with the increase of strain rate under impact load.The impact compressive strength and toughness of the GC are less than those of the PC,the deformation of the GC before the specimens start breaking is approximate to that of the PC,while the deformation of the GC after the specimens break completely is less than that of the PC.
Abstract 4434: CTCF acts as a master regulator to direct epigenetic events important for tumor development and progression

Intro Epigenetic changes, including altered DNA methylation, underlie the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). DNA methylation events are frequently seen in PCa, however, how these methylation changes are directed locally and regionally remain an important question. CTCF is a widely expressed chromatin insulator protein which plays important roles in transcriptional regulation, chromatin architecture, and the conservation of epigenetic marks. Previous work has shown that CTCF expression declines in the aging mouse prostate and in human metastatic prostate samples. It is our hypothesis that CTCF loss directs DNA methylation increases at specific loci resulting in gene expression and phenotypic advantages in cancer cells. Methods Cell lines with inducible shRNA expression targeting CTCF were created using 9E6/E7 human prostate epithelial cells and PPC1 and LNCaP cancer lines. Knockdowns were confirmed by qPCR and western blotting. DNA methylation was analyzed using MeDIP-chip, utilizing the Affymetrix Cytoscan HD Array and RNA expression analyzed using Affymetrix Human Transcriptome 2.0 Array. Bioinformatic analysis was performed in R 3.2.1 and Bioconductor 3.0. Motif analysis was performed using HOMER. Cell stress included exposure to H2O2 and CoCl2. Results We detected 9811 probes with differential methylation after CTCF knockdown (with P Conclusion Reduction of CTCF, an alteration that occurs in the development of advanced PCa, directs the hypermethylation of loci containing CTCF binding sites. These hypermethylated regions correspond to the transcriptional downregulation of genes involved in metabolism, ER stress, and apoptosis. CTCF knockdown results in resistance to hypoxia or oxidative stress. This study demonstrates, for the first time that CTCF acts as a master regulator to direct epigenetic events important for tumor development and progression and is a target for therapy. Citation Format: Nathan A. Damaschke, Bing Yang, Anastasia Montgomery, John Svaren, Avtar Roopra, Jianhua Luo, Sunduz Keles, David Jarrard. CTCF acts as a master regulator to direct epigenetic events important for tumor development and progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4434.
Cachexia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Malnutrition-Inflammation Complex and Reverse Epidemiology

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible and progressive disease state leading to renal dysfunction and related morbidity [1]. According to the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines, CKD is defined as a chronic disease state in that irreversible, structural, or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), are present for at least three consecutive months [1]. The degree of renal insufficiency, based on the magnitude of the estimated GFR for 1.73 m2 body surface, is used to classify the CKD into five stages: (1) GFR > 90 ml/min, (2) GFR 60-89 ml/min, (3) GFR 30-59 ml/min, (4) GFR 15-29 ml/min, and (5) GFR < 15 ml/min [1]. If they survive long enough, CKD patients eventually reach stage 5 CKD, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), in which life prolongation is exclusively dependent upon renal replacement therapy, i.e. maintenance haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis treatment and/or kidney transplantation.
Climate masks decomposer influence in a cross-site litter decomposition study

Leaf litter is a significant input of carbon and nutrients to forested systems. Rates of foliar decomposition, and cycling of carbon and nutrients, appear consistently explained by climate and litter quality. Although the soil decomposer community actually mineralizes litter, its independent role is often undetected in cross-site studies. At three sites along an elevational gradient in eastern U.S. temperate forest, we used a reciprocal litter transplant design to explore whether climate masks the functional influence of the decomposer community on litter decomposition dynamics in the short- and longer-term. Climate, measured as the climate decomposition index, best predicted mass loss in the longer term, over 23 and 31 months (the maximum incubation period). However, decomposer community function also predicted mass loss dynamics across the same time period. Therefore, climate effects on mass loss correlated positively with differences in the functional ability of the three soil decomposer communities. Our findings suggest that climate ‘masks’ the independent influence of the soil decomposer community over litter mass loss dynamics, because direct positive effects of more favorable climate on decomposition rates appear correlated with greater functional potential of the decomposer communities. These results fit within existing theory and experimental evidence that soil microorganisms both adapt to their climate regime, and are directly, through biotic activity, and indirectly, via community structure or function, affected by climate. These non-linear effects of climate may then amplify decomposer function in warm environments and suppress function in cool environments. Hence, our results suggest that decomposition relationships observed across spatial gradients may fail to adequately represent how decomposition will respond to changing climate across time.
Fourteenth Colorado Mathematical Olympiad: April 25, 1997

