cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embolic Stroke, Atrial Fibrillation, and Microbleeds: Is There a Role for Anticoagulation?

A 73-year-old man presents with an ischemic stroke. Work-up reveals paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a small cortical infarct and 8 incidental cortical microbleeds. Should the patient be started on oral anticoagulation or aspirin? if oral anticoagulation, which agent (warfarin, dabigatran, apixaban, others)? ### Hans-Christoph Diener Patients with AF have a high risk of ischemic stroke, which can be dramatically reduced by oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).1 I will look at our patient from different positions. First, the patient has paroxysmal AF. The type of AF (paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent) has only a minor impact on the stroke risk.2 All types of AF respond to oral anticoagulation with VKAs or non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in a similar way. Therefore, our patient needs to be anticoagulated. Second, the patient’s MRI shows a cortical embolic looking stroke. Therefore, it is likely that the stroke was due to AF. Lacunar strokes, which are treated with antiplatelet therapy, are located in the white matter, basal ganglia or in the brainstem and midbrain. The location and type of infarction makes a hemodynamic stroke due to large vessel disease unlikely. A patient with a severe carotid stenosis and AF would need to undergo carotid endarterectomy. Third, the patient has a small number of cerebral microbleeds. These do not constitute a contraindication to oral anticoagulation. Microbleeds are key markers of cerebral small vessel disease.3 In a retrospective analysis, Horstmann et al4 analyzed data from a prospectively recruiting stroke registry in patients with AF; 785 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack with brain MRI including susceptibility weighted imaging were consecutively enrolled during a 3-year period. At least 1 …
Guided imagery: a significant advance in the care of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

PURPOSE: Guided imagery uses the power of thought to influence psychologic and physiologic states. Some studies have shown that guided imagery can decrease anxiety, analgesic requirements, and length of stay for surgical patients. This study was designed to determine whether guided imagery in the perioperative period could improve the outcome of colorectal surgery patients. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized trial of patients undergoing their first elective colorectal surgery at a tertiary care center. Patients were randomly assigned into one of two groups. Group 1 received standard perioperative care, and Group 2 listened to a guided imagery tape three days preoperatively; a music-only tape during induction, during surgery, and postoperatively in the recovery room; a guided imagery tape during each of the first six postoperative days. Both groups had postoperative patient-controlled analgesia. All patients rated their levels of pain and anxiety daily, on a linear analog scale of 0 to 100. Total narcotic consumption, time to first bowel movement, length of stay, and number of patients with complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Groups were similar in age and gender distribution, diagnoses, and surgery performed. Median baseline anxiety score was 75 in both groups. Before surgery, anxiety increased in the control group but decreased in the guided imagery group (median change, 30; P < 0.001). Postoperatively, median increase in the worst pain score was 72.5 for the control group and 42.5 for the imagery group (P < 0.001). Least pain was also significantly different (P < 0.001), with a median increase of 30 for controls and 12.5 for the imagery group. Total opioid requirements were significantly lower in the imagery group, with a median of 185 mg vs. 326 mg in the control group (P < 0.001). Time to first bowel movement was significantly less in the imagery group (median, 58 hours) than in the control group (median, 92 hours; P < 0.001). The number of patients experiencing postoperative complications (nausea, vomiting, pruritus, or ileus) did not differ in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Guided imagery significantly reduces postoperative anxiety, pain, and narcotic requirements of colorectal surgery and increases patient satisfaction. Guided imagery is a simple and low-cost adjunct in the care of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.
Effect of Ligation on Cuticular Melanin Synthesis in Late Larvae of the Oleander Hawk Moth, Deilephila nerii,

Late larvae of the oleander hawk moth, Deilephila nerii (L.) (Sphingidae), develop a black color (melanin) on their dorsal abdominal regions 36–48 h before larvalpupal ecdysis. Ligation of the larvae at specific times (at least 24 h before color change but before pharate pupal development) will prevent pigment formation posterior to the ligature. Ligation 4–10 h before the color change has no effect. It is suggested that melanin synthesis in late larvae of this insect is initiated by blood-borne factors, with the brain perhaps playing a major role in the color change.
Paradoxical retention of uric acid by uricosuric drugs in low dosage.

SummarySalicylate, phenylbutazone, certain phenylbutazone derivatives and probenecid, all of which in high plasma drug concentrations increase the uric acid clearance, are demonstrated by appropriate renal clearance technics to depress the uric acid clearance at low plasma drug concentrations. The significance of this paradoxical reversibility of effects is discussed in relation to controversial aspects of phenylbutazone uricosuria, the phenomenon of “compensatory” uric acid retention after discontinuance of uricosuric agents, and the nature of tubular transport mechanisms for uric acid.
A Bioassay Technique for Screening Feeding Stimulants for Larvae of Tobacco Budworm

When an improved bioassay technique (a modified cotton-leaf-disk method) was used to determine the feeding stimulants in plant extracts for larvae of Heliothis virescens (F.), the water extract of corn kernels was the most stimulatory compared with water extracts of cotton squares, corn silks, and cotton flower petals.
Dynamic versus anorogenic setting for Mesoproterozoic plutonism in the Wet Mountains, Colorado: Does the interpretation depend on level of exposure?

