cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arctic Sea Ice and Freshwater Changes Driven by the Atmospheric Leading Mode in a Coupled Sea Ice-Ocean Model

Abstract Observational and modeling studies have indicated recent large changes of sea ice and hydrographic properties in the Arctic Ocean. However, the observational database is sufficiently sparse that the mechanisms responsible for the recent changes are not fully understood. A coupled Arctic ocean–sea ice model forced by output from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis is employed to investigate the role that the leading atmospheric mode has played in the recent changes of the Arctic Ocean. A modified Arctic Oscillation (AO) index is derived for the region poleward of 62.5°N in order to avoid ambiguities in the distinction between the conventional AO and the North Atlantic Oscillation index. The model results indicate that the AO is the driver of many of the changes manifested in the recent observations. The model shows reductions of Arctic sea ice area and volume by 3.2% and 8.8%, respectively, when the AO changes from its negative to its positive phase. Concurrently, freshwater storage decreases by about 2%, wh...
An Accuracy Analysis of Techniques for Measuring the Durations of In-Car Manual Tasks

Human factors research of automobile driver behavior often calls for timing in-car manual tasks. The present study was designed to compare the accuracy, bias, and consistency of various techniques for measuring in-car manual task durations. Additionally, this research was intended to reveal how closely these techniques approach the preciseness of the frame-by-frame video analysis method, which is time-consuming and expensive to perform.Six subjects were required to use an electronic stopwatch to measure “hand-off-wheel” times for 30 driver tasks. Each subject performed this procedure three times: while sitting as an observer in the back seat of a research vehicle, while watching a real-time video recording of task performance, and while watching a one-sixth real-time video recording of task performance. Timing Method (three levels), Duration of in-car task (three levels), and Subject (six levels) served as independent variables. Dependent measures gathered were raw timing error (a measure of response bias...
Steroids in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: A Balancing Act in Progress

Interest in minimizing corticosteroid exposure is widespread given the potential associated morbidity. This morbidity may be greater in children where the hope for a lifetime of transplant benefit has been historically linked to the risks of long-term corticosteroids. Corticosteroids also compromise growth, a unique concern in children. Contrasting the potential benefit of less steroid exposure is the potential risk for increased rates of rejection and graft loss. Balancing all risks and benefits is critical.
Interdependent Fluxes of Amino Acids and Sodium Ion in the Pigeon Red Blood Cell

Abstract The Na+-dependent uptake of each of eight neutral amino acids by the pigeon red blood cell in vitro is associated with an increase in Na+ influx, whereas three neutral amino acids that have uptakes little affected by Na+ cause no significant stimulation of Na+ movements. No net uptake of Na+ is detectable during incubation with any of these amino acids, and stimulation of Na+ efflux, as well as influx, is seen directly during the uptake of glycine, alanine, and β-alanine. Neither the uptake of alanine nor the associated Na+ movements are inhibited by ouabain at a concentration sufficient to block the normal active extrusion of Na+ from the cell. The stimulation of Na+ influx by alanine and glycine occurs additively when both amino acids are present together. Analysis of the cellular concentrations of several neutral amino acids indicates that all the apparent uptake of glycine and alanine caused by Na+ can be accounted for in terms of homogeneous and heterogeneous exchange with analogous endogenous amino acids. The Na+-dependent increments of influx (Δvs) of glycine, alanine, and β-alanine parallel quantitatively the associated increases of Na+ influx (Δvna) over the concentration ranges tested, although the kinetics and the stoichiometry are different for each amino acid, the mean values of the ratio Δvna:Δvs being 1.53, 2.52, and 0.96, respectively. Possible interpretations of these findings are discussed.
O-MaSE: a customizable approach to developing multiagent development processes

This paper describes the Organization-based MultiagentSystem Engineering (O-MaSE) Process Framework, which helps processengineers define custom multiagent systems development processes.O-MaSE builds off the MaSE methodology and is adapted from theOPEN Process Framework (OPF). OPF implements a Method Engineeringapproach to process construction. The goal of O-MaSE is to allowdesigners to create customized agent-oriented software development processes.O-MaSE consists of three basic structures: (1) a metamodel, (2)a set of methods fragments, and (3) a set of guidelines. The O-MaSE metamodel defines the key concepts needed to design and implementmultiagent systems. The method fragments are operations or tasks thatare executed to produce a set of work products, which may include models,documents, or code. The guidelines define how the method fragmentsare related to one another. The paper also shows two O-MaSE processexamples.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in reproductive-age women: a review of randomized controlled trials.

