cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional clinical pathway program effects on patient outcomes in the setting of neutropenic fever: An integrative review

Abstract Purpose Neutropenic fever (NF) is an oncologic emergency linked to substantial healthcare costs, treatment delays, and increased patient mortality. Clinical pathways have emerged as a coordinated, interprofessional approach to NF management. The aim of this review was to examine the research question: What is the effect of an interprofessional clinical pathway program on outcomes (time-to-antibiotic, mortality, cost, readmissions and length of stay) in patients presenting with NF? Methods Using the integrative review method of Whittemore and Knafl, the databases PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus were searched for articles published in English between 1997 to present that met the following criteria: (1) reported clinical pathway implementation, and (2) reported outcome data on patients 18 years or older who were diagnosed with NF. Results Of the 17 included articles, 13 demonstrated improvement in reducing time-to-antibiotic following clinical pathway implementation. Three studies reported a reduction in mortality and two studies reported no change in patient mortality after NF clinical pathway integration. One study demonstrated a reduction in hospital readmissions, while three studies showed improvement in length of stay. None of the included studies reported data on cost reduction. Half of the articles articulated the different members of the interprofessional teams. Conclusion The implementation of interprofessional clinical pathway programs for NF had positive effects on patient outcomes in this review. Measuring patient and institutional outcomes is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of interprofessional clinical pathways in NF care. Future research should incorporate these measurements to improve the development and implementation of NF clinical pathways.
Minimax Mixing Time of the Metropolis-Adjusted Langevin Algorithm for Log-Concave Sampling

We study the mixing time of the Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm (MALA) for sampling from a log-smooth and strongly log-concave distribution. We establish its optimal minimax mixing time under a warm start. Our main contribution is two-fold. First, for a $d$-dimensional log-concave density with condition number $\kappa$, we show that MALA with a warm start mixes in $\tilde O(\kappa \sqrt{d})$ iterations up to logarithmic factors. This improves upon the previous work on the dependency of either the condition number $\kappa$ or the dimension $d$. Our proof relies on comparing the leapfrog integrator with the continuous Hamiltonian dynamics, where we establish a new concentration bound for the acceptance rate. Second, we prove a spectral gap based mixing time lower bound for reversible MCMC algorithms on general state spaces. We apply this lower bound result to construct a hard distribution for which MALA requires at least $\tilde \Omega (\kappa \sqrt{d})$ steps to mix. The lower bound for MALA matches our upper bound in terms of condition number and dimension. Finally, numerical experiments are included to validate our theoretical results.
Rheumatic Nodules Wanted

In the course of tissue culture studies on the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever, we are in need of rheumatic nodules which have recently formed in the course of rheumatic carditis. These structures have become rare due to the recent decrease in the prevalence and severity of acute rheumatic fever and the widespread use of steroids. The nodule should be situated on the extremities, be readily accessible to biopsy, and, preferably, be just in the process of forming, although nodules of any age would be welcome.
State bankruptcy laws and the responsiveness of credit card demand

Abstract The responsiveness of credit demand to interest rate changes may vary widely by state due to differences in state bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Bankruptcy exemptions and other state laws insulate borrowers against negative consequences from non-repayment, and so lenient regulations may lead to decreased responsiveness to interest rate increases. Lenient laws also decrease creditors’ incentive to lend, and a resulting decrease in loan options will reinforce the inelasticity of credit demand. This paper presents a model that predicts (1) that credit demand is less responsive in states with borrower-friendly, lenient bankruptcy and insolvency laws, and (2) the effects of state laws on demand elasticity will be strongest among borrowers facing credit constraints. Using market experiment data from a large credit card issuer, this paper presents evidence that supports the hypothesis that demand responsiveness and insolvency law leniency are negatively related. Borrowers are more likely to continue using a card in states with lenient exemption and garnishment laws. Borrowers who take up less attractive offers are more likely to be credit constrained; among these borrowers, the impact of exemption laws is much stronger than among the unconstrained group.
Marijuana use and risk of prediabetes and diabetes by middle adulthood: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Aims/hypothesis The impact of marijuana use on metabolic health is largely unknown. This study sought to clarify the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported marijuana use, and prediabetes (defined as fasting glucose 5.6–6.9 mmol/l, 2 h glucose post OGTT 7.8–11.0 mmol/l or HbA1c 5.7–6.4% [39–47 mmol/mol]) and diabetes.
MANOVA, LDA, and FA criteria in clusters parameter estimation

AbstractMultivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) apply such well-known criteria as the Wilks’ lambda, Lawley–Hotelling trace, and Pillai’s trace test for checking quality of the solutions. The current paper suggests using these criteria for building objectives for finding clusters parameters because optimizing such objectives corresponds to the best distinguishing between the clusters. Relation to Joreskog’s classification for factor analysis (FA) techniques is also considered. The problem can be reduced to the multinomial parameterization, and solution can be found in a nonlinear optimization procedure which yields the estimates for the cluster centers and sizes. This approach for clustering works with data compressed into covariance matrix so can be especially useful for big data.
Monitoring for and preventing the long-term sequelae of bariatric surgery

