cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variable temperature hall effect on p-Hg1−xCdxTe grown on CdTe and sapphire substrates by liquid phase epitaxy

Variable temperature Hall effect measurements have been made down to 9–10K on p-type Hg1−xCdxTe grown by liquid phase epitaxy on both CdTe and sapphire substrates. Carrier freeze-out was usually observed throughout the measured temperature range. For most samples, the hole mobility was well-behaved and exhibited a maximum at ˜ 35K. Values of acceptor ionization energy EA and donor concentration ND were estimated from the data, using a model assuming significant compensation, which provided a good fit to the low temperature data. In addition, values of ND were also estimated from an analysis of the low temperature mobility using the hole effective mass as a parameter to provide reasonable agreement between the ND values calculated from the Hall coefficient and mobility data. The measured carrier concentration is a result of close compensation between stoichiometric acceptors and donors, with ND usually in the low-1017 cm−3 range. Average values of EA for as-grown, undoped x = 0.32 layers on CdTe and sapphire substrates are 7.4 and 6.6 meV, respectively. An activation energy of 0.84 meV was determined for a Cu-doped x = 0.32 layer that was annealed in Hg vapor to reduce the number of Hg vacancies. The average EA for undoped Hg-annealed x = 0.22 layers on CdTe substrates is 2.35 meV. Layers with x = 0.32 grown on sapphire substrates have average carrier concentrations of 2.92 (σ = 0.54) × 1016 cm−3, compared with 4.64 (θ = 1.26) × 1016 cm−3 for the same composition layers grown on CdTe substrates.
Color doppler imaging of the central retinal artery in premature infants undergoing examination for retinopathy of prematurity.

Abstract Purpose: Recent attempts have been made to quantify blood flow velocity in the central retinal artery (CRA) of adults using color Doppler imaging (CDI). Although retinal vascular abnormalities are the hallmark of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), normal values have not been established for CRA blood flow velocity in premature infants. Methods: CDI of the CRA was successfully performed on 43 eyes in 22 infants (postconceptional ages 32 to 39 weeks) before the infants underwent examination for ROP. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity were recorded from at least 1 eye of each patient. Pourcelot's resistive index was then calculated for each eye studied. Results: Mean PSV for patients with no ROP (n = 6) was 7.2 ± 1.5 cm/s, whereas those with any degree of ROP excluding plus disease (n = 9) had a mean PSV of 8.9 ± 1.8 cm/s. Of the patients with ROP and plus disease (n = 7), the mean PSV was 7.0 ± 1.6 cm/s. There were no statistically significant differences among these 3 groups ( P = .08). Conclusions: CDI can be successfully performed on preterm infants and yields values lower than those previously reported in healthy adult subjects. PSV in the CRA may be higher in subjects with ROP in the absence of plus disease; however, further study is needed to determine whether these differences are significant. (J AAPOS 1999;3:194-8)
Magneto-optical studies of ultra-thin ferromagnetic films

Abstract Recent developments are reviewed in the general area of surface magnetic anisotropy of ultra-thin ferromagnetic films of 3d transition metals. The surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) is introduced as a probe of magnetic anisotropy effects in ultra-thin ferromagnetic films. SMOKE results from the author's laboratory are highlighted, including the study of the stabilization of vertical easy axes of magnetization in a variety of epitaxial Fe film systems.
Aggression in harlequin frogs: male-male competition and a possible conflict of interest between the sexes