Abstract Purpose: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are widely used in the general population. This paper reviews randomized controlled trials of CAM therapies for obstetrical and gynecologic conditions and presents therapies that are likely to be used by women of reproductive age and by pregnant women. Data Sources: Sources included English-language papers in MEDLINE 1966–2002 and AMED (1985–2000) and the authors’ extensive holdings. Study Selection: Randomized controlled clinical trials of CAM therapies for obstetric and gynecologic conditions. Data Extraction: Clinical information was extracted from the articles and summarized in tabular form or in the text. Data Synthesis: Ninety-three trials were identified, 45 of which were for pregnancy-related conditions, 33 of which were for premenstrual syndrome, and 13 of which were for dysmenorrhea. Data support the use of acupressure for nausea of pregnancy and calcium for PMS. Preliminary studies indicate a role for further research on Vitamin B6 or ginger for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; calcium, magnesium, Vitamin B6, or chaste-tree berry extract for PMS; and a low-fat diet, exercise, or fish oil supplementation for dysmenorrhea. Conclusions: Limited evidence supports the efficacy of some CAM therapies. Exposure of women of reproductive age to these therapies can be expected.
UHV transmission electron microscopy of Ir(001): II. Atomic positions of the (5 × 1) reconstructed surface from HREM and R-factor refinements

Abstract A partial solution of the atomic scale structure of the Ir(001)−(5 × 1) reconstructed surface is reported combining direct high resolution electron microscopy and R -factor analyses of transmission electron diffraction data. From the high resolution imaging, the structure can be uniquely identified as a hexagonal monolayer on the surface with at most small distortions. R -factor minimization of the near surface structure based upon 8-bit digitization of the diffraction data shows systematic differences for models using single and multiple layers, demonstrating the existence of sub-surface strain fields. Unfortunately, the intrinsic error of 8-bit digital data is too large for a full multilayer minimization. Fitting was also performed using sub-surface relaxations constrained to match analytical strain solutions. These models indicate a two-fold bridge registry of the surface hexagonal layer with a three-fold hollow registry of the sub-surface atoms with respect to the surface layer and small sub-surface relaxations. The data reduction is quantitative with a 20–30% coverage, in agreement with experimental imaging data, and the accuracy of the atomic positions is about ±0.005 nm.
Application of outlier analysis for baseline-free damage diagnosis

As carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates have been widely accepted as valuable materials for retrofitting civil infrastructure systems, an appropriate assessment of bonding conditions between host structures and CFRP laminates becomes a critical issue to guarantee the performance of CFRP strengthened structures. This study attempts to develop a continuous performance monitoring system for CFRP strengthened structures by autonomously inspecting the bonding conditions between the CFRP layers and the host structure. The uniqueness of this study is to develop a new concept and theoretical framework of nondestructive testing (NDT), in which debonding is detected "without using past baseline data." The proposed baseline-free damage diagnosis is achieved in two stages. In the first step, features sensitive to debonding of the CFPR layers but insensitive to loading conditions are extracted based on a concept referred to as a time reversal process. This time reversal process allows extracting damage-sensitive features without direct comparison with past baseline data. Then, a statistical damage classifier will be developed in the second step to make a decision regarding the bonding condition of the CFRP layers. The threshold necessary for decision making will be adaptively determined without predetermined threshold values. Monotonic and fatigue load tests of full-scale CFRP strengthened RC beams are conducted to demonstrate the potential of the proposed reference-free debonding monitoring system.
Coming to terms with failure: Private self-enhancement and public self-effacement.

Abstract People regard themselves in more favorable terms than they regard others. Two experiments examined how this bias is influenced by threats to self-esteem (i.e., failure) and the private vs public nature of the context in which judgments of self and others are made. Private failure led subjects to exaggerate their superiority over others; public failure was associated with more egalitarian evaluations of self and others. Independent of these effects, high self-esteem subjects were more apt to respond to failure by increasing their superiority over others than were low self-esteem subjects. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
26.4: Transparent Conductive Film Nb2O5/Ag/IZO with an Anti-Reflection Design

We sputtered a Nb2O5/Ag/IZO transparent conductive film on PET substrate. The conductivity of transparent conductive film (TCF) was mainly dependent on the Ag layer, and Nb2O5 and IZO were two materials to design an anti-reflection coating. The sheet resistance was 7.9 Ω/□ with a 7.9 nm-thickness-Ag layer, and the transmittance was 90.11% at Λ=550 nm.
Fourier series optimization opportunity

This note discusses the introduction of Fourier series as an immediate application of optimization of a function of more than one variable. Specifically, it is shown how the study of Fourier series can be motivated to enrich a multivariable calculus class. This is done through discovery learning and use of technology wherein students build the sine Fourier series for the simple function f(x) = x and then generalize to the nth term sine Fourier series for a general function, f(x). It is shown how the students can then explore the power of the Fourier series to represent functions.
Vasoactive exposures during pregnancy and risk of microtia

