cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of 57Co in Surface Layers of Nickel Oxide and Alumina

Diffusion of 57Co isotope on NiO (110) and AI2O3 (0001) surfaces was investigated by using the edge source method. The surface diffusion parameter αD,Δ, where α is the segregation factor, D, the surface diffusion coefficient, and Δ the thickness of the high-diffusivity layer, was determined for the temperature range 750°–1200°C. For calculation of experimental results, the Whipple solution was used. The Arrhenius plot shows a break at ∽900°C for the surface diffusion of 57Co isotope on AI2O3 (0001) plane. Above this temperature, vapor transport seems to be the overriding diffusion mechanism. Below this temperature, ionic transport predominates. The apparent activation energy for the ionic transport was calculated to be 120 ± 12 kj/mol. Ionic transport predominated in the surface diffusion of 57Co on NiO over the entire investigated temperature range. This can be explained by the weak bond between Co-vapor species and the NiO surface. The results obtained suggest that the surface diffusion of Co2+ ion on NiO at 750°C is ∼7 orders and at 1200°C ∼5 orders of magnitude faster than volume diffusion. Activation energies are 139 and 227 kJ/mol, for surface and volume diffusion, respectively.
Data parallel address architecture

Data parallel memory systems must maintain a large number of outstanding memory references to fully use increasing DRAM bandwidth in the presence of increasing latency. At the same time, the throughput of modern DRAMs is very sensitive to access pattern's due to the time required to precharge and activate banks and to switch between read and write access. To achieve memory reference parallelism a system may simultaneously issue references from multiple reference threads. Alternatively multiple references from a single thread can be issued in parallel. In this paper, we examine this tradeoff and show that allowing only a single thread to access DRAM at any given time significantly improves performance by increasing the locality of the reference stream and hence reducing precharge/activate operations and read/write turnaround. Simulations of scientific and multimedia applications show that generating multiple references from a single thread gives, on average, 17% better performance than generating references from two parallel threads
Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the cortex

Synapses are the fundamental units of neuronal circuits. Synaptic plasticity can occur through changes in synaptic strength, as well as through the addition/removal of synapses. Two-photon microscopy in combination with fluorescence labeling offers a powerful tool to peek into the living brain and follow structural reorganization at individual synapses. Time-lapse imaging depicts a dynamic picture in which experience-dependent plasticity of synaptic structures varies between different cortical regions and layers, as well as between neuronal subtypes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the formation and elimination of synaptic structures happens rapidly in a subpopulation of cortical neurons during various sensorimotor learning experiences, and that stabilized synaptic structures are associated with long lasting memories for the task. Therefore, circuit plasticity, mediated by structural remodeling, provides an underlying mechanism for learning and memory.
MOPED: Method for optimizing physical energy parameters using decoys

We present a method called MOPED for optimizing energetic and structural parameters in computational models, including all-atom energy functions, when native structures and decoys are given. The present method goes beyond previous approaches in treating energy functions that are nonlinear in the parameters and continuous in the degrees of freedom. We illustrate the method by improving solvation parameters in the energy function EEF1, which consists of the CHARMM19 polar hydrogen force field augmented by a Gaussian solvation term. Although the published parameters for EEF1 correctly discriminate the native from decoys in the decoy sets of Levitt et al., they fail on several of the more difficult decoy sets of Baker et al. MOPED successfully finds improved parameters that allow EEF1 to discriminate native from decoy structures on all protein structures that do not have metals or prosthetic groups.
NUEVA ESPECIE DE RANA (ATELOPUS) DE LOS FARALLONES DE CALI, CORDILLERA OCCIDENTAL DE COLOMBIA

Durante la realizacion de colecciones herpetologicas en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca, fue encontrada una especie no descrita de Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) en los farallones de Cali, a 2600 m de altura. Esta es la primera especie en este genero que se encuentra a elevaciones superiores a 2000 m en la Cordillera Occidental. Se conocen varias especies de Atelopus en las Cordilleras Central y Oriental de Colombia y en los Andes ecuatorianos (COCHRAN y GOIN 1970; PETERS 1973; RIVERO 1963) y probablemente futuras colecciones herpetologicas continuaran revelando nuevas especies en las partes altas de la Cordillera Occidental.
Legislating sport: does law aid, abet or hinder national pastimes?

