cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of long term dust exposures in the Vermont granite sheds.

Analysis of variance models were used to analyze 1153 personal samples of respirable granite dust collected in the Vermont granite sheds in 1970 and 1976. The best fitting model described dust concentrations in terms of job, shed, season, survey year, and included interaction terms between shed, season, and survey. This model explained 46% of the total variability in dust levels, and was used to estimate median annual dust concentrations for every job and shed in the industry. The analysis of variance suggested that dust levels varied more between sheds than between jobs within a shed, and that winter dust levels were significantly higher than summer levels. Dust levels in the 1970s were estimated by the average of the seasonally adjusted levels in the two surveys. Dust estimates in each job and shed were combined with personal work histories, and three procedures for estimating each worker's lifetime exposure were evaluated. The cumulative exposure index with uniform weights for each dust year of exposur...
Practitioner Expertise: Creating Quality within the Daily Tumble of Events in Youth Settings.

Practitioners in youth settings experience life on the ground as a tumble of events, shaped by a confluence of youth needs, institutional expectations, and other inputs. The quality of the setting is determined in part by practitioners' expertise in shaping and responding to these events. The situations that arise in practice, and how staff respond, can be turning points, good or bad, in youths' experience of the setting. They can also be opportunities for youth development. This article examines the wide-ranging events, situations, or "dilemmas of practice" that occur in the daily life of youth development programs. Research shows that these varied situations are shaped by the ecology of diverse people and systems that influence the setting. They involve considerations that may entail everything from the psychology of different youth, to how parents from a cultural group think, to the dynamics of government systems. Expert youth practitioners, it is found, are able to identify more considerations than novices in these situations, and they possess a wider repertoire of responses. They also formulate more responses that are youth centered and address multiple considerations. Expertise involves being able to balance diverse concerns, including how to create and sustain conditions for the development of young people. Researchers can contribute by helping us better understand this array of situations and how experts respond. Improvement in the quality of youth settings can be achieved through greater knowledge of the tumble of events that occur and by helping train practitioners in skills for responding to it.
A Nomogram for Look Angles to Geostationary Satellites

TA chart is presented that allows for the rapid determination of the azimuth and elevation to a geostationary satellite, given the satellite longitude and the latitude and longitude of the ground site.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Negatively Modulates Proliferation and c-fosExpression of the Human Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Cell Line HEC-1-A

Abstract Growth factor regulation of normal and cancerous cell proliferation has been well-documented and may be mediated by proto-oncogene activity. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in proliferation and mitogen-induced c- fos mRNA expression of an endometrial carcinoma cell line, HEC-1-A, in response to TGF-β, a potent growth-inhibitory peptide. HEC-1-A cells were incubated in the presence or absence of TGF-β. Mitogen-stimulated cells were additionally treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Changes in proliferation were measured by [ 3 H]thymidine uptake assays. Alterations in EGF-induced c- fos expression following TGF-β pretreatment were assessed by Northern blot using a 32 P-labeled human c- fos probe. Finally, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays were performed to evaluate c- fos promoter activity in response to treatment conditions. Basal and EGF-stimulated proliferation was inhibited by TGF-β in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TGF-β also reversibly decreased EGF-induced c- fos mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Sequences in the c- fos promoter that were stimulated by EGF showed suppressed activity when preincubated with TGF-β. These results show that TGF-β negatively modulates EGF-induced c- fos expression, which may be related to the observed inhibition of carcinoma cell proliferation.
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of glycerophosphoethanolamine plasmalogen phospholipids

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the [M + H]+ of glycerophospholipids typically results in abundant fragment ions that are related to the polar head group or loss of the polar head group. An exception to this general rule occurs for glycerophosphoethanolamines (GPEtn), which are a class of phospholipids that can have an acyl, 1-O-alkyl, or 1-O-alk-1′-enyl group as a substituent at the sn-1 position. The CID of the [M + H]+ of diacyl-GPEtn typically results in the expected loss of the phosphoethanolamine head group (141 Da). Therefore, constant neutral loss of 141 Da has been used as a diagnostic tool for the determination of GPEtn species in complex lipid mixtures. One disadvantage in using constant neutral loss of 141 Da in order to determine GPEtn content in lipid mixtures is that plasmalogen GPEtn does not undergo neutral loss of phosphoethanolamine to the same extent as diacyl-GPEtn. The current studies have used positive ion mode electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to study the collision-induced dissociation of various GPEtn plasmalogens present in the phospholipid membranes of human neutrophils. The CID of the [M + H]+ of plasmalogen GPEtn resulted in two prominent fragment ions; one that was characteristic of the sn-1 position and one that was characteristic of the sn-2 position. These two ions were used to detect specific molecular species of GPEtn containing esterified arachidonate (precursors of m/z 361) present in the human neutrophil.
Quantum Physics Relevance to Psychiatry

