cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bounds related to domination in graphs with minimum degree two

A dominating set for a graph G = (V,E) is a subset of vertices V′ ⊆ V such that for all v E V − V′ there exists some u E V′ for which {v, u} E E. The domination number of G is the size of its smallest dominating set(s). We show that for almost all connected graphs with minimum degree at least 2 and q edges, the domination number is bounded by (q + 1)/3. From this we derive exact lower bounds for the number of edges of a connected graph with minimum degree at least 2 and a given domination number. We also generalize the bound to k-restricted domination numbers; these measure how many vertices are necessary to dominate a graph if an arbitrary set of k vertices must be incluced in the dominating set. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 25: 139–152, 1997
Deletion derivatives of pAgK84 and their use in the analysis of Agrobacterium plasmid functions

The 47.7-kb plasmid pAgK84, present in Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84, confers production of a novel, highly specific, antiagrobacterial antibiotic called agrocin 84. Strain K84 is used commercially to biocontrol crown gall caused by agrocin 84-susceptible strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Efficient biocontrol is dependent upon production of agrocin 84 by strain K84. Starting with a derivative of pAgK84 containing a Tn5 insertion, a series of deletion derivatives of the plasmid were isolated. The smallest of these, pJS500, contains about 8 kb of the original agrocin plasmid and localized the replication functions to between 4 and 6 o'clock on the physical map. A smaller derivative, produced by clonal rescue of a Tn5 insertion in the 4 o'clock region, further localized the minimal replication functions to a 1.5-kb region mapping between coordinates 18.1 and 19.6. Analysis of plasmid stability indicated that functions required for maintenance of the plasmid under nonselective conditions are tightly linked to the minimal replication region. This region also encodes incompatibility functions; the deletion derivatives were all incompatible with the wild-type pAgK84. The stability/replication locus of pAgK84 maps just anticlockwise from the Tra region. This region is retained fully in pAgK1026, the directed Tra- derivative of pAgK84 which is now in use as the primary crown gall biocontrol agent in Australia. One of the deletion derivatives, the 15-kb pJS400, was used as a vector to clone the KpnI fragments of an octopine-type Ti plasmid. Traits known to be encoded on these fragments were expressed and properly regulated in Agrobacterium hosts. One clone, encoding the Ti plasmid replication/incompatibility region, was used to cure IncRh1 Ti plasmids from their hosts. This clone also was found to be incompatible with pAtK84b, a large plasmid encoding opine catabolism present in A. radiobacter strain K84. This indicates that the opine catabolic plasmid is closely related to the IncRh1 Ti plasmids.
An Aggregation-Based Domain Decomposition Preconditioner for Groundwater Flow

We consider theoretical and computational issues associated with an aggregation-based domain decomposition preconditioner applied to a Bi-CGSTAB iterative solver used to solve both Laplace's equation and an important nonlinear model from hydrology used to simulate unsaturated flow, Richards' equation. Theoretical results for Laplace's equation provide estimates of the condition number and the rate of convergence for a two-level Schwarz domain decomposition preconditioner. Computational results for Laplace's equation and Richards' equation show excellent scalability, although no theory is yet available to support the results for the difficult nonlinear problem.
Influence of Plasma Urea on Urine Concentration in the Opossum ( Didelphis marsupialis virginiana )

INCREASING the amount of urea in the plasma has been shown to enhance urine concentration in many mammals (man, cat, dog, sheep, white rat, kangaroo rat, jerboa1,2, and rabbit3). In some mammals, however, changing the concentration of urea does not affect urine concentration; in the pig, beaver and Aplodontia, enhancement does not occur1,3. It was hypothesized that the inability of the latter group to raise its urine osmotic ceiling following increases in plasma urea is a primitive condition because these species are relatively primitive, phylogenetically.
Occurrence, function and biosynthesis of wax esters in marine organisms.

Wax esters occur as a major lipid-type in at least 30 species of marine animals, distributed among 17 orders and 3 phyla. They are of limited usefulness as a chemotaxonomic character, since only in two suborders, the calanoid copepods, Calanoidei, and the toothed whales, Odontoceti, do the wax esters occur in all members so far examined. In bony fishes their occurrence in muscle correlates better with mesopelagic habitat and vertical migration patterns than with taxonomy. Homologs with 21 to 44 total carbon atoms have been reported, but the usual range for the wax esters in copepods and fish is C30–C42. In fishes the muscle wax esters contain predominantly one and two double bonds per molecule, while in roe lipids up to 65% of the homologs contain three or more double bonds. The component alcohols are saturated and monounsaturated, with 16∶0 and 18∶1 as the usual major constituents. The fatty acids are more diverse, but 18∶1 is most often the main component, and 16∶1 and 20∶1 are frequent major constituents; polyunsaturated acids make up 1–12% in fish muscle and whale oils and up to 45% in fish roe wax esters. Possible functions of the wax esters are for buoyancy, as energy reserves and for thermal insulation. In vitro, various tissues of marine bony fishes synthesize wax esters from long chain alcohols and fatty acids, without activation. A competing pathway for the long chain alcohols in vivo is their catabolic oxidation to the corresponding fatty acids. The key to the accumulation of wax esters is to be sought in the metabolism of the long chain alcohols, their biosynthesis and esterification vs. their catabolism.
"The grand still mirror of eternity": Temporal dualism and subjectification in Carlyle and Dickens

