cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reflections on “a View from across the Grand Canyon” (by Richardson and Anders) and the Compatibility of Qualitative and Quantitative Research:

Richardson and Anders are only partly correct in their assertion that differences in perspective and philosophy between education researchers such as themselves and many of the special education researchers who wrote for this issue correspond to differences between special education teachers and general education teachers. Although such differences may be typical, they reflect just one level of a deeper division concerning both educational reform and educational research that has existed for most of the century within the entire field of education. Special education research has typically followed an "empiricist" tradition, tending to focus on measurement (e.g., Thorndike, Bloom, Deno) and theories of learning and teaching rooted in the study of observable behaviors (e.g., Gagne, Becker, Gage, Brophy, Rosenshine). This tradition has always maintained that delineating specific aspects of human behavior that engender quantifiable indicators of learning is the major goal of educational research. Within this tradition it is further maintained that rigorous research of this type can lead to generalizable, replicable teaching procedures that will produce widespread and predictable increases in student achievement. In special education, researchers with this orientation have begun to build an empirical knowledge base of effective instructional practices founded on experimental studies that demonstrate the quantitative impact of welldefined and observable teaching procedures and strategies. Most of the researchers in this special issue and many members of the special education research community espouse this tradition. This tradition and its goals are reflected, for example, in Greenwood's article where he delineates specific empirical findings associated with accelerated learning and argues for increased use of these procedures and strategies. The other tradition is more difficult to label, but is characterized by calls for radical reform of teaching (Ashton, 1996) and by a subjectivist, qualitative approach to research methods and knowledge generation. Various theorists such as Freud in the 1930s (and again, via the neo-Freudians in the 1960s), Piaget and, most recently, Vygotsky have helped inform this school of thought. To many, Dewey most forcefully articulated this viewpoint. By and large, researchers and scholars from this tradition write in a more passionate and
More Power to X-Rays: From Ultrafast Dynamics of Metal Complexes to Enhanced Damage to DNA

X-ray spectroscopy was used to investigate charge transfer and subsequent events such as structural rearrangement and radical generation in metal complexes including metal nanoparticles. Several new phenomena were observed and the accompanying mechanisms were investigated.
Induction of Paradoxical Sleep by Lights-Off Stimulation.∗:

SummaryParadoxical sleep occurred in rats in response to a 5-minute period of “lights-off” stimulation. Usually the paradoxical sleep episode had ended before the lights came on again. The “lights-on” stimulus did not appear to produce any changes in the sleep-wakefulness cycle.
Using the eigenmode expansion for computing the supercontinuum spectral distribution from a slab of two-level atoms

This Brief Report gives the spectral distribution of the supercontinuum generated from a system of initially partially excited two-level atoms. The expansion in the eigenfunctions of the one-dimensional Li\'enard-Wiechert kernel which was successful in obtaining previously the results in the linear regime is generalized to the nonlinear regime. The detailed spectral distribution of the emitted radiation is computed without invoking either the phenomenological simplified physical model for the active medium or the mathematical approximations commonly used in treating propagation in absorbing media. The numerical solutions presented are those of the complete set of the coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations.
Metabolic Acidosis: Physiology, Presentation, and Diagnosis

Uncomplicated metabolic acidosis (MA) is characterized by hypobicarbonatemia with low serum pH. The overproduction of ketoacids, lactic acid, or pyroglutamic acid, the ingestion of ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, paraldehyde, or salicylates, and the retention of fixed acid in renal failure cause MA with increased anion gap (AGMA). Diarrhea, ammonium or acid ingestion, and renal tubular acidosis (RTA) cause metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (NAGMA). In proximal RTA the proximal tubule fails to reabsorb filtered bicarbonate normally and bicarbonate wasting develops. Proximal RTA is most often seen as part of the De Toni–Fanconi syndrome. Causes include hereditary conditions and drug toxicity. Distal RTA is marked by inability to lower urine pH normally or by diminished ammonium excretion. Distal RTA can be further characterized by the measurement of serum potassium, renin, and aldosterone levels. Causes of distal RTA include drugs, interstitial renal nephritis, hereditary diseases, low mineralocorticoid levels, and urinary tract obstruction. The diagnosis of MA in mixed acid–base disorders is more complicated. Diagnosis here involves the use of acid–base nomograms or equations to estimate the normally expected physiological compensation and also involves the comparison of changes in anion gap with changes in bicarbonate concentration.
Systems Thinking and Isomorphism in SF Supervision

