cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hereditary pancreatitis in children.

Interet de la tomodensitometrie et de l'echographie qui montrent l'augmentation de volume du pancreas, les lithiases pancreatiques et la dilatation du canal pancreatique. La radiologie permet egalement la detection des complications, en particulier les pseudokystes. La chirurgie est efficace chez les enfants pour lesquels elle est indiquee
Superoxide production by purified hamster hepatic nuclei.

We have found that hamster hepatic nuclei produce substantial quantities of superoxide in the presence of NADPH. We have determined that these nuclei contain copper-zinc superoxide dismutase which can be almost entirely removed by extensive washing. We have suggested that this nuclear superoxide dismutase is in equilibrium with cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase. Finally, we have presented evidence which demonstrates that the flavoprotein FAD-monooxygenase is responsible for most of the nuclear superoxide production.
Ferroelectric Transistor based Non-Volatile Flip-Flop

We present a non-volatile flip-flop with a feature to back-up the state in a ferroelectric transistor (FEFET) during power failure or supply gating. The data is stored in the form of polarization of the ferroelectric (FE) layer in the gate stack of the FEFET. The proposed flip-flop utilizes the non-volatility of the three-terminal FEFET to optimize the data backup and restore operations. We perform an extensive device-circuit analysis to provide insights into the design of the proposed flip-flop. We discuss the optimization of the FE thickness in the gate stack of the FEFET to introduce suitable non-volatility and present the implications at the circuit level. Our analysis shows that by virtue of the three terminal structure of the FEFET and the order of magnitude difference in the current for the two polarization states, the design of the backup/restore module is considerably simplified. Compared to a FE capacitor based non-volatile flip-flop, the proposed flip-flop achieves 40%--50% smaller backup delay, 27%--40% lower backup energy, comparable restore delay and up to an order of magnitude lower restore energy. While the FE capacitor based design leads to 76% area penalty compared to a conventional (volatile) flip-flop, the proposed design incurs only 35% area overhead.
Inductive Transition of YBa2Cu3O7−δ in the 4 MHz Frequency Range

The inductive transition of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ was investigated at 4 Mhz. These measurements provide a value of the London penetration depth, λL(O), in YBa2Cu3O7−δ which differs by a factor of ≈ 10 from the value obtained from muon spin relaxation measurements. This discrepancy may be related to the granular nature of this superconductor.
Geologic Hazards in Honduras

Unlike most Central American countries Honduras is not susceptible to the same volcanic and seismic hazards that exist within its neighboring countries. That is not to say that the risk of geologic catastrophes does not exist. Several unlocated earthquakes dating as far back as 1539 caused significant damage. Similar earthquakes might be much worse in today’s populated areas. Satellite photographs reveal volcanic centers of very recent activity that may still represent a future hazard.
Can Republican African Americans Win African American Votes? A Field Experiment

In the face of its 2012 defeat and looming demographic trends that did not bode well for the party’s future presidential candidates, the Republican National Committee officially declared its intent...
Conclusions and Prospects

As a conclusion of the thesis, we briefly summarize the results presented in the previous chapters, which include the renormalization group analysis of the long-range electron-electron interaction in \((3+1)\) dimensional Dirac systems and two-dimensional tilted Dirac cones, a generalization of the Hund’s rule to a two-site model of \(t_{2g}\) orbitals, and the classification of topological crystalline insulators protected by mirror symmetry in the presence of interactions.
Regimes and Democracy in Latin America

The dramatic alternation of democratic and authoritarian regimes in Latin America has provided both the empirical base and the normative motivation for research that is conceptually innovative, methodologically self-conscious, and richly grounded in analysis of cases. This tradition has generated an impressive range of substantive findings about some of the most important questions of politics. Moreover, it has seen significant methodological innovation — yielding new perspectives on small-N comparative method and contributing to the refinement and enrichment of concepts in comparative research. For these reasons, over nearly four decades the study of national political regimes in Latin America has been a prominent locus of influential work in comparative politics and comparative social science. This special issue of Studies in Comparative International Development presents a new set of articles that further advances this tradition. The three central concerns are: (1) formulating new agendas and research questions; (2) addressing methodological issues, specifically the measurement of key concepts and the systematic use of subnational comparison; and (3) advancing the empirical assessment of causal claims about regime change, building on an approach that frames these claims within a long time horizon. The symposium includes contributions by Guillermo O'Donnell, “ Democracy, Law, and Comparative Politics”; Scott Mainwaring, Daniel Brinks, Anibal Perez-Linan, “ Classifying Political Regimes in Latin America” ; Andreas Schedler, “ Measuring Democratic Consolidation”; Richard Snyder “ Scaling Down: The Subnational Comparative Method”; and James Mahoney, “Path-Dependent Explanations of Regime Change: Central America in Comparative Perspective.”
Engaging Uselessness: Philosophical Reading and Dwelling in the Excess:

In this article, I explore how to make space in the neoliberal academy for inquiry that welcomes what is yet to be thought, imagined, anticipated while also remaining responsible to institutional d...
Observation of public sentiment toward human papillomavirus vaccination on Twitter

