cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large-scale purification of 90Sr from nuclear waste materials for production of 90Y, a therapeutic medical radioisotope.

Abstract A major limitation on the supply of the short-lived medical isotope 90 Y ( t 1/2 =64 h) is the available quantity of highly purified 90 Sr generator material. A radiochemical production campaign was therefore undertaken to purify 1500 Ci of 90 Sr that had been isolated from fission waste materials. A series of alkaline precipitation steps removed all detectable traces of 137 Cs, alpha emitters, and uranium and transuranic elements. Technical obstacles such as the buildup of gas pressure generated upon mixing large quantities of acid with solid 90 Sr carbonate were overcome through safety features incorporated into the custom-built equipment used for 90 Sr purification. Methods are described for analyzing the chemical and radiochemical purity of the final product and for accurately determining by gravimetry the quantities of 90 Sr immobilized on stainless steel filters for future use.
Ten-year stability of cardiovascular responses to laboratory stressors

In this study, we examined test-retest stability of cardiovascular stress responses over a decade of the life span. Participants were 55 male college undergraduates, 19 years of age at initial testing, and 29 years of age at follow-up testing. Stressors were a foot cold pressor and an aversive reaction time task. Cardiovascular measures included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and preejection period. For cold pressor, the magnitude and pattern of cardiovascular responses remained unchanged at the 10-year follow-up. For the reaction time task, the characteristic cardiovascular response patterns was preserved but with significant attenuation of magnitude. The present findings are consistent with previous observations of temporal stability but over a substantially longer test-retest interval. The long-term stability of stress responses is discussed in the context of stress test methodology, behavioral response demands, and maturation of the physiological systems involved in cardiovascular response expression.
Channels gone bad. Reflections from a Tapas bar.

We thank all the participants for their comments and suggestions. We also thank the Juan March Foundation and our hosts Andres Gonzalez and Lucia Franco for funding this meeting, and Juan Lerma for asking us to write, and Neuron's editorial staff for allowing us to communicate, this report.
Impact of Local Management on Long-Term Outcomes in Ewing Tumors of the Pelvis and Sacral Bones: The University of Florida Experience

Purpose This retrospective analysis describes our 35-year experience with respect to disease control and functional status. Patients and Methods Thirty-five patients with localized Ewing tumors of the pelvis and sacral bones were treated from 1970 to 2005. Twenty-six patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT), and 9 patients were treated with combined local therapy in the form of surgery + RT. The median RT dose was 55.2 Gy. The patients who received RT alone were more likely to be older men with larger tumors exhibiting soft-tissue extension. Patients in the definitive RT group were more likely to receive etoposide and ifosfamide or undergo bone marrow transplant. Median potential follow-up was 19.4 years. Results The 15-year actuarial cause-specific survival, freedom from relapse rate, and local control rates were 26% vs. 76% ( p = 0.016), 28% vs. 78% ( p = 0.015), and 64% vs. 100% ( p = 0.087), respectively, for patients treated with definitive RT and combined therapy. Overall, tumors p = 0.19). Seven definitive RT patients (27%) had serious complications. Conclusion Combined modality local therapy should be considered if pelvic Ewing tumors are resectable. However, because of the extent of local disease, most patients have unresectable or partially resectable tumors and therefore require RT in some capacity. For this reason, innovative RT strategies are needed to improve long-term disease outcomes and minimize side effects while maintaining an acceptable functional result.
The inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP-1 and adaptors Dok-1 and 2 play central roles in CD4-mediated inhibitory signaling.

CD4 functions to enhance the sensitivity of T cells to antigenic peptide/MHC class II. However, if aggregated in isolation, e.g. in the absence of T cell receptor (TCR), CD4 can transduce yet undefined signals that lead to T cell unresponsiveness to antigen and apoptosis. In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) disease, CD4+ T cell loss can result from gp120-induced CD4 signaling in uninfected cells. We show here that CD4 aggregation leads to Lck-dependent phosphorylation of the RasGAP adaptors Downstream of kinase-1/2 (Dok-1/2) and the inositol 5-phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) and association of the two molecules. Studies using SHIP-1 shRNA, knockout mice and decoy inhibitors further indicate that CD4-mediated inhibition of TCR-mediated T cell activation is SHIP-1 and Dok-1/2 dependent, and involves SHIP-1 hydrolysis of Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosophate (PI(3,4,5)P3) needed for TCR signaling. Our studies provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which ill-timed CD4-mediated signals activated by ligands such as HIV-1 gp120 lead to disarmament of the immune system.
Sex Differences in Reactions to Evaluative Feedback.

