cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SCENEDESMUS (CHLOROPHYCEAE). I. SPECIES WITH THE “RETICULATE” OR “WARTY” TYPE OF ORNAMENTAL LAYER1

SUMMARY The ultrastructure of the wall layers and ornamentative features of Scenedesmus pannonicus and S. longus are described using carefully correlated freeze-etched replicas, thin sections and scanning electron micrographs. The two species arc enclosed by different types of ornamented layers, S. pannonicus by the tightly filling, “warty” layer and S. longus by the loosely fitting, “reticulate” layer, held off the coenobium by 2 types of tubular propping spikelets and rosettes. The reticulate layer has an intricate substructure, especially when studied with freeze-etching. Its inner and outer surfaces appear different, as is its attachment to the 2 types of spikelets. Whole cells of S. longus subjected to acetolysis lack the cellulose wall and cytoplasm, but all other surface features survive, including the Trilaminar Sheath (TLS); this ornamentation cannot be “pectic.” The cellulose wall and ornamentation is unaffected by boiling water alone. Boiling in 6n NaOH removes the surface ornamentation, but the TLS and wall remain; the possibility that these features contain silica is discussed. The terminal spines of both species consist of closely packed spikelets enclosed within a skin of hexagonally-packed subunits. Similar subunits are seen in the propping spikelets of S. longus, and in the rows or “combs” of laterally fused spikelets of S. pannonicus. The warty layer of S. pannonicus is tightly appressed to the TLS except close to where the cells are joined, where it is suspended free. It is composed of a layer of globular subunits, and small indentations form the warts. Single, evenly distributed warts characterize the freely suspended sections of the warty layer, and the layer that encloses young coenobia soon after they have been formed: in contrast, the warts are clumped over the surface of older and larger colonies. Some of the single warts form characteristic double rows, but these latter remain single even on older cells. The surface structure of the warty layer, TLS, and plasmalemma are revealed by the freeze-etching process.
A cytoplasmic particle bearing messenger ribonucleic acid in rat liver.

Rapidly labeled RNA first appears in. rat liver cytoplasm predominantly in association with a 45 s particle, which is probably a newly synthesized ribosomal subunit. Although most of the rapidly labeled RNA purified from the 45 s particle sediments with a coefficient of 18 s, much is degraded to 6 to 14 s material under conditions in which the ribosomal RNA is little affected. Similar 6 to 14 s RNA obtained from total cytoplasmic extracts has many characteristics of messenger, for it is stimulatory in an in vitro protein-synthesizing system, is differentially sensitive to cellular nucleases, and differs from ribosomal RNA in base composition. The unstable fraction appears to represent only a small proportion of total cytoplasmic messenger RNA. Our results are consistent with a model in which messenger RNA becomes associated with a 45 s ribosomal subunit in the nucleus and is then transferred with the subunit to the cytoplasm.
Physical therapy students’ perceptions of team-based learning in gross anatomy using the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument

Purpose The objective of this study was to assess physical therapy student perceptions of team-based learning (TBL) in a graduate level gross anatomy course using the TBL Student Assessment Instrument (TBL-SAI). Methods The TBL-SAI was administered to 85 doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students, comprising three cohorts (classes of 2013, 2014, and 2015), who successfully completed a gross anatomy course where TBL was implemented. The TBL-SAI surveys 33 items, each rated from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree) and measures three subscales: students' perceptions of accountability, preference for lecture or TBL, and student satisfaction. Results The means for each subscale and the total TBL-SAI score for each cohort fell above the neutral score. The 2015 group (mean, 37.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 35.67 to 40.26) reported significantly higher satisfaction than that of the 2013 group (mean, 32.71; 95% CI, 30.31 to 35.05) and the 2014 group (mean, 33.11; 95% CI, 30.69 to 35.53). The 2015 group (mean, 125.3; 95% CI, 120.6 to 130.3) also had a significantly higher total score than that of the 2013 group (mean, 115.6; 95% CI, 110.5 to 120.5). Conclusion The physical therapy students reported an overall positive experience in using TBL to learn gross anatomy in terms of accountability, preference for learning mode, and satisfaction. This positive experience with TBL was accompanied by their successful academic performance. Given the traits and learning preferences in this generation of graduate students, TBL could be a teaching method that is received positively elsewhere and results in successful academic performance and learning.
Management of diabetes mellitus medications in the nursing home.

