cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On recursive calculation of the generalized inverse of a matrix

The generalized inverse of a matrix is an extension of the ordinary square matrix inverse which applies to any matrix (e.g., singular, rectangular). The generalized inverse has numerous important applications such as regression analysis, filtering, optimization and, more recently, linear associative memories. In this latter application known as Distributed Associative Memory, stimulus vectors are associated with response vectors and the result of many associations is spread over the entire memory matrix, which is calculated as the generalized inverse. Addition/deletion of new associations requires recalculation of the generalized inverse, which becomes computationally costly for large systems. A better solution is to calculate the generalized inverse recursively. The proposed algorithm is a modification of the well known algorithm due to Rust et al. [2], originally introduced for nonrecursive computation. We compare our algorithm with Greville's recursive algorithm and conclude that our algorithm provides better numerical stability at the expense of little extra computation time and additional storage.
Up-regulation of MAP2e-expressing oligodendrocytes in the white matter of patients with HIV-1 encephalitis.

HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE) is characterized by infection of macrophages and microglial cells, diffuse gliosis. and damage to neuronal populations. The nature of the white matter damage in HIVE remains elusive, and little is known about the status of the oligodendrocyte in HIVE. We have recently described a novel isoform of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2e), which is expressed transiently in developing oligodendrocytes during myelination, and in remyelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MAP2e expression would be increased in the white matter of HIVE. We analysed brain sections from patients with HIVE and controls (HIV+ and HIV-) by immunocytochemistry and found that MAP2e+ cells are significantly increased in HIVE (range. 5-167 cells per cm 2 ) compared to controls (range, 1-2 5 cells per cm 2 ). MAP2e + cells were negative for GFAP, CD68, LN3. RCA-1, von Willebrand factor and HIV-1 p24, but positive for MBP or Luxol-Fast Blue, supporting their oligodendroglial lineage. A topographical association between MAP2e and HIV-1 p24 expression was noted, but not between MAP2e and β-APP, a marker of damaged axons. Our results demonstrate that MAP2e can serve as a marker of white matter damage in HIVE and support the notion that oligodendrocyte damage/repair occurs during HIV-1 infection.
IMPORTANCE OF BIOGEOGRAPHY AND ONTOGENY OF WOODY PLANTS IN WINTER HERBIVORY BY MAMMALS

Mammals can influence growth, reproduction, competitive ability, and survival of woody plants by virtue of selective browsing and gnawing of dormant shoots during winter. Apparently in response to this type of herbivory, plants have evolved chemical and mechanical deterrents to mammalian herbivores. We report on plant ontogeny and biogeography, which exert their influence on herbivory at different spatiotemporal scales. To evaluate how plant ontogeny influences herbivory, we conducted a meta-analysis of 128 studies, encompassing 37 plant and 10 mammal species, in which juvenile and mature growth stages of conspecific plants were made available to mammals during winter in temperate and northern latitudes. Mammals ate more of the mature-stage growth in 96% of the studies, and stage-specific differences in consumption were very large (d 1 5 2.16). Plants characterized by rapid growth rates or low tolerances to resource limitation elicited the greatest degree of stagespecific discrimination by mammals, consistent with existing theories regarding tradeoffs governing plant growth and defense. The influence of a plant’s growth rate and tolerance to resource limitation was dependent on climatic regime; plants grown in areas with harsh winter conditions tended to elicit greater discrimination of juvenile- and mature-stage growth by mammals than plants grown in more moderate climates. Further evidence for biogeographical variation in mammalian consumption came from 14 feeding studies, including 6 plant and 6 mammal species, that compared conspecific plants of the juvenile growth stage either grown or collected at different localities. In 86% of the studies, extent of herbivory by mammals varied inversely with latitude, and this yielded a moderate effect (Z 1 52 0.46, r1 52 0.53). We discuss potential roles of life history, climate, and historical association of plants and mammals in shaping these biogeographical patterns.
Factors Potentially Affecting Oviposition Site Selection by the Lady Beetle Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), a polyphagous lady beetle, is one of the most common predators in corn fields in the eastern United States. Previous work on C. maculata showed an oviposition preference for the weed Acalypha ostryaefolia Riddell (hophornbeam copperleaf), compared with three other weed species and corn. In a separate field study, we found far more C. maculata eggs on Abutilon theophrasti Medic (velvetleaf) than on eight other plant species. Here we report on studies designed to assess the potential roles that prey densities and weed attractiveness may play in the selection of oviposition sites by C. maculata. We also examined diurnal and nocturnal predation of C. maculata eggs on Zea mays L., A. ostryaefolia, A. theophrasti, and Amaranthus hybridus L. (pigweed). We found that C. maculata’s choice of plants on which to oviposit was not significantly influenced by the availability of potential prey on those plants. There was no difference in the number of C. maculata adults captured ...
Analysis of Performance Impact Caused by Power Supply Noise in Deep Submicron Devices

