cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidence of adhesions at repeat cesarean delivery.

Objective To compare the incidence and severity of adhesions at repeat cesarean delivery based on the closure at primary section. Study Design A retrospective chart review was conducted for 62 cases of repeat cesarean sections. A score was assigned based on the severity of adhesions. The primary operative report was reviewed, and the closure type recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with a t test, χ 2 , and ANOVA. Results Forty-nine and eight-tenths percent of cases had extensive adhesions. Closure of the peritoneal or rectus abdominis muscle resulted in significantly fewer extensive adhesions than nonclosure (31.2% vs 70.0%; P = .013). The mean adhesion score for the nonclosure group was 2.67, compared with 1.91 for the parietal peritoneal closure group ( P = .044) and 1.73 for the rectus muscle group ( P = .009), where 1 is no adhesions and 4 is the most severe). Conclusion Closure of the rectus muscle or the parietal peritoneum at primary section resulted in significantly fewer adhesions at repeat cesarean delivery.
Problem Restructuring in Negotiation

To achieve movement towards a negotiated settlement, it is often necessary to restructure the problem under negotiation. Problem restructuring can lead to changed perception of the issues by the parties, thus breaking deadlocks and increasing the parties' willingness to compromise. We present a framework and mechanisms for problem restructuring based on the goals and goal relationships of the negotiating parties as well as means of manipulating the parties' utility estimates. In addition, previous negotiations are a source of heuristic advice in the restructuring task. The restructuring approach has been implemented in the PERSUADER, a computer program that acts as a labor mediator in labor management disputes. To achieve its task, the PERSUADER negotiates separately with each party, company and union, to guide them in reaching agreement.
Comment---Recall, Recognition and the Dimensionality of Memory for Print Advertisements: An Interpretative Reappraisal

Bagozzi and Silk Bagozzi, R. P., A. J. Silk. 1983. Recall, recognition and the measurement of memory for print advertisements. Marketing Sci.2 95--134., B&S hereafter, report the results of LISREL analyses of the covariance structure of aggregate recognition and recall data collected 30 years ago by the Advertising Research Foundation 1956 in a study of Printed Advertising Rating Methods PARM. The authors conclude that “memory is multidimensional.” Several conceptual and methodological issues, however, cloud the interpretation of their results.
The modeling of electric-current-assisted sintering to produce bulk nanocrystalline tungsten

Nanocrystalline tungsten has the potential to have superior strength and hardness properties versus conventional tungsten. While tungsten nanopowders are becoming more commonly available, processing through conventional press and sinter techniques induce unacceptable grain growth. As an alternative, electric-current-assisted sintering (commercially known as SPS or PPC) allows extremely high heating rates (>1,000°C/min.) to be achieved which accelerates the consolidation process and preserves the nanocrystalline structure of the material. The high heating rates can, however, lead to non-uniform density and compromised properties. This work employs numerical simulations of the process as a means to understand and reduce these gradients and optimize the process.
New Genetic Discoveries and Primary Immune Deficiencies

The field of immunology has undergone recent discoveries of genetic causes for many primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD). The ever-expanding knowledge has led to increased understanding behind the pathophysiology of these diseases. Since these diseases are rare, the patients are frequently misdiagnosed early in the presentation of their illnesses. The identification of new genes has increased our opportunities for recognizing and making the diagnosis in patients with PIDD before they succumb to infections that may result secondary to their PIDD. Some mutations lead to a variety of presentations of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The myriad and ever-growing genetic mutations which lead to SCID phenotypes have been identified in recent years. Other mutations associated with some genetic syndromes have associated immunodeficiency and are important for making the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency in patients with some syndromes, who may otherwise be missed within the larger context of their syndromes. A variety of mutations also lead to increased susceptibility to infections due to particular organisms. These patterns of infections due to specific organisms are important keys in properly identifying the part of the immune system which is affected in these patients. This review will discuss recent genetic discoveries that enhance our understanding of these complex diseases.
Reassessing the orbitals of pi systems using photoinduced Ryberg ionization spectroscopy

Abstract The molecular orbital energy ordering of most molecules has been established primarily by comparing non-vibrationally-resolved photoelectron spectra with electronic structure calculations. The advent of techniques involving the use of Rydberg states has now allowed the aquisition of vibrationally resolved cationic spectra from vibrationally selected lower states and thus enabled the unambiguous assignment of cation states. The technique of photoinduced Rydberg ionization (PIRI) spectroscopy enables electronic spectroscopy to proceed from various vibrational levels of the ground state of the cation. From this method, data is presented on various substituted benzenes (phenol, fluorobenzene, and chlorobenzene), as well as butadiene. For the substituted benzenes, in each case the analysis of the B state produced results at variance with previous work. In the case of phenol, it was found that the molecule is non-planar, while for the halobenzenes the orbital ordering had to be altered. The PIRI method thus provides a revised picture of some molecular pi systems.
Tectonic History and Gondwanan Geopolitics in the Larsemann Hills, Antarctica

