cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barbiturate studies. II. Correlation between clinical condition and blood barbiturate levels.

2, '• 8 Thus, rapid and reliable chemical data are available to corroborate the diagnosis of barbiturate intoxication. However, there are little available data on the correlation between the patient's clinical condition and his blood bar­ biturate level. It is difficult, therefore, to determine if a patient's clinical condi­ tion is due to barbiturate intoxication alone or whether other complicating factors are present. Fisher, 1 Wright, 9 Reed 5 and Roche 6 have presented data on blood barbiturate levels and the clinical condition of patients. Relatively few cases cited by these investigators were followed beyond the initial analysis and observation. This study concerns the clinical condition of barbiturate intoxicated patients as a function of their blood barbiturate levels. Where urine samples were avail­ able, renal excretion was studied. METHODS Blood samples were drawn at various intervals from patients admitted to several Cleveland hospitals with barbiturate intoxication. The samples were drawn upon admission, 12 hours after admission and at 24-hour intervals there­ after. The clinical condition of the patient was noted and categorized each time when blood was drawn for analysis. The blood samples were analyzed, using Goldbaum's technic, 2 which determines both the amount and type of barbiturate present. Whenever possible, 24-hour urine samples were also collected and analyzed to ascertain renal excretion.
Clinical dangers of psychological theorizing. The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

A patient with a 33-year history of Tourette's Syndrome who was finally successfully treated with haloperidol is presented to illustrate the erroneous reading of symptoms and the harmful consequences resulting from the medical vogue of attributing psychological cause to diseases of unknown etiology.
Development of the Perithecium in Aspergillus Fischeri Wehmer, with a Description of Crozier Formation

Aspergillus Fischeri Wehmer is one of three ascosporic species of Aspergillus recently obtained in our laboratory on tea leaves by Mrs. Ruth Ellis Allen. The writer obtained the fungus in culture from Mrs. Allen, whose paper surveying the three abovementioned species is being prepared for publication. Aspergillus Fischeri Wehmer is an ascosporic species occurring in the A. fumigatus group. We are indebted to Dr. Kenneth Raper for the identification of this species. The present paper describes the morphology and cytology of perithecial development in Aspergillus Fischeri, with a detailed account of crozier formation. Professor John N. Couch first discovered the presence of croziers in this fungus and found that he could best demonstrate them by dissecting the young perithecia under the microscope, rather than by preparing microtome sections. With this in mind, the writer has developed, and will later describe, a rather simple method for preparing slides for cytological study of crozier formation in Aspergillus. Apparently, croziers have been overlooked in many Ascomycetes because the investigator has relied too much upon sectioned material. Dangeard (3), in 1907, described perithecial development in a species which he identified as Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius, but did not observe crozier formation here. Since DeLamater (4) found that croziers were formed in Arachniotus, one of the lowest of the Euascomycetes, it is not at all surprising that they are found in Aspergillus. Emmons (5, 6) has already reported
Inducible gene deletion in glial cells to study angiogenesis in the central nervous system

Most organs and tissues of the vertebrate body harbor elaborate network of blood vessels with diverse functions that are determined, in part, by cues within the local environment (Warren and Iruela-Arispe, Curr Opin Hematol 17:213-218, 2010). How vascular endothelial cells decipher these cues to promote normal blood vessel development and physiology remains largely uncharacterized. In this review, we will focus on genetic strategies to analyze glial regulation of blood vessel growth and sprouting within the microenvironment of the retina, a component of the central nervous system (CNS) that contains a complex web of blood vessels with many unique features, including a blood-retinal barrier (Abbott et al., Nat Rev Neurosci 7:41-53, 2006). Blood vessels promote retinal development and homeostasis and alterations in vascular functions can lead to various developmental and adult-onset retinal pathologies (Fruttiger, Angiogenesis 10:77-88, 2007). How glial cells control retinal endothelial cell growth and sprouting remains largely uncharacterized. We will detail methodologies involving inducible Cre-lox technologies to acutely ablate genes of interest in CNS glial cells. These methods allow for precise spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression to study how glial cells in the retinal microenvironment control angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier development.
CGP-48506 increases contractility of ventricular myocytes and myofilaments by effects on actin-myosin reaction

