cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
L-Tree: a dynamic labeling structure for ordered XML data

With the ever growing use of XML as a data representation format, we see an increasing need for robust, high performance XML database systems While most of the recent work focuses on efficient XML query processing, XML databases also need to support efficient updates To speed up query processing, various labeling schemes have been proposed However, the vast majority of these schemes have poor update performance In this paper, we introduce a dynamic labeling structure for XML data: L-Tree and its order-preserving labeling scheme with O(log n) amortized update cost and O(log n) bits per label L-Tree has good performance on updates without compromising the performance of query processing We present the update algorithm for L-Tree and analyze its complexity.
Intra-arterial therapies for acute ischemic stroke: unsafe and without proven value

Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) has been demonstrated by randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trials to provide a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke when administered within 4.5 h of onset to carefully selected patients.1–3 Outcomes are still poor in some eligible patients, including those with intracranial large artery thrombotic occlusions and many patients do not meet the stringent eligibility requirements.4 Intra-arterial therapies (IAT) to open large artery occlusions, both with thrombolytic drugs and mechanical devices, have been developed to address these needs. This review summarizes the current evidence for the safety and efficacy of these therapies. All IAT carry substantial risks of causing neurological worsening. Rates of early symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in published studies are consistently 8–11%.5–10 These therapies cannot be considered safe when 1 in 10 patients will be worse off because of the treatment. However, they might still be clinically effective if the overall clinical benefit is sufficient to outweigh these adverse effects. IAT with thrombolytic drugs has been studied by randomized, controlled clinical trials with clinical endpoints as primary outcome measures. In contrast, published studies of IAT with FDA approved devices for mechanical clot extraction or dissolution have all been single arm studies with no concurrent controls and primary outcome measures based on improving angiographic findings, not clinical outcomes. ### Randomized controlled clinical trials of IAT with thrombolytic drugs There have been five randomized, controlled clinical trials of IAT with thrombolytic drugs for acute ischemic stroke: The Australian Urokinase Stroke Trial, the SYNTHESIS (Local Versus Systemic Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke) pilot study, PROACT (Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism Trial) I, PROACT II and MELT (Middle Cerebral Artery Embolism Local Fibrinolytic Intervention Trial). (An additional trial did not have randomized or concealed treatment allocation.11) The Australian Urokinase Stroke Trial was a 1:1 randomized, controlled, open label, blinded follow-up trial …
Comparisons of sequence labeling algorithms and extensions

In this paper, we survey the current state-of-art models for structured learning problems, including Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Conditional Random Fields (CRF), Averaged Perceptron (AP), Structured SVMs (SVMstruct), Max Margin Markov Networks (M3N), and an integration of search and learning algorithm (SEARN). With all due tuning efforts of various parameters of each model, on the data sets we have applied the models to, we found that SVMstruct enjoys better performance compared with the others. In addition, we also propose a new method which we call the Structured Learning Ensemble (SLE) to combine these structured learning models. Empirical results show that our SLE algorithm provides more accurate solutions compared with the best results of the individual models.
VISTAL---a new 2D visualization tool of protein 3D structural alignments

Summary: We offer a tool, denoted VISTAL, for two-dimensional visualization of protein structural alignments. VISTAL describes aligned structures as a series of matched secondary structure elements, colored according to the three-dimensional distance of their Cα atoms. Availability: VISTAL can be downloaded from http://trantor.bioc.columbia.edu/~kolodny/software.html Contact: [email protected]
Strategically Comparing Selected Major College Basketball Powerhouses Through The Resource Based View Of The Firm

The key to sustaining a competitive advantage through effective management is working with people. Especially dealing with sport management and marketing, concepts such as organizational culture and reputation are identifying strategic assets that are intangible resources. These concepts form the basis on the strategic theory behind the Resource-based View (RBV) of the firm. Strategic assets are intangible since they are inherently hard to duplicate, since duplication requires the inputs of how an object reacts with all the senses. Intangible assets are, by their very nature, ‘unknowable’ in the purest sense and, thus, difficult to duplicate. In addition, intangible assets are rare in that the variations that will be found within will be profound from owner to owner. The organizational cultures and reputations of the Duke University and the University of Cincinnati were compared, since they have petitions for national level basketball, but radically different organizational cultures. What constitutes organizational culture in one organization will have differences not present in another’s culture, thus allowing for some teams to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage.
The impact of morbidity trajectories on identifying high-cost cases: using Taiwan's National Health Insurance as an example