The paper addresses the problem of analyzing the performance degradation caused by noise in power supply lines for deep submicron CMOS devices. We first propose a statistical modeling technique for the power supply noise including inductive ?>I noise and power net IR voltage drop. The model is then integrated with a statistical timing analysis framework to estimate the performance degradation caused by the power supply noise. Experimental results of our analysis framework, validated by HSPICE, for benchmark circuits implemented on both 0.25 µ, 2.5 V and 0.55 µ, 3.3 V technologies are presented and discussed. The results show that on average, with the consideration of this noise effect, the circuit critical path delays increase by 33% and 18%, respectively for circuits implemented on these two technologies
Emplacement and the politics of heritage in low-income neighbourhoods of Marseille

Recent scholarship addressing efforts to celebrate heritage in low-income neighbourhoods and housing estates has stressed the importance of attending to the continuity of place-based social relationships as a key factor in residents’ understandings of heritage, and, drawing on Smith’s conception of an ‘authorised heritage discourse’, the ways these understandings differ from hegemonic and generalised expert discourse emphasising the deficiencies of the material environment. In this article, I examine a new object of state intervention in France, ‘the heritage of popular neighbourhoods’, and describe points of convergence and conflict between local heritage work in Marseille and the recent discursive framework established to employ heritage as a tool in reorganising French state policy towards urban peripheral neighbourhoods (the politique de la ville). Drawing on ethnographic research (2007–2014), this article identifies emplacement as a key feature in residents’ performances of neighbourhood heritage, a ...
Types of Functions

(1953). Types of Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 156-161.
A lithographically patterned capacitor with horizontal nanowires of length 2.5 mm.

A symmetrical hybrid capacitor consisting of interdigitated, horizontal nanowires is described. Each of the 750 nanowires within the capacitor is 2.5 mm in length, consisting of a gold nanowire core (40 × ≈200 nm) encapsulated within a hemicylindrical shell of δ-phase MnO2 (thickness = 60–220 nm). These Au@δ-MnO2 nanowires are patterned onto a planar glass surface using lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE). A power density of 165 kW/kg and energy density of 24 Wh/kg were obtained for a typical nanowire array in which the MnO2 shell thickness was 68 ± 8 nm. Capacitors incorporating these ultralong nanowires lost ≈10% of their capacity rapidly, during the first 20 discharge cycles, and then retained 90% of their maximum capacity for the ensuing 6000 cycles. The ability of capacitors consisting of ultralong Au@δ-MnO2 nanowires to simultaneously deliver high power and high capacity with acceptable cycle life is demonstrated.
Computer Modeling of Time History of Velocity Field and Net Momentum Output of a Synthetic Jet Actuator

Synthetic jet actuators have been used for control of flow separation in high performance airfoils for increasing lift and low drag. The synthetic jets have zero net mass flux but impart net momentum to the flow. In this study, LES simulations was used to study the time history of outlet velocity profile and net momentum imparted to the flow by a synthetic jet actuator (SJA). The SJA studied is not symmetric and operates with the aid of a piezoelectric (PZT) ceramic circular plate actuator. A three-dimensional mesh for the computational domain of the SJA and surrounding volume was developed and was used to evaluate the details of the airflow conditions inside the SJA as well as at the outlet. The vibration of the PZT ceramic actuator was used as a boundary condition in the computational model to drive the SJA. Particular attention was given to the time evolution of the SJA outlet velocity profile. The time history of the outlet velocity profile of the synthetic jet was curve-fitted to an empirical equation. The resulting outlet velocity could be used as an inlet velocity for active close loop control of airflow separation around an airfoil at high angle of attack.© 2011 ASME
Predictors of Successful Weight Loss

The identification of variables in the early stages of treatment that are related to successful weight loss provides practitioners with important information. These factors may be assessed to determine the likelihood of future success. Weight loss at the beginning of treatment, depressive symptomatology, and social support, each of these has been shown to be predictive of long-term outcomes for weight loss efforts.
On the Impact of the Human Sciences on Our Conception of Man and Society

The question which I wish to examine here is the following: is it correct to allow the conceptions of man and society projected by the human sciences to have a direct influence on the manner in which we conceive of ourselves and of the world in which we live. The numerous ways in which the sciences influence our manner of thinking and living is most obvious when we focus on the impact of the natural sciences on man and society through technology and medicine; but this influence is equally clear when we reflect on the application of the insights and results obtained in the behavioral and social sciences. It is obvious that this impact is enormous and that it has both positive and negative aspects. I wish to stress the positive aspects as strongly as possible here in order to preclude that the reflections to follow are interpreted to mean a general disavowal of science. There is no doubt that the sciences belong to the most important achievements of Western man. Today we can barely picture ourselves without the knowledge and know-how made available to us by the sciences. Yet it is true also that the sciences and their applications have led to grave problems. Finally, it is unquestionable that the sciences have had a particularly deep influence on the manner in which we have gradually come to conceive of ourselves and of society. The latter will be the focal point of the reflections to follow.
Differentiation and integration.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a clinical approach to coordinating the psychoanalytic process with the developmental process in treating children. The paper is constructed as a dialogue be...
Gastritis Cystica Profunda: A Deeper Problem.