Purpose: To present a case study of a patient with multiple comorbid diseases who undergoes bariatric surgery. Data sources: Recent clinical and research articles, bariatric professional society guidelines, and government sources were culled to provide recommendations for the care of the person who chooses bariatric surgery as the treatment for the comorbid conditions of obesity, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: As surgical management of obesity becomes more prevalent in an attempt to improve health-related quality of life, reduce mortality, and address the comorbidities that are prevalent in this population, nurse practitioners (NPs) need to understand what long-term management these patients will require. Implications for practice: NPs are primary care providers for patients with chronic diseases. It is likely that they will make referrals for this surgery and follow the patient after the procedure at some point. Knowledge of what the procedures involve, what changes to expect in the comorbid conditions, and what long-term monitoring and treatment should take place in the care of these patients will provide these patients with optimal care.
Interracial Interactions: A Relational Approach

The term social interaction conjures up images that involve at least two people. These two people are likely to have beliefs about one another, beliefs about how the other person views them, and beliefs about the interaction. Moreover, these beliefs are likely to influence both individuals' experiences during the interaction. Although interconnectedness of this type has been pursued in examinations of interpersonal interactions (e.g., Baldwin, 1992; Darley & Fazio, 1980), research on interracial interactions has tended to adopt a more individualistic approach. Similar to interpersonal interactions, individuals' experiences in interracial interactions are often shaped by the beliefs individuals have about one another and their beliefs about how they will be perceived by their interaction partners. In this chapter we examine interracial interactions from a perspective that highlights the interconnectedness that is often at the core of interpersonal interactions between members of different racial groups. This perspective highlights that there are two people involved in dyadic interracial interactions and these two people influence each other's outcomes and experiences.
Modeling the fringe capacitance of multilevel VLSI interconnects

Summary form only given. An analytical model for the fringing capacitance is described based on the work of C.-D. Yuan and T. Trick (IEEE Electron Device Lett. vol. EDL-3, p.391-3, 1982) that closely approximates the electric-field configuration at the edges of the line. The author extends this previous work by including in the model the effect of crossing wiring levels and adjacent lines. The model is based on the physics of electric field and therefore is not limited to a specific interconnect technology. It has been used to determine the extent of fringing in various configuration and the point at which adjacent lines modify the fringing capacitance. The equations in the model for the fringing capacitance are not complex and are well suited for interactive CAD applications. Comparison of the results of the analytical model to numerical simulations has shown good agreement over a broad range of dimensions, typically within 15% for separations to crossing levels and adjacent lines down to 1.0 mu m. >
Natural selection before the Origin : Public reactions of some naturalists to the Darwin-Wallace papers (Thomas Boyd, Arthur Hussey, and Henry Baker Tristram)

La theorie de C. Darwin et Wallace (A.R.) sur la selection naturelle des especes a revolutionne les concepts de l'histoire des sciences et a suscite des reactions de quelques naturalistes britanniques
AS CONTRADIÇÕES DA “SOCIEDADE PUNITIVA”: O CASO BRITÂNICO

O autor procura mostrar, examinando o caso britânico, como as politicas penais atuais sao dilaceradas por duas tendencias contraditorias: de um lado, a percepcao da necessidade de enfrentar a criminalidade como um aspecto constitutivo e inexpurgavel da vida social contemporânea, o que resulta numa “criminologia do eu”, do criminoso como agente racional a nossa imagem e semelhanca, e aponta para uma “administracao” desse fato social normal; e, de outro, a negacao histerica dessa realidade, o que resulta numa “criminologia do outro”, do criminoso como monstro, e que aponta para um recuo a estrategias de combate ao crime mais primitivas e de eficacia meramente simbolica.
Balancing Rapid Treatment Goals with Thorough Laboratory Evaluation in Alteplase Candidates: A Review of a Stroke Center’s Current Practices and Outcomes (P4.221)

OBJECTIVE: As part of performance improvement measures in our institution, we assessed how long it takes to obtain laboratory data for alteplase (TPA) candidates. We also evaluated when we can safely perform TPA administration before obtaining all laboratory data in patients at low risk for hematologic abnormalities. Results will be used to improve current practice in our institution. BACKGROUND: Earlier administration of alteplase leads to better clinical outcomes. The standard inclusion/exclusion criteria for TPA therapy are based upon the NINDS trial. However, data collection may delay TPA initiation. More information is needed to determine if and when it is safe to administer TPA before all laboratory results return. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective view of all emergency department alteplase recipients over 12 months was performed for times of arrival, TPA initiation, and laboratory reporting. In addition, we reviewed all imaging results for hemorrhage conversion. RESULTS: A total of 86 charts were reviewed. The average door-to-result time is 73.1 minutes for coagulation panels and 52.0 minutes for platelet counts. The average door-to-needle time was 58.6 minutes in the 53% of cases treated without full results, compared to 82.4 minutes in the 47% of cases with full results. There was no significant difference in lab abnormalities or hemorrhagic conversion between the two groups. Two patients with laboratory abnormalities developed asymptomatic hemorrhages, but the results were obtained prior to TPA administration. CONCLUSIONS: While it is standard practice in many centers to await coagulation results, the uncertain benefits of this delay should be weighed against the known benefit of prompt thrombolysis. Our review suggests that administering TPA prior to obtaining results in low-risk patients shortened time to treatment without increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. We propose establishing point-of-care PT/INR testing for TPA candidates in the emergency department to eliminate both unnecessary delay and risk. Disclosure: Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Volpi has nothing to disclose.
Normativismo continental y su contraparte británico. ¿Qué tan diferentes son?

