cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OBGYN and Bariatric Surgery

Obesity has a major impact on women of childbearing age. Although bariatric surgery can improve overall health of the patient and increase fertility rates, there are unique considerations relevant to pregnancy. This chapter reviews nutritional and medical issues for all patients who are pregnant or planning pregnancy after bariatric surgery. Specific bariatric surgery complications and their management in this population are also discussed. With a multidisciplinary team, outcomes should be excellent.
MONITORING OF SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS AT THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA

ABSTRACT Eight solar domestic hot water systems were monitored under controlled conditions for two years. The systems delivered 1.5 - 2.0 GJ/m2 annually, with net solar system output essentially proportional to incident energy. The performance of these and other systems are discussed and compared.
Feedbacks among O2 and CO2 in deep soil gas, oxidation of ferrous minerals, and fractures: A hypothesis for steady-state regolith thickness

Abstract O2 and CO2, the two essential reactants in weathering along with water and minerals, are important in deep regolith development because they diffuse to weathering fronts at depth. We monitored the dynamics of these gas concentrations in the hand-augerable zone on three ridgetops—one on granite and two on diabase—in Virginia (VA) and Pennsylvania (PA), U.S.A. and related the gas chemistry to regolith development. The VA granite and the PA diabase protoliths were more deeply weathered than the VA diabase. We attribute this to high protolith fracture density. The pO2 and pCO2 measurements of these more fractured sites displayed the characteristics of aerobic respiration year round. In contrast, the relation of pO2 versus pCO2 on the more massive VA diabase is consistent with seasonal changes in the dominant electron acceptor from O2 to Fe(III), likely regulated by the expansion/contraction of nontronite in the soil BC horizon. These observations suggest that the fracture density is a first order control on deep regolith gas chemistry. However, fractures can be present in protolith but also can be caused by oxidation of ferrous minerals. We propose that subsurface pO2 and weathering-induced fracturing can create positive feedbacks in some lithologies that cause regolith to thicken while nonetheless maintaining aerobic respiration at depth. In contrast, in the absence of weathering-induced fracturing and depletion of pO2, a negative feedback that may be modulated by soil micro-biota ultimately results in thin regolith. These feedbacks may have been important in weathering systems over much of earth's history.
Real time canopy density validation using ultrasonic envelope signals and point quadrat analysis

We develop a non-expensive system to estimate the crop density using ultrasound sensors.Results show that the signal obtained is highly correlated with the PQA.Results show that the system has to be calibrated.Results show that the system has a small error (4.76%) during most of the season. An important goal for orchard and vineyard spraying systems is real-time adjustment of the operating parameters according to the target density, with the aim of keeping the droplets in the canopy, thus improving spray deposition and reducing spray drift. One apple orchard and two vineyards were scanned weekly using an ultrasonic system, the data provided by the sensors was correlated with the data obtained performing Point Quadrat Analysis. Results show the system has to be calibrated for each plant or variety and proved that the ultrasonic system is capable of sensing density within an average error of 4.76% during early, mid-season and full canopy, up to harvest date.
Skilled Reach Performance Correlates With Corpus Callosum Structural Integrity in Individuals With Mild Motor Impairment After Stroke: A Preliminary Investigation.

Background. Recovery of arm function after stroke is often incomplete. An improved understanding of brain structure–motor behavior relationships is needed for the development of novel and targeted ...
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Art gallery

Intersect with art that explores new territories, crosses traditional boundaries, provokes thought, reveals ideas in innovative ways, and addresses contemporary issues. Intersections features 2D, 3D, and 4D wall-hung works, sound art, installation art, art animations, electronically mediated performances, and screen-based work from throughout the world. Intersections also includes presentations of theoretical art papers, digital art panels, art talks, and a special retrospective exhibit of Charles Csuri's work from 1963 to the present.
Teachers As Dj’s

When you enter the teaching profession, you will hear a lot of music played by different D.J.s of policy, many of them playing tunes that are discordant to our students’ ears. Often this noise of standards and accountability, passed off as music, says nothing about the lives of students, especially those who have been historically at the margins of the dominant culture.
Resolving Treatment Complications Associated with Comorbid Eating Disorders

Eating disorders (EDs) represent an interesting challenge for the anxiety clinician. ED treatment often is viewed as a distinct specialty; thus, many anxiety clinicians have minimal background in the treatment of EDs. In addition, EDs often are difficult to treat even with extensive experience, and the substantial medical comorbidity and high mortality rate associated with them can make ED patients anxiety-provoking and ethically challenging for providers. Finally, individuals with EDs often are reluctant to disclose or change their ED behaviors. In this chapter we will (a) summarize findings on the co-occurrence of EDs in anxiety patients; (b) discuss how to assess for EDs in anxiety patients; (c) review empirically supported and promising treatments for EDs; (d) describe a case formulation approach for treating anxiety patients with comorbid EDs; (e) provide illustrative case examples using this approach; and (f) explore the issue of ordering of treatments for this population.
Atmospheric Transport Schemes: Desirable Properties and a Semi-Lagrangian View on Finite-Volume Discretizations

