cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Traveling wave solutions for case II diffusion in polymers

Case II diffusion of penetrant liquids in polymer films is characterized by constant-velocity propagation of a phase interface. We review the development of viscoelastic models describing case II diffusion and then present a phase plane analysis for traveling wave solutions. For simplified, piecewise-constant coefficient models we give closed-form analytic solutions showing the dependence on various physical parameters in both viscous and viscoelastic diffusive systems. We will also compare the results of our analysis with results from numerical simulations of more general models.
Surgical management of acne keloidalis

Acne keloidalis is an uncommon disease that predominantly affects post-pubertal males. The condition is primarily a chronic folliculitis complicated by hypertrophic scarring and multiple draining abscesses. Many patients present with advanced stages, despite prolonged non-operative treatments. Advanced stages of the disease can be easily treated with excisional cure followed by primary closure. Tissue expansion of the posterior scalp is a treatment option in very large lesions, yet simple primary closure offers an equally successful cosmetic and functional result, in lesions up to 11.5 cm in width.
The Impact of Anger between Adults on Siblings' Emotions and Social Behavior

Peer and sibling dyads (older children = 5-7 years; younger children = 2-5 years) were presented with simulations of friendly, angry, and resolution interactions between a male adult and the mother in the context of play sessions. Expressions of positive effect increased among female siblings during the anger period and continued to be more common in the resolution period than in other groups. Prosocial behavior among male siblings greatly increased in the resolution period, with siblings generally more prosocial towards each other than peers in this period. The findings suggest that siblings may attempt to buffer each other from the stress of exposure to adults' discord. Language: en
Prospects for zero days dry

Recent studies in high-producing dairy cows have demonstrated the dry period requirement is greatly influenced by parity and management practice. Multiparous cows that were continuously milked and treated with bovine somatotropin (bST) demonstrated negligible production losses in the next lactation. First-lactation heifers, however, demonstrated large reductions in milk yield. These reductions were not overcome by using bST or increased milk frequency (IMF) the next lactation. No studies have been performed examining use of long-day photoperiod or short-day photoperiod in combination with bST and IMF on the dry-period requirement. Cows that are continuously milked demonstrated much higher feed intakes during the peripartum period, which may greatly improve metabolic health. Future studies must examine potential benefits of continuous milking on health in the next lactation.
1026-88 Rise In Chronic Defibrillation Threshold Necessitating Defibrillator Lead System Revision

At least a 10J defibrillation safety margin is usually required for implantation of a defibrillator (ICD). While the defibrillation threshold (DFT) with a nonthoracotomy lead (NTL) system is known to rise during the initial 6 months following implantation, revision of the defibrillation system previously has not been reported. For epicardial lead systems, the DFT is thought to be stable. Six patients (pt) were identified with a rise in their chronic DFT resulting in a loss of a 10J DFT safety margin necessitating revision of the lead system. The mean age was 64 ± 10 and 5 pts were men. Four pts had an ischemic and 2 had a nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Two pts had epicardial and 4 pts had NTL systems and each ICD generator delivered monophasic waveform shocks. The acute DFT was determined by a step-down protocol in 5 pts. For these pts, the mean acute DFT was 17.5 ± 3.9J. Elevated DFT's were observed in 4 pts with NTL's during a 2 month post-ICD implantation evaluation of the DFT (2.8 ± 1 month), and in 2 pts with epicardial leads at replacement of the ICD generator for end-of-life battery status (at 36 and 41 months). The chronic DFT was determined by a step-down protocol and was 31.4 ± 3.8J. The integrity of the lead system was evaluated and was intact for each pt. A 10J defibrillation safety margin was achieved in each pt by either placing an additional defibrillating electrode (n = 2). placing an ICD with biphasic shocks (n = 2), or a combination of these two (n = 1). In the 2 pts with epicardial leads, one was managed with placement of a biphasic ICD and the other required placement of a transvenous defibrillating electrode and a biphasic ICD. In the 4 pts with NTL's, 1 required a biphasic lCD, 2 required the addition of epicardial patches and 1 pt refused ICD revision. The mean DFT was 17.0 ± 6.8J acutely after lead revision and, 2 months later, the mean DFT was 16.8 ± 7.5J. This is the first report describing a rise in the chronic DFT-eliminating a 10J DFT safety margin necessitating ICD lead revision for both epicardial and NTL systems. This anecdotal report suggests that routine reevaluation of the chronic DFT is necessary. When loss of the 10J safety margin is demonstrated, management is directed at obtaining an adequate defibrillation safety margin by revising either the lead configuration or the defibrillation waveform.
IFN‐γ, Produced by NK Cells that Infiltrate Liver Allografts Early After Transplantation, Links the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

