cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MORPH: development and optimization of a longitudinal age progression database

This paper details recent improvement to MORPH, a longitudinal face database, developed for age progression and age estimation research. This database is primarily used to solve age-related problems of facial recognition systems. The data corpus provides the largest set of publicly available longitudinal adult images with supporting metadata and is still expanding; longitudinal spans range from several days to over twenty years. The metadata provided aids in classification by age, gender, and race and includes other key parameters that affect aging appearance.
Is routine hemoglobin and hematocrit testing on admission to labor and delivery needed

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Testing hemoglobin and hematocrit values in labor and delivery at term is a routine practice at many centers. This necessity was evaluated by comparing values obtained at 26–28 weeks versus those obtained at term. MATERIALS: This is a prospective, observational study. All patients at least 37 weeks presenting to labor and delivery were evaluated during the study period. Enrollment criteria included having either a hemoglobin or hematocrit between 26 and 28 weeks and again on admission with term labor. Deliveries at less than 37 weeks and pregnancies complicated by multiple gestations, hemoglobinopathies, and hypertensive disorders were excluded. The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of anemia was used as well as an operationally defined threshold, below which local practitioners would change management (hemoglobin 8 g/dL, hematocrit 25%). The compliance of patients to any form of iron therapy was evaluated by questioning patients on admission. RESULTS: One hundred and one patients met enrollment criteria. At 26–28 weeks, 20 patients were anemic by WHO criteria. On admission to labor and delivery at term, relative to 26–28-week values, hemoglobin had increased from 11.1 g/dL to 11.6 g/dL (P CONCLUSION: The frequency of anemia fell from 20% at 26–28 weeks to 11% at term. The mild anemia at term did not change local management in any patient. Thus, if the value obtained at 26–28 weeks is acceptable (non-anemic by WHO criteria), the routine testing of these values at term can be avoided, resulting in significant cost savings.
Intriguing Centrality Dependence of the Au-Au Source Size at the AGS

One of the main goals of high energy heavy ion physics is to establish the existence of a deconfined phase of nuclear matter — the quark-gluon plasma — at high temperatures or densities. One possible signature of such a phase transition, especially if it were first order, would be a larger source size or lifetime than a similar hadronic system. At current AGS energies, we attempt to form a quark-gluon plasma by achieving a high baryon density for a period of time in the center of the collision regioni[1]. For a given density threshold, the size of this high density region should be a strong function of the impact parameter: the more central the event, the larger the high density region. Therefore, one possible signature of a quark-gluon plasma would be a sudden change in system lifetime or size as a function of the centrality of the collision.
Single Neuron Recording

Single neuron recordings are the voltage or current responses monitored extracellularly or intracellularly from individual neurons over time. Keywords: neuron; recording; electrode; cell membrane; action potential
Peer Support Groups for Child Welfare–Involved Families

Studies on risk factors and circumstances related to child maltreatment have continuously emphasized the important role of social support. As a result, peer support groups have been gaining attention and recognition in recent years in the field of child maltreatment prevention. However, little is known about the benefits that child welfare–involved parents receive in peer support groups, as well as the distinctive service elements that make these groups successful. By examining child welfare–involved parents’ experiences participating in peer support groups, this study provided a better understanding of the perceived beneficial aspects of peer support groups, specific types of supports offered to and by peers, and unique characteristics of these groups.
‘Womanly Qualities’ and Contested Methodology: Gender and the Discipline of Economics in Late Imperial Germany

This article analyses the affinities between two debates of the 1890s in Germany: one over women's intellectual abilities and one over the production of knowledge in economics. Economists and advocates for women's higher education found common cause and language because of the rhetorical centrality of the working woman, family and motherhood to a social reform discourse that connected the university, the women's movement and the state. The historical economists conceptualised their ‘science’ in a way that allowed ‘womanly qualities’ to be identified as appropriate to its optimal practice. A limited comparison with the United States highlights the historical specificity of this construction of social-scientific knowledge.
Clearance of Nanoparticles During Circulation

Nanoparticles are regarded as efficient drug delivery systems because they possess strong drug loading capacity and can pass through anatomical barriers easily. Specifically, the discovery of tumor-specific ligands allowed more efficient delivery of nanoparticles to cancer cells. The blood-circulation time is a key factor in determining the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles, and the rate of biological clearance is classified into three categories: (i) disintegration of nanoparticles by protein adsorption, (ii) opsonization-mediated nanoparticle removal by immune cells, and (iii) filtration by organs with fenestrated vasculature. This chapter discusses these three categories as well as strategies to modify nanoparticles to extend the circulation time of nanoparticles in the blood stream. Keywords: nanoparticle; cancer therapy; drug carrier; tumor targeting; drug delivery; circulation
Trends in case fatality rate in pulmonary embolism according to stability and treatment