This chapter has twofold purpose. After a short introduction to the mass continuity equations in atmospheric models, desirable properties for mass transport schemes intended for meteorological applications are discussed in some detail. This includes a discussion on the complications caused by the non-linearity of most problems of interest that makes it hard to define accuracy and convergence as the ‘truth’ is not known. Thereafter, some finite-volume schemes from the atmospheric literature are reviewed and discussed. To complement the large existing literature on finite-volume schemes, a less frequently discussed semi-Lagrangian derivation of the finite-volume method is given that focuses on ‘remap-type’ schemes where the space and time discretizations are combined rather than separated. A discussion on the challenges in deriving accurate schemes intended for global models and non-traditional spherical grids is given as well.
PW 1284 Looking ahead at unintentional injury among older adults in the united states: what can we expect for a leading cause of death?

Beginning in 2011, 10 000 people in the United States (US) reach the age of 65 every day and this trend will hold for 20 years. People reaching age 65 today will, on average, live another 19 years. This aging of the Baby Boomer generation has important implications for the nation in a variety of ways, including our ability to prevent one of their leading causes of death, unintentional injury. In 2016 unintentional injury was the 7th leading cause of death among older adults in the US. However, unintentional injury includes an array of injury mechanisms; most notably falls, motor vehicle crashes, drug and non-drug poisoning, fires/burns, suffocation and drowning. While death rates from several of these mechanisms have declined, others have increased. Moreover, declining death rates may not translate into fewer future deaths given the growth in the older adult population. Comparing 2007 to 2016, annual death rates among adults age 65 and older declined in the areas of motor vehicle crashes (−14%), fires/burns (−40%), and suffocation (−13%), and increased in the areas of falls (+24%), drug (+76%) and non-drug (+23%) poisoning, and drowning (+15%). In spite of declining rates, the number of deaths increased by 12% for motor vehicle crashes (representing 837 more deaths), and 13% for suffocation (422 more deaths). The magnitude of the growth in the older adult population necessitates attention in areas that may appear to be improving based on death rates alone. Prioritizing prevention strategies should be informed by a combination of metrics. With more older adults in the population and older adults living longer, we need to redouble our efforts to attend to those causes that result in the largest public health burden, such as falls and motor vehicle crashes, and others that are substantially increasing such as poisoning.
Analyzing the economic value of thermal power plant cooling water consumption

Abstract The consumption of water by thermal power plants for cooling purposes has presented several policy and resource allocation challenges in the recent past. There is need for improved economic understanding of thermal power plant water consumption to better address these challenges. In this paper, we examine the economic efficiency of water consumption substitutes for existing thermal power plants. In the long run, a power plant could reduce water consumption by investing in efficiency improvements. In the short run, a power plant could reduce water consumption by curtailing power output. The analysis presented in this paper demonstrates that these substitutes are not economically efficient; water prices in excess of $1.00/m3 would be required for power plants to make efficiency investments or curtail output. Thermal power plants are therefore not attractive targets for water consumption reduction initiatives based on pricing alone. Furthermore, in the long run, efficiency improvements only show significant water reduction potential for the most inefficient plants. However, the findings of the short run analysis indicate that since thermal power plants are willing to pay water prices in excess of $1.00/m3 before curtailing output, these power plants do not require free reallocation of water from senior water rights holders during periods of scarcity, as has been the practice in several regions. Instead, a more efficient water policy focus would be creation of enabling environments for water market transactions. Such water market transactions could help balance competing water demands during periods of scarcity, while maintaining reliable electricity supply.
The Brassica MIP-MOD gene encodes a functional water channel that is expressed in the stigma epidermis

In crucifers, the ability of the stigma to differentially modulate hydration of pollen grains, depending on whether the pollen is recognized to be compatible or incompatible, represents a crucial stage in pollination. Our recent analysis of the mod mutation of Brassica, which results in a breakdown of the self-incompatibility response, led to the isolation of a gene linked to the MOD locus which is expressed at low levels in mod mutants. The gene is predicted to encode a plasma membrane-localized aquaporin-like protein and has been designated MIP-MOD. We utilized reporter gene analysis to demonstrate that the MIP-MOD promoter is active in Brassica papillar cells as well as in some vegetative tissues. The encoded protein is also likely to be plasma membrane-localized based on the observation that all plasma membrane-intrinsic aquaporin-like proteins in Brassica leaves are enriched in plasma membrane fractions. The MIP-MOD protein results in a low but measurable enhancement in osmotic water permeability of Xenopus oocytes and hence represents a functional aquaporin. The results are consistent with the notion that MIP-MOD is involved in the regulation of water transport across the stigma epidermal cell membrane.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Stereodivergent Synthesis of Amino Alcohols.

