cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of microstructure geometry on pool boiling at superhydrophobic surfaces

Abstract Periodically patterned superhydrophobic surfaces with rectangular rib and circular post arrays were utilized as heat transfer surfaces in a boiling apparatus with the water pool undergoing saturated pool boiling. The surface microstructures were geometrically defined by cavity fraction (the ratio of projected cavity area to surface area), pitch (the center to center distance between microfeatures), and feature height. Surface heat flux and surface superheat, the difference between the heated surface and the pool saturation temperature, were measured for each surface. Ten different micropatterned surfaces with post or rib geometries were considered with cavity fraction varying from 0.5 to 0.98, pitch varying from 8 to 40 μ m, and microfeature height at 4 μ m or 15 μ m. The surface heat flux was measured across a range of surface superheats spanning 2–38 K. It is demonstrated for the first time that the transition from nucleate boiling to film boiling on rib patterned surfaces depends strongly on the cavity fraction. Increasing the microstructure height from 4 μ m to 15 μ m modestly increases the transition temperature. Nucleate boiling is more suppressed on post patterned surfaces than on rib patterned surfaces. Further, the rib structured surfaces exhibit a sudden transition from nucleate to film boiling while the post structured surfaces exhibit a gradual transition, with the vapor film growing slowly across the surface. Once stable film boiling is reached, the surface microstructure negligibly influences the heat flux for all surfaces.
Innovative nanofiber technology to improve carbon dioxide biofixation in microalgae cultivation.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop nanofibers containing nanoparticles with potential for the biological fixation of CO2 together with the microalgae Chlorella fusca LEB 111. An electrospinning technique was used for the production of polymeric nanofibers with different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% (w v−1). Nanofibers with a nanoparticle concentration of 4% (w v−1) were selected for use in the microalgal cultivation due to their smaller diameter (434 nm), high specific surface area (13.8 m2 g−1) and higher CO2 adsorption capacity (164.2 mg g−1). The microalgae C. fusca LEB 111 presented a higher CO2 biofixation rate of 216.2 mg L−1 d−1 when cultivated with these nanofibers. The results demonstrated the potential of electrospun nanofibers as physical adsorbents of CO2 since they can increase the contact time between the gas and the microorganism and consequently increase the CO2 biofixation by the microalgae.
BAYESIAN QUICKEST CHANGE POINT DETECTION WITH MULTIPLE CANDIDATES OF POST-CHANGE MODELS

We study the quickest change point detection for systems with multiple possible post-change models. A change point is the time instant at which the distribution of a random process changes. We consider the case that the post-change model is from a finite set of possible models. Under the Bayesian setting, the objective is to minimize the average detection delay (ADD), subject to upper bounds on the probability of false alarm (PFA). The proposed algorithm is a threshold-based sequential test. With asymptotic analysis, the analytical ADD of the proposed algorithm is expressed as closed-form functions of the PFA, prior probabilities of change points and models, and the Kullback-Leibler divergences among various models. The proposed algorithm is shown to be asymptotically optimum in terms of ADD when the PFA tends to zero.
Characterization and comparison of cell-mediated immune responses following ex vivo stimulation with viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens in stressed and unstressed beef calves1.

The goal of this study was to compare the cell-mediated immune responses of highly commingled, sale-barn origin calves (STR; n = 10) to those of single source calves that had been weaned for 60 d (UNS; n = 10). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and neutrophils (PMNs) were isolated from jugular venous blood of each calf. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Concanavalin A (ConA), BVDV-1, BVDV-2, BHV-1, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida and evaluated for clonal proliferation and secretion of IL-8 into cell culture supernatants. The native functional capacities of PMNs were evaluated in response to stimulation with heat-killed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Complete blood counts and serum biochemical profiles were performed for each animal at the time of sample collection. Compared with STR calves, UNS calves had greater lymphocyte proliferative responses following stimulation BVDV1 (P = 0.041), BVDV2 (P = 0.002), BHV-1 (P = 0.001), M. haemolytica (P = 0.016), and P. multocida (P = 0.049). In addition, PMNs isolated from UNS calves had a greater ability to phagocytose E. coli (P = 0.001) and S. aureus (P = 0.003) when compared with STR calves. Serum nonesterified fatty acids were higher in STR calves (P < 0.001). Serum β-hydroxybutyrate was lower in STR calves (P < 0.003). These data suggest that immunologic and physiologic differences exist between STR and UNS calves. Although the underlying mechanisms for these differences are not clear, it is possible that combinations of energy imbalances, stress-induced immunosuppression, and general immune naivete may predispose STR calves to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to bovine respiratory disease.
Application of the Extended Corresponding States Method to the Calculation of the Ammonia–Water Mixture Thermodynamic Surface