Abstract Purpose To determine categories of patients with pulmonary embolism in whom therapy has been reducing or failing to reduce case fatality rate. Methods Patients with acute pulmonary embolism were assessed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999–2008. Trends of case fatality rates were assessed according to whether patients were stable or unstable and according to treatment within these groups. Results In-hospital all-cause case fatality rate among all patients with pulmonary embolism decreased from 16,150 of 136,740 (11.8%) in 1999 to 23,040 of 311,620 (7.4%) in 2008. All-cause case fatality rate decreased 45.0% in stable patients from 14,780 of 133,230 (11.1%) in 1999 to 18,170 of 297,770 (6.1%) in 2008. In unstable patients it decreased only 9.7% from 1,370 of 3,510 (39.0%) in 1999 to 4,870 of 13,850 (35.2%) in 2008. Only 72,230 of 2,110,320 (3.4%) patients with acute pulmonary embolism were unstable. Among unstable patients who received thrombolytic therapy, all-cause mortality did not change from 1999–2008. Among unstable patients treated only with anticoagulants and/or a vena cava filter, all-cause case fatality rate decreased 23.6% from 1,110 of 2,080 (53.4%) in 1999 to 4,290 of 10,530 (40.7%) in 2008, but remained higher than in those treated with thrombolytic agents. Case fatality rates attributable to pulmonary embolism were lower than all-cause case fatality rate, but showed similar trends. Conclusions The decreasing all-cause case fatality rate and case fatality rate attributable to pulmonary embolism from 1999–2008 resulted primarily from a decreasing case fatality rate in stable patients. There was no reduction of case fatality rate in unstable patients who received thrombolytic therapy, although case fatality rate was relatively low with thrombolytic therapy plus a vena cava filter. Most unstable patients, however, failed to receive this combination of therapy.
The Role of Art in Developing and Evaluating Cognitive Skills

Eleven graduate students who had registered for an elective course in art therapy worked under supervision with 11 unselected learning-impaired children. They used special art techniques designed to develop and evaluate ability to order, perceive, associate, and represent components. After 10 weekly one-hour art periods, the children showed significant gains in concepts of space, order, and class, as measured by pre- and post-tests designed for the study.
INTERPRETATION OF URINE RESULTS USED TO ASSESS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE WITH EMPHASIS ON CREATININE ADJUSTMENTS: A REVIEW

This paper reviews the process of elimination of creatinine (CRE), and the limitations presented when using it to express urine concentrations. This literature review leads to three conclusions: (1) CRE excretion is subject to wide fluctuations due to specific internal and external factors; (2) the use of CRE to correct chemical concentrations in urine will not necessarily improve the correlation to the exposure dose for all chemicals (it may, in fact, worsen the result); and (3) other means of expressing urine concentration may offer greater accuracy towards estimating individually absorbed dose.
Assessment of tolerance to the hallucinogenic effects of DOM.

DOM was administered to five subjects, each of whom received 6 mg of the drug daily for 3 consecutive days. Tolerance was observed. This finding is correlated with prior studies of behavioral biochemical and electrophysiologic aspects of DOM tolerance in cats.
SHIMON ATTIE'S SITE-SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS AS ENIGMATIC MONUMENTS TO SURVIVAL

Site-specific installations Between Dreams and History (1998) and The History of Another (2002), by American artist Shimon Attie, explore how reinterpretations of the past have helped to promote cultural survival for Jewish communities in the Lower East Side of New York and the former ghetto of Rome. They suggest that reinventing memories enabled people to create new connections between past and present, fostering a sense of shared identity and empowerment. By inviting viewers into multilayered, contradictory relationships with the histories of each site, the projects have the potential to turn viewers into figurative descendents of the people they see, responsible for carrying on their memories in new forms. At the same time, the projects tacitly explore the limitations of memory as a tool for cultural survival and the limits of their own potential to hold people together. They call attention to the lives of people for whom new narratives have not alleviated marginalization and to forms of narrativizatio...
Connectionistic models of boolean category representation

Several distinct connectionistic/neural representations capable of computing arbitrary Boolean functions are described and discussed in terms of possible tradeoffs between time, space, and expressive clarity. It is suggested that the ability of a threshold logic unit (TLU) to represent prototypical groupings has significant advantages for representing real world categories. Upper and lower bounds on the number of nodes needed for Boolean completeness are demonstrated. The necessary number of nodes is shown to increase exponentially with the number of input features, the exact rate of increase depending on the representation scheme. In addition, in non-recurrent networks, connection weights are shown to increase exponentially with a linear reduction in the number of nodes below approximately 2d. This result suggests that optimum memory efficiency may require unacceptable learning time. Finally, two possible extensions to deal with non-Boolean values are considered.
Ovulation Detection by Internal Cranial Temperature Measurements

A simple method for recording a patient's internal cranial temperature is described. Using these measurements it is shown that the drop and rapid rise in basal temperature indicative of ovulation can be easily detected and recorded. The superiority of cranial temperature over oral temperature is demonstrated by indicating the occurrence of ovulation one full day before a like indication in oral temperature. Evidence is also given for choosing cranial over rectal temperature for use in detecting ovulation.
Seismic deconvolution by multipulse methods

