cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE SYSTEMS: EFFECTS ON ESTUARINE BIOTA

ABSTRACT A literature review was made concerning the environmental impact of organochlorine pesticides on estuarine biota. Considerable laboratory information is available concerning the acute and chronic effects of these pesticides on aquatic organisms. Indications are that movement of such compounds through the environment is a complex process which involves numerous variables. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides is complicated by different attenuation mechanisms such as volatilization, microbial or chemical decomposition, biochemical and photochemical degradation, and bioconcentration. Various pathways of transfer and bioaccumulation have been shown. Despite a considerable effort to document the distribution of pesticide residues in estuaries in the United States, the ultimate fate of such chemicals in aquatic systems remains largely undetermined. Recent interest has been shown in the chronic effects of pesticides on common estuarine organisms. This has included studies concerning embryological development and reproductive capacity of individual species. The data indicate maximal impact at some stage other than the adult, and that species-specific embryological response and yolk utilization are often involved in the reaction. Pesticide-induced behavioral anomalies have also been described. However, the ecological implications of such work remains unknown even though altered behavior could have a significant effect on the environmental impact of such toxicants. The few data involving synergistic relationships of different combinations of pollutants and modifying factors bring into focus the sheer complexity of the situation. With the exception of a few intensive field studies, relatively little is known concerning population and community response to chronic levels of pesticide residues in estuarine biota. More long-term, integrated field and laboratory studies will be needed if the actual environmental effects of pesticides on estuarine ecosystems are to be determined.
Coming Up Short: Risks of Bias in Assessing Psychological Outcomes in Growth Hormone Therapy for Short Stature

Context: Two often cited assumptions for treating children with GH are that short stature (SS), as an isolated physical characteristic, is associated with psychosocial morbidity and that GH treatment may increase height and improve psychological adjustment. Findings across studies regarding the psychological consequences associated with GH management of children with SS are variable and frequently contradictory. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the degree to which any conclusions about the relative risks or benefits of GH treatment on psychological outcomes can be made based on the published literature. Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized studies, published between 1958–2014, in which GH was administered for management of children with SS and psychosocial, cognitive, academic, or health-related quality of life outcomes were assessed. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's...
What Do Law Clerks Do

What do judges’ law clerks do? Do clerks have too much influence on judicial decisions, or virtually none? What can a clerk gain from the experience? Do the judges gain from the relationship as well, or are they primarily mentors giving more to the recent graduate than they receive in return? This article is an effort of a former law clerk to answer these and related questions for law students considering clerkships and practicing lawyers who would like to know more about these somewhat mysterious participants in the judicial process.
Appellate Practice in Nebraska: A Primer in How to Be More Effective

Derived from the similarly-titled Creighton Law Review article (Real, Appellate Practice in Nebraska: A Thorough, Though Not Exhaustive, Primer In How To Do It And How To Be More Effective, 39 Creighton L.Rev. 29 (2005), this article published by the Nebraska Lawyer magazine (July 2006) focuses on a discussion of techniques for more effective appellate advocacy, including more effective written advocacy (brief writing) and more effective oral advocacy (oral arguments). This article is derived from the second half of the law review article.
Sealab II and Skylab: Psychological Fieldwork in Extreme Spaces

Sealab II, an underwater habitat experiment conducted by the Navy in 1965, and Skylab, NASA’s proto-space station launched into Earth orbit in 1973, are examples of extreme environments in which psychological research was carried out on the inhabitants of these spaces. These vessels showcase attention paid to psychological field research during the Cold War, a time when isolated confined environments and small group studies were funded under federal auspices for national defense purposes. These case studies challenge historians to re-evaluate existing definitions of the laboratory and of fieldwork, as their application to novel spaces in postwar social science research differed from prior uses of these terms.
The Genus Circinella

A taxonomic study of the genus Circinella has been made. A key is presented for the identification of the eight recognized species, including one new species, C. linderi. Zygospores of C. muscae an...
The Isis manifesto

Stan Crooke details the challenges in building a venture around an innovative platform and the implications for the industry going forward.
Atomic-Resolution X-ray Analysis in Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopes: Current Limits and Challenges toward Quantification

X-ray analysis has been widely performed as one of the most robust characterization approaches in scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) for ~40 years because of its simple operation and interpretation nature. However, availability of X-ray signals is very limited due to a small analyzed volume, physically restricted signal-generation and poor signal-detection configurations of detectors. These limitations are now compensated in some degree by using the latest aberration-corrected STEMs in combination with the large solid-angle silicon drift detectors (SDDs) [1, 2]. It is now possible to acquire atomic-resolution X-ray maps using the latest instruments such as an aberration-corrected STEM JEOL JEM-ARM200CF equipped with a large solid-angle SDD. In this study, possibilities and limitations for quantification of atomic-resolution X-ray analysis will be explored.
How Unconscious Bias Hurts Men—and the Companies they Work for

Unconscious biases are usually assumed to be harmful especially for women. However, unconscious biases also constrain men in their ability to live and work according to their own preferences. Traditional definitions of masculinity cause gendered expectations about the work and life men ought to have—expectations that lead to negative organizational consequences for men deviating from this traditionally masculine norm.
The feasibility of surgical enucleation for renal cell carcinoma.