Abstract Long-term field observations and experimental manipulations were made on a population of harlequin frogs, Atelopus varius , in Costa Rica to document seasonality of intra- and intersexual aggression, determine the function of aggression, and identify the factors that influence success in aggressive encounters. Both males and females defended portions of their home range and exhibited site fidelity. Males were more aggressive towards other males during the pre-breeding and breeding seasons, whereas females were more aggressive towards other females during the post-breeding season. For up to several months prior to oviposition, males attempted to amplex (clasp) females without courtship behaviour, while females chased males from their territories and attempted to dislodge males that amplexed them. In staged encounters the winner was usually the apparent resident, regardless of body size. Frogs from a high-density population were more aggressive than individuals from a low-density population. Subadult males were as aggressive and as likely to win encounters as adult males. The function of aggression seemed to be related to the bizarre reproductives behaviour observed in these frogs. There seemed to be male-male competition for mates, as the operational sex ratio strongly favoured males, oviposition was asynchronous, and amplexus lasted for at least several weeks. Female-female aggression may have been related to defence of foraging or shelter sites, but aggression towards males was likely to be an attempt to thwart unwanted amplexus.
Expanded application of in situ replacement for prosthetic graft infection.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome of an individualized treatment algorithm for prosthetic graft infection, including the application of in situ graft replacement, based on clinical presentation, extent of graft infection, and microbiology. Methods: There was a retrospective review (1991-2000) of 119 patients with 68 aortoiliofemoral or 51 extracavitary (infrainguinal, 19; axillofemoral, 16; femorofemoral, 16) prosthetic graft infections presenting more than 3 months (range, 3-136 months) after implantation/revision. The treatment algorithm consisted of graft excision with or without ex situ bypass grafts for patients presenting with sepsis or graft-enteric erosion, whereas in situ replacement (autogenous vein, rifampin-bonded polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]) was used in patients with less virulent gram-positive graft infection, in particular infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis . Outcomes (death, limb loss, recurrent infection) were correlated with treatment type and infecting organism. Results: In situ replacement was used in 52% of aortoiliofemoral (autogenous vein, 10; rifampin-bonded polyester, 6; PTFE, 9) and 80% of extracavitary (autogenous vein, 26; PTFE, 9; rifampin, 6) graft infections. Total graft excision with ex situ bypass was performed in 34 patients, including 21 patients with graft-enteric erosion/fistula, with a 21% operative mortality and 9% amputation rate. In situ graft replacement was used to treat 76 graft infections with a 30-day operative mortality rate of 4% and an amputation rate of 2%. Graft excision alone was performed in nine patients with one 30-day death. Gram-positive cocci were the prevalent infecting organisms of both intracavitary (59% of isolates) and extracavitary (76% of isolates) graft infections. S epidermidis was the infecting organism in 40% of patients, accounting for the expanded application of in situ prosthetic replacement using a rifampin-bonded polyester or PTFE prosthesis. During the mean follow-up interval of 26 months, recurrent graft infection developed in 3% (1 of 34) of patients after conventional treatment, 3% (1 of 36) patients after in situ vein replacement, and 10% (4 of 40) patients after in situ prosthetic graft replacement ( P >.05). Failure of in situ replacement procedures was the result of virulent and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Conclusions: In situ replacement was a safe and durable option in most (64%) patients presenting with prosthetic graft infection. In situ replacement with a rifampin-bonded graft was effective for S epidermidis graft infection, but when the entire prosthesis is involved with either a biofilm or invasive perigraft infection, in situ autogenous vein replacement is preferred. Virulent graft infections presenting with sepsis, anastomotic dehiscence, or graft enteric fistula should continue to be treated with total graft excision, and if feasible, staged ex situ bypass graft. (J Vasc Surg 2001;34:411-20.)
Sampling distribution for a class of estimators for nonregular linear processes

Abstract Let {Xt; t = 1, 2,…} be a linear process with a location parameter θ defined by Xt − θ = Σ0∞grZt−r where {Zt; t = 0, ±1,…} is a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables, with E∥Z1∥δ 0. If δ ⩾ 1 we assume further than E(Z1) = 0. Let η = δ if 0 θ ∧ n given by θ ∧ n = Σ 1 n c nt X t where c nt is of the form cnt = Σp = 0sβnptp for some s ⩾ 0. An attempt has been made to investigate the distributional properties of θ ∧ n in large samples for various choices of βnp (0 ⩽ p ⩽ s), s, and the distribution of Z1 under the constraints Σ0∞rkgr = 0, 0 ⩽ k ⩽ q where q in an arbitrary integer, 0 ⩽ q ⩽ s.
Experiments in Computer Control and Analysis of the AGS

The development, design and test of computer input/output devices and programing techniques suitable for use in accelerator analysis and control as well as criteria for the selection of computers acceptable for analysis and control work.
Recent Heavy Flavor Physics Results from Fixed Target Experiments

Abstract Recent results from fixed target experiments in the field of heavy quark flavors, as published or otherwise disseminated in the last year, are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on distilling the main conclusions from these results.
Irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase by pyridoxine (B6) analogues.

AbstractThree vitamin B6 analogues have been synthesized and tested as inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. The compounds are: 4′,5′-dichloro-, 4,5′-dibromo- and 4′, 5′-diiodo-pyridoxine. All three analogues inhibited the enzyme irreversibly. The kinetic data for the chloro- and bromo-analogues showed that a limiting rate of inhibition is approached as the inhibitor concentration is increased, which indicates that a reversible enzyme: inhibitor affinity complex is formed prior to the irreversible reaction. 4′,5′-Dibromo-pyridoxine exhibited a greater binding affinity (lower Ki) for thymidylate synthase than 4′,5′-dichloro-pyridoxine, and it also reacted faster to irreversibly inhibit the enzyme. The presence of the substrate dUMP (10μM) completely protected thymidylate synthase from inhibition. These data suggest that the halogenated vitamin B6 analogues are active site-directed inhitors of thymidylate synthase, which first bind reversibly to the catalytic site and then react irreversibly with the enzyme.
Attractiveness of an Aggregation Pheromone Lure and Chicken Droppings to Adults and Larvae of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The chemical cues by which lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) beetles find each other are still unknown. Laboratory two-choice pitfall bioassays were conducted to evaluate the attractiveness of synthetic aggregation pheromone lure to lesser mealworm adults and larvae. All components of this synthetic aggregation pheromone lure, including: (R)-(+)-limonene, (E)-beta-ocimene, (S)-(+)-linalool, (R)-(+)-daucene, and 2-nonanone were also tested singly. Chicken dropping volatile compounds and fresh chicken droppings (CD) were evaluated singly or in combination with the pheromone lure. In Arkansas, trapping experiments were conducted in different poultry houses with low, moderate, and high lesser mealworm populations to evaluate the attraction of pheromone lure. Laboratory two-choice pitfall bioassay was found to be a useful and convenient tool for evaluating the attractants before testing them in the poultry house. Greater attraction of adults and larvae to a dose of 20-30 microg pheromone lure was identified in laboratory two-choice pitfall bioassays. Adults and larvae were highly attractive to a combination of fresh CD and pheromone lure, whereas, a combination of chicken dropping volatile and pheromone lure was not significantly attractive. The low attraction of limonene and linalool in the laboratory two-choice pitfall bioassays suggest that either they are nonattractive or attractive only at a narrow range of concentrations. Higher numbers of lesser mealworm adults and larvae were found in traps treated with pheromone lure as compared with untreated controls in field experiments. Results indicate a potential for combining the pheromone lure with the attractive CD compounds to enhance trap efficacy.
Measurement of upper limb kinematics and joint angle patterns during deep brain stimulation for parkinson’s disease