BACKGROUND Little is known about the etiology of nonsyndromic microtia. This study investigated the hypothesis that microtia is caused by vascular disruption. METHODS The study analyzed data from the population-based National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) for deliveries between 1997 and 2005. Four hundred eleven nonsyndromic cases of microtia, with or without additional defects, were compared to 6560 nonmalformed infants with respect to maternal exposures to vasoactive medications and smoking during the periconceptional period and conditions that have previously been associated with vascular events (multiple gestation, maternal history of type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes, and hypertension). Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with multivariable models, controlling for the effects of race/ethnicity, education, periconceptional folic acid use, and study center. RESULTS Risk estimates for vasoactive medications and smoking were not meaningfully increased. Maternal type 1/2 diabetes was diagnosed before or during the index pregnancy in 4% and 1% of cases, respectively, compared to 1% and 0.05% of controls; the adjusted OR for these two groups combined was 7.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–13.1). Gestational diabetes was observed for 9% of cases and 6% of controls; the OR was moderately elevated (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9–2.0). ORs were also increased for multiple gestations (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5–4.2) and pre-existing hypertension (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.5). CONCLUSIONS Because ORs were only elevated for diabetes and not for vasoactive exposures or other potential vascular events, findings suggest that some microtia occurrences may be part of the diabetic embryopathy rather than manifestations of vascular disruption. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linear potential scan voltammetry for irreversible co-adsorption of electroactive species

Abstract Irreversible electrochemical co-adsorption of cations on two different kinds of active sites on the electrode surface has been studied theoretically for the conditions of the linear potential scan voltammetry (LPSV). The analytical expressions for the LPSV peak currents and peak potentials for the partial co-adsorption processes have been derived. The normalized, dimensionless LPSV characteristics have been computed using an implicit digital simulation procedure. The effect of the lateral self-interactions and exchange interactions, as well as effects of the kinetic parameters on the LPSV curves have been examined. An interesting phenomenon of splitting of the partial-current peak (for the adsorption reaction on one kind of active site) caused by coadsorption has been found. The potential distributions of the partial coverages have also been analyzed.
Automated Inspection as Part of a Defect Reduction Program in an ASIC Manufacturing Environment

As critical dimensions on VLSI circuits are reduced below one micron, growing competitive pressures increase the importance of rapidly reducing and maintaining low defect levels. Conventional methods of analyzing process defects rely heavily on analysis of completed product and in-process particle monitors to control defect density and provide data to guide yield improvement efforts. Because the rate of yield improvement and the response to fluctuations in defect density are critically dependent upon the timeliness and accuracy of defect data, more advanced methods of in-process analysis must be used to detect and isolate process defects. Automated defect inspection, when used in conjunction with end-of-line failure analysis and other in-process defect monitors, provides a timely and accurate measure of process defects. An effective defect reduction program, utilizing automated inspection, includes efforts in both the control of process excursions and the reduction of baseline defect density. Control of yield limiting defects can be supported through the application of SPC techniques to monitor process defects and rapidly detect excursions in defect density when they occur. To identify the source of yield limiting defects and guide yield improvement efforts, inspection of wafers at sequential locations in the manufacturing process can be used to accurately and quantitatively locate the source of random defects. This paper describes the use of automated defect inspection, as part of a comprehensive yield improvement program, to facilitate both the detection of process excursions and the isolation of defects to a specific process step.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Large-scale information retrieval with latent semantic indexing

Abstract As the amount of electronic information increases, traditional lexical (or Boolean) information retrieval techniques will become less useful. Large, heterogeneous collections will be difficult to search since the sheer volume of unranked documents returned in response to a query will overwhelm the user. Vector-space approaches to information retrieval, on the other hand, allow the user to search for concepts rather than specific words, and rank the results of the search according to their relative similarity to the query. One vector-space approach, Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), has achieved up to 30% better retrieval performance than lexical searching techniques by employing a reduced-rank model of the term-document space. However, the original implementation of LSI lacked the execution efficiency required to make LSI useful for large data sets. A new implementation of LSI, LSI++, seeks to make LSI efficient, extensible, portable, and maintainable. The LSI++ Application Programming Interface (API) allows applications to immediately use LSI without knowing the implementation details of the underlying system. LSI++ supports both serial and distributed searching of large data sets, providing the same programming interface regardless of the implementation actually executing. In addition, a World Wide Web interface was created to allow simple, intuitive searching of document collections using LSI++. Timing results indicate that the serial implementation of LSI++ searches up to six times faster than the original implementation of LSI, while the parallel implementation searches nearly 180 times faster on large document collections.
Sexual functioning in male diabetics with impotence problems