THE QUESTION ?WHAT IS LAW? HAS FOUND AN ENORMOUS VARIETY. HOWEVER, THEY CAN BE GROUPED AROUND THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS: LEGAL POSITIVISM AND NATURAL LAW. THE FIRST ESTABLISHES A SPECIFIC CONNECTION BETWEEN LAW AND FACTS (REDUCTIVE THESIS), WHILE THE SECOND CAN BE DISTINGUISHED BY THE RELATION BETWEEN LAW AND MORALITY (NORMATIVE THESIS). IN THIS CONTEXT, THE AUTHOR EXAMINES THESE RELATIONS, STUDYING THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORMATIVE CONTINENTAL THESIS, IN PARTICULAR REGARDING THE THESIS OF HANS KELSEN, WHO DEVELOPED NORMATIVISM BASED ON THE THEORETICAL WORK OF KANT; IN OPPOSITION TO BRITISH NORMATIVISM, THAT DERIVED FROM HUME'S EMPIRISM AND FINDS ITS CONTEMPORARY EXPRESSION IN HART'S LEGAL THEORY.
Shepherds at Umma in the Third Dynasty of Ur: Interlocutors with a World beyond the Scribal Field of Ordered Vision

The Third Dynasty of Ur was a highly bureaucratized, late 3rd millennium B.C.E. empire centering in southern Mesopotamia. Its state superstructure, known almost exclusively from many tens of thousands of looted cuneiform tablets, has long been studied. However, these sources deal only indirectly or not at all with the impacts of imperial rule on the great mass of the subject population. Drawing upon an earlier prosopographic study of animal husbandry for the single province and city of Umma, this article focuses on shepherds, the lowest level of the administration, as a means of penetrating that wall of silence. As interlocutors, needing to face and be credible in both directions, they become the basis for a more inclusive view of the nature of the Ur III state. Largely indifferent to the condition of its subjects and to the complex realities of the economic tasks imposed on them by heavy taxes and arduous corvee labor, the administrative elite emerges as not only repressive, but more narrowly extractive rather than broadly managerial in its intent and operations. The overriding focus in pursuit of which it was highly successful (although for less than a century), appears to have been the flow of resources that would enhance its own hegemony and well-being. La Troisieme Dynastie d'Ur etait un empire hautement bureaucratise de la seconde moitie du 3^e millenaire avant l'ere chretien, centre sur la Mesopotamie du sud. Sa superstructure etatique, connue presque exclusivement grâce a des dizaines de milliers de tablettes cuneiformes pilles, a ete longuement etudiee. Toutefois, ces sources ne portent pratiquement sur l'impact qu'avait l'autorite imperiale sur la population assujettie. Puisant dans une etude prosopographique anterieure sur l'elevage dans la seule province et ville d'Umma, cet article concerne les bergers, personnages situes au niveau le plus bas de l'administration, dont l'etude doit permettre de percer ce mur de silence. En tant qu'interlocuteurs credibles tournes a la fois vers le bas comme vers le haut, ils peuvent fournir les bases d'une image plus globale de l'etat d'Ur III. Il ressort l'image d'une elite administrative plus ou moins indifferente aux conditions des sujets et aux realites complexes des taches economiques qui leur sont imposes par des impots importants et des corvees penibles ; elle etait non seulement repressive mais animee par des intentions et des operations plus extractives que managerielles. L'essentiel du fonctionnement etatique, poursuivi avec beaucoup de succes (bien que pendant moins d'un siecle), semble avoir ete d'assurer un flux de ressources a meme d'augmenter sa propre hegemonie et bien-etre.
A Markovian model for ecosystem flow analysis

Abstract Nutrient flow through ecosystems is modeled as a discrete Markov chain whose transition probabilities are stationary or time inhomogenous according to whether a steady state or dynamic ecosystem is modeled, respectively. Expected residence time and number of intercompartmental transfers for a nutrient within a set of compartments are derived. Variances of these random variables are also considered. A measure for ecosystem resource recycling is given as a weighted sum of probabilities.
Don't Blame the Idealizations

Idealizing conditions are scapegoats for scientific hypotheses, too often blamed for falsehood better attributed to less obvious sources. But while the tendency to blame idealizations is common among both philosophers of science and scientists themselves, the blame is misplaced. Attention to the nature of idealizing conditions, the content of idealized hypotheses, and scientists’ attitudes toward those hypotheses shows that idealizing conditions are blameless when hypotheses misrepresent. These conditions help to determine the content of idealized hypotheses, and they do so in a way that prevents those hypotheses from being false by virtue of their constituent idealizations.
Structural parameters that influence the noise reduction characteristics of typical general aviation materials

