cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Value of routine evaluation in asymptomatic soft contact lens wearers

Abstract Objectives Limited literature supports the value of routine contact lens examinations. The purpose of this study is to document complications diagnosed when subjectively successful planned replacement soft contact lens patients are evaluated to renew their existing contact lens prescriptions. Methods Asymptomatic soft contact lens patients who presented to the University Eye Center at Ketchum Health (Anaheim, CA) and the Eye and Vision Center at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (Worcester, MA) for routine contact lens comprehensive exams to renew existing contact lens prescriptions were professionally evaluated and their complications documented. All subjects presented without complaint and had a history of subjectively successful planned replacement soft lens wear for at least 1 year. Results A total of 202 subjects were recruited from both sites (age range 16–72 years; 76 male, 126 female; spherical contact lens optical power equivalent range: +7.75D to −19.25D). Considering health issues, one hundred and five (52%) patients were found to exhibit at least one undiagnosed complication (95% CI: 0.45-0.59): 70% were diagnosed with contact lens driven ocular complications; 54% were diagnosed with non-contact lens driven ocular health issues; and 4% showed signs of undiagnosed systemic disease. Of note, complication prevalence increases to 72% overall if both contact lens fit issues and contact lens care compliance problems are included as complications in analysis. Conclusions A striking ocular health and contact lens complication rate in asymptomatic soft contact lens wearers is demonstrated across two different study sites. This data suggests that asymptomatic as well as symptomatic contact lens wearers require routine professional evaluations.
Chapter 18 – Pineal Hormones

Publisher Summary Pineal gland is rather unique in respect to the magnitude of change characterizing its evolutionary development. In amphibians, it is primarily a photoreceptive organ; however, in higher forms, it has evolved from this state to a gland producing hormones that receives light information by way of the lateral eyes and sympathetic nerves. Pineal products include melatonin, other methoxyindoles, serotonin, and acetylserotonin. Although vasotocin has been reported to be a pineal product, it is not clear whether significant amounts of vasotocin are actually synthesized in the pineal gland. The production of the methoxyindoles is dependent on light or darkness, and these hormones have been shown to regulate seasonal reproductive activities. Melatonin is currently thought to be the principal active substance produced by the pineal. The secretion of melatonin from the pineal is generated by norepinephrine, which is released from neighboring neurons. The effects of pineal messages involve color change, endocrine control of reproduction, phototactic and locomotor reactions, detection of polarized light, and rhythmic phenomena. The pineal gland is an important component of the photoneuroendocrine system.
Unchartered waters: Climate change likely to intensify infectious disease outbreaks causing mass mortality events in marine mammals

Infectious disease emergence has increased significantly over the last 30 years, with mass mortality events (MMEs) associated with epizootics becoming increasingly common. Factors influencing these events have been widely studied in terrestrial systems, but remain relatively unexplored in marine mammals. Infectious disease-induced MMEs (ID MMEs) have not been reported ubiquitously among marine mammal species, indicating that intrinsic (host) and/or extrinsic (environmental) ecological factors may influence this heterogeneity. We assess the occurrence of ID MMEs (1955-2018) across extant marine mammals (n = 129) in relation to key life-history characteristics (sociality, trophic level, habitat breadth) and environmental variables (season, sea surface temperature [SST] anomalies, El Nino occurrence). Our results show that ID MMEs have been reported in 14% of marine mammal species (95% CI 9%-21%), with 72% (n = 36; 95% CI 56%-84%) of these events caused predominantly by viruses, primarily morbillivirus and influenza A. Bacterial pathogens caused 25% (95% CI 14%-41%) of MMEs, with only one being the result of a protozoan pathogen. Overall, virus-induced MMEs involved a greater number of fatalities per event compared to other pathogens. No association was detected between the occurrence of ID MMEs and host characteristics, such as sociality or trophic level, but ID MMEs did occur more frequently in semiaquatic species (pinnipeds) compared to obligate ocean dwellers (cetaceans; χ2 = 9.6, p = .002). In contrast, extrinsic factors significantly influenced ID MMEs, with seasonality linked to frequency (χ2 = 19.85, p = .0002) and severity of these events, and global yearly SST anomalies positively correlated with their temporal occurrence (Z = 3.43, p = 2.7e-04). No significant association was identified between El Nino and ID MME occurrence (Z = 0.28, p = .81). With climate change forecasted to increase SSTs and the frequency of extreme seasonal weather events, epizootics causing MMEs are likely to intensify with significant consequences for marine mammal survival.
Improvement of TCAD Augmented Machine Learning Using Autoencoder for Semiconductor Variation Identification and Inverse Design