When Carlyle praises “wondrous Dualism” in Past and Present, he invokes a model for conceptualizing man's role in the world that held widespread, even hegemonic currency in mid-Victorian culture. The centrality of dualist discourse during the mid-Victorian period, thanks in part to Carlyle's translations of German literature and philosophy in the 1830s, cannot be overstated. Carlyle argues that dualism transhistorically frames all human activity: “In wondrous Dualism, then [in the year 1200] as now, lived nations of breathing men; alternating, in all ways, between Light and Dark; between joy and sorrow, between rest and toil” (50; bk. 2, ch. 1). The subject “man” – I use the masculine advisedly – endlessly oscillates between the opposing elements that constitute the universe. This, for Carlyle, is the position of all men. To be heroic, however, one must recognize and negotiate the most wondrous dualism of all, time and eternity: “this Earthly life, and its riches and possessions, and good and evil hap, are not intrinsically a reality at all, but are a shadow of realities eternal, infinite; that this Time-world, as an air-image, fearfully emblematic, plays and flickers in the grand still mirror of Eternity; and man's little Life has Duties that are great, that are alone great, and go up to Heaven and down to Hell” (72; bk. 2, ch. 6). Minor dualisms are subsumed in the opposition between “Time-world” and “Eternity,” and in the “mirror” of the latter, man discerns himself: his ultimate insignificance, yet the greatness of his “Duties.” Carlyle emphasizes that these duties demand the payment of obedience to one's temporal and eternal superiors – heroic ancestors, captains of industry, colonial governors, and God. Only then can heroic men once again be born, like the laboring Hercules or the humble Christ, from temporal-eternal intercourse.
HIV Therapy Simulator

Abstract: Computer simulation models can be useful in exploring the efficacy of HIV therapy regimens in preventing the evolution of drug-resistant viruses. Current modeling programs, however, were designed by researchers with expertise in computational biology, limiting their accessibility to those who might lack such a background. We have developed a user-friendly graphical program, HIV Therapy Simulator (HIVSIM), that is accessible to non-technical users. The program allows clinicians and researchers to explore the effectiveness of various therapeutic strategies, such as structured treatment interruptions, booster therapies and induction-maintenance therapies. We anticipate that HIVSIM will be useful for evaluating novel drug-based treatment concepts in clinical research, and as an educational tool. Availability: HIV Therapy Simulator is freely available for Mac OS and Windows at http://sites.google.com/site/hivsimulator/. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary Information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Rosiglitazone Treatment Restores Renal Dopamine Receptor Function in Obese Zucker Rats

Earlier we have reported a defective dopamine D1-like receptor function, which was accompanied by a decrease in D1 receptor numbers and the inability of dopamine to inhibit Na,K-ATPase and Na,H-exchanger in proximal tubules of hyperinsulinemic obese Zucker rats. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the defect in dopamine receptor function is a result of hyperinsulinemia in obese rats. We designed experiments to study D1 receptor function in obese Zucker rats treated with rosiglitazone, as it lowers plasma insulin by improving insulin sensitivity. A group of untreated lean and obese rats served as controls. Rosiglitazone treatment (10 mg/kg orally, 4 weeks) caused significant decreases in plasma insulin, blood glucose, and blood pressure while causing an increase in renal sodium excretion compared with untreated obese rats. In the isolated proximal tubules obtained from untreated lean rats, dopamine caused concentration-dependent inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase activity, but this inhibitory effect was absent in untreated obese rats. In rosiglitazone-treated obese rats, the inhibitory effect of dopamine on Na,K-ATPase was significantly restored. This was accompanied by a complete restoration of D1 receptor numbers in proximal tubular membranes of treated obese rats. In another set of experiments, treatment of primary proximal tubule epithelial cells in culture medium with insulin caused a significant decrease in the D1 receptor abundance, suggesting a direct role of insulin on D1 receptor regulation. We conclude that hyperinsulinemia causes downregulation of D1 receptor function and lowering of plasma insulin levels leads to restoration of renal D1 receptor function.
A Qualitative Case Study Exploring Nurse Engagement With Electronic Health Records and E-Prescribing

