cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asian and Euro-American parents’ ethnotheories of play and learning: Effects on preschool children’s home routines and school behaviour

Asian and Euro-American parents of preschool-aged children were interviewed concerning their beliefs about the nature and purpose of play; they also completed two questionnaires and a diary of their children’s daily activities. The children’s teachers were interviewed and provided information about the behaviour of the children in preschool. The Euro-American parents were found to believe that play is an important vehicle for early development, while the Asian parents saw little developmental value in it. On the other hand, the Asian parents believed more strongly than the Euro-Americans in the importance of an early start in academic training for their children. These contrasting beliefs were instantiated in parental practices at home regarding the use of time and the provision of toys. At preschool, the Asian children were similar to the Euro-Americans on a standardised behavioural measure but they were described by their teachers as initially more academically advanced than the Euro-American children, ...
Comparative longevity in a college cohort of Christian Scientists.

The cumulative death rate of Christian Scientists who received an undergraduate college education at Principia College in Elsah, Ill, a liberal arts college for Christian Scientists, was compared with that of a control population that received an undergraduate college education in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Kansas in Lawrence. In this study, the cumulative death rate is expressed as the percentage of the graduating class known to have died as of June 1987. The study included the graduating classes from 1934 to 1983. The graduates from Principia College had a significantly higher death rate than the control population. ( JAMA . 1989;262:1657-1658)
The Genetics of Male Infertility in the Era of Genomics

The histories of progress in the fields of genetics and andrology are rich and include many breakthroughs. The era of genomics, initiated with the completion of the Human Genome Project, is upon us and offers many new tools for better understanding the genetics of male infertility. Genomic breakthroughs give us a better understanding of structural components of DNA, new types of genetic polymorphisms, regulation of gene expression, and the identity of genes involved in male infertility. The advances we have seen in genomics are key to facilitating some of the studies needed to gain a better understanding of the genetics of infertility, but researchers in this field can better maximize resources and tools through focused collaboration on studies of major issues.
The 3-Night Hospital Stay and Medicare Coverage for Skilled Nursing Care

According to current Medicare coverage policies, Medicare requires a patient to have been a hospital inpatient for at least 3 consecutive days to receive coverage for rehabilitation in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after hospital discharge. Consider the following 2 clinical scenarios. In the first, an 80-year-old man who falls at home and can no longer walk independently is evaluated in the emergency department but does not meet criteria for hospitalization. He needs rehabilitation in an SNF to regain his ability to walk but must be admitted to a hospital for 3 nights to qualify for Medicare payment for this rehabilitation. Without a 3-night stay, the patient or his family must either pay the cost of SNF care (about $430 per day), admit him to a nursing home (about $300 per day), or hire caregivers to support him at home ($20-$30 per hour). In the second scenario, a 90-year-old nursing home resident develops pneumonia and dehydration. The licensed practical nurse responsible for her care is overwhelmed by many sick residents and moreover cannot administer intravenous fluids. She asks the covering physician for a hospital transfer. If the resident is transferred to the hospital for 3 nights, costing Medicare about $12?300,1 she can return to the same nursing home under the SNF benefit for an additional $430 per day.
Gadolinium Contrast Agents for CNS Imaging: Current Concepts and Clinical Evidence

SUMMARY: The aim of this article was to review the properties of the various gadolinium-based contrast agents used for CNS imaging along with the clinical evidence and published data that highlight the impact these different properties can have on diagnostic performance. In addition, approaches to optimizing image acquisition that take into account the different properties of specific gadoliniumbased contrast agents and an extensive review of the safety profiles of the various agents are presented.
Accelerating Viola-Jones Face Detection to FPGA-Level Using GPUs

Face detection is an important aspect for biometrics, video surveillance and human computer interaction. We present a multi-GPU implementation of the Viola-Jones face detection algorithm that meets the performance of the fastest known FPGA implementation. The GPU design offers far lower development costs, but the FPGA implementation consumes less power. We discuss the performance programming required to realize our design, and describe future research directions.
GPCE-AX: An Anisotropic Extension to the Goerss Predicted Consensus Error in Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts

AbstractA method to predict an anisotropic expected forecast error distribution for consensus forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks is presented. The method builds upon the Goerss predicted consensus error (GPCE), which predicts the isotropic radius of the 70% isopleth of expected TC track error. Consensus TC track forecasts are computed as the mean of a collection of TC track forecasts from different models and are basin dependent. A novel aspect of GPCE is that it uses not only the uncertainty in the collection of constituent models to predict expected error, but also other features of the predicted storm, including initial intensity, forecast intensity, and storm speed. The new method, called GPCE along–across (GPCE-AX), takes a similar approach but separates the predicted error into across-track and along-track components. GPCE-AX has been applied to consensus TC track forecasts in the Atlantic (CONU/TVCN, where CONU is consensus version U and TVCN is the track variable consensus) and in the weste...
Alternative Techniques for Injecting Massive Quantities of Gas for Plasma-Disruption Mitigation