Background: Although human papillomavirus (HPV) is a vaccine-preventable illness, many individuals continue to resist vaccination for themselves and their children. We aimed to systematically analy...
Development of Antidepressant Drugs

Active uptake processes have been described for the monoaminergic neurotransmitters including serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in nervous tissues (Whitby, Axelrod, and Weil-Malherbe, 1961; Burgen and Iverson, 1965; Iverson, 1971). The uptake of 5-HT and NE in brain tissues has been the target sites in our search of selective inhibitors, which may have therapeutic potential for treatment of depressive disorders (Wong et al., 1974; 1975a; 1993a). Fluoxetine [Prozac], a member of the substituted phenoxyphenylpropylamines, was the first selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor to appear in the scientific literature (Wong et al, 1974) and has served as a useful tool to establish the physiological role of 5-HT neurons and a reference of pharmacological responses indicative of an enhanced transmission of 5-HT neurons (Fuller and Wong, 1977; Wong and Fuller, 1987; Wong and Murphy, 1989; Fuller and Wong, 1990). After its introduction in 1988, fluoxetine (Prozac) has become a major antidepressant drug in the United States and in many countries (Beasley et al., 1990; Boyer and Feighner, 1991a). In the U.S., two other selective 5-HT uptake inhibitors, sertraline and paroxetine, have been introduced as antidepressant drugs. In this article, we present some of the background which attracted our attention, and some studies on the chemical series of phenoxyphenylpropylamines and the enantiomers of fluoxetine and its major metabolite norfluoxetine as inhibitors of 5-HT and NE uptake in vitro. We also present the consequences of 5-HT reuptake inhibition in vivo, and the contrast between the classical tricyclic antidepressant drugs and the newly developed selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors in terms of their interaction with receptors of neurotransmitters.
Differential PTEN levels and activation of P-Akt and GSK3β detected in Grade II and Grade III Ependymoma: predictors of progression

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 1848 Ependymomas, the third most common primary brain tumor, are glial tumors that arise from ependymal cells within the CNS. Overall comprising just 2.5% of intracranial gliomas, ependymomas in children represent 10% of all intracranial tumors, and up to 30% in children younger than three years old. In the pediatric population these tumors are poorly manageable, and in adults, markedly different outcomes accompany different grades of ependymoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme for these tumors includes 4 Grades: (1) myxopapillary ependymoma, (2) ependymoma, (3) anaplastic ependymoma, and (4) glioblastoma multiforme. Treatment of patients with ependymomas depends upon neurosurgical intervention to facilitate definitive diagnosis and to decrease tumor burden. Postoperative adjuvant therapy can include brain or spine radiation, chemotherapy, and radiosurgery, each compromising quality of life for the patient. Treatment planning is confounded by the lack of good diagnostic markers to distinguish between Grade II and III tumors. Grade II ependymoma is highly curable by surgery while Grade III tumors frequently recur with only 5-15 year survival rates. Definitive histological distinction between Grade II and III tumors is imprecise. In this study we seek to aid in classification of tumor grade at the time of biopsy and hope to improve the outcome of patients with this disease. Reports suggest that pathways related to PTEN may inform the molecular pathology of this tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis of phosphorylated AKT and GS3Kβ were tested for separation of Grade II and Grade III ependymomas. In addition, quantitative PCR of genomic DNA for loss of PTEN from archival FFPE tissue from 25 clinical samples was performed. An inverse correlation between increased IHC staining for P-AKT and GS3Kβ and loss of PTEN copy number was found for 24 out of 25 clinical samples. Surprisingly, clinical data for this small subset of patients revealed that patients with grade 3 ependymoma maintained PTEN expression while those with lower grades I and II had lost PTEN or were heterozygous in copy number. These analyses may prove to be useful diagnostic tools to separate Type II and III ependymal tumors, and to predict tumor behavior of specimens with confounding histology at the time of biopsy.
Patterns of musculoskeletal growth and dimensional changes associated with selection and developmental plasticity in domestic and wild strain turkeys

Domestication is a type of experimental evolution in which humans have artificially selected for specific desired traits. Selected strain animals can be utilized to identify correlated responses by comparing them to the wild strain. In particular, domestic turkeys have been selected for increased body mass and high-growth rate, most significantly over the past 60 years. Yet it remains unclear how artificial selection has affected the morphology and evolution of the musculoskeletal system as a whole. Here, we compare growth rate over 21 weeks, hind limb bone scaling across ontogeny via in vivo CT scanning, and muscle proportions in wild and domestic turkeys to identify differences in structural scaling and the potential contributions of selection and developmental plasticity to whole-organism morphology. The domestic turkeys grew at a higher rate (0.14 kg/day vs. 0.05 kg/day) and reached over 3 times the body mass of wild birds. Comparing the proportional muscle masses in adult turkeys, only the trunk had a greater mass ratio in the domestic turkey, driven solely by M. pectoralis (2.8 times larger). The proportional increase in only breast meat and no other muscles highlights the surgical precision attainable with artificial selection. The domestic turkey femur and tibiotarsus displayed increases in polar moment of area, apparently maintaining torsional strength as body mass increased. The lack of dimensional change in the more vertically held tarsometatarsus is consistent with the pattern expected due to developmental plasticity. These results from the domestic turkey emphasize that there are morphological limits to preserving the balance between growth and function, and varying rates of trait evolution can further complicate this equilibrium.
Workflow Automation with Electronic Medical Records

