cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Operation and analysis of an improved transformerless unified power flow controller

In this paper, operation and analysis for an improved transformer-less unified power flow controller (UPFC) is presented. As is well known, the conventional UPFC that consists of two back-to-back inverters requires bulky and often complicated zigzag transformers for isolation and reaching high power rating with desired voltage waveforms. To overcome this problem, a completely transformer-less UPFC based on an innovative configuration of two cascade multilevel inverters (CMIs) has been proposed in [1]. Although the new transformerless UPFC offers several advantages over the traditional technology, such as transformer-less, light weight, high efficiency, low cost and fast dynamic response, its performance has been limited for some operation points and in some scenarios, the rating of the transformer-less UPFC suffers a lot. In light of this, an improved transformer-less UPFC is proposed in this paper. The benefits of the improved UPFC include, besides the advantages of transformer-less UPFC already possessed, same functionality of original structure, no more hardware needed, more flexible operation and less converter rating. This paper presents rating analysis and operation principle for this new transformer-less T-shape UPFC (TUPFC).
A precision metric for clinical genome sequencing

A requisite precondition for the application of next-generation sequencing to clinical medicine is the ability to confidently call genotype at each coding/splicing position of every gene of interest. Current gold standard technologies, such as Sanger sequencing and microarrays, allow confident identification of the genomic origin of the DNA of interest. A commonly used minimum standard for the adoption of new technology in medicine is non-inferiority. We developed a metric to quantify the extent to which current sequencing technologies reach this clinical grade reporting standard. This metric, the rationale for which we present here, is defined as the absolute number of base pairs per gene not callable with confidence, as specified by the presence of 20 high quality (Q20) bases from uniquely mapped (mapq>0) reads per locus. To illustrate the utility of this metric, we apply it across data from several commercially available clinical sequencing products. We present specific examples of coverage for genes known to be important for clinical medicine. We derive data from a variety of platforms including whole genome sequencing (Illumina Hiseq and X chemistry) and exome capture (including medically optimized capture from Agilent, Baylor Clinical Lab, and Personalis). We observe that compared to whole genomes (with ~30x average coverage), augmented exomes perform far better for known disease causing genes, but less well for other genes and in untranslated regions. Increasing whole genome coverage improves this discrepancy with an average coverage of ~45x representing the cross over point where performance equals that of exome capture for disease causing genes. A combination of some genome-wide coverage and augmented exon coverage may offer the most cost effective solution for clinical grade genome sequencing today. In summary, this coverage metric provides transparency regarding the current state of next-generation sequencing for clinical medicine and will inform genotype interpretation, technology improvement, and sequencing platform choices for physicians and laboratories. We provide an application on precision.fda.gov (Coverage of Key Genes app) to calculate this metric.
Application of computational methods in genetic study of inflammatory bowel disease

Genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The launch of genome-wide association study (GWAS) represents a landmark in the genetic study of human complex disease. Concurrently, computational methods have undergone rapid development during the past a few years, which led to the identification of numerous disease susceptibility loci. IBD is one of the successful examples of GWAS and related analyses. A total of 163 genetic loci and multiple signaling pathways have been identified to be associated with IBD. Pleiotropic effects were found for many of these loci; and risk prediction models were built based on a broad spectrum of genetic variants. Important gene-gene, gene-environment interactions and key contributions of gut microbiome are being discovered. Here we will review the different types of analyses that have been applied to IBD genetic study, discuss the computational methods for each type of analysis, and summarize the discoveries made in IBD research with the application of these methods.
Search and measurement of the B → μμ rare processes with LHC Run I data

Abstract The decays B s 0 → μ + μ − and B 0 → μ + μ − are highly suppressed in the standard model constituting sensitive probes of new physics. We present the results of a search for these rare decays in proton-proton collisions using the full data sample collected by the CMS experiment during LHC Run I. Through a fit to the dimuon invariant-mass spectrum, an excess of events with respect to the background is observed, compatible with the B s 0 ( B 0 ) signal with a significance of 4.3 (2.0) standard deviations (σ). The measured branching fractions are B ( B s 0 → μ + μ − ) = ( 3.0 − 0.9 + 1.0 ) × 10 − 9 and B ( B 0 → μ + μ − ) = ( 3.5 − 1.8 + 2.1 ) × 10 − 10 . The combination of the CMS and LHCb results, using their full Run I data samples, yield an event excess compatible with the B s 0 ( B 0 ) signal with a significance in excess of 6 σ ( 3 σ ) . The ongoing and projected accelerator and detector upgrades will allow to establish and to carry out precision measurements of both rare decays, and explore novel observables with further sensitivity to new physics effects.
Pott's Puffy Tumor in a 12-year-old boy.

