cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SC-DCNN: Highly-Scalable Deep Convolutional Neural Network using Stochastic Computing

With the recent advance of wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoTs), it becomes attractive to implement the Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) in embedded and portable systems. Currently, executing the software-based DCNNs requires high-performance servers, restricting the widespread deployment on embedded and mobile IoT devices. To overcome this obstacle, considerable research efforts have been made to develop highly-parallel and specialized DCNN accelerators using GPGPUs, FPGAs or ASICs.Stochastic Computing (SC), which uses a bit-stream to represent a number within [-1, 1] by counting the number of ones in the bit-stream, has high potential for implementing DCNNs with high scalability and ultra-low hardware footprint. Since multiplications and additions can be calculated using AND gates and multiplexers in SC, significant reductions in power (energy) and hardware footprint can be achieved compared to the conventional binary arithmetic implementations. The tremendous savings in power (energy) and hardware resources allow immense design space for enhancing scalability and robustness for hardware DCNNs.This paper presents SC-DCNN, the first comprehensive design and optimization framework of SC-based DCNNs, using a bottom-up approach. We first present the designs of function blocks that perform the basic operations in DCNN, including inner product, pooling, and activation function. Then we propose four designs of feature extraction blocks, which are in charge of extracting features from input feature maps, by connecting different basic function blocks with joint optimization. Moreover, the efficient weight storage methods are proposed to reduce the area and power (energy) consumption. Putting all together, with feature extraction blocks carefully selected, SC-DCNN is holistically optimized to minimize area and power (energy) consumption while maintaining high network accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the LeNet5 implemented in SC-DCNN consumes only 17 mm2 area and 1.53 W power, achieves throughput of 781250 images/s, area efficiency of 45946 images/s/mm2, and energy efficiency of 510734 images/J.
Symptomatic Carotid Occlusion Is Frequently Associated With Microembolization.

Background and Purpose—Symptomatic carotid artery disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of cerebral ischemia among patients with carotid oc...
Concerns of Editors and Publishers: Plagiarism, Rights of Authors, Open Access, etc.

This presentation addresses concerns of Editors and publishers of journals including ethical problems, such as duplicate publication, fabrication and falsification of data, piracy and plagiarism, and mechanisms for journals to deal with these ethical issues. Also covered will be rights of authors and copyright issues, various forms of open access, the benefits of open access to society and potential problems it will cause for journals, authors, readers, and medical physicists in general.
Masterly perspectives on nonlinear optics

Thirty-One years ago, soon after the laser was invented, Franken and colleagues inserted a quartz crystal into a ruby laser beam and observed optical second harmonic generation from the crystal. Nonlinear optics was born. In that experiment, the second harmonic output was so weak that it barely showed up on the spectrum taken with a spectrograph. When the paper went for publication in Physical Review Letters, the printer thought that the faint line was a speck and removed it.
Micro-PET/CT imaging of Axl expression in breast cancer xenografts and their response to 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) treatment

335 Objectives Axl is overexpressed in a number of solid tumor types and is implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of imaging Axl expression and modulation of Axl by 17-AAG, an Hsp90 inhibitor, in breast cancer xenografts in mice using 64Cu labeled anti-hAxl antibody. Methods The anti-hAxl antibody and isotype matched IgG were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and radiolabeled with 64CuCl2. In vitro cell binding assay and in vivo micro-PET/CT imaging of nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors were performed to confirm specific binding of radiolabeled anti-hAxl antibody to Axl-expressing tumor cells. 64Cu-DOTA-IgG served as the nonspecific control. To investigate drug-induced downregulation of Axl, MDA-MB-231 cells and mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors were treated with 17-AAG. Lysates of the tumors cells and tumor tissues were subjected to Western blot analysis of Axl expression level. Mice were imaged by micro-PET/CT to visualize change in tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-anti-Axl after 17-AAG treatment (60 mg/kg, i.p. injection). The mice were euthanized after the last imaging session. Tumors, blood, and other major organs were harvested to determine the biodistribution of the radiotracers. Tumors were dissected and sliced for autoradiography and immunohistochemical analysis. Results In vitro, 64Cu-DOTA-anti-hAxl specifically bound to Axl-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells with sub-nanomolar binding affinity. In vivo, 64Cu-DOTA-anti-hAxl had significantly higher uptake in MDA-MB-231 tumors than 64Cu-DOTA-IgG did (12.67 ± 3.46 ID%/g vs 3.84 ± 0.51 ID%/g tissue by cut-and-count method; 5.65 ± 1.13 vs 1.40 ± 0.09 ID%/cc tissue by quantitative PET analysis; P Conclusions Downregulation of Axl expression by 17-AAG could be readily imaged and quantified by using 64Cu-labeled hAxl antibody. Because Axl is an important therapeutic target to tumor invasion and metastasis, noninvasive imaging of Axl may provide valuable information about Axl-targeted molecular therapies with regard to dose optimization, dose interval, and therapeutic efficacy.
Imagining the Ordinary in Participatory Climate Adaptation

