cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Racial politics in residential segregation studies

Most research about race has been influenced by values of one sort or another. This started with the inception of race as a biological category. Cognitive values about race were concerned with the worth of distinctive taxonomic divisions, and political values about it were concerned with the moral, aesthetic, and political meanings of these human distinctions. The presence of cognitive and non‐cognitive values in contemporary social science concerning race is no less present or important. The role of racial politics is exposed in the debate over the nature of contemporary residential housing patterns, as well as in examinations of the methods and measures of segregation research. Such examinations uncover not only a sociology of the segregation studies, but also certain values about race and segregation. This leads us to richer explanations, given our public political desires, than we would have without those values.
We Made History: Collective Memory and the Legacy of the Tuskegee Airmen

This qualitative investigation examines the collective constructions of the legacy of the Tuskegee Airmen and men's perspectives of the impact of their military experiences on their postwar lives. African American men (n = 93) who participated in the “Tuskegee Experiment” as pilots, ground crew, and other military personnel were surveyed. The emergent legacy focused on record of excellence and accomplishment in their individual performance and military service, the contesting of American racism and its impact on racial ideology and social policy, and lessons for the next generation that can be drawn from this history. In civilian life, in the military and aviation, and as civic actors the Tuskegee Airmen distinguished themselves as Black men, and as Americans. The meanings of these social identities and the inherent contradictions of race, nation, and war are embedded within the Tuskegee Airmen history and legacy.
Regulation of Antioxidant Enzyme Expression by NGF

The rapid decreases in viability seen in H2O2-treated PC12 cells reflect enhanced susceptibility of neural cell types to oxidant injury. The dose-response relationship between NGF concentration and survival after H2O2 treatment resembles that for NGF effects on PC12 survival in serumless medium. Previously we have shown that NGF treatment enhances the activity of GSH-Px and catalase which catalyze the degradation of H2O2. Here in order to ascertain whether NGF stimulates transcription, affects mRNA stability, or acts post-transcriptionally, we measured catalase and GSH-Px mRNA half-lives. While both catalase and GSH-Px transcripts are stable with a relatively long half life and a gradual decay in mRNA levels, NGF had different effects on their stability. NGF had marked effects on catalase mRNA stability. The catalase gene has a 3′ flanking region with T-rich clusters and CA repeats known to be susceptible to regulation by destabilization or ubiquination. NGF maintained catalase mRNA levels of actinomycin D (ACT-D) treated PC12 cells at twice that of cells exposed to ACT-D alone, delaying the rate of decay for catalase mRNA for 24 h. The NGF induction of GSH-Px and catalase mRNA was inhibited by cycloheximide (CHX) treatment with a slight decrease in their mRNA levels due to prolonged exposure to CHX. When the CHX treatment was delayed relative to the NGF treatment there was no effect on NGF effects on catalase and GSH-Px. The GSH-Px gene has conserved sequences in the open reading frame and 3′ untranslated region which forms a stem-loop structure necessary for the incorporation of Se into this selenoprotein. While Se is important in stabilizing GSH-Px transcripts, it did not affect transcription rates or mRNA stability. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NGF regulates catalase and GSH-Px expression via a primary effect on transcription factor pathways.
Efficient Metacomputation Using Self-Reconfiguration

Self-reconfiguration is a technique using which configured logic can quickly modify itself at runtime to suit application requirements. Although performance improvements using self-reconfiguration have been demonstrated, the technique itself has been only informally described. Based on an abstract reconfigurable device model, a precise definition of self-reconfiguration is presented in this paper. Various practical issues in efficiently implementing self-reconfiguration are also discussed.A competing approach to self-reconfiguration is the use of a von Neumann processor on the same chip as the reconfigurable logic. Both alternatives can provide on-chip configuration modification. The performance of both alternatives is evaluated for a frequently used configuration modification operation. The approaches used for both alternatives are described and the performance of both approaches is evaluated. Self-reconfiguration is found to require significantly lesser area as well as significantly lesser time compared to the attached processor approach.
Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI)

The use of manganese ions (Mn(2+)) as an MRI contrast agent was introduced over 20 years ago in studies of Mn(2+) toxicity in anesthetized rats (1). Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) evolved in the late nineties when Koretsky and associates pioneered the use of MEMRI for brain activity measurements (2) as well as neuronal tract tracing (3). Currently, MEMRI has three primary applications in biological systems: (1) contrast enhancement for anatomical detail, (2) activity-dependent assessment and (3) tracing of neuronal connections or tract tracing. MEMRI relies upon the following three main properties of Mn(2+): (1) it is a paramagnetic ion that shortens the spin lattice relaxation time constant (T(1)) of tissues, where it accumulates and hence functions as an excellent T(1) contrast agent; (2) it is a calcium (Ca(2+)) analog that can enter excitable cells, such as neurons and cardiac cells via voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels; and (3) once in the cells Mn(2+) can be transported along axons by microtubule-dependent axonal transport and can also cross synapses trans-synaptically to neighboring neurons. This chapter will emphasize the methodological approaches towards the use of MEMRI in biological systems.
Targeting interleukin-6 for noninfectious uveitis