Therapeutic benefits of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are well-documented. However, the mechanisms underlying motor improvement with DBS remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that STN-DBS-related improvements in voluntary arm movement kinematics are mediated by changes in the velocity and temporal sequencing of proximal joint angles. We evaluated a 56 year old male and 66 year old female with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease chronically implanted with bilateral STN-DBS. Patients performed a button press task while off medication in the DBS-on and DBS-off conditions. Movements of the upper limb were recorded using a 3D motion analysis system, and detailed kinematic measures were obtained for the arm and forearm. As expected, reaction and movement times were improved in the DBS-on compared to DBSoff condition. The two subjects differed with regards to the magnitude of their changes in peak linear velocity and peak angular velocities (shoulder flexion extension, shoulder abduction adduction and elbow flexion extension). Surprisingly, both PD patients increased the frequency with which they used a preferred sequence of shoulder and elbow joint activations when in the DBS-on condition. This preferred pattern was adopted with twice the frequency than in the DBS-off condition, and with increased frequency relative to a control group of 9 age-matched controls. These results suggest that STN-DBS may improve movement execution at the cost of flexibility in movement execution strategy.
NMR deuteron relaxation study of low-dimensional effects in molecular liquids in restricted geometries

The NMR study of the deuteron relaxation rates T1−1 and T1ϱ−1 of liquid nitrobenzene-d5 confined to porous silica glasses with small pore sizes reveals a logarithmic frequency dependence of the spectral densities for several decades of frequency, thus reflecting the two-dimensional character of molecular motions. In fact, the concept of reduced dimensionality allows one to explain the unique properties of the relaxation processes as well as their dependence on the pore size. The gradual transition from the predominantly two-dimensional logarithmic dependence of the relaxation rates on frequency to the three-dimensional bulk-like behavior with the increasing pore radius is observed. In addition, the experimental data both for nitrobenzene-d5 and cyclohexane-d12 confined to porous silica glasses and surface modified porous silica glasses allow us to discuss the relative role of geometrical confinement and the pore surface effects and, in particular, the applicability and limitations of the two-state fast-exchange model generally used to describe the dependence of the relaxation rate upon the pore radius.
TNF-α acts via p38 MAPK to stimulate expression of the ubiquitin ligase atrogin1/MAFbx in skeletal muscle

Atrogin1/MAFbx is an ubiquitin ligase that mediates muscle atrophy in a variety of catabolic states. We recently found that H2O2 stimulates atrogin1/MAFbx gene expression. Since the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulates both reactive oxygen production and general activity of the ubiquitin conjugating pathway, we hypothesized that TNF-alpha would also increase atrogin1/MAFbx gene expression. As with H2O2, we found that TNF-alpha exposure up-regulates atrogin1/MAFbx mRNA within 2 h in C2C12 myotubes. Intraperitoneal injection of TNF-alpha increased atrogin1/MAFbx mRNA in skeletal muscle of adult mice within 4 h. Exposing myotubes to either TNF-alpha or H2O2 also produced general activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): p38, ERK1/2, and JNK. The increase in atrogin1/MAFbx gene expression induced by TNF-alpha was not altered significantly by ERK inhibitor PD98059 or the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In contrast, atrogin1/MAFbx up-regulation and the associated increase in ubiquitin conjugating activity were both blunted by p38 inhibitors, either SB203580 or curcumin. These data suggest that TNF-alpha acts via p38 to increase atrogin1/MAFbx gene expression in skeletal muscle.
Audio-Visual Tools for Computer-Assisted Diagnosis of Cardiac Disorders