AbstractThis article examines the ways Red Cross training in vulnerability capacity assessment (VCA) structures people’s understandings of the ordinary. This examination is situated within the context of Georgetown, Guyana, after disastrous flooding in 2005 led the Red Cross to deploy VCAs as a method for participatory climate adaptation. The article focuses on the circulation of narratives about the ordinary, which are used by VCA trainees to cultivate ethical responses to flood hazards and the use of water management equipment. It is argued that participatory climate adaptation can be understood as not simply a mode of governance, but rather as a model for reimagining the ordinary. While other scholarship on participatory climate adaptation addresses how daily life is informed by the political and ideological dynamics of such projects, this article focuses on the ordinary from the view of “mobile” climate adaptation technologies. From this perspective, VCA trainees take action but often times rely on sh...
Deciphering Suicide and Other Manners of Death Associated with Drug Intoxication: A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Consultation Meeting Summary

Manner of death (MOD) classification (i.e., natural, accident, suicide, homicide, or undetermined cause) affects mortality surveillance and public health research, policy, and practice. Determination of MOD in deaths caused by drug intoxication is challenging, with marked variability across states.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a multidisciplinary meeting to discuss drug intoxication deaths as they relate to suicide and other MOD. The meeting objectives were to identify individual-level, system-level, and place-based factors affecting MOD classification and identify potential solutions to classification barriers.Suggested strategies included improved standardization in death scene investigation, toxicology, and autopsy practice; greater accountability; and creation of job aids for investigators. Continued collaboration and coordination of activities are needed among stakeholders to affect prevention efforts.
Synthesis of an ionic N-nitrosamine and a method for its determination in foodstuffs

A model ionic N-nitrosamine (N-nitroso-N1N1-dimethylpiperazinium iodide) was synthesised in order to develop an appropriate analytical method for examining the possible incidence of this class of compounds in food. A procedure suitable for its analysis in biological samples is described and is based on preparation of an aqueous extract, ion-pair extraction into an organic solvent, separation by high-performance liquid chromatography and detection with a thermal-energy analyzer. The average recovery of the ionic N-nitrosamine from cured meat was 83% at 200 μg/kg; the detection limit was 50 gm/kg. bei den Muskelproben nahezu 30% der mit Hilfe der
Complications of hypospadias repair.

AbstractAny surgeon performing hypospadias repair must be prepared to manage the surgical complications. From January 1976 to December 1982, 176 cases of hypospadias treated with a number of different operations were critically analyzed for complications. There were no complications in 143 cases (81 per cent). However, there were 44 surgical complications in the remaining 33 patients (19 per cent), which included stricture formation (11), urethral fistula (11), severe skin edema (2)subcutaneous hematoma (2), persistent chordee (2), scrotal abscess (1) and bladder calculus (1). Treatment of the various complications is discussed along with suggestions on how to avoid them.When only 3 operations are considered (meatal advancement and glanuloplasty, flip-flap procedure and free graft tubed urethroplasty), surgical repair of all types of hypospadias was accomplished, without any complications in 89 per cent of the cases. The results of hypospadias repair have improved because of the availability of these more...
Violent behavior in autism spectrum disorders: who's at risk?

Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a range of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Over the last decade, there has been increased media attention focused on the relationship between ASD and violent behavior due to a number of school shootings and high-profile criminal cases involving offenders with alleged ASD diagnoses. This coverage and these incidents have given rise to public concern and led to the perception that people with ASD are predisposed to violent behavior. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature bearing on the relationship between ASD and violent behavior, and in doing so, characterize which people with ASD are most likely to be violent and under what circumstances. We conclude that, on the whole, while research findings are mixed, they lend support to the assertion that ASD does not cause violence, and indicate that when violent behavior occurs in people with ASD, it is the result of third variables including poor parental control, family environment, criminality, bullying, or psychiatric comorbidity (e.g., psychosis), that go undetected or untreated. The conclusions of this review have implications for families, clinicians, and policy makers, as a greater understanding of ASD-related violence risk is needed to combat misconceptions about people with ASD and the stigma associated with these conditions.
Evolving Views on the Nature of Nature

This chapter presents the theoretical framework that guided our study of the intended, enacted, and received science curricula on ecology and environmental science topics in the US education system. We begin with an exploration of the modern conception of nature and how it has enabled Western societies to study and exploit the natural world for their own utilitarian purposes since the beginning of the industrial revolution. We then examine the understanding of nature in modern science and its eventual failure to explain a world that is populated by hybrid entities that are both social and natural in all their manifestations and relations. This is followed by an exploration of the emerging contours of an amodern view of nature that currently guides much of research in ecology and environmental sciences. In the end, we present the theoretical framework that shaped our research.
The Use of Animals for Understanding the Effects of Malnutrition on Human Behavior: Models vs. a Comparative Approach