The Olympiad season commenced with the April 17, 1998, Gazette article “Calling all creative types to state Math Olympiad” by Wendy Y. Lawton: Number geeks need to apply. Calculus fiends, geometry nerds, algebra wonks – forget it.
The Assassination and Apotheosis of the Earl of Mayo

On the evening of 8 February 1872, as the sun set over the Bay of Bengal, a party that included Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo and Viceroy and Governor General of India, was finishing a tour of the prison camp at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands. Having seen the main part of the camp, which spread over several sites along the central bays of South Andaman Island, Mayo insisted unexpectedly on climbing Mount Harriet above the village of Hope Town, on an island set aside for prisoners with records of good behavior. While most of the party remained aboard his flagship, the H.M.S. Glasgow, he and a smaller group headed to Hope Town for this closing excursion. Taking a good stretch of the legs was entirely characteristic of Bourke. Physical labors had endeared him to Anglo-Indians and native peoples alike: a keen sportsman, he became an avid pig hunter after arriving in India in 1869.1 But in this instance, the exertion also enabled the viceroy to gain a more complete appreciation of the facility that served as the primary site for transportation of South Asians convicted within the Raj for committing heinous crimes.
The transient topside layer and associated current sheet in the ionosphere of Mars

Radar soundings from the MARSIS instrument on board the Mars Express spacecraft have shown that transient layers exist in the dayside upper ionosphere of Mars. The most prominent of these features is a second layer at an altitude near 200 km, well above that of the main photo-ionization layer. While the general properties of this layer have been studied previously, the inner workings of this layer, and the mechanisms that drive it, are only now becoming clear. With the addition of solar wind, particle, and magnetic field instruments carried by the MAVEN spacecraft, a more detailed analysis has now been completed. Results show the existence of local current sheets in the upper Martian ionosphere in conjunction with the appearance of the second layer. These currents reveal an important magnetic aspect to the transient layer, and point to a variety of possible explanations for its formation, including the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, magnetic flux ropes, x-type magnetic reconnection, and solar wind magnetic field rotations.
Multiscale Determinants of Delayed Afterdepolarization Amplitude in Cardiac Tissue.

Spontaneous calcium (Ca) waves in cardiac myocytes underlie delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) that trigger cardiac arrhythmias. How these subcellular/cellular events overcome source-sink factors in cardiac tissue to generate DADs of sufficient amplitude to trigger action potentials is not fully understood. Here, we evaluate quantitatively how factors at the subcellular scale (number of Ca wave initiation sites), cellular scale (sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca load), and tissue scale (synchrony of Ca release in populations of myocytes) determine DAD features in cardiac tissue using a combined experimental and computational modeling approach. Isolated patch-clamped rabbit ventricular myocytes loaded with Fluo-4 to image intracellular Ca were rapidly paced during exposure to elevated extracellular Ca (2.7 mmol/L) and isoproterenol (0.25 μmol/L) to induce diastolic Ca waves and subthreshold DADs. As the number of paced beats increased from 1 to 5, SR Ca content (assessed with caffeine pulses) increased, the number of Ca wave initiation sites increased, integrated Ca transients and DADs became larger and shorter in duration, and the latency period to the onset of Ca waves shortened with reduced variance. In silico analysis using a computer model of ventricular tissue incorporating these experimental measurements revealed that whereas all of these factors promoted larger DADs with higher probability of generating triggered activity, the latency period variance and SR Ca load had the greatest influences. Therefore, incorporating quantitative experimental data into tissue level simulations reveals that increased intracellular Ca promotes DAD-mediated triggered activity in tissue predominantly by increasing both the synchrony (decreasing latency variance) of Ca waves in nearby myocytes and SR Ca load, whereas the number of Ca wave initiation sites per myocyte is less important.
Comparative membrane proteomics analyses of breast cancer cell lines to understand the molecular mechanism of breast cancer brain metastasis

Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women. Breast cancer brain metastasis is currently considered an issue of concern among breast cancer patients. Membrane proteins play important roles in breast cancer brain metastasis, involving cell adhesion and penetration of blood-brain barrier. To understand the mechanism of breast cancer brain metastasis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed in conjunction with enrichment of membrane proteins to analyze the proteomes from five different breast cancer and a brain cancer cell lines. Quantitative proteomic data of all cell lines were compared with MDA-MB-231BR which is a brain seeking breast cancer cell line, thus representing brain metastasis characteristics. Label-free proteomics of the six cell lines facilitates the identification of 1238 proteins and the quantification of 899 proteins of which more than 70% were membrane proteins. Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) of the label-free proteomics data resulted in a distinct clustering of cell lines, suggesting quantitative differences in the expression of several proteins among the different cell lines. Unique protein expressions in 231BR were observed for 28 proteins. The up-regulation of STAU1, AT1B3, NPM1, hnRNP Q, and hnRNP K and the down-regulation of TUBB4B and TUBB5 were noted in 231BR relative to 231 (precursor cell lines from which 231BR is derived). These proteins might contribute to the breast cancer brain metastasis. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) supported the great brain metastatic propensity of 231BR and suggested the importance of the up-regulation of integrin proteins and down-regulation of EPHA2 in brain metastasis.
Abstract 2191: Multiple imaging reporter labeled acid-degradable dextran nanopolymer as a COX-2 siRNA carrier for COX-2 specific downregulation

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as a target has attracted interest for multiple degenerative diseases and cancers. COX-2 siRNA provides specific and effective down-regulation of COX-2. However, because artificial cationic polymers can induce proinflammatory signals that increase COX-2 expression, there are few if any reports about the use of artificial cationic polymers as siRNA carrier to downregulate COX-2 in cancer cells. Here we developed a method to efficiently synthesize a multiple imaging reporter labeled biodegradable dextran to use as an efficient cationic polymer carrier for COX-2 siRNA delivery. Amine function groups were conjugated to the dextran platform through acetal bonds. Acetal bonds were broken at acidic conditions that occur in cancer and endocytosis compartments. Rhodamine was labeled to the amine groups to detect degradation and removal of these groups from the cell, while the dextran scaffold was labeled with Cy5.5. The rapid cleavage and release of amine groups minimized the proinflammatory side effects of the positively charged amine groups.Colorimetric assay of Cy5.5 and rhodamine in different pH buffer indicated that the amine group was cleaved at pH 5.5 buffer but was stable in pH 7.4 buffer. Fluorescence imaging showed that the dextran siRNA nanoplex entered the cells through endocytosis that provided acidic conditions for the breaking of the amine group. For the first time, the intracellular breaking of acetal bonds was clearly visualized by multiple imaging reporters. Because the rapid cleavage and release of amine groups minimized the proinflammatory side-effects, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay indicated that this dextran COX-2 siRNA nanoplex could downregulate COX-2 expression efficiently. Prostaglandin E2 level decreased significantly with COX-2 siRNA/dextran treatment. In vivo imaging demonstrated that the COX-2 siRNA/dextran nanoplex accumulated in MDA-MB-231 tumors. QRT-PCR and western blot assays of COX-2 levels in tumor tissue demonstrated that this nanoplex significantly downregulated COX-2 expression in vivo efficiently and within 24h. This dextran nanopolymer can be used as a safe, reproducible, and biocompatible siRNA carrier to effectively reduce COX-2 expression in cancer cells and tumors. Citation Format: Zhihang Chen, Balaji Krishnamachary, Marie-France Penet, Zaver M. Bhujwalla. Multiple imaging reporter labeled acid-degradable dextran nanopolymer as a COX-2 siRNA carrier for COX-2 specific downregulation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2191. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2191
Compressed air injection technique for Shamrock lumbar plexus block.