AbstractAlthough partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma has been recommended for tumors in solitary kidneys, surgical enucleation has been suggested as an alternative form of surgical management in highly selected patients. To verify the efficacy of surgical enucleation the surgical specimens from 16 standard radical nephrectomies were dissected carefully. The tumors were enucleated ex vivo and carefully investigated pathologically. It was possible to enucleate successfully some well circumscribed, low grade tumors but venous invasion, tumor heterogeneity, occult metastatic disease in lymph nodes, satellite tumor nodules in the kidney and extrinsic spread through the renal capsule were features that may not have been appreciated fully in the operating room. Computerized tomography could not always predict which patients were possible enucleation candidates. Partial nephrectomy remains the preferred surgical treatment in a parenchymal-sparing operation rather than simple enucleation.
Situated Conversational Interaction (Invited Talk)

Robust conversational systems have the potential to revolutionize our interactions with computers. Building on decades of academic and industrial research, we now talk to our computers, phones, and entertainment systems on a daily basis. However, current technology typically limits conversational interactions to a few narrow domains/topics (e.g., weather, traffic, restaurants). Users increasingly want the ability to converse with their devices over broad web-scale content. Finding something on your PC or the web should be as simple as having a conversation. A promising approach to address this problem is situated conversational interaction. The approach leverages the situation and/or context of the conversation to improve system accuracy and effectiveness. Sources of context include visual content being displayed to the user, geo-location, prior interactions, multi-modal interactions (e.g., gesture, eye gaze), and the conversation itself. For example, while a user is reading a news article on their tablet PC, they initiate a conversation to dig deeper on a particular topic. Or a user is reading a map and wants to learn more about the history of events at mile marker 121. Or a gamer wants to interact with a game’s characters to find the next clue in their quest. All of these interactions are situated – rich context is available to the system as a source of priors/constraints on what the user is likely to say. This presentation will discuss research progress in open domain situated conversational interactions, and suggest future directions for the research community.
Psycho-socioeconomic bio-behavioral associations on all-cause mortality: cohort study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of psychological,socioeconomic, biological and behavioral parameters on mortality. Methods: A prospective design was employed. Data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used (analyzed in 2015); follow-up mortality status evaluated in 2011. Psychological function was assessed from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a measure of depression. Socioeconomic risk was assessed from poverty level, education, minority status, and social living status. Biological parameters included cholesterol, weight status, diabetes, hypertension and systemic inflammation. Behavioral parameters assessed included physical activity (accelerometry), dietary behavior, smoking status (cotinine) and sleep. These 14 psycho-socioeconomic bio-behavioral (PSBB) parameters allowed for the calculation of an overall PSBB Index, ranging from 0-14. Results: Among the evaluated 2530 participants, 161 died over the unweighted median followup period of 70.0 months. After adjustment, for every 1 increase in the overall PSBB index score,participants had a 15% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76-0.96). After adjustment, the Behavioral Index (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60-0.88) and the Socioeconomic Index(HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68-0.99) were significant, but the Psychological Index (HR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.29-1.51) and the Biological Index (HR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.89-1.18) were not. Conclusion: Those with a worse PSBB score had an increased risk of all-cause mortality.Promotion of concurrent health behaviors may help to promote overall well-being and prolong survival.
Health Information Exchange in the ED: What Do ED Clinicians Think?