Although estimates of incidence vary, there is no doubt that a large proportion of the world’s children suffer from some degree of nutritional deficiency, most often protein-caloric in nature. As medical treatment improves, yielding a larger pool of survivors, the question of the possible neurological and behavioral consequences of inadequate dietary intake in early life becomes more pressing. Studies have indicated extensive and diverse consequences of malnutrition for the neural development of the child. Thus, cell number, cell size, lipid content per cell, and dendritic branching may all be affected by early malnutrition (Winick, 1976). In addition to the findings concerning neurogenesis, numerous studies of consequences of malnutrition for behavioral development have been reported (see, for example, the reviews of Brozek, 1978; Schrimshaw and Gordon, 1968). Although these studies generally find markedly retarded intellectual development in malnourished children, interpretation of their findings can be only tentative because nutritional deficiencies are seldom, if ever, found in isolation; rather, nutritional deficiencies occur as one aspect of a complex of privations resulting from poverty (Birch and Gussow, 1970; Winick, 1976). Populations suffering from inadequate dietary intake are, for example, also the victims of inadequate housing, insufficient medical care and facilities, a high incidence of disease, and poor-quality education. In fact, it is quite possible that the effects of malnutrition are never independent of those social interactions with which malnutrition is confounded. That is, in a certain sense, malnutrition may be best considered a “social disease” that invariably owes its effects, at least in part, to its influences on the nature of social interaction. Thus, as we shall discuss in greater detail later, malnutrition has effects on the behavioral and physical attributes of the child that can influence both the child’s response to others and the response of others to the child. Such altered social relationships may then have major consequences for the child’s subsequent emotional, social, and intellectual growth and development.
Bayesian Inference in Political Science, Finance, and Marketing Research

Many current research challenges in Bayesian analysis arise in applications. A beauty of the Bayesian approach is that it facilitates principled inference in essentially any well-specified probability model or decision problem. In principle one could consider arbitrarily complicated priors, probability models and decision problems. However, not even the most creatively convoluted mind could dream up the complexities, wrinkles and complications that arise in actual applications. In this chapter we discuss typical examples of such challenges, ranging from prior constructions in political science applications, to model based data transformation for the display of multivariate marketing data, to challenging posterior simulation for state space models in finance and to expected utility maximization for portfolio selection.
3-D vision for robot applications

Like human vision, robot vision should be able to perceive three-dimensional (3-D) objects, i.e., be able to detect, verify, recognize, locate, inspect, and describe different 3-D objects. Although real objects are three-dimensional, humans can perceive them on the basis of visual data that is two-dimensional (2-D) and incomplete. Utilizing a variety of range cues (e.g., geometric, perspective, texture and shading variations, and occlusion), human perception maps visual data into 3D features and matches them with those of known models. Similar range cues are applicable to robot perception.
Introduction: Manufacturing Strategy in the Next Decade

As we enter the new decade, global manufacturing is in a state of transition and restructuring. Europe 1992 promises to be a watershed year in focusing attention on inter-plant relations among manufacturers there. Further, small manufacturing in some countries might now be at risk. On the domestic scene, companies with policies of manufacturing where they sell products will continue to manufacture more products abroad, and most domestic industries are restructuring — whether they are high-tech (high R&D intensity) or not.
Transportation and Neighborhood

People who do not feel safe being alone in their neighborhoods have poor self-reported mental and physical health. Unsafe neighborhoods are a source of chronic stress that may result in greater exposure and reactivity to daily stressors, which could eventually affect health outcomes. Objectives: The current study investigated the relationship between neighborhood safety concerns and daily stress processes. Method: Using measurement burst data from the Midlife in the United States Study, we hypothesized that people living in neighborhoods perceived as less safe would be more reactive to daily stressors, both concurrently, and after 10 years. Results: Results revealed that feeling less safe in one’s neighborhood was associated with greater stressor exposure, increased negative affect, and more physical symptoms. At baseline and 10-year follow-up, greater neighborhood safety concerns were related to greater affective reactivity to daily stressors. Physical reactivity to stressors was also heightened, although this pattern was not observed until the 10-year follow-up. Discussion: These results suggest that long-term exposure to neighborhoods perceived as unsafe compromises daily health and well-being.
Einleitung: Mensch, Gehirn und Wissenschaft