Systems thinking has been and continues to be influential in SF supervision conceptualization, development, and application. Some of the earliest publications on SF supervision reveal a close affinity to the systems paradigm. Wetchler’s (1990) article was the first SF supervision publication in the USA, and his organizing ideas were based on systems. My early workshops on solution-focused supervision, presented about the same time as Wetchler’s publication, were guided by systems thinking (Thomas 1990, 1992), and the usefulness of systems thinking has been a constant thread through the history of SF supervision publication and training, especially when applied to organizations such as schools, agencies, and universities. For example, Franklin and Streeter (2003) write about applying a SF approach within a large urban high school: “Solution-focused therapists have incorporated the systemic idea of wholism in their approach. Wholism asserts that by changing one part of a system, a ripple effect takes place which results in a change in the entire system” (p. 6) (see “small change” discussion below). Miller and McKergow (2012) promote the usefulness of complexity theory and the place of systems thinking within it: “We see complexity theory as a useful framework for describing SFBT (solution-focused brief therapy) practices and their implications for clients’ lives” (p. 164). Systems thinking is utilized in the description and understanding of the SF supervisory process in research as well (Rudes, Shilts, and Berg 1997; Smock, McCollum, and Stevenson 2010; Triantafillou 1997). So whether one sees it as a vestige of early SF development or a vital part of the approach’s continued development, systems thinking is inextricably entwined in clinical, organizational, and supervisory approaches.
The Larger Setting: Regional Analysis and Ethnoarchaeology

This chapter discusses a few aspects of contemporary site size, organization, interaction, and distribution that bear on the interpretation of archeological remains. The data for Aliabad, viewed from a larger perspective, suggest that it might provide a useful model in interpreting excavated remains of archeological settlements comparable in form; the regional pattern outlined in the chapter should interest archeologists utilizing surface survey data. The chapter discusses some of those features of this larger contemporary landscape. It reviews selected aspects of contemporary settlement patterning and land use in central western Iran and adjoining areas to describe and evaluate contemporary data that might be useful in interpreting archeological material collected and analyzed from a regional perspective. On average, rural settlements in this area are just a few hectares in size, with population densities of well below 150 persons per hectare. Villagers live in households of 5 or 6 persons and require something on the order of 0.5 ha per capita per annum for subsistence.
How Do Parents Foster Young Children's Math Skills?

Identifying the factors that foster math learning during early childhood is crucial given strong associations between these early skills and later school success. Despite theoretical arguments that the home environment and parents’ practices could support children's math abilities, little research addresses this possibility, especially compared to the breadth of research addressing literacy practices in the home. In this article, we review the literature on how the home numeracy environment may relate to children's math skills and argue that more methodological rigor is needed in these measures. Specifically, we highlight potential alternative dimensions of parents’ math practices beyond the conventional distinction between formal and informal activities, and we discuss directions for investigation. We argue that improving measures of the home numeracy environment may help resolve the mixed pattern of findings in the literature and further support the development of math skills in early childhood.
Long-term clinical outcomes after intrathoracic stomach surgery: a decade of longitudinal follow-up.

A subset of patients with large paraesophageal hernias have more than 75% of the stomach herniated above the diaphragm; such cases are referred to as intrathoracic stomach (ITS). Herein, we report longitudinal symptomatic outcomes over a decade after surgical ITS repair in a large patient cohort. Patients who underwent surgical treatment for ITS from 01/2004 to 05/2016 were studied. Preoperative and follow-up data were prospectively collected. Patients completed a standardized symptom questionnaire 1 year postoperatively and at 2-year intervals thereafter. In total, 235 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 70.0 ± 11.6 years; 174 patients (74.0%) were women. Surgical procedures included 7 transthoracic repairs and 228 transabdominal repairs (222 laparoscopic, 2 open, 4 laparoscopic-to-open conversions). Anti-reflux procedures were performed in 173 patients (73.6%). 33 patients (14.0%) had mesh reinforcement of hiatal closure; 11 (4.7%) underwent Collis gastroplasty. Follow-up symptom questionnaires at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 years were available for 81, 48, 47, 30, 33, and 38% of patients, respectively. Significant and lasting symptom improvement was reported at all follow-up time points. Mean satisfaction scores of 9.3, 9.1, 9.3, 9.0, 9.5, and 9.8 on a 1–10 scale were recorded at the aforementioned intervals. Long-term clinical outcomes confirm that laparoscopic ITS repair is safe and durable, and is associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction and symptom resolution.
Topology Learning in Radial Distribution Grids

Overview Chapter Accurate estimation of the state and topology of the distribution grid is hindered by the limited placement of real-time flow meters and breaker statuses at distribution grid lines. In recent years, increasing presence of smart devices and sensors at households have made measurements of consumption and voltages available at distribution buses. This chapter discusses greedy algorithms to learn the grid topology using voltage measurements collected at a subset of the buses in the distribution grid. The distribution grids are operated in a radial topology. This topological restriction leads to provable trends in voltage second moments (covariances) and enables the design of our learning algorithms. For the case where voltage measurements are available at all grid buses, our framework does not require any additional information related to line impedances of grid lines or consumption statistics at buses to estimate the operational topology. Further in presence of such information, we demonstrate guaranteed topology learning in scenarios with varying fraction of “missing” buses that have no voltage measurements. The efficiency of the algorithms is highlighted by their computational complexity that scales polynomially in the number of grid buses.
Surface Topography Hinders Bacterial Surface Motility.