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of many immune-mediated disorders including several types of non-infectious uveitis. These uveitic conditions include Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, uveitis associated with Behcet disease, and sarcoidosis. This review summarizes the role of IL-6 in immunity, highlighting its effect on Th17, Th1, and plasmablast differentiation. It reviews the downstream mediators activated in the process of IL-6 binding to its receptor complex. This review also summarizes the biologics targeting either IL-6 or the IL-6 receptor, including tocilizumab, sarilumab, sirukumab, olokizumab, clazakizumab, and siltuximab. The target, dosage, potential side effects, and potential uses of these biologics are summarized in this article based on the existing literature. In summary, anti-IL-6 therapy for non-infectious uveitis shows promise in terms of efficacy and side effect profile.
Direct inversion of velocity interfaces

[1] Seismic tomography traditionally inverts for velocity field on a regularly spaced and fixed-in-space model grid. Such an approach is not able to adequately describe pinchouts or wedge-shaped velocities as commonly seen at basin boundaries, faulted rock beds, and back-arc mantle wedges. A regularly spaced model grid also requires the use of a large number of model variables. This paper shows a different approach called deformable layer tomography (DLT) to directly invert for velocity interfaces. The use of thickness-varying layers allows a much smaller number of model variables for the DLT than the regularly spaced model grid. In the DLT the geologic framework and known velocity range are adopted into the initial reference model, and the best-data-fitting geometry of the velocity interfaces is determined, as illustrated by synthetic and field data examples.
Western Conference Football Strategy

(1931). Western Conference Football Strategy. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 17-47.
Neuromuscular functions in esophageal smooth muscle of opossums as differently affected by veratrum alkaloids.

Stimulation of intramural nerves in esophageal smooth muscle in vitro reveals that longitudinal muscle receives only excitatory cholinergic nerves and circular muscle receives only nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves. The latter nerves abolish the myogenic tone that characterizes sphincter muscle, but cause only a rebound contraction (the off-response) in esophageal body muscle. The off-response could be myogenic, or it could reflect rebound discharge of a second excitatory neuron. Two mixtures of neurotropic veratrum alkaloids, veratrine and cryptenamine, selectively depressed off-responses at concentrations (up to 3 × 10 -6 g/ml) that did not depress the cholinergic contraction of longitudinal muscle and the myogenic tone of sphincter or neurogenic relaxation of sphincter tone. Cryptenamine was less potent than veratrine. Thus, either an interposed excitatory neuron is present that is selectively depressed by veratrum alkaloids, or the mechanism for rebound contraction differs from that involved in cholinergic and tonic contractions.
Sudden death in heart failure patients: effects of optimized medical therapy

Although medical therapy, particularly with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, has been demonstrated to prolong life in patients with chronic heart failure, the effect of standard medical therapy on sudden unexpected death in patients with heart failure is less well understood. Recent clinical trials have provided new insights into this growing problem. The impact of modern medical therapy for heart failure, including ACE inhibitors, beta-adrenergic antagonists, digoxin, calcium channel antagonists, and antiarrhythmic interventions will be discussed.
Actinomycosis pelvic abscess after in vitro fertilization

Objective To report a case of pelvic actinomycosis presenting as large, multiloculated abscesses after an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle for male factor infertility. Design A case report and literature review. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) A 31-year-old nulligravid woman presenting with urinary retention, pelvic pain, and fever 6 days after transvaginal oocyte retrieval and an embryo transfer for male factor infertility. Intervention(s) Intravenous and oral antimicrobial therapy, and computed tomography (CT)-guided drainage of pelvic abscesses. Main Outcome Measure(s) Clinical and radiologic resolution of symptoms and infection. Result(s) The CT scan revealed several large, multiloculated pelvic and tuboovarian abscesses. The patient defervesced after 6 days of intravenous antibiotics, but the pelvic pain did not improve. After CT-guided drainage of the pelvic abscesses, the patient's symptoms improved. The drained material was cultured, and the patient was diagnosed with pelvic actinomycosis tuboovarian abscesses, an infrequent cause of tuboovarian abscess and a rare complication of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The patient was switched from intravenous to oral antibiotics and discharged home. Conclusion(s) Pelvic Actinomyces israelii presenting as pelvic abscesses may occur as a rare complication of ART. Physicians should consider a diagnosis of tuboovarian abscess in a patient reporting fever and pelvic pain after IVF and embryo transfer.
The use of natural teeth in overlay dentures

A method has been described for the construction of tooth-supported dentures where the natural tooth was utilized and the acrylic resin for the denture base processed directly to the prepared cast. Based on the 112 dentures that were made, this technique is economical, provides support and stabilization, and has full patient acceptance.
Digital Storytelling as a Method for Engaged Scholarship in Anthropology