A 46-year-old woman underwent upper endoscopy for persistent nausea. Endoscopic examination of the stomach revealed prominent gastric folds in the gastric body. Biopsy by cold forceps demonstrated hyperplastic mucosa with ulceration (Figure 1). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a 45-mm sessile polyp with bleeding in the anterior wall of the gastric body (Figure 2). Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of the lesion was performed and histology confirmed the diagnosis of gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) (Figure 3). The patient experienced no postendoscopy complications, and follow-up gastroscopies were scheduled.
Neurophysiology of Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neurons: Modulation by GABA and Glutamate

The nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system is crucial to a large array of behaviors ranging from voluntary motor function to higher cognitive processes. Nigrostriatal neurons in vivo fire in three distinct patterns, modulated by afferent input. At least 70% of the inputs to nigral DA neurons are GABAergic, arising from the striatum, the globus pallidus, the rostromedial tegmental nucleus, and axon collaterals from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) projection neurons. Manipulation of these inputs, in particular those originating in SNr, produces dramatic effects on nigrostriatal neuron firing patterns. Since many or most of the afferents to the substantia nigra synapse on both nigrostriatal DA neurons and SNr GABAergic projection neurons, the response of nigral DA neurons to both excitatory and inhibitory afferents reflects a complex interplay between the intrinsic properties of the nigrostriatal neurons, the patterns and rate of the afferent input, and the synaptic interactions between SNr GABAergic neurons and the nigrostriatal DA neurons.
The Psychophysiological Assessment of Female Sexual Function

The success of sildenafil in treating male erectile dysfunction has brought increasing attention from researchers, drug companies, and funding sponsors to develop an effective pharmacological treatment for female sexual dysfunction. Demonstrating treatment efficacy necessitates a valid and reliable index of female sexual response. The first observable sign of sexual arousal in women is vaginal lubrication and a simultaneous increase in vaginal vasocongestion. The three primary psychophysiological assessment devices that rely on indirect measures of vasocongestion are the vaginal photoplethysmograph, devices that indirectly measure heat dissipation, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. The most widely used and studied of these is the vaginal photoplethysmograph, which detects differences in transparency of engorged and unengorged vaginal tissue using a light reflectance method. Research has demonstrated the construct validity of this device and its response specificity to sexual stimuli. However, a rec...
Spotted Spurge Control and Phytotoxicity to Daylily from Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract The granular preemergent herbicides Snapshot TG (isoxaben + trifluralin) and Stakeout (dithiopyr) wre evaluated as an alternative to Snapshot DF (isoxaben + oryzalin) for control of spotted spurge (Chamaesyce maculata [formerly Euphorbia maculata]) in container-grown daylily (Hemerocallis × ‘Aztec Gold’). Stakeout (dithiopyr) at 1.1, 1.7, or 2.2 kg ai/ha (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 lb ai/A) and Snapshot TG (isoxaben + tritluralin) at 5.6 kg ai/ha (5.0 lb ai/A) were as effective as Rout (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin) at 3.4 kg ai/ha (3.0 lb ai/A), Snapshot (DF (isoxaben + oryzalin) at 4.5 kg ai/ha (4.0 lb ai/A), or Gallery (isoxaben) at 1.1 kg ai/ha (1.0 lb ai/A) in controlling spotted spurge. Rout (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin) and Ronstar G (oxadiazon) caused significant injury (bleached spots that became necrotic) while the other herbicides caused little to no damage.
The utilization of websites for fundraising by NCI-designated cancer centers: Examining the capacity for dialogic communication with prospective donors

ABSTRACTThe study employs a dialogic public relations framework to explore the utilization of the Internet for fundraising by nonprofit health care organizations—specifically, NCI-designated cancer centers. Cancer centers have been noted for effective websites and for being highly engaged in fundraising, which is characterized as relationship marketing. Results indicate all but one cancer center use websites and social media for fundraising but are limited in capacity for two-way symmetrical dialogue. Results are discussed and recommendations are made for future research.
Magnetization Reversal in Ferromagnetic Spirals via Domain Wall Motion