There is a national focus on the adoption and use of electronic health records (EHRs) with electronic prescribing (e-Rx) for the goal of providing safe and quality care. Although there is a large body of literature on the benefits of adoption, there is also increasing evidence of the unintentional consequences resulting from use. As little is known about how use of EHR with e-Rx systems affects the roles and responsibilities of nurses, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to describe how nurses adapt to using an EHR with e-Rx system in a rural ambulatory care practice. Six themes emerged from the data. Findings revealed that nurses adjust their routine in response to providers’ preferential behavior about EHR with e-Rx systems yet retained focus on the patient and care coordination. Although perceived as more efficient, EHR with e-Rx adoption increased workload and introduced safety risks.
A procedure to select the best subset among simulated systems using economic opportunity cost

We consider subset selection problems in ranking and selection with tight computational budgets. We develop a new procedure that selects the best m out of k stochastic systems. Previous approaches have focused on individually separating out the top m from all the systems being considered. We reformulate the problem by casting all m-sized subsets of the k systems as the alternatives of the selection problem. This reformulation enables our derivation to follow along traditional ranking and selection frameworks. In particular, we extend the value of information procedure to subset selection. Furthermore, unlike previous subset selection efforts, we use an expected opportunity cost (EOC) loss function as evidence for correct selection. In minimizing the EOC, we consider both deriving an asymptotic allocation rule as well as approximately solving the underlying optimization problem. Experiments show the advantage of our approach for tests with small computational budgets.
Flooding in Texas: Examination of Temporal Changes and Impacts of Tropical Cyclones

Annual maximum peak discharge measurements from 62 stations with a record of at least 70 years are used to assess extreme flooding in Texas at the regional scale. This work focuses on examination of the validity of the stationarity assumption and on the impact of tropical cyclones (TCs) on the upper tail of the flood peak distribution. We assess the validity of the stationarity assumption by testing the records for abrupt and gradual changes. The presence of abrupt changes in the first two moments of the flood peak distribution is assessed using the Lombard test. We use the Mann-Kendall test to examine the presence of monotonic trends. Results indicate that violations of the stationarity assumption are most commonly caused by abrupt changes, which are often associated with river regulation. We fit the time series of stationary flood records with the generalized extreme value distribution to investigate whether TCs control the upper tail of the flood peak distribution. Our results indicate that TCs play a diminished role in shaping the upper tail of the flood peak distribution compared with areas of the eastern United States subject to frequent TCs.
Socioeconomic Position and Major Mental Disorders

Psychiatric epidemiologists were among the first to use the term “social epidemiology” (1), and the role of the social environment in the etiology and course of major mental disorders continues to be investigated (2–5). A number of reviews published in the late 1990s documented the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and specific mental disorders (6–9); in 2003, a comprehensive meta-analysis of the research on SEP and depression (10) concluded that both prevalence and incidence studies show that persons of low SEP (i.e., low educational and low income levels) are at a higher risk of depression.
Isolated Knee Pain: A Case Report Highlighting Regional Interdependence

Study Design Case report. Background A number of pain referral patterns for sacroiliac dysfunction have been reported in the literature. However, very little has been written about pain localized to the knee joint for cases involving sacroiliac dysfunction. Case Description A 25-year-old female runner was self-referred to physical therapy for medial knee pain of 4% weeks’ duration without a significant onset event. The pain completely curtailed her training for the Boston Marathon. Examination of the patient's knee and hip did not reveal any abnormal findings and there was no reproduction of pain with any test procedures except for medial knee joint tenderness to palpation. Additional, more proximal examination suggested significant asymmetry of sacral bony landmarks of the pelvic girdle without significant findings on the provocation tests of the sacroiliac joint. A single session of manual therapy procedures directed to the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joint ipsilateral to the side of knee pain was pr...
Sustained release hormonal preparations. 2. Factors controlling the diffusion of steroids through dimethylpolysilozane membranes.

Abstract Mean diffusion of 6-methyl-16-methylene-17 α -acetoxypregna-4, 6-diene-3, 20-dione through dimethylpolysiloxane membrane into water was 140 μg/24 hrs/100 mm 2 /0.1 mm; (dl)-13β-ethyl-17 α -ethynyl-17β-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one diffused with a rate of 73 μg/24 hrs/100 mm 2 /0.1 mm. When plasma instead of water was used for incubation, the diffusion rates were increased by the following factors: 2.4 times for 19-norpregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione; 1.5 times for 6-methyl-17 α -acetoxypregna-4, 6-diene-3, 20-dione, and 4.7 times for (dl)-13β-ethyl-17 α -ethynyl-17β-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one. Measurements of diffusion through porous glass discs, and of solubility in different solvents indicated that the steroid molecules diffuse through the dimethylpolysiloxane in a non-solvated form.
Benefits of Power and Propulsion Technology for a Piloted Electric Vehicle to an Asteroid