Technology…is not simply an adjunct to business-as-usual; it becomes a defining quality of our culture as researchers. As such, we might do well to devote more of our energies to studying ourselves as we study others (Tedlock 2005). In other words, we need to turn our observational skills on the encounters we ourselves create; we must observe not only what happens when "we" encounter "them," but also what happens to us when we mediate those encounters via a particular kind of technology that has the capacity to transform both our way of seeing and our way of understanding the world (Angrosino 2007:119).
Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of 14C-glucolipid from UDP-glucose-14C☆

Abstract Particulate enzymes of Phaseolus aureus seedlings catalyze the synthesis from UDP-glucose-14C of two d -glucose-14C containing compounds soluble in 1:1 chloroform-methanol. The distribution of this enzyme activity among a series of centrifugal fractions obtained in the range from 270 to 100,00 g is remarkably similar to the distribution of particles active in synthesizing cell-wall polysaccharides.
Recruitment of research participants from U.S. jury pools.

Psychological research is often criticized for routine use of a narrow and unrepresentative study population-college students. This study investigated the feasibility of recruiting research participants from U.S. jury pools, which by law must include a representative cross-section of the public. A questionnaire was mailed to the jury administrators in the 217 U.S. state court jurisdictions with populations of 250,000 or more. Court officials representing 79 jurisdictions in 30 states and the District of Columbia returned surveys (36% response rate). In addition, respondents who indicated in the mail survey that their court had previously allowed outside investigators to recruit jurors also completed a follow-up telephone interview. While the majority of jurisdictions (61%) opposed participation of jurors in research, 31 jurisdic tions (39%) did not object to this practice. Only 8 of the nonopposed jurisdictions had been asked to host research, and 7 had agreed to do so. The jurisdictions that opened their jury pools to researchers employed a number of strategies to circumvent potential problems and generally reported that hosting research was a positive experience. Jury pools represent a viable and relatively untapped source of research participants. Many courts are open to the possibility of hosting research but have never been asked to do so. Both researchers and court officials should be reassured by the positive experiences of courts that have hosted research.
Complications with selective posterior rhizotomy.

Since 1986 250 patients have undergone selective posterior rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy at New York University Medical Center. Severe, perioperative complications were experienced by 15 % of t
Simplified boson mappings of symplectic shell model algebras.

Several sets of authors have recently developed a systematic method of obtaining boson realizations of the Lie algebras of the symplectic groups, utilizing the subgroup chain Sp(2..lambda..)containsU(..lambda..). Physical motivation stems both from the Sp(6,R-italic) collective model (noncompact algebra) and various shell-model applications (compact algebra). We present here a number of the simplest examples of interest for shell-model application. These include the L-italicS-italic coupled (identical nucleon) shell-model algebra (for application to the pseudo-SU(3) model) and the Sp(6) model of Ginocchio.
The Adapted American City: A Study of Institutional Dynamics

Almost all U.S. cities are established by state charter as either mayor-council or council-manager cities. For decades, these two legal-statutory categories have been used by researchers as dichotomous variables in descriptions of city government form and in statistical equations. This study indicates that the mayor-council and council-manager categories, although legally based, mask several important empirical characteristics of U.S. city government. Using a large data set, the authors indicate that the structures of U.S. cities are surprisingly dynamic. Cities tend to change their structures incrementally. Over time, cities with mayor-council statutory platforms will incrementally adapt many of the characteristics of council-manager form cities to improve their management and productivity capabilities. Over time, cities with council-manager statutory platforms will adopt features of mayor-council form cities to increase their political responsiveness, leadership, and accounting capabilities. Because eac...
Recognizing circle graphs in polynomial time

The main result of this paper is an 0([V] x [E]) time algorithm for deciding whether a given graph is a circle graph, that is, the intersection graph of a set of chords on a circle. The algorithm utilizes two new graph-theoretic results, regarding necessary induced subgraphs of graphs having neither articulation points nor similar pairs of vertices. Furthermore, as a substep of the algorithm, it is shown how to find in 0([V] x [E]) time a decomposition of a graph into prime graphs, thereby improving on a result of Cunningham.
Inference of cell cycle-dependent proteolysis by laser scanning cytometry

Mechanisms that couple protein turnover to cell cycle progression are critical for coordinating the events of cell duplication and division. Despite the importance of cell cycle-regulated proteolysis, however, technologies to measure this phenomenon are limited, and typically involve monitoring cells that are released back into the cell cycle after synchronization. We describe here the use of laser scanning cytometry (LSC), a technical merger between fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, to determine cell cycle-dependent changes in protein stability in unperturbed, asynchronous, cultures of mammalian cells. In this method, the ability of the LSC to accurately measure whole cell fluorescence is employed, together with RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, to relate abundance of a particular RNA and protein in a cell to its point at the cell cycle. Parallel monitoring of RNA and protein levels is used, together with protein synthesis inhibitors, to reveal cell cycle-specific changes in protein turnover. We demonstrate the viability of this method by analyzing the proteolysis of two prominent human oncoproteins, Myc and Cyclin E, and argue that this LSC-based approach offers several practical advantages over traditional cell synchronization methods.
Role of phonons in the optical properties of magnetron sputtered ZnO studied by resonance Raman and photoluminescence