DR. TIANJIANG YE: A 12-year-old boy with a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and asthma was referred from an outside facility for evaluation of a headache and an abnormal head CT scan. The patient was playing soccer 3 days prior to presentation when he was elbowed by an opposing player in the forehead, just above his left eyebrow. The patient denied any loss of consciousness but subsequently developed intermittent headaches, nausea, and malaise, which became progressively worse over the next few days. A review of systems was negative for visual changes, weakness, numbness, tingling, nuchal rigidity, or vomiting. His mother reported he had an upper respiratory infection approximately 2 weeks prior to presentation, and he continued to have some congestion. The mother also noted swelling above the left supraorbital ridge where he was elbowed, and the patient was brought to an urgent care clinic three days later for evaluation of ongoing headaches and inability to concentrate at school. A CT scan of his brain was obtained at the outside facility and he was noted to have a focal lucency in the left frontal region of his brain concerning for a subdural hematoma. He was transferred to the Hasbro Children’s Hospital ED for further evaluation and management. At triage, the patient ‘s blood pressure was 116/71 mm Hg, pulse 106 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 22, temperature of 100.4 F, and pulse oximetry of 100% on room air. The patient appeared well and was cooperative and able to answer questions appropriately. He had a moderate area of focal swelling over his left supraorbital ridge with mild tenderness to palpation. His extraocular movements were intact and painless. Pupils were equal and reactive. His neurological exam, including cranial nerve, sensory, motor, reflex, cerebellar, and gait was normal. His nasal mucosa was moist and he had mild turbinate hypertrophy and tenderness to palpation over his frontal sinus. He did not have any nuchal rigidity or lymphadenopathy. His heart, lung and abdominal exam were unremarkable and his extremities were warm and well perfused. The remainder of the exam was unremarkable.
Serum albumin predicts survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating malignancy with incidence varying by geography and other risk factors. Rapid progression of disease and delays in diagnosis restrict the number of patients eligible for curative therapy. The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors of overall survival in all patients presenting with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS All adult patients with histologically confirmed hilar cholangiocarcinoma from 2003 to 2013 were evaluated for predictors of survival using demographic factors, laboratory data, symptoms and radiological characteristics at presentation. RESULTS A total of 116 patients were identified to have pathological diagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and were included in the analysis. Patients with a serum albumin level >3.0 g/dL (P 3.0 g/dL was identified as an independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio 0.31; 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.70) with a survival benefit of 44 weeks. CONCLUSION This study was the largest analysis to date of prognostic factors in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. A serum albumin level >3.0 g/dL conferred an independent survival advantage with a significantly greater length of survival.
National Survey of State Children’s Mental Health Directors: Current Status and Future Directions

State agencies play a critical role in addressing the mental health needs of children and youth. Significant changes underway throughout the nation at the federal and state levels have led to questions about the role of state children’s mental health (CMH) agencies and the effects of these changes on children’s services. The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of state offices for CMH with regard to structure and responsibilities and to identify what state CMH directors express as opportunities and challenges for CMH at the state level. CMH directors or their representatives from 46 states, 1 US territory, and D.C. completed an online survey developed to address the specific aims of this study. Findings highlight the importance of a strong state structure to support CMH and opportunities for reform and system change, particularly related to the Affordable Care Act and expansion of Systems of Care.
From Chip to Cloud: Optical Interconnects in Engineered Systems

The high-performance server compute landscape is changing. The traditional model of building general-purpose enterprise compute boxes that end-users can configure with storage and networking to assemble their desired compute environments, has evolved to purpose-built systems optimized for specific applications. This tight integration of hardware and software components together with high-density midboard optical modules and an optical backplane allows for unprecedented levels of switching and compute efficiencies and has fueled the penetration of optical interconnects deep “inside the box,” particularly for switch scale-up. We briefly review earlier 40 G/port switching systems based on active optical cables, and present our newest system: An all-optically-interconnected 100 G/port 8.2 Tb/s InfiniBand packet switch ASIC with 41 ports running 100 Gb/s per port interconnected by 12-channel midboard optical transceivers with 25 Gb/s per channel per direction of optical I/O. Using a blind-mate optical backplane, these components enable systems with up to 50 Tb/s bandwidth in a 2U standard rack mount configuration with industry-leading density, efficiency, and latency. For even tighter co-integration of optical interconnects with switch and processor ASICs, we discuss photonic multichip module and interposer packaging technologies that will further improve system energy efficiencies and overcome impending system I/O bottlenecks.
Air Traffic Flow Control Systems: Modelling and Evaluation

