cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real time video scene detection and classification

The VISION (video indexing for searching over networks) digital video library system has been developed in our laboratory as a testbed for evaluating automatic and comprehensive mechanisms for video archive creation and content-based search, filtering and retrieval of video over local and wide area networks. In order to provide access to video footage within seconds of broadcast, we have developed a new pipelined digital video processing architecture which is capable of digitizing, processing, indexing and compressing video in real time on an inexpensive general purpose computer. These videos were automatically partitioned into short scenes using video, audio and closed-caption information. The resulting scenes are indexed based on their captions and stored in a multimedia database. A client-server-based graphical user interface was developed to enable users to remotely search this archive and view selected video segments over networks of different bandwidths. Additionally, VISION classifies the incoming videos with respect to a taxonomy of categories and will selectively send users videos which match their individual profiles.
Antibodies to CD40 induce a lethal cytokine cascade after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation

Abstract CD40 stimulation, by either antibody or ligand, has been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of neoplastic cells, both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we assessed the effects of CD40 stimulation using a murine agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (FGK115) or a soluble recombinant murine CD40 ligand (srmCD40L) in both lethally irradiated and nonirradiated BALB/c mice. Toxicity after CD40 stimulation was not observed in nonirradiated animals receiving up to 100 microg of the agonist anti-CD40 MoAb. However, as little as 10 microg of the agonistic anti-CD40 MoAb induced acute toxicity resulting in 100% morbidity of lethally irradiated animals by 4 days after irradiation. Histological evaluation of animals receiving anti-CD40 MoAb revealed severe intestinal lesions with disruption of the villi, goblet cell depletion, and crypt hyperplasia of the small intestine, colon, and cecum. Delaying the administration of anti-CD40 MoAb or reducing the amount of irradiation given resulted in increased survival and less severe lesions. Analysis of serum cytokine levels in lethally irradiated mice receiving agonistic anti-CD40 showed a marked increase of interferon (IFN)-gamma. Lethally irradiated IFN-gamma knockout mice given the agonistic anti-CD40 MoAb demonstrated significant increases in survival and minimal gut lesions compared with wild-type mice receiving the same regimen, suggesting that IFN-gamma plays a major role in this toxic reaction. These results indicate that CD40 stimulation using agonistic antibodies following lethal irradiation leads to a fatal, cytokine-induced disease affecting the intestine. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2001;7(3):136-43.
Of Citizenship, Virtue, and the Administrative Imperative: Deconstructing Aristotelian Civic Republicanism

Over the years, the public administration literature has generated many different strands in the definition and conceptualization of citizenship. In theory and in practice, our understanding of what it means to be a citizen is in danger of being muddled amid the diversity of perspectives and the epistemological confusion generated in the contemporary discourse on the subject. My aim in this article is to clarify and elaborate a common thread that runs through our contemporary understanding of citizenship and to advance the general thesis that our brand of theorizing reflects an earlier tradition that embodies the conservative ethos of Aristotelian republicanism. Can such a tradition survive in modern American society?
Structural Modifications of Interleukin-2 at Positions 47 and 65

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine essential for the growth and proliferation of T-cells. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of altering the "kink" caused by Pro in an alpha-helix of the protein. The Pro-47 residue was chosen because it was originally, but mistakenly, traced to the kink of an alpha-helix [1]. Pro-65 is now recognized to be situated in the middle of helix B [2]. To study the significance of this Pro for the bioactivity and overall conformation of IL-2 it was mutated to Gly and Ala. We successfully obtained 17 different mutants at position 47 and two mutants at position 65. Certain amino acid substitutions representing different categories of amino acids, namely, acidic, neutral and helix stabilizing, were chosen for more thorough investigation. The results showed that Asn-47 and Asp-47 decreased the bioactivity of these mutants by 50- and 700-fold respectively, while the Kd to its high affinity receptors was increased 180- and 90-fold respectively, compared to IL-2. The intermediate binding affinity of Asn-47 and Asp-47 was decreased 8- and 37-fold, respectively. On the other hand, Gly-47, Gly-65 and Ala-65 showed less dramatic decreases in bioactivity and high affinity binding. The intermediate binding affinity of these mutants decreased from 5- to 3-fold and low affinity binding decreased approximately 4-fold suggesting some structural and conformational changes. From these observations, we conclude that Asn-47 or Asp-47 disrupt the hydrophobic packing of the core and thus changed the overall conformation of the protein, thereby giving rise to partial agonists. Although Pro-65 lies within the helix, it may be near the surface of the protein but may not be the actual binding site and thus any conservative mutation can be better tolerated.
Correction analysis for a supersonic water cooled total temperature probe tested to 1370 K

