cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Provision of grain crop production services by farm operators: A study of Ohio farmers†

Ohio farm operators were surveyed about the proportion of selected agricultural services provided by them for their operations and the income earned from providing these services for others. The survey respondents provided more than half their tillage, crop harvesting, crop and livestock hauling, crop storage, and fertilizer and pesticide application. Excluding the latter, which stayed constant, proportion provided increased as farm size increased. Also, proportion of farm operators who provided these services for others increased as farm size increased. These findings suggest that elevators and other nonfarm operator service suppliers may face increasing competition from farm operators.
The impact of parental divorce on the attainment of the developmental tasks of young adulthood

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of parental divorce on young adult development. One hundred twenty-five participants provided demographic information and completed the PAFS-Q (college version) and the conflict subscale of the Family Environment Scale. Results indicate that parental divorce and family conflict significantly affect developmental task attainment. The interactions between sex and age and family structure (i.e., single-parent or stepfamily) were also significant predictors of post-divorce task attainment. Implications of these results for therapists as well as recommendations for future research are provided.
THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO COLD UPON EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

1. Respiratory infection of rabbits with Bacillus bovisepticus (snuffles) is favored by chilling the animals after they have been accustomed to heat. 2. The character of this disease, which occurs frequently in rabbits under natural conditions, makes the application of the experimental results to similar respiratory conditions in man less open to objection than in similar experiments with other infections. 3. The weight of experimental evidence, including our own, does not justify the elimination of exposure to cold as a possible though secondary factor in the incidence of acute respiratory disease. 4. From the limited data of our last two experiments it is suggested that any marked change of temperature predisposes rabbits to this infection, the severity of which varies with the amount of change, and that a change from low to high temperature has an even more marked effect than that from high to low.
Indocyanine Green Anglography and Choroidal Neovascularization Obscured by Hemorrhage

Abstract Background and Objective: To determine the use of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in detecting choroidal neovascularization obscured by hemorrhage. Study/Design: Indocyanine green angiography was performed on 20 consecutive patients who were suspected to have choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVs) that were obscured by subretinal or intraretinal hemorrhage on fluorescein angiography. The etiology of choroidal neovascularization was age-related macular degeneration. Results: In all patients, ICG angiography was able to detect some choroidal neo-vascularization. The entire extent of the CNV was identified in 12 (60%) of these patients after ICG angiography was performed. In the remaining eight eyes (40%), the CNV still was obscured partially by a thick layer of hemorrhage. Difficulty in detection was due to thick subretinal hemorrhage, lipid exudate, and pigment. Conclusion: The authors conclude that ICG angiography is superior to fluorescein angiography in showing the presence and extent of CNVs associated with age-related macular degeneration that are almost entirely obscured by hemorrhage.
Controlled release of DNA from carbon-paste microelectrodes

Abstract Potential control has been used to release DNA from the surface of carbon electrodes under physiological pH. The protocol relies on the electrostatic adsorption of dsDNA onto a pretreated carbon-paste microelectrode, followed by an on-demand electrostatic desorption at −1.20 V (versus Ag|AgCl). The procedure represents a potentially attractive route for delivering the genetic material to specific locations. Various parameters influencing the release of the surface-confined DNA into the solution are explored and optimized in connection with square-wave voltammetric `blocking' experiments, adsorptive-transfer stripping potentiometry, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Prospects and challenges of using DNA-modified microelectrodes for carrying therapeutic genes are discussed.
Pregnancy blocking capacity and inbreeding in laboratory mice.

Des experiences sur l'inhibition de l'implantation normale de l'oeuf fertilise dans la paroi uterine (l'effetBruce), faites avec plusieurs generations de souris consanguines ainsi qu'avec un groupe heterosanguin, indiquent que la disparition de cette inhibition est due a la selection plutot qu'a l'homozygosite. L'odeur provoquant cette inhibition et celle qui favorise la synchronisation estrogenique (l'effetWhitten), semblent etre des emanations urinaires differentes.
Models of Eukaryotic Gradient Sensing: Application to Chemotaxis of Amoebae and Neutrophils

Eukaryotic cells can detect shallow gradients of chemoattractants with exquisite precision and respond quickly to changes in the gradient steepness and direction. Here, we describe a set of models explaining both adaptation to uniform increases in chemoattractant and persistent signaling in response to gradients. We demonstrate that one of these models can be mapped directly onto the biochemical signal-transduction pathways underlying gradient sensing in amoebae and neutrophils. According to this scheme, a locally acting activator (PI3-kinase) and a globally acting inactivator (PTEN or a similar phosphatase) are coordinately controlled by the G-protein activation. This signaling system adapts perfectly to spatially homogeneous changes in the chemoattractant. In chemoattractant gradients, an imbalance between the action of the activator and the inactivator results in a spatially oriented persistent signaling, amplified by a substrate supply-based positive feedback acting through small G-proteins. The amplification is activated only in a continuous presence of the external signal gradient, thus providing the mechanism for sensitivity to gradient alterations. Finally, based on this mapping, we make predictions concerning the dynamics of signaling. We propose that the underlying principles of perfect adaptation and substrate supply-based positive feedback will be found in the sensory systems of other chemotactic cell types.
The fracture behavior of thin 6061 T-6 aluminum at rapid heating rates

