cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Race and Frailty in Older Adults Presenting to a Nononcologic Urology Practice

Abstract Objective To explore whether there is an association between nonwhite race and frailty among older adults presenting to an academic nononcologic urology practice. Materials and Methods This is a prospective study of individuals ages ≥65years presenting to a nononcologic urology practice between December 2015 and November 2016. All individuals had a Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT, where a slower TUGT time of ≥15 seconds is suggestive of frailty. TUGT times, race (white vs nonwhite), and other clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record using direct queries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between race and slower TUGT times while adjusting for age, gender, number of medications, body mass index, and number of urologic diagnoses. Results Among the 1715 individuals in our cohort, 33.9% were of nonwhite race and 15.3% had TUGT ≥15 seconds. A higher percentage of nonwhite individuals had TUGT times ≥15 seconds compared to white individuals (23.6% vs 11.1%, P Conclusion Among older adults presenting to an academic nononcologic urology practice, nonwhite race was associated with increased odds of frailty. A greater understanding of the relationship between race and frailty is needed to better address the needs of this vulnerable population.
Leveraging Open Algorithms (OPAL) for the Safe, Ethical, and Scalable Use of Private Sector Data in Crisis Contexts

The Open Algorithms (OPAL) is an approach where a dedicated server installed within a data holding institution receives queries from the outside world and responds with aggregated and anonymized indicators, thus providing insights into the raw data that reside inside the institution without jeopardizing these assets. This chapter discusses how in the future the Open Algorithms (OPAL) system or an equivalent mechanism could allow using data collected and controlled by private companies that are shared through data challenges such as the D4R in a scalable, ethical manner.
Chemical state effects on the Auger transitions in Cr, Fe, and Cu compounds

Abstract As a sophisticated surface elemental analysis tool, electron-excited Auger electron spectroscopy offers excellent spatial resolution (
Topical Interventions Improve Outcomes After Cryosurgery for Actinic Keratosis.

Based on a review of low-quality evidence, adding a topical intervention after cryosurgery for actinic keratosis improves the likelihood of complete clearance from 46% to 79% (number needed to treat = 3).
Electron transport chain activity is a predictor and target for venetoclax sensitivity in multiple myeloma

The BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax is highly effective in multiple myeloma (MM) patients exhibiting the 11;14 translocation, the mechanistic basis of which is unknown. In evaluating cellular energetics and metabolism of t(11;14) and non-t(11;14) MM, we determine that venetoclax-sensitive myeloma has reduced mitochondrial respiration. Consistent with this, low electron transport chain (ETC) Complex I and Complex II activities correlate with venetoclax sensitivity. Inhibition of Complex I, using IACS-010759, an orally bioavailable Complex I inhibitor in clinical trials, as well as succinate ubiquinone reductase (SQR) activity of Complex II, using thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) or introduction of SDHC R72C mutant, independently sensitize resistant MM to venetoclax. We demonstrate that ETC inhibition increases BCL-2 dependence and the 'primed' state via the ATF4-BIM/NOXA axis. Further, SQR activity correlates with venetoclax sensitivity in patient samples irrespective of t(11;14) status. Use of SQR activity in a functional-biomarker informed manner may better select for MM patients responsive to venetoclax therapy.
Kinetic, spectral, and structural studies of the slow-binding inhibition of the Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate synthase by 2, 4-oxo-pentanoic acid.

Abstract Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway for production of l -lysine in bacteria and plants. The enzyme has received interest as a potential drug target owing to the absence of the enzyme in mammals. The DHDPS reaction is the rate limiting step in lysine biosynthesis and involves the condensation of l -aspartate-β-semialdehyde and pyruvate to form 2, 3-dihydrodipicolinate. 2, 4-oxo-pentanoic acid (acetopyruvate) is a slow-binding inhibitor of DHDPS that is competitive versus pyruvate with an initial Ki of about 20 μM and a final inhibition constant of about 1.4 μM. The enzyme:acetopyruvate complex displays an absorbance spectrum with a λmax at 304 nm and a longer wavelength shoulder. The rate constant for formation of the complex is 86 M−1 s−1. The enzyme forms a covalent enamine complex with the first substrate pyruvate and can be observed spectrally with a λmax at 271 nm. The spectra of the enzyme in the presence of pyruvate and acetopyruvate shows the initial formation of the pyruvate enamine intermediate followed by the slower appearance of the E:acetopyruvate spectra with a rate constant of about 0.013 s−1. The spectral studies suggest the formation of a Schiff base between acetopyruvate and K161 on enzyme that subsequently deprotonates to form a resonance stabilized anion similar to the enamine intermediate formed with pyruvate. The crystal structure of the E:acetopyruvate complex confirms the formation of the Schiff base between acetopyruvate and K161.
Other-initiated repair and preference principles in an oral classroom