A wide range of amino alcohols is constructed with high levels of chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity by sequential copper-hydride-catalyzed hydrosilylation and hydroamination of readily available enals or enones.
Reflection of Literature on Using Lean Innovation Models For Start-Up Ventures

This paper discusses lean innovations and lean startup methods for the engineering management field. The aim of the literature review is to explain the methods and processes used in lean startup. First, we discuss the concept of startup and the impact that innovation has on startups and organizations seeking to implement lean innovations models. The assumption made in the hypothesis is that lean startup can be applied to areas outside of high-tech entrepreneurship. This hypothesis is further explored in the research. The findings in this paper suggest that innovation and entrepreneurship are highly influenced by innovation and company cultures. We find that technology transfer plays a key role in fostering innovation. However, there are barriers to public-private innovation partnerships, which is discussed in this paper.
Inactivation of MS2 Bacteriophage and Adenovirus with Silver and Copper in Solution and Embedded in Ceramic Water Filters

AbstractThis study investigates the inactivation of adenovirus by silver and copper in aqueous solution, compares silver and copper disinfection of adenovirus to the MS2 phage, and quantifies MS2 t...
Developing preliminary blood metabolomics-based biomarkers of insufficient sleep in humans.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Identify small molecule biomarkers of insufficient sleep using untargeted plasma metabolomics in humans undergoing experimental insufficient sleep. METHODS We conducted a crossover laboratory study where 16 normal-weight participants (eight men; age 22 ± 5 years; body mass index < 25 kg/m2) completed three baseline days (9 hours sleep opportunity per night) followed by 5-day insufficient (5 hours sleep opportunity per night) and adequate (9 hours sleep opportunity per night) sleep conditions. Energy balanced diets were provided during baseline, with ad libitum energy intake provided during the insufficient and adequate sleep conditions. Untargeted plasma metabolomics analyses were performed using blood samples collected every 4 hours across the final 24 hours of each condition. Biomarker models were developed using logistic regression and linear support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. RESULTS The top-performing biomarker model was developed by linear SVM modeling, consisted of 65 compounds, and discriminated insufficient versus adequate sleep with 74% overall accuracy and a Matthew's Correlation Coefficient of 0.39. The compounds in the top-performing biomarker model were associated with ATP Binding Cassette Transporters in Lipid Homeostasis, Phospholipid Metabolic Process, Plasma Lipoprotein Remodeling, and sphingolipid metabolism. CONCLUSION We identified potential metabolomics-based biomarkers of insufficient sleep in humans. Although our current biomarkers require further development and validation using independent cohorts, they have potential to advance our understanding of the negative consequences of insufficient sleep, improve diagnosis of poor sleep health, and could eventually help identify targets for countermeasures designed to mitigate the negative health consequences of insufficient sleep.
Pediatric provider perspectives and practices regarding health policy discussions with families: a mixed methods study.

Advocacy regarding child health policy is a core tenet of pediatrics. Previous research has demonstrated that most pediatric providers believe collective advocacy and political involvement are essential aspects of their profession, but less is known about how pediatric providers engage with families about policy issues that impact child health. The objectives of this study were to examine providers’ perceptions and practices with regards to discussing health policy issues with families and to identify provider characteristics associated with having these discussions. In this cross-sectional mixed methods study, pediatric resident physicians, attending physcians, and nurse practitioners at primary care clinics within a large academic health system were surveyed to assess (1) perceived importance of, (2) frequency of, and (3) barriers to and facilitators of health policy discussions with families. Multivariable ordinal regression was used to determine provider characteristics (including demographics, practice location, and extent of civic engagement) associated with frequency of these discussions. A subset of providers participated in subsequent focus groups designed to help interpret quantitative findings. The overall survey response rate was 155/394 (39%). The majority of respondents (76%) felt pediatricians should talk to families about health policy issues affecting children, but most providers (69%) reported never or rarely having these discussions. Factors associated with discussing policy issues included being an attending physician/nurse practitioner (OR 8.22, 95% CI 2.04–33.1) and urban practice setting (OR 3.85, 95% CI 1.03–14.3). Barriers included feeling uninformed about relevant issues and time constraints. In provider focus groups, four key themes emerged: (1) providers felt discussing policy issues would help inform and empower families; (2) providers frequently discussed social service programs, but rarely discussed policies governing these programs; (3) time constraints and concerns about partisan bias were a barrier to conversations; and (4) use of support staff and handouts with information about policy changes could help facilitate more frequent conversations. Pediatric providers felt it was important to talk to families about child health policy issues, but few providers reported having such conversations in practice. Primary care practices should consider incorporating workflow changes that promote family engagement in relevant health policy discussions.
Differences in Family-Owned SMEs’ Ethical Behavior: A Mixed Gamble Perspective of Family Firm Tax Evasion:

We develop a mixed gamble perspective of tax evasion that explains why family firms vary in how they weigh the costs and benefits of tax evasion. Testing our framework on family firms from India, w...
Specific and Nonspecific Heart Defenses in Enteroviral Infections