Alle Menschen guten Willens werden dem Konzept zustimmen, das wir uns bemuhen sollten, nicht nur hier und jetzt, sondern in alle Zukunft die vollkommenste Lebensweise fur die Menschheit zu fordern und zu entwickeln, wie es schon Dubos (1968) so deutlich zum Ausdruck gebracht hat. Ich glaube, das wir damit nur soweit Erfolg haben werden, wie wir die menschliche Natur richtig einschatzen und entsprechend planen. Der Mensch kann sich selbst betrachten, da er die Fahigkeit hat, zu objektivieren und zu erwagen, was fur ein Wesen er ist und was fur ein Wesen er werden mochte. Der Mensch allein ist sich seiner selbst bewust, und er allein ist fahig, sich sozusagen neben sich zu stellen und sich selbst als Objekt zu betrachten. Wenn ich die menschliche Natur uberdenke, entdecke ich, das ich direkten Zugang zu bevorrechtigten Informationen uber einen Menschen habe — namlich uber mich selbst durch das Bewustsein meines Selbst. Ich werde diese Behauptung nun nicht dazu gebrauchen, eine solipsistische Hypothese zu entwickeln. Ich werde mich vielmehr bemuhen, zu zeigen, das ich ein aquivalentes Bewustsein in allen anderen menschlichen Wesen erkennen mus. Mein philosophischer Standpunkt (vgl. Eccles, 1965 a, 1965 b, 1969 a) ist denjenigen diametral entgegengesetzt, die bewuste Erfahrung in die bedeutungslose Rolle eines Epiphanomens verbannen wollen.
Prior exposure to dim light at night impairs dermal wound healing in female C57BL/6 mice.

Artificial light at night (LAN) is a pervasive phenomenon in today’s society, and the detrimental consequences of LAN exposure are becoming apparent. LAN is associated with the increased incidence of metabolic disorders, cancers, mood alterations, and immune dysfunction in mammals. Consequently, we examined the effects of dim LAN (DLAN) on wound healing. Female C57BL/6 mice were housed for 3 weeks in DLAN or LD conditions prior to wounding. Following wounding, mice were maintained in either their previous light conditions or switched to the opposite lighting conditions for 3 weeks. DLAN prior to wounding impaired healing; specifically, mice in DLAN/DLAN had significantly larger wounds on day 8. Additionally, mice in DLAN/LD had significantly larger wounds on days 5, 7, 8, and 9, and increased average time to closure. These data demonstrate a potential harmful effect of DLAN on wound healing that should be considered and may represent a target for therapeutic intervention.
The Dynamic Sovereign Order

This chapter develops the idea of a dynamic social order by, first, establishing a deeper sense of how sovereignty plays out on a systemic level; second, by laying out the ways in which the cross-historical recurrence of interstitial actors emerges from of the existence of sovereign order; and finally, by showing how sovereign orders throughout the period covered by this book rise, fall, and replace one another, with the result that each set of reforms to a given sovereign order goes on to create the interstitial battlefields of the next order.
Enhancing the cancer caregiving experience: Building resilience through role adjustment and mutuality.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the dyadic experience of caring for a family member with cancer. Particular attention was given to examine the relationship between dyadic perceptions of role adjustment and mutuality as facilitators in resilience for posttreatment cancer patients and family caregivers. Method For this convergent parallel, mixed-methods study using grounded theory methodologies, 12 dyads were recruited from the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Qualitative data collection focused on social interactions between cancer patients and their family caregivers to better understand and describe how post-treatment patients and caregivers create mutuality in their relationships, how they describe the processes of role-adjustment, and how these processes facilitate dyadic resiliency. Quantitative data collected through electronic survey included the Family Caregiving Inventory (FCI) for Mutuality Scale, Neuro QoL Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities-Short Forms, and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC). Results Eleven participants were spouses. Twenty-two self-reported as Caucasian. The sample ranged from 35 to 71 years of age (Caregiver M = 53.7, Patient M = 54.3). Most of the caregivers were female (n = 8; 66.7%) and most of the patients were male (n = 9; 75%). Qualitative interview data illuminated two primary psychosocial processes relating to resilience, role adjustment and mutuality, as key facilitators for transformation and growth within dyadic partnerships coping with the challenges of cancer treatment and cancer caregiving. The FCI-mutuality score for patients (M = 3.65 ± 0.47) and caregivers (M = 3.45 ± 0.42) reflected an average level of relationship quality. Relative to participation in, and satisfaction with social roles and activities, patients (M = 50.66 ± 7.70, M = 48.81 ± 6.64, respectively) and caregivers (M = 50.69 ± 8.6, M = 51.9 ± 8.75, respectively) reported scores that were similar to the US General Population (M = 50 ± 10). Conclusions New patterns of role adjustment and mutuality can assist with making meaning and finding benefit, and these patterns contribute to dyadic resilience when moving through a cancer experience. There are few interventions that target the function of the dyad, yet the emergent model identified in this paper provides a direction for future dyadic research. By developing interventions at a dyadic level, providers have the potential to encourage dyadic resilience and sustain partnerships from cancer treatment into survivorship .
Impact of straightened thermal profiles generated by gapped near field transducers on HAMR SNR