The temperature dependence of phonons in ZnO has been studied using resonance Raman and photoluminescence (PL) emission measurements. Excitation with wavelength 363.8 nm (photon energy 3.409 eV) is used to establish incoming resonance near room temperature. Broad PL emission is seen at room temperature with peak position at 3.25 eV. This coincides with the overtone of the longitudinal optic (LO) band. Up to six LO phonon orders are observed. Temperature dependence of the LO phonon energy is described by a two-phonon decay mechanism with energies 100 and 496 cm−1. The temperature dependence of the PL shift is interpreted based on electron-phonon interactions. A two-phonon description is sufficient to describe the temperature shift in the band gap through occupation at average acoustic and optic phonon energies 125 and 500 cm−1, respectively. LO phonon sidebands (PSBs) are also observed at low temperature (23 to 100 K). The temperature shift in the PSB energies is interpreted based on the band gap shift com...
Restriction endonuclease HindIII cleavage site map of bacteriophage P22

Abstract The 14 HindIII cleavage sites on P22 DNA have been mapped. HindIII cleavage sites were located relative to EcoRI sites by determining the molecular weights and map order of fragments produced by HindIII, or HindIII and EcoRI digestion. Molecular weights were estimated from the electrophoretic mobility of fragments. The HindIII fragment order was established by HindIII cleavage of segments of the P22 genome obtained as isolated EcoRI fragments or as overlapping genetic substitutions in bacteriophage λ chromosomes. The resulting HindIII/EcoRI cleavage site map defines physical markers in all regions of the P22 genome and defines the locations of a number of P22 genes on this physical map of the P22 chromosome. Three HindIII sites and two HpaI sites have been mapped in immI, one of two P22 gene clusters controlling lysogeny. Two of these HindIII sites lie within the structural gene ant specifying one of the regulatory proteins of the immI region. Assignment of the ant gene to specific HindIII fragments utilized the insertion element Tnl, which was shown to contain no HindIII cleavage sites.
Observations of total electron content perturbations on GPS signals caused by a ground level explosion

Abstract We have measured perturbations of electron density in the ionosphere caused by a ground level explosion with an energy release of 2 kt (8.5 × 10 12 J) using transmissions from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites to monitor integrated electron density. The frequencies of the transmissions were 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60MHz (L2). The detected perturbation showed a maximum excursion of 0.14 TEC units and had a duration of 80 s beginning at 565 s after the explosion. The acoustic disturbance necessary to produce such a perturbation is well modeled as an N wave with a dimension of 35 km and a relative amplitude of 12% propagating radially at a speed of 0.7 km/s. The majority of the TEC perturbation occurred at an altitude of approximately 200 km.
Do cholla cacti (Opuntia spp., Subgenus Cylindropuntia) use or need nurse plants in the Mojave Desert?

Abstract (1) Three species of cylindropuntia cacti, or chollas, occur in the Mojave Desert of southern California: Opuntia echinocarpa, O. ramosissima , and O. acanthocarpa . The spatial distributions of chollas of different sizes, and presumably ages, were examined at three sites of similar elevation, soils and uniform topography, but at which the densities of the different chollas and of certain other shrubby plants are different. (2) The youngest chollas are strongly associated with particular nurse plant species (especially the perennial grass Hilaria rigida ), but differentially among cholla species and between sites with different composition of potential nurses. (3) Nurse plants are generally replaced by the growing chollas, but some nurse species recur with, and are nursed by, adult chollas. Other shrub species have no importance as cholla nurses, but occur as cholla proteges. (4) Data are reported on the potential for fruit trapping and herbivore protection by the nurse plants, and for light and water competition between chollas of different ages and other species in the vegetation. The roles of such processes in the dynamics of the cholla populations, and alternative explanations for the nurse plant phenomenon, are discussed.
Aucassin et Nicolette: The economics of desire

In the world ofAucassin et Nicolette (as in our own) money and gold function as measures of value, as means of exchange, as guarantees of promises or contracts, and their buying power functions as a sign of power or of social rank. Thus the importance of money is recognized by everyone inAucassin et Nicolette, with the possible exception of the kingdom of Torelore, “un monde a l'envers,” where there is no mention of exchanges, gold, or money. Aucassin wants to go to hell because there he will have money and luxury goods to purchase; the shepherds want to earn money to buy cakes and musical instruments, and the peasant is saved from prison by the money that Aucassin gives him to pay for his lost ox. And it is through the intermediary of money that Aucassin and Nicolette are reunited. Since the first exchange proposed to the reader by the narrator, it is exchange and money which make the narrative function and which bring it to a happy conclusion.
Conversion of 2-propanol over chromium orthophosphates