A machine learning (ML) model by combing two autoencoders and one linear regression model is proposed to avoid overfitting and to improve the accuracy of Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD)-augmented ML for semiconductor structural variation identification and inverse design, without using domain expertise. TCAD-augmented ML utilizes TCAD simulations to generate sufficient data for ML model development when experimental data are inadequate. The ML model can then be used to identify semiconductor structural variation for given experimental electrical measurements. In this study, the variation of layer thicknesses in the p-i-n diode is used as a demonstration. An ML model is developed to predict the diode layer thicknesses based on a given Current-Voltage (IV) curve. Although the variations of interest can be incorporated easily in TCAD simulations to generate ML training data, the TCAD-augmented ML model generally is overfitted and cannot predict the variations in experiment well due to hidden variables which also alters the IV curves. We show that by using an autoencoder, this problem can be solved. To verify the effectiveness, another set of TCAD simulation data is generated with hidden variables (dopant concentration variation) to emulate experimental data. Testing on the second set of data shows that the proposed model can avoid overfitting and has up to 15 times improvement in accuracy in thickness prediction. Moreover, this model is used successfully to perform inverse design and can capture an underlying physics that cannot be described by a simple physical parameter.
N -Aminopyridinium Ylide-Directed, Copper-Promoted Chalcogenation of Arene C-H Bonds.

N-Aminopyridinium ylide-directing group is employed for copper-promoted chalcogenation of sp2 C-H bonds with aryl and alkyl disulfides as well as diphenyl diselenide. Reactions proceed in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent at elevated temperatures and are promoted by copper(II) acetate.
A defense of modal appearances

I argue that beliefs about what appears possible are justified in much the same way as beliefs about what appears actual. I do so by chisholming, and then modalizing, the epistemic principle associated with phenomenal conservatism. The principle is tested against a number of examples, and it gives the intuitively correct results. I conclude by considering how it can be used to defend two controversial modal arguments, a Cartesian argument for dualism and an ontological argument for the existence of God.
A Comparison of Data Science Systems

Data Science has subsumed Big Data Analytics as an interdisciplinary endeavor, where the analyst uses diverse programming languages, libraries and tools to integrate, explore and build mathematical models on data, in a broad sense. Nowadays, there exist many systems and approaches, which enable analysis on practically any kind of data: big or small, unstructured or structured, static or streaming, and so on. In this survey paper, we present the state of the art comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the most popular languages used today: Python, R and SQL. We attempt to provide a thorough overview: we cover all processing aspects going from data pre-processing and integration to final model deployment. We consider ease of programming, flexibility, speed, memory limitations, ACID properties and parallel processing. We provide a unifying view of data storage mechanisms, data processing algorithms, external algorithms, memory management and optimizations used and adapted across multiple systems.
Representing and Misrepresenting the Holocaust

The growing indifference to the details of the Holocaust encourages not only a spread in the habit of forgetting but also an increase in the ease with which misinformation is accepted without objection. A Letter to the Editor of a respected daily publication in 2014 begins: “My father was liberated when the American soldiers entered Auschwitz.” The opening paragraph of a 2011 study of The Science of Evil begins: When I was seven years old, my father told me that the Nazis had turned Jews into lampshades.” It continues: “He also told me the Nazis turned Jews into bars of soap. It sounds so unbelievable, yet it is actually true.” Actually, neither claim is true, any more than is the assertion that American soldiers freed Auschwitz, which was in fact liberated by Soviet troops. This essay examines some of the consequences of such anecdotes spreading among audiences too uniformed to challenge them. The dilemma reflects not the failure but the absence of historical memory. As a result, the distinction between not remembering and never having known blurs and slowly disappears. One of the best ways to counter the accidental or intentional tendency toward misrepresentation is to focus Holocaust education on the texts and the voices of those who endured the atrocities themselves, who have found an explicit language to describe an abnormal world unrelated to the one we are familiar with. The rest of the essay explores examples of such persuasive representation. Consider the following, from Giuliana Tedeschi’s memoir of Auschwitz: “There is a place on earth, a desolate heath, where the shadow of the dead are multitudes, where the living are dead, where there is only death, hate and pain.” As we slowly became acquainted with, and then accustomed to this new reality of representation, we grow more qualified to discredit anecdotes that continue to mislead unwary audiences.
Probabilistic processing of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays for background rate measurements

A system-level performance evaluation of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GmAPD) arrays requires accurate measurement and prediction of the background rate of the device due to dark counts and other spurious detection events. Since a GmAPD detector reports only a binary value and timestamp associated with an avalanche event, dark count rates are typically measured by averaging thousands of frames to support a statistically significant measurement. For both synchronous and asynchronous detector, the Poisson distributed background rates are referenced to the time each pixel is armed. Unlike for synchronous GmAPD imagers where all the pixels are armed to an array-wide arm signal, an asynchronous pixel operates independently from its neighboring pixels; requiring the background rates to be calculated using an interarrival histogram. For both types of imagers, the background rate is typically evaluated by fitting an exponential distribution to a fixed window within a measured histogram of time intervals between detection events However, if the statistics of the background rate are insufficient – whether that is due to low population sizes, saturation, or a large dynamic range of population size across the array, the pixel, or array-wide, performance metrics may report results with varying accuracy. This paper reports on an implementation of an algorithm that evaluates GmAPD background rates based on statistical metrics rather than fixed windows. The algorithm functions by determining the appropriate integration window within the interarrival time histogram based on a per-pixel count rate set by a predetermined tolerable measurement error. The implementation of the algorithm allows us to characterize GmAPD arrays with orders of magnitude spread in background rates across the detector using common statistical parameters.
Seeing deep into engineered samples with dual-axis OCT