Abstract The sexual activities of diabetic men with erectile problems were investigated. Seventeen subjects provided information on various aspects of their sexual behavior and completed the Sexual Interaction Inventory. The nature of specific sexual behaviors in which they engaged, discrepancies between their actual and desired sexual activities, and perceptions of their mates' pleasure in these activities were all assessed. Results indicated a clear discrepancy between actual and desired frequency of a broad spectrum of sexual activities, only two of which involve intercourse. These results were discussed in the context of subjects' reports that they find various sexual activities more pleasant than they think their mates find them. In addition, subjects expressed a desire for their mates to find various sexual activities more pleasant than they think their mates find them.
Nation and decolonization: Toward a new anthropology of nationalism

The anthropology of nationalism following Anderson's Imagined Communitiesdepicts nationalism as the culture of modernity, and punctuates time with emphasis on 1776, 1789 and (say some) a contemporary postmodern or millennial crisis. We argue instead that the era of nation-states begins in 1945, an era of formal horizontal symmetries and nations imagined as communities, dominated in fact by American power and its exigencies of ‘self-determination’, ‘open doors’ and multilateral trade. Scholarship that projects the nation-state back to the Enlightenment has occluded imperial history, just as depictions of American power as ‘neo-imperial’ depict it too vaguely, and fail to capture the dilemmas in political dialogics in many localities created by the exigencies of the United Nations era. We seek to relocate ethnographic and critical study of nationalism away from concern with impasses of ‘the Enlightenment’, ‘the West’, and ‘modernity’, in favor of attention to the Second World War as a watershed and decoloni...
Absent phenylalanine hydroxylase activity without phenylketonuria

A male infant is described who never manifested phenylketonuria even though phenylalanine hydroxylase activity was undetectable in liver tissue. Plasma phenylalanine were elevated in the range typical of PKU patients when the baby was at breast and declined with institution of a low phenylalanine diet. Physical and psychomotor development were normal with the baby on the latter treatment. The results indicate that the absence of phenylketonuria does not rule out phenylalanine hydroxylase activity.
National preparedness for a catastrophic emergency: crisis standards of care.

PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES UNDERSCORE THE IMMEdiate and crucial need to plan for a mass disaster in which tens or even hundreds of thousands of individuals suddenly require medical care. On October 24, 2009, President Obama declared a public health emergency in response to influenza A(H1N1), but natural disasters (eg, hurricanes, floods, or earthquakes) and terrorism acts (eg, anthrax or a nuclear detonation) similarly demonstrate the critical need for national preparedness. Public health emergencies evoke troubling questions with life-or-death consequences. Which patients should receive limited resources and who decides? Should professional standards of care change and if so, what are the catalysts? Should the law grant civil or criminal immunity to professionals acting in good faith? Hurricane Katrina is a galvanizing point for answering such difficult questions, so gaining the public’s trust is vital.
Simple and inexpensive microcomputer-controllable stepping motor and drive circuit

The construction of a simple stepper motor and drive circuit made from commercial components is described. The use of the stepper motor for a monochromator wavelength drive is discussed. The rate and direction of scan can be controlled by either a hardwired timer circuit or by a microcomputer.
Analytical evaluation of built-up shear links under large deformations

This paper presents the results of nonlinear finite element analyses conducted on built-up shear links designed according to AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Building. The webs in these links are expected to yield in shear during large seismic events. Traditionally, these links are designed and constructed utilizing rolled shape sections. This paper discusses the potential of using built-up sections with relatively thin webs and thick flanges as shear links. The strain and stress distributions along critical sections of the web are presented in this paper. The results of the analytical investigation showed good agreement with the experimental value of the ultimate shear capacity. A series of parametric studies on web compactness ratios and stiffener spacing were carried on to study their effect on the overall plastic rotation of the built-up link. Based on these analyses, an equation that relate the plastic rotation to the web compactness and stiffener spacing was recommended.
Frequency versus time-delay approach for acquiring multiple unknown chirp signals

A frequency versus timedelay (FVTD) technique is introduced to acquire unknown parameters of received chirp signals. This technique can precisely determine a single chirp clearly distinguish completely overlapped upchirp and downchirp and is also capable of realizing various overlapped multiple chirp signals. The basic implementation concept of this approach is relatively simple. We first employ a bank of bandpass filters to noncoherently process the incoming chirps. The filtered and sampled signals are then shifted into a set of frequency time and power distribution sequences which provide enough information for acquiring the unknown parameters of the received chirp signals. Examples and figures are used to illustrate this procedure.
Immigration, Trade and Home Country Development: State-Level Variation in the US Immigrant-Export Link