The authors address the thermal analysis of a water cooled supersonic total temperature probe tested in a Mach 2 flow, up to 1366 K total temperature. The goal of this experiment was the determination of high-temperature supersonic jet mean flow temperatures. An 8.99 cm exit diameter water cooled nozzle was used in the tests. It was designed for exit Mach 2 at 1366 K exit total temperature. Data along the jet centerline were obtained for total temperatures of 755 K, 1089 K, and 1366 K. The data from the total temperature probe were affected by the water coolant. The probe was tested through a range of temperatures between 755 K and 1366 K with and without the cooling system turned on. The results were used to develop a relationship between the indicated thermocouple bead temperature and the freestream total temperature. The analysis and calculated temperatures are presented. >
The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Related Mental Health Issues: The Crisis for Africans and Black Americans:

HIV/AIDS is one of the most devastating diseases that humanity has ever faced. Since the first clinical evidence of HIV/AIDS was reported in 1981, more than 60 million people have been infected wit...
Quality Control Guidelines for Disk Diffusion and Broth Microdilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests with Seven Drugs for Veterinary Applications

This multicenter study proposes antimicrobial susceptibility (MIC and disk diffusion methods) quality control (QC) parameters for seven compounds utilized in veterinary health. Alexomycin, apramycin, tiamulin, tilmicosin, and tylosin were tested by broth microdilution against various National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)-recommended QC organisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). In addition, disk diffusion zone diameter QC limits were determined for apramycin, enrofloxacin, and premafloxacin by using E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and S. aureus ATCC 25923. The results from five or six participating laboratories produced >/=99.0% of MICs and >/=95.0% of the zone diameters within suggested guidelines. The NCCLS Subcommittee for Veterinary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing has recently approved these ranges for publication in the next M31 document.
Rheological properties of a phenyl substituted siloxane polymer

The melt rheological properties of a poly(methylphenylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane) are investigated. It is concluded that this viscous polymer can be used as core material to form stable clad fiber over a temperature range with upper limits at about 50°C for 1 mm fibers
Evolutionary Trace Annotation Server

Summary:The Evolutionary Trace Annotation (ETA) Server predicts enzymatic activity. ETA starts with a structure of unknown function, such as those from structural genomics, and with no prior knowledge of its mechanism uses the phylogenetic Evolutionary Trace (ET) method to extract key functional residues and propose a function-associated 3D motif, called a 3D template. ETA then searches previously annotated structures for geometric template matches that suggest molecular and thus functional mimicry. In order to maximize the predictive value of these matches, ETA next applies distinctive specificity filters—evolutionary similarity, function plurality and match reciprocity. In large scale controls on enzymes, prediction coverage is 43% but the positive predictive value rises to 92%, thus minimizing false annotations. Users may modify any search parameter, including the template. ETA thus expands the ET suite for protein structure annotation, and can contribute to the annotation efforts of metaservers. Availability:The ETA Server is a web application available at http://mammoth.bcm.tmc.edu/eta/. Contact: [email protected]
Analysis of fumonisin B1 in corn by capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection of the FMOC derivative

A new method has been developed for the analysis of fumonisin B1 in corn using capillary electrophoresis. Fumonisin B1 is the major fumonisin metabolite produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme and has been implicated in human and animal diseases. Fumonisin B1 was extracted from corn with acetonitrile/water (50/50) and cleaned up with a Waters C18 Sep-Pak Vac cartridge. Fumonisin B1 was quantitated after elution from the C18 Sep-Pak column using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a 25 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 10% acetonitrile and fluorescence detection of the FMOC derivative. The minimum detectable amount in corn was 0.5 ppm. Recovery values in spiked corn averaged over 96% over the range 1–20 ppm. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Subspace learning for human head pose estimation

This paper proposes a fully automatic framework for static human head pose estimation. With a 2D human multi-view face image as input, the face region is detected and cropped out. Then the pose of the face is assessed by the pose categories. Based on the appearance of the face region, variant subspace learning methods including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), locality preserving projection (LPP) and pose-specific subspace (PSS) are proposed for effective representation of the face poses. Several aspects, such as human identification, illumination changes and expression variations are considered during the classification process. The experiment results on large public database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and recognition algorithms. Performance comparisons and discussions are also provided in detail to help the algorithm selection when designing practical face pose estimation systems for different scenarios.
Section 8: The Time for Fundamental Program Change?