The conversion (dehydration/dehydrogenation) of 2-propanol on a series of CrPO4 (Cr/P=1) catalysts, differently prepared and thermally treated at 773–1073 K, has been studied by microcatalytic pulse reactor technique at different temperatures (473–573 K). Catalytic performance is strongly affected by the precipitation agent. Catalysts obtained in propylene oxide-aqueous ammonia showed the highest activity towards propene compared to other catalysts. Calcination at increasing temperatures caused a decrease in activity due to the decrease in surface acid character. Dehydrogenation to 2-propanone occurs to a small extent at all reaction temperatures. Propene selectivity strongly increases with increasing reaction temperature.
A functional membrane repair system in Duchenne muscular dystrophy fibroblasts

Abstract Experiments have been performed to determine if fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are defective in a process of membrane repair. Normal and DMD fibroblasts were treated with phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens to degrade plasma membrane phosphatidylcholine, and then phosphatidylcholine synthesis was measured as the incorporation of [3H]choline into lipid. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis was stimulated by phospholipase C treatment to a similar extent in normal and DMD fibroblasts. The activity of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, the enzyme regulating phosphatidylcholine synthesis in phospholipase C-treated mammalian cells, was also stimulated to the same extent in both cell types. The subcellular location of the cytidylyltransferase was changed by phospholipase C treatment from mostly cytosolic to mostly particulate in both normal and DMD fibroblasts. It appears, therefore, that at least one type of membrane repair system functions normally in DMD fibroblasts.
Long-Path Monitoring of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide with a Tunable Diode Laser System

Long-path measurements of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere are described. The technique of resonance absorption was used in which the wavelength of radiation from a PbS0.82Se0.18 semiconductor diode laser was tuned into coincidence with an absorption line of CO in its fundamental band around 4.7 μm. By employing rapid frequency modulation of the laser emission to overcome atmospheric turbulence effects, it was possible to achieve a minimum detectable concentration of 5 parts per billion over a 0.61-km path. Continuous around-the-clock monitoring was also performed and permitted increases in the ambient CO level due to commuter traffic to be observed.
3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone in Alfalfa

A yellow crystalline flavone previously isolated from alfalfa has now been identified as 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone. This structure was confirmed by comparison of the ultraviolet and infrared spectra and melting point of the unknown with those of an authentic synthetic sample.
A randomized, 48-week, placebo-controlled trial of intensive lifestyle modification and/or metformin therapy in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study

Abstract Objective To obtain data from a pilot randomized trial on the effect of metformin therapy and lifestyle modification on ovulation and androgen concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Thirty-eight overweight or obese women with PCOS. Intervention(s) All subjects were randomized to one of four 48-week interventions: metformin 850 mg two times per day, lifestyle modification plus metformin 850 mg two times per day, lifestyle modification plus placebo, or placebo alone. Main outcome measure(s) Recruitment, dropout, and compliance with a long-term lifestyle intervention in PCOS; preliminary estimates of treatment effect on ovulation, as measured by weekly urinary pregnanediol glucuronide, and on total T and free androgen index. Result(s) It was necessary to screen seven women to have one subject randomized. The dropout rate was 39%, with the majority of dropouts occurring within the first 24 weeks. Mean body mass index was >39 mg/kg 2 . Modest weight reduction was found in all treatment groups, with the most significant reduction occurring with the combination of metformin and lifestyle intervention. Significant androgen reduction occurred in the combination group only. Ovulation rates did not differ significantly between groups. However, when data were analyzed by presence or absence of weight reduction in subjects, independent of treatment group, the estimated odds ratio for weight loss was 9.0 (95% confidence interval 1.2-64.7) with respect to regular ovulation. If weight loss occurred during metformin therapy, the odds ratio for regular ovulation was 16.2 (95% confidence interval 4.4-60.2). Conclusion(s) Key methodologic issues for a large-scale, randomized trial of lifestyle intervention in PCOS include minimizing early dropout from the lifestyle intervention and including a range of body mass index that is not skewed toward severe obesity. Weight reduction might play the most significant role in restoration of ovulation in obese women with PCOS.
Strawberry Modulates LDL Oxidation and Postprandial Lipemia in Response to High-Fat Meal in Overweight Hyperlipidemic Men and Women