Two studies tested the influence of various types of verbal evaluative feedback men's and women's self-evaluations of their performance in achievenment situations. We tested a theory that women perceive evaluative feedback, particularly negative feedback, to be more informative about their abilities than do men. Because of this, women's self-assessments of their abilities are more straightforwardly influenced by evaluative feedback than are men's. In contrast, men take a more self-promotional approach to evaluative situations, and therefore are more selective in their responses to feedback. Results from our questionnaire study showed that women's self-evaluations were influenced by both positive and negative evaluative statements. Men allowed positive feedback to influence them more than negative feedback, and were less influenced overall by negative feedback than women. Furthermore, women reported that evaluative feedback, particularly negative feedback, contained more information relevant to their abilities than men. Our laboratory study showed that women's actual self-evaluations were impacted differently by positive and negative feedback, whereas men's were not. In addition, we found some evidence to indicate that women were more negatively influenced by feedback that was positively toned, yet irrelevant with respect to their performance, than men. This finding underscores the fact that the focus, and not just the valence, of evaluative feedback plays an important role in men's and women's responses to it.
Utilization of calcium L-phenyllactate as a substitute for phenylalanine by uremic patients

Abstract The efficacy of calcium L-phenyllactate as a substitute for phenylalanine was examined in eight uremic patients who were also receiving calcium salts of the α-keto analogues of the branched-chain amino acids and the D,L-α-hydroxy analogue of methionine in addition to the remaining four essential amino acids themselves. Nitrogen balance, corrected for urea accumulation but not for cutaneous losses, was measured while the patients ate a virtually protein-free diet supplemented with the above mixture and glycine as a source of nonessential nitrogen. Two men were in negative nitrogen balance whether receiving this regimen (−2.58 ± 0.43 g N/day) or 21.5 g/day of essential amino acids, including 2 g of phenylalanine (−2.76 ± 0.46 g N/day). There was no apparent reason for their excessive catabolism. In contrast, six women had an average measured nitrogen balance of +0.73 ± 0.23 g N/day on this regimen. If an estimate for unmeasured nitrogen losses is included in their measured nitrogen balances, one patient was in positive balance (+0.90 g N/day), three in neutral balance (+0.43, +0.42, +0.11 g N/day) and two in negative balance, (−0.26, −0.56 g N/day), yielding an average balance of +0.23 ± 0.23 g N/day. These data contrast with reported negative balances of −1.8 to −3.8 g N/day of subjects eating a phenylalanine-free diet. We conclude that in this group of six uremic patients, calcium L-phenyllactate was converted to phenylalanine and utilized to maintain nitrogen balance.
Crystal and molecular structure of polymeric dilithium tetra(propionato)cadmium(II): A layered inorganic ionic-organic molecular structure

The structure of the title compound is made up of a central sheet containing only metal and oxygen atoms with organic moieties outside and between sheets. The Cd(II) is on a crystallographic center of symmetry and is bound to six propionate oxygen atoms to yield a coordination geometry of an approximate octahedron. Each lithium has four oxygen nearest neighbors to form a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The lithium atoms are in pairs via oxygen bridges to form unsymmetrical Li2O2 parallelograms with a crystallographic center of symmetry in the middle. Crystal data: Li2Cd(C3H5O2)4,M r =419, triclinic,P¯1,a=7.526(1),b=11.296(2),c=4.925(1) A,α=94.85(2),β=98.04(2), γ=78.97(2)°,V=406(1) A3,Z=1,D m =1.70(2),D x =1.71 g cm−3, T ≈ 298K,R=0.028 for 2303 reflections.
Influence of the herbicides hexazinone and chlorsulfuron on the metabolism of isolated soybean leaf cells

Abstract The effects of the herbicides hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] and chlorsulfuron (2-chloro-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]benzenesulfonamide) on the metabolism of enzymatically isolated leaf cells from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. ‘Essex’] were examined. Photosynthesis, protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and lipid syntheses were assayed by the incorporation of specific radioactive substrates into the isolated soybean leaf cells. These specific substrates were NaH14CO3, [14C]leucine, [14C]uracil, and [14C]acetate, respectively. Time-course and concentration studies included incubation periods of 30, 60, and 120 min and concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM of both herbicides. Photosynthesis was the most sensitive and first metabolic process inhibited by hexazinone. RNA and lipid syntheses were also inhibited significantly by hexazinone whereas the effect of this herbicide on protein synthesis was less. The most sensitive and first metabolic process inhibited by chlorsulfuron was lipid synthesis. Photosynthesis, RNA, and protein syntheses were affected significantly only by the highest concentration of this herbicide and longest exposure. Although these two herbicides may exert their herbicidal action by affecting other plant metabolic processes not examined in this study, hexazinone appears to be a strong photosynthetic inhibitor, while the herbicidal action of chlorsulfuron appeared to be related to its effects on lipid synthesis.
Microscopic visualization of dose distributions.