NASA's goal for human spaceflight is to expand permanent human presence beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). NASA is identifying potential missions and technologies needed to achieve this goal. Mission options include crewed destinations to LEO and the International Space Station; high Earth orbit and geosynchronous orbit; cis-lunar space, lunar orbit, and the surface of the Moon; near-Earth objects; and the moons of Mars, Mars orbit, and the surface of Mars. NASA generated a series of design reference missions to drive out required functions and capabilities for these destinations, focusing first on a piloted mission to a near-Earth asteroid. One conclusion from this exercise was that a solar electric propulsion stage could reduce mission cost by reducing the required number of heavy lift launches and could increase mission reliability by providing a robust architecture for the long-duration crewed mission. Similarly, solar electric vehicles were identified as critical for missions to Mars, including orbiting Mars, landing on its surface, and visiting its moons. This paper describes the parameterized assessment of power and propulsion technologies for a piloted solar electric vehicle to a near-Earth asteroid. The objective of the assessment was to determine technology drivers to advance the state of the art of electric propulsion systems for human exploration. Sensitivity analyses on the performance characteristics of the propulsion and power systems were done to determine potential system-level impacts of improved technology. Starting with a "reasonable vehicle configuration" bounded by an assumed launch date, we introduced technology improvements to determine the system-level benefits (if any) that those technologies might provide. The results of this assessment are discussed and recommendations for future work are described.
QoS supported efficient clustered query processing in large collaboration of heterogeneous sensor networks

Significant worldwide growth is witnessed in development and deployment of huge numbers of heterogeneous sensor networks. These all brings the issue of state-of-the-art federations or collaborations among such networks. Query Processing operation in such collaborative systems has major challenges: fast and scalable query processing, QoS support for query, flexible and robust collaborative system design etc. To our knowledge there has not been much work done on designing scalable and efficient query processing among the huge collaboration of sensor networks. The work EE-QPS designed a pipelined query optimization problem based on energy efficiency. But with varying demands (energy, delay, reliability etc.) of different queries, the Quality of Service (QoS) support becomes very important. Also, entirely sequential or entirely parallel query processing have problems with latency and scalability. Then a hybrid query processing scheme can have flexibility to deliver better performance for all kinds of collaborative systems. Considering all these aspects, we have proposed QoS-QPS, a QoS supported clustered Query Processing System. We have designed a flexible model for querying cost of sensor networks. The cost model is inexpensive to compute and general enough to apply. Then we propose clustered query processing technique, that utilizes a constrained graph partitioning algorithm. This whole QoS aware query processing technique delivers balanced and efficient clustering of sensor networks based on implication relationship. Comprehensive simulations study shows that our proposed scheme is better than existing techniques in compromising among different system requirements. The results also validate the efficiency, scalability and applicability of QoS-QPS. Further we have analyzed potential architectural issues and possible solutions.
Struggle Against Power: Notes on Indian Political Behavior

INDIA'S experiment with democratic institutions is still only an experiment. Although India adopted a parliamentary system when she achieved independence in 1947 and has thus far been able to maintain her democratic institutions with much more success than some other newly independent Asian nations, no observer can have complete confidence in their stability. Indians have had to adjust from the role of natives in a country occupied by an imperialist power to that of citizens in a democracy, and the adjustment has not been easy. Traditional attitudes have a way of persisting and are not always readily accommodated to a parliamentary system of government.
Nuclear detection to prevent or defeat clandestine nuclear attack

Countering clandestinely delivered nuclear and radiological threats requires a multielement, global, civil/military, system-of-systems approach. One important element is geographically layered, sensor-based detection of threat objects, including radiation detection systems. An effective defense against these threats should take advantage of the latest developments in radiation detection technology. This paper reviews the physics of nuclear detection, and points out areas where improvements can be anticipated, via case studies of technologies such as gamma-ray imaging, advanced radiography, large-area detectors, and active interrogation.
Behaviour of carbon and boron impurities in the Madison Symmetric Torus

Temporally and spatially resolved measurements of carbon and boron impurity density are obtained in the reversed field pinch (RFP) for the first time. It is observed that, unlike in tokamaks and stellarators, the RFP does not exhibit a centrally peaked impurity profile in either standard plasmas where field lines have some degree of stochasticity, or improved confinement discharges where there exist well-nested flux surfaces for a substantial fraction of the plasma volume. Results from improved confinement discharges also indicate an outward convection of impurities from the core of the plasma.
Occupational reproductive hazards

Although the causes of many reproductive disorders remain unknown, scientific evidence is accumulating to implicate occupational agents in fertility disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Effective assessment and management of workers exposed to reproductive hazards often involves a team-based approach. By identifying potential reproductive hazards, making appropriate referrals, and by educating and advocating for patients, clinicians can play an important part in safeguarding the reproductive health of workers.
On distance coloring