The role of NK cells following solid organ transplantation remains unclear. We examined NK cells in acute allograft rejection using a high responder model (DA-->Lewis) of rat orthotopic liver transplantation. Recipient-derived NK cells infiltrated liver allografts early after transplantation. Since chemokines are important in the trafficking of cells to areas of inflammation, we determined the intragraft expression of chemokines known to attract NK cells. CCL3 was significantly increased in allografts at 6 h post-transplant as compared to syngeneic grafts whereas CCL2 and CXCL10 were elevated in both syngeneic and allogeneic grafts. CXCL10 and CX3CL1 were significantly upregulated in allografts by day 3 post-transplant as compared to syngeneic grafts suggesting a role for these chemokines in the recruitment of effector cells to allografts. Graft-infiltrating NK cells were shown to be a major source of IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma levels in the serum were markedly increased, specifically in allograft recipients, by day 3 post-transplant. Accordingly, in the absence of NK cells the levels of IFN-gamma were significantly decreased. Furthermore, graft survival was significantly prolonged. These data suggest that IFN-gamma-producing NK cells are an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses early after transplantation.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli

Aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes the NADPH-mediated reductive dephosphorylation of β-aspartylphosphate at a branch point in the biosynthesis of several amino acids. The enzyme from Escherichia coli has been crystallized by the vapor diffusion method from Tris buffer (pH 8.5) using polyethylene glycol 4000 as a precipitant. The crystals are orthorhombic and have the symmetry of space group P2221, with unit cell dimensions of a = 177.8 A, b = 59.9 A, c = 118.65 A, and α = β = γ = 90 °. The dimensions and space group are indicative of two enzyme dimers (40 kDa per subunit) in the asymmetric unit. The crystals show strong diffraction, and a native data set has been collected to 2.5 A resolution.
Periodic Lateralized Epileptiform Discharges in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A patient with AIDS, who exhibited periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges, is described. The possible implications are discussed.
Symposium: Psychological Research in Family Planning: Introduction.

The author and Tatsuo Endo organized a review session on Psychological Research in Family Planning for the 20th International Congress of Psychology which met in Tokyo in August 1972. It was the first time in the history of the Congress that a session had been devoted to psychological research in family planning. To date behavioral scientists have contributed little to the understanding of psychosocial phenomena related to family planning and population dynamics. However there is increasing interest in the interaction of individuals within family planning systems. Much psychosocial research can be focused on the complex process of couple decision making ranging from the decision to engage in sexual relations through choice of contraceptive (if any) and what to do about conception if it occurs. There was general agreement on the sensitivity of cultural economic and political aspects of family planning.
Philosophy and Madness: Sass's the Paradoxes of Delusion

This article explores the relationship between psychoanalysis and philosophy, through discussion of a recent book in which announced interpretation of Schreber's Memoirs is cross-articulated with Wittgenstein's analysis of philosophical solipsism. It shows how many of the `intellectual diseases' which preoccupied Wittgenstein have strong affinities with the symptoms described by Schreber and questions some basic assumptions which tend to be made within the psychoanalytic field.
Measurement of Rigidity, a Non-Verbal Test

This paper describes the construction and validation of a nonverbal test of rigidity (the BRT). Test items are 15 pairs of visual stimuli differing with respect to the laws of Praegnanz. Standardization on 132 students in undergraduate psychology courses indicated the necessity of separate norms for males and females. Three validation studies, employing the method of contrasted groups, established the ability of the BRT to differentiate “more rigid” from “less rigid” groups. Both odd-even and Kuder-Richardson (Form. 20) reliability coefficients were calculated, yielding values of .78, and .98, respectively. It was recommended that the use of the BRT be restricted to research purposes until studies in progress are completed.
Rotational Spectra of Argon Acetone: A Two-Top Internally Rotating Complex

Abstract The rotational spectra of the argon acetone weakly bound complex was studied by pulsed jet Fabry–Perot Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Over 500 transitions of the complex were measured between 5.5 and 26 GHz from J =2–1 to J =12–11. The two methyl groups undergo hindered internal rotation resulting in four or five internal rotation states. The microwave transitions are within these states, resulting in a splitting of each rotational transition into four and sometimes five distinct transitions. The three-fold barrier to internal rotation is determined to be 260 cm −1 , 2% less than the 266 cm −1 barrier in acetone itself. The structure of the complex has the argon atom above the heavy atom plane of the acetone, 3.52 A from the CO bond and approximately in the C s plane, which is perpendicular to the CCC plane of acetone.
Successful treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura by vincristine

Two patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) are described in whom vincristine administration appeared to play a role in successful outcomes. The first patient with chronic TTP responded partially to plasma exchange followed by plasma infusion and transiently to splenectomy, but developed a complete long lasting remission after a single injection of intravenous vincristine. The second patient developed a complete remission following vincristine administration and plasma exchange. Although vincristine's mechanism of action in TTP is obscure, we suggest that vincristine is effective in the treatment of this infrequent and often fatal disease.
Fast exhaustive-search motion estimation based on accelerated multilevel successive elimination algorithm with multiple passes