Abstract Colorless cyanides of triphenylmethane dyes when suitably activated can be made into films that become deeply colored upon irradiation with short-wave ultraviolet and ionizing radiations, but are not sensitive to near ultraviolet radiation or visible light. The response range for X-rays, γ-rays and electrons is approximately 105–108 rad. Experiments show that, because of their stability, low energy dependence and high spatial resolution, these solid systems have excellent potential for visual inspection of high-level dose distributions on a microscopic scale. Since molecular excitations due to low-energy secondaries are most important to the over-all radiation effects, the relatively large sensitivity of such dye systems expected in the intermediate and far ultraviolet may represent an advantage in dosimetry.
Utilizing Rights and Wrongs: Right-Wing, the “Right” Language, and Human Rights in the Gaza Disengagement:

This article examines the discourses of Israeli right-wing figures who opposed Israel's disengagement from the Gaza Strip in August 2005. Relying on a systematic analysis of prominent conservative Israeli outlets, the author demonstrates an attempt to reconcile two opposing discourses: a particularistic-Jewish morality discourse and a universal rhetoric of human rights. The author shows that the use of the latter is a relatively novel phenomenon, which was absent during the struggle against Israel's retreat from the Sinai Peninsula in April 1982. Drawing on these findings and on larger global tendencies, the author offers that during the last few decades, human rights rhetoric has become politically instrumental, maybe even unavoidable, for groups and individuals who traditionally have not used it.
On completing tables to satisfy functional dependencies

Abstract Several sufficiency conditions on a given set of functional dependencies are presented to ensure that a partially-specified table can be extended to a completely-specified table satisfying the dependencies. In particular, each table over a minimal key can be extended to such a table (over the entire attribute set).
Decisions to Shoot in a Weapon Identification Task: The Influence of Cultural Stereotypes and Perceived Threat on False Positive Errors

The decision to shoot a gun engages executive control processes that can be biased by cultural stereotypes and perceived threat. The neural locus of the decision to shoot is likely to be found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), where cognition and affect converge. Male military cadets at Norwich University (N=37) performed a weapon identification task in which they made rapid decisions to shoot when images of guns appeared briefly on a computer screen. Reaction times, error rates, and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity were recorded. Cadets reacted more quickly and accurately when guns were primed by images of Middle-Eastern males wearing traditional clothing. However, cadets also made more false positive errors when tools were primed by these images. Error-related negativity (ERN) was measured for each response. Deeper ERNs were found in the medial-frontal cortex following false positive responses. Cadets who made fewer errors also produced deeper ERNs, indicating stronger executive control. Pupil size was used to measure autonomic arousal related to perceived threat. Images of Middle-Eastern males in traditional clothing produced larger pupil sizes. An image of Osama bin Laden induced the largest pupil size, as would be predicted for the exemplar of Middle East terrorism. Cadets who showed greater increases in pupil size also made more false positive errors. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictions based on current models of perceived threat, stereotype activation, and cognitive control. Measures of pupil size (perceived threat) and ERN (cognitive control) explained significant proportions of the variance in false positive errors to Middle-Eastern males in traditional clothing, while measures of reaction time, signal detection response bias, and stimulus discriminability explained most of the remaining variance.
Simulation of microscale densification during femtosecond laser processing of dielectric materials

It has been demonstrated that femtosecond laser pulses can be used to process dielectric materials such as optical glass. One of the applications of this process is to produce sub-diffraction-limit structures whose index of refraction is different from that of the host medium. Due to the small size of these ‘bits’, it has been proposed to use this technique for high-density optical data storage. This paper is concerned with the mechanisms of the change of the index of refraction in such a small domain. We propose that the laser-induced strain field is responsible for the localized change of the index of refraction. It is demonstrated that the compressive strain field could be smaller than the area where the laser energy is absorbed in the glass.
Fluid Responsiveness and Brain Tissue Oxygen Augmentation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardiac index (CI) response to a fluid challenge and changes in brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO2) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Prospective observational study was conducted in a neurological intensive care unit of a university hospital. Fifty-seven fluid challenges were administered to ten consecutive comatose SAH patients that underwent multimodality monitoring of CI, intracranial pressure (ICP), and PbtO2, according to a standardized fluid management protocol. The relationship between CI and PbtO2 was analyzed with logistic regression utilizing generalized estimating equations. Of the 57 fluid boluses analyzed, 27 (47 %) resulted in a ≥ 10 % increase in CI. Median absolute (+5.8 vs. +1.3 mmHg) and percent (20.7 vs. 3.5 %) changes in PbtO2 were greater in CI responders than in non-responders within 30 min after the end of the fluid bolus infusion. In a multivariable model, a CI response was independently associated with PbtO2 response (adjusted odds ratio 21.5, 95 % CI 1.4–324, P = 0.03) after adjusting for mean arterial pressure change and end-tidal CO2. Stroke volume variation showed a good ability to predict CI and PbtO2 response with areas under the ROC curve of 0.86 and 0.81 with the best cut-off values of 9 % for both responses. Bolus fluid resuscitation resulting in augmentation of CI can improve cerebral oxygenation after SAH.
From Sectarian to Secular Control of Education The Case of Newfoundland