Abstract We argue that Section 8 low‐income rental assistance—now called the Housing Choice Voucher Program—needs to be restructured and integrated with the other elements of the federal safety net for low‐income households. Since the program was introduced in 1974, the quality of the nation's housing stock has continued to improve, to the point that only a very small percentage of it is severely inadequate. Yet low‐income households continue to face problems such as affordability, neighborhood decline, limited access to economic opportunity, and involuntary mobility. While the Section 8 program has partially addressed some of these problems, it has a number of shortcomings, primarily the fact that it does not materially improve housing conditions for most recipients. Instead, it is little more than a poorly disguised income supplement. Housing vouchers should be directly integrated into the federal safety net as an entitlement to households that qualify for assistance.
The Application of Competency-Based Education to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: I. Data Gathering and Case Formulation

In the first of three papers, the authors present a competency-based model for training in consultation-liaison psychiatry which addresses the issues of how residents are taught to collect and formulate patient data. This model emphasizes the use of behavioral statements to describe the process of how a consultation is done. By comparing the resident's performance with prestated behavioral objectives, a method for residency supervision is offered. The second paper carries this one step further with the application of the model to clinical intervention strategies. The final paper discusses the implications of this approach to some of the issues that surround residency training in this field.
Ultraconserved elements in the Olig2 promoter.

Background: Oligodendrocytes are specialized cells of the nervous system that produce the myelin sheaths surrounding the axons of neurons. Myelinating the axons increases the speed of nerve conduction and demyelination contributes to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Oligodendrocyte differentiation is specified early in development by the expression of the basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor Olig2 in the ventral region of the neural tube. Understanding how Olig2 expression is controlled is therefore essential for elucidating the mechanisms governing oligodendrocyte differentiation. A method is needed to identify potential regulatory sequences in the long stretches of adjacent non-coding DNA that flank Olig2. Methodology/Principal Findings: We identified ten potential regulatory regions upstream of Olig2 based on a combination of bioinformatics metrics that included evolutionary conservation across multiple vertebrate genomes, the presence of potential transcription factor binding sites and the existence of ultraconserved elements. One of our computational predictions includes a region previously identified as the Olig2 basal promoter, suggesting that our criterion represented characteristics of known regulatory regions. In this study, we tested one candidate regulatory region for its ability to modulate the Olig2 basal promoter and found that it represses expression in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Conclusions/Significance: The regulatory region we identified modifies the expression regulated by the Olig2 basal promoter in a manner consistent with our current understanding of Olig2 expression during oligodendrocyte differentiation. Our results support a model in which constitutive activation of Olig2 by its basal promoter is repressed in undifferentiated cells by upstream repressive elements until that repression is relieved during differentiation. We conclude that the potential regulatory elements presented in this study provide a good starting point for unraveling the cisregulatory logic that governs Olig2 expression. Future studies of the functionality of the potential regulatory elements we present will help reveal the interactions that govern Olig2 expression during development.
Advanced TRL (Through-Reflect-Line) Fixture Design and Error Analyses for RF High Power Transistor Characterization and Automatic Load Pull Measurement

This article discussed the design methodology of the low impedance TRL fixture and a detailed error analysis of the commercial computer controlled load pull system. Especially, an associated advanced TRL calibration software routine has been created to resolve the difficulty of non-50 Ohm calibration used by the vector network analyzer. Since this technique is regardless of the termination impedance, the probing port can always be designed to comply with the same dimension as the measured port. Because this unique match of measured and probing ports, users can apply this technique to measure a circuit with any configuration of impedance without worrying the discontinuity and fringing effect.
Who Shall Succeed? How CEO/Board Preferences and Power Affect the Choice of New CEOs

This study shows how social psychological and sociopolitical factors can create divergence in the preferences of an incumbent CEO and existing board regarding the desired characteristics of a new CEO, and how relative CEO/board power can predict whose preferences are realized. Using extensive longitudinal data, we found that more powerful boards are more likely to change CEO characteristics in the direction of their own demographic profile. Outside successors are also typically demographically different from their CEO predecessors but demographically similar to the boards.
Isolation of Highly Enriched Preparations of Two Types of Mucosal Cells of the Turtles Urinary Bladder

SummaryEnriched preparations of the two major cell types of the mucosal epithelium of the turtle's urinary bladder can be obtained by density gradient centrifugation. Carbonic anhydrase activity is much greater in the mitochondria-rich than in the granular cell, suggesting the former cell type is the site of acetazolamide-sensitive transport. This technique should be useful in further defining the biochemical and transport properties of epithelial tissues composed of heterogeneous mucosal cells.
The Importance of Invariant and Distinctive Features in Species Recognition of Bird Song