In this work, heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is simulated to assess the areal density advantages of various realistic thermal profiles. Specifically, finite element simulation and micromagnetic modeling are used to assess the areal density consequences of a straighter thermal profile with an associated wider track. This assessment is done by simulating the thermal profiles created by heads with gapped near field optical transducers (NFTs) and split magnetic poles. By varying the gap width of the NFT and the thickness of the medium interlayer, the above variation in transition straightness and associated written transition is achieved. At specific operating points, we find that a wider track with a straighter transition results in a slightly higher recording density (1.2Tb/in2 vs 0.9 Tb/in2). As expected, the former case finds its optimum at higher linear bit densities (1370 kFCI) and lower track densities (850 kTPI) than the latter case (870 kFCI and 1000 kTPI).In this work, heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is simulated to assess the areal density advantages of various realistic thermal profiles. Specifically, finite element simulation and micromagnetic modeling are used to assess the areal density consequences of a straighter thermal profile with an associated wider track. This assessment is done by simulating the thermal profiles created by heads with gapped near field optical transducers (NFTs) and split magnetic poles. By varying the gap width of the NFT and the thickness of the medium interlayer, the above variation in transition straightness and associated written transition is achieved. At specific operating points, we find that a wider track with a straighter transition results in a slightly higher recording density (1.2Tb/in2 vs 0.9 Tb/in2). As expected, the former case finds its optimum at higher linear bit densities (1370 kFCI) and lower track densities (850 kTPI) than the latter case (870 kFCI and 1000 kTPI).
The neoliberal logic of state seals of biliteracy

State‐issued seals and certificates of biliteracy are increasingly common nationwide. Nevertheless, limited research to date has examined how this state legislation functions as language in education policy and the ideological foundations of these policies. Addressing this gap, the present paper examines state seals as an instance of neoliberal language education policy and addresses how the policy has been constructed in public discourse and interview narratives and how it has been implemented to date. Focusing on one state, Minnesota, we demonstrate the neoliberal logic that undergirds state seals of biliteracy. Data revealed uneven availability of assessments and access to seals across the state. Access was largely determined by market‐oriented, rational choice ideologies, and dependent upon the language and district in question. Analysis also suggested that while Minnesota seals have been constructed in public discourse as a financial asset, their value is unclear in a potentially inflated marketplace of academic credentials within the state.
Multi-tiered system of supports in early childhood: identifying gaps, considerations for application, and solutions

Abstract Multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) is a model of preventative and differentiated instruction that is designed to meet the needs of all learners (Burns et al., 2016). However, early childhood education has remained in the periphery of many MTSS initiatives. Although there is much potential for MTSS in early childhood settings, it has yet to be realized due to a variety of barriers and unique challenges. This manuscript examines the potential of MTSS in ECE by describing the current challenges in conceptualization and implementation specific to MTSS in early childhood; and then providing potential solutions for each identified challenge. This conceptual paper's conclusions can be used to stimulate innovation and bring ECE MTSS into contemporary practice.
Exploring Corruption Robustness: Inductive Biases in Vision Transformers and MLP-Mixers.

Recently, vision transformers and MLP-based models have been developed in order to address some of the prevalent weaknesses in convolutional neural networks. Due to the novelty of transformers being used in this domain along with the self-attention mechanism, it remains unclear to what degree these architectures are robust to corruptions. Despite some works proposing that data augmentation remains essential for a model to be robust against corruptions, we propose to explore the impact that the architecture has on corruption robustness. We find that vision transformer architectures are inherently more robust to corruptions than the ResNet-50 and MLP-Mixers. We also find that vision transformers with 5 times fewer parameters than a ResNet-50 have more shape bias. Our code is available to reproduce.
Observation of Giant Optical Linear Dichroism in a Zigzag Antiferromagnet FePS3.

Direct optical probing of the antiferromagnetic order parameter in atomically thin samples is challenging, for example, via magneto-optical spectroscopy, due to the lack of net magnetization. Here, we report zigzag-antiferromagnetism (AFM) induced optical linear dichroism (LD) in layered transition-metal thiophosphate FePS3 down to the monolayer limit. The observed LD is giant despite having the optical wave vector parallel to the Neel vector. The LD is at least one order of magnitude larger than those reported in other antiferromagnetic systems, where the optical wave vector is orthogonal to the Neel vector. The large LD enables the probe of 60° orientated zigzag-AFM domains. The optical anisotropy in FePS3 originates from an electronic anisotropy associated with the zigzag direction of the AFM order and is independent of the spin-pointing direction. Our findings point to a new optical approach for the investigation and control of zigzag or stripe magnetic order in strongly correlated systems.
M Machines, R Repairmen (M/M/R/M)