Background Incorporating longitudinal information into risk-adjustment models has been considered important. This study aimed to evaluate how morbidity trajectories impact risk-adjustment models in identifying high-cost cases. Methods Claims-based risk adjusters, with or without morbidity trajectories derived from 3-year claims from Taiwan’s National Insurance System, were used to predict being a prospective high-cost user. A random sample of Taiwanese National Health Insurance enrollees continuously enrolled from 2002 to 2005 (n ¼ 147 892) was the study sample. A logistic regression model was employed. The performance measures, based on the split analysis, included statistical indicators (c-statistics, sensitivity and predictive positive value), proportions of true cases identified by models and medical utilization of predicted cases. Results As the comprehensiveness of risk adjustment models increased, the performance of the models generally increased. The effect of adding trajectories on the model performance decreased as the comprehensiveness of the model increased. Such impact was most apparent in statistical indicators and medical utilization of the predicted groups.
Minimizing Global Interconnect in DSP Systems using Bypassing

There is a wide consensus that performance and power consumption of IC designs in deep submicron technologies is mainly dictated by interconnect requirements. Our goal is demonstrate how compilation and architectural techniques can be used to minimize and balance interconnect requirements. Specifically, we target the use of bypass units to reduce routing congestion and eliminate long interconnections while essentially preserving or even improving the throughput requirements. We formulate the bypassing problem, establish its complexity and develop an efficient integer-linear programming (ILP) formulation. In addition to satisfying user specified interconnect requirements, we simultaneously optimize the number of operations and, therefore runtime of the targeted application. The approach is prototyped and evaluated using a platform consisting of the Trimaran architecture and compilation tools and the CPLEX ILP solver.
Role of the BK channel (KCa1.1) during activation of electrogenic K+ secretion in guinea pig distal colon.

Secretagogues acting at a variety of receptor types activate electrogenic K+ secretion in guinea pig distal colon, often accompanied by Cl− secretion. Distinct blockers of KCa1.1 (BK, Kcnma1), iber...
Weight control practices of Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes

ABSTRACTObjectives: Altering body weight can have substantial effects on an athlete’s performance and well-being. Limited information is available describing the weight control practices of Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes.Methods: Weight control practices data from 188 (138 male and 50 female; 18-23 y) Division I NCAA athletes were analyzed as a part of this cross-sectional, retrospective study. Participants completed questionnaires on weight control practices and weight control nutrition knowledge at the end of their season and were classified into weight-sensitive and less weight-sensitive sports.Results: A higher proportion of females attempted to lose weight than males among less weight-sensitive sports (61% vs. 22%, chi-square = 15.8, p < 0.001). However, the prevalence of weight loss attempts was not different between females and males among weight-sensitive sports (50% vs. 60%, chi-square = 0.5, p = 0.479). The prevalence of weight gain attempts differed by gende...
Version Control Management for Federated Service-oriented File Sharing

The major objective of the Service Oriented Computing Environment (SORCER) is to form dynamic federations of network services that provide for concurrent engineering systems: shared data, applications, tools, and utilities on a service grid along with exertion-oriented programming. To meet the requirements of these services in terms of design data sharing and managing in the form of data files, a corresponding federated file system was developed. The file system fits the SORCER philosophy of interactive exertion-oriented programming for distributed collaborative applications, where users create service-oriented programs and can access data files in the same way they use their local file system. However, there was no efficient management of file explicit versions during complex design in related concurrent engineering systems. Thus, a separate Version Control Management Framework was developed to fit with the SORCER metacomputing philosophy and to manage effectively versions of all files in a uniform way.
Comparing operative exposures of the le fort I osteotomy and the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach to the clivus.

Objectives We compare surgical exposures to the clivus by Le Fort I osteotomy (LFO) and the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA). Methods Ten cadaveric specimens were imaged with 1.25-mm computed tomography. After stereotactic navigation, EEEA was performed followed by LFO. Clival measurements included lateral and vertical limits to the midline lower extent of exposure ( t test). Results For EEFA and LFO, respectively, maximal lateral exposure in millimeters (mean ± standard deviation) was 24.5 ± 3.7 and 24.5 ± − 3.8 ( p = 0.99) at the opticocarotid recess (OCR) and 25.1 ± − 4.1 and 24.1 ± − 3.0 ( p = 0.53) at the foramen lacerum level; lateral reach at the hypoglossal canals was 39.0 ± − 5.88 and 56.1 ± − 5.3 ( p = 0.0004); and vertical extension was 56.0 ± − 4.1 and 56.3 ± − 3.4 ( p = 0.78). Conclusions For clival exposures, LFO and EEEA were similar craniocaudally and laterally at the levels of the OCR and foramen lacerum. LFO achieved greater exposure at the level of the hypoglossal canal.
Compelling Computational Evidence for the Concerted Cyclization of the ABC Rings of Hopene from Protonated Squalene