Since the early 1900’s, physics has gone a silent revolution, the heart of which lies the idea of quantum mechanics. We now understand the predictions based on classical or Newtonian physics to be incomplete. Given the complexity and minute scale of neuronal and mental phenomena it is suggestive to reconsider these issues in the light of newer insights from quantum physics. We present an overview of similar philosophical questions in this paper. A systematic literature search for ideas pertaining to quantum physics was carried out on the electronic search resources using various subject headings,. Relevant articles were selected for review. A wide selection of original literature from quantum physics was reviewed as well a search for ideas relevant to psychiatry. The quantum paradigm can be very helpful in developing an understanding of psychic and mental processes. It might potentially explain some empirical neuro- psychiatric findings. There is a need for psychiatric profession to incorporate non-classical ideas from other fields of science in their thinking and research.
A strongly aperiodic set of tiles in the hyperbolic plane

We construct the first known example of a strongly aperiodic set of tiles in the hyperbolic plane. Such a set of tiles does admit a tiling, but admits no tiling with an infinite cyclic symmetry. This can also be regarded as a “regular production system” [5] that does admit bi-infinite orbits, but admits no periodic orbits.
Medical considerations of long-term survival of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease.

ABSTRACTBach JR: Medical considerations of long-term survival of Werdnig–Hoffmann disease. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007;86:349–355.Objectives:To report intercurrent nonrespiratory complications of unprecedented survival for Werdnig–Hoffman disease (spinal muscular atrophy type 1 [SMA 1]).Design:A retr
In vivo repair of rat intestinal dna damage by alkylating agents

In an effort to evaluate the possible correlation of the transforming ability of the known colon carcinogens dimethylhydrazine, 3-2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, and methylazoxymethanolacetate to damage and repair of DNA, a series of compounds known to react with DNA-nitrogen mustard, methylmethanesulfonate, and mitomycin C--were administered to rats that had been prelabeled with 3H-thymidine. The DNA of crypt and villus of the jejunum and crypt and surface cells of the large bowel were analyzed by ultracentrifugation on an alkaline sucrose gradient. All fractions suffered degradation to such an extent that essentially no undamaged DNA was detectable. This was followed by repair and an increase in size. However, in the surface cells of the colon of animals that had received a carcinogenic insult there was far less rapid repair. Since this is the site where tumors would ultimately arise these data are supportive of the hypothesis that there is a relationship between decreased repair and carcinogenicity. In view of the age related incidence of colon cancer, repair in older animals was evaluated and was found to be less than that seen in the young. Since multiple treatment with the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine is required and there is a long latent period, the effect of this treatment on repair potential was evaluated. Similar to what was seen in the older animals, these treated rats had greatly reduced capacity to repair DNA. All these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased repair of DNA alterations is a concomitant of carcinogenesis.
Organizational Culture for Small Textile and Apparel Businesses in Guatemala

The organizational culture of small Guatemalan businesses that produce textile and apparel products for export to the U.S. was a) profiled using field research and case study methods and b) compared with past research describing the cultures and management practices of apparel businesses located in the U.S. and abroad. The overall profile of organizational culture included improved family well-being as a motivating force for initiating and sustaining business. Cooperative management provided mutual respect and fairness among all members. Little organizational risk-taking was evident, yet joining the group was an indicator of individual initiative. The objective of creating a successful business required new product development with wholesale customers serving as the primary source of new product ideas. Having a central workplace enhanced group communication and product quality. Similarities among the Guatemalan and other apparel and craft businesses were noted in terms offinancial need, importance of fami...
Glucose-sensitive nanoassemblies comprising affinity-binding complexes trapped in fuzzy microshells.

A new design for glucose monitoring with “smart” materials based on self assembly, competitive binding, and resonance energy transfer (RET) is presented. The basic transduction principle is changing RET efficiency from fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC), as FITC-dextran is displaced from TRITC-Concanavalin A (Con A) with the addition of glucose. Nanoscale fabrication by self-assembly of Con A/dextran into multilayer films, followed by polymer multilayers. The advantages of this approach include physical localization and separation of sensing molecules from the environment via entrapment of the biosensor elements in a semi-permeable polymeric shell, and only functional molecules are included in the sensors. To realize these nanostructures, dissolvable resin microparticles were coated with FITC-dextran+TRITC-Con A multilayers, followed by polyelectrolyte multilayers, and the core particles were then dissolved to yield hollow capsules. The nanoassembly process was studied using microbalance mass measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and zeta-potential measurements. The key findings are that the specific binding between Con A and dextran can be used to deposit ultrathin multilayer films, and these exhibit changing RET in response to glucose. Fluorescence spectra of a microcapsules exhibited a linear, glucose-specific, 27% increase in the relative fluorescence of FITC over the 0–1800 mg/dL range. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using self-assembled microcapsules as optical glucose sensors, and serve as a basis for work toward better understanding the properties of these novel materials.
Kinetic Temperature and Electron Density Measurement in an Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch using Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing

Laser wave mixing is presented as an effective technique for spatially resolved kinetic temperature measurements in an atmospheric-pressure radio-frequency inductively-coupled plasma. Measurements are performed in a 1 kW, 27 MHz RF plasma using a continuous-wave, tunable 811.5-nm diode laser to excite the 4s(sup 3)P2 approaches 4p(sup 3)D3 argon transition. Kinetic temperature measurements are made at five radial steps from the center of the torch and at four different torch heights. The kinetic temperature is determined by measuring simultaneously the line shape of the sub-Doppler backward phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave mixing and the Doppler-broadened forward-scattering degenerate four-wave mixing. The temperature measurements result in a range of 3,500 to 14,000 K+/-150 K. Electron densities measured range from 6.1 (+/-0.3) x 10(exp 15)/cu cm to 10.1 (+/-0.3) x 10(exp 15)/cu cm. The experimental spectra are analyzed using a perturbative treatment of the backward phase-conjugate and forward-geometry wave-mixing theory. Stark width is determined from the collisional broadening measured in the phase-conjugate geometry. Electron density measurements are made based on the Stark width. The kinetic temperature of the plasma was found to be more than halved by adding deionized water through the nebulizer.
The infrared bright nuclei in the mid-infrared

We present arcsecond angular-resolution mid-IR images of three IR-bright galaxies, NGC 6240, IRAS 0518-25, and the NGC 3690-IC 694 (Arp 299) system, and we compare the sizes of their emission regions in the mid-IR and near-IR. In all these galaxies, most ({approximately}75{percent}) of the mid-IR flux, as measured in the IRAS 12 {mu}m observations, is found in our images to be concentrated within the central few hundred parsecs. In the two galaxies which show a single IR source in the nucleus, IRAS 0518-25 and IC 694, the mid-IR emission is more compact than the near-IR. This suggests that the mid-IR source, warm dust heated by an active galactic nucleus or an unresolved starburst, is more compact than the population of cooler, older stars. In the two galaxies which show double sources in the nucleus, the reverse is the case. That is, the mid-IR is more extended than the near-IR. Similar results are obtained for a handful of other galaxies for which we have high-resolution mid-IR data. Thus in our small sample, the double source nuclei contain starbursts which are more extended than the older stars and the single source nuclei do not. Some of the double sources seen in themore » IR bright galaxies, for example NGC 3690, are probably starbursts in conjunction with a galactic nucleus rather than twin galactic nuclei. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Astronomical Society}« less
Correlation of hyaluronic acid accumulation and the growth of preneoplastic mammary cells in collagen: a longitudinal study.

Hyaluronic acid accumulation is characteristic of mammary tumor cells, and the amount that accumulates seems to correlate with the degree of malignancy of the producing cells. We have tested directly the relationship between hyaluronic acid accumulation and the replication rate of preneoplastic mammary cells in culture. We used nontumorigenic but immortal CL-S1 mouse mammary cells that were derived from a hyperplastic alveolar nodule. Using a collagen gel culture system, we found clear differences in the growth properties of cells before and after Passages 68 to 70. Late passage cells replicated earlier and faster than early passage cells in collagen and on plastic. The rate of cycling resembled that of tumorigenic mouse mammary cells during the first week of culture. Cells seeded at low densities cycled faster than those seeded at high densities during the second week in culture. Exogenous hyaluronic acid, at 10 to 1000µg/ml, neither enhanced nor inhibited CL-S1 cell growth significantly in collagen, regardless of passage. However, by the third day in collagen, late passage cells produced 7 times more total glycosaminoglycans and 12 times more hyaluronic acid per cell than did early passage cells. Late passage cells also deposited 12 times more labeled hyaluronic acid in the matrix than did early passage cells, on a per-cell basis. After a decline in the deposition of hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix, growth ceased. The late passage cells did not grow in soft agar, indicating that they had not become neoplastic spontaneously during passage. However, their accelerated growth rate, coupled with the synthesis and secretion of large amounts of hyaluronic acid into the extracellular matrix, may characterize a distinct step in tumor progression in preneoplastic CL-S1 cells.
Development of IVM-IVF produced 8-cell bovine embryos in simple, serum-free media after conditioning or co-culture with buffalo rat liver cells.