The process of interpreting heart sounds is restricted by human auditory limitations. Shortcomings such as insensitivity to frequency changes, slow responses to rapidly occurring changes in acoustic signals and an inability to discriminate the presence of soft pathological sounds are the source of inaccuracies and persist even with experience. This restricts both the practice and teaching of auscultation. In this paper we propose and evaluate a suite of presentation tools for computer-assisted auscultation. We explore the use of digital signal processing techniques to slow down heart sounds while preserving frequency content, differential enhancement across frequency scales to amplify pathological disease signatures, visualization of the signal to measure changes in signal energy across time and presentation of a representative prototypical signal for the patient.
Src is a major signaling component for CTGF induction by TGF-β1 in osteoblasts

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is induced by transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) where it acts as a downstream mediator of TGF-β1 induced matrix production in osteoblasts. We have shown the requirement of Src, Erk and Smad signaling for CTGF induction by TGF-β1 in osteoblasts, however the potential interaction among these signaling pathways remains undetermined. In this study we demonstrate that TGF-β1 activates Src kinase in ROS17/2.8 cells and that treatment with the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 prevents Src activation and CTGF induction by TGF-β1. Additionally, inhibiting Src activation prevented Erk activation, Smad 2 & 3 activation and nuclear translocation by TGF-β1, demonstrating that Src is an essential upstream signaling partner of both Erk and Smads in osteoblasts. MAPKs such as Erk can modulate the Smad pathway through directly mediating the phosphorylation of Smads or indirectly through activation/inactivation of required nuclear co-activators that mediate Smad DNA binding. When we treated cells with the Erk inhibitor, PD98059 it inhibited TGF-β1-induced CTGF protein expression but had no effect on Src activation, Smad activation or Smad nuclear translocation. However PD98059 impaired transcriptional complex formation on the Smad binding element (SBE) on the CTGF promoter, demonstrating that Erk activation was required for SBE transactivation. This data demonstrates that Src is an essential upstream signaling transducer of Erk and Smad signaling with respect to TGF-β1 in osteoblasts and that Smads and Erk function independently but are both essential for forming a transcriptionally active complex on the CTGF promoter in osteoblasts.
Interplay between EGR1 and SP1 is critical for 13-cis retinoic acid-mediated transcriptional repression of angiotensin type 1A receptor.

Recently, we have demonstrated that 13-cis retinoic acid (13cRA) downregulates rat angiotensin type 1A receptor (Agtr1a) gene transcription through a MAP kinase (ERK1/2)-dependent mechanism in rat liver epithelial and aortic smooth muscle cells. However, the exact mechanism remained unknown. In this study, we determined the signaling intermediates activated by ERK1/2 involved in 13cRA-mediated Agtr1a downregulation. Rat Agtr1a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) promoter construct containing a sequence -2541 and -1836 bp upstream of the start site demonstrated reduced CAT activity; this region possesses a specificity protein 1 (SP1) consensus sequence (5 0 -TGGGGCGGGGCGGGG-3 0 ). Mobility shift analysis using untreated nuclear extracts in the presence of mithramycin A suggests that the trans-acting factor binding to this cis-acting element is SP1. 13cRA significantly reduced specific binding without any change in SP1 protein expression. Studies showed that 13cRA treatment maximally phosphorylates ERK1/2 within 5‐10 min, which translocates to the nucleus, activating early growth response protein 1( Egr1) mRNA expression at 20 min followed by de novo protein synthesis, leading to an EGR1/SP1 interaction. siRNA silencing of Egr1 restored Agtr1a mRNA and protein expression in 13cRA-treated cells, and Sp1 silencing results in complete loss of Agtr1a expression. Our study suggests that 13cRA-mediated activation of ERK1/2, through EGR1, is capable of disrupting SP1, the requisite trans-activator for Agtr1a expression, providing a novel paradigm in Agtr1a gene transcription.
Socioeconomic status and health: youth development and neomaterialist and psychosocial mechanisms.

Abstract There is substantial debate in the field of epidemiology over the theoretical underpinnings of socioeconomic status (SES)–disease mechanisms in the developed world. In particular, it has been debated whether psychosocial mechanisms are important in understanding these relationships, compared with material influences. Within an interdisciplinary context, this review synthesizes the youth development and resilience literatures in examination of this hypothesis. This review provides evidence that both classes of mechanisms are critical to understanding and addressing SES–disease mechanisms over the lifecourse. Research findings demonstrating the effects of these classes of factors point to the complicated and dynamic nature of how SES may impact disease. In the epidemiologic literature, investigators predominantly consider the cumulative impact of biological insults over time. A developmental perspective, however, provides evidence of the importance of psychosocial influences early in life on socioeconomic and health trajectories over the lifecourse. Future epidemiologic research should consider cumulative and developmental influences of early adversity—both psychosocial and material—on later health. This perspective may be particularly relevant to appropriately evaluating the impact of selection and causation in research on SES and disease and will also hopefully provide clarity to this ongoing theoretical debate.
Reoperations After Failed Transaxillary First Rib Resection to Treat Paget-Schroetter Syndrome Patients