We measured the effects of the benzodiazocine derivative, CGP-48506 (5-methyl-6-phenyl-1,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3,6-methano-1, 5-benzodiazocine-2,4-dione), on contraction of intact myocytes and permeabilized fibers of rat ventricular muscle. CGP-48506 is unique in that it is able to sensitize cardiac myofilaments to Ca2+, but unlike all other agents in this class, it is not an inhibitor of type III phosphodiesterase. When added to isolated intact myocytes, CGP-48506 significantly increased the amplitude of cell shortening with little or no change in the Ca2+ transient, as determined by the fluorescence ratio of fura 2. The late phase of the relation between fura 2 ratio and cell length was shifted to the left in the presence of CGP-48506. CGP-48506 also induced a relatively small decrease in diastolic length. However, compared with the thiadiazinone EMD-57033, CGP-48506 had a much smaller effect on diastolic length at concentrations in which there was a bigger inotropic effect. When added to solutions bathing detergent-extracted (skinned) fiber bundles, CGP-48506 increased maximum force. CGP-48506 also increased submaximal force and shifted the pGa-force relation to the left. However, compared with EMD-57033, there was less of an effect of CGP-48506 on force at relatively high pCa values. CGP-48506 did not alter Ca2+ binding to myofilament troponin C. CGP-48506 was able to reverse inhibition of contraction induced by butanedione monoxime both in intact cells and in skinned fiber bundles. Our results indicate that CGP-48506, like EMD-57033, is a positive inotropic agent working through a direct effect downstream from troponin C. CGP-48506, however, appears to have a unique mechanism resulting in less effect on diastolic function.
BRAIN DOPAMINE AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR AN ANTAGONISM BETWEEN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS

DA blockade decreases the active, but increases the immobility component of sexual behavior. A similar antagonism is seen in the effects of activating and immobilizing stimuli on DA cell activity in the substantia nigra.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms across the deployment cycle: A latent transition analysis.

Our objective was to examine symptom-level changes in the course in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across the deployment cycle among combat-exposed Marines, and to determine the degree to which combat exposure and post-deployment stressor exposure predicted PTSD symptom profile transitions. We examined PTSD symptoms in a cohort of U.S. Marines (N = 892) recruited for the Marine Resiliency Study (MRS). Marines deployed as one battalion infantry unit to Afghanistan in 2010 and were assessed pre-deployment and one, five, and eight months post-deployment. We employed latent transition analysis (LTA) to examine Marines' movement across PTSD symptom profiles, determined by latent class analysis (LCA). LCAs revealed a 3-class solution one month pre-deployment, a 4-class solution at five months post-deployment, and a 3-class solution at eight months post-deployment. LTA revealed notable movement between classes over time, which depended chiefly on pre-deployment symptom presentation. Marines who reported few pre-deployment symptoms either maintained these low levels or returned to low levels by eight months. Marines who reported a moderate number of symptoms at pre-deployment had variable outcomes; 50% had reductions by eight months, and those who reported numbing symptoms at five months post-deployment tended to report more symptoms at eight months. Marines who reported more PTSD symptoms prior to deployment retained more symptoms eight months post-deployment. Combat exposure and post-deployment stressor exposure predicted profile transitions. Examining transitions between latent class membership over time revealed prognostic information about Marines' eight-month PTSD outcomes. The extent of pre-deployment PTSD symptoms was particularly informative of likely PTSD outcomes.
Prevalence of aortocoronary graft marker use and the factors affecting this decision.

Background: Despite quantifiable evidence that aortocoronary graft marker (ACGM) insertion is associated with a beneficial impact at postoperative angiography, the choice whether or not to insert them at the time of bypass surgery remains optional. Methods: A onetime anonymous membership survey of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons was used to determine the prevalence of ACGM use and obtain demographic data regarding (1) the type of ACGM inserted, (2) reasons influencing the decision as to whether or not to use ACGMs, and (3) the occurrence of possible related complications. Results: Thirty-nine percent (1,405 of 3,558) and 37% (198 of 531) were returned from within and outside the Unites States, respectively. Sixty percent of US respondents routinely insert ACGMs in the majority of their individual cases. The most frequent reason to not insert ACGMs was a “lack of perceived benefit.” Conclusions: The majority of respondents practicing within the United States routinely insert ACGMs at the time of surgery. As no complication directly attributable to the use of graft markers has been reported, further study is warranted to determine the actual complication rate, although it is expected to be low.
Identity Research in Higher Education: Commonalities, Differences, and Complementarities

The role of identity in higher education research exists in a paradoxical intellectual space. On the one hand, the very notion of identity means, as its Latin root idem betrays, being the same; on the other hand, the concept of identity has become, practically, ideologically, and intellectually, a political notion that posits difference as much as uniformity (Gergen, 1991). Modern notions of identity thus have the paradoxical nature of both being a property of a self, and a property given to a self based on association with others.
Stereoscopic vision in vehicle navigation.