The long-standing question of what is the nature of the cyclization of squalene to form tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenes has been addressed computationally. Using the DFT method with an intrinsic reaction coordinate calculation, we find that the first three rings of protonated squalene were formed without the intermediacy of mono- or bicyclic carbocations. The cyclization, calculated in the gas phase, proceeds in a highly asynchronous, concerted reaction to yield the tricyclic, tertiary carbocation with a 5-membered C ring. The fourth double bond of squalene is not properly oriented for the ring expansion of the C ring in concert with the formation of the 5-membered ring.
Initial Modeling of Material Phase Driven Localized Corrosion

Localized corrosion often occurs when regions of a single material demonstrate a difference in electrochemical potential. Cathodic and anodic regions can develop in a component comprised of a single material. This variation is one cause of localized corrosion damage. This phenomenon of localized anode and cathode regions is well documented but not well understood. In this work the authors are examining variations in electrochemical response of individual grains within a metallic material. The objective is to determine if the distinct electrochemical response associated with austenite and ferrite phases in steel are sufficient to create a localized electrochemical corrosion cell. In this paper the authors present the first of a series of models that capture localized electrochemical corrosion driven by variations in grain polarization response.
Influence of refrigerated storage time on efficacy of irradiation to reduce Salmonella on sliced Roma tomatoes.

Contamination of tomatoes with Salmonella is a recurring food safety concern. Irradiation is a nonthermal intervention that can inactivate pathogens on fresh and minimally processed produce. However, the influence of tomato processing protocols, including time in refrigerated storage and time between slicing and irradiation, has not been determined. Roma tomatoes were sliced and inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella outbreak strains. The inoculated tomatoes were held in refrigerated storage for various times after inoculation to simulate the potential time delay between packaging and irradiation. Tomatoes were irradiated immediately (0 h) or after 24, 48, or 72 h in storage. The surviving populations were recovered and enumerated. Irradiation effectively reduced Salmonella at all times. The D 10 -values (the dose necessary for a 1-log reduction of the pathogen) were not significantly different at each storage time and ranged from 0.382 to 0.473 kGy. These results suggest that the time required for holding of processed Roma tomatoes or shipment to an off-site irradiation service provider will not alter the efficacy of irradiation in a commercial environment.
Deposition of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3-Films on High-Grade Steel Hastelloy and Modification by Ion Implantation

Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) was used to deposit Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films on high-grade steel Hastelloy. This material is suitable as substrate and electrode material as well. The deposited films were characterized with respect to their structural (XRD, RBS), topological (AFM) and their ferroelectric properties (P(E) hysteresis, retain and fatigue) which were found to be excellent. The ferroelectric properties in general, are sensitive to structural modifications and chemical doping and could therefore be influenced by ion implantation. Several species of ions (Ca+, O+) show different influence on the ferroelectric behavior and on the structural defects of the films. A subsequent annealing process can partially restore these modifications. The implanted Ca+ films were characterized by dielectric spectroscopy dependend on frequency and temperature to get information about ferroelectric domains.
Confusion,Imagination and Reconstruction:Looking at the Cultural Mentality of Chinese Writers in the 1990's to Liu Xinwu' " Qifenglou" as an Example

Liu Xinwu's novel " Qifenglou" showed three hot issues in the literature of the 1990: the distinction between literature " inward" and " outward",the fictional imagination of the bottom and a new change of the relationship between the bottom and the intellectual,the critique of extreme ideas and the image of the new government officials. These questions reflect the specific cultural mentality of Chinese intellectuals in the 1990's.
Current Role of Uterine Artery Embolization in the Management of Uterine Fibroids

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a well-established therapy for uterine fibroids, with safety and efficacy demonstrated in several comparative randomized trials. It is a minimally invasive procedure, which allows for rapid recovery and return to normal activities. Most studies demonstrate outcomes similar to those of myomectomy with a reintervention rate of 20% to 30% at 5 years after therapy. While pregnancy is often successful after UAE, limited comparative data suggest that myomectomy may be preferred in those patients who have not had prior fibroid interventions. UAE should be discussed as an option for most women presenting for treatment of fibroids.
Advances in the use of prodrugs for drug delivery to the eye.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Ocular drug delivery is presented with many challenges, taking into account the distinctive structure of the eye. The prodrug approach has been, and is being, employed to overcome such barriers for some drug molecules, utilizing a chemical modification approach rather than a formulation-based approach. A prodrug strategy involves modification of the active moiety into various derivatives in a fashion that imparts some advantage, such as membrane permeability, site specificity, transporter targeting and improved aqueous solubility, over the parent compound.Areas covered: The following review is a comprehensive summary of various novel methodologies and strategies reported over the past few years in the area of ocular drug delivery. Some of the strategies discussed involve polymer and lipid conjugation with the drug moiety to impart hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, or to target nutrient transporters by conjugation with transporter-specific moieties and retrometabolic drug design.Expert...
Simon, Robert. The Modern, the Postmodern, and the Fact of Transition—The Paradigm Shift through Peninsular Literature . Lanham, MD: UP of America, 2012. Print.