Objectives Our regional health information exchange (HIE), known as Carolina eHealth Alliance (CeHA)-HIE, serves all major hospital systems in our region and is accessible to emergency department (ED) clinicians in those systems. We wanted to understand reasons for low CeHA-HIE utilization and explore options for improving it. Methods We implemented a 24-item user survey among ED clinician users of CeHA-HIE to investigate their perceptions of system usability and functionality, the quality of the information available through CeHA-HIE, the value of clinician time spent using CeHA-HIE, the ease of use of CeHA-HIE, and approaches for improving CeHA-HIE. Results Of the 231 ED clinicians surveyed, 51 responded, and among those, 48 reported having used CeHA-HIE and completed the survey. Conclusions Results show most ED clinicians believed that CeHA-HIE was easy to use and added value to their work, but they also desired better integration of information available from CeHA-HIE into their system's electronic medical record.
The Effective Modulus Theory

In the effective modulus theory the mechanical behavior of a composite material is represented by a homogeneous but generally anisotropic medium. The effective modulus theory, which has been developed to an advanced level of quantitative analysis, is discussed in some detail in a monograph by Hashin [1.1].
Functional Assessment of Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Eating Disorders

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and eating disorders, both important public health concerns, co-occur at a considerable rate. As many as 55–61 % of individuals with NSSI or eating disorders report engaging in the other type of self-destructive behavior. This significant overlap suggests that a common mechanism may be involved in the development and maintenance of the disorders. One potential common mechanism may be explained by principles of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is important in understanding factors that maintain problem behaviors, such as NSSI and eating disorder behaviors, as well as in the treatment of these behaviors. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the application of the behavioral technique of functional assessment, which is based on principles of operant conditioning, to the assessment and treatment of comorbid NSSI and eating disorders. We will first review the empirical research and theory that support behavioral models for the maintenance of NSSI and eating disorders. Second, we will demonstrate the use of functional assessment to identify the factors associated with the maintenance of these problem behaviors and discuss the implications of functional assessment to the treatment of comorbid NSSI and eating disorders.
Quantifying uncertainties in radar forward models through a comparison between CloudSat and SPartICus reflectivity factors

Interpretations of remote sensing measurements collected in sample volumes containing ice-phase hydrometeors are very sensitive to assumptions regarding the distributions of mass with ice crystal dimension otherwise known as mass-dimensional or m-D relationships. How these microphysical characteristics vary in nature is highly uncertain resulting in significant uncertainty in algorithms that attempt to derive bulk microphysical properties from remote sensing measurements. This uncertainty extends to radar reflectivity factors forward calculated from model output because the statistics of the actual m-D in nature is not known. To investigate the variability in m-D relationships in cirrus clouds, reflectivity factors measured by CloudSat are combined with particle size distributions (PSDs) collected by coincident in situ aircraft using an optimal estimation-based (OE) retrieval of the m-D power law. The PSDs were collected by twelve flights of the SPEC Learjet during the Small Particles in Cirrus (SPartICus) campaign. We find that no specific habit emerges as preferred and instead we find that the microphysical characteristics of ice crystal populations tend to be distributed over a continuum defying simple categorization. With the uncertainties derived from the OE algorithm, the uncertainties in forward modeled backscatter cross-section and, in turn, radar reflectivity is calculated using a bootstrapping technique allowing us to infer the uncertainties in forward modeled radar reflectivity that would be appropriately applied to remote sensing simulator algorithms.
Lexicon Development, Consumer Acceptance, and Drivers of Liking of Quinoa Varieties.

Quinoa is becoming increasingly popular, with an expanding number of commercially available varieties. To compare the sensory properties of these quinoa varieties, a common sensory lexicon needs to be developed. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a lexicon of cooked quinoa and examine consumer acceptance of diverse varieties. A trained panel (n= 9) developed aroma, taste/flavor, texture, and color descriptors to describe the sensory properties of 21 quinoa varieties. In addition, texture of the cooked quinoa was determined using a texture analyzer. Results indicated that the developed lexicon could distinguish among these quinoa varieties, showing significant differences in aromas, taste/flavors, and texture attributes. Specifically, quinoa variety effects were observed for the aromas of caramel, nutty, buttery, grassy, earthy, and woody; taste/flavor of sweet, bitter, grain‐like, nutty, earthy, and toasty; and firm, cohesive, pasty, adhesive, crunchy, chewy, astringent, and moist textures. Three varieties, “QQ74,” “Linares,” and “CO407D,” exhibited an adhesive texture that has not been described in other commercialized quinoa. Subsequent consumer evaluation (n= 100) on 6 selected samples found that the “Commercial Red” sample was the most accepted overall whereas the least accepted was the field variety “QQ74.” For all consumers, overall acceptance of quinoa was driven by higher intensities of grassy aroma, and firm and crunchy texture. Segmentation of the consumers into 4 groups was explored and showed that consumers varied in their acceptance of specific attributes, particularly texture. From the present study, the quinoa lexicon and key drivers of consumer acceptance can be utilized in the industry to evaluate quinoa varieties, product quality and processing procedures. The lexicon of cooked quinoa can be used by breeders to screen quinoa varieties. This lexicon will also be useful in the food industry to evaluate the sensory properties of quinoa from multiple farms, harvest years, and processing procedures, with the potential of directing quinoa toward different applications based on its properties. The consumer acceptance results, along with the specific consumer segments that were identified, will allow for targeted marketing of quinoa.
Abstract 78: Inhibition of Mir-33 Overcomes the Deleterious Effects of Diabetes on Atherosclerosis Regression.

ObjectiveDiabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality which remains elevated with conventional therapies, such as statins. We have shown that diabetes also impairs plaque r...
Dynamic maternal and fetal Notch activity and expression in placentation

Abstract Introduction Murine placentation requires trophoblast Notch2, while the Notch ligand, JAGGED1, is reduced in invasive trophoblasts from women with preeclampsia. However, the placental cells with active Notch signaling and expression of other Notch proteins and ligands in placentation have yet to be defined. We sought to identify endothelial cell and trophoblast subtypes with canonical Notch signaling in the decidua and placenta and correlate this to expression of Notch proteins and ligands. Methods Notch reporter transgenic mice were used to define canonical Notch activity and immunofluorescence staining performed to characterize expression of Notch1, 2, 3, 4 and ligands, Delta-like 4 (Dll4) and Jagged1 (Jag1) during early placentation and in the mature placenta. Results Notch signaling is active in maternal and fetal endothelial cells and trophoblasts during early placentation and in the mature placenta. Dll4, Jag1, Notch1, and Notch4 are expressed in maternal vasculature in the decidua. Dll4, Jag1 and Notch1 are expressed in fetal vasculature in the labyrinth. Dll4, Notch2 and Notch4 are co-expressed in the ectoplacental cone. Notch2 and Notch4 are expressed in parietal-trophoblast giant cells and junctional zone trophoblasts with active canonical Notch signaling and in labyrinthine syncytiotrophoblasts and sinusoidal-trophoblast giant cells. Discussion Canonical Notch activity and distinct expression patterns for Notch proteins and ligands was evident in endothelium and trophoblasts, suggesting Notch1, Notch2, Notch4, Dll4, and Jag1 have distinct and overlapping functions in placentation. Characterization of Notch signaling defects in existing mouse models of preeclampsia may shed light on the role of Notch in developing the preeclampsia phenotype.
Osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation: a clinical report.

Purpose It was the aim of the present study to clinically evaluate the success of osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation (OMSFE) using autogenous and xenogenic bone and a variety of screw-type implants. Materials and methods From August 1995 to February 2003, 276 OMSFE procedures with simultaneous implant placement were completed in 167 patients. Results The mean residual bone height (RBH) of the alveolar ridge was 7.1 mm (range 3 to 10 mm). The mean increase in height of the implant sites using osteotome techniques was 3.8 mm (range 2 to 7 mm). Of the 276 implants placed, 240 had been loaded for an average of 27.9 months (range 1 to 84 months). There were a total of 18 failures: Ten implants failed to integrate, 3 implants were lost within the first 18 months of loading, 1 implant fractured after 3 years in function, and 4 implants demonstrated excessive bone loss. The overall survival rate was 93.5%. When only sites with an RBH of 4 mm or less were considered, the survival rate dropped to 73.3%. Small tears in the schneiderian membrane were clinically assessed at 13 sites, for a detectable perforation rate of 4.7%. Discussion The primary determinant in implant survival with OMSFE procedures was the height of the residual alveolar ridge. Implant design, graft material, and the method of sinus floor infracture (direct or bone-cushioned) exerted minimal influence on survival outcome; however, factors such as edentulism, osteoporosis, and an overdenture prosthesis were shown to negatively influence postloading survival of implants placed in areas of limited RBH. Conclusion OMSFE procedures can be used predictably for implant placement at sites with moderate vertical deficiencies in the posterior maxilla.
On Behaviors, Rational Interpolation, and the Lanczos Algorithm*

Abstract This paper explores the interconnections between two methods which can be used to obtain rational interpolants. The first method, the behavioral approach, constructs a generating system in the frequency domain which explains a given data set composed of trajectories. The second method, the rational Lanczos algorithm, can be used to construct a rational interpolant for the transfer function of a linear system defined by (potentially very high-order) state-space equations. This paper works to merge the theoretical attributes of the behavioral approach with the theoretical and computational properties of rational Lanczos. As a result, it lays the foundation for the computation of reduced-order, stabilizing controllers through rational interpolation.
A pseudopotential examination of the pressure coefficients of optical transitions in semiconductors