Injection of massive quantities of noble gases or D2 has proven to be effective at mitigating some of the deleterious effects of disruptions in tokamaks. Two alternative methods that might offer some advantages over the present technique for massive gas injection are ?shattering? massive pellets and employing close-coupled rupture disks. Laboratory testing has been carried out to evaluate their feasibility. For the study of massive pellets, a pipe-gun pellet injector cooled with a cryogenic refrigerator was fitted with a relatively large barrel (16.5-mm bore), and D2 and Ne pellets were made and were accelerated to speeds of ~ 600 and 300 m/s, respectively. Based on the successful proof-of-principle testing with the injector and a special double-impact target to shatter pellets, a similar system has been prepared and installed on DIII-D, with preliminary experiments already carried out. To study the applicability of rupture disks for disruption mitigation, a simple test apparatus was assembled in the laboratory. Commercially available rupture disks of 1-in nominal diameter were tested at conditions relevant for the application on tokamaks, including tests with Ar and He gases and rupture pressures of ~ 54 bar. Some technical and practical issues of implementing this technique on a tokamak are discussed.
Properties of the MIMO radar ambiguity function

MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) radar is an emerging technology which has drawn considerable attention. Unlike the traditional SIMO (single-input multiple-output) radar, which transmits scaled versions of a single waveform in the antenna elements, the MIMO radar transmits independent waveforms in each of the antenna elements. It has been shown that MIMO radar systems have many advantages such as high spatial resolution, improved parameter identifiability, and enhanced flexibility for transmit beampattern design. In the traditional SIMO radar, the range and Doppler resolutions can be characterized by the radar ambiguity function. It is a major tool for studying and analyzing radar signals. Recently, the ambiguity function has been extended to the MIMO radar case. In this paper, some mathematical properties of the MIMO radar ambiguity function are derived. These properties provide insights into the MIMO radar waveform design.
Benefit imbalances among credit union member groups: evidence of borrower-dominated, saver-dominated and neutral behaviour?

Theoretical models of credit union (CU) behaviour suggest that CUs may be saver-dominated, borrower-dominated, or neutral. A CU is dominated if it is operated for the benefit of one member group at the expense of the other. Neutral behaviour occurs when a CU is managed so that both member groups are equally benefited. This empirical study develops a direct measure of the monetary benefits to each member group and tests for the existence of dominated behaviour among US CUs in 1984 and 1985. Evidence of dominated and neutral behaviour is found and the operating characteristics of these distinct organizational forms are generally consistent with theoretical expectations.
Graphical methods for reaction distribution in a reactive distillation column

Visual methods of determining how to distribute reaction zones within a binary reactive distillation column were studied using both the Ponchon–Savarit and McCabe–Thiele methods modified to account for the reaction. Two types of reactions are compatible with a totally binary system: isomerization and dimerization. For isomerization with a heavy reactant and a light product, both diagrams indicate the potential for a pinch point if the reaction zone is in the stripping section and no such potential if the zone is in the rectifying section. These same diagrams show that the column will have fewer stages and less usage of utility to yield the same final top and bottom products with the reaction in the rectifying section. The situation reverses if the reactant is the light species for isomerization, suggesting reaction should then take place in the stripping section. The heat effect from the isomerization reaction is considered for four cases depending on whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Even if the heat of the isomerization is dominant, the results do not change: with a heavy reactant and a light product, the separation performance is better when the reaction takes place in the rectifying section. In the dimerization reaction, where two light reactants form a heavy product, the light reactant enriches as we go down the column and the composition profile is reversed in a Ponchon–Savarit diagram with the reaction in the rectifying section even if there is no pinch point. Results on the location of reaction zones are confirmed by rigorous simulations.
Modifiable Factors Associated With Improved Cardiac Arrest Survival in a Multicenter Basic Life Support/Defibrillation System: OPALS Study Phase I Results ☆ ☆☆ ★ ★★ ♢