On September 2, 1997, Newfoundland transitioned from church to state control over education. Prior to this change, education had been controlled by churches. Recently, on November 9, 2000, an appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada by the Roman Catholic Church to declare the change unconstitutional was denied, settling the issue legally, although, perhaps, not politically. This article describes Newfoundland's educational system prior to the public referendum in 1997 that removed church control of education and explores some of the recent issues that have arisen since transition. It calls for further investigation into the effects of the change and the political, social, and economic forces that led to such a fundamental change.
The 3‘ Untranslated Region of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase RNA Contains a Translational Enhancer Element†

A redox-sensitive protein that binds to the 3‘ untranslated region (UTR) of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) RNA has been described previously [Fazzone, H., Wangner, A., and Clerch, L. B. (19...
Respect in Southeast Asian American children and adolescents: cultural and contextual influences.

There are similarities and differences in the concept of respect as it develops in American children and adolescents whose families came from Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and the Philippines. In addition, respect has different effects on adjustment, relationships, and achievement at home and at school, depending on whether cultural groups were primarily refugees or immigrants.
In Situ Imaging of Silicalite-1 Surface Growth Reveals the Mechanism of Crystallization

The growth mechanism of silicalite-1 (MFI zeolite) is juxtaposed between classical models that postulate silica molecules as primary growth units and nonclassical pathways based on the aggregation of metastable silica nanoparticle precursors. Although experimental evidence gathered over the past two decades suggests that precursor attachment is the dominant pathway, direct validation of this hypothesis and the relative roles of molecular and precursor species has remained elusive. We present an in situ study of silicalite-1 crystallization at characteristic synthesis conditions. Using time-resolved atomic force microscopy images, we observed silica precursor attachment to crystal surfaces, followed by concomitant structural rearrangement and three-dimensional growth by accretion of silica molecules. We confirm that silicalite-1 growth occurs via the addition of both silica molecules and precursors, bridging classical and nonclassical mechanisms.
Ethnic differences at risk for gestational trophoblastic disease in New Mexico: A 25-year population-based study

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare gestational trophoblastic disease incidence rates with the use of population-based data. Study design: All incident cases between 1973 and 1997 and live birth, pregnancy, and women at risk were tabulated with the use of data that were derived from the New Mexico Tumor Registry and Vital Records and Health Statistics Annual Reports. Statistical methods included trends analyses, odds ratios, and Poisson regression. Results: Of 939 total cases, 312 non-Hispanic white women, 399 Hispanic white women, 201 American Indian women, and 27 other women were affected. Age-adjusted incidence rates were significantly higher for American Indian women (11.16%) compared with non-Hispanic (3.57%) or Hispanic white women (5.32%); the probability value was ||.001. When live birth (1:438 women) and pregnancy (1:486 women) denominators were considered, American Indian women alone were at increased risk, and the ratio increased by 56% over 25 years. American Indian women were also at increased risk for partial mole (relative risk, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.57-6.31), invasive mole (relative risk, 26.7; 95% CI, 7.81-93.14), and choriocarcinoma (relative risk, 6.29; 95% CI, 1.81-22.66) variants. Conclusion: American Indians are at increased risk relative to the other predominant ethnic groups in New Mexico. Age-adjusted standardization provided a reproducible measurement that may be applicable across other registries. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:357-66.)
KOH modified graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor electrodes

Chemical modification of graphene nanosheets by KOH was examined as a way to enhance the specific capacity of graphene nanosheets in supercapacitor. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the effects of the treatment on the surface of the graphene nanosheets. The specific capacitance of 136 F g −1 was obtained for KOH treated graphene by integration of the cyclic voltammogram, an increase of about 35% compared with that for the pristine graphene nanosheets.
Optics damage modeling and analysis at the National Ignition Facility

Comprehensive modeling of laser-induced damage in optics for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been performed on fused silica wedge focus lenses with a metric that compares the modeled damage performance to online inspections. The results indicate that damage models are successful in tracking the performance of the fused silica final optics when properly accounting for various optical finishes and mitigation processes. This validates the consistency of the damage models and allows us to further monitor and evaluate different system parameters that potentially can affect optics performance.
Cavitation and cracking in as-cast and superplastic Pb-Sn eutectic during high-temperature fatigue

On montre que la cavitation et la fissuration ont lieu aux joints separant les colonies lamellaires adjacentes dans l'alliage eutectique moule et aux joints d'interphase dans les materiaux superplastiques a structure a grains fins
Surveying New Testament survey: The impact of demographics and modality on an introductory New Testament class

Both adult and traditional students at Indiana Wesleyan University take an introductory New Testament course in conventional, compressed, and accelerated formats and through online and onsite settings. This wide variety of demographics and modalities raises the issues of if and how the various incarnations of this course facilitate the achievement of course and institutional learning outcomes. This investigation surveys the pre-test, post-test, and final paper scores of students in each version of the course. An interpretation of the findings concludes that the course positively impacts the learning of all types of students. However, it also suggests that traditional students who are more familiar with the Bible may be better served by what are typically deemed andragogical approaches while adult students who are less familiar with the Bible may be better served by incorporating what are often deemed pedagogical approaches.
Luminal thrombus disrupts nitric oxide-dependent endothelial physiology.