We demonstrate that the surface motility of the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is hindered by a crystalline hemispherical topography with wavelength in the range of 2–8 μm. The motility was determined by the analysis of time-lapse microscopy images of cells in a flowing growth medium maintained at 37 °C. The net displacement of bacteria over 5 min is much lower on surfaces containing 2–8 μm hemispheres than on flat topography, but displacement on the 1 μm hemispheres is not lower. That is, there is a threshold between 1 and 2 μm for response to the topography. Cells on the 4 μm hemispheres were more likely to travel parallel to the local crystal axis than in other directions. Cells on the 8 μm topography were less likely to travel across the crowns of the hemispheres and were also more likely to make 30°–50° turns than on flat surfaces. These results show that surface topography can act as a significant barrier to surface motility and may therefore hinder surface exploration by bacteria. Because surfa...
Advance provision of emergency contraception to young men: An exploratory study in a clinic setting.

Abstract Purpose To explore the acceptability of advance provision of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) to young men seeking health care. Methods For this exploratory study in a clinic setting, we approached young men aged 16–35 to participate in a survey eliciting socio-demographics, sexual and contraceptive history, and knowledge about ECPs. We offered young men advance provision of ECPs and compared characteristics of 126 young men who did and did not accept the ECPs. Results Most (76%) of the participants accepted advance provision and left with an ECP pack, with even higher proportions among males whose sexual histories were suggestive of increased risk of involvement in an unintended pregnancy. Conclusions This study holds promise to inform scale up of advance provision of ECPs among young men.
Development of the CIDSS2 Score for Children with Mild Head Trauma without Intracranial Injury

Abstract While most children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) without intracranial injury (ICI) can be safely discharged home from the emergency department, many are admitted to the hospital...
Impacts of hardware nonlinearities on compressive sensing performance

In previous work, we have exploited prior knowledge of target signals to design compressive measurement kernels for fast-time sub-Nyquist sampling. The kernels were designed to maximize the Shannon mutual information between the measurement and the target signals to be estimated. We showed that in cases where the radar system is resolution-limited rather than noise-limited, compressive sensing (CS) could provide a performance benefit for these applications, despite the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss inherent in radio frequency compressive sensing. Hence, the largest performance gains were seen at high SNR. On the other hand, both the kernel optimization and the signal reconstruction are model based, meaning they are highly dependent on an accurate forward model of the sensing process. Because sub-Nyquist analog-to-digital conversion requires analog multiplication and lowpass filtering, the forward model must accurately quantify the signal operations in order for CS-based techniques to reach their full utility. In this paper, we model inaccuracies in the analog multiplier via third-order non-linear terms in the sensing model and quantify their effect on overall performance.
L1-Type Cell Adhesion Molecules: Distinct Roles in Synaptic Targeting, Organization, and Function

L1-type cell adhesion molecules are known to be involved in several early developmental processes such as neurite outgrowth, axon guidance, fasciculation, and cell migration. In this chapter, we review their less well-studied roles in synaptogenesis. Despite the limited number of studies that has been conducted to assay the cellular mechanisms involving L1-type CAMs at the synapse, the breadth and scope of their synaptic functions described so far are astonishing. The functions for the various L1-type members range from synaptic targeting and synapse formation to synaptic transmission in GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid), glutamatergic, and cholinergic synapses in the CNS or the NMJ. Some of these functions are conserved and shared between all L1-type family members while others are distinct to a particular member. Exciting discoveries will continue to be made in elucidating the roles L1-type cell adhesion molecules play at the synapse.
Heuristics, biases, and the regulation of risk

Research by cognitive psychologists has led to the identification of systematic deviations from rationality – termed heuristics and biases – in people's judgment and decision making. These heuristics and biases form the core of behavioral decision theory, a descriptively accurate model of human judgment and choice. This article describes key heuristics and biases and discusses their effects on policy outcomes in the area of risk regulation. Heuristics and biases can affect both the demand for risk regulation by the public, and also the manner in which political actors and institutions choose to manage risk. Analyzing regulatory policy through the interpretive framework of heuristics and biases can help to explain regulatory outcomes considered by rational choice analyses of the public policy process as paradoxes and anomalies. The utility of this interpretive framework is explored through an examination of the origin, persistence, and repeal of the Delaney Clause – a key paradox in the context of risk regulation in the United States.
Cyanogen Bromide Fragments of Mouse IgG2a and IgG2b which Bind to their Fc Receptors on Mouse Macrophages