Block-based motion estimation is widely employed by many video compression systems to capture temporal correlations of the data. While the exhaustive full search block matching method can find globally optimal candidates without any loss in the matching accuracy, high computational complexity of this method limits its practical applications. Lossless block matching algorithms based on successive candidate elimination were found to be effective in reducing the complexity of the full search method. In this paper, we introduce a new breadth-first method with multiple passes to speedup the depth-first multi-level successive elimination algorithm (MSEA), by exploiting the correlations between matching metrics of different levels. Simulations showed that the proposed lossless block-matching method based on MSEA reduced the running times of the conventional full search method by about 17.5 times and 9.5 times on average for QCIF and CIF sequences, respectively, representing about 11% and 34% improvements over the MSEA.
Soy, Cotton, and the Final Atlantic Forest Frontier

From 1945 to 2000, the extent of Paraguay's Atlantic Forest was reduced from 73,000 to 12,000 square kilometers. Deforestation rates were exceptionally high from the late 1960s through to the end of the century. During this period, dual agricultural frontiers pushed into the region from both east and west, resulting in a production landscape defined by two principal commodities: soybeans and cotton. This article considers the expansion and contraction of these industries and addresses their impacts on the region's forest cover. Findings suggest that the role of cotton and smallholder agriculture has been greatly diminished as a driver of land cover change in the region since 1990. High rates of forest loss were sustained, however, partly as a result of continued pressure for agricultural expansion for soy production.
The growth of phenanthrene from naphthalene by C2H2 additions

Two paths are investigated for the growth of phenanthrene from naphthalene by the addition of C2H2 groups. The first series of steps leads to acenaphthylene (ACN), which is consistent with the path found previously. The addition of C2H2 to ACN can yield a product with two adjacent five-membered rings. Opening one five-membered ring produces a five-membered ring with CH2 side group. This can be converted to a six-membered ring in a manner analogous to the hydrogen atom catalysed fulvene to benzene conversion. A second path, with a somewhat higher barrier, can also lead to the phenanthrene product. The transition state for the second path is essentially isoenergetic with the stating material of ACN + C2H2 + H.
Psychosocial Development and First Substance Use in Third and Fourth Grade Students: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

Third and fourth grade students ( 𝑛 = 5 0 9 ) completed measures of psychosocial development, substance use, and intentions to use in January, and again in May, 1998. A revised Erikson Psychosocial Inventory Scale (EPSI) was employed to assess psychosocial development while estimates of substance use and intentions were obtained from anonymous self-reports. The sample was split on the basis of change in substance use and intentions from January to May. Using this grouping scheme as an independent variable, scores on the EPSI subscales (trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, and identity) were compared over time. Interestingly, no differences in psychosocial development were evident for the initial substance use comparisons, but differences were evident five months later. Respondents who initiated substance use and/or increased intentions during the five-month interval exhibited small gains (averaging less than 2.0%) on measures of trust, autonomy, and initiative and modest declines in industry and identity (−1.2%). Respondents who neither initiated substance use nor increased intentions during the five-month interval experienced significant gains (averaging 6.0%) on all five of the EPSI subscales. These findings suggest that early substance use may impede psychosocial development, thus justifying prevention efforts in the earlier grades as well as efforts to delay onset.
Rethinking the regulatory framework for Small Unmanned Aircraft: The case for protecting privacy and property rights in the lowermost reaches of the atmosphere

Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) have the ability operate in chaotic and heterogeneous environments near the ground that are inaccessible to manned aircraft. This is significant because navigable airspace, which is in the public domain and preempted by federal laws, is defined by the minimum safe altitudes of flight. Since many sUAS arguably have no minimum safe altitude, they could potentially expand navigable airspace to the ground, posing a serious challenge to property rights, privacy expectations, and local control. This paper discusses the issue in historical context, raises new questions about the current direction for sUAS regulation, and suggests an alternative framework that would have benefits for governmental efficiency, the civilian UAS industry, and the public at large.
The effects of viscosity on the axial motor pattern and kinematics of the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) during lateral undulatory swimming.