An undirected graph G =(V ,E ) is (d ,k )-colorable if there is a vertex coloring using at most k colors such that no two vertices within distance d have the same color. It is well known that (1,2)-colorability is decidable in linear time, and that (1,k )-colorability is NP -complete for k ≥3. This paper presents the complexity of (d ,k )-coloring for general d and k , and enumerates some interesting properties of (d ,k )-colorable graphs. The main result is the dichotomy between polynomial and NP -hard instances: for fixed d ≥2, the distance coloring problem is polynomial time for $k \leq \lfloor \frac{3d}{2} \rfloor$ and NP-hard for $k > \lfloor \frac{3d}{2} \rfloor$ . We present a reduction in the latter case, as well as an algorithm in the former. The algorithm entails several innovations that may be of independent interest: a generalization of tree decompositions to overlay graphs other than trees; a general construction that obtains such decompositions from certain classes of edge partitions; and the use of homology to analyze the cycle structure of colorable graphs. This paper is both a combining and reworking of the papers of Sharp and Kozen [14, 10].
Injury in an Elderly Population before and after Initiating a Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

BackgroundQuality guidelines recommend avoidance of skeletal muscle relaxants in patients 65 years and older, but this recommendation is based on expert opinion, not evidence.Objective:To describe an elderly population using skeletal muscle relaxants and compare the incidence of physical injury among these patients before and after initiation of the medication.Methods:This was a retrospective, pre-post cohort analysis, with each patient serving as his/her own control. In a population of elderly patients who purchased a prescription for a skeletal muscle relaxant, the primary outcome was to compare the proportion of patients experiencing an injury in a 60-day period prior to initiating the drug to the proportion experiencing an injury in the 60 days immediately following the purchase date.Results:Of the 11,875 patients included in the study. 108 (0.9%) experienced an injury during the baseline period and 144 (1.2%) experienced an injury in the 60-day follow-up period (unadjusted OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.7...
Radiative cooling calculated by random band models with S−1−β tailed distribution

Abstract Random band models with S-l-u tailed distribution for line intensity are proposed for both the Lorentz lineprofile and an approximate Voigt line profile suggested by Zhu. Such a distribution for the weak line intensityis more realistic than a Goody or Malkmus distribution. The transmission functions for the Goody and Malkmusrandom models can be derived as two special cases (j3 = -I and j3 = 0) of the present formulation, which isexpressed in the form of the hypergeometric function. It is shown that if j3 0.2, the improvement to thecalculations using the tailed distribution is as great as using the Malkmus rather than the Goody model.The transmission function for the Voigt line profile is applied to the calculations of Cot 15 pm band coolingrate in the middle atmosphere. The results show that by choosing more appropriate distribution in randomband models, the accuracy in cooling rate can be significantly improved, while the computation effort requiredis comparable in magnitude to the corresponding...
Phosphorylation-dependent stimulation of prostanoid synthesis by nigericin in cerebral endothelial cells.

Nigericin decreases intracellular pH (pHi) and stimulates prostanoid (PG) synthesis in endothelial cells from cerebral microvessels of newborn pigs. Nigericin-induced PG production was abolished by...
Do Regulatory Reforms Stimulate Investment and Growth? Evidence from the Doing Business Data, 2003-07

The role of regulatory barriers in inhibiting entrepreneurship, investment and employment creation is an old topic in economics. This study utilizes a five-year panel of data on regulations and procedures from the World Bank’s Doing Business project, along with Arellano-Bond dynamic panel estimators, looking for evidence that regulatory reforms lead to higher aggregate investment rates (roughly, factor demand) or GDP growth conditional on investment rates (roughly, factor productivity). It looks both at individual regulatory indicators and more aggregate measures of the incidence of reforms, finding some evidence of positive impacts of regulatory reforms in countries which are relatively poor (conditional on governance) and relatively well-governed (conditional on income). Relatively poor and relatively well-governed countries grow about 0.4 and 0.2 percentage points faster in the year immediately following one or more reforms, respectively. In both subsets of countries, investment rates accelerate by about 0.6 percentage points in the subsequent year.
Age and Turnout in New Electorates and Peasant Societies

In established electorates in developed countries, voting turnout has a familiar curvilinear relationship with age. In new electorates, however, lack of experience and supposed resistance to new behavior among middle-aged voters suggest that turnout might be greater among the young. In peasant societies, the start-up costs that reduce turnout among young adults might not apply because of immobility of the population and resulting familiarity with local politics. Data from an early election in rural Kenya and from rural Turkey show that the familiar relationship holds even in these circumstances. The results suggest that increased electoral experience and resistance to newly available behavior do little to shape turnout. Mobility of the young, even in peasant populations, and psychological factors associated with aging are more powerful elements.
Mouse Mammary Tumor ExpressingMMTV-SmoM2as a Tool To Study Lung Metastasis.