Two hypotheses concerning the relative importance of different acoustic features in species-song recognition were examined. The invariant-features hypothesis predicted that a feature's accuracy in song recognition is inversely proportional to its intraspecific variability, as expressed by the coefficient of variation. The sound-environment hypothesis assumes that both variability and a feature's central tendency relative to other species in the local acoustic environment determine a feature's importance in species-song recognition. These hypotheses were compared in an acoustic analysis of 14 features of songs of two focal species, the Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) and Chipping Sparrow (S. passerina), and 11 other species found in open habitats in the eastern United States. In both focal species, maximal note frequency was one of the two least-variable features within conspecific song, and the most accurate single feature in classifying songs in a canonical discriminant analysis. In neither species was a feature's accuracy in classifying songs correlated with its relative variability within conspecific song. These results, in conjunction with recent experimental studies, contradict the common assumption in the literature that invariant features provide the most important song recognition cues.
Structural Sizing Methodology for the Tendon-Actuated Lightweight In-Space MANipulator (TALISMAN) System

The Tendon-Actuated Lightweight In-Space MANipulator (TALISMAN) is a versatile long-reach robotic manipulator that is currently being tested at NASA Langley Research Center. TALISMAN is designed to be highly mass-efficient and multi-mission capable, with applications including asteroid retrieval and manipulation, in-space servicing, and astronaut and payload positioning. The manipulator uses a modular, periodic, tension-compression design that lends itself well to analytical modeling. Given the versatility of application for TALISMAN, a structural sizing methodology was developed that could rapidly assess mass and configuration sensitivities for any specified operating work space, applied loads and mission requirements. This methodology allows the systematic sizing of the key structural members of TALISMAN, which include the truss arm links, the spreaders and the tension elements. This paper summarizes the detailed analytical derivations and methodology that support the structural sizing approach and provides results from some recent TALISMAN designs developed for current and proposed mission architectures.
Biological utilization of pyrolytic acetic acid for lipid-rich algal biomass production: substrate detoxification, inhibition mechanism, and fermentation optimization

Acetic acid derived from fast pyrolysis of lignocelulosic biomass is a promising substrate for microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii fermentation for producing lipid-rich biomass. However, pyrolytic-acetate-containing substrate has an extremely complex composition and highly inhibitory to microorganism due to the various toxic contaminants. In this dissertation, this work is to improve the C. reinhardtii fermentation performance through various detoxification practice for enhancing the fermentability of the C. reinhardtii. The inhibitory mechanisms of toxic compounds to the algal culture were also studied. Finally, the algal fermentation on pyrolytic acetic acid was optimized though the development of various fermentation strategies. When growing in raw bio-oil without any detoxification treatment, the algae can only tolerate up to 0.1 wt% of pyrolytic acetic acid stream. Alkaline treatment and oxidative treatment were applied to detoxification of pyrolytic acetic acid substrate. Addition of KOH, NaOH or Ca(OH)2 can significantly reduce the toxicity and improved algal fermentability by 20, 40 and 55 times, respectively. Alkali species used, treatment pH and treatment temperature were found all influencing the effectiveness of the alkali treatment. When oxidative treatment was further applied to NaOH-treated pyrolytic acetic acid substrate, the maximum cell density and biomass productivity was improved under each level inclusion of treated pyrolytic substrate although the cell still cannot tolerate the higher inclusion of the pyrolytic substrate. It was also found that directed evolution of algal strain increased the tolerance of algae strain; the maximum tolerance level of pyrolytic substrate by
Abstract C154: Integrated genomics approach to identify driver alterations

Several statistical tools have been developed to identify genes mutated at rates significantly higher than the background, indicative of positive selection, involving large sample cohort studies. However, studies involving relatively smaller sample sizes or single data-type genome wide analysis are inherently restricted due to their limited statistical power to identify low frequency genetic variation. We undertook integrated copy number, mutation and expression analyses of head and neck cancer cell lines assessing multiple levels of biological regulation in individual samples to enrich for driver events affected by two or more alterations. Besides identifying TP53, PTEN, HRAS and MET as major altered HNSCC hallmark genes, this analysis uncovered 34 novel candidate tumor suppressor and oncogenes altered by at least two types of alterations. Of these, we find a driver heterozygous truncating mutation in Nuclear receptor binding protein NRBP1, a pseudokinase, identical to that reported in other cancers and similar to activating mutant alleles in non-human model organisms. In addition to demonstrating the ability of integrated analyses to uncover biologically important genetic variation in relatively small datasets, we report for the first time, mutant NRBP1 is oncogenic when ectopically expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. We further show that knockdown of NRBP1 in oral carcinoma cell lines bearing such NRBP1 mutations inhibits transformation and survival. In over all, this approach could be of immense value for studies involving fewer or rare clinical specimen that are otherwise inherently restrictive due to the limited statistical power to detect alterations existing at lower frequency. Citation Format: Pratik Chandrani, Pawan Upadhyay, Prajish Iyer, Mayur Tanna, Madhur Shetty, Raghuram Venkata Gorantala, Ninad Oak, Ankita Singh, Rohan Chaubal, Manoj Ramteke, Sudeep Gupta, Amit Dutt. Integrated genomics approach to identify driver alterations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C154.
Acute urinary retention.

