cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Pediatric Care Psychopharmacology: Focus on Medications for ADHD, Depression, and Anxiety.

The evidence base for psychopharmacologic interventions in youth with depressive and anxiety disorders as well as attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has dramatically increased over the past two decades. Psychopharmacologic interventions commonly utilized in the pediatric primary care setting—selective serotonin (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs/SSNRIs), stimulants and α 2 agonists—are reviewed. General pharmacologic principles are summarized along with class-related side effects and tolerability concerns (e.g., suicidality and activation in antidepressant-treated youth as well as insomnia, irritability, anorexia in stimulant-treated pediatric patients). Selected landmark trials of antidepressant medications in youth with depressive disorders [Treatment of Adolescent Depression Study (TADS) and the Treatment of SSRI-Resistant Depression Study (TADS)] and anxiety disorders [Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS) and Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS)] are described in addition to the Multimodal Treatment of ADHD Study. Finally, available data are presented that are related to prediction of treatment outcomes in youth with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and ADHD.
Designing Blended Learning Models to Support Computational Learning: Minecraft Edition (Abstract Only)

This workshop introduces participants to the Digital Youth Network's Minecraft City Server; a project that seeks to lower the barrier of who can lead computing-related learning opportunities for diverse youth. We present teaching techniques and advice for adapting the Minecraft platform as an educational portal based upon the research we have done with youth across Chicago. Participants will receive handouts describing mentorship techniques and curriculum models that facilitate learning interactions in a blended space. Of critical focus will be exploring the question of how to coordinate mentorship when working in two learning spaces (online and physical) simultaneously. Handouts will be supplemented with a discussion of the adult support roles that we identified as being critical to running engaging Minecraft learning experiences for youth. The workshop will also allow participants to experience the affordances of Minecraft to create an engaging blended learning environment that teaches computational concepts. Participants will receive a hands-on introduction to the basic game mechanics, designing with Redstone, the in-game equivalent to electrical circuitry, and exploring computer programming in-game with Python.
Right “Man” for the Job? The Influence of Gender on Civil–Military Friction:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of women in politics on the risk of a coup d’etat. Previous research indicates that the relationship between female political leaders and secu...
Review of "DYNAMIC RESEARCH SUPPORT FOR ACADEMIC LIBRARIES"

Column description. Books reviewed in the Professional Reading column will fit one or more of the following topics: reference and research services, user education, information literacy, personnel management in public services, relevant technology topics, access services, online searching techniques, and marketing/outreach, including services to distance learners. Interested reviewers can contact Todd A. Bruns.
An intelligent closed loop single-switch DC/DC converter with high voltage step-up ratio for roof-mounted solar cells electric vehicle

In the upcoming field of e-mobility, roof-mounted solar cell systems are used to operate the thermoelectric system, compressors for maintaining the cabin temperature and also to extend the cruising range of electric vehicles. Managing and maintaining the voltage output is crucial. Intelligent DC-DC converters can improve the overall efficiency of the solar cells. The inbuilt intelligence in the converter will manage the output voltage depending on the load and the solar power output. This work proposes a closed-loop single-switch DC-DC power converter with inbuilt charging state control intelligence. The proposed single-switch, high-voltage gain converter is developed applying modified diode inductor capacitor cells to a conventional boost converter. The operation principle of the proposed converter was analyzed. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical results. Based on the simulation results the proposed controller can maintain the output voltage at the required level with respect to the changes in load and generation.
Bicycle-Inspired Adaptive Self-Centering Device: Development of the Prototype, Experimental Results, and Analytical Predictions

AbstractA new adaptive self-centering device for structural protection has been developed using the mechanism of traditional bicycle, which uses a combination friction-ratchet-pawl-lever mechanism....
Starships and Cybersecurity: Teaching Security Concepts through Immersive Gaming Experiences

As the world grows more technology involved, teaching some measure of cybersecurity has become imperative. Our research lab aims to help increase the cybersecurity interest and awareness among those of all ages. To aid us in this endeavor, we decided to introduce an interesting method that gamifies cybersecurity. Our methodology tests whether our new method is a viable vehicle for cybersecurity education. To do this, we asked participants to take surveys and included our own observations. We conclude our paper with our analysis of survey results and future improvements for an effective educational tool.
International computing issues as a freshman seminar

This paper discusses the author's experience with a unique freshman seminar course in global computing issues, taught recently for the first time. This nontechnical course is intended for a general audience, and is part of our department's aim to reach out to students who might otherwise not take a CS course. Thus, the seminar serves its role as a service course for the general college student. While it may not attract many new majors to computer science, it can expose liberal arts students to computing issues without getting bogged down with software, programming or mathematical challenges.
A Deduction Properly Extinguished? The Live-Burn Donation: A Proposed Sequence of Analysis and Policy Evaluation

