cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilizing the Urban Fabric as the Solar Power Plant of the Future

Abstract The provisions contained in the recently adopted Paris Agreement turn discussions of climate change policy toward the significant challenge of implementation. Accepted objectives of limiting global average temperature increases to “well below” 2°C without furthering climate injustice will require the pursuit of deep decarbonization pathways with infrastructure-scale solutions that are nevertheless capable of retaining the advantages and benefits of decentralization. With the majority of the human population and its activities hosted by cities, implementation must have, as a priority component, the decarbonization of urban life. The implementation challenge is particularly poignant in the urban energy services sector, where conventional infrastructure-scale solutions deepen climate injustice. In this chapter, conventional infrastructure-scale energy production components (i.e., fossil fuel powered power plants) are contrasted with a new solution in the form of the “solar city,” where the urban fabric is reconstituted as a platform for decentralized production of solar electricity at a scale that advances the twin aims of sustainability and justice ( Byrne et al., 2015 , Byrne et al., 2016 , Byrne et al., 2017a ). The comparison is analyzed in terms of the economic, social, and environmental challenges of urban decarbonization.
Understanding public support for eugenic policies: Results from survey data

Abstract Little published empirical research has investigated public support for eugenic policies. To add to this literature, a survey on attitudes about eugenic policies was conducted of participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk who indicated residence in the United States (N > 400). Survey items assessed the levels and correlates of support for policies that, among other things, encourage lower levels of reproduction among the poor, the unintelligent, and people who have committed serious crimes and encourage higher levels of reproduction among the wealthy and the intelligent. Analyses of responses indicated nontrivial support for most of the eugenic policies asked about, such as at least 40% support for policies encouraging lower levels of reproduction among poor people, unintelligent people, and people who have committed serious crimes. Support for the eugenic policies often associated with feelings about the target group and with the perceived heritability of the distinguishing trait of the target group. To the extent that this latter association reflects a causal effect of perceived heritability, increased genetic attributions among the public might produce increased public support for eugenic policies and increase the probability that such policies are employed.
(150) Short-Term Outcomes following an Intensive Outpatient Program for Patients with Comorbid Substance Use Disorder and Chronic Pain at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC)

Research suggests a high comorbidity between chronic pain and substance use disorder (SUD), particularly within a military population. Optimal clinical treatment for those with chronic pain and SUD is believed to be multidisciplinary care. However, limited research has been conducted on this topic within the military health care system (MHS). This quality improvement project examines short-term outcomes for a joint-SUD and chronic pain intensive outpatient program (IOP). Active duty, veterans, and dependents were enrolled in a 6-week Joint-IOP at WRNMMC. The multidisciplinary team included addiction social workers, physical therapists, nurses, and clinical psychologists. Patients received a breathalyzer and urine drug screen at the time of treatment initiation and periodically throughout. Participants filled out the following validated questionnaires pre- and post-treatment: Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS), Pain Outcomes Questionnaire (POQ), Brief Addiction Monitor (BAM), World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Fifty-eight patients completed the joint-IOP. Paired T-tests suggest a reduction in DVPRS worst pain scores (p=0.013), reduced POQ total impairment (p=0.034) and improved POQ vitality (p=0.024) from pre- to post-treatment. Paired T-tests suggest a trend toward decreased alcohol and substance use as measured by the BAM (p=0.056). Both WHO quality of life and pain catastrophizing showed no significant change. This project suggests that patients suffering from chronic pain and SUD within the MHS have improved pain and SUD outcomes at the completion of a 6-week joint-IOP. Implications of this project suggest the importance of concurrently treating chronic pain and SUD within the MHS.
Lesser Metatarsal Head with Avascular Necrosis and Revision PIPJ Distraction Arthrodesis

Second metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) instability in the setting of a shortened first ray may lead to metatarsalgia, digital edema, and recalcitrant pain, which often fails conservative therapy. Appropriate recognition of the pathology and addressing the metatarsal parabola and tri-planar nature of this deformity are important in achieving good clinical outcomes. Even with meticulous surgical technique, the inherent biology of the bone may become attenuated resulting in flattening of the articular surface, thereby, precipitating recurrence of deformity. Fortunately, options exist for the surgical correction of second ray shortening and managing avascular necrosis through the use of arthrodiastasis, core decompression supplemented with stem cell augmentation, and autogenous grafting for interpositional proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis.
Development of the CMS MIP timing detector

