cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solvation dynamics in viscous polymer solution: Propylene carbonate confined by poly(methylmethacrylate)

Solvation dynamics of a triplet state probe is used to explore the dynamics of supercooled propylene carbonate (PC) when modified by the presence of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in viscous polymer solution. In the PMMA weight fraction range 0 to 0.32, the relaxation time for dipolar solvation increases by a factor of approximately 1500, if evaluated at a constant temperature. This is equivalent to a shift of the PC glass-transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{g}}$ by $+6.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ as a result of geometrical restriction by the presence of $32\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{wt}.\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ PMMA. In terms of the estimated average PC-PMMA distance, the relaxation time approaches the bulk value much more rapidly compared with size effects of confinement in porous glasses or microemulsion droplets. The interpretation of this feature is that a reduced PMMA concentration not only increases the average PC-PMMA distance, but also changes from a solid to a more open topology of the confining material. Accordingly, the slowest dynamics in these mixtures are not found near a single polymer chain, but only in the more concentrated polymer environments where a larger fraction of the cooperative volume is immobilized by macromolecules.
Reply to Blümel's comment on 'Quantum chaos in elementary quantum mechanics'

We provide a short response to Blumel's comment on our paper (Dabaghian and Jensen 2005 Eur. J. Phys. 26 423), concerning the periodic orbit summation techniques in the tunnelling regime.
Mutual gravitational potential and torque of solid bodies via inertia integrals

The mutual gravitational potential and the mutual gravitational torque of two bodies of arbitrary shape are expanded to the fourth order. The derivations are based on Cartesian coordinates, inertia integrals with relation to the principal reference frames of each body, and the relative rotation matrix. The current formulation is convenient to utilize in high precision problems in rotational dynamics.
Vector incrimination studies and observations on species A and B of the taxon Anopheles culicifacies in Pakistan

Studies on anopheline mosquitoes in selected villages of Punjab Province, Pakistan have incriminated Anopheles culicifacies species A as the primary malaria vector. Although An. stephensi and An. subpictus showed higher immediate gut infection rates, estimations of relative abundance, age structure and survivorship, and observations of late gut and salivary gland infection rates suggested that neither species was a major vector in these villages. A survey of An. culicifacies populations detected the presence of both species A and B in several localities in Pakistan. Laboratory investigations demonstrated that both species are capable of supporting the extrinsic cycle of Plasmodium vivax. No recombination was observed between X-linked loci in species A/species B hybrid females; however, recombination was observed between loci in chromosome 2. Allelic tests between the X-linked white eye locus in species A and an X-linked white eye mutant in species B showed that the two loci are not allelic.
Butanol Production by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 in an Immobilized Cell Biofilm Reactor

Acetone butanol ethanol was produced in a continuous immobilized cell (biofilm) plug-flow reactor inoculated with Clostridium beijerinckii BA101. To achieve high reactor productivity, C. beijerinckii BA101 cells were immobilized by adsorption onto clay brick. The continuous plug-flow reactor offers high productivities owing to reduced butanol inhibition and increased cell concentration. Although high productivity was achieved, it was at the expense of low sugar utilization (30.3%). To increase sugar utilization, the reactor effluent was recycled. However, this approach is complicated by butanol toxicity. The effluent was recycled after removal of butanol by pervaporation to reduce butanol toxicity in the reactor. Recycling of butanolfree effluent resulted in a sugar utilization of 100.7% in addition to high productivity of 10.2g/(L·h) at a dilution rate of 1.5 h−1. A dilution rate of 2.0h−1 resulted in a reactor productivity of 16.2g/(L·h) and sugar utilization of 101.4%. It is anticipated that this reactor-recovery system would be economical for butanol production when using C. beijerinckii BA101.
Development of tonotopic representation in the Mongolian gerbil: a 2-deoxyglucose study

The spatial representation of frequency in the central auditory system of the neonatal gerbil was mapped with the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique. At 14 days after birth (DAB), pure tone stimulation produced recognizable patterns of 2-DG uptake. However, at this age, tone-induced areas of increased 2-DG uptake occurred at locations which in the adult respond to higher frequencies. The degree of shift in tonotopic representation was approximately two octaves. The normal adult tonotopic organization of auditory nuclei was achieved by 18 DAB, consistent with the rapid development of auditory function in the gerbil. The results suggest that the spatial distribution of frequency in the cochlea of neonatal animals is different from that in adults. Stimulus-evoked 2-DG uptake occurred first in brainstem auditory nuclei, and was observed in midbrain and forebrain auditory structures only at later ages. This is consistent with a sequential development of function in the central auditory pathway.
Wildervanck syndrome--the external appearance and radiologic findings.