Abstract The fracture of 6061 T-6 aluminum plates, at high temperatures and at rapid heating rates, was investigated. Three heating rates were employed—low (15°C/s), medium (150°C/s), and high (1500°C/s). Single edge notched specimens were tested. The effective fracture toughness, K ∗ c based on LEFM was used to quantify the relationship between fracture toughness and temperature. The K ∗ c was found to decrease as temperature increased in the same manner as the strength. Heating rate, at least in the range tested, had little effect on either the strength or the fracture toughness. Further, it was found that the fracture behavior of 6061 T-6 aluminum under the tested conditions can be related to net-section yielding.
Simultaneous multiple-point adsorption of aluminum ions and charged molecules by a polyampholyte thermosensitive gel: Controlling frustrations in a heteropolymer gel

We report the data on concurrent multiple point adsorption of two oppositely charged species of “target molecules” (aluminum ions and 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic sodium salt (Py-4)) by a polyampholyte gel of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA, 6 M) with methacrylic acid (MAA, 80 mM) and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC, 80 mM). The goal of this study is to test the mutual frustrations created by adsorption of one species on the adsorption of the other. Understanding these frustrations is an important step toward elucidating the memory of conformations in heteropolymer systems. We found that in the absence of aluminum, the adsorption of Py-4 was suppressed by gel collapse, presumably because of an increase in MAA/MAPTAC ionic pairs that prevents the formation of potential adsorbing centers. Adding a moderate amount of aluminum significantly enhances adsorption of Py-4 by the collapsed gel, indicating that aluminum ions compete for bonds with MAA and help release vacant MAPTAC centers. Final...
Two-sample tests of the equality of two cumulative incidence functions

Typically, differences in the effect of treatment on competing risks are compared by a weighted log-rank test. This test compares the cause-specific hazard rates between the groups. Often the test does not agree with impressions gained from plots of the cumulative incidence functions. Here, we discuss two-sample tests of the equality of two cumulative incidence functions. The first test, based on a suggestion of Lin [1997. Non-parametric inference for cumulative incidence functions in competing risks studies. Statist. Med. 16, 901-910], compares the maximum difference between the two cumulative incidence functions. A Monte Carlo method is used to find p-values for the test. The second test, based on a suggestion of Pepe [1991. Inference for events with dependent risks in multiple endpoint studies. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 86, 770-778], compares the integrated difference between the functions. A new variance estimator is proposed for this statistic. A small simulation study is used to compare the various tests. The methods are illustrated on a bone marrow transplant study.
Performance validation of refrigeration recovery for experimental hall high target loads

The Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab (JLab) is a 3000 W hydrogen target scheduled to run until the planned shutdown in the spring of 2012 for the 12 GeV installation. As detailed in previous proceedings [1], support of this target's cryogenic load was made possible by incorporating modifications to the End Station Refrigerator (ESR) to recover the refrigeration supplied by the Central Helium Liquefier (CHL). Testing and commissioning for these modifications was performed in January and February 2010 demonstrating that the performance met or exceeded projected expectations. In this paper, we present the analysis of the test results in regards to the actual loads capable of being supported and the process boundaries encountered, as well as a discussion of the commissioning results for the cryogenic support of the Qweak target.
Role of endogenous interleukin-18 in resolving wild-type and attenuated Salmonella typhimurium infections.

The stimulation of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) has been shown to be essential in resolving infections by intracellular pathogens. As such, several different cytokines including, interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18, can induce IFN-γ. To resolve Salmonella infections, the stimulation of IL-12 and IFN-γ are important for mediating its clearance. In this present study, the relevance of IL-18 in protection against oral challenge with Salmonella typhimurium was investigated to determine the role of this IFN-γ-promoting cytokine. Rabbit anti-murine IL-18 antisera was generated and administered prior to the oral challenge of BALB/c and IL-12p40-deficient knockout (IL-12KO) mice with a wild-type S. typhimurium strain. The median survival time was reduced by 2 days for the anti-IL-18-treated BALB/c mice, while no significant reduction in survival rate for the anti-IL-18-treated IL-12KO mice was observed compared to vehicle-treated mice. To investigate the contribution of IL-18 to resolving Salmonella infections, an attenuated aro-negative mutant (H647) was orally administered to BALB/c mice. This Salmonella infection induced both IL-12 and IFN-γ in both the Peyer's patches and the spleens. In vehicle-treated mice, Peyer's patch IL-12 peaked by 24 h, while IL-18 levels peaked at 3 days, suggesting sequential support by these cytokines for IFN-γ. Anti-IL-18 treatment exerted its greatest effect upon the mucosal compartment, limiting early IFN-γ production. However, anti-IL-18 treatment had little effect upon splenic IFN-γ levels until late in the response. Infection of IL-12KO mice with H647 strain induced IFN-γ, but it was not supported by IL-18, although IL-18 levels were reduced by this treatment. These results suggest that IL-18 does contribute to the clearance of S. typhimurium and that endogenously induced IL-18 could not substitute for IL-12.
Biphasic Regulation of Mammary Epithelial Resistance by Serotonin through Activation of Multiple Pathways