Traffic sign (TS) detection and tracking is one of the main tasks of an autonomous vehicle which is addressed in the field of computer vision. An autonomous vehicle must have vision based recognition of the road to follow the rules like every other vehicle on the road. Besides, TS detection and tracking can be used to give feedbacks to the driver. This can significantly increase safety in making driving decisions. For a successful TS detection and tracking changes in weather and lighting conditions should be considered. Also, the camera is in motion, which results in image distortion and motion blur. In this work a fast and robust method is proposed for tracking the stop signs in videos taken with stereoscopic cameras that are mounted on the car. Using camera parameters and the detected sign, the distance between the stop sign and the vehicle is calculated. This calculated distance can be widely used in building visual driver-assistance systems.
The Fund Agreement in the Courts: XVI

El Tribunal Arbitral para el Acuerdo sobre la Deuda Externa Alemana ha dictado un laudo, por cuatro votos contra tres, en un caso en el cual los Gobiernos de Belgica, Francia, Estados Unidos, el Reino Unido y Suiza fueron demandantes, y el Gobierno de la Republica Federal de Alemania, demandado. Se trataba de dirimir si la expresion “la moneda menos depreciada” que aparece en el Acuerdo de Londres sobre la Deuda Externa Alemana, 1953, como la norma para calcular los pagos, era aplicable al marco aleman cuando este fue revaluado en 1961 y 1969. La mayoria concluyo que la expresion no podia ser entendida asi. Una de las principales razones aducidas se baso en el supuesto de que los negociadores del Acuerdo habian querido que este se conformara al sistema monetario internacional de aquellos anos. La expresion, por consiguiente, tenia que ser entendida a la luz del sistema de paridades. De acuerdo con este sistema, el resultado de la apreciacion de una moneda en relacion con el oro como denominador comun no era la depreciacion de todas las demas monedas frente al denominador comun. La minoria, en cambio, concluyo que no habia habido intencion de conformar el Acuerdo al Convenio del Fondo, y que el resultado de la apreciacion de una moneda si era la depreciacion de todas las demas monedas, de modo que se podia sostener que una moneda apreciada era la menos depreciada.
Enabling Reliable Change Detection for Independently Compressed SAR Images

This paper develops distortion metrics for compressed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from change detection test statistics. These metrics are used to predict lossy image compression’s impact on change detection performance. The metrics do not require the intended change detection comparison image to provide these benefits. An SAR compression system leveraging the distortion metrics is proposed. The system generates a bad-pixel mask highlighting potential false alarms that are generated due to compression and are subsequently discarded in the change detection process. The proposed system’s performance is demonstrated through noncoherent change detection analysis after JPEG2000 and JPEG image compression. Similarly, a coherent change detection system is evaluated after JPEG2000 image compression. For noncoherent change detection at large compression ratios (CRs) using JPEG2000, the proposed system provides a 33% reduction in false alarms at a 0.1 probability of detection as well as the ability to maintain near-distortionless false alarm rates across a wide range of CRs. At a 0.1 probability of detection for coherent change detection, the system provides a 37% reduction in false alarms at modest CRs. The coherent change detection system is also demonstrated to maintain low false alarm rates across a range of CRs.
Nanoprocess and nanoscale surface functionalization on cathode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries

Nanotechnology-driven development of cathode materials is an essential part to revolutionize the evolution of the next generation lithium ion batteries. With the progress of nanoprocess and nanoscale surface modification investigations on cathode materials in recent years, the advanced battery technology future seems very promising - Thanks to nanotechnology. In this review, an overview of promising nanoscale surface deposition methods and their significance in surface functionalization on cathodes is extensively summarized. Surface modified cathodes are provided with a protective layer to overcome the electrochemical performance limitations related to side reactions with electrolytes, reduce self-discharge reactions, improve thermal and structural stability, and further enhance the overall battery performance. The review addresses the importance of nanoscale surface modification on battery cathodes and concludes with a comparison of the different nanoprocess techniques discussed to provide a direction in the race to build advanced lithium-ion batteries.
Hydration Energies and Reactivity of the Hypohalite Anions.

Herein is a dissection of the energetic contributions to a correlation between the rates and driving forces for oxygen atom transfer from three inorganic peroxides to the halides. Experimental data...
Cerenkov luminescence imaging under ambient lighting conditions for intraoperative applications (Conference Presentation)

Cerenkov luminescence (CL), optical radiation induced by PET radiotracers, has shown promise as a means to visualize tumor margins during surgery. However, detecting this faint optical signal under ambient lighting conditions represents a major challenge. We have developed an ambient light CL imaging system that uses a sensitive imaging detector, custom electronic control board, and an LED illumination array. By gating both LED illumination and imaging detector, we have demonstrated that is possible to image faint Cerenkov-emitting sources in a perceptually well-lit room, without harm to the sensitive detector. System performance was characterized by imaging 18F radionuclide solution contained in 10 mm well plates, ranging in activity from >1 MBq to 30 µW/cm2. Both detector and LED illumination were gated at 30 Hz with 10 ms active duty cycles. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was computed from ROIs drawn over activity-containing wells. Though CNR decreased with increasing illumination levels, an activity of 240 kBq, was unambiguously detectable with gated illumination of 37 µW/cm2 (equivalent to typical indoor light levels) and an activity of <24 kBq was unambiguously detectable with gated illumination of 2 µW/cm2. Furthermore, we have characterized sources of noise for the imaging system, which have provided insight into strategies for optimization in anticipation of use in an intraoperative setting.
Vertical Transmission of Listeria monocytogenes: Probing the Balance between Protection from Pathogens and Fetal Tolerance