Summary Wildervanck syndrome is a combination of congenital anomalies characterized by deafness, Klippel-Feil deformity, and an unusual ocular motility disturbance called Duane retraction syndrome. This syndrome is seen infrequently in the general population and may not be recognized since the external appearance of the ears may be normal, and the unusual form of strabismus may not be obvious to the non-ophthalmologist. Patients with the full extent of this triad have a unique appearance. CT examination in these patients delineates the cervical anomalies as well as the inner ear deformity.
Impact on Freshmen Retention of Orientation Course Content: Proposed Persistence Model

This study examined the effectiveness of different topics/activities included in a freshman orientation course in enhancing the students' perception of their successful adjustment to college life a...
Synthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone

Abstract All four possible C-23 and C-25 stereoisomers of the title compound have been synthesized. One of these isomers is identical to the natural product.
Selective ion–molecule reactions of ether reagent ions with nucleoside antibiotics in a quadrupole ion trap

The analysis of a targeted group of nucleoside antibiotics has been accomplished through the use of selective ion-molecule reactions and collision-activated dissociation (CAD) techniques in a quadrupole ion trap. A series of homologous ether reagent ions generated from dimethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether and 2-methoxyethanol were used as chemical ionization reagents. Because chemical ionization with dimethyl ether and di-n-butyl ether reagent ions did not provide selectivity and signal enhancement for the analysis of these biopharmaceuticals, a chemical ionization reagent with special hydrogen-bonding capabilities was used. The reagent ion that showed the greatest promise is a product of 2-methoxyethanol, CH3OCH2CH2OCH2+. This highly reactive species, which reacts selectively with nitrogen-containing compounds, can undergo both nucleophilic attack and anchoring via hydrogen bond formation between the methoxy oxygen and an acidic hydrogen of the nucleoside substrate. The reaction of the CH3OCH2CH2OCH2+ ion with each of the nucleoside antibiotics resulted in formation of [M + 13]+ and [M + 89]+ products. The CAD spectra indicated that the adducts are covalently bound species and that the nucleotide moiety dominates both the reactive and dissociative behavior of the nucleoside antibiotics.
Development of SCAR and CAPS Markers Linked to the Beta Gene in Tomato

Two previously identified random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, OPAR18 1100 and UBC792 830 , linked to the Beta (B) locus in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were cloned and sequenced. Their end sequences were used to design allele specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer pairs, SCAR18f/r and SCBC792f/r. Each of these primer pairs amplified a single product of the same size as their respective progenitor RAPD markers, but did not differentiate the two parental genotypes under a variety of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. Sequence analysis of cloned RAPD and SCAR products revealed an Rsal site mutation in the allele of the high beta-carotene parent in the SCAR18f/r amplified DNA product which was used to develop the codominant SCAR18 1067 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker. Similarly, a Hinfl site mutation in the allele of the high beta-carotene parent in SCBC792f/r amplified DNA product was used to develop the codominant SCBC792 779 CAPS marker. Sequences from SCBC792f/r amplified DNA products revealed additional single nucleotide polymorphisms between the two parental genotypes. Three such polymorphisms were used to design the nested primer SCBC792fl located 97 bp internal to the SCBC792f sequence. The SCBC792f1/r primer pair amplified the dominant SCB792 682 SCAR marker present only in the high beta-carotene parent. Linkage of the CAPS and SCAR markers to B was confirmed by means of a population of 144 F 2 individuals segregating for B. Using introgression line analysis, we mapped the two CAPS and the SCAR markers to the long arm of chromosome 6, consistent with the location of B on the classical linkage map of tomato.
Thermoregulatory behavior of the pink shrimp Penaeus duorarom Burkenroad

Twelve juvenile pink shrimp.Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad, were tested individually for 3-day periods in electronic shuttle-boxes (Ichthyotrons) to determine their thermoregulatory capabilities (temperature preference and avoidance behavior). The shrimp thermoregulated more precisely at night, which was their active period (they were more than twice as active at night as they were by day). Their nocturnal mean thermal preferendum was 29.9 ± 0.2°C (mode 31°C, median 30°C, midpoint 29°C, range of voluntarily occupied temperatures 22–36°C, skewness −0.37). By day they were less active and exhibited much less thermoregulatory precision, spanning a 17–38°C range of voluntarily occupied temperatures out of a potentially available range of 0–50°C (diurnal mean 30.6 ± 0.3°C, mode 34°C, median 32°C, midpoint 27.5°C, skewness −0.76). The range of occupied temperatures was half again as great (21°C) by day as at night (14°C). The 24-hr mean (combined day and night) was 30.3 ±0.2°C (mode 31°C, median 30°C, midpoint 27.5°C, range 17–38°C, skewness −0.18).
10 Be in island-arc volcanoes and implications for subduction

We have measured the concentration of the cosmogenic isotope 10Be in the lava of 19 separate flows, 15 of which are from island-arc volcanoes. We report here that 13 of the island-arc samples show concentrations between 2.7 and 6.9 × l06 atoms per g. Three non-island-arc and two island-arc samples have concentrations of 0.3 × 106 atoms per g or less, values only slightly higher than the processing blanks. Both island-arc samples having low concentrations are from rear rank volcanoes. The results of the low concentration samples indicate that the production of 10Be by natural radioactivity or surface contamination is probably not important, although one sample of a Columbia Plateau flood basalt has a concentration of 1.0 × 106 atoms per g. We suggest that the higher concentrations in the island-arc samples result from the ejection of material that was once on the ocean floor, where a thin but concentrated layer of 10Be resides, and that it was carried down with the subducted lithospheric plate.
Increased nucleoside triphosphatase activity of rat liver nuclear matrix following low dose carcinogen intoxication