Domain wall dynamics have been investigated in a variety of ferromagnetic nanostructures for potential applications in logic, sensing, and recording. We present a combination of analytic and simulated results describing the reliable field driven motion of a domain wall through the arms of a ferromagnetic spiral nanowire. The spiral geometry is capable of taking advantage of the benefits of both straight and circular wires. Measurements of the in-plane components of the spirals' magnetization can be used to determine the angular location of the domain wall, impacting the magnetoresistive applications dependent on the domain wall location. The spirals' magnetization components are found to depend on the spiral parameters: the initial radius and spacing between spiral arms, along with the domain wall location. The magnetization is independent of the parameters of the rotating field used to move the domain wall, and therefore the model is valid for current induced domain wall motion as well. The speed of the ...
Maximum Density and Capture Rate of Neutrons Moderated from a Pulsed Source

We show that upper bounds exist on the density of neutrons that can be moderated to a specified energy from an intense pulsed source of fast neutrons. Expressions are derived for the maximum densit...
Hochgradige intraepitheliale Neoplasie und T1-Tumoren des Kolons

Die endoskopische Resektion (ER) ist die Therapie der Wahl bei benignen Kolonpolypen. Auch fur ausgewahlte kolorektale Fruhkarzinome stellt die ER eine kurative Therapieoption dar. Aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen und publizierte Ergebnisse der Diagnostik und Therapie beim kolorektalen Fruhkarzinom werden dargestellt. Die aktuelle Literatur wird ausgewertet und anhand von endoskopischen Fallbeispielen erlautert. Neue Technologien wie das „narrow band imaging“ (NBI) haben die endoskopische Diagnostik und Dignitatsbeurteilung gastrointestinaler Fruhneoplasien verbessert. Die Entwicklung der endoskopischen Submukosadissektion (ESD) hat durch eine verbesserte R0-Resektionsrate und ein vermindertes Rezidivrisiko die Rate kurativer endoskopischer Resektionen erhoht. Resektionskriterien fur kolorektale Fruhkarzinome sind in nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien festgelegt. Fur kolorektale Fruhkarzinome gilt aktuell eine Submukosainvasion von 1000 µm als Grenze der endoskopischen Resektion. Moglicherweise kann diese Grenze fur bestimmte Subgruppen ohne weitere Risikofaktoren erweitert werden; hierzu sind weitere Daten abzuwarten. Fur benigne Kolonpolypen stellt die endoskopische Mukosaresektion (EMR) ein effektives Resektionsverfahren dar. Endoskopische Kontrolluntersuchungen sind zur Erkennung und erneuten ER von Rezidiven obligat. Es gibt erhebliche Fortschritte in der endoskopischen Diagnostik und Therapie kolorektaler Fruhkarzinome. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der endoskopischen Resektion durch eine verbesserte Datenlage noch genauer zu definieren.
Treadmill associated head injuries on the rise: an 18 year review of U.S. emergency room visits.

Objective: The treadmill is the most commonly used aerobic exercise equipment with studies showing many gym-related injuries are attributed to treadmills. The purpose of this study is to examine th...
Incorporation modes of iodate in calcite.

Iodate (IO3–) incorporation in calcite (CaCO3) is a potential sequestration pathway for environmental remediation of radioiodine-contaminated sites (e.g., Hanford Site, WA), but the incorporation mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) were combined to determine the local coordination environment of iodate in calcite, the associated charge compensation schemes (CCS), and any tendency for surface segregation. IO3– substituted for CO32– and charge compensation was achieved by substitution of Ca2+ by Na+ or H+. CCS that minimized the I–Na/H distance or placed IO3– at the surface were predicted by density functional theory to be energetically favored, with the exception of HIO3, which was found to be metastable relative to the formation of HCO3–. Iodine K-edge EXAFS spectra were calculated from AIMD trajectories and used to fit the experimental spectrum. The best-fit combination consisted of a ...
BOREAS TE-6 Multiband Vegetation Imager Data

The BOREAS TE-6 team collected data in support of its efforts to examine the influence of vegetation and climate on the major carbon fluxes in boreal tree species. A newly developed ground-based canopy imaging system called an MVI was tested and used by the BOREAS TE-06 team to collect measurements of the canopy crap fraction (sky fraction), canopy gap-size distribution (size and frequency of gaps between foliage in canopy), branch architecture, and leaf angle distribution (fraction of leaf area in specific leaf inclination classes assuming azimuthal symmetry). Measurements of the canopy gap-size distribution are used to derive canopy clumping indices that can be used to adjust indirect LAI measurements made in nonrandom forests. These clumping factors will also help to describe the radiation penetration in clumped canopies more accurately by allowing for simple adjustments to Beer's law. Measurements of the above quantities were obtained at BOREAS NSA-OJP site in IFC-2 in 1994, at the SSA-OA in July 1995, and at the SSA-OBS and SSA-OA sites in IFC-2 in 1996. Modeling studies were also performed to further validate MVI measurements and to gain a more complete understanding of boreal forest canopy architecture. By using MVI measurements and Monte Carlo simulations, clumping indices as a function of zenith angle were derived for the three main boreal species studied during BOREAS. The analyzed data are stored in tabular ASCII files. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884), or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distrobuted Activity Archive Center (DAAC).
Nonvascular Interventional Procedures in an Urban General Hospital: Analysis of 2001-2010 with Comparison to the Previous Decade.

