cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Pseudomonas solanacearum with Suspension-Cultured Tobacco Cells and Tobacco Leaf Cell Walls In Vitro.

Attachment of radiolabeled Pseudomonas solanacearum cells to suspension-cultured tobacco cells and tobacco leaf cell walls was measured in vitro by a filtration technique that allowed separation of attached and unattached bacteria. An avirulent strain (B1) attached more rapidly to suspension-cultured cells than did the virulent parent strain (K60), and B1 attachment was less sensitive to inhibition by high ionic strength than was K60. Attachment of B1 bacteria to suspension-cultured cells and to leaf cell walls was comparable (50 to 70%), but only a small proportion (10 to 20%) of K60 bacteria attached to leaf cell walls under optimal conditions. With high bacterial populations (108 bacteria per ml), attachment of K60 to suspension-cultured cells was greatly reduced. Attachment of both strains was completely inhibited by pretreating bacterial cells with heat (41°C) or azide and was partially inhibited by EDTA and kanamycin. The mechanism of attachment is not known, but ionic forces may be involved.
On transmit beamforming in MIMO radar with matrix completion

The paper proposes a matrix completion based colocated MIMO radar (MIMO-MC) approach that employs transmit beamforming. The transmit antennas transmit correlated waveforms to illuminate certain directions. Each receive antenna performs sub-Nyquist sampling of the target returns at uniformly random times, and forwards the samples to a fusion center along with information on the sampling times. Based on the forwarded samples, the fusion center partially fills a matrix, recovers the Nyquist rate samples via matrix completion, and subsequently proceeds with target estimation via standard techniques. The performance of matrix completion depends on the matrix coherence. The paper derives the relations between transmit waveforms and matrix coherence. Specifically, it is shown that, for a rank-1 beamformer, the coherence is optimal, i.e., 1, if and only if the waveforms are unimodular. For a multi-rank beamformer, the coherence of the row space of the data matrix is optimal if the waveform power is constant across each snapshot. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves high resolution with a significantly reduced number of samples.
X-ray spectra of active galaxies

It is clear that x-ray spectroscopy has much to tell us about the nature of the active galactic nuclei phenomenon. In particular, with much more sensitivity and better spectral resolution devices available on future missions like BBXRT (a shuttle based x-ray spectrometer to fly in 1989), AXAF (the NASA Great Observatory for x-ray astronomy), XMM (the European Space Agency large multi-mirror x-ray mission scheduled to fly in 1998) and ASTRO-D (the Japanese x-ray spectroscopic mission scheduled to fly in 1993), we can anticipate that future observations will be quite interesting. In particular Fe line x-ray spectroscopy of AGN can be expected to strongly constrain models of the Broad Line Region in AGN. Continuum spectroscopy, in particular the determination of the nature of the ionizing continuum in the soft x-ray band, will be crucial in understanding these objects. I have neglected detailed discussion of the high energy, E>30 kev, continuum because of the paucity of data in this energy range. It is hoped that this band, which may contain the spectral signatures of the physics of the underlying energy generation mechanism, will be explored in more detail by future missions such as XTE (the U.S. X-ray Timing Explorer) and SAX (the Italian X-ray Astronomy saellite).
Single Shot Carrier Envelope Phase Stabilization of a 10 kHz, 10 W Regenerative Amplifier

In this paper, we introduced an every-single-shot carrier envelope (CE) phase locking setup, which was applied to measure and stabilize the CE phase drift in a 10 kHz, 10 W regenerative amplifier system. Using independent slow and fast control loops, the residual root mean square (RMS) CE phase noise was stabilized at the level of 200 mrad as measured by spectrometer based f-to-2f interferometer.
Pharmacological Investigation of Certain Valeriana officinalis L. Extracts

The roots of Valeriana officinalis were extracted by various solvent extraction procedures and the fractions prepared were tested for their biological activity in an attempt to isolate the most active constituents. Two fractions, V103 and V115, both showed some ability to potentiate the pentobarbital sleeping time in rats. The V115 fraction was also shown to possess greater hypotensive properties than V103. Countercurrent distribution extraction of V115 yielded three fractions, one of which produced hypertensive effects and the other two produced hypotensive effects. Due to inability to reproduce another active V115 fraction, V103 was selected for further testing. The V103 fraction depressed the general activity of rats without producing sleep, exhibited respiratory depressant properties, and produced hypotensive effects in rats, rabbits, cats, and dogs. V103 appears to produce hypotension partly through parasympathomimetic activity and blockage of the carotid sinus reflex. It inhibited the activity of isolated intestinal tissue at low doses and produced a secondary stimulant effect at higher doses which could be blocked by atropine. V103 is relatively nontoxic.
Urinary BTA: indicator of bladder cancer or of hematuria