Abstract This study explores how the conversational principles of minimization and progressivity are observed in an oral classroom for deaf or hard-of-hearing (D/HH) preschoolers, a setting almost entirely designed to develop students' speech skills and get them to “use their words” as much as possible. Using Conversation Analysis, I examine teacher-student talk and find that the use of other-initiated repair is one predominant method for eliciting students' speech. In particular, acceptability repairs were routinely used to target the modality and minimal formulations of students' responses to the teacher's first-actions, yielding preferences for vocalization and maximization. However, following these preferences subverts certain norms associated with minimization and responding in ordinary conversation, which presents a potential practical dilemma of exposing D/HH children to the social norms of their oral classroom while also preparing them for interactions in mainstream society. I propose acceptability repair as a pedagogical tool of the oral classroom and illustrate how repair machinery can be mobilized to accomplish particular goals, as well as how preference principles taken from an ordinary to an institutional setting can acquire new interactional meaning under the conditions of a specific social context. Data draws from 20 h of video-recordings in one classroom in Southern California.
Unrecognized perforation into the anterior interventricular vein complicating PCI for anterior STEMI: An unexpected detour

Large iatrogenic coronary artery perforations require rapid management; however, operators must be able to recognize guidewire perforation into cardiac veins in order to avoid causing further complications with standard salvage strategies.
Sleep moderates the effect of positive affect on circulating interleukin-6 in patients with temporomandibular disorder

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are idiopathic orofacial pain conditions. Inflammation—particularly elevated circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6)—is associated with pain symptoms. Prior work in healthy samples has shown that trait positive affect (PA) is associated with lower IL-6, but that poor sleep attenuates PA and elevates IL-6. Although poor sleep has been associated with increased IL-6 in chronic pain, the effects of trait PA on IL-6 and potential moderation by sleep are not known. We thus investigated the effect of PA on circulating IL-6 and moderation of that effect by sleep, in 118 women with TMD and at least subclinical insomnia. Participants completed the insomnia severity index at baseline and subsequently completed a 14-day daily diary assessing sleep continuity, PA and negative affect. Sleep continuity was objectively assessed with wrist actigraphy over the same period. Both diary and actigraphy data were aggregated by computing person means. IL-6 was measured via blood samples obtained at 5 intervals prior to (i.e., resting), during and following an evoked pain testing session involving painful mechanical, heat and cold stimuli. PA did not predict resting or pain-evoked IL-6. However, multiple measures of sleep interacted with PA in the prediction of resting IL-6. Specifically, diary total sleep time (TST; b = -0.002, p = .003) and insomnia severity (b = .02, p = .03) moderated the effect of PA on resting IL-6, such that higher PA predicted lower resting IL-6 only when insomnia severity was lower or TST was higher. Remaining measures of sleep continuity were not significant moderators. Lower self-reported TST and higher insomnia severity eroded the salutary effects of PA on resting IL-6, underscoring sleep as a key intervention target in TMD. Modulation of positive affect's effect on IL-6 could be a pathway through which poor sleep impacts TMD-related outcomes. 3R01DE019731-05S1.
MCI Criteria in ADNI: Meeting Biological Expectations

In his Clinical Note, “Amnestic MCI in ADNI: Maybe Not Enough Memory Impairment?” Duff1 raises important issues regarding the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). As he comments, MCI is often a transitional condition between the cognitive changes of aging and dementia. The criteria for MCI have been reasonably consistent and accepted, but the implementation of the criteria has posed significant issues.2,3
Robotic-assisted stereotactic drainage of cerebral abscess and placement of ventriculostomy.