Abstract Study objectives: This study was conducted to identify modifiable factors associated with survival for prehospital cardiac arrest in a large, multicenter EMS system with basic life support/defibrillation (BLS-D) level of care. Methods: This observational cohort study constitutes Phase I of the 3-phase Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support (OPALS) Study. Included were all adults who had cardiac arrest before EMS arrival in 21 urban/suburban communities that operate under the jurisdiction of 1 ambulance services branch, have 911 telephone service, and provide ambulance defibrillation but no prehospital advanced life support (ALS). Central dispatch and ambulance records were reviewed according to the Utstein guidelines. Associations between multiple patient and EMS factors and survival to discharge were assessed by univariate then stepwise logistic regression analyses. Results: From January 1, 1991, to January 31, 1995, 5,335 eligible patients were treated. Of these, 46.8% of cardiac arrests were witnessed by citizens, 14.5% received bystander CPR, 25.6% received CPR by fire or police, and 38.2% had an initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT). The mean interval from call received to vehicle stopped was 6.7 minutes. Survival was 3.5% overall and 8.8% for VF/VT. Multivariate analysis found the following factors to be independently associated with survival (odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals): age .81 (.73, .89), bystander-witnessed arrest 4.05 (2.78, 5.90), bystander CPR 2.98 (2.07, 4.29), CPR by fire or police 2.20 (1.46, 3.31), and response interval call received to vehicle stopped .76 (.71, .82). Conclusion: This represents the largest multicenter BLS-D study of prehospital cardiac arrest yet conducted and clearly indicates that patient survival may be improved by optimization of EMS response intervals, bystander CPR, as well as first-responder CPR by fire or police. [Stiell IG, Wells GA, DeMaio VJ, Spaite DW, Field BJ, Munkley DP, Lyver MB, Luinstra LG, Ward R, for the OPALS Study Group: Modifiable factors associated with improved cardiac arrest survival in a multicenter basic life support/defibrillation system: OPALS Study phase I results. Ann Emerg Med January 1999;33:44-50.]
Quantum oscillations from surface Fermi arcs in Weyl and Dirac semimetals

In a magnetic field, electrons in metals repeatedly traverse closed magnetic orbits around the Fermi surface. The resulting oscillations in the density of states enable powerful experimental techniques for measuring a metal’s Fermi surface structure. On the other hand, the surface states of Weyl semimetals consist of disjoint, open Fermi arcs raising the question of whether they can be observed by standard quantum oscillatory techniques. Here, we find that the open Fermi arcs participate in unusual closed magnetic orbits by traversing the bulk of the sample to connect opposite surfaces. These orbits have anomalous features that are impossible for conventional surface states, and result in quantum oscillations that contain observable signatures of the topological character of the bulk Weyl semimetal. We also apply our predictions to the compounds Cd3As2 and Na3Bi that were recently proposed to be three-dimensional Dirac (doubled Weyl) semimetals, and propose experimental signatures of their possible Fermi arc states. Unlike metals, Weyl and Dirac semimetals possess open discontinuous Fermi surfaces. Here, Potter et al.show how such materials may still exhibit characteristic electronic oscillations under applied magnetic fields via bulk tunnelling between Fermi arcs and predict their experimental signatures.
Omni-Wrist III - a new generation of pointing devices. Part II. Gimbals systems - control

The Omni-Wrist III robotic manipulator, inspired in design by the kinematics of the human wrist, represents, with the full 180/spl deg/ hemisphere of singularity-free range, a very capable alternative to traditional gimbals systems. Research efforts at the Laser Communications Research Laboratory at Binghamton University have resulted in the establishment of an accurate mathematical model, which was utilized in the development of control systems presented in this paper. A state variable controller and two linear model following controllers are developed and evaluated. The third controller is designed to achieve full decoupling of the highly coupled system. The adaptation and disturbance rejection capabilities of the controllers are demonstrated through friction compensation.
Mobile agents and the future of the internet

Use of the Internet has exploded in recent years with the appearance of the World-Wide Web. In this paper, we show how current technological trends may lead to a system based substantially on mobile code, and in many cases, mobile agents. We discuss several technical and non-technical hurdles along the path to that eventuality. It seems likely that, within a few years, nearly all major Internet sites will be capable of hosting and willing to host some form of mobile code or mobile agents.
An expert test program generation system for per-pin testers

The development is discussed of a rules-based automatic test-program generator (ATPG) that integrates IBM's CAD (computer-aided design) system with a per-pin tester. The authors describe the versatility of the ATPG that gleans test patterns and the logic model from the CAD system, merges produce technology characteristics and generates a complete test program that verifies the electrical, functional, and timing integrity of the device under test. >
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Appropriateness Does It Matter for Patient Outcomes?