Abstract We have been studying which portions of mouse IgG2b and IgG2a immunoglobulins are recognized by their specific Fc receptors on mouse macrophages by using CNBr fragments. One fragment from the C H 2 domain of IgG2b binds uniquely to the γ2b Fc receptor while the γ2a Fc receptor binds two fragments, widely spaced, one from the C H 2 domain and one from the C H 3 domain. In both a rosetting assay and a radioactive binding assay, fragments H-5 and H-10 compete with intact IgG2a protein for binding to the γ2a Fc receptors. In addition, the binding of H-10 appears to augment the binding of the H-5 fragment. These data suggest that 1) a sequence in the C H 2 domain is sufficient for binding to the γ2b Fc receptor, 2) sequences of two domains are important in the binding of IgG2a to its Fc receptor on mouse macrophages and 3) the binding of a sequence from the C H 3 domain may induce a conformational change in the receptor such that binding to a sequence in the C H 2 domain is increased or stabilized.
An Overview of Quantitative Proteomic Approaches

Abstract An overview of quantitative proteomic approaches is presented in this chapter. Proteome analysis technologies both using and not using mass spectrometry are discussed. Nonmass spectrometric methods include gel-based approaches, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, surface plasmon resonance, and lab-on-a-chip. Mass spectrometric methods are covered more extensively. Discussions include derivatization-free and derivatization-based quantitation, activity-based probes, sample enrichment techniques, mass spectrometers, software, and sample throughput considerations. All of the subjects are exemplified with recent applications in the literature.
Guatemala—Paradise Lost: The Journey Away from the Land of Eternal Spring

This chapter explores the history, resilience, and colonization of the Maya people in Guatemala. It provides a historical and present context for understanding the difficult choices and journey Maya migrants make away from the land of eternal spring (Guatemala) to the land of promise (the United States). Barriers and supports to successful migration and good mental health are presented.
The role of translocator protein in prostate cancer

311 Translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18kDa cholesterol binding protein involved in various cellular functions. It is primarily localized to the mitochondrial membrane but has also been shown to localize to the nucleus. Although expressed in most tissues, TSPO levels are highest in steroidogenic tissues suggesting a potential hormonal relationship. TSPO has been shown to be upregulated in numerous malignancies, including prostate, breast, ovary, skin, liver, colon, and glial cell. While prostate cancer was one of the first malignancies recognized to have elevated TSPO levels, few studies have examined the role of TSPO in neoplastic transformation of the prostate. In this study, we examined the expression, localization, and function of TSPO in prostate cancer. Prostate tumors and tissues with metastatic prostate lesions were collected from transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice as well as from nontransgenic littermates and in human prostate tissue samples obtained from the University of Pittsburgh Department of Pathology tissue bank. Both TRAMP and human tissues were analyzed for TSPO expression using immunohistochemistry and scored for tumor grade and intensity of TSPO immmunostaining. Protein and mRNA were harvested from TRAMP tissues and evaluated using immunoblot and RT-PCR analyses, respectively. To investigate TSPO expression and localization in vitro, cellular fractions (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial) were harvested from prostate cancer cell lines differing in their invasive potential and androgen-sensitivity. To identify effects of TSPO antagonism on prostate tumor cell growth and survival, prostate cancer cells were treated with the TSPO antagonists. Results from the immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TSPO expression increased significantly in human prostate adenocarcinoma compared to donor and adjacent benign glands. Immunohistochemical, immunoblot and RT-PCR analyses revealed high levels of TSPO protein and mRNA in TRAMP primary and metastatic prostate lesions. TSPO expression was dramatically increased in highly aggressive cell lines as well as in long-term androgen deprived prostate cancer cell lines, and TSPO was primarily localized to the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of these cells. In vitro, the administration of TSPO antagonist, PK11195, significantly increased apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Together this data demonstrates a correlation between the upregulation of TSPO and prostate cancer cell aggressive phenotype and androgen independency. Additionally, the increase in apoptosis following treatment with a TSPO antagonist suggests that TSPO may play a survival role in prostate cancer.
The Connection Between Spectral Evolution and GRB Lag

The observed delay in the arrival times between high and low energy photons in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been shown by Norris et al. to be correlated to the absolute luminosity of a GRB. Despite the apparent importance of this spectral lag, there has yet to be a full explanation of its origin. We put forth that the lag is directly due to the evolution of the GRB spectra. In particular, as the energy at which the GRB's $\nu F_{\nu}$ spectra is a maximum ($E_{pk}$) decays through the four BATSE channels, the photon flux peak in each individual channel will inevitably be offset producing what we measure as lag. We test this hypothesis by measuring the rate of $E_{pk}$ decay ($\Phi_{o}$) for a sample of clean single peaked bursts with measured lag. We find a direct correlation between the decay timescale and the spectral lag, demonstrating the relationship between time delay of the low energy photons and the decay of $E_{pk}$. This implies that the luminosity of a GRB is directly related to the burst's rate of spectral evolution, which we believe begins to reveal the underlying physics behind the lag-luminosity correlation. We discuss several possible mechanisms that could cause the observed evolution and its connection to the luminosity of the burst.
Essentials of software engineering: what to teach when you can't teach everything