OCT adoption is somewhat limited by the lack of an effective means for obtaining adequate image penetration in highly scattering tissue. For example, the ability to observe subtle changes in the layers of skin tissue where microcirculation occurs, generally anywhere between 1-4 mm deep, a depth currently beyond the penetration of traditional OCT systems. DA-OCT presents an attractive potential to image deeper into tissues exposing morphology that otherwise may go undetected. The approach is based on an off-axis scanning approach which uses distinct illumination and collection apertures to accept a larger proportion of quasiballistic signal. Here we present transliation ofDA-OCT to image large tissue volumes using a broadband SLD centered about 1.3 μm paired with a dynamic focus-tracking method to create an enhanced depth of focus.
Teaching Manufacturing Processes from an Innovation Perspective

Abstract The manufacturing innovation that underlies advanced products comes about through rational, reasoned design, motivating the need for a manufacturing engineering curriculum within higher education that teaches methodologies for designing manufacturing processes. As an alternative to conventional manufacturing process courses, the authors propose learning outcomes and methods for teaching process design and innovation. Proposed learning outcomes for new process design courses include describing key relationships and directionality between product and process design functions, determining whether a component can be made with a process, selecting process sequences for products based on cost and/or environmental impact, specifying new process designs when needed, and choosing between product/process alternatives. Examples of instructional materials and approaches that are being developed to help meet these outcomes are discussed.
Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression Distributed Lag Models

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Exposures to environmental chemicals during gestation can alter health status later in life. Most studies of maternal exposure to chemicals during pregnancy focus on a single ch...
Metamorphosis of three-dimensional kirigami-inspired reconfigurable and reprogrammable architected matter

Abstract Most shape-morphing materials are limited to one-to-one shape-changing process, i.e., one design corresponds to one target shape, thus it is hard to be reshaped due to the constraint of limited mobilities (degrees of freedom). Here, we propose harnessing kinematic bifurcation in mechanisms with multiple branched transformation paths to achieve enhanced reconfigurability and shape reprogrammability in a new class of three-dimensional (3D) kirigami-inspired architected matter. The reconfigurable and reprogrammable architected matter is constructed from planar tessellation of 3D kirigami-inspired transformable modules. The module consisting of eight closed-loop connected cubes exhibits both 3D non-bifurcated and bifurcated transformation modes, the motions of which are well captured by the developed kinematics model. The modules can be periodically tessellated in plane to form a flat, thick panel in both a diluted (with voids) and compact (without voids) pattern with multiple encoded, compatible transformation modes. Consequently, it can undergo a series of consecutive shape changes by reconfiguring into varieties of 3D transformable architectures that are conceptually in analogy to metamorphosis in some living organisms during growth. The endowed rich mobilities are found to derive from the kinematic bifurcation. Among them, a unique transformed 3D architecture can be further reprogrammed to reconfigure into multiple architected shapes with zero and non-zero Gaussian curvature through both forward and inverse designs. Such 3D reconfigurable kinematic matter is attractive for potential applications in reconfigurable metamaterials and morphing architectures.
A New Interpretation of 26Al in Meteoritic Inclusions

We suggest that the large 26Al/27Al = 5 × 10-5 abundance ratio found in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) in meteorites is produced by energetic particle irradiation in the early solar system but only in a thin (0.2 g cm-2) skin of the solar preplanetary disk that stops the energetic particles. Buildup of that 26Al concentration happens only during the quiescent, or passive, phase of the solar disk, after accretion and associated turbulence has ceased. We propose that CAIs also originate in the form of fine Al-rich dust within a coronal-type environment atop the disk. In this model only the CAIs among planetary materials would contain this high 26Al/27Al ratio. Chronological ordering based on 26Al content within planetary materials would be invalid in this model, which would allow chondrules of ordinary chondrites to be as old as CAIs despite their lack of 26Al. This temporal reordering could resolve a growing crisis in planetary disk physics. We also outline other problems in planetary history that will be alleviated or reinterpreted if our model is correct. We describe four sources for the energetic particles, noting that for each the power requirements are reduced to credible values by the smallness of the irradiated mass, about 10-5 M☉ of disk matter.
PERSISTENCE OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS SEROSTATUS IN MEN OVER TIME