This article examines the pro-trade influence of immigrants using data on state-level exports from the 48 contiguous USA to 28 countries during the year 1993. Immigrants from lesser developed countries are found to exert stronger proportional effects on state-level exports relative to the immigrants from more developed countries. Calculation of absolute immigrant effects at state, regional and national levels also reveal influences of immigrants from developing countries are of greater magnitude; however, results depend on the metric employed to categorize countries as developing or developed. The findings emphasize the importance of immigrants’ connections to business and social networks and allow for an improved understanding of the role that information asymmetries play in fomenting opportunities for immigrants to enhance trade.
The Transformation of the Tzuultaq'a: Jorge Ubico, Protestants and other Verapaz Maya at the Crossroads of Community, State and Transnational Interests

In this essay the Q'eqchi' Maya metaphor of "open and "dosed" roads serves as a means of exploring Maya ritual practice, the attraction of'U.S -introduced evangelical Protestantism, and community-state relations in Alta verapaz. Guatemala. The "road" metaphor also serves as an indigenous alternative to Eric Wolfs closed" and "open" community distinction, aptly expressing the teasioas between community closure and exposure to the Guatemalan state, global market and transnational actors, as well as between morality and opportunity. that concerned Wolf. In the Verapaz, the most powerful "road" is the mountains alley spirit. the Tzuultaqa, which appears in many transformations, including die late Liberal dictator Jorge ubico, the region s culture hero Juan Aj Pop Batz, and merchant class Q'eqchi".
QuickProbe: available bandwidth estimation in two roundtrips

An accurate estimate of the available (or unused) bandwidth in a network path can be useful in many applications, including route selection in an overlay or multi-homed network, initial bit-rate selection for video streams or improving the slow start phase of existing TCP protocols. Previously proposed methods for estimating available bandwidth include Pathload [2], PTR [1], Spruce [4], and references therein. The Pathload technique has been shown to be reasonably accurate under a wide range of conditions by independent researchers [3,5]. PTR is more efficient and has been shown to have accuracy similar to Pathload in a more limited set of experiments [1]. With an accurate measure of the bottleneck link capacity, Spruce has been found to be more accurate than Pathload when a new cross traffic stream with known rate is injected. The principal drawback of these techniques is that they require on the order of hundreds of probe packets, and several to several tens of seconds to obtain the available bandwidth estimate. This paper develops a new bandwidth estimation technique, ‘QuickProbe’, that uses 19 probe packets to obtain a conservative estimate of the available bandwidth within a single round trip, and then uses 9-17 further probe packets in each subsequent round trip to refine the estimate. We have compared the QuickProbe and Pathload estimates for hundreds of Internet paths between PlanetLab and other nodes. The paths have measured round-trip times in the range of 20-800 milliseconds, capacities in the range of 0.1 600 Mb/s, and ratios of available bandwidth to capacity in the range of 5-95%. Over such paths, ‘QuickProbe’ obtains conservative available bandwidth estimates after two round trips that are a within a factor of 0.7 1.0 times the Pathload estimate.
Signal Probability Effects on Error Detection Performance in a Quality Control Task

This study was designed to examine the influence of signal probability on detection accuracy in a quality control task patterned after the checking of prescriptions in a pharmacy. Signal probability was defined as the ratio of erroneous scripts to correct scripts. 91 participants were either exposed to signal probabilities ranging from 26 to 30% ("low probability") or 34 to 38% ("high probability") while checking two sets of 40 simulated scripts for accuracy. Wrong item, wrong number, and wrong label information errors were possible, and performance was measured in terms of sensitivity (percentage of errors detected) and specificity (percentage of correct orders accepted). Analysis indicated that sensitivity was significantly worse for participants in the high signal probability condition, but specificity was not significantly different between signal probability conditions. Connections to existing theory and future directions for research are discussed.
Anteriorly displaced anus: an under-recognized cause of chronic constipation

Anterior displacement of a normal anus is recognized as a cause of severe constipation in some children. We have reviewed our experience with 13 children treated for this disorder over the past 8 years at the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center. Twelve of the patients were female and the age at the time of operation ranged between 12 months and 9 years. In all patients constipation began in the first 3 to 6 months of life. Symptoms were characterized by marked straining upon passage of stool, often accompanied by perineal pain. All patients had been unsuccessfully treated with agressive use of stool softeners and cathartics. The anus had a normal appearance, although it was located anterior to its normal position in every case. There was no evidence of anal stenosis on digital examination; in each case a large posterior rectal cul-de-sac could be palpated. A barium enema examination disclosed a prominent posterior shelf of the rectum, often with enormous dilation of the colon posteriorly. All patients underwent surgical treatment using a posterior anoplasty with advancement of the posterior rectal wall. In 10 patients a posterior rectal myomectomy was added to the procedure. Pathologic evaluation of the rectal muscle was normal in each instance. Complete relief of constipation was achieved in all patients, with follow-up extending for as long as 6 years. One patient continues to require occasional use of stool softeners. Anterior displacement of the anus is a frequently overlooked, although easily corrected, cause of severe constipation in childhood.
Bilateral Compartment Syndrome of the Anterior Thigh Following Functional Fitness Exercises: A Case Report