Abstract Background. The goals of this study were: (1) to develop a large animal model to study endothelial function, and (2) to determine if arterial thrombosis induces endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Methods. Surgical exposure of the porcine iliac and femoral arteries was performed. Normal porcine arteries were compared with arteries subjected to 90 min of arterial thrombosis. External iliac artery (EIA) luminal diameters were measured using M- and B-mode duplex ultrasound. Endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) and endothelium-independent relaxation (EIR) were measured using acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NTP), respectively. Endothelial integrity was determined by factor VIII immunohistochemistry (F8) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nitric oxide levels were determined using a chemiluminescence assay of nitrite/nitrate metabolites (NOx). Continuous variables were analyzed using the two-tailed Student t test. Results. Control artery EDR was 80 ± 7.1% (± SE), while arteries exposed to luminal thrombus for 90 min had an EDR of 55.2 ± 5.7% (ACh = 15 μg/min, n = 11, P = 0.0231). EIR was preserved in normal and thrombosis groups with uniform response to NTP (4.92 ± 0.1 cm vs 5.07 ± 0.42 cm, P = 0.76). F8 staining identified endothelium in all groups. SEM analysis revealed an intact monolayer of endothelium after thrombosis. Local NOx levels were 17.3% lower after 90 min of thrombosis (49.3 μM vs 40.8 μM, n = 16, P Conclusions. Luminal thrombus induces arterial dysfunction acutely without causing endothelial cell loss. EIR remains unaffected, indicating normal smooth muscle cell function. NOx levels suggest that nitric oxide levels are decreased acutely after thrombosis. The development of this porcine large animal model allows the in vivo study of vasospasm and alternative thrombolytic regimens.
The metabolism of 14C-cholesterol by Dioscorea deltoidea suspension cultures☆

Abstract Both 4- 14 C- and 26- 14 C-cholesterol were converted to labeled diosgenin in the undifferentiated cells of Dioscorea deltoidea , the extent of incorporation in both cases being nearly identical. In addition to diosgenin, sterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and possibly metabolites of cholesterol), and an unidentified fraction were also labeled. Differentiated (root) cell cultures showed little or no labelling of diosgenin from administered 4- 14 C-cholesterol. The fact that both 4- 14 C- and 26- 14 C-cholesterol are incorporated into diosgenin in nearly equal amounts suggests that the entire cholesterol molecule is involved in diosgenin biosynthesis. No direct evidence for the incorporation of the side-chain of cholesterol in diosgenin has been previously demonstrated. The rates of incorporation of 14 C-cholesterol into diosgenin were much higher in our system than previously reported. After a 21-day incubation with 4- 14 C-cholesterol, most of the radioactivity in D. deltoidea cell suspensions accumulates in the supernatant (cytoplasmic) fraction. However, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions also contain significant levels of radioactivity. Cell wall and nuclear fractions had relatively low levels of radioactivity.
A importância do peso na gravidez: antes, durante e depois

Resumo Objetivo Para mulheres em idade fertil, a gravidez e um potencial fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de obesidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a associacao entre o ganho de peso gestacional e a retencao de peso 6‐12 meses apos o parto. Tipo de estudo Estudo de coorte retrospetivo. Local USF das Ondas. Populacao Mulheres gravidas em 2010 ou 2011. Metodos Foram incluidas mulheres, com inicio de gravidez em 2010 ou 2011, com compromisso de vigilância na USF das Ondas, e parto decorrido ate 15 de Agosto de 2012. Foram excluidas mulheres com gravidez gemelar, aquelas sem registos ou em que nao foi possivel estabelecer contacto telefonico. Os dados foram obtidos atraves do registo no SAM ® e por via telefonica (peso no fim da gravidez e duracao da amamentacao). Para analise dos resultados foram consideradas 3 categorias: abaixo (1), de acordo com (2) e acima (3) das recomendacoes do Institute of Medicine . Analise estatistica: SPSS ® 20.0, considerando‐se a significância estatistica para valores de p Resultados Foram incluidas 96 mulheres, com uma media de idades de 28,96 anos; 52,08% eram nuliparas e 96,88% afirmaram ter amamentado. Das participantes, 42,71% tinham excesso de peso/obesidade e 29,17% aumentaram de peso acima do recomendado para o seu IMC. As mulheres inseridas na categoria 1 aumentaram em media 0,53 kg, na categoria 2 aumentaram 1,05 kg e na categoria 3 aumentaram cerca de 3,86 kg (diferenca estatisticamente significativa para estas duas ultimas categorias). Conclusoes Verificou‐se uma associacao entre o aumento de peso acima do recomendado na gravidez e uma maior retencao de peso entre 6‐12 meses apos o parto.
The inorganic dust pneumoconioses