Protection of the developing fetus from pathogens is one of the many critical roles of the placenta. Listeria monocytogenes is one of a select number of pathogens that can cross the placental barrier and cause significant harm to the fetus, leading to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm labor, and disseminated neonate infection despite antibiotic treatment. Such severe outcomes serve to highlight the importance of understanding how L. monocytogenes mediates infiltration of the placental barrier. Here, we review what is currently known regarding vertical transmission of L. monocytogenes as a result of cell culture and animal models of infection. In vitro cell culture and organ models have been useful for the identification of L. monocytogenes virulence factors that contribute to placental invasion. Examples include members of the Internalin family of bacterial surface proteins such as Interalin (Inl)A, InlB, and InlP that promote invasion of cells at the maternal-fetal interface. A number of animal models have been used to interrogate L. monocytogenes vertical transmission, including mice, guinea pigs, gerbils, and non-human primates; each of these models has advantages while still not providing a comprehensive understanding of L. monocytogenes invasion of the human placenta and/or fetus. These models do, however, allow for the molecular investigation of the balance between fetal tolerance and immune protection from L. monocytogenes during pregnancy.
Cyclic Variation of Cerebral Pial Arteriolar Diameter Synchronized with Positive—Pressure Inhalation

Laboratory observations have noted that during normocapnia and intact vascular tone, changes in the intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) recordings are not similar. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether: 1) the diameter of cerebral pial arterioles synchronously increases during positive pressure inhalation and decreases during the expiration phase of ventilation; and 2) the variation in arteriolar diameter is greater when vascular tone is intact than when arterioles are maximally dilated. Severe hypercapnia was induced by prolonged ventilation with gas mixture of 20% O2, 10% CO2, and 70% N2 in 8 piglets. S-VHS recordings of 3600X magnification of nine pial arterioles were obtained during conditions of normal vascular tone and severe hypercapnia and digitally analyzed by an image-averaging method. Variation of the amplitude of arteriolar diameter over the ventilation cycle was computed and found to synchronously increase during positive pressure inhalation and to decrease to a steady state baseline during passive expiration. Mean amplitude of variation in diameter (± S.D.) during normal tone and hypercapnia was computed as 1.63 (±0.693) urn and 1.012 (±0.869) urn respectively and found to be significantly greater during the condition of normal vascular tone than during hypercapnia (p <.006). These results suggest that a cyclic variation of arteriolar blood volume is one causal factor related to the low frequency variation of the baseline of ICP associated with positive pressure ventilation.
Student Support Services: the impact the frequency of services has on the retention and graduation rates of white and students of color

This study was conducted to research the background of the Student Support Services Program and its capability as a retention program at a predominantly White institution. The Student Support Services Program was originally funded under Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA) of 1965 as Special Services for Disadvantaged Students. This name was changed to the current Student Support Services Program in 1972, when the original programs were transferred from the Office of Economic Opportunity to the Office of Higher Education Programs. Very few research studies have been conducted to ascertain why and how Student Support Services work to retain students, especially students of color, although numerous statistical data have gathered throughout the years. Therefore, this study was conducted specifically to determine if the length of time eligible students spend in the Student Support Services Program increases their persistence and graduation rates. The population of the study was comprised of 600 Student Support Services program participants who were enrolled at Iowa State University from 1983 1999. Three major findings indicate that the number of contact hours has a positive influence on (1) grade point average, (2) total credit hours attempted, and (3) the propensity to graduate from the institution in a reasonable amount of time. As an outcome of the study, a retention model is presented for future use by student support services professionals as well as researchers who are interested in conducting further study. As an outcome of this study an array of ideas will be generated and presented for future use by student support services professionals as well as researchers who are interested in conducting further study.
Explicit Verbal Sexual Consent Communication: Effects of Gender, Relationship Status, and Type of Sexual Behavior

Objectives: College students believe that they are supposed to be explicit and verbal in their sexual consent communication. We examined various contexts to determine when sexual consent is likely ...
Analysis of the fluorescence of mechanically processed defect-laden hexagonal boron nitride and the role of oxygen in catalyst deactivation

The use of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as a non-metal heterogeneous catalyst has been a popular subject in research since the discovery of its catalytic properties in 2016. Previous work found t...
‘Beauty Does Not Own Itself’: Coetzee’s Feminist Critique of Platonic and Kantian Aesthetics