Abstract Rats were treated with low doses of hepatocarcinogens and nuclear matrix was isolated 48 hours later. These treatments, which were associated with notable nuclear enlargement, produced a decrease in the proportion of large molecular weight nuclear matrix polypeptides in all of the treated preparations, in the absence of toxic sequelae. We also found that the control matrix preparations possessed a considerable Mg-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase; the specific activity was 1.77 μmol γ-Pi released per hour per mg protein, and the Michaelis constant was 0.5 mM ATP. The matrix activity hydrolyzed ATP, UTP, and TTP, but differed from the nuclear envelope enzyme in that it did not hydrolyze GTP, CTP, dATP, or ADP, and it lacked myokinase-like activity. Large increases in nuclear matrix nucleoside triphosphatase occurred following all of the carcinogen treatments. The increased activity may relate to nuclear envelope alterations and derangements in RNA transport associated with carcinogenesis.
A clinical and economic evaluation of enteral nutrition

AbstractMotivation:The American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) guidelines advise use of enteral nutrition (EN) for critically ill hospital patients requiring nutritional support, but no studies have comprehensively estimated economic benefits from adherence to this recommendation.Methods:We systematically reviewed studies comparing EN to alternative nutritional support therapies among adult, critically ill patients. We reviewed 1200 abstracts, selected 243 for further review, and included 48 studies in our analysis. Most retained studies compared EN and parenteral nutrition (PN). Using meta-analysis, we estimated the absolute impact of EN on adverse event risk and its impact on treatment duration and length of stay. These estimates were converted to population economic impacts by assuming 10% of PN patients are suitable candidates for EN.Results:Compared to PN, EN reduces the risk of major, potentially life-threatening infections (RR = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44 to 0.77),...
Cf. Condylura (Mammalia: Talpidae) from the late Tertiary of Oregon

ABSTRACT A fossil humerus from Malheur County, Oregon, of probable Pliocene or late Miocene (Hemphillian) age, is tentatively referred to the genus Condylura. This specimen provides the first Tertiary and western record of a condylurine mole in North America.
Effect of hypoxia on prostacyclin production in cultured pulmonary artery endothelium.

Exposure of cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells to varying levels of hypoxia (10% or 0% O2) for 4 hours resulted in a significant dose-dependent inhibition in endothelial prostacyclin synthesis (51% and 98%, at the 10% and 0% O2 levels respectively, p <0.05, compared to 21% O2 exposure values). Release of 3H-arachidonic acid from cellular pools was not altered by hypoxia. Some of the cells were incubated with arachidonic acid (20 μM for 5 min) or PGH2 (4 μM for 2 min) immediately after exposure. Endothelium exposed to 0% O2, but not to 10% O2, produced significantly less prostacyclin after addition of either arachidonic acid (25 ± 5% of 21% O2 exposure values, n=6, p <0.01) or PGH2 (31 ± 3% of 21% O2 exposure values, n=6, p <0.05). These results suggest that hypoxia inhibits cyclooxygenase at the 10% O2 level and both cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase enzymes at the 0% O2 exposure levels. Exposure of aortic endothelial cells resulted in a 44% inhibition of prostacyclin at the 0% exposure level. No significant alteration in prostacyclin production was found in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to hypoxia. These data suggest that the increased prostacyclin production reported in lungs exposed to hypoxia is not due to a direct effect of hypoxia on the main prostacyclin producing cells of the pulmonary circulation.
Security in the wild: user strategies for managing security as an everyday, practical problem

Ubiquitous and mobile technologies create new challenges for system security. Effective security solutions depend not only on the mathematical and technical properties of those solutions, but also on people’s ability to understand them and use them as part of their work. As a step towards solving this problem, we have been examining how people experience security as a facet of their daily life, and how they routinely answer the question, “is this system secure enough for what I want to do?” We present a number of findings concerning the scope of security, attitudes towards security, and the social and organizational contexts within which security concerns arise, and point towards emerging technical solutions.
THE DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL RATIONS FOR PIGS FED SEPARATED MILK AND GRAIN

This paper demonstrates a procedure for determining economically optimal rations which avoids problems that arise in conventional analysis of experimental results. It consists of maximising a suitably constrained profit per unit time objective function, itself formed from functions obtained from pig fattening experiments under special Australian conditions. The relevant functions-for consumption of milk and wheat, time to slaughter and percentage lean meatare first demonstrated, followed by a brief discussion of results obtained. Specifcally, it is noted that optimal diets differ according to whether the criterion adopted is profit per pig or profit per pig per week, that dairy farmers fattening pigs should feed substantial quantities of grain, and that the optimal diets are very stable to changing prices. More generally, the procedure avoids the statistical difficulties of conventional analysis of experiments arising from the estimation of weight-gain functions based on actual quantities of food consumed.
Extra Credit ≠ Extra Learning