Nursing home staff are well aware of the increasing number of residents who experience diabetes mellitus. These residents consume an inordinate amount of resources and often have major disabilities and co-morbidities. Although non-pharmacological therapies, such as consistent carbohydrate intake and increased activity levels, are always indicated in diabetes management, pharmacological therapies are often necessary to prevent the acute complications of diabetes and delay some of the long-term complications. Residents with type 2 diabetes may be managed with oral antidiabetic agents and insulin, whereas residents with type 1 diabetes will always require insulin. Oral antidiabetic agents include insulin secretagogues, which stimulate endogenous insulin secretion and are most effective in leaner persons with type 2 diabetes. Metformin is another oral antidiabetic agent; this decreases inappropriate hepatic glucose release and is most effective in obese residents with high fasting blood glucose levels. The thiazolidinediones, also called glitazones, are insulin sensitisers that enable peripheral tissues to utilise insulin more effectively. The α-glucosidase inhibitors delay intestinal absorption of ingested carbohydrates. In addition to oral antidiabetic agents, insulin is frequently used in diabetes management. Insulin is always indicated in type 1 diabetes and is often necessary for residents with type 2 diabetes to optimise glycaemic control. Insulin can be rapid, fast, intermediate or long acting. In addition, basal insulin is now available. These insulins can be combined with each other and, in type 2 diabetes, with oral antidiabetic agents. In order to use pharmacological therapies appropriately, the glycaemic patterns of nursing home residents should be identified, using capillary blood glucose monitoring. Once these patterns have been identified, nonpharmacological therapies can be used, usually in conjunction with the many oral antidiabetic agents and various insulins available, to optimise glycaemic control in each resident.
Echo-Planar MR Cerebral Blood Volume Mapping of Gliomas: Clinical utility

Neovascularization is a common phenomenon in gliomas. MR imaging cerebral blood volume (CBV) mapping utilizes ultrasfast echo-planar imaging and simultaneous use of gadolinium-based contrast material. To determine the utility of MR CBV mapping in the clinical evaluation of gliomas, we followed 15 patients with serial studies. This technique provided functional information that was not evident with conventional CT or MR imaging. Low-grade tumors demonstrated homogeneously low CBV, while high-grade tumors often showed areas of both high and low CBV. The maximum tumor CBV/white matter ratio was compared between low- (n = 3) and high-grade gliomas (n = 5) in patients without previous treatment and with histologic verification (n = 8) and was significantly higher in high-grade gliomas (p < 0.01). High CBV foci in nonenhancing tumor areas were present in 2 cases. The distinction between radiation necrosis and active tumor could be made correctly in 3 of 4 cases. The information provided by MR CBV mapping has the potential to be an adjunct in the clinical care of glioma patients.
Dielectric changes in hyaluronate solutions at microwave frequencies as a function of concentration, system pH, and temperature

The dielectric response of human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid in various environments has been studied at microwave frquencies using a resonant microwave cavity as a probe. Both the real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant and the loss tangent for hyaluronate solutions are obtained by utilizing equations for perturbation of a resonant cavity. Dielectric changes at room temperature have been observed in aqueous solutions of hyaluronic acid as a function of concentration ranging from 0 to 350 mg/ml. The data indicate the existence of ordered phases in hyaluronate solutions at selective concentrations, that is, exhibiting lyotropic-type transitions. Hyaluronate solutions at 1.5 and 3 mg/ml concentrations have been studied at various pH in the range of 6–8 and at constant ionic strength 0.1. A temperature-dependent transition in hyaluronate solution of 120 mg/ml concentration has been observed at physiological temperature. It is shown that this temperature-dependent behavior can be related to the orientational polarizability term in the Debye theory of polar molecules in liquids.
Relation of social support to the self-perceptions of mothers with delayed children

This study examines the relations between the type and function of support networks and the self-perceptions of 63 mothers of young, disabled children. The mothers reported significantly more instrumental as well as emotional support from informal than formal networks. Satisfaction with support was related to the mother's sense of her parenting competence and her ability to balance multiple role demands. Mothers of more severely disabled children were less satisfied with the support received and had fewer friends or family upon whom they relied. Those with more family resources (such as a parenting partner or higher educational level) described using more formal supports. Community planning efforts for working with parents of disabled children may promote their clients' investment in and satisfaction with parenting by enhancing effective utilization of informal support networks.
High-throughput generation, optimization and analysis of genome-scale metabolic models

Genome-scale metabolic models have proven to be valuable for predicting organism phenotypes from genotypes. Yet efforts to develop new models are failing to keep pace with genome sequencing. To address this problem, we introduce the Model SEED, a web-based resource for high-throughput generation, optimization and analysis of genome-scale metabolic models. The Model SEED integrates existing methods and introduces techniques to automate nearly every step of this process, taking approximately 48 h to reconstruct a metabolic model from an assembled genome sequence. We apply this resource to generate 130 genome-scale metabolic models representing a taxonomically diverse set of bacteria. Twenty-two of the models were validated against available gene essentiality and Biolog data, with the average model accuracy determined to be 66% before optimization and 87% after optimization.
Identification of physical abuse cases in hospitalized children: accuracy of International Classification of Diseases codes.