Enterovirus infections of humans are common [31], with the majority being asymptomatic [6]. These viruses, particularly the coxsackieviruses group B (CVB) are associated with diseases of the heart [26, 27], with acute myocarditis occurring in up to 5% of infected individuals [26, 40]. Neonatal myocarditis is a severe disease and contributes to mortality in infants and young children [6, 26, 27]. Among the CVB, coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is most frequently associated with acute myocarditis [34]. Acute disease can progress to chronic myocarditis, and clinical laboratory data suggest that some cases of chronic disease develop into idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy [26, 27, 33, 35].
Analysis of Anomalous Behavior during Negative Drain Input Operation of Fully Isolated nLDMOS

This paper presents analyses of anomalous behaviors during negative drain input operation of fully isolated nLDMOS. Unexpected I−V curves, i) multiple polarity switching of I S/BG , ii) I SUB leakage before the parasitic PNP activation and iii) abrupt increases of all terminal currents are shown. Physical mechanisms of those anomalous behaviors are clarified by TCAD simulation.
Creating a contactless pickup service at the University of Michigan library: Iterative service design and interaction safety during the pandemic

The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor had embraced service design and design thinking, but the pandemic-induced campus transition enabled staff to innovate differently. Many services transitioned t...
Nitrogen oxide emissions after nitrogen additions in tropical forests

Industrial development and agricultural intensification are projected to increase in the humid tropics over the next few decades1, increasing the emissions, transport and deposition of nitrogen-containing compounds2. Most studies of the consequences of enhanced nitrogen deposition have been performed in temperate ecosystems in which biological processes are limited by nitrogen supply; they indicate that added nitrogen is retained up to decades before losses as nitrogen oxides or as nitrate (NO3−) begin3,4,5. We measured soil emissions of two gases that are important in the atmosphere, nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO), after experimental additions of nitrogen in two tropical rainforests of Hawai'i. Growth of one of the forests was limited by nitrogen; in the other, nitrogen was abundant and growth was limited by phosphorus, as is more characteristic of most tropical forests6. Here we show that the phosphorus-limited forest lost more nitrogen oxides than the nitrogen-limited forest, and it lost equally large amounts after first-time additions of nitrogen as after chronic, long-term nitrogen additions. This forest seems to be naturally ‘nitrogen saturated’7; it and perhaps other tropical forests may not retain as much anthropogenic nitrogen as do forests in northern latitudes.
Observations of Accretion onto High Mass Stars

Observations of the H66α recombination line from the ionized gas in the cluster of newly formed massive stars, G106.–0.4, show that most of the continuum emission derives from the dense gas in an ionized accretion flow that forms an ionized disk or torus around a group of stars in the center of the cluster. The inward motion observed in the accretion flow suggests that despite the equivalent luminosity and ionizing radiation of several O stars, neither radiation pressure nor thermal pressure has reversed the accretion flow. The observations indicate why the radiation pressure of the stars and the thermal pressure of the HII region are not effective in reversing the accretion flow.
Constricted Tube System for Presumptive Identification and Differentiation of Group D Streptococci

A single, constricted tube containing two differential media to identify and differentiate group D streptococci was developed. Test results with a limited number of group D streptococcal isolates were in complete agreement with results of conventional procedures.
Ibuprofen lysine (NeoProfen) for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus.

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. In utero, blood is shunted away from the lungs due to higher pulmonary resistance. Hence, blood exits the right ventricle, moves through the ductus arteriosus, and enters into the aorta. By 6 weeks' gestation, the amount of blood flowing through the ductus arteriosus is approximately 50% to 60% of total cardiac output. Prostaglandins are potent vasodilators that keep the ductus arteriosus open in utero. Normally, pulmonary resistance begins to drop when oxygenation and ventilation occur after birth. Blood enters the pulmonary circulation, which delivers prostaglandins to the lungs, where they are metabolized and cleared. Oxygenated blood also plays a major role in the closure of the ductus arteriosus. Functional closure occurs in the majority of term neonates by 9 to 12 hours after birth. Risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) include prematurity and the presence of respiratory distress syndrome (1). The incidence of PDA is approximately 31% in neonates whose birth weight is between 501 and 1500 g (1, 2). PDA causes left-to-right shunting, which increases the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congestive heart failure, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (1, 3). In the USA, intravenous indomethacin is the drug of choice for the treatment of PDA, and it is often prescribed by neonatologists at Baylor University Medical Center. There are safety concerns regarding the use of indomethacin because it affects renal, gastrointestinal, and cerebral perfusion; hence, it can lead to transient renal dysfunction and is associated with the occurrence of NEC. In April 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of ibuprofen lysine (NeoProfen) for closure of clinically significant PDA in premature neonates <32 weeks' gestational age who weigh between 500 and 1500 g. Studies have shown ibuprofen to be as effective as indomethacin for the closure of PDA with fewer adverse effects (4).
Profile of gastric potential difference in man. Effects of aspirin, alcohol, bile, and endogenous acid.