Background: The hedgehog signaling network regulates pattern formation, proliferation, cell fate and stem/progenitor cell self-renewal in many organs. Altered hedgehog signaling is implicated in 20-25% of all cancers, including breast cancer. We demonstrated previously that expression of activated human SMO (SmoM2) under the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter in transgenic mice leads to increased proliferation, altered differentiation, ductal dysplasias, and increase the proportion of mammosphere-forming cells, with reduction of stem cell pool, in virgin mice.Material and Methods: We isolated and established a tumor line from this mouse line (named TU505). To investigate the role of hedgehog signaling in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis we transplanted TU505 fragments (1-2mm3) to a cleared fat pad of 3 week-old mice. After 10 days we removed the primary tumors and let the mice recover for another 3 weeks, which at that time the animals were sacrificed and the lungs removed under stereomicroscope. The lung metastases visible at naked eyes were snap frozen for RNA isolation, and the remaining lungs fixed in 4%PFA.Results: The TU505 is a tumor expressing MMTV-SmoM2, triple-negative (ER-, PR-, and HEB2-), hormone independent, highly metastatic to the lung, and with a robust expression of Ptch1, Ptch2, Smo, Gli2, and Gli3. The gene expression of primary tumor and metastasis are compared.Discussion: The hedgehog signaling networks has been associated with metastasis. The TU505 is a strong tool to study mammary gland tumorigenesis and metastasis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2165.
The Influence of Health Education for Children with Fever Convulsion

Objective To observe the influence of health education for children with fever convulsions,to summarize the nursing experience.Methods Clinical data of 65 children with fever convulsions in our hospital from January 2008 to October 2008 were reviewed,One hundred and fifteen cases children with fever convulsion were divided into two groups,65 cases in intervention group,and other 50cases in control group.The rapid intravenous channel were established,quickly check,keeping respiratory tract unobstructed,to supply oxygen,reduce body temperature quickly,to strengthen monitoring in two groups,and health education and care treatment later etc.The extra health education nursing intervention were given in intervention group.The recurrence rate of convulsion with high fever in 2 years was observed.Results There were 2 cases relapsed convulsion with high fever in 65 patients of intervention group in 2 years,recurrence rate is 3.3%.(2/65),and the recurrence rate in control group is 24.0%(12/50)There was a significant difference between two geoups.(χ2=11.571,P0.01).Conclusion Health care education for children convulsion with high fever has a positive impact in prognosis,health education propaganda nursing should be strengthened in children with high fever convulsion
Study on Phase Shift Efficiency of GaAs-GaAlAs Modulator

The etching ridge GaAs-GaAlAs DH phase modulators are reported.The reverse-biasedvoltage,the wavelength of optical sources and carrier concentration dependence of phase mo-dulator on phase shifting efficiency of the devices are studied.The largest phase shifting effi-ciency ever reported in a reverse-biased p-n junction is observed.
Chemical and isotope compositions of shallow groundwater in areas impacted by hydraulic fracturing and surface mining in the Central Appalachian Basin, Eastern United States

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing of shale deposits has greatly increased the productivity of the natural gas industry by allowing it to exploit previously inaccessible reservoirs. Previous research has demonstrated that this practice has the potential to contaminate shallow aquifers with methane (CH 4 ) from deeper formations. This study compares concentrations and isotopic compositions of CH 4 sampled from domestic groundwater wells in Letcher County, Eastern Kentucky in order to characterize its occurrence and origins in relation to both neighboring hydraulically fractured natural gas wells and surface coal mines. The studied groundwater showed concentrations of CH 4 ranging from 0.05 mg/L to 10 mg/L, thus, no immediate remediation is required. The δ 13 C values of CH 4 ranged from −66‰ to −16‰, and δ 2 H values ranged from −286‰ to −86‰, suggesting an immature thermogenic and mixed biogenic/thermogenic origin. The occurrence of CH 4 was not correlated with proximity to hydraulically fractured natural gas wells. Generally, CH 4 occurrence corresponded with groundwater abundant in Na + , Cl − , and HCO 3 − , and with low concentrations of SO 4 2− . The CH 4 and SO 4 2− concentrations were best predicted by the oxidation/reduction potential of the studied groundwater. CH 4 was abundant in more reducing waters, and SO 4 2− was abundant in more oxidizing waters. Additionally, groundwater in greater proximity to surface mining was more likely to be oxidized. This, in turn, might have increased the likelihood of CH 4 oxidation in shallow groundwater.
Reliable transformation system for Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae informed by genome and transcriptome project

Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae is a member of a species complex infecting host plants in the Caryophyllaceae. It is used as a model system in many areas of research, but attempts to make this organism tractable for reverse genetic approaches have not been fruitful. Here, we exploited the recently obtained genome sequence and transcriptome analysis to inform our design of constructs for use in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques currently available for other fungi. Reproducible transformation was demonstrated at the genomic, transcriptional and functional levels. Moreover, these initial proof-of-principle experiments provide evidence that supports the findings from initial global transcriptome analysis regarding expression from the respective promoters under different growth conditions of the fungus. The technique thus provides for the first time the ability to stably introduce transgenes and over-express target M. lychnidis-dioicae genes.
Ultrahigh Bandwidth, Low Vπ Photonic Crystal BaTiO3 Modulators