Workflow in the paper-based environment. A patient calls his physician’s office to request a refill of hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. The office receptionist cannot transfer the call to the office nurse, because she is on hold with a managed care company. The receptionist writes down the patient’s name and “hyacordide,” his best guess at the medication name, but it is 45 minutes until he can give the message to the office nurse because he is tied up at the front desk checking in patients. When the nurse gets the message, she needs to call the patient back because what the receptionist wrote down doesn’t seem to correspond to any medication she knows. She gets the correct information from the patient and consults her office refill protocol. This tells her that the medication requested requires periodic monitoring of serum potassium and blood pressure levels, so she leaves her station to look for the patient’s chart. After a 30-minute search, she finds the chart in the office lunchroom and sees that the patient had a normal potassium level and blood pressure two weeks previously. Per her refill protocol, she calls in a 3-month refill of the medication to the patient’s pharmacy. She fills out a paper “refill slip” developed for this purpose by the office. She tapes it onto a page of the patient’s chart. Finally, she puts the chart in the physician’s in-box for the slip to be cosigned. However, the slip falls out, and no record of the refill remains in the patient’s chart. The physician takes the chart, along with the others in her box, and accidentally leaves them in the office lunchroom.
Use of Pistil Exudate for Pollen Tube Wall Biosynthesis in Lilium longiflorum

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of exudate as a source of carbohydrate precursors for pollen tube wall formation. Labeling experiments with Lilium longiflorum have demonstrated that carbohydrate material derived from germinating medium or pistil is used by pollen during tube wall formation. For these experiments, the flowers of Easter Lily, Lilium longiflorum from plants grown under greenhouse conditions were used. Although the chromatographic separation used in this study did not fully resolve labeled galactose and labeled glucose, it was possible to show that fractionation of the exudate removed almost all labeled glucose from the high molecular weight fraction. Results obtained from the in vitro and in situ experiments indicate that growing pollen tubes use pistil exudate for tube wall biosynthesis.
UV-B Radiation and Its Effects on the Biosphere

Global environmental concerns have become more common as governments and citizens alike become better educated with the issues that relate political discussions with scientific interests and understanding. Increases in biologically active ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation due to reductions in stratospheric ozone exemplify such socially relevant yet complex issues. Assessments of the risks associated with UV-B increases must rely on a spectrum of disciplines including meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and photobiology, each with uncertainties that should be understood.
Characterization of human erythroid burst-promoting activity derived from bone marrow conditioned media.

Bone marrow conditioned media (BMCM) increases burst number and the incorporation of 59Fe into heme by bursts when peripheral blood or bone marrow cells are cultured at limiting serum concentrations. Burst- promoting activity (BPA) has now been purified approximately 300-fold from this source by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and absorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite agarose gel. Marrow BPA increased burst number and hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis in a dose- dependent manner. A larger increase in Hb synthesis than in burst number was consistently observed, which was probably a consequence of the increase in the number of cells per burst that occurs in the presence of BPA. The role of BPA in culture could be distinguished from erythropoietin (Ep), since no bursts grew in the absence of Ep, whether or not BPA was present, and since it had no effect on the growth of erythroid colonies scored at day 5 of culture. Our purified fraction did not support the growth of CFU-C in culture. Activity was stable at temperatures of 70 degrees C or lower for 10 min; exposure to 80 degrees C resulted in approximately 50% loss of activity. BPA was completely inactivated by treatment at 100 degrees C for 10 min. Thus, human bone marrow cells produce a heat-sensitive factor that specifically promotes the growth of early erythroid progenitors in culture.
The Intersection of Residence, Community Vulnerability, and Premature Mortality.

Purpose Rural communities often experience higher rates of mortality than their urban counterparts, with gaps widening in the foreseeable future. However, the underlying level of socioeconomic vulnerability (area deprivation) among rural communities can vary widely. This study examines rural-urban differences in mortality-related outcomes within comparable levels of deprivation. Methods Rural-urban differences in Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL), derived from the County Health Rankings, were examined across comparable levels of area deprivation using a quantile regression approach. Rural-urban differences in YPLL were estimated at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles across levels of deprivation. Findings Compared to the reference population (urban counties/least deprived) a clear increase in YPLL among both rural and urban counties was noted across levels of deprivation, with the highest level of YPLL occurring in counties with the most deprivation. While YPLL increased across levels of deprivation, the magnitude of these differences was markedly higher in rural counties compared to urban, particularly among the most deprived counties. Rural counties experienced an advantage at the lowest percentiles and levels of deprivation. However, this advantage quickly deteriorated, revealing significant rural disparities at the highest level of deprivation. Conclusions This study noted a differential effect in mortality-related outcomes among rural counties within comparable levels of community deprivation. Findings contribute to evidence that many, but not all rural communities face a double disadvantage. This underscores the need for a continued focus on the development and implementation of multiple policies aimed at reducing differences in poverty, education, and access to care.
A simple, highly efficient route to electroless gold plating on complex 3D printed polyacrylate plastics