Mammary gland homeostasis and the lactation-to-involution switch are regulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)). Mammary epithelial tight junctions are physiological targets of 5-HT, and their disruption marks an early stage of mammary gland involution. In these studies, we have identified signal transduction mechanism employed by 5-HT during regulation of mammary gland transepithelial resistance. Transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction protein architecture were studied in cultures of MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells. Serotonin had biphasic effects on mammary epithelial resistance. At lower concentrations and earlier time points, 5-HT potentiated epithelial transmembrane resistance, whereas at higher concentrations and later time points, 5-HT decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and disrupted tight junctions. Both the early and delayed actions of 5-HT were mediated by the 5-HT7 receptor through activation of Gs/cAMP. 5-HT induced the activities of both protein kinase A and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase abrogated 5-HT-induced disruption of mammary epithelial tight junctions (the delayed effect). In contrast, inhibition of protein kinase A prevented the increased epithelial resistance in response to 5-HT (the transient effect). These studies imply an integrated set of mechanisms whereby transient, modest activation of 5-HT7 promotes tight junction integrity, and sustained 5-HT7 activation drives involution by disrupting tight junctions.
SHIM: A Language for Hardware/Software Integration

Virtually every system designed today is an amalgam of hardware and software. Unfortunately, software and circuits that communicate across the hardware/software boundary are tedious and error-prone to create. This suggests a more automatic way to synthesize them. This paper presents the shim language, which combines imperative C-like semantics for software and rtl-like semantics for hardware to allow a unied description of hardware/software systems. Hardware processes and software functions communicate through shared variables, hardware for which is automatically synthesized by the shim compiler, which generates C and synthesizable vhdl. I demonstrate the eectiv eness of the language by re-implementing an I 2 C bus controller. The shim source is half the size of an equivalent manual implementation, slightly faster, and has a smaller memory footprint. Partial and complete hardware implementations in shim are also presented, showing that shim is succinct and eectiv e.
'Pencigraphy' with AGC: joint parameter estimation in both domain and range of functions in same orbit of the projective-Wyckoff group

Consider a static scene and fixed center of projection, about which a camera is free to zoom, pan, tilt, and rotate about its optical axis. With an ideal camera, the resulting images are in the same orbit of the projective group-action, and each pixel of each image provides a measurement of a ray of light passing through a common point-in space. Unfortunately, most modern cameras have a built in automatic gain control (AGC), automatic shutter, or auto-iris, which, in many cases cannot be turned off. Many modern digitizers to which cameras are connected have their own AGC which also cannot be disabled. With AGC, the characteristic response function of the camera varies, making it impossible to accurately describe one image as a projective coordinate transformed version of another. This paper proposes not only a solution to this problem, but a means of turning AGC into an asset, so that even in cases where AGC could be disabled, pencigraphers of the future will be turning AGC on.
Managing by the numbers: a tutorial on quantitative measurement and control of software projects

This paper provides a brief overview of mechanisms for quantitative measurement and control of software projects. Mechanisms described include work packages, work breakdown structures, activity networks, rolling-wave plans, incremental development, binary tracking, earned value reporting, technical performance measuremFt, and systematic initiation and tracking of corrective actiops.
Remarks on certain growth conditions in problems of optimal control

In the Tonelli-Nagumo existence theorem for free problems of the calculus of variations, a uniform growth condition (T1) was employed to prove the equiabsolute continuity of the trajectories of a minimizing sequence. This same growth condition was shown to be equivalent to a pointwise growth condition (T2). Cesari utilized a generalization, condition (α), in order to extend the Tonelli-Nagumo existence theorem to optimal control problems.
Web intelligence and world knowledge - the concept of Web IQ (WIQ)