Background. A series of 15 patients previously treated for Paget-Schroetter syndrome with a transaxillary first rib resection (TARR) were seen with recurrent thrombosis. Methods. Ten were reoperated using an anterior subclavicular approach. The time of reoperation ranged from 5 months to 7 years (mean, 23.4 months). All patients had been subjected to multiple balloon plasties and 4 of them in addition had up to 3 stents implanted, which also failed. Reevaluation was done with venography. Ten patients were considered to be still salvageable and were reoperated, but 5 were inoperable due to progressive obliteration of the venous channel as early as 2 weeks after TARR. Results. All 10 patients had successful reestablishment of the subclavian vein patency and caliber and have remained patent without anticoagulants. Conclusions. The patients who re-thrombose or remain obstructed after TARR should be reoperated instead of resourcing to implanting stents or multiple balloon plasties that invariably fail, and patients should not be kept on anticoagulation indefinitely hoping to maintain the vein open.
Lisinopril therapy for hemodialysis hypertension: hemodynamic and endocrine responses.

To evaluate the antihypertensive effects of lisinopril, a renally excreted angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, we assessed supervised administration of the drug after hemodialysis (HD) three times weekly. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed by interdialytic 44-hour ambulatory BP (ABP) monitoring, and endocrine responses were assessed by plasma renin activity (PRA) before and after dialysis. Lisinopril dose was titrated at biweekly intervals. If this was not effective after full titration (lisinopril to 40 mg three times weekly), ultrafiltration was added to reduce dry weight. The primary outcome variable was change in BP from the end of the run-in period to the end of the study. No change in mean ABP was noted during run-in. However, mean 44-hour ABP decreased from 149 +/- 14 (SD)/84 +/- 9 to 127 +/- 16/73 +/- 9 mm Hg, a decrease of 22/11 mm Hg (P /=135 mm Hg) and 1 patient had diastolic hypertension (>/=85 mm Hg) at the final visit. Four patients were administered 10 mg of lisinopril; 5 patients, 20 mg; and 2 patients, 40 mg; only 1 of these patients required ultrafiltration therapy. There was a persistent antihypertensive effect over 44 hours. BP reduction was achieved without an increase in intradialytic symptomatic or asymptomatic hypotensive episodes. PRA increased in response to dialysis, as well as lisinopril. In conclusion, supervised lisinopril therapy is effective in controlling hypertension in chronic HD patients. This may be related to blockade of angiotensin II generation by kidneys despite the loss of excretory function.
Collaboration: An Alternative Value and its Implications for Health Education:

It is the purpose of this paper to define health as a value, to give the value a specific content and meaning and to discuss the implications of the definition of health for the field of health education. The goal of good health cannot be achieved in societies that live by either the value of competition or collectivism. An alternative value, collaboration, can lead to healthful behavior. Collaboration is defined as involving consciousness, choice, commitment and caring. Health educators who are committed to this value tend to share a social ecological perspective. This perspective requires that they help people challenge health damaging conditions and provide opportunities for them to work toward health promoting activities.
Isolation and Identification of Trehalase from Pullularia pullulans

Trehalase has been isolated from Pullularia pullulans. The enzyme, which is specific for trehalose, was purified approximately 800-fold. The optimal pH was found to be 4.0 and the Michaelis dissociation constant, Km, was determined to be 3.2 × 10−3m.
International Collaborative Case Research

Why dont you say no if you mean no? How can we discuss the central issues of a case if not everyone understands what is meant by issues? How can I lead if I dont know where Im going? The author faced these questions, and many more, while exploring collaborative case research opportunities in other countries. This personal and professional journey taught her that the prospect of increasing global awareness for her students and herself is enticing. Another lesson learned is that the opportunities to appear to be an insensitive, cultural illiterate are abundant. This paper focuses on the benefits and challenges of collaborative case research across national boundaries. Illustrations of cultural miscues and misunderstandings are given. Cultural consciousness structure differences are explored. Insights and rewards gained through international experience are highlighted.
A globally and R-linearly convergent hybrid HS and PRP method and its inexact version with applications ⁄

We present a hybrid HS- and PRP-type conjugate gradient method for smooth optimization that converges globally and R-linearly for general functions. We also introduce its inexact version for problems of this kind in which gradients or values of the functions are unknown or difficult to compute. Moreover, we apply the inexact method to solve a nonsmooth convex optimization problem by converting it into a one-time continuously differentiable function by the method of Moreau–Yosida regularization.
Dynamic MRI Using SmooThness Regularization on Manifolds (SToRM)

We introduce a novel algorithm to recover real time dynamic MR images from highly under-sampled ${\rm k}$ - $ {\rm t}$ space measurements. The proposed scheme models the images in the dynamic dataset as points on a smooth, low dimensional manifold in high dimensional space. We propose to exploit the non-linear and non-local redundancies in the dataset by posing its recovery as a manifold smoothness regularized optimization problem. A navigator acquisition scheme is used to determine the structure of the manifold, or equivalently the associated graph Laplacian matrix. The estimated Laplacian matrix is used to recover the dataset from undersampled measurements. The utility of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparisons with state of the art methods in multi-slice real-time cardiac and speech imaging applications.
The Behavior of Super-Articulated Mechanisms Subject to Periodic Forcing