This article updates the literature analyzing the charitable deduction associated with live-burn donations. This deduction has been the subject of multiple recent Tax and appellate Court rulings, all of which have disallowed the deduction. The article examines and reconciles the resulting live-burn donation line of cases. It agrees with prior scholarship finding that the courts’ treatment of the deduction has rendered it ineffective as a tax planning tool, but proposes a theoretical sequence of analysis to gauge the state of the law and determine whether any avenue remains which leads to deduction. Scholarly response to the disallowance of the live-burn donation has been generally negative. In contrast to these positions in the literature, this article finds that denial of a deduction for live-burn donations is consistent with and reconcilable on grounds of traditional tax policy notions of equity and fairness. Despite the live-burn donation’s initial acceptance on the basis of public benefit, the doctrine is fundamentally vulnerable on multiple fronts: it pushes the bounds of vertical equity, it disproportionately favors the wealthy, it undermines traditional concepts of charitable intent, and it provides an excessive private benefit in exchange for a public benefit which is too difficult to measure or quantify.
Parameter covariance and non-uniqueness in material model calibration using the Virtual Fields Method

Abstract Traditionally, material identification is performed using global load and displacement data from simple boundary-value problems such as uni-axial tensile and simple shear tests. More recently, however, inverse techniques such as the Virtual Fields Method (VFM) that capitalize on heterogeneous, full-field deformation data have gained popularity. In this work, we have written a VFM code in a finite-deformation framework for calibration of a viscoplastic (i.e. strain-rate dependent) material model for 304L stainless steel. Using simulated experimental data generated via finite-element analysis (FEA), we verified our VFM code and compared the identified parameters with the reference parameters input into the FEA. The identified material model parameters had surprisingly large error compared to the reference parameters, which was traced to parameter covariance and the existence of many essentially equivalent parameter sets. This parameter non-uniqueness and its implications for FEA predictions is discussed in detail. Finally, we present two strategies to reduce parameter covariance – reduced parametrization of the material model and increased richness of the calibration data – which allow for the recovery of a unique solution.
In vitro cell cultures as a model of the basal forebrain.

The basal forebrain has attracted considerable attention because of its putative role in complex functions such as learning, memory and behavioral state control as well as its vulnerability in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The finding that nerve growth factor provides trophic support for the cholinergic basal forebrain neurons has stimulated further interest in understanding trophic interactions of basal forebrain neurons as well as in possible trophic factor therapeutic stategies for disease states. Our laboratory has utilized primary cell cultures and developed immortalized central nervous system cell lines to study the trophic interactions that establish and maintain the septohippocampal pathway, a basal forebrain component which plays an essential role in cognitive function and is prominently affected in AD. The results of our primary cell culture studies have demonstrated the importance of trophic signals elaborated by the hippocampus in mediating the development of septal cholinergic neurons. Nerve growth factor plays an important role in this process, but it cannot account for all of the trophic signals elaborated by authentic hippocampal target cells. The development by this laboratory of clonal cell lines of septal and hippocampal lineage offers the prospect of investigating both the response to and elaboration of neural trophic signals at a more precise level of resolution than can be achieved with primary cultures. The technology and information that is generated from the engineering of such cell lines will also serve as a strategy to study trophic interactions in other brain circuits in future years, and to investigate possible changes or dysfunctions that occur neurological disease.
The entrepreneurial-employee role interface: Exploring the effects of hybrid entrepreneurship

Moving beyond interactions among work and family roles, we apply existing work-life interface theory to a new set of role relationships: employee work roles and entrepreneurial work roles. For a nu...
Effect of Media Design on the Performance of Fixed-Bed Anaerobic Reactors

Investigations were conducted using four different media in large laboratory-scale anaerobic filters to show the importance of media type, size, and shape on waste treatment performance. These tests have shown that a majority of the waste treatment takes place in the lower filter heights and is associated to a large extent with the biological solids that are held loosely within the interstitial void spaces within the media matrix. Therefore, the ability of the media to retain high concentrations of biological solids either as suspended growth or by attachment to the media surfaces is an important design consideration. This solids retention characteristic seems to be as closely related to media shape and void size as to unit surface area. Media selected for full-scale anaerobic filters should permit withdrawal of biological solids to prevent accumulations that can contribute to short-circuiting and loss of treatment efficiency.
Predicting Low-Quality Wikipedia Articles Using User’s Judgements

Wikipedia has become the most popular on-line encyclopedia. Millions of users rely on it to obtain desired knowledge and thus it becomes important and practical to model the quality of Wikipedia articles and to have inferior contents which bother readers or even mislead readers to be predicted. While identifying low-quality articles with manual efforts is a possible solution, it costs too much manpower and is too time-consuming. In this paper, we utilize article ratings from Wikipedia users for the first time to assess article quality. We define “low-quality” based on those ratings and design automatic methods to identify potential low-quality articles. More specifically, we formulate the problem as a set of binary classification problems and label articles according to whether they are “low-quality”. We compare two baseline algorithms and Logistic Regression algorithm, and the results indicate that it is promising to design effective and efficient automatic solutions for the task. We believe that our work is important for ensuring the quality of Wikipedia, as well as other knowledge markets.
Examples from Fluid Mechanics