Collectively, the pneumoconioses represent a spectrum of pulmonary diseases initiated by inorganic dust exposure. Although multiple humoral and cellular immune alterations have been demonstrated in these interstitial and commonly fibrotic lung diseases, the exact role of immune changes in disease pathogenesis presently is undefined. Insight into disease mechanisms may have to await the careful characterization of suitable animal models, along with analysis of local, human bronchopulmonary immune responses through the vehicle of bronchoalveolar lavage.
Cross-linking mass spectrometry and mutagenesis confirm the functional importance of surface interactions between CYP3A4 and holo/apo cytochrome b(5).

Cytochrome b5 (cyt b5) is one of the key components in the microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. Consensus has not been reached about the underlying mechanism of cyt b5 modulation of CYP catalysis. Both cyt b5 and apo b5 are reported to stimulate the activity of several P450 isoforms. In this study, the surface interactions of both holo and apo b5 with CYP3A4 were investigated and compared for the first time. Chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometric analysis was used to identify the potential electrostatic interactions between the protein surfaces. Subsequently, the models of interaction of holo/apo b5 with CYP3A4 were built using the identified interacting sites as constraints. Both cyt b5 and apo b5 were predicted to bind to the same groove on CYP3A4 with close contacts to the B–B′ loop of CYP3A4, a substrate recognition site. Mutagenesis studies further confirmed that the interacting sites on CYP3A4 (Lys96, Lys127, and Lys421) are functionally important. Mutation of these resid...
A model for current-controlled negative resistance in ion/membrane systems

Abstract This work concerns chemical analogs of double injection semiconductors, and the phenomenon of negative resistance. Weber and Ford's semiconductor analysis is used extensively. Steady-state negative resistance curves are calculated for membranes with the following characteristics: (1) The membrane contains mobile anions and cations that experience ion-pairing; (2) The membrane possesses positive and negative bound charges; (3) The mobile ions and the bound charges react reversibly. The significance of these factors is discussed.
Eating attitudes, health-risk behaviors, self-esteem, and anxiety among adolescent females in a suburban high school.

Abstract In order to determine whether adolescent females with abnormal eating attitudes display lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of anxiety than tiheir peers, and whether these adolescents participate in health-risk behaviors to a greater or lesser degree than their peers, we administered a series of questionnaires to the females attending a suburban high school in New York State. The questionnaires, completed by 268 students (mean age, 16.2 years), included data on health-risk behaviors and weight attitudes, an Eating Attitudes Test, a self-esteem scale, and an anxiety inventory. Results indicated that almost two-thirds of the students described themselves as overweight, almost three-quarters felt they were above the healthiest weight for their age and height and almost four-fifths were above the weight at which they would be most happy; 18% of the students scored 30 or more out the Eating Attitudes Test, a score suggestive of an eating disorder. Use of Spearman-rank correlation coefffcients and multiple linear regression analysis revealed that those with more unhappiness with their weight and higher scores on the eating attitudes test were more likely to have lower self-esteem and higher anxiety and to participate more in health-risk behaviors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol use, drug use, and sexual activity with more total partners. The data from this study further corroborate the growing belief that health-risk behaviors tend to cluster together in vulnerable adolescents and demonstrate that abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors may be part of this cluster, especially in females with low self-esteem and high levels of anxiety.
Laminar boundary layers with large wall heating and flow acceleration

Laminar boundary layers with large wall heating and flow acceleration, considering heat transfer parameter increase
Effect of Shear on the Performance of Paraffin Inhibitors: Coldfinger Investigation with Gulf of Mexico Crude Oils

Paraffin inhibitors are chemicals that are used to reduce deposition of paraffin/wax onto surfaces of flow lines. For some crude oil production systems, paraffin inhibitors can provide significant reduction in wax deposition and be an economically attractive means for increasing production and/or decreasing wax remediation control costs. Paraffin inhibitors function by incorporating into wax deposit structures, altering the deposit structure in order to reduce the deposits' ability to adhere. Generally, effective inhibitors create weaker deposits which are more susceptible to removal from shear forces in the flow field. As such, the performance of the inhibitors can be related to the shear forces present in respective flow streams. In this paper, results of coldfinger experiments using four Gulf of Mexico crude oils are presented to illustrate the effect of shear on inhibitor performance. Trends from the data indicate that inhibitor performance improves with increasing shear. From the test results, the pe...
An estimate of the dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Tilapia aurea reared in calcium-free water