In this issue of Circulation , Doukky et al1 report findings from a cohort of 1511 patients from 11 outpatient community-based practices (20 primary care physicians and 2 cardiologists) in the Chicago metropolitan area. The patients underwent single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging and were then followed up for 27±10 months for major adverse cardiac events: death, death or myocardial infarction, and cardiac death or myocardial infarction. The SPECT studies were categorized on the basis of the 2009 appropriate use criteria (AUC) as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate. The investigators report that 823 patients (54.5%) underwent SPECT scans that were classified as appropriate or uncertain and 688 patients (45.5%) underwent SPECT scans that were classified as inappropriate. In those patients whose SPECT scans were appropriate or uncertain, abnormal scans were of significant value in predicting major adverse cardiac events with hazard ratios of 3.1 to 3.7 compared with normal scans. However, in those patients undergoing SPECT classified as inappropriate, abnormal SPECT scans did not achieve statistical significance in predicting major adverse cardiac events, although the hazard ratios ranged from 2.3 to 11.8. Regardless of the appropriateness of SPECT, the presence of ischemia on SPECT, reflected in the summed difference score (SDS), predicted subsequent coronary angiography and revascularization. As the investigators indicate, this is the first large study validating the prognostic implications of SPECT AUC, further supporting its clinical utility. In this editorial, we examine both the internal and external validity of this study to place it in context for evidence-based clinicians. Article see p 1634 Is the study internally valid? That is, do the data justify the conclusions? This study has a number of strengths, beginning with the size of the cohort and the several-year duration of follow-up. Although follow-up was >99% complete, a number of patients were …
United States Medical Licensing Examination step 1 two-digit score: a correlation with the American Board of Pathology first-time test taker pass/fail rate at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Context.—Factors that correlate with success or failure on the American Board of Pathology (ABP) examination are not known. Other medical residency programs have shown that standardized test scores correlate with specialty board examination scores; however, data from pathology programs are lacking. Objective.—To investigate whether the 2-digit score on step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) was correlated with ABP examination performance at a large university pathology program. Design.—Nine years of data (2001–2009) from pathology residents (n = 72) at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was collected from existing files and deidentified. Step 1 USMLE 2-digit scores and ABP failure rates for first-time test takers were compared. Results are reported as the percentage of residents who failed either the anatomic pathology or clinical pathology part of the ABP examination in cohorts by their USMLE 2-digit score (≤80, 81–85, 86–89, ≥90). Re...
Between Others and Brothers

Some fifteen years ago, the Israel Museum exhibition �To the East: Orientalism in the Arts in Israel� featured a photograph by the Israeli artist Meir Gal entitled �Nine Out of Four Hundred: The West and the Rest.� At the center of the photograph was Gal, holding the nine pages that dealt with the history of Jews in the Middle East in a textbook of Jewish history used in Israel's education system. As Gal viscerally argued, �these books helped establish a consciousness that the history of the Jewish people took place in Eastern Europe and that Mizrahim have no history worthy of remembering.� More damningly, he wrote that �the advent of Zionism and the establishment of the Israeli State drove a wedge between Mizrahim and their origins, and replaced their Jewish-Arab identity with a new Israeli identity based on European ideals as well as hatred of the Arab world.�
Histogram statistics of local model-relative image regions

We present a novel approach to statistically characterize histograms of model-relative image regions. A multiscale model is used as an aperture to define image regions at multiple scales. We use this image description to define an appearance model for deformable model segmentation. Appearance models measure the likelihood of an object given a target image. To determine this likelihood we compute pixel intensity histograms of local model-relative image regions from a 3D image volume near the object boundary. We use a Gaussian model to statistically characterize the variation of non-parametric histograms mapped to Euclidean space using the Earth Mover's distance. The new method is illustrated and evaluated in a deformable model segmentation study on CT images of the human bladder, prostate, and rectum. Results show improvement over a previous profile based appearance model, out-performance of statistically modeled histograms over simple histogram measurements, and advantages of regional histograms at a fixed local scale over a fixed global scale.
Protein phosphatase 1 modulation of neostriatal AMPA channels: regulation by DARPP-32 and spinophilin.

Modulation of AMPA−type glutamate channels is important for synaptic plasticity. Here we provide physiological evidence that the activity of AMPA channels is regulated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP−1) in neostriatal neurons and identify two distinct molecular mechanisms of this regulation. One mechanism involves control of PP−1 catalytic activity by DARPP−32, a dopamine− and cAMP−regulated phosphoprotein highly enriched in neostriatum. The other involves binding of PP−1 to spinophilin, a protein that colocalizes PP−1 with AMPA receptors in postsynaptic densities. The results suggest that regulation of anchored PP−1 is important for AMPA−receptor−mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity.
Total cerebrospinal fluid enhancement following intravenous Gd-DTPA administration in a case of meningiomatosis.