In this chapter we consider some examples from fluid mechanics with the aim of illustrating the derivation of approximate equations, the role of several small parameters, and the calculation of uniformly valid results. Strictly speaking, there is no difference with the material discussed in Chapter 4. The emphasis here is on applications, so that we will not be dealing with model equations, but rather with nonlinear systems which reduce in the first approximation to some well known equation such as the transonic equation or the Korteweg-de Vries equation, etc. Typical to many problems is the occurrence of several small parameters. We will show how one must specify certain relations between these small parameters to account systematically for various competing perturbation terms and to derive meaningful approximations.
Struktur, Metrik, (Literatur-)Wissenschaft. Für einen selbstkritischen Strukturalismus nach dichterischen Denkmodellen

Auch unter den einflussreichsten Erben des Strukturalismus besteht die Frage bzw. der Wunsch nach Wissenschaftlichkeit in der Literaturwissenschaft fort. Zwar unterscheiden sich die einzelnen Antworten auf diese Frage etwas nach ihrem nationalen Kontext.1 Verglichen mit der deutschen steht die anglo-amerikanische Tradition der Idee einer Literaturwissenschaft besonders skeptisch gegenuber (vgl. Muller-Sievers 2015, 1). Dennoch entwickeln sich strukturalistische und szientistische Paradigmen, wenn auch unterschiedlich ausgepragt, international und im Dialog miteinander, wie im Folgenden deutlich wird.
Challenging diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism in two infants of diabetic mothers with rare pathogenic KCNJ11 and HNF4A gene variants

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the leading cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infants. The infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) very frequently present with neonatal hypoglycemia associated to transient hyperinsulinism however the incidence of CHI in IDMs is unknown. Here we report 2 cases of CHI where the diagnoses were challenged and delayed because both patients were infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and had concomitant complicated medical conditions. Case 1 was heterozygous for a likely pathogenic variant in KCNJ11(p.Arg206Cys), and Case 2 was heterozygous for a pathogenic HNF4A variant, (p.Arg267Cys). HNF4A-associated CHI is very rare, and this particular case had a clinical phenotype quite different from that of previously described HNF4A-CHI cases. This case series is one of few reports in the medical literature describing two IDMs with persistent recurrent hypoglycemia secondary to CHI, and a different clinical phenotype for HNF4A-associated CHI. IDMs typically present with transient hyperinsulinism lasting no more than 2–3 days. Since being an IDM does not exclude CHI, this diagnosis should always be considered as the mostly likely etiology if neonatal hypoglycemia persists longer than the described time frame and genetic testing for CHI confirmation is highly suggested.
Supramolecular Polymeric Assemblies for the Selective Depletion of Abundant Acidic Proteins in Serum

The analysis of low-level protein biomarkers in serum is precluded by the presence of other highly abundant serum proteins. Hence, the preliminary removal of serum albumin along with other abundant proteins in serum (i.e., immunoglobulins, transferrin, haptoglobin, α-2-macroglobulin, and apolipoproteins) is often a requirement prior to any biomarker analysis. In this work, we take advantage of the low isoelectric points (pI's) of these highly abundant proteins to selectively deplete them from serum by extraction using functionalized amphiphilic polymeric nanoassemblies. The selectivity of extraction is dependent on the pI of the protein and the extraction pH, which holds true even for extremely complex protein mixtures like serum. High extraction capacity is achieved by optimizing the extraction conditions and is found to be comparable to currently available methods for depletion. Depletion of these abundant acidic proteins allows for the enhanced detection of higher pI proteins and enables a 3 orders of magnitude increase in detection sensitivity for a putative cancer biomarker, demonstrating the utility of these polymeric assemblies for enhancing the analysis of the serum proteome.
Changing to oral antibiotics was noninferior to continuing IV antibiotics in left-sided infective endocarditis

Source Citation Iversen K, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, et al. Partial oral versus intravenous antibiotic treatment of endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2018. [Epub ahead of print]. 30152252
Impact of Genetic Variation on Pravastatin Systemic Exposure in Pediatric Hypercholesterolemia