The abandonment of bivalence is a prerequisite to achieving a quantum jump in WlQ. By abandoning bivalence, the door is opened to the use of tools such as PNL for adding to search engines two essential capabilities: (a) capability to operate on perception-based information; and (b) question-answering capability. What should be stressed, however, is that achievement of this goal will be a major challenge involving exploration of many new directions.
Heidegger's Quest for Being

An almost unbelievable amount of false philosophy has arisen through not realizing what ‘existence’ means…. [It] rests upon the notion that existence is, so to speak, a property that you can attribute to things, and that the things that exist have the property of existence and the things that do not exist do not. That is rubbish (Bertrand Russell).I have dared to puncture several metaphysical balloons and nothing came out of them but hot air (Voltaire).
The correlation of aortic neck length to early and late outcomes in endovascular aneurysm repair patients

Background Initially, patients with a short angulated aortic neck were considered unfit for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Recently, however, more liberal use of EVAR has been advocated. This study analyzes the correlation of aortic neck length to early and late outcomes. Methods We analyzed 238 patients who underwent EVAR during a recent 7-year period. All patients were followed up clinically and underwent postoperative duplex ultrasound imaging or computed tomography angiography, which were repeated every 6 months. Aortic neck length was classified into ≥15 mm (L1, n=195), 10 to Results Analyzed were 49 Ancure, 47 AneuRx, 104 Excluder, and 38 Zenith grafts. The mean follow-up was 24.7 months (range, 1-87 months). The initial technical success was 99%. The perioperative complication rates for groups L1, L2, and L3 were 13%, 21%, and 24%, respectively ( P = .289). Proximal type I early endoleaks occurred in 12%, 42%, and 53% in groups L1, L2, and L3, respectively ( P P P = .660). Rates of freedom from late type I endoleak at 1, 2, and 3 years were 84%, 82%, and 80% for L1; 68%, 54%, and 54% for L2; and 71%, 71%, and 53% for L3 ( P = .0263). Rates of freedom from late intervention at 1, 2, and 3 years were 96%, 94%, and 92% for L1; and 94%, 83%, and 83% for L2; and 93%, 93%, and 93% for L3 ( P = .5334). Conclusions EVAR can be used for patients with a short aortic neck; however, it was associated with a significantly higher rate of early and late type I endoleaks, resulting in an increased use of proximal aortic cuffs for sealing the endoleaks.
Predicting Online Harassment Victimization Among a Juvenile Population

Online harassment can consist of threatening, worrisome, emotionally hurtful, or sexual messages delivered via an electronic medium that can lead victims to feel fear or distress much like real-world harassment and stalking. This activity is especially prevalent among middle and high school populations who frequently use technology as a means to communicate with others. Little is known, however, whether factors linked to computer crime victimization in college samples have the same influence in juvenile populations. The article discusses a study conducted utilizing a routine-activities framework that explored the online harassment experiences among middle and high school students and recruited 434 students in a Kentucky middle and high school to complete a survey uploaded on the district server during school hours. Multiple binary logistic regression models indicate that online harassment victimization increased when juveniles maintain social network sites, associate with peers who harass online, and post sensitive information online. The implications of these findings for theorists, practitioners, and policy makers are also explored. Language: en
Balancing our biases.

From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash. Disclosures: J.D.P. has a consulting relationship with Thoratec Corporation (Pleasanton, Calif) and HeartWare International Inc (Framingham, Mass). N.A.M. has a consulting relationship with Thoratec Corporation (Pleasanton, Calif), HeartWare International, Inc (Framingham, Mass), and St Jude Medical Center (Fullerton, Calif). Received for publication Oct 11, 2015; accepted for publication Oct 17, 2015. Address for reprints: Nahush A. Mokadam, MD, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Box 356310, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 (E-mail: mokadamn@uw.edu). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;151:211-2 0022-5223/$36.00 Copyright 2016 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.10.053 Parasternal long-axis view of the aortic valve, depicting aortic insufficiency.
Hospital Use by Pediatric Patients: Implications for Change

Introduction We conducted an analysis of population-based records of hospitalizations for all children 1-12 years old in California in order to provide detailed descriptive diagnostic information on pediatric hospitalizations and to analyze differences in hospital use by population group. Methods We analyzed 1992 computerized hospital discharge data for all children ages 1-5 years (n = 76,611) and 6-12 years (n = 54,827) in California acute care hospitals. We looked at the major diagnoses resulting in hospitalization and the total cost and total length of hospital stay by diagnosis. Relative risks for hospitalization by race and gender were calculated with 95 % confidence intervals. Results Discharges among children ages 1-5 years accounted for $746 million in hospital charges and 319,059 days of hospitalization while discharges among children ages 6–12 years accounted for $580 million and 310,912 hospital days. Asthma, injuries, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, and congenital disease accounted for 46% of hospitalizations in children between 1 and 5 years old. Injury, appendicitis, asthma, mental illness, and pneumonia accounted for 45 % of hospitalizations in those between 6 and 12. The risk of hospitalization varied significantly by gender and race. Conclusions Many pediatric hospitalizations are preventable, and further efforts are needed to address this problem through improved access to primary care and education. Of particular significance are the racial variations in risk of hospitalization due to asthma and mental illness.
Where are the wandering interstellar comets