The paper presents an application of the one-fluid extended corresponding states method to the calculation of the thermodynamic surface of the ammonia–water mixture. Each pure component of the mixture is considered as a reference fluid, and to test the behavior of the model in wide ranges of temperature and pressure, the Haar–Gallagher and the Prus–Wagner equations of state were chosen for pure ammonia and water, respectively. To avoid numerical problems during the calculation of the pure-component equivalent substance reducing ratios (or scaling factors), a method based on the mapping defined by the extended corresponding states algorithm and two-dimensional interpolation is proposed. The estimation of the binary interaction parameters was performed using the general case of the least squares method, i.e., the case when all measurements (observations) and unknowns are subject to uncertainty and are adjusted simultaneously with the constraint equations. The results show a strong temperature and composition dependence of both interaction parameters for the liquid, as well as for the vapor phase. A formulation for the binary interaction parameters as continuous functions of these variables was also derived and optimized using the structural optimization and regression analysis. The final statistical quality of the approach presented in the paper was assessed using the available data on thermophysical properties of the mixture.
Sharing results of federal R&D: A look at the department of energy's system for managing scientific and technical information

Abstract The Department of Energy's (DOE) scientific and technical information system, operational since the mid-1940s, is described as an example of the manner by which a large Federal RD access to worldwide information on energy RD information management and accountability systems; and information consulting and specialized services.
Makerspaces and Entrepreneurship: The Effect of Team Dynamics and Prototyping Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Performance

Effective prototyping is becoming increasingly important in bridging engineering and entrepreneurship. Makerspaces are at the forefront of this development. Drawing from data on an interdisciplinary entrepreneurship program that included peer-reviews and faculty/advisor assessments, we examine how prototyping in combination with team process and composition affect entrepreneurial performance. Our results found that more gender-balanced teams exhibit a higher level of constructive conflict, which leads to higher prototyping efficacy. Prototyping efficacy, in turn, leads to higher entrepreneurial performance. We conclude our study with a discussion of the implications of our findings for entrepreneurship (education).
Myocardial Energetics in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background: The role of coronary microvascular disease and its impact on functional and energetic reserve in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. We hypothesized ...
The impact of third-country exchange rate risk on international air travel flows: The case of Korean outbound tourism demand

Abstract While the relationship between exchange rate risk and trading activity has been studied extensively, little attention has been paid to assessing exchange rate volatility in a travel demand model. This paper aims to examine the short- and long-run effects of real income, population, exchange rate, and exchange rate volatility on tourist flows from South Korea to Japan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and the US. To analyze the impacts of third-country exchange rate risk factors, this study takes into consideration two measures of real exchange rate volatility: the GARCH-based measure and the standard deviation of real exchange rates. The long-run results show that income growth in South Korea is driving the rising number of Korean outbound tourists, while real exchange rate has little impact on outbound tourism demand in South Korea. More importantly, the third-country effects of exchange rate volatility are found to be significant for the selected tourism destinations. An increase in third-country exchange rate risk tends to have a positive impact on Korean outbound tourism demand for the selected destinations, indicating that risk-averse Korean outbound tourists choose destinations where exchange rates are less volatile compared to destinations where they are more volatile. This study also finds evidence that Korean outbound tourists are less responsive to third-country exchange rate risk in the short run.
Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler Radar

This paper presents millimeter wave (MMW) pulse-Doppler radar for the remote sensing of acoustic vibration for targets in motion. A key advance in this work is the development of precision motion compensation for MMW vibrometry, making it possible for a monostatic radar to extract and reproduce small-scale vibrations on platforms undergoing large-scale motion. The motion compensation methodology uses a hierarchical approach combining direct and indirect estimation for the time dependent variation of target motion parameters across coherent samples in radar fast time and slow time. Additionally, the wide bandwidth commonly available at MMW allows vibrations to be selectively detected and disambiguated in range across the length of moving targets. Stretch processing compresses the received radar bandwidth by more than 10x, so that Hilbert sampling can be used to acquire quadrature samples using a single analog-to-digital converter. The resulting complex baseband response directly reproduces the target’s acoustic signature. To demonstrate the technique, a 94 GHz pulsed linear frequency modulated (LFM) radar accurately reproduces the pitch of audio waveforms generated by a speaker in the rear of an accelerating automobile at an outdoor test range. These results should have major consequences for the development of MMW vibrometry as a remote sensing technique.
HilD, HilC, and RtsA form homodimers and heterodimers to regulate expression of the salmonella pathogenicity island i type iii secretion system

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonizes and invades host intestinal epithelial cells using the type three secretion system (T3SS) encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). The level of SPI1 T3SS gene expression is controlled by the transcriptional activator HilA, encoded on SPI1. Expression of hilA is positively regulated by three homologous transcriptional regulators, HilD, HilC, and RtsA, belonging to the AraC/XylS family. These regulators also activate the hilD, hilC, and rtsA genes by binding to the same DNA sequences upstream of these promoters, forming a complex feed-forward loop to control SPI1 expression. Despite the apparent redundancy in function, HilD has a unique role in SPI1 regulation because the majority of external regulatory inputs act exclusively through HilD. To better understand SPI1 regulation, the nature of interaction between HilD, HilC, and RtsA has been characterized using biochemical and genetic techniques. Our results showed that HilD, HilC, and RtsA can form heterodimers as well as homodimers in solution. Comparison with other AraC family members identified a putative α-helix in the N-terminal domain, which acts as the dimerization domain. Alanine substitution in this region results in reduced dimerization of HilD and HilC and also affects their ability to activate hilA expression. The dimer interactions of HilD, HilC, and RtsA add another layer of complexity to the SPI1 regulatory circuit, providing a more comprehensive understanding of SPI1 T3SS regulation and Salmonella pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE The SPI1 type three secretion system is a key virulence factor required for Salmonella to both cause gastroenteritis and initiate serious systemic disease. The system responds to numerous environmental signals in the intestine, integrating this information via a complex regulatory network. Here, we show that the primary regulatory proteins in the network function as both homodimers and heterodimers, providing information regarding both regulation of virulence in this important pathogen and general signal integration to control gene expression.
Modeling the Effects of Mergers in Procurement: Addendum

This addendum clarifies the notation used in the Miller (2014) model of mergers in procurement. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the model and notation of that article.
Initial Findings of Delirium Screening Using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium at a Large, Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Title: Initial Findings of Delirium Screening Using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) at a Large, Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Background: Delirium, which is associated with significant potential morbidity and mortality, has been under-recognized in critically ill children. The Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) is a validated screening tool. Application of this tool as a manual paper screening tool in our pediatric ICU began in Spring 2018. Objectives: Describe initial findings of delirium screening and assess effects of training/educational interventions …
Maximum Likelihood Estimation for an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Model for Neural Activity

The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process arises from a leaky stochastic integrate-and-fire model of the membrane potential of a neuron, in which its firing corresponds to the first time the process hits a barrier. We address the problem of estimating the parameters of the underlying process when the available data are the neuron’s successive spikes, or spike train. The first-hitting time density is not tractable, so we use its Laplace transform to determine the identifiable parameters of the model, show that their maximum likelihood estimates are consistent and asymptotically normal, and describe computational methods to obtain the estimates and their standard errors.
Redirected Tilting: Eliciting Postural Changes with a Rotational Self-Motion Illusion

In this paper, we propose a potential cybersickness mitigation technique, redirected tilting, and conduct an exploratory virtual reality (VR) study to determine whether it is possible to visually induce head tilt during virtual locomotion. Redirected tilting involves rotating the virtual environment (VE) towards the turning direction around the VR headset’s roll axis, which we hypothesize could lead users to tilt their bodies in the same direction and maintain balance during curved paths. Unlike previous techniques, like field of view (FOV) restriction or rest frames, this method could potentially reduce cybersickness by manipulating egocentric self-motion rather than modifying visual characteristics of the VE. As an initial exploration, we conducted a within-subjects study with 30 participants to evaluate the effect of redirected tilting on postural behavior. The results showed that the proposed technique was successful in eliciting head tilt, although the magnitude of rotation was not as large as we had expected. We conclude that further investigation is needed to understand the mechanics, ideal parameters, and applications of redirected tilting.
Evaluation of a cow-side calcium test for determination of subclinical hypocalcemia in early postpartum cows

Clinical hypocalcemia is an important and prevalent metabolic disease of dairy cows. Subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) has been defined as animals that do not have clinical signs, but serum concentrations of either total calcium <2.2 mmol/L or ionized calcium (iCa) <1 mmol/L. Recent work has shown that SCH in the first week of lactation is associated with reduced milk production and increased risk of displaced abomasum. Currently, various calcium products are marketed to maintain blood calcium levels. A rapid cow-side iCa test would allow targeted treatment of cows with SCH. The primary objective was to evaluate the performance of a new cow-side blood calcium meter for test characteristics and usability in the field. Additionally, we aimed to describe the relationship of SCH at different time points with postpartum diseases, including hoof lesions.
A narrative review of nutrient based indexes to assess diet quality and the proposed total nutrient index that reflects total dietary exposures