A multiple method used in speech coding is applied to the seismic deconvolution problem. The advantage of this method is that the source wavelet and reflectivity series representing the layered Earth structure are simultaneously estimated. Results of this investigation show that the method shows promise for all-pole models of the input wavelet. An application of the method to actual seismic data is shown. >
A low overhead fault tolerant routing scheme for 3D Networks-on-Chip

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs) offer a significant opportunity to e nhance the performance of emerging chip multiprocessors (CMPs) using high density stacked device integration and shorter through silicon via (TSV) interconnects that can alleviate some of the problems associated with interconnect scaling in s ub-65nm CMOS technologies. However, network-on-chip (NoC) fabrics that will connect the cores together in 3D-ICs will increasingly be susceptible to permanent and intermittent faults, which can cause catastrophic system failure. To overcome these faults, NoC routing schemes can be enhanced by adding fault tolerance capabilities, so that they can adapt communication flows to follow fault-free paths. Existing work has proposed various fault tolerant routing algorithms for 2D NoCs. In this paper, for the first time, we investigate fault tolerant routing schemes in 3D NoCs. To achieve high arrival rates in the presence of faults, we propose a novel low-overhead fault tolerant routing scheme (4NP-First) for 3D NoCs. The proposed scheme is shown to have better resilience and adaptivity to f aults compared to e xisting dimension-order, turn-model, and stochastic random walk based 2D NoC routing schemes extended to 3D NoCs.
A Transport-Diffusion Equation in Metal Cutting and its Application to Analysis of the Rate of Flank Wear

A two-dimensional transport-diffusion equation is derived for diffusion in metal cutting by an extension of Fick’s second law. The analysis considers the dynamics of the cutting process and thus offers a comprehensive representation of the diffusing species in the workpiece and the chip. A relationship for the rate of flank wear is derived considering adhesion and diffusion as the major modes of wear on the tool flank. It is based on the mechanics of the wear process, friction and diffusion, taking into account the regenerative effects of wear, temperature, and friction force. Based on the simulated results of the analysis, a new criterion is proposed for determining tool life.
Circadian Sensitivity and Dosage-Rate Response to X-Irradiation in the Pink Bollworm

A laboratory culture of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders was entrained on a photo, period of LD 14: 10. Lights-on occurred at 0530 hours and lights-off at 1930 hours. At 3-hour intervals, beginning at 2400 hours throughout a 24-hour period, male and female moths were X-irradiated with 25 kr delivered at 1.0 kr per In a separate study male and female moths were X-irradiated at 1500 hours with 25 kr at 4 different dosage rates. A highly significant difference was observed between sexes of moths, time of X-irradiation, and dosage rates. Female moths at all times were less sensitive to X-irradiation than males, as measured by mean longevity. The time of minimum sensitivity to X-irradiation in both sexes occurred at 0600 hours, ½ hour after lights-on. Maximum sensitivity in both sexes occurred at 1200 hours, 1.5 hours after lights-off. It appeared that sensitivity to X-irradiation was correlated to moth activity. As the dosage rate of X-irradiation was increased, the biologic damage also increased, expressed as reduced longevity. At lower dosage rates moths were able to recover and apparently repair radiation damage.
Ventral tegmental injections of a selective μ or δ opioid enhance feeding in food-deprived rats

Food-deprived rats received injections of the selective μ opioid D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4-Gly5-Ol-enkephalin (DAMGO; 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10 nmol) or the selective δ opioid D-Pen2, D-Pen5-enkephalin (DPDPE; 0.1, 1.0 or 10 nmol) into or dorsal to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Repeated measures of the speed of eating and the latency to initiate eating were obtained by dividing meals into discrete segments. Intra-VTA injections of DAMGO or DPDPE produced dose-dependent increases in the speed of eating but had little effect on the latency to initiate eating. Injections into sites dorsal to the VTA were ineffective in the case of DPDPE and less than normally effective in the case of DAMGO. Intra-VTA DAMGO was at least 100 × more potent in enhancing feeding than was DPDPE. A similar difference in potency has been observed in the degree to which DAMGO or DPDPE activates the mesolimbic dopamine system. These data suggest the possiblity that changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system underlie the potentiation of feeding by intra-VTA administration of μ or δ opioids.
Lifetime and branching ratio of the second excited state of /sup 38/K

The lifetime of the second excited state of /sup 38/K has been determined to be 12 +- 2 ps using a recoil-distance technique with the reaction /sup 24/Mg(/sup 16/O, pn). The E2/M1 branching ratio was found to be (0.96 +- 0.10) % using the reaction /sup 35/Cl(..cap alpha.., n) just above threshold. The excitation energies of the first two excited states have been found to be 130.2 +- 0.4 and 458.7 +- 0.3 keV. These results are compared with prior experimental and theoretical work. (AIP)
Relationship of wood surface energy to surface composition