OBJECTIVE: Hospital discharge databases are being increasingly used to track the incidence of child physical abuse in the United States. These databases use International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes to categorize illnesses and injuries in hospitalized patients. We assessed the accuracy of the assignment of these codes for cases of child physical abuse. STUDY DESIGN: Participants were all children (N = 133) evaluated by a child abuse pediatrician (CAP) for suspicion of abuse at Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital from January 1, 2007-December 31, 2010. These children included both those judged to have injuries from abuse and those judged to have injuries accidental/medical in nature. We compared the ICD-9-CM codes entered in the hospital discharge database for each child with the decisions made by the CAPs, as documented in their child abuse registry. The CAPs' decisions were considered to be the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Medical records were reviewed for cases in which the ICD-9-CM codes disagreed with the CAP's decision. RESULTS: In 133 cases of suspected child physical abuse, the sensitivity and specificity of ICD-9-CM codes for abuse were 76.7 % (CI 61.4%, 88.2%) and 100% (CI 96.0%, 100%), respectively. Analysis of the 10 cases of abuse not receiving ICD-9-CM codes for abuse revealed that errors in physician documentation (n = 5) and in coding (n = 5) contributed to the reduction in sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high specificity in identifying child physical abuse, the sensitivity of ICD-9-CM codes is 77%, indicating that these codes underestimate the occurrence of abuse. Language: en
False Spike, Quadrula mitchelli (Bivalvia: Unionidae), is Not Extinct: First Account of a Live Population in Over 30 Years

Abstract. During a recent survey a small population of Quadrula mitchelli (Simpson, 1895), a species thought to have been extinct, was discovered in Texas. In total, 7 live individuals were collected from the Guadalupe River near Gonzales, Gonzales County, Texas. Our finding represents the only known population for this species in Texas and the first record of live specimens in over 30 y, which is significant because this species is currently under review for protection under the Endangered Species Act.
Medieval wall painting in the church of Santa Maria in Pallara, Rome: the use of objective dating criteria

Le pitture medievali nella chiesa di Santa Maria in Pallara hanno ricevuto poca attenzione da parte degli studiosi, forse per via dell'incertezza della loro datazione; infatti non si possiede nessuna indipendente documentazione letteraria per la loro realizzazione. Tradizionalmente datati al X secolo, le pitture mostrano un'iconografia piu comune nei contesti del XII e XIII secolo, una rappresentazione di Apostoli seduti sulle spalle dei Profeti, che senza dubbio contribuiscono alla loro dimenticanza, visto che i monumenti piu tardi sono ben documentati. Comunque, l'iconografia deriva dalle tradizioni romane della decorazione ecclesiastica, tradizioni che possono essere utilizzate in un'analisi delle pitture al fine di arrivare ad una datazione indipendente basata solo sulla loro forma e contenuto. Seguendo una metodologia sviluppata da John Osbornc per la datazione di pitture medievali prive di documentazione a Roma, questo articolo analizza i criteri obicttivi di datazione delle pitture di Santa Maria in Pallara; tali criteri sono la messa in opera, la funzione, il soggetto, le iscrizioni e la tecnica pittorica. Simili analisi suggeriscono che per le pitture e possibile una data al X secolo, che sono ben classificate nella storia della tecnica pittorica di Roma tra monumenti sicuramente datati al IX secolo e quelli datati all'XI e XII secolo.
Modification of Al-Si Microstructure - The Al-Si-Sr Phase Diagram from 0–20 WT. % Si and 0–5.0 WT. % Sr

It is well known that the morphology of primary and eutectic silicon resulting from solidification is sensitive to minor impurity additions: “modification” by alkali and alkaline earth metals is common foundry practice and the use of strontium is of recent and current interest because its effect is retained in liquid metal for relatively long times. The mechanism for modification remains obscure and is not necessarily the same from one elemental addition to the next, but it is essential to separate the equilibrium and kinetic influences if the phenomenon is to be better understood. Accordingly, the liquidus surface and eutectic reactions have been located in the relevant part of the Al-Si-Sr system by careful thermal analysis and the results correlated with the microstructure. Comparison is made with the parallel behavior of alkali metal additions.
Robust Semi-Active Ride Control under Stochastic Excitation

Abstract : Ride control of military vehicles is challenging due to varied terrain and mission requirements such as operating weight. Achieving top speeds on rough terrain is typically considered a key performance parameter, which is always constrained by ride discomfort. Many military vehicles using passive suspensions suffer with compromised performance due to single tuning solution. To further stretch the performance domain to achieving higher speeds on rough roads, semi-active suspensions may offer a wide range of damping possibilities under varying conditions. In this paper, various semi-active control strategies are examined, and improvements have been made, particularly, to the acceleration-driven damper (ADD) strategy to make the approach more robust for varying operating conditions. A seven degrees of freedom ride model and a quarter-car model were developed that were excited by a random road process input modeled using an auto-regressive time series model. The proposed strategy shows promise as a cost-effective solution to improve the ride of a military vehicle over multiple stochastic terrains considering variation in operating weight.
The Capacity of Wireless Networks in Nonergodic Random Fading