New field investigations in the Wet Mountains of Colorado reveal informative structural-plutonic relationships surrounding Mesoproterozoic intrusions. Gneisses and schists of the Wet Mountains host syntectonic ∼1.7-Ga and ∼1.4-Ga plutons plus two to three generations of sills and stocks. Comparison of two study areas reveals a variation in metamorphic grade, crustal position, and structural rigidity of gneisses hosting the 1.4-Ga intrusions, with implications for the interpretation of dynamic versus anorogenic intrusive settings. An episode of post-1.4-Ga mineral growth was recorded in the Wet Mountains by overprinting mineral textures and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar hornblende ages of 1369 ± 4 to 1342 ± 6 Ma. Mineral textures and rock fabrics provide evidence of three significant Proterozoic deformational events in the Wet Mountains. Predominant northwest- to west-striking foliation is a second-phase fabric, S 2 , developed during regional plutonism at 1.66–1.7 Ga. S 0 , relict sedimentary layering, and S 1 , an earlier penetrative foliation, are preserved within cordierite. Fabric development and metamorphism during 1.4-Ga magmatism varied across the range. Middle amphibolite-grade gneisses of the Arkansas River Canyon in the north give way to stromatic migmatites in the central Wet Mountains. S 2 was completely transposed in two discrete shear zones. The Five Points Gulch shear zone strikes approximately north-south and records sinistral-oblique displacement along a sillimanite mineral lineation. The Newlin Creek shear zone strikes northwest, with top-southwest transport. Fabric within 1.4-Ga intrusions varies from locally developed foliation on discordant margins (northern Wet Mountains) to strong concordant foliation in extensive sills (central Wet Mountains). Later sills are less well-foliated and slightly discordant, indicating syntectonic granitic emplacement. Blocks of host gneiss were assimilated along some sill margins, attesting to a similarity in temperature between intruded material and country rock. The variation in degree of metamorphic recrystallization, degree of transposition, and style of intrusion from north to south in the Wet Mountains is attributed to southward increase in temperature and structural depth. This study suggests that pluton emplacement depth influenced structural development and thus bears on the interpretation of dynamic versus anorogenic context for 1.4-Ga magmatism.
Study on Oxide-layer Drop of Inner Pipe for High Temperature Over-heater of 102 Steel

Aimed at the tube-burst accident caused by blinding off the tube because of inner pipe oxide-layer drop of 102 steel high temperature over-heater,the microstructure and composition of oxide-layer were analyzed by SEM,metallurgical microscope,EDS.From material and practical running,the reasons of the production and drop,the mechanism of inner oxidation were studied.Some methods were put forward to avoid or remit the production and drop of inner pipe oxide-layer.
Analysis on the wheat productivity in China

Wheat is a kind of important food crop in China and has been faced with great pressure in increasing its production in recent years. In order to study wheat's productivity,firstly,through gathering and sorting data,the results show that wheat's land productivity and labor productivity in China have the trend to rise,and the capital productivity has the trend to decrease. Then,by further analysis on various factors that affect the wheat production efficiency,the results show that the input of fertilizer,land and machinery have a positive effect to improve wheat production. The input of fertilizer has the greatest influence and the land input effects had the least influence. The input of labor,seed and pesticide has a negative effect on the improvement of wheat productivity. In the end,according to the research conclusions,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward including stabilizing the sown area,guiding the flow of rural labor force,promoting the appropriate scale management,improving the social service and strengthening the production technology promotion.
Technology of "Combination-Creation-Evolution":an Attempt Under Opening The Black Box of Technology

Through exploring the nature of technology from interior of the black box of technology,the American thinker of technology,W·Friday· Arthurexplore proposed a complete set of theory on the nature of technology and how it evolves.This theoretical framework reveals three basic principle inside of technology,the logical structure among them and the evolution mechanism of technology in its deepest essence.The theory on a great degree unifies the ever views about technology that are from philosophy of technology,philosophy of engineering,philosophy of design,economics,sociology,and even many of the scientific viewpoints.
The Regulation of Drugs and Biological Products by the Food and Drug Administration

Publisher Summary The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates medical products throughout their life cycle to help ensure the quality of the product, protection of human subjects in clinical trials, and safety and effectiveness of medical products that are marketed. The FDA regulates these products based on sound science, law, and public health. It is composed of scientists of many disciplines, including physicians, biologists, chemists, pharmacologists, microbiologists, statisticians, consumer safety officers, and epidemiologists. The FDA is further responsible for the review of regulatory submissions, the development and implementation of regulatory policy, research and scientific exchange, product surveillance, and compliance. As a science-based institution, the FDA strives to facilitate the development of new safe and effective medical products, while ensuring the safety of the products and their uses. Following the approval of a product, it performs biennial inspections to assess the firm's compliance with current good manufacturing practice. The FDA evaluates the observations and determines whether further regulatory action is needed. If the deficiencies are severe, it can issue an “intent to revoke” action, and if appropriate corrections are not made, it can revoke the license. The FDA can also fine the sponsor or seek an injunction to stop the marketing of a product.
Chronic use of PAH-specific therapy in World Health Organization Group III Pulmonary Hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis:

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-PH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD-PH) (World Health Organization [WHO] Group III PH) increases medical cost...
Driven woodcock shoots at Cong.