Abstract Seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous semi-purified diets which contained graded levels of calcium ranging from 0.17 to 3.20% were fed to fingerling Tilapia aurea for a period of 11 weeks. The fish were maintained in a flow-through aquarium system supplied with calcium-free well water. Growth, feed conversion and bone composition data indicated that between 0.17 and 0.65% dietary calcium was adequate for optimum growth and normal bone mineralization.
Temporal intensity noise characteristics and discrete numeric accuracy of analog liquid-crystal-based spatial light modulators

We investigate the temporal intensity noise characteristics of analog liquid-crystal-based spatial light modulators and how they affect the device’s achievable discrete numeric accuracies in an optical computing system. First we present an analytical development that defines the concept of precision in analog computing systems, then we define a noise metric and a precision-optimal quantizer for determining the discrete numeric characteristics of the devices. Second we present an experimental discussion in which a low-noise test facility constructed for this investigation is described, and the noise characteristics of three commercially available liquid-crystal-based modulators are measured and analyzed. The accuracy implications of this measured noise are then discussed within the context of the analytical model for each modulator.
An aortic body carcinoma with multifocal thoracic metastases in a cat

Abstract A necropsy performed on an aged cat with respiratory signs revealed a large white firm mass cranioventrally to the heart, and multiple similar masses scattered throughout the lungs, diaphragm, pericardial sac and intercostal muscles. The histological examination of the primary site and the metastases are consistent with a well-differentiated aortic body carcinoma.
Caregiver involvement in infant peer interactions: Scaffolding in a social context

Abstract Establishing positive peer relationships is integral to children's social development and is linked to a variety of long-term outcomes and life skills. The present study provides an in-depth examination of the ways in which child care providers guide young children in their early social experiences with peers during infancy, when social competence with peers is first being developed. Findings documented multiple avenues through which child care providers help to scaffold infants’ naturally occurring social encounters with their peers, including creating opportunities for peer interaction, preventing and interrupting peer interaction, communicating to children about their peers and peer relations, providing direct instructions and rules for peer interaction, and modeling social behavior during group interactions. Scaffolding strategies were categorized as adult-centered, child-centered, and group-based. Results also revealed some specific effects of scaffolding on infant social competence with peers over a 6-month time period.
Remote query measurement of pressure, fluid-flow velocity, and humidity using magnetoelastic thick-film sensors.

Free-standing magnetoelastic thick-film sensors have a characteristic resonant frequency that can be determined by monitoring the magnetic flux emitted from the sensor in response to a time varying magnetic field. This property allows the sensors to be monitored remotely without the use of direct physical connections, such as wires, enabling measurement of environmental parameters from within sealed, opaque containers. In this work, we report on application of magnetoelastic sensors to measurement of atmospheric pressure, fluid-flow velocity, temperature, and mass load. Mass loading effects are demonstrated by fabrication of a remote query humidity sensor, made by coating the magnetoelastic thick film with a thin layer of solgel deposited Al2O3 that reversibly changes mass in response to humidity.
Investigations on myelinogenesis in vitro: II. The occurrence and regulation of protein kinases by thyroid hormone in primary cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse brain.

The occurrence and regulation by thyroid hormone of four protein kinases (cyclic AMP independent and dependent, calcium/calmodulin stimulated, and calcium/phosphatidyl serine stimulated protein kinases) was studied in primary cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse brain. Serum from a thyroidectomized calf, which contained low levels of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, T3 (<25 ng/100 ml), and thyroxine, T4 (<1 μg/100 ml) was used in the culture medium in place of normal calf-serum (T3, 130 ng/100 ml; T4 5.9 μg/100 ml) to render the cultures responsive to exogenously added T3. Cultures grown in hypothyroid calf-serum containing medium had less cAMP dependent and independent protein kinase activity than control cultures grown in normal calf-serum containing medium. However, this activity was restorable to a considerable degree if the cultures grown in hypothyroid calf serum containing medium were supplemented with L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). The presence of calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase was also distinctly observed. In comparison, the activity of calcium/phosphatidyl serine stimulated protein kinase was less than the other protein kinases.
Pathophysiology of Bleeding and Clotting in the Cardiac Surgery Patient From Vascular Endothelium to Circulatory Assist Device Surface

