cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The oxidation of cytochrome c by cytochrome c peroxidase.

Abstract 1. 1. The reaction between cytochrome c and cytochrome c peroxidase is first order in cytochrome c. 2. 2. The reaction is inhibited by both oxidized and reduced cytochrome c. 3. 3. The dependence of the reaction rate on ionic strength suggests that the reaction occurs at oppositely charged active sites on the two proteins. 4. 4. The rate of the reaction increases with decreasing pH. 5. 5. The reaction is inhibited by salmine, which suggests that the inhibitory action of cytochrome c is due to its net positive charge in the pH range 5–7. 6. 6. Calculation shows that the rate of reaction may be accounted for on the assumption of an active site of area 5 sq. A. on each of the proteins.
Antimicrobial Activity of Citric, Lactic, Malic, or Tartaric Acids and Nisin-incorporated Soy Protein Film Against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella gaminara

ABSTRACT: We studied the effectiveness of partial replacement of glycerol with citric, lactic, malic, and tartaric acids on the antimicrobial activities of nisin (205 IU/g protein)-incorporated soy protein film against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella gaminara. S. gaminara inoculated into 2.6% malic acid-incorporated films and lactic acid-incorporated films with nisin (5.7 and 3.4 log number colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively) and without nisin (3.2 and 3.0 log number CFU/mL, respectively) had fewer survivors than HCl-incorporated film with and without nisin (8.6 and 7.9 log number CFU/mL, respectively). Malic acid (2.6%)-incorporated soy protein film had the fewest survivors of L. monocytogenes, S. gaminara, and E. coli O157:H7 (5.5, 3.0, and 6.8 log number CFU/mL, respectively) and has the potential to inhibit a wide spectrum of microbes in product application.
Hardiness and health among women with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract The relations among hardiness (and its components) and demographic variables, objective health, disability, and perceived health were investigated for 33 women with rheumatoid arthritis. Hardiness and demographic variables were measured once while objective health, disability, and perceived health were measured at three monthly intervals. Hardiness and/or component scores were significantly (P
Some significant advances in sol-gel processing of dense structural ceramics

This review deals with the solution-sol-gel processing of some structural ceramics such as alumina, zirconia, mullite and cordierite and brings out the most significant advances in the preparation of dense ceramics. In the Al2O3 system, seeding of gels with α-Al2O3 and other isostructural seeds led not only to lower crystallization temperature but also enhanced densification with refined microstructure through solid-state epitaxy. This breakthrough of seeding has led to improved abrasive grains with large commercial market. Although highly dense, partially stabilized zirconia ceramics were prepared using monodisperse and spherical or nanophase zirconia sol-gel powders, no commercial applications seem to have been realized thus far. In the Al2O3−SiO2 system, compositionally different sol-gel nanocomposites (diphasic gels) led to enhanced densification of mullite at lower temperatures because of the occurrence of densification and crystallization processes almost simultaneously. Mullite powders derived from the diphasic gel route are a breakthrough and are now commercially marketed by Chichibu Cement Company. Highly dense cordierite was prepared by using three sols, i.e., the compositionally different sol-gel nanocomposites in an analogous manner to that of mullite. Although this process appears to be highly cost-effective, especially for the fabrication of substrates, it has not yet been utilized for commercial applications. The use of sol-gel nanocomposites in the processing of various ceramics is expected to be fully exploited in the future.
Size and ploidy of rabbit megakaryocytes in dietary hypercholesterolaemia

The number and sizes of blood platelets, the blood volume, and the sizes and ploidies of megakaryocytes were measured in New Zealand white rabbits that were hypercholesterolaemic as a result of a high cholesterol diet (0.5% cholesterol + 2% peanut oil) that was continued for as long as 19 weeks. Mean platelet volumes were lower than normal, but platelet counts, platelet mass/μl of blood, and blood volumes were normal. The ploidy distribution of megakaryocytes was normal, with 32N being the predominant ploidy group in both hyper- and normocholesterolaemic animals. The average sizes of all mature megakaryocytes and of those within the 16N ploidy group were less than normal. These findings suggest that hyperlipidaemia somehow limits the expansion of megakaryocyte cytoplasm and causes it to fragment into platelets of smaller than normal size.
Comparative Analysis of Predicted Plastid-Targeted Proteomes of Sequenced Higher Plant Genomes