Background: Elevated levels of lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and triglycerides (TG), are widely recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) is an emerging risk factor considered relevant in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which is implicated in the progression of CVD. Consumption of a diet rich in polyphenols may be cardioprotective through its impact on oxidative stress and protecting LDL from oxidation. Objectives: This study was designed to test the ability of strawberry phenolic compounds to mitigate the postprandial effects of a high-fat meal on OxLDL as well as investigate the effects of phenolic compounds on lipid metabolism. Methods: Twenty-four hyperlipidemic men and women (14 women, 10 men; mean age 50.9 6 SD 15 years) were recruited to participate in this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-wk crossover trial. After a 10-day run-in period, subjects consumed either an active strawberry beverage (Str; containing 10 g freeze-dried fruit) or a placebo (Pbo) beverage matched in energy and macronutrient composition for 6 weeks. Twice before randomization and once at the 6-week crossover point, subjects received either Str or Pbo with a high-fat challenge meal (HFM). TC, LDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG, and OxLDL were measured at defined intervals for 6 h before and after HFM challenge. Fasting concentrations of blood variables at 0, 6, and 12 weeks were compared to assess chronic intake of Str or Pbo. Results: After the HFM during the run-in period, TG and OxLDL were lower after Str than Pbo (p 5 0.005, p 5 0.01, and p 5 0.0008, respectively). HFM responses after 6 weeks of Str versus Pbo resulted in decreased lipid levels and a sex by treatment interaction for OxLDL (p 5, 0.0001, and p 5 0.0002). Conclusion: The present results support a role for strawberry in mitigating fed-state oxidative stressors that may contribute to atherogenesis.
The STEP environment for distributed problem-based learning on the World Wide Web

Successful elementary and secondary educational reform requires analogous reform in teacher education; however, the standard undergraduate setting in schools of education poses considerable obstacles. In this paper, we describe the STEP environment for distributed problem-based learning (www.eSTEPweb.org), which represents one of many efforts to create a viable model for teacher education reform. Here, we describe our approach to creating a socio-technical infrastructure designed to help foster a knowledge-building community among preservice teachers, practicing teachers, and instructional staff. We highlight the online environment that supports student and staff coursework in the learning sciences component of a secondary teacher education curriculum.
Theoretical and simulation studies of characteristics of a Compton light source

Compton scattering of a laser beam with a relativistic electron beam has been used to generate intense, highly polarized and nearly monoenergetic x-ray or gamma-ray beams at many facilities. The ability to predict the spatial, spectral, and temporal characteristics of a Compton gamma-ray beam is crucial for the optimization of the operation of a Compton light source as well as for the applications utilizing the Compton beam. In this paper, we present two approaches, one based upon analytical calculations and the other based upon Monte Carlo simulations, to study the Compton scattering process for various electron and laser-beam parameters as well as different gamma-beam collimation conditions. These approaches have been successfully applied to characterize Compton gamma-ray beams, after being benchmarked against experimental results at the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source ($\mathrm{HI}\ensuremath{\gamma}\mathrm{S}$) facility at Duke University.
The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust

For more than four decades, research has investigated the relationship between perceptions of organizational justice and employees' work attitudes. This study used two data sets to examine how perceptions of organizational justice influence marketing employees' perceived support and trust. Specifically, this study examines the role of perceived support as a mediator between organizational justice and trust. The results indicate that in Study 1 perceived organizational support (POS) serves as a mediator between procedural justice and organizational trust. Interactional justice is both a direct and indirect predictor of supervisory trust through perceived supervisor support (PSS). Distributive justice is related indirectly to organizational trust through PSS and directly to organizational trust. In contrast to the results in Study 1, distributive justice is an antecedent to both POS and PSS while procedural justice is related directly to organizational trust.
NUCLEAR STOPPING POWER

Abstract Inclusive cross sections for protons emitted in 100 GeV proton-nucleus collisions are used to estimate the stopping power of nuclear matter for fast nucleons. The typical recoil momentum obtained for a nucleon struck by the center of a lead nucleus is 4–10 GeV/c, an order of magnitude greater than in p-p collisions, and an order of magnitude smaller than in a naive cascade model. Possible implications for high energy heavy ion collisions are discussed.
On-Line Education in a Management Science Course--Effectiveness and Performance Factors

Abstract This study examined the effectiveness of the virtual classroom concept for an undergraduate course in management science. A traditional classroom lecture course was compared with the same course with an on-line component to determine if any difference in effectiveness emerged. The course with the on-line option was found to be as effective as the traditional course. In addition, several factors were studied to determine if any were associated with performance in the two instructional approaches. The students' grade point averages and classroom attendance were found to be associated with performance in both cases.
Mechanics of vein, fault and solution surface formation in the Appalachian valley and ridge, northeastern tennessee, U.S.A.: implications for fault friction, state of stress and fluid pressure