Background Robotic surgery has found increasing use in multiple subfields of neurosurgery. While the initial applications of stereotactic robotic surgery were for the placement of electrodes for extra-operative seizure monitoring, this technique has become increasingly relevant in other areas of neurosurgery. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of successful robotic surgery utilization to drain a cerebral abscess and place an external ventricular drain. Case report The authors demonstrate a novel use for stereotactic robotic assistance to drain a cerebral abscess and place ventriculostomy in a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a left basal ganglia Streptococcus intermedius abscess and concomitant ventriculitis. Drainage of a deep-seated abscess and placement of ventriculostomy was successfully performed in this patient without intraoperative difficulties or complications. The total operative time, including registration was 64 minutes and the estimated blood loss was 25 mL. The patient recovered well and was discharged to inpatient rehabilitation on postoperative day 19. Conclusions The use of robotic surgery to drain cerebral abscesses and place ventriculostomies is technically feasible and may potentially decrease operative time and increase accuracy and safety.
The first 100 infant thoracoscopic lobectomies: Observations through the learning curve and comparison to open lobectomy.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study is to describe our initial 100 attempted infant thoracoscopic lobectomies for asymptomatic, prenatally diagnosed lung lesions, and compare the results to contemporaneous age-matched patients undergoing open lobectomy. Background Infant thoracoscopic lobectomy is a technically challenging procedure, which has only gained acceptance worldwide in recent years. Methods This is a retrospective review of all patients undergoing thoracoscopic or open lung lobectomy between March 2005 and January 2014. Included were all asymptomatic infants younger than 4months. Excluded were patients undergoing emergent lobectomy and patients with isolated extralobar bronchopulmonary sequestrations. Results A total of 100 attempted thoracoscopic lobectomies were compared with 188 open lobectomies. In the thoracoscopic group, mean age and weight at surgery were 7.3weeks and 4.8kg, mean operative time was 185minutes, and mean hospital stay was 3days. Twelve cases were converted to open (12%). Ten conversions occurred within the first third of the series and none in the last third. There were no mortalities. There were no differences between the thoracoscopic and open groups in perioperative complications or hospital stay. There was a significant difference in the operative time: 111minutes vs. 185minutes (open vs. thoracoscopic; p 2 ) and lower mean peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) in the thoracoscopic group versus the open group (51.7 versus 38.6mmHg and 97.5 versus 99.1%, respectively). Conclusion In high volume centers, the learning curve of thoracoscopic lobectomy can be overcome and the procedure can be performed with equivalent outcomes and, in our opinion, superior cosmetic results to open lobectomy.
Novel approaches to the treatment of post compressive spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injuries are an important cause of longterm disability with current estimates of their frequency at a range of 30-50 cases per million population. Over the last decade, our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with spinal cord injury has increased dramatically. Clinical and basic science research have improved our ability to preserve and restore function following these devastating injuries. In this chapter, we will briefly review some of the important advancements that have been gained through basic science research, and in particular review our experimental findings utilizing a model of compressive spinal cord injury.
3 Paternal Investment and lntracellular Sperm-Egg Interactions during and Following Fertilization in Drosophila

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the new results and information since that time, particularly as they relate to paternal contributions, including extragenic contributions, to fertilization. This chapter describes the fundamentals of insect fertilization, fertilization and early embryonic development in the dipteran D. melanogaster , and, where appropriate, to the related insect species. Another important purpose of this chapter is to provide a forum for the speculation about the significance and purpose of the evolution of sperm gigantism in insects. In this context, four speculative models that may be relevant to this unique and intriguing biological conundrum will be presented. An even more controverial idea, that extragenic paternal investments, participate in the development of the early embryo, are discussed in the chapter. Laboratory is engaged in the biochemical and cellular analysis of some of the proteins associated with the fertilization in Drosophila . The approach has been to characterize the sperm-associated proteins identified, using monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies have identified a large family of proteins, many of which are specific to testes, related by their antibody reactivity. The evolutionary and developmental consequences of sperm structure in the egg, and the potential importance of the sperm–egg interactions during and following fertilization is discussed in the chapter. In this context, the recent advances that have led to a deeper understanding of early development, particularly the isolation of maternal-effect mutations, affecting fertilization and/or the very earliest stages immediately following fertilization are also discussed in this chapter.
Tracking a Vehicle Moving in a Wireless Sensor Network

This paper deals with the problem of tracking a radio controlled vehicle (RCV) fitted with LED’s moving within a wireless sensor network (WSN). The WSN test bed is made up of a number of Mica2 motes with fixed and know locations and equipped with light sensors. To reduce the overload of communications, power consumption, and allow for scalability, the network is divided into clusters, where members of each cluster communicate with the designated cluster head, which in turn communicates with a sink or another cluster head. When the RCV moves within the motes, a mote in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle becomes ‘hot’, i.e., its intensity exceeds a predetermined threshold, and it relays to its cluster head its ID and the intensity of its reading. The cluster head, in turns, establishes the location of ‘hottest’ mote, and uses this information to dynamically update the new location of the vehicle along with its velocity and acceleration.
The Next Upsurge: Labor and the New Social Movements

The Next Upsurge: Labor and the New Social Movements. Dan Clawson. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Differential diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

Symmetric proximal muscle weakness has many potential etiologies. An onset over weeks to months and elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes point to the diagnosis of an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, including dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis. However, there is a broad differential diagnosis, including certain muscular dystrophies, metabolic myopathies, drug- or toxin-induced myotoxicity, neuropathies, and infectious myositides. The differentiation is critical for defining appropriate treatment. In addition, an alternative diagnosis may explain the lack of response to immunosuppressive treatment for some patients with polymyositis. Careful clinical evaluation and choice of available diagnostic tests are required to establish the correct diagnosis.
Directed self-assembly of poly(styrene)-block-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers for sub-20nm pitch patterning