A priori dietary indices provide a standardized, reproducible way to evaluate adherence to dietary recommendations across different populations. Existing nutrient-based indices were developed to reflect food/beverage intake; however, given the high prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use and its potentially large contribution to nutrient intakes for those that use them, exposure classification without accounting for DS is incomplete. The purpose of this article is to review existing nutrient-based indices and describe the development of the Total Nutrient Index (TNI), an index developed to capture usual intakes from all sources of under-consumed micronutrients among the U.S. population. The TNI assesses U.S. adults' total nutrient intakes relative to recommended nutrient standards for eight under-consumed micronutrients identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: calcium, magnesium, potassium, choline, and vitamins A, C, D, E. The TNI is scored from 0 to 100 (truncated at 100). The mean TNI score of U.S. adults (≥19 y; n = 9,954) based on dietary data from NHANES 2011-2014, was 75.4; the mean score for the index ignoring DS contributions was only 69.0 (t-test; p < 0.001). The TNI extends existing measures of diet quality by including nutrient intakes from all sources and was developed for research, monitoring, and policy purposes.
Survival benefit with resection of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma in the setting of molecular targeted therapy and/or immune therapy.

Abstract Patient survival with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved with the use of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy. Given the potential activity of these agents in treating brain metastases, the role of aggressive local management with surgery and/or radiation may diminish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of aggressive local therapy for RCC brain metastasis in the setting of molecular targeted agents and/or checkpoint inhibitor therapy. A retrospective single-center review between 2011-2018 identified patients that developed brain metastasis from RCC. Data analyzed included demographic information, systemic treatments, intracranial interventions, progression free survival and overall survival (OS). Of 1194 patients, 108(9.0%) were diagnosed with brain metastasis from RCC. OS from diagnosis of brain metastasis (OSBM) was 12.3 months. OSBM was analyzed based on three treatment groups: systemic therapy (ST) only (2.0 months, n = 23), systemic and radiotherapy (RT + ST) (12.3 months, n = 52), and systemic and radiotherapy plus resection (Surg + RT + ST) (21.7 months, n = 33). Survival benefit was seen with Surg + RT + ST compared to ST (P = 0.001), but not RT + ST (P = 0.081). Progression free survival was significantly prolonged with Surg + RT + ST compared to RT + ST (10.9 vs 5.9 months, respectively, P = 0.04). Variables such as performance status and number of brain metastases at the time of brain metastasis diagnosis did not differ significantly. In the setting of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy, resection may benefit the appropriate surgical candidate. Prospective clinical trials are necessary to better understand the role of aggressive RCC brain metastasis treatment. Micro Abstract • Renal cell brain metastasis is often excluded from studies and brain metastases effect a large portion of RCC patients. • Retrospective study of 1194 RCC patients, 108 patients had brain metastasis, determination of the role of surgical resection in the setting of recent advances in checkpoint inhibitors. • A benefit was seen in overall survival in patients that had surgical while undergoing radiation therapy and systemic therapies. • In the setting of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy, resection may benefit the appropriate surgical candidate(s).
ECG changes resulting from cerebral stimulation

Abstract In order to assess the influences of the diencephalon and mesencephalon on the control of heart rhythm, 24 adult beagle dogs were lightly anesthetized with Surital sodium, and stimulating electrodes were guided stereotaxically into regions of the diencephalon and mesencephalon previously shown to elicit sympathetic responses. Symmetrical biphasic pulses of 1 to 2 Ma. were delivered to these loci while the ECG was recorded from Standard Lead II. Electrical stimulation elicited a spectrum of ectopic ventricular rhythms. Observed in sequence were ventricular tachycardia, both unifocal and multifocal, ventricular premature contractions in bigeminal pattern, and fusion contractions followed by a return to sinus rhythm. Although the entire spectrum was not evoked in all experiments, the sequence of these abnormal rhythms was consistently the same. When an initial stimulus failed to elicit a response, an increase in intensity usually evoked the entire spectrum. Bilateral vagotomy had no effect on the response; however, it was completely abolished by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (1 mg. per kilogram). These data demonstrate that the type of arrhythmia observed is directly related to the intensity of sympathetic discharge, and that all abnormal ventricular complexes observed in the clinic can be elicited.
Socioeconomic Context and Emotional‐Behavioral Achievement Links: Concurrent and Prospective Associations Among Low‐ and High‐Income Youth

Temporal associations in the relationship between emotional-behavioral difficulty and academic achievement were explored in 2 samples followed from 6th through 8th grade. The first sample comprised 280 students entering an economically disadvantaged urban middle school and the second comprised 318 students entering an affluent suburban middle school. Among disadvantaged youth, emotional indices were concurrently associated with poorer achievement while prospective associations between substance use and achievement were evident. For privileged adolescents, only a significant concurrent relationship emerged between social anxiety and achievement, although nonsignificant trends in the data suggest other, albeit weak, associations. The findings are discussed in terms of similarities and differences in these temporal associations across 2 samples representing extremes of the socioeconomic continuum.
Atomic Physics through Astrophysics