We find the exact per-node capacity scaling in an extended, distributed wireless network where the node locations are random, the channel attenuation between pairs of nodes exhibits independent random fading, and data forwarding is restricted to multihop delivery. We establish a per-node throughput upper bound equal to (Cmax)/(radicn) (bps)/(Hz), and a constructive lower bound equal to (Cmin)/(radicn) (bps)/(Hz), where Cmax and Cmin are constants and n is the expected number of nodes in the network. The results apply with probability approaching unity as n becomes large, under independent, frequency flat, fading channel conditions where the tail probability exhibits an exponential decay (e.g., any mixture of line-of-sight and Rayleigh, Rice and Nakagami distributions). Our lower bound is mainly motivated by a clever bond-percolation-based protocol construction, introduced by Franceschetti et al., where it was shown that a per-node throughput equal to a constant times 1/(radicn) (bps)/(Hz) is achievable in networks with random node locations under a deterministic channel gain modeling path-loss and absorption. We extend the result to more realistic channel gain models in which the channel gains are modeled as random due to multipath effects. The protocol systematically leverages multiuser diversity to overcome the added uncertainty. The key to the upper bound is to establish an upper bound for the total network transport capacity. This upper bound proves that, relative to the lower bound construction, any attempt to leverage multiuser diversity further will result in no more than a constant factor of throughput gain.
Bootstrap approximation of tail dependence function

For estimating a rare event via the multivariate extreme value theory, the so-called tail dependence function has to be investigated (see [L. de Haan, J. de Ronde, Sea and wind: Multivariate extremes at work, Extremes 1 (1998) 7-45]). A simple, but effective estimator for the tail dependence function is the tail empirical distribution function, see [X. Huang, Statistics of Bivariate Extreme Values, Ph.D. Thesis, Tinbergen Institute Research Series, 1992] or [R. Schmidt, U. Stadtmuller, Nonparametric estimation of tail dependence, Scand. J. Stat. 33 (2006) 307-335]. In this paper, we first derive a bootstrap approximation for a tail dependence function with an approximation rate via the construction approach developed by [K. Chen, S.H. Lo, On a mapping approach to investigating the bootstrap accuracy, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 107 (1997) 197-217], and then apply it to construct a confidence band for the tail dependence function. A simulation study is conducted to assess the accuracy of the bootstrap approach.
Design of QMF banks and nonlinear optimization

This paper considers the design of quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks whose analysis and synthesis filters have linear phase and are of FIR. An iterative algorithm for minimizing the reconstruction error of QMF banks as well as the stopband error of the prototype filter has been developed in the literature. the authors' results provide new derivations for an explicit expression of the error function to be minimized and the necessary condition for minimality. These results offer new insight to the design of QMF banks and relates it to a more general nonlinear optimization problem. Moreover a new iterative algorithm is proposed that generalizes the one from Chen and Lee (1992). It is shown that this new algorithm is a descending one and is essentially a modified Newton's algorithm. Thus the iterative algorithm not only converges, but also admits a fast convergent rate.
Crystal Nucleation Rates for Particles Experiencing Short-Range Attractions: Applications to Proteins.

A kinetic model for the nucleation of a crystalline phase consisting of particles experiencing short-range attractions is developed. Of particular significance is the proximity of the metastable fluid/fluid phase boundary. The model incorporates self-consistent thermodynamics, changes in gradient diffusivity, and density fluctuations in the vicinity of the critical point. Density fluctuations associated with the spinodal of this metastable phase transition greatly enhance nucleation rates, suggesting that experimental conditions may be found where rapid nucleation and slow crystal growth can be achieved by moving the metastable critical point relative to the solubility boundary.
Foucault and the bibliographic universe: What Really is an author?

This poster will present connections that are readily apparent between Michel Foucault's concept of “author” and the “entities” in FRBR. Both Group 1 and Group 2 FRBR Entities have properties that are analogous to Foucault's ideas of authors and the works they produce. Moreover, Foucault addresses important matters concerning the apprehension of the works and how authors (or, as he phrases it, the “author-function”) are perceived, both directly and as broader notions. FRBR and the entity attributes designated in FRAD have the potential to realize some of the extension of “work” and “author” introduced by Foucault. This poster will include this possible extension
The Thermic Effect of Food and Obesity: Discrepant Results and Methodological Variations

Studies have yielded discrepant results concerning whether the thermic effect of food (TEF) is reduced in obesity. Methodological variations among published studies make understanding the discrepant results very difficult. Although methodological differences are often noted as contributing to the discrepant results, little work has been done to address these differences and standardize experimental protocols. This paper reviews 50 studies that have investigated TEF in obesity and focuses on factors related to experimental protocol and subject control that reportedly affect measurements of resting energy expenditure, postprandial energy expenditure, and the calculation of TEF.
Test Case Generation Using Model Checking for Software Components Deployed into New Environments