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers is a promising technology for extending the patterning capability of current lithographic exposure tools. For example, production of sub-40 nm pitch features using 193nm exposure technologies is conceivably possible using DSA methods without relying on time consuming, challenging, and expensive multiple patterning schemes. Significant recent work has focused on demonstration of the ability to produce large areas of regular grating structures with low numbers of defects using self-assembly of poly(styrene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers (PS-b-PMMA). While these recent results are promising and have shown the ability to print pitches approaching 20 nm using DSA, the ability to advance to even smaller pitches will be dependent upon the ability to develop new block copolymers with higher c values and the associated alignment and block removal processes required to achieve successful DSA with these new materials. This paper reports on work focused on identifying higher c block copolymers and their associated DSA processes for sub-20 nm pitch patterning. In this work, DSA using polystyrene-b-polyacid materials has been explored. Specifically, it is shown that poly(styrene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers (PS-b-PAA) is one promising material for achieving substantially smaller pitch patterns than those possible with PS-b-PMMA while still utilizing simple hydrocarbon polymers. In fact, it is anticipated that much of the learning that has been done with the PS-b-PMMA system, such as development of highly selective plasma etch block removal procedures, can be directly leveraged or transferred to the PS-b-PAA system. Acetone vapor annealing of PS-b-PAA (Mw=16,000 g/mol with 50:50 mole ratio of PS:PAA) and its self-assembly into a lamellar morphology is demonstrated to generate a pattern pitch size (L0) of 21 nm. The c value for PS-b-PAA was estimated from fingerprint pattern pitch data to be approximately 0.18 which is roughly 4.5 times greater than the &#967; for PS-b-PMMA (cPS-b-PMMA ~ 0.04).© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interplay of Structure, Hydration and Thermal Stability in Formacetal Modified Oligonucleotides: RNA May Tolerate Nonionic Modifications Better than DNA

DNA and RNA oligonucleotides having formacetal internucleoside linkages between uridine and adenosine nucleosides have been prepared and studied using UV thermal melting, osmotic stress, and X-ray crystallography. Formacetal modifications have remarkably different effects on double helical RNA and DNAethe formacetal stabilizes the RNA helix by +0.7 C but destabilizes the DNA helix by -1.6 C per modification. The apparently hydrophobic formacetal has little effect on hydration of RNA but decreases the hydration of DNA, which suggests that at least part of the difference in thermal stability may be related to differences in hydration. A crystal structure of modified DNA shows that two isolated formacetal linkages fit almost perfectly in an A-type helix (decamer). Taken together, the data suggest that RNA may tolerate nonionic backbone modifications better than DNA. Overall, formacetal appears to be an excellent mimic of phosphate linkage in RNA and an interesting modification for potential applications in fundamental studies and RNA-based gene control strategies, such as RNA interference.
Sublamination within the superficial gray layer of the squirrel monkey: an analysis of the tectopulvinar projection using anterograde and retrograde transport methods

Anterograde and retrograde tracing methods have been used to analyze the cells of origin and the axonal distribution of the tectopulvinar projection in the squirrel monkey. Our most interesting finding is that tectopulvinar neurons occupy a cytoarchitecturally distinct sublamina of the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) called the lower SGS (SGSL). The distinction between the SGSL and the upper SGS (SGSU) is further indicated by the findings of others that the SGSL receives different amounts of retinal and cortical input compared to the SGSU. Previous physiological studies have also shown that cells in the SGSL possess different response characteristics than those in the SGSU. Differences in cytoarchitecture, afferent and efferent connections, and physiological properties of the SGSL versus the SGSU indicate that sublaminae are the anatomical mechanism which enables different information channels to maintain some degree of autonomy within the SGS, and at the same time use the same topographic map within this layer.
Samarium filters for dental radiography

Abstract The spectral sensitivity of a widely used dental x-ray film was found to be at a maximum for photons in the 35 to 55 Kev. range. Theoretical considerations indicated that photons in the 37.5 to 40 Kev. range are best suited for dental radiography. Radiographs made with monoenergetic beams confirmed the theoretical conclusions. A sheet of 0.2 mm. thick samarium preferentially filtered the x-ray beam generated with 70 KVP so that most of the transmitted photons had energies in the 30 to 50 Kev. range. With this filter, the exposure time must be increased 2.25 times over that used with a 2 mm. aluminum filter, but its use reduced the skin exposure by about one third, the integral absorbed dose by 14 per cent, and the gonadal exposure by a lesser amount. The contrast displayed in radiographs made with the samarium filter was slightly better than that produced with conventional aluminum filters. The use of the samarium filter with 90 KVP radiation further reduced skin exposure and integral dose. However, these reductions were achieved at the expense of image quality.
Atmospheric ammonia measurement using a VUV/photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence technique.