At the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, an Indian delegate proposed a new research base located within an environmental protection area, because it is where India and Antarctica were connected on the 125-million-year-old continent of Gondwana. How did this claim come to be successful for the Indian Antarctic Program? In the production of documents within international governing bodies, policy makers enroll allies, emphasizing particular aspects of their plans to members of diverse epistemic communities. Instead of trying to make nationally oriented ideas work through uniform procedural rules, international policy makers reshape the contours of acceptable policy-making procedure and the political possibilities of international governance.
Oncogene cooperation in tumor maintenance and tumor recurrence in mouse mammary tumors induced by Myc and mutant Kras

Most, if not all, cancers are composed of cells in which more than one gene has a cancer-promoting mutation. Although recent evidence has shown the benefits of therapies targeting a single mutant protein, little attention has been given to situations in which experimental tumors are induced by multiple cooperating oncogenes. Using combinations of doxycycline-inducible and constitutive Myc and mutant Kras transgenes expressed in mouse mammary glands, we show that tumors induced by the cooperative actions of two oncogenes remain dependent on the activity of a single oncogene. Deinduction of either oncogene individually, or both oncogenes simultaneously, led to partial or complete tumor regression. Prolonged remission followed deinduction of KrasG12D in the context of continued Myc expression, deinduction of a MYC transgene with continued expression of mutant Kras produced modest effects on life extension, whereas simultaneous deinduction of both MYC and KrasG12D transgenes further improved survival. Disease relapse after deinduction of both oncogenes was associated with reactivation of both oncogenic transgenes in all recurrent tumors, often in conjunction with secondary somatic mutations in the tetracycline transactivator transgene, MMTV-rtTA, rendering gene expression doxycycline-independent. These results demonstrate that tumor viability is maintained by each gene in a combination of oncogenes and that targeted approaches will also benefit from combination therapies.
La endarterectomía carotídea urgente es segura en pacientes con escasa comorbilidad

Recientes publicaciones de series unicas han confirmado la eficacia de la endarterectomia carotidea (EAC) efectuada en un contexto de urgencia, aunque con una mortalidad y morbilidad perioperatorias altas. Determinamos los resultados de la EAC efectuada con caracter de urgencia en hospitales docentes y no docentes, y analizamos si factores relacionados con el paciente o el hospital afectaban al resultado. Se revisaron las historias clinicas de los pacientes sometidos a EAC en todos los hospitales no federales del estado de Connecticut entre 1992 y 2002, y se compararon los pacientes sintomaticos que se presentaron en un contexto urgente con los tratados electivamente. Para determinar el efecto de los factores de riesgo del paciente sobre la mortalidad, ictus y complicaciones cardiacas perioperatorios se uso una regresion logistica multivariable. En pacientes sometidos a EAC urgente (n = 764, 6,3%) se observo una mayor mortalidad perioperatoria (2,0% comparado con 0,3%, p odds ratio [OR] = 4,6, p = 0,01). El ictus perioperatorio se asocio con insuficiencia renal (OR = 5,3, p = 0,04). Las complicaciones cardiacas perioperatorias se asociaron con diabetes (OR = 2,6, p = 0,03) y la realizacion del procedimiento en hospitales con una capacidad reducida de camas (OR = 5,0, p
Incorporating the survivin promoter in an infectivity enhanced CRAd-analysis of oncolysis and anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo

Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) represent a promising new modality for the treatment of cancer. A key contribution in this regard was the introduction of tumor-selective viral replication for amplification of the initial inoculum. Specifically, following cellular infection, the virus replicates selectively in the infected tumor cells and kills the cells by cytolysis. Next, the progeny virions infect surrounding target cells, replicate and eradicate the infected tumor cells, leaving normal cells unaffected. However, to date there have been two limitations to clinical application of these CRAd agents; i.e., both infectivity and tumor specificity are poor. Survivin protein is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, which plays an important role in the survival of cancer cells and progression of malignancies. Previous data have shown the survivin promoter has high activities in multiple cancer cells with a low activity in mouse liver. In this study, we propose an improved CRAd agent to circumvent the obstacles. We constructed a novel CRAd agent, CRAd-Survivin-RGD, which contains both the survivin promoter (either the short version, S-S, or the long version, S-L) to selectively drive E1 gene expression in tumor cells and a capsid modification and RGD4C to specifically enhance the tumor infectivity of CRAd agents. Both CRAd agents (S-S and S-L) showed high replication rates in the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-361, and low promoter activity in both normal mouse and human liver, thus signifying the CRAd agents have the phenotype of 'tumor on/liver off'. In cytocidal experiments, the CRAd agents demonstrated a high cytocidal effect on multiple cancer cell lines, including the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231; the glioma cell line, D65, the melanoma cell line, MEL-28; and mesothelioma, Meso2374. The results also showed the tumor growth was dramatically inhibited by intertumoral administration of the CRAd agents in a breast cancer (MDA-MB-361) xenograft animal model. These data clearly demonstrate that CRAd-Survivin-RGD is a potential novel therapeutic agent for treatment in many, but not all, human cancers.
SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE P450 CYTOCHROMES