Robert Simon procura neste livro articular a teoria de Kuhn acerca das mudancas de paradigma com a sua leitura das movimentacoes na poesia portuguesa e espanhola da segunda metade do seculo XX, associando esta mesma proposta de reconhecimento de uma mudanca paradigmatica e destas evolucoes esteticas a uma transicao entre o que lhe parece ser a modernidade e a pos-modernidade poeticas ibericas.
COMPARISON OF INDIRECT VIDEO LARYNGOSCOPES IN CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN TWO YEARS OF AGE: A RANDOMIZED TRAINEE EVALUATION STUDY.

Background Gaining proficiency with various airway management tools is an important goal for anesthesiology training. Indirect video laryngoscopes facilitate tracheal intubation in adults, but it is not clear whether these findings translate to children. This study evaluates the total time to successful intubation when performed by anesthesiology trainees using GlideScope Cobalt® video laryngoscopy (GlideScope), Storz DCI® video laryngoscopy (Storz), or direct laryngoscopy (Direct) in children Methods Sixty-five children presenting for elective surgery were randomly assigned to undergo tracheal intubation using GlideScope, Storz, or Direct. Laryngoscopists were anesthesiology trainees in clinical anesthesia year ≥2 who had proven basic proficiency with each laryngoscope on an infant airway manikin. Total time to successful intubation (TTSI, seconds), rate of successful intubation on first laryngoscopy attempt, and the change in intubation time from manikin to clinical settings were recorded. An intubation time difference >10 seconds was defined as clinically significant. Results TTSI was longer for Storz (42.1; 34.0 to 59.0) than for Direct (21.5; 17.0 to 34.3; p=0.002). We were not able to demonstrate a difference >10 seconds between the GlideScope and the other laryngoscopes. Median manikin intubation time was Conclusions Anesthesiology trainees completed manikin tracheal intubation rapidly with all laryngoscopes studied, but required a clinically significant longer time to tracheally intubate children
An Open Repository Model for Acquiring Knowledge About Scientific Experiments

The availability of high-quality metadata is key to facilitating discovery in the large variety of scientific datasets that are increasingly becoming publicly available. However, despite the recent focus on metadata, the diversity of metadata representation formats and the poor support for semantic markup typically result in metadata that are of poor quality. There is a pressing need for a metadata representation format that provides strong interoperation capabilities together with robust semantic underpinnings. In this paper, we describe such a format, together with open-source Web-based tools that support the acquisition, search, and management of metadata. We outline an initial evaluation using metadata from a variety of biomedical repositories.
Work–Life Balance and Preventing Burnout

Most physicians struggle to find balance between the professional rigors of patient care and personal obligations. Intrinsic personality qualities common among doctors as well as myriad external pressures contribute to the burden of stress physicians must manage to avoid burnout . Untreated, burnout may lead to substandard patient care, disrupted personal relationships, increased incidence of substance abuse and suicide, or early abandonment of the profession. Self-awareness is key to early recognition and avoidance of burnout. Those in the throes of burnout may still benefit from interventions that are under investigation such as education in mindfulness and practicing techniques aimed with the goal of promoting a more positive philosophical outlook.
Urban-Rural Differences in Tubal Ligation Incidence in the State of Georgia, USA.

Purpose To evaluate the difference in tubal ligation use between rural and urban counties in the state of Georgia, USA. Methods The study population included 2,160 women aged 22-45. All participants completed a detailed interview on their reproductive histories. County of residence was categorized using the National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification Scheme. We estimated the association between urbanization of county of residence and tubal ligation using Cox regression. Among women with a tubal ligation, we examined factors associated with prior contraception use and the desire for more children. Findings After adjustment for covariates, women residing in rural counties had twice the incidence rate of tubal ligation compared with women in large metropolitan counties (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4-2.9) and were on average 3 years younger at the time of the procedure. No differences were observed between small metropolitan and large metropolitan counties (aHR = 1.1, CI = 0.9-1.5). Our data suggest that women from large metropolitan counties are slightly more likely than women from rural counties to use hormonal contraception or long-acting reversible contraception prior to tubal ligation and to desire more children after tubal ligation. Conclusions Women from rural counties are more likely to undergo a tubal ligation than their urban counterparts. Our results suggest that circumstances regarding opting for tubal ligation may differ between urban and rural areas, and recommendations of alternative contraceptive options may need to be tailored differently for rural areas.
The self-ownership proviso: A critique