SUMMARY Separate studies of terrestrial and aquatic locomotion are abundant, but research addressing locomotion in transitional environments (e.g. mud) is scant. The African lungfish ( Protopterus annectens ) moves in a gradation of water to mud conditions during seasonal droughts, and breathes air. Thus, the lungfish was an ideal organism for our study to determine the effects of a wide range of viscosities on lateral undulatory swimming and to simulate some of the muddy conditions early tetrapods may have encountered. Regardless of viscosity, several aspects of lungfish swimming were similar to those of other swimming vertebrates including: posteriorly propagated muscle activity that was unilateral and alternated between the left and right sides at each longitudinal location, and posterior increases in the amount of bending, the amplitude of muscle activity and the timing differences between muscle activity and bending. With increased viscosity (1–1000 cSt), significant increases occurred in the amount of lateral bending of the vertebral column and the amplitude of muscle activity, particularly in the most anterior sites, but the distance the fish traveled per tail beat decreased. The magnitude of the phase shift between EMG onset relative to bending increased by as much as 13% of a cycle with increased viscosity, so that the muscles were increasingly active during lengthening rather than shortening. Therefore, with increased viscosity the relationship between axial muscle activity and bending in the lungfish became more dissimilar rather than converging on the motor pattern used by other ectothermic vertebrates when undulating in fully terrestrial environments.
Response to Letter by Zoppo et al

Response: We appreciate the thoughtful comments by Zoppo et al regarding the psychological impact of diet …
Association of β-Arrestin with G Protein-coupled Receptors during Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis Dictates the Profile of Receptor Resensitization *

Resensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) following agonist-mediated desensitization is a necessary step for maintaining physiological responsiveness. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the nature of GPCR resensitization are poorly understood. Here, we examine the role of β-arrestin in the resensitization of the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), known to recycle and resensitize rapidly, and the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R), known to recycle and resensitize slowly. Upon agonist activation, both receptors recruit β-arrestin to the plasma membrane and internalize in a β-arrestin- and clathrin-dependent manner. However, whereas β-arrestin dissociates from the β2AR at the plasma membrane, it internalizes with the V2R into endosomes. The differential trafficking of β-arrestin and the ability of these two receptors to dephosphorylate, recycle, and resensitize is completely reversed when the carboxyl-terminal tails of these two receptors are switched. Moreover, the ability of β-arrestin to remain associated with desensitized GPCRs during clathrin-mediated endocytosis is mediated by a specific cluster of phosphorylated serine residues in the receptor carboxyl-terminal tail. These results demonstrate that the interaction of β-arrestin with a specific motif in the GPCR carboxyl-terminal tail dictates the rate of receptor dephosphorylation, recycling, and resensitization, and thus provide direct evidence for a novel mechanism by which β-arrestins regulate the reestablishment of GPCR responsiveness.
Quantifying Polymer Swelling Employing a Linear Variable Differential Transformer: CO2 Effects on SBS Triblock Copolymer

A linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) was employed to evaluate CO2-polymer plasticization. Preliminary results on polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) elastomer are presented. At 22 °C under CO2 pressure, SBS undergoes compression due to hydrostatic pressure. However, sample expansion occurs upon depressurization. At 45 °C, SBS undergoes swelling of 0.7% due to CO2 plasticization, while no post-pressurization expansion is observed. The contrasting result is explained by change in PS domain mobility and discontinuity in the density-pressure relationship. Linear displacement of SBS as a function of time at 56 and 134 bar CO2.
Discontinuity of the exchange-correlation potential : Support for assumptions used to find it

It was shown by J. P. Perdew, R. G. Parr, M. Levy, and J. L. Balduz [Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1691 (1982)]; J. P. Perdew and M. Levy [Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1884 (1983)]; and L. J. Sham and M. Schl\"uter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1888 (1983)] that the exact Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation potential ${v}_{\text{xc}}(\stackrel{P\vec}{r})$ of an open system may jump discontinuously as the particle number crosses an integer, with important physical consequences. The original derivations of the size and nature of the discontinuity rely on an implicit assumption that, when $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J$ from above and below, the effective potential of the interacting system with particle number $N$ becomes identical (modulo a constant) to the effective potential at an integer particle number $J$ so that the Kohn-Sham orbitals change continuously as $N$ passes through $J$ at fixed external potential. We prove under mild assumptions that the noninteracting kinetic energy of the interacting system is a continuous function of the particle number (as is the density itself), and hence argue that the original assumption is likely correct; if so, then all energy components are continuous. A rigorous proof of the existence and size of the ${v}_{\text{xc}}$ discontinuity is presented in the special case where the particle number crosses 1, by showing that, even when the Levy-Lieb constrained search for a minimum kinetic energy expectation value is taken to go over ensembles instead of wave functions, the noninteracting kinetic energy is still given by the von Weizs\"acker functional for all densities with real particle number $N$ between 0 and 2 inclusive. We also prove that the von Weizs\"acker functional is a lower bound on the ensemble-search noninteracting kinetic energy for all real $Ng2$. To illustrate the ${v}_{\text{xc}}$ discontinuity and related results, we construct an analytic model density for the ${\text{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion and plot the exchange-correlation potential as the particle number approaches 1 from above and below, and 2 from below. Finally, we discuss the behavior of the free-electron continuum as the particle number crosses an integer and the case where the particle number of a hydrogen or helium atom crosses $J=2$, the maximum number of electrons they can bind.
Contribution of atrial systole to the cardiac function at a fixed and at a variable ventricular rate