This study investigated the impact of SLCO1B1 genotype on pravastatin systemic exposure in children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia. Participants (8-20 years) with at least one allelic variant of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (521TC, n = 15; 521CC, n = 2) and wild-type controls (521TT, n = 15) completed a single oral dose pharmacokinetic study. Interindividual variability of pravastatin acid (PVA) exposure within SLCO1B1 genotype groups exceeded the approximately twofold difference in mean PVA exposure observed between SLCO1B1 genotype groups (P > 0.05, q > 0.10). The 3'α-iso-pravastatin acid and lactone isomer formation in the acidic environment of the stomach prior to absorption also was variable and affected PVA exposure in all genotype groups. The SLCO1B1 c.521 gene variant contributing to variability in systemic exposure to PVA in our pediatric cohort was comparable to previous studies in adults. However, other demographic and physicochemical factors seem to also contribute to interindividual variability in the dose-exposure relationship.
Using Grounded Theory to Generate Indigenous MIS Theory

Much of the research in the Information Systems (IS) field has been dominated by the application of reference discipline theory to IS phenomena. While this has provided useful lenses for rapid development of a theory base for IS, it has also helped shape the IS domain as an amalgam of heterogeneous topics, methods, and lessons, many of which apply more to behavioral science in general than IS in particular. This workshop aims to aid interested researchers in techniques for the direct examination of IS phenomena and procedures for the development of indigenous theory. Grounded theory is a well known and well used methodology applied broadly across many areas of study and is highly appropriate for theory development. This workshop will touch lightly on general principles and underlying theory of this method and provide direct hands-on activities aimed at skill building for the use of grounded theory in research projects, with significant prospects for high quality publication. This workshop is co-sponsored by the AIS special interest group on grounded theory. Workshop leader information LEADER Name: Fred Niederman Affiliation: Saint Louis University Postal address: Cook School of Business, 3674 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis MO 63108 Telephone: 314-726-5787 Cell 314-315-0941 Fax e-mail: niederfa@slu.edu
A snapshot look at replication and statistical reporting practices in psychology journals

Current efforts started in 2012 by the Association for Psychological Science (APS) appear to be different from previous arguments against null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST), which remained ...
The genetic architecture of the maize progenitor, teosinte, and how it was altered during maize domestication

The genetics of domestication has been extensively studied ever since the rediscovery of Mendel's law of inheritance and much has been learned about the genetic control of trait differences between crops and their ancestors. Here, we ask how domestication has altered genetic architecture by comparing the genetic architecture of 18 domestication traits in maize and its ancestor teosinte using matched populations. We observed a strongly reduced number of QTL for domestication traits in maize relative to teosinte, which is consistent with the previously reported depletion of additive variance by selection during domestication. We also observed more dominance in maize than teosinte, likely a consequence of selective removal of additive variants. We observed that large effect QTL have low minor allele frequency (MAF) in both maize and teosinte. Regions of the genome that are strongly differentiated between teosinte and maize (high FST) explain less quantitative variation in maize than teosinte, suggesting that, in these regions, allelic variants were brought to (or near) fixation during domestication. We also observed that genomic regions of high recombination explain a disproportionately large proportion of heritable variance both before and after domestication. Finally, we observed that about 75% of the additive variance in both teosinte and maize is "missing" in the sense that it cannot be ascribed to detectable QTL and only 25% of variance maps to specific QTL. This latter result suggests that morphological evolution during domestication is largely attributable to very large numbers of QTL of very small effect.
Alcohol Use Disorder Is Bad for Broken Ribs: A Nationwide Analysis of 19,638 Patients With Rib Fractures

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has deleterious effects on many organ systems. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of AUD on outcomes in patients with rib fractures. We hypothesized that AUD is associated with increased risk adverse outcomes. Methods We performed a 2013-2014 retrospective analysis of all adult trauma patients diagnosed with rib fractures from the American College of Surgeons–Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. We excluded patients who were acutely intoxicated with alcohol. Patients were stratified into two groups: AUD + and AUD -. A 1:1 ratio propensity score matching for demographics, admission vitals, injury severity, smoking status, operative intervention, and number of rib fractures was performed. Outcome measures were in-hospital complications, mortality, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and ventilator days. Results We matched 19,638 patients (AUD +:9,819, AUD -:9819). Mean age was 53 ± 22y, and median injury severity score was 15[10-20]. Matched groups were similar in age (P = 0.18), smoking status (P = 0.82), injury severity score (P = 0.28), chest Abbreviated Injury Scale (P = 0.24), and number of rib fractures (2[1-4] versus 2[1-4], P = 0.86). Alcoholic patients had higher rates of pneumonia (18.1% versus 9.2%, P Conclusions Patients with AUD and rib fractures had higher rates of adverse events than patients without AUD. Early identification of patients with rib fractures with AUD may allow better resource allocation and help improve outcomes. Level of evidence Level III prognostic.
Conversion: Falling into Friendship Like No Other:

In the context of contemporary vicissitudes, this article examines how Lonergan’s grasp of the meaning of redemption illuminates our understanding of Christian conversion. Lonergan’s Law of the Cro...
Molecular simulation of double layer expansion mechanism during low-salinity waterflooding