Plastids are actively involved in numerous plant processes critical to growth, development and adaptation. They play a primary role in photosynthesis, pigment and monoterpene synthesis, gravity sensing, starch and fatty acid synthesis, as well as oil, and protein storage. We applied two complementary methods to analyze the recently published apple genome (Malus × domestica) to identify putative plastid-targeted proteins, the first using TargetP and the second using a custom workflow utilizing a set of predictive programs. Apple shares roughly 40% of its 10,492 putative plastid-targeted proteins with that of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plastid-targeted proteome as identified by the Chloroplast 2010 project and ∼57% of its entire proteome with Arabidopsis. This suggests that the plastid-targeted proteomes between apple and Arabidopsis are different, and interestingly alludes to the presence of differential targeting of homologs between the two species. Co-expression analysis of 2,224 genes encoding putative plastid-targeted apple proteins suggests that they play a role in plant developmental and intermediary metabolism. Further, an inter-specific comparison of Arabidopsis, Prunus persica (Peach), Malus × domestica (Apple), Populus trichocarpa (Black cottonwood), Fragaria vesca (Woodland Strawberry), Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) and Vitis vinifera (Grapevine) also identified a large number of novel species-specific plastid-targeted proteins. This analysis also revealed the presence of alternatively targeted homologs across species. Two separate analyses revealed that a small subset of proteins, one representing 289 protein clusters and the other 737 unique protein sequences, are conserved between seven plastid-targeted angiosperm proteomes. Majority of the novel proteins were annotated to play roles in stress response, transport, catabolic processes, and cellular component organization. Our results suggest that the current state of knowledge regarding plastid biology, preferentially based on model systems is deficient. New plant genomes are expected to enable the identification of potentially new plastid-targeted proteins that will aid in studying novel roles of plastids.
Abstract P3-10-34: HER2 Testing by FISH: Discordance between HER2 Signals Per Cell and HER2:CEP 17 Ratio

Background: HER2 gene amplification status may be tested by FISH using either HER2 signals per cell or HER2:CEP17 ratio. Established HER2 testing CAP/ASCO reporting guidelines allow for interpretation and reporting using either method. Both methods classify cases as amplified, not amplified or equivocal yet the two methods may yield different interpretations for the same case. We analyzed a large dataset to quantify concordance between these two testing and reporting methodologies. Materials and Methods: We collected individual cell HER2 and CEP17 counts in 32,116 tumor cells from 1329 consecutive breast cancer cases. Data from Excel counting sheets were imported to a SQL Server database for analysis and statistics; histograms and analyses were also performed in Excel. We specifically computed concordances between methods for HER2 signals per cell and HER2:CEP17 ratio reporting. Results: Concordance between HER2 signals per cell and HER2:CEP17 ratio case averages was 89.8%. Most discordances involved cases classified as equivocal by either method. 7.8% of cases reported by HER2 signals per cell and 4.0% of cases reported by HER2:CEP17 ratio were classified as equivocal. 1% of cases were amplified by one method and not amplified by the other. Discussion: This very large dataset shows that HER2 FISH reporting by established CAP/ASCO guidelines is generally concordant between the two testing methods. However, a substantial number of cases are discordant and patient treatment could vary depending on reporting criteria used. These results indicate the need for reporting by both methods to prevent missing patients who could potentially benefit from HER2 targeted therapy. Further study is necessary to determine the most clinically relevant reporting method and criteria. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-34.
Mechanisms influencing the disposition of serotonin in mouse lung.

Abstract Serotonin (5-HT) disposition in the intact mouse lung and its modification by animal age, concentration of injected 5-HT, method of killing the animal, and select pharmacological agents were investigated. Animal age (16–270 days) did not influence the lung levels of [ 3 H]5-HT but did influence the percentage of the dose accumulated by the lung. The effect of injected 5-HT concentration on the pulmonary accumulation of [ 3 H]5-HT indicated a dose-dependent, non-saturable accumulation. The method of killing the animal was found to be a major source of pulmonary [ 3 H]5-HT level variation, and a method involving ether asphyxiation/decapitation was developed. Following intravenous administration, [ 3 H]5-HT was accumulated and retained unchanged by lung and represented greater than 97 per cent of the total lung radioactivity. Imipramine, fluoxetine, cocaine and chlorpromazine were shown to inhibit the pulmonary uptake of [ 3 H]5-HT, while 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine lowered and clorgyline elevated lung levels of the amine. Reserpine treatment resulted in a time-dependent increase followed by a decrease in lung [ 3 H]5-HT.
Recurrent Basal Cell Carcinoma After Incomplete Resection

Background Because the probability of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) recurrence was thought to be 30% to 50%, surgical tradition became not to perform additional resection when the margin was positive. Objective To determine whether there is an association among age or sex of the patient, anatomic location, histologic type, or reconstructive procedures and the signs and symptoms of the recurrence, interval between incomplete resection and Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), or extent of MMS resection. Design During 20 years, all patients with incompletely excised BCC of the head referred for MMS were sequentially prospectively accrued into the cohort. Setting An outpatient MMS practice. Patients Nine hundred ninety-four patients. Main Outcome Measures Interval to tumor recurrence, interval to MMS, and extent of MMS as determined by mean surface area resected, depth of resection, and number of tumor nests. Results The interval to signs or symptoms of recurrence and to MMS from incomplete resection was greater for men, patients older than 65 years, those having a tumor on the nose or cheek, those with aggressive or fibrosing BCC, and those who underwent flap reconstruction ( P = .001). The extent of MMS resection was greater for those with flap and split-thickness skin graft repairs. The number of tumor nests identified by MMS was significantly greater in those treated with split-thickness skin graft and flap ( P = .001). Conclusion Because it is more difficult to control recurrent BCC, treating tumor remaining at the margin of resection in the immediate postoperative period could result in less extensive surgery.
Studies on the dentition of the marmoset.