J.M. Coetzee’s novels frequently comment on male preoccupation with female beauty that often leads to women’s disempowerment. Giles provides critical insight into Coetzee’s interrogation of Platonic ideas of love and Kantian disinterested aesthetics, inflected by Cervantes and Samuel Richardson, in her examination of three novels: Disgrace, Slow Man, and The Schooldays of Jesus. Arguing that Coetzee engages the question of whether a ‘male-writer-pornographer’ can represent power and desire ethically and philosophically, Giles observes that the novels exhibit a desire to take ownership, as a man, of male violence against women by examining the forces behind that violence. Reading Coetzee as performing a postcritical feminist critique of the traditional aesthetics that ignored sexual politics, she concludes that for Coetzee there is no disinterested aesthetic.
Vascular regulation of antitumor immunity.

Blood and lymphatic vessels regulate antitumor immunity through direct and indirect mechanisms, providing new opportunities for improving cancer immunotherapy.
"Hello AI": Uncovering the Onboarding Needs of Medical Practitioners for Human-AI Collaborative Decision-Making

Although rapid advances in machine learning have made it increasingly applicable to expert decision-making, the delivery of accurate algorithmic predictions alone is insufficient for effective human-AI collaboration. In this work, we investigate the key types of information medical experts desire when they are first introduced to a diagnostic AI assistant. In a qualitative lab study, we interviewed 21 pathologists before, during, and after being presented deep neural network (DNN) predictions for prostate cancer diagnosis, to learn the types of information that they desired about the AI assistant. Our findings reveal that, far beyond understanding the local, case-specific reasoning behind any model decision, clinicians desired upfront information about basic, global properties of the model, such as its known strengths and limitations, its subjective point-of-view, and its overall design objective--what it's designed to be optimized for. Participants compared these information needs to the collaborative mental models they develop of their medical colleagues when seeking a second opinion: the medical perspectives and standards that those colleagues embody, and the compatibility of those perspectives with their own diagnostic patterns. These findings broaden and enrich discussions surrounding AI transparency for collaborative decision-making, providing a richer understanding of what experts find important in their introduction to AI assistants before integrating them into routine practice.
Heparin potentiates Avastin-mediated inhibition of VEGF binding to fibronectin and rescues Avastin activity at acidic pH.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) plays a critical role in stimulating angiogenesis in normal and disease states. Anti-VEGF antibodies have been developed to manage pathological angiogenesis. Bevacizumab, sold under the brand name Avastin, is a humanized mAb that binds VEGF and blocks its binding to its signaling receptor, VEGF receptor 2, and is used to treat patients with a variety of cancers or retinal disorders. The ability of Avastin to modulate other nonreceptor interactions of VEGF has not been fully defined. In this study, we investigated Avastin's capacity to modulate VEGF165 binding to porcine aortic endothelial cells and to heparin and fibronectin (FN) across a range of pH values (pH 5–8). We observed that Avastin slightly enhanced VEGF binding to heparin and that heparin increased VEGF binding to Avastin. In contrast, Avastin inhibited VEGF binding to cells and FN, yet Avastin could still bind to VEGF that was bound to FN, indicating that these binding events are not mutually exclusive. Avastin binding to VEGF was dramatically reduced at acidic pH values (pH 5.0–6.5), whereas VEGF binding to FN and nonreceptor sites on cells was enhanced. Interestingly, the reduced Avastin–VEGF binding at acidic pH was rescued by heparin, as was Avastin's ability to inhibit VEGF binding to cells. These results suggest that heparin might be used to expand the clinical utility of Avastin. Our findings highlight the importance of defining the range of VEGF interactions to fully predict antibody activity within a complex biological setting.
Personalized genealogical history inferred from biobank-scale IBD segments

When modern biobanks collect genotype information for a significant fraction of a population, dense genetic connections of a person can be traced using identity by descent (IBD) segments. These connections offer opportunities to characterize individuals in the context of the underlying populations. Here, we conducted an individual-centric analysis of IBDs among the UK Biobank participants that represent 0.7% of the UK population. On average, one UK individual shares IBDs over 5 cM with 14,000 UK Biobank participants, which we refer to as "cousins". Using these segments, approximately 80% of a person9s genome can be reconstructed. Also, using changes of cousin counts sharing IBDs at different lengths, we identified a group, potentially British Jews, who has a distinct pattern of familial expansion history. Finally, using the enrichment of cousins in one9s neighborhood, we identified regional variations of personal preference favoring living closer to one9s extended families. In summary, our analysis revealed genetic makeup, personal genealogical history, and social behaviors at population scale, opening possibilities for further studies of individual9s genetic connections in biobank data.
Parametric optimization of a frequency-up-conversion piezoelectric harvester via discontinuous analysis:

In this study, the dynamical and electrical behaviors of an impact-based frequency-up-conversion energy harvester were studied based on discontinuous dynamics theory. This analytical study enables ...
Maternal weight gain and neonatal outcomes in women with class III obesity

Objective: Obesity in the USA continues to be a prominent medical and public health concern. Due to increasing rates of maternal obesity, the current Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines recommen...
Probing the Open Global Health Chemical Diversity Library for Multistage-Active Starting Points for Next-Generation Antimalarials

Most phenotypic screens aiming to discover new antimalarial chemotypes begin with low cost, high-throughput tests against the asexual blood stage (ABS) of the malaria parasite life cycle. Compounds...
Barbed sutures reduce arthrotomy closure duration compared to interrupted conventional sutures for total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial

The broad aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of using barbed sutures versus standard-of-care sutures for closure of arthrotomy during total knee arthroplasty. Specifically, we compared the duration of arthrotomy closure, the number of sutures utilized for arthrotomy closure, and 90-day outcomes, including wound-related readmission, reoperation, and complications. A total of 60 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were enrolled in a prospective, blinded trial and randomized to receive either running closure of the arthrotomy with barbed sutures (n = 30) or interrupted closure with standard-of-care sutures (n = 30). Arthrotomy closure time was significantly shorter in the barbed suture group (3 min ± 2 min) versus the standard-of-care group (13 min ± 5 min, p < 0.001). The average suture utilization for arthrotomy closure was 1 suture (range 1–2) versus 3 sutures (range 2–4) in the standard-of-care group (p < 0.001). The overall number of wound-related complications in the barbed suture group was 3/30 (10%) versus 3/30 (10%) in the standard-of-care group (p = 1.00). There was one dehiscence 1/30 (3%) in the standard-of-care group versus zero in the barbed suture group (p = 1.00). The rate of superficial surgical site infection was 1/30 (3%) in barbed suture versus zero in the standard-of-care groups (p = 1.00). These results suggest barbed suture utilization may be faster and more resource-efficient than the use of standard-of-care sutures for arthrotomy closure in primary total knee arthroplasty without increased complications. NCT03285529
A Myoelectric Control Interface for Upper-Limb Robotic Rehabilitation Following Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a widespread, life-altering injury leading to impairment of sensorimotor function that, while once thought to be permanent, is now being treated with the hope of one day being able to restore function. Surface electromyography (EMG) presents an opportunity to examine and promote human engagement at the neuromuscular level, enabling new protocols for intervention that could be combined with robotic rehabilitation, particularly when robot motion or force sensing may be unusable due to the user’s impairment. In this paper, a myoelectric control interface to an exoskeleton for the elbow and wrist was evaluated on a population of ten able-bodied participants and four individuals with cervical-level SCI. The ability of an EMG classifier to discern intended direction of motion in single-degree-of-freedom (DoF) and multi-DoF control modes was assessed for usability in a therapy-like setting. The classifier demonstrated high accuracy for able-bodied participants (averages over 99% for single-DoF and near 90% for multi-DoF), and performance in the SCI group was promising, warranting further study (averages ranging from 85% to 95% for single-DoF, and variable multi-DoF performance averaging around 60%). These results are encouraging for the future use of myoelectric interfaces in robotic rehabilitation for SCI.
Experimental evidence for intense vortical structures in grid turbulence

The vortical structure of homogeneous turbulence is the subject of this paper. Unsteady, three dimensional vorticity is the essential attribute of turbulence. The question we address here is the distribution of this vorticity. We know that turbulence exhibits strong intermittency. Is this intermittency intertwined with an intense vortical structure? Figure 1 shows an instantaneous cross-sectional view of the turbulent flow behind a grid. The figure summarizes our notion of what homogeneous isotropic turbulence is. There is a multitude of scales, seemingly randomly distributed. There is a multitude of structures, seemingly randomly oriented. And, when observed in sequence, the pictures are changing seemingly randomly in time. The question here is if there are basic building blocks in the flow and if so, what their structures might be. A common view is that there are coherent structures which ought to be the building blocks. As to what they are seems to depend on the flow. In particular, homogeneous isotropic turbulence, which is the most studied of turbulent flows (Batchelor [1]), presents the stiffest challenge for confirmation due to the lack of large-scale vortical structures like those in shear flows. In this regard, numerical studies are ahead of experimentation. Experimentally, the question translates first to identifying and second to quantifying the building block in figure 1.
The Potential of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning to Advance Clinical Research and Change the Practice of Medicine.