Development of 8-cell bovine embryos derived from in vitro matured/in vitro fertilized (IVM/IVF) oocytes was evaluated in two simple, serum-free media (CZB and SOM) with buffalo rat liver cells co-culture (BRLC) or after conditioning compared to a commonly used, serum-supplemented complex medium TCM-199. In a 3 x 4 factorial design, 578 eight-cell embryos were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups. The factors were: first, type of culture medium (M199/FBS, CZBg and SOM), and second, the use of BRLC (as co-culture or to condition media for 24 hr and 48 hr) and unconditioned media. Development to morula was not affected by the type of medium, but co-culture and 48 hr conditioning within media type resulted in better development when compared to the 24-hr conditioned or unconditioned groups. Blastocyst development in SOM (38.9%) was different (P < 0.05) than in CZBg (46.6%) and M199/FBS (48.7%) and was lowest in the unconditioned group (27.8%) followed by 24 hr conditioned (33.3%), 48 hr (56.3%), and co-culture (59.6%). No blastocyst expansion was observed with unconditioned media and 24 hr conditioned SOM. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among all treatment groups except the co-culture and 48-hr conditioned groups. Hatching occurred only with co-culture and 48-hr conditioned groups of M199/FBS and CZBg media. These data show that CZB with glucose conditioned by BRLC monolayers for 48 hr can support the development of IVM/IVF produced bovine embryos to blastocyst compared to culture in TCM-199 with serum. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sexual Behavior that is “Out of Control”: a Theoretical Conceptual Approach

Explaining how and why sexual behavior gets out of control is fundamentally important to the advancement of effective treatments. In this article, explanatory theoretical concepts which may lead to testable hypotheses are discussed, and relevant data (although limited) are considered.
Multiparty data hiding of quantum information

We present protocols for multiparty data hiding of quantum information that implement all possible threshold access structures. Closely related to secret sharing, data hiding has a more demanding security requirement: that the data remain secure against unrestricted attacks via local operation and classical communication. In the limit of hiding a large amount of data, our protocols achieve an asymptotic rate of one hidden qubit per local physical qubit. That is, each party holds a share that is the same size as the hidden state to leading order, with accuracy and security parameters incurring an overhead that is asymptotically negligible. The data-hiding states have very unusual entanglement properties, which we briefly discuss.
On nash subsets and mobility chains in bimatrix games

This work is concerned with constructing, analyzing, and finding “mobility chains” for bimatrix games, sequences of equilibrium points along which it is possible for the two players to progress, one equilibrium point at a time, to an equilibrium point that is preferred by both players. The relationship between mobility chains and Nash subsets is established, and some properties of maximal Nash subsets are proved.
Identification of a large motility operon in Borrelia burgdorferi by semi-random PCR chromosome walking.

Abstract Motility has been implicated in the invasive process of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the etiologic agent of Lyme disease. To identify Bb motility related genes, we used a method termed `semi-random PCR chromosome walking' (SRPCW) to walk through a large motility gene cluster. The major advantage of this approach over other PCR walking methods is that it employs a secondary PCR amplification of cloned fragments which can be readily sequenced and analyzed. Starting with a primer specific to flgE, we identified and sequenced 14 open reading frames (ORFs) spanning 11 kb downstream of the flgE gene. The genes identified include flbD, motA, motB, fliL, fliM, fliN, fliZ, fliP, fliQ, fliR, flhB, flhA, flhF and flbE. Twelve of the deduced proteins shared extensive homology with flagellar proteins from other bacteria. The gene products and order of genes within this cluster are most similar to those of Treponema pallidum (Tp) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs). One of the unique genes identified, flbD, demonstrated homology to an ORF from the same operon of Tp. Another ORF, flbE, showed similarity to genes from both Tp and Bs. RT-PCR and primer extension analysis revealed that this gene cluster is transcribed as a single unit indicating that it is part of a large motility operon spanning more than 21 kb. Antisera to Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium FliN, FliM, FlhB and FlhA reacted with proteins of the predicted molecular weights in cell lysates of Bb. The results suggest that the flagellar system is highly conserved in evolution and thus underscore the importance of motility in bacterial survival and pathogenesis.
Serious Ideas and Middle School Students

Abstract With support, young adolescents crave the challenge of learning about serious ideas through serious literature. Middle-level learners also enjoy opportunities to become immersed in activities that foster a deeper understanding of serious ideas. After discussing the value of using serious narrative literature, a rationale is provided for supporting its relevance to young adolescents. Then, pertinent materials and activities are presented for helping middle school students to be successful with serious narrative literature.
Precipitin system detected in sera from patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis.