Purpose Previous epidemiologic studies have observed positive associations between Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) serostatus and both prostate cancer (PCa) risk and mortality. However, only a few small older studies have examined Tv antibody persistence over time, all of which were composed mainly of female patients. Therefore, we examined Tv antibody persistence over time, as well as intra-individual variability, among middle- to older-aged men in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).
A coordinate-free approach to geometric programming

In this paper it is shown that traditional (coordinate-based) approaches to geometric programming lead to programs that are geometrically ambiguous, and potentially geometrically invalid. To combat these deficiencies, a geometric algebra and an associated coordinate-free abstract data type are outlined. The algebra and the abstract data type are founded on two basic principles: affine/Euclidean geometry and coordinate-freedom.
Intermediate Dynamics for Engineers: Kinematics of a Particle

Introduction One of the main goals of this book is to enable the reader to take a physical system, model it by using particles or rigid bodies, and then interpret the results of the model. For this to happen, the reader needs to be equipped with an array of tools and techniques, the cornerstone of which is to be able to precisely formulate the kinematics of a particle. Without this foundation in place, the future conclusions on which they are based either do not hold up or lack conviction. Much of the material presented in this chapter will be repeatedly used throughout the book. We start the chapter with a discussion of coordinate systems for a particle moving in a three-dimensional space. This naturally leads us to a discussion of curvilinear coordinate systems. These systems encompass all of the familiar coordinate systems, and the material presented is useful in many other contexts. At the conclusion of our discussion of coordinate systems and its application to particle mechanics, you should be able to establish expressions for gradient and acceleration vectors in any coordinate system. The other major topics of this chapter pertain to constraints on the motion of particles. In earlier dynamics courses, these topics are intimately related to judicious choices of coordinate systems to solve particle problems. For such problems, a constraint was usually imposed on the position vector of a particle. Here, we also discuss time-varying constraints on the velocity vector of the particle.
An Observational Study of Early Heterosexual Interaction at Middle School Dances.

In this longitudinal, observational study of heterosexual interaction at middle school dances we examined the degree to which boys' and girls' groups became more gender integrated over time. The results show groups became more integrated over time with the pattern differing by gender. Boys had a relatively low level of contact with girls over the early months with an accelerated increase in the latter months. Girls had an increase in contact with boys over the early months but then a decrease in contact over the latter months. Further, changes in the dynamic covariate, aggression, were associated with changes in integration, and the static covariate, initial physical attractiveness, was predictive of integration trajectories. Physical attractiveness and aggression did relate to gender integration, but counter to our hypotheses, each strategy did not vary by gender, as predicted by sexual selection theory. Results are discussed in terms of different methods in assessing the roles of aggression and physical attractiveness in gender integration.
Social cognition: A key to understanding adaptive behavior in individuals with mild mental retardation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses social cognition as a key to understanding the adaptive behavior in individuals with mild mental retardation (MMR). “Mental retardation,” at its most basic level, refers to a condition in which people experience limitations in their daily life functioning as a result of intellectual impairment. Problems in adaptive behavior are a defining characteristic of mental retardation and a central concern for the researchers and educators working with individuals who have this disability. This chapter discusses the social-cognitive research with individuals with MMR to examine the role that each of the five social-cognitive processes in theoretical framework play in the enactment of a behavioral outcome. For the purpose of making the unique contribution of each social-cognitive process clear, this chapter employs the metaphor of depicting these processes as a fixed sequence of steps that culminates in the enactment of a strategy. The chapter briefly discusses the theoretical model that provides a framework for the examination of these processes. In this chapter, it is suggested that both the concept of adaptive behavior and its operational definition do not fully capture the problems in day-to-day functioning that individuals with MMR experience.
HORMONES AND THE ANALYSIS OF GROWTH

It is now about twenty years since the carefully controlled experiments of P?al established finally that growth in plants is under the control of special growth substances or hormones. In the intervening period our knowledge has advanced considerably, though mainly only in respect to this one rather well-defined group of hormones, the auxins. These substances, as you know, have been isolated from both plant and animal sources, including both seed plants and fungi, and their chemical nature has been thoroughly elucidated. Furthermore, large numbers of synthetic substances have been prepared which have similar actions. Their chemistry will be discussed further below; it is enough for the moment to note that they have rather clearly defined similarities.
THROMBOXANES: THE LINK BETWEEN INTRALIPIDS AND PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION IN THE NEWBORN

During intralipid (IL) infusion, premature neonates demonstrate significant decreases in p0 which are accompanied by pulmonary vasoconstriction. The mechanism by which intralipids induce these changes is not yet known. This study was undertaken to evaluate the hypothesis that IL, via the provision of increased fatty acid precursors, acts by Increasing biosynthesis of the vasoconstricting prostanoid, thromboxane. Thirteen neonates (<1750 grams) who had not yet been fed, and were not expected to receive any enteral nutrition for 5 days were randomized to receive either TPN with IL (n=7) or TPN without IL (n=6). Plasma prostanoid levels were drawn on day 1, 3 and 5 of study and results are as follows: The data are consistent with the following conclusions: 1. IL provide increased essential fatty acid prostaglandin precursors; 2. These increased EFA precursors result in increased biosynthesis of the vasoconstricting prostanoid, thromboxane; and 3. Thromboxane thus produced may contribute to the observed pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Development and validation of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the analysis of paroxetine in human plasma