Dmitry Solenov, PhD, (above), is in the Department of Physics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri. Jay Brieler, MD, and Jeffrey F. Scherrer, PhD, are in the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Contact: ude.uls@vonelos.yrtimd Open in a separate window Disclosure None reported.
Diagrammatic approach for analytical non-Markovian time evolution: Fermi's two-atom problem and causality in waveguide quantum electrodynamics

Non-Markovian time evolution of quantum systems is a challenging problem, often mitigated by employing numerical methods or making simplifying assumptions. In this work, we address this problem in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) by developing a diagrammatic approach, which performs fully analytical non-Markovian time evolution of single-photon states. By revisiting Fermi's two-atom problem, we tackle the impeding question of whether the rotating-wave approximation violates causality in single-photon waveguide QED. Afterward, we introduce and prove the no upper half-plane poles (no-UHP) theorem, which connects the poles of scattering parameters to the causality principle. Finally, we visualize the time-delayed coherent quantum feedback mediated by the field and discuss the Markovian limit for microscopically separated qubits where short-distance causality violations occur and the emergence of collective decay rates in this limit. Our diagrammatic approach is a method to perform exact and analytical non-Markovian time evolution of multiemitter systems in waveguide QED.
Investigating Navigational Behavior Patterns of Students Across At-Risk Categories Within an Open-Ended Serious Game

An open-ended serious game can engage students’ scientific problem-solving processes. However, understanding how students learn higher-order thinking skills through solving a problem in an open-ended game system is a challenge. The complex game systems may make learning more difficult for students with different characteristics such as an at-risk label. Recent research stresses the importance of using gameplay data to better understand diverse individuals’ learning behaviors and performances in the context of serious games. We analyzed gameplay data of a serious game called Alien Rescue to identify navigation behavior patterns between at-risk and non-at-risk middle school students. Particularly, we incorporated the combination of lag sequential analysis and sequential pattern mining in statistical analyses. The results revealed that the non-at-risk and at-risk students used problem-solving strategies differently when they navigated the environment. The findings using this integrated method confirmed that additional support was needed for at-risk students in order for them to develop contextual and procedural knowledge for problem-solving in the game environment. The findings provide methodological guidelines for researchers considering a sequential analysis as well as offer practical guidelines for game designers to consider when designing serious games with a complex problem so as to help at-risk students.
Investigating the Role of Computing in General Education Requirements

General education requirements delineate the core requirements that all students of a particular university must complete in order to graduate. These requirements are often indicative of how an institution views its core mission, leading to vastly different requirements at schools serving different student populations. Among institutions with a computing requirement, the expectations vary widely; some schools mandate programming courses for all students, while others require only a computer literacy course. As movements like CS for All seek to increase students' exposure to computing, potentially affecting general education requirements, it would be beneficial for universities to have a clear picture of what computing requirements exist and how common they are. We therefore propose an analysis to address the question of what computing's role is in the general education requirements of 4-year institutions in the United States. How common are computing requirements in the general education requirements? What is the nature of the requirement (e.g., programming vs. computer literacy) How do these requirements differ by institutional profile? We plan to analyze the course catalogues and general education requirements of approximately 100 randomly selected institutions. We will collect data on requirements that reference computing, including the number of courses or credits required in computing and in the entire general education core. We also plan to record specific courses that satisfy the computing requirement, as well as recommended courses for completing the requirement when the catalog contains such information.
External Labeling of Cell Surface Carbohydrates

An increasing amount of evidence indicates that control of growth behavior and proliferation of animal cells depend on their profiles of surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is also likely that the organization and assemblage of glycoprotein and glycolipid in membranes can be correlated with tumorigenicity and immunogenicity of animal cells (for reviews see Ginsburg and Kobata, 1971; Hakomori, 1973). The reasons for believing that complex carbohydrates on cell surfaces play important roles in controlling cell division and cellular recognition are that the structure, composition, and organization of these components change in association with “contact inhibition” (Hakomori, 1970; Robbins and Macpherson, 1971; Sakiyama et al., 1972; Critchley and Macpherson, 1973), cell aggregation (Moscona, 1973; Henkart et al., 1973; Roth et al., 1971; Gottlieb et al., 1974), mitotic cell cycle (Chatterjee et al., 1973; Gahmberg and Hakomori, 1974), and malignant transformation (for reviews see Brady and Fishman, 1974; Hakomori, 1975). In these processes, only those structures that are exposed to the external environment of cells can receive and transmit extracellular informations and only these structures can be recognized by other cells or extracellular molecules. The surface-exposed carbohydrates of cells are, therefore, of great cell-biological significance, and it has become increasingly important to elucidate the exposed chemical structures.
Navigating the Self in Diverse Work Contexts

Navigating the self is critical for working in a diverse world, in which different identities interact in social space. This chapter presents five theoretical perspectives on how individuals navigate the self in diverse organizational contexts—social identity, critical identity, (role) identity, narrative-as-identity, and identity work. We review these five prominent theoretical perspectives on identity processes in diverse contexts to explicate various ways in which individuals actively participate in the co-construction of their identities in diverse contexts. As a next step in research, identity, diversity, and relationship scholars are encouraged to inquire into the generativity of proposed tactics for navigating the self in order to identify pathways for cultivating more positive identities in diverse work settings. The examination of positive relational identities is considered a promising path for further inquiry in this domain.
Convergence and extrusion driven by non-muscle myosin II are required for normal fusion of the mammalian secondary palate.