Abstract The CMS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is undergoing an extensive Phase II upgrade programme to prepare for the challenging conditions of the High-Luminosity LHC. In particular, a new timing detector, the MTD, will measure minimum ionizing particles with a time resolution of 30–50 ps and hermetic coverage up to a pseudo-rapidity of | η | = 3 . The MTD will consist of a central barrel region based on L(Y)SO:Ce crystals read out with SiPMs and two end-caps instrumented with radiation-tolerant low gain avalanche detectors. The precision time information from the MTD will reduce the effects of the high levels of pile-up expected at the High-Luminosity LHC and will bring new and unique capabilities to the CMS detector. The time information assigned to each track will enable the use of 4D reconstruction algorithms and will further discriminate interaction vertices within the same bunch crossing to recover the track purity of vertices in current LHC conditions. We present the motivations for precision timing at the High-Luminosity LHC, the overall detector design and technological choices including ongoing R&D studies targeting enhanced timing performance and radiation tolerance.
Using Information Processing Strategies to Predict Message Level Contagion in Social Media

Social media content can have extensive online influence [1], but assessing offline influence using online behavior is challenging. Cognitive information processing strategies offer a potential way to code online behavior that may be more predictive of offline preferences, beliefs, and behavior than counting retweets or likes. In this study, we employ information processing strategies, particularly depth of processing, to assess message-level influence. Tweets from the Charlottesville protest in August 2017 were extracted with favorite count, retweet count, quote count, and reply count for each tweet. We present methods and formulae that incorporate favorite counts, retweet counts, quote counts, and reply counts in accordance with depth of processing theory to assess message-level contagion. Tests assessing the association between our message-level depth of processing estimates and user-level influence indicate that our formula are significantly associated with user level influence, while traditional methods using likes and retweet counts are less so.
URMILA: A Performance and Mobility-Aware Fog/Edge Resource Management Middleware

Fog/'Edge computing is increasingly used to support a wide range of latency-sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) applications due to its elastic computing capabilities that are offered closer to the users. Despite this promise, IoT applications with user mobility face many challenges since offloading the application functionality from the edge to the fog may not always be feasible due to the intermittent connectivity to the fog, and could require application migration among fog nodes due to user mobility. Likewise, executing the applications exclusively on the edge may not be feasible due to resource constraints and battery drain. To address these challenges, this paper describes URMILA, a resource management middleware that makes effective tradeoffs between using fog and edge resources while ensuring that the latency requirements of the IoT applications are met. We evaluate URMILA in the context of a real-world use case on an emulated but realistic IoT testbed.
A visibilidade da população em situação de rua através das linhas do jornal “Boca de Rua”

It is not necessary to go far in large metropolises to realize that the number of people in the street is increasing, although this part of the population has little social visibility. To give voice to these individuals, Alice was founded in 1999 (Free Agency for Information, Citizenship and Education), which in 2001 integrated the newspaper Boca de Rua in its periodicals. The Boca de Rua is a community newspaper who aims to make people aware of street situations, as well as the aspects that make up their daily life of survival, and is thought of in a collaborative way by the characters themselves, that is, street individuals. This article deals with the analysis of the articles published in the newspaper Boca de Rua, selected during the seventeen years of existence of the period, in order to apprehend the residents’ point of view about their social reality. Through the Content Analysis, a mapping of the contents most frequently chosen during the twenty-eight editions of the newspaper Boca de Rua was carried out. The recurring themes were grouped into five subcategories: Human Rights; Invisibility; Discrimination and Prejudice; Work and Income; Drugs and Violence; Social Movements, Citizenship and Art. It was concluded that the construction of the social reality of the homeless in a street situation is permeated by stigma and violation of rights, although Boca de Rua acts in a way to give voice to this population, contributing to the social awareness of the problem of surviving in the street. Keywords: Community newspaper. Homeless population. Social vulnerability.
Gleason score 5 + 3 = 8 (grade group 4) prostate cancer-a rare occurrence with contemporary grading.