Abstract Low-salinity waterflooding is an improved oil recovery technique whose mechanisms are still elusive. Double Layer Expansion (DLE) is one of the main proposed mechanisms which have been settled in the petroleum literature. However, recent molecular simulation studies have questioned its validity. In this study, we discuss the current understanding of DLE mechanism and design molecular simulations to investigate it at the molecular level. We used kaolinite and montmorillonite substrates in contact with water having varying concentrations of monovalent and divalent ions. Our results confirm that the location of the adsorption planes is independent of the ionic strength. However, the electric potential developed over these surfaces and how it decays depends on both the ionic strength and ion type. A shrinkage is observed in the double layer for the case of low salinity, supported by both film thickness estimations and interaction energy analysis. This shrinkage, which contradicts the prevailing assumption, is consistent with molecular simulation literature, and casts some doubts on the efficiency of double layer expansion as a mechanism for improved oil recovery observed during low-salinity waterflooding.
Pedestal magnetic turbulence measurements in ELMy H-mode DIII-D plasmas by Faraday-effect polarimetry

Internal magnetic fluctuation measurements are utilized to identify turbulence associated with micro-tearing modes (MTM) in the DIII-D Edge-Localized-Mode (ELM)-y H-mode pedestal. Using a Faraday-effect polarimeter, magnetic turbulence (150–500 kHz) is directly observed with a typical line-averaged fluctuation amplitude of ∼0.8 G at peak frequency (250 kHz) and ∼15 G integrated over the spectrum from 150 to 500 kHz. Frequency, poloidal wavenumber, and propagation direction of the magnetic turbulence all serve to identify as MTM. Magnetic turbulence amplitude non-monotonically correlates with collision frequency, peaks off mid-plane, and correlates with electron temperature gradient evolution between ELMs, consistent with MTM features identified from theory and gyro-kinetic simulation. The magnetic turbulence growth correlates with confinement degradation in ELMy H-mode plasmas during a slow density ramp. These internal measurements provide unique constraints toward developing physics understanding and validating models of the H-mode pedestal for future devices.
Magnetic fields exhibit a positive impact on lipid and biomass yield during phototrophic cultivation of Spirulina sp.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of magnetic field (MF) application (1, 12 and 24 h day −1) to Spirulina sp. LEB 18 in different photosynthesis cycles (dark and/or light) during short (15 days) and long periods (50 days) of cultivation. MF application was performed via two sources: ferrite magnets and solenoids. At the end of cultivation, the biomass was characterized in terms of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. In the 15 day cultures, the highest maximum biomass concentrations (2.06 g L−1 and 1.83 g L−1) were observed when 30 mT was applied for 24 h day −1 or 12 h day −1 (on the light cycle), respectively. MF application throughout cultivation (24 h day −1) for more than 30 days is not recommended. In all conditions, there was an increase in the lipid concentration (from 14 to 45%). The protein profile suggested important changes in photosystems I and II due to MF application. Cell morphology was not altered by MF application. In conclusion, the effects on the metabolism of Spirulina sp. are directly related to the photosynthesis cycle and time period in which the MF was applied.
Mechanistic and microstructural characteristics of roller compacted geopolymer concrete using reclaimed asphalt pavement

Mechanistic and microstructural characteristics of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) produced from recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and geopolymer cement binder (GPC) were evaluated and compared with mixtures produced from ordinary Portland cement (OPC). It was found that RCC using geopolymer binder exhibited higher unconfined compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength as compared to the mixture containing ordinary Portland cement. It was also discovered that the mechanical properties of the developed concrete depend on mixture constituents: sodium hydroxide molarity, the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, curing temperature, and gradation of RAP. The experimental results showed that RCC using geopolymer binder exhibited compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength in the range of 8.4–21.1 MPa, 18.3–35.0 GPa, and 2.9–4.1 MPa, respectively. On the other hand, RCC using 12% OPC presented similar mechanical strengths of 13.2 MPa, 32.8 GPa, and 3.32 MPa, respectively. Regression analysis was also performed to establish the relationship between mechanical characteristics and various mixture constituents. Morphological and microstructural analysis proved the formation of geo-polymeric compounds. Based on the mechanistic characteristics, the developed roller-compacted RAP-Geopolymer concrete could be used as a strong pavement base in composite pavement system or wearing course of low volume roads.
30 Ways For First Year Law Students to Achieve Success

Law School is a scary and mysterious place and incoming students often have very little idea what to expect. Students eventually catch on to the difference between legal and undergraduate educations: fact-pattern analysis versus memorization of facts. This article is based on a series of presentations I made under the auspices of Texas Tech University School of Law’s Hispanic Law Student Association (HLSA), which offers a boot camp for incoming students and a second round of orientation after the first semester. This article provides practical advice from a Torts Professor and a successful third-year law student on how to succeed in law school. It presents information for the incoming student about what distinguishes a student who gets As from one who gets Cs. In its second part, it addresses students after they have their first semester grades and advises them on how to assess their performance and make changes if necessary.
Tightly Coupled Dipole Array with Guanella Transformer and Balun