Abstract Currently, the major recognized biochemical functions of members of the large superfamily of P450 hemoproteins (referred to commonly as the cytochromes P450) include catalyses of the monooxygenations of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous lipophilic chemicals. Substrates that have attracted the greatest attention thus far are steroids, fatty acids, eicosanoids, retinoids, other endogenous lipids, therapeutic agents, pesticides/herbicides, chemical carcinogens, industrial chemicals and other environmental contaminants and toxic xenobiotic organics of low molecular weight. Commonly, monooxygenation of such substrates results in the generation of metabolites capable of producing biological effects that are profoundly different (qualitatively as well as quantitatively) from those elicitable by the parent chemical per se. P450XIX-dependent conversion of testosterone to estradiol-17β provides a dramatic example. Thus, these hemoproteins serve as extremely important but, as yet, largely unpredictable regulators of the biological effects producible by endobiotics as well as by xenobiotics. Current focus is on the identification and acquisition of sequence information on hereto unidentified and/or uncharacterized P450 isoforms and ascertainment of the specific functions of specific, individual isoforms. The regulation of quantities and activities of such isoforms in specific species/tissues, understandably, is also of great current interest. This interest has been further intensified by recent results indicating that substrate specificity associated with one P450 may not be the same as the corresponding isoform derived from a different animal species. Recent technological advances promise to greatly hasten the acquisition of knowledge concerning the functions of the these important hemoproteins.
Frontal ventricular dimensions of the brain in infants and children.

• Four hundred computerized tomographic scans of the brain in infants and children from birth to 15 years of age were reviewed. Of these, 142 were judged to exhibit normal ventricular dimensions as determined by the biventricular (V/H) index, the length of a line drawn between the heads of the caudate nuclei (V) relative to the width of the cerebral hemispheres (H) at the same level. When all scans were analyzed collectively, the V/H index followed a Gaussian distribution (mean,.11 ±.03 [SD]; range,.00 to.20). The index did not increase with advancing age within the pediatric population (0 to 15 years), as it does in adults.
Studies of methyl methacrylate‐methyl α‐chloroacrylate, copolymers and poly(methyl α‐chloroactylate) as electron sensitive positive resists

Poly(methyl α-chloroacrylate) (PMCA) and the copolymers of methyl methacrylate and methyl α-chloroacrylate (poly(MMA-co-MCA)) have been reported recently to be more susceptible to radiation degradation than poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In this paper we report our studies of PMCA and poly(MMA-co-MCA) as electron-sensitive positive resists. It has been found that both PMCA and the copolymers are more sensitive than PMMA. Using mixtures of dimethylformamide and 2-propanol as developers, the sensitivities of PMCA and poly(MMA-co-MCA) (38 mole percent MCA) have been found to be 1 × 10−5 and 6 × 10−6 coulomb/cm2, respectively. It has also been found that crosslinking predominates in PMCA when the electron dose exceeds 6 × 10−4 coulomb/cm2.
Finding the optimal solution to the Huff based competitive location model

In this paper we solve the gravity (Huff) model for the competitive facility location problem. We show that the generalized Weiszfeld procedure converges to a local maximum or a saddle point. We also devise a global optimization procedure that finds the optimal solution within a given accuracy. This procedure is very efficient and finds the optimal solution for 10,000 demand points in less than six minutes of computer time. We also experimented with the generalized Weiszfeld algorithm on the same set of randomly generated problems. We repeated the algorithm from 1,000 different starting solutions and the optimum was obtained at least 17 times for all problems.
A numerical method for computing domains of attraction for dynamical systems

The backward mapping approach for computation of global domains of attraction of asymptotically stable non-critical equilibrium points of dynamical systems is presented. A basis for the proposed approach is an extension of Lyapunov's direct method due to LaSalle and Lefschetz. An iterative process that converges to the global domain of attraction of an asymptotically stable equilibrium point is formulated. The method applies to both continuous time and discrete time multidimensional systems. It is shown that the backward mapping approach proposed by C. S. Hsu for spiral equilibrium points of second order discrete time systems is a particular case of the algorithm presented here. The proposed method can be used for autonomous systems as well as for systems with periodic coefficients. When applied to discrete time formulation of dynamical systems, the method can be used to determine the regions of stability of periodic solutions. The paper concludes with a number of illustrative examples that demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
A mathematical model of a cloud