Astronomical environments encompass an extreme range of physical conditions of temperature, density, pressure and radiation fields and unusual situations abound. In my lecture, I will describe some of the objects found in the Universe and discuss the atomic processes that occur.
Identification of an Interferon-γ Receptor α Chain Sequence Required for JAK-1 Binding

We have shown previously that a four-amino acid block residing at positions 266-269 (LPKS) in the intracellular domain of the human interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor α chain is critical for IFN-γ-dependent tyrosine kinase activation and biologic response induction. Herein we show that this sequence is required for the constitutive attachment of the tyrosine kinase JAK-1. Using a vaccinia expression system, a receptor α chain-specific monoclonal antibody coprecipitated JAK-1 from cells coexpressing JAK-1 and either (a) wild type IFN-γ receptor α chain, (b) a receptor α chain truncation mutant containing only the first 59 intracellular domain amino acids, or (c) a receptor mutant containing alanine substitutions for the functionally irrelevant residues 272-275. In contrast, JAK-1 was not coprecipitated when coexpressed with a receptor α chain mutant containing alanine substitutions for the functionally critical residues 266-269 (LPKS). Mutagenesis of the LPKS sequence revealed that Pro-267 is the only residue obligatorily required for receptor function. In addition, Pro-267 is required for JAK-1 binding. These results thus identify a site in the IFN-γ receptor α chain required for constitutive JAK-1 association and establish that this association is critical for IFN-γ signal transduction.
Creating an internet and multimedia technology program in a computer science department

This paper describes the three-year process of creating a new Internet and Multimedia Technology associate's degree and certificate program at the Essex Campus of the Community College of Baltimore County (CCBC Essex). Program growth, student progress, and difficulties are described.
Isotope ratios of uranium using high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Actinide element isotope ratios have been determined in environmental samples using high resolution ICP-MS with ultrasonic nebulization. Precisions as low as 0.1% RSD have been achieved using various methods of acquisition. The methodology has been used for environmental monitoring of uranium isotope ratios as an indicator of nuclear activity. Also, it has been applied to calcite dating studies as a measure of past geochemical disturbances.
Systolic L-U decomposition array with a new reciprocal cell

A systolic architecture for L-U decomposition using a recently developed reciprocal cell is presented. The arithmetic of this new cell is based on second-order polynomial interpolation, which results in high speed and inherent stability in inversion. In part, the speed of the cell is realized by use of a special empirical mapping. For the 16-b mantissa of a floating point number, the lookup table size required is 64 words, and the RMS value of the error is approximately one-third of the LSB of the 16-b result. >
The Leaders for Manufacturing Program: a new type of industry/university consortium

A description is given of the Leaders for Manufacturing Program, an innovative program being conducted jointly by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's School of Management and School of Engineering. The program represents a partnership between MIT and eleven major US corporations. It includes a graduate, dual-degree master's program as well as a research program in manufacturing. The vision and mission of the program, some of the details of the academic and research agendas, and the structure and operation of the partnership between the two schools at MIT and the eleven industrial partners are described. >
Clathrin assembly proteins AP180 and CALM in the embryonic rat brain

Clathrin-coated vesicles are known to play diverse and pivotal roles in cells. The proper formation of clathrin-coated vesicles is dependent on, and highly regulated by, a large number of clathrin assembly proteins. These assembly proteins likely determine the functional specificity of clathrin-coated vesicles, and together they control a multitude of intracellular trafficking pathways, including those involved in embryonic development. In this study, we focus on two closely related clathrin assembly proteins, AP180 and CALM (clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein), in the developing embryonic rat brain. We find that AP180 begins to be expressed at embryonic day 14 (E14), but only in postmitotic cells that have acquired a neuronal fate. CALM, on the other hand, is expressed as early as E12, by both neural stem cells and postmitotic neurons. In vitro loss-of-function studies using RNA interference (RNAi) indicate that AP180 and CALM are dispensable for some aspects of embryonic neurogenesis but are required for the growth of postmitotic neurons. These results identify the developmental stage of AP180 and CALM expression and suggest that each protein has distinct functions in neural development.
Thermal Analysis of Primary Cylindrical Lithium Cells

The validity of the present methodology was checked by comparing the predicted heat generation rates with those obtained from electrochemical heating. Predicted results showed that internal cell temperatures would exceed the melting point of sulfur, 112°C, in 2 min and that of lithium, 180.5°C, in 4.8 min at extremely high discharge rates. The core temperature exceeded the melting point of sulfur at t=108 min at moderate discharge rates while the wall temperature remained well below that
Analysis of immediate-early transcripts of equine cytomegalovirus.