Abstract 1. 1. The contribution of atrial systole to cardiovascular dynamics was described in 21 patients with complete heart block at a fixed and at a variable ventricular rate. 2. 2. It was demonstrated that a properly timed atrial systole significantly improves cardiac function in patients with complete heart block. The optimal P-R interval was found to occur between 1 and 300 msec. For this range there were 13, 14, 6, 12, 14 and 33 per cent increases in ejection time, mechanical systole, isometric contraction time, systemic pressure, peak derivative of brachial artery pressure and tensiontime index, respectively, as compared with figures obtained when atrial systole occurred during ventricular systole. 3. 3. It was also found that the contribution of atrial systole to cardiac function occurs in all ranges of ventricular rates studied (20 to 125 beats/min.). However, the maximal beneficial effect of atrial systole was found to occur for the ventricular rate in the range of 51 to 80 beats/min. 4. 4. Very short or very long P-R intervals resulted in minor changes in the measured parameters, and the figures obtained closely approach the ones determined when atrial systole occurred during ventricular systole. 5. 5. It is, therefore, concluded that atrial systole significantly improves cardiac function in man under the conditions of our study.
Rotational dynamics of a solar system body under solar radiation torques

The rotational dynamics of a small solar system body subject to solar radiation torques is investigated. A set of averaged evolutionary equations are derived as an analytic function of a set of spherical harmonic coefficients that describe the torque acting on the body due to solar radiation. The analysis also includes the effect of thermal inertia. The resulting equations are studied and a set of possible dynamical outcomes for the rotation rate and obliquity of a small body are found and characterized.
Dilute two dimensional interacting quantum fluids

Abstract The statistical mechanics of submonolayer helium films on graphite substrates are conventionally described by site localization models. However, dynamical experiments indicate high mobility so that a solid state band picture might be more appropriate. As a theoretical test case, we consider dilute two dimensional hard core quantum fluids and find logarithmic divergences not present in the well known three dimensional counterparts. These divergences are not a serious obstacle to band theoretical models which include interactions.
The coordination chemistry of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N′″-tetraacetic acid (H4DOTA): Structural overview and analyses on structure–stability relationships

Abstract 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N′″-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) is one of the preeminent carriers of metal-based radiopharmaceutics and imaging contrast agents. This review focuses on the coordination chemistry of metal–DOTA complexes with a view to addressing the variability of structures obtained and gaining insight into its diversity. Correlations on thermodynamic stabilities with structural motifs are reported. Observed trends are analyzed with a view to providing a structure–stability relationship.
Meeting the Liberalisation Challenge: Technological Learning in the Brazilian Banking Automation Industry

The opening of the Brazilian computer market to foreign enterprises and trade in 1992 presented a unique challenge to the technologically dynamic national banking automation (BA) industry. National BA firms' responses varied in relation to their size and dependence on this market segment. Despite the weight of new entrants (such as A T& T and Olivetti), the segment's leader preserved its competitive position. This paper explores how this small, national banking automation firm reoriented its hitherto successful flexible and cooperative technological strategy to face these competitive challenges. It briefly examines the firm's innovative strategy in the protected market environment. It also discusses the firm's strategic responses to the new environment and the corresponding changes in its corporate innovation process. It explores the constraints imposed on a long-term technological learning process by such reorientation. The concluding section examines the normative strategic impli cations for similar fir...
A Stochastic Theory of the Firm

We present a stochastic model of make-to-stock firms based on a buffer flow system with jumps. The cumulative production and the cumulative demand are governed by two Poisson counting processes with random intensities parameterized by production capacity and price respectively. Optimal operating and pricing policies short-run decisions and optimal capacity long-run decisions are explored by application of a two-stage optimization device. Detailed computations regarding the Poisson buffer flow system and a variation on the basic model with learning effects are also presented.
Development of an Endoscopic Fiber Optic Shape Tracker

Colon cancer is estimated to be the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the US [1], with the cost of colorectal cancer treatment reaching $8.4 billion annually [2]. Though colonoscopy is the current standard for colon cancer screening and diagnosis, the procedure has disadvantages due from the near-blind navigation process used. During the procedure, endoscopists frequently lose sight of landmarks in the colon, losing track of their locations within the colon and becoming disoriented.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Management Influences on Officer Traffic Enforcement Productivity

There is significant evidence that aggressive traffic enforcement strategies can have an impact on traffic safety, public disorder and street crime. However, individual patrol officers often devote different levels of effort to traffic patrol with some producing very high levels of citations and arrests, while others produce few or none at all. Therefore, it would be useful for police executives to know how they can effectively motivate officers to engage in high levels of traffic enforcement. This study evaluates a theoretical approach to motivating patrol officer productivity in the areas of traffic citations and drunk driver arrests, and applies this approach across a number of police agencies in one metropolitan area. The findings support this approach and suggest that patrol officer productivity in these two performance tasks is significantly predicted by management expectations, officer capability, officer opportunity, the perception of rewards, and the modelling of the behaviour by the officer's sh...
Laser action with (F(2)(+))(A) centers in additively colored lithium-doped KI.