Compared to tedious, multi-step treatments for electroless gold plating of traditional thermoplastics, this communication describes a simpler three-step procedure for 3D printed crosslinked polyacrylate substrates. This allows for the synthesis of ultralight gold foam microlattice materials with great potential for architecture-sensitive applications in future energy, catalysis, and sensing.
Tunable surface wrinkling on shape memory polymers with application in smart micromirror

Surfaces with tunable topological features enable important applications, such as optical devices, precision metrology, adhesion, and wetting. In this study, we demonstrate a facile method to fabricate and control the surface morphologies by combining thin film wrinkling and thermal expansion. This approach utilizes self-assembled surface wrinkling induced by shape recovery of shape memory polymers (SMPs) and localized thermal expansion caused by Joule heating. Recovering the prestrain in the SMP substrate induces global wrinkling of the thin film on the substrate. Joule heating in the SMP by a heating wire embedded in the substrate induces thermal expansion of the substrate in a localized area, which leads to the disappearance of the wrinkling pattern. This effect is reversed when heating is stopped, leading to reversible and repeatable tuning of the surface morphology in a controllable localized surface region. With metal coating, the SMP surface can be switched from specular to diffuse reflectance in response to external Joule heating. Finally, we demonstrate a smart micromirror device with its diffuse reflectance tunable between 13.5% and 81.9% in the visible light region. This approach provides a method to modulate surface diffusivity by controlling its surface morphologies, with potential applications in optical display and optical microelectromechanical systems devices.
Towards Vacuum-Less Operation of Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Transistors

Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Transistors (NVCTs) could potentially have superior performance compared to solid state devices of equivalent channel length owing to ballistic transport of electrons, shorter transit time and higher intrinsic breakdown voltage [1, 2]. The electron transport channel in NVCTs is free space and hence there is no scattering. Furthermore, there is no opportunity for ionization or avalanche carrier multiplication and NVCTs can have very high breakdown voltage [1]. Hence NVCTs have promise for Johnson fi gure of merit that could be as high as 10 14 V/s. However, they need ultra -high vacuum (UHV) for reliable operation as the fi eld emission process is sensitive to barrier height variations induced by adsorption/desorption of gas molecules. Small changes in the barrier height lead to exponential variations in current [3]. Poor vacuum also leads to generation of energetic ions that bombard the emitter tips, rendering the tips blunt and degrading electrical performance. To overcome the UHV requirement, we propose using graphene to nano -encapsulate only the fi eld emitter either in UHV or in a gas (e.g. helium) with high ionization energy. By separating the fi eld emission region from the acceleration region (where the electrons acquire energy), electrons can be transported in a non -ideal vacuum, if not atmospheric conditions. For mechanical strength, multiple graphene layers that are transparent to electrons while impervious to gas molecules/ions must be used [4-6]. In this work we demonstrate the electron transparency of multiple graphene layers.
Pharmacokinetics of Pimobendan and Its Metabolite O-Desmethyl-Pimobendan Following Rectal Administration to Healthy Dogs

Objective: This study describes the pharmacokinetics of parent pimobendan (PIM) and its active metabolite, o-desmethyl-pimobendan (ODMP), after oral and rectal administration of pimobendan to healthy dogs. Animals: A total of eight healthy privately owned dogs were used in this study. Procedures: The dogs received a single dose (0.5 mg/kg) of a commercially available pimobendan tablet per os (PO). Twelve blood samples were collected over a 12-h period for pharmacokinetic analysis. After a 24-h washout period, the dogs received the same dose of pimobendan solution per rectum (PR), and samples were obtained at the same time for analysis. Results: For PIM, PO vs. PR, respectively, the mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax, ng/ml) was 49.1 ± 28.7 vs. 10.1 ± 2, the time to reach a maximum concentration (Tmax, h) was 2.1 ± 0.9 vs. 1 ± 0.4, the disappearance half-life (t1/2, h) was 1.8 ± 0.8 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6, and the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC, ng*h/ml) was 148.4 ± 71.6 vs. 31.1 ± 11.9, with relative bioavailability (F, %) of 25 ± 8. For ODMP, PO vs. PR, respectively, Cmax was 30.9 ± 10.4 vs. 8.8 ± 4.8, Tmax was 3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 1.7 ± 1.1, and t1/2 was 5.0 ± 2.7 vs. 8.3 ± 4.8, with AUC of 167.8 ± 36.2 vs. 50.1 ± 19.2 and F of 28 ± 6. The differences between PO and PR were significant (P < 0.03) for AUC and Cmax for both PIM and ODMP. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The pharmacokinetics of PIM and ODMP were described following PO and PR administration. The findings suggest that pimobendan PR might achieve effective concentrations and, as such, warrant future studies of clinical effectiveness in treating dogs with congestive heart failure and which are unable to receive medication PO.
Secretome analysis reveals upregulated granzyme B in human androgen-repressed prostate cancer cells with mesenchymal and invasive phenotype