The question of how laws in the USA might have promoted or harmed national pastimes raises a number of intriguing issues. Although many laws affect the day-to-day operations of sports at almost all levels, few laws profoundly impact the popularity of specific sports or leagues. Of the ones that might have affected the status of sport, laws regarding criminalisation, antitrust and gambling seem to have the most direct effect. Determining how much the law contributed to the rise of the sport is practically impossible. It is easier to consider how current laws may affect the future of existing sport. For example, two issues in law currently (concussion legislation and the antitrust and right of publicity lawsuit against the NCAA) might have a substantial impact on the future of football and of college sport.
Intermittent testicular torsion in the pediatric patient: Sonographic indicators of a difficult diagnosis

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intermittent testicular torsion, defined as the sudden onset of unilateral scrotal pain of short duration with spontaneous resolution, has sonographic indicators that can be used to establish the diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective search for pediatric patients presenting with suspected intermittent testicular torsion over a 2-year period was performed. The sonographic findings, medical records for clinical presentation, surgical outcomes, and comorbidities relevant to intermittent testicular torsion were reviewed. RESULTS. Analysis was performed on two separate categories for intermittent testicular torsion: total patient episodes (n = 19) and surgical cases (n = 10), with a total of 15 patients with 1.26 episodes per patient. Of the 19 episodes of intermittent testicular torsion, 63% (12) had either absent flow followed by normal to increased flow (n = 6, p = 0.18) or increased testicular flow (n = 6), 26% (5) had normal flow, a...
Neuronal Organization and Ontogeny in the Lobster Swimmeret System

General principles of neuronal organization and ontogeny in locomotor systems are explored, using the lobster swimmeret system as a model. Centrally, this motor system consists of command interneurones that activate segmental ganglionic oscillators that in turn drive the swimmeret motoneurones. Several sensory receptors excite the command interneurones, and in some cases the corresponding receptive fields have been mapped on the periphery. Swimmeret motoneurones are normally recruited in order of increasing size. The motoneurones follow this size principle also in their effects on muscles (smaller motoneurones have less effect) and in their normal discharge patterns (smaller motoneurones show less adaptation).
Mixed layer mesoscales: a parameterization for OGCMs

Abstract. We derive and assess a parameterization of the mixed layer vertical and horizontal mesoscale fluxes of an arbitrary tracer. The results, which are obtained by solving the mesoscale dynamic equations and contain no adjustable parameters, are expressed in terms of the large scale fields resolved by coarse resolution OGCMs (ocean global circulation models). The new model can be put in the right perspective by considering the following. Thus far, the lack of a mixed layer mesoscale model that naturally satisfies the required boundary condition (the vertical flux must vanish at the surface), was remedied by extending the stream function modeled for the adiabatic deep ocean into the mixed layer using an arbitrary tapering function chosen to enforce the required boundary condition. The present model renders the tapering schemes unnecessary for the vertical flux automatically vanishes at the ocean surface. The expressions we derive for the vertical and horizontal mesoscale fluxes are algebraic and should be used in conjunction with any of the available mesoscale models valid in the adiabatic deep ocean. We also discuss a new feature representing the effect of sub-mesoscales on mesoscales. It is shown that in the case of strong wind, one must add to the mean Eulerian velocity that enters the parameterization of the mesoscale fluxes a new term due to sub-mesoscales whose explicit form we work out. The assessment of the model results is as follows. First, previous eddy resolving results indicated a robust re-stratification effect by mesoscales; we show that the model result for the mesoscale vertical flux leads to re-stratification (its second z-derivative is negative) and that it is of the same order of magnitude but opposite sign of the vertical flux by small scale turbulence, leading to a large cancellation. Second, since mesoscales act as a source of the eddy kinetic energy, we compare the predicted surface values vs. the Topex-Poseidon. Third, we carry out an eddy resolving simulation and assess both z-profile and magnitude of the model vertical flux against the simulation data. The tests yield positive results. A more stratified mixed layer has implication for the oceanic absorption of heat and CO2, a feature whose implications on climate predictions we hope to explore in the future.
Fluorimetric Assay for the Determination of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Activity in Subregions of Rat Brain Tissue

Abstract A modification of the spectrofluorimetric method of Lowe et al 1 for the measurement of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in rat brain is described. This method involves the indirect determination of GAD activity by measurement of the formation of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA). The minimum activity of GAD observable was 0.45 μg GABA/hour/mg protein and the limit of detection was 0.20 × 10−6 M GABA. This method was developed for measurement of GAD activity of gabaergic terminals in globus pallidus, endopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, and ventromedial thalamus in rat brain.
Implications of the One Health Paradigm for Clinical Microbiology

Abstract Clinical microbiologists have a new and unique opportunity to increase our value to health care by broadening how we think about disease processes and asking ourselves what we can do to help resolve a disease, assist in tracking a cause, or even predict an outbreak before it occurs. Human health, animal health (both wildlife and domestic animals), and environmental health are forever bound together. The convergence of people, animals, and the environment defines the parameters of One Health and directs attention to the impact this overlap has on public health, disease detection, and control. One Health (sometimes referred to as One Medicine) is a concept that promotes, improves, and defends the health and well-being of all species through the integration of the sciences of human medicine, veterinary medicine, and environmental studies. As microbiologists, we need to be aware of this One Health concept and how it can positively impact our profession by allowing us to be more productive members of the health care team. There are several things we can do to get started. We can review organism pathogenicity and evaluate and question test results that may signal an unusual event or process that led to a disease. We can be alert to the epidemiologic potential of organism isolates from patients as they may apply to infection control or community epidemiology. We can become familiar with the zoonotic diseases and recognize the etiologic agents associated with wild and domestic animals and apply that knowledge to our diagnostic skills. As we further understand the "big picture" of One Health, we can ask strategic questions that can lead us to provide further technical assistance to facilitate earlier interventions that lead to positive patient outcomes and ultimately healthier populations. In human medicine, we generally work with one species of animal. Veterinarians work with all the rest. It is time to communicate with and learn from our veterinary clinical microbiology colleagues and begin to understand the critical nature of the human, animal, and environment interface. This is our opportunity to be at the front of this line and not stand on the sidelines watching.
Motion analysis with application to assistive vision technology