In this paper, we show how to generate test cases for a componentdeployed into a new software environment. This problem is importantfor software engineers who need to deploy a component into a newenvironment. Most existing model based testing approaches generatemodels from high level specifications. This leaves a semantic gapbetween the high level specification and the actualimplementation. Furthermore, the high level specification often needsto be manually translated into a model, which is a time consuming anderror prone process. We propose generating themodel automatically by abstracting the source code of the componentusing an under-approximating predicate abstraction scheme and leaving theenvironment concrete. Test cases are generated by iterativelyexecuting the entire system and storing the border states between thecomponent and the environment. A model checker is used in the componentto explore non-deterministic behaviors of the component due to theconcurrency or data abstraction. The environment is symbolicallysimulated to detect refinement conditions. Assuming the run timeenvironment is able to do symbolic execution and that the run timeenvironment has a single unique response to a given input, we provethat our approach can generate test cases that have complete coverageof the component when the proposed algorithm terminates. When thealgorithm does not terminate, the abstract-concrete model can berefined iteratively to generate additional test cases. Test casesgenerated from this abstract-concrete model can be used to check whethera new environment is compatible with the existing component.
QKI-Mediated Alternative Splicing of the Histone Variant MacroH2A1 Regulates Cancer Cell Proliferation

Abstract The histone variant macroH2A1 contains a carboxyl-terminal ∼30-kDa domain called a macro domain. MacroH2A1 is produced as one of two alternatively spliced forms, macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2. While the macro domain of macroH2A1.1 can interact with NAD(+)-derived small molecules, such as poly(ADP-ribose), macroH2A1.2's macro domain cannot. Here, we show that changes in the alternative splicing of macroH2A1 pre-mRNA, which lead to a decrease in macroH2A1.1 expression, occur in a variety of cancers, including testicular, lung, bladder, cervical, breast, colon, ovarian, and endometrial. Furthermore, reintroduction of macroH2A1.1 suppresses the proliferation of lung and cervical cancer cells in a manner that requires the ability of macroH2A1.1 to bind NAD(+)-derived metabolites. MacroH2A1.1-mediated suppression of proliferation occurs, at least in part, through the reduction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) protein levels. By analyzing publically available expression and splicing microarray data, we identified splicing factors that correlate with alterations in macroH2A1 splicing. Using RNA interference, we demonstrate that one of these factors, QKI, regulates the alternative splicing of macroH2A1 pre-mRNA, resulting in increased levels of macroH2A1.1. Finally, we demonstrate that QKI expression is significantly reduced in many of the same cancer types that demonstrate a reduction in macroH2A1.1 splicing.
Games of Timing for Security in Dynamic Environments

Increasing concern about insider threats, cyber-espionage, and other types of attacks which involve a high degree of stealthiness has renewed the desire to better understand the timing of actions to audit, clean, or otherwise mitigate such attacks. However, to the best of our knowledge, the modern literature on games shares a common limitation: the assumption that the cost and effectiveness of the players’ actions are time-independent. In practice, however, the cost and success probability of attacks typically vary with time, and adversaries may only attack when an opportunity is present (e.g., when a vulnerability has been discovered).
Anatomy of Social Violence in the Context of Transition: The Case of Indonesia 1990-2001

This paper is the first of a series of studies on social conflicts in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to provide an anatomy of social violence in terms of their patterns, trends, regional distribution, severity and intensity. The study includes all incidents of social violence that took place in Indonesia between 1990 and 2001. They are grouped into four main categories, i.e. communal violence, separatist violence, state-community violence, and industrial relations violence. It is found that communal and separatist violence caused maximum fatalities, accounting for 77% and 22%, respectively. While social violence was not uncommon during the Suharto regime, social violence and fatalities increased dramatically during the period of transition to democracy, reaching its peak in 1999-2000. The incidents of social violence mainly occurred in districts and small towns. Among communal violence, ethnic-religion-migrations related violence alone contributed to around 52% of total deaths in social violence.
The Politics of Military Coalitions: Power, Preferences, and Cooperation

There was no prospect of victory over Germany, unless it were with the help of Russia … Their military purposes, in other words, were mortgaged in advance. George F. Kennan American Diplomacy , p. 77 In 1991 and 2003, the United States led coalitional wars against Iraq that relied on military cooperation, particularly basing and staging rights, from nearby states. Iraq's northern neighbor, Turkey, figured prominently in prewar coalitional negotiations in each case, as the United States was attracted by the potential to threaten Iraq with a two-front war. Turkey allowed its territory to be used to stage part of the massive air campaign preceding the invasion of Kuwait and southern Iraq in 1991, not to mention tying down a large part of the Iraqi army with the threat of opening a northern front; however, in 2003, its parliament refused an American offer to join the coalition that ultimately toppled Iraq's Ba'athist government. Turkey's potential military value to the United States was significant in each war, primarily centered on useful basing, staging, and transit areas. It was also tied to the United States through a formal alliance commitment (NATO), and it shared American concerns about preserving order in the region and the creation of a stable post-Ba'athist Iraq. What, then, accounts for Turkey's participation in 1991 and its refusal to do so in 2003? Part of the answer, to be sure, is Turkey's negative reaction – not uncommon among the NATO allies – to escalating American aims across the two wars. Yet, as discussed later in the chapter, the United States still might have been able to secure Turkey's cooperation in 2003. Nonetheless, it failed. Why? In this chapter, I develop and test an answer to this question by focusing on the strategic interaction between a would-be coalition-builder and a potential partner, who must be compensated for its cooperation in the costly endeavor of crisis bargaining and possible war. Whether it occurs within legislatures (Baron and Ferejohn 1989), among rebel groups challenging the same state (Akcinaroglu 2012, Horne 2006), or between states that may fight wars together (Morrow 1991, Palmer and Morgan 2010), building coalitions entails a fundamental trade-off between increasing the chances of success and making political concessions to secure the cooperation of potential partners (Riker 1962).
Parametric Modeling of the Mouse Left Ventricular Myocardial Fiber Structure