The study of comets, once described by Jonathan Swift as 'lame and defective', has acquired a modicum of respectability in recent years. Despite their small size and apparently random paths among the planets, comets have come to be recognised as holding important keys to our understanding of the formation of the planetary system. As preserved remnant of the formation period, comets contain a cosmochemical record of the physical and chemical processes in the solar nebula and possibly in the interstellar cloud that preceded it.
Implementing a Collaboration Activity in Construction Engineering Education

Collaboration skills are increasingly necessary in today’s construction workforce. However, classroom activities that incorporate collaboration skills, ones involving interactive work among individuals towards a common goal, are underrepresented in many construction classes. This research documents and illuminates implementation of a team activity where groups of interdisciplinary students were asked to build a structure using the provided (paper and tape) resources with the objectives to create a structure that stands at least 4″ tall and supports as much weight (under textbook loading) as possible. Two rounds of activities were performed with differing levels of role definition provided to the students. Team interactions and performance were recorded, along with student self-assessments, and reporter observation. The implementation of this collaboration activity continues to provide valuable lessons, which informs the integration and assessment of collaboration activities in construction education.
Managing Anthrax Contaminated Waste

The purpose of the presentation is to describe what the Federal Government’s guidance is on the many issues regarding the disposal of contaminated and/or previously contaminated anthrax wastes. The presentation will describe various disposal options and scenarios.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Public health, privatization, and market populism: a time for reflection

The political, social, and economic ideology fueling the movement toward privatization in health care may be characterized as "market populism." Whether or not public health agencies retain their traditional roles in personal health services delivery, these organizations must serve as the predominant external source for quality monitoring, oversight, enforcement, and advocacy for communities in an environment that regards the private market as a panacea.
Polylysine activates smooth muscle myosin ATPase activity via induction of a 10S to 6S transition

Polylysine (10-13 kDa) stimulates contraction in smooth muscle skinned fibers and activates actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the absence of myosin light chain phosphorylation [P. T. Szymanski and R. J. Paul. Adv. Exp. Med. 304: 363-368, 1991; P. T. Szymanski, J. D. Strauss, G. Doerman, J. DiSalvo, and R. J. Paul. Am J. Physiol. 262 (Cell Physiol. 31): C1445-C1455, 1992]. To provide further information on the mechanism of polylysine action on contractility in smooth muscle, we investigated its effect on ATPase activity and conformation of purified gizzard myosin. We report here that polylysine directly stimulates myosin ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. This stimulation could be completely abolished with the addition of heparin, a negatively charged heteropolysaccharide. Polylysine (10 microM) increases myosin ATPase activity to a level similar to that of myosin phosphorylation. Addition of 10 microM polylysine to phosphorylated myosin [with myosin light chain kinase and adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S), to approximately 1.9 mol P/mol myosin], however, did not further stimulate ATPase activity. At 0.2 M KCl (the salt concentration at which myosin exists primary in the 10S form), the addition of polylysine increases myosin ATPase activity to a level comparable to that of untreated myosin in 0.3 M KCl. These changes parallel the increase in solution viscosity elicited by polylysine. These results suggest that polylysine induces a transition in myosin conformation from the 10S to the 6S form, and this was confirmed by electron microscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Delaying Aging Is Neuroprotective in Parkinson’s Disease (P6.376)

Objective: To determine the extent to which delaying aging is beneficial in Parkinson’s disease. Background: Aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of Parkinson’s disease. However, the role of aging in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease is not known and it is currently uncertain why the symptoms take many decades to develop when inherited mutations that cause the disease can be present from birth. We hypothesize that there are specific changes that take place during the aging process that make cells susceptible to disease-causing mutations that are well-tolerated at younger ages. If so, then interventions that increase lifespan should be beneficial in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we used genetic animal models of Parkinson’s disease expressing either human mutant α-synuclein (A53T) or LRRK2 (G2019S). We crossed the Parkinson’s disease mutants with animals that have an increased lifespan resulting from decreased insulin-IGF1 signaling. Results: We found that increasing lifespan through reduction of insulin-IGF1 signaling rescued the degeneration of dopamine neurons in both models of Parkinson’s disease and importantly ameliorated deficits in dopamine-dependent behaviors. Increasing lifespan also delayed the formation of aggregates and abolished deficits in resistance to different stresses that were present in the Parkinson’s disease mutants. Conclusions: Overall, this work suggests that slowing down the aging process may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Disclosure: Dr. Cooper has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dues has nothing to disclose. Dr. Spielbauer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Machiela has nothing to disclose. Dr. Senchuk has nothing to disclose. Dr. Van Raamsdonk has nothing to disclose.
Interannual similarity in the Martian atmosphere during the dust storm season