This chapter pertains for a system with a limited number of units in the input population, like M machines in a shop that occasionally require service from R servers (repairmen). The inter-arrival time per unit and the service times are exponential. An example is a taxi fleet of 100 cabs with four service mechanics on duty to maintain and repair the cabs as needed. The probability on number of units in the repair system is generated. The basic performance measures of the system are developed and examples are presented.
Intraventricular Blood and Pneumocephalus After Epidural Blood Patch (P1.317)

OBJECTIVE: To report a novel case of intraventricular blood and pneumocephalus following epidural blood patch. BACKGROUND: Epidural blood patch (EBP) is considered a safe and effective treatment for post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). Pneumocephalus due to unintentional introduction of air into the subarachnoid space is a rare but recognized complication. We report a novel case of intraventricular blood and pneumocephalus following EBP. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: A 42 year-old woman with a history of HIV presented with headache and photophobia. Lumbar puncture was performed and normal. She was discharged, but developed a persistent orthostatic headache one day later and returned for evaluation. She was diagnosed with PDPH and an EBP was done. Immediately after the procedure, she developed a severe right-sided headache. CT of the head showed abundant pneumocephalus and hyperdense fluid in the lateral ventricles, most consistent with blood. Crowding of the posterior fossa was seen, suggestive of intracranial hypotension. MRI of the brain showed scattered T1 & T2 hyperintense foci in the subarachnoid space, also consistent with air. MRI of the lumbar spine showed epidural air in the dorsal lumbar sac from L3 to L5. She was treated with analgesics and symptoms resolved shortly. Follow-up CT 2 weeks later showed resolution of the abnormal findings. CONCLUSIONS: EBP is generally a safe and effective treatment for PDPH. Pain around the injection site and in the legs is the most common side effect. Rarely, air may pass inadvertently into the subarachnoid space during EBP and migrate cephalad, resulting in severe headache due to pneumocephalus. This is the first published report of intraventricular blood coupled with pneumocephalus to be seen observed after EBP. It is not known what the incidence or long term neurologic sequelae are. In our patient, both symptoms and radiographic findings were self-limited. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hillen has nothing to disclose.
On the boundary behavior of conformal maps

Suppose Ω is a simply connected domain which is mapped conformally onto a disk. A much studied problem is the behavior of the mapping function at an accessible boundary point P of Ω, in particular the question, under what conditions the map is ‘ “conformai” at such a point (a) in the sense that angles are preserved as P is approached from Ω (“semi-conformality” at P) and (b) the dilatation at P is finite and positive. In his fundamental paper [8] in 1936, A. Ostrowski established a necessary and sufficient condition (depending on the geometry of the domain only) for the validity of the first property which subsumes all previous results and establishes a definitive solution of this problem.
Endotoxic shock in the primate: Some effects of dopamine administration

Abstract The circulatory effects of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) in baboons with endotoxic shock were studied. A beneficial effect was seen in all cardiovascular parameters studied. Cardiac output was better maintained, and this was primarily due to an increase in the stroke volume. The renal artery flow was improved with a decrease in the renal resistance in the dopamine-treated group, when compared with the group receiving endotoxin alone. Arterial pH and Po 2 did not show significant changes. A rise in blood lactic acid level and a decrease in arterial Pco 2 were consistent findings whether or not the animals received dopamine. This study supports the view that dopamine improves the cardiovascular status of the subhuman primate in endotoxic shock and has implications with regard to the patient with endotoxic shock.
Effects of unilateral topical administration of 0.5% tropicamide on anterior segment morphology and intraocular pressure in normal cats and cats with primary congenital glaucoma

Objective To determine the effects of topical 0.5% tropicamide on anterior segment morphology (ASM) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal and glaucomatous cats.
Modular compilation of guarded atomic actions

Over the last decade, Bluespec, a hardware description language of guarded atomic actions has been used to describe rapidly modifiable, modular, no-compromise hardware designs and generate circuits from them. While the language itself supports significant modularity, the compiler compiles a module with other modules as parameters by in-lining or flattening the module. This forces the user to either suffer large compile times or to change the modular structure of the design. In this paper we propose a new modular compilation scheme which supports compilation of modules with interface methods as parameters and preserves Bluespec's one-rule-at-a-time semantic model. This compilation process inherently requires the distributed scheduling of rules.
Approximation Schemes Using L-Reductions

We present parallel approximation schemes for a large class of problems in logic and graph theory, when these problems are restricted to planar graphs and δ-near-planar graphs. Our results are based on the positive use of L-reductions, and the decomposition of a given graph into subgraphs for which the given problem can be solved optimally in polynomial time. The problems considered include MAX 3SAT, MAX SAT(S), maximum independent set, and minimum dominating set. Our NC-approximation schemes exhibit the same time versus performance tradeoff as those of Baker [Ba83]. For δ-near-planar graphs, this is the first time that approximation schemes of any kind have been obtained for these problems.
How Many Nurses are Enough? A pilot Study Measuring Nursing Care Hours per Patient Day and Patient Outcomes