Super-articulated mechanisms with symmetries are studied. It is shown that averaging may be applied to capture nonholonomic effects produced by subjecting the systems of interest to high-frequency periodic forcing. Using a Hamiltonian representation for the forced system, it is shown that the result of averaging is another Hamiltonian system having a certain Hermitian structure. Because the averaged systems are Hamiltonian, conserved quantities may be used to describe the qualitative dynamics.
Coolies, Shopkeepers, Pioneers: The Chinese of Mexico and Peru (1849–1930)

(1989). Coolies, Shopkeepers, Pioneers: The Chinese of Mexico and Peru (1849–1930) Amerasia Journal: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 91-116.
Anemia of renal failure: Use of Erythropoietin

Chronic renal failure is almost invariably accompanied by symptomatic anemia. It has been demonstrated that the primary cause of this anemia is inadequate production of erythropoietin by the diseased kidneys. The isolation of erythropoietin, followed by the cloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene, made possible clinical trials of rHuEPO in uremic patients. rHuEPO produced dramatic increases in the hematocrit in almost all patients treated and also ameliorated many symptoms, such as lethargy, dizziness, and poor appetite, that had long been attributed to the effect of uremic toxins. Adverse effects of treatment with rHuEPO noted in the early clinical trials included hypertension, seizures, arteriovenous fistula or shunt thrombosis, and hyperkalemia. Further study of rHuEPO has shown that many of these side effects may be no more frequent in patients receiving rHuEPO than in other uremic patients not receiving rHuEPO. Reduction of the rHuEPO dosage and subcutaneous administration produce less rapid increases in the hematocrit and may lessen the incidence and severity of these side effects. rHuEPO therapy places great demands on both the body's iron stores and the capacity to rapidly transfer iron from storage sites to the erythroid progenitor cells. Thus, almost all patients treated with rHuEPO become iron deficient and require oral or parenteral iron replacement. Response to rHuEPO in uremic patients is diminished if the anemia is complicated by iron deficiency, inflammatory disorders, aluminum overload, or deficiency of folate or vitamin B12. rHuEPO therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure. The use of rHuEPO leads to enhanced quality of life and eliminates the need for red cell transfusions. In addition to hemodialysis patients, predialysis patients and those on CAPD benefit from and are candidates for rHuEPO therapy.
Erosion of fibers from installed fibrous-glass ducts.

A field study of installed fibrous-glass duct systems which had been in service for some time at six different sites was undertaken as a follow- up of a study of new fibrous-glass materials which had been tested in accordance with specification by the Underwriter’s Laboratories, inc. As was the case with the earlier test, air samples collected at the outlets of the installed duct systems showed no evidence of the erosion of fibers. Dust which had settled on superstructures or which had been removed by wiping walls near the sampling sites generally contained some glass fibers. The presence of glass fibers in these dusts is attributed to dust which had accumulated over several years or more from many possible sources.
Ascetic Protestantism and capitalism

This is a review essay of the volume of the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe which contains the version of Die protestantische Ethik und der “Geist” des Kapitalismus that was published in the Archiv fur Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik in 1904-1905. This volume also contains the major criticisms of Weber’s work and his replies. In addition, it includes some of his other writings from 1904 to 1911 as well as Ernst Troeltsch’s lecture on natural law which he gave at the first conference of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Soziologie in 1910. Together, these writings provide a relatively complete view of Weber’s ideas concerning ascetic Protestantism and the rise of modern capitalism.
Median arcuate ligament syndrome in athletes

Background Exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP) is a common entity in young athletes. Most occurrences are due to a “cramp” or “stitch,” but an uncommon, and often overlooked, etiology of ETAP is median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS). The initial presentation of MALS typically includes postprandial nausea, bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, but in athletes, the initial presentation may be ETAP.
Criteria for detecting ischemic myocardial hypoxia from lactate and pyruvate data during atrial pacing in humans.

Abstract We compared the utility of different expressions of lactate and pyruvate data as indicators of myocardial hypoxia. Their utility was judged by their relative effectiveness in distinguishing 90 patients with ischemic coronary disease from 16 patients without coronary disease. To provoke myocardial hypoxia, heart rate was increased by atrial pacing. There was no significant difference between the expressions: coronary a-va lactate, coronary venous lactate/pyruvate ratio, or "excess lactate" as indicators of myocardial hypoxia. Coronary a-v lactate, however, was a less effective expression. Marked tachycardia increased coronary venous blood P O 2 in patients with or without ischemic coronary disease.
Austrian Economic Malaise: Soviet-American Cold War over Austria, 1946/7