Abstract From the general shape of the Pseudopotential form factor it is demonstrated that for a crystal with given symmetry properties and a given number of electrons per unit cell, the change in the energy difference between two energy levels caused by the application of hydrostatic pressure is a constant depending on the symmetries of the two levels, multiplied by the fractional change in volume due to the applied pressure and divided by the square of the lattice constant. This rule is expected to be only approximate due to variations in the form factors of different materials not taken into account in constructing the model, but is followed to within ±20 per cent by the experimental data examined. Calculations using the Heine-Abarenkov model potential were made for the volume deformation potential differences of four different transitions in Si, Ge, Sn, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb. These are found to agree with the experimentally determined values, where these are available, to within a factor of 2. The magnitudes of the calculated values are always in the same order, by transition, as the magnitudes of the experimentally observed values. This accuracy is sufficient to make the technique of some use in identifying optical transitions from their pressure shifts.
Technological Literacy: A Framework for Teaching Technical Communication Software Tools

Understanding technological literacy for technical communicators is crucial for effective pedagogy in technical and professional communication. Challenges of teaching technical communication studen...
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersion in Tryptic Soy Broth

There has been little research on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in dispersions of standard microbiological media. We report that tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing casein digest disperses single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) at concentrations similar to those achieved in lysozyme (LSZ), one of the best known biomolecular SWNT dispersants. Similar to LSZ, the proposed mechanism for SWNT dispersion in TSB is favorable π–π stacking interactions with l-tryptophan. This is supported by similar SWNT concentrations in both LSZ and TSB supernatants, and the absence of appreciable dispersion in TSB that does not contain a source of l-tryptophan. Since l-tryptophan alone is insufficient to enable dispersion, it was previously hypothesized that LSZ’s macromolecular structure created steric hindrance that was critical for SWNT dispersion. These new results show that intermediately sized l-tryptophan containing species can also enable dispersion. In addition, since TSB is a commonly used growth medium for microb...
Development, characterization and validation of compact models for RF analog and mixed signal PDKS enabling first pass silicon

This paper emphasizes on the criticality of characterization and validation of compact models in RF Analog & Mixed Signal PDK development to ensure first pass silicon. The importance of predictive modeling comprising TCAD analysis, process and device simulations is emphasized in the context of emerging high frequency, technological advancements. An exhaustive study of the intricacies involved in the model development process, comprising model characterization, model qualification and model release flow to aid successful silicon implementation for RF applications has been presented in this paper. Compact models for active devices like NPNs and MOSFETs that are part of RF AMS PDK library are dealt in detail while touching passive device models at a high level. The importance of quality RF device models in the design environment has been discussed. The role of quality models in the RF design space to aid the designer to realize first pass silicon, contributing to the long term success of design houses, has been presented towards the end of the paper.
In Vitro Analysis of Mammalian Cell mRNA 3′ Processing

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on in vitro methods for the analysis of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) 3′ processing factors and the dissection of the cis-acting elements of the poly(A) site. The biosynthesis of a functional eukaryotic (mRNA) requires the post-transcriptional modification of both the 5′ and 3′ ends of the newly synthesized transcript. While the 5' end acquires a 7-methyl diguanosine triphosphate cap, the 3′ end of the pre-mRNA is subject to endonucleolytic cleavage followed by the addition of a poly(A) tail. The only known exceptions are mRNAs of higher eukaryotes encoding histone proteins. The machinery responsible for histone pre-mRNA 3′ processing is clearly distinct from that which directs polyadenylation. This chapter presents general considerations for the analysis of mRNA 3′ processing in vitro. The chapter also explains concepts related to pre-mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation. The chapter discusses about 3′ processing complex formation, and 3′ processing complex stability. Probing 3′ processing factor-pre-mRNA interactions by UV cross-linking is elaborated in depth. The chapter also discusses about the application of in vitro selection to the analysis of sequences that direct 3′ processing.
Adolescents and Young Adults: Facing the Challenges

Adolescent nutrition is impacted by increased need for energy to support periods of significant growth and development. Adolescents are at risk for inadequate intake of specific vitamins and minerals. The rate of pediatric overweight and obesity and the risk for other disordered eating patterns are additional challenges present in this population. Promoting healthy food habits can have immediate and long-term health implications.
High-risk alcohol and drug use situations among seriously mentally ill inpatients: A preliminary investigation