A precipitin system detected by immunodiffusion was identified using sera from patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. This system resembled those described by other authors as serological tests for non-A, non-B antigens and antibodies. However, testing of sera from a large number of patients with acute and chronic liver diseases revealed that this precipitin system was not specific for non-A, non-B hepatitis. Further characterization of the precipitin system demonstrated that it did not represent a true antigen-antibody reaction. Precipitin lines detected by immunodiffusion during the course of acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis may not represent reactions specific for this disease.
Data mining a diabetic data warehouse

Diabetes is a major health problem in the United States. There is a long history of diabetic registries and databases with systematically collected patient information. We examine one such diabetic data warehouse, showing a method of applying data mining techniques, and some of the data issues, analysis problems, and results. The diabetic data warehouse is from a large integrated health care system in the New Orleans area with 30,383 diabetic patients. Methods for translating a complex relational database with time series and sequencing information to a flat file suitable for data mining are challenging. We discuss two variables in detail, a comorbidity index and the HgbA1c, a measure of glycemic control related to outcomes. We used the classification tree approach in Classification and Regression Trees (CART^(R)) with a binary target variable of HgbA1c >9.5 and 10 predictors: age, sex, emergency department visits, office visits, comorbidity index, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, end-stage renal disease. Unexpectedly, the most important variable associated with bad glycemic control is younger age, not the comorbiditity index or whether patients have related diseases. If we want to target diabetics with bad HgbA1c values, the odds of finding them is 3.2 times as high in those <6.5 years of age than those older. Data mining can discover novel associations that are useful to clinicians and administrators.
A double Fourier analysis development of THD for PWM inverters: A theoretical method for motor loss minimization

Many papers have been written analyzing losses in AC machines and also losses in inverters. A much smaller number of papers are available which discuss the combined loss effect of AC machines operated by inverters. In those papers, either experimental results or finite element analysis are used to investigate these loss effects. To develop a better understanding of the means by which these losses occur, and more importantly how they could then be minimized, a theoretical basis for this study is hereby presented in this paper. This paper presents an accurate theory from which calculations of traction motor losses, due to PWM power inverter harmonics, could be made. The relationships among harmonic amplitude, modulation index and frequency are demonstrated and compared in 3D graphs for SPWM operation, which is commonly used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Double Fourier analysis is used to theoretically decompose the output voltage and current of the SPWM inverter to each harmonic component. Finally, the total harmonic distortion (THD), which is the cause of the harmonic losses, versus modulation index will be summarized. Close agreement was found to exist between these theoretical results, simulation, and the experimental results of others.
The Revolution Continues: Resource Sharing and OCLC in the New Century

ABSTRACT The author explores the theory and practice of resource sharing in the OCLC cooperative. History of the OCLC Interlibrary Loan subsystem and subsequent developments through 2008 are reviewed, and prospects for the future are offered.
MAI-free performance of PMU-OFDM transceiver in time-variant environment

An approximately multi-user OFDM transceiver was introduced to reduce the multi-access interference (MAI ) due to the carrier frequency offset (CFO) to a negligible amount via precoding by Tsai, Lin and Kuo. In this work, we investigate the performance of this precoded multi-user (PMU) OFDM system in a time-variant channel environment. We analyze and compare the MAI effect caused by time-variant channels in the PMU-OFDM and the OFDMA systems. Generally speaking, the MAI effect consists of two parts. The first part is due to the loss of orthogonality among subchannels for all users while the second part is due to the CFO effect caused by the Doppler shift. Simulation results show that, although OFDMA outperforms the PMU-OFDM transceiver in a fast time-variant environment without CFO, PMU-OFDM outperforms OFDMA in a slow time-variant channel via the use of M/2 symmetric or anti-symmetric codewords of M Hadamard-Walsh codes.
Inhibition of Connective Tissue Proliferation by Dermal Extract

Following the subcutaneous injection of a water soluble dermal extract (DE) of neonatal rat skin into young adult male rats, depression of nuclear labeling (DNA synthesis) was observed in proliferating connective tissue in several wound sites. At 16–20 hr following DE injection, DNA synthesis was depressed most in back wounds (57–87%) and maxillary palatal wounds (45–68%), and least in ear wounds (24–29%). Epithelium in the wound margins of back, ear and palate did not show a similar depression in DE-injected animals. This study suggests that a chalone-like negative feedback mechanism may be partially responsible for in vivo control of fibroblastic proliferation in wound healing.
A diametric forces model of strategic change: Assessing the antecedents and consequences of restructuring in the higher education industry

This study examines the environmental and organizational forces, counter-forces, and performance consequences of strategic restructuring in the higher education industry. The study proposes a diametric forces model to address the conflicting pressures for strategic change faced by these organizations, and uses extensive longitudinal data spanning the last two decades to examine the ways in which restructuring has been used as a successful adaptive response. The results suggest that, contrary to ecological predictions, restructuring is a predictable, common, and performance-enhancing response to changing environmental conditions. The study concludes by discussing the applicability of its findings for research on corporate restructuring and strategic change.
The effect of a nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, on the release of acetylcholine from the in vitro cat carotid body