The model under consideration is a pencil of radiation incident on a cloud, and the problem is to determine the reflection and transmitted radiation. Based on the method of ‘principle of invariance’, three mathematical models are constructed. The first is the basic model, which describes the radiation system completely. The second is the flux integral model, in which the integral average intensity is considered. The third is the diffusion model, which gives the most important information about the diffused radiation field.
Analyses of two end-user software vulnerability exposure metrics (extended version)

Abstract Understanding the exposure risk of software vulnerabilities is an important part of the software ecosystem. Reliable software vulnerability metrics allow end-users to make informed decisions regarding the risk posed by the choice of one software package versus another. In this article, we develop and analyze two new security metrics: median active vulnerabilities (MAV) and vulnerability free days (VFD). Both metrics take into account both the rate of vulnerability discovery and the rate at which vendors produce corresponding patches. We examine how our metrics are computed from publicly available data sets and then demonstrate their use in a case study with various vendors and products. Finally, we discuss the use of the metrics by various software stakeholders and how end-users can benefit from their use.
Well-being of families with healthy and technology-assisted infants in the home: a comparative study.

This descriptive, correlation study was guided by the Double ABCX Model of Family Adjustment and Adaptation. The purpose was to explore the relationships between stressors/strains, coping, and well-being of families with healthy and technology-assisted infants. A total of 172 families participated in the study (Healthy: n=87; Technology-assisted: n=85). The families completed a demographic instrument, Family Inventory of Life Events; Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale; and Family Well-Being Assessment Scale. Increased stressors/strains were related to decreased family well-being. There were significant differences between families with healthy and technology-assisted infants. Families with technology-assisted infants experienced more stressors/strains and lower well-being than families with healthy infants. However, level of coping for both groups was high; there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to family coping.
Facile preparation of the β-cyclodextrinyl aldehyde

Abstract This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of the 1° - side β-Cyclodextrinyl Monoaldehyde in two steps from β-cyclodextrin.
Factors for Improved Genetic Counseling for Retinoblastoma Based on a Survey of 55 Families

Of 55 families in which one or more patients with retinoblastoma were treated, five of these families involved more than one patient. The remaining 50 were sporadic cases. Two of the five familial cases involved collateral inheritance and three involved direct inheritance. Factors important for genetic counseling included the time of onset of first symptoms, the age of the father, the occurrence of a second primary tumor, unilateral vs bilateral involvement, and the cytogenetic analysis of the patient's chromosomes. Additionally, mutational mosaicism was considered as a cause for sporadic cases of retinoblastoma. Use of the risk figures derived from this study should provide more precise genetic counseling for parents, siblings, and patients with retinoblastoma.
Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of methyl naloxonium chloride on heroin self-administration in the rat

Abstract A quaternary derivative of naloxone, methyl naloxonium chloride (MN), was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to rats trained to self-administer heroin intravenously. MN produce a dose-dependent (0.5–4.0 μg) increase in responding for heroin. Since MN is unlikely to reach the peripheral circulation in these doses, these results were viewed as strongly supporting the hypothesis that central opiate receptors are solely responsible for mediating the reinforcing properties of heroin during self-administration. In addition, the present study suggests that intracerebral MN injections may prove to be a useful technique in the search for central substrates of heroin reward.
Formation of Y-Ti-O nanoclusters in nanostructured ferritic alloys : A first-principles study

Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to study the atomic scale energies, structures, and formation mechanisms of dissolved Y, Ti, and O solutes and small Y-Ti-O nanoclusters (NCs) in a bcc Fe lattice. Key results include the following observations. The Y and O are dissolved during mechanical alloying of ${\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$ with metal powders by ball milling, which provides the large requisite solution energy of about 4 eV per yttria atom. The solution energies of substitutional Y as well as interstitial O, which are referenced to elemental Y and solid FeO, respectively, are also high. Bound O-O, Y-O, and Ti-O pairs decrease the system energy relative to the isolated solutes and constitute the basic building blocks for NCs. The lowest energy configuration for a ${\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{TiO}}_{3}$ NC is 5.11 eV less than the total energy of the dissolved solutes. Our DFT calculations show that Y-Ti-O NC formation can take place without the energetic assistance of pre-existing vacancies. This conclusion is significant since excess vacancies are not a persistent thermodynamic-energetic constituent of the Fe-Y-Ti-O system and will quickly annihilate at dislocations during high-temperature powder consolidation.
Expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7 in prostate cancer presenting with generalized lymphadenopathy: Report of a case, review of the literature, and analysis of chemokine receptor expression