The wood cell wall is composed of cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and extractives. Thus, the surface energy of the wood material must be some combination of the surface energies of these components. The influence of extractives on wood surface chemistry can be important in diverse industrial applications, such as coating, pulping, and wood-based composites. In this study, pine wood meal was subjected to heating, washing with toluene, and extraction with acetone/water, dichloromethane, and ethanol/benzene. The surface properties and composition were then determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The dispersive component of the surface free energy, the enthalpy, the entropy, and the acid/base interactions were calculated from IGC measurements and compared to the surface composition as revealed by XPS. Heating and washing with toluene altered surface properties only slightly. Extraction of wood meals with ace...
MEL-28 Is Downstream of the Ran Cycle and Is Required for Nuclear-Envelope Function and Chromatin Maintenance

Summary Early embryonic development depends on the faithful execution of basic cell biological processes whose coordination remains largely unknown. With a global network analysis, we found MEL-28 to be associated with two types of complexes, one implicated in nuclear-envelope function and the other in chromatin organization [1]. Here, we show that MEL-28, a protein that shuttles between the nucleus and the kinetochore during the cell cycle, is required for the structural and functional integrity of the nuclear envelope. In addition, mel-28(RNAi) embryos exhibit defects in chromosome condensation, pronuclear migration, kinetochore assembly, and spindle assembly. This combination of mel-28(RNAi) phenotypes resemble those caused by depleting members of the Ran cycle in C. elegans [2], a conserved cellular signaling pathway that is required for mitotic spindle assembly, nuclear-envelope reformation after mitosis, and nucleocytoplasmic exchange (reviewed in [3–8]). Although MEL-28 localization to the nuclear periphery is not dependent on nuclear pore components, it is dependent on RAN-1 and other key components of the Ran cycle. Thus, MEL-28 is downstream of the Ran cycle and is required for both proper nuclear-envelope function and chromatin maintenance.
Discipline Problems at Teachers' Colleges: Lessons for Lecturers and Students.

This case study worked with 80 lecturers drawn from Israeli teachers’ colleges who reported that they face relatively few discipline problems; most appeared to be related to low motivation and/or dishonest behaviour. They treated each case in an ad hoc way, responded mildly and avoided imposing sanctions. It is argued that the student teachers’ misconduct could have been used by their lecturers as excellent raw material to analyse the conditions in which problems are likely to occur in the school classroom, as well as to discuss possible underlying motivation of the provocative conduct, and to suggest ways for teachers to cope with these situations. Unfortunately, the lecturers did not draw any connections between the misbehaviour of the student teachers and the skills and moral values prospective teachers need to possess. The lack of transference from the college setting to the student teachers’ experience in the classroom is discussed with regard to the current highly competitive climate in which colleg...
Antivignetting filter design

This article describes a technique employed in the development of anti-vignetting filters to be incorporated in wide angle lens systems. The technique requires no knowledge of the optical prescription, but would include lens parameters such as entrance pupil location, type of vignetting and intensity distribution across the image plane. Results are given for the application of this technique to an 85 degree camera objective.
Hemlock Legacy Project (HeLP): A paleoecological requiem for eastern hemlock

Eastern North American forests have effectively lost two major tree species (American chestnut and American elm) in the last 100 years and two more, eastern and Carolina hemlock, will be functional...
Practicing What We Teach: A Self-Study in Implementing an Inquiry-Based Curriculum in a Middle Grades Classroom

A science teacher educator returned to teaching adolescents after more than 10 years in the professoriate. We studied his beliefs, practice and daily use of inquiry pedagogy while implementing a reform-based curriculum. Reflection on practice was evidenced by a weekly journal, classroom observations and debriefings, and extensive interviews. Newly developed practical knowledge from this experience shifted the science teacher educator’s beliefs away from the Piagetian structuralism espoused in prescribed curricula towards a more culturally responsive, student-driven approach to teaching science to middle grades students. The merits and limitations of curricula attempting to follow traditional scientific practices are discussed.
A high dynamic PEM fuel cell model with temperature effects

Safe and reliable operation of a fuel cell requires proper management of the water and heat that are produced as by-products. Most of the current models for the cell used for an analysis of the fuel cell system are based on the empirical polarization curve and neglect the dynamic effects of water concentration, temperature and reactant distribution on the characteristics. The new model proposed in this paper is constructed upon the layers of a cell, taking into account the following factors: (1) dynamics in temperature gradient across the fuel cell; (2) dynamics in water concentration redistribution in the membrane; (3) dynamics in proton concentration in the cathode catalyst layer; (4) dynamics in reactant concentration redistribution in the cathode GDL. Simulations have been performed to analyze the effects of load currents on the behaviors of the fuel cell. In the future, the fuel cell model will be extended to a stack model and integrated with system models. All of the models will be implemented on a real time system that optimizes the computation time by a parallelization of solvers, which provides an environment to analyze the performance and optimize design parameters of the PEM fuel cell system and components.
Generalized Wigner functions in curved spaces: A new approach.