We report a case of severe meningiomatosis in a young girl, and describe the clinical course and MR appearance
Rare case of exogenous Candida dubliniensis endophthalmitis: a case report and brief review of the literature

Candida dubliniensis is a recently described opportunistic fungal pathogen that rarely infects the eye. Reported cases of C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis have been of endogenous etiology and demonstrated recovery of visual acuity with timely treatment. We herein report an unusual case of severe C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis requiring enucleation. This is a retrospective, descriptive case report with a brief literature review. A 41-year-old Caucasian man, with a history of blunt trauma 8 months prior, presented to the emergency department with left eye pain and loss of vision 2 days after complicated cataract surgery. He was first evaluated by an outside ophthalmologist 3 months after trauma for left eye pain and progressive vision loss. He was found to have light perception vision with non-granulomatous anterior uveitis but no sign of ruptured globe. A dense cataract developed while he was treated with topical and subtenon's corticosteroids for which he underwent cataract surgery. Our examination revealed no light perception vision with a relative afferent pupillary defect, elevated intraocular pressure, moderate anterior chamber reaction, pupillary membrane, vitritis, and choroidal thickening on B-scan ultrasonography. Diagnostic vitrectomy revealed purulent vitreal debris, retinal detachment with severe retinal necrosis, and choroidal infiltrates. Operative fungal cultures grew C. dubliniensis. Despite intravitreal and systemic anti-fungal treatment, vision and pain did not improve, resulting in subsequent enucleation. C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis is uncommonly encountered and typically has reasonable visual outcomes. This is the first reported case of C. dubliniensis, likely exogenous endophthalmitis, resulting in enucleation, illustrating the potential virulence of this newly described organism.
Electrocardiogram voltage discordance: interpretation of low QRS voltage only in the limb leads.

Abstract Introduction Low voltage on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) is defined as QRS voltage less than 5 mm in all limb leads and less than 10 mm in all precordial leads. The clinical correlate of an ECG with low voltage in the limb leads but normal precordial QRS amplitudes is unclear. Methods Twelve-lead ECGs with QRS voltage less than 5 mm in all limb leads and more than 10 mm in at least 2 contiguous precordial leads were collected. Presence of clinical conditions associated with low voltage was determined from clinical data and chest imaging. Results Fifty-one of 100 patients had voltage discordant ECGs that correlated with conditions known to cause diffuse low voltage. Among those without associated conditions, 63% had dilated ventricles, with an average ejection fraction of 33%. Conclusions Low voltage isolated to the limb leads is associated with the same conditions that cause diffuse low voltage in only half of patients. In the remainder, more than 60% have dilated cardiomyopathies.
Fasting Girls: The Emergence of Anorexia Nervosa as a Modern Disease

Anorexia nervosa may affect as many as five to ten percent of adolescent girls in the United States, and on some college campuses, the estimate is as high as twenty percent. Despite its recent "popularity", however, the disease remains puzzling in its causes and stubbornly resistant to a cure. For, as Fasting Girls demonstrates, anorexia nervosa existed long before our current preoccupation with lean bodies. This landmark, award-winning work offers a solution to the mystery of anorexia nervosa, exploring its historical roots from the fasting saints of the Middle Ages and the curious "fasting girls" of the Victorian era to the weight-obsessed celebrities of our own time. By linking broad cultural forces to individual biomedical and psychological factors, Fasting Girls shows how a society that believes a woman "can never be too rich or too thin" actually recruits certain adolescents to anorexia -- those who regard a thin body as a state of perfection. Combined with other social stresses, such an attitude puts an increasing number of contemporary young women at risk. Highly readable and authoritative, Fasting Girls takes the reader into the private world of sufferers in the past, and also shows today's health professionals and parents why America's young women are so vulnerable to anorexia, and what treatments have proven effective in combating this frequently misunderstood, often deadly, disorder.
Use of system dynamics for studying a restructured West African power pool

Our research group in this project has been developing models to understand the long-term interactions between investment and performance in the electric power system. We discuss some results and simple models in applying these tools to understand the expected pattern of investment in a proposed West African Power Pool (WAPP). Results show that the interconnection between countries has a clear impact on the local system prices and investments in new construction but there will still be large regional variations in prices and new construction. We consider impacts on regional transmission investment.
Modification of Planck Black Body Emissive Power and Intensity in Particulate Media Due to Multiple and Dependent Scattering

Dispersion relation for electromagnetic wave is obtained in particulate media using effective field approximation (EFA) and quasi crystalline approximation (QCA). Due to multiple and dependent scattering the density of states, phase velocity and group velocity of photons are modified. Modification of these parameters modifies the Planck black body equilibrium radiation intensity. This modification affects the temperature and the heat flux predictions in multiple and dependent scattering particulate media. Results show that EFA can accurately capture the dependence of density of states, phase velocity and the group velocity on volume fraction of scatterers whereas QCA can capture the dependence of effective attenuation as well as density of states, phase velocity and the group velocity. Comparisons of the temperature, heat flux, and effective attenuation are made between EFA, QCA and work done by C.L Tien and coworkers. Results show that heat flux and temperature predictions made by models in the literature for multiple and dependent scattering are not correct as these models do not take the modification of the equilibrium intensity into account. Finally we introduce a new model called Dependent Effective Field Approximation (DEFA) which accurately captures the effect of volume fraction on the equilibrium intensity, and effective attenuation. All relations derived in the paper are for spherical particles.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Spectacular Mexico: Design, Propaganda, and the 1968 Olympics