In this study, we investigated the influence of hematuria on the performance of the bladder tumor antigen (BTA) tests in a clinical cohort and in an experimental model. Urine samples from a cohort of 126 subjects (64 with BCa and 62 controls) were analyzed by ELISA for hemoglobin and BTA. The experimental model involved the spiking of urine with blood from the same subject, and hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and BTA levels (BTA stat© and BTA-TRAK©). BTA-TRAK© analyses were also performed on serum samples obtained from 40 subjects (20 with confirmed with BCa). In the 126 subject cohort, correlation between hemoglobin and BTA was 0.732. Of the 64 BCa samples, 72 % had a positive BTA assay, but 47 % of controls were also positive. The sensitivity and specificity of BTA to detect BCa was 72 and 53 %, respectively. Hematuria, measured by urinary hemoglobin, was a better indicator of BCa with 75 % sensitivity and 90 % specificity. Spiking of BTA-negative urine samples with as little as 1 μl/10 ml was enough to produce a positive BTA test. High levels of BTA were found equally in the serum of subjects with or without BCa (mean BTA levels 355,159 vs. 332,329 U/ml, respectively). Rather than detecting a bladder tumor antigen, urinary BTA assays may be measuring serum cFH introduced by bleeding, a common presenting factor in BCa subjects. The presence of hematuria in subjects without malignant disease can result in false-positive BTA assays.
An isochron approach to 21Ne cosmic ray exposure dating by activation with deuteron–deuteron fusion neutrons

Abstract This paper describes an alternative approach to cosmogenic 21 Ne ( 21 Ne cos ) exposure dating that entails irradiating Mg-bearing samples in a deuteron–deuteron (D–D) neutron generator to produce 22 Ne by the reaction 25 Mg(n,α) 22 Ne Mg . Following irradiation and provided that the 22 Ne Mg / 22 Ne cos ratio is greater than ~ 10 3 , one can identify cosmogenic 21 Ne using a 21 Ne/ 20 Ne vs. 22 Ne/ 20 Ne isochron. The method is analogous to identifying radiogenic 40 Ar using a conventional 40 Ar/ 36 Ar vs. 39 Ar K / 36 Ar isochron. With knowledge of the 21 Ne production rate and the relationship between 22 Ne Mg and Mg content (determined by co-irradiating a standard of known Mg concentration), the slope of the isochron ( 21 Ne cos / 22 Ne Mg ) can be translated into an exposure age. In this way a 21 Ne exposure age is calculated without making assumptions regarding the isotopic composition of the trapped or cosmogenic components. This technique, if proven to be viable, will be applicable to minerals that contain a stoichiometric abundance of Mg (e.g., orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine).
Reactivity of evaporites during burial: An example from the Jurassic of Alabama

The Jurassic Louann salt was the first significant sedimentary unit to accumulate in the Gulf of Mexico sedimentary basin. Br/Cl and {sup 87}Sr/{sup 86}Sr ratios of halite from a single core into the top of the formation record the evaporation of normal seawater to bittern stage. The bittern zone today consists of intergrown halite and sylvite. The Br and Rb contents of the solid phases, along with {sup 87}Sr/{sup 86}Sr ratios and Rb/Sr systematics, are inconsistent with precipitation of the existing phases from seawater evaporated in Jurassic time. Rather, petrography and fluid inclusion and solid phase chemistry from the bittern zone is consistent with postdepositional water/rock interaction which diagenetically modified a marine bittern assemblage to halite + sylvite. The chemistry of the Br- and Rb-rich saline formation waters characteristic of this area today, likewise, may reflect water/evaporite interaction during burial.
Cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nodule of the chest wall with expression of estrogen receptor: a mimic of carcinoma and a potential diagnostic pitfall

Cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nodule (CEAN) is a rare vascular proliferation that develops on the trunk and extremities. The lesion arises over weeks to months and affects both sexes without age predilection. Histologically, CEAN is characterized by a circumscribed proliferation of epithelioid endothelial cells in the superficial dermis with a background of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. The epithelioid cells are positive for CD31, CD34 and/or D2-40. We report a case of CEAN that had remained stable for more than 30 years on the chest wall of a woman with a history of breast cancer. The lesional cells were epithelioid in appearance and positive for estrogen receptor (ER), raising suspicion for breast carcinoma. However, the cells were positive for CD31, CD34, D2-40 and EMA (epithelial membrane antigen); they were negative for cytokeratins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CD1a, gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15), S-100, a melanocytic cocktail, HHV-8 and progesterone receptor. The histologic and immunohistochemical features, including a low proliferation index (10% by Ki-67), helped to distinguish this lesion from carcinoma and other vascular lesions. This is the most comprehensive immunohistochemical profile reported for CEAN to date and the first time that ER expression has been described.
The Languages of Vietnam: Mosaics and Expansions