The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of a nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on the release of acetylcholine (ACh), an essential excitatory neurotransmitter, from the in vitro cat carotid body (CB). Bilateral CBs were harvested from five deeply anesthetized cats according to the regulations contained in the policies of the Johns Hopkins Animal Care and Use Committee. After recovering from the surgical procedures for extraction and cleaning, the CBs were taken through a 15-step protocol in which they were exposed to a hyperoxic gas mixture (40% O2/5% CO2; 20 min), then a hypoxic gas mixture (6% O2/5% CO2; 20 min), and a final 10 min hyperoxic mixture. This sequence was applied twice, followed by the same sequence in the presence, first, of 5 microM SNP, and secondly in the presence of 10 microM SNP. After washing and a recovery period the CBs were again exposed to the gases as in the first two non-SNP trials. The SNP exposures significantly reduced the overall release of ACh by about 20% (P=0.039). Further, SNP significantly reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in ACh release (without SNP: 82.4+/-19.1 fmol/20 microL versus with SNP: 49.7+/-15.0 fmol/20 microL; mean+/-S.E.M.; P=0.032). Trials #1 and #2 which preceded the application of SNP and Trial #3 which followed SNP were statistically indistinguishable. The CBs had recovered their original status. The data support the hypothesis that the frequently reported NO-induced reduction in CB neural output during hypoxia is at least in part due to the reduction in ACh release. The results are consistent with a previous report in which l-arginine, an NO precursor, had the same reducing effect. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Planning Forward by Looking Backward: Retrospective Thinking in Strategic Decision Making*

Retrospective thinking occurs whenever one remembers something from the past, but one can also think retrospectively about hypothetical future events, by imagining that the event has already transpired and then working backward in the mind from the future toward the present. Designers, artists, planners, and other creative individuals utilize retrospective thinking when they mentally envision the object they wish to create and then thinkabout how it might be constructed. Some theorists and some previous research have suggested that forward and backward thinking are different cognitive processes, but there has been little investigation on the nature of these differences. This article examines the literature and describes a laboratory study designed to investigate retrospective thinking as a technique for increased idea generation. Subjects (n=64) were professional planners and managers with an average business experience of over 20 years. In a planning task, significantly more ideas were generated in the retrospective thinking mode than in the prospective mode, but the ideas were not found to be of greater quality. Evidence emerged that a subset of subjects were better able to make use of the retrospective technique, suggesting that selection along with training may be appropriate for the technique's mosteffective use.
Maslow and Miller: An Exploration of Gender and Affiliation in the Journey to Competence.

This article shows that although neither Abraham Maslow nor Jean Baker Miller reference each other in their writings, they are following different paths to the same conclusion: competence proceeds from connection. Miller and Maslow both describe a developmental model that applies equally to women and men. The conclusion of the authors of this article is that there is no need for separate developmental models for men and women because all self-actualization and optimum mental health evolves from affiliation.
Examination of the itch response from the raphides of the fishtail palm Caryota mitis.

SNYDER, D. S., HATFIELD, G. M., AND LAMPE, K. F. (1979). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 48, 287-292. The raphides in the mature fruit of the fishtail palm Curyota mitis Lour. were isolated by mechanical separation. These were shown by X-ray crystal analysis to be calcium oxalate monohydrate (Whewellite). The application of an aqueous suspension of the raphides to intact human skin results in an immediate, severe itch sensation. An investigation of this phenomenon appears to indicate that this is due solely to a mechanical action of the calcium oxalate needle and not to the previously postulated action of organic toxins or enzymes introduced through the skin by the penetrating action of the raphides.
Response to tumor necrosis factor in two cases of psoriasis

A 70-year-old woman was treated for renal cell carcinoma with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor, 450,000 U/m2 of body surface area, daily for 5 days, once a month. She had had psoriasis for 25 years. After two courses of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor her psoriasis resolved. A 40-year-old man with severe psoriasis was subsequently treated with a total of seven complete and incomplete 5-day courses of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor at doses of 50,000 to 300,000 U/m2/day. Significant toxicity (fever, chills, hypertension, and hypotension) was encountered. Partial resolution of the lesions was seen. Tumor necrosis factor is an active agent in psoriasis.
Wood Members Strengthened with Mechanically Fastened FRP Strips

The demand for a rapid technique to strengthen existing wood bridge structural elements is evident in military and civilian sectors. An experimental program was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of increasing the flexural strength of Southern Pine wood members using mechanically fastened fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strips. Three control specimens and twelve composite members were fabricated using two FRP material types with varying fastener spacing and tested to failure. The experimental results show that the proposed strengthening technique induced a gradual failure of the composite members and increased ultimate moment, initial stiffness, and ductility over that found for the control specimens. Increased fastener spacing decreased member ultimate moment, initial stiffness, and ductility ratio. The moisture content of the wood material greatly affected the ductility ratio of the wood members.
Isolation effect based on digit composition of numbers and its stability

Forty Ss were given a serial-learning task involving 10 three-place numbers. The sixth item either had similar digit composition or was isolated by having a different digit composition. A strong and stable isolation effect was observed. The isolation effect was interpreted as being due to a lesser degree of formal similarity, and its stability to the absence of spread of isolation effect.
Toxicology of hexamethylphosphoric triamide in rats and rabbits.

Hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HEMPA), an insect chemosterilant, was tested for acute and chronic toxicity in rats and rabbits. In rabbits, the estimated dermal LD50 was 2600 mg/kg. Clinical signs of systemic toxicity preceding death included alterations of nervous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. Repeated application of HEMPA at 100 or 500 mg/kg to the skin of rabbits caused dose-related weight loss, altered gastrointestinal function and produced apparent nervous system dysfunction. Administration of HEMPA to rats at 50 (oral toxicity study) and 10 (reproductive study) mg/kg resulted in exacerbation of the chronic murine pneumonia complex when compared to lower-dosed and control animals. Morphologic differences in the oral toxicity study included imbibition of minimal amounts of proteinaceous material into renal tubular epithelium and increased splenic extramedullary hematopoietic activity in animals given 50 mg/kg when compared to control, 2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg treated rats. No other compound-related pathologic or morphologic change was present in other tissues examined including the reproductive organs. No teratologic or unequivocal change that could be attributed directly to the compound was observed in the fertility, gestation, live birth, or lactation indices following administration of HEMPA at 2 or 10 mg/kg/day for a total of 169 days during which time the first (F1A) of 3 filial sets of pups were produced. Also, the reproductive activity and function of the offspring were normal.
How do lithophile elements occur in organic association in bituminous coals

In some bituminous coals, typically of high-volatile bituminous rank, certain lithophile trace elements (e.g. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, etc.) often have surprisingly high organic affinities, defined as the fraction of the element reporting to the predominantly organic product (float fraction) in coal-cleaning tests. Examination of these elements in float fractions using XAFS spectroscopy reveals a spectral signature that is incompatible with the mineralogical occurrences of the element that are typically observed for the element in tailings fractions. The spectral signatures for Cr and Zr in float fractions appear similar to those obtained from precipitates from aqueous solution that have been heated at relatively low-temperatures. Such precipitates tend to be poorly crystallized oxides or hydroxides and to have small particle sizes, typically in the 2–10 nm range. However, the corresponding XANES signature for Ti appears more like that from organo-Ti4+ complexes. Further, it has been observed that the XANES spectra for Cr in a float fraction and in the corresponding low-temperature ash (LTA) are not significantly different, whereas the XANES spectra for Ti in the float fraction and the LTA are different as a result of ashing. We interpret these observations as indicating that these lithophile elements are at different stages in the transition from carboxyl-bound ions to small particle oxide or hydroxide minerals, as a consequence of maceral ion-exchange sites that have undergone decarboxylation during coalification. Closed or isolated porosity of the macerals then prevents significant migration of the liberated inorganic species and their incorporation into larger mineral grains, leaving them as basically poorly crystalline nano-sized oxides or hydroxides.
Visualizing Human Factors and Ergonomics Publications: Word clouds and Word networks

Objective: This paper explores the strengths and limits of word clouds and word networks in visualizing the field of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE). Background: Large volumes of textual data present unique analysis and visualization challenges. Visualization techniques must balance the need to make graphics engaging, accessible, and informative. Method: The analysis considers 11,911 abstracts from two decades of papers published in 11 HFE journals. A common graphical representation of text data—word clouds—is compared with word networks. Results: Word clouds and word networks both highlight important terms of HFE, but word networks provide additional information regarding the sematic structure of the field. Restyling what has become known as the “mullet of the internet” could make a valuable contribution to analyzing textual data. Conclusion: Like other visualization techniques that convey complex relationships, word networks offer more insight than word clouds, but at the cost of being less accessible than simple word clouds. Application: Word networks offer a promising alternative to word clouds by providing a more complete view of textual data.
Persistent effects after camphor ingestion: a case report and literature review

Abstract Background Camphor is a well-known toxin responsible for thousands of poisonings per year. It can be found in many over-the-counter remedies and illegally imported substances. The toxidrome manifests within minutes and includes gastrointestinal, neurologic, pulmonary, and cardiac effects. Severe ingestions may progress to seizures, apnea, and coma. Most individuals are no longer symptomatic outside the 24–48 h window, but physiologic derangement may persist for far longer in some instances. Case Report This is a case report of a 25-year-old Guatemalan woman with no past medical history who ingested a cube of camphor for a facial rash. She presented to the Emergency Department with persistent delirium and headache 6 days after ingestion. She had a protracted recovery but returned to her baseline state of health 19 days after ingestion. Why Should An Emergency Physician Be Aware Of This? Persistent toxic effects of camphor are not well described, and most sources state that the toxidrome resolves in 24–48 h. Given the frequency of camphor poisoning, it is crucial to increase public awareness of camphor toxicity, to understand the biological mechanism of the effects, and to develop more targeted treatments. From the emergency physician's perspective, it is important to realize that toxic effects of camphor poisoning may persist far beyond the 24–48 h window and require attention.
Effects of three-particle collisions on collision-induced light scattering