It is well known that, given a quantum field in Minkowski space, one can define Wigner functions ${f}_{W}^{N}$(${x}_{1}$,${p}_{1}$,...,${x}_{N}$,${p}_{N}$) which (a) are convenient to analyze since, unlike the field itself, they are c-number quantities and (b) can be interpreted in a limited sense as ``quantum distribution functions.'' Recently, Winter and Calzetta, Habib and Hu have shown one way in which these flat-space Wigner functions can be generalized to a curved-space setting, deriving thereby approximate kinetic equations which make sense ``quasilocally'' for ``short-wavelength modes.'' This paper suggests a completely orthogonal approach for defining curved-space Wigner functions which generalizes instead an object such as the Fourier-transformed ${f}_{W}^{1}$(k,p), which is effectively a two-point function viewed in terms of the ``natural'' creation and annihilation operators ${a}^{\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}}$(p-(1/2k) and a(p+(1/2k). The approach suggested here lacks the precise phase-space interpretation implicit in the approach of Winter or Calzetta, Habib, and Hu, but it is useful in that (a) it is geared to handle any ``natural'' mode decomposition, so that (b) it can facilitate exact calculations at least in certain limits, such as for a source-free linear field in a static spacetime.
Rapid isolation of high-affinity human antibodies against the tumor vascular marker Endosialin/TEM1, using a paired yeast-display/secretory scFv library platform

Abstract Endosialin/TEM1 is predominantly expressed on neovasculature, thus ideally suited for diagnostic, targeted imaging and therapy of cancer. To isolate TEM1-specific affinity reagents, we thought to screen a recombinant antibody (scFv) library derived from the repertoire of a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), as autoimmune disorders may produce self-reactive specificities. The yeast-display scFv library was constructed by homologous recombination of the TTP patient repertoire originally expressed on M13 bacteriophage in the novel vector pAGA2 for yeast-display expression. The TTP yeast-display library (10 9 members) was screened by magnetic and flow sorting with human TEM1 recombinant protein. A pool of yeast-display scFv able to detect 2 nM of TEM1 was obtained and transformed into yeast-secreted scFv by homologous recombination using the novel p416 BCCP vector for yeast secretion of biotinylated scFv. Anti-TEM1 yeast-secreted scFv were independently validated in vitro by flow cytometry analysis and ELISA assays, then in vivo biotinylated in N-termini to produce biobodies. Biobody-78 bound specifically to Endosialin/TEM1-expressing ovarian tumor in vivo , with functional stability over 48 h. Our results suggest that our novel paired display-secretory yeast libraries can serve as an ideal platform for the rapid isolation of high-affinity reagents, and that anti-TEM1 biobody-78 can be used for in vitro assays including flow cytometry analysis, as well as in vivo for targeted imaging and therapy of cancer.
Dynamical motion of adatoms and their neighbours at the Ni(111) surface

Abstract We have calculated mean square displacements and one atom spectral densities for the adatoms H, O, S, Ni, and their neighbours on a Ni(111) surface. The adatoms are isolated on the substrate. They lie at a site of three-fold symmetry. The upward shift in frequency of the adatom's normal mode of vibration perpendicular to the surface (a shift from the value on an infinitely massive substrate) has been calculated. A simple analytical formula is obtained by means of which the shift can be estimated for any adatom —surface combination.
Microsporogenesis in peanut (Arachis hypogaea).

The stage of pollen development at the time of anther culture is an important factor in the production of haploids. The objectives of the current study were to develop a staining procedure for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., ssp. hypogaea) microspores, to describe and document the stages of microsporogenesis in peanut, and to confirm a previous report concerning correlations of peanut floral bud shape with stage of microspore development. A staining procedure using propionic carmine provided adequate staining of pollen mother cells, microspores, and pollen. Pollen mother cells and microspores could easily be differentiated by their size and cell wall structure. Plants grown in a controlled environment were found to have highly synchronized microspore development, both within an anther and among anthers contained in the same bud. In addition, floral bud shape was confirmed as a reliable indicator of anther stage in peanuts.
The development of persistent pain and psychological morbidity after motor vehicle collision: integrating the potential role of stress response systems into a biopsychosocial model.

OBJECTIVES: Persistent pain and psychological sequelae are common after motor vehicle collision (MVC), but their etiology remains poorly understood. Such common sequelae include whiplash-associated disorders (WAD), fibromyalgia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Increasing evidence suggests that these disorders share overlapping epidemiologic and clinical features. A model is proposed in which central neurobiological systems, including physiologic systems and neuroanatomical structures involved in the stress response, are an important substrate for the development of all 3 disorders and interact with psychosocial and other factors to influence chronic symptom development. METHODS: Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics regarding the development of these disorders after MVC are reviewed. Evidence suggesting a role for stress response systems in the development of these disorders is presented. RESULTS: Contemporary evidence supports a model of chronic symptom development that incorporates the potential for interactions between past experience, acute stress responses to trauma, post-MVC behavior, and cognitive/psychosocial consequences to alter activity within brain regions which process pain and to result in persistent pain, as well as psychological sequelae, after MVC. Such a model incorporates factors identified in prior biopsychosocial theories and places them in the landscape of our rapidly developing understanding of stress systems and CNS pain-modulating pathways. CONCLUSION: New models are needed to stimulate deeper examination of the interacting influences of initial tissue damage, acute pain, psychosocial contingencies, and central stress pathways during chronic symptom development after MVC. Deeper understanding could contribute to improved treatment approaches to reduce the immense personal and societal burdens of common trauma-related disorders. Language: en
Early recognition of Marfan's syndrome.