Rationale and Objectives To determine trends in nonvascular image-guided procedures at an urban general hospital over a 10-year period and to compare utilization of nonvascular interventional radiology (IR) over the decade 2001–2010 to a previously reported analysis for 1991–2000. Methods With institutional review board approval, a 20-year quality assurance database verified against the radiology information system was queried for procedure location (eg, pleura, liver, bowel, and abdomen) and type (eg, biopsy, catheter insertion, and transient drainage), demographics, and change over time. Yearly admissions and new hospital numbers assigned each year served to normalize for overall hospital activity. Results A total of 50,195 IR procedures were performed in 24,309 distinct patients (male:female, 12,625:11,684; average age, 60 years), 940 procedures performed in age P P P Conclusions Referrals for nonvascular IR procedures have doubled over 2 decades, outpacing growth in new hospital patients and requiring increased resource allocation.
CaRF: a neuronal transcription factor that CaREs.

In this issue of Neuron, Tao et al. (2002) report the discovery of a new transcription factor, CaRF, that contributes to calcium stimulation of the BDNF gene through CaRE1, one of several calcium response elements found in the promoter of the BDNF gene. The CaRF/CaRE1 transcriptional pathway may control the expression of genes critical for activity-dependent, long-term changes in the central nervous system (CNS).
Bringing MCDM to the Forefront of Management Practice

A great deal of effort has been expended in Multiple Criteria Decision Making in developing methods, and preparing computer programs implementing the methods. Though many articles have been published in the academic literature, and most management science and operations research texts devote space to multiple criteria decision making, there is a dearth of real applications and successes of multiple criteria decision making. Though it takes time to come up with and implement real applications, the success of our field ultimately depends on such applications. In this presentation, I reflect on what’s been done, and explore ways in which participants in the field can try to further our application successes.
Geometric super-resolution on push-broom hyperspectral imaging for plasma optical emission spectroscopy

Push-broom hyperspectral imaging (Pb-HSI) is a powerful technique for obtaining the spectral information along with the spatial information simultaneously for various applications, from remote sensing to chemical imaging. Spatial resolution improvement is beneficial in many instances; however, typical solutions suffer from the limitation of geometric extent, lowered light throughput, or reduced field-of-view (FOV). Sub-pixel shifting (SPS) acquires higher-resolution images, compared to typical imaging approaches, from the deconvolution of low-resolution images acquired with a higher sampling rate. Furthermore, SPS is particularly suited for Pb-HSI due to its scanning nature. In this study, an SPS approach is developed and implemented on a Pb-HSI system for plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The preliminary results showed that a periodic deconvolution error was generated in the final SPS Pb-HSI images. The periodic error was traced back to random noise present in the raw/convoluted SPS data and its frequency displays an inverse relationship with the number of sub-pixel samples acquired. Computer modelled data allows studying the effect of varying the relative standard deviation (RSD) in the raw/convoluted SPS data on the final reconstructed SPS images and optimization of noise filtering. The optimized SPS Pb-HSI technique was used to acquire the line-of-sight integrated optical emission maps from an atmospheric pressure micro-capillary dielectric barrier discharge (μDBD). The selected plasma species of interest (He, I, N2, N2+, and O) yield some insight into the underlying mechanisms. The SPS Pb-HSI technique developed here will allow implementing geometric super-resolution in many applications, for example, it will be used for extracting radially resolved information from Abel's inversion protocols, where improved fitting is expected due to the increase in resolution/data points.
Adaptive Bayesian Channel Gain Cartography

Channel gain cartography relies on sensor measurements to construct maps providing the attenuation profile between arbitrary transmitter-receiver locations. Existing approaches capitalize on tomographic models, where shadowing is the weighted integral of a spatial loss field (SLF) depending on the propagation environment. Currently, the SLF is learned via regularization methods tailored to the propagation environment. However, the effectiveness of existing approaches remains unclear especially when the propagation environment involves heterogeneous characteristics. To cope with this, the present work considers a piecewise homogeneous SLF with a hidden Markov random field (MRF) model under the Bayesian framework. Efficient field estimators are obtained by using samples from Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Furthermore, an uncertainty sampling algorithm is developed to adaptively collect measurements. Real data tests demonstrate the capabilities of the novel approach.
Molecular neuropathology of Alzheimer dementia and therapeutic approaches.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by progressive loss of neurons in limbic and association cortices affecting almost all cognitive functions and memory. Additional neuropathological hallmarks of AD brains include large numbers of amyloid plaques (APs) containing fibers of Aβ peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of overphosphorylated tau protein. Sporadic AD (SAD) is the most common form of dementia and accounts for more than 90 % of all cases. The etiology of SAD is complex and may be driven by both environmental and genetic factors. Presence of ApoE4 allele is the most important genetic risk factor for SAD although in the last 5 years additional genes were identified with smaller effects on the disorder. Several theories have been developed to explain the molecular basis of AD but none of these seems to offer a satisfactory explanation for the neurodegenerative phenotype of the disorder.
Pitch Perfect: Vocal Pitch and the Emotional Intensity of Congressional Speech