Effect of panel curvature and oblique angle of sound incidence on noise reduction characteristics of an aluminum panel are experimentally investigated. Panel curvature results show significant increase in stiffness with comparable decrease of sound transmission through the panel in the frequency region below the panel/cavity resonance frequency. Noise reduction data have been achieved for aluminum panels with clamped, bonded and riveted edge conditions. These edge conditions are shown to influence noise reduction characteristics of aluminum panels. Experimentally measured noise reduction characteristics of flat aluminum panels with uniaxial and biaxial in-plane stresses are presented and discussed. Results indicate important improvement in noise reduction of these panels in the frequency range below the fundamental panel/cavity resonance frequency.
Hot-Electron Emission From Shallow p-n Junctions is Silicon

The energy distribution of hot electrons in silicon has been investigated experimentally and theoretically by observation of the energy distribution of electrons emitted into vacuum from a reverse biased $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction 1000 \AA{} below the surface. This emission has been related by means of the Boltzmann transport equation to the mean free paths for optical phonon emission and impact ionization. Two experiments were performed. In the first, with the junction biased to avalanche breakdown, the product of the mean free paths effectively determines the attenuation length for electrons in the resulting nearly Maxwellian distribution. The dependence of the emitted current on the $n$-layer thickness, which determines the attenuation length, and the field configuration within the junction were determined by removing thin calibrated layers (33 \AA{}) of silicon by boiling water oxidation. The second experiment, in which avalanche breakdown and its complications were avoided by optical generation of carriers, has been analyzed in terms of a plane source of electrons released a known distance below the surface at a given energy. The number of emitted electrons then has a maximum at an energy loss depending on the ratio of the mean free paths. The solution of the transport equation similar to that of Wolff, extended to include the initial transient in a field region, was fitted to the experimental data. A good fit was obtained using mean free paths for optical phonon emission of 60 \AA{} and for impact ionization of 190 \AA{}.
Pergolide mesylate: its effects on circulating anterior pituitary hormones in man.

Pergolide mesylate is a synthetic ergoline with dopamine agonist properties. The endocrine profile was studied in a double blind crossover design in six normal males. Circulating PRL, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, and cortisol were measured in the basal state and after TRH (500 μg iv) administration at 4.5, 11.5, and 23.5 h after placebo or pergolide (100 /ig orally). Pergolide caused suppression of basal PRL from 2-8 ng/ml to less than 2 ng/ml commencing 60 min after administration and persisting throughout the 23.5-h study period. For the three TRH tests, a suppression of peak PRL (mean ± SEM) response to TRH of 54.6 ±5.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.5, 45.2 ±4.1 vs. 4.5 ± 0.6, and 34.4 ± 2.0 vsvs. 6.9 ± 1.4 ng/ml, respectively, for placebo and pergolide was noted. Basal TSH levels were unaffected by pergolide, but after pergolide the peak TSH response to the first two TRH challenges was blunted (placebo vsvs. pergolide: 12.3 ± 1.2 vsvs. 6.8 ± 1.0 and 14.8 ± 2.0 vsvs. 9.6 ± 1.0, respectively); however, the third TSH response (9.8 ±...
RGB to CMYK conversion using 3D barycentric interpolation

The technique of barycentric interpolation, commonly used for finite element analysis, is extended to its three dimensional form and applied to color space transforms. This is an improved method for transforming three dimensional image data from an RGB color space to a CMY or CMYK ink or dye color system. The 3-D CMY or CMYK 'color cube' from the desired marking technology is efficiently divided into a space-filling matrix of unequal irregular hexahedra delineated by sample nodes. Node locations are placed in a manner which maximizes sampling and interpolation efficiency. Test charts are printed using the colors represented by each node. The colors are measured and a color vs. ink amount table is formed. Each hexahedra is then partitioned into a space-filling aggregation of irregular tetrahedrons. The four possible hexahedra partitioning modes are derived and the optimum one is determined. Within each tetrahedron the color data associated with its vertices are then used to perform a three-dimensional interpolation. This provides efficient, seamless, artifact-free creation of 3-D color transformation look-up tables while reducing the quantity of printed colors required to achieve a desired accuracy. This method has been successfully incorporated into several applications, most notably Aldus Corporation's PrePrint.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
High-temperature epitaxy of PtSi/Si(0 0 1)

Abstract High-temperature epitaxy of PtSi/Si(0 0 1) interfaces has been investigated by ultra-high-vacuum transmission electron microscopy for deposition temperatures up to 850°C. At 600°C continuous, polycrystalline, epitaxial films are observed with rectangular grains (10 × 30 nm), with the predominant, preferred orientation PtSi(1 1 0). By 750°C the grains form islands which elongate in the PtSi[0 0 1] direction parallel the Si[1 1 0]. A strong shape anisotropy develops with length-to-width ratios of up to 1 0 0. Interface faceting is detected and observed in all islands by 810°C and the preferred orientation changes to predominantly (1 2 0). The alignment of the PtSi(0 0 2) planes with the Si(2 2 0) planes is preserved at all temperatures and orientations.
τ Dependence of the vibrational zeropoint energy in the partially deuterated methyl alcohols, revisited