In the fall of 2013 a professor of our acquaintance taught a software engineering course with 24 students. He divided them into three teams of eight, and required each team to complete a substantial project using the Scrum agile methodology. He spent instructional time on an overview of software engineering in general and on Scrum in particular. He spent class time on the Scrum process as needed: for example, he gave teams fifteen minutes at the end of each class period for their daily scrum. But the professor still had time to cover topics in software engineering not directly related to Scrum. He wondered which were the best to teach. Which topics were truly essential? Which would benefit his students regardless of what methodologies they might use in the future?
Predictors of Seclusion and Restraint Following Injurious Assaults on Psychiatric Units.

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe use of seclusion and restraint after injurious assaults by psychiatric inpatients in U.S. hospitals, including examination of hospital, unit, assaultive patient, and assault characteristics as predictors of seclusion/restraint use. Methods Data from 2004 to 2017 on 23,630 injurious assaults reported by 747 psychiatric units in 482 general hospitals were analyzed. Odds of seclusion, odds of three restraint types (device, hold, pharmacological), and duration of seclusion and device restraint were modeled as functions of hospital, unit, assaultive patient, and assault characteristics. Results Compared with teaching hospitals, nonteaching hospitals had lower rates of seclusion but higher rates of all three types of restraint. Seclusion and restraint rates were lower in government hospitals and hospitals in metropolitan settings. Pharmacological restraint was most common in for-profit hospitals; seclusion was most common in nonprofit hospitals. Episodes of seclusion and device restraint were approximately 20% shorter in teaching hospitals than in nonteaching hospitals and lasted markedly longer in federal government hospitals. Hospitals in metropolitan settings reported 30% longer time spent in seclusion, on average. Involuntary admission was associated with higher odds of seclusion, device restraint, and hold. Female patients were less likely than males to be restrained with a device, and their seclusion and device restraint episodes tended to be shorter. The number of persons injured in an assault predicted odds of seclusion and all three types of restraint. The maximum level of injury sustained predicted odds of seclusion, device restraint, and hold, as well as duration of both seclusion and device restraint. Odds of seclusion/restraint were lower when the most severely injured person was a patient rather than a clinical health care worker. Conclusions Inconsistencies were observed in seclusion and restraint use, which varied by hospital type, patient sex and admission status, maximum level of injury sustained, and type of person most severely injured. Thus, there may be room for improvement in hospital and unit policies and practices. More comprehensive data are needed for further research on use of seclusion and restraint in response to incidents other than injurious assault.
Predictive Modeling Demonstrating a Two-Factor Signature As Early As a Week Prior to Harvest For Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Manufacturing Growth

Background & Aim CAR T-cell therapies have shown remarkable promise in treating patients (PTs) diagnosed with advanced B cell malignancies. CAR T-cell therapies are living drug characterized by robust proliferation and persistence. We reported previously that high T cell expansion ex vivo during clinical manufacturing (MFG) correlated with high in vivo expansion following infusion, which was also associated with favorable clinical outcomes in PTs receiving CAR T-cells to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). There is no known single quantitative parameter can accurately predict high proliferative potential of the T-cells during the clinical MFG process. Therefore, we conducted multivariate analysis of historical data to investigate combinatorial signatures to predict high proliferative capacity during MFG. Methods, Results & Conclusion We pooled data from a total of 297 PTs (n=248 blood cancers, n=49 solid tumors) from 16 different clinical trials receiving autologous CAR T cell products manufactured at the University of Pennsylvania. We evaluated 70 variables including PT data, phenotype of starting material, and MFG performance to determine signatures that could predict with high accuracy when a population doubling level greater than 4 on day 9 of the clinical MFG process (PDL9>4) could be achieved. We performed logistic regression to assess 70 early variables to predict T cell expansion at least 5-7 days ahead of harvest. We successfully identified a 2-factor signature that predicts PDL9>4 with high sensitivity and specificity (S/S) above 79%. The model was validated from 48 available CAR T cell products that were not used for generating the model, resulting in S/S at least 79% and 67%, respectively. This information can be useful in implementing processes/mitigation strategies to increase proliferative capacity ex vivo and MFG success rate for the product itself, provide lead time with potential alternative therapy strategies for PT. Ongoing investigation is assessing the possibility of identifying a signature of factors prior to manufacture and predict clinical response at day 28. This work provides a methodology for further studies for assessing the impact of extrinsic/intrinsic factors on PTs’ CAR T cell growth and efficacy and directing process development activities and decision algorithms in PT candidates for CAR T therapies.
The impact of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors on clonal hematopoiesis.