BaTiO3 modulators with as low as 3.9 V Vπ and as high as 28 GHz bandwidth are reported. We demonstrate photonic crystal waveguides with a group index of 4 and predict > 50 GHz bandwidth and < 5 V operation in optimized photonic crystal modulators.
Experiments of human-robot teaming under sliding autonomy

This paper describes a sliding autonomy approach for coordinating a team of robots to assist the human operator to accomplish tasks while adapting to new or unexpected situations by requesting help from the human operator. While sliding autonomy has been well studied in the context of controlling a single robot. Much work needs to be done to apply sliding autonomy to a multi-robot team, especially human-robot team. Our approach extends the traditional sliding autonomy by including a new mode that support human-robot peer-to-peer collaboration. We validated our approach in the USARSim simulation and on physical robots, and demonstrated that the human-robot team's overall performance can be improved under the sliding autonomy control.
Bridging the Colleges: Perspectives on the Integrated University

The decision in 1961 to gather seven municipal colleges—four senior and three community—into a single City University of New York (CUNY) built a promise of improved undergraduate education on a premise of shared objectives. In the next 15 years, CUNY grew to include 18 colleges, embarked on open admissions (but lost its free tuition), all the while operating on the premise of an intellectual, educational, and social mission shared by all. Today, with the addition of several new CUNY-wide graduate and professional schools, this largest urban university continues to think of itself as unified and describes this ideal as the “integrated university.” This chapter describes my own probing of the meanings and margins of an “integrated” urban undergraduate education at CUNY.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Current ancillary testing methods for determining HPV status

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a unique form of carcinoma that largely arises from the tonsillar tissue in the oropharynx. These tumors often present with cervical lymphadenopathy resulting in a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Use of the cytology specimen to determine the HPV-status has significant prognostic and treatment implications as HPV-related tumors have a more favorable prognosis and response to nonsurgical therapies. While several different ancillary testing methods are available that have proven effective for determining HPV status in FNA specimens from HNSCCs, there is currently no consensus regarding HPV testing in this setting. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:221-229. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Discordant Views in the Management of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair has a lower perceived risk than open surgical repair and has become an increasingly popular alternative. Whether general consensus exists regarding candidacy for either operation among open and endovascular specialists is unknown. A retrospective review of isolated descending thoracic aortic aneurysm at our institution between January 2005 and October 2015 was performed, excluding trauma and dissection. Two cardiac surgeons, 2 cardiovascular surgeons, 1 vascular surgeon, and 1 interventional radiologist gave their preference for open vs endovascular repair. Interobserver agreement was assessed with the kappa coefficient. k-means clustering agnostically grouped various patterns of agreement. The mean rating was predicted using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Negative binomial regression predicted the discrepancy between our panel of raters and the historical operation. Generalized estimating equation modeling was then used to evaluate the association between the extent of discrepancy and the adverse perioperative outcome. There were 77 patients with preoperative imaging studies. Pairwise interobserver agreement was only fair (median weighted kappa 0.270 [interquartile range 0.211-0.404]). Increasing age and proximal neck length predicted an increasing preference for thoracic endovascular aortic repair in our panel; larger proximal neck diameter predicted a general preference for open surgical repair. Increasing proximal neck diameter predicted a larger discrepancy between our panel and the historical operation. Greater discrepancy was associated with adverse outcome. Substantial disagreement existed among our panel, and an exploratory analysis of the effect of increasing discrepancy demonstrated an association with adverse perioperative outcome. An investigation of the effect of a thoracic aortic team with open and endovascular specialists is warranted.
Information Exchange and Team Coordination in Human Supervisory Control

Abstract This paper addresses issues of “socio-technical” demands for effective team performance in supervisory control tasks. Team members must exchange data and system information, as well as interpersonal meanings and contexts, in order to develop shared and synchronized models of system behavior. The author’s extensions of current human performance models, including SRK frameworks, incorporate multiple information exchange and task coordination performance issues required to support expert team performance and “optimal” information exchange in a dynamic task environment.
Electrochemical Investigation of the Eu3+/2+ Redox Couple in Complexes with Variable Numbers of Glycinamide and Acetate Pendant Arms

The Eu3+/2+ redox couple provides a convenient design platform for responsive pO2 sensors for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specifically the Eu2+ ion provides T1w contrast enhancement under hypoxic conditions in tissues, whereas, under normoxia, the Eu3+ ion can produce contrast from chemical exchange saturation transfer in MRI. The oxidative stability of the Eu3+/2+ redox couple for a series of tetraaza macrocyclic complexes was investigated in this work using cyclic voltammetry. A series of Eu-containing cyclen-based macrocyclic complexes revealed positive shifts in the Eu3+/2+ redox potentials with each replacement of a carboxylate coordinating arm of the ligand scaffold with glycinamide pendant arms. The data obtained reveal that the complex containing four glycinamide coordinating pendant arms has the highest oxidative stability of the series investigated.
[Conformational Fingerprinting Using Monoclonal Antibodies (on the Example of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme-ACE)].

