cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telecytology for Rapid On-Site Evaluation: Current Status.

Rapid on-site evaluation improves the quality of medical care and decrease health care costs by reducing the rate of non-diagnostic specimens, unnecessary passes and repeat procedures. The increase in number of minimally invasive procedures performed by different subspecialties in different sites can outstrip the cytology staff capacity in most institutions. Telecytology is useful in large volume settings as it one pathologist can support multiple sites simultaneously, thus increasing time efficiency without loss of quality. There are multiple platforms available for image transmission including static and live image transmission, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. The selection of equipment (hardware and software) should be based on the volume, budget and workflow of each institution. Validation before implementation for clinical use is mandatory in the US and should simulate the anticipated workflow.
Surgical Treatment of Multifocal Pulmonary Mucormycosis

Mucormycosis is a devastating opportunistic fungal infection to which the immunosuppressed are particularly vulnerable. We report the case of a 60-year-old man who was found to have multifocal pulmonary mucormycosis 10 weeks after concomitant heart and kidney transplantation. Despite appropriate antifungal therapy, the infection progressed rapidly and soon involved critical pulmonary vasculature. He successfully underwent staged operative resection of his pulmonary mucormycosis without recurrence of infection. Although surgical debridement of pulmonary mucormycosis is typically reserved for localized disease, this case demonstrates that surgical intervention should be considered as an adjunct to antifungal therapy in multifocal disease.
Living a Deportation Threat: Anticipatory Stressors Confronted by Undocumented Mexican Immigrant Women

Previous sociological research shows that exposure to stress varies by individuals’ social statuses and is a central mechanism in producing mental health disparities. This line of research suggests that ethnoracial groups are more exposed to racial discrimination, thus negatively impacting their mental health. There has also been a growing literature showing how legal status impacts the mental health of immigrants and their families. However, the sociology of mental health and migration literature has largely remained disparate. This paper bridges these literatures to highlight how living a deportation threat manifests itself as an anticipatory stressor that negatively impacts undocumented Mexican migrant women’s access to resources, social relationships, and social roles. Based on 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews with undocumented Mexican immigrant women from Houston, Texas, my findings reveal living a deportation threat is a perpetual anticipatory stressor that intensifies the effects of avoiding authorities, family fragmentation, and economic uncertainty. I argue this anticipatory stressor transforms into a chronic stressor that undocumented Mexican women confront daily. By situating this study within an anti-immigrant social context, it highlights the social processes and mechanisms that exacerbate the stressors undocumented Mexican immigrant women confront.
An MINLP formulation for the optimization of multicomponent distillation configurations

Abstract Designing configurations for multicomponent distillation, a ubiquitous process in chemical and petrochemical industries, is often challenging. This is because, as the number of components increases, the number of admissible distillation configurations grows rapidly and these configurations vary substantially in their energy needs. Consequently, if a method could identify a few energy-efficient choices from this large set of alternatives, it would be extremely attractive to process designers. This paper develops such a method by solving a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP) that is formulated to pick, among the regular-column configurations of Shah and Agrawal (2010b), those configurations that have a low vapor-duty requirement. To compute the minimum vapor-duty requirement for each column within the configuration, we use techniques that rely on the Underwood’s method. The combined difficulty arising from the nonlinearity of Underwood equations and the combinatorial explosion of the choice-set of alternatives poses unmistakable challenges for the branch-and-bound algorithm, the current method of choice to globally solve MINLPs. To address this difficulty, we exploit the structure of Underwood equations and derive valid cuts that expedite the convergence of branch-and-bound by enabling global solvers, such as BARON, infer tighter bounds on Underwood roots. This provides a quick way to identify a few lucrative alternative configurations for separation of a given non-azeotropic mixture. We illustrate the practicality of our approach on a case-study concerning heavy-crude distillation and on various other examples from the literature.
Converging images: techniques of intervention and forms of representation of sodium-channel proteins in nerve cell membranes.

Les recherches en neurobiologie ont permis de caracteriser et isoler les molecules responsables de la transmission de l'information et de l'influx nerveux. Depuis 1980, ces recherches ont conduit a l'identification de canaux ioniques existant au niveau de la membrane des cellules nerveuses
THE EFFECT OF THREE DIMENSIONAL MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT LEARNING RESULT IN CUBE AND BEAM MATERIALS IN CLASS V SD STATE 21 MENDO WEST