The old traditionalists boast of the prized "Driven Woodcock Shoots" at Cong Forest and it is now pretty well accepted that it is the only one of any significance in Europe. The driven woodcock shoot is classed as the most sporting of all shoots. The Cong shoots, usually of six days duration, in early December and late January, have always been regarded as sporting, social and calendar events. Apart from their undoubted sporting aspect, their social side has always been important in the life of the poorer community of the area. In the late twenties, the thirties, forties and even fifties, local families depended on the December shoot for that 'something' for the Christmas dinner table. The January outing was relied upon for the provision of a pair of shoes or possibly for an item of badly needed clothing. The shoots were definite calendar dates in the area and one still hears of 'such and such' a thing happening "before the first shoot" or "just after the January shoot".
Pathology resident perspectives about early autopsy experiences.

Abstract The performance of autopsies remains an integral part of residency training in Anatomic Pathology. A number of medical schools no longer require an autopsy experience; therefore, a subset of pathology residents has never seen an autopsy performed prior to commencement of residency training. Although much as been written regarding student's perspectives on their medical school anatomy experiences, practically nothing has been written about resident perspectives on the autopsy experience. Surveys were sent to all Pathology resident trainees (n = 27) in a training program exploring resident perspectives on their early autopsy experiences. Of the 13 residents who completed the survey, ten indicated a discomfort level of 3 or 4 (Likert scale of 1–5 with 1 = no discomfort and 5 = very uncomfortable) associated with their first autopsy; the most commonly cited reasons included discomfort with odors/body fluids (n = 6), fear of making a mistake (n = 5), and uncertainty about what to do (n = 4). Six residents felt it would be worthwhile to engage in a discussion around the first autopsy experience to help process it. In summary, a subset of residents experience discomfort around their first autopsy experience. Sensitivity to and acknowledgement of this discomfort and an opportunity to vet feelings and concerns should be considered as part of Pathology residency education.
Urban Stream Restoration Projects: Do Project Phase, Distance, and Type Affect Nearby Property Sale Prices?

Between 1990 and 2014, more than 200 restoration projects were implemented in the Johnson Creek Watershed, Oregon, to mitigate storm water runoff, restore floodplains, remove invasive plants, restore wetlands, and improve fish and wildlife habitat. We use a repeat-sales model to investigate if restoration projects have an effect on the sale price of nearby single-family residential properties, and if estimated effects vary by project phase, distance, and type. Properties in closest proximity to storm water, floodplain, and revegetation projects experience a positive effect during different project phases. Estimated effects for wetland projects are negative for 9 of the 12 distance/project phase variables.
Abstract 5330: CD36 Participates in a Signaling Pathway That Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Formation

Previous studies showed that CD36 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in mouse models of cerebral and cardiac ischemia. Using CD36 −/− and wild type (WT) mice and cultured murine aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), we examined the mechanisms by which CD36 regulates ROS formation and their potential functional significance. Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed significantly increased expression of Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx 2), an antioxidant enzyme known to detoxify ROS, in carotid arteries from CD36 −/− mice. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the increase and revealed that expression was mainly in smooth muscle. Western blots showed increased Prdx2 expression in isolated VSMC from CD36 −/− mice compared to WT, as well as increased levels of Nrf2, a transcription factor known to regulate anti-oxidant systems. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Nrf2 bound to the antioxidant responsive elements in the Prdx2 promoter and transfection of Nrf2 cDNA into HEK293 cells induced Prdx2 expression. In CD36 −/− VSMC exposure to oxidant stress (H 2 O 2 ) induced higher Prdx2 expression than in WT cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of Src kinases increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in VSMC, suggesting that CD36 signaling through src kinases contributes to Nrf2 nuclear export or degradation. We previously showed that CD36−/− mice had prolonged thrombosis times after carotid artery injury induced by FeCl 3 . We therefore monitored ROS production in the vessel wall after injury using hydroethidine, a fluorescent superoxide probe. FeCl 3 dose dependently induced accumulation of ROS; however, the degree was significantly lower in CD36 −/− than in WT mice. Direct injection of Edavarone, a free radical scavenger, significantly prolonged time to thrombosis in all mice but the effect was much less in CD36 −/− animals than in WT. We also found fewer endothelial cell-derived microparticles in plasma of CD36 −/− mice after FeCl 3 treatment, suggesting less endothelial injury. We conclude that CD36 mediated down-regulation of antioxidant systems in vascular cells may contribute to its pro-thrombotic and atherogenic effects.
COMBINED EFFECTS OF DODECYL BENZENE SULFONATE AND LOW SALINITIES ON TISBE BULBISETOSA (COPEPODA: HARPACTICOIDA)