A 6.2:1 bandwidth, single pol tightly coupled dipole array fed using a Guanella transformer is presented. The array elements are composed of egg crate style, interlocking printed circuit boards (PCBs) which interface with a multi-layer PCB containing the transformer and balun. This compact, cavity enclosed design enables much smaller profile arrays then traditional balun architectures will allow. A fabricated 16 element array is presented to validate the concept.
An Injection-Locked Frequency-Tracking $\Sigma \Delta$ Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer

A bandpass (BP) sigma-delta modulator (SigmaDeltaM)-based direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) architecture is presented. The DDS output is passed through a single-bit, second-order BPSigmaDeltaM, shaping quantization noise out of the signal band. The single-bit BPSigmaDeltaM is then injection locked to an LC-tank oscillator, which provides a tracking BP filter response within its locking range, suppressing the BPSigmaDeltaM out of band quantization noise. The instantaneous digital frequency control word input of the DDS is used to tune the noise shaper center frequency, achieving up to 20% tuning range around the fundamental. The BPSigmaDeltaM-based synthesizer is fabricated in a 0.25-mum digital CMOS process with four layers of metal. With a second-order BP noise shaper and a 44-MHz LC tank oscillator, an SFDR of 73 dB at a 2-MHz bandwidth and phase noise lower than -105 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz offset is achieved
CALCULATED NITRIC OXIDE EMISSIONS OF AN UNTHROTTLED SPARK IGNITED, STRATIFIED CHARGE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

This paper presents a theoretical study of nitric oxide emissions from an unthrottled stratified charge, spark ignition engine. A three-region (generally rich, stoichiometric, and lean) combustion model was used, and the effects of the following variables were studied: 1. Excess air number of the rich mixture. 2. Percentage of the total fuel in the rich-mixture region. 3. Percentage of fuel burned stoichometrically. 4. Exhaust gas recirculation, percentage and distribution. Comparisons are made to both experimental results from a throttled engine and calculated results for an unthrottled engine with a homogeneous mixture. For illustrative purposes, an application of the model to a particular geometrical form of charge distribution is analyzed.
Variability of Hybrid III Clearance Dimensions within the FMVSS 208 and NCAP Vehicle Test Fleets and the Effects of Clearance Dimensions on Dummy Impact Responses

The study aims to examine: 1) the extent of variability of occupant clearance dimensions in currently manufactured vehicles when the Hybrid III dummy is placed in driver and passenger seating positions in accordance with NCAP and FMVSS No. 208 test procedures, and 2) to explore if occupant clearance dimensions differ among several classes of vehicle sizes. The findings are compared with real world occupant clearance data reported by other researchers. The study also aims to explore if a relationship exists between dummy responses and clearance dimensions. This is done through statistical analysis of the data used in this study and through a computer model analysis created by the Ford Motor Company.
Abstract 17438: Misclassification of the Cause of Dyspnea by Resting Right Heart Catheterization: the Impact of Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Introduction: Supine resting right heart catheterization (srRHC) is the standard method to differentiate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but most such patients complain of symptoms during exercise. We hypothesized that the upright invasive exercise phenotype of patients with unexplained exertional intolerance provides a distinct and additive perspective compared with supine resting RHC in the diagnosis of PAH and HFpEF. Methods: We reviewed results of consecutive patients with unexplained effort intolerance who underwent same day sequential srRHC and invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) between March 2011 and October 2013. At rest, patients were classified with PAH if mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg; as HFpEF if PAWP > 15 mmHg; and as normal if none of the above hemodynamic criteria were met. At peak exercise, patients were categorized as exercise-induced ...
Enhancing Structure Discovery for Data Mining in Graphical Databases Using Evolutionary Programming

The purpose of this paper is to develop an evolutionary programming based system that performs data mining on databases represented as graphs. The importance of such an endeavor can hardly be overemphasized, given that much of the data collected nowadays is structural in nature, or is composed of parts and relations between the parts, which can be naturally represented as graphs. The searching capability of evolutionary programming is utilized for discovering concepts or substructures that are often repeating in such structural data. The superiority of the proposed technique over the previously developed SUBDUE system (Cook and Holder 2000), which uses a computationally constrained beam search in the space of substructures, is demonstrated for a number of data sets in the Web domain.
ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIONS: DAIRY AND EXOTIC CROSSBREEDS FOR BEEF PRODUCTION