Vacuum ultraviolet/photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence has been demonstrated to be a highly specific and sensitive method for the quantitative measurement of atmospheric ammonia (NH3). The fluorescence detected in this approach results from the two 193-nm photon photofragmentation step NH3 ⇒ NH2 ⇒ NH(b1∑+) followed by the excitation of the NH(b1∑+) ⇒ NH(c1Π) transition via a 450-nm photon with final emission being observed from the NH(c1Π) ⇒ NH(a1Δ) transition at 325 nm. Limits of detection for the instrument presented here are <10 pptv and <4 pptv for 1- and 5-min integration periods, respectively, in ambient sampling conditions. The technique is free from interferences and system performance does not significantly degrade in adverse sampling conditions (i.e., rain, fog, clouds, haze, etc.). Spectroscopic selectivity in the NH(b1∑+) ⇒ NH(c1Π) transition is sufficient to resolve 15NH3 and 14NH3 contributions for use in atmospheric tracer studies. Average ammonia measurements at Stone Mountain, GA, ranged from ≃110 pptv for air temperatures <5°C to ≃240 pptv for air temperatures ≥5°C over the period from Dec. 1987 to the end of Apr. 1988.
Review of Jan Baars, Aging and the Art of Living

Among bioethical issues, that of the aging population, particularly in industrialized cultures, tends to get pushed aside. For one matter, the issue seems to be ever receding toward the horizon, as...
Interactions of viruses with respiratory epithelial cells

Abstract The in-vivo growth of respiratory viruses is dependent on replication in epithelial cell populations forming the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract. Primary epithelial cells have been established in tissue culture and are providing insight into the control of replication of viruses such as influenza, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus. This review will focus on this system and more general exploration of the interactions of respiratory viruses with the epithelium.
Looking the Part: Social Status Cues Shape Race Perception

It is commonly believed that race is perceived through another's facial features, such as skin color. In the present research, we demonstrate that cues to social status that often surround a face systematically change the perception of its race. Participants categorized the race of faces that varied along White–Black morph continua and that were presented with high-status or low-status attire. Low-status attire increased the likelihood of categorization as Black, whereas high-status attire increased the likelihood of categorization as White; and this influence grew stronger as race became more ambiguous (Experiment 1). When faces with high-status attire were categorized as Black or faces with low-status attire were categorized as White, participants' hand movements nevertheless revealed a simultaneous attraction to select the other race-category response (stereotypically tied to the status cue) before arriving at a final categorization. Further, this attraction effect grew as race became more ambiguous (Experiment 2). Computational simulations then demonstrated that these effects may be accounted for by a neurally plausible person categorization system, in which contextual cues come to trigger stereotypes that in turn influence race perception. Together, the findings show how stereotypes interact with physical cues to shape person categorization, and suggest that social and contextual factors guide the perception of race.
Nanoimprinting ultrasmall and high-aspect-ratio structures by using rubber-toughened UV cured epoxy resist.

A simple and robust scheme is proposed for the fabrication of nanoscale (20 nm line width) and high-aspect-ratio (9:1) structures by using modulus-tunable UV curable epoxy resists. Additionally, the ability to control the Young’s modulus of the imprinted material from hard to rigiflex using these epoxy resists is demonstrated. The physical properties of the new epoxy resists were controlled by adjusting the ratio of bisphenol F-type epoxy resin and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber-based epoxy resin in the formulation of the resist. The mechanical properties of the resist were tuned to obtain various aspect ratios as well as mold flexibility for conformal contact over non-planar surfaces and large areas. In order to reduce the line width of the imprinted patterns, a process to conformally coat the mold structure by atomic layer deposition of alumina was also developed. Narrow lines with high-aspect-ratio features and with very low defect density were achieved via the new approach and the high mechanical strength of the new resist formulation.
Taps for the High Stakes Test

The article discusses a case study that stems from actual events, targets the issue of ethics in schools, and is applicable for use in a variety of educational leadership courses. The article examines the issues related to ethical responsibilities and high-stakes testing in public schools. The administration must decide what actions to take following the questionable practices of a teacher during the administration of a standardized test. The decisions of the parent, teacher, and principal will have an impact not only on the students currently enrolled in the class but also on the future educational practices within this campus and district.
Discrete adaptive design in attribute life testing

Properties of a discrete adaptive design in attribute life testing situation are studied. It is shown that the design is strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. Some examples are discussed to show that the design could be used in a wide range of ields, Finally, we give some simulation results to compare the discrete adaptive desigin with some continuous optimal designs.
Immunochemical features of a macromolecule of Treponema denticola