Abstract Equine cytomegalovirus (ECMV) contains a linear, double-stranded DNA genome composed of a 146-kbp unique region flanked by a pair of 18-kbp direct repeat (DR) sequences at the termini. Cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and phosphonoacetic acid were applied to infected cell cultures to divide viral transcription into immediate-early (IE), early, and late phases. Eight IE transcripts were identified and mapped to two regions (I and II) of the viral genome. Two of these IE RNAs (13.0 and 5.5 kb in size) were transcribed from region I, which is located within the DR regions; these IE genes are diploid. The other IE transcripts (17.0, 9.0, 7.2, 6.8, 4.5, and 4.2 kb) originated from region II. IE region II is adjacent to region I and spans both unique and DR sequences at the left terminus of the genome. Region II IE transcripts are spliced and transcribed in the opposite direction from region I IE transcripts. IE transcripts from region I were present throughout the replication cycle, whereas those from region If were more abundant during the IE stage than at the early and late stages of infection. These studies demonstrate that ECMV differs from other herpesviruses in the organization and unusually large transcription units of its IE genes.
Frontogenesis over a Mountain Ridge

The interaction of developing two-dimensional cold and warm frontal systems with a mesoscale mountain ridge is examined. The basic equations and a scale analysis which isolates the parameters that describe the flow are discussed, and the governing equations and techniques used to solve the problem are presented. Frontal development in the absence of topography and features of the steady mountain flow field are considered. Model results are presented on the interaction of cold and warm fronts with topography.
Resolving a Catch-22 in Cardiac Gene Regulation

You have a big heart.” These five words have almost as many implications. Being big hearted can describe a generous and giving nature. In a different context, Secretariat's heart was unusually large because he carried an X-linked gene1 conferring on him rare physiological attributes that in 1973 propelled him to thoroughbred horse racing's Triple Crown. When the same declaration occurs between cardiologist and patient, however, the connotation is overwhelmingly negative. Heart enlargement from cardiac hypertrophy or dilated cardiomyopathy is a powerful positive predictor of morbidity and mortality.2,3 Accordingly, efforts to more fully understand the molecular underpinnings of structural and functional cardiac remodeling have been a major focus of basic cardiovascular research since genetic reprogramming was first mechanistically linked to cardiac hypertrophy.4,5 Over the past 25 years major transcriptional controls for pathological cardiac gene expression have been defined and suggested novel genetic approaches to control or reverse hypertrophy.6 Article see p 2751 Our conceptual understanding of the relationship between cardiac gene expression and physiotype derives from the common view that transcriptional regulation of genes determines expression of messenger RNAs (mRNA) that encode myocardial proteins. Recent evidence for epigenetic regulation by microRNAs has revised this linear paradigm. MicroRNAs adjust transcript abundance by binding to complementary sequences of target mRNAs, inducing their destruction, or blocking their translation (reviewed in 7). Clinical and experimental evidence implicates microRNAs as an important component of genetic reprogramming in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Ongoing efforts targeting microRNAs show potential therapeutic efficacy.8 Based primarily on large-scale microarray analyses, it is estimated that the heart expresses 300 to 400 microRNAs (of ≈1000 known) at meaningful levels. Of these, levels of >200 cardiac microRNAs are regulated in cardiac pressure overload, ischemia, or failure.9 The details of these regulatory events will …
A polarimetric search for fine structure on Jupiter's disk

Abstract Numerous polarimetric scans along the central meridian of Jupiter were made in good seeing in the ultraviolet (λ = 0.37 μm) on two nights in 1973 and one night in 1974 when the planet was close to opposition. The data show no detailed polarization features on the disk which differ from the radial pattern previously reported. The degree of polarization at the north and south limbs was the same within error of measurement and the mean direction of the plane of polarization was parallel to the meridian within one or two degrees. No unusual polarization was found when the Red Spot crossed the meridian under the scan line.
Successful Management of Penetrating Injury to the Aortopulmonary Window

previously healthy 35-year-old man presented with Apenetrating injuries to the left hand and anterior chest after an assault with a nail gun. The nails entered along the lateral left palm and left parasternal border (Fig 1). The patient remained hemodynamically stable and demonstrated no respiratory distress, hemoptysis, tachypnea, or hypoxia. Computed tomographic angiography demonstrated a 7.7-cm nail protruding through the left aspect of the manubrium with the nail tip projecting into the aortopulmonary window, under the aortic arch and above the main pulmonary artery, with no evidence of vessel injury. Given the location and length of the nail,
Patients’ attitudes toward medical student participation in a dermatology clinic

To study the attitudes of patients toward medical student participation in a dermatology clinic, we surveyed 208 volunteer adult outpatients at a university setting. Almost all patients (98.5%) had no preference regarding medical student participation in their care or prefer medical student participation in their care. The majority of patients (84.5%) felt comfortable disclosing personal information to the medical student. Most patients (94.2%) enjoyed the interaction with the medical student, 22% of patients wanted time alone with the physician, and 91.8% of patients agreed that the students understood their health care needs. The majority of patients in this study enjoyed their interactions with the students and felt comfortable disclosing information. Some patients want to spend time alone with the physician. Permission for medical student participation should be requested.
Multi-axis Semi-active Vibration Control using Magnetorheological Technology