Abstract Purpose Generalized lymphadenopathy is a rare presentation of prostate cancer. We report a case and review reported cases in the literature. Because of the association of chemokine receptor expression with specific metastatic patterns, we tested for expression of chemokine receptors known to mediate migration to lymph nodes. Methods We performed a MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) database search for case reports during the last 32 years using “prostate cancer,” “lymphadenopathy,” “metastatic to lymph nodes,” and “mimicking lymphoma” as keywords. Expression of the CXCR4 and CCR7 chemokine receptors was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Laser capture microdissection and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for CXCR4 were used to exclude nonspecific binding. Results Of 153 patients with prostate cancer presenting with lymphadenopathy (LAD) described in the literature, 67 (44%) presented with supraclavicular adenopathy, 29 (19%) retroperitoneal, 22 (14%) mediastinal, 15 (10%) cervical, 9 (6%) inguinal, and 2 (1%) axillary LAD. Only 9 patients presenting with generalized LAD have been previously reported. Monoclonal antibodies to CCR7 showed intense staining in the patient’s tumor epithelium. Little or no staining was observed for CXCR4. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for chemokine receptors on ribonucleic acid (RNA) recovered from the patient’s sample failed to express messenger RNA for CXCR4 but did express messenger RNA for CCR1, CCR4, and CCR5. Conclusions Prostate cancer may present on rare occasions with generalized adenopathy. Variable expression of chemokine receptors may be associated with organ specific patterns of metastasis. In this case, expression of CCR7 may have accounted for the unusual predilection of this patient’s prostate cancer for lymph nodes.
Aspiration pneumonia: a review of modern trends

Abstract Purpose The purpose was to describe aspiration pneumonia in the context of other lung infections and aspiration syndromes and to distinguish between the main scenarios commonly implied when the terms aspiration or aspiration pneumonia are used. Finally, we aim to summarize current evidence surrounding the diagnosis, microbiology, treatment, risks, and prevention of aspiration pneumonia. Materials and methods Medline was searched from inception to November 2013. All descriptive or experimental studies that added to the understanding of aspiration pneumonia were reviewed. All studies that provided insight into the clinical aspiration syndromes, historical context, diagnosis, microbiology, risk factors, prevention, and treatment were summarized within the text. Results Despite the original teaching, aspiration pneumonia is difficult to distinguish from other pneumonia syndromes. The microbiology of pneumonia after a macroaspiration has changed over the last 60 years from an anaerobic infection to one of aerobic and nosocomial bacteria. Successful antibiotic therapy has been achieved with several antibiotics. Various risks for aspiration have been described leading to several proposed preventative measures. Conclusions Aspiration pneumonia is a disease with a distinct pathophysiology. In the modern era, aspiration pneumonia is rarely solely an anaerobic infection. Antibiotic treatment is largely dependent on the clinical scenario. Several measures may help prevent aspiration pneumonia.
Temperature dependence of temporal resolution in an insect nervous system

The vast majority of animals are poikilotherms, and thus face the problem that the temperature of their nervous systems rather smoothly follows the temperature changes imposed by their environment. Since basic properties of nerve cells, e.g., the time constants of ion channels, strongly depend on temperature, a temperature shift likely affects the processing of the temporal structure of sensory stimuli. This can be critical in acoustic communication systems in which time patterns of signals are decisive for recognition by the receiver. We investigated the temperature dependence of the responses of locust auditory receptors and interneurons by varying the temperature of the experimental animals during intracellular recordings. The resolution of fast amplitude modulations of acoustic signals was determined in a gap detection paradigm. In auditory receptors and local (second order) interneurons, temporal resolution was improved at higher temperatures. This gain could be attributed to a higher precision of spike timing. In a third-order neuron, a rise in temperature affected the interactions of inhibition and excitation in a complex manner, also resulting in a better resolution of gaps in the millisecond range.
PREDICTIVE MODELING OF MACHINING PERFORMANCE IN TURNING OPERATIONS

ABSTRACT Recent definitions of machining performance have been based on technological machining performance measures such as cutting forces, tool-life/tool-wear, chip-form/chip breakability, surface roughness, etc. However, modeling work on these performance measures has so far been characterized by isolated treatment of each of these measures. The modeling approach followed by the machining research group at the University of Kentucky aims for an integrated predictive modeling methodology for the major technological machining performance measures. Extensive use of analytical, experimental, numerical, and Al-based approaches is made in the development of these predictive models. This paper presents the outline of this modeling effort and reports the progress made to date in implementing it.
GLYCOGEN SYNTHETASE IN THE RABBIT TONGUE AND UTERUS.

UDPG-glycogen synthetase was studied in the uterus of ovariectomized and ovariectomized-hormone treated rabbits and in the tongue. Following the biochemical technic of Leloir and Goldenberg it was not possible to demonstrate the enzyme in the uterus of the ovariectomized or ovariectomized treated animals. However, in the tongue the enzyme was present. The data from this study along with previous histochemical studies indicates that the glycogen in the uterine muscle is not synthesized through the UPDG pathway, but is synthesized from G-1-P by the action of phosphorylase. Since UDPG-glycogen synthetase can be demonstrated in the tongue a difference seems to exist in glycogen synthesis between the smooth muscle of the uterus and skeletal muscle of the tongue.
Sub-diffraction light propagation in fibres with anisotropic dielectric cores