In this study the extraction and the immunochemical features of a lipopolysaccharide-like (LPSL) macromolecule of T. denticola strains 35405, 35404, 33521 and 11 were investigated. The yield of LPSL molecule ranged between 0.5-0.9% of the cell dry weight, it possessed Limulus amebocyte lysate clotting activity, and it contained glucosamine, phosphate, heptose, glucose, small amounts of KDO, myristic and beta hydroxy myristic acid. Sera obtained from healthy individuals (ADA type I) periodontitis, from 3-8 month old infants, or the mouse monoclonal antibody, diluted 1:2, against T. pallidum did not react with the LPSL antigens of T. denticola strains 35405, 35404, 33521, and 11. Sera from patients with ADA type III-IV periodontitis were reactive with two 8-14 kDa bands even at serum dilutions of 1:2000. Sera from patients with ADA type II periodontitis showed good antibody response to the 8-14 kDa band at a dilution of 1:50, but were weekly reactive, or nonreactive at serum dilutions of 1:200. This study indicates that extraction of a lipopolysaccharide-like macromolecule is feasible from the assay spirochetes, and this macromolecule may be used as an antigen for the diagnosis of ADA types II-IV periodontitis.
The use of computed radon entry rates to understand radon concentration in buildings.

The central role played by basement depressurization in drawing radon-contaminated soil gas into a structure has been demonstrated by calculating the radon entry rate from radon concentration and air infiltration measurements at different levels of basement depressurization in a single-family research house. The radon entry rate is found to be a linear function of basement depressurization in this house which indicates that the flow of soil gas into the structure is laminar. The radon entry rates calculated before and after using a mitigation procedure is shown to provide a better measure of the mitigation efficacy than the standard before and after mitigation radon measurements in a research house. In addition, an analysis of the possible flow characteristics of soil gas and uncontaminated air into a basement indicates that any attempt to predict long-term average radon exposure from short-term screening measurements will only be possible under severely restricted conditions. 22 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Popper and the 7th Approximation: The Problem of Taxonomy

Summary The conspicuous role of taxonomy and debates about taxonomy in the well-established physical science of pedology throws into question the Popperian rejection of definition and classification. Resume Le role important de la taxonomie et les debats a propos de la taxonomie dans cette science bien etablie qu'est la pedologie (etude des sols) remet en question le rejet, par Popper, des definitions et des classifications. Zusammenfassung Die wichtige Rolle der Taxonomie fur die Pedologie und die Diskussion, die sie in dieser bewahrten Wissenschaft auslost, stellen Poppers Venverfung der Definitionen und Klassifikationen in ein fragwurdiges Licht.
The reaction of adolescent offenders and nonoffenders to nonverbal emotion displays

Adolescent male offenders and nonoffenders were compared on two tasks designed to assess reactions to the nonverbal emotion expressions of others. It was found that the offender group was less accurate in labeling another's emotion states but that this difference was apparently a function of verbal intelligence. Further, the remits of the second task, a task not related to verbal intelligence, indicated that the punitive decisions of both the offender and nonoffender groups were similarly affected by the actors' nonverbal emotions. These results were discussed as indicating that much of the social insensitivity often ascribed to delinquents may simply be a result of impoverished verbal skills among this group. A deficit in verbal skills may preclude delinquents from adequately describing their perceptions of the emotional reactions of others and it may also necessitate a nonverbal, rather than verbal, reaction to others' emotions.
Automatic Curvilinear Quality Mesh Generation Driven by Smooth Boundary and Guaranteed Fidelity

Abstract The development of robust high-order finite element methods requires the construction of valid high-order meshes for complex geometries without user intervention. This paper presents a novel approach for automatically generating a high-order mesh with two main features: first, the boundary of the mesh is globally smooth; second, the mesh boundary satisfies a required fidelity tolerance. Invalid elements are eliminated. Example meshes demonstrate the features of the algorithm.
ORTHOPEDIC SOFT-TISSUE TUMORS: Concepts for the Primary Care Physician

Mesenchymal neoplasia includes an extensive variety of tumors. It is important that the primary care physician understand the different qualities of benign and malignant processes in incidence, pathogenesis, history, physical findings, and diagnostic work-up and, as a result, be able to make the appropriate orthopedic consultation when necessary. It also is important that they understand basic concepts of definitive treatment so that they may educate their patients. Table 2 lists some of the more common benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors. It is by no means an attempt to be inclusive, but rather to serve as an introduction to a vast group of neoplasms.
Rheumatoid arthritis: Connection to a rapid evolution mechanism?