Acute urinary retention usually is due either to obstruction of urinary passages or to interruption of normal vesical innervation. Catheterization relieves the discomfort promptly and prevents back-pressure effects on renal function. Risks of infection and trauma can be reduced by adequate lubrication of the urethra, proper selection and thorough sterilization of catheters, cleansing of the patient prior to instrumentation, and gentleness of manipulation. Before definitive measures are taken to correct the factors causing the retention, the urinary tract should be investigated thoroughly.
Neck Pain in a 12-Year-Old Female: An Unusual Diagnosis

Abstract Background Neck pain in the pediatric population has a broad differential diagnosis, ranging from benign to imminently life-threatening causes. Trauma and infection represent the most common etiologies of pediatric neck pain in the pediatric emergency department (PED) setting. Malignancy, though a rare cause of pediatric neck pain, is important to consider in patients with acquired torticollis or focal neurologic signs. Case Report We describe the case of a previously healthy 12-year-old female who presented to the PED with neck pain radiating down her upper extremities. The physical examination revealed diminished strength in her upper extremities compared to her lower extremities. Further evaluation revealed lymphadenopathy in the cervical and mediastinal areas and an epidural tumor in the cervical spinal column. The ultimate diagnosis was Hodgkin lymphoma presenting in an unusual manner with cervical spinal cord compression. Why Should an Emergency Physician be Aware of This? Neck pain is a common chief complaint among pediatric patients in the emergency setting. This case of spinal cord compression caused by malignancy illustrates the necessity of detailed spinal imaging in patients with neck pain and “red flag” signs, including but not limited to an abnormal neurologic examination.
Climatic controls on active layer dynamics: Amsler Island, Antarctica

Variations in atmospheric conditions can be important factors influencing temperature dynamics within the active layer of a soil. Solar radiation and air temperature can directly alter ground surface temperatures, while variations in wind and precipitation can control how quickly heat is carried through soil pores. The presence of seasonal snow cover can also create a thermal barrier between the atmosphere and ground surface. This study examines the relation between atmospheric conditions and ground temperature variations on a deglaciated island along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Ground temperatures were most significantly influenced by incoming solar radiation, followed by air temperature variations. When winter months were included in the comparison, the influence of air temperature increased while solar radiation became less influential, indicating that snow cover reflected solar radiation inputs, but was not thick enough to insulate the ground. When ground temperatures were compared to atmospheric conditions of preceding weeks, seasonal temperature peaks 1.6 m below ground were best related to seasonal air temperature peaks from the previous two weeks. The same ground temperature peaks were best related to seasonal solar radiation peaks of seven weeks prior. This difference was a result of temperature lags within the atmosphere.
Depression treatment and healthcare expenditures among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed depression and incident breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer.

Objectives Depression is associated with high healthcare expenditures, and depression treatment may reduce healthcare expenditures. However, to date, there have not been any studies on the effect of depression treatment on healthcare expenditures among cancer survivors. Therefore, this study examined the association between depression treatment and healthcare expenditures among elderly with depression and incident cancer. Methods The current study used a retrospective longitudinal study design, the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database. Elderly (≥66 years) fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed depression and incident breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer (N = 1502) were followed for a period of 12 months after depression diagnosis. Healthcare expenditures were measured every month for a period of 12-month follow-up period. Depression treatment was identified during the 6-month follow-up period. The adjusted associations between depression treatment and healthcare expenditures were analyzed with generalized linear mixed model regressions with gamma distribution and log link after controlling for other factors. Results The average 1-year total healthcare expenditures after depression diagnosis were $38 219 for those who did not receive depression treatment; $42 090 for those treated with antidepressants only; $46 913 for those treated with psychotherapy only; and $51 008 for those treated with a combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy. As compared to no depression treatment, those who received antidepressants only, psychotherapy only, or a combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy had higher healthcare expenditures. However, second-year expenditures did not significantly differ among depression treatment categories. Conclusions Among cancer survivors with newly diagnosed depression, depression treatment did not have a significant effect on expenditures in the long term.
Chemical basis for pharmacological and therapeutic actions of penicillamine.