Measurement of transmural potential difference (PD) of the human stomach using a reference electrode placed in a peripheral vein showed that PD was higher in the body of the stomach than in the antrum. Stimulation of gastric acid secretion by betazole caused only a trivial and temporary decrease in PD below the basal value, the decrease occurring shortly after the stimulus was injected and prior to the onset of peak acid output. The administration of acetylsalicylic acid, alcohol, or duodenal contents rich in bile and pancreatic enzymes all caused rapid and profound reductions in gastric PD. Maintenance of gastric PD may be a sensitive indicator of mucosal integrity in man, since changes in PD occur with agents shown to cause damage by other methods in other species.
Targeted next-generation sequencing of colorectal cancer identified metastatic specific genetic alterations

Background In colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cause of cancer and cancer death for both men and women in the USA, the steps necessary for carcinogenesis have been well defined. However, the genetic changes necessary for tumor evolution to metastasis are not as well elucidated. Therefore, we searched for the presence of mutations in key cancer genes in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer to determine whether primary or metastatic tissue is ideal for biomarker analysis and to identify putative biomarkers.
Studies of solar magnetic fields. V - The true average field strengths near the poles

An estimate of the average magnetic field strength at the poles of the Sun from Mount Wilson measurements is made by comparing low latitude magnetic measurements in the same regions made near the center of the disk and near the limb. There is still some uncertainty because the orientation angle of the field lines in the meridional plane is unknown, but the most likely possibility is that the true average field strengths are about twice the measured values (0–2 G), with an absolute upper limit on the underestimation of the field strengths of about a factor 5. The measurements refer to latitudes below about 80°.
Plant Closings: How Older Workers Are Affected

Plant closings have increased in recent years. However, social workers have given relatively little attention to the consequences of plant closings for workers, especially older workers. Here, the effects of plant closings on workers, their families, and the community are discussed through a review of the liter ature and a case study. Older workers were found to be most negatively af fected by a plant closing. Plant closings provide intervention roles for social workers. DURING THE PAST DECADE, social Joyce O Beckett union members were stripped of seniority work practitioners and sch ols hav — and job security. Moreov r, wage losses of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae-Induced Human Defensins 5 and 6 Increase HIV Infectivity: Role in Enhanced Transmission

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase the likelihood of HIV transmission. Defensins are part of the innate mucosal immune response to STIs and therefore we investigated their role in HIV infection. We found that human defensins 5 and 6 (HD5 and HD6) promoted HIV infection, and this effect was primarily during viral entry. Enhancement was seen with primary viral isolates in primary CD4+ T cells and the effect was more pronounced with R5 virus compared with X4 virus. HD5 and HD6 promoted HIV reporter viruses pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus and murine leukemia virus envelopes, indicating that defensin-mediated enhancement was not dependent on CD4 and coreceptors. Enhancement of HIV by HD5 and HD6 was influenced by the structure of the peptides, as loss of the intramolecular cysteine bonds was associated with loss of the HIV-enhancing effect. Pro-HD5, the precursor and intracellular form of HD5, also exhibited HIV-enhancing effect. Using a cervicovaginal tissue culture system, we found that expression of HD5 and HD6 was induced in response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC, for gonococcus) infection and that conditioned medium from GC-exposed cervicovaginal epithelial cells with elevated levels of HD5 also enhanced HIV infection. Introduction of small interfering RNAs for HD5 or HD6 abolished the HIV-enhancing effect mediated by GC. Thus, the induction of these defensins in the mucosa in the setting of GC infection could facilitate HIV infection. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the complexity of defensins as innate immune mediators in HIV transmission and warrants further investigation of the mechanism by which defensins modulate HIV infection.
Role of p38 MAP kinase in diperoxovanadate-induced phospholipase D activation in endothelial cells.

We previously demonstrated that diperoxovanadate (DPV), a synthetic peroxovanadium compound and cell-permeable oxidant that acts as a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor and insulinomimetic, inc...
Nuclear Envelope of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Re-formation of the Nuclear Envelope following Mitosis

We have developed a technique for isolating nuclei and nuclear envelope(s) (NE) from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which does not depend on the use of detergents to solubilize contaminating cytoplasm. In our procedure NE are prepared from purified nuclei by nuclease digestion and subsequent high salt-sucrose gradient centrifugation. The nuclei and NE fractions are free of significant contamination by other subcellular organelles as judged by electron microscopy and enzyme analysis. Examination of the peptide and glycopeptide composition of the NE fraction by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals a very complex coomassie blue staining profile with prominent bands in the 55 000-75 000 molecular weight range. Using this NE isolation technique, we have examined the breakdown and re-formation of the NE during a limited stage (late G2, M, and early G1) of the replicative cycle in synchronized populations of CHO cells. Our data demonstrate that a minimum of 60% of the early G1 NE protein and a minimum of 50% of the early G1 NE phospholipid were present in the cell during the preceding G2 phase of the cell cycle and were reutilized in the re-formation of the NE occurring during late M and early G1. Our evidence suggests that the vast majority of the newly synthesized peptides and glycopeptides of the NE which appear in the daughter NE are synthesized during the early G1 phase of the replicative cycle. Examination of the NE peptides by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis suggests that no reproducible changes in NE peptide composition can be correlated with specific phases of the cell cycle.
A fly with an ointment: Bcl-2 as an anti-mutator in tumors.