Abstract In this relatively small sample of thirty-eight marmoset skulls, a relatively high incidence of several dental abnormalities has been observed; calculus, pigmentation, malocclusion in several forms, and mild to relatively extensive periodontal involvement. However, no evidence of dental caries was seen. In many of the skulls, there was observed to be an extensive rarefaction of the cancellous areas of the alveolar bone, often with large areas in which the trabeculae were absent. The frequently encountered comment that monkeys have little or no oral disorders obviously was not true for this sample of marmosets. Although little success was achieved in the maintenance of marmosets under laboratory conditions, the frequency of oral disease suggests the desirability of renewed efforts to develop experimental circumstances which would make their maintenance successful.
THE NITROGEN CHEMISTRY OF TITAN'S UPPER ATMOSPHERE REVEALED

Titan's atmosphere is unique because dissociation of N2 and CH4, the primary atmospheric constituents, provides the H, C, and N atoms necessary for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. The first steps in the synthesis of organic molecules occur in the upper atmosphere where energetic photons and electrons dissociate N2 and CH4. We determine the abundance of a suite of nitrogen-bearing molecules in Titan's upper atmosphere through analysis of measurements of the ionospheric composition made by the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) on the Cassini spacecraft. We show that the density of ions in Titan's upper atmosphere depends closely on the composition of the neutral atmosphere and that, for many species, measurement of associated ions coupled with simple chemical models provides the most sensitive determination of their abundance. With this technique we determine the densities of C2H4 , C4H2, HCN, HC3N, CH 3CN, NH3, C2H3CN, C2H 5CN, and CH2NH. The latter four species have not previously been detected in the gas phase on Titan, and none of these species have been accurately measured in the upper atmosphere. The presence of these species implies that nitrogen chemistry on Titan is more extensive than previously realized.
Biological fate of sulphur mustard, 1,1'-thiobis(2-chloroethane): isolation and identification of urinary metabolites following intraperitoneal administration to rat.

1. The metabolism of sulphur mustard, 1,1'-thiobis(2-chloroethane), in vivo was investigated following i.p. administration to rat.2. Approx. 60% of dose was excreted in the 24 h urine. Many metabolites were present; nine have been isolated by h.p.l.c. and characterized by mass spectrometry. Structural assignments were confirmed by comparison with authentic synthetic standards.3. Some metabolites result from initial hydrolysis of the sulphur mustard, but the majority are formed by conjugation with glutathione. These are further metabolized to N-acetylcysteine conjugates, or to methylthio/methylysulphinyl derivatives by a pathway probably involving β-lyase, accompanied by oxidation of the mustard sulphur atom to sulphoxide or sulphone.4. Thiodiglycol sulphoxide, 1,1'-sulphonylbis[2-S (N-acetylcysteinyl)ethane] and 1,1'-sulphonylbis[2-methylsulphinyl)ethane] or 1-methylsulphinyl-2-[2-(methylthio ethylsulphonyl]ethane were the most prevalent metabolites resulting from the three major pathways. Metabolic pathw...
Lack of dissociation of prolactin responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone and metoclopramide in chronic alcoholic men

Prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and metoclopramide were determined in 12 alcoholic men with biopsy proven liver disease and were compared to those of 8 age matched normal controls. All subjects were challenged with TRH (400 μg) and metoclopramide (10 mg) given as an intravenous bolus each on a separate day. Alcoholics had increased basal prolactin and growth hormone levels compared to controls. Alcoholics had a brisk and statistically significant (p < 0.01) response for each of the 3 hormones studied in response to TRH. In contrast to the alcoholics, the controls did not demonstrate a growth hormone response to TRH. Moreover, the TSH response to TRH of the alcoholics was exaggerated (p<0.05) compared to that of the controls. In response to metoclopramide, alcoholics had a brisk prolactin response, failed to demonstrate a TSH response, and had a decline in growth hormone when compared to controls. These results for alcoholics with liver disease differ from those reported for individuals with renal failure while those for the controls are similar to previously reported normal responses. These data suggest that liver disease and renal disease must differ in terms of their patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary neuroregulation as documented by their differing pituitary hormone responses to TRH and metoclopramide.
Spontaneous polarization changes in β-quinol: CH3OH clathrates

Abstract We have observed a spontaneous change in the macroscopic polarization of β-quinol: CH 3 OH clathrates which occurs at ∼63–64 K. The effect is clearly hysteretic and confirms that the heat capacity anomalies previously seen at this temperature are associated with a first order phase transition.
Antagonism of acute cocaine toxicity by buprenorphine.