Abstract Some mathematical models for supporting the development of semi/ fully automated air traffic control systems are discussed. Particularly, the flow control problem is approached as a constrained optimization problem on a multicommodity network. The proposed mathematical model, by means of a suitable time discretization, is initially changed into a “static” one. Then a multicommodity algorithm, based on the resource directive decomposition method, is used for the actual computation of the optimal flow in the network. The method is evaluated from the point of view of its practical implementation and its capability to take into account the peculiar aspects of the problem. An application, relative to the Rome air traffic control region, is discussed.
Living Lean: Jackson and Wyatt Learn to Share

This case is part of the "Living Lean" series, which presents accessible, everyday scenarios for a Lean process-improvement journey. In this episode on process analysis, a working mom helps her two boys devise a process for resolving disputes. Excerpt UVA-OM-1464 Rev. Nov. 26, 2013 Living Lean: JACKSON AND WYATT LEARN TO sharE Rebecca, a 2003 graduate of the MBA program at the Darden School of Business, had two boys: Jackson, who was eight years old, and Wyatt, who was six years old. The two brothers were kids with tons of enthusiasm. They worked hard in school and played equally hard at home. After returning from after-school care in the evenings, they practiced various martial arts skills together for hours. Often, the boys both wanted to do the same thing at the same time, whether it was resting in the hammock, playing with a basketball, or drawing with a particular green marker. After a few shouts of “Mine!” and “No, I want it!” one boy would escalate the altercation by practicing a martial arts skill a little too hard. As a result, Rebecca frequently found herself settling disputes that she felt they ought to resolve independently. Illustrations by Michael Twery. . . .
The Euler-Lagrange Equations and Characteristics

In the preceding chapter, we considered the problem of minimizing the functional $$J\left( y \right) = \int\limits_0^t {L\left[ {x\left( t \right), y\left( t \right)} \right] dt}$$ (1) subject to relations of the form $$frac{{d{{x}_{i}}}}{{dt}} = {{g}_{i}}\left( {x, y} \right), {{x}_{i}}\left( 0 \right) = {{c}_{i}}, i = l, 2, ..., n,$$ (2) where x and y represent the n-tuples (x1, x2, …, xn), (y1, y2, …, yn).
Generation Xers’ performance and development in midlife transition

Midlife transition is an inevitable process that every adult faces during his or her life. As Generation Xers move into middle age, the field of human resource development (HRD) should keep pace wi...
Egg Flats and Pallets Disinfection with Heat Treatment

Sanitation of egg flats and pallets may be done by heating them up above 130 oF and maintaining the high temperature for a period of time (e.g., 6-8 h). To assess the heating performance of a newly built heat treatment room at a commercial layer farm in wintertime (December) in Iowa, temperature of room air and inside the stacked pallets and flats were monitored during the heating process. Preliminary results show that directing heat more toward the floor improved the room heating effect greatly; the room air and pallet stacks temperature reached the target zone (130-140oF) 30 min and 4 h after starting the heater, respectively. The temperature of flat stacks did not reach the target temperature zone due to larger volume and heat resistance as compared to the pallet stacks. Findings of this study provide basis to improve the design of the heat treatment system for disinfecting the egg flats and pallets for commercial laying hen farms.
Hope and mealtime insulin boluses are associated with depressive symptoms and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Adherence to treatment regimen is associated with improved glycemic control and is particularly problematic during adolescence for those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Both glycemic control and adherence may be negatively impacted by poor psychological outcomes in adolescence, such as depressive symptoms and low hopefulness. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between the mealtime insulin bolus score (BOLUS), a more robust proxy measure of adherence than frequency of blood glucose monitoring or self-report, with depressive symptoms, hope, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Ninety adolescents completed measures of hope (Children's Hope Scale) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), as well as lab-based measures of HbA1c and mealtime insulin bolus scores (BOLUS). Higher levels of hope were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, more frequent mealtime insulin boluses, and better glycemic control. Higher levels of BOLUS behavior were associated with lower depressive symptoms and better glycemic control. Both BOLUS behavior and hope independently and significantly impacted the relationship between depressive symptoms and HbA1c, suggesting a possible mediation. Since hope and BOLUS were each associated with the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control, following confirmation of this relationship in a longitudinal study, clinics may consider measuring hope and BOLUS among youth with high depressive symptoms and further investigating BOLUS behavior and hope as potential intervention targets to improve glycemic control.
Molecular Dynamics Study of the Phase Diagram of Silver Iodide