In this article the author examines the concept of extra credit from philosophical and practical perspectives. Logical arguments are presented leading to the conclusion that, although faculty may be motivated to do so by splendid intentions and hopes, offering extra credit opportunities to students has negative, unintended consequences. Alternative means of achieving the goals faculty hope to achieve through extra credit are described.
Effects of inhibitors on the thermal polymerization of β-pinene

Kennedy and Chou have recently reported the thermal polymerization of ..beta..-pinene, their method of preparation consisting of heating the monomer in a sealed glass vial for a week at 160/sup 0/C. They reported the formation of a crystalline polymer. All attempts to increase the rate of polymerization or the conversion by adding various chemicals such as cumene peroxide, aluminum trichloride, distilled water, and bis(triphenylphosphine) rhodium carbonyl chloride, were unsuccessful. They also were unable to reach any conclusion as to the mechanism of the polymerization. This paper reports the effect of other additives on the thermal polymerization of ..beta..-pinene carried out under similar conditions to those used by the previous workers, and sheds light on the mechanism.
Clinical profile of patients with epileptic and nonepileptic seizures

Epileptic seizures (ES) and nonepileptic seizures (NES) often coexist in patients with treatment-refractory seizures. There are few data on ictal features of these different seizure types in the same patient. We identified 20 patients with ES from a group of 99 NES patients (ES/NES) and compared this group with patients with only ES or NES. All 20 ES/NES patients developed NES after ES. Clinical features of NES clearly differed from ES in 18 of 20 cases. In patients with ES/NES their ES were similar to seizures in patients with only ES, and their NES were similar to spells in patients with only NES. ES/NES patients were similar to ES patients in electrodiagnostic and neuroimaging studies, and similar to NES patients in psychiatric interviews and inventories. The clinical manifestations of ES and NES in the same patient are usually different. Both types of events may be stereotypic and can be distinguished and characterized during video-EEG recording. Determining what events are more prevalent or disturbing is critical. Psychiatric and antiepileptic drug treatment may be provided accordingly.
SUNDROP: six years of screening for retinopathy of prematurity with telemedicine

Abstract Objective To report the 6-year results of the Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (SUNDROP) initiative in the context of telemedicine screening initiatives for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Design A retrospective analysis. Participants Premature newborns requiring ROP screening at 6 neonatal intensive care units from December 1, 2005, to November 30, 2011. Methods Infants were evaluated via remote retinal photography by an ROP specialist. A total of 608 preterm infants meeting ROP examination criteria were screened with the RetCam II/III (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, Calif.). Primary outcomes were treatment-warranted ROP (TW-ROP) and adverse anatomical events. Results During the 6 years, 1216 total eyes were screened during 2169 examinations, generating 26 970 retinal images, an average of 3.56 examinations and 44.28 images per patient. Twenty-two (3.6%) of the infants screened met criteria for TW-ROP. Compared with bedside binocular ophthalmoscopy, remote interpretation of RetCam II/III images had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.8%, positive predicative value of 95.5%, and negative predicative value of 100% for the detection of TW-ROP. No adverse anatomical outcomes were observed for any enrolled patient. Conclusions The 6-year results for the SUNDROP telemedicine initiative were highly favourable with respect to diagnostic accuracy. Telemedicine appears to be a safe, reliable, and cost-effective complement to the efforts of ROP specialists, capable of increasing patient access to screening and focusing the resources of the current ophthalmic community on infants with potentially vision-threatening disease.
On the value of a well chosen bit to the seller in an auction

A central fact in the theory of optimal auction design is that the seller of a single object in an auction with n bidders, having independent, random valuations, typically cannot extract the full maximum value of the object from the buyers. We show that if the seller has access to a single bit of information, even if noisy, then the seller can extract full value. The work is meant to explore the use of information measures in mechanism design problems
Structure of personality disorders from the perspective of the Revised Neo Personality Inventory domain scales and the Psychopathology-5 Scales.