Purpose To describe the classical features of Marfan's syndrome to help nurse practitioners (NPs) diagnose it in the early stages of progression and perhaps prevent many of its deleterious effects. Data Sources Selected research-based articles in the scientific literature and classic medical texts. Conclusions The cause of Marfan's syndrome is unknown, but studies have linked it with a disorder of chromosome 15. It is a degenerative connective tissue disorder that affects the musculoskeletal, ocular, integumentary, respiratory, and neurologic systems. The most lethal effect is on the cardiovascular system causing dissecting aortic aneurysms. Implications for Practice Early diagnosis is essential for a positive course of management. Marfan's syndrome can have fatal consequences and is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed.
Rat Islands Archaeological Research 2003 and 2009: Working toward an Understanding of Regional Cultural, and Environmental Histories

Aleuts occupied the islands of the Rat Island group for at least 6,000 years. Previous archaeological studies unevenly targeted Amchitka Island and highly visible coastal sites on Kiska and Rat Islands, skewing perceptions about the use of landscapes, seascapes, and resources by the Aleut of the Rat Islands. Test excavations on Rat Island in 2003 and survey and testing during the 2009 Rats and Birds Project demonstrate the complexity and ubiquity of Aleut landscape use. New data from archaeological survey provide evidence that Rat Islands Aleuts left behind a wide variety of cultural features, including groups of depressions, isolated depressions, isolated lithics, lithic scatters, middens, subsurface cultural strata without surface manifestations, and others. Bird faunal remains from sites on the islands demonstrate that Aleuts on Rat, Amchitka, and Kiska Islands may have targeted different species. Patterns in lithic raw materials in sites also show inter-island variability. The expanded data sets contribute to a better understanding of Aleut history, Rat Islands environmental history, and the relationship between Aleuts and their land- and seascapes.
The quaternary structure of the plasma membrane b-type cytochrome of human granulocytes.

Hydrodynamic, crosslinking and immunoprecipitation studies were performed on detergent solubilized cytochrome b to demonstrate that the two copurifying polypeptides of molecular weight 91 000 (glycosylated) and 22 000 [1,2] formed a molecular complex. The hydrodynamic studies indicated that the cytochrome bdetergent complex had a sedimentation coefficient, partial specific volume and Stokes radius of 5.25 S, 0.82 cm3/g and 6.2 nm in Triton X-100 and 6.05 S, 0.80 cm3/g and 5.6 nm in octylglucoside, respectively. These studies also indicated that the detergent-protein complex has a molecular mass of 202 and 188 kDa in Triton X-100 and octylglucoside, respectively, is asymmetric in shape with a frictional coefficient of 1.3–1.4 and binds significant amounts of detergent. The molecular mass of the protein portion of the detergent-cytochrome complex was estimated to be between 100 and 127 kDa. Crosslinking studies with disuccinimidyl suberate and alkaline cleavable bis[2-(succinimidooxy-carbonyloxy)ethyl]sulfone revealed that the Mr = 91 000 and Mr = 22 000 components of purified cytochrome b are closely associated and can be covalently bound to form a polypeptide which, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has Mr values of 110,000–120,000 and 120,000–135,000 on 8% and 11% (w/v) SDS-polyacrylamide gels, respectively. Cleavage of the crosslinked species resulted in the reappearance of the Mr = 91 000 and Mr = 22 000 species. Sedimentation profiles of crosslinked cytochrome b in linear sucrose density gradients made up in H2O were identical to those of non-crosslinked controls. A close association of the two protein species was further confirmed by the ability of antibody specific for the smaller subunit to immunoprecipitate the larger one also. Experiments aimed at identifying the heme-carring subunit(s) were inconclusive, since dissociation of the complex resulted in loss of cytochrome b spectrum. These results, in combination with our SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis molecular-weight estimates, provide strong evidence for the cytochrome b being an α-β-type heterodimer composed of a glycosylated Mr = 91 000 and non-glycosylated Mr = 22 000 polypeptide.
Fabrication of molecularly imprinted polymer microstructures

Abstract We report the combination of soft lithography and molecular imprinting for the fabrication of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microstructures on silicon wafers. Proof-of-concept experiments were carried out using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid as the template molecule. The MIP microstructures were fabricated by employing micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) and a soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp containing 20 μm feature size relief structures. MIP micromonoliths with a cross-sectional dimension of 20 μm ×20 μm were isolated and used directly after extraction of the template. The binding characteristics of these imprinted polymer micromonoliths were studied using radioligand binding analysis.
Developing conditions for environmentally sustainable consumption: drawing insight from anti‐smoking policy