Molecular dynamics studies have been carried out to investigate structural phase transformations in AgI as the temperature is lowered below the superionic transition temperature of ≈ 420 K while holding the pressure constant at selected values. Upon lowering the temperature for pressures below 0.27 GPa the system always transformed from the superionic phase, α-AgI, into the wurtzite phase, β-AgI. Starting from the superionic phase and lowering the temperature at the pressures of 0.28, 0.29, 0.30, and 0.31 GPa, we obtained various polytypes of the same hexagonality as has been reported experimentally. At pressures above 0.32 GPa the structure obtained upon temperature lowering was always the rocksalt form of AgI in agreement with previous simulations and experiments. At pressures between 0.31 and 0.32 GPa the system did not transform but underwent sluggish distortions among unrecognizable structures over the entire time of the simulation. This “frustration” of the system near the polytype/rocksalt phase boundary may be associated with the, so called, intermediate phase mentioned in the literature.
Oxygen production and use in benthic mats of solar salt ponds

The benthic mat in the ponds of solar salt producers is important because as a beneficial effect, the mat reduces loss of brine from the field, but it unfortunately also supports species which can have a serious detrimental effect on the halite crystallisation process. Anaerobic and aerobic activity of the mat which is thought to be a significant factor in the management of the salt field is not quantified by traditional monitoring methods. A method of measuring the generation of oxygen from benthic algal mats, tested in the north west of Western Australia at three solar salt fields has been developed to estimate the benthic primary production in solar salt fields. Net oxygen production peaks at approximately 1 g m over a 24 hour period for saltfields in the north-west of Western Australia. There was a significant linear relationship between production and salinity with production decreasing with increasing salinity. Maximum production was 100 mmol O2 m -2 day and the minimum was -11 mmol O2 m -2 day. The average oxygen production in ponds with a normal salinity within the range of 115-250 g l was 13 mmol O2 m -2 day. The relationship between dissolved oxygen demand at night versus salinity was not significant.
Beyond the Status Quo: Catalyzing Sustainability in the Arts

Art enriches life and is an integral part of human existence. Art will always survive, but it will only thrive if we understand that it is more than an “afterthought” or “extra.” It will flourish in the incubator of “sustainable development,” in which art is situated within a broad context of exploration, exchange, and discovery. I would like to highlight two projects which I directed between 2008 and 2010, as well as some key programmatic and sponsorship ingredients, which reveal the dynamic role art plays in our lives through interdisciplinary study and shared experiences.
Scaling of a Singularity of Euler

Self-similar scaling in the collapse of perturbed anti-parallel vortex tubes towards a singularity of the three-dimensional, incompressible Euler equations is shown. Histograms of the normalized β-strain have a sharp peak at a positive value of about 0.4.
Training Heritage Students for Managing in Emerging Markets: The Case of Business in Israel in the United States

With economic opportunities growing in emerging markets, an increasing number of diaspora members living in industrialized countries are considering returning to their former homelands where they may pursue careers as managers or entrepreneurs. Gillespie et al (1999) in fact suggest that “as international migration and market liberalization expand globally, homeland investment by diaspora businesses and entrepreneurs may become a significant category of foreign investment”. In addition, a growing number of foreign governments are actively encouraging emigrants to consider returning to their former homelands (Waldman 2003). As a result of these trends, diaspora members are increasingly being drawn to learning more about the business environment in their former homelands. This paper describes my experience teaching a course about the business environment in Israel (“Israel course”) over a five-year period at the University of Texas at Austin from 1996-2001. The involvement of both government and industry played an important role in the success of the course. This paper provides guidance to educators about creating this type of course for other emerging markets. The success of the Israel course at the University of Texas at Austin is proof that courses targeting heritage groups can be successful and serve as a valuable source of training for managers and entrepreneurs who could be living in the future in emerging markets.
Connecting Youth and Young Adults to Optimize Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence (YouTHrive): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Despite intensive efforts to engage people living with HIV in the United States, less than half of the youth aged 13 to 24 years achieve viral suppression. There is a clear and continued need for innovative behavioral programs that support optimizing adherence among young persons with HIV. Objective There are 3 phases of this project. Phase 1 involves conducting focus groups to obtain feedback from youth about an existing technology-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence intervention. Phase 2 will be used to conduct beta testing with youth to refine and finalize the YouTHrive (YT) intervention. Phase 3 is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the efficacy of the YT intervention among youth living with HIV (YLWH). Methods In phase 1, we will conduct 6 focus groups with approximately 8 youths (aged 15-19 years) and young adults (aged 20-24 years), each in 3 US cities to obtain (1) feedback from YLWH about the look and feel and content of an existing adult-focused Web-based ART adherence intervention and (2) suggestions for adapting the intervention for YLWH similar to themselves. Phase 2 will involve updating the existing intervention to include features and functionality recommended by YLWH in phase 1; it will conclude with beta testing with 12 participants to gain feedback on the overall design and ensure proper functionality and ease of navigation. For phase 3, we will enroll 300 YLWH in 6 US cities (Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Tampa) into a 2-arm prospective RCT. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to YT intervention or control group. The randomization sequence will be stratified by city and use random permuted blocks of sizes 2 and 4. Participants randomized to the control condition will view a weekly email newsletter on topics related to HIV, with the exception of ART adherence, for 5 months. Participants randomized to the YT intervention condition will be given access to the YT site for 5 months. Study assessments will occur at enrollment and 5, 8, and 11 months post enrollment. The primary outcome that will be assessed is sustained viral load (VL), defined as the proportion of participants in each study arm who have suppressed VL at both the 5- and 11-month assessment; the secondary outcome that will be assessed is suppressed VL at both the 5- and 11-month assessment between drug-using and nondrug-using participants assigned to the YT intervention arm. Results Participant recruitment began in May 2017 for phase 1 of the study. The data collection for aim 3 is anticipated to end in April 2020. Conclusions The efficacy trial of the YT intervention will help to fill gaps in understanding the efficacy of mobile interventions to improve ART adherence among at-risk populations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03149757; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03149757 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/73pw57Cf1). International registered report identifier (irrid) DERR1-10.2196/11502.
Near-Feasible Stable Matchings with Couples.