A sensitive, simple, fast and rugged hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) method for the determination of paroxetine was developed and validated over curve range 0.050–50 ng/mL using only 0.4 mL plasma. This is the ﬁrst published LC-MS/MS method and the low limit of quantitation of this method is 10-fold lower than previously published methods. A simple liquid–liquid extraction method using methyl-tert butyl ether (MTBE) as the extraction solvent was used to extract paroxetine and the internal standard (IS) fentanyl-d5 from plasma. The extract was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted and injected onto a silica column using a low aqueous–high organic mobile phase. The chromatographic run time was 2.0 min per injection, with retention times of 1.1 and 1.2 min for paroxetine and IS, respectively. The detection was by monitoring paroxetine at m/z 330 192 and IS at m/z 342 188, respectively. The inter-day precision and accuracy of the quality control (QC) samples were <5.0% relative standard deviation (RSD) and <2.9% relative error (RE). This method can be used for supporting therapeutical drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic or drug–drug interaction studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evidence-based eye: interpreting and evaluating scientific literature

Measurement, research, and an evidence-based eye are critical tools to use when interpreting scientific research. Have you ever read a journal article and asked yourself, "How can I tell if this research is worthwhile?" Sift ing through pages of abstracts, background, methods, analysis, outcomes, and conclusions can be a daunting task. Here are some tips to help you navigate your way through journals and look at research with an evidence-based eye. THE BASICS Start by asking: Is the article relevant to my needs? What was the basis for asking the research question? Was the question clearly stated and answered? Did the author include adequate, relevant information? STUDY DESIGN A well-designed study takes into consideration subpopulation variables such as age, ethnicity, and gender. It considers all variables that could impact the outcome (e.g., other drugs being taken, weight, health considerations, and income level). Is it a qualitative or quantitative study? Is the type of study (i.e., randomized controlled, retrospective vs. prospective, descriptive) appropriate for the research question? For example, a large multisite trial yields more precise results than a single-site trial. A prospective study can collect all required data elements and may be more accurate and complete in meeting the needs of the project than a retrospective study, which relies on past documentation (for example, a patient chart review). STUDY METHODOLOGY The population size, or " n ," should be large enough to make the study meaningful. The sample size will vary according to the subject of the research. For example, in a study about a common pediatric procedure such as tonsillectomy or appendectomy, the " n " will need to be larger than in a study about a rare procedure such as thoracotomy. Did all subjects in the study share the same characteristics as those in the normative groups? If not, was allowance made for differences? Did the analysis address limitations? If measurement tools were used in the study (e.g., pain scales, distress scales), were they validated and appropriate to the measurements in question? DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS Did the authors provide a response to the question they set out to answer? Did they answer a question that was not asked originally? Did they distinguish between clinical and statistical significance? Were the findings clinically meaningful? BEWARE OF RED FLAGS Sometimes aspects of a study can raise red flags. There may be methodological flaws. For example, a study at McGill University showing a relationship between prenatal caffeine use and miscarriages failed to control for cigarett e smoking (Infante-Rivard, Fernandes, Gauthier, David, & Rivard, 1993). Also, you must always consider who funded the study. Some studies skew their findings to reach a desired outcome. …
Constrained H∞ Control of an Experimental Flexible Link

A new approach is presented to design robust controllers for an experimental flexible beam with noncolocated sensors-actuator. The objective is to position the free end of the beam in the specified time under tight bounds on the trajectory of the tip and control action. We derive a transfer function nominal model for the beam and a quantitative description of model uncertainties based on experimentally obtained frequency response data. Robust controllers are designed by applying the recently developed Constrained H∞ control approach (Sideris and Rotstein, 1993, 1994), in which time-domain constraints are treated directly without translation to the frequency-domain. Constrained H∞ controllers are compared with standard H∞ and μ-synthesis designs in terms of both simulation and experimental results and are found to be superior in the considered case of stringent time-domain specifications.
Mothers, infants, and toys: Social play correlates of attachment

Abstract Eighteen securely attached and 19 anxiously attached mother-infant pairs were observed at 14 months in a nonstressful play situation. The securely attached group evidenced (a) more frequent infant-to-mother toy exchanges; (b) fewer maternal demonstrations of play; (c) more frequent positively toned maternal vocalizations; and (d) fewer nonpositively toned infant vocalizations; but no differences in the cognitive quality of infant toy play.
Overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in high grade endometrial carcinoma.