Abstract The contributions of the zeropoint energy from the 3 N − 7 other vibrations to the effective potential energy for internal rotation have been calculated for eight isotopic species of methyl alcohol. The basis of the calculation is the set of force constants determined by A. Serrallach, R. Meyer, and Hs. H. Gunthard [ J. Mol. Spectrosc. 52, 94–129 (1974)] from infrared analyses. The results calculated for CH 2 DOH are V 1 = 11.93 cm −1 and V 2 = 0.17 cm −1 with Δ V 3 −1 . These values agree favorably with the experimental results as previously determined from analysis of the microwave torsional-rotational spectra of CH 2 DOH.
Common and rare variants of DAOA in bipolar disorder

The d-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA, previously known as G72) gene, mapped on 13q33, has been reported to be genetically associated with bipolar disorder (BP) in several populations. The consistency of associated variants is unclear and rare variants in exons of the DAOA gene have not been investigated in psychiatric diseases. We employed a conditional linkage method - STatistical Explanation for Positional Cloning (STEPC) to evaluate whether any associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) account for the evidence of linkage in a pedigree series that previously has been linked to marker D13S779 at 13q33. We also performed an association study in a sample of 376 Caucasian BP parent-proband trios by genotyping 38 common SNPs in the gene region. Besides, we resequenced coding regions and flanking intronic sequences of DAOA in 555 Caucasian unrelated BP patients and 564 mentally healthy controls, to identify putative functional rare variants that may contribute to disease. One SNP rs1935058 could “explain” the linkage signal in the family sample set (P = 0.055) using STEPC analysis. No significant allelic association was detected in an association study by genotyping 38 common SNPs in 376 Caucasian BP trios. Reseqencing identified 53 SNPs, of which 46 were novel SNPs. There was no significant excess of rare variants in cases relative to controls. Our results suggest that DAOA does not have a major effect on BP susceptibility. However, DAOA may contribute to bipolar susceptibility in some specific families as evidenced by the STEPC analysis.
Additional transformations for multiple‐level escape statements

Earlier work suggests that program transformations can simplify program verification. A given program containing complex language features is transformed into a semantically equivalent program containing only simpler language features. The transformed program is proven using a set of proof rules for only the simpler features. That approach was illustrated by transforming a given program that may contain multiple-level escape statements within nested loops into an equivalent program that contains no escape statements. This paper gives additional transformations, which map a given program that may contain multiple-level escape statements to a semantically equivalent program (TP) that contains only single-level escape statements. The proof of TP uses proof rules for single-level escape statements, or the earlier transformations further map TP to a program with no escape statements, whose proof uses proof rules for loops without escape statements. This paper also discusses escape statements where the number of levels is determined at run-time. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inverse images and first countability

Abstract This paper studies the question which asks when a property P passes from the range of a mapping (= continuous surjection) to its domain for certain properties P in the lineage of first countability. A general technique is presented which enables us to answer this question in the context of open finite-to-one mappings and perfect mappings for properties P which include: uniform base, point-countable-base, first countability and bi-sequential. Several examples are given, one of which shows that the inverse image of a metrizable space under an open finite-to-one mapping need not be metrizable even if it is semi-metrizable.
Optimization of a low-cost truly preemptive multitasking PC diagnostic workstation

The Windows 95/NT operating systems (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA) currently provide the only low-cost truly preemptive multitasking environment and as such become an attractive diagnostic workstation platform. The purpose of this project is to test and optimize display station graphical user interface (GUI) actions previously designed on the pseudomultitasking Macintosh (Apple Computer, Cupertino, CA) platform, and image data transmission using time slicing/dynamic prioritization assignment capabilities of the new Windows platform. A diagnostic workstation in the clinical environment must process two categories of events: user interaction with the GUI through keyboard/mouse input, and transmission of incoming data files. These processes contend for central processing units (CPU) time resulting in GUI “lockout” during image transmission or delay in transmission until GUI “quiet time.” WinSockets and the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocal (TCP/IP) communication protocol software (Microsoft) are implemented using dynamic priority timeslicing to ensure that GUI delays at the time of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) file transfer do not exceed 1/10 second. Assignment of thread priority does not translate into an absolute fixed percentage of CPU time. Therefore, the relationship between dynamic priority assignment by the processor, and the GUI and communication application threads will be more fully investigated to optimize CPU resource allocation. These issues will be tested using 10 MB/sec Ethernet and 100 MB/sec fast and wide Ethernet transmission. Preliminary results of typical clinical files (10 to 30 MB) over Ethernet show no visually perceptible interruption of the GUI, suggesting that the new Windows PC platform may be a viable diagnostic workstation option.
Simulation of Regional Climate Using a Limited Area Model Nested in a General Circulation Model