The analysis of motion in image sequences represents a popular and constantly growing research field. In This work a motion analysis scheme is proposed to function as an assistive vision technology tool. The first stage of this methodology includes a video stabilization scheme as a preprocessing stage. In the next stage a nonlinear spatio-temporal diffusion approach is applied and a kernel based density estimation method follows to assess the motion activity. This overall process is completed by watershed-based segmentation to detect the moving areas. The presented experimental results indicate the efficiency of this scheme in detecting and segmenting the moving areas.
Trust, trait theory, and collaboration in telemedicine: a circumplex perspective

More than a process-automating tool, telemedicine is increasingly recognized for its ability to facilitate collaboration and knowledge creation between disparate healthcare providers. As trust is being demonstrated to affect positively the collaborative effort of practitioners and the concomitant, as well as subsequent impact on quality of health care delivery, the questions arise, What are the interpersonal traits of practitioners that contribute to a constructive and continuing telemedicine-centered collaboration? Furthermore, how do these interpersonal traits translate into specific types of interactions that maximize telecollaboration? These questions are especially germane as much telemedicine equipment remains underutilized, and administrators concern themselves with sustainability. Previous work has largely centered on relational variables affecting trust in collaboration, such as competence, reputation, and trustworthiness, but has neglected the personal characteristics that might impact participants' proclivity to collaborate and trust. This paper introduces the circumplex model as a framework for understanding the development of trust in collaborative telemedicine. The circumplex posits that interpersonal interaction can be explained along the two dimensions of power and affiliation. Sixteen personality traits may be arrayed in a circular or clockwise fashion around the psychological axis of Dominance and Nurturance. Recent causal modeling studies - of the relational relationships between the dimensions of the circumplex theory of interpersonal interaction and measures of interpersonal trust - have found that the circumplex dimensions of Dominance and Nurturance are sign positive predictors of interpersonal trust. Understanding these interpersonal characteristics of individuals may help address the constraints impeding telemedicine usage.
The influence of social hierarchy on primate health

Dominance hierarchies occur in numerous social species, and rank within them can greatly influence the quality of life of an animal. In this review, I consider how rank can also influence physiology and health. I first consider whether it is high- or low-ranking animals that are most stressed in a dominance hierarchy; this turns out to vary as a function of the social organization in different species and populations. I then review how the stressful characteristics of social rank have adverse adrenocortical, cardiovascular, reproductive, immunological, and neurobiological consequences. Finally, I consider how these findings apply to the human realm of health, disease, and socioeconomic status.
Research For Teaching And Learning

Research is an important part of the careers of most academics. This article provides an introduction to the scholarship of teaching and learning (SOTL) and suggests that opportunities exist in this research area for faculty to begin or extend their publishing efforts. SOTL research is rapidly becoming more accepted as evidenced by the number of journals catering to research on teaching and learning. The authors detail ways in which to approach SOTL research, choose a topic and begin to submit articles to appropriate journals.
Developing Data Mining-Based Prognostic Models for CF-18 Aircraft

The CF-18 aircraft is a complex system for which a variety of data are systematically being recorded: operational flight data from sensors and Built-In Test Equipment (BITE) and maintenance activities recorded by personnel. These data resources are stored and used within the operating organization but new analytical and statistical techniques and tools are being developed that could be applied to these data to benefit the organization. This paper investigates the utility of readily available CF-18 data to develop data mining-based models for prognostics and health management (PHM) systems. We introduce a generic data mining methodology developed to build prognostic models from operational and maintenance data and elaborate on challenges specific to the use of CF-18 data from the Canadian Forces. We focus on a number of key data mining tasks including: data gathering, information fusion, data pre-processing, model building, and evaluation. The solutions developed to address these tasks are described. A software tool developed to automate the model development process is also presented. Finally, the paper discusses preliminary results on the creation of models to predict F404 No. 4 Bearing and MFC (Main Fuel Control) failures on the CF-18.Copyright © 2010 by National Research Council of Canada
KINETICS OF ENCAPSULATED YEAST ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE DISPERSED IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT

Microcapsules dispersed in organic solvents provide a suitable environment for conducting enzyme reactions involving cofactors and hydrophobic substrates. Encapsulated YADH is active and stable in cyclohexane provided the pH is adjusted appropriately. Mass transfer does not influence batch reaction rates. Conversion in a fluidized-bed reactor containing encapsulated YADH/NAD+ and employing cyclohexane as the continuous phase depends strongly on residence time and inlet cinnamyl alcohol concentration. However, interpretation of these results is complicated by enzyme inactivation by the product, cinnamaldehyde, and interference from residual encapsulating agents.
Useful Data Transformations

This note addresses what can be done in those situations where it is not reasonable to assume that the relationship between the dependent second-independent variables is linear.
BONE MARROW FIBROSIS DEVELOPING IN ALEUKEMIC MYELOSIS

1. A case of aleukemic myelosis with leuko-erythroblastic anemia is presented, in which the development of extramedullary hematopoiesis in liver and spleen, and fibrosis of marrow was studied by multiple punch biopsies and eventual autopsy. 2. This case offers further support to the theory that many cases of marrow fibrosis are fundamentally leukemic in nature belonging to the group of atypical granulocytic leukemias (aleukemic myelosis). 3. The extramedullary hematopoiesis in this case was interpreted as being of leukemic nature rather than a compensatory metaplasia. 4. Since there are other definite causes of marrow fibrosis and since no adequate etiology has been found to explain some cases, it is suggested that marrow fibrosis be classified as (a) primary idiopathic or (b) marrow fibrosis secondary to aleukemic myelosis, neoplasm, chemical toxins etc.
Calidad bacteriológica del agua en las playas de Arica (Chile)

Se estudio la calidad del agua de las playas de Arica, por medio de indicadores microbiologicos, como los coliformes totales y coliformes fecales. Mediante la tecnica del numero mas probable, se observo que las playas Miramar y Chinchorro presentan un alto grado de contaminacion, superando ampliamente la norma nacional Las playas Corazones, La Lisera y El Laucho presentan valores bajo la norma nacional.
The Effect of Obesity on Functional Outcomes and Complications in Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Background The prevalence of obesity in the United States is staggering. Currently, the effect of obesity on third-generation total ankle replacement (TAR) is unknown. Methods We prospectively identified a consecutive series of 455 primary TARs operated between May 2007 and September 2013 who had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. We identified 266 patients with a body mass index (BMI) 35 (Obese II). Clinical outcomes including wound issues, infection rate, complications, and failure rates were compared. Functional outcomes including American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society hindfoot score, Short Form-36 (SF-36), Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA), Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) were compared. Average patient follow-up in the Obese I group was 44.7 ± 17.3 months, Obese II was 42.7 ± 16.4 months, and 45.2 ± 17.4 months in the control group. Results Age, race, and smoking history in the obese group were not significantly higher than the control group; however, sex was significantly related to BMI. There was no difference in complication, infection, or failure rates between the groups. Preoperatively, the Obese II group had significantly lower SF-36 scores and higher SMFA function, FADI, and FAOS Symptoms scores. For each of the Obese I, Obese II, and control groups, all functional outcome scores 1 year postoperatively and at most recent follow-up were significantly improved. However, at most recent follow-up, Obese II patients had lower FAOS Pain and SF-36 scores and higher FADI and SMFA Functional scores. Conclusion Total ankle arthroplasty in obese patients was a relatively safe procedure. Although obese patients after TAR had lower functional outcome scores compared to their nonobese counterpart, they did experience significant functional and pain improvements at most recent follow-up. Level of evidence Level III, comparative series.
Modeling Growth Behavior for Si1-xGex from SiH4 and GeH4 by CVD

A kinetic model based on the collision theory of chemical reactions, statistical physics, and the concept of competitive adsorption is proposed for Si 1-x Ge x growth from SiH 4 and GeH 4 by chemical vapor deposition. It takes into account both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, which involve the precursors (SiH 4 and GeH 4 ) and the homogeneous decomposition product of germane, germylene (GeH 2 ), and three types surface sites, silicon sites, hydrogen-terminated silicon sites, and germanium sites. The growth of Si 1-x Ge x can be divided into two regimes: a heterogeneous decomposition dominated regime and a homogeneous decomposition dominated regime. Analytical equations are derived to quantitatively describe growth rate as a function of deposition conditions, including deposition temperature, silane flow rate, and germane flow rate, for the heterogeneous regime. Homogeneous decomposition of germane into germylene causes precursor depletion, and an empirical linear relation is employed to describe the growth behavior in the homogeneous regime. The model agrees well with the experimental data.
Research on the Method of Eliminating the Mutual-inductance in Grounding Impedance Measurements

In order to eliminate the mutual-inductance between the current wire and voltage wire in the measurement of grounding impedance,this article presents a calculation method to eliminate the affect of the mutual-inductance.The Daxuecheng 110 k V substation is measured,and the mutual-inductance between the voltage line and the current line is compared with the testing results. The resistive and the inductive components of the Daxuecheng 110 k V substation grounding system are analyzed.
Microwave compressive strength estimation of cement paste using monopole probes