Clinicians are faced with the challenge of navigating the precarious balance between bleeding and clotting. Bleeding disorders or failure to obtain adequate hemostasis during surgery may lead to severe hemorrhage. However, if thrombotic complications occur (eg, thromboembolic stroke), they may be far more difficult to treat. To achieve a stable equilibrium between bleeding and clotting, the treating physician should have a fundamental understanding of coagulation biology. In this article, we review the physiological role of the vascular endothelium in maintaining an antithrombogenic environment at baseline and a prothrombotic state after injury. Commonly used hemostatic and anticoagulant drugs and their mechanism of action are examined in this context. This is followed by a review of the most common inherited and acquired bleeding and clotting disorders, as well as the mechanism by which they lead to defects in coagulation biology. The approach to a bleeding patient is then discussed, including the interpretation of the most frequently used coagulation tests. Finally, we analyze mechanical assist device therapy as an extreme case of an acquired bleeding and clotting diathesis. The concept of blood coagulation dates back to the 1960s, when Davie, Ratnoff, and Macfarlane published articles in Nature and Science outlining the fundamental principle of a cascade of proenzymes activated through proteolytic cleavage that in turn activate “downstream” enzymes.1,2 Schematically, the coagulation system is divided into the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways (Figure 1 and Movie I in the online-only Data Supplement). The extrinsic pathway is triggered in response to tissue trauma and is initiated with exposure of tissue factor. The role of the intrinsic pathway is less clear in vivo but becomes important when the blood is activated via contact with artificial surfaces, such as a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit or a mechanical circulatory assist device (MCAD).3 Figure 1. Coagulation cascade. The extrinsic …
Leveraging gate-level properties to identify hardware timing channels

Author(s): Oberg, J; Meiklejohn, S; Sherwood, T; Kastner, R | Abstract: Modern embedded computing systems such as medical devices, airplanes, and automobiles continue to dominate some of the most critical aspects of our lives. In such systems, the movement of information throughout a device must be tightly controlled to prevent violations of privacy or integrity. Unfortunately, bounding the flow of information can often present a significant challenge, as information can flow through channels that are difficult to detect, such as timing channels. As has been demonstrated by recent research in hardware security, information flow tracking techniques deployed at the hardware or gate level show promise at identifying these 'timing flows' but provide no formal statements about this claim \({\scriptstyle\text{NOR}}\) mechanisms for separating out timing information from other types of flows. In this paper, we first prove that gate-level information flow tracking can in fact detect timing flows. In addition, we work to identify these timing flows separately from other flows by presenting a framework for identifying a different type of flow that we call functional flows. By using this framework to either confirm or rule out the existence of such flows, we leverage the previous work in hardware information flow tracking to effectively isolate timing flows. To show the effectiveness of this model, we demonstrate its usage on three practical examples: a shared bus (I \(^{2}\) C), a cache in a MIPS-based processor, and an RSA encryption core, all of which were written in Verilog/VHDL and then simulated in a variety of scenarios. In each scenario, we demonstrate how our framework can be used to identify timing and functional flows and also analyze our model's overhead. © 1982-2012 IEEE.
A variable-size local domain approach for increased design confidence in simulation-based optimization

Simulation-based design optimization utilizes computational models that rely on assumptions and approximations. There is a need therefore, to ensure that the obtained designs will exhibit the desired behavior as anticipated given the model predictions. The common approach to accomplish that is to validate the utilized computational models prior to the design optimization process. However, this is practically an impossible task especially for design problems with high-dimensional design and parameter spaces. We have recently proposed a different approach for maximizing confidence in the designs generated during a sequential simulation-based optimization process based on calibrating the computational models when necessary and within local subdomains of the design space. In that work, the size of the local domains was held fixed and not linked to uncertainty, and the confidence in designs was quantified using Bayesian hypothesis testing. In this article, we present an improved methodology. Specifically, we use a statistical methodology to account for uncertainty and to determine the size of the local domains at each stage of the sequential design optimization process using parametric bootstrapping that involves maximum likelihood estimators of model parameters. The sequential process continues until the local domain does not change from stage to stage during the design optimization process, ensuring convergence to an optimal design. The proposed methodology is illustrated with the design of a thermal insulator using one-dimensional, linear heat conduction in a solid slab with heat flux boundary conditions.
Simultaneous Extraction of Bioactive Limonoid Aglycones and Glucoside from Citrus aurantium L. Using Hydrotropy

Citrus limonoids were demonstrated to possess potential biological activities in reducing the risk of certain diseases. Limonoids are present in citrus fruits in the form of aglycones and glucosides. At present, limonoid aglycones and limonoid glucosides are extracted in multiple steps using different solvents. In order to understand their potential bioactivity, it may be beneficial to isolate and purify these compounds using environment friendly methods. A new method of extraction and purification of limonoids was established using a hydrotrope polystyrene adsorbent resin. Extraction of aglycones and glucosides was achieved in a single step, using an aqueous solution of sodium cumene sulphonate (Na-CuS). Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seed powder was extracted with 2 M Na-CuS solution at 45 degrees C for 6 h. The filtered extract was diluted with water and loaded on an SP 700 adsorbent column. The column was washed with distilled water to remove the hydrotrope and then eluted using water and methanol in different compositions to obtain three compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy as deacetyl nomilinic acid glucoside (DNAG), deacetyl nomilin (DAN) and limonin (LIM).