Abstract:The problem in this research study is the low of the result of class V student at SD Negeri 21 Mendo West and the absence of media used in the lesson of Mathematics. The purpose of this study is to Determine the influence of Three Dimensional Media to improve student learning outcomes on the material of cubes and blocks in Class V Elementary School 21 West Mendo. This research uses quantitative research with "pre-experimental" method (The one group pretest-posttest design). The sampling technique used in this study saturated sampling. The sample of this study is the entire class V amounted to 34 students. Data collection techniques used in the form of a written test that consists of five essays namely pretest and posttest. The prerequisite test used is the Liliefors test to test the normality of the data. Based on test results Obtained Liliefors that the the data is normally distributed. Based on hypothesis testing analysis of data from the result of t-test pairwise the data related with tcount> TTable (11.95> 2:03), hence can be interpreted that Ha accepted and H0 is rejected. So from the results of the research shows there are positive effects of three-dimensional media to improve student learning outcomes on materials cube and beam Class V Elementary School 21 West Mendo. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Three Dimensional Media Abstrak: Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 21 Mendo Barat dan tidak adanya media yang digunakan dalam pelajaran Matematika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Media Tiga Dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi kubus dan balok di Kelas V SD Negeri 21 Mendo Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode “pre Experimental” ( The One Group Pretest-Posttest Design ). Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan sampling jenuh. Sampel penelitian ini seluruh kelas V berjumlah 34 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa tes tertulis yang terdiri 5 essay yaitu pretest dan posttest . Uji prasyarat yang digunakan adalah uji Liliefors untuk menguji normalitas data. Berdasarkan hasil uji Liliefors diperoleh bahwa data berdistribusi normal. Berdasarkan analisis data uji hipotesis dari hasil perhitungan uji t-test related data berpasangan dengan t hitung > t tabel ( 11,95 > 2,03) , maka dapat diartikan bahwa H a diterima dan H 0 ditolak. Jadi dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif media tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi kubus dan balok kelas V SD Negeri 21 Mendo Barat. Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar, Media Tiga Dimensi
Faith Organization Influences

A dominant theme in the first half of this book was of the role and responsibility of the Church in the area of faith and work integration (FWI). The theological foundation for church involvement in FWI was provided in Chap. 4 and the need for the Church to become more actively involved in FWI was argued in Chap. 7. Therefore, the foundation has already been laid to make a case for the responsibility of faith organizations in promoting faith and work integration as depicted in our Faith and Work Integration Spheres of Influence model (FWSI) (see Fig. 12.1). This final chapter will add to our previous discussion by describing in greater detail why and how the Church should be involved in equipping its membership with the tools necessary to effectively engage in FWI. This will include a review of how beliefs about the role of the Church in society relate to FWI, how denominational differences may impact FWI and research on how churches currently encourage FWI. The role played by other faith organization structures, such as faith and work groups and faith-based professional societies is also acknowledged in this final sphere of FWI influence. This chapter ends with recommendations based on what current research reveals about the effectiveness of the Church in facilitating FWI.
Electronic Structural Studies of the Ru3(III,II,II) Mixed-Valent State of Oxo-Centered Triruthenium Clusters.

The anionic state of basic ruthenium acetate complexes of the type [Ru3O­(OAc)6]­(CO)­(L1)­(L2) (L = 4-cyanopyridine, pyridine, and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine) feature pronounced optical transitions in the near-infrared region indicative of strongly coupled mixed-valence states. A series of these clusters was prepared and studied spectroscopically in tandem with density functional theory (DFT) computational results to construct an orbital structure–function description of how the electron density is shared between the ruthenium centers in this mixed-valent state. The mixed-valency manifests itself as a combination of the nonbonding atomic orbitals of the equivalent ruthenium centers, with increased energetic splitting between the orbitals with symmetries appropriate for more efficient electronic communication. This DFT-based model agrees with the Marcus–Hush description of mixed-valency, with the added knowledge that specific orbitals contribute to different degrees in the electronic coupling between two redox centers.
Screening History and Comorbidities Help Refine Stop Ages for Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Unstructured abstract Having rational data upon which to base recommendations for when reasonably to stop cancer screening is important from both an individual patient and public health perspective. Previous studies using the MISCAN-colon model have taken into account both age and co-morbidities without fulling accounting for variation in prior screening. In this issue of CGH, Cenin et al. demonstrate that prior screening history and comorbidities greatly influence appropriate stopping ages for colorectal cancer screening, with ages ranging from 66 to 90. The study adds further data to support the individualization rather than a “one size fits all” approach to stopping ages for CRC screening. It also highlights the importance of obtaining a full screening history, including getting old records if necessary, and the need for simple and efficient ways to implement data into clinical practice in order for information regarding tailoring of CRC screening to translate into tangible population health benefits.
Multipronged Training to Improve Screening and Management of Cervical Cancer in Nepal