Abstract The idea that disease and evolution may be related was raised by research on the sickle cell hemoglobin (Hb δ ) gene. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will be compared and contrasted with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), to develop the hypothesis that RA has a function linked to the modification of a rapid evolution mechanism.
Control of Ni–Sn interfacial reactions through reactant design

Abstract The reaction of modulated elemental films containing Ni and Sn was studied as a function of composition and annealing temperature. In contrast to bulk diffusion couples where Ni 3 Sn 4 is found to interfacially nucleate regardless of overall composition, the identity of the first compound nucleated from the modulated reactants is controlled by the initial composition of the reactant. Ni 3 Sn 4 was observed to nucleate on deposit for films with compositions close to that of this binary compound. Ni 3 Sn 2 and Ni 3 Sn were the first crystalline compounds nucleated from films near their respective compositions. These films were amorphous on deposit, however, requiring annealing temperatures of 400 °C to nucleate these binary compounds. Films prepared with compositions between those of the known binary compounds were amorphous on deposit and directly formed the expected thermodynamic mixtures of the known binary compounds without any crystalline intermediates. The previously reported metastable compound NiSn was not observed in this investigation.
The populational effects of inbreeding in Tribolium

Replicated populations of the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, were reared under nine population structures consisting of combinations of three effective population sizes and three interdemic migration rates. For each treatment, the expected loss of genetic variance within demes owing to the cumulative effects of finite population size was calculated and related to observed changes in density-dependent population growth rates. A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between the predicted decline in within-deme genetic variance and the degree to which a deme's rate of increase declined over time. Notably, changes in the rate of population increase could be detected when the predicted loss in genetic variance was as low as 10 per cent.
Exiles in a Land of Liberty: Mormons in America, 1830-1846

Using the concept of "classical republicanism" in his analysis, Kenneth Winn argues against the common view that the Mormon religion was an exceptional phenomenon representing a countercultural ideology fundamentally subversive to American society. Rather, he maintains, both the Saints and their enemies affirmed republican principles, but in radically different ways. Winn identifies the 1830 founding of the Mormon church as a religious protest against the pervasive disorder plaguing antebellum America, attracting people who saw the libertarianism, religious pluralism, and market capitalism of Jacksonian America as threats to the Republic. While non-Mormons shared the perception that the Union was in danger, many saw the Mormons as one of the chief threats. General fear of Joseph Smith and his followers led to verbal and physical attacks on the Saints, which reinforced the Mormons' conviction that America had descended into anarchy. By 1846, violent opposition had driven Mormons to the uninhabited Great Salt Lake Basin.
The magma budget of Volcan Arenal, Costa Rica from 1968 to 1980

The magma volume emitted by Volcan Arenal, Costa Rica, has been calculated to be 304 x 10 to the 6th cu m. A near-continuous rise from very deep within the crust is proposed as an explanation for Arenal's magma supply, and the long-term seismic pattern is interpreted as individual batches of magma using previously fractured pathways. During a break in activity (1973) the effusion site moved from Crater A to Crater C, approximately 400 m higher. It is maintained that the steady downward tilting of the volcano's summit was caused by the loading of the volcano's western side by about 19 x 10 to the 6th cu m of lava. Also noted is the abrupt decrease in effusion rate compatible with the increased magmatic head needed to reach Crater C. It is concluded that the constancy of magma composition and effusion rate from 1974 to 1980 indicates a homogeneous magma reservoir.
The Influence of Landscape Position and Catchment Characteristics on Aquatic Biogeochemistry in High-Elevation Lake-Chains

To examine the influence of landscape characteristics and landscape position on aquatic biogeochemistry, we sampled a total of 76 lakes within 14 different lake-chains spanning the latitudinal extent of the high-elevation Sierra Nevada (California). We measured water chemistry, dissolved organic matter (DOM), nutrients, and biotic variables in study catchments that encompassed representative ranges of area (3–22 km2), elevation (2,200–3,700 m.a.s.l), elevation change (50–700 m), and average slope (13°–26°). Hierarchical models were used to account for variability in biogeochemistry because they explicitly maintain the framework of lakes within individual lake-chains while accounting for variation among lake-chains. Unconditional means models, where lake-chain was a random effect, revealed significant differences among lake-chains for nearly all biogeochemical variables. Models explained 42–95% of this variability, with the majority of the variation (70%) explained by the among lake-chain component. To explore the amount of additional variation explained by lake landscape position, we added lake network number (LNN) to models. LNN explained a significant amount of additional variation (7% average) in 8 of 23 biogeochemical parameters. However, it explained more variability within individual lake-chains (75%), where among lake-chain differences did not obscure patterns. Patterns of increase with LNN were found for dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, fluorescence of DOM, alkalinity, and bacterioplankton abundance, whereas nitrate and nitrogen to phosphorus nutrient ratios decreased. LNN explained variation because it served as a proxy for underlying catchment characteristics that changed consistently along downstream flow paths. To characterize the amount of variation explained by catchment characteristics alone, we fit a third model that included lake-chain as a random effect and landscape or lake morphometry attributes as fixed effects. Catchment characteristics explained about as much additional variation (6%) as LNN, but for substantially more biogeochemical parameters (18 out of 23). The catchment characteristics most predictive of biogeochemistry were land-cover factors delineating alpine and subalpine zones (elevation, slope, or proportions of rock or shrub cover). In general, catchment characteristics were stronger predictors of biogeochemistry than characteristics of lake morphometry, emphasizing the relative importance of landscape processes in snowmelt-dominated lake ecosystems.
What services marketers need to know about the mobility‐ disabled consumer