The languages of Vietnam reflect the historical migrations of prehistoric people groups as well as successive waves of cultural influence by world civilizations over many thousands of years. In addition to cultural spread, certain of Vietnam's ethnicities also constitutes social mosaics in the sense of Renfrew (2000), growing and flourishing in place. The linguistic fabric of the nation is woven of widely different strands, including Austroasiatic and Austronesian speech communities, Sino-Tibetan and Kra-Dai (Tai-Kadai), as well as Hmong-Mien. Despite the chaos of the last half century, national and international scholars, building on French studies of the nineteenth century, have been able to document language names, places, populations, and linguistic relationships to a degree never achieved in the past. The story of the peoples of Vietnam is a rich one that invites renewed understanding.
Vertebral artery anatomy: a review of two hundred fifty magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Study design The aim of this study is to characterize the anatomy of vertebral arteries using magnetic resonance imaging scans of 250 consecutive patients. Objectives To document the prevalence of midline vertebral artery (VA) migration in a subgroup of patients presenting with neck pain, radiculopathy, or myelopathy and to identify the course of the VA through the TFs. Summary of background data Knowledge of VA anomalies and their respective prevalence may help surgeons decrease the incidence of iatrogenic injury to this artery. Methods In this retrospective review of 281 consecutive patients, who had an magnetic resonance imaging for axial neck pain, radiculopathy, or myelopathy, anatomic measurements were obtained from C2 to C7. Results The observed VA anomalies can be classified into following 3 main groups: (1) intraforaminal anomalies-midline migration, (2) extraforaminal anomalies, and (3) arterial anomalies. Midline migration of the VA was identified in 7.6% (19/250) of patients. The etiology can be degenerative or traumatic. It is important to note that the pattern of medial migration was clockwise rotation from caudal to cephalad and was present in all of our patients with anomalous arteries. Additionally, at C6, only 92% (460/500) of VAs were located within their respective transverse foramens and hypoplastic VAs were identified in 10% (25/250) of patients. Conclusion Anomalies that must be considered before surgery include interforamenal anomalies, extraforamenal anomalies, and arterial anomalies. The intraforaminal anomalies involve midline migration, which places the VA at direct risk during corpectomy. Extraforaminal anomalies are related to VAs entering the transverse foramen at a level other than C6, which can increase the risk of injury during the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Arterial anomalies can be fenestrated, hypoplastic, or absent. These raise concern with the ability to maintain cerebral perfusion in the setting of damage to one of the VAs with the presence of contralateral arterial abnormality.
Orthopositronium localization in gases by density fluctuation scattering

Abstract The large elastic density fluctuation scattering of the orthopositronium atom is combined with the zero point pressure and the gas pressure to localize the orthopositronium atom. The enhanced lifetime of orthopositronium in ethane near the critical isotherm is in good agreement with experimental values and lends support to the model.
Crystallization during drying of thin sucrose films

Abstract Crystallization in thin films (50–55 μm) of sucrose solution during drying was studied. Computer aided video microscopy was used to measure the growth of sucrose crystals during the early stages of drying, and the results were compared with predicted values based on solution of the heat and mass transfer equations. Concentration profiles, as predicted by heat and mass transfer equations, showed that sucrose concentrations at the surface of drying films increased rapidly to levels where nucleation was inhibited. When the thin films were seeded with small sugar crystals, a linear increase in crystal size with drying time (up to 15 min) was observed. Crystal growth rate, as determined from the slope of the crystal size history curve, increased significantly with increase in air temperature from 25 to 30 °C and agreed well with predicted values based on solution of the heat and mass transfer equations. Both experimental and predicted values showed that an increase in initial sucrose concentration from 70 to 76% (W/W) caused no significant changes in sucrose crystal growth. Sucrose crystal growth rate was significantly decreased in the absence of drying. However, an increase in air velocity from 4.7 to 9.4 ms−1 during drying had no effect on crystal growth rate according to both experimental and predicted results.
Diffraction Theory of Electromagnetic Waves

It has been shown by Larmor, Kottler and others that the classical method of calculating diffraction from the Kirchhoff formula in terms of a scalar light function cannot be applied directly to the electromagnetic field since it takes into account neither the vector character of the field nor the effect of charges along the contour of the opening. The field equations are integrated directly by means of a vector analog of Green's theorem. The results are applied to the calculation of diffraction of electromagnetic waves from a rectangular slit in a screen of infinite conductivity. The results are compared with an exact solution obtained recently by Morse and Rubenstein.
Tacrolimus salvage in anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment-refractory Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND Several small retrospective studies have reported encouraging response rates in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) treated with tacrolimus. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of the use of oral tacrolimus for severe CD refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. Response was defined as a clinician's assessment of improvement after at least 7 days of treatment of one or more of the following: bowel movement frequency, fistula output, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, extraintestinal manifestations, or well-being. Remission required all of the following: <3 stools per day, no bleeding, abdominal pain or extraintestinal manifestations, and increased well-being. RESULTS Twenty-four eligible patients were treated with tacrolimus for a median of 4 months. Approximately 37% were steroid dependent or steroid refractory. Response and steroid-free remission rates were 67% and 21%, respectively, and lasted for a median of 4 months. Approximately 42% of patients were able to stop steroids and 54% of patients ultimately required surgery within a median of 10 months after starting tacrolimus. Patients with mean tacrolimus trough levels of 10 to 15 ng/mL had the highest rates of response (86%) and remission (57%). Surgery seemed to be postponed in this group compared with others. An adverse event occurred in 75% of patients. Eight of these events (33%) required dose reduction and 6 (25%) led to treatment discontinuation. There were no irreversible side effects or deaths attributable to tacrolimus over a median follow-up of 56 months. CONCLUSIONS Oral tacrolimus seems to be safe and effective in some patients with severe CD refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, particularly at a mean trough level of 10 to 15 ng/mL.
Regional variation in the structure and permeability of oral mucosa and skin