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has greatly facilitated detailed quantifications of myocardial structures. However, structural patterns, such as the distinctive transmural rotation of the fibers, remain incompletely described. To investigate the validity and practicality of pattern-based analysis, 3D DTI was performed on 13 fixed mouse hearts and fiber angles in the left ventricle were transformed and fitted to parametric expressions constructed from elementary functions of the prolate spheroidal spatial variables. It was found that, on average, the myocardial fiber helix angle could be represented to 6.5° accuracy by the equivalence of a product of 10th-order polynomials of the radial and longitudinal variables, and 17th-order Fourier series of the circumferential variable. Similarly, the fiber imbrication angle could be described by 10th-order polynomials and 24th-order Fourier series, to 5.6° accuracy. The representations, while relatively concise, did not adversely affect the information commonly derived from DTI datasets including the whole-ventricle mean fiber helix angle transmural span and atlases constructed for the group. The unique ability of parametric models for predicting the 3D myocardial fiber structure from finite number of 2D slices was also demonstrated. These findings strongly support the principle of parametric modeling for characterizing myocardial structures in the mouse and beyond.
Concern for Community: A Case Study of Cooperatives in Costa Rica

ABSTRACTThrough enacting the principle concern for community, cooperatives hold promise in promoting social welfare. This article builds on the literature about the intersections of cooperatives and community practice by using empirical evidence gathered through intensive case-study immersion. The data suggest that cooperatives bolster the well-being of their associates and the entire community along economic, social, and political axes. The evidence suggests that ideological, contextual, and social factors provide the rationale for cooperatives’ community engagement. Given the congruence between cooperatives’ community practices and social work aims, the article ends by raising questions about opportunities for collaborations between cooperatives and social workers.
Effect of Perflubron-Induced Lung Growth on Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) involves lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Post-natal Perflubron ventilation induces lung growth. This phenomenon is called Perflubon-induced lung growth (PILG). However, it does not appear to ameliorate PH in CDH. We aim to determine the effect of PILG on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonates with CDH and PH requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Lung tissue from four patients was obtained, three treated with PILG + ECMO, and one maintained on conventional ventilation + ECMO (control). The distribution of collagen was assessed with Masson’s trichrome stain. Immunohistochemistry was done to assess cell proliferation and immunofluorescence to assess vascular morphology. Comparing PILG vs. control, there was an increase in vessel wall diameter (6.85 μm, 10.28 μm, and 10.35 μm vs. 4.34 μm), increase in collagen thickness in two PILG patients (35.66 μm, 14.23 μm, and 38.46 μm vs. 22.16 μm), and decrease in lumen diameter despite similar total area (48.99 μm, 41.74 μm, and 36.32 μm vs. 51.56 μm) for each PILG patient vs. the control patient, respectively. PILG does not appear to improve pulmonary vascular remodeling that occurs with PH. The findings are descriptive and will require larger samples to validate the significance of the findings. Overall, further studies will be required to identify the mechanistic causes of PH in CDH to create effective treatments.
Toward Understanding Remote Workers’ Management of Work–Family Boundaries: The Complexity of Workplace Embeddedness:

This study employs a multi-method research design to examine how remote workers, or employees who work solely from home, manage the work–family interface. Our qualitative study revealed that workin...
TFF2-CXCR4 Axis Is Associated with BRAF V600E Colon Cancer.

Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), a tumor-suppressive mechanism that is induced by the replicative and metabolic stress of oncogene activation, is a key barrier in the development of BRAF V600E colon cancer. Inhibition of this mechanism has been observed through epigenetic changes observed in sporadic serrated polyps, as well as through the germline mutations associated with those who develop serrated polyposis. We hypothesize that upregulated autocrine factors exist that are specific to the serrated pathway and also promote bypass of oncogene-induced senescence. To identify such autocrine factors, we integrate analyses of microarrays of sessile serrated polyps and two large colon cancer cohorts, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 153), and French national Cartes d9Identite des Tumeurs (CIT) program ( n = 462), with enhanced gene annotation through natural language processing techniques of the existing medical corpus. We reproducibly associate higher expression of the ligand–receptor axis of TFF2 and CXCR4 with BRAF V600E-mutant colon cancer ( P = 3.0 × 10 −3 and 0.077, respectively for TCGA; P = 3.0 × 10 −8 and 5.1 × 10 −7 for CIT). Given well-described oncogenic roles of TFF2 and CXCR4 in colon cancer, and availability of CXCR4 inhibitors for other clinical indications, this ligand–receptor axis may represent an actionable target for prevention and treatment of this molecular subtype of colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 8(7); 614–9. ©2015 AACR .
Kidney Transplant Pathology