Fusion of two distinct embryonic prominences to form a single continuous structure occurs in numerous developmental contexts and typically requires integration of two epithelia and subsequent remov...
Complexity of Network Training for Classes of Neural Networks

It is known that the problem of training certain specific, very simple neural networks is NP-complete. While such results suggest that training is equally hard for larger, as well as differently configured networks, this conclusion is by no means self-evident. The main result of this paper is that it is NP-complete to train any specific architecture or class of architectures. On the other hand, it is also shown that a simple 4-node network (with two hidden and two output units) can be trained in polynomial time if the target network function is assumed to be surjective. This remains true for networks of any size, on the condition that the number of ouput units is at least equal to the number of units in the first computing layer. Thus, with a mild restriction placed on the class of target functions, training certain large networks may be easier than training smaller ones.
The intersection of sex and race in the presence of deep-level attributes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanisms by which decisions about others are affected by the information known about them. The authors argue that the availability of information about deep-level attributes diminishes the role of surface-level attributes in how people make decisions about others. The authors posit that individuals will make discriminatory decisions based on surface-level attributes when only this information is available; but, as predicted by the integration-and-learning perspective, the availability of information about deep-level attributes will reduce surface-level attribute discrimination. Although discrimination will not disappear completely, it will shift its focal point toward a person’s deep-level attributes. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from subjects in two studies, with 52 subjects in Study 1 and 230 in Study 2. Paired-samples t-test and mixed effects GLS regression were used to test the hypotheses. Findings – When presented with surfa...
Opposing shear senses in a subdetachment mylonite zone: Implications for core complex mechanics

[1] Global studies of metamorphic core complexes and low-angle detachment faults have highlighted a fundamental problem: Since detachments excise crustal section, the relationship between the mylonitic rocks in their footwalls and the brittle deformation in their hanging walls is commonly unclear. Mylonites could either reflect ductile deformation related to exhumation along the detachment fault, or they could be a more general feature of the extending middle crust that has been “captured” by the detachment. In the first case we would expect the kinematics of the mylonite zone to mirror the sense of movement on the detachment; in the second case both the direction and sense of shear in the mylonites could be different. The northern Snake Range decollement (NSRD) is a classic Basin and Range detachment fault with a well-documented top-east of displacement. We present structural, paleomagnetic, geochronological, and geothermometric evidence to suggest that the mylonite zone below the NSRD locally experienced phases of both east- and west-directed shear, inconsistent with movement along a single detachment fault. We therefore propose that the footwall mylonites represent a predetachment discontinuity in the middle crust that separated localized deformation above from distributed crustal flow below (localized-distributed transition (LDT)). The mylonites were subsequently captured by a moderately dipping brittle detachment that soled down to the middle crust and exhumed them around a rolling hinge into a subhorizontal orientation at the surface, producing the present-day NSRD. In this interpretation the brittle hanging wall represents a series of rotated upper crustal normal faults, whereas the mylonitic footwall represents one or more exhumed middle crustal discontinuities (LDTs).
Car Safety for Infants: Effectiveness of Prenatal Counseling

In a pediatric office setting, car safety counseling was provided to 16 primigravida women during a prenatal pediatric interview. A control group of 19 women received no counseling during a similar interview. Forty-two percent of noncounseled mothers and 69% of counseled mothers were using a safe infant restraint system at the six-week well-child visit. Preventive counseling in car safety is an important role for the pediatrician.
Protostellar jets irradiated by massive stars

The formation of solar-type stars is a gradual process during which they accrete mass from the dense disks and cloud cores that surround them. This accretion requires the release of angular momentum, and an important mechanism for achieving this seems to be the production of jets along the polar axes of the young stars1,2. But the presence of massive, luminous stars within the same star-forming region can affect the forming stars by stripping away their circumstellar envelopes with ultraviolet radiation, thereby removing the reservoir of gas from which the stars are built up and exposing the disks to photoerosion3. Here we present observations of four highly collimated jets from young stars that appear to have been stripped of their circumstellar molecular cloud cores in this way. The production of jets seemstohave been largely unaffected. If these jets are also photoionized, their mass loss rates can be determined from observations with much greater accuracy than for normal shock-excited jets.
Filter models of CDM measurement channels and TLP device transients

Charged Device Model (CDM) waveforms are fast enough to be altered considerably by the oscilloscope used. Step response of CDM measurement channels allow time-domain finite impulse response (FIR) filters to be formulated in software. Similar analytic methods allow filter-like representation of devices as measured by transmission-line pulsing (TLP).