The pharmacological and therapeutic action of penicillamine are very largely explained by its ability to chelate metal ions and take part in oxidation-reduction reactions, sulfhydryldisulfide interchange, and nucleophilic addition. Effects of penicillamine on particular enzymes are explained by its chemical properties. Possible interactions with amino acids, tissue proteins, food constituents, and intermediates in the metabolism and biosynthesis of sulfur containing amino acids are discussed.
Carcinoid Tumor of the Stomach

Gastric carcinoid tumors (in fact, carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal [GI] tract in general) have undergone a dizzying array of name changes over the years, reflecting their ability to behave aggressively while appearing rather banal. Thus, a tumor with bland morphology can invade vascular structures and metastasize to lymph nodes or liver. While generally categorized as “neuroendocrine” tumors (NET), they have been classified by some observers as “well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors,” “well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas,” and so on. Bona fide small-cell carcinomas and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas can occur in the stomach, but they are rare. Thus, we will concentrate on the most frequently encountered entities here, which—even after all of the arguing about nomenclature—are still commonly called gastric “carcinoids.” Most such tumors in the stomach consist of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells that have been induced to undergo hyperplasia/proliferation by a hypergastrinemic state. To sort out the variety of situations in which these tumors occur, they have been categorized into several types. “Type 1” tumors arise in the setting of ECL cell hyperplasia brought on by autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG; see Chap. 20) and account for the vast majority of gastric carcinoids. “Type 2” tumors arise in the setting of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES; also in Chap. 20), and usually occur when this condition is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1). “Type 3” (“sporadic”) gastric carcinoids are thought to arise from true enterochromaffin cells (ECC) and are often larger and more aggressive than the ECL cell-derived tumors. Finally, some patients with defective parietal cell acid-secreting machinery unrelated to AAG or ZES have hypergastrinemia and can develop ECL cell-derived carcinoid tumors designated “Type 4.” Types 1, 2, and 4 (the ECL cell tumors) arise in the gastric body/fundus, whereas type 3 tumors can arise anywhere in the stomach. The ECL cell-derived tumors also have a good prognosis, compared to type 3 tumors.
Two CuII complexes of 3,4,5-tri­methyl-1H-pyrazole

The crystal structure of complexes of 3,4,5-tri­methyl-1H-pyrazole with CuCl2·2H2O and Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O are presented, namely di-μ-chlorido-bis[chloridobis(3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN2)copper(II)], [Cu2Cl4(C6H10N2)4] (1) and aquatetrakis(3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN2)copper(II) dinitrate, [Cu(C6H10N2)4(H2O)](NO3)2 (2), and compared to the previously determined structures for 3-methyl-1H-pyrazole and 3,5-di­methyl-1H-pyrazole. CuCl2 forms a 2:1 ligand-to-metal chloride-bridged complex with 3,4,5-tri­methyl-1H-pyrazole, with a square-pyramidal coordination geometry about each copper(II) center. Similarly to the previously obtained 3,5-di­methyl-1H-pyrazole complex with CuCl2, the pyrazole ligands are cis to each other, with two chloride ions bridging the two copper(II) centers, and a terminal chloride ion occupying the axial position. Cu(NO3)2 forms a 4:1 ligand-to-metal complex with 3,4,5-tri­methyl-1H-pyrazole that is also arranged in a square-pyramidal geometry about CuII. The newly obtained copper(II) complex has the same coordination geometry as the 3,5-di­methyl-1H-pyrazole complex, including an axial water mol­ecule, two nitrate ions hydrogen-bonded to the water mol­ecule, and four pyrazole ligands in the equatorial plane, suggesting that similar steric forces are at play in the formation of these complexes.
Risk Factors, Depression, and Drugs Influencing Sexual Activity in Individuals With and Without Stroke.

Purpose The aim of the study was to analyze factors affecting sexual activity in individuals with and without stroke, ages 40-59 years, in a national, cross-sectional, population-based sample derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Design Descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Methods Data were obtained from the NHANES (2011-2012) data set from individuals (N = 3,649) completing items related to cardiovascular risk factors, drugs, and sexual activity. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t tests, and logistic regression. Findings Overall, number of drugs, smoking, and depression significantly predicted sexual activity. When comparing sexually active to not sexually active, those with stroke had significantly less sexual activity (t = 2.822, p = .005) and reduced sexual activity per week or month (χ = 16.275, p = .005, df = 4). Those taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins had reduced sexual activity. Conclusions/clinical relevance Findings illustrate the importance of risk factor modification and nurses engaging in sexual assessment, education, and counseling to support sexual quality of life in younger individuals with stroke.
RAY-TRACING INVESTIGATION OF DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL OBSERVATIONS OF HF RADIO WAVES.