1513Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are an important new class of anti-cancer therapies. Therapy-related myeloid neoplasia (tMN) has been reported following PARPi therapy...
Sexism and cisgenderism in music therapy spaces: An exploration of gender microaggressions experienced by music therapists

Abstract Gender microaggressions are everyday assaults, insults, or invalidations that occur towards persons with marginalized gender identities (including trans/cis women, trans men, and nonbinary persons). As music therapy spaces are microcosms for larger sociopolitical contexts, music therapists are prone to enacting microaggressions verbally, non-verbally, and musically. In this narrative inquiry, semi-structured interviews occurred with eight participant music therapists to examine their experiences of gender microaggressions in music therapy. Results demonstrated that gender microaggressions manifest in a variety of ways and enactors include music therapy colleagues, presenters, internship directors, educators, and clients. Five themes were found: qualities of microaggressions, impact of incident, survival tactics, interpersonal dynamics, and gender in music therapy, with a total of 33 sub-themes. From these findings, it is clear that there is a need for music therapists to develop greater awareness of ways in which they enact gender microaggressions and to create more spaces for music therapists with marginalized gender identities to process these incidents.
Transitioning gender, transitioning race: transgender people and multiracial positionality

Background: While research on trans People of Color’s experiences has been increasing in recent years, this intersectional work has often not included a focus on the specificities of multiracial an...
[Antipsychotics with no dopamine receptor blockade; promise or hype?]

Over twenty different antipsychotics are available in the treatment of schizophrenia. All antipsychotics are generally effective, although differences exist in terms of efficacy but also in side effect profile. So far, all antipsychotics block the dopamine-2 (D2) receptor in the brain, including recently available antipsychotics such as lurasidone, cariprazine and brexpiprazole. However large differences exist in binding strength to the D2 receptor that influence dosage ranges. Thus, there seems to be a rock-solid law of antipsychotics: D2 receptor blockade is necessary for an antipsychotic to be effective. Hitherto, the effects of molecules that do not block the D2 receptor for the treatment of psychotic disorders are either disappointing or equivocal, e.g. glutamate system modulators as the metabotropic mGLu2/3 agonist LY2140023. This is disappointing because there is a great need for antipsychotics with novel mechanisms of action. This is pivotal as a proportion of patients with schizophrenia do not sufficiently benefit from currently available dopamine-blocking antipsychotics with limited effects on negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, side effects of antipsychotics sometimes prevent its long-term use. Recently, a randomized controlled trial evaluated SEP-363856 for the treatment of acute schizophrenia, a molecule that does not bind to the D2 receptor but binds to trace amine-associated (TAAR) receptors and 5-HT1A receptors. SEP-363856 was more effective compared to placebo after 4 weeks of treatment (effect size 0.45). This is encouraging, although the duration of the RCT and relatively selected group of patients preclude firm conclusions on its efficacy. We may be hopeful that antipsychotics with a novel mechanism of action are investigated, but only the future will learn whether SEP-363856 will have true added value to improve the life of patients suffering from psychotic disorders.
Covalent capture and electrochemical quantification of pathogenic E. coli

Pathogenic E. coli pose a significant threat to public health, as strains of this species cause both foodborne illnesses and urinary tract infections. Using a rapid bioconjugation reaction, we selectively capture E. coli at a disposable gold electrode from complex solutions and accurately quantify the pathogenic microbes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Undefeated dualism

In the standard thought experiments, dualism strikes many philosophers as true, including many non-dualists. This ‘striking’ generates prima facie justification: in the absence of defeaters, we ought to believe that things are as they seem to be, i.e. we ought to be dualists. In this paper, I examine several proposed undercutting defeaters for our dualist intuitions. I argue that each proposal fails, since each rests on a false assumption, or requires empirical evidence that it lacks, or overgenerates defeaters. By the end, our prima facie justification for dualism remains undefeated. I close with one objection concerning the dialectical role of rebutting defeaters, and I argue that the prospects for a successful rebutting defeater for our dualist intuitions are dim. Since dualism emerges undefeated, we ought to believe it.
Response time of broiler chickens to cimaterol: meat tenderness, muscle composition fiber size, and carcass characteristics.

The response time to cimaterol (CIM), a beta-adrenergic agonist, by broiler chickens for carcass characteristics, muscle composition, muscle fiber size, catheptic enzyme activity, and tenderness was determined. Two trials were conducted in which chickens were fed a control diet (CON) containing 0 ppm of CIM or a diet containing 1 ppm of CIM. Trial 1 consisted of 55, 31-d-old broiler chickens individually fed for up to 48 h. At 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h, five CON and five CIM-fed chickens were killed. Trial 2 consisted of 160, 33-d-old broiler chickens group-fed for up to 14 d. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 d, 10 CON and 10 CIM-fed chickens were killed. The breast muscle (BM) and leg muscle (LM) weight, cathepsin B and L activities, DNA, RNA, and protein concentration, and BM shear force value (SFV) were measured in both trials. Thigh muscle (TM) SFV were measured in Trial 2 only. Fiber size of BM was measured (five birds per treatment) at d 2, 6, 10, and 14. In Trial 1, BM weight and SFV were lower in CIM-fed birds at 6 h (P less than .05). In Trial 2 BM SFV were higher at d 8 (P = .06) and d 10 (P less than .05) in CIM-fed chickens. The SFV of CIM-fed chickens were higher at d 4, 8, 10, 12, and 14 (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intuitive, Localized Analysis of Shape Variability