En este articulo la autora presenta la investigacion y los hallazgos de la correlacion mejoria de los pacientes/diversidad de personal, en particular la proporcion de enfermeras registradas y su impacto en la calidad del cuidado. Al examinar las relaciones entre los indicadores de calidad del cuidado prestado por enfermeras, la investigadora se concentro en la mezcla de enfermeras profesionales registradas, y personal no profesional, en el mantenimiento de la piel, y en la relacion entre infecciones hospitalarias del tracto urinario y la satisfaccion de los pacientes por su mejoria. Los resultados senalan que el adecuado numero de personal de enfermeria y la apropiada mezcla de habilidades son factores que se deben tener en cuenta al tomar decisiones importantes acerca del tipo de personal. El estudio tambien demostro relaciones estadisticamente significativas entre la proporcion de enfermeras registradas, las infecciones hospitalarias del tracto urinario y la mejoria de los pacientes
Comparing finite type invariants of knots and integral homology 3-spheres

Using elementary counting methods of weight systems for finite type invariants of knots and integral homology 3-spheres, in the spirit of [B-NG], we answer positively three questions raised in [Ga]. In particular, we exhibit a one-to-one map from the space of finite type invariants of integral homology 3-spheres to the space of finite type invariants of knots in $S^3$.
PATRICIDAL PASSIONS: ASSAULTING THE FATHER/MOTHERLAND IN REINALDO ARENAS’ EL ASALTO AND JOÃO GILBERTO NOLL’S A CÉU ABERTO

This essay examines how traditional formulations of nationhood/national identity are contested in two Latin American novels: Reinaldo Arenas’s El asalto (1991) and Joao Gilberto Noll’s A ceu aberto (1996). These texts demystify the enunciation of a stable, productive national space by interrogating the conflation of familial unit and national unit(y). The family ties of El asalto and A ceu aberto contradict the stereotypical union of (heterosexual) “star-crossed” lovers of Latin America’s foundational romances in that they present the reader with, at best, dysfunctional families. By questioning the heteronormative construction of the nation/hood, these two novels expose the multiple expressions of violence and oppression inherent in said construction. Both El asalto and A ceu aberto reveal how authoritarian practices go hand in hand in the establishment of normative sexualities, and, by extension, hegemonic formulations of national identity. PAIXOS PATRICIDAS: ASSALTANDO O PATRIA EM EL ASALTO, DE REINALDO ARENAS E A CEU ABERTO, DE JOAO GILBERTO NOLL Este ensaio examina o questionamento da formulacao da nacao em dois romances, El asalto, de Reinaldo Arenas (1991) e A ceu aberto (1996), de Joao Gilberto Noll. Ambos os textos desmistificam a enunciacao de um espaco nacional estavel e produtivo ao interrogar a confluencia entre a unidade familiar e a unidade nacional. Os lacos familiares em El asalto e A ceu aberto contradizem o estereotipo da uniao heterossexual da maioria dos romances fundacionais latino-americanos. Ao questionar a construcao heteronormativa da nacao, estes dois romances expoem as multiplas expressoes de violencia e opressao inerentes a tal construcao. Tanto El asalto como A ceu aberto nos revelam como praticas autoritarias acompanham o estabelecimento de sexualidades normativas e, como extensao destas, formulacoes hegemonicas da identidade nacional.
Building an effective child maltreatment surveillance system in North Carolina.

n public health, the first step in assessment of a health or social problem is enumeration of the population affected and the impact of the problem. Estimated rates of child physical abuse in North Carolina range from 0.5 to 36 per 1,000 children, a 70-fold difference. Such disparate estimates of abuse rates challenge policy makers to establish policies and systems for prevention. A child maltreatment surveillance system is needed in North Carolina that will provide for continuous and systematic data to identify the magnitude and the impact of child abuse and neglect. This will inform the allocation of resources and public health action, and it will require leadership and responsibility within state government. In this commentary, we review the current approaches to child maltreatment surveillance, options for surveillance, and promising new practices. A public health-based child maltreatment surveillance system must rely on coordinated efforts and a variety of data sources from multiple sectors: social services, public health, law enforcement, and academic research. One of the challenges of developing a surveillance system lies in the definition of child maltreatment. Currently, this differs widely among agencies and care providers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Violence Prevention has made establishing uniform definitions of child abuse and neglect a priority for moving forward with surveillance, research, and prevention. A position statement with uniform definitions of various types of maltreatment will be forthcoming from the CDC. North Carolina’s Division of Public Health needs to begin the work of designing a child maltreatment surveillance system with elements that are aligned with our child maltreatment laws, yet are consistent with national definitions and data elements.
Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine.