We present a detailed study of light propagation in waveguides with anisotropic metamaterial cores. We demonstrate that in contrast to conventional optical fibres, our structures support free-space-like propagating modes even when the waveguide radius is much smaller than the wavelength. We develop analytical formalism to describe mode structure and propagation in strongly anisotropic systems and study the effects related to waveguide boundaries and material composition.
Analysis of Induction and Establishment of Dwarf Bunt of Wheat Under Marginal Climatic Conditions

Dwarf bunt caused by Tilletia contraversa is a disease of winter wheat that has a limited geographic distribution due to specific winter climate requirements. The pathogen is listed as a quarantine organism by several countries that may have wheat production areas with inadequate or marginal climate for the disease-in particular the People's Republic of China. Field experiments were conducted in the United States in an area of Kansas that is a climatic analog to the northern winter wheat areas of China to evaluate the risk of disease introduction into such areas. The soil surface of four replicate 2.8 × 9.75 m plots, planted with a highly susceptible cultivar, was inoculated with six teliospore concentrations ranging from 0.88 to 88,400 teliospores/cm2. A single initial inoculation was done in each of three nurseries planted during separate seasons followed by examination for disease for 4 to 6 years afterward. Any diseased spikes produced were crushed and returned to the plots where they were produced. One nursery had no disease during all six seasons. In two nurseries, the disease was induced at trace levels at the three highest inoculation rates. Disease carryover to the second year occurred during one year in one nursery in plots at the highest inoculation rate, but no disease occurred the following three seasons. A duplicate nursery planted in a disease conducive area in Utah demonstrated that the highest rate of inoculum used in the experiments was sufficient to cause almost 100% infection. This study demonstrated that in an area with marginal climatic conditions it was possible to induce transient trace levels of dwarf bunt, but the disease was not established even with a highly susceptible cultivar and high levels of inoculum. Our results support the conclusions of the 1999 Agreement on U.S.-China Agricultural Cooperation which set a tolerance for teliospores in grain, and supports the Risk Assessment Model for Importation of United States Milling Wheat Containing T. contraversa.
In vivo assembly of rhodopsin from expressed polypeptide fragments.

Abstract Rhodopsin folding and assembly were investigated by expression of five bovine opsin gene fragments separated at points corresponding to proteolytic cleavage sites in the second or third cytoplasmic regions. The CH(1-146) and CH(147-348) gene fragments encode amino acids 1-146 and 147-348 of opsin, while the TH(1-240) and TH(241-348) gene fragments encode amino acids 1-240 and 241-348, respectively. Another gene fragment, CT(147-240), encodes amino acids 147-240. All five opsin polypeptide fragments were stably produced upon expression of the corresponding gene fragments in COS-1 cells. The singly expressed polypeptide fragments failed to form a chromophore with 11-cis-retinal, whereas coexpression of two or three complementary fragments [CH(1-146) + CH(147-348), TH(1-240) + TH(241-348), or CH(1-146) + CT(147-240) + TH(241-348)] formed pigments with spectral properties similar to wild-type rhodopsin. The NH2-terminal polypeptide in these rhodopsins showed a glycosylation pattern characteristic of wild-type COS-1 cell rhodopsin and was noncovalently associated with its complementary fragment(s). Further, the CH(1-146) + CH(147-348) rhodopsin showed substantial light-dependent activation of transducin. We conclude that the functional assembly of rhodopsin is mediated by the association of at least three protein-folding domains.
Integral abutment bridge response under thermal loading

Abstract This paper presents a parametric study and approximate integral abutment bridge (IAB) response prediction models. IABs are complex structures due to the nonlinearity and uncertainties in bridge materials and soil boundaries. Current design specifications and guides do not provide clearly defined analysis methods; therefore, there is a need for easily implemented preliminary analysis and accurate two-dimensional (2D) analysis methods. Based on a calibrated, nonlinear, 2D numerical modeling methodology including backfill–abutment interaction, soil–pile interaction and critical construction joints, a parametric study of 243 analysis cases was performed, consistent with the AASHTO 75-year bridge life. Analyses were performed under thermal load and gradient, and backfill pressure with time-dependent effects of concrete creep and shrinkage and prestressing steel relaxation included. The parametric study considered five parameters: (1) thermal expansion coefficient, (2) bridge length, (3) backfill height, (4) backfill stiffness, and (5) pile soil stiffness. Each of the five parameters was evaluated at three distinct magnitudes to cover the normal range of bridge construction. The parametric study revealed that the thermal expansion coefficient, bridge length and pile soil stiffness significantly influence the IAB response as measured by: (1) girder axial force, (2) girder bending moment, (3) pile lateral force, (4) pile bending moment, and (5) pile head/abutment displacement. The influences of backfill height and backfill stiffness are not relatively significant. The study results provide practical, preliminary estimates of the bridge response and ranges for preliminary IAB design and analysis.
Computations of profiles of low-energy electron diffraction beams for arrays of ordered islands