Editor,I read with great interest the correspondence between Lin1 and Maenchen et al.2 discussing the need for controlling injection pressure to reduce the risk of ‘epidural spread, (and) potentially nerve damaging intraneural injections’ when performing lumbar plexus blocks. Although I totally agre
Electronic implementation of a practical matched filter for a chaos-based communication system

Abstract Presented is an electronic implementation of a matched filter intended for chaos-based communication systems. While implementing the transmitter side of such systems is relatively trivial, the receiver has proven challenging to develop. Most chaotic systems lack a known fixed basis function, making it difficult to develop a matched filter for them. Instead, their receivers rely on more complicated or less effective techniques to compensate for the presence of noise. However, a previously developed manifold piecewise linear chaotic system has been shown to have an exact analytic solution. This solution has enabled the development of a matched filter for use in any communication system based on this chaotic system. The original communication system operated at a fundamental frequency of 84 Hz, much too low for any practical applications. Therefore, newer communication systems have been designed to operate at higher frequencies. In this work, the performance of this matched filter has been evaluated with a 18.4 kHz chaotic oscillator.
Oscars So White: Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Diversity and Social Issues in U.S. Documentary Films (2008–2017)

Recent public backlash about diversity in the scripted U.S. entertainment industry has been reflected under the viral #OscarsSoWhite hashtag. Despite the heightened importance of contemporary indep...
STIFF LEFT ATRIAL SYNDROME: AN UNDER-RECOGNIZED HFPEF MASQUARADER

The stiff left atrial syndrome (SLAS), a possible complication of catheter ablations or MAZE procedures for atrial fibrillation, results in increased left atrial scar formation resulting in left atrial hypertension. The syndrome can easily present as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (
Temporomandibular Joint Pain Presentation of Myocardial Ischemia.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. We report a case of myocardial infarction for which temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain was the sole presenting initial symptom. A 28-year-old man presented to a dental clinic reporting TMJ pain. He was an active duty infantry solider in the US Army who was otherwise healthy and in excellent physical condition. He reported a 3-week history of intense throbbing to his left TMJ, specifically during physical activities and weight lifting. On examination by his general dentist, his blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature were unremarkable. His maximal incisal opening was more than 45 mm without pain and demonstrated deviation, crepitus, and a full range of excursive movements without restrictions or provocation of pain. A hard night guard appliance was fabricated, and muscular physical therapy instructions were given, because his symptoms were thought to be related to muscle-related pain, possibly related to bruxism. He was referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) department for further evaluation and a second opinion. Before his appointment, he collapsed during physical training in cardiac arrest. He was brought to the emergency department and successfully resuscitated. He was found to have an 80% occlusion of his left anterior descending artery that was treated with a 1-vessel coronary artery bypass graft. After his cardiac surgery, he was seen and evaluated by OMS, and his TMJ symptoms had completely resolved. During the differential diagnosis of orofacial pain, clinicians should consider nonfacial sources of pain, especially referred cardiac pain that can mimic TMJ, odontogenic, and myofascial pain.
ConText: An Algorithm for Identifying Contextual Features from Clinical Text