Abstract Molecules of low to moderate size are capable of passage through the skin and oral mucosa by simple diffusion. The diffusional resistance of the tissue is determined primarily by lipids in the intercellular spaces of the outer layers of the epithelium. In the skin, palate, and gingiva, this barrier function is provided by a stratum corneum, the intercellular spaces of which contain mainly ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids. The more flexible regions of the oral mucosa are lined by a non-keratinizing epithelium, the outer half to one-third of which provides a permeability barrier. The barrier region of the non-keratinized epithelia contains phospholipids, cholesterol and monohexosylceramides as major constituents. Differences in the composition and organization of lipids in the epithelial barriers result in regional variation in permeability.
Illustrating the economic consequences of FASB Statement No. 94, Consolidation of All Majority-Owned Subsidiaries

Abstract This paper presents classroom materials that have been used in an advanced accounting course to illustrate the economic consequences of the recent FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 94: Consolidation of All Majority-Owned Subsidiaries (FASB, 1987). These materials are used to stimulate discussion of both the economic costs (debt covenant violations, cost of borrowing effects, and information search and education costs) and the economic benefits (more comparable, relevant, and representationally faithful data) of the new consolidation requirement.
Inhibition of growth and differentiation of osteoprogenitors in mouse bone marrow stromal cell cultures by increased donor age and glucocorticoid treatment

Primary cultures of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) from long bones of young (4-5 months) and old (22-25 months) C57BL/6 male mice were used to study how donor age affects growth and differentiation of osteoblasts and their sensitivity to dexamethasone (DEX). We assessed changes in the number and area of alkaline phosphatase-positive bone-forming osteolastic colonies (CFU-ALP) and in the total number of colonies (CFU-F) that include ALP negative colonies. Cell proliferation and apoptosis, specific activity of ALP, were also measured for growth and differentiation. We found that the number of nucleated cells harvested from old mice was significantly higher (approximately 20% more) than that from young mice. However, the number of colonies formed by old cells was fewer and the total area less than those formed by young cells plated at the same density. Young and old cells responded similarly to DEX showing a dose-dependent decrease in colony number and area with more inhibition for area than number. DEX affected CFU-ALP more than CFU-F indicating a greater inhibition for osteoprogenitor cells than other cell types. Inhibition of cell attachment at early culture was the major cause for the DEX reduction of colony number and the major cause of area reduction was inhibition of cell proliferation. This was demonstrated by a severe dose-dependent lowering of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to less than 40% of the control. Although the number of apoptotic cells in the DEX-treated cultures was higher, apoptosis was not a major factor since the number of apoptotic cells was less than 5% even with DEX treatment. Despite these negative effects on colony number and size, DEX-enhanced osteoblastic differentiation activity by stimulating ALP activity of the colonies up to 25-fold in the young and 5-fold in the old. Our data suggest that increased age lowered the number of osteoprogenitor cells and their growth in BMSC cultures. DEX decreased the attachment and proliferation of BMSC in culture. These changes reflect age-related and glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia. Mouse BMSC cultures therefore may serve as a useful in vitro model to study the mechanisms of type II osteoporosis.
Gain and loss of propagating electromagnetic wave along a hollow silver nanorod.

Using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method, we examined the electromagnetic wave propagation along a hollow silver nanorod with subwavelength dimensions. The calculations show that light may propagate along the hollow nanorod with growing intensities. The influences of the shape, dimension, and length of the rod on the resonance wavelength and the enhanced local electric field, |E|2, along the rod were investigated. The resonance wavelength monotonically red-shifted with increasing rod dimension perpendicular to the polarization direction. The resonance peak initially shifted to blue with increasing rod dimension parallel to the polarization direction and eventually shifted to red after a threshold value. For the hollow rods with similar cross sections, the square and rectangular rods produced greater enhanced electric fields along the rods. For the rectangular hollow rods with a fixed 10 nm thick shell and 100 nm long edge perpendicular to the polarization direction, light propagates along the outer surface of the rods when the parallel edge length is larger than 50 nm. The propagating wave with higher intensities is confined inside the hollow rods when the parallel edge length is less than 50 nm.
Consumer Decision‐Making Styles of Young‐Adult Chinese