This paper starts from the premise that, particularly in industrialized countries, the consumption decisions made by individuals and households are a major source of environmental strain. Several international organizations and national governments have addressed this issue, but, thus far, their efforts have had minimal effect. This paper examines the conditions necessary for the implementation of policy able to effectively reduce the environmental impact of household consumption. It draws from the experience of American tobacco control, a relatively rare example of a public effort that succeeded in reducing the negative consequences of an entitled consumer behaviour. An extensive review of the tobacco control literature informs the conclusion that three fundamental changes brought about conditions conducive to a widespread reduction in smoking, namely, information about its negative effects became common knowledge and was widely believed as true; cigarettes became a target for taxes that raised the price of smoking while placing a penalty on a behaviour increasingly seen as ‘bad’; the public sentiment regarding smoking shifted, deglamourizing the behaviour. The paper further suggests that these changes, which were the result of a concerted public effort, have a similar potential in reducing environmentally unsustainable consumption. A closer tying of consumption to the issue of climate change is suggested as a primary facilitating strategy.
Complex formation by 3H-aldosterone in rat kidney and liver

Low molecular weight polar complexes were shown to be formed in vivo from 3H-aldosterone in both kidney and liver subcellular fractions, the majority being present in the cytosol fractions. Significant differences were observed between the quantities of polar complexes present in kidney subcellular fractions from intact and adrenalectomized male rats and also between the quantities of these kidney polar complexes from spironolactone treated male rats. 3H-aldosterone macro-molecule complexes were shown to exist in appreciable quantities only in the kidney cytosol fractions of adrenalectomized male rats. These gel filtration studies also showed the 3H-aldosterone labeled macromolecule complexes to consist of two protein peaks; one of high molecular weight and the other of lower molecular weight (∼50,000 mol. wt.). The amount of 3H-aldosterone labeled protein complexes in kidney cytosol was greatly reduced when adrenalectomized rats were pretreated in vivo with spironolactone.
The phase relations in the Cu,In,Se system and the growth of CuInSe2 single crystals

Abstract The phase relations in the Cu,In,Se system are reviewed with particular attention to compositions in the vicinity of CuInSe 2 . The pseudobinary Cu 2 Se-In 2 Se 3 is re-evaluated and the liquidus-solidus relationship of the δ phase is discussed. The growth of CuInSe 2 single crystals is described using the methods of gradient freeze, Bridgman, chemical vapor transport, zone leveling and liquid encapsulated Czochralski pulling.
PHYSIOLOGIC ACTIONS OF HEPARIN NOT RELATED TO BLOOD CLOTTING.

Abstract The relation of heparin to inflammation is discussed, as are its relation to ground substance, cells, pinocytosis, and biologic ion exchange. Experimental evidence is given for biologic exchange capacity of heparin in in vitro systems and in the protective effect of heparin in animals. The clinical use of heparin in inflammatory, allergic and infectious diseases is reviewed. Intravenous heparin proved effective in eczemas, hay fever, asthma, laryngotracheobronchitis, interstitial cystitis and many other disease states related to inflammation.
The Role of Subordinate Performance and Ingratiation in Leader-Member Exchanges

This study examined the contribution of subordinate performance and ingratiation to the quality of leader-member exchanges. It was predicted that subordinate performance would be positively associated with higher quality exchanges. It was also hypothesized that subordinate-ingratiating activity, including opinion conformity, other enhancement, and self-presentation, would augment performance in the prediction of higher quality exchanges. From the perspective of both subordinates and their immediate supervisors (152 dyads), a heterogeneous sample provided ingratiation and quality of leader-member exchange survey data. Supervisors also submitted subordinate performance ratings. Hierarchical regression analysis supported the two hypotheses. Furthermore, other enhancement and opinion conformity were positively linked with higher quality exchanges. The findings sustain and advance previous research examining subordinate performance, ingratiation, and higher quality exchanges. The limitations and implications o...
Future trends in metal forming-equipment, materials and processes in automotive applications

Global competition in the automotive market has made a significant impact in the materials, processes, tools, and equipment used to make components. Steels are being replaced by other materials, such as aluminum, composites, and plastics, that meet the demand for a higher performance per weight ratio. From a processing viewpoint, the customers demand production of parts to near-net shape with little or no machining. Competition in business depends on understanding the needs of the customer in the coming years in the area of metal forming. A workshop was conducted using a novel approach to address the above issue. This presentation describes the approach and the results of the study.
Creatinine clearance as a measure of GFR in screenees for the African- American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension pilot study