Summary.-This study tested the and comprehensiveness of the fivefactor model of personahty as applied to the Personality Adjective Checklist's (Strack, 1987) personality disorder scales. A sample of 258 undergraduates (113 men and 145 women) completed the Personality Adjective ChecUst, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and the Psychopathology-5 Scales for partial course credit. A combined principal axis analysis with varimax rotation was performed for nonoverlapping scales of the Personality Adjective Checklist, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory domain scales and the Psychopathology-5 scales. The results indicated four factors which were identified as Neuroticism, Extraversion, Disagreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Openness did not emerge as a separate factor. These results supported the comprehensiveness but not the generality of the five-factor model as applied to personality disorders. The last decade has witnessed a great deal of research interest in the structure of personahty disorders from the perspective of the five-factor model of personahty which consists of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness as the five major factors. For example, Wiggins and Pincus (1989) conducted a principal components analysis for the personality disorder scales from the Personahty Adjective Checbst (Strack, 1987) and the MMPI Personahty-Disorder Scales (Morey, Waugh, & Blashfield, 1985) along with the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985) domain scales and the Revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales (Trapnell & Wiggins, 1990). The five factors were interpreted as the five major personality factors. In another study, Schroeder, Wormworth, and Livesley (1992) performed a factor analysis for the personality disorder scales from the Dimensional Attribution of Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (Livesley, Jackson, & Schroeder, 1989) and the NEO Personahty Inventory scales and concluded that personahty pathology can be reasonably we1 explained in terms of four major factors, namely, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, and that Openness did not emerge as a separate factor. Finally, Clark, Vohries, and McEwen (1994) performed a combined factor analysis for the personality disorder scales from the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (Clark, 1993) along with the
Update: Shortness of Breath

Difficulty in breathing (also known as shortness of breath, breathlessness, or dyspnea) is caused by various mechanisms related to different problems in the body. In one’s lifetime, one may experience rare episodes of shortness of breath as part of high levels of activity such as exhaustive exertion or during environmental conditions such as high altitude or very warm or cold temperatures. Other than these extreme conditions, shortness of breath is commonly a sign of a medical problem. If the shortness of breath is prolonged and persistent, it is likely to be related to a medical condition. If it is sudden and severe in intensity or even of short duration, however, it may warrant medical evaluation. Other clues of the existence of a medical problem are given in Table 1. View this table: Table 1. Possible Medical Reasons for Shortness of Breath Symptom of shortness of breath can be caused by a variety of abnormalities in different organ systems in the body (Figure). Figure. Drawing of organs that may be involved in development of shortness of breath, including the central nervous system, airway, lungs, chest, and heart. ### Lung Problems
Pancreatic cancer serum detection using a lectin/glyco-antibody array method.

Pancreatic cancer is a formidable disease and early detection biomarkers are needed to make inroads into improving the outcomes in these patients. In this work, lectin antibody microarrays were utilized to detect unique glycosylation patterns of proteins from serum. Antibodies to four potential glycoprotein markers that were found in previous studies were printed on nitrocellulose coated glass slides and these microarrays were hybridized against patient serum to extract the target glycoproteins. Lectins were then used to detect different glycan structural units on the captured glycoproteins in a sandwich assay format. The biotinylated lectins used to assess differential glycosylation patterns were Aleuria aurentia lectin (AAL), Sambucus nigra bark lectin (SNA), Maackia amurensis lectin II (MAL), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), and Concanavalin A (ConA). Captured glycoproteins were evaluated on the microarray in situ by on-plate digestion and direct analysis using MALDI QIT-TOF mass spectroscopy. Analysis...
Inactivation of lipid glyceryl ester metabolism in human THP1 monocytes/macrophages by activated organophosphorus insecticides: role of carboxylesterases 1 and 2.

Carboxylesterases (CES) have important roles in pesticide and drug metabolism and contribute to the clearance of ester-containing xenobiotics in mammals. Tissues with the highest levels of CES expr...
Characterization of membrane-bound collagen galactosyltransferase of human blood platelets.

Abstract Collagen galactosyltransferase, the other enzyme implicated in the incorporation of monosaccharide precursors into the heterosaccharide chains of collagen, has been localized in platelet plasma membranes isolated by the glycerol-lysis technique. The enzyme has pH optimum (7.5) and metal requirement (15 mM Mn2+) similar to that shown for the same enzyme from other sources but is probably not involved in platelet:colagen adhesion on the basis of the differences in inhibitor effects with aspirin, glucosamine and sulfhydryl blocking reagents and the absence of this activity in the outer surface of intact platelets. The collagen-dependent activity is about 6 times greater than the endogeneous activity in the absence of collagen although the enzyme has a relatively wide range of acceptor specificity. Unlike the collagen glucosyltransferase of platelet membranes no lipid-sugar intermediate is apparently involved.
CIM networking: promise and problems

Abstract Much of the literature about Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) mentions the networking of dissimilar or heterogeneous systems as a major issue or problem. In order to focus on the issues surrounding the networking requirements of CIM, an extensive review of relevant literature was undertaken. It should be noted that there is relatively little in the literature that specifically addresses the CIM networking topic. The issues and problems identified from the review of the literature were also examined by interviewing managers in locations were CIM had been extensively implemented.
Age at Onset, Survival Duration, and Cognitive Performance in Probable Alzheimer's Disease

The relative importance of age at onset, survival duration past testing, symptom duration, and education as predictors of cognitive performance was assessed in 50 patients with moderately severe dementia of the Alzheimer type. Survival past testing and duration of symptoms prior to assessment emerged as the strongest predictors of cognitive performance, and education effects were noted for several verbal tests. A robust association emerged between cognitive impairment and nearness to death. This association, first noted in studies of "normal" aging, requires further exploration. Age-at-onset effects, with poorer performance in early-onset disease, were observed only for a few measures.
Stress-induced oligomerization and chromosomal relocalization of heat-shock factor.