ABSTRACT The effects of four concentrations of dodecyl benzene sulfonate at four salinity levels on adult Tisbe bulbisetosa were studied in laboratory experiments. The DBS solutions were analysed by the methylene method to control their stability with time. Results indicate that the effective concentration of DBS decreases within two weeks after preparation of solutions and the decreasing seems to be depending both on initial concentration and on salinity level. On the basis of the biological results, it was demonstrated that DBS is not the only toxic component of the domestic detergents; furthermore it was observed that salinity increases the noxiousness of detergent and vice versa. The results obtained are obviously restricted to the species Tisbe bulbisetosa , which however is a good example of organism, living in world–wide coastal waters, such as estuaries and lagoons, where it is frequent to find low salinities and high detergent pollution.
Evaluation of version 3.0B of the BEHR OMI NO 2 product

Abstract. Version 3.0B of the Berkeley High Resolution (BEHR) Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 product is designed to accurately retrieve daily variation in the high-spatial-resolution mapping of tropospheric column NO2 over continental North America between 25 and 50 ∘ N. To assess the product, we compare against in situ aircraft profiles and Pandora vertical column densities (VCDs). We also compare the WRF-Chem simulation used to generate the a priori NO2 profiles against observations. We find that using daily NO2 profiles improves the VCDs retrieved in urban areas relative to low-resolution or monthly a priori NO2 profiles by amounts that are large compared to current uncertainties in NOx emissions and chemistry (of the order of 10 % to 30 %). Based on this analysis, we offer suggestions to consider when designing retrieval algorithms and validation procedures for upcoming geostationary satellites.
Sources of Friendship and Structurally Induced Homophily across the Life Course

How people meet new friends changes throughout life in ways that change the potential for diverse friendships. This study presents results from the first U.S. survey with data on how respondents me...
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Model for Blood Vessel Growth and Enlargement

Endothelial cell migration, replication, and vessel formation are functions generally considered to make up the initial phase of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis can also be considered to have a major second phase when small vessels enlarge by expansion and recruitment of smooth muscle cells. 1,2 Angiogenesis, such as occurs in wound repair, or formation of collateral blood vessels following an infarct, ischemia, or reduced blood flow, is certainly advantageous for normal tissue function. One the other hand, angiogenesis in tumor neovascularization, diabetic retinopathy, or vascular malformations that become hemorrhagic or bypass the capillary bed is clearly harmful. Much of the recent work on angiogenesis has focused on the early phase, with less on vessel enlargement. An excellent example of the vessel enlargement phase and a reasonable model with which to study this phase of angiogenesis is the autosomal dominant genetic disorder hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Weber-Rendu disease.
Property E in Commutative Monoid Rings

There has been extensive work on the problem of determining equivalent conditions, for various ring-theoretic properties E, in order that a commutative semigroup ring should have property E. This paper is a survey of some known results in this area. We focus on properties E that are related either to chain conditions or to unique element factorization.
Evaluation of Age- and Radical-Prostatectomy Related Changes in Male Pelvic Floor Anatomy Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 3-Dimensional Reconstruction.

PURPOSE Puborectalis muscles (PRM) and ischiocavernosus muscles (ICM) play important roles in urinary continence and male erectile functions. Understanding of anatomy and surgical-injury related changes to these muscles is critical to monitor changes in continence or erectile function. Anatomical description of these muscles has undergone revisions because these conclusions were derived from cadavers. Our objectives were to: (i) elucidate male pelvic muscles by in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of these images and (ii) compare PRM and ICM thickness in healthy volunteers and symptomatic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy young male (mean age, 25 years; n=5), older male (age, 65-70 years; n=5), and post-prostatectomy patients with erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence (age, 65-70 years; n=5) were scanned on a 3T-magnetic resonance scanner. Images were acquired from slices above urinary bladder base to urethra entry into penis. Pelvic bone, bladder/urethra, corpus cavernosum, ICM, PRM, and prostate were segmented. 3-D models of each structure were generated and assembled into composite images, and ICM and PRM thicknesses were calculated. RESULTS We successfully reconstructed 3-D male pelvic floor anatomy including ICM, PRM, bladder, urethra, bulbospongiosus, corpus cavernosa, prostate and bones from the two groups. We documented significant reduction in PRM and ICM thickness in older men. CONCLUSIONS This is perhaps the first 3-D reconstruction of male pelvic floor structures based on in-vivo MRI in healthy and symptomatic patients. Observed reduction in PRM and ICM thickness is possibly due to age-related atrophy.
Caregiver Perspectives on Informed Consent for a Pediatric Learning Healthcare System Model of Care.