No Abstract AvailableCommentary to: Title: Apoptosis Inhibitor as a Suppressor of Tumor Progression: Expression of Bcl-2 Eliminates Selective Advantages for p53-Deficient Cells in the TumorAuthors: Katerina V. Gurova, Serena S. S. Kwek, Igor E. Koman, Andrei P. Komarov, Eugene Kandel, Mikhail A. Nikiforov and Andrei V. GudkovPage Numbers: 39-44
Integrated network design and scheduling problems with parallel identical machines: Complexity results and dispatching rules

We consider the class of integrated network design and scheduling INDS problems that focus on selecting and scheduling operations that will change the characteristics of a network, while being specifically concerned with the performance of the network over time. Motivating applications of INDS problems include infrastructure restoration after an extreme event and building humanitarian logistics networks. We examine INDS problems under a parallel identical machine scheduling environment where the performance of the network is evaluated by solving classic network optimization problems. We prove that all considered INDS problems are NP-hard. We propose a novel heuristic dispatching rule algorithm framework that selects and schedules sets of arcs based on their interactions in the network. These interactions are measured by examining network optimality conditions. Computational testing of these dispatching rules on realistic data sets representing infrastructure networks of lower Manhattan, New York demonstrates that they arrive at near-optimal solutions in real-time.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 634, 306-326 2014
Consequences of aggressive threats by Betta splendens

Male Siamese fighting fish continued to approach visual stimuli associated with conspecifics in the absence of opportunities to perform threat displays or to attack. Dominant fish performed more operant responses than subordinates when such responses led to the appearance of their own mirror images, and all fish learned to delay their threat displays if these resulted in disappearance of the mirror image. In a second experiment, subjects overwhelmingly preferred to view conspecifics (to whom they frequently displayed) compared to no stimulus or members of other species (to whom they did not display). The functions of threat displays in aggressive encounters is discussed.
Cirrus crystal nucleation by homogeneous freezing of solution droplets

A numerical model consisting of a system of differential equations is used to study cirrus crystal nucleation in a rising parcel containing a distribution of cloud condensation nuclei. The evolution of the particle population and the thermodynamic variables in the parcel are examined. The results suggest that, if homogeneous freezing is not considered, liquid water should be detected below -40 C. If homogeneous freezing is considered, the rapid growth of ice crystals and vapor depletion prevent water saturation from being reached. It is shown that the likelihood of a droplet being frozen is increased by lower temperatures, larger droplet diameter, or lower solution density.
170 IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF BISON EMBRYOS

The North American bison is a symbol of Native American heritage and the American West as well as being an increasingly important agricultural species. Reproductive technologies in bison lag behind those of cattle. Blastocyst production rates were low (<10%) in the only study of in vitro production of bison embryos (Thundathil et al. 2007 Theriogenology 68, 93–97). Our aims were to assess the application of our bovine in vitro embryo production system (De La Torre-Sanchez 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 585–596) to bison gametes and evaluate the effect of adding FCS at different stages of the process. Initially, we performed homologous and heterologous inseminations with bison and cattle oocytes collected from abattoir ovaries and frozen-thawed epididymal bison sperm and ejaculated cattle sperm. Ovaries from both species were processed on the same day and a single straw of semen per species was used to fertilize all oocytes in each of 3 to 5 replicates. Culture media and conditions were identical for each treatment. Cleavage rates from the homologous IVF were 87% (86/99) for bison and 82% (164/199) for cattle. Bison oocytes with cattle sperm resulted in 88% (76/86) cleaved and cattle oocytes with bison sperm resulted in 69% cleaved (133/192; P < 0.01). Day 7 blastocyst rates per oocyte and per 8-cell stage, respectively, were 16 and 27% for cattle embryos, 6 and 13% for cattle oocytes with bison sperm, 10 and 16% for bison oocytes with cattle sperm and 7 and 9% for bison embryos. Experiments for bison embryos were then designed to evaluate the effect of adding 10% FCS to the maturation medium and 5, 2.5, or 0% to CDM2, the culture medium used after the 8-cell stage. Cleavage rates for oocytes matured in 10% FCS were 50% (202/405) and were 61% (206/337) in the absence of FCS. Day 7 blastocyst rates per oocyte and per 8-cell stage, respectively, of embryos matured in 10% FCS and then cultured in CDM2 + FCS were 12 and 26% in 5% FCS; 5 and 15% in 2.5% FCS; and 1 and 2.5% in 0% FCS. Similarly, Day 7 blastocyst rates of embryos matured without FCS but in CDM2 + FCS were 13 and 30% in 5% FCS, 1 and 4% in 2.5% FCS and 2 and 6% in 0% FCS. In a subsequent experiment, 5% FCS was added to CDM1 (culture medium for presumed zygotes through the 8-cell stage), CDM2, or both, but not to the maturation medium. Cleavage rates of bison embryos cultured with or without FCS in CDM1 were 63% (62/99) and 72% (145/202), respectively. Blastocyst rates of embryos cultured in CDM1 + FCS were 16% per oocyte and 36% per 8-cell stages in CDM2 + FCS and 0% in CDM2-FCS. Blastocyst rates of embryos cultured in CDM1 without FCS were 16% per oocyte and 25% per 8-cell stage in CDM2 + FCS and were 1% per oocyte and 2% per 8-cell stage in CDM2-FCS (P < 0.10). Adding 5% FCS to culture medium after embryos have reached the 8-cell stage greatly improved blastocyst rates of in vitro-produced bison embryos. Bison reproduction is highly seasonal and this work was conducted outside the bison breeding season. It is unknown if FCS would influence blastocyst rates when oocytes are collected from bison ovaries during the breeding season.
National Testing or Political Testing: I s There a Difference?