Analysis of shape variability is important for diagnostic classification and understanding of biological processes. We present a novel shape analysis approach based on a multiscale medial representation. Our method examines shape variability in separate categories, such as global variability in the coarse-scale shape description and localized variability in the fine-scale description. The method can distinguish between variability in growing and bending. When used for diagnostic classification, the method indicates what shape change accounts for the discrimination and where on the object the change occurs. We illustrate the approach by analysis of 2D clinical corpus callosum shape and discrimination of simulated corpora callosa.
Effect of ageing on left ventricular compliance and distensibility in healthy sedentary humans

Healthy, but sedentary ageing leads to marked atrophy and stiffening of the heart, with substantially reduced cardiac compliance; but the time course of when this process occurs during normal ageing is unknown. Seventy healthy sedentary subjects (39 female; 21–77 years) were recruited from the Dallas Heart Study, a population-based, random community sample and enriched by a second random sample from employees of Texas Health Resources. Subjects were highly screened for co-morbidities and stratified into four groups according to age: G(21−34): 21–34 years, G(35−49): 35–49 years, G5(0−64): 50–64 years, G(≥65): ≥65 years. All subjects underwent invasive haemodynamic measurements with right heart catheterization to define Starling and left ventricular (LV) pressure–volume curves. LV end-diastolic volumes (EDV) were measured by echocardiography at baseline, −15 and −30 mmHg lower-body negative pressure, and 15 and 30 ml kg(−1) saline infusion with simultaneous measurements of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. There were no differences in heart rate or blood pressures among the four groups at baseline. Baseline EDV index was smaller in G(≥65) than other groups. LV diastolic pressure–volume curves confirmed a substantially greater LV compliance in G(21−34) compared with G(50−64) and G(≥65), resulting in greater LV volume changes with preload manipulations. Although LV chamber compliance in G(50−64) and G(≥65) appeared identical, pressure–volume curves were shifted leftward, toward a decreased distensibility, with increasing age. These results suggest that LV stiffening in healthy ageing occurs during the transition between youth and middle-age and becomes manifest between the ages of 50 to 64. Thereafter, this LV stiffening is followed by LV volume contraction and remodelling after the age of 65.
Therapeutic Potential of siRNA-mediated Targeting of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator, Its Receptor, and Matrix Metalloproteinases

Targeting proteases and their activators would retard the invasive ability of cancer cells, and has been shown to induce apoptosis in certain instances. Various methods have been developed to specifically target protease molecules in an attempt to retard invasion and migration. Of these methods, RNA interference (RNAi) holds great therapeutic potential. RNAi technology is now being used to target specific molecules for use as potential anti-cancer agents. RNAi-mediated silencing is almost catalytic when compared to anti-sense silencing. Of these targets, the uPAR-uPA system and MMPs holds great promise. Targeting uPA/uPAR may provide additive or synergistic treatment benefits if used in combination with conventional therapeutics such as chemotherapy or radiation. Studies point to the fact that specifically targeting MMP-9 or MMP-2 singly or in combination with other proteases could have specific therapeutic implications in the treatment of cancer. In this chapter we discuss the therapeutic potential of siRNA-mediated targeting of the uPAR-uPA system and MMPs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer.
Protein turnover during puberty in normal children

To investigate whether insulin resistance of puberty involves protein metabolism, we compared whole body leucine kinetics in 20 prepubertal Tanner I (TI), and 21 pubertal Tanner II-IV (TII-IV) healthy children. Leucine flux (LRa), oxidation (LOX), and nonoxidative disposal (NOXLD) were measured during primed constant infusion of [1-13C]leucine at baseline and during a stepwise hyperinsulinemic (10 and 40 mU.m-2.min-1)euglycemic clamp in combination with indirect calorimetry. At baseline LRa and LOX were lower in TII-IV vs. TI [LRa: 3.59 +/- 0.17 vs. 4.05 +/- 0.18 mumol.min-1.kg-1 fat-free mass (FFM), P = 0.036; LOX: 0.45 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.59 +/- 0.04 mumol.min-1. FFM-1, P = 0.005], but NOXLD was similar. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels correlated inversely with LRa, NOXLD, and LOX. Energy expenditure correlated positively with LRa, LOX, and NOXLD. During the clamp absolute and percent suppression in LRa were significantly lower in TII-IV than TI. In conclusion, 1) proteolysis and protein oxidation are lower during puberty compared with prepuberty, whereas protein synthesis is unchanged; 2) insulin action in inhibiting proteolysis is decreased during puberty; and 3) increased pubertal IGF-I levels may play a role in decreased protein degradation.
Human Eosinophils Induce Mucin Production in Airway Epithelial Cells Via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation

Eosinophil recruitment and mucus hypersecretion are characteristic of asthmatic airway inflammation, but eosinophils have not been shown to induce mucin production. Because an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cascade induces MUC5AC mucin in airways, and because EGFR is up-regulated in asthmatic airways, we examined the effect of eosinophils on MUC5AC mucin production in NCI-H292 cells (a human airway epithelial cell line that produces mucins). Eosinophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of allergic patients, and their effects on MUC5AC mucin gene and protein synthesis were assessed using in situ hybridization and ELISAs. When IL-3 plus GM-CSF or IL-3 plus IL-5 were added to eosinophils cultured with NCI-H292 cells, MUC5AC mucin production increased; eosinophils or cytokines alone had no effect. Eosinophil supernatant obtained by culturing eosinophils with IL-3 plus GM-CSF or IL-3 plus IL-5 also increased MUC5AC synthesis in NCI-H292 cells, an effect that was prevented by selective EGFR inhibitors (AG1478, BIBX1522). Supernatant of activated eosinophils induced EGFR phosphorylation in NCI-H292 cells. Supernatant of activated eosinophils contained increased concentrations of TGF-alpha protein (an EGFR ligand) and induced up-regulation of TGF-alpha expression and release in NCI-H292 cells. A blocking Ab to TGF-alpha reduced activated eosinophil-induced MUC5AC synthesis in NCI-H292 cells. These results show that activated eosinophils induce mucin synthesis in human airway epithelial cells via EGFR activation, and they implicate TGF-alpha produced by eosinophils and epithelial cells in the EGFR activation that results in mucin production in human airway epithelium.
Islet autotransplantation studies in pigs to assess viability and implantation site as a prelude to xenotransplantation

: Before pig-to-human xenotransplantation trials can begin, it must be demonstrated that porcine islets can engraft and function in pig recipients. Collagenase dispersion of the pancreas followed by density gradient centrifugation is effective in preparing viable discrete islets from species such as rodents and dogs, but these methods frequently results in marked fragmentation of porcine islets. Thus, we hypothesized that by limiting the digestion period and eliminating the purification step to minimize islet fragmentation, a viable preparation suitable for transplantation would be obtained. Purification is known to be unnecessary in dogs and humans as long as a site able to accommodate impure tissue is used. In this study, we autotransplanted impure islets prepared by two different methods (collagenase/semi-automated or mechanical chopping) without further purification into either the peritoneal cavity (N=46), spleen (N=5), or liver (N=5) of 56 pancreatectomized pigs. The semi-automated method (N=45) yielded a mean of 426,000 ± 41,696 islets, and the mechanical chopping method (N=11) yielded 165,438 ± 19,611 islets (P<0.05). Intraportal transplantation of impure islets was uniformly lethal due to portal hypertension. Intraperitoneal transplants were well tolerated with no pigs dying periooperatively. None of the mechanically prepared islet grafts transplanted in the peritoneal cavity functioned (N=11). Of the grafts prepared by the collagenase/semi-automated method, none transplanted into the spleen functioned; however, 13 of the 35 (37%) transplanted into the peritoneal cavity did function (30 day insulin-independent survival). Of these, four recipients were normoglycemic (blood glucose <200 mg/dl), and glucose disposal during an intravenous glucose tolerance test was similar to normal pigs. Although islets prepared by the semi-automated/collagenase digestion function in less than half of recipients, the intraperitoneal site generally is less receptive than other sites of engraftment. Unlike pigs, humans can tolerate the transplantation of impure islets intraportally. Thus, the proportion that functioned in this study likely under estimates the potential function rate using the intraportal site in humans. This study demonstrates by in vivo testing the viability of an impure porcine islet preparation and supports its use in preclinical xenograft models and human xenograft trials.
IR study of the chemistry of boundary lubrication with high temperature and high pressure shear

Abstract A unique diamond anvil cell has been constructed which permits the spectroscopic study of boundary layers under conditions of high temperature, high pressure and shear. We have used this cell in combination with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to probe the function of stearic acid and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDDP) as boundary layer enhancer. We have shown that thick boundary layers (about 1 μm) of stearic acid continue to exist at pressures as high as 5.0 GPa (725 000 lbf in−2). We have also demonstrated that the decomposition of ZnDDP in mineral oil under static high pressure and high temperature is first enhanced by increasing the pressure, reaching a maximum at about 0.7 GPa (about 10 000 lbf in −2), and is thereafter retarded by further increases in pressure. This result suggests that the decomposition of ZnDDP is triggered by pressure increases associated with boundary lubrication rather than by frictional heating. The decomposition results in the formation of a thick inorganic protective film at those surfaces associated with high wear.