Data is needed to provide insight into the issue of preference around consent for use of pediatric clinical data for research. This study evaluated caregivers’ preferences concerning use of their c...
Glioma Diagnosis and Classification: Illuminating the Gold Standard

Accurate glioma classification is essential for optimal patient care, and requires integration of histological and immunohistochemical findings with molecular features, in the context of imaging and demographic information. This paper will introduce classic histologic features of gliomas in contrast to nonneoplastic brain parenchyma, describe the basic clinical algorithm used to classify infiltrating gliomas, and demonstrate how the classification is reflected in the diagnostic reporting structure. Key molecular features include IDH mutational status and 1p/19q codeletion. In addition, molecular changes may indicate poor prognosis despite lower grade histology, such as findings consistent with two grade IV infiltrating gliomas: molecular glioblastoma and diffuse midline gliomas. Detailed molecular characterization aids in optimization of treatment with the goal of improved patient outcomes.
Feasibility of dual-contrast fluorescence imaging of pathological breast tissues

The combination of intravital dye, methylene blue (MB), with molecular cancer marker, pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) conjugated with fluorescent Alexa532 (Alexa532-pHLIP), was evaluated for enhancing contrast of pathological breast tissue ex vivo. Fresh, thick breast specimens were stained sequentially with Alexa532-pHLIP and aqueous MB and imaged using dual-channel fluorescence microscopy. MB and Alexa532-pHLIP accumulated in the nuclei and cytoplasm of cancer cells, respectively. MB also stained nuclei of normal cells. Some Alexa532-pHLIP fluorescence emission was detected from connective tissue and benign cell membranes. Overall, Alexa532-pHLIP showed high affinity to cancer, while MB highlighted tissue morphology. The results indicate that MB and Alexa532-pHLIP provide complementary information and show promise for the detection of breast cancer.
Examining changes in recreation participation on the Monongahela National Forest over five years following the global financial crisis: An activity-based segmentation approach.

Abstract Research on recreational use market segments and trends are essential for determining how tourism businesses can better meet the needs of their customers and find new target markets especially during challenging times. The purpose of this study was to determine how recreation participation has changed over five years on the Monongahela National Forest following the world financial crisis of 2008–2009. Data used for this research were collected with the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) surveys for fiscal years 2009 and 2014. NVUM surveys are on-site interviews conducted at the end of a visit. The surveys produce descriptive information about visitors. NVUM uses a stratified random sampling methodology to collect data for each use level (e.g., low, medium, high, or very high) and site type (e.g., Day Use Developed Sites, Overnight Use Developed Sites, General Forest Areas, and Wilderness Sites). Data were collected during a 12-month period and a total of 1,851 interviews were completed. Two step cluster analysis of 18 activity participation variables (binary data) was conducted with 5 clusters specified. The clusters include Relaxing in Nature Package, Backpacking and Hiking Package, Viewing Nature and Hunting Package, Picnicking Package, and Purely Fishing, and they were compared with an activity package typology. Changes in demographics, trip spending, nights away from home, and overall satisfaction were examined for each market segment. Potential market winners and losers during the financial crisis were identified helping tourism providers develop more efficient strategies.
Implementation of Machine Learning Software on the Radiology Worklist Decreases Scan View Delay for the Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage on CT.

Background and Purpose: Prompt identification of acute intracranial hemorrhage on CT is important. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of artificial intelligence software for prioritizing positive cases. Materials and Methods: Cases analyzed by Aidoc (Tel Aviv, Israel) software for triaging acute intracranial hemorrhage cases on non-contrast head CT were retrospectively reviewed. The scan view delay time was calculated as the difference between the time the study was completed on PACS and the time the study was first opened by a radiologist. The scan view delay was stratified by scan location, including emergency, inpatient, and outpatient. The scan view delay times for cases flagged as positive by the software were compared to those that were not flagged. Results: A total of 8723 scans were assessed by the software, including 6894 cases that were not flagged and 1829 cases that were flagged as positive. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the scan view time for emergency cases, there was a significantly lower scan view time for positive outpatient and inpatient cases flagged by the software versus negative cases, with a reduction of 604 min on average, 90% in the scan view delay (p-value < 0.0001) for outpatients, and a reduction of 38 min on average, and 10% in the scan view delay (p-value <= 0.01) for inpatients. Conclusion: The use of artificial intelligence triage software for acute intracranial hemorrhage on head CT scans is associated with a significantly shorter scan view delay for cases flagged as positive than cases not flagged among outpatients and inpatients at an academic medical center.
OpEvo: An Evolutionary Method for Tensor Operator Optimization.