Recently, Eric Mack, Edward Feser, and Daniel Russell have argued that self-ownership justifies a constraint on the use of property such that an owner’s use of property may not severely negate the ...
A Remark on the Fourier Pairing and the Binomial Formula for the Macdonald Polynomials

We concisely and directly prove that the interpolation Macdonald polynomials are orthogonal with respect to the Fourier pairing and briefly discuss immediate applications of this fact, in particular, to the symmetry of the Fourier pairing and to the binomial formula.
The Possible Existence of a Charge Transfer State which Preceeds the Formation of (BChl)2 + BPh− in Rhodobacter sphaeroides Reaction Centers

The nature of the first electron transfer step in the photosynthetic reaction center protein is far from certain. Several investigators have considered a monomeric BChl to be important in promoting forward electron transfer from (BChl)2* to BPh. The center of the BChl is positioned in the X-ray crystal structure 0.25nm from the center of the (BChl)2, measured in a direction parallel with the z-axis of the protein (4,5). The monomer is displaced out of the direct line joining (BChl)2 and BPh centers but nevertheless it remains an obvious candidate to be on the electron transfer reaction pathway. However, careful searches in the picosecond time domain for absorbance changes that may be associated with transient redox changes on the BChl have failed to demonstrate its involvment in the sequence over a wide temperature range (1–3 although see ref. 6). Instead, spectroscopic investigations with picosecond and subpicosecond resolution have revealed that the loss of the excited singlet state of the special pair of bacteriochlorophylls, (BChl)2*, coincides with the appearance of the reduced bacteriopheophytin (BPh−). Thus, the formation of the state (BChl)2 + BPh−, which is positioned some 0.2ev below the (BChl)2* state appears to occur in a single step with a rate of approximately 3×1011 s−1 (1–3). This separates charge across the approximately 1.1 nm between the centers of the (BChl)2 and BPh, again measured along the line parallel to the z-axis of the protein (4,5). Because of the closly matched kinetics of (BChl)2* decay and BPh− appearance, the involvement of BChl as a conventional redox carrier is cryptic and in doubt. However, it is acknowledged in these studies that, for technical reasons, levels of BChl+ or BChl− must achieve 15% of the total reaction center population to be detected with any certainty. Thus, there are several viable models (see refs 1–3,6,7–10 for discussion) that can explain these early steps in photosynthesis leading to formation of (BChl)2 + BPh−. These include: 1. The BChl plays no part in electron transfer from (BChl)2 to BPh. 2. The BChl serves to increase the electron coupling between (BChl)2 and BPh by the mechanism of superexchange. 3. The BChl is a bona fide redox agent that accepts an electron from (BChl)2* to form (BChl)2 + BChl− which is followed by electron donation to BPh. 4. The BChl is a bona fide redox agent, but the reaction sequence is that singlet energy transfer from (BChl)2* to BChl first induces an electron transfer from BChl to BPh to form BChl+BPh−. The cation BChl+ so formed then moves to the (BChl)2.
Assessing Mediation in HIV Intervention Studies

Objectives. A mediator is a psychosocial construct that is targeted by an intervention to bring about behavior change. Recent literature suggests that a widely used approach for assessing mediation, namely the causal steps method, can be severely statistically underpowered. This article describes three standard methods for assessing mediation: causal steps, difference in coefficients, and product of coefficients. We also demonstrate the use of asymmetric confidence limits (ACLs) in testing mediation. Methods. We compared the results obtained by ACL construction with results obtained based on the causal steps and product of coefficients approaches to analyze data from the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial. Results. ACL construction uncovered previously unidentified mediating factors. We also identified a marginally significant suppressor, which means that, with regard to this factor, the intervention had effects that were opposite from the desired direction. Conclusions. ACLs are preferred for this type of analysis because of their statistical power and because they are informative regardless of whether the intervention has a significant effect on the outcome. Furthermore, ACLs present the size of the mediating effect rather than just a binary decision regarding significance.
Spatial anatomic knowledge for 2-D interactive medical image segmentation and matching.

Abstract A representation is described for two-dimensional anatomic shapes which can be described by single-valued distortions of a circle. The representation, called a radial contour model, is both generic, in that it captures the expected shape as well as the range of variation for an anatomic shape class, and flexible, in that the model can deform to fit an individual instance of the shape class. The model is implemented in a program called SCANNER (version 0.61) for 2-D interactive image segmentation and matching. An initial evaluation was performed using 7 shape models learned from a training set of 93 contours, and a control model containing no shape knowledge. Evaluation using 60 additional contours showed that in general the shape knowledge should reduce interactive segmentation time by a factor of two over the control, and that for specific shapes such as the eye, the improvement is much greater. A matching function was also devised which showed that the radial contour model should allow diagnosis of subtle shape changes. These results suggest that the use of spatial anatomic knowledge, when combined with good interactive tools, can help to alleviate the segmentation bottleneck in medical imaging. The models, when extended to more complex shapes, will form the spatial component of a knowledge base of anatomy that could have many uses in addition to image segmentation.
A sequence-to-sequence model-based deep learning approach for recognizing activity of daily living for senior care.