Examines the plight and characteristics of a sample of mobility‐disabled consumers and, using primary information, looks at their sources of information, shopping patterns and decision criteria. Shows that the mobility disabled represent a unique market compared with the nondisabled, and discusses managerial implications relevant to the services marketer.
Oxygen Surface Exchange Kinetics on Sr-Substituted Lanthanum Manganite and Ferrite Thin-Film Microelectrodes

The surface oxygen exchange kinetics occurring on dense La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 (65 nm thick) and La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 (110 nm thick) thin films were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy revealed that the bulk film compositions were consistent with the nominal stoichiometry, with La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 having a slight Fe deficiency. Surface compositions of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 and La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 were enriched in La using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. EIS data were utilized to determine the surface oxygen exchange coefficients, k q and k chem , in the range of temperatures from 790 to 660°C and oxygen partial pressures from 10 ―5 to 1 atm. The magnitudes of k q and k chem were found comparable for both La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 and La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 , and a P O2 dependence m fell in the range from ∼0.2 to ∼0.3. The thermodynamic enhancement factor γ was consistently higher for La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 than La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 , which was in reasonable agreement with estimates based on thermogravimetric data of powder materials reported previously. The chemical capacitance for La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 was approximately 1 order of magnitude larger than La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 , which indicates a larger oxygen vacancy content. The rate-limiting steps of surface oxygen exchange on La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 and La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 were discussed with regard to previously proposed models.
Influence of alloyed Sn atoms on the chemisorption properties of Ni(111) as probed by RAIRS and TPD studies of CO adsorption

Abstract The chemisorption of CO on NiSn alloys formed on a Ni(111) surface has been studied with reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Formation of the (√3 × √3) R 30°- Sn Ni (111) surface alloy strongly suppresses CO adsorption. Only 0.04 ML CO can be chemisorbed on this surface at 110 K, exclusively at atop sites. The binding energy of this adsorbed CO is reduced to only about 15 kcal/mol. Additionally, no significant effect of subsurface Sn on CO chemisorption on this alloy was observed. These results are in sharp contrast to our previous results for CO chemisorption on the (√3 × √3) R 30°- Sn Pt (111) surface alloy, where the chemisorbed CO saturation coverage, adsorption site distribution and desorption temperature were quite similar to those properties of the Pt(111) surface. We ascribe the influence of alloyed Sn atoms on the CO chemisorption properties of this Sn Ni (111) surface alloy to be due to repulsive SnCO interactions at the NiCO distance required for chemisorption. The differences in the chemisorption properties of these PtSn and NiSn alloys are rationalized by considering the different sizes of the surface unit cells and the location of Sn with respect to the surface plane (the Sn buckling distance). These results have important implications for the discussion and determination of ensemble sizes at bimetallic surfaces since the surface chemistry depends strongly on the vertical position of the modifier.
Significance of complete left bundle branch block with left axis deviation

Abstract Left axis deviation occurring with complete left bundle branch block may represent divisional left anterior hemiblock in addition to predivisional left bundle branch block. To study this possibility the electrocardiograms of 84 patients with left bundle branch block, in whom previous electrocardiograms were available, were reviewed. There were 49 patients with left bundle branch block and left axis deviation (greater than − 30 °) (group A) and 35 patients with left bundle branch block and normal frontal axis (group B). The mean age, QRS interval and time Interval between the first and the qualifying electrocardiogram were similar in both groups. The male female ratio was significantly different (P
Childhood Vestibular Disorders A Tutorial

There is a growing body of evidence that childhood disorders affecting the vestibular system, although rare, do exist. Describing symptoms associated with the vestibular mechanism for children may be difficult, resulting in misdiagnosing or under-diagnosing these conditions. The pathophysiology, symptoms, and management options of the more common childhood disorders that may affect the vestibular system are addressed in this article. Vestibular problems associated with fetal alcohol syndrome and vestibular deficits in children who are deaf also are discussed. Vestibular deficits can affect not only a child's health but also the child's ability to learn, as well as the child's overall academic achievement. It is important for professionals working with children to recognize signs and symptoms associated with vestibular disorders because appropriate diagnosis and treatment are crucial for positive outcomes.
Prevalence of triceps tendon tears on MRI of the elbow and clinical correlation.

Objective Triceps tendon injuries are reported to be very rare. To our knowledge, there have been no studies describing its prevalence or injury patterns on MR imaging. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of triceps injuries based on a large series of consecutive MR examinations. Clinical correlation was obtained.
Effects of Interference in STM With Minimum Covert Rehearsal.

Each of 54 CCCs was followed by an interpolated task consisting of a series of random digits and letters. Ss' task was to recall the trigram and the number of occurrences of the first digit in the ...