PURPOSEAccording to GLOBOCAN estimates, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in Nepal, with nearly 3,000 new cases and approximately 1,900 deaths in 2018. Trained health care provi...
Defining the Teratoma as a Model for Multi-lineage Human Development

We propose that the teratoma, a recognized standard for validating pluripotency in stem cells, could be a promising platform for studying human developmental processes. Performing single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 179,632 cells across 23 teratomas from 4 cell lines, we found that teratomas reproducibly contain approximately 20 cell types across all 3 germ layers, that inter-teratoma cell type heterogeneity is comparable with organoid systems, and teratoma gut and brain cell types correspond well to similar fetal cell types. Furthermore, cellular barcoding confirmed that injected stem cells robustly engraft and contribute to all lineages. Using pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens, we showed that teratomas can enable simultaneous assaying of the effects of genetic perturbations across all germ layers. Additionally, we demonstrated that teratomas can be sculpted molecularly via microRNA (miRNA)-regulated suicide gene expression to enrich for specific tissues. Taken together, teratomas are a promising platform for modeling multi-lineage development, pan-tissue functional genetic screening, and tissue engineering.
The Discrimination Experiences and Coping Responses of Non-binary and Trans People

Trans and non-binary (TNB) people face mental health disparities, likely due to discrimination. This study aims to explore the types of discrimination that TNB people report and the corresponding c...
Elastic bandgap widening and switching via spatially varying materials and buckling instabilities

Efficient control over elastic wave transmission is often critical in the design of architected materials. In this work, lattices that achieve buckling induced band gaps are designed with spatially varying material properties to leverage both effects for enhanced wave control. Each unit cell exhibits a large shape change when subjected to an external activation. Unit cells with discrete material properties are then arranged in different spatial configurations. Numerical simulations for transmission through the example structures demonstrate both bandgap widening due to different material properties in adjacent unit cells and switching at different deformation states.
High genomic diversity maintained by populations of Carex scirpoidea subsp. convoluta, a paraphyletic Great Lakes ecotype

Range-limited endemic taxa are threatened by loss of genomic diversity, which can lead to extirpation and extinction. The imperiled and narrowly distributed edaphic endemic Carex scirpoidea subsp. convoluta (Cyperaceae), which is primarily limited to alvar soils on the northern shores of Lake Huron in North America, exhibits such risk. In contrast, the conspecific C. scirpoidea subsp. scirpoidea is widely distributed across a vast geographical range and occupies various arctic and alpine habitat types. Using ddRADseq, population genomic analyses of 11 North American populations of C. scirpoidea including five subsp. convoluta populations revealed similar-to-higher levels of genomic diversity in the latter compared to its more widely distributed conspecific subsp. scirpoidea. Dioecy and a nearly obligate outcrossing mode of reproduction have likely contributed to the maintenance of genomic diversity in subsp. convoluta, preventing inbreeding depression, and contributing to the evolutionary potential of populations of this taxon. Phylogenomic and Bayesian analyses of ddRADseq data revealed that subsp. convoluta is paraphyletic with Eastern North American subsp. scirpoidea populations, suggesting that it best be considered a locally adapted ecotype. Furthermore, Eastern North America populations of both taxa arose from populations that likely occupied periglacial refugia south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, where they no longer occur. Herein, we identify conservation units among the sampled Eastern North American C. scirpoidea populations to aid management efforts, which we suggest should include habitat protection and replanting for habitat restoration purposes.
Bilateral transversus abdominis release: Complex hernia repair without sacrificing quality of life.

Abstract Background Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) during ventral hernia repair (VHR) allows for further lateral dissection by dividing the transversus abdominis muscles (TAM). The implications of division of the TAM on clinical and patient-reported outcomes has not be extensively studied. Methods Adult patients undergoing retrorectus (RR) VHR with biosynthetic mesh with or without bilateral TAR were retrospectively identified. Post-operative and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected. Results Of 50 patients, 24 underwent TAR and 26 had RR repair alone. Median defect sizes were 449 cm2 and 208 cm2, respectively (p 0.05). One TAR patient (4.2%) and four RR patients (15.4%) recurred (p = 0.26), with median follow up of 24 and 38 months. PROs improved significantly in both groups (p Conclusion Despite more complex abdominal wall reconstruction on larger defects, TAR has minimal major adverse events, low recurrence rates, and does not negatively affect PROs.
High-Frequency Concurrent Measurements in Watershed and Impaired Estuary Reveal Coupled DOC and Decoupled Nitrate Dynamics