The National Resident Matching program seeks a stable matching of medical students to teaching hospitals. With couples, stable matchings need not exist. Nevertheless, for any student preferences, we show that each instance of a matching problem has a "nearby" instance with a stable matching. The nearby instance is obtained by perturbing the capacities of the hospitals. In this perturbation, aggregate capacity is never reduced and can increase by at most four. The capacity of each hospital never changes by more than two.
International Information Systems Management

In this chapter, the basic issues of international information systems (IS) management are introduced. The chapter discusses the characteristics of computer-based information systems (CBIS) and the benefits they will bring to the firm. It elaborates on the IS applications that enable the firm to link with its suppliers, customers, and other organizations, including the government. These include supply chain management (SCM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), and electronic data interchange (EDI), as well as the use of the Internet. The chapter explores the ramifications of internationalization on the IS function in the firm. It examines various IS options and suggests the alternatives available to MNCs. Also, in this chapter, we learn about the impact of information technology (IT) on MNC operations. Based on the MNCs’ requirements and the environmental limitations that they experience, this chapter makes several suggestions for the deployment of specific IS. Finally, the impact of the internationalization of the firm on the chief information officer’s (CIO’s) responsibilities and duties is discussed.
Evaluating the Utility of Intralipid Infusion to Improve Live Birth Rates in Patients with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss or Recurrent Implantation Failure.

Context: Intralipid is used to improve clinical outcomes in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or recurrent implantation failure (RIF) with elevated natural killer (NK) cells. Data supporting this practice is conflicting but suggestive of minimal benefit. Aims: The aims of this study are to determine if intralipid infusion improves live birth rates and if is a cost-effective therapy in the RPL/RIF population. Settings and Design: This was a large REI private practice, retrospective cohort study. Subjects and Methods: Charts of 127 patients who received intralipid from 2012 to 2015 were reviewed and compared to historical control data. T-tests and Chi-square analyses evaluated demographics and cycle statistics. Chi-square analyses assessed impact on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Cost analysis was performed from societal perspective with a one-way sensitivity analysis. Results: Patients with live births were noted to have a higher average number of previous live births and were more likely to have had a frozen embryo transfer in the intralipid cycle in comparison to those with unsuccessful pregnancy outcomes. Neither clinical pregnancy nor live birth rates were significantly improved from baseline rates quoted in the literature (P = 0.12 and 0.80, respectively). Intralipid increased costs by $681 per live birth. If live birth rates were >40% using intralipid and
Synthesis of a difluorophosphonomethyl-containing phosphatase inhibitor designed from the X-ray structure of a PTP1B-bound ligand

Abstract Protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitors are potentially valuable pharmacological tools for studying cellular signal transduction and for therapeutic intervention. Small peptides containing the non-hydrolyzable phosphotyrosyl mimetic difluorophosphonomethyl phenylalanine (F2Pmp) have been shown to be extremely potent PTP inhibitors, with the fluorines increasing inhibitory potency 1000-fold relative to the unfluorinated species. The high PTP affinity of the phosphonodifluoromethyl pharmacophore has allowed the preparation of small molecule inhibitors containing this moiety, which lack any peptide component. The X-ray structure of one such inhibitor. 2-difluoromethylnaphthylphosphonic acid (6) complexed to the catalytic site of PTP1B has recently been solved. Computer assisted molecular modelling of this complex indicates that enhanced binding interactions may result by introduction of hydroxyl functionality onto the naphthalene ring system. Herein is reported the synthesis of one such inhibitor 1,1-difluoro-1-[2-(4-hydroxynaphthalenyl)]methyl¦phosphonic acid (7), which is prepared in 12 steps from commercially available 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene. The synthetic approach relies on selective hydroxyl protection and Pd-catalyzed carbonylation to introduce functionality which is subsequently elaborated into the difluorophosphonate structure. The techniques reported herein may be applicable to the preparation of other PTP inhibitors.
Delight in Disorder: Palladio, Boyle, and the Evolution of an Aesthetic