Abstract In-situ evaluation of the compressive strength of existing concrete structures using a direct approach is the objective of this investigation. The principle factor affecting the compressive strength of a concrete structure is its water/cement (w/c) ratio. The reflection properties of four cement paste samples with w/c ratios of 0.35, 0.40, 0.50, and 0.55 were measured using several monopole probes at microwave frequencies of 5, 9, and 12 GHz. The effect of several parameters, such as the operating frequency, the probe length (h), and the properties of the cement paste (w/c ratio) on the measurement sensitivity, were studied theoretically as well. For a given monopole probe (fixed diameter), h and the operating frequency can be optimized such that any slight change in the w/c ratio causes a large change in the reflection coefficient. Lower microwave frequencies are shown to be more sensitive in detecting variation in the reflection coefficient of these samples as a function of the w/c ratio. After...
Development and testing a diagnostic capacity tool for improving socio-ecological system governance

The capacity to sustainably govern complex socio-ecological systems (SES) has been identified as a necessary but daunting task by SES scholars, resource stewards and stakeholders. This research sought to inform the question: What are determinant capacities and functional linkages that can be incorporated into diagnostic tools for analysts seeking to improve sustainable socio-economic system SES governance? Literature was used to identify and translate determinant capacities and functional linkages into a quantifiable metric of governance quality. The tool was developed from ecological, business, governance and decision science literature. This tool recognizes the dynamic and systemic linkages between the resources and the social systems that use and govern them for improving systems thinking and SES outcomes. The tool was tested to determine its ability to capture perceived characteristics of governance quality and problem management using Michigan’s cleanup and redevelopment program. The results of this research indicated that the exploratory tool was reliable and valid. This research contributes to the evolving body of SES frameworks, specifically the study of individual and organizational capacities for improved SES outcomes. The implications of this research suggest participatory network-based governance with higher levels of resource exchange, in the form of interdependency, trust, diplomacy and reciprocity, aligns with practitioners’ perceptions of improved program performance. Further, while some capacities and related findings of this research may be context specific, concepts associated with the development and testing of this diagnostic tool, such as the use of systems thinking, participatory network-based governance, and related competencies, may have more universal application.
Kann die Regierung die Technik steuern

Viele Menschen uberall in der Welt, besonders die Intellektuellen, die sich uber die moglichen Gefahren einer ungeregelten Technikentwicklung Gedanken machen, gehen stillschweigend davon aus, das staatliche Regelungen hier eine zuverlassige Abhilfe schaffen wurden. So hat zum Beispiel Victor Ferkiss 1969 versucht, die Merkmale des „technologischen Menschen“ anzugeben, die ihn befahigen wurden, die Technik zu beherrschen. Nach Ferkiss konnte diese Aufgabe „fur unsere Species die schwierigste und letzte Prufung sein, durch die sich entscheidet, ob sie reif ist oder nicht“.1 Nigel Calder, der in demselben Jahr uber die Wirkung der Technik auf die Gesellschaft schrieb, kam zu dem Ergebnis, das „sittliche und politische Anstrengungen notwendig sind, um den totalitaren Tendenzen der Technik entgegenzuwirken und die Regierungen dazu zu bewegen, humane Restriktionen fur die Technik zu fordern“.2 Garrett Harden, dessen Sorge um die Tragodie des gemeinen Mannes allgemein bekannt ist, hat sogar vorgeschlagen, das jedes Systemproblem durch entsprechende staatliche Eingriffe gelost werden sollte.3
Model Predictive Control Analysis for the Battery Energy Storage System

This paper describes the Model Predictive Control technique for three phase bi-directional converter to integrate a battery system with the grid. The paper presents an overview of different predictive control technologies. The paper describes the basic concept, operating principle, governing equations and control algorithm of model predictive control for the power converter. The control technique is analyzed to integrate a 1MWh battery system model with the grid. The analysis is done in PSCAD simulation environment for both steady state and fault scenarios. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of Model Predictive Control technology for battery integration.
Rheology of Blood

In the spirit of this symposium, rather than giving a comprehensive description of what we know today of the flow properties of blood—an enormous task at best—I should like to emphasize some of the problems that confront us in describing and understanding these properties.
Two Drosophila model neurons can regenerate axons from the stump or from a converted dendrite, with feedback between the two sites