Applications using automatically indexed clinical conditions must account for contextual features such as whether a condition is negated, historical or hypothetical, or experienced by someone other than the patient. We developed and evaluated an algorithm called ConText, an extension of the NegEx negation algorithm, which relies on trigger terms, pseudo-trigger terms, and termination terms for identifying the values of three contextual features. In spite of its simplicity, ConText performed well at identifying negation and hypothetical status. ConText performed moderately at identifying whether a condition was experienced by someone other than the patient and whether the condition occurred historically.
Empirical Bayes Estimation of Probability Density Function with Dirichlet Process Prior

Two sequences of empirical Bayes (e.B.) estimators for the density function are proposed. It is shown that these e.B. estimators are asymptotically optimal (a.o.). The rate of a.o. for one of the sequences has been derived in a special case. The other estimator is a.o. with a rate n-γ/3 for some γ, 0 < γ < 1. Finally the results of a small simulation study are presented.
Show Me Your Objectives: Nutrition Education in a US Medical School Curriculum

Health authorities around the globe have called for improvement in nutrition education in medical schools. It was deemed necessary to study our current curriculum to document what exists and identify gaps. This project surveyed nutrition education objectives within a US medical school during 1 year followed by informal interviews of faculty aimed toward improvement in the curriculum. A survey tool was created using the list of competencies in Table 1 of “Nutrition Competencies for Graduating Medical Students” from the Nutrition in Medicine (NIM) project. Educational objectives for all 26 courses encompassing the first-, second-, and third-year curriculum at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine (UNM SOM) were surveyed in order to identify the current nutrition curriculum content. Faculty course directors were contacted after data collection to verify accuracy and fill in any missing information. Out of 61 competencies, at least one was covered in 16 of 26 courses (62%) by survey of objectives. Additional content in nutrition education was identified for 4/16 (25%) of these courses through follow-up faculty interviews. Findings were discussed with three key curricular groups. The study results highlighted the importance of accurately publishing objectives to fully reflect course content. This project demonstrates an approach that may be utilized at other medical schools to assess nutrition education curricula and create a structure for dialog within their own institutions.
Line Coding Techniques for Channel Equalization: Integrated Pulse-Width Modulation and Consecutive Digit Chopping

This paper presents two new line-coding schemes, integrated pulse width modulation (iPWM) and consecutive digit chopping (CDC) for equalizing lossy wireline channels with the aim of achieving energy efficient wireline communication. The proposed technology friendly encoding schemes are able to overcome the fundamental limitations imposed by Manchester or pulse-width modulation encoding on high-speed wireline transceivers. A highly digital encoder architecture is leveraged to implement the proposed iPWM and CDC encoding. Energy-efficient operation of the proposed encoding is demonstrated on a high-speed wireline transceiver that can operate from 10 to 18 Gb/s. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the transceiver operates with supply voltages of 0.9 V, 1 V, and 1.1 V. With the help of the proposed iPWM encoding, the transceiver can equalize over 27-dB of channel loss while operating at 16 Gb/s with an efficiency of 4.37 pJ/bit. The design occupies an active die area of 0.21 mm2.
Interventions for increasing colorectal cancer screening uptake among African-American men: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background African-American men have the lowest 5-year survival rate in the U.S. for colorectal cancer (CRC) of any racial group, which may partly stem from low screening adherence. It is imperative to synthesize the literature evaluating the effectiveness of interventions on CRC screening uptake in this population. Materials and methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for U.S.-based interventions that: were published after 1998-January 2020; included African-American men; and evaluated CRC screening uptake explicitly. Checklist by Cochrane Collaboration and Joanna Brigg were utilized to assess risk of bias, and meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were employed to identify the most effective interventions. Results Our final sample comprised 41 studies with 2 focused exclusively on African-American men. The most frequently adopted interventions were educational materials (39%), stool-based screening kits (14%), and patient navigation (11%). Most randomized controlled trials failed to provide details about the blinding of the participant recruitment method, allocation concealment method, and/or the outcome assessment. Due to high heterogeneity, meta-analysis was conducted among 17 eligible studies. Interventions utilizing stool-based kits or patient navigation were most effective at increasing CRC screening completion, with odds ratios of 9.60 (95% CI 2.89-31.82, p = 0.0002) and 2.84 (95% CI 1.23-6.49, p = 0.01). No evidence of publication bias was present for this study registered with the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019119510). Conclusions Additional research is warranted to uncover effective, affordable interventions focused on increasing CRC screening completion among African-American men. When designing and implementing future multicomponent interventions, employing 4 or fewer interventions types may reduce bias risk. Since only 5% of the interventions solely focused on African-American men, future theory-driven interventions should consider recruiting samples comprised solely of this population.
Biodistribution and toxicological evaluation of micron- and nano-sized erythrocyte-derived optical particles in healthy Swiss Webster mice