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical early step in cancer metastasis and a complex process that involves multiple factors. In this study, we used proteomics approaches to investigate the secreted proteins (secretome) of paired human androgen-repressed prostate cancer (ARCaP) cell lines, representing the epithelial (ARCaP-E) and mesenchymal (ARCaP-M) phenotypes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses showed high levels of proteins involved in bone remodeling and extracellular matrix degradation in the ARCaP-M cells, consistent with the bone metastasis phenotype. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS showed a significantly higher level of the serine protease granzyme B (GZMB) in ARCaP-M conditioned media (CM) compared to that of ARCaP-E. Using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect mRNA and Western blot to detect protein expression, we further demonstrated that the GZMB gene was expressed by ARCaP-M and the protein was secreted extracellularly. ARCaP-M cells with GZMB gene knockdown using small interfering RNA (siRNA) have markedly reduced invasiveness as demonstrated by the Matrigel invasion assay in comparison with the scrambled siRNA negative control. This study reports that GZMB secretion by mesenchymal-like androgen-repressed human prostate cancer cells promotes invasion, suggesting a possible extracellular role for GZMB in addition to its classic role in immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Oxidative Stress Product, 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal, Induces the Release of Tissue Factor-Positive Microvesicles From Perivascular Cells Into Circulation

Objective: TF (Tissue factor) plays a key role in hemostasis, but an aberrant expression of TF leads to thrombosis. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of 4-hydroxy-2-no...
I Know What You Bought At Chipotle for $9.81 by Solving A Linear Inverse Problem

We consider the question of identifying which set of products are purchased and at what prices in a given transaction by observing only the total amount spent in the transaction, and nothing more. The ability to solve such an inverse problem can lead to refined information about consumer spending by simply observing anonymized credit card transactions data. Indeed, when considered in isolation, it is impossible to identify the products purchased and their prices from a given transaction just based on the transaction total. However, given a large number of transactions, there may be a hope. As the main contribution of this work, we provide a robust estimation algorithm for decomposing transaction totals into the underlying, individual product(s) purchased by utilizing a large corpus of transactions. Our method recovers a (product prices) vector $p \in \mathbbR ^N_>0 $ of unknown dimension (number of products) N as well as matrix $A \in \mathbbZ ^M \times N _\geq0 $ simply from M observations (transaction totals) $y \in \mathbbR ^M_>0 $ such that $y = A p + η$ with η \in \mathbbR ^M$ representing noise (taxes, discounts, etc.). We formally establish that our algorithm identifies $N, A$ precisely and p approximately, as long as each product is purchased individually at least once, i.e. $M \geq N$ and A has rank N. Computationally, the algorithm runs in polynomial time (with respect to problem parameters), and thus we provide a computationally efficient and statistically robust method for solving such inverse problems. We apply the algorithm to a large corpus of anonymized consumer credit card transactions in the period 2016-2019, with data obtained from a commercial data vendor. The transactions are associated with spending at Apple, Chipotle, Netflix, and Spotify. From just transactions data, our algorithm identifies (i) key price points (without access to the listed prices), (ii) products purchased within a transaction, (iii) product launches, and (iv) evidence of a new 'secret' product from Netflix - rumored to be in limited release.
LONG‐RUN AVERAGE COST CURVES IN THE ENGLAND AND WALES DAIRY INDUSTRY ‐ REPLY

Burton, Ozanne and Collinson (1993) present an interesting comment on the issue of long-run average cost (LAC) in the dairy industry. Since their results essentially substantiate the conclusions of Hubbard (1993), the following points are offered as further thoughts which may be of relevance in any subsequent analysis and estimation.
Power and rational choice

Addressing why those subject to domination seem to acquiesce willingly, Dowding and I disagree. Dowding appeals to luck; I claim it is likely to be power. Dowding’s view, at its strongest, views po...
Long-term electro-clinical profile of sudden cardiac arrest survivors