We present a case of delayed, acute bilateral exertional compartment syndrome of the anterior thigh induced by callisthenic exercise. Symptoms consisted of pain out of proportion to examination findings, inability to ambulate, and severe pain with knee flexion. Treatment consisted of bilateral thigh fasciotomies and supportive therapy for concomitant rhabdomyolysis. Full strength, range of motion, and return to all military duties were achieved by 4 months postinjury.
Parathyroid Hormone in the Evaluation of Hypercalcemia

A 54-year-old woman was incidentally noted to have hypercalcemia on routine testing. She feels well and reports no concerns. She underwent total thyroidectomy 15 years earlier for papillary thyroid cancer and is taking levothyroxine suppression therapy without evidence of recurrence. Serum calcium levels before her thyroidectomy were normal. She has well-controlled hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Her other medications include losartan, atorvastatin, and ezetimibe. She has no history of low trauma fractures (occurring from falls at standing height or less) or nephrolithiasis. She has no family history of hypercalcemia. Physical examination demonstrated no palpable thyroid tissue. Her laboratory values are reported in the Table. Table Patient’s Laboratory Test Results
Vehicular network rerouting autonomy with a V2V, I2V, and V2I communication matrix classification

Intelligent Transportation Systems allow for broad implementation approaches regarding the distribution of data and the processing of that data for use in a particular framework. In this paper, we provide an analysis and approach in describing methods of vehicular network autonomy incorporating concepts that include V2I, I2V and V2V communications. Specifically, we provide validity to concepts that are taken for granted by providing simulations to support these considerations. We also provide a discussion of the architecture implementations that define these concepts that capture classification methods negating the problem with open interpretation as to where the data are being collected from as well as being processed. We provide a refinement within the scope of ITS by systematically classifying the roles and interaction between processing and data collection. Furthermore, we then utilize key classifications of processing and data collection that includes either a centralized or distributed framework approaches. These approaches illustrate how vehicles can be used to accomplish dynamic rerouting by applying knowledge of network state but also network composition to achieve lower travel times when incidents occur.
Fatty acid composition and physiological properties of some filamentous blue-green algae

The fatty acids of 32 axenic strains of filamentous blue-green algae have been analyzed. As an aid to the interpretation of the results, the strains have been assigned to provisional typological groups based upon their morphology and certain physiological characters. The latter are the ability to grow heterotrophically in the dark with glucose as carbon and energy source, the ability to grow in the light at the expense of glucose in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), and the ability to synthesize nitrogenase under anaerobic conditions in the light. Each typological group has been given an appropriate generic name.
Modification of the Ingram bicycle seat stool for the treatment of vaginal agenesis and stenosis

The use of nonsurgical techniques for the creation of a neovagina for vaginal agenesis and stenosis has been successful for many patients and is currently recommended as first-line therapy. The Ingram bicycle seat stool technique, a nonsurgical approach, has largely replaced the surgical McIndoe technique as the method of choice for vaginal dilation. It provides an easy and comfortable way for patients to engage in dilation. However, the Ingram bicycle seat stool is not height adjustable. We have created a bicycle seat stool that is height adjustable and will likely provide patients with an improved, more comfortable, and individualized method of dilation.
Local time-averaged and instantaneous temperature measurements by relief flow tagging

In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of using the diffusion rate of vihrationally excited oxygen molecules to measure local air temperature. A Uiin line is written by vihrationally exciting oxygen inolccules using the RELIEF techniquc. The rate at which the diameter of the line increases is then meawred, and the temperature is determined by knowing the temperaturc dependence of the diffusion rate. A simultaneous measurement of pressure or density is i-equired, and this can b e obtained from a standard pressurc tap or from Rayleigh scattering. d
Five French (5 Fr) guiding catheters for percutaneous coronary angioplasty and stent placement: An initial feasibility study.