Particle-based systems provide a capability for the delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic payloads. We have engineered constructs derived from erythrocytes, and doped with the FDA-approved near infrared dye, indocyanine green (ICG). We refer to these optical particles as NIR erythrocyte-mimicking transducers (NETs). A particular feature of NETs is that their diameters can be tuned from micron- to nano-scale. Herein, we investigated the effects of micron- (≈2.6 μm diameter), and nano- (≈145 nm diameter) sized NETs on their biodistribution, and evaluated their acute toxicity in healthy Swiss Webster mice. Following tail vein injection of free ICG and NETs, animals were euthanized at various time points up to 48 hours. Fluorescence analysis of blood showed that nearly 11% of the injected amount of nano-sized NETs (nNETs) remained in blood at 48 hours post-injection as compared to ≈5% for micron-sized NETs (μNETs). Similarly, at this time point, higher levels of nNETs were present in various organs including the lungs, liver, and spleen. Histological analyses of various organs, extracted at 24 hours post-injection of NETs, did not show pathological alterations. Serum biochemistry profiles, in general, did not show elevated levels of the various analyzed biomarkers associated with liver and kidney functions. Values of various hematological profiles remained within the normal ranges following the administration of μNETs and nNETs. Results of this study suggest that erythrocyte-derived particles can potentially provide a non-toxic platform for delivery of ICG.
Trust and firm performance: A bi-directional study

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between firm performance and trust in the firm. We use a trust measure based on the count of trust words in the Management Discussion and Analysis section of 10-K filings. Our regression results indicate that the current level of trust is associated with improved future performance, while current level of performance is positively related to future improvement in trust. We discuss these results and their managerial, investment and research implications.
Legal and Ethical Considerations for Radiology Procedural Consent

This chapter will introduce readers to the legal and ethical principles of patient autonomy as well as the consenting process in the context of scenarios such as types of consents, capacity determination, communication, and liability risks.
The GIRL Curriculum: Co-Constructing Learning About Body Image Through Empowering After-School Programming

From a young age, girls experience many influences that may negatively impact how they view their bodies. Many girls are subject to teasing by peers and feel pressure to conform to gender norms. Moreover, the media perpetuates an unattainable and unrealistic image of women, referred to as the ideal female body. Since peers and the media are prominent influences, researchers have implemented curricula as interventions to help girls navigate perceptions of their bodies in a healthy way. Building on prior research, the GIRL curriculum was developed as a semi-structured, co-created curriculum that aimed at engaging girls in critical analysis of media’s representation of female bodies in society. Furthermore, the GIRL curriculum aimed to help girls identify and navigate their possible perceived barriers to physical activity. This curriculum was developed as a response to a lack of resources available for teachers, after-school personnel, and others who work with young girls to engage with the girls about issues of the body in a physically active setting. This program article focuses on the development and implementation of the GIRL curriculum and provides insight, through qualitative analyses, into how a curriculum could help young girls improve their understanding and perception of their bodies and feel empowered. A copy of the co-created curriculum is presented. The researchers urge future practitioners to co-create the curriculum with their participants in order to create opportunities that would allow young girls to view their bodies in a more positive light and feel empowered through a variety of activities.
Timing of oviposition influences the effects of a non-native grass on amphibian development