Abstract Complex patterns of veins, solution surfaces and faults in exposures of the Sevier Shale in the Appalachian fold and thrust belt, Tennessee, U.S.A., result from the interplay between the remote state of stress and stress perturbations caused by slip across thrust faults. In order to gain a better understanding of this interplay and its consequences, a two-dimensional displacement discontinuity boundary-element model (DDBEM) is utilized to interpret structural assemblages from the Sevier Shale. A DDBEM of isolated faults and fault arrays shows that the local state of stress is controlled by the frictional resistance along the faults and the angle between the remote (applied) greatest compressive stress direction and the fault planes. Nowhere is this more evident than within the domains bounded by bed-parallel echelon thrust fault arrays. Here, contrasting structural patterns involving geologically contemporaneous cleavages and bedding-normal veins are recognized. The cleavages are oblique to the trend of the bed-parallel thrust fault arrays implying that the fault arrays were not frictionless during the dissolution process. The bedding-normal veins, however, indicate that the same fault arrays were principal stress planes and nearly frictionless during opening fracturing. Low frictional resistance is interpreted to be due to nearly lithostatic fluid pressures. These contrasting styles are interpreted to result from slip and inter-slip periods of deformation. When the fluid pressure was high, fault friction was low, and the faults slipped. Fracturing dominated the domains between the thrust fault arrays causing the veins to open and a decrease in the fluid pressure. During the inter-slip period the fluid pressure was low; the faults had significant frictional resistance; and pressure solution was the dominant deformation mechanism. The cycling between slip and inter-slip periods and respective states of stress may explain the non-orthogonal relationship between the co-existing veins and cleavages.
Two flow network simplification algorithms

Flow network simplification can reduce the size of the flow network and hence the amount of computation performed by flow algorithms. We present the first linear time algorithm for the undirected network case. We also give an O(|E| × (|V| + |E|)) time algorithm for the directed case, an improvement over the previous best O(|V| + |E|2 log |V|) time solution. Both of our algorithms are quite simple.
Computational simplicial homology in APL

In this paper, we describe a set of APL programs prepared by the author for computation of homology groups of simplicial complexes. These programs may be used in conjunction with a first course in algebraic topology in several ways: to help the student gain an intuitive feel for homology theory, to suggest plausible conjectures in algebraic topology, and to aid proofs.
Mode expansion and Bragg filtering for a high-fidelity fiber-based photon-pair source

We report the development of a fiber-based single spatial-mode source of photon-pairs where the efficiency of extracting photon-pairs is increased through the use of fiber-end expansion and Bragg filters. This improvement in efficiency enabled a spectrally bright and pure photon-pair source having a small second-order correlation function (0.03) and a raw spectral brightness of 44,700 pairs s-1nm-1mW-1. The source can be configured to generate entangled photon-pairs, characterized via optimal and minimal quantum state tomography, to have a fidelity of 97% and tangle of 92%, without subtracting any background.
Public attitudes toward euthanasia and suicide for terminally ill persons: 1977 and 1996

This study replicates Singh's (1979) "classic" examination of correlates of euthanasia and suicide attitudes. The purposes of the current study were to assess (1) changes in public attitudes toward these voluntary termination of life practices, and (2) changes in the effects on attitudes of selected independent variables. I found Americans' approval of both euthanasia and suicide in 1996 to be higher than that in 1977. The increase in the approval of suicide, however, far outstripped that of euthanasia. Results of OLS regressions indicated that race, religious commitment, religious attendance, political identification, and suicide approval were statistically significant predictors of euthanasia approval. Only religious attendance and euthanasia approval were statistically significant predictors of suicide approval in both 1977 and 1996. The findings regarding euthanasia approval support those of Singh (1979); those regarding suicide approval do not. Triangulation of methods in future research is necessary to illuminate other aspects of these multifaceted issues.
The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 mediate monocyte/macrophage trafficking in kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury

Chemokines and their receptors such as CCR2 and CX3CR1 mediate leukocyte adhesion and migration into injured tissue. To further define mechanisms of monocyte trafficking during kidney injury we identified two groups of F4/80-positive cells (F4/80 low and F4/80 high ) in the normal mouse kidney that phenotypically correspond to macrophages and dendritic cells, respectively. Following ischemia and 3h of reperfusion, there was a large influx of F4/80 low inflamed monocytes, but not dendritic cells, into the kidney. These monocytes produced TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α and IL-12. Ischemic injury induced in CCR2 −/− mice or in CCR2 +/+ mice, made chimeric with CCR2 −/− bone marrow, resulted in lower plasma creatinine levels and their kidneys had fewer infiltrated F4/80 low macrophages compared to control mice. CX3CR1 expression contributed to monocyte recruitment into inflamed kidneys, as ischemic injury in CX3CR1 −/− mice was reduced, with fewer F4/80 low macrophages than controls. Monocytes transferred from CCR2 +/+ or CX3CR1 +/− mice migrated into reperfused kidneys better than monocytes from either CCR2 −/− or CX3CR1 −/− mice. Adoptive transfer of monocytes from CCR2 +/+ mice, but not CCR2 −/− mice, reversed the protective effect in CCR2 −/− mice following ischemia-reperfusion. Egress of CD11b + Ly6C high monocytes from blood into inflamed kidneys was CCR2- and CX3CR1-dependent. Our study shows that inflamed monocyte migration, through CCR2- and CX3CR1-dependent mechanisms, plays a critical role in kidney injury following ischemia reperfusion.
Development of Efficient Algorithms for Quasigroup Generation & Encryption