Rapid changes in land use, pollution inputs, and climate are altering the quantity, timing, and form of materials delivered from watersheds to estuaries. To better characterize these alterations simultaneous measurements of biogeochemical conditions in watersheds and estuaries over a range of times scales are needed. We examined the strength of watershed-estuarine biogeochemical coupling using in situ measurements of nitrate, terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and chloride collected over a 7-month period in a nitrogen-impaired estuary in northeastern US. The watershed exerted strong control over concentrations of terrestrially derived DOC in the estuary, attributable to relative homogeneity of watershed sources from forested land combined with relatively conservative behavior in estuarine waters. Estuarine nitrate patterns were more complex, suggesting the influence of heterogeneous watershed distribution of non-point and point sources and high reactivity of nitrate in the estuary. Understanding estuarine biogeochemical patterns will be advanced through greater use of simultaneous sub-hourly measurements of inflows, salinity, and water quality in estuaries and their upstream watersheds.
Towards a Probabilistic Preliminary Design Criterion for Buckling Critical Composite Shells

A probability-based analysis method for predicting buckling loads of compression-loaded laminated-composite shells is presented, and its potential as a basis for a new shell-stability design criterion is demonstrated and discussed. In particular, a database containing information about specimen geometry, material properties, and measured initial geometric imperfections for a selected group of laminated-composite cylindrical shells is used to calculate new buckling-load "knockdown factors". These knockdown factors are shown to be substantially improved, and hence much less conservative than the corresponding deterministic knockdown factors that are presently used by industry. The probability integral associated with the analysis is evaluated by using two methods; that is, by using the exact Monte Carlo method and by using an approximate First-Order Second- Moment method. A comparison of the results from these two methods indicates that the First-Order Second-Moment method yields results that are conservative for the shells considered. Furthermore, the results show that the improved, reliability-based knockdown factor presented always yields a safe estimate of the buckling load for the shells examined.
RLQ pain = surgery?

To the Editor.— Ravitch9s article1 is elegantly written but, unfortunately, ill-conceived. Ravitch would have us send to surgery any child with abdominal pain and right-lower-quadrant (RLQ) tenderness in whom no other diagnosis can be found. Why? Because the incidence of mortality for appendectomies is less than 1% and because the risk of missing a perforation is unacceptably high. Not so—if Ravitch had chosen to cite the recent surgical literature instead of reveling in McBurney9s original observations, he would have found an important study from Johns Hopkins2 in which children with abdominal pain were all admitted to the hospital for intensive observation.
Variation for Salt Tolerance in Tobacco Cell Suspensions

Cells of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38, have been obtained, which are capable of active growth in media with 10 or 25 g/1 NaCl (S-10 and S-25, respectively). The S-10 and S-25 cells, as well as a population of cells which had not been growing in salt (S-0), were evaluated for tolerance to salinity by examining their growth characteristics when inoculated into media with varying concentrations of NaCl. Tolerance of the cell populations to NaCl increased with the level of salt from which the cells were obtained. The enhanced tolerance of the S-10 cells was lost after one passage in the absence of salt, indicating that the tolerance of these cells was unstable. In contrast, the S-25 population retained a small but stable portion of its tolerance even after 40 recultures in the absence of salt. Analysis of the tolerance of individual clones isolated from the S-0 and S-10 populations indicated that substantial variation for salt tolerance exists within the cell populations, and that the S-10 population exhibited higher tolerances. The frequency distribution of tolerance for S-10 clones grown in the absence of salt was very similar to that of the S-0 clones. Increased tolerance of the S-10 cell population after exposure to salt appeared to be due to physiological adaptation since individual S-10 clones lost tolerance when grown in the absence of salt. The fact that the S-25 cells retained some degree of tolerance to salt suggests, that at high salt concentrations, it may be possible to identify both an unstable, adaptive component of tolerance, and a stable component which can withstand several recultures in the absence of salt.
Systems View of Professional Engineering

The engineering profession is presently classified by academic divisions, which have substantial overlap in basic functions. A systems view of the profession creates an outline that stresses fields of proficiency based on dynamic action of the engineer. This is in contrast with the academic view of the profession that stresses the engineer as a custodian of static travail of science and technology.
Why Do We Work? Empirical Evidence on Work Motivation and the Effects of Management Control System Design on Work Motivation