The dimensions and profiles of consumer decision-making styles of young-adult Chinese are investigated using a modified model of consumer decision-making styles and data recently collected from five Chinese universities. The results are then compared with those of similar studies using American and Korean data. While the dimensions of consumer decision-making styles are similar in these three countries, differences in consumer purchasing power and, maturity of the consumer market may contribute to the differences in consumer decision-making styles.
Children's knowledge of sexuality: a comparison of sexually abused and nonabused children

Sexually abused and nonabused children, matched for age and social class, were compared for knowledge of various aspects of sexuality. No differences between groups were found. Many of the abused children, however, gave unusual affective responses to the stimuli of the child interview, whereas none of the nonabused children did so. Implications for clinicians working with sexually abused children are discussed.
Desensitization of Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor-mediated Responses Involves Multiple Steps

Abstract Desensitization and recovery of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were measured in HEK293 cells stably expressing the G protein-coupled TRH receptor. TRH caused a large, rapid, and transient increase in IP3 and a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i. Desensitization of the TRH response was measured by exposing cells to TRH, washing, and then incubating the cells in hormone-free medium before reintroducing TRH and measuring IP3, [Ca2+]i, and intracellular Ca2+ pool size. When cells were incubated with 1 μm TRH for 10 s or 10 min and reexposed to TRH, there was almost no IP3 or [Ca2+]i increase. The IP3 response recovered first, followed by the [Ca2+]iresponse. The ionomycin-releasable intracellular Ca2+ pool was almost completely depleted by TRH, and pool refilling was slow. Thrombin, endothelin, and carbachol, when combined, stimulated large increases in IP3 and [Ca2+]i, but did not block the IP3 or [Ca2+]iresponses to TRH measured 10 min later. In contrast, cells exposed to TRH first responded to combined agonists with a nearly normal increase in IP3, but no rise in [Ca2+]i. Thus, the IP3 response to TRH displays homologous desensitization, whereas the [Ca2+]i response displays heterologous desensitization because depletion of intracellular Ca2+ pools prevents responses to other hormones.
Aplasia of right internal carotid artery and hypopituitarism

Background. The pathogenesis of congenital hypopituitarism is unknown in many cases. Objective. We report a case of congenital pan-anterior hypopituitarism in association with a complex vascular abnormality involving the central nervous system, nasal pyriform aperture stenosis, and a single central maxillary incisor. Materials and methods. MRI and MRA were used to define this patient's complex vascular anomaly. Results. The vascular abnormality consists of absence of the right common carotid artery, the right internal carotid artery, the A1 segment of the right anterior cerebral artery, the anterior communicating artery, and partial absence of the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery. Conclusion. This unusual vascular anomaly may contribute to the pathogenesis of some cases of congenital hypopituitarism and related midline abnormalities, or may result from a common defect that causes pituitary insufficiency.
Using Multiple Array Sensing and Non-Invasive Data Capture As a Model For Polypharmacy Error Detection

Developing standards and technology models that will facilitate e-prescribing is one of the key action items in the federal government's plan to build a nationwide electronic health information infrastructure in the United States. E-prescribing has the potential to drive change in the healthcare industry, but the unavailability of diagnostic testing and detection equipment outside of clinical settings makes expanded collection and use of information problematic. Most solutions are provider-based, and limited by organization-wide startup & maintenance costs, and risk-averse data distribution policies. Objective, consumer-provided standardized data can facilitate the use of distributed information networks in polypharmacy detection and avoidance. In this technology review we propose here one promising model for polypharmacy management and integrated diagnostics through the use of breath-based, multiple array sensing and data capture.
Radionuclide imaging in internal derangements of the knee

The clinical specificity and sensitivity of imaging with 99mTC was evaluated prospectively in 104 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital for diagnostic/surgical arthroscopy. Four distinct patterns of radionuclide ac tivity were seen that correlated with observed arthros copic findings. These patterns of activity were seen with 1 ) degenerative joint disease (DJD) or severe ro tational instability, 2) meniscal pathology, 3) fracture of the subchondral plate or full thickness cartilaginous ulceration, and 4) synovitis. Radionuclide imaging was seen to be extremely sensitive and highly specific for all four patterns of activity.The observed association of subchondral plate injury with meniscal pathology may present an explanation for the observed poor outcome in a limited number of patients following meniscectomy.
Interventional Approaches to Pain Management

This article reviews the evidence for several common interventional techniques for the treatment of chronic pain, including: intraspinal delivery of analgesics, reversible blockade with local anesthetics, augmentation with spinal cord stimulation, and ablation with radiofrequency energy or neurolytic agents. The role of these techniques is defined within the framework of a multidisciplinary approach to the neurobehavioral syndrome of chronic pain. Challenges to the study of the analgesic efficacy of procedural interventions are explored, as are the practical issues raised by their clinical implementation, with the aim of helping nonspecialist physicians identify the patients most likely to benefit from these approaches.
Visualizing History: Using Museum Skills to Teach Information Literacy to Undergraduates