Training and inference efficiency of deep neural networks highly rely on the performance of tensor operators on hardware platforms. Manually optimizing tensor operators has limitations in terms of supporting new operators or hardware platforms. Therefore, automatically optimizing device code configurations of tensor operators is getting increasingly attractive. However, current methods for tensor operator optimization usually suffer from poor sample-efficiency due to the combinatorial search space. In this work, we propose a novel evolutionary method, OpEvo, which efficiently explores the search spaces of tensor operators by introducing a topology-aware mutation operation based on q-random walk to leverage the topological structures over the search spaces. Our comprehensive experiment results show that compared with state-of-the-art(SOTA) methods OpEvo can find the best configuration with the lowest variance and least efforts in the number of trials and wall-clock time. All code of this work is available online.
Stable Testers for Environment Sensitive Systems

We present a new testing technique for a restricted class of nondeterministic systems, we qualify as environment sensitive. Such systems are specified and implemented such that all nondeterministic transitions, whether internal or not, are conditionally driven function of a system’s environment conditions. The rationale and the practical aspects of this class will be given. The intention is to provide a pragmatic framework to improve the testability aspects of nondeterministic systems. We show that our restricted class of systems coupled with a new testing postulate Wait and Lock Stability lead to testing conditions similar to those of traditional sequential/deterministic systems; the testing postulate is analyzed and an algorithmic characterization for the construction of testers, that are both sequential and stable, from system specifications provided. Finally, we establish the correlation of our results and testing approach to the related work in failure and failure trace semantics when applicable.
Special Considerations in Treating Arteriovenous Malformations

This chapter focuses on the special considerations in treating arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). AVMs require comprehensive assessment and consideration of multiple factors in their treatment. Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm or AVM accounts for about 4.4% of all maternal deaths and is the third most frequent nonobstetrical cause for maternal death. About half of the obstetrical patients presenting with hemorrhage have a ruptured AVM. The management of ruptured AVMs during pregnancy poses several difficulties. The diagnostic studies involve significant radiation exposure and require proper shielding of the abdomen. About 10% of cerebral AVMs have associated aneurysms. These aneurysms can be located on the primary feeding vessels or other vessels. The incidence of associated aneurysms is higher if considering arterial aneurysms on small feeding arteries near the malformations or even intranidal aneurysms. Multiple AVMs occur in 3–4% of the patients. These are relatively more common with familial involvement, the incidence of which is about 2%. The treatment needs to be individualized by utilizing surgery, radiosurgery, and preoperative embolization as feasible for different lesions.
ASSEMBLY OF ANTIBODIES AND MUTAGENIZED VARIANTS IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS AND PLANT CELL CULTURES

Antibody molecules, taken out of the context of the vertebrate immune system, are complex glycosylated proteins with high binding specificities for antigens. The variety of possible antigens is virtually limitless. Specific antibodies can be elicited from the mammalian immune system that have high affinity for synthetic organic molecules, as well as for naturally occurring organic compounds.
Infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver; report of three cases.

Three cases of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver are reported, one with spontaneous regression. In two cases there was cardiac hypertrophy, dilatation and failure, presumably due to arteriovenous shunting within the tumor. Clinical and pathologic aspects are discussed. The similarity of this tumor to the infantile hemangioma of the skin is cited and a similarity of natural evolution suggested. Therapeutic and prognostic implications of such a natural course are discussed.
The Predictive Power of Treasury Securities: Estimating Changes in Market Expectations of Future Inflation

Many courses in financial economics cover the estimation of forward rates implied in Treasury spot rates. A less well-known extension of this discussion shows how yields on TIPS and similar-maturity conventional Treasury securities may be used to extract the market's inflation expectation. We illustrate the use of this methodology with data for the beginning of 2007 and 2008. One interesting opportunity to apply this method arose in January 2008 around the time of two substantial federal funds target rate cuts by the Federal Reserve. Near-term and longer-term inflation expectations appear to have responded differently to the first and second interest rate cuts, which were only ten days apart. After reporting our results, we discuss caveats that should be taken into account when applying this method.
Computational Methods for Physically-based FE Mesh Generation

Abstract This paper describes a new computational method for fully automated 2D/3D FE mesh generation that satisfies the basic requirements of element shape regularity, node constraint capability, and density control. We propose a physically-based approach inspired by nature's shape finding process which gives topology and geometry similar to ideal FE meshes. A good 2D example is the pattern assumed by soap bubbles floating in liquid, a repeating hexagonal pattern. Connecting the bubble's center points produces a mesh of equilateral triangles. In the proposed approach, each mesh node is modeled as a bubble with a point mass and viscous damping, and bubbles attract or repel each other depending on proximity. After the final force-balancing bubble configuration is obtained by solving the governing equation of motion numerically, a complete mesh is generated by Delaunay triangulation.
Using Bloomberg Terminals in a Security Analysis and Portfolio Management Course

Motivated by an obvious gap between the widespread use of Bloomberg terminals in the finance industry and the scant resources available to an instructor on how to incorporate the available information through the terminal into a finance course, we illustrate our experience using the terminal in an equity-focused security analysis and portfolio management course. Our goal is to enable students inexperienced with the terminal to prepare an analyst report. We identify the most significant challenges we face and provide the corresponding solutions. Our results are also applicable to other finance courses including financial analysis, investments, and student managed investment fund.
Genetic mapping of cucumber mosaic virus.