Building on the concept of perceived locus of causality (PLOC), this study examines: 1) whether individual work motivation can be classified with the four orientations in the PLOC framework: intrinsic, identified, introjected, and external; 2) the effects of management control system design choices on each motivational orientation; 3) and the consequences of each motivational orientation on employee behavior. We address these research questions using an online survey of 592 U.S. employees from diverse industries and professions. We have the following findings: First, we develop and validate a scale of PLOC work motivation (PLOC-WM) and find that the four motivational orientations are distinct from each other and multiple motivations coexist within individual respondents. Second, we find that management control systems influence individual motivational orientations, incremental to individual personality effects. Finally, we find that motivational orientations have significant impact on individual effort, creativity, organizational identification, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover intentions. We make a methodological contribution by developing and validating a scale of PLOC work motivation, which goes beyond the traditional intrinsic/extrinsic dichotomy and recognizes a richer range of motivation orientations. The scale we develop and the empirical evidence we provide on the links between control system design, motivation orientation and employee behavior will advance future accounting research on work motivation.
The Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II/Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor

Competitive binding experiments first demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors are distinct from insulin receptors and that there are two IGF receptors based on relative preference for IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin1. The IGF-I receptor or type I IGF receptor binds IGF-I with higher affinity than IGF-II, and binds insulin with much lower affinity than IGF-II. The IGF-II receptor or type II IGF receptor binds IGF-II with considerably higher affinity than IGF-I and does not bind insulin at all. The structures of these two IGF receptors were defined by affinity crosslinking, biosynthetic labeling, purification, and finally, molecular cloning2–5. The IGF-I receptor is very similar to the insulin receptor, consisting of two alpha subunits of 130 kDa, and two beta subunits of 95 kDa. The beta subunit has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which is activated by autophosphorylation following ligand binding to the alpha subunit. The structure of the IGF-II receptor is quite different from the structure of the IGF-I receptor. The IGF-II receptor is a single 250 kDa glycoprotein which lacks tyrosine kinase activity.
The duodenum: An uncommon site of surgical lesions

Summary It is fortunate for the horse that duodenal lesions requiring surgical correction occur infrequently. Despite being an uncommon site of obstruction, palpation of the duodenum should be part of a complete surgical abdominal exploration. Horses with proximal obstruction typically have large volumes of reflux following passage of a nasogastric tube. Biochemistry abnormalities may include hypochloraemia and hyperglycaemia particularly with a complete or strangulating obstruction. Early surgical treatment of a duodenal volvulus may result in a favourable outcome.
The permittivity and electrical conductivity of oil shale

An investigation was made of the electrical conductivity and the real part of the complex permittivity of oil shale. Results are reported of a study on oil shale under ambient conditions prior to, and after, retorting to temperatures of 800/sup 0/K. The rocks chosen for investigation came from the Anvil Point's Mine, Colorado; these oil shale specimens are from the Parachute Creek member of the Green River formation, Piceance Creek Basin. Data presented indicate that the unretorted sample is a better conductor by as much as an order of magnitude at 10 kHz. Results of the permittivity and conductivity studies indicate that these variables are directly related to the oil content of the shale and may be used to monitor the retorting of oil shale in situ. (MCG)
Reliability Growth Modeling

At the initial developmental phase of any production involving complex systems, a test-analyze-and-fix (TAAF) process is often undertaken to promote the detection of system faults and incorporate appropriate redesigns or other corrective actions, and the modified system is retested. As this test–redesign–retest sequence contributes to an improvement in the system performance, failure data become increasingly sparse at the later stages of testing, making it more difficult to assess the current reliability. A reliability growth model provides a structure through which failure data from the current as well as previous stages of testing could be analyzed in an integrated way in order to make efficient inference on reliability, and other process parameters. Reliability growth models have been applied extensively in analyzing failure data arising from hardware as well as a piece of software. Further, for systems with single-shot missions that undergo a developmental program, reliability growth models arise quite naturally while studying the effectiveness of design fixes. In this article, we describe some popular reliability growth models that have been developed in the context of observing either time to failure or sequence of polytomous outcomes. Keywords: reliability growth; test analyze and fix; learning curve; type-I and type-II models; continuous-time models; discrete-time models
Filamentous bacterial viruses. XIII. Molecular structure of the virion in projection.

Abstract The radial distribution of electron density in filamentous bacterial viruses is calculated from the equatorial intensity on X-ray fiber diffraction patterns, at a resolution of 15 A. The radial density distribution shows a cylindrical molecule with a central high density core 25 A in diameter (interpreted as DNA), surrounded by a shell with inner diameter 40 A and outer diameter 60 A (interpreted as protein). Both class I and class II virions have similar radial density distributions. Other types of model are shown to be unlikely. In dry fibers, the periphery of the virion is distorted to enable the virion to pack in a hexagonal lattice with lattice constant a ≅ 55 A . The cylindrical model is substantiated by diffraction experiments on fibers treated with heavy atoms, and by electron microscopy of sections taken perpendicular to the fiber axis.
Numerical cavity mode simulation and polar data from the January 1997 magnetic cloud event