Objective Recent research has explored the use of continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring for prognostication of spontaneous cardiac arrest (SCA). However, there is limited literature on the long-term (post-hospital discharge) electrographic findings among SCA survivors and their clinical correlates. Our study aims to fill this critical knowledge gap. Methods We retrospectively used our EEG database to identify adults (≥18 years) with SCA history who underwent an out-patient lab-based EEG between 01/01/2011 to 12/31/2018. After electronic medical records (EMR) review, patients with epilepsy history and unclear/poorly documented SCA history were excluded. Out-patient EEGs were reviewed by authors. Acute EEG findings were extracted from the EEG database and EMR. In addition, we extracted data on acute and long-term neuroimaging findings (CT/MRI), post-SCA seizures, and anti-seizure medications (ASM) status. Descriptive analysis and Fisher's exact test were performed. Results We included 32 SCA survivors (50% women; mean age = 52.1±13.6 years) in the study. During a median clinical follow-up of 28.2 months, 3 patients suffered only clinical seizures, 3 only chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus, and 5 had both [11 (34.4%) in total]. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were noted in one-third of the patients, which localized to vertex and fronto-central regions in all but one patient. Five (15.6%) of them did not suffer a clinical seizure despite the presence of EAs. Patients who developed epilepsy were significantly more likely to have abnormal neuroimaging findings [10/11 (90.9%)] during the follow-up compared to the rest of the patients [OR = 25 (95% CI 2.6 - >100, p = 0.002)]. Half of the study cohort was taking ASM at the last follow-up. Significance Our small study reveals a signature location of IEDs in SCA survivors. Neuroimaging abnormalities seem to be a better indicator of epilepsy development, while EEG may reveal markers of potential epileptogenicity in the absence of clinical seizures. Future, larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Output Reduction over Time of Germicidal UV-C Lamps Used for Treating Agricultural Crops

It is important in understanding the potential benefits of ultraviolet (UV-C) field applications for control of powdery mildew to know how long the lamps will last before replacement. We conducted ...
On the Promise and Limits of Prosocial Neoclassical Economic Approaches to Shareholder Primacy

Oliver Hart and Luigi Zingales (Hart 2020; Hart and Zingales 2017a,b,c; Zingales 2017, 2018a,b, 2019a,b, 2020) have proposed to amend the influential view about the nature and function of the firm ...
Review of the Preclinical Pharmacology and Clinical Studies of the Norgestimate-containing Oral Contraceptive, Cilest

When oral contraceptives (OCs) first became available in the early 1960s, hormonal contraception represented an entirely new approach to the prevention of pregnancy. Consequently, attention was focused on the ability of an OC to prevent pregnancy and maintain good cycle control.
Managing Technical Change in Legacy Systems

Change happens, especially in software. This paper frames the problem of dealing with change in terms of moving software assets to technologically “higher ground” when faced with a rising flood of new products and technologies. The author introduces methods he has developed for estimating the value of software assets, understanding risks, breaking down aging software, rebuilding systems to make them more maintainable, and using shadow processes to reduce risk when introducing new or updated systems.
The Discovery of the Hall Effect: Edwin Hall’s Hitherto Unpublished Account

An annotated transcript of Edwin Hall’s notebook account of his 1879 laboratory investigations of the transverse effect of a magnetic field applied at right angle to the direction of electric current in a conductor.
Comparison of multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model with propensity score techniques using pharmacy claims data

Purpose To compare the multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model with the propensity score-matched, propensity score-stratified and propensity score-adjusted logistic regression models in estimating the effect of exposure to antidepressant agents in increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A retrospective cohort study in the USA, using the Texas Medicaid prescription claims database was conducted from 1 January 1 2002 to 31 December 2009. Patients aged 18–64 years with new prescriptions for antidepressants (exposed group) or benzodiazepines (unexposed group) during the study period constituted the base population. Patients without diabetes at cohort entry were included in the study. Propensity scores, which predicted exposure to antidepressant agents, were used to create propensity score-matched, propensity score-stratified and propensity score-adjusted logistic regression models. Results A total of 44 715 patients formed the study sample. The risk estimates varied across different analytic methods. The propensity score-matched logistic regression model yielded the highest risk estimate (relative risk (RR) = 1.931; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.705 to 2.187). The propensity score-stratified model (RR = 1.457; 95% CI: 1.127 to 1.884), the propensity score-adjusted regression model (RR = 1.491; 95% CI: 1.334 to 1.665) and the multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model (RR = 1.478; 95% CI: 1.323 to 1.653) yielded similar risk estimates. Conclusions Propensity score techniques using pharmacy claims data with a limited number of covariates yielded varied estimates of the treatment effect. The propensity score-matched model yielded a less biased treatment effect estimate than the multivariable-adjusted, the propensity score-stratified, and the propensity score-adjusted regression models.
When Knowledge Knows No Bounds Self-Perceived Expertise Predicts Claims of Impossible Knowledge

People overestimate their knowledge, at times claiming knowledge of concepts, events, and people that do not exist and cannot be known, a phenomenon called overclaiming. What underlies assertions of such impossible knowledge? We found that people overclaim to the extent that they perceive their personal expertise favorably. Studies 1a and 1b showed that self-perceived financial knowledge positively predicts claiming knowledge of nonexistent financial concepts, independent of actual knowledge. Study 2 demonstrated that self-perceived knowledge within specific domains (e.g., biology) is associated specifically with overclaiming within those domains. In Study 3, warning participants that some of the concepts they saw were fictitious did not reduce the relationship between self-perceived knowledge and overclaiming, which suggests that this relationship is not driven by impression management. In Study 4, boosting self-perceived expertise in geography prompted assertions of familiarity with nonexistent places, which supports a causal role for self-perceived expertise in claiming impossible knowledge.
Evolving approaches to integration of computational with experimental chemistry: an example from osmium hydrido (η1/η2-)nitrosyl/nitroxyl chemistry