Situational factors are important determinants of alcohol and drug use in general samples of substance abusers, with alcohol users and drug users reporting different trigger situations. This study represents an initial attempt to investigate high-risk alcohol and drug use situations in a sample of dually diagnosed individuals. Thirty men and women with both a serious mental illness and an alcohol use or drug use disorder were recruited from an inpatient psychiatric unit and completed questionnaires assessing high-risk alcohol and drug use situations, psychiatric symptomatology, and psychological symptoms that trigger substance use. Although the alcohol and drug groups did not differ significantly in the frequency of self-reported high-risk situations for substance use, effect size analyses suggest that six of eight comparisons would demonstrate statistically significant differences with a larger sample size. Both groups reported using substances most frequently when feeling anxiety or depressive symptoms rather than psychotic symptoms. Although preliminary, these results have relevance for the treatment of dually diagnosed persons, particularly for behavioral treatment interventions such as coping skills training and stimulus control techniques.
Active Learning Success by Partnering Across the Institution

This session will include a review of the development and delivery of a plan to support faculty in using a new Active Learning Center classroom building, which opened up in the fall of 2017 on the Purdue University West Lafayette campus. With ever increasing oversight over university budgets, the roll-out of a $79 million building with 27 classrooms brought with it a responsibility for campus partners to work together to make it a success in teaching and learning. Learn what we did at Purdue to ensure faculty would make the utmost use of these new classrooms and collaboration spaces by focusing our efforts across several campus support groups and combining our efforts into training faculty in using the new Active Learning Center. Participants will take away ideas for faculty engagement strategies at their institution to ensure the success of teaching and learning initiatives. Participants will also understand the importance of including a broad spectrum of institutional stakeholders in formulating support plans for newly rolled out learning spaces. Participants should be prepared for discussion about similar initiatives at their institutions to discuss what has been successful in the training of faculty to use their active learning spaces.
Circuit Inspired Modeling Method for Irrigation

Precision irrigation systems promise to bring significant improvement in resource efficiency and crop yield by providing analytics and smart tools for the growers. While significant amounts of data can be collected in a sensor-rich system, there are no rigorously designed models that can provide actionable intelligence to the user. This paper proposes the integration of circuit-inspired modeling of natural phenomena and man-made artifacts to generate end-to-end irrigation system circuit models. Such models can take advantage of existing circuit design and simulation tools that have been perfected over the past decades to efficiently process large input sets. We show that circuit-inspired models are indeed qualitatively sound and quantitatively accurate in capturing both natural phenomena and engineered physical irrigation systems.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Development, Regulation, and Function

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique sentinel cell type that can detect pathogen-derived nucleic acids and respond with rapid and massive production of type I interferon. This review summarizes our current understanding of pDC biology, including transcriptional regulation, heterogeneity, role in antiviral immune responses, and involvement in immune pathology, particularly in autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and cancer. We also highlight the remaining gaps in our knowledge and important questions for the field, such as the molecular basis of unique interferon-producing capacity of pDCs. A better understanding of cell type-specific positive and negative control of pDC function should pave the way for translational applications focused on this immune cell type.
Mentoring: Bridge over Troubled Waters.

Higher education has a language, a culture, and performance standards uniquely different from public schools. As new professors enter this divergent world they need the assistance of those professo...
Assessment: The “Wild Card” in Student Affairs

Assessment is a core competency in student affairs, but scholars in the field of higher education and student affairs know little about how practitioners perceive and approach learning about assess...
Intrusion Detection System in Smart Home Network Using Artificial Immune System and Extreme Learning Machine Hybrid Approach

Internet of Things (IoT) enabled smart homes to have made our daily lives easier, but these conveniences have also introduced security concerns. IoT devices hold security risks as well as smart home hubs and gateways. Gateways present a centralized point of communication among devices that can create a backdoor into network data for hackers but also present a detection opportunity. Intrusion detection is a common way to detect anomalies in network traffic. This paper introduces early work on an intrusion detection system (IDS) by detecting anomalies in the smart home network using Extreme Learning Machine and Artificial Immune System (AIS-ELM). AIS uses the clonal Algorithm for the optimization of the input parameters, and ELM analyzes the input parameter for better convergence in detecting anomalous activity. The larger goal of this work is to apply this approach to a smart home network gateway and combined it with a push notification system that will allow the homeowner to identify any abnormalities in the smart home network and take appropriate action.
Interlaboratory Agreement of Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Serologic Assays in the Expedited College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Program.