Crossing of breeds traditionally has been viewed skeptically by cattle producers. Although there has been some crossbreeding between traditional beef breeds, little use of dairy-beef crosses in commercial beef herds has been made. Often such calves have been inferior in quality and have yielded a lower return than the standard beef breeds. Recently, however, considerable research attention has focused on crossbreeds – crossing standard beef breeds, dairy and beef, and standard and exotic (or new) beef breeds. When all three genetic types are crossed, several positive features have been identified: (1) quality is good – few animals grade prime but most finish at satisfactory weights as high good or choice; (2) greater milking capacity of the part-dairy cow increases the potential for rapid gains, thus permitting more beef to be raised per cow, and (3) genetic growth capability of some exotic breeds is greater so such crosses can take advantage of additional milk.
Follicular (nodular) lymphoma during the first two decades of life: A clinicopathologic study of 12 patients

Twelve patients who developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a follicular pattern during the first two decades of life were studied. Eight had the poorly differentiated lymphocytic type; the remaining four had the "histiocytic" type. Eleven of the 12 patients were male. Nine were asymptomatic, and eight had lymphadenopathy in the head and neck region. Comparison of ages revealed the extent of disease tended to be localized (Stages I and II) in the pediatric (less than 16 years old) patients (83%) and generalized in the adolescent-young adult (16-19 years old) patients (83%). Of ten patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, eight achieved complete remissions that lasted 3-58 months (median, 17.5 months). Five are still in remission; three have relapsed. Seven are alive 12-120 months from diagnosis (median, 48 months); six have no clinical evidence of disease. The remaining five patients died two to 164 months after diagnosis (median, 13 months). Three of the four patients who died with lymphoma had diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma demonstrated at autopsy examination. Poor prognostic factors included 1) failure to achieve a complete remission following initial therapy; 2) extranodal disease (with the exception of the poorly differentiated lymphocytic type involving the spleen and liver); 3) development of diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma occurring in the second decade of life has a biologic behavior similar to follicular lymphoma in adults.
Tetra-rhenium molecular rectangles as organizational motifs for the investigation of ligand-centered mixed valency: three examples of full delocalization.

Molecular rectangles having the form {[Re(CO) 3 ] 2 (X) 2 } 2 -p,p'-(LL)2, where X is either a bridging alkoxide or phenylthiolate group and LL is 4,4'-bipyridine or pyrazine, are characterized by cofacial LL pairs that are in van der Waals contact across the long side of the rectangle. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the redox-accessible bridging ligands, LL, are reduced in sequential, one-electron reactions. The singly reduced rectangles represent an unusual type of mixed-valence compound in which the LL ligands themselves are the redox centers. Spectroelectrochemical measurements for mixed-valence forms of these rectangles reveal intense, asymmetric absorption bands in the near-infrared region, assigned as intervalence transitions. Electroabsorption (Stark spectroscopy) measurements reveal minute changes in dipole moment and therefore a lack of significant charge transfer upon intervalence excitation. Thus, the rectangles are unusual examples of class III (fully valence delocalized) molecular mixed-valence species that employ direct donor-orbital/acceptor-orbital overlap rather than covalent-bond-mediated superexchange to achieve the large electronic coupling strengths required for delocalization.
Affinity chromatography of cytosolic NAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from normal and neoplastic mammalian tissues.

Affinity matrices employing NAD+ or AMP as ligands have been designed for the purification of NAD-linked dehydrogenases [l-3]. We have designed an affinity matrix of 2,4,6_trinitrobenzene covalently bound to Sepharose through a hexamethylenediamine spacer, for the isolation of cytosolic NAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) (EC 1 .l .1.8) from homogenates of mammalian tissues with purifications ranging from 30 to 1500-fold. Recoveries were from 54 to 130% even when initial specific activities were as low as 0.015 (approximately 0.06 pg enzyme/mg total protein). This affinity matrix was effective in isolating G3PDH from rabbit muscle, brain, and mammary gland; from human kidney, muscle, and white blood cells; and from mouse liver and L1210 leukemia cells. The enzyme remained bound in the presence of 0.5 M KCl. Elution was effected by NADH at concentrations as low as 5 PM. The affinity matrix was successfully employed in either column or batch procedures.
Gas-phase study of the reactivity of optical coating materials with hydrocarbons by use of a desktop-size extreme-ultraviolet laser

The reactivity of prospective capping-layer extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) mirror materials with hydrocarbons is studied in the gas phase by use of mass spectroscopy of metal-oxide clusters. We report the results of chemistry studies for Sim, Tim, Hfm, and ZrmOn metal-oxide clusters in which the reaction products were ionized with little or no fragmentation by 26.5 eV photons from a desktop-size 46.9 nm Ne-like Ar laser. Hf and Zr oxides are found to be much less reactive than Si or Ti oxides in the presence of EUV light. The results are relevant to the design of EUV mirror capping layers that are resistant to carbon contamination.
Viscoplasticity Based on Total Strain. The Modelling of Creep With Special Considerations of Initial Strain and Aging