Thirty patients were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) usin ga5F r guiding catheter. A recently developed, mechanically advantaged hand injector was used to deliver contrast and achieved excellent visualization through the 5 Fr system. Stent sizes ranged from 2.25 to 4.00 mm in diameter and from 8 to 24 mm in length. All primary lesions were successfully treated. The average contrast use was 70 cc per case. There were no major complications and only one minor femoral hematoma. In selected patients, a balloon angioplasty and stent placement can be performed safely and successfully with 5 Fr guiding catheters using currently available products. This technique creates a smaller arterial puncture site, which may obviate the need for a closure device and allow early and safe ambulation. With 5 Fr systems, it appears that contrast usage is reduced, thereby potentially decreasing cost and morbidity. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 51:352‐357, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Computational reduction for noninvasive transmural electrophysiological imaging

Noninvasive transmural electrophysiological imaging (TEPI) combines body-surface electrocardiograms and image-derived anatomic data to compute subject-specific electrical activity and the relevant diseased substrates deep into the ventricular myocardium. Based on the Bayesian estimation where the priors come from probabilistic simulations of high dimensional EP models, TEPI engages intensive computation that hinders its clinical translation. We present a reduced-rank square-root (RRSR) algorithm for TEPI that reduces computational time by neglecting minor components of estimation uncertainty and improves numerical stability by the square-root structure. Phantom and real-data experiments demonstrate the ability of RRSR-TEPI to bring notable computational reduction without significant sacrifice of diagnostic efficacy, particularly in imaging and quantifying post-infarct substrates.
The Crab-like supernova remnants

About twenty galactic supernova remnants contain, or are suspected to contain, internal neutron stars. These are observed as pulsing sources or through radiation from surrounding synchrotron nebulae. The Crab Nebula is the most famous example. Similar, but less luminous, nebulae have been identified through radio and X-ray morphology and spectra. This review emphasizes the X-ray observations and is based on images obtained with the Einstein Observatory. These images are illustrated for most remnants and some have not been published previously. There is a great variety of observed characteristics. A typical SNR in this class appears as a patchy shell of hot gas with a contribution from an energetic pulsar at the center. Both the luminosity of the shell and the luminosity powered by the pulsar can vary over a wide range. Remnants reviewed range from the Crab, in which the pulsar-powered component is overwhelming, to RCW 103, in which a central object is marginally observed through a bright shell.
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of bacteria.

The development of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry methods for the characterization of bacteria is reviewed and discussed. The general use of MALDI for the characterization of large biomolecules led directly to obvious applications involving the analysis of isolated bacterial proteins. More surprising was the observation that MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry could be applied directly to crude cellular fractions or cellular suspensions and that the resulting data from such complex mixtures could provide evidence for chemotaxonomic classification. Versatility and the rapidity of analysis led to the rapid development of a number of MALDI-TOF methods involving bacteria. Examples of some of the applications covered in this review are the analysis of bacterial RNA and DNA, the detection of recombinant proteins, the characterization of targeted or unknown proteins, bacterial proteomics, the detection of virulence markers, and the very rapid characterization of bacteria at the genus, species, and strain level. The demonstrated capability of taxonomic classification at the strain level, using unprocessed cells, opens the possibility that MALDI-TOF and similar mass spectrometry approaches may contribute significantly to fulfilling emerging needs for the development of near real-time methods for the characterization of bacteria.
Complications of intraoperative radiation therapy

Abstract The ability to demonstrate an improvement in therapeutic ratio is critical in assessing new treatment modalities; an evaluation of treatment complications is essential for this purpose. We have studied the severe complications occurring after treatment with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the rectum. Four groups of patients were compared: Group 1 (80 patients) had treatment with surgery alone for mobile and resectable tumors, Group 2 (23 patients) had treatment with high dose preoperative irradiation followed by surgical resection for tumors which were fixed to adjacent structures and initially unresectable for cure; Group 3 (24 patients, primary disease) and Group 4 (17 patients, locally recurrent disease) had locally advanced tumors as in Group 2 but were treated with IORT after preoperative irradiation and attempted surgical resection. All but 3 complications occurred within one year of therapy. Severe complications were seen In 16% of patients in Group 1, 35% in Group 2, 21% in Group 3 and 47% in Group 4 (32% in Groups 3 and 4 combined). There was a statistically insignificant increase (p = .10) in the complication rate in all irradiated patients (locally advanced tumors) compared to surgery alone (clinically mobile tumors). These data indicate no increase in severe complications with the use of IORT. If the ongoing studies continue to show improved local control with the use of IORT, expanded use of this modality may be warranted.
The comparative cell cycle and metabolic effects of chemical treatments on root tip meristems. III. Chlorsulfuron