CONTEXT.­: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recently emerged, currently pandemic virus, and the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical testing for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly become widespread, but data regarding the interlaboratory performance of these serologic assays are limited. OBJECTIVE.­: To describe the development and initial results of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) SARS-CoV-2 Serology Survey. DESIGN.­: Members from the CAP Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology and Flow Cytometry Committees formed a working group to support development of a new proficiency testing survey for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Supplemental questions in the survey assessed the state of SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing among participating laboratories as of July 2020. Results were analyzed for agreement by immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype tested, assay manufacturer, and methodology. RESULTS.­: A total of 4125 qualitative results were received from 1110 laboratories participating in the first survey. Qualitative agreement for assays measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies or IgG was greater than 90% for all 3 samples in the survey. Qualitative agreement for IgM and IgA for the negative sample was greater than 95%, but lacked consensus for the other 2 samples. CONCLUSIONS.­: These initial data suggest overall excellent agreement and comparable performance for most qualitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and total antibody assays across all participating clinical laboratories, regardless of specific target antigen or assay methodology.
The human factor: assessing individuals’ perceptions related to cybersecurity

The purpose of this paper is to reveal and describe the divergent viewpoints about cybersecurity within a purposefully selected group of people with a range of expertise in relation to computer security.,Q methodology [Q] uses empirical evidence to differentiate subjective views and, therefore, behaviors in relation to any topic. Q uses the strengths of qualitative and quantitative research methods to reveal and describe the multiple, divergent viewpoints that exist within a group where individuals sort statements into a grid to represent their views. Analyses group similar views (sorts). In this study, participants were selected from a range of types related to cybersecurity (experts, authorities and uninformed).,Four unique viewpoints emerged such that one represents cybersecurity best practices and the remaining three viewpoints represent poor cybersecurity behaviors (Naive Cybersecurity Practitioners, Worried but not Vigilant and How is Cybersecurity a Big Problem) that indicate a need for educational interventions within both the public and private sectors.,Understanding the divergent views about cybersecurity is important within smaller groups including classrooms, technology-based college majors, a company, a set of IT professionals or other targeted groups where understanding cybersecurity viewpoints can reveal the need for training, changes in behavior and/or the potential for security breaches which reflect the human factors of cybersecurity.,A review of the literature revealed that only large, nation-wide surveys have been used to investigate views of cybersecurity. Yet, surveys are not useful in small groups, whereas Q is designed to investigate behavior through revealing subjectivity within smaller groups.
The Pros and Cons of Teaching Soil Fertility Live versus Online

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has changed the way higher education delivers materials to students. The purpose of this study is to compare the pros and cons of teaching Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition (Soils 446), a class with a history of being taught live and online, from both the live and online perspectives. For our comparison, the following data was gathered: (a) history of when and how the class was offered, (b) content of Soils 446, (c) assessment of student achievement, (d) student evaluations of the course conducted by the University of Idaho, and (e) a post-class survey of online students. Reasons for live classroom teaching being superior include: (a) classroom interaction with the instructor and other students, (b) allowing students to ask questions of the instructor during the lecture, right after class or on a face-to-face basis during designated office hours, and (c) the availability of local library resources and other staff to help with questions and projects. Reasons for online teaching being superior include: (a) distance students can take this class, (b) the online course may offer better time management for distance students, and (c) email, bblearn, ZOOM, and SKYPE are tools that allow frequent contact between the student and instructor. Motivated students were successful in both approaches. For less or unmotivated students both delivery methods are equally mediocre.
High-dimensional MANOVA under weak conditions

Recent results for comparison of high-dimensional mean vectors make assumptions that require weak dependence between the variables. These requirements fail to be satisfied, for example, by elliptic...
On the Use of Dependabot Security Pull Requests

Vulnerable dependencies are a major problem in modern software development. As software projects depend on multiple external dependencies, developers struggle to constantly track and check for corresponding security vulnerabilities that affect their project dependencies. To help mitigate this issue, Dependabot has been created, a bot that issues pull-requests to automatically update vulnerable dependencies. However, little is known about the degree to which developers adopt Dependabot to help them update vulnerable dependencies.In this paper, we investigate 2,904 JavaScript open-source GitHub projects that subscribed to Dependabot. Our results show that the vast majority (65.42%) of the created security-related pull-requests are accepted, often merged within a day. Through manual analysis, we identify 7 main reasons for Dependabot security pull-requests not being merged, mostly related to concurrent modifications of the affected dependencies rather than Dependabot failures. Interestingly, only 3.2% of the manually examined pull-requests suffered from build breakages. Finally, we model the time it takes to merge a Dependabot security pull-request using characteristics from projects, the fixed vulnerabilities and issued pull requests. Our model reveals 5 significant features to explain merge times, e.g., projects with relevant experience with Dependabot security pull-requests are most likely associated with rapid merges. Surprisingly, the severity of the dependency vulnerability and the potential risk of breaking changes are not strongly associated with the merge time. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate how developers receive Dependabot’s security contributions. Our findings indicate that Dependabot provides an effective platform for increasing awareness of dependency vulnerabilities and helps developers mitigate vulnerability threats in JavaScript projects.
Current Understanding of Membrane Transporters as Regulators or Targets for Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss.