A previously proposed theory is specialized for the uniaxial state of stress and its prediction for creep and relaxation is analyzed in detail. Constant true stress and constant load creep tests are simulated in the presence and absence of thermal aging together with the constant strain relaxation test. The signs of the creep rate and its time derivative as well as the relaxation rate and its time derivative are introduced as criteria. The constant load creep test can reproduce the normal creep curves and nonclassical creep curves (epsilon-. > 0; epsilon-.. > 0 for all epsilon and for sigma/sub 0/ > 0). The capabilities of the constant true stress test are limited to primary creep if the work-hardening slope is positive. When aging is introduced almost any creep curve can be reproduced in both tests. The importance of initial strain is discussed and demonstrated by room temperature creep tests on Type 304 Stainless Steel. It is suggested that the initial strains together with the creep curves be reported in the future. Poisson's ratio in creep needs to be measured and tests are proposed which will enable a quantitative assessment of aging.
Developing and Using Social Capital In Public Mental Health

Social capital has played a prominent role in recent initiatives to improve mental health and enhance the quality of services. However, efforts to substantiate a link between social capital and mental health have been daunted by equivocal findings and conceptual confusion. These consequences are in part due to having two prominent approaches that offer disparate and inconsistent accounts about what comprises social capital, how to increase it and how to use it to benefit mental health policy and practice. This paper lays the groundwork for a rapprochement.
Treatment of Dystonia with Deep Brain Stimulation

Pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment option for medically refractive dystonia. The mechanism by which globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) DBS improves dystonia is still unclear. Primary generalized dystonia usually responds well to this therapy, as recently confirmed in two well-designed, double-blind, controlled trials; however, predictors of outcome within this population are not well known. The role of GPi DBS in idiopathic cervical dystonia resistant to treatment with botulinum toxin, in tardive dystonia, and in some types of secondary dystonia are emerging as populations of patients who may also benefit, but outcomes are not well documented. Serious complications from this therapy are rare. Future research will likely continue to address the most appropriate programming settings for various populations of dystonia, the mechanism by which DBS affects dystonia, and the possibility of alternative brain targets that might have less associated side effects or greater efficacy than the GPi.
Ecological Genetics of Tetrahymena thermophila: Mating Types, i-Antigens, Multiple Alleles and Epistasis

Until recently, Tetrahymena thermophila has rarely been isolated from nature. With improved sampling procedures, T. thermophila has been found in ponds in many northeastern states. The availability of resident populations makes possible both population and ecological genetic studies. All seven known mating types have been recovered ; no eighth mating type has been found. Crosses among whole-genome homozygotes derived from Pennsylvania isolates reveal a spectrum genotypes with mating type alleles resembling traditional A (IV- and VII-) and B(I-) categories. The genotypes differ significantly with respect to mating type frequency, both among themselves and from previously described genotypes. One A-category genotype appears to lack mating type II, while one A-category and all B-category genotypes have low frequencies of mating type III, thus accounting for the low frequency of III in the pond. The low frequency of III in all five B-category genotypes examined suggests that the founding allele in this region was low for III. These and other differences are discussed both in terms of mating type frequencies in the pond and in terms of the possible molecular structure of mat alleles. By contrast, numerous variants of the cell surface immobilization antigen are found in addition to the previously described i-antigens. Variants of the known SerH alleles include those with restriction fragment length polymorphisms and temperature sensitivity as well as alleles with new antigenic specificity. Multiple alleles are present in single ponds. Genes exhibiting serially dominant epistasis over SerH genes also are found. In two instances (K and C), families of antigenically similar polypeptides are expressed in place of H i-antigen. Molecular weight differences suggest that these paralogous i-antigen genes evolve by gene duplication and unequal crossing over within central repeats. The existence of complex patterns of epistasis together with seasonal changes in i-ag frequencies suggest that i-ag play an important, but as yet unknown, ecological role related to the occurrence of frequent conjugation.
Radiochromic dye dosimeter solutions as reference measurement systems

Solutions of leucocyanides of triphenylmethane dyes in organic solvents are designed as stable reference dosimeters for large radiation doses, with useful characteristics, both for steady-state and pulsed radiation fields. These radiochromic solutions may be used in conventional glass ampoules to cover the absorbed dose range 102–104kGy, when analyzed spectrophotometrically at visible wavelengths at the maxima of radiation-induced absorption bands. The radiation chemical yields of dye formation (G-values) and molar linear absorption coefficients (ϵm) of the dyes in several formulations, with and without dissolved polymer and weak oxidizing agents, are established. The most stable formulation before and after irradiation consists of new fuchsin cyanide in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and triethyl phosphate containing small amounts of acetic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid and polyvinyl butyral. The useful range of doses for this solution is 102-4 x 103 Gy when measured at 557 nm wavelength. The radiation chemical yield, G-value for dye production, is 3.35 x 1015 molec J-1 (0.0055 μmol J-1) and the value of ϵm at this wavelength is 1.32 x 105 M-1 cm-1.