Abstract In an attempt to determine the influence of the presence of adjacent islands on LEED beam profiles, an excluded area model has been proposed to describe the relative positions of ordered islands on a crystal surface. On the basis of this model, overlayers of different island density have been created on a finite lattice using a simple computer algorithm. The LEED from these overlayers has been calculated kinematically. Although the placement of the islands is not random, this does not perturb the LEED beam profile observably. Therefore, the kinematically diffracted intensity depends solely on the distribution of island sizes. Using this result, the intensity and half-width as functions of coverage have been calculated for one model of island growth.
The Continuous Galerkin Method Is Locally Conservative

We examine the conservation law structure of the continuous Galerkin method. We employ the scalar, advection?diffusion equation as a model problem for this purpose, but our results are quite general and apply to time-dependent, nonlinear systems as well. In addition to global conservation laws, we establish local conservation laws which pertain to subdomains consisting of a union of elements as well as individual elements. These results are somewhat surprising and contradict the widely held opinion that the continuous Galerkin method is not locally conservative.
Marine microbial diversity: The tip of the iceberg

New techniques for evaluating the biological diversity of naturally occurring microbial assemblages combine nucleic-acid-sequencing techniques with molecular-phylogenetic analysis. These molecular techniques avoid many of the selective biases inherent in traditional cultivation-based surveys and provide a universal criterion for identifying and relating diverse microbial species. Application of the molecular approach in marine environments has revealed the existence of unique and previously unrecognized microorganisms. These are providing fresh insight into the ecology, evolution and biotechnological potential of the largely untapped resource represented by the marine microbial world.
Blindness enhances tactile acuity and haptic 3-D shape discrimination

This study compared the sensory and perceptual abilities of the blind and sighted. The 32 participants were required to perform two tasks: tactile grating orientation discrimination (to determine tactile acuity) and haptic three-dimensional (3-D) shape discrimination. The results indicated that the blind outperformed their sighted counterparts (individually matched for both age and sex) on both tactile tasks. The improvements in tactile acuity that accompanied blindness occurred for all blind groups (congenital, early, and late). However, the improvements in haptic 3-D shape discrimination only occurred for the early-onset and late-onset blindness groups; the performance of the congenitally blind was no better than that of the sighted controls. The results of the present study demonstrate that blindness does lead to an enhancement of tactile abilities, but they also suggest that early visual experience may play a role in facilitating haptic 3-D shape discrimination.
Positrons from Light Nuclei

Four nuclei of the type discussed by Wigner, containing one more proton than neutron, have been produced. The nuclei, their half-lives and positron energies are: ${\mathrm{P}}^{29}$, 4.6 seconds, 3.63 Mev; ${S}^{31}$, 3.2 seconds, 3.85 Mev; ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{33}$, 2.4 seconds, 4.13 Mev; and ${\mathrm{A}}^{35}$, 2.2 seconds, 4.38 Mev. These energies are in excellent agreement with the calculated values and indicate that (1) the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ force is equal to the $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}$ force plus the Coulomb repulsion, (2) the nuclear volumes are proportional to the atomic weights, and (3) the nuclear charge is distributed uniformly through the volume. The half-life-energy relation is in good agreement with the Fermi theory. Deviations are in the direction anticipated by the Gamow-Teller modification.
A Program of Research on Behavioral Marital Therapy: Hot Spots and Smoldering Embers in Marital Therapy Research

This research program overview elaborates the conceptual and empirical development of our program of behavioral marital therapy (BMT). The article outlines the refinement of our procedures, our search for the `active ingredients' of BMrs successes, our brush with cognitive therapy (leading to our doubts that the two therapies could be integrated) and our most recent examinations of the behavioral/contextual philosophical roots of BMT. Our attempts to improve BMT have moved us closer to general relationship themes, such as the nature of intimacy, and have identified not only new sparks of interest but also other themes perhaps best left to smolder into embers.
Heavy meson pair production in polarized e + e - annihilation

Abstract We study the exclusive production of heavy mesons in polarized e+e− annihilations using a perturbative QCD calculation. We discuss the significance of polarized beams in isolating electroweak effects at high energies, and calculate the left-right asymmetry and forward-backward asymmetry for different collider energies.
Origin of the Blue-Aleurone Gene in Sebesta Blue Wheat Genetic Stocks and a Protocol for Its Use in Apomixis Screening

Tracing the pedigree of the blue aleurone locus in the Sebesta Blue wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic stocks has proven difficult. There is limited information on the original intergeneric crosses that moved the blue-aleurone trait from Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z.W. Liu & R.-C. Wang into wheat. Blue Baart, an unregistered genetic stock developed at the University of California-Davis, was the direct parental source for the blue-aleurone trait in Sebesta Blue. Its wheat pedigree is unclear because of the introgressing, bulk population technique by which it was developed from the original intergeneric wheat × Thinopyrum cross. In situ probing with total genomic DNA in the spring and winter Sebesta Blue lines showed a 4EL Thinopyrum translocation and numerous unidentified chromosomal rearrangements in the two winter lines. A protocol is presented for use of the Sebesta Blue genetic stocks for apomixis studies.
The Impact of Airports on U.S. Urban Employment Distribution