Are two national reports on standardized testing realistic or simplistic? What is the difference between “political” testing and conventional testing? What are some likely consequences of politicizing school testing?
Mandibular Growth, Remodeling, and Maturation During Infancy and Early Childhood

Abstract Objective: To describe the growth, maturation, and remodeling changes of the mandible during infancy and early childhood. Materials and Methods: Seven Bolton-Brush Growth Study longitudinal cephalograms (N = 336) of each of 24 females and 24 males, taken between birth and 5 years of age, as well as early adulthood, were traced and digitized. Five measurements and nine landmarks were used to characterize mandibular growth, remodeling, and degree of adult maturity. Results: Overall, mandibular length showed the greatest growth changes, followed by ramus height and corpus length. Corpus length was the most mature of the three linear measures; ramus height was less mature than overall mandibular length. The greatest growth rates occurred between 0.4–1 year; yearly velocities decelerated thereafter. The ramus remodeled superiorly only slightly more than it remodeled posteriorly. Male mandibles were significantly (P ≤ .05) larger, displayed greater growth rates, and were significantly less mature tha...
Breaking ground on the virtual frontier: Surveying civic life on the internet

The Internet provides a virtual frontier to expand our access to information and to increase our knowledge and understanding of public opinion, political behavior, social trends and lifestyles through survey research. Comparable to other technological advancements, such as the telephone and the computer, the Internet presents opportunities that will impact significantly on the process and quality of survey research now and in the twenty-first century. Cyberspace permits us to move beyond traditional face-to-face, mail and telephone surveys, yet still to examine basic issues regarding the quality of data collection: sampling, questionnaire design, survey distribution, means of response, and database creation. This surveys include those posted on LISTERV mailing lists, USENET newsgroups, and the World Wide Web. A survey on politics and civic life, conducted by the authors, is used as a case study.
Genomic analysis of severe hypersensitivity to hygromycin B reveals linkage to vacuolar defects and new vacuolar gene functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a seminal model for studies of lysosomal trafficking, biogenesis, and function. Several yeast mutants defective in such vacuolar events have been unable to grow at low levels of hygromycin B, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. We hypothesized that such severe hypersensitivity to hygromycin B (hhy) is linked to vacuolar defects and performed a genomic screen for the phenotype using a haploid deletion strain library of non-essential genes. Fourteen HHY genes were initially identified and were subjected to bioinformatics analyses. The uncovered hhy mutants were experimentally characterized with respect to vesicular trafficking, vacuole morphology, and growth under various stress and drug conditions. The combination of bioinformatics analyses and phenotypic characterizations implicate defects in vesicular trafficking, vacuole fusion/fission, or vacuole function in all hhy mutants. The collection was enriched for sensitivity to monensin, indicative of vacuolar trafficking defects. Additionally, all hhy mutants showed severe sensitivities to rapamycin and caffeine, suggestive of TOR kinase pathway defects. Our experimental results also establish a new role in vacuolar and vesicular functions for two genes: PAF1, encoding a RNAP II-associated protein required for expression of cell cycle-regulated genes, and TPD3, encoding the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. Thus, our results support linkage between severe hypersensitivity to hygromycin B and vacuolar defects.
Self-Assembling Nanostructures

A new generation of biomaterials will, by design, harness the power of surfaces to direct specific processes
Can Private Placement Life Insurance Still Be Used as a Tax Efficient Vehicle to Invest in Tax Inefficient Hedge Funds