The energies and structures of less stable isomers of metal-ligand systems need to be analyzed to learn about general trends in stability; the example of H–M–NO is considered.
Impact of nanoimprint lithography to device development

In this paper, we review the status of nanoimprint lithography and its applications in nanodevices. In addition to sub-10 nm resolution, 3D patterning, and applications in other areas, we particularly discuss the fabrication of nanotransistors and circuits on 4 wafers using NIL at all lithography level and the fabrication of room temperature Si single electron transistors.
1,3‐Diisopropylcarbodiimide

[693-13-0] C7H14N2 (MW 126.20) InChI = 1S/C7H14N2/c1-6(2)8-5-9-7(3)4/h6-7H,1-4H3 InChIKey = BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (coupling agent used for the preparation of amides, peptides, ureas, heterocycles, and unsymmetrical carbodiimides; used with DMSO to perform a modified Moffatt-type oxidation; activator in some polymerization reactions) Alternate Name: DIC, DIPC, DIPCD, DIPCDI, N,N′-methanetetraylbis-2-propanamine, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, 2-propanamine, N,N′-methanetetraylbis-(9ci). Physical Data: bp 145–148 °C; fp 33.88 °C; density 0.806. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid; widely available. Purification: can be purified by distillation. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: severe eye2 and skin irritant; may cause allergic respiratory and skin reactions in certain individuals; handle in a well-ventilated chemical fume hood with goggles, gloves, and a lab coat; store in a cool dry place.
Asymptotic joint normality of granulometric moments

Abstract If a random set (binary image) is composed of randomly sized, disjoint translates arising as homothetics of a finite number of compact primitives and a granulometry is generated by a convex, compact set, then the granulometric moments of the random set can be expressed in terms of model parameters. This paper shows that, under mild conditions, any finite vector of granulometric moments possesses a multivariate distribution that is asymptotically normal. Since Gaussian maximum-likelihood classification is often used when employing the granulometric moments for texture classification, the asymptotic joint normality of the moments gives support to the good results thereby obtained.
Tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen over the South Pacific in austral springtime

The distribution of reactive nitrogen species over the South Pacific during austral springtime appears to be dominated by biomass burning emissions and possibly lightning and stratospheric inputs. The absence of robust correlations of reactive nitrogen species with source-specific tracers (e.g., C2H2 [combustion], CH3Cl [biomass burning], C2Cl4 [industrial], 210Pb [continental], and 7Be [stratospheric]) suggests significant aging and processing of the sampled air parcels due to losses by surface deposition, OH attack, and dilution processes. Classification of the air parcels based on CO enhancements indicates that the greatest influence was found in plumes at 3–8 km altitude in the distributions of HNO3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). Here mixing ratios of these species reached 600 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), values surprisingly large for a location several thousand kilometers removed from the nearest continental areas. The mixing ratio of total reactive nitrogen (the NOy sum), operationally defined in this paper as measured (NO + HNO3 + PAN + CH3ONO2 + C2H5ONO2) + modeled (NO2), had a median value of 285 pptv within these plumes compared with 120 pptv in nonplume air parcels. Particle NO−3 was not included in this analysis of the NOy sum due to its 10- to 15-min sampling time resolution, but, in general, it was <10% of the NOy sum. Comparison of the two air parcel classifications for NOy and alkyl nitrate distributions showed no perceivable plume influence, but recycling of reactive nitrogen may have masked this direct effect. In the marine boundary layer, the NOy sum averaged 50 pptv in both air parcel classifications, being somewhat isolated from the polluted conditions above it by the trade wind inversion. In this region, however, alkyl nitrates appear to have an important marine source where they comprise 20–80% of the NOy sum in equatorial and high-latitude regions over the South Pacific.
Identification of nonsense codons in yeast

Abstract Two nonsense codons have been found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The codons differ by a single base and only one contains guanine. Accepting the universality of the genetic code, one can deduce that these are amber and ochre codons since there exist suppressors capable of acting upon either class of nonsense alleles. Besides these suppressors analogous to the bacterial ochre suppressors, there are suppressors which are restricted in their action spectra to either amber or ochre alleles.
Regular synthesis for time-optimal control of single-input real analytic systems in the plane

For arbitrary single-input real analytic systems in the plane, in which the control enters linearly, we prove the existence of a regular synthesis for the optimal control problem in which it is desired to minimize the integral of a strictly positive real analytic Lagrangian that does not depend on the control variable. The analysis proceeds by applying our previous results on nondegenerate $\mathcal{C}^\infty $ systems, as well as those on arbitrary real analytic ones, to study the local structure of the time optimal trajectories. The structure of the optimal trajectories for our problem is derived by reparametrization of time. The existence of a synthesis is then proved by using subanalytic set theory.
Phosphorylation of nuclear proteins in avian erythrocytes