This paper assesses the influence of airports on the distribution of employment within 51 large U.S. metropolitan areas by placing that influence within the context of three important elements of urban spatial structure: centers, corridors, and clusters plus the “favored quarter.” Tract-level Census Transportation Planning Package data for 2000 are analyzed using spatial regression models for each metropolitan area. The resulting airport-anchored distance decay parameters for each metropolitan area are regressed on a series of factors which could explain variation among regions. Central cities have a varying, but generally strong, effect on the distribution of metropolitan employment, as do highways. Employment subcenters and favored quarters had less certain but generally theoretically consistent impacts. The impact of airports on the distribution of metropolitan employment was weaker and more variable among regions. The impact of airports on spatial structure was negatively correlated with that of central cities, suggesting a trade-off between central and airport cities.
L’évolution darwinienne d’un système génétique non conventionnel met en évidence un ancêtre potentiel de l’ARN

m/s n° 8-9, vol. 28, aout-septembre 2012 DOI : 10.1051/medsci/2012288013 8. Giese K, Kingsley C, Kirshner JR, Grosschedl R. Assembly and function of a TCR alpha enhancer complex is dependent on LEF-1-induced DNA bending and multiple protein-protein interactions. Genes Dev 1995 ; 9 : 995-1008. 9. Dadi S, Le Noir S, Payet-Bornet D, et al. TLX Homeodomain oncogenes mediate T cell maturation arrest in T-ALL via interaction with ETS1 and suppression of TCR gene expression. Cancer Cell 2012 ; 21 : 563-76. 10. Ji Y, Resch W, Corbett, E, et al. The in vivo pattern of binding of RAG1 and RAG2 to antigen receptor loci. Cell 2010 ; 141 : 419-31. 2. Ferrando A, Neuberg D, Dodge RK, et al. Adult T-cell ALL patients whose lymphoblasts express the HOX11 oncogene have an excellent prognosis when treated with chemotherapy and are not candidates for allogeneic bone marrow transplantaton in first remission. Blood 2004 ; 100 : 154a. 3. Pui CH, Robison LL, Look AT. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 2008 ; 371 : 1030-43. 4. Aifantis I, Raetz E, Buonamici S. Molecular pathogenesis of T-cell leukaemia and lymphoma. Nat Rev Immunol 2008 ; 8 : 380-90. 5. Argiropoulos B, Humphries RK. Hox genes in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Oncogene 2007 ; 26 : 6766-76. 6. Asnafi V, Beldjord K, Libura M, et al. Age-related phenotypic and oncogenic differences in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias may reflect thymic atrophy. Blood 2004 ; 104 : 4173-80. 7. Dik WA, Pike-Overzet K, Weerkamp F, et al. New insights on human T cell development by quantitative T cell receptor gene rearrangement studies and gene expression profiling. J Exp Med 2005 ; 201 : 1715-23. des perspectives originales de therapie ciblee differenciante dans un modele original d’hemopathie lymphoide. ◊ Deciphering functional activity of TLX homeodomain oncogenes in T-ALL: a clue for a differentiating therapy?
The clinical spectrum of actinic elastosis

A plethora of literature promoting our understanding of the differences between intrinsic (chronologic) aging versus extrinsic aging of the skin has been published during the last two decades. The predominant extrinsic factor is UV radiation; the functional, histologic, and clinical consequences are referred to as photoaging, or dermatoheliosis. Actinic elastosis refers specifically to the degenerative histologic alterations seen by light microscopy in sun-damaged skin. Multiple factors, including anatomic site, extent of sun exposure, and other physical or environmental factors affect the clinical appearance of these changes. We review the clinical spectrum of the actinic elastotic variants.
NOTORIOUS SUBJECTS, INVISIBLE CITIZENS: NORTH CAUCASIAN RESISTANCE TO THE TURKISH NATIONAL MOVEMENT IN NORTHWESTERN ANATOLIA, 1919–23

For contemporary Istanbulites, a trip south, across the Sea of Marmara, poses nothing exceptional or treacherous. The southern shore is often a day-trip destination for those seeking to relax or sightsee in the port towns of Yalova or Canakkale. The Marmara's southern coast is also a stop on the road to warmer, more comfortable climes farther south, such as the holiday resorts of Kusadasi or Foca. The region stands in sharp contrast to the farthest reaches of eastern Anatolia, such as Van, Diyarbakir, or Mardin, where an insurgency by Kurdish guerrillas continues to claim lives.