Abstract The effect of buprenorphine pretreatment on the acute cocaine toxicity was assessed in male Swiss Webster mice. Buprenorphine pretreatment (0.15 or 0.30 mg/kg ip, 30 mins before) significantly attenuated the lethal effects of cocaine (60–140 mg/kg ip). The dose of cocaine which resulted in 50% mortality (LD50) in saline pretreated group was 100.61 mg/kg while the LD50 of cocaine in buprenorphine (0.15 and 0.3 mg/kg) pretreated groups were 113.57 and 118.16 mg/kg respectively. There was no significant change in the ratio of brain/plasma levels of cocaine in buprenorphine pretreated group when compared to the ratio from saline treated controls. Furthermore, neither naloxone (10 mg/kg ip, 15 mins before) nor naltrexone (3 mg/kg ip, 15 mins before) pretreatment affected the LD50 of cocaine. When tested 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hrs after cocaine administration, sublethal dose of cocaine (80 mg/kg ip) injection resulted in significant increase in the plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Buprenorphine pretreatment significantly attenuated cocaine-induced release of LDH. These results suggest that buprenorphine could be of potential advantage over naloxone in the management of cocaine and heroin (“speed ball”) toxicity and in studies on the pharmacotherapy of cocaine-induced toxicity, LDH levels may be used as a biochemical marker to assess the protective effects of drugs.
Post Transapical Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) pseudoaneurysm.

A 63-year-old female presented to the emergency department with complaints of her “heart beating out of my chest,” palpitations, and shortness of breath. She was three months postoperative a #23 Edwards Sapien Transapical Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). On exam she was surprisingly comfortable in appearance with an easily visible pulsatile mass on her left anterior chest. A computed tomography revealed a large, high density collection extending from the apex of the left ventricle through the left anterior fifth-sixth intercostal space into the left anterior chest wall (Figure). The pseudoaneurysm measured approximately 9.7cm by 6.5cm. The heart appeared mildly enlarged and a percutaneously placed aortic valve was noted. There was atherosclerotic calcification in the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta. No pleural or pericardial effusion was present. A healed medial sternotomy and a sternal plate were also noted. Figure LVI-CT of the chest without contrast. A 2D Echocardiogram (Video) showed a large pseudoaneurysm located at the apex of the left ventricle associated with a large apical pulsatile collection. The “neck” of the pseudoaneurysm measured 1cm. There was large and turbulent flow between the left ventricle and the large collection of the pseudoaneurysm. The left ventricular (LV) chamber size and systolic function were normal. Moderate concentric LV hypertrophy was present and the LV ejection fraction was visually estimated to be 60% (in pseudoaneurysm setting). The right ventricle was enlarged with reduced systolic function. Both atria were dilated (moderately on the left, mildly on the right). The aortic valve showed a #23 Edwards Sapien TAVR with no regurgitation. The mitral valve showed thickened leaflets, annular calcification, and moderate regurgitation. The tricuspid valve showed mild regurgitation but no stenosis. Video Echocardiogram. Reports of false or pseudo aneurysms as complications of TAVR are rare, and only a handful ranging from two weeks to five months postoperatively have been reported. 1–4 Surgical repair is necessary.
Contrasting interactions of two magmas with the same water-saturated hosts, Big Bend National Park, Texas

Abstract Rhyolitic and mafic dikes cut lower Tertiary sediments, tuffs and mafic lavas of the Eocene–Oligocene Chisos Formation in Big Bend National Park, Texas. Two contrasting magmas injected into the same hosts under the same conditions provide a “controlled” experiment on magma–host interaction. Peralkaline rhyolite dikes are extensive and stand in bold topographic relief. On contact surfaces against mudstones, close-packed spheroids of chilled rhyolite indicate vigorous movement of magma within envelopes of fluid. Against sandstones, the rhyolite dike contacts are more irregular and locally protrude as blunt fingers into the wall rock. Against mafic lava flows, dike contacts are planar, and the rhyolite is less altered. Mafic dikes cut the rhyolite dikes. Some contacts of these mafic dikes are peperitic, indicating intrusion into soft wet sediment and tuff. The same hosts of the older rhyolitic dikes must also have been water-saturated and unconsolidated. Higher viscosity and lower temperature prevented rhyolite magma from forming detached bodies, or engulfing its host, to form peperites. Estimated pressures and contact temperatures approximate or exceed the critical point of water, indicating that the fluid envelopes at rhyolite dike contacts were very unstable, because even small temperature fluctuations would have produced wide variations in fluid density around the critical point. The resulting volume instability triggered rapid pulsations in the fluid envelope, deforming the contacts. Where permeability of the host was low, hot fluid accumulated at contacts, but where permeability was high, fluid could escape before reaching high temperature.
Operational and implementation issues for helmet-mounted displays in a real-time simulation environment