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is an isometric plant virus with a broad host range and a functionally divided genome (Peden and Symons, 1973; Kaper and Waterworth, 1981). RNAs 1 (3.3 kb) and 2 (3.0 kb) each encode one protein (111 kD and 97 kD, respectively), both of which are essential for virus replication (Nitta et al., 1988). RNA 3 (2.2 kb) encodes the viral coat protein (24 kD) and an additional protein (30 kD) thought to be involved in potentiating the cell-to-cell movement of the virus (Davies and Symons, 1988).
Self-assembly of collagen I from a proband homozygous for a mutation that substituted serine for glycine at position 661 in the alpha-2(I) chain: Possible relationship between the effects of mutations on critical concentration and the severity of the phenotype

Procollagen I was isolated from cultured skin fibroblasts from a proband who was homozygous for a mutation in the COL1A2 gene that substituted a serine codon for a glycine codon at position 661 of the alpha 2(I) chain. The procollagen I was cleaved to pCcollagen I by procollagen N-proteinase and the pCcollagen I was used as a substrate for assay of self-assembly of collagen I into fibrils. The mutated pCcollagen I was cleaved to collagen I by procollagen C-proteinase at the same rate as control pCcollagen I. However, self-assembly of the mutated collagen I had a lag period that was 15-fold greater than the lag period observed with normal collagen I under the same conditions. Also, self-assembly of the mutated collagen I had a propagation rate of about one-fourth of the propagation rate of normal collagen I. In addition, the critical concentration for fibril assembly was slightly increased. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy of the mutated procollagen I did not reveal any increased flexibility of the triple helix as was seen previously with two mutated procollagens I in which there were substitutions of cysteine for glycine residues in the alpha 1(I) chain (Vogel, B. E., Doelz, R., Kadler, K. E., Hojima, Y., Engel, J., and Prockop, D. J. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 19249-19255; Lightfoot, S. J., Holmes, D. F., Brass, A., Grant, M. E., Byers, P. H., and Kadler, K. E. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25521-25528). However, morphometric analysis by dark-field light microscopy and electron microscopy showed that the fibrils formed from the mutated collagen I appeared thicker in diameter than the fibrils formed from the normal collagen I. Comparison of the results with similar data on four mutated procollagens previously studied raised the possibility that mutations which markedly increase the critical concentration of fibril assembly produce more severe phenotypes than mutations which change other parameters of fibril assembly.
Value of antigen and antibody detection, and blood evaluation parameters in diagnosis of avian invasive aspergillosis

The applicability of ELISA detection of circulating Aspergillus spp. antigen (Ag) and systemic antibody (Ab) of IgG class, and the blood parameter values were evaluated for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in Aspergillus spp.-challenged Peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). The protective role of Aspergillus spp. IgG was evaluated in Cape shelducks (Tadorna cana) immunized with Aspergillus spp. Ag. Challenged but non-immunized A. platyrhynchos developed invasive aspergillosis on day 21 as demonstrated histopathologically by the presence of fungal micro-granuloma in air sacs and lung tissue, with serum antigenemia fluctuating from 65 to 270 ng of 55-kD basic protein Ag per ml. Immunized A. platyrhynchos did not demonstrate Aspergillus spp. serum antigenemia but did show rare histopathological changes in some air sacs associated with fungal inflammation. Although the differences between immunized and non-immunized T. cana in blood evaluation parameters did not differ significantly, immunized birds mounted high Aspergillus spp.-specific IgG titer. There was no correlation between the blood parameter values and post-immunization timepoints in T. cana and in A. Platyrhynchos. Intramuscular immunization with Aspergillus spp. mycelial phase cultures Ag provided protection against the pathogens. The lack of relations between blood parameter values and increasing Aspergillus spp. IgG titers (in T. cana and A. platyrhynchos) indicate low applicability of these parameters in evaluation of a bird Aspergillus spp. status. Detection of circulating 55-kDa Aspergillus spp. Ag has high early predictive values for invasive aspergillosis in birds.
Phase fluctuations in anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates: From cigars to rings

We study the phase-fluctuating condensate regime of ultracold atoms trapped in a ring-shaped trap geometry, which has been realized in recent experiments. We first consider a simplified box geometry, in which we identify the conditions to create a state that is dominated by thermal phase fluctuations, and then explore the experimental ring geometry. In both cases we demonstrate that the requirement for strong phase fluctuations can be expressed in terms of the total number of atoms and the geometric length scales of the trap only. For the ring-shaped trap we discuss the zero temperature limit in which a condensate is realized where the phase is fluctuating due to interactions and quantum fluctuations. We also address possible ways of detecting the phase-fluctuating regime in ring condensates.
Fcγ receptor pathways during active and passive immunization