Abstract Objective The deregulation of E-cadherin is associated with Src/FAK signaling axis and histone deacetylase (HDAC)/EZH2 activity. However, the association between EZH2 and FAK and its clinical significance in endometrial carcinoma has not been reported. Methods 202 archived cases of endometrial carcinoma (1996–2000) were reviewed and divided into two subtypes. TMAs were developed as per established procedures. EZH2, FAK, and pFAK immunohistochemical stains were performed and the expression was scored as negative (0), low (1) and high (2). Proper statistical analysis was used to assess the correlation between the expression profiles and the clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome. Results A total of 141 (69.8%) type-1 tumors and 61 (30.2%) type-2 tumors were identified. EZH2 overexpression was identified in 7.6% of type-1 tumors vs. 63% of type-2 tumors (p Conclusion The overexpression of EZH2, FAK and pFAK correlates with well established pathologic risk factors and may predict a more aggressive biologic behavior in endometrial carcinoma, transforming these proteins into potential therapeutic targets for treatment of endometrial cancer.
Nongeometric Doppler stroke volume determination is limited by aortic size.

Abstract Noninvasive stroke volume determination by Doppler echocardiography has traditionally required estimation both of mean flow rate during ejection by Doppler methods and of flow area by cross-sectional or M-mode echocardiography. 1 Spodick and Koito 2 recently reported a method for estimating stroke volume from Doppler echocardiographic tracings alone, which they term non-geometric because no area measurement is used. Instead, mean left ventricular ejection rate is estimated from mean Doppler velocity and is then multiplied by Doppler ejection time to yield stroke volume. We reasoned that if there is a physiologic relation between ejection rate and Doppler velocity, truly independent of aortic size, the nongeometric method should also accurately estimate stroke volume in infants and children, who have a wide range of aortic size.
The Effects of Fuel Dilution With Biodiesel and Low Sulfur Diesel on Lubricant Acidity, Oxidation and Corrosion: A Bench Scale Study With CJ-4 and CI-4+ Lubricants

This study explored the effect of oil dilution with biodiesel and ultra low sulfur diesel fuel on acidity and corrosion in two lubricants with API service ratings of CJ-4 and CI-4+. The oils were diluted to levels of 0%, 5% and 10% with ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD), 20% biodiesel (B-20) and 100% biodiesel (B-100). For each case, the mixture of fuel and oil was subjected to oxidation tests using a procedure similar to ASTM D6594. The oxidation resistance of the CJ-4 and CI-4+ lubricants was similar in each case. The advanced formulation of the CJ-4 lubricant gave comparable overall performance to the CI-4+ lubricant, despite reduced levels of metallic additive compounds. The highest levels of lubricant degradation occurred when the lubricants were diluted with B-100. A substantial increase in acidity was observed when the oils were diluted with B-100. Moderate levels of copper and lead corrosion were observed in the tests with no fuel dilution, and dilution with ULSD. An order magnitude increase in corrosive wear was seen in the tests with B-100. Lower corrosion occurred with the CJ-4 lubricant.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Increased Resistance of Carrot-Fed Rats to Carbon Tetrachloride

SummaryRats fed a carrot diet for 7 to 10 days are definitely more resistant to the hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride than corresponding animals fed either a well-balanced stock diet, or a low vitamin D but otherwise well-balanced diet.Admixture of activated charcoal at a 25% level with the stock diet endowed it with some protective action. The effect, however, was much less than given by the carrot diet.
Validating complex construction simulation models using 3D visualization

One of primary impediments in the use of discrete-event simulation to plan and design construction operations is that decision-makers often do not have the means, the knowledge, and/or the time to check the veracity and the validity of simulation models and thus have little confidence in the results. Visualizing simulated operations in 3D can be of substantial help in the verification, validation, and accreditation of simulation models. In addition, visualization can provide valuable insight into subtleties of modeled operations that are otherwise non-quantifiable and presentable. This paper investigates the efficacy of 3D visualization in verifying and validating discrete-event construction simulation models. The paper presents a case study of a simulation model of an earthmoving operation with fairly complex control logic that was verified and validated by visualizing the operation in 3D. The simulation model for the example was developed using Stroboscope and was visualized using the Dynamic Construction Visualizer.
In situ combustion synthesis of dense ceramic and ceramic-metal interpenetrating phase composites

A model exothermic reaction is used to demonstrate the application of simultaneous combustion synthesis, conducted under a consolidating pressure, as a one-stepin situ synthesis technique for the production of dense ceramic and ceramic-metal interpenetrating phase composites (IPC). The addition of an excess amount of metal,e.g., Al, and/or a diluent,e.g., Al2O3, lowers the combustion temperature and aids in the refinement of the microstructure, facilitating an increase in compressive strength and elastic modulus. The effects of the important process parameters,e.g., reaction stoichiometry and diluents, green density, pressure, and temperature, on microstructure and properties of these high-performance composites are discussed.
Violent Critical Incidents in Four Types of Violent Interspousal Relationships