A high frequency radio direction-finding experiment involving a transmitter near Houston, Texas and a receiver near Urbana, Illinois has been under progress on a continuous basis for 1 week per month since March 1967. A network of five vertical incidence ionosondes located near and around the midpoint of the great circle path permit the evaluation of electron density gradients along the propagation path from true height analysis of ionograms recorded by this network. These gradients are used in conjunction with a three-dimensional ray-tracing computer program to compute the expected directions of arrival of the radio waves. Changes in bearing resulting from temporal variations in the electron density distribution and seasonal variations in the sunrise tilts are investigated. The results obtained by ray tracing are found to be in excellent agreement with the measured bearing deviations. Effective layer tilts are computed from the results of ray tracing.
Dynamic control of robot arms in tasks space using nonlinear feedback

Differential geometric system and control theory is used to develop a new dynamic system feedback technique for robot task space commands. The nonlinear robot arm system is feedback-linearized and simultaneously is output-decoupled by an appropriate nonlinear feedback and nonlinear coordinate transformation. On the joint space level, the scheme only commands drive forces or torques or their equivalent quantities addressed to the joint drives. An important property of the technique is that the planned and commanded task space trajectory together with its time derivatives directly drive the robot arm through a linear system model. A method for task space motion planning matching the requirements of the new scheme is briefly presented. The implications of the new technique for second and third order model robot arms with and without force feedback measuremnts and for two or more dynamically cooperating robot arms are discussed.
Lacustrine spawning by mountain suckers ( Catostomus platyrhynchus ) on Boulder Mountain, Utah

Abstract. Facultative spawning in lakes is an uncommon and notable behavior among catostomids and other fish species that typically spawn in streams. I describe what may be the first documented case of lake-spawning behavior by mountain suckers (Catostomus platyrhynchus).
An Inverse Method for Analyzing Defects in Heterogeneous Materials

Evaluation of defects in heterogeneous materials, such as cellulose-fiber composites, can lead to methods for improving strength. Full-field displacement measurement techniques, e.g., digital image correlation and electronic speckle pattern interferometry, provide useful information by which defects can be evaluated. Inverse Methods (IM) have been used to determine material properties from full-field displacement data. In homogenous materials, the resulting system of equations relating displacements with applied load and constitutive properties is overdetermined and is solved with traditional least squares methods. However, heterogeneous materials create an underdetermined system that cannot be addressed in the same way. Numerically simulated heterogeneous, orthotropic materials were evaluated in a 2-D finite element model, and the resulting nodal displacements were used as input to an IM algorithm. The algorithm determined local moduli, Ex and Ey, with errors, ranging from 9% to 20%. Errors in calculated Gxy were greater. Techniques for reducing error are provided. Simulations suggested IM can be an important tool in defect evaluation given full-field displacement measurements.
Endovascular iliac vein recanalization after Palma procedure for treatment of recalcitrant venous ulcer.

Abstract A 57-year-old man with post-thrombotic syndrome presented to the vascular clinic with multiple recurrent nonhealing ulcerations, swelling, and hyperpigmentation of the right lower extremity 30 years after a Palma procedure. On venography, a right to left femoral-femoral Palma bypass graft was noted to be patent, with occlusion of the iliac vein. Endovascular stenting of the right iliac veins led to complete resolution of symptoms and ulcer healing. The bypass and the stents remain patent 4 years after the procedure.
Lower endoscopic ultrasound in preoperative evaluation of rectosigmoid endometriosis.

Background and study aims Endometriosis affects a significant proportion of reproductive-aged women and involves the bowel in up to one-third of patients with the condition. Lower endoscopic ultrasound (LEUS) in assessment of endometriosis of the rectosigmoid colon was first described 20 years ago in European populations. The current study aimed to describe the diagnostic characteristics of this imaging modality at a tertiary US referral center in a large cohort and its impact on surgical planning. Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort study of adult women evaluated for rectosigmoid endometriosis by LEUS at an American tertiary referral center between January 2003 through June 2017. The reference standard for rectosigmoid endometriosis was surgical evaluation regardless of whether tissue was obtained for histologic evaluation. Two separate analyses were run; one comparing EUS to laparoscopic findings and another comparing EUS to histologic findings. Results LEUS demonstrated a positive predictive value (PPV) of 93.8 % (CI:68.1,99.1) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.4 % (CI:87.8,99.0) in the diagnosis of rectosigmoid endometriosis. Test sensitivity was 88.2 % (CI:63.6,98.5) and specificity was 98.2 % (CI:90.1,99.9). Overall diagnostic accuracy of the test was 95.8 % (CI:88.1,99.1). Conclusions In this large cohort of women at an American tertiary referral center undergoing evaluation for rectosigmoid endometriosis, LEUS demonstrated high PPV and NPV as well as excellent diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the LEUS findings provided important information to the referring gynecologic surgeon. This minimally-invasive imaging modality should be utilized in preoperative evaluation of women undergoing surgery for suspected or known endometriosis.
An experimental investigation on fluid transfer mechanisms in ultramafic rocks