Abstract A Limited Area Model (LAM) is nested in a General Circulation Model (GCM) to simulate the January climate over the western United States. In the nesting procedure, the GCM output is used to provide the initial and lateral atmospheric boundary conditions necessary to drive the LAM. In this approach, the GCM is used to simulate realistic large-scale atmospheric behavior over an area of interest and the LAM to describe the effect of local, sub-GCM grid scale forcings (such as those induced by the complex western United States topography) on regional patterns of climatic variables. Two versions of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model [the seasonal CCM1 at 4.5° × 7.5° (R15) and 2.89° × 2.89° (T42) latitude-longitude resolution] are used to drive a version of the Pennsylvania State University/NCAR mesoscale model (MM4 at 60 km resolution), which includes sophisticated soil hydrology calculations. The CCM1 large-scale January climatology over the region is analyzed...
Surgical treatment of axillary hidrosadenitis suppurativa

scesses, sinuses and Aerations in seIected pyoderma, nonspecific granuloma and fisregions such as the axillary, mammary, tuIous disease of the buttocks. inguinal, genita1 and periana1. The disease The occurrence of the disease in particumay be of genera1 invorvement with extenIar regions is attributed to the presence of sive ulceration and undermining of the a pecuIiar type of sweat gland. VerneuiI,3,4 skin and subcutaneous tissue or limited to who brought the condition to attention in a one region, commonIy the axilIae. series of reports between 1834 and 1865, * Read before the meeting of the Central Surgical Association, Ann Arbor, Michigan, February 28, 1941.
Production of monodisperse liquid particles by electrical atomization

Abstract Streams of highly electrified uniform droplets about 0.1 mm. in diameter can be produced by applying potentials of 5–10 kv. a.c. or d.c. to liquids in small capillaries. Monodisperse aerosols having a particle radius of a micron or less can be formed if the capillary is positively charged and if liquids having low electrical conductivity are used. Aerosols formed in this way show the colors of higher-order Tyndall spectra.
Internal accounting controls: Does company size matter?

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act required CEOs and CFOs to certify their firms' internal controls were working properly. But the expense of determining that was seen as such a burden on small companies that for years they have been exempted. But is this the right thing to do? Should investors be concerned? © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superconductivity in SrCuO2-BaCuO2 Superlattices: Formation of Artificially Layered Superconducting Materials

Pulsed-laser deposition was used to synthesize artificially layered high-temperature superconductors. Thin-film compounds were formed when the constraint of epitaxy was used to stabilize SrCuO2-BaCuO2 superlattices in the infinite layer structure. Using this approach, two new structural families, Ba2Srn–1,Cun+1 O2n+2+δ and Ba4Srn–1 Cun+3O2n+6+δ have been synthesized; these families superconduct at temperatures as high as 70 kelvin.
Micromorphology of a “welded” Sangamonian to Wisconsinan age paleosol in southwestern Wisconsin

Abstract Micromorphological characteristics indicate that in southwestern Wisconsin pedogenesis transgressed the Sangamonian-Wisconsinan chronostratigraphic boundary in conjunction with colluvial and eolian sedimentation. The use of micromorphology helps to distinguish between pedological, colluvial, and eolian components in the paleosol horizon sequence, which can be difficult to resolve and interpret solely from field investigations and from other laboratory analyses. Results show that a basal loess “mixed zone” within the welded paleosol profile contains features that are the products of colluvial reworking processes. We present micromorphology data which support stratigraphic relationships suggesting that colluvial processes were important in the formation of basal loess “mixed zones” in addition to other possible mixing processes such as pedoturbation and bioturbation.
Disease prevalence and survey design effects: A response to Weir and Smith

Evidence provided by Weir and Smith, particularly the findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), leads us to conclude that an increase in arthritis prevalence during the 1990s in the United States is probable, but the trend is likely overstated in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We show that a mistake in our earlier method does not change substantively our previous conclusion that survey duration effects are occurring in the HRS, a finding that is also supported by a variety of regression models (including that of Weir and Smith). Furthermore, very little evidence exists for an upward trend among self-reporters in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and less than 25% of the increase in the HRS over the 1990s can be attributed to increases in obesity.
The legacy of the IGY

We are now at the point of celebrating three milestones of international cooperation in sun—earth research: the 100th anniversary of the First International Polar Year (1882–1883); the 50th anniversary of the Second Polar Year (1932–1933); and the 25th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958). Credit for the concept of the First Polar Year goes to an Austrian Lieutenant, Karl Weyprecht. He expressed the philosophy of scientific cooperation in the following bold language delivered in a statement to the Hall of the Austrian Academy of Sciences on January 18, 1875: Purely geographical research and Arctic topography, which until now have stood in the foreground of all polar expeditions, must, with respect to the great scientific questions, recede into the background. The answers, though, will occur only when those nations pretending to aspire to the heights of contemporary, cultural endeavor decide, without regard to national rivalry, upon common measures. In order to secure decisive scientific results, we require a series of simultaneous expeditions whose aims must be, through dispersal over several points of the Arctic region and using identical instruments in line with identical instructions, to conduct a simultaneous, year-long series of observations. Only thereby shall we acquire the material for solutions to those great problems of nature that reside in the Arctic ice, and only then shall we earn the reward for those considerable resources that have hitherto been squandered in labor, endeavor, deprivation, and money in the polar region.
Stern-Gerlach experiments of one-dimensional metal-benzene sandwich clusters: Mn(C6H6)m (M = Al, Sc, Ti, and V).