SUMMARY Violent critical incidents (relationally important interactional sequences about which inferences can be made) in archival data from the 1975 first national survey of family violence were examined in four couple types: Agreeable-Intimate, Conflictive-Intimate, Detached, and Diffident. The total number of violent behaviors in the critical incidents and six kinds of behaviors that occurred during the violent critical incidents (escalation, de-escalation, reasoning, symbolic violence, less-severe physical violence, and severe physical violence) were examined. Descriptive statistics revealed differences among the four couple types in all seven variables, and the chief finding of the study is that de-escalations, symbolic violence, and severe beating violence can be statistically significantly discriminated by couple type. This finding supports the contention that seeming contradictions in the literature (e.g., some research finding inequitable, husband-dominant role structure, and other research findi...
Amey : A multipurpose, russet-skinned potato cultivar for the eastern United States

Amey is a late-maturing, russet-skinned, whitefleshed potato cultivar that yields more than Russet Burbank in most eastern United States potato production areas. Tubers of Amey are mostly oblong, occasionally long, with an evenly russetted skin. Tubers of Amey are smoother, more attractive, and have a much lower incidence of external defects than Russet Burbank. The specific gravity of Amey is equal to or greater than the specific gravity of Russet Burbank. French fries produced from Amey are lighter than or equal in color to those produced from Russet Burbank; however, tubers are frequently not long enough to satisfy the french fry industry. Baking and taste quality of Amey are excellent, and it has potential as a fresh market potato. Amey is resistant to race Rol of the golden nematode, powdery scab, and common scab. It is moderately susceptible to Verticillium wilt. It is susceptible to potato leafroll virus, late blight, and early blight.
Bonding radii of 80S ribosomes.

THERE are now clear descriptions of the packing of ribosomes from two different nucleated organisms into two different crystal forms. One form, the chromatoid bodies of Entamoeba invadens, is a hexagonal array of helices1. The other form, found in mitotic cells of chilled chick embryos, consists of tightly packed layers of plane lattices2. At first sight there is no apparent relation between the packing of ribosomes within these two forms. We will show, however, that there is a way of looking at the bonds which these ribosomes form which closely relates one packing scheme to the other.
Alterations of evoked potentials in the medial lemniscus of the rat due to acute and chronic elevations in blood pressure.

Abstract The influence of elevated blood pressure on evoked field potentials in the medial lemniscus induced by peripheral stimulation was studied in the rat. Acute hypertension as a result of phenylephrine infusions reduced the size of this response in individual Wistar Kyot rats. Chronic renal hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats also cuased a reduction in the dorsal column-medial lemniscal evoked response. These results confirm an inhibitory action of elevated blood pressure on transmission in through the dorsal column nuclei.
Vibration of antisymmetric laminated plates using eigensensitivity analysis

Abstract Approximate closed-form expressions are developed to predict the vibration of rectangular angle-ply antisymmetric laminated composite plates. The set of partial differential equations is first represented in abstract form and then converted into discrete form using an Ritz approach. Sensitivity derivatives are determined which are used to provide a Maclaurin series representation of the laminate's frequency. A comparison of numerical results calculated for various boundary conditions using both the derived formula and the Rayleigh-Ritz method validates the accuracy of the approximate formula.
The Cardiorenal Syndrome in Heart Failure: An Evolving Paradigm

Heart failure constitutes a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and its incidence and prevalence continue to grow, increasing its burden on the healthcare system. Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure is common and has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This interaction, termed the cardiorenal syndrome, is a complex phenomenon characterized by a pathophysiologic disequilibrium between the heart and the kidney, in which malfunction of 1 organ consequently promotes the impairment of the other. Multiple neurohumoral mechanisms are involved in this cardiorenal interaction, including the deficiency of and/or resistance to compensatory natriuretic peptides, leading to sodium retention, volume overload and organ remodeling. Management of patients with the cardiorenal syndrome can be challenging and should be individualized. Emerging therapies must address the function of both organs to secure better clinical outcomes. To this end, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended to achieve optimal results.
Reparación endovascular de la rotura de un aneurisma de la aorta torácica descendente en un paciente con aneurisma aórtico ascendente: reparación abierta híbrida del cayado con despliegue simultáneo de endoprótesis torácica en trompa de elefante