After axon severing, neurons recover function by reinitiating axon outgrowth. New outgrowth often originates from the remaining axon stump. However, in many mammalian neurons, new axons initiate from a dendritic site when the axon is injured close to the cell body. Drosophila sensory neurons are ideal for studying neuronal injury responses because they can be injured reproducibly in a variety of genetic backgrounds. In Drosophila, it has been shown that a complex sensory neuron, ddaC, can regenerate an axon from a stump, and a simple sensory neuron, ddaE, can regenerate an axon from a dendrite. To provide a more complete picture of axon regeneration in these cell types, we performed additional injury types. We found that ddaE neurons can initiate regeneration from an axon stump when a stump remains. We also showed that ddaC neurons regenerate from the dendrite when the axon is severed close to the cell body. We next demonstrated if a stump remains, new axons can originate from this site and a dendrite at the same time. Because cutting the axon close to the cell body results in growth of the new axon from a dendrite, and cutting further out may not, we asked whether the initial response in the cell body was similar after both types of injury. A transcriptional reporter for axon injury signaling, puc-GFP, increased with similar timing and levels after proximal and distal axotomy. However, changes in dendritic microtubule polarity differed in response to the two types of injury, and were influenced by the presence of a scar at the distal axotomy site. We conclude that both ddaE and ddaC can regenerate axons either from the stump or a dendrite, and that there is some feedback between the two sites that modulates dendritic microtubule polarity.
Manifold Optimization Over the Set of Doubly Stochastic Matrices: A Second-Order Geometry

Over the decades, multiple approaches have been proposed to solve convex programs. The development of interior-point methods allowed solving a more general set of convex programs known as semi-definite and second-order cone programs. However, these methods are excessively slow for high dimensions. On the other hand, optimization algorithms on manifolds have shown great abilities in finding solutions to non-convex problems in a reasonable time. This paper suggests using a Riemannian optimization approach to solve a subset of convex optimization problems wherein the optimization variable is a doubly stochastic matrix. Optimization over the set of doubly stochastic matrices is crucial for multiple communications and signal processing applications, especially graph-based clustering. The paper introduces and investigates the geometries of three convex manifolds, namely the doubly stochastic, the symmetric, and the definite multinomial manifolds which generalize the simplex, also known as the multinomial manifold. Theoretical complexity analysis and numerical simulation results testify the efficiency of the proposed method over state-of-the-art algorithms. In particular, they reveal that the proposed framework outperforms conventional generic and specialized approaches, especially in high dimensions.
Probabilistic Models of Cumulative Damage

(1986). Probabilistic Models of Cumulative Damage. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 142-143.
Sobre lo visual en Historia

espanolEste articulo aborda los aportes de la representacion visual para la disciplina historica. Especificamente se refiere a la riqueza cognitiva que trae consigo el uso de nuevas interpretaciones historicas en la Epoca de la Informacion. Este uso de la representacion visual debe ser entendido como un complemento a la palabra escrita y una expansion del ambito tradicionalmente entendido de la historia escrita. portuguesEste texto aborda os aportes da representacao visual para a disciplina historica. Especificamente refere-se a riqueza cognitiva que traz consigo o uso de novas interpretacoes historicas na Epoca da Informacao. Este uso da representacao visual deve ser compreendido como um complemento a palavra escrita e uma expansao do âmbito tradicionalmente entendido da historia escrita. EnglishThis article considers the contribution of visual representations to the discipline of History. It refers specifically to the cognitive richness inherent to the use of new historical interpretations to approach the Information Era. The use of visual representations must be understood as complementary to the written word and as an expansion of the traditional sphere of written history.
The Uronic Acid Pathway and its Defect in Essential Pentosuria

I shall briefly review the experimental basis for the glucuronate-xylulose pathway and then discuss some conceptual problems in part related to current studies in our laboratory.
Chip Scale Package Assembly Reliability

Emerging chip scale packages (CSPs) and miniature versions of ball grid arrays (BGAs), are competing with bare die flip chip assemblies. CSP is an important miniature electronic package technology utilizing low pin counts, without the attendant handling and processing problems of low peripheral leaded packages such as thin small outline packages (TSOPs) and high-I/O (input/ output) quad flat packages (QFPs). Advantages include self-alignment capability during assembly reflow process and better lead (ball) rigidity. Reliability data and inspection techniques are needed for CSP acceptance especially for high-reliability applications.
Abstract TP196: Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Recent Ischemic Stroke versus Matched Controls

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is often newly diagnosed during heart-rhythm monitoring after ischemic stroke. It is unclear whether this represents pre-existing AF that led to stroke, AF th...
Laterality is an independent predictor of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with lower NIHSS Score (S21.005)