Focused on the mid-twentieth-century state- and intelligentsia-supported distortion, fabrication and international projection of the post-Revolutionary image and identity of Mexico—a process, heavi...
Lawyers as Problem-Solvers One Meal at a Time: A Review of Barbara Kingsolver's Animal, Vegetable, Miracle

Barbara Kingsolver's Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life is a must-read for lawyers and legal scholars in the areas of food law, environmental law, agricultural law, and education law. Indeed, I recommend it to anyone interested in the future of the planet or our children. The over-arching point of Kingsolver's book is that Americans should eat more locally-grown food. Kingsolver's position is that eating locally-grown food promises to be part of the solution to several of the major problems facing us at the start of the 21st century, such as global warming and childhood obesity. Many of the issues that Kingsolver addresses are legal ones, and many of the implications of her arguments also bear on legal topics. This review discusses the legal issues raised by the book and provides annotation to relevant legal articles, including articles on increasing opportunities for food production in local economies; global warming; childhood obesity; the Federal Farm Bill; the Plant Variety Protection Act of 1970; pesticide pollution and loss of wildlife habitat; lawsuits involving patented plant varieties; laws and regulations related to genetically modified foods; labeling laws governing Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin Hormone; proposals to reduce the public health risks of mad cow disease in the United States; green zoning; local ordinances governing community gardening; elimination of the regulatory quota system for tobacco; and the National Animal Identification System.
Prevalence of equine coronavirus in nasal secretions from horses with fever and upper respiratory tract infection

EQUINE coronavirus (ECoV) has recently been associated clinically and epidemiologically with emerging outbreaks of pyrogenic and enteric disease in adult horses in Japan and the USA (Oue and others 2011, 2013, Pusterla and others 2013). Due to the inconsistent development of enteric signs in horses infected with ECoV and in comparison with the closely related pneumoenteric bovine coronavirus (BCoV), one can only wonder if this virus has a tropism to non-enteric epithelial cells, such as the respiratory epithelium. Recently, a French group screened 395 faeces and 200 respiratory specimens submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for the presence of ECoV (Miszczak and others 2014). The samples had been collected from foals and adult horses suffering from mild respiratory or enteric disease. In that study, the researchers found ECoV in a total of 12 samples (11 faecal samples and one respiratory specimen). The ECoV quantitative PCR (qPCR)-positive respiratory sample had been collected from a nine-month-old foal suffering from respiratory infection. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of ECoV in nasal secretions from horses with signs of fever and/or acute onset of upper respiratory tract infection submitted to a molecular diagnostic laboratory in the USA for the detection of common infectious respiratory pathogens. The study population consisted of 2437 equids with acute onset of fever (T>101.5°F) and/or upper respiratory tract infection (depression, lethargy, nasal discharge, coughing) for which nasal secretions were submitted to the Real-time PCR Research and Diagnostics Core Facility, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis for the detection of common respiratory pathogens (equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus type …
Resource Consumption Accounting - Where Does It Fit?

With the increasing sophistication of recent costing innovations, such as resource consumption accounting, the selection of a costing system can be a daunting decision as one seeks to choose the appropriate costing methodology for a given (1) decision context, (2) production environment, and/or (3) information system available to a firm. Taking a big picture perspective, this article illustrates the distinguishing features of RCA, ABC, and TOC as compared to the traditional costing approach (as a benchmark) and attempts to offer some basic guidance as to when each system may be appropriate. This comparative presentation of RCA is designed to provide time-pressured management accounting practitioners a frame of reference for considering RCA (or one of the other methodologies) prior to a more in-depth investigation. Managers may also use this comparison to support organizational efforts to train staff with varying levels of management accounting background on the similarities and dissimilarities between the various product costing alternatives. Finally, we believe this presentation can benefit teachers of cost accounting who are interested in exposing their students to the conceptual differences between RCA and the other costing methodologies.
ENaC-independent impaired natriuresis and increased blood pressure in mouse models of diet-induced hyperinsulinemia (1086.3)

Patients with obesity develop peripheral insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension that are associated with cardiovascular disease and death. Hyperinsulinemia increases renal sodium reabsorption, in part through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) of the distal nephron, and may increase blood pressure. The molecular determinants of this process are poorly understood, and a mouse model is needed to facilitate discovery. We systematically characterized five potential diet-induced models of the metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice. We measured sodium avidity, ENaC-mediated sodium reabsorption in whole animal and in ex vivo microperfusion experiments as well as blood pressure by radiotelemetry. High-fat (45% or 60% kcal) diet-fed (HFD) mice developed obesity and hyperinsulinemia after 6 weeks while fructose-fed mice lacked hyperinsulinemia. HFD mice demonstrated increased sodium avidity compared to low-fat (10% kcal) fed (LFD) mice as measured by urine sodium excretion after transition to a high ...
P3-04-02: Bevacizumab Treatment Alters Intrinsic Subtypes in a VEGF-Reinforced Xenograft Model of ER-Positive Breast Cancer.

Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy improves disease-free but not overall survival in metastatic breast cancer. To seek further insight on resistance to anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab (BEV) at the molecular level, we developed breast cancer xenograft models allowing comparison of tumor response at different time-points. Here we report the gene expression and miRNA analyses of response and non-response to BEV in these models. Methods: MCF-7 cells transfected with control vector (ML20) or VEGF (MV165) were implanted into the mammary fat pads of athymic mice. Tumors from short-term treatment with BEV (3 weeks; Responders to BEV, R) or long-term treatment (8 weeks; Non-Responders, NR) or with vehicle control group (V) were subjected to whole-genome gene expression analysis (Human WG-6v2 Expression Beadchips, Illumina) and miRNA profiling (TaqMan ArrayHuman MicroRNA A+B Cards Set v3.0, Applied Biosystems).Validation of the chosen genes was performed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Short-term treatment to BEV (3 weeks; 5 mg/kg, i.p./twice weekly) inhibited primary tumor growth significantly in MV165 xenografts compared with vehicle control, whereas BEV treatment did not affect the tumor growth in the ML20 model. MV165 xenografts progressed after 8 weeks of BEV treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that luminal A-related gene sets were enriched in MV165-R compared to MV165-NR group including DESMEDT (ESR1), SMID_Breast_Cancer_Luminal_A_up, and MASSARWEH_ Tamoxifen_Resistance_ Down. Myoepithelial-specific gene sets were upregulated in both the R and NR groups compared with the vehicle group. qRT-PCR analysis showed that estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) representative for luminal A decreased significantly in the MV-165-NR group (P=0.001) compared to vehicle. In contrast, Cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) levels increased significantly in both R (P=0.02) and NR (P=0.03) groups. In addition, KRT14 was upregulated in R (P= 0.04) and in NR (P=0.14) group in comparison with the vehicle group, suggesting the upregulation of myoepithelial phenotype specific to BEV treated MV165 model, but not ML20 model. Similar results were obtained by IHC. Consistent with mRNA changes, ESR1 regulated miRNA such as miR-107 (P=0.007) and miRNA important in tamoxifen resistance such as mir-451 (P= 0.0003) were also altered in MV165-NR group compared to vehicle. Conclusion: These results suggest that treatment with BEV may alter the intrinsic subtypes in the presence of VEGF expression. These data may help to explain the variable results to anti-VEGF therapy based on the duration of BEV treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-02.
Metagenomic Evidence of the Prevalence and Distribution Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Dairy Agroecosystems

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a global problem with serious implications for public health. AR genes are frequently detected on animal farms, but little is known about their origin and distribution patterns. We hypothesized that AR genes can transfer from animal feces to the environment through manure, and to this end, we characterized and compared the resistomes (collections of AR genes) of animal feces, manure, and soil samples collected from five dairy farms using a metagenomics approach. Resistomes constituted only up to 1% of the total gene content, but were variable by sector and also farm. Broadly, the identified AR genes were associated with 18 antibiotic resistances classes across all samples; however, the most abundant genes were classified under multidrug transporters (44.75%), followed by resistance to vancomycin (12.48%), tetracycline (10.52%), bacitracin (10.43%), beta-lactam resistance (7.12%), and MLS efflux pump (6.86%) antimicrobials. The AR gene profiles were variable betwee...
Plural Marriage, Group Marriage and Immutability in Obergefell v. Hodges and Beyond

For decades, opponents of marriage for same-sex couples have appealed to polygamy. The Chief Justice’s dissent in Obergefell is no exception insofar as he says that the logic of the majority opinion with respect to same-sex marriage also applies to plural marriage. This paper explores the resources for distinguishing polygamy from same-sex marriage, focusing on the mutability or immutability of the desire to engage in plural/group marriage as compared to the desires to marry someone of the same sex. It shows the appeal to immutability does not succeed in distinguishing plural/group marriages from same-sex marriages.
Laser-direct-written interconnects: applications to real-world circuits

The laser-directed discretionary deposition of metal films broadens the scope of electronics fabrication on the integrated circuit level as well as in hybrid packaging, microwave circuit tuning, and wafer-scale systems. The use of laser beams to write and remove directly metals and insulators has been developed and refined to the point where applications to real integrated circuits are possible. This mode of processing allows the modification of individual circuits on a micrometer scale as well as permitting the interconnection of larger circuits composed of several devices, both on a single substrate (wafer scale integration) and in multichip hybrid configurations. It has been shown previously that by this technology one can customize commercial CMOS gate array parts in several minutes without masked photolithography.1
Phenome-Wide Association Study