We find that during the dusty season on Mars (southern spring and summer) of years without a global dust storm there are three large regional-scale dust storms. The storms are labeled A, B, and C in seasonal order. This classification is based on examining the zonal mean 50 Pa (approximately 25 km) daytime temperature retrievals from TES/MGS and MCS/MRO over 6 Mars Years. Regional-scale storms are defined as events where the temperature exceeds 200 K. Examining the MCS dust field at 50 Pa indicates that warming in the Southern Hemisphere is dominated by direct heating, while northern high latitude warming is a dynamical response. A storms are springtime planet encircling Southern Hemisphere events. B storms are southern polar events that begin near perihelion and last through the solstice. C storms are southern summertime events starting well after the end of the B storm. C storms show the most interannual variability.
NonHodgkin’s Lymphomas of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract and Salivary Glands

The symptoms, signs, diagnosis, work-up, pathology, and treatment of nonHodgkin's lymphomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and salivary glands are described.
Spectroscopy of Na2 by photoassociation of laser cooled Na

Recently, several groups,1-4 have used photoassociation of ultracold atoms to study transitions from free atoms to bound molecules. Photoassociative spectroscopy involves illuminating a collection of laser cooled and trapped atoms with a tunable probe laser. When the probe laser is resonant with transition to an excited molecular state, molecules are formed and detected either by ionizing the molecules or by monitoring changes in the number of trapped atoms.
NEW REALITIES, NEW RELATIONSHIPS: Transforming the delivery of service: The joint-use library and information commons

Bibliotheque et Information commons (regroupement des postes, logiciels, ressources et materiels utiles a l'internaute)
Will Teachers Create Opportunities for Discussion When Teaching Proof in a Geometry Classroom

This study presents an analysis of whether geometry teachers create opportunities for student discussion when engaging students in proving as revealed through the use of a multimedia survey instrument. We presented 42 secondary mathematics teachers with 8 multimedia narratives set in the situation of doing proofs in high school geometry and asked them to choose what they would do next, presenting options that included a normative instructional action which closed off discussion and less typical actions that encouraged student discussion. Our analysis provides insight into the professional obligations that teachers use to justify their departure from the norm in order to encourage student talk as well as the background variables that are associated with such decisions. We found that while secondary mathematics teachers frequently chose to promote discussion in their classrooms, the rationale that they chose for this decision and the reasons they might choose not to immediately encourage discussion differed according to the amount of experience they had teaching geometry. We use these differences to illustrate how the professional obligations can be used to better understand how teacher decisions are rationalized at the level of the instructional situation.
A Property of upper level sets of Lelong numbers of currents on ℙ2

Let T be a positive closed current of bidimension (1, 1) with unit mass on the complex projective space ℙ2. For α > 2/5 and β = (2 − 2α)/3 we show that if T has four points with Lelong number at least α, the upper level set Eβ+(T) of points of T with Lelong number strictly larger than β is contained within a conic with the exception of at most one point.
In situ measurements of sediment acoustic properties in Currituck Sound and comparison to models.

In situ measurements of compressional and shear wave speed and attenuation were collected 30 cm below the water-sediment interface in Currituck Sound, North Carolina at two field locations having distinctly different sediment types: medium-to-fine-grained sand and fine-grained sand with approximately 10% mud content. Shear wave measurements were performed with bimorph transducers to generate and receive horizontally polarized shear waves in the 300 Hz to 1 kHz band, and compressional wave measurements were performed using hydrophones operated in the 5 kHz to 100 kHz band. Sediment samples were collected at both measurement sites and later analyzed in the laboratory to characterize the sediment grain size distribution for each field location. Compressional and shear wave speed and attenuation were estimated from the acoustic measurements, and preliminary comparisons to the extended Biot model by Chotiros and Isakson [J. Acoust. Soc. 135, 3264–3279 (2014)] and the viscous grain-shearing theory by Buckingham...
Mikhail Bakhtin: Between Phenomenology and Marxism

Preface 1. Problems with formalism 2. Neo-Kantianism and phenomenology 3. Reception and hermeneutics: the search for ideology 4. The Marxist texts 5. Science and ideology 6. Science, praxis, and change 7. Bakhtin, the problem of knowledge and literary studies bibliography index.
Dimeric anthracene-based mechanophore for damage precursor detection in epoxy-based thermoset polymer matrix: Characterization and atomistic modeling