Robert Boyle's adaptation of Andrea Palladio's Villa Rotunda, or Villa Capra, is emblematic of an evolution in English aesthetics during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Boyle's Chiswick House closely imitates many features of the Villa Capra, but it also consciously departs from the rigorous principles of symmetry that characterized its predecessor. The resulting adaptation included intentional irregularities and unbalanced elements that placed nature and artifice in tension with each other. While Palladio insisted that architectural beauty was informed by principles of symmetry, proportion, and classical order, Boyle believed that a natural "disorder" -less formal but still highly wrought-was aesthetically preferable. This belief takes material form not only in the design of Chiswick House but also in the developing theory of landscape gardening and even of poetic expression during the period. Examining the ways in which Boyle both imitates and departs from Palladio's architectural practices enables one to understand a larger aesthetic movement in England that championed the combination of "natural" design with more classically "artificial" principles of construction.
Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interactions in the Biogenesis of Mitochondria in Yeast

Studies on the biogenesis of mitochondria have now provided a reasonable evaluation of the degree of mitochondrial autonomy within the cell. Although mitochondria are capable of replicating, transcribing, and translating their genome as processes intrinsic to the organelle, these activities, nevertheless, have an absolute dependence upon macromolecules of extramitochondrial origin encoded by nuclear genes.1–3 It is also evident that the continuity of junctional mitochondria requires the complete, or nearly complete, expression of the mitochondrial genome, for interruption not only of the replication, but the transcription or translation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well, leads to an impairment of mitochondrial activities.4–8 In the case of yeast, we know that this impairment results in the elaboration of a respiratory-deficient phenotype. Considering the extent of mitochondrial dependence on products encoded by nuclear genes, it would be surprising if the mitochondrial and the mitochondria-related nuclear-cytoplasmic systems which function in the development and persistence of the organelle were not subject to some types of coordinate regulation. A full understanding of the extent of regulation requires information on the products contributed by the mitochondrial and nuclear-cytoplasmic systems and the manner in which these products are brought together during mitochondrial development.
Comment on “Dry reforming of methane by stable Ni–Mo nanocatalysts on single-crystalline MgO”

Song et al (Reports, 14 February 2020, p. 777) ignore the reported efficient Ni/MgO solid-solution catalysts and overstate the novelty and importance of the Mo-doped Ni/MgO catalysts for the dry reforming of methane. We show that the Ni/MgO solid-solution catalyst that we reported in 1995, which is efficient and stable for the dry reforming, is superior to the Mo-doped Ni/MgO catalyst.
Cardioembolic Stroke in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) Myocarditis: A Case Report

Author(s): Ford, James S.; Holmes, James F.; Jones, Russell F. | Abstract: Introduction: There is a growing body of literature detailing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cardiovascular complications and hypercoagulability, although little has been published on venous or arterial thrombosis risk.Case Report: In this report, we present a single case of cardioembolic stroke in the setting of COVID-19 related myocarditis, diagnosed via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography. COVID-19 infection was confirmed via a ribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction assay.Conclusion: Further research is needed to evaluate the hypercoagulable state of patients with COVID-19 to determine whether prophylactic anticoagulation may be warranted to prevent intracardiac thrombi and cardioembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 related myocarditis.
An Evaluation of the Impact of River Guide Interpretation Training on the Client's Knowledge and Interest regarding the Environment:

This study assesses the impact of a Headwaters Institute seminar interpretation training on a river guide's client knowledge and interest regarding the environment. The experiences of clients of ri...
Authorship inequality: a bibliometric study of the concentration of authorship among a diminishing number of individuals in high-impact medical journals, 2008-2019.