Parallel platform mechanisms with six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) are ideal candidates for precision positioning applications. Many of the precision positioning applications are located in environment...
Enhanced flux pinning and critical current density via incorporation of self-assembled rare-earth barium tantalate nanocolumns within YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ films

We report rare earth barium tantalates, Ba2RETaO6 (BRETO, RE = rare earth elements) as a new class of additives for superior flux-pinning in YBa2Cu3O7- (YBCO) films. BRETO compounds have excellent chemical inertness to and large lattice mismatch with YBCO. This results in phase separation and strain minimization driven self-assembly of BRETO nanocolumns within YBCO films. YBCO+4 vol% Ba2GdTaO6 films show similar Tc to that of an un-doped film of ~ 88.3 K, a higher self-field Jc of 3.8 MA/cm2 at 77 K, and significantly improved in-field Jc higher by a factor of 1.5-6 over entire magnetic field and angular ranges.
The political crowd: Theorizing popular revolt in North Africa

This paper uses an interdisciplinary approach to show why Western social scientific explanations of political crowds in North Africa and the Arab Middle East have failed to provide an understanding of the causes and effects of popular revolt. I trace these misunderstandings to an inherited body of European writings on crowd theory and on Islamic and Muslim political power. Some scholars who have also criticized mainstream analysis of the so-called “Arab Street” are shown as relevant to a new understanding of political crowds.
Abstract 2420: Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing survivin combined with gemcitabine generates specific antitumor effects in a murine pancreatic carcinoma model

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Survivin is overexpressed by 70-80% of pancreatic cancers, and is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and a poor prognosis. Gemcitabine has been a standard treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer for a decade. Recent reports have demonstrated that gemcitabine treatment attenuates the tumor-suppressive environment by eliminating CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). It may also enhance the effect of cancer vaccines. The highly attenuated strain of vaccinia, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) has been employed as a vaccine vector to deliver a tumor associated antigen, and MVA vaccines have demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and evidence of clinical benefit in patients with cancer. We hypothesize that a cancer vaccine targeting survivin can achieve enhanced efficacy when use in combination with gemcitabine. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using an MVA expressing full-length murine survivin. The poorly immunogenic mouse pancreas adenocarcinoma cell line, Pan02, which express murine survivin and syngeneic to C57BL/6, was used for this study. To develop an established tumor model, mice were challenged with 2.5 × 105 Pan02 cells by subcutaneous injection. When the tumors were palpable and reached 4 to 5 mm in diameter, mice were immunized twice at a 1-week interval with 5 × 107 pfu of MVA-survivin or control MVA. Immunization with MVA-survivin resulted in a modest therapeutic antitumor effect on established Pan02 tumors. Gemcitabine (60mg/kg) was administrated 48 hours before first immunization. Mice treated with a control MVA or PBS with gemcitabine all died of progressive tumor by day 35. When administered with gemcitabine, MVA-survivin immunization resulted in significant tumor regression and prolonged survival. The enhanced vaccine efficacy is in part due to decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+ MDSCs. To analyze the survivin specific immune response to MVA-survivin immunization, we utilized a peptide library of 15mers with 11 residues overlapping from full-length murine survivin. Splencytes from mice immunized with MVA-survivin produced intracellular γ-interferon in response to in vitro stimulation with the overlapping peptide library. These data suggest that vaccination with MVA-survivin in combination with gemcitabine represents an attractive strategy to overcome tumor-induced peripheral immune tolerance, and this effect may be associated with a clinical benefit in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2420.
Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation

Abstract Published enthalpies of fusion and melting point temperatures have been gathered from the chemical literature and are presented in tabular form according to increasing carbon and hydrogen atom numbers. References are also provided to indicate the literature sources consulted.
Barricade building in Ilyoplax pusillus (De Haan) (Crustacea : Brachyura)

Abstract Ilyoplax pusillus (De Haan, 1835) was sometimes found to build an earthen structure, termed a barricade, close to its neighbour's burrow. Most barricaders were males > 6.4 mm in carapace width. Either males or females were barricaded and almost all of them were smaller than their barricaders. Burrow to burrow distance between a barricader and its barricaded neighbour ranged from 1.6 to 7.2 cm. The home range of a barricaded crab was biased toward the areas devoid of the barricade, i.e. to other directions than the barricader's burrow, in either the presence or absence of the barricader. When a barricade was removed, the crab freed from it extended its home range towards the barricader's burrow. If the crab freed from a barricade moved towards the barricader, the former was frequently repelled by the latter. These findings suggest that barricades function as an aid to territorial defence by deterring invasion by a neighbour.
Invertebrate models of fungal infection