Although audio archives are available for a number of political institutions, the data they provide receive scant attention from researchers. Yet, audio data offer important insights, including information about speakers’ emotional states. Using one of the largest collections of natural audio ever compiled—74,158 Congressional floor speeches—we introduce a novel measure of legislators’ emotional intensity: small changes in vocal pitch that are difficult for speakers to control. Applying our measure to MCs’ floor speeches about women, we show that female MCs speak with greater emotional intensity when talking about women as compared with both their male colleagues and their speech on other topics. Our two supplementary analyses suggest that increased vocal pitch is consistent with legislators’ broader issue commitments, and that emotionally intense speech may affect other lawmakers’ behavior. More generally, by demonstrating the utility of audio-as-data approaches, our work highlights a new way of studying political speech.
Pressure Controlled Phase Matching in Kagome PC Fiber in picosecond CARS

We study properties of Kagome fiber and calculate phase mismatching for several gases in this fiber. We find an appropriate pressure in which the phase mismatch is minimized in a Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS).
Tackling the Neighboring Network Hit Problem in Cellular Data

Most humans today have mobile phones. According to the GSMA, there are almost 10 billion mobile connections in the world every day. These devices automatically capture behavioral data from human society and store it in databases around the world. However, data capture has several challenges to deal with, especially if it comes from old sources. Obsolete technologies such as 2G and 3G represent two-thirds of the total devices. To the best of our knowledge, all previous work only eliminates obvious problems in the data or use well-curated data. Eliminating traces in a time series can lead to deviations and biases in further analyses, especially when we are studying small areas or groups of peoples in the city. In this work, we present two algorithms to solve the problem of the Neighboring Network Hit (NNH) and calculate the distributions of trips and traveled distances with greater precision in small areas or groups of peoples. The problem of NNH arises when a mobile device connects to cellular sites other than those defined in the network design, which complicates the analysis of space-time mobility. We use cellular device data from three cities in Chile, obtained from the mobile phone operator and duly anonymized. We compare our results with the Government’s Origin and Destination Surveys and use a novel method to generate synthetic data to which errors are added in a controlled manner to evaluate the performance of our solution. We conclude that our algorithms improve results compared to naive methods, increasing the accuracy in the count of trips and, mainly, in the distance distributions.
Critical Residues of Gβγ for the interaction with the SNARE Complex

The mechanisms and regulation of neurotransmitter release is a complex process involving many co-factors and proteins. One critical interaction is the regulation of exocytosis when G-protein βγ (Gβγ) dimers bind to the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein complex. The complex is comprised of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein-25 (SNAP-25), syntaxin 1A, and synaptobrevin. Herein we probe across the entire family of human Gβ and Gγ proteins for residues critical for the interaction with SNARE, by systematically screening peptide sequences for their ability to bind to tSNARE. The coiled-coil region of Gβγ showed high affinity to tSNARE, along with the propeller region of Gβ on the opposite side from the coiled-coil region. Peptides based on Gβ1γ2, shown to have high affinity to SNARE, tSNARE were screened further by alanine scanning to probe for residues critical for binding to tSNARE. Full length Gβ1γ2 and SNARE were docked computationally using Rosetta, to examine the experimentally determined binding sites. Docking converged on two possible sites of interaction using two distinct regions of both Gβ1γ2 and SNARE.
Abstract A27: An apoptosis-based screen for targeted agents in rhabdomyosarcoma reveals potential combination therapies

Intensification of therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) by combining conventional chemotherapies has not proven effective at improving long-term survival. More selective small molecules may improve outcomes when added to chemotherapeutic backbones, but the optimal actionable targets in RMS are not well defined. An alternative strategy to develop combination therapies is to identify agents with complementary methods of apoptotic induction that can be paired with synergistic results. We first set out to identify classes of drugs that induce apoptosis in representative fusion-positive (FP) and fusion-negative (FN) cell lines. We built a screening assay using high-throughput microscopy to quantify both cell number (Hoechst nuclear staining) and apoptosis (NucView 488 Caspase-3 Enzyme Substrate [Biotium]). Technical controls included DMSO and staurosporine. The assay had a SSMD β score of 6.4, demonstrating excellent quality for screening. We represented FP-RMS with RMS13 cells and represented FN-RMS with RD cells. We screened ~2,000 bioactive compounds spanning a wide variety of biochemical mechanisms and targets. We tested compounds at 5 μM to identify even weakly active agents, since they might synergize with other drugs. We deemed “active” compounds to be those that reduced cell number 4 SD below DMSO-treated wells. Specific drug targets were enriched among the set of active compounds. In RD cells, for example, 16 of 25 (64%) HDAC inhibitors reduced cell number and activated caspase 3, which is greater than the library average of 264/1,921 compounds (14%) (p Citation Format: Amit J. Sabnis, Steven Chen, Carolina Morales, Benjamin S. Braun. An apoptosis-based screen for targeted agents in rhabdomyosarcoma reveals potential combination therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.
Predicting Unplanned Readmissions Following a Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: Retrospective Observational Study