Microdialysis in behaving animals was used to concomitantly characterize the dopamine and 5-HT responses in the caudate and the norepinephrine response in the hippocampus to the D- and L-isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Doses of all four drugs which promoted similar stereotypy responses produced a D-amphetamine-like response profile of dopamine and dopamine metabolites, suggesting that all these drugs interact with dopamine systems to facilitate the release of transmitter. However, in contrast to the similar behavioral profiles, the magnitude of the dopamine responses diverged significantly. In addition, all four drugs increased extracellular norepinephrine and 5- HT, but the relative responses differed markedly from dopamine and from each other. The contrasting structure-activity relationships for these drugs likely reflect their differential potency at the various neuronal uptake transporters in promoting either transmitter release, and/or uptake blockade. In addition, the interaction of each drug at the vesicular transporters, as well as the availability of a cytoplasmic pool of transmitter likely also contribute to the neurotransmitter response. Because of the particularly divergent transmitter response profiles exhibited by L-methamphetamine, its behavioral and neurotransmitter effects were characterized over a more extended range of doses. Although the duration of the increase in extracellular dopamine was clearly proportional to dose, the dose-dependent increases in the magnitude of the dopamine response did not parallel the behavioral profiles. The results of these studies indicate that, while the dopamine, norepinephrine and 5-HT responses to these drugs probably contribute to the expression of stimulant-induced behaviors, simple relationships between the neurotransmitter responses and the behavioral profiles were not evident.
Cryogenic Distillation and Air Separation

Various advanced coal conversion-to-electricity processes are discussed in Chap. 1 that depend on the use of a gas stream comprised primarily of oxygen; therefore, air separation into its primary components, i.e., nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), and argon (Ar) are discussed within the context to CO2 capture. One of the dominant processes used for air distillation is cryogenic distillation. Cryogenic separation may also be used as a polishing step to enhance the purity of a gas stream predominantly comprised of CO2.
Sediments of the Continental Margin off the Eastern United States

The character and distribution of surficial sediments on the continental shelf and slope between northern Maine and southern Florida have been denned on the basis of more than 6,000 bottom samples. Most shelf sediments were deposited in shallow water (probably littoral depths) during the last lower stand of sea level. Modern sediments are accumulating only in estuaries, in certain nearshore areas and on the continental slope. A large portion of the shelf sediment north of lat 41° N. was deposited by Pleistocene glaciers that covered the area. Sediments on the middle Atlantic shelf consist of predominantly arkosic to subarkosic fluvial sands. The inner shelf off the southeastern United States is covered by suborthoquartzitic fluvial sands, derived mostly from Piedmont rivers; carbonate-rich sands occur over much of the outer shelf and upper slope. Residual detritus, reworked from underlying mid-Tertiary formations, is an important sedimentary component on Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals, Onslow Bay, the Florida-Hatteras slope, and the Blake Plateau. Although most sediments are not in compositional equilibrium with the present-day shelf environment, there is considerable evidence to suggest that many may be in at least partial textural equilibrium. Holocene reworking has removed most fine-grained sediment, leaving only coarse to medium sand. Some fine-grained fluvial sediment escapes the estuaries and near-shore during floods and storms, but this influx is not sufficient to offset the effect of winnowing by currents and waves. A significant portion of the modern near-shore sediment, in fact, may be derived from landward transport of fine-grained sediment from the central and outer shelf. Despite the evidence of active sediment movement on the shelf, however, the net lateral transport of sand and gravel appears to be limited. Because of the lack of present-day terrigenous sedimentation, a primary source of modern shelf sediment is calcareous skeletal material. If the present-day surface were preserved in the geologic record, much of it probably would be a carbonate-rich layer, containing altered and reworked skeletal material representing a variety of depositional environments.
Experimental study of deadline scheduling for interactive systems

This paper outlines a resource allocation strategy called deadline scheduling, which is intended for use in interactive systems. Experiments are reported in which simplified versions of deadline scheduling and two time slicing strategies are modeled and compared under identical conditions. Results suggest that deadline scheduling, primarily by reducing paging overhead, provides faster response and supports more interactive users concurrently than do the two time slicing methods.
Formation of atomically smooth epitaxial metal films on a chemically reactive interface: Mg on Si(111)

Deposition of Mg on Si(111)7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 7 produces an epitaxial magnesium silicide layer. Under identical annealing conditions, the thickness of this Mg${}_{2}$Si(111) layer increases with deposition amount, reaching a maximum of 4 monolayer (ML) and decreasing to \ensuremath{\sim}3 ML at higher Mg coverage. Excess Mg coalesces into atomically flat, crystalline Mg(0001) films. This surprising growth mode can be attributed to the accidental commensurability of the Mg(0001), Si(111), and Mg${}_{2}$Si(111) interlayer spacing and the concurrent minimization of in-plane Si mass transfer and domain-wall energies. The commensurability of the interlayer spacing defines a highly unique solid-phase epitaxial growth process capable of producing trilayer structures with atomically abrupt interfaces and atomically smooth surface morphologies.