IgG antibodies are actively produced in response to antigenic challenge or passively administered as an effective form of immunotherapy to confer immunity against foreign antigens. Their protective activity is mediated through their bifunctional nature: a variable Fab domain mediates antigen-binding specificity, whereas the constant Fc domain engages Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) expressed on the surface of leukocytes to mediate effector functions. While traditionally considered the invariant domain of an IgG molecule, the Fc domain displays remarkable structural heterogeneity determined primarily by differences in the amino acid sequence of the various IgG subclasses and by the composition of the complex, Fc-associated biantennary N-linked glycan. These structural determinants regulate the conformational flexibility of the IgG Fc domain and affect its capacity to interact with distinct types of FcγRs (type I or type II FcγRs). FcγR engagement activates diverse downstream immunomodulatory pathways with pleiotropic functional consequences including cytotoxicity and phagocytosis of IgG-coated targets, differentiation and activation of antigen presenting cells, modulation of T-cell activation, plasma cell survival, and regulation of antibody responses. These functions highlight the importance of FcγR-mediated pathways in the modulation of adaptive immune responses and suggest a central role for IgG-FcγR interactions during active and passive immunization.
Postdischarge Communication Between Home Health Nurses and Physicians: Measurement, Quality, and Outcomes

Objectives To use natural language processing (NLP) of text from electronic medical records (EMRs) to identify failed communication attempts between home health nurses and physicians, to identify predictors of communication failure, and to assess the association between communication failure and hospital readmission. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Visiting Nurse Service of New York (VNSNY), the nation's largest freestanding home health agency. Participants Medicare beneficiaries with congestive heart failure who received home health care from VNSNY after hospital discharge in 2008–09 (N = 5,698). Measurements Patient-level measures of communication failure and risk-adjusted 30-day all-cause readmission. Results Identification of failed communication attempts using NLP had high external validity (kappa = 0.850, P < .001). A mean of 8% of communication attempts failed per episode of home care; failure rates were higher for black patients and lower for patients from higher median income ZIP codes. The association between communication failure and readmission was not significant with adjustment for patient, nurse, physician, and hospital factors. Conclusion NLP of EMRs can be used to identify failed communication attempts between home health nurses and physicians, but other variables mostly explained the association between communication failure and readmission. Communication failures may contribute to readmissions in more-serious clinical situations, an association that this study may have been underpowered to detect.
L-Proline inhibition of glutamate release.

: The influence of 1 mm-l-proline on electrically stimulated release of endogenous glutamate from slices of rat frontal cortex was measured. One mm-l-proline approximates the in vitro concentration that inhibits glutamate-induced spreading depression. Also, this l-proline level has been reported to be present in brain after an intraperitoneal injection that induced amnesia in chicks. l-Proline but not d-proline exhibits an inhibitory effect on glutamate release, thus supporting the suggestion that this mechanism may play a role in memory retention and/or formation.
Draft genome sequence of Phomopsis longicolla isolate MSPL 10-6

Phomopsis longicolla is the primary cause of Phomopsis seed decay in soybean. This disease severely affects soybean seed quality by reducing seed viability and oil content, altering seed composition, and increasing frequencies of moldy and/or split beans. It is one of the most economically important soybean diseases. Here, we report the de novo assembled draft genome sequence of the P. longicolla isolate MSPL10-6, which was isolated from field-grown soybean seed in Mississippi, USA. This study represents the first reported genome sequence of a seedborne fungal pathogen in the Diaporthe-Phomopsis complex. The P. longicolla genome sequence will enable research into the genetic basis of fungal infection of soybean seed and provide information for the study of soybean-fungal interactions. The genome sequence will also be valuable for molecular genetic marker development, manipulation of pathogenicity-related genes and development of new control strategies for this pathogen.
Optical image segmentation using wavelet correlation

This research introduces an optical method of segmenting potential targets using wavelet analysis. An optical Harr wavelet is created using a magneto-optic spatial light modulator (MOSLM). Two methods of controlling wavelet dilation are explored: (1) an aperture positioned in front of a binary modulated MOSLM; (2) spatial filtering of a ternary modulated MOSLM. Segmentation is performed through Vander Lugt correlation of a binarized image with the optical wavelet. Frequency-plane masks for the correlation process are generated using thermal holography.
Multiple response surface methods in computer simulation

This paper reviews the application of multiple re sponse surfaces to multiple-variable optimization problems and describes how these techniques may be used in analyzing computer simulation experiments. An example with four response surfaces illustrates the method. In it a simulation of a tank duel is analyzed to determine the values of two independent (input) variables that will optimize four dependent (output) variables simultaneously. The problem examined is that of training battle-tank crews, and the optimization procedure used is based on the Geoffrion-Dyer interactive vector maximal algorithm.