Abstract Ensuring the health and safety of independent-living senior citizens is a growing societal concern. Researchers have developed sensor based systems to monitor senior citizens' Activity of Daily Living (ADL), a set of daily activities that can indicate their self-caring ability. However, most ADL monitoring systems are designed for one specific sensor modality, resulting in less generalizable models that is not flexible to account variations in real-life monitoring settings. Current classic machine learning and deep learning methods do not provide a generalizable solution to recognize complex ADLs for different sensor settings. This study proposes a novel Sequence-to-Sequence model based deep-learning framework to recognize complex ADLs leveraging an activity state representation. The proposed activity state representation integrated motion and environment sensor data without labor-intense feature engineering. We evaluated our proposed framework against several state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning benchmarks. Overall, our approach outperformed baselines in most performance metrics, accurately recognized complex ADLs from different types of sensor input. This framework can generalize to different sensor settings and provide a viable approach to understand senior citizen's daily activity patterns with smart home health monitoring systems.
Reduced models for adaptive chemistry simulation of reacting flows

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a model reduction method in an adaptive chemistry framework methodology for simulating reacting flows with high chemical accuracy and significant computational saving. Eleven reduced models have been generated based on a one-dimensional laminar flame using this method. A two-dimensional laminar partially premixed methane-air flame has been simulated using these reduced models through the adaptive chemical approach. For the case studied, adaptive chemistry reproduces accurately the full chemistry solution and is about four times faster than the full chemistry solution procedure. An effective application of the adaptive chemistry depends on one's ability to automatically and efficiently generate libraries comprising reduced models that are significantly smaller than the full mechanism, but nonetheless very accurate. To use the adaptive chemistry approach, one has to first construct a reduced model library. The number of species in each reduced model is determined by eliminating all species with formation and destruction rates—both below a threshold value.
Antithermal mobility in Σ7 and Σ9 grain boundaries caused by stick-slip stagnation of ordered atomic motions about Coincidence Site Lattice atoms

Abstract Antithermal grain boundary migration is an interesting phenomenon that has been recently discovered. These grain boundaries behave opposite to what is expected of thermally activated grain boundary migration; the antithermal grain boundaries exhibit mobility that decreases with increasing temperature. Two recent studies have provided insight into important behaviors correlated with antithermal migration. O'Brien and Foiles (J Mater. Sci. Vol. 51, p. 6607–6623, 2016) demonstrated that the high mobility exhibited by an antithermal Σ7 grain boundary is enabled by ordered atomic motions. Ulomek and Mohles (Acta Mater. Vol. 103, p. 424–432, 2016) demonstrated that the thermal migration of a different Σ7 grain boundary exhibited a two-step migration process. In this work, we demonstrate that the antithermal temperature dependence exhibited by these types of grain boundaries is caused by a combination of these two discoveries. Specifically, ordered atomic motions about Coincidence Site Lattice atoms (atoms common to the lattices on either side of the grain boundary), seen by O'Brien and Foiles, are interrupted by additional thermal energy at higher temperature. This is the source of the two-step process seen by Ulomek and Mohles. This two-step process is akin to stick-slip behaviors observed in shear coupled grain boundary migration. As temperature is increased, the duration of the stagnant portion increases and the mobility decreases. This behavior is demonstrated through molecular dynamics simulations in nickel bicrystals over temperatures ranging from 100 to 1400 K for Σ7 and Σ9 grain boundaries. For these Σ7 and Σ9 grain boundaries, those that have ordered atomic mechanisms are almost exclusively antithermal, while those that do not have ordered atomic mechanisms are thermally activated.
Proceedings of the12th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments

Welcome to the 12th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS Conference on Virtual Execution Environments (VEE'16). We are happy to present the community with a strong program covering a wide range of virtualization topics. This year's conference continues its tradition of providing a forum for researchers and practitioners to interact, shared ideas, and discuss the latest work on virtualization. The conference brings together people from different domains of computer science, from the top of the software stack down to the micro-architectural level. Authors registered 55 papers, of which 39 were finalized as complete submissions. The program committee (PC) consisted of 2 chairs and 16 researchers active in virtualization-related aspects of programming languages and operating systems. Members were allowed to submit papers; the cochairs chose not to submit anything. Reviewing was double-blind and was done almost entirely by the committee, with a little assistance from external experts. Submissions generally received 4 reviews, and authors were given the opportunity for rebuttal before the PC meeting. The program committee meeting was held in February at the Intel offices in Santa Clara, California. Most of the committee members were present in person, while the remaining dialed in. In an 8-hour session, we discussed all papers except those that were marked as early rejects for receiving only negative reviews. We followed conventional rules for conflict of interest, with conflicted members (including co-chairs) leaving the room during discussion of the conflicted papers. In the end, we accepted 13 papers for presentation at the conference, of which three were shepherded by PC members. In addition to the 13 accepted papers, the VEE'16 program includes two keynote presentations by Ada Gavrilovska and Kathryn S. McKinley. This year's program also includes a panel discussion on the state of virtualization. We hope that the resulting proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the area of virtualization.
Visual Substitution Systems: Control and Information Processing Considerations.

A detailed discussion of the visual mechanisms found in the higher vertebrates is used as the basis for exploring the problems found in creating visual substitution systems. Specific attention is g...
QoE-Centric Multimedia Relay in Energy Efficient NOMA Wireless Communications

In Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) downlink the Base Station (BS) transmits to multiple User Equipments (UEs) at the same time and the same frequency with different power levels. However making full use of the promising NOMA technology to relay multimedia contents for UEs in wireless media service is an open issue. In this paper, a Quality of Experience (QoE)-centric multimedia relaying scheme is proposed, where the NOMA is not only applied at the downlinks between the BS and UEs, but also at the Device-to-Device (D2D) relay links among UEs during the relaying phase. By mathematically analyzing the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) model in downlinks and D2D relay links, we show that the new QoE-centric relay scheme would significantly improve the multimedia QoE of UEs, especially for the UEs with low SINR. In addition, the QoE and energy consumption models are developed in order to comprehensively analyze the system performance. Finally, through numerical simulation we quantitatively analyze the energy efficiency and QoE performance of UEs in different NOMA systems with various numbers of UEs.
PTEN Mouse Models of Cancer Initiation and Progression

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is one of the most frequently mutated, deleted, and functionally inactivated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. PTEN is found mutated both somatically and in the germline of patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). PTEN encodes a dual lipid and protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates the lipid phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), in turn negatively regulating the oncogenic PI3K-AKT pathway, a key proto-oncogenic player in cancer development and progression. Because of importance of PTEN in tumorigenesis, a large number of sophisticated genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) has been designed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which the "PTEN pathway" promotes tumorigenesis, while simultaneously providing a well-tailored system for the identification of novel therapies and offering platforms for new drug discoveries. This review summarizes the major cancer mouse models through which the PTEN pathway has been genetically deconstructed, and outlines the rapid development of GEMMs toward more detailed functional and tissue-specific analysis.
AI, IoT hardware and Algorithmic Considerations for Hearing aid and Extreme Edge Applications

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made many significant advances over recent years. Starting out as mainly university research endeavors, recent significant breakthroughs have pushed the practicality of AI to the forefront. It is making fast inroads to traditional industrial applications and it is clear that given sufficient computing resources, AI is applicable to almost anything.The breakthrough referenced is mostly the result of the diligent persistence of a number of AI researchers in combination with large increases in available computation power to reconsider much deeper neural networks than previously used which were consistently rejected because of their large complexity reasons. Deep Neural Nets have proven to be an adept framework and up to solving the difficult challenges proven previous machine learning approaches could not solve.Recently, driven by enhanced computational power and necessity, edge applications have arisen to the forefront. Generally, now that cloud computing is available, a choice may be made where to locate the recognition engine, local to the data source or on the cloud where considerable computing resources are available.Hearing aids, a product on the edge now connected via one or more wireless links and fully immersed in IoT are the subject and consideration of this paper. It is natural to consider whether, via these links, remote computation is possible and appropriate for hearing aid applications. Difficulties arise when remote computation is attempted simply because the local data to be inferenced must be transmitted. Summarizing, utilizing remote computing for local recognition creates, two immediate problems: 1) the transmission of possibly private data across an insecure channel, and 2) the channel may not exist in remote or adverse transmission environments. Two further difficulties emerge in an important subset of applications, including hearing aids and hearable products: 1) Delay from the transmission latency required to obtain Cloud computation – although fast and capable – once the information is obtained and 2) Transmission power.
SpaceX: Leveraging Government Support to Raise Private Capital

Perpetually short of investment capital, Elon Musk used government awards to enlarge the value of his firm and attract more private investors. McCurdy explains how Musk raised the necessary capital to become the only new space entrepreneur to win both a NASA cargo transport award and a crew delivery award.
The Use of Equine-Assisted Programs for Nontraditional Undergraduate Clinical Pediatric Experiences