A molecular beam of multilayer metal−benzene organometallic clusters Mn(C6H6)m (M = Al, Sc, Ti, and V) was produced by a laser vaporization synthesis method, and their magnetic deflections were measured. Multidecker sandwich clusters of transition-metal atoms and benzene Scn(C6H6)n+1 (n = 1, 2) and Vn(C6H6)n+1 (n = 1−4) possess magnetic moments that increase monotonously with n. The magnetic moments of Al(C6H6), Scn(C6H6)n+1, and Vn(C6H6)n+1 are smaller than that of their spin-only values as a result of intracluster spin relaxation, an effect that depends on the orbital angular momenta and bonding characters of the orbitals containing electron spin. While Ti(C6H6)2 was found to be nonmagnetic, Tin(C6H6)n+1 (n = 2, 3) possess nonzero magnetic moments. The mechanism of ferromagnetic spin ordering in M2(C6H6)3 (M = Sc, Ti, V) is discussed qualitatively in terms of molecular orbital analysis. These sandwich species represent a new class of one-dimensional molecular magnets in which the transition-metal atoms ...
Bone marrow granulomas associated with chronic natural killer cell lymphocytosis

Two patients with chronic natural killer cell lymphocytosis (CNKL) and associated bone marrow granulomas (BMGs) are described. The increases in the peripheral blood of both the proportion (64 and 74%) and absolute number (2,000/microL and 4,700/microL) of NK cells have persisted for more than 1 and 3 years. One patient was asymptomatic with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, and the other presented with fever of unidentified origin, which has since responded to a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Bone marrow examination in both patients showed loose aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes similar to the noncaseating granulomas seen in other diseases. An unusual feature, however, was the presence of many scattered, large mononuclear histiocytes that were morphologically similar to atypical megakaryocytes. Extensive clinical and laboratory studies did not reveal an established cause for the BMGs. BMGs may be associated with CNKL, with the unusual feature of scattered, atypical mononuclear histiocytes.
Overproduction and single-step purification of GAL4 fusion proteins from Escherichia coli.

Abstract A DNA fragment encoding the yeast GAL4 transcriptional activator DNA-binding domain (amino acids 1–93) was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector such that the overproduced protein is tagged with six histidine residues and a factor Xa protease cleavage site. The vector also contains unique restriction sites at the 3' end of the gene to allow the construction of fusion proteins. These fusion proteins can easily be purified to homogeneity and their activity tested in vitro.
Hazard identification and characterization of organometals in growing III–V semiconductors for the production of photovoltaic cells

Abstract In the production of III–V thin film semiconductors by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition, trimethylarsine and isobutylphosphine can replace arsine and phosphine, respectively, as the group V source materials. In the same process, bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium has been shown to be a good p-dopant. Although these organometallic liquids have the potential for better performance than the earth metals, and are safer in processing than hydride gases, they are not without risk to health and property. The limited data that are available indicate that these compounds are moderately toxic, and have acute and chronic effects on humans through inhalation, ingestion, and direct physical contact. Their use in large-scale production presents potential fire hazards because they ignite spontaneously in air at ambient temperatures. The fumes emitted from their combustion may contain toxic substances which are hazardous in the workplace and its surrounding areas. Because there are no safety guidelines, exposure limits or government regulations established specifically for these compounds, they should be used only under prudent practices for handling chemical substances of unknown toxicity.
Anxiety Sensitivity and Childhood Learning Experiences: Impacts on Panic Symptoms Among Adolescents

Specific parenting behaviors, in the context of offspring bodily arousal, relate to elevated risk for panic symptomatology. Research with adults also suggests anxiety sensitivity (AS) plays an important role in this relationship. However, very limited research has been conducted with adolescents. To address this gap in the literature, the current study evaluated the interplay between AS and arousal-reactive as well as arousal non-reactive childhood learning experiences in predicting panic symptomatology among a community sample of 10–17 year old adolescents (n = 153). Findings indicated arousal-reactive learning experiences were associated with increased panic symptomatology, but only among youth high in AS. Further, this model evidenced relative specificity in that arousal non-reactive learning experiences did not interact with AS to predict panic symptomatology. The current findings add to the literature seeking to elucidate the interplay between specific parenting behaviors and offspring characteristics as they relate to elevated risk for panic-related outcomes.
The Nature of the Circadian Periodicity and Suppressibility of Immunoreactive ACTH Levels in Addison's Disease