Renal allograft biopsies are the gold standard for evaluation of allograft dysfunction owing to their high diagnostic and prognostic value, thus dramatically affecting treatment decisions. Graft dysfunction is reported to occur in 30 % of recipients in the first year following transplant [1]. Subsequent rates decline to 2–4 % per year. Allograft biopsy interpretations result in changes to the clinical diagnosis in 36 % of cases [2].
The BBC Broadcasts

It would have been expecting too much for critics to agree about a novel as complex and as close to the Imperial bone as A Passage to India was in 1924. Forster understood Muslims and misunderstood Hindus. He understood Hindus but misunderstood Muslims. He was drastically unfair to Anglo-Indians. Or, he had skilfully balanced their devotion to duty against their shortcomings. Or, he was scrupulously fair to both Anglo-Indians and Indians. There is a good deal about ‘the Indian mind’ and India’s eternal mysteries. The Indians in the novel were ‘children of Nature’, or they were ‘all miserable creatures’, or they were ‘neither primitive nor uneducated’. The novel left one with ‘a sense of disappointment’ because it was difficult to know ‘what it is about; … all the details are good but the ensemble is fuzzy, or wuzzy.’ Or, on the other hand, there is ‘no silliness, no lapse, no wobbling.’1
NMR-Based Metabolomics for Biomarker Discovery

Metabolomics provides a powerful set of tools for pharmaceutical and clinical research in a number of important areas that include drug development, early disease detection, patient stratification for treatment, and information on disease processes. With its ability to discover new metabolic markers, metabolomics (as well as metabolic profiling and metabonomics) is highly effective for drug development by providing early preclinical indications of efficacy and toxicity. The most information-rich techniques currently employed in metabolomics-based studies today are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). NMR spectra of untreated biosamples provide an overview of all metabolites present, and the complete spectrum can be used as a fingerprint of metabolic status. Analysis by multivariate statistical methods is used to identify potential biomarkers of altered metabolism that can improve the understanding of the health and disease processes. Current trends and recent advances in NMR-based metabolomics are focused on the development of advanced NMR methods, improved multivariate statistical data analysis, and a number of efforts to identify altered metabolites and pathways. Applications in the areas of toxicology, inborn errors of metabolism, cardiovascular disease, and cancer detection are described, and the prospects and the future directions of the technology are highlighted.
High energy and power density Li–O2 battery cathodes based on amorphous RuO2 loaded carbon free and binderless nickel nanofoam architectures

Herein, amorphous RuO2 nanoflakes deposited on Ni nanofoam (NF) with diameters of ca. 30–100 nm are utilized as an innovative cathode in Li–O2 batteries for the first time. The stability of the RuO2/Ni NF cathode is shown to possess ca. 87.7% capacity retention after 75 cycles with minute alteration of the charge–discharge profiles. A capacity as high as 6537.8 mA h g−1 based on RuO2 weight can be reached at 0.02 mA cm−2 with a low charge potential of 3.78 V leading to a high voltaic efficiency of 70.11%. Energy densities range from 2702.97 W h kg−1 at a power density of 29.22 W kg−1 to 1746.32 W h kg−1 at 822.20 W kg−1. The superior performance of the RuO2/Ni NF results from the intimate contact between catalysts and current collector, and the porous nanostructure providing sufficient space for deposition of lithium oxides, and short lithium ion and oxygen diffusion pathways, as evidenced by the impedance analysis. The binder-less and carbon-free nature of the electrode prevent binder, electrode and excessive electrolyte decomposition, rendering it a prospective candidate for rechargeable Li–O2 batteries.
THE INCREASING PHENOMENON OF SECOND-HAND CLOTHES PURCHASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE LITERATURE

The global trend of second-hand clothing (SHC) consumption is significantly increasing and unstoppable. This trend has made, and will continue to make, a huge impact in the clothing industry in virtually every part of the world. However, the number of studies on SHC are still limited and more importantly, the findings are mixed and inconclusive. This study investigates the trend in SHC research between 1990 and 2014. 131 published academic articles from different disciplines were collected and content analyzed and the results indicate that SHC research was highly focused on the topics of consumption behavior, textile disposal behavior, and SHC trading related issues. In addition, the results also show that SHC research was mainly conducted from the consumers’ point of view. With the increasing interest in SHC, this study attempts to develop a better understanding of SHC phenomena and provide clear future research directions to scholars in designing SHC related research.
Coronary Venous Retroperfusion and Streptokinase Retroinfusion