This chapter is an introduction to phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS), which were originally conceived as a reverse genetics approach to discover what phenotypes are linked to a given genotype. We discuss the rich history of phenotyping and how the capabilities to phenotype large human populations have advanced dramatically with the advent of electronic health records. We provide an overview of the PheWAS methodology, and review some of the first published papers. We discuss other evolving uses of PheWAS, including linking biomarkers to phenotype, addressing continuous variables, and introducing network analysis on a phenome-wide scale. After reading the chapter, the reader should understand the fundamental concepts behind phenotyping based on EHRs and other data sources, analyzing populations phenotyped in this manner, and visualizing and interpreting the results of the PheWAS.
The Computational Wine Wheel 2.0 and the TriMax Triclustering in Wineinformatics

Even with the current state of technology, data growth is increasing so fast that without proper storage and analytical techniques, it is challenging to process and analyze large datasets. This applies to knowledge bases from all fields and all kinds of data. In Wineinformatics, various kind of data related to wine, including physicochemical laboratory data and wine reviews, are analyzed by data science related researches. In the previous work, we proposed the Computational Wine Wheel, derived from 2011’s top 100 wine, to automatically process and extract key attributes from human-language-format wine expert reviews. In this work, past 10 year’s top 100 wines are collected and formed a 1000 excellent wines dataset to further improve the Computational Wine Wheel. The extraction process led to the creation of what we call a Computational Wine Wheel 2.0, which is a wine attribute dictionary consisting of 985 categorized and normalized wine attributes. After the Computational Wine Wheel 2.0 is formed, we experiment it on a region- and grape type- specific dataset to seek new types of information in Wineinformatics. A novel TriMax Triclustering algorithm specifically used for the dataset processed by the Computational Wine Wheel is proposed and applied to discover three dimensional clusters (Wine × Attributes × Vintage) in wine. We found that the TriMax Triclustering algorithm produced promising and cohesive results that can be used in various aspects of the wine industry, such as defined palate grouping and wine searching.
Xenoy® and Noryl® GTX Engineering Thermoplastics Blends

Thanks to their unusual miscibility polymer blends of polyphenylene oxide and polystyrene were the first commercially successful amorphous engineering thermoplastics blends, introduced back in 1968. Pete Juliano of GE Corporate Research Laboratories presented a comprehensive review at the last IUPAC Meeting of The Hague(1) where he showed how the evolution of science and technology of blends (2,3) based on polyphenylene oxide, bisphenol A polycarbonate, polybutylene teraphthalate, polyamides and polyacetals, created many more opportunities for the development of engineering thermoplastics with attractive combination of attributes.
Unambiguous identification and discovery of bacterial siderophores by direct injection 21 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Under iron-limiting conditions, bacteria produce low molecular mass Fe(III) binding molecules known as siderophores to sequester the Fe(III), along with other elements, increasing their bioavailability. Siderophores are thought to influence iron cycling and biogeochemistry in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems and hence the need for rapid, confident characterization of these compounds has increased. In this study, the type of siderophores produced by two marine bacterial species, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and Vibrio cyclitrophicus 1F53, were characterized by use of a newly developed 21 T Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (FTICR MS) with direct injection electrospray ionization. This technique allowed for the rapid detection of synechobactins from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 as well as amphibactins from Vibrio cyclitrophicus 1F53 based on high mass accuracy and resolution allowing for observation of specific Fe isotopes and isotopic fine structure enabling highly confident identification of these siderophores. When combined with molecular network analysis two new amphibactins were discovered and verified by tandem MS. These results show that high-field FTICR MS is a powerful technique that will greatly improve the ability to rapidly identify and discover metal binding species in the environment.
Phase II trial of sorafenib in advanced thyroid cancer: A disease site analysis.

e17000 Background: Sorafenib has demonstrated efficacy in a phase III trial for patients with progressive, radioactive iodine-refractory, differentiated thyroid carcinoma (rrDTC) and was recently FDA approved for this indication. This analysis aimed to characterize the relative efficacy of sorafenib by disease site in patients from the prior phase II study. Methods: Eligible patients with rrDTC received sorafenib 400 mg orally twice daily. Responses were measured radiographically every 2–3 months. In this analysis, we measured response rates separately for pulmonary and lymph node target lesions (PTL and LNTL), visceral organs, and bone. We used Wilcoxon rank-sum or t-test when indicated to compare average time to best response (aTBR), average progression-free period (aPFP), and average best response (aBR) in size by target lesion disease site. Results: Forty-two patients with rrDTC and evaluable target lesions between February 2006 and August 2009 were included. Thirty-eight (91%) had PTL, 24 (57%) had L...