Abstract The mechanochemical response of a dimeric anthracene-based mechanophore (force-sensitive molecule), embedded within a thermoset polymer matrix, is studied through characterization and atomistic modeling. The dimeric anthracene-based mechanophore (dimeric 9-anthracene carboxylic acid, Di-AC) synthesized through ultraviolet dimerization was successfully incorporated into an epoxy-based thermoset polymer matrix to detect damage precursors. Mechanical loading tests showed that the Di-AC embedded epoxy polymer is capable of detecting damage precursors via fluorescence emission that occurs immediately before the yield point. The sensitivity of the Di-AC to external stress, which enables the damage precursor detection, is verified through a comparative study of bond dissociation energies of mechanophores using atomistic simulations. A hybrid molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methodology, integrating a classical force-field and a bond-order based force-field, is used to simulate epoxy curing, investigate elastic moduli and yield strength/strain, and capture mechanophore activation. Local work analysis within the hybrid MD simulation methodology is conducted to capture the critical strain representing the initiation of mechanophore activation due to the deformation of Di-AC embedded epoxy polymer. The capability to detect damage precursor is observed through MD simulations by comparing the yield strain and the critical strain. Furthermore, the experimentally observed variation in yield strength due to the inclusion of Di-AC is accurately reproduced by the comparative study between two systems: neat epoxy and 5 wt% Di-AC epoxy polymer, thus, validating the computational framework.
Forced Voluntary Disclosure

Two–way communication via social media platforms allows the firm to make an initial disclosure decision and then revise it after observing the response on social media to its initial decision. We examine the pressures interactive communications place on disclosure choices and find that negative social pressure “forces” some firm types to respond and disclose information they initially did not disclose. The valuable option to revise reduces the probability of an initial disclosure. Further, an increase in the initial disclosure cost reduces the probability of an initial disclosure but increases the probability of a subsequent disclosure. Similarly, an increase in the cost of a subsequent disclosure increases the probability of an initial disclosure but decreases the probability of a subsequent disclosure. These effects are amplified if the firm is more likely to face social media pressure or if its value is more sensitive to it.
Genomics of parallel adaptation at two timescales in Drosophila

Two interesting unanswered questions are the extent to which both the broad patterns and genetic details of adaptive divergence are repeatable across species, and the timescales over which parallel adaptation may be observed. Drosophila melanogaster is a key model system for population and evolutionary genomics. Findings from genetics and genomics suggest that recent adaptation to latitudinal environmental variation (on the timescale of hundreds or thousands of years) associated with Out-of-Africa colonization plays an important role in maintaining biological variation in the species. Additionally, studies of interspecific differences between D. melanogaster and its sister species D. simulans have revealed that a substantial proportion of proteins and amino acid residues exhibit adaptive divergence on a roughly few million years long timescale. Here we use population genomic approaches to attack the problem of parallelism between D. melanogaster and a highly diverged conger, D. hydei, on two timescales. D. hydei, a member of the repleta group of Drosophila, is similar to D. melanogaster, in that it too appears to be a recently cosmopolitan species and recent colonizer of high latitude environments. We observed parallelism both for genes exhibiting latitudinal allele frequency differentiation within species and for genes exhibiting recurrent adaptive protein divergence between species. Greater parallelism was observed for long-term adaptive protein evolution and this parallelism includes not only the specific genes/proteins that exhibit adaptive evolution, but extends even to the magnitudes of the selective effects on interspecific protein differences. Thus, despite the roughly 50 million years of time separating D. melanogaster and D. hydei, and despite their considerably divergent biology, they exhibit substantial parallelism, suggesting the existence of a fundamental predictability of adaptive evolution in the genus.
Examining factors associated with elevated Lie Scale responding on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory.

Abstract Child maltreatment remains a serious public health issue in the United States. Therefore, it is important to engage in quality control of the assessment, prevention, and treatment services for families affected by maltreatment. Parenting capacity assessments (PCAs) are typically an integral part of service delivery for families affected by maltreatment and can carry serious consequences for the referred parent. The Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) is a measure that is widely used in PCAs; however, socially desirable responding on the CAPI can serve to invalidate the important information derived from this assessment, as well as lead to negative impressions of the parent. Using data collected via multiple methods (including a non-face valid behavioral measure, intelligence screening, and self-report) from a predominantly at-risk sample of parents, the aim of this study was to better understand factors that may predict socially desirable responding on the CAPI. Results indicated that lower parental intelligence, a “positivity bias” (i.e., the tendency to learn and attend to positive over negative information during the non-face valid behavioral task), and lower reported depressive symptoms were associated with higher socially desirable responding. These findings suggest that assessors should thoughtfully consider the possibility that invalid CAPI scores may be more related to low intelligence and a positivity bias than to psychopathy and manipulation (e.g., purposefully trying to present oneself in a positive light to gain favor in a PCA).
The Architecture of Fraud in the Accounting Environment