Private placement life insurance (PPLI) policies are custom-written life insurance or annuity contracts that receive the preferential tax treatment afforded most life insurance products. This tax-free status, as well as the owner9s ability to designate an investment manager, has made PPLIs an attractive way to invest in traditionally tax-inefficient assets such as hedge funds. The Internal Revenue Service, however, disapproves when variable annuity or life insurance contracts are used primarily as investment vehicles and has shown its displeasure in the form of lawsuits and rule revisions that attempt to end the practice. In 2005, the IRS struck down a key provision of the internal revenue code that allowed investors to gain exposure to hedge funds through PPLIs. This raised the question of whether PPLIs are still a viable way for investors to gain tax-preferred exposure to hedge funds. The article explores this question and concludes that PPLIs can, with limitations, still be used to gain tax-preferred exposure to hedge funds.
Zen and the Art of Higher Education Maintenance: bridging classic and romantic notions of Quality 1

Abstract In the classic Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Robert Pirsig clarifies the meaning of quality in higher education. He identifies two ways of viewing quality‐‐classic and romantic. He argues that the fullest meaning of quality contains both. Using Pirsig's insight as a point of departure, this article explores the nature of both romantic and classic quality in higher education. The ideas of Alfred Whitehead are used to clarify the nature of romantic quality in university life. Finally, the contemporary Quality literature is examined using insights from Pirsig, Dewey and Whitehead. 1I would like to thank members of the committee and SWT colleagues such as Gordon Thyberg, Suji Singh, Brian Montgomery, Sue Hall, Kathlyn Dailey, Kim Graves, Bruce Renfro, Sue McCullough, Vicki Meehan‐Clark, Vince Luizzi, Nancy Warren, Jeff Kaufmann, George Weinberger, and Susan Griffith for their insight and encouragement. Special thanks to Kenneth Ashworth, former Texas Commissioner of Higher Education, for...
Scanning electron microscopy of epiplexus macrophages responding to challenge by bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

The present investigation examined the morphological characteristics of epiplexus macrophages following a single intracisternal injection of the antigen, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Three days following injection of BCG (0.5–4.0×108. viable microorganisms), mongrel dogs were perfused with buffered aldehydes. The choroid plexus of the lateral and third ventricles was removed and routinely prepared for scanning or transmission electron microscopy. Choroid plexuses from normal animals (no BCG) injection) were similarly prepared. Macrophages of normal animals possessed smooth cell surfaces with usually one to three cytoplasmic processes. Following BCG injection, a 10-fold increase in the epiplexus macrophage population was observed. Furthermore, the majority of these cells presented an abundance of cell surface microappendages; including blebs, ruffles and microvilli. Cell processes and microvilli frequently mediated contacts between widely separated macrophages. These associations may play a role in the initiation and/or maintenance of the cellular immune response to BCG.
Learning beyond the known

In this paper issues related to adult learning, such as self-directed and experiential learning are shown to hold a trace of the unknown, which has implications for psychotherapy training and practice. The unknown is traced through the problematic of individualistic approaches that restrict the emergence of unknowns by limiting possibility of the other, hindering recognition of our own cultural position and seeking to avoid anxiety. Learning is also shown to have links with experiences of change and loss, having in common the generation of anxiety, seen as both the driving force to know and the need to close down unknowing. Subsequently, learning is viewed as involving the potential to repeat the already known as well as opening up the possibility for something new. Psychoanalysis and continental philosophy are shown, in different ways, to help our understanding of the reasons for the anxiety occurring in times of transition, also showing the way fragmentary experiences act as a reminder of death. It is p...
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck: Report on eighty-eight cases

Abstract Of eighty-eight patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck, forty-eight were female and forty were male patients. Ages ranged from two weeks to seventy-seven years. Sixty-three were children (average age: 6.8 years) and twenty-five were adults (average age: 37.6 years). In nearly 60 per cent of patients the tumor occurred in the orbit, nasopharynx, or nose. The presenting complaint was usually that of a rapidly enlarging, asymptomatic mass. Half the patients had had evidence of the tumor for three months or less and only six had had it for more than a year on admission. Seventy-eight per cent of patients are known to have died as a result of the tumor, 49 per cent within the first year, 20 per cent in the second year, and 9 per cent within three to five years after admission. Eight patients (nine per cent) are known to be alive and free of disease twenty-one months to twenty years after admission, one patient (1 per cent) is alive with tumor metastasis, and ten (11 per cent) have been lost to follow-up study. Of the eight surviving patients assumed to be free of disease, one was treated by surgery alone, five by combined surgery and radiation, and two by radiation only. Histologically, the tumor often presents a varied pattern that in part may be readily confused with many quite dissimilar neoplasms, among which are reticulum cell sarcoma, neuroblastoma, myxoma, and amelanotic melanoma. An error in tissue diagnosis may be minimized by securing adequate and representative tissue for biopsy and by awareness of a chance encounter with such a lesion.