The induction of heat-shock transcription factor (HSF) binding to DNA is accomplished by a heat-induced oligomerization. The transition to the induced state is accompanied by a chromosomal redistribution of HSF to the heat-shock puff sites. Over 150 additional chromosomal sites also accumulate HSF, including developmental loci that are repressed during heat shock. These findings suggest an unforeseen role for HSF as a represser of normal gene activity during heat stress.
Mandibular morphology and diet in the genus Cebus

The influence of hard-object feeding on the size and shape of the mandibular corpus was investigated through a comparative biomechanical analysis of the jaws of adult femaleCebus apella andCebus capucinus. Computed tomography (CT) was used to discern the amount and distribution of cortical bone at M2 and symphyseal cross sections. From these data, the biomechanical properties of the mandibular corpus were determined to assess the structural rigidity of the jaw with respect to the bending, torsional, and shear stresses that occur during mastication and incision. The mandibles ofC. apella are demonstrably more robust than those ofC. capucinus in terms of biomechanical rigidity; differences in corporeal size rather than shape largely account for the enhanced robusticity in the sample ofC. apella. The differences that separate the two taxa probably represent a structural response to the mechanical demands of durophagy inC. apella. These observations suggest that specialization on a diet of hard objects may be expected to result in an overall hypertrophy of bony contours throughout the mandibular corpus.
Ptychodactis aleutiensis, a new species of ptychodactiarian sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

We describe a new species of ptychodactiarian sea anemone, Ptychodactis aleutiensis, and redefine the family Ptychodactiidae and the previously monotypic genus Ptychodactis to accommodate P. aleutiensis sp. nov. Individuals of the new species were photographed and collected at depths of less than 20 m off the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Many were found detached, adrift in the water. The species differs from the only other member in its genus, Ptychodactis patula, in having more tentacles, tentacles only at the margin, frilled structures associated with only two siphonoglyphs, infertile primary mesenteries, oral stomata, holotrichous nematocysts of two size classes in the tentacles, actinopharynx, and mesenterial filaments, and by the morphology of the holotrichs and spirocysts. It is the fourth species of ptychodactiarian described; Ptychodactis is the only genus of suborder Ptychodacteae with more than one species.
RECOGNITION OF CHILDREN'S FACES. II.

Analysis of correct recognition of photographs by kindergarten, third-grade, and sixth- to eighth-grade children suggests, contrary to earlier conclusions, that third-grade Ss recognize photographs...
Determination of GL(3) cusp forms by central values of GL(3)×GL(2) L-functions, level aspect

Abstract Let f be a self-dual Hecke–Maass cusp form for GL ( 3 ) . We show that f is uniquely determined by central values of GL ( 2 ) twists of its L-function. More precisely, if g is another self-dual GL ( 3 ) Hecke–Maass cusp form such that L ( 1 2 , f × h ) = L ( 1 2 , g × h ) for all h ∈ S 10 ⁎ ( q ) , for infinitely many primes q, then f = g .
Journalists as Crowdsourcerers: Responding to Crisis by Reporting with a Crowd

Widespread adoption of new information communication technologies (ICTs) is disrupting traditional models of news production and distribution. In this rapidly changing media landscape, the role of the journalist is evolving. Our research examines how professional journalists within a rural community impacted by Hurricane Irene successfully negotiated a new role for themselves, transforming their journalistic practice to serve in a new capacity as leaders of an online volunteer community. We describe an emergent organization of media professionals, citizen journalists, online volunteers, and collaborating journalistic institutions that provided real-time event coverage. In this rural context, where communications infrastructure is relatively uneven, this ad hoc effort bridged gaps in ICT infrastructure to unite its audience. In this paper, we introduce a new perspective for characterizing these information-sharing activities: the "human powered mesh network" extends the concept of a mesh network to include human actors in the movement of information. Our analysis shows how journalists played a key role in this network, and facilitated the movement of information to those who needed it. These findings also note a contrast between how HCI researchers are designing crowdsourcing platforms for news production and how crowdsourcing efforts are forming during disaster events, suggesting an alternative approach to designing for emergent collaborations in this context.
Properties and spectroscopic performance of semiconductor detectors under high-flux irradiation

In recent years, operation of wide band-gap semiconductor detectors under high-flux irradiation in medical and security applications has called the attention of the scientific commnity. However, under high-flux irradiation, these detectors are limited by poor hole transport properties and other factors. In our studies, the build up of space charge as a function of time has been systematically investigated through direct comparison between experiments and charge transport simulations. In order to benchmark and calibrate our simulations, charge transport properties of CdZnTe detectors used in high-flux experiments were measured. Our results show that the polarization effect, caused by the build up of positive space charge as a function of time, initially distorts and eventually causes complete breakdown of the operating electric field.
Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect size and Related Estimators:

Glass's estimator of effect size, the sample mean difference divided by the sample standard deviation, is studied in the context of an explicit statistical model. The exact distribution of Glass's estimator is obtained and the estimator is shown to have a small sample bias. The minimum variance unbiased estimator is obtained and shown to have uniformly smaller variance than Glass's (biased) estimator. Measurement error is shown to attenuate estimates of effect size and a correction is given. The effects of measurement invalidity are discussed. Expressions for weights that yield the most precise weighted estimate of effect size are also derived.
Compressive failure of composites using a matrix-controlled failure criterion with the kink band mechanism

Concerning the compressive strength of fiber composites, the kink band mechanism is combined with a recently derived stress-based, matrix-controlled failure criterion. Resulting predictions are given for the load level and kink band inclination angle at kink formation. The results are in accordance with other widely different approaches, providing some corroboration for this new failure criterion.
A design of a PET detector using micro-channel plate photomultipliers with transmission-line readout

A computer simulation study has been conducted to investigate the feasibility of a positron emission tomography (PET) detector design by using micro-channel plate (MCP) photomultiplier tubes (PMT) with transmission-line (TL) read-out and waveform sampling. The detector unit consisted of a 24×24 array of pixelated LSO crystals, each of which was 4×4×25 mm(3) in size, and two 102×102 mm(2) MCP-PMTs coupled to both sides of the scintillator array. The crystal (and TL) pitch was 4.25 mm and reflective medium was inserted between the crystals. The transport of the optical photons inside the scintillator were simulated by using the Geant4 package. The output pulses of the MCP-PMT/TL unit were formed by applying the measured single photo-electron response of the MCP-PMT/TL unit to each individual photon that interacts with the photo-cathode of the MCP-PMT. The waveforms of the pulses at both ends of the TL strips were measured and analyzed to produce energy and timing information for the detected event. An experimental setup was developed by employing a Photonis Planacon MCP-PMT (XP85022) and a prototype TL board for measuring the single photo-electron response of the MCP-PMT/TL. The simulation was validated by comparing the predicted output pulses to measurements obtained with a single MCP-PMT/TL coupled to an LSO crystal exposed to 511 keV gamma rays. The validated simulation was then used to investigate the performance of the proposed new detector design. Our simulation result indicates an energy resolution of ~11% at 511 keV. When using a 400-600 keV energy window, we obtain a coincidence timing resolution of ~323 ps FWHM and a coincidence detection efficiency of ~40% for normally-incident 511keV photons. For the positioning accuracy, it is determined by the pitch of the TLs (and crystals) in the direction normal to the TLs and measured to be ~2.5 mm in the direction parallel to the TLs. The energy and timing obtained at the front- and back-end of the scintillator array also show differences that are correlated with the depth of interaction of the event.
Improving Outcomes from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Young Children and Adolescents

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an unusual but devastating occurrence in a young person. Years of life-lost are substantial and long-term health care costs of survivors can be high. However, there have been noteworthy improvements in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) standards, out-of hospital care, and postcardiac arrest therapies that have resulted in a several-fold improvement in resuscitation outcomes. Recent interest and research in resuscitation of children has the promise of generating improvements in the outcomes of these patients. Integrated and coordinated care in the out-of-hospital and hospital settings are required. This article will review the epidemiology of OHCA, the 2010 CPR guidelines, and developments in public access defibrillation for children.
Time-resolved diagnostics of single wall carbon nanotube synthesis by laser vaporization

Abstract Three questions important to nanosecond laser ablation synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been addressed using in situ spectroscopic diagnostics: determining the temperature of the nanoparticles within the propagating plume at different times after ablation, monitoring the aggregation of the nanoparticles in the plume, and measuring the growth rates of the SWNTs. Short SWNTs were synthesized using nanosecond Nd:YAG-laser ablation of a C–Ni–Co target inside a high-temperature laser vaporization reactor by controlling and restricting the growth times. The time spent by the plume inside the oven was varied by positioning the target at various locations and imaging the plume using Rayleigh scattered light induced by a 308 nm XeCl laser. Statistical analysis of the short SWNT length distribution was performed using TEM images. The upper and lower limits of the growth rates of SWNTs were estimated as 0.6 and 5.1 μm/s. The particle temperature within the propagating plume was measured at different times after ablation through time-resolved measurements of the plume’s blackbody emission. The onset of SWNT growth was estimated based on the time when the particle temperature drops below the eutectic temperature for C/Co, C/Ni. For the first time, absorption spectroscopy was employed to study the aggregation of carbon nanoparticles in the propagating plume. It was shown that the aggregation rate increases rapidly at lower oven temperatures. A general picture of SWNT growth by laser ablation based on imaging, spectroscopy, and pyrometry of ejected material at different times after ablation is discussed.
Thermoelectric Properties of (Na1−yMy)1.4Co2O4 (M = Sr, Li)