This paper introduces an architecture of fraud in accounting by explicating the nature of fraud in the accounting environment, providing some theoretical explanations of the phenomenon from the field of criminology, and exploring some outcome situations arising from corporate fraud.
Biosensors – Scope in Microbiological Analysis

This chapter discusses the role of biosensors in the rapid, sensitive, and selective microbiological analysis of foodborne pathogens. The first portion deals with a brief definition of biosensors. This includes the role of sensors, analytes, and transducers in the identification and characterization of various microorganisms. Tables briefly present the types of biosensing entities, the analytes that they detect, and the recognition signal that is produced. The second table lists the use of whole cells as sensors, the analyte, and the recognition signal. Another table lists the transducers, the instrumentation that is used, and the type of measurements for transducers. The text will define all of these areas in greater detail. Flow injection and online systems employing biosensors will be illustrated by a table and then discussed in greater detail. Nanoparticles have entered the biosensor realm both as sensors and transducers. The increased sensitivity of reactions when gold and silver nanoparticles are used is discussed. Multiplexed biosensor instrumentation involving microarrays are mentioned. Caution concerning the use of nanoparticles with regard to toxicity and comments on biosensor shelf life and stability are also included.
Historical Clues to Playfulness as the Play Element in Play

This chapter presents a historical review of playfulness. This historical review is guided by looking for a manifestation of playfulness in adult as well as in children's play and it seeks to determine whether or not playfulness is part of the functional approach to play and, if so, to what extent. The chapter presents play from a qualitative point of view, underlining the question of how one plays. It describes the role occupied by playfulness in such a framework. The chapter focuses on the emergence of the child as the principal player. While the early impetus of putting the child on center stage came from Europe, particularly from France and Germany, it was the writings and teachings of John Dewey in the United States that emerged as the most powerful influence in according respectability to a child's play. The chapter discusses the functional analysis of play as a time to discharge energy and a time to recharge energy. Another functional analysis of play was influenced by the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin.
Effects of interaural delay, center frequency, and no more than "slight" hearing loss on precision of binaural processing: Empirical data and quantitative modeling.

This study assessed how precision of binaural processing is affected by center frequency (CF), interaural temporal disparity (ITD), and listeners' hearing status. Tonal signals and 100-Hz-wide Gaussian noise maskers were employed at CFs ranging between 250 and 8000 Hz, in octave steps. In addition, for CFs of 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz, transposed maskers and signals were employed. All listeners had no greater than “slight” hearing losses (i.e., no thresholds greater than 25 dB HL). Across all CFs and ITDs tested, binaural detection thresholds were elevated for listeners whose absolute thresholds at 4 kHz exceeded 7.5 dB HL. That outcome is consistent with results from Bernstein and Trahiotis [(2016). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140, 3540–3548]. Quantitative predictions of binaural detection thresholds derived via a comprehensive interaural correlation-based model of binaural processing were highly accurate across the entire set of data. The modeling results suggest that elevated thresholds from listeners having small hearing losses stem from elevated levels of stimulus-dependent, additive internal noise. They do not appear to stem from increased levels of noise within the central binaural comparator or from reduced sensitivity to changes in interaural correlation produced by the addition of the signal to the masker.This study assessed how precision of binaural processing is affected by center frequency (CF), interaural temporal disparity (ITD), and listeners' hearing status. Tonal signals and 100-Hz-wide Gaussian noise maskers were employed at CFs ranging between 250 and 8000 Hz, in octave steps. In addition, for CFs of 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz, transposed maskers and signals were employed. All listeners had no greater than “slight” hearing losses (i.e., no thresholds greater than 25 dB HL). Across all CFs and ITDs tested, binaural detection thresholds were elevated for listeners whose absolute thresholds at 4 kHz exceeded 7.5 dB HL. That outcome is consistent with results from Bernstein and Trahiotis [(2016). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140, 3540–3548]. Quantitative predictions of binaural detection thresholds derived via a comprehensive interaural correlation-based model of binaural processing were highly accurate across the entire set of data. The modeling results suggest that elevated thresholds from listeners having sma...
Metamorphosis Inside and Out: Transformative Learning at Portland State University.

In this article, the authors (a faculty member and two former students) describe the trajectory that Portland State University has taken over its history to institutionalize transformative learning opportunities within its comprehensive general education program, University Studies. Following a description of the institutional changes that resulted in the community-based, experientially focused courses at the heart of University Studies, the authors explore one particular community partnership involving both a state agency and the national Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program, dedicated to offering transformative experiences in which incarcerated and non-incarcerated students learn together inside correctional facilities. Finally, each author shares a reflective essay about the personal transformation experienced through these Inside-Out courses and the implications of these changes on their lives.