The increasing costs of wide field-of-view visual display systems are forcing simulation facilities to investigate cheaper alternatives. One such alternative is the use of color Helmet-Mounted Displays (HMD). These relatively low cost systems provide an essentially unlimited field-of- regard, possess a fairly large binocular field-of-view, and require only two channels of computer generated imagery. A study was recently conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory in support of the Aeronautical Systems Center's Training Systems Product Group to assess the ability of this class of HMD to provide an acceptable level of training for various mission tasks. Many operational and implementation issues were addressed during the process of developing the simulation environment. These include simulation and mission scenario software development, HMD/head-tracker integration, HMD/image-generator video interfacing, cockpit occultation mechanization, and the measurement of and compensation for system latency. This paper will focus on these issues as well as present the 'lessons learned' during the course of the study. The actual result of the evaluation will be presented in a separate technical report currently being prepared by the training systems product group.
Enhanced high energy phosphate recovery with ribose infusion after global myocardial ischemia in a canine model

High energy phosphate levels are depressed following global ischemia and require several days to completely recover. Short-term methods to enhance ATP recovery have included infusion of ATP precursors, inhibition of enzymes that catabolize AMP, and membrane transport stabilization. Several precursors have been used to augment adenine nucleotide synthesis including adenosine, inosine, adenine, and ribose. Because of the short-term nature of previous experiments, recovery had been incomplete and the effects in the intact animal unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ribose infusion in a long-term model of global ischemia and attempt to identify the precursor which limits myocardial ATP regeneration in the intact animal. Global myocardial ischemia (20 min, 37 degrees C) was produced in dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass. With reperfusion either ribose (80 mM) in normal saline or normal saline alone was infused at 1 ml/min into the right atrium and the animals were followed for 24 hr. Ventricular biopsies were obtained through an indwelling ventricular cannula prior to ischemia, at the end of ischemia, and 4 and 24 hr postischemia and analyzed for adenine nucleotides and creatine phosphate levels. Radiolabeled microspheres were used to measure myocardial and renal blood flows and no significant difference was found between ribose-treated control groups. In both groups, myocardial ATP levels fell by at least 50% at the end of ischemia. No significant ATP recovery occurred after 24 hr in the control dogs, but in the ribose-treated animals, ATP levels rebounded to 85% of control by 24 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Differential sensitivity of human normal and malignant cells to 8-azahypoxanthine in vitro.

Abstract Human fibroblast strains in vitro are markedly resistant to medium containing levels of 8-azahypoxanthine (AH) which are lethal to malignant cells. This difference depends on the presence of hypoxanthine in the fetal calf serum used to make standard tissue culture medium. Although malignant cells in culture possess approximately three times more effective hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity than normal cells, this does not account for the protective action of hypoxanthine in the latter. Rather, our data, together with that of others, suggest that hypoxanthine protects normal cells from AH by preventing its reaction with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate via HGPRT. Whether this is the consequence of a qualitative difference between the HGPRT's of malignant and normal cells or a reflection of differential permeability to hypoxanthine requires further experimentation.
The influence of serum on the cytopathic effect of measles virus.

HeLa cell cultures grown in media containing sheep serum form a uniform monolayer of polyhedral cells with active mitosis. These cells, when infected with measles virus, develop large, characteristic syncytia. In contrast, HeLa cells adapted to calf serum do not usually form a complete sheet, the cells are more elongated and mitotic figures are rarely present. After infection with measles, they show only occasional syncytia and the cytopathic effects are delayed and confined to isolated cells. Comparative titration of measles virus in monkey kidney and HeLa cells gave higher TCID50 and yields in the latter species.
Understanding Preschool Teachers’ Perspectives on Empathy: A Qualitative Inquiry

Empathy is a trait and skill necessary for teachers working with children and for partnering with families. This qualitative study focused on how teachers expressed empathy in the context of early childhood education. Diversity has increased in the United States and as diversity increases, the need for teachers to be able to empathize with children and families who are different from themselves also increases. Empathy in early childhood education partnerships is valued; however, the role of empathy in parent–teacher partnerships in early childhood is not well understood. Eighteen inclusive preschool teachers participated in interviews to understand teachers’ values, beliefs, and language in relation to empathy and parent–teacher partnerships. Teachers whose statements conveyed empathy described their relationships with families in a positive way. One theme, expressing sincere empathy, and four sub-themes emerged that described how teachers express empathy with children and families in early childhood education. The sub-themes included (1) embrace inclusion as a philosophy, (2) be relaxed and balanced, (3) accept and respond to family culture, and (4) engage in meaningful communication with families. The interpretations of these themes provide an understanding of the complexities of empathy in parent and teacher partnerships. Implications for the development of empathy in preservice and in-service professional development are discussed.
Aeronautical Engineering Capstone Design at the University of Arizona