Intact and excised cultured pea roots (Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska) were treated with chlorsulfuron at concentrations ranging from 2.8 ×10−4 M to 2.8×10−6 M. At all concentrations this chemical was demonstrated to inhibit the progression of cells from G2 to mitosis (M) and secondarily from G1 to DNA synthesis (S). The S and M phases were not directly affected, but the transition steps into those phases were inhibited. Total protein synthesis was unaffected by treatment of intact roots with 2.8×10−6 M chlorsulfuron. RNA synthesis was inhibited by 43% over a 24-h treatment period. It is hypothesized that chlorsulfuron inhibits cell cycle progression by blocking the G2 and G1 transition points through inhibition of cell cycle specific RNA synthesis.
Finite geometries which contain dual affine planes

Abstract Finite geometries in which each plane is projective or dual affine over the field of two elements, or affine over the field of three elements, are studied. It is shown that no connected geometry can mix all three species of planes, and the geometries in which projective and dual affine planes occur are classified.
A model for creating a single stretch injury in murine biarticular muscle

We developed a single stretch injury model to create damage near the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) of the gastrocnemius muscle in mice. Our hypothesis was that magnitude of muscle injury could be controlled by stepped shortening of the Achilles tendon (AT) prior to a lengthening contraction. Increased shortening would result in a greater isometric torque deficit and morphological damage 24 hours post-injury. Sixteen mice were randomly assigned to sham or injury predicated on stepped increases in AT shortening. The AT was exposed and placed in a customized stainless steel roller-clamp system to achieve a specific level of shortening; 0 mm (resting length), 0.7 mm or 1.4 mm. Plantar flexors were stimulated to tetany with a needle electrode and then actively lengthened at 450°/sec from neutral to 75° of dorsiflexion. Passive and isometric torques were measured pre- and immediately post-injury. Isometric torque was measured again 24 h post-injury. Peak isokinetic torque was recorded during eccentric injury. Injury resulted in decreased passive and immediate absolute isometric torque only when induced with AT shortening. The percentage of pre-injury isometric torque was significantly lower in the AT shortened groups immediately and 24 h post-injury, but was unaffected by the level of shortening. Relative isometric torque deficits were noted in the 0 mm group only 24 h post-injury. Peak isokinetic torque during injury was similar in all groups. Histological evaluation 24 h post-injury revealed increased morphological damage near the MTJ in the AT shortened groups. Single stretch with AT shortening created morphological damage near the MTJ and isometric torque deficits immediately and 24 h post-injury, but the magnitude of damage could not be titrated with stepped increases in AT shortening. This model provides an opportunity to utilize transgenic mice in order to elucidate inflammatory mediators that promote regeneration and inhibit fibrosis in order to optimize therapeutic interventions for complete functional recovery.
Panel - measuring the impacts of project-based service learning in engineering education

Project-based service learning (PBSL) has become an emergent opportunity for engineering education. There are a number of national programs that provide opportunities to incorporate PBSL in engineering. The problem - there are scant findings on the impacts of these programs on engineering education. However, preliminary findings suggest that PBSL 1) retains students; 2) increases female representation; and 3) offers an opportunity to fulfill a variety of ABET learning outcomes including students' preparation to practice engineering design. A Summit was held in early 2009 to gather, summarize, and leverage the expertise of participants to identify desired outcome metrics, quality assessment methods, and key next steps needed in understanding the impacts of PBSL. The goal of this paper, as well as the upcoming panel, is to review both curricular and extracurricular community service activities related to engineering. The panel hopes to continue and expand the discussion initiated in the recent Summit; specifically acquiring the views of non-Summit participants to augment Summit findings.
Condom Availability in New York City Schools

Despite strong protests from a minority group of critics the New York City Board of Education adopted a measure February 27 1991 approving universal availability of condoms in city high schools to students without the need for parental consent. This expanded HIV education program allows the systems 261000 students in 120 public high schools to procure condoms from any of 17 clinics and any teacher or staff member volunteering for the program. While a few small U.S. school districts have implemented such programs in efforts to curb the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases infections and unwanted pregnancies this move by New York citys enormous school district could set the trend for similar action by other large school systems. The Centers for Disease Control document 691 cases of AIDS in youths aged 13-19 and 7303 among those aged 20-24. More than 20% of U.S. AIDS cases are among those aged 20-29. Given the long incubation period for HIV many if not most of these case probably stem from HIV infection during the teenage years. New York City accounts for 20% of all reported AIDS cases among youths aged 13-21 placing New York teens at disproportionate risk for infection. The number of infected adolescents doubles every 14 months. More than adults these youths are likely to have contracted HIV through heterosexual contact instead of through IV-drug use or homosexual intercourse. Making condoms readily and confidentially available to adolescents youths vulnerable to HIV infection will no longer fail to procure them due to embarrassment fear of resistance from store clerks and cost. The Youth News Service reveals youths to have been most supportive of the new program for several months and anxious for its implementation. A random poll of adults found support for condom distribution in high schools and junior high schools to be 64% and 47% respectively.