An alternative method of streptokinase administration via coronary veins was examined in a limited series of closed-chest dogs with intracoronary thrombogenic coil-induced thrombosis. Applying a small streptokinase dosage (1000–2000 IU min−1) approximately 90 min from coil insertion into the proximal LAD coronary artery, thrombosis was treated by three methods (5 dogs each): (1) intermittent 10-min retrograde injections into the balloon-occluded great cardiac vein, separated by 10 min without treatment and with free coronary venous drainage; (2) continuous retrograde administration along with great cardiac vein synchronised retroperfusion of arterial blood; and{3) systemic administration simulating failed coronary venous retroinfusion. Lysis of the coronary artery clot supervened in all 15 dogs, although at different times. The results of the two retrograde techniques were similar, and exhibited initial lysis within 26·7±9·2 min (range 18–35 min) which was fully established and stabilised within 50·5±13·2 min (range 27–75 min). In contrast, corresponding initial and stable systemic lysis times were significantly longer, 75·0±35·0 min (range 50–115 min) and 113·6±60·6 min (range 65–200 min), respectively. Retrograde lysis was not associated with arrhythmias, and there was no evidence of myocardial haemorrhages. Coronary venous streptokinase administration combined with synchronised retroperfusion provides relatively rapid lysis as well as a retrograde circulatory support which extends myocardial viability and improves myocardial perfusion and cardiac function. Further studies of this alternative approach are recommended.
Deep learning for short-term traffic flow prediction

Abstract We develop a deep learning model to predict traffic flows. The main contribution is development of an architecture that combines a linear model that is fitted using l 1 regularization and a sequence of tanh layers. The challenge of predicting traffic flows are the sharp nonlinearities due to transitions between free flow, breakdown, recovery and congestion. We show that deep learning architectures can capture these nonlinear spatio-temporal effects. The first layer identifies spatio-temporal relations among predictors and other layers model nonlinear relations. We illustrate our methodology on road sensor data from Interstate I-55 and predict traffic flows during two special events; a Chicago Bears football game and an extreme snowstorm event. Both cases have sharp traffic flow regime changes, occurring very suddenly, and we show how deep learning provides precise short term traffic flow predictions.
Novel Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Uplink Utilizing Rectifier Third-Order Nonlinearity

This paper proposes a new approach for inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) tag-to-reader communication. A new technique to achieve transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) frequency separation is demonstrated. A two-tone Tx is adopted at the reader, and the third-order intermodulation (IM3) frequency generated by the tag rectifier nonlinearity is used as the Rx carrier, which is modulated by a baseband signal sent by the tag. The uplink signal at the IM3 frequency can be picked up by the reader coil. The IWPT impedance matching networks for both the reader and the tag coil can be reused efficiently, since the IM3 frequency at 5.06 GHz is close to the Tx fundamental frequencies at 4.94 and 5 GHz. Due to the Tx/Rx frequency separation, the Tx-to-Rx leakage at the Rx frequency can be suppressed by external filters to improve the Rx signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The proposed technique is implemented within a 5-GHz IWPT system, and a tiny CMOS tag with a coil size of only 0.01 mm2 is used. This paper also implements conventional direct and intermediate frequency-based backscattering uplinks for comparison, and the proposed IM3 uplink is able to improve the Rx SNR by more than 20 dB. The achieved uplink data rate (100 kb/s) is also higher than the published work (20 kb/s) that adopted the conventional backscattering method.
Reduction and Simultaneous Removal of 99Tc and Cr by Fe(OH)2(s) Mineral Transformation

Technetium (Tc) remains a priority remediation concern due to persistent challenges, including mobilization due to rapid reoxidation of immobilized Tc, and competing comingled contaminants, e.g., Cr(VI), that inhibit Tc(VII) reduction and incorporation into stable mineral phases. Here Fe(OH)2(s) is investigated as a comprehensive solution for overcoming these challenges, by serving as both the reductant, (Fe(II)), and the immobilization agent to form Tc-incorporated magnetite (Fe3O4). Trace metal analysis suggests removal of Tc(VII) and Cr(VI) from solution occurs simultaneously; however, complete removal and reduction of Cr(VI) is achieved earlier than the removal/reduction of comingled Tc(VII). Bulk oxidation state analysis of the final magnetite solid phase by XANES shows that the majority of Tc is Tc(IV), which is corroborated by XPS measurements. Furthermore, EXAFS results show successful, albeit partial, Tc(IV) incorporation into magnetite octahedral sites. Cr XPS analysis indicates reduction to Cr(III) and the formation of a Cr-incorporated spinel, Cr2O3, and Cr(OH)3 phases. Spinel (modeled as Fe3O4), goethite (α-FeOOH), and feroxyhyte (δ-FeOOH) are detected in all reacted final solid phase samples analyzed by XRD. Incorporation of Tc(IV) has little effect on the spinel lattice structure. Reaction of Fe(OH)2(s) in the presence of Cr(III) results in the formation of a spinel phase that is a solid solution between magnetite (Fe3O4) and chromite (FeCr2O4).
A fully integrated injection-locked picosecond pulse receiver for 0.29pS rms -jitter wireless clock synchronization in 65nm CMOS

This paper reports a picosecond pulse receiver based on a three-stage divide-by-8 injection-locked frequency divider. The receiver operates for pulses with center frequency of 77 GHz and locks its output to the 9.6-GHz repetition rate with an effective locking range of 142 MHz. This receiver, which consumes 42 mW dc power, is used to demonstrate wireless clock synchronization with a 0.29ps RMS timing jitter and indicates an estimated sensitivity of −65.5 dBm in detecting picosecond pulses.