This paper describes the development and impact of an aeronautical engineering capstone design course sequence taught by an adjunct who works professionally in aerospace concept design. The goal of this course is to produce graduating students that can balance creativity and analysis to produce viable designs. Although the basic syllabus from earlier years was retained, the implementation of the course elements was revised: 1) to emphasize computational methods for Multi-Disciplinary Optimization, 2) to expose students to primary-source classical material, 3) to familiarize students with primary-source government specifications (MIL and FAR standards) and, 4) to develop an understanding that the final product of aircraft design is not just the flight article, but includes the scheduled performance per the aircraft flight manual. The ability to teach “visualization” of aircraft design as an analogy to the creation of a photographic image is explored in this paper. Examples from both the capstone lecture series and the associated student projects will be discussed.
Dissociation of multicharged CO molecular ions produced in collisions with 97-MeV Ar14+: Dissociation fractions and branching ratios.

Data on the production and dissociation of ${\mathrm{CO}}^{\mathit{Q}+}$ molecular ions (where Q=1 through 7) obtained by ion-ion coincidence time-of-flight measurements were analyzed to determine production yields, dissociation fractions, and branching ratios. A detailed comparison of the dissociation fractions for ${\mathrm{CO}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{CO}}^{2+}$ for several collision systems in the same perturbative regime revealed them to be quite similar, whereas the dissociation fraction for ${\mathrm{CO}}^{+}$ produced by valence-electron photoionization is a factor of 1.8 to 3.6 larger. The results for Q\ensuremath{\ge}2 indicated a preference for dissociation channels leading to symmetric or nearly symmetric charge division. An enhancement of the total ionization yields for Qg4 was observed, and it suggests that electron transfer followed by LMM Auger decay plays an important role in determining the final charges of the dissociation products.
Human cytomegalovirus persists in myeloid progenitors and is passed to the myeloid progeny in a latent form.

Summary CD34 + progenitor cells can harbour latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV); however, the mechanisms of HCMV latency remain unclear. We have investigated the effects of the haematopoietic lineage restriction on the establishment and spread of the latent HCMV to progeny cells. In vitroinfected and latently-infected haematopoietic progenitor cells derived from HCMV seropositive donors were studied. The presence of HCMV DNA in bone marrow progenitor (BMP) cells was determined by single colony polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The presence of CMV DNA was found to be restricted to myeloid progenitors and the percentage of HCMV-infected cells was lower in naturally-infected cells than in in vitro-infected cells. Erythroid differentiation resulted in an abortive infection with persistence of the viral nucleic acids in red cell precursors. In BMP cells from HCMV seronegative donors, HCMV DNA was localized in the nucleus. Bone marrow progenitors in the presence of granulocytemacrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) maintained HCMV DNA for extended periods of time. No viral production could be detected throughout the culture but the comparison of the numbers of latentlyinfected cells prior to and after the culture suggests that proliferation of haematopoietic progenitor cells may lead to the expansion of latentlyinfected cells.
Numerical Simulations of Heat and Mass Transfer in Condensing Heat Exchangers for Water Recovery in Power Plants

Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature. Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of non-condensable gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for numerical simulations of water (H2 O) and sulfuric acid (H2 SO4 ) condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on mass and energy balances for the system were derived to predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties. An experimental study was carried out in order to yield data for validation of modeling results. Parametric studies for both modeling and experiments were performed to investigate the effects of parameters such as flue gas flow rate, cooling water flow rate, inlet cooling water temperature and tube configurations (bare and finned tubes) on condensation efficiency. Predicted results of water and sulfuric acid vapor condensation were compared with experimental data for model validation, and this showed agreement between experimental data and predictions to within a few percent. The most important parameters affecting performance of the condensing heat exchangers was the ratio of cooling water to flue gas flow rates, since this determines how much heat the cooling water can absorb. The computer program simultaneously calculates both water vapor condensation and sulfuric acid condensation in flue gas along downstream. Modeling results for prediction of sulfuric acid vapor concentration in the flue gas were compared with measured data obtained by the controlled condensation method. An analytical model of sulfuric acid condensation for oil-firing showed two trends — steep reduction within the high temperature heat exchanger and smooth reduction within lower temperature heat exchanger, which is in agreement with experimental data.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Molecular Basis of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Other Congenital Enteric Neuropathies