Laser action has been achieved with lithium (F2+)A centers in additively colored KI. In preliminary measurements, this material has been tuned continuously between 2.72 and 3.67 μm. The material was coaxially pumped with a pulsed 1.73-μm Er:YLF laser, and (F2+)A centers were produced by using a selective, two-step photoionization technique. These additively colored crystals have the practical advantage of being reusable after cycling between liquid-nitrogen and room temperature.
The City Crown by Bruno Taut

Translator's Introduction In the early part of the 20th century, Bruno Taut developed an urban concept for the planning and reconfiguration of European cities to overcome national and social differ...
ARIES/IM: an efficient and high concurrency index management method using write-ahead logging

This paper provides a comprehensive treatment of index management in transaction systems. We present a method, called ARIESIIM (Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics for Index Management), for concurrency control and recovery of B+-trees. ARIES/IM guarantees serializability and uses write-ahead logging for recovery. It supports very high concurrency and good performance by (1) treating as the lock of a key the same lock as the one on the corresponding record data in a data page (e.g., at the record level), (2) not acquiring, in the interest of permitting very high concurrency, commit duration locks on index pages even during index structure modification operations (SMOs) like page splits and page deletions, and (3) allowing retrievals, inserts, and deletes to go on concurrently with SMOs. During restart recovery, any necessary redos of index changes are always performed in a page-oriented fashion (i.e., without traversing the index tree) and, during normal processing and restart recovery, whenever possible undos are performed in a page-oriented fashion. ARIES/IM permits different granularities of locking to be supported in a flexible manner. A subset of ARIES/IM has been implemented in the OS/2 Extended Edition Database Manager. Since the locking ideas of ARIES/IM have general applicability, some of them have also been implemented in SQL/DS and the VM Shared File System, even though those systems use the shadow-page technique for recovery.
Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of medulloblastoma metastatic to the pelvis.

A 25-yr-old male presented with a cerebellar mass, underwent a suboccipital craniotomy, and was diagnosed with medulloblastoma. Six months later he developed a large mass in the right iliac crest. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic medulloblastoma. The diagnosis of metastatic medulloblastoma is usually suspected clinically or radiographically, and is uncommonly confirmed by cytologic evaluation. Here we report on a rare case of FNAB used to diagnose metastatic medulloblastoma.
Spirituality and Religiousness Among American Jews

In this article we examine the association between spirituality and religiousness for Jews in the United States. Using data from the most recent National Jewish Population Survey of 2000–2001, a large national sample, we examined the extent to which these two concepts correlate. In addition, we compared the relative importance of sociodemographic factors, stressors, and Jewish contextual factors in predicting spirituality and religiousness. We found that spirituality and religiousness correlated, but modestly; some variables were predictive of both concepts (less education, younger age, experienced anti-Semitism in last year, ethnic identity, social identity), some of being highly spiritual only (female, not living in the Northeast), and others of being highly religious only (being married, having a child at home, living in the Northeast, not living in the West, and Jewish background). The differences in sociodemographic characteristics and Jewish background suggest that family life (marriage, having chil...
Moniliformin produced by cultures of Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans isolated from swine feed

Feed samples from Iowa suspected of causing vomiting and enlarged vulva as well as mortalities of swine were examined for toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon and F. moniliforme Sheldon var. subglutinans Wollenew. & Reink. accounted for 43% and 18.5%, respectively, of the total count of 4.75 X 10(5) propagules filamentous fungi per gram of swine feed, but representatives of various Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were also found. Eight isolates of F. moniliforme var. subglutinans from the feed produced 51-540 micrograms of moniliformin per g on cracked corn at 25 degrees C for six weeks. Zearalenone was not detected in these corn fermentations. Eight isolates of F. moniliforme from the feed did not produce detectable amounts of either zearalenone or monoliformin on cracked corn. Moniliformin was not detected in the feed samples.
Interfacet migration and defect formation in heteroepitaxy on patterned substrates: AlGaAs and InGaAs on GaAs (100) in MBE