Data from the Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) on the Polar satellite were used to construct an electron number density for the dawnside plasmasphere of January 11, 1997. This density profile was incorporated into a dynamic numerical simulation of a cold, ideal MHD plasmasphere on a dipole grid, with a broad-band excitation applied at the plasmapause. In the simulated plasmasphere, this impulsive perturbation produced a discrete spectrum of fast magnetosonic cavity modes, coupled to field line resonances (FLRs) at various harmonics. However, spectral analysis of electric and magnetic fields measured by the Polar satellite on January 11 does not provide convincing evidence for plasmaspheric cavity modes at the frequencies and local time predicted by the model.
Tropical Isles, Icy Seas, and Empire

William Hodges 1744-1797 The Art of Exploration. Geoff Quilley, Curator . Organized by the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK, and the Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT. At the Yale Center for British Art through 24 April 2005. [http://ycba.yale.edu][1] William Hodges 1744-1797 The Art of Exploration. Geoff Quilley and John Bonehill, Eds. . Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2004. 224 pp. $60, £40. ISBN 0-300-10376-X. This exhibit and the accompanying catalog offer a reappraisal of the work and reputation of the landscape painter who accompanied Cook's second voyage to the South Pacific. [1]: http://ycba.yale.edu/
Isogenic Lysogens of Diverse Shiga Toxin 2-Encoding Bacteriophages Produce Markedly Different Amounts of Shiga Toxin

We produced isogenic Escherichia coli K-12 lysogens of seven different Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-encoding bacteriophages derived from clinical Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolates of serotypes O157:H7, O145, O111, and O83 to assess the variability among these phages and determine if there were phage-related differences in toxin production. Phage genomic restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and superinfection resistance studies revealed significant differences among these phages and allowed the seven phages to be placed into five distinct groups. Experiments revealed striking differences in spontaneous phage and toxin production that were correlated with the groupings derived from the RFLP and resistance studies. These results suggest that the genotype of the Stx2 prophage can influence the level of phage release and toxin expression by host strains and thus may be relevant to STEC pathogenesis.
“Amyloid Is Not a Tombstone”— A Summation

: This paper represents our summary interpretation of this symposium and provides our own suggestions as to cause and therapeutic approaches that could modulate the cerebrovascular and CSF dynamics that might reverse the pathology of Alzheimer's dementia.
Primary Care Office-based Buprenorphine Treatment: Comparison of Heroin and Prescription Opioid Dependent Patients

BACKGROUND Prescription opioid dependence is increasing, but treatment outcomes with office-based buprenorphine/naloxone among these patients have not been described.
Preventive Maintenance for Your Air-Conditioning

(1960). Preventive Maintenance for Your Air-Conditioning. Hospital Topics: Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 43-60.
Pavement Shear Strain Response to Dual and Wide-Base Tires:

FHWA conducted controlled loading tests on the US-23 test road in hot weather conditions in Ohio. The tests used four tire types in both dual and wide-base configurations, which were fitted on a single unit two-axle truck, maintaining a constant gross vehicle weight. Two pavement sections, one 8 in. (200 mm) and one 4 in. (100 mm) thick, were instrumented with strain gauge rosettes oriented vertically to measure strain traces induced from the passing wheel loads at three speeds and tire inflation pressures. Pavement temperature was monitored with depth during testing as well as wheel track offset distance from the strain sensors. Because of time constraints, only the sensors in the plane parallel to the direction of loading were analyzed, and response data were compared only with linear elastic pavement response models. The as-measured data were processed and evaluated for all rosettes oriented in the direction of loading. Stress relaxation modulus data were used to adjust the pavement modulus to a common...
Spectral-Directional Emittance of High Temperature Oxidized Aluminum

Spectral-directional emittance measurements for high purity aluminum, oxidized in air for an extended period of time (150h) at high temperature are presented. The data presented here cover the spectral range between 3 and 14 μm, directional range from surface normal to 72° polar angle and temperatures from 400 to 600°C with a step increment of 100°C. The measurements were performed using a radiometric, direct emission method. The experimental setup used was comprised of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a blackbody cavity. The Al sample has a nominal surface roughness of 0.635 μm. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used as surface techniques to characterize the aluminum oxide film that formed on the metallic surface.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The value of neighborhood schools

Abstract This paper attempts to measure both an access effect and an externality effect of neighborhood schools on the value of surrounding residential properties. While the access effect appears to dominate, an external cost effect may have been identified as well. Using the estimated value-distance function, a downward-biased estimate of the aggregate loss in value is computed assuming that the neighborhood school is closed or that busing eliminates its neighborhood character. This loss is referred to as the value of a neighborhood school.
A cadmium oxybisbenzoate/pyridylnicotinamide coordination polymer with a new 8-connected self-penetrated topology