Serum creatinine and endogenous creatinine clearance (CrCl) are widely used measures of renal function. This study compares the precision, bias, and sources of error in using different CrCl measures to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 118 men and women screened for the African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) pilot study. We measured serum creatinine, 24-hour CrCl, and CrCl during timed clearance periods conducted simultaneously with an 125I-iothalamate GFR study. Serum creatinine was measured using two different kinetic rate Jaffe methods (CX3 and Hitachi). After standardization for body surface area, the different measures of renal function available for each individual were compared with the 125I-iothalamate GFR simultaneous to the CrCl. In a subset of 50 participants, the CrCl measures were compared with a follow-up GFR (fGFR). The mean 125I-iothalamate GFR was 65.2 (SD, 26.4), with a range of 11 to 122 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean +/- SD percentage differences from the GFR were -9%+/-22% for the Cockcroft-Gault estimated CrCl, 1%+/-29% for the 24-hour CrCl, and 8%+/-16% for the CX3 simultaneous CrCl. The Hitachi method overestimated serum creatinine and underestimated GFR. Compared with an fGFR, the mean +/- SD differences were 2%+/-19% for the first GFR, -6%+/-20% for the Cockcroft-Gault estimated CrCl, 10%+/-28% for the 24-hour CrCl, and 14%+/-29% for the CX3 simultaneous CrCl. Thus, the increased precision with which the timed CrCl predicted its simultaneous GFR did not extend to improved ability to predict a future GFR. The fractional excretion of creatinine, measured as the ratio of the CX3 simultaneous CrCl to 125I-iothalamate clearance, increased with decreasing GFR but was lower than expected (mean +/- SD of 1.21+/-0.16 for GFRs between 20 and 40 mL/min/1.73 m2). The lower fractional excretion explains why the 24-hour and Cockcroft-Gault CrCls did not overestimate GFR, but the reasons for this lower excretion are uncertain. Creatinine assay specificity and calibration are important sources of variability that must be examined in any CrCl measure of GFR. We conclude that despite requiring substantially more time and effort, neither the outpatient 24-hour urine nor the timed CrCl offered increased precision over a calculation based on serum creatinine, sex, age, and weight in predicting GFR.
Supersymmetric model for neutrino magnetic transition moment

A supersymmetric model for a large neutrino magnetic moment is presented. The neutrino mass is protected by an approximate horizontal symmetry. The model possessed an unbroken le-lμ symmetry which enforces the eqality of the electron and muon neutrino masses. We find that for a 10 eV neutrino, the neutrino can have a magnetic transition moment up to 10 −12 μB without tuning of parameters. With tuning, the mass can be further suppressed or the magnetic moment correspondingly increased.
New aspects of mast cell biology.

New sources of human and mouse mast cells, which were isolated from individual organs (i.e., lung, colon, synovium, skin, uterus, heart), developed from progenitors in vitro in the presence of stem ce
The C. elegans D2-like dopamine receptor DOP-3 decreases behavioral sensitivity to the olfactory stimulus 1-octanol.

We previously found that dopamine signaling modulates the sensitivity of wild-type C. elegans to the aversive odorant 1-octanol. C. elegans lacking the CAT-2 tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme, which is required for dopamine biosynthesis, are hypersensitive in their behavioral avoidance of dilute concentrations of octanol. Dopamine can also modulate the context-dependent response of C. elegans lacking RGS-3 function, a negative regulator of Gα signaling. rgs-3 mutant animals are defective in their avoidance of 100% octanol when they are assayed in the absence of food (E. coli bacterial lawn), but their response is restored when they are assayed in the presence of food or exogenous dopamine. However, it is not known which receptor might be mediating dopamine's effects on octanol avoidance. Herein we describe a role for the C. elegans D2-like receptor DOP-3 in the regulation of olfactory sensitivity. We show that DOP-3 is required for the ability of food and exogenous dopamine to rescue the octanol avoidance defect of rgs-3 mutant animals. In addition, otherwise wild-type animals lacking DOP-3 function are hypersensitive to dilute octanol, reminiscent of cat-2 mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DOP-3 function in the ASH sensory neurons is sufficient to rescue the hypersensitivity of dop-3 mutant animals, while dop-3 RNAi knockdown in ASH results in octanol hypersensitivity. Taken together, our data suggest that dopaminergic signaling through DOP-3 normally acts to dampen ASH signaling and behavioral sensitivity to octanol.
OBSERVATIONS ON SEMINAL VESICLE DYNAMICS IN AN IN VIVO RAT MODEL

AbstractPurpose: To gain understanding of the seminal vesicle as a muscular organ, seminal vesicle compliance and contractile properties were quantified with an in vivo, microsurgical rat model.Materials and Methods: Microsurgical dissection was performed on anesthetized rats to enable simultaneous organ filling and monitoring of intraluminal pressures. The reliability and reproducibility of post-ganglionic hypogastric nerve-induced ipsilateral (4 rats) and bilateral (5 rats) seminal vesicle contractile responses were assessed during repeated nerve stimulation. Seminal vesicle resting compliance was assessed during a constant saline infusion (10 rats). Functional performance curves were obtained at fixed fill-volumes by measuring organ contraction after nerve stimulation (4 rats).Results: A reproducible seminal vesicle contractile response was obtained with a nerve stimulation interval > 15 minutes. Bilateral seminal vesicle responses were observed with unilateral nerve stimulation. The resting organ comp...