OBJECTIVE Authorship and number of publications are important criteria used for making decisions about promotions and research funding awards. Given the increase in the number of author positions over the last few decades, this study sought to determine if there had been a shift in the distribution of authorship among those publishing in high-impact academic medical journals over the last 12 years. DESIGN This study analysed the distribution of authorship across 312 222 original articles published in 134 medium-impact to high-impact academic medical journals between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2019. Additionally, this study compared the trends in author distributions across nine medical specialties and a collection of cross-specialty high-impact journal articles. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The distribution of authorship was assessed using the Gini coefficient (GC), a widely used measure of economic inequality. RESULTS The overall GC for all articles sampled across the 12-year study period was 0.49, and the GCs for the first and last authorship positions were 0.30 and 0.44, respectively. Since 2008, there was a significant positive correlation between year and GC for the overall authorship position (r=0.99, p<0.001) the first author position (r=0.75, p=0.007) and the last author position (r=0.85, p<0.001) indicating increasingly uneven distribution in authorship over time. The cross-specialty high-impact journals exhibited the greatest rate of increase in GC over the study period for the first and last author position of any specialty analysed. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest a growing inequality in authorship across authors publishing in high-impact academic medical journals, especially among the highest impact journals. These findings may have implications for processes such as promotions and allocation of research funding that use authorship metrics as key criteria for making decisions.
Jens Andermann. Tierras en trance: arte y naturaleza después del paisaje. Santiago de Chile: Metales Pesados, 2018.

Jens Andermann. Tierras en trance: arte y naturaleza despues del paisaje. Santiago de Chile: Metales Pesados, 2018.
Water resources sustainability under climate variability and population growth in Iran: A system dynamics approach

The change in availability of water resources has a dynamic behavior and is influenced by many factors such as population growth and climate variability over time. Understanding the impacts of such factors on water resources vulnerability is essential for ensuring the sustainability of future water resources. In this study, a water resources sustainable index is built using a system dynamics model to assess the effects of different scenarios at the Kowsar dam basin in southwestern Iran where managing water resources is serious challenging due to periodic drought. Based on the baseline scenario, the total population, as well as total water demand, will increase and water supply will decrease throughout the simulated period. Therefore, the imbalanced supply-demand of water can cause the water system vulnerable. In this regard, water management policies should concentrate on the demand side of water to address the problem of water resource shortage in a good manner. Although pessimistic climatic conditions along with population growth put the water system in the worse situation of water availability, where the demand control policies likely help meet the increasing water demand. Compared to the pessimistic conditions, the water sustainability index improves in normal and optimistic conditions. The highest sustainability index was obtained after controlling water demand in optimistic weather condition. Consequently, the government should provide a context in which people learn to control their daily water consumption. Also, it suggests that we can conserve water resources in the agricultural sector with conservation policies.
Antibiotics and fecal transfaunation differentially affect microbiota recovery, associations, and antibiotic resistance in lemur guts.

BACKGROUND Antibiotics alter the diversity, structure, and dynamics of host-associated microbial consortia, including via development of antibiotic resistance; however, patterns of recovery from microbial imbalances and methods to mitigate associated negative effects remain poorly understood, particularly outside of human-clinical and model-rodent studies that focus on outcome over process. To improve conceptual understanding of host-microbe symbiosis in more naturalistic contexts, we applied an ecological framework to a non-traditional, strepsirrhine primate model via long-term, multi-faceted study of microbial community structure before, during, and following two experimental manipulations. Specifically, we administered a broad-spectrum antibiotic, either alone or with subsequent fecal transfaunation, to healthy, male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), then used 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to longitudinally track the diversity, composition, associations, and resistomes of their gut microbiota both within and across baseline, treatment, and recovery phases. RESULTS Antibiotic treatment resulted in a drastic decline in microbial diversity and a dramatic alteration in community composition. Whereas microbial diversity recovered rapidly regardless of experimental group, patterns of microbial community composition reflected long-term instability following treatment with antibiotics alone, a pattern that was attenuated by fecal transfaunation. Covariation analysis revealed that certain taxa dominated bacterial associations, representing potential keystone species in lemur gut microbiota. Antibiotic resistance genes, which were universally present, including in lemurs that had never been administered antibiotics, varied across individuals and treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Long-term, integrated study post antibiotic-induced microbial imbalance revealed differential, metric-dependent evidence of recovery, with beneficial effects of fecal transfaunation on recovering community composition, and potentially negative consequences to lemur resistomes. Beyond providing new perspectives on the dynamics that govern host-associated communities, particularly in the Anthropocene era, our holistic study in an endangered species is a first step in addressing the recent, interdisciplinary calls for greater integration of microbiome science into animal care and conservation.
Kicking it up a Notch for the best in show: Scalloped leads Yorkie into the haematopoietic arena.