Oxide thermoelectric materials (Na1−y M y )1.4Co2O4 (M = Sr, Li; y = 0 to 0.4) were prepared by a sol–gel method. The influence of doping on the thermoelectric properties was investigated, and the phase composition was characterized by x-ray diffraction. Experimental results showed that the main crystalline phase of the undoped and Sr/Li-doped samples was γ-Na1.4Co2O4. The thermoelectric properties of Na1.4Co2O4 can be improved slightly by doping with Sr. Doping with Li improves the thermoelectric properties of Na1.4Co2O4. For a doping fraction of y = 0.1, the electrical conductivity of (Na1−y Li y )1.4Co2O4 at 288 K achieves its maximum value of 301.19 (Ω mm)−1. The Seebeck coefficient and power factor of (Na1−y Li y )1.4Co2O4 at 288 K achieve their maximum values of 172.28 μV K−1 and 7.44 mW m−1 K−2 at a doping fraction of y = 0.4.
Abstract 4940: Perivascular macrophages induce localized, transient blood vessel permeability and tumor cell intravasation

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Metastasis is a multistep process involving tumor and stromal cells. The microanatomical site consisting of a perivascular macrophage interacting with a Mena over-expressing tumor cell has been named the “tumor microenvironment of metastasis” (TMEM). TMEM density predicts distant metastatic recurrence in breast cancer patients making the study of TMEM function essential. In spontaneous orthotopic mouse mammary tumors (MMTV-PyMT), as the tumor progresses to malignancy tumor cells have increased Mena expression and assemble TMEM. TMEM assembly is correlated with elevated levels of circulating tumor cells and lung metastases, indicating a functional role for TMEM in tumor cell dissemination. High-resolution multiphoton-based microscopy at single cell resolution has revealed transient blood vessel permeability events at TMEM, marked by the extravasation of otherwise impermeable serum markers such as Qdots and fluorescent 155 kDa dextran. In proximity to sites of permeability there is increased tumor cell and macrophage motility towards the blood vessel, and local intravasation of tumor cells. Blocking macrophage function results in decreased blood vessel permeability and decreased numbers of circulating tumor cells. TMEM-associated macrophages produce VEGF-A, and blocking VEGF-A reduces blood vessel permeability and circulating tumor cells. The observation that TMEM mediates tumor cell intravasation through localized blood vessel permeability in live animals demonstrates that TMEM is a key metastatic microenvironment in the primary tumor, explains the prognostic value of TMEM density in predicting distant metastatic recurrence in breast cancer patients and suggests a potentially valuable re-tasking of existing anti-angiogenesis drugs. This research is supported by the Department of Defense [Breast Cancer Research Program)] under award number BC120227 (ASH). Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Allison S. Harney, Esther N. Arwert, David Entenberg, Yarong Wang, Joan G. Jones, John S. Condeelis. Perivascular macrophages induce localized, transient blood vessel permeability and tumor cell intravasation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4940. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4940
Protein composition of a defective murine sarcoma virus particle possessing the enveloped type-A morphology.

Abstract The protein composition of a noninfectious murine sarcoma virus (Gazdar MSV) isolated from the HTG2 cell line was characterized. Electron microscopy of thin sections of the infected cells demonstrated that the virus particles were assembled via the budding mechanism at the plasma membrane, and the released virions possessed almost exclusively the enveloped type-A morphology characteristic of the immature form of retroviral particle. The protein composition of the virions was shown by SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing conditions to consist of a nonglycosylated protein of approximately 65,000 daltons, p65. When analyzed under nonreducing conditions this band was resolved into at least two components, and higher molecular weight forms of p65 were observed as well. p65 could be immunoprecipitated with monospecific antisera against the individual “gag” gene-coded MuLV proteins p30, p15, and p12 but not with antisera against the MuLV envelope proteins, reverse transcriptase, or p10, indicating that the MSV p65 is related to but not identical with the Pr65 gag of MuLV. The processed MuLV core proteins were not observed in purified HTG2 virions or in HTG2 cell extracts, indicating that proteolytic cleavage of the precursor is not required for the assembly or release of the MSV particles. Immunoprecipitation of lysed virions and HTG2 cell lysates with antisera to the MuLV envelope proteins gp70 and p15(E) demonstrated that detectable amounts of these and immunologically related components are not present in the virions and are not expressed in the infected cells. This suggests that the envelope proteins are not essential for the assembly and release of budding retroviral particles.
Comparative analysis of workflow and performance characteristics in Cluster and Desktop Grid

To improve the efficiency of computation and to reduce its execution time becomes necessary for any large application which consumes huge processing cycle. For this reason many concepts and programming models are evolved. Out of those concepts concurrent execution of small units of the same application gives better performance. This paper addresses the comparison of efficiency and performance of computing in multiprocessor and multicomputer environment. A set of tasks having various sizes is run in normal programming environment, multiprocessor environment and multicomputer environment in order to analyze the performance. The empirical results illustrate that the performance is optimal in multiprocessor (Cluster) system.