The Cold War broke into the open early in Austria as the result of Soviet economic depredations in their zone of occupation and the hardening of the American response during 1946/7. Flush with the success of the Red Army against Hitler’s Third Reich, the Soviet Union stayed on the offensive and built an “empire by coercion”, adding security zones all along its extended periphery. As a response, the United States overcame its isolationist instincts and embarked on containing Soviet expansionism. The outbreak of the Cold War in Europe is best understood as a game of tit-for-tat between Soviet pressure, probing Western weaknesses along its peripheries, and Western responses, containing perceived Soviet aggression.
Family Communication and the Power of Questions

Good communication is the staple of a happy, healthy family. Chapter 8 reviews literature on family communication, effective communication techniques (including reflective listening), and a review of solution-focused communication approaches. The use of powerful questions and how asking a series of questions can help the client clarify or discover something new, provide a new insight, or evoke a clearer vision.
Introduction to Microring Resonators: Applications in Optical Signal Processing and Ultrabroadband Microwave Photonics

Selected applications of optical microresonators are reviewed, with an emphasis on examples from Purdue University, including radio-frequency and optical arbitrary waveform generation, optical nonreciprocity, and generation of optical frequency combs.
Patient Work as a Maturing Approach Within HF/E Moving Beyond Traditional Self-Management Applications

Over the last five years, human factors and ergonomics (HF/E) applications in healthcare have expanded beyond the institution to encompass the homes and communities of patients. The patient work ap...
Coupled plasmonic waveguides: Near field transducers for HAMR

This paper presents a design for a near field transducer for heat assisted magnetic recording that utilizes evanescent coupling between a dielectric waveguide and a metallic “needle” of uniform triagular cross-section. This design allows for complete coupling of power from an illuminating single mode dielectric waveguide into the plasmonic mode of the metallic needle. Coupling from the plasmonic waveguide into the medium is computed to be localized (40 nm FWHM) with 2.5% efficiency inside the FWHM (8% overall). A single mode dielectric waveguide illumination structure like that needed for the needle's functioning is demonstrated using a curved focusing grating and a thin film waveguide. Illumination efficiencies of better than 5% are shown with room for the required increases.
Distributed Intermittent Connectivity Control of Mobile Robot Networks

In this paper we develop an intermittent communication framework for teams of mobile robots. Robots move along the edges of a mobility graph and communicate only when they meet at the vertices of this graph, giving rise to a dynamic communication network. We design distributed controllers for the robots that determine meeting times at the nodes of the mobility graph so that connectivity of the communication network is ensured over time, infinitely often. We show that this requirement can be captured by a global Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula that forces robots to meet infinitely often at the meeting points. To generate motion plans that satisfy the LTL expression, we propose a novel technique that approximately decomposes the global LTL formula into local LTL formulas and assigns them to the robots. Since the approximate decomposition of the LTL formula can result in conflicting robot behaviors, we develop a distributed conflict resolution scheme that generates conflict-free motion plans that satisfy the global LTL expression. By appropriately introducing delays in the execution of the generated motion plans we show that the proposed controllers can be executed asynchronously.
Adaptive parameter estimation of cardiovascular signals using sequential Bayesian techniques

Parameter estimation of biological signals such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) is of key clinical significance and can be used to monitor cardiac health and diagnose heart diseases. However, statistical ECG models with unknown parameters depend upon a priori parameters such as mean cardiac frequency and user-specified parameters such as the number of harmonics in the ECG model. These parameters can vary from patient to patient and with different disease stages. In this paper, we propose a sequential Bayesian tracking method to adaptively select the best cardiac parameters in order to minimize the parameter estimation error. Our results using real ECG data demonstrate the importance of the adaptive algorithm for selecting cardiac parameters at each time instant and show how these parameters can be used to classify different types of ECG signals.
The Strategy and Utility of the Endophenotype Approach to Neurobehavioral Function

Like many complex traits, the genetic architecture of mental illness is expected to be extremely complex with a number of biological pathways involved, multiple genetic variants contributing to variation in each pathway, and interaction among genes and with the environment. After defining the concept of endophenotype and introducing its potential utility in the field of psychiatry, this chapter reviews the shortcomings of other types of research methodologies that have been employed in psychiatry, due in part to their near-exclusive focus on dichotomous diagnoses, and discuss how the heterogeneity of symptomatology, subclinical symptoms in unaffected individuals, and similarities of disease domains across diagnoses have contributed to the failure to identify novel therapeutic targets. The chapter then reviews the advantages of an endophenotype-based approach in detail, positing that endophenotypes are considered more closely related to the root of the disorder, that case–control studies lack statistical power, and that quantitative traits enhance statistical power. Most psychiatric disorders appear to be continuous in nature with a liability-threshold model overlaid for the purposes of diagnosis. A dichotomous diagnostic approach, which may be appropriate for determining the need for treatment, is insufficient for describing disease liability in genetic research. Finally, the chapter describes the endophenotype research design, including how neurocognitive endophenotypes should be adjudicated, and describes studies of endophenotypes in randomly ascertained samples and the influence of gene-based endophenotypes on nosology. The use of endophenotypes, which capitalizes on the similarities of disease domains shared across diagnostic categories and of traits shared with subjects who are not ill, increases power to identify causative factors. Because endophenotypes are continuous traits, the issues of heterogeneity of symptoms, subclinical forms, and dichotomization do not apply. The authors conclude that the endophenotype approach provides a means for identifying quantitative traits that are correlated with disease liability such that they can be used to improve understanding of the biological, pathological, and etiological underpinnings of disease.
The feline skin microbiota: The bacteria inhabiting the skin of healthy and allergic cats.