Abstract Pediatric inpatient clinical sites are challenging to obtain for undergraduate nursing students; thus, educators are considering nontraditional clinical experiences. This article explores equine-assisted therapy as a nontraditional pediatric clinical experience. Four concepts about equine therapy are important for students, faculty, and clinicians: triangular relationship, perception of the horse, facilitator experience, and atmosphere. Students learn that clinical practice can occur in different settings with no clinical site more important than another site.
Reducing Cognitive Load for Anatomy Students with a Multimodal ITS Platform

Students of human anatomy face domain-specific and generational challenges in their acquisition of the subject material. Anatomy is detail-heavy and overwhelming, as the larger conceptual framework is built upon interdependent components connected by several types of multidirectional relationships in four domains, all acting simultaneously. Adding to the difficulty of the material are changes in the educational and social environment, including “teaching to the test” and extensive cell phone usage among students, which has been found to correlate positively with inattention. Proper scaffolding of student development of higher-level cognitive processes has the potential to create positive learner outcomes in tomorrow’s medical workforce. Based on over 100 hours of expert interviews, our new ITS for teaching human anatomy and physiology uses a hierarchical concept map with unlockable content, shows multiple types of relationships, and is color-coded by domain to help students master the complex material.
Hepatitis A virus survival on drug paraphernalia.

The ongoing hepatitis A outbreaks in multiple states in the United States have concerned public health authorities since March 2017. The outbreaks have spread throughout 30 states and include primarily persons who use drugs, including persons who inject drugs (PWID) and persons experiencing homelessness. Contaminated drug injection paraphernalia and sharing of these items could potentially aid in transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) among these populations. We examined HAV survival on drug paraphernalia frequently shared among PWIDs. The effect of low pH on HAV survival using citric acid, which is frequently used by PWIDs during dose preparation, was investigated. We compared the plaque assay results with those concurrently obtained by qRT-PCR to establish whether HAV RNA levels could be used as surrogates for plaque assay results. HAV suspended in minimal essential media at room temperature infected FRhK4 cells for more than 17 weeks. HAV remained viable in syringes/needles for up to 10 weeks depending on the gauge of the needles and the syringe dead volumes, and on cookers, tourniquets and cotton balls/filter surfaces for up to 4 weeks. HAV retained its infectivity for more than 10 weeks at pH as low as 2. In conclusion, our findings show that HAV survives and remains infective in or on injection drug use equipment for 1 to 10 weeks depending on the type of paraphernalia examined and environmental conditions. These findings suggest that contaminated drug paraphernalia can potentially facilitate the transmission of HAV within populations who share these items.
The Punjab Schools Reform Roadmap: A Medium-Term Evaluation

In 2010, a whole-system reform was designed and launched in the Punjab province of Pakistan called the Punjab Schools Reform Roadmap (PSRR). This reform was a direct response to the challenges of education in the province at the time, which included scale, capacity to deliver, and political will. Further, 2010 was a time at which the political and administrative landscape of Pakistan was changing: the right to education act had just been formalized and education was simultaneously devolved from a federal matter to a provincial one.
Cognitive and motor slowing mediate the relationship between depression and falls in multiple sclerosis patients.

Abstract Objective Given the limited research concerning the relationship between depression and falls in multiple sclerosis (MS), this study aimed to examine the direct and indirect association between fall history and depressive symptoms. Methods One hundred and forty seven MS patients had completed at least one neuropsychological assessment that included detailed information regarding fall history, as well as measures of depression, motor function, and cognitive processing speed. Results Fall history was associated with higher depressive symptoms and poorer overall motor function. Higher self-reported depressive symptoms were associated with higher odds of falls in the last year (OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.16, 2.31) in an age adjusted model. Cognitive and motor slowing serially mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and fall history (estimate = 0.060, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.15). Conclusions With the extensive research on the cognitive and motor correlates of falls in MS, our findings suggest that depressive symptoms are also associated with falls in people with MS. Moreover, this study provides preliminary support for a pathway by which depressive symptoms are related to falls in part through their relationships with cognitive and motor slowing.
Four-dimensional NOE-NOE spectroscopy of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease to facilitate resonance assignment and structural analysis

Abstract. Resonance assignment and structural studies of larger proteins by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be challenging when exchange broadening, multiple stable conformations, and 1 H back-exchange of the fully deuterated chain pose problems. These difficulties arise for the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease, a homodimer of 2 × 306 residues. We demonstrate that the combination of four-dimensional (4D) TROSY-NOESY-TROSY spectroscopy and 4D NOESY-NOESY-TROSY spectroscopy provides an effective tool for delineating the 1 H– 1 H dipolar relaxation network. In combination with detailed structural information obtained from prior X-ray crystallography work, such data are particularly useful for extending and validating resonance assignments as well as for probing structural features.