Background: Total joint replacements are high-volume and high-cost procedures that should be monitored for cost and quality control. Models that can identify patients at high risk of readmission might help reduce costs by suggesting who should be enrolled in preventive care programs. Previous models for risk prediction have relied on structured data of patients rather than clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs). The former approach requires manual feature extraction by domain experts, which may limit the applicability of these models. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a machine learning model for predicting the risk of 30-day readmission following knee and hip arthroplasty procedures. The input data for these models come from raw EHRs. We empirically demonstrate that unstructured free-text notes contain a reasonably predictive signal for this task. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 7174 patients at Partners Healthcare collected between 2006 and 2016. These data were split into train, validation, and test sets. These data sets were used to build, validate, and test models to predict unplanned readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge. The proposed models made predictions on the basis of clinical notes, obviating the need for performing manual feature extraction by domain and machine learning experts. The notes that served as model inputs were written by physicians, nurses, pathologists, and others who diagnose and treat patients and may have their own predictions, even if these are not recorded. Results: The proposed models output readmission risk scores (propensities) for each patient. The best models (as selected on a development set) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.846 (95% CI 82.75-87.11) for hip and 0.822 (95% CI 80.94-86.22) for knee surgery, indicating reasonable discriminative ability. Conclusions: Machine learning models can predict which patients are at a high risk of readmission within 30 days following hip and knee arthroplasty procedures on the basis of notes in EHRs with reasonable discriminative power. Following further validation and empirical demonstration that the models realize predictive performance above that which clinical judgment may provide, such models may be used to build an automated decision support tool to help caretakers identify at-risk patients.
Environmental Sampling for the Detection of Mycobacterium Avium subspecies Paratuberculosis in Dairies in Texas

Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic debilitating intestinal disease of ruminants, caused by the infectious agent Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). JD is widely disseminated in dairy farms and known to cause considerable economic loss. Recently, interest in the detection of clinical and subclinical manifestations of the disease and MAP has created interest in developing cost efficient methods for its detection. The culture of soil samples contaminated with MAP (called environmental samples) offers an economic, easily performed, detection technique on dairy farms. The objective of this investigation was to conduct environmental testing on two dairies (E and W; n=>2500) in Texas known to have clinical cases of JD and previous isolations of MAP from fecal cultures.
Monitoring Adult Emergence, Ovary Maturation, and Control of the Black Vine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Pitfall traps captured 8–10 black vine weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), per trap, while trap-boards and cardboard wafers averaged less than 2 adults per trap. In addition, the trapboards and ca...
Mechanisms of Antioxidant Action

Oxidative stress can be viewed as the disturbance in the oxidant—antioxidant balance in favor of the former (Sies, 1985). Over the years, the research disciplines interested in oxidative stress have been growing steadfastedly, thus increasing our knowledge of the importance of the cell redox status and aiding at the recognition of oxidative stress as a process with implications for a large number of pathophysiological states. From this multi- and interdisciplinary interest in oxidative stress emerges a picture that attest to the vast consequences of the complex and dynamic interplay of oxidants and antioxidants in a cellular setting.
Effect of added weight on the learning of a discrete arm movement.

Abstract Four groups of 20 subjects were given 35 practice trials on a discrete motor task. On Trials 3 through 25 each of three experimental groups performed with either a 1, 3, or 6 lb. wristlet strapped to their wrists. Trials 1 and 2 and Trials 26 through 35 were performed under control conditions. Comparisons made of the three experimental groups with a group which practiced under control conditions throughout, revealed that the added physical work significantly depressed performance but did not affect learning. Analysis of the data after rest revealed that the groups did not differ significantly in the amount of learning, slopes of the curves, or means of the test trials. Reminiscence was found to be a function of the amount of physical work.
Abstract 4010: MicroRNA regulator of NMI: implications for breast cancer