Baruch College began an information studies minor that reinforces the principles of information literacy. However, it did not employ a visual component as a method of teaching information literacy skills. To fill this gap, a new course, using the process of researching and preparing an exhibit script to teach undergraduates information literacy skills, was developed. In this course, students have the opportunity to become creative, while at the same time learning the organizational and research skills needed to compose exhibit proposals, write labels and press releases, and, finally, to produce an exhibit script.
The low energy ion assisted control of interfacial structure: ion incident angle effects

Abstract It is difficult to maintain smooth unmixed interfaces during the vapor deposition of giant magnetoresistive multilayers, especially as the number of layers is increased. Recent atomistic modeling of normal incident angle ion impacts with model Ni/Cu/Ni multilayer surfaces have indicated that low energy (3 eV) inert gas ion bombardment significantly reduced the roughness of Cu on Ni interfaces without causing interlayer mixing. Higher ion energies (12 eV or above) were necessary to achieve similar smoothing of the Ni on Cu interface, but this was accompanied by extensive mixing between the surface Ni atoms and the underlying Cu atoms by an impact ion induced exchange mechanism. Here, molecular dynamics simulations have been used to explore the effect of varying the incident ion angle during 12 eV Ar + and Xe + ion bombardment of a model Ni on Cu surface. The results indicate that increasing the incident ion angle up to 70° reduced the probability of intermixing while retaining most of the surface flattening effect seen in the previous study. A low combination of interfacial roughness and intermixing was obtained for an incident ion angle of approximately 60°. The heavier Xe + ions were found to transfer more momentum to the surface atoms than the lighter Ar + ions, and resulted in significantly more mixing at all angles of incidence.
Release of immunoreactive α-MSH by synaptosome-enriched fractions of homogenates of hypothalami

Immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) was found to be concentrated in a synaptosome-enriched fraction prepared by differential centrifugation of rat hypothalamic homogenates. The release of the hormone from this preparation was investigated. After incubation, the synaptosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration and alpha-MSH in the ultrafiltrate was determined by radioimmunoassay. Particle-bound alpha-MSH, recovered by extraction with acid ethanol, and alpha-MSH released from the synaptosome preparation, were immunologically similar to synthetic alpha-MSH and had an accompanying melanotropic activity. Less than 10% of the particle-bound alpha-MSH was released during incubation in 0.32 M sucrose. However, in the presence of 2 mM Ca2+, alpha-MSH release increased with increasing concentrations (30-150 mM) of K+. The stimulatory effect of 60 mM K+ was complete within 2 min and was potentiated by increasing Ca2+ concentrations over the range of 0 to 2 mM. K+-induced release of alpha-MSH was independent of temperature from 1 to 30 degrees C, and neither glucose (10 mM) nor dopamine (10(-10)-10(-2) M) had any effect on the release of the peptide. It is concluded that a synaptosome-enriched fraction from the hypothalamus contains a releasable pool of immunoreactive alpha-MSH that is mobilized by depolarizing concentrations of K+ in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
Leptoquark production in ultrahigh-energy neutrino interactions reexamined

The prospects for producing leptoquarks (LQs) in ultrahigh-energy (UHE) neutrino nucleon collisions are reexamined in the light of recent interpretations of DESY HERA data in terms of leptoquark production. We update predictions for cross sections for the production of first- and second-generation leptoquarks in UHE {nu}-N and {bar {nu}}-N collisions including (i) recent experimental limits on masses and couplings from the CERN LEP and Fermilab Tevatron colliders as well as rare processes, (ii) modern parton distributions, and (iii) radiative corrections to single leptoquark production. If the HERA events are due to an SU(2) doublet leptoquark that couples mainly to e{sup +}q states, we argue that there are likely other LQ states that couple to neutrinos that are close in mass, due to constraints from precision electroweak measurements. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Duality in parabolic set up for questions in Kazhdan-Lusztig theory

In this short article, we expand on the ideas developed in [De21 viz. the so-called parabolic analogue of Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials. In that paper, we considered two Hecke algebra modules (corresponding to the two roots 1 and q of the equation u* = q + (q 1)~) which give rise to two sets of polynomials. The question of the relationship between those two modules was not considered there since it seemed somewhat of a digression in that context. It was noted however that these two sets of polynomials have different recursive relations and so they are different in nature. Special attention was given to the module corresponding to 1 and it was shown that the coefficients of the polynomials are given by the dimensions of stalks of intersection cohomology sheaves of certain generalized Schubert varieties (in Crystallographic cases). Recently, the author has been working on a combinatorial set up which is used to obtain a closed formula for the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials [De3]. While dealing with the parabolic case, one can not use the map “j’” [KL, Sect. 11 which gives a dual basis (viz. (Ci,} ) in case J= d, (see Remark 2.5 below). At this stage, the author came across a preprint by J. M. Douglass [Do], where concrete models for the two Hecke Algebra modulus are constructed for the parabolic case in a finite Coxeter group. It is further shown that these two are related to each other via a certain map @ defined by G. Lusztig [L]. Unfortunately those methods use the finiteness assumption in an essential way. The author realized that one may use alternate arguments which do not assume the finiteness. As a matter of fact, one can now tie up the two Hecke algebra modules by a natural duality (see Theorem 2.1 below) which then relates various other
Chemical Reactions in Solution: The New Photochemistry