We present a classical dynamical approach to determine the effects of three-particle collisions on collision-induced light scattering. An expression for the effects is derived as a function of temperature, frequency shift, and the mean time between collisions. Application to argon shows that the effects are important over a wide range of the frequency shift when the mean time is ≈ 10−13 s and temperature is low (<25°C).
Perspective displays for three-dimensional finite difference calculations

Abstract A new technique has been developed for the presentation of data obtained in three-dimensional finite difference calculations. The technique consists of an especially simple and efficient method for the generation of perspective pictures with hidden lines removed. These pictures may contain distributions of marker particles, velocity vectors, contour lines, streak-lines, etc., in relation to an array of prismatically shaped obstacles. With this technique the gross features of many complex three-dimensional problems can be readily understood.
Imaging of frontal sinus disease

Imaging of the frontal sinus is an integral part of patient evaluation. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) imaging is the preferred modality for evaluation of sinus inflammatory disease. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in differentiating tumors from inflammatory diseases and serves as a problem-solving tool.
Confrontation responses of normal and tumorous cells in culture

Abstract 1. 1. A line of normal rat fibroblasts (NRF) was established and a diploid clone was obtained (NRF-C-1). NRF-C-1 cells grew in parallel array as monolayers in tissue culture and did not form tumors on inoculation into isologous newborn rats. 2. 2. NRF-C-1 was co-cultured with an established rat fibrosarcoma line, W-319, which was aneuploid and grew in random array forming dense colonies in tissue culture. When colonies of W-319 and NRF-C-1 were grown adjacent to each other in the same tissue culture tube, “nodules” formed in the periphery of W-319 colonies at the point of confrontation between the W-319 and NRF-C-1 colonies. These “nodules”, which were never found in the non-confluent co-cultures or in control cultures of either cell line, appeared to result from an inhibition of movement of W-319 cells into confluent sheets of NRF-C 1 cells and a subsequent retraction and piling up of W-319 cells. These “nodules” increased in size with time suggesting that there was not an inhibition of division of W-319 cells. 3. 3. After 22 months in culture, NRF-C-1 cultures spontaneously transformed in vitro. A tissue culture line, TNRF, was established from the primary tumor induced by inoculations of the oncogenically transformed NRF-C-1 line. TNRF did not induce “nodule” formation when cocultured with W-319. 4. 4. Other combinations of isologous and non-isologous tumorous and non-tumorous rat cell lines were co-cultured with NRF-C-1 and W-319. No “nodule” formation was observed in cocultures of any other combination of cell lines.
Ehlers-danlos syndrome

Summary A case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome presenting the typical symptoms of hyperelasticity and hyperlaxity of the skin, fragility of the skin and blood vessels, and hyperflexibility of the joints is reported.
Industrial energy conservation: The reasons behind the decisions

Abstract We discuss the results of a statewide (Georgia) survey of industry to investigate the factors which influence business decision makers to proceed with energy conservation investments. The objectives of the research were, first, to determine whether energy-conservation investment decisions are made along classically rational lines (using some form of discounted cash flow analysis), and second, suspecting the answer to be no to the first question, to identify and understand the true factors. This research focused on 156 firms, which had extensive plant energy audits over the four years, 1978–1982. Through individual computer-tailored questionnaires, extensive data were collected on plant and company demographics, management structure, attitudes and decision-making procedures, plant responses to specific energy audit recommendations, and planned energy conservation investments. We found that conventional investment analysis does not explain the energy-conservation activities. Fewer than a quarter of the 345 recommendations made to the audited firms were substantially carried out, and less than half were even partially carried out. Although the recommendations were cost-justified by the audit team, the most often cited reasons offered by the firms for not implementing the recommendations involved the costs of the projects. While the uses of analytic decision making techniques, judgemental techniques, and joint analytic-judgemental techniques were about evenly distributed among firms, there was no relation between techniques used and recommendations adopted. In fact, plant size, industry, financial health, energy intensity, energy cost forecasts, and whether the firms could pass through energy costs to customers did not significantly explain compliance with recommendations. However, low cost and housekeeping recommendations, which could be implemented at the plant level without top management involvement, did tend to get done. We conclude that while energy conservation decision making does not follow the classically rational discounted cash flow approach, neither is it (actively) irrational. Rather, due to low priority and low visibility, energy conservation is neglected by top management. In many firms, it is not a question of good or bad decisions but of no decisions at all.