Abstract Crystals of {[Cd(oba)(4-pna)]·0.25H2O}n (1, oba = oxybisbenzoate, 4-pna = 4-pyridylnicotinamide) were prepared by hydrothermal methods. A single-crystal structure determination showed the presence of two-fold interpenetrated [Cd2(oba)2]n dimer-based (4,4) layers, featuring embedded {Cd2O2} dimers that serve as 4-connected nodes. In turn these layers are connected by the dipodal 4-pna ligands into a [Cd(oba)(4-pna)]n 3-D coordination polymer network. Including these connections, the {Cd2O2} dimers can be considered as 8-connected nodes; these build a new but simple self-penetrated network with a 42464 topology substantially different from a standard body centered cubic bcu net. Luminescent and thermal properties of 1 are also reported.
Executive Functioning: Overview, Assessment, and Research Issues for Non-Neuropsychologists

Background Executive functioning (EF) is a multifaceted neuropsychological construct that can be defined as (1) forming, (2) maintaining, and (3) shifting mental sets, corresponding to the abilities to (1) reason and generate goals and plans, (2) maintain focus and motivation to follow through with goals and plans, and (3) flexibly alter goals and plans in response to changing contingencies.
Two-pore K channels: Still viable sites of action?

Abstract Experimental evidence gathered over the last 6 years identifies two-pore K channel (K2P) family members as possible mediators of volatile anesthetic action. Earlier studies had identified a specific action of volatile anesthetics to enhance background potassium flux in excitable cells. Isolation of specific clones coding for background potassium channels–the K2P channel family–provided the molecular basis for these currents. Potentiation of currents passed by K2P channels by volatile anesthetics have been demonstrated in heterologous expression systems and in many sites in native excitable tissues. Recently, genetically altered mice in which the expression of one K2P channel (TREK-1) has been eliminated showed strong resistance to the action of volatile anesthetics. This accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that enhancement of background currents passed by K2P channels underlie the action of volatile anesthetics.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects on Strained ${\rm HfO}_{2}$ -Based nMOSFETs

Radiation-induced charge trapping and mobility degradation are measured on uniaxially stressed HfO2-based nMOSFETs. Controlled external mechanical stress is applied via a four-point bending jig while the samples are irradiated using 10-keV X-rays. Positive charge trapping is observed for unstressed devices, and for devices irradiated under both compressive and tensile stress. Reduced trapped charge is measured as the uniaxial stress level increases. These results suggest that the increased stress leads to a reconfiguration of defect microstructure, as compared to the unstressed devices. The reconfiguration consists of changes in bond lengths and angles and a corresponding change in trap energy levels, which can (1) reduce the probability that a defect can capture holes, (2) increase the probability for electron and trapped-hole recombination, and/or (3) increase the mobility of the transporting holes in the oxides of the devices that are irradiated under stress. These results show that increased mechanical stress in high-k dielectrics does not degrade their radiation hardness. We also observe that the post-irradiation channel mobility degrades less in uniaxially stressed devices than unstressed devices.
The Future of Personnel Economics

Personnel economics is defined as the application of microeconomic principles to human resources issues that are of concern to most businesses. The field, now about 20 years old, arose for three reasons. First, those of us who were teaching standard labour economics to business students encountered a disinterested audience. Business students believe that labour supply and demand, unemployment, investment in education, and other topics, which are of primary concern to labour economists, are almost irrelevant to their future business careers. Their boredom with what we had to sell signalled that a change in the product might be warranted. Second, the issues studied by human resources specialists were of interest to economists, but the approach taken by the non-economist was unsatisfying. It was loose, unfocused, and ad hoc, and lacked the general, rigorous framework to which economists have grown accustomed. The economist's reaction was to enter an industry where it was believed rents existed. Third, the technology of economics changed. As a result of some breakthroughs, particularly those dealing with agency and contract theory, economists were better equipped to tackle problems that had evaded them in the past.'
Brillouin and ultrasonic study of the temperature dependence of the elastic constants in NaCN

Abstract The temperature dependence of the elastic constants of NaCN has been studied by propagation of ultrasonic waves at 15 MHz and by Brillouin scattering at 3 GHz over the temperature range from 287K to 355K. c 44 is observed to soften linearly with temperature as the order-disorder phase transition at 284K is approached from above. The other elastic constants also soften, except for c 12 which stiffens. Considerable dispersion is seen in the values of c 44 obtained ultrasonically and by Brillouin scattering. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the density are also reported.
A General Prewhitening Procedure for Process and Measurement Noises