Objective: To test the hypothesis that Laterality is an independent predictor of Endovascular Thrombectomy eligibility in lower NIHSS Score patients. Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (ET) has revolutionized the treatment of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). Currently it is offered to select patients meeting strict eligibility criteria. One of the criteria is stroke severity as indicated by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Inherently, NIHSS is biased towards left-hemisphere strokes, with median NIHSS Score 4 points higher than right-hemisphere strokes. This may potentially effect clinical decision making and thrombectomy eligibility. Design/Methods: Data were analyzed from consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with LVO admitted to our comprehensive stroke center between June 2015–December 2016. Following variables were studied: age, NIHSS Score, occlusion location, baseline modified Rankin-Scale (mRS), time to presentation and treatment received. Results: 427 anterior circulation LVOs were identified. Based on American Heart Association guidelines, 188 patients were treated ≤6 hours of symptom onset, admission NIHSS Score ≥6 and proximal ACLVO. Of these, 97 (52%) were left-hemispheric strokes and 91 (48%) were right-hemispheric strokes with no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics (age, sex, occlusion location, and baseline mRS). ET was performed in 87% left-hemispheric strokes and 79% right-hemispheric strokes (p=0.12). In the NIHSS Score >10 range, 87% left-hemispheric strokes and 84% right-hemispheric strokes received ET (p=0.36). In the NIHSS Score 6–10 range, 92% left-hemispheric strokes and 50% right-hemispheric strokes received ET (p=0.01). Conclusions: In our series, we find comparable rates of treatment between right and left hemispheric strokes in patients with high NIHSS Score but lower rates of treatment of right-hemispheric strokes relative to left-hemispheric strokes in low NIHSS Score patients. A laterality based adjustment to NIHSS Score may be necessary to identify the full extent of patients that may benefit from ET. Further studies are needed to validate these findings. Disclosure: Dr. Desai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jovin has nothing to disclose. Dr Jadhav has nothing to disclose.
Campus partnerships for promoting equity, diversity and inclusion: A case study of the NCBI Model for reducing prejudice and intergroup conflict at Florida State University Libraries

Abstract This article will explore collaborations between the University Libraries and the campus community in implementing diversity and inclusion initiatives on campus through participation in the National Coalition Building Institute (NCBI). The article will take an in-depth look at the prejudice reduction and discrimination trainings conducted in the FSU Libraries, and how the trainings contributed to implementing the Libraries' strategic initiative for diversity and inclusion. These partnerships between the Libraries and the campus community exemplify successful collaborations needed to achieve preeminent institutional goals like diversity and inclusion. FSU has been recognized for Higher Education Excellence in Diversity, and is a national Diversity Champion since 2014 ( Insight into Diversity: online ).
Au-Catalyzed Cyclization of Monoallylic Diols

The Ph3PAuCl/AgOTf-catalyzed cyclization of monoallylic diols to form tetrahydropyrans is reported. The reactions proceed rapidly at temperatures as low as −78 °C with catalyst loadings as low as 0.1 mol % to provide the products in 79−99% yield. A broad range of structurally diverse substrates perform well in the reaction. When 2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans are produced, the reaction is highly diastereoselective for the 2,6-cis product.
Single-cell analyses identify tobacco smoke exposure-associated, dysfunctional CD16+ CD8 T cells with high cytolytic potential in peripheral blood

SUMMARY Tobacco smoke exposure has been found to impact immune response, leukocyte subtypes, DNA methylation, and gene expression in human whole blood. Analysis with single cell technologies will resolve smoking associated (sub)population compositions, gene expression differences, and identification of rare subtypes masked by bulk fraction data. To characterize smoking-related gene expression changes in primary immune cells, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on >45,000 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from smokers (n=4) and nonsmokers (n=4). Major cell type population frequencies showed strong correlation between scRNAseq and mass cytometry. Transcriptomes revealed an altered subpopulation of Natural Killer (NK)-like T lymphocytes in smokers, which expressed elevated levels of FCGR3A (gene encoding CD16) compared to other CD8 T cell subpopulations. Relatively rare in nonsmokers (median: 1.8%), the transcriptionally unique subset of CD8 T cells comprised 7.3% of PBMCs in smokers. Mass cytometry confirmed a significant increase (p = 0.03) in the frequency of CD16+ CD8 T cells in smokers. The majority of CD16+ CD8 T cells were CD45RA positive, indicating an effector memory re-expressing CD45RA T cell (TEMRA) phenotype. We expect that cigarette smoke alters CD8 T cell composition by shifting CD8 T cells toward differentiated functional states. Pseudotemporal ordering of CD8 T cell clusters revealed that smokers’ cells were biased toward later pseudotimes, and characterization of established markers in CD8 T cell subsets indicates a higher frequency of terminally differentiated cells in smokers than in nonsmokers, which corresponded with a lower frequency in naive CD8 T cells. Consistent with an end-stage TEMRA phenotype, FCGR3A-expressing CD8 T cells were inferred as the most differentiated cluster by pseudotime analysis and expressed markers linked to senescence. Examination of differentially expressed genes in other PBMCs uncovered additional senescence-associated genes in CD4 T cells, NKT cells, NK cells, and monocytes. We also observed elevated Tregs, inducers of T cell senescence, in smokers. Taken together, our results suggest smoking-induced, senescence-associated immune cell dysregulation contributes to smoking-mediated pathologies.
Quinine Improves the Fungicidal Effects of Antimicrobial Blue Light: Implications for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of clinical importance and is the primary cause of fungal-associated wound infections, sepsis, or pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. With the rise in antimicrobial resistance, it is becoming increasingly difficult to successfully treat fungal infections using traditional antifungals, signifying that alternative non-traditional approaches must be explored for their efficacy. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the combination of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) and quinine hydrochloride (Q-HCL) for improved inactivation of C. albicans, in vitro and in vivo, relative to either monotherapy. In addition, we evaluated the safety of this combination therapy in vivo using the TUNEL assay. RESULTS The combination of aBL (108 J/cm2 ) with Q-HCL (1 mg/mL) resulted in a significant improvement in the inactivation of C. albicans planktonic cells in vitro, where a 7.04 log10 colony forming units (CFU) reduction was achieved, compared with aBL alone that only inactivated 3.06 log10 CFU (P < 0.001) or Q-HCL alone which did not result in a loss of viability. aBL + Q-HCL was also effective at inactivating 48-hour biofilms, with an inactivation 1.73 log10 CFU at the dose of 108 J/cm2 aBL and 1 mg/mL Q-HCL, compared with only a 0.73 or 0.66 log10 CFU by aBL and Q-HCL alone, respectively (P < 0.001). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that aBL + Q-HCL induced morphological and ultrastructural changes consistent with cell wall and cytoplasmic damage. In addition, aBL + Q-HCL was effective at eliminating C. albicans within mouse abrasion wounds, with a 2.47 log10 relative luminescence unit (RLU) reduction at the dose of 324 J/cm2 aBL and 0.4 mg/cm2 Q-HCL, compared with a 1.44 log10 RLU reduction by aBL alone. Q-HCL or nystatin alone did not significantly reduce the RLU. The TUNEL assay revealed some apoptotic cells before and 24 hours following treatment with aBL + Q-HCL. CONCLUSION The combination of aBL + Q-HCL was effective at eliminating C. albicans both in vitro and in vivo. A comprehensive assessment of toxicity (cytotoxicity and genotoxicity) is required to fully determine the safety of aBL + Q-HCL therapy at different doses. In conclusion, the combination of aBL and Q-HCL may be a viable option for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectiveness of Trivalent and Quadrivalent Inactivated Vaccines Against Influenza B in the United States, 2011-2012 to 2016-2017.