Maintenance and differentiation of progenitor cells is essential for proper organ development and adaptation to environmental stress and injury. In Drosophila melanogaster, the haematopietic system serves as an ideal model for interrogating the function of signaling pathways required for progenitor maintenance and cell fate determination. Here we focus on the role of the Hippo pathway effectors Yorkie and Scalloped in mediating and facilitating Notch signaling-mediated lineage specification in the lymph gland, the primary center for haematopoiesis within the developing larva. We discuss the regulatory mechanisms which promote Notch activity during normal haematopoiesis and its modulation during immune challenge conditions. We provide additional evidence establishing the hierarchy of signaling events during crystal cell formation, highlighting the relationship between Yorkie, Scalloped and Lozenge, while expanding on the role of Yorkie in promoting hemocyte survival and the developmental regulation of Notc...
Fixed‐Wing Control and Handling Qualities

An introduction into the control and handling qualities of fixed-wing aircraft is presented. Military handling qualities specifications are discussed followed by examples of specification requirements for aircraft longitudinal and lateral/directional modes of motion. Lower-order equivalent systems are introduced as a means for accommodating the higher-order, nonclassical dynamics that accompany the introduction of stability and command augmentation systems. Other frequency domain handling qualities criteria such as bandwidth/phase delay are introduced. Techniques that have their basis in control theoretic models of the human pilot complete the chapter. Keywords: aircraft control; aircraft flying qualities; aircraft handling qualities; Cooper – Harper Rating Scale; pilot models
A 100 MeV proof-of-principle laser wakefield accelerator experiment

We present an initial design of a proof-of-principle experiment on the Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA). The experiment will utilize the NRL Table-Top Terawatt (T/sup 3/) laser system as the driver for the wakefield in a pulsed-valve gas jet plasma, and a /spl sim/1 MeV Febetron as the electron beam injector. The LWFA will be operated in the self-modulated regime [1] where enhanced acceleration gradients and extended interaction distances can be achieved. Numerical simulations demonstrate that with the present parameters of the T/sup 3/ laser, peak accelerating gradients can reach >300 GeV/m and single stage energy gain of >100 MeV can be attained. >
Genetic Analysis of Viable Hsp90 Alleles Reveals a Critical Role in Drosophila Spermatogenesis

The Hsp90 chaperone protein maintains the activities of a remarkable variety of signal transducers, but its most critical functions in the context of the whole organism are unknown. Point mutations of Hsp83 (the Drosophila Hsp90 gene) obtained in two different screens are lethal as homozygotes. We report that eight transheterozygous mutant combinations produce viable adults. All exhibit the same developmental defects: sterile males and sterile or weakly fertile females. We also report that scratch, a previously identified male-sterile mutation, is an allele of Hsp82 with a P-element insertion in the intron that reduces expression. Thus, it is a simple reduction in Hsp90 function, rather than possible altered functions in the point mutants, that leads to male sterility. As shown by light and electron microscopy, all stages of spermatogenesis involving microtubule function are affected, from early mitotic divisions to later stages of sperm maturation, individualization, and motility. Aberrant microtubules are prominent in yeast cells carrying mutations in HSP82 (the yeast Hsp90 gene), confirming that Hsp90 function is connected to microtubule dynamics and that this connection is highly conserved. A small fraction of Hsp90 copurifies with taxol-stabilized microtubule proteins in Drosophila embryo extracts, but Hsp90 does not remain associated with microtubules through repeated temperature-induced assembly and disassembly reactions. If the spermatogenesis phenotypes are due to defects in microtubule dynamics, we suggest these are indirect, reflecting a role for Hsp90 in maintaining critical signal transduction pathways and microtubule effectors, rather than a direct role in the assembly and disassembly of microtubules themselves.
Unframing models of public distribution: From rhetorical situation to rhetorical ecologies

Abstract Whereas earlier work on rhetorical situation focuses upon, the elements of audience, exigence, and constraints, this article argues that rhetorical situations operate within a network of lived practical consciousness or structures of feeling. Placing the rhetorical “elements” within this wider context destabilizes the discrete borders of a rhetorical situation. As an example of this wider context, this article explores the public rhetoric surrounding issues of urban sprawl in Austin, Texas. While public rhetorical movements can be seen as a response to the “exigence” of overdevelopment, it is also possible to situate the exigence's evocation within a wider context of affective ecologies comprised of material experiences and public feelings.
On the analysis of transients of the form

Dans le contexte electrochimique, le courant faradique correspondant a une etape de potentiel a la forme i=i 0 exp(λ 2 t)erfc(λ√t), ou le courant est limite par les effets combines de la cinetique interfaciale lente et la diffusion plane semi-infinie
A fluorometric assay for subnanogram concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma

Abstract A fluorometric assay sensitive to 0.01 nanogram of adrenaline or noradrenaline in a 15 ml plasma sample is described. It is based on an improved version of the aluminum oxide-trihydroxyindole method. Optimal eluate normality and Al 2 O 3 weight were found and yielded 91.8% adrenaline recovery from deproteinated plasma. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were consistently measured when the assay was applied to 15 ml plasma samples from persons at rest. The mean (±S.I.) adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were 0.079 ± 0.047 and 0.174 ± 0.052 ng per ml, respectively.