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network that controls many essential functions in the gastrointestinal tract, including the regulation of intestinal peristalsis. Neural crest cells migrate, proliferate, and differentiate within the intestinal wall to give rise to the neurons and glial cells of the ENS. Failure of this process to occur normally during embryogenesis can lead to severe disorders of intestinal motility, the most common of which is Hirschsprung's disease. Several proteins have been identified as being essential for normal ENS development, including members of the Ret and endothelin-3 signaling pathways. The analysis of transgenic mice harboring mutations in these critical genes has greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular regulation of ENS development and of the etiology of intestinal aganglionosis. Building on this fundamental research, much has been learned recently about the genetics underlying the complex inheritance pattern of Hirschsprung's disease. Continued progress in elucidating the molecular basis of normal and abnormal ENS development will greatly enhance our understanding of congenital enteric neuropathies and improve our ability to diagnose and treat children affected by these disabling conditions.
Feeding On the Web: Online Social Support in the Breastfeeding Context

Breastfeeding has been found to be an influential factor in the health of both mothers and children; despite the benefits, very few women breastfeed beyond the first 3 months of life. One reason for this discrepancy may lie in a lack of social support in various forms. A better understanding of needed support and of ways support is communicated may help to provide such support to women. Little research has investigated social support from a communication perspective in the breastfeeding context, and as more and more women go online for health information during pregnancy and postpartum, the Web becomes a fruitful place for such exploration. The present study details a mixed methods analysis of social support communication via the top online breastfeeding forums. Results and directions for future research in online social support communication in breastfeeding are discussed.
The kinetics of ostwald ripening in stressed solids: The low volume fraction limit

Abstract The thermodynamics of non-hydrostatically stressed solids has been used to examine the influence of misfit strains, interfacial stress, and coherency stress on the kinetics of coarsening in an elastic solid with a vanishingly small volume fraction of noninteracting spherical precipitates. The following results are obtained: 1. 1. The dimensionless form of the governing equations for Ostwald ripening in a coherent solid, when expressed in the comparison state, is isomorphic with that of the classical LS theory. 2. 2. The exponents of the temporal power laws for the mean radius, the number density of precipitate particles, and the supersaturation obtained in the long-time asymptotic limit are identical to those of the LS theory. 3. 3. The amplitudes of the temporal power laws are different from those of LS and are dependent on the signs and magnitudes of the precipitate misfit, interfacial stress, and solute expansion coefficient. 4. 4. The kinetics of coarsening are altered by the elastic stress primarily through the coupling of misfit and interfacial stress. Only the coefficient for the decay of the supersaturation depends on the solute expansion coefficient. 5. 5. A new expression for the dependence of the precipitate misfit on time during coarsening has been obtained. If the solute expansion coefficient of the matrix is not zero, the misfit is predicted to approach its equilibrium value as t−1/3. 6. 6. The analysis shows that decreasing the magnitude of the precipitate misfit may either increase or decrease the coarsening kinetics.
A review of computer-based truck dispatching strategies for surface mining operations

ABSTRACT Computer-based truck dispatching systems are becoming a widely used means for improving equipment utilization and productivity at surface mining operations and for helping to insure that extraction operations at these mines meet additional performance requirements such as maintenance of stripping ratios and ore grade standards. This paper classifies existing truck dispatching strategies and examines their underlying mathematical formulations in detail. Strengths and weaknesses of the alternative approaches are identified and information on their expected performance in the field is summarized.
A Cluster Analysis of Young Adult College Students' Beef Consumption Behavior Using the Constructs of a Proposed Modified Model of Planned Behavior

The theory of reasoned action (TRA) served as the theoretical framework for this study. This study focused on the development and analysis of a proposed modified model of planned behavior (MMpB) to investigate the beef consumption habits of young adult college students. The participants were a convenience self-selected sample of young adult college students from a major southeastern and southwestern university. A self-report survey was administered to (N = 914) students in classrooms at both universities. Using cluster and discriminant analysis three distinct cluster groupings were found based on the behavior construct.
Linguistic and cognitive deficits associated with cerebellar mutism.

Cerebellar mutism is a period of transient loss of speech following posterior fossa surgery, usually in children under 15 years of age. To date, cases presented in the literature have addressed primarily the motor speech aspect of the phenomenon, with little documentation relative to higher-level linguistic and cognitive functioning of these children. Recent research, however, is increasingly documenting evidence of cerebellar involvement in language and cognition. This paper describes four children, three of whom presented with a period of mutism following posterior fossa surgery, and one who did not exhibit mutism. All children, however, demonstrated a similar profile of significant high-level linguistic and cognitive deficit on formal speech-language and neuropsychological measures. Documented cases to date are reviewed and compared to these subjects. Literature documenting the role of the cerebellum in language and cognition is summarized and compared to evidence of residual deficits associated with c...
Fourier Transform Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

The construction and operation of a Michelson interferometer that permits Fourier transform photoacoustic spectroscopy of opaque and partially transparent samples at visible wavelengths is described. Multiplexing and throughput advantages are considered. A visible spectrum of Nd(III) doped laser glass is reproduced and potential kinetic applications are described.
Multigenerational Practice: An Innovative Infusion Approach.