Background Since 2013, quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing 2 B viruses gradually replaced trivalent vaccines in the United States. We compared the vaccine effectiveness of quadrivalent to trivalent inactivated vaccines (IIV4 to IIV3, respectively) against illness due to influenza B during the transition, when IIV4 use increased rapidly. Methods The US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (Flu VE) Network analyzed 25 019 of 42 600 outpatients aged ≥6 months who enrolled within 7 days of illness onset during 6 seasons from 2011-2012. Upper respiratory specimens were tested for the influenza virus type and B lineage. Using logistic regression, we estimated IIV4 or IIV3 effectiveness by comparing the odds of an influenza B infection overall and the odds of B lineage among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants. Over 4 seasons from 2013-2014, we compared the relative odds of an influenza B infection among IIV4 versus IIV3 recipients. Results Trivalent vaccines included the predominantly circulating B lineage in 4 of 6 seasons. During 4 influenza seasons when both IIV4 and IIV3 were widely used, the overall effectiveness against any influenza B was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45-59) for IIV4 versus 45% (95% CI, 34-54) for IIV3. IIV4 was more effective than IIV3 against the B lineage not included in IIV3, but comparative effectiveness against illnesses related to any influenza B favored neither vaccine valency. Conclusions The uptake of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines was not associated with increased protection against any influenza B illness, despite the higher effectiveness of quadrivalent vaccines against the added B virus lineage. Public health impact and cost-benefit analyses are needed globally.
Antibody inhibition of contact factor XII reduces platelet deposition in a model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator perfusion in nonhuman primates.

Background The contact factor XII (FXII) activates upon contact with a variety of charged surfaces. Activated FXII (FXIIa) activates factor XI, which activates factor IX, resulting in thrombin generation, platelet activation, and fibrin formation. In both in vitro and in vivo rabbit models, components of medical devices, including extracorporeal oxygenators, are known to incite fibrin formation in a FXII-dependent manner. Since FXII has no known role in hemostasis and its inhibition is therefore likely a safe antithrombotic approach, we investigated whether FXII inhibition also reduces accumulation of platelets in extracorporeal oxygenators. Objectives We aimed to determine the effect of FXII inhibition on platelet deposition in perfused extracorporeal membrane oxygenators in nonhuman primates. Methods A potent FXII neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 5C12, was administered intravenously to block contact activation in baboons. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenators were temporarily deployed into chronic arteriovenous access shunts. Radiolabeled platelet deposition in oxygenators was quantified in real time using gamma camera imaging. Biochemical assays were performed to characterize the method of action of 5C12. Results The anti-FXII monoclonal antibody 5C12 recognized both the alpha and beta forms of human and baboon FXII by binding to the protease-containing domain, and inhibited FXIIa activity. Administration of 5C12 to baboons reduced platelet deposition and fibrin formation in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenators, in both the presence and absence of systemic low-dose unfractionated heparin. The antiplatelet dose of 5C12 did not cause measurable increases in template bleeding times in baboons. Conclusions FXII represents a possible therapeutic and safe target for reducing platelet deposition and fibrin formation during medical interventions including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.