We present results for lattice matched (AlxGai..xAs, x=0.5 and x=0.0) and lattice mismatched (InxGai..xAs, x□0.25) growth on patterned GaAs (100) substrates. For the AlGai..xAs structures, the GaAs substrates were patterned in the form of elongated mesas parallel to [011 II with widths of approximately 3 tim. Interfacet migration effects observed on the nesas via cross-section transmission electron microscope studies are explained in terms of a ledge-ledge interaction on the vicinal surfaces formed due to growth on the mesas. InxGai..xAs (x□0.25) structures were grown on GaAs (100) substrates patterned in the form of elongated mesas parallel to [01 11 with widths of approximately 1 tim. This patterning direction was chosen since under cutting in the [0 1 1] direction eliminates inter-facet migration effects so that compositional change induced strain effects can be minimised. For x □0.15, we find a reduction in misfit dislocation densities in films upto five times the nominal critical thickness for growths on the patterned mesas as compared to the growths on the corresponding non patterned regions. For x=0.25 no such difference is observed and a large number ofthreading dislocations ( around iO cm2) are found in both the patterned and the non patterned regions. This is believed to be a consequence of the onset ofa 3-D island growth mode. Finally we present some results for the growth of InO5Gaj"75As I AlAs resonant tunneling diode (RTD) structures and a 100 period InjUGaU8As (80 A) IGaAs (160 A) Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) such as suited for spatial light modulator (SLM) structures on GaAs (100) substrates patterned in both directions on a length scale of 12 to 20 tm. For the RTD structures we conclude that benefits from patterning are expected for x□0.25 provided the growth kinetics are appropriately adjusted to prevent 3D island growth mode. For the MQW -SLMstructure we demonstrate superior optical properties for the growth in the patterned region and a corresponding absence of threading dislocations in the central region of the mesas.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Oyster Predation by Black Drum Varies Spatially and Seasonally

Oyster reefs (Crassostrea virginica) supply important ecosystem services to estuarine habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico, but little is known of the role of fish predators in controlling their structure or areal cover on soft sediments. At two sites and during fall and spring, we employed gill nets and trot lines to remove black drum (Pogonias cromis) from experimental reefs, and assessed oyster survival in comparison to control reefs. Numbers and biomass of black drum removed from reefs varied seasonally, among sites, and among removal methods. In the fall, black drum were rare at one site and abundant at the other, but did not significantly lower oyster survival on control reefs at either site. In the spring, black drum were common at both sites, and significantly lowered oyster survival on control reefs. Oysters and epizoic hooked mussels comprised roughly a third of the fishes’ diet, and oyster mortality was closely related to the percentage of drum feeding on oysters. There was little evidence of mortality from other predators of seed oysters like stone crabs or Southern oyster drills, and a repeated measures analysis of variance indicated black drum biomass was significantly depressed on experimental reefs during the experiments. Black drum thus appear to be potentially important predators on oyster reefs, but more work needs to be done on what factors explain the temporal and spatial variation in their abundance and oyster consumption.
Potentiometric titrations with an attackable electrode the bimetallic electrode pair platinum-tungsten

Abstract The potential of a redox system at a tungsten electrode is more negative than the true electrode potential when the electrode yields an anodic current in the supporting electrolyte alone at the oxidation potential of the system The difference between the “mixed potential” at the tungsten electrode and the true electrode potential may be small or Large. The various factors which determine this difference are discussed. The tungsten potential in iron(II) - (III) systems is fairly close to the true potential if the concentration of iron(IIl) is not too small. On the otherhand, the tungsten potential in solutions containing cerium(IV) is always considerably more negative than the potential at the platinum electrode. This behavior accounts for the fact that the tungsten electrode serves as a reference electrode in the titration of 0.1 M iron(II) with 0.1 M cerium(IV). Tungsten is attacked by oxidizing agents. The reaction was observed to be zero-order with respect to iron(IIl) and first order with regard to cerium(lV). The error caused by the chemical reaction is negligibly small in the titration of0.1 M iron solutions with oxidizing agents but becomes significant in the titration of very dilute solutions
Synthetic biology: Two-for-one designer labels

Labelling of proteins with pairs of fluorophores enables their conformations to be studied; however, complete incorporation of labels in multiple, pre-defined locations is very difficult. Now, a combination of double unnatural amino acid mutagenesis and selective chemical modification offers a general method to achieve this.
Integration of multivendor imaging equipment with DICOM into PACS