This article examines the impact of a curricular infusion strategy to integrate multigenerational practice issues into social work education. Based on a survey of MSW students (N=83), findings illustrate that student interest, knowledge, and skills in aging and multigenerational practice increased significantly following the implementation of a 3-tiered infusion approach. While the majority of students endorsed aging and multigenerational issues as important to social work in general, many did not understand the relevance to their own careers. In general, students were more interested in multigenerational rather than gerontological practice, both in relation to acquiring additional knowledge and skills and in pursuing further coursework. Next steps are outlined for integrating a multigenerational practice perspective into social work education.
Solar Pink Pong: Street Video Game

Solar Pink Pong is an art installation that translates a video game into the physical space of the street. In this installation, a computer controlled color mirror reflects sunlight to the asphalt in the form of a neon pink spot. Through motion sensing technology, pedestrians can interact with the animated circle of sunlight. They can kick it with their feet or hit it with the shadows of their hands. They can volley it back and forth with a partner or bounce it off a boundary such as a curb or road marking. The device that makes this game possible works autonomously and completely off the grid. It can be mounted on utility poles or building sides. Solar Pink Pong aims at pushing the boundaries of video game culture and technology outside of the living room changing the way humans interact with outdoor environments and see daylight through the lens of technology. Video documentation of this work is available at: https://vimeo.com/111312495
Enhanced Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties in Dendrimer−Metal Nanocomposites

Nonlinear optical (NLO) and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic measurements of dendrimer−metal nanocomposites (DNCs) are reported. Third-order NLO effects were investigated by degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) measurements for DNCs and DNCs incorporated into thin polymeric films. The results show an enhancement of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility for the chromophore-functionalized dendrimer−metal nanocomposites. Investigations of the mechanism of the enhanced NLO effect suggested a strong contribution because of the metal's local field. These results show the potential usefulness of dendrimer−metal nanocomposites for nonlinear optical effects and biophotonic applications.
Tuber yield and tuber traits of haploid-wild species F1 hybrids

Haploid-wild species hybrids have been produced that incorporate desirable traits and genetic diversity from wild species into the cultivated potato. Nine wild species were represented in 210 hybrids which were evaluated in a yield trial with ten haploid parents and four cultivars. Haploid-wild species hybrids yielded up to 3.1 kg/hill, compared to 1.8 kg/hill for the haploids; the species parents did not tuberize. Some 2x hybrids outyielded three of the 4x cultivars. Tubers of most hybrids, especially those withSolanum berthaultii, S. canasense, S. chacoense, andS. tarijense as parents, were very smooth. Tuber set in many haploid-wild species hybrids was low. Extensive variability for dormancy and mass density (specific gravity) was also observed. Haploid-wild species hybrids which produce 2n pollen have been brought to the 4x level via 4x×2x crosses.
The dehydrocyclization-controlling site in bifunctional reforming catalysts

Bifunctional catalysts which contain Pt or Pt and a second metal supported on an acidic carrier such as y-Al203 are widely used in the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphtha. In the classical scheme of bifunctional catalysis proposed by Mills et al. [I], the metal function catalyzes (dejhydrogenation reactions of paraffins into olefins and naphthenes into aromatics while the acid function catalyzes skeletal rearrangements of olefins. Such a scheme gives a good qualitative description of the macroscopic phenomena observed in catalytic reforming. However, the reality is known to be much more complex. The metal function alone can catalyze hydrogenolysis, closure and opening of fiveand six-membered rings, and dehydrocyclization as well as isomerization [2]. Similarly, the acid function can catalyze isomerization, ring opening, ring closure and ring enlargement. reactions. It has also been found that. dihydrogen dissociatively adsorbed on the Pt function can volatilize some of the coke on the acid function, presumably by spillover of adsorbed H atoms [3]. So, a myriad of reactions occur on the surface of a bifunctional reforming catalyst. In some of these reactions, the reacting species uses only one type of site during its residence on the surface, while in others it seems to shuttle between two different types of sites. If, during time-on-stream, one catalyst function is poisoned preferentially, the deterioration in overall performance will depend on the quantitative contribution of this particular function to the overall conversion. In the extreme case where the multiplicative product of the number of sites and the turnover frequency for function A is several orders of magnitude larger than that for function B, a partial poisoning of B will result in a proportional decrease of the overall conversion for all reactions involving B, while a similar poisoning of A will have little or no effect on these reactions. In the light of these considerations, it is of interest to know which one of the two functions, acid or metal, is the "critical" function of a reforming catalyst. Contradictory claims exist in the literature. It has been reported that (i) coking of the acid function controls deactivation [4], (ii) coking of the metal function controls deactivation [5], (iii) coking of both functions may be important in controlling deactivation [6],