The morbidity, mortality and economic burden associated with fungal infections, together with the emergence of fungal strains resistant to current antimicrobial agents, necessitate broadening our understanding of fungal pathogenesis and discovering new agents to treat these infections. Using invertebrate hosts, especially the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the model insects Drosophila melanogaster and Galleria mellonella, could help achieve these goals. The evolutionary conservation of several aspects of the innate immune response between invertebrates and mammals makes the use of these simple hosts an effective and fast screening method for identifying fungal virulence factors and testing potential antifungal compounds. The purpose of this review is to compare several model hosts that have been used in experimental mycology to-date and to describe their different characteristics and contribution to the study of fungal virulence and the detection of compounds with antifungal properties. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Animal Models of Disease.
A new heavy traffic limit for the asymmetric shortest queue problem

We consider the classic shortest queue problem in the heavy traffic limit. We assume that the second server works slowly and that the service rate of the first server is nearly equal to the arrival rate. Solving for the (asymptotic) joint steady state queue length distribution involves analyzing a backward parabolic partial differential equation, together with appropriate side conditions. We explicitly solve this problem. We thus obtain a two-dimensional approximation for the steady state queue length probabilities.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma

Several genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma have been elucidated in the past decade. In particular, the presence of two distinct karyotypic patterns, that identify two patient groups and drive different pathogenetic and prognostic paths in the development of myeloma, have been identified, and the role of reciprocal chromosomal translocations and cyclin dysregulation have been identified. Despite this progress, several questions of critical importance remain to be addressed for the understanding of the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. For example, little is known about the role of the primary events, including cyclin D overexpression and multiple myeloma set domain activity in the early pathogenesis of the disease. The additional lesions that promote the evolution of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma (MM) and, within MM, the progression toward a more aggressive and proliferative disease is only starting to emerge. The heterotypic relationship between the stroma and the MM plasma cells also has not been fully explored. The understanding of the biology of MM cancer stem cells and of the pathways driving their maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation is still in its infancy. Recent and ongoing high-resolution genomic studies are leading the way toward a more refined and conclusive understanding of this disease.
Software technologies in computer integrated manufacturing

Abstract This paper is a general “building blocks” level approach to CIM software technologies. Four software technologies: (1) Applications software packages, (2) Applications generators based on relational databases, (3) Knowledge based systems, and (4) Traditional programming are characterized and qualitatively compared as solutions to the problem of building CIM applications tailored to the needs of an individual manufacturer. Software reusability, interfacing and combination of the technologies is paid special attention. SA/SD data flow diagrams are used as a graphical description and modeling techniques both to describe general ideas and to describe software functions. A new idea of “CIMGLUE”, a general tool to make representation conversion programs between almost any two software packages is suggested and the solution possibilities are outlined.
Photochemistry of group IV porphyrin halides

Abstract The photochemistry of early transition metal porphyrins (TPP)ZrX 2 and (TTP)TiCl (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin, TTP=tetratolylporphyrin, X=Br, Cl) was investigated. Chemical reduction and electrochemical studies indicated that the porphyrin macrocycle is more easily reduced than the metal centers. The same trend is observed under photochemical conditions of UV and near-UV excitation, where photoreduction of the porphyrin macrocycle is observed, as opposed to MX photoelimination.
P300 Clinical Utility and Control of Variability

The P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) has been used to study normal aging as well as patient populations with a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The P300 has demonstrated reasonable success as a means to assess disturbances in cognitive function, and its clinical utility has been enhanced by the identification of factors that contribute to the variability of ERP measurements. In this article, the neuropsychological theory of P300 is reviewed, ways in which this brain potential can be used as a measure of cognitive efficiency are defined, and methodologic issues that must be considered for successful clinical ERP applications are outlined. This approach is then extended to specific recommendations concerning the technical and practical aspects of P300 recording, so that a well-defined normative database can be developed for evaluating individual patients. When appropriate procedures are used, the P300 can provide a highly useful means to quantify human cognitive capability.
Conformation and bonding of five‐ and six‐coordinate rhodium complexes from ARCANA

Semiempirical LCAOMO calculations have been used to predict the conformation and bonding for fragments of large five- and six-coordinate rhodium (HI) complexes, ARCANA calculations were used to investigate the planar rhodiacycle fragment, tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)rhodiacyclopentadiene. Results are in good agreement with experiment and show that observed asymmetric rhodiacycle conformations are due to electronic effects. The ARCANA calculations are effective in predicting ligand bonding and lability for large highly charged transition metal complexes.