En la actualidad, la reparacion endovascular de la aorta toracica es un procedimiento de uso difundido. Sin embargo, la aplicacion de esta tecnica en situacion de urgencia se encuentra en evolucion. La patologia de la aorta ascendente y del cayado aortico puede impedir la implantacion de una endoprotesis en la aorta toracica debido a la ausencia de una zona de sellado proximal. Se han descrito diversos abordajes abiertos/endovasculares hibridos. Recientemente tratamos un dificil caso de rotura contenida de un aneurisma de aorta toracica de 6,8 cm de diametro, en un paciente de 60 anos de edad con una degeneracion aneurismatica de la porcion ascendente y transversal del cayado aortico. El paciente fue tratado con un abordaje hibrido de reparacion abierta y reconstruccion del cayado aortico junto con la implantacion simultanea de una endoprotesis en la aorta toracica descendente. La reparacion abierta establecio una zona limitrofe proximal excelente usando la tecnica de la “trompa de elefante”. Esta tecnica tambien permitio la fijacion directa mediante sutura de la endoprotesis al injerto del cayado para impedir su migracion. Este abordaje quirurgico hibrido fue satisfactorio y evito la morbilidad asociada que un abordaje toracoabdominal izquierdo habria anadido a la esternotomia. Sin duda, las variaciones creativas que permiten las tecnicas hibridas desempenaran un papel primordial en el tratamiento de la patologia de la aorta toracica.
Components of Air in Relation to Animal Life

OXYGEN, since the time of Lavoisier, has been considered the vital component of the air: the 79.19 per cent inert part has had little use assigned it. Popular opinion had stated that animal life would be more efficient if these inert gases were replaced by oxygen. Carefully conducted experiments covering a period of six years have shown the following facts in regard to animal life and the components of the air.
Kinetics of formation of fibrin oligomers. I. Theory.

The course of formation of fibrin oligomers is treated theoretically for the condition that self-assembly of fibrin monomers is rapid compared with the loss of A peptides by the enzymatic action of thrombin. The rate constant for removal of the second A peptide is taken to be larger than that for the first by an arbitrary factor q; the association of activated A sites with their complementary a sites is assumed to be random and independent of oligomer size. Two types of oligomers are considered: noncovalently bonded protofibrils formed by the staggered overlap of thrombin-activated monomers and covalently bonded linear oligomers formed by factor XIIIa-mediated end-to-end ligation of adjacent monomers within protofibrils. Oligomers of the first type, if ligated, are dissociated to oligomers of the second type by solubilization in SDS–urea. Theoretical curves are presented for xw and x′w (weight-average degree of polymerization of staggered overlap and linear ligated oligomers, respectively) and for the weight fractions of monomer, dimer, and decamer of both ligated and unligated species as functions of y, the fraction of A peptide removed; and also for wx and w′x, the weight fractions of x-mer of the respective oligomer types, as a function of x at y = 0.5. With increasing q, the maximum wx or w′x that a low oligomer will reach during the reaction decreases and the size distribution is broadened toward larger oligomers. Comparison with experiment is made in a companion paper.
Reversal Learning of Object and Positional Discriminations by Mink, Ferrets and Skunks:

Mink, ferrets and skunks were tested on successive reversals of two-choice object or positional discriminations in a modified Wisconsin General Training Apparatus. All species showed considerable improvement in performance after considerable training and some subjects exhibited one-trial reversal learning. Mink and ferrets persistently made more errors when position cues were relevant than when object cues were relevant; the reverse was true of skunks.
Optical attenuation in titania-silica glasses

Abstract The bleaching of bulk titania-silica glasses in the annealing temperature range is investigated. The sample-size kinetics can be predicted from the hydrogen diffusion coefficient. Hydrogen gas is evolved from both titania-silica and silica glass but in larger amount from the former. In the bleaching process, Ti 3+ ions disappear from the titania-silica glass. These results are consistent with the coloration caused by Ti 3+ which is oxidized by OH- in the glass to produce gaseous hydrogen.
Immigration, Ethnic Stratification, and Native Working Class Discipline: Comparisons of Documented and Undocumented Dominicans.

A number of notions regarding the functions served by international labor immigration, expecially the undocumented population, are examined in this article. Comparisons of the working conditions of documented and undocumented Dominicans in New York City are made. Although the two groups resemble one another in terms of organization and industrial sector of employment, the organization of their respective firms is markedly different. It is concluded that one of the most important functions served by the illegal alien population is political and resides in its controllability by employers in the second? ary labor market and, consequently, operates to discipline the native labor force.
Teething--are today's pediatricians using yesterday's notions?

A CONTROLLED STUDY of the signs and symptoms of teething was published by Tasanen' in 1968. He concluded that teething can cause daytime restlessness, increases in finger sucking, gum rubbing, and drooling, and may cause a questionable loss of appetite. A survey of practicing pediatricians in the metropolitan Philadelphia area, however, demonstrated that many other signs and symptoms were being attributed to teething. The findings of this survey and their implications are the basis for this paper.
A new tendon pulley passer

A new instrument* is introduced to facilitate passing pulleys circumferentially around the digital phalanx during flexor tendon reconstruction. The location of and material for pulley reconstruction have been surveyed. 1-5 Lister has used a Penrose drain with a right-angled hemostat for pulley passing. Personally, I have observed some surgeons using an aneurysm needle. This new pulley passer was inspired by a standard