This paper proposes a lightweight quasigroup based encryption scheme for providing message confidentiality. A fast and efficient method of generating a practically unlimited number of quasigroups of an arbitrary order is presented. The scheme first generates a random quasigroup of order 256 out of the extremely large number of available options. A new method using shift and lookup operations on the quasigroup is then used for encryption/decryption of the data. Experiments conducted on text and visual data prove that enhanced security may be provided using computationally efficient schemes involving simple operations on quasigroups.
Early but not late burn wound excision partially restores viral-specific T lymphocyte cytotoxicity

Objective: Early burn wound excision restores immunocompetence and improves patient survival, but the exact mechanisms have not yet been defined. Burn injury impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity as a function of burn size, increasing the risk of infection. The purpose of this study was to determine if early wound excision improved viral-specific CTL function. Methods: Anesthetized C57BL/6 mice (n = 20) received 0%, 20%, or 40% total body surface area full-thickness contact burns and were inoculated 3 days later with intraperitoneal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Eight days after infection, or 11 days after burn, CTL effectors (E) were harvested and tested against infected, radiolabeled L-D h targets (T) in a 51 Cr-release assay, at varied E:T ratios. Dilution curves of CTL activity were compared by analysis of variance. In the second experiment, mice (n = 18) underwent a 30% burn that was totally excised and grafted on postburn days (PBDs) 0, 3, and 7. Control groups included sham burn and no excision of a 30% burn. In the third experiment, mice (n = 22) received a 30% burn that was partially, completely, or not excised on PBD 3. Control groups included sham burn with and without excision. All groups were infected with intraperitoneal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus on PBD 3. Viral-specific CTL activity was determined on PBD 11. Results: Both 20% and 40% burn injury impaired viral: specific CTL function. Wound excision on PBDs 0 and 3, but not on PBD 7, partially restored CTL function. Total excision of the 30% burn improved CTL activity to a greater extent than did partial excision. Conclusion: Burn injury inhibits viral-specific CTL activity. Early, complete wound excision augments CTL function. Improved CTL activity after burn may reduce the risk of infection, providing an immunologic rationale for expeditious wound excision.
Examining Why: Our Work with Teacher and Schools.

In late 2006, the Columbus Museum of Art adopted a new framework that established creativity as the lens for learning and visitor experiences. Prior to this time, the museum focused programming for schools and teachers on the one trip “exposure” field trip, occasional teacher workshops, and lesson plans that promoted historical content and technical art making skills. This article explores how CMA's commitment to creativity transformed school programs with the involvement of students and teachers, and identifies strategies for how creativity was employed.
Multiple myeloma: Updates for pharmacists in the treatment of relapsed and refractory disease.

There have been a number of recent advances in the treatment of patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. However, despite additional FDA-approved therapies including carfilzomib and pomalidomide as well as clinical trials investigating new combinations of existing treatments, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. New therapies currently in the drug development pipeline for relapsed and refractory disease include additional proteasome inhibitors (oprozomib, marizomib, ixazomib), histone deacetylase inhibitors (panobinostat, ricolinostat, quisinostat), monoclonal antibodies (daratumumab, elotuzumab, SAR650984), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ibrutinib), a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, and others. This review will focus on these newly developing therapies as well as the ever expanding role of the pharmacist in supportive care for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.
Inter-threshold resource planning for public higher educational systems

Abstract Efforts to design comprehensive systems of long-range resource planning for public colleges and universities in the United States are frustrated in the sense that most states follow a social demand approach to educational planning. Literally thousands of decision makers—including students, parents, formal administrators and faculty members-affect the overall behavior of the system. Nevertheless, more and more states are creating centralized higher educational coordinating agencies to conduct long-range planning and to recommend policies for the future development of the higher educational system. This paper describes research which has attempted to link together three decision thresholds in the resource planning process. These are (a) academic departments or colleges which are combined into (b) a total college or university, which is one part of (c) a state system of higher education containing several colleges and universities.
Complainants' Views about Civilian Review of the Police: A Study of the Philippines

In search of effective control of the police, several countries have created civilian review boards. The Philippines recently adopted such an approach by establishing the People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB). The board is envisioned to enable citizens to participate in the process of police control. This study examines the perceptions of complainants about the board in a metropolitan area in the Philippines. Using surveys, the study aims to determine the integrity, legitimacy, and efficiency of the board as well as the satisfaction of complainants with the review board. The findings suggest that complainants were highly satisfied with the People’s Law Enforcement Board. Complainants also showed great concern for the legitimacy of the board and the timely resolutions of their cases. In addition, the study confirms previous studies’ findings on the predominant influence of case outcomes on complainants’ satisfaction.