Recent investigations by our laboratory have demonstrated that NMI expression is down-regulated in patient breast tumors, especially those displaying invasive/metastatic features. In breast cancer and melanoma cell lines, restored expression of NMI suppresses tumor growth. Furthermore, NMI negatively impacts TGFβ-driven epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and alsometastatic invasion of breast cancer. Thus the mechanisms that regulate NMI expression are of potential interest to understand the etiology of breast tumor progression, invasion, metastasis and to identify potentially novel therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs are critical regulators of gene expression. MicroRNA target prediction searches revealed that the NMI transcript could be targeted by the miR-29 family, a group of miRNAs with multiple roles in diverse cancer types. We hypothesized that miR-29 will negatively regulate NMI expression. Luciferase reporter assays using pMIR-REPORT TM confirmed the projected interaction of miR-29 in the seed region of the 3′ UTR of NMI. Manipulation of miR-29 levels in breast cancer cells by overexpression or silencing showed its inverse relationship with NMI expression. Invasive mesenchymal-like breast cancer cell lines showed elevated endogenous levels of miR-29 relative to tumorigenic/non-metastatic (epithelial like) breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, transient overexpression of miR-29 enhanced breast cancer cell invasion as measured by modified Boyden chamber assay and silencing miR-29 using anti-miRs decreased invasion. Investigations on the impact of miR-29 modulation on EMT revealed that increasing miR-29 levels in epithelial-like breast cancer cell lines caused 3D morphological changes indicative of invasive mesenchymal-like growth, while decreasing miR-29 levels from mesenchymal-like cell types using anti-miRs reversed the phenotype and the growth pattern resembled acinar structures. The significance of our observation was realized when we compared RNA isolated from patient derived breast cancer tumors and compared with RNA from matched adjacent normal breast specimens. Analysis using the McNemar9s test showed a strong, inverse relationship between the expression of NMI and the miR-29. We contend that aberrant miR-29 expression may account for reduced NMI in some invasive breast cancers. Citation Format: Hawley C. Pruitt, Jack W. Rostas III, Brandon J. Metge, Daniel J. Devine, Sarah K. Bailey, Lalita A. Shevde, Rajeev Samant. MicroRNA regulator of NMI: implications for breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4010. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4010
Plant microtubules meet their MAPs and mimics.

In plants, both microtubule-associated proteins (MAPS) and viral movement proteins (MPs) interact with microtubules. Recently, a unique plant structural MAP has been cloned, which may have a specialized function in cell division. Other recent work has identified a viral MP sequence that mimics a tubulin motif and allows the MP to bind to the microtubule lattice.
Sub-Poissonian Photon Statistics and Squeezed Quantum States

The statistical fluctuations of light can, under certain circumstances, exhibit a number of interesting nonclassical features. These include photon antibunching, sub-Poissonian statistics, and squeezing, all of which exist only in a quantum field. The three effects are distinct, and do not necessarily go together, although the first two are sometimes mistakenly treated as interchangeable. Both photon antibunching and sub-Poissonian statistics have been observed in experiments on resonance fluorescence from single atoms, which is described. Squeezing has not yet been seen experimentally, although many nonlinear processes are expected to give rise to it. The squeezed state can be recognized in heterodyne or homodyne experiments, where the squeezing becomes manifest as sub-Poissonian photon fluctuations.
Towards a Data Model for the Universal Corpus

We describe the design of a comparable corpus that spans all of the world's languages and facilitates large-scale cross-linguistic processing. This Universal Corpus consists of text collections aligned at the document and sentence level, multilingual wordlists, and a small set of morphological, lexical, and syntactic annotations. The design encompasses submission, storage, and access. Submission preserves the integrity of the work, allows asynchronous updates, and facilitates scholarly citation. Storage employs a cloud-hosted filestore containing normalized source data together with a database of texts and annotations. Access is permitted to the filestore, the database, and an application programming interface. All aspects of the Universal Corpus are open, and we invite community participation in its design and implementation, and in supplying and using its data.
Soft tissue tumors of the trunk: Management of local disease in the breast and chest and abdominal walls

Soft tissue sarcomas of the trunk are rare lesions, generally managed using an algorithm similar to that employed for extremity sarcomas. This review summarizes the standard treatment of truncal sarcomas and considers how these recommendations differ for each of the various common histologic subtypes observed on the trunk: desmoid, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), and angiosarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:546–552. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene and dimethylnitrosamine on anchorage dependence of rat fibroblasts chronically infected with rauscher leukemia virus

This report describes the loss of anchorage dependence (AD–) after treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene or dimethylnitrosamine in rat embryo fibroblasts which normally exhibit anchorage dependence (AD+). The AD+ fibroblasts which were chronically infected with Rauscher leukemia virus showed the highest frequency of transformation to AD– cells with chemical carcinogen treatment. A small percentage of AD– cells also appear in uninfected control cells treated with dimethylnitrosamine or at much higher frequency with 3-methylcholanthrene. The virally infected cells also showed a detectable level of transformation to AD– cells without added chemicals. However, the combined effects of Rauscher leukemia virus infection and chemical carcinogen treatment were much greater than the additive effect of the two. No clear correlation between AD– transformation and the ability to grow in factor-free medium was found. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the “oncogene” hypothesis.