Abstract Static annealing and crack-cook experiments were performed on wet and dry fabricated San Carlos olivine aggregates and a core of Balsam Gap dunite to investigate fluid infiltration mechanisms for low-permeability mantle rocks. Deionized water (30–40 μL) was added to cold-pressed olivine powders before hot-pressing to make wet samples; samples hot-pressed without added water are dry (
Deploying Human-Centered Machine Learning to Improve Adolescent Online Sexual Risk Detection Algorithms

As adolescents' engagement increases online, it becomes more essential to provide a safe environment for them. Although some apps and systems are available for keeping teens safer online, these approaches and apps do not consider the needs of parents and teens. We would like to improve adolescent online sexual risk detection algorithms. In order to do so, I'll conduct three research studies for my dissertation: 1) Qualitative analysis on teens posts on an online peer support platform about online sexual risks in order to gain deep understanding of online sexual risks 2) Train a machine learning approach to detect sexual risks based on teens conversations with sex offenders 3) develop a machine learning algorithm for detecting online sexual risks specialized for adolescents.
Inferior Alveolar and Lingual Nerve Injuries During Routine Dental Anesthesia: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

Inferior alveolar nerve blockade is one of the most common, yet technically difficult local procedures performed. Inadvertent injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve, resulting in persistent anesthesia, paresthesias, loss of taste, or pain in the distribution of these nerves, is more common than once thought. We report on two cases of lingual nerve injury during routine inferior alveolar nerve blockade. These cases are consistent with the hypotheses that direct nerve trauma, whether by nerve-needle contact or compression by anesthetic bolus, and the neurotoxic effects of specific anesthetic preparations may produce long term nerve damage. When this damage occurs to the pain-sensing A-delta and C-fibers, symptoms may resemble those seen in complex regional pain syndrome.
Calling for a Paradigm Shift in the Study of Gender in Engineering Education

Background: Dominant discourse regarding gender in engineering and engineering education relies on simplistic notions of gender as a rigid binary, which obscures the existence of transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people and the gender dynamics they experience. Purpose: This paper seeks to address the limits of the dominant gender discourse and research paradigm and propose new paths forward. This article calls researchers to intentionally transform their approach and framing of gender to create gender equity for all. Scope: An examination of existing literature in engineering education is put against prevailing theories of gender and human difference from across academia. The overwhelming majority of literature in the field exists within a reductive gender binary. TGNC students and professionals are largely invisible in engineering education research and theory and this exclusion causes harm to individuals as well as our community as a whole. Such exclusion is not limited to engineering contexts but is found to be a central component of systemic TGNC marginalization in higher education and in the United States. Discussion: We call for a substantive disciplinary shift towards studying the deep complexity of gender informed by, and accountable to, literature on gender theory, queer studies, and feminist research methodology. We propose interventions for engineering education researchers categorized into three levels: 1) Micro—to recognize gender diversity in engineering education; 2) Meso—to describe and analyze the experiences of TGNC students in research; and 3) Macro—to transform our discipline’s conceptualization and theoretical framing of gender.
Microscopic mechanisms of filament growth in memristor

The growth of a filament in an oxide medium with top electrode of Ag and bottom electrode of Pt is analyzed by considering the microscopic processes. The filament, either made up of Ag metal ions or oxygen vacancies, is considered to nucleate at the interface and grow under the influence of the applied electric field and injection of the defects from the interface. The flux of current is used to calculate the joule heating and the resulting temperature change in the filament after solving the thermal diffusion equation. In addition, the concentration of defects in the filament is evaluated from the equilibrium concentration and the loss of defects from the filament using the analytical solution to the mass diffusion equation. The rise in temperature, the concentration of defects, electrical current carried, and the height and radius of the filament are determined for several increments in time. The results showed that the growth of the filament is a complex process dependent on the several interdependent parameters. The important parameters are the initial concentration of defects, the applied voltage, activation energy for atomic jumps, free energy of formation of defects and the activation energy for diffusion. The numerical results are presented for ZnO with Ag top electrode and Pt bottom electrode by considering different choices of the parameters to illustrate their relative importance.