Abstract In data reconciliation and gross error detection as in quality control charts most methods assume that the data are serially independent. This assumption is convenient for mathematical treatment, but is often contradicted by experimental evidence. Recent work (Kao, et al., 1990, 1991) examines alternative procedures for mitigating such effects. One of these procedures is to prewhiten the process data before applying the usual data treatment methods. Prewhitening may be carried out using the Bryson and Henrikson method (1968), which is applicable to first order autoregressive models. In this note we propose a prewhitening procedure which is applicable to any autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, and which causes only a modest increase in the state space dimensions.
Performance of an alternative HIV diagnostic algorithm using the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay and potential utility of sample-to-cutoff ratio to discriminate primary from established infection

Background The ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay has a wide dynamic range for determining the sample-to-cutoff ratio (S/CO) values compared to other diagnostic HIV antibody assays.
Language Barriers among Patients in Boston Emergency Departments: Use of Medical Interpreters After Passage of Interpreter Legislation

Background Since 2001, Massachusetts state law dictates that emergency department (ED) patients with limited English proficiency have the right to a professional interpreter. Methods one year later, for two 24-h periods, we interviewed adult patients presenting to four Boston EDs. We assessed language barriers and compared this need with the observed use and type of interpreter during the ED visit. Results We interviewed 530 patients (70% of eligible) and estimated that an interpreter was needed for 60 (11%; 95% confidence interval, 7–12%) patients. The primary interpreter for these clinical encounters was a physician (30%), friend or family member age ≥18 years (22%), hospital interpreter services (15%), younger family member (11%), or other hospital staff (17%). Conclusions We found that 11% of ED patients had significant language barriers, but use of professional medical interpreters remained low. One year after passage of legislation mandating access, use of professional medical interpreters remained inadequate.
It’s Not Just About the Money: Gender and Youth Migration from Rural China

Statistics suggest that young men and women in China migrate at almost equal numbers, but we know less about gender differences in the decision to migrate. We examine the factors associated with the decision to migrate and the rationales given by young migrants. Our results are consistent with previous figures and show no overall gender differences in susceptibility to migration. However, we find that sibship structure operates differently on the decisions of boys and girls. Young men were more likely to report that they had moved for purposes of starting a business or personal development than young women, while young women were more likely to report that they had moved to support the tuition of a family member. We argue that the simple gender parity with respect to the number of migrants masks important differences in the circumstances and personal motivations for migration for men and women.
The effect of variations in Nonfluency on audience ratings of source credibility

(1964). The effect of variations in Nonfluency on audience ratings of source credibility. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 36-44.
Melting of Two-Dimensional Vortex Lattices

The existence of a new phase boundary for thin-film superconductors in an applied magnetic field and in rotating films of superfluid helium is predicted. The melting temperature is shown to lie below and scale with the zero-field vortex plasma transition temperature.
Developmental and knowledge base differences in the acquisition and extension of a memory strategy

Abstract Developmental differences in the acquisition and extension of an organizational strategy were examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, fourth and seventh graders received four free-recall trials on each of two categorically related lists of words. Recall and clustering increased with age and were greater for typical than atypical items. The percentage of subjects classified as strategic was greater for the older children and typical items on most trials across both lists. For those subjects who had acquired a strategy in phase I, extension of the strategy to a new list was somewhat more apt to occur for older children and the typical items. In Experiment 2, third, fifth, and seventh graders were trained to use an organizational strategy on either typical or atypical items, with half then receiving either typical or atypical items on a transfer list. On the training trials, agerelated differences were limited to the atypical lists. Generalization of the instructed strategy was greater (in terms of recall, clustering, and strategic classification) for children trained on the typical lists, with age differences in strategic classification being limited to the atypical items. The results were interpreted as reflecting the importance of knowledge base factors for the acquisition and extension of a memory strategy, with younger children's strategy use being more influenced by knowledge base factors than that of older children's.
A ten-month study of endogenous testosterone levels and behaviour in outdoor-living female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Endogenous testosterone levels were measured in association with sexual, aggressive, and social/affiliative behaviors in 11 outdoor-housed female rhesus monkeys over a ten-month period. Several behaviors (sex directed toward the male, sex received from the male, aggression directed toward the male, submission directed toward the male, submission directed toward the female, and groom another female) were significantly (p<0.05) positively correlated with testosterone in from one to five females. No trends were strong enough across all females to suggest that any of these correlations have species-wide significance. Factor analysis revealed clearcut clusters of behaviors, but elevations in testosterone were not strongly associated with any of these clusters. It is concluded that endogenous testosterone levels have little measurable effect on overt behavior in female rhesus monkeys.