Abstract Changes in nuclear phosphoproteins have been followed during the course of development of the avian erythrocyte. Both young reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes are capable of incorporating 32P1 into nuclear proteins, the bulk of the activity occurring in the nonhistone protein fraction. Both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of these proteins occur at faster rates in the younger cells. As maturation proceeds, nuclear levels of both phosphoprotein kinase and protein-bound phosphorus fall several-fold. Thus changes in the metabolism and composition of these nuclear phosphoproteins correlate with changes in the structure and activity of the nucleus.
Effect of therapeutic radiation on wound healing

Abstract Nonhealing wounds present a significant clinical problem. Therapeutic radiation, when applied to the treatment of malignancy, may result in acute and chronic effects on the skin. 1 Healing impairment as well as other functional losses is often observed in irradiated skin. This chapter explores the biology of radiation-induced skin changes, describes models for studying wound healing in chronically irradiated skin, and reviews clinical aspects of radiation-damaged skin.
Subjective Stress and Coping Resources Interact to Predict Blood Pressure Reactivity in Black College Students

This study examined the effects of subjective stress and coping resources on blood pressure reactivity. Sixty-nine Black college students (mean age = 23.58 years) completed the Life Experiences and...
Studies on the relation of the Mr 9000 phosphoprotein to cytochrome b-559 in spinach thylakoid membranes.

Abstract Cytochrome b -559 was purified from phosphorylated spinach chloroplast thylakoids after activation of kinase activity in the presence of [γ- 32 P]ATP in order to determine whether the 9-kDa phosphoprotein in these membranes arises from phosphorylation of the cytochrome b -559. It was established in this work that the 9-kDa phosphoprotein, like the cytochrome b -559 polypeptide, is a PS II component, and that these two proteins migrate very similarly on denaturing gels. However, the initial 2% Triton-4 m urea membrane extract contains most of the cytochrome b -559 and little 32 P. A substantially larger amount of stable 32 P-labeled 9-kDa phosphoprotein fraction is found in the material that is insoluble in the 2% Triton-4 m urea. Furthermore, the ratio of 32 P:heme in cytochrome b -559 purified in the presence of protease inhibitors from phosphorylated membranes was on the order of 1% of that expected if cytochrome b -559 were the sole source of the radiolabel seen in the 9-kDa band. The differential extraction properties of the 32 P-labeled 9-kDa phosphoprotein and cytochrome b -559, and the stoichiometry of 32 P:heme in the purified cytochrome appear to exclude the cytochrome as a candidate for the 9-kDa phosphoprotein.
Comparison of liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography using naphthylethylcarbamoylated-β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases

Abstract A comparison of liquid (LC) and sub- or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was performed using naphthylethylcarbamoylated-β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases (NEC-CD CSPs). Compounds resolved in the normal-phase, reversed-phase and polar organic modes on the NEC-CD CSPs in LC were also separated on the same columns in SFC with a carbon dioxide-alcohol eluent. Advantages of SFC for chiral separations on these CSPs included simple eluents, rapid optimization of selectivity and improved resolution compared to LC results for the same columns. The effect of alcohol modifier was also investigated and the results provided insights into the chiral recognition mechanisms in SFC. The versatility of the NEC-CD CSPs in SFC was demonstrated by performing separations representative of the three distinct mobile phase modes in LC in a single analysis in SFC.
Policies on Sexually Explicit Materials in State Prisons

Given the limited opportunities for consensual, sexual relationships in prisons, inmates must often seek to fulfill their sexual needs through other avenues, including use of sexually explicit materials. The current study explores the policies of correctional agencies regarding allowing inmates’ access to sexually explicit materials. Drawing on Department of Corrections (DOC) policies, this study indicates important variations across systems. Current research, as it relates to the effects of viewing sexually explicit materials on prison inmates, is scarce. Although more data are available from the general population, it is not entirely clear whether these results translate to prison inmates. Nonetheless, prison administrators may still have a legitimate penological interest in restricting these materials. Examining both the current state of correctional policies on access to sexually explicit materials and the current research, potential implications for policy development are discussed.
Learning and memory facilitate predictive tracking in 4-month-olds.

We investigated 4-month-olds’ oculomotor anticipations when viewing occlusion stimuli consisting of a small target that moved back and forth repetitively while the center of its trajectory was occluded by a rectangular screen. We examined performance under five conditions. In the baseline condition, infants produced few predictive relative to reactive eye movements. In the full training condition, anticipations were increased in frequency following prior exposure to a target moving along a fully visible trajectory. The delay condition tested the effects of training after a 30-min interval elapsed between training and test, resulting in a return to baseline performance. However, the training effect was reinstated in the reminder condition following another brief exposure to the training stimulus prior to test. Finally, in the brief training condition, we found that the brief exposure alone was insufficient to induce the training effect. Results are interpreted in the context of learning from short-term experience and long-term memory.