Cisplatin is a platinum-based drug, which remains among the most efficacious anticancer treatment options. Unfortunately, use of cisplatin is hindered by dose-limiting toxicities, including irreversible hearing loss, which can grossly affect patient quality of life. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is the result of cochlear hair cell damage through a mechanism that is poorly understood. However, cisplatin cytotoxicity is reliant on intracellular accumulation, a process that is largely dependent on the presence of particular membrane transporters. This review will provide an update on our current understanding of the various transporters known to be involved in the disposition and cytotoxicity of platinum drugs or their metabolites, as well as their role in mediating cisplatin-induced hearing loss. We also provide a summary of the successes and opportunities in therapeutically targeting membrane transporters to alleviate platinum-induced hearing loss. Moreover, we describe how this approach could be used to reduce the severity or onset of other adverse events associated with exposure to various forms of platinum drugs, without diminishing antitumor efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cisplatin-induced hearing loss is a dose-limiting and irreversible adverse event with no current preventative or curative treatment measures. Pharmacological targeting of membrane transporters that regulate platinum uptake into cochlear hair cells, if conducted appropriately, may alleviate this devastating side effect and could be applied to alleviate other platinum-induced toxicities.
An Analysis of Incentive Structures in Collaborative Economy: An Application to Crowdfunding Platform

A crucial aspect to the functioning of the collaborative economy is the incentive structure that encourages participation. The objective of our research is to understand the impact of project reward structure (PRS), one form of incentives, on backers’ pledging decisions during projects’ funding period. To motivate the structural analysis, we first present a project-level reduced-form model to investigate the impact of the reward structure on project outcomes. From that, we find that dynamically modifying reward structures during project funding process has significantly positive impacts on influencing the project outcomes. We then develop a structural model to investigate how reward structures affect the reward-level decision making process by using a panel data. We found that reward levels that have been popular options till date or that have gained recent popularity are perceived to be more favorable if they are pushed lower down the menu of options, presumably by introducing weaker or less attractive options ahead of them in the menu. This implies that project creators do need to strategically design the PRS to attract more backers.
Weight Status and Dietary and Physical Activity Behavior Differences Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Children in the U.S.

Background: Hispanic children have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States. Acculturation of Hispanics living in the U.S. affects dietary intake and physical activity, thus impacting weight status and health problems related to obesity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in overweight/obesity and dietary and physical activity behaviors between Hispanic and non-Hispanic children living in the United States. Methods: Using the 2001-2002 Health Behaviors of School-Aged Children Questionnaire, 6th-10th grade student surveys (n=14,817) were analyzed to compare BMI, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages, and levels of physical activity between Hispanic and non-Hispanic subjects. Independent t-test, Oneway ANOVA and Pearson’s Chi-Square provided statistical analysis for the descriptive and research variables. Results: Comparing Hispanic and non-Hispanic students, there was no difference in gender or age, but urbanicity, birth country, home language, and education of mother and father had significant differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic students (p<0.01). The Hispanic sample had higher rates of overweight and obesity (p<0.001), consumed lower amounts of fruits (p<0.001) and vegetables (p<0.001), consumed higher amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages (p=0.001), and reported being less physically active (p<0.001) compared to non-Hispanic students. Conclusion: As evidenced by the 2001-2002 HBSC survey, Hispanic children are consuming less fruits and vegetables and more sugar-sweetened beverages, and have lower rates of physical activity compared to non-Hispanic children. This may be contributing to the higher rates of overweight and obesity found in this population. These results could be used in the development of childhood obesity interventions involving Hispanic children.
Systematics of the Platyrrhinus helleri species complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), with descriptions of two new species

Platyrrhinus is a diverse genus of small to large phyllostomid bats characterized by a comparatively narrow uropatagium thickly fringed with hair, a white dorsal stripe, comparatively large inner upper incisors that are convergent at the tips, and three upper and three lower molars. Eighteen species are currently recognized, the majority occurring in the Andes. Molecular, morphological, and morphometric analyses of specimens formerly identified as Platyrrhinus helleri support recognition of Platyrrhinus incarum as a separate species and reveal the presence of two species from western and northern South America that we describe herein as new (Platyrrhinus angustirostris sp. nov. from eastern Colombia and Ecuador, north-eastern Peru, and Venezuela and Platyrrhinus fusciventris sp. nov. from Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Trinidad and Tobago, northern Brazil, eastern Ecuador, and southern Venezuela). These two new species are sister taxa and, in turn, sister to Platyrrhinus incarum. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 159, 785–812.