Understanding the dynamics of chemical reactions in the condensed phase reaches a new plateau with each technological advance in time-resolved spectroscopy. Submicrosecond studies of the past revealed the role of long range molecular diffusion in condensed-phase chemistry and photochemistry. The picosecond (10−12–10−9 s) time scale, combined with the use of a high concentration of reactants, can provide new information about the “microdynamics” in the local region of the reaction itself. The role of solvent is particularly important: how it attaches to an activated reactant molecule, how it is displaced by the other reactant molecule preparatory to reaction, and how the solvent behavior affects the dynamics of single- and multi-channel processes, thus the relative yields of products in competing reactions. The theory presented here divides itself into two types: one that depends on a diffusion equation that also contains terms describing a distance-dependent reaction sink function and a reaction barrier; and a second type that deals phenomenologically with rate equations, including the rate of reactant/solvent interchange. Experiments subdivide naturally into steady state and transient measurements, the former dealing with quantum yields and steady state spectroscopic studies, the latter with picosecond transient spectroscopy. The two theoretical approaches can be interrelated in certain useful limits. The two types of experimental data, in combination with the theory, supply fundamental information about solvent participation in the local reaction region.
Subjective and cardiovascular responses to nicotine combined with caffeine during rest and casual activity

Although nicotine and caffeine have separately been shown to acutely increase subjective arousal, their combined effects are unclear. Furthermore, their effects during casual physical activity, the condition under which individuals usually experience nicotine and caffeine, are unknown. Smokers who were regular coffee drinkers (n=19, 9 males, 10 females) participated in eight morning sessions, involving nicotine/placebo, caffeine/no caffeine, and rest/physical activity (i.e. 2×2×2 within-subjects design). Nicotine (15 µg/kg) or placebo was given via measured-dose nasal spray intermittently after consumption of decaf coffee with or without added caffeine (5 mg/kg), followed by subjective [Profile of Mood States (POMS), Stress-Arousal Checklist, visual analog scales] and cardiovascular (heart rate, blood pressure) measures. Casual physical activity was standardized by low-intensity bicycle riding while sitting comfortably. Results indicated significant subjective and cardiovascular effects of nicotine and caffeine individually, with the combination of nicotine and caffeine generally producing additive or greater than additive effects for each measure. However, activity mediated some of the subjective effects of nicotine, as nicotine appeared to be “stimulating” during rest but not during activity. There were no differences between males and females. These findings suggest that nicotine per se and caffeine generally have additive subjective and cardiovascular effects, and that nicotine may influence subjective stimulation differentially depending on whether a smoker is resting or engaged in casual activity.
On the existence of positive solutions for semilinear elliptic equations in the annulus

Abstract We study the existence of positive radial solutions of Δu+g(|x|) ƒ(u) = 0 in annuli with Dirichlet (Dirichlet/Neumann) boundary conditions. We prove that the problems have positive radial solutions on any annulus if ƒ is sublinear at 0 and ∞.
Calcium entry activators: distinct sites of dihydropyridine and aminopyridine action

The dihydropyridine compound BAY K 8644, a putative calcium entry activator, inhibits binding of the dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker, [3H]nitrendipine, to rat skeletal muscle membranes. In contrast, aminopyridine compounds also believed to stimulate calcium flux do not interact with [3H]nitrendipine binding sites in skeletal muscle or brain. These findings suggest that calcium entry activators, like calcium entry blockers, affect voltage-dependent calcium channels by diverse mechanisms.
Man enough to let my wife support me: How changing models of career and gender are reshaping the experience of unemployment

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among unemployed U.S. high-technology workers, I challenge the association of job loss and unemployment with a crisis of masculinity. I argue that, in the United States today, middle-class workers conceptualize their careers as a string of contract positions, thus mitigating the personal and professional consequences of job loss and unemployment. Changing gender roles and the rise of dual-earner marriages in the United States have also reshaped the experience of middle-class unemployment, alleviating some of the emasculating effects of unemployment for men but prompting new crises for unemployed women.
Medication nonadherence and substance abuse in psychotic disorders : Impact of depressive symptoms and social stability

Although studies have consistently shown a strong relationship between medication nonadherence and substance abuse in psychotic disorders, less is understood about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the relationship between substance abuse and medication nonadherence in psychosis is mediated by depressive symptoms and social stability. Participants interviewed (N = 528) were adults with schizophrenia and related disorders receiving public mental health services in four US states. Multivariate analyses showed substance abuse, depressive symptoms, and living stability each contributed to medication nonadherence; thus, the relationship between substance abuse and medication adherence in psychotic disorders did not appear to be mediated by the selected variables. Instead, a robust association between depressive symptoms and medication adherence was found, attesting to the utility of assessing for depression when evaluating adherence among people with psychosis. Living instability was common and related to medication nonadherence, too, warranting further investigation.
Encapsulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Central Nervous System Repair