DICOM provides integration solutions for PACS to interconnect multi-vendor imaging equipment, regardless of computer hardware and operating system platforms, for communication of images. This paper describes our three-year experience integrating heterogeneous imaging systems into a large-scale PACS based on DICOM. Vendor imaging equipment connected to the PACS include (1) six CT and MR imaging devices; (2) two CR systems; (3) two laser film digitizers; (4) one commercial ultrasound PACS module; and (5) eight DICOM-based display workstations. The image communication software implemented in the PACS was modified from Mallinckrodt's Central Test Node software and University of California at Davis' DICOM software to support the Unix-based and Windows NT-based computer systems, respectively. Images acquired from the individual CT/MR devices, CR systems, film digitizers, and the commercial PACS module were transmitted from the acquisition computers to the PACS Controller, where these images were routed to the display workstations and the archive server. Problems during integration included: (1) missing slice image(s) from an image sequence during the acquisition process; (2) incorrect data encoding in image header; (3) DICOM Service Object Pair Class not supported by the Service Class Provider vendor; and (4) DICOM conformance mismatching and shadow group conflict between the individual vendors. These problems were resolved by the mechanisms we implemented in our Image Acquisition Gateways and PACS Controller. The DICOM communications standard provides a simple means of interconnecting multi- vendor equipment for communication of images. However, operating a large-scale PACS configured with heterogeneous imaging systems requires significant effort in software integration to ensure data integrity and operation efficiency.
APPLICATION OF CHI SQUARE TESTS TO FITTING OF IONIC CONDUCTIVITY

In connection with a study of the high temperature conductivity anomaly for the silver halides, several forms of chi square tests have been applied to determine the statistical validity of the results. First the usual procedure for obtaining a least squares fit of conductivity us. temperature is described. Next a discussion of experimental errors shows that uncertainties in resistance, sample dimensions, and temperature measurements may give an accumulated error of around 0.5 %, and that this per cent error should be independent of temperature to a good first approximation. A chi square test is then described for the distribution of deviations in an inter-mediate temperature range, and it is shown that in favorable cases the errors can be described satisfactorily by a normal error distribution with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 0.39 % for AgCl and 0.43 % for AgBr. Finally a second form of chi square test is described to measure the goodness of fit of the fitting function based on the defect model for the conductivity. It is shown that the value of chi square increases rapidly as the upper end of the intermediate temperature region is extended into the higher temperature region where the anomaly occurs, thereby providing a rather clearly defined upper temperature limit for an acceptable fit. It is concluded that these uses of the chi square test have played an important role in the present study, and that similar uses should be valuable for analyzing the experimental results of other studies of diffusion and ionic conductivity.
Effect of a denture adhesive on complete denture dislodgement during mastication

Abstract A method of evaluating the denture stabilizing effects of a denture adhesive by means of counting denture dislodgements during the eating of a standardized portion of a test food is described. A reduction in the number of such dislodgements after application of a denture adhesive, as compared to eating the same food without adhesive applied to the denture, was used as a measure of adhesive effectiveness. Subject responses to a number of dentureperformance satisfaction parameters were also obtained. With a test adhesive, significant reductions in dislodgement were found using steak, taffy-apple, a hard-roll sandwich, and celery as test foods among 16 subjects with dentures that fit well. Analysis of subjective evaluations indicated that the test adhesive was perceived as having effected: (1) improved chewing ability, (2) reduced denture wobble, (3) improved confidence, (4) increased comfort, and (5) reduced amount of food particles collecting under the denture, all to a significant degree ( p
Understanding the Determinants of Structural Change in World Food Markets: Discussion

Some economic studies are noteworthy because of the techniques employed, others because they address complex issues. This article qualifies for inclusion in both categories. It uses a general equilibrium model to decompose changes in world agricultural trade since 1980. It tries to identify what has been responsible for the strong rise in the share of value-added commodities. Not surprisingly, the model does not explain all of the observed changes, and the authors make some bold assumptions. We should be aware of these limitations, but it would be unfair to dismiss the analysis because of them.
Identification of a glialblastoma cell differentiation factor-related gene mRNA in human microvascular endothelial cells.

Abstract Vascular endothelial cells (VEC) transduce mitogenic and chemoattractant signals in response to erythropoietin (Epo). An analysis of changes in gene expression in VEC would be helpful to understanding the molecular nature of mitogenic signals. An effective method for analysis of gene expression is through differential display. Using this approach, we obtained from Epo-treated human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) a cDNA fragment with characteristics of the 3′end of mRNA. Using the cDNA fragment, we then isolated a full-length clone from a HMVEC cDNA library. The cDNA of interest encodes a protein consisting of 404 amino acids with a carboxy-terminal end sequence identical to glialblastoma cell differentiation factor-related protein (GBDR1). Northern blot analysis showed that GBDR1 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. In Southern blot analysis, GBDR1 cDNA identified a single gene on chromosome 9. Since analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed several putative phosphorylation sites for different protein kinases, the GBDR1 protein was expressed and purified from bacterial extracts and, as predicted, casein kinase II phosphorylated GBDR1 in vitro. Immunofluoresence and biochemical data revealed that the GBDR1 protein is not entirely localized in the cytosolic fraction, suggesting that it may interact with another protein(s). These findings demonstrate that GBDR1 is an intracellular signaling molecule that may play a role in the regulation of endothelial cell growth.