ABSTRACT A circadian periodicity of plasma immunoreactive ACTH levels (half-hourly sampling) in the presence of virtually constant plasma cortisol levels, was evident in a patient with Addison's disease who had been withdrawn from corticosteroid maintenance medication 16 hours prior to the start of study. The actual levels of ACTH were greatly elevated compared to those seen in normal subjects for corresponding times of day. This would indicate the lack of involvement of feedback mechanisms in the genesis of ACTH periodicity, and that in the absence of such feedback this periodicity oscillates about a higher ACTH level than in the normal subject. The elevated plasma ACTH levels in 2 Addisonian patients were rapidly suppressible with hydrocortisone or dexamethasone administration, but not to the levels reported in normal subjects. Estimates of apparent ACTH halflife ranged from 15 to 30 min in these patients.
‘Our side of the story’: moving incarcerated youth voices from margins to center

This study examines the ways in which playwriting and performance provide tools for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated girls to prepare for their lives beyond detention centers and probation. In a three‐year multi‐sited ethnography journeying through regional youth detention centers (RYDCs), a multi‐service center serving formerly incarcerated youth, and a public theatre housing a women‐focused theatre company in the urban southeast, this study raises questions about the gendering of the school/prison nexus and interrogates the role of programs. Ultimately this study urges scholars, activists, and youth advocates to combine efforts in coalition building to meet the needs of girls in under‐served and under‐resourced communities and schools.
Modification of Expression of the Testicular feminization (Tfm) Gene of the Mouse by a “Controlling Element” Gene

THE X-linked Testicular feminization (Tfm) mutation of the mouse1 gives a totally noninducible phenotype to all the divergent target organs of testosterone in affected Tfm/Y ♀2–7. When all the previous studies are considered together, the nuclear-cytosol receptor protein which shows a higher binding affinity to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) than to testosterone (TES) emerges as the most likely candidate for the regulatory protein specified by the Tfm locus. Agreement has not been reached as to the nature of the mutational change affecting the receptor protein, for it has variously been reported to be virtually absent3,8,9, present in normal amounts10, and in excess of normal11 in Tfm/Y target cells.
Antidotes to haemorrhage: recombinant factor VIIa

Recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) concentrates were originally developed to treat the refractory bleeding complications associated with allo-antibody inhibitors in hemophilias A and B. As experience was gained in the hemophilias, the physiology of rFVIIa and its successes in controlling bleeds stimulated rFVIIa use in other challenging medical conditions complicated by bleeding. Thus, rFVIIa has assumed the role of a 'universal pancoagulant' without sufficient evidence-based data from well-designed, adequately powered clinical trials. This chapter discusses the anecdotal experience with rFVIIa based upon the few controlled trials that do exist, and emphasizes that these empirical dosing strategies have not yielded the best approach to achieve effective control of bleeding. Evidence-based data are necessary to establish the cost-benefit and risk-benefit profiles of rFVIIa, and to establish it as a standard treatment for bleeding.
Arthroscopic techniques for cartilage repair

Abstract Joint injuries are a major concern for horses used in athletic and recreational sports. Spontaneous cartilage repair diminishes as horses reach maturity, and surgical measures have been developed to bolster these meager intrinsic responses. Local debridement, joint lavage, and marrow stimulation techniques provide improved symptomatic therapy that may last several years. Subchondral drilling (forage) has largely been superseded by microfracture techniques to open the subchondral bone in damaged cartilage areas. Marrow-derived cells and growth factors then contribute to better fibrocartilage formation. Transplantation techniques can result in more durable hyaline cartilage but add a level of complexity to cartilage repair that can be costly, time-consuming, and occasionally painful. Autogenous osteochondral dowel transplantation or mosaicplasty provides an integrated weight-bearing island that may sustain better loads than cell-grafting methods. However, donor-site morbidity and technical difficulties both in harvest and implant of osteochondral grafts dampens the promise of major hyaline cartilage rejuvenation. Equine joint repair demands arthroscopic methods, and chondrocyte and pluripotent stem-cell implantation provide promise of improved cartilage repair. Combination of insulin-like growth factor-I and chondrocytes provides a clinically useful grafting method for extensive osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), subchondral cysts, and traumatic injuries. Future directions look toward gene-enhanced cell transplants that may provide a major early matrix response and durable in situ cartilage reformation.
Mixed-mode hydrophobic ion exchange for the separation of oligonucleotides and DNA fragments using HPLC

Abstract Hydrophobic anion exchangers were formed by cobonding both ionic and hydrophobic ligands to silica gel. These phases were used to separate single-stranded oligonucleotides and double-stranded DNA restriction fragments. By varying the ratio of n -octyldimethylsilane and either 3-chloropropyldimethylsilane or 4-chlorobutyldimethylsilane added during silanization a series of mixed-ligand or mixed-mode stationary phases was created. Concentration and ratio of bonded ligands were determined using a new gas chromatography fluorination method. Total ligand coverage was found to approach 2.1 ligands nm 2− for n -octyldimethylsilane. Bonding reproducibility for mixed-mode phases was good. Nucleic acid separations were achieved under gentle mobile phase conditions by using the stationary phase as an easily modifiable variable.