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have long been regarded as a cell source with the potential to provide therapies for various different tissue pathologies. They were originally identified for their ability to adhere to tissue culture plastic and gained favor due to their tremendous ability to propagate[1]. It was this finding as well as their ability to differentiate into lineages of mesoderm which have long made MSC a potential tool for autologous cellular replacement therapies [2, 3]. More recently, their cyto-protective role has been realized and been implicated in the benefit achieved in treating various different tissue pathologies. MSC have been found to secrete several different cytokines and growth factors in vitro. Furthermore, these factors can be modulated based on the environment MSC are exposed to. MSC have shown therapeutic benefits in models of GVHD, myocardial infarction, fulminant hepatic failure, central nervous system trauma and others, without any apparent cellular replacement. These advances propelled MSC to the fore front of potential cellular therapies and many are seeking to take advantage of their tissue protective properties. However, several draw backs in current methods of MSC implantation limit the ability to carry out safe and controlled clinical trials. Limitation with current MSC implantation approaches include; 1) directly transplanted MSCs exposed to the complex injury environment may be affected themselves early in the treatment processes, 2) MSC may also migrate to undesired tissue locations and 3) may differentiate into undesired end stage cells. These issues severally limit the translatability of MSC treatments in clinical settings; they make controlling experiments very difficult. There becomes a need to develop engineered methods for delivering these cells in a controlled manner. In order to circumvent these potential problems, we propose to use an alginate microencapsulation system as a vehicle for MSC delivery taking advantage of the soluble factors MSC provide.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Carboxy-Terminal Amino Acids of γA and γM Heavy Chains

The carboxy-terminal amino acids of α-and µ-chains from human immunoglobulins and α-chains from mouse immunoglobulins have been determined by carboxypeptidase digestion and hydrazinolysis. The data suggest the following carboxy-terminal sequences: human µ: Ala-Gly-Thr-Cys-TyrCOOH; human α: Thr-Cys-TyrCOOH; murine α: (Ileu, Cys)-TyrCOOH.
Measurement of pH and pK in microemulsions

Abstract Glass electrode pH measurements have been performed in oil in water microemulsions stabilized by butanol or pentanol and cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactant. In conjunction with the pH measurements, the p K a of chlorophenol red has been determined in these microemulsions using both cationic and anionic buffer systems. The results indicate that the interphase region of the microdroplet in which the indicator is located has an effective dielectric constant of about 20, and that the intrinsic p K a of a dye is the same in all microemulsions of this type provided both indicator species are in the same average environment. It is further suggested that the effective aqueous concentration of hydrogen ion is related to the geometric mean of the aqueous buffer and microemulsion concentrations, and that a pKa obtained using the average of the aqueous and microemulsion pH values is the most physically meaningful quantity.
Can we Overcome Thermo-elastic Limits on CO2 Injection Rates in Horizontal Wells?

Abstract Large-scale CO 2 sequestration projects will be prone to thermally induced fractures at injectors, because CO 2 delivered by pipeline will enter the storage formation significantly cooler than reservoir temperature at typical large injection rates. Fracturing will influence plume migration and may be forbidden by regulators, so it is important to be able to predict its onset, especially since it occurs at pressures below the nominal fracture gradient. Reducing the injection pressure by constructing horizontal wells does not obviate this limitation. Based on fracture initiation criterion and heat transfer model between wellbore fluid and formation, this work provides a simple tool for evaluating this tendency and strategies to avoid it in horizontal wells.
A pilot study to determine clinical tolerability of intensive combined modality therapy for locally unresectable gastric cancer

Abstract Eighteen patients with unresectable carcinoma of the stomach whose known malignant disease was confined to structures immediately adjacent to the primary tumor and could be encompassed within a radiotherapy field were treated with an intensive sequential combined modality regimen. The regimen consisted of 5-FU plus adriamycin chemotherapy, followed by high dose megavoltage radiation therapy with 5-FU given as a radiation sensitizer, followed by maintenance chemotherapy with 5-FU plus adriamycin plus methyl CCNU (FAMe). Our primary objective was to determine patient tolerability. Severe and prolonged anorexia, nausea, and decreased performance status occurred during and after high dose radiotherapy given twice daily in 150–170 cGy (rad) fractions when given with 5-FU. Lengthening intervals between treatment segments, and the use of one daily dose of radiation therapy combined with 5-FU or two fractions daily without 5-FU seemed to decrease nutritional complications. Control of tumor at the primary site appeared to be achieved in most patients. Distant metastases represented the predominant mode of treatment failure with only two patients currently without progression of malignant disease. Our treatment regimen as initially conceived was too toxic for general use. Improved therapeutic results in locally unresectable gastric cancer will require the development of more effective therapy for occult distant metastases.