Background The skin is inhabited by a multitude of microorganisms. An imbalance of these microorganisms is associated with disease, however, the causal relationship between skin microbiota and disease remains unknown. To describe the cutaneous bacterial microbiota of cats and determine whether bacterial dysbiosis occurs on the skin of allergic cats, the skin surfaces on various regions of 11 healthy cats and 10 allergic cats were sampled. Methodology/Principal findings Genomic DNA was extracted from skin swabs and sequenced using primers that target the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA. The bacterial sequences from healthy cats revealed that there are differences in species diversity and richness between body sites and different epithelial surfaces. Bacterial communities preferred body site niches in the healthy cats, however, the bacterial communities on allergic cat skin tended to be more unique to the individual cat. Overall, the number of bacterial species was not significantly different between the two health status groups, however, the abundances of these bacterial species were different between healthy and allergic skin. Staphylococcus, in addition to other taxa, was more abundant on allergic skin. Conclusions/Significance This study reveals that there are more bacterial species inhabiting the skin of cats than previously thought and provide some evidence of an association between dysbiosis and skin disease.
Constrained Time-Critical Routing For Multiple Mobile Agents

In this paper, we introduce Time-Constrained Vehicle Routing Problem (TCVRP), a variation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with time constraints. We formulate the problem as Integer Linear Programming with the two objectives: minimizing the number of agents used in routing, and minimizing the time spent in routing. We propose an efficient heuristic using a combination of A* Search and Ruin and Recreate algorithms to solve TCVRP Finally, We conduct an experimental evaluation of the proposed heuristic and provide the performance results.
Singular Perturbation Modeling of Nonlinear Processes with Non Explicit Time-Scale Separation

Abstract This work addresses the problem of singular perturbation modeling of two-time-scale chemical processes described by nonlinear ODEs that involve large parameters of the form 1/e. Initially, a result derived in (Kumar et al., 1995) is reviewed that provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and the explicit form of a coordinate change, which is independent of e and transforms the two-time-scale process to a standard singularly perturbed form where the separation of fast and slow modes is explicit. Whenever these conditions are not satisfied, it is established that the state-space region in which the system exhibits a two-time-scale property depends on the value of e and an e-dependent coordinate change, singular at e = 0, has to be employed to obtain a standard singularly perturbed form of the system. The significance of the proposed singular perturbation modeling framework in the design of well-conditioned controllers that account for the two-time-scale behavior, is demonstrated on a chemical reactor which exhibits a slightly non-minimum phase behavior.
iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals pathways associated with re-establishing desiccation tolerance in germinating seeds of Caragana korshinskii Kom.

Abstract Mature seeds of Caragana korshinskii Kom. lose desiccation tolerance (DT) during germination. However, DT can be re-induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) or abscisic acid (ABA), and this provides a novel system to analyse the mechanism of DT. Although the global gene expression during the re-establishment of DT treated by PEG or ABA has been characterized, the changes in protein species abundance are still unknown. Here, we used an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics approach to perform a comparative analysis of protein abundances in germinated seeds of PEG-treated, ABA-treated and untreated radicles in response to the re-establishment of DT. A total of 3009 proteins were quantified; compared with the untreated samples, 274 and 261 differentially abundant protein species were found in PEG- and ABA-treated samples, respectively. The observed protein abundance patterns showed a clear overlap in seeds with ABA-and PEG-induced re-establishment of DT. During the re-establishment of DT, the expression of auxin-repressed protein and metallothionien-like protein was induced, and the content of proline increased significantly; however, proteins related to cell proliferation were found to be expressed at lower levels, and the glycolytic pathway was partially inhibited. These results provide promising insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the re-establishment of DT in germinated seeds. Biological significance The major challenge for seed storage is the complexity of the tolerance to desiccation. Re-establishment of desiccation tolerance (DT) in germinating seed as a model was used for DT researching. Although several researches have been focusing on the transcriptome of DT re-establishment, little proteomic information remained to be available. In the present study, the iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was employed to identify the differentially accumulated protein species from radicles of germinating C. korshinskii seedling after ABA-, PEG- treatment or not. The data obtained not only provides basic information about proteome, but also characterize the quantitative changes that occur in the abundance of proteins species during DT re-establishment. These results are helpful understanding the mechanism of DT re-establishment induced by PEG or ABA.