During the past 30 years my laboratory has generated 40+ monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to structural and conformational epitopes on human ACE as well as ACE from rats, mice and other species. These mAbs were successfully used for detection and quantification of ACE by ELISA, Western blotting, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In all these applications mainly single mAbs were used. We hypothesized that we can obtain a completely new kind of information about ACE structure and function if we use the whole set of mAbs directed to different epitopes on the ACE molecule. When we finished epitope mapping of all mAbs to ACE (and especially, those recognizing conformational epitopes), we realized that we had obtained a new tool to study ACE. First, we demonstrated that binding of some mAbs is very sensitive to local conformational changes on the ACE surface-due to local denaturation, inactivation, ACE inhibitor or mAbs binding or due to diseases. Second, we were able to detect, localize and characterize several human ACE mutations. And, finally, we established a new concept - conformational fingerprinting of ACE using mAbs that in turn allowed us to obtain evidence for tissue specificity of ACE, which has promising scientific and diagnostic perspectives. The initial goal for the generation of mAbs to ACE 30 years ago was obtaining mAbs to organ-specific endothelial cells, which could be used for organ-specific drug delivery. Our systematic work on characterization of mAbs to numerous epitopes on ACE during these years has lead not only to the generation of the most effective mAbs for specific drug/gene delivery into the lung capillaries, but also to the establishment of the concept of conformational fingerprinting of ACE, which in turn gives a theoretical base for the generation of mAbs, specific for ACE from different organs. We believe that this concept could be applicable for any glycoprotein against which there is a set of mAbs to different epitopes.
Hybrid Revascularization Combining Iliofemoral Endarterectomy and Iliac Stent Grafting for TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus C and D Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease.

Background This study examines the outcome of hybrid revascularization combining iliofemoral endarterectomy and iliac artery stenting using covered stents in TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) C and D aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) involving the common femoral artery (CFA). Methods A retrospective review was conducted in patients with TASC C and D AIOD involving the CFA and undergoing hybrid revascularization. Covered stents were used primarily. Demographics, indications for surgery, lesion classification, hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day morbidity/mortality, hemodynamic and clinical success, and patency were assessed. Results Thirty-six male patients (41 limbs), mean age 63.9 ± 6 years, were identified (TASC C = 39%, D = 61%). Indications for surgery were claudication (27%), rest pain (44%), and tissue loss (29%). A simultaneous adjunctive procedure (5 infrainguinal bypass, 3 superficial femoral artery stents) was performed in 22%. Thirty-day outcomes included 1 mortality (2.7%) and 2 reoperation (5.5%), 1 for femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and 1 for bilateral groin seroma. LOS was 4 days (interquartile range 3–6). All patients with available data experienced 30-day clinical and hemodynamic success. Mean follow-up was 23 months (range 1–79 months) with a primary patency of 85.4%. Cumulative primary assisted and secondary patency was 92.6%. The femoral patch repair was the most frequent site of reintervention (3/3). Mortality was 34% during the study period, and it was significantly higher in patients with tissue loss (57.1% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.01). Conclusions The hybrid approach has low morbidity, mortality, and fast recovery. The use of covered stents/stent grafts provides good mid-term patency. Close follow-up with noninvasive imaging is paramount to avoid repair failure, in particular at the femoral patch repair site.
Development of the HOOSglobal to Assess Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hip Preservation Procedures.

Background:The creation of a single patient-reported outcome (PRO) platform validated across hip preservation, osteoarthritis (OA), and total hip arthroplasty (THA) populations may reduce barriers ...
Sexual conflict does not maintain female colour polymorphism in a territorial damselfly

Female-limited dimorphism is commonly hypothesized to be an adaptation resulting from male harassment or sexual conflict over female mating rate. We examined whether males discriminate between female colour morphs of the beautiful Hawaiian damselfly, Megalagrion calliphya, in order to evaluate whether male harassment could explain the existence and/or maintenance of this dimorphism. Previous studies of this species suggest that spatially varying ecological selection maintains the dimorphism, but these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Here, we used a common method of measuring male behaviour towards secured females at mating sites under naturally occurring conditions, using five populations that range in male-like female morph frequency from 0 to 0.86. We found very low rates of interaction in a total of 64 one-hour trials, and male behaviour towards females did not differ significantly between colour morphs. By comparing the populations that vary in female morph frequency, we found no evidence of frequency-dependent sexual selection on colour, suggesting that this polymorphism is maintained by selective forces other than sexual conflict.