Land-use change can alter the energy dynamics in aquatic systems by changing the subsidies that form the nutrient base within them. However, experimental evaluations of subsidy change often fail to consider how effects, such as differences in individual growth and survival, may differ under varying ecological contexts experienced in the field. We used a mesocosm approach to investigate how litter (Native Prairie or Non-Native Tall-Fescue Grass) surrounding wetlands and timing of oviposition affected larval amphibian development. We found that survival differed between litter types in the Early-Oviposition treatment, with nearly 100% mortality in Fescue treatments. Conversely, survival was similar across litter types in the Late Oviposition treatment (~ 43%), and larvae in Late-Fescue treatments metamorphosed more quickly and were larger post-metamorphosis than larvae in Prairie treatments. Follow-up experiments confirmed that low dissolved oxygen (DO) was responsible for high mortality in Early-Fescue treatments; high quantities of Fescue resulted in a microbial bloom that reduced DO to < 2 mg/L for several days, resulting in low hatching success. This effect was eliminated in treatments with supplemental aeration. Finally, we confirmed that experimentally observed DO patterns also occurred in the field. Context (i.e., timing of inundation relative to amphibian breeding) is critical to understanding the effects of subsidies on amphibian populations; early and explosively breeding species may experience catastrophic mortality due to DO depletion; whereas, species that breed later may experience enhanced fitness of recruits. Considering the effects of non-native species across different ecological contexts is necessary for elucidating the extent of their impacts.
Community Detection using Semi-supervised Learning with Graph Convolutional Network on GPUs

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) has drawn considerable research attention in recent times. Many different problems from diverse domains can be solved efficiently using GCN. Community detection in graphs is a computationally challenging graph analytic problem. The presence of only a limited amount of labelled data (known communities) motivates us for using a learning approach to community discovery. However, detecting communities in large graphs using semi-supervised learning with GCN is still an open problem due to the scalability and accuracy issues. In this paper, we present a scalable method for detecting communities based on GCN via semi-supervised node classification. We optimize the hyper-parameters for our semi-supervised model for detecting communities using PyTorch with CUDA on GPU environment. We apply Mini-batch Gradient Descent for larger datasets to resolve the memory issue. We demonstrate an experimental evaluation on different real-world networks from diverse domains. Our model achieves up to 86.9% accuracy and 0.85 F1 Score on these practical datasets. We also show that using identity matrix as features, based on the graph connectivity, performs better with higher accuracy than that of vertex-based graph features. We accelerate the model performance 4 times with the use of GPUs over CPUs.
Double-Gate W-Doped Amorphous Indium Oxide Transistors for Monolithic 3D Capacitorless Gain Cell eDRAM

We experimentally demonstrate W-doped amorphous In 2 O 3 double-gate field-effect transistors (DG IWO FET) with 5nm channel thickness and 50nm channel length exhibiting (a) excellent subthreshold slope (SS) of 73mV/dec, (b) record ID,SAT of 550µA/µm at V GS -V TH =2V, V DS =1V, and (c) high on-off ratio> 1x1012. 20nm gate length IWO DG FET was also fabricated to demonstrate scaling potential. We experimentally demonstrate IWO FET based capacitorless 2T gain cell embedded DRAM (eDRAM) ideal for monolithic 3D (M3D) integration exhibiting (a) cell level leakage current of ~1x10-15A/μm and ~1x10-14 A/μm at 25C and 85C, (b) retention time 1s and 300ms at 25C and 85C respectively with effective storage node capacitance of 1 fF. Array level analysis of IWO capacitorless 2T eDRAM shows that access time < 2ns is achievable with further scaling and moderate outside-the-rail voltages. M3D 2T eDRAM based on IWO FETs offers lower write time than embedded non-volatile random access memory (eNVRAM) and consumes 100x lower stand-by power and 1000x lower refresh power than conventional SRAM and eDRAM, respectively, making it an excellent candidate for fast and embedded memory with unlimited endurance.