Summary Grade Group (GG) 4 prostate cancer includes Gleason scores (GS) 3 + 5 = 8, 4 + 4 = 8, and 5 + 3 = 8. Some studies without pathology re-review of historical cohorts proposed that the presence of pattern 5 worsens prognosis compared to GS 4 + 4 = 8 cancer. We assessed how often historically graded GS 5 + 3 = 8 cancers retain this grade with contemporary grading recommendations. Sixteen prostate biopsies and 24 radical prostatectomies (RP) reported from 2005 to 2019 as GS 5 + 3 = 8 were re-reviewed and graded according to contemporary recommendations. In discrepant cases, an attempt was made to explain the different grading. One (6%) biopsy and 3 (12%) RPs remained GS 5 + 3 = 8 (GG4) after re-review. Two (12%) biopsies remained GG4 but were re-graded as GS 3 + 5 = 8 and 1 (4%) RP was reclassified as GS 4 + 4 = 8 (GG4). Eight (50%) biopsies and 15 (64%) RPs were upgraded to Gleason scores 9–10 (GG5). Five (32%) biopsies and 1 (4%) RPs were downgraded to Gleason score 7 (GG2 and 3). One (4%) RP showed GS 3 + 3 = 6 (GG1) cancer. Data from 2013-current from the 3 institutions were available to assess the incidence of GS 5 + 3 = 8 following re-review of the cases. Out of 14 359 biopsies with cancer and 6727 radical prostatectomy specimens, only 1 case (0.007%) and no cases (0%) were graded as GS 5 + 3 = 8, respectively. Reasons for grading discrepancies included: 1) assigning an overall common grade to separate needle cores or tumor nodules; 2) inclusion of
The Discrepancy Between Cognitive Complaints and Neuropsychological Test Findings in Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective To better identify variables related to discrepancies between subjective cognitive complaints and objective neuropsychological findings in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting Three rehabilitation centers in the United States. Participants In total, 504 community-dwelling adult survivors of TBI following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Design Prospective cohort observation study. Main measures Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition, Digit Span; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Trail Making Test, Part B; Word Memory Test; Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; TBI-Quality of Life item bank. Results Statistical analyses revealed multiple factors associated with subjective-objective discrepancies in attention, memory, and executive functions. Depression was consistently associated with underestimation of cognitive abilities. However, subjective-objective discrepancies varied by cognitive domains in regard to other factors related to underestimation and overestimation of abilities. Conclusions Reconciling and interpreting subjective-objective discrepancies regarding cognitive functions following TBI are important tasks for case conceptualization and treatment planning. Depression is an important patient characteristic to consider when discrepancy patterns indicate underestimation of cognitive abilities. This study highlights the importance of assessing mood, a modifiable patient characteristic, with self-report symptom inventories. Future studies are needed to connect these findings with TBI outcomes.
Functional analyses of mammalian virus 5'UTR-derived, small RNAs that regulate virus translation.

Abstract Enterovirus A71 (EV-A711) RNA contains an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) to direct cap-independent translation. IRES-dependent translation requires the host’s translation initiation factors and IRES-associated trans-acting factors (ITAFs). We previously showed that hnRNP A1, the mRNA stability factor HuR, and the RISC subunit Argonaute 2 (Ago2) are ITAFs that associate with stem loop II (SL-II) of the IRES and promote IRES-dependent translation. By contrast, the mRNA decay factor AUF1 is a negative-acting ITAF that also binds SL-II. Moreover, the small RNA-processing enzyme Dicer produces at least four virus-derived, small RNAs (vsRNAs 1–4) from the EV-A71 5′UTR in infected cells. One of these, vsRNA1, derived from SL-II, inhibits IRES activity via an unknown mechanism. In vitro RNA-binding assays revealed that vsRNA1 can alter association of Ago2, HuR, and AUF1 with SL-II. This presents a possible mechanism by which vsRNA1 could control association of ITAFs with the IRES and modulate viral translation. Here, we describe methods for functional analyses of vsRNA1-mediated regulation of IRES activity. These methods should be applicable to other virus-derived, small RNAs as well.
Physical resurgent extrapolation

Abstract Expansions of physical functions are controlled by their singularities, which have special structure because they themselves are physical, corresponding to instantons, caustics or saddle configurations. Resurgent asymptotics formalizes this idea mathematically, and leads to significantly more powerful extrapolation methods to extract physical information from a finite number of terms of an expansion, including precise decoding of non-perturbative effects. We quantify the gain of precision for various extrapolation procedures, showing that significant improvements can be achieved using exactly the same input data, and we illustrate the general method with examples from quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.
Palbociclib treatment alters nucleotide biosynthesis and glutamine dependency in A549 cells.

Aberrant activity of cell cycle proteins is one of the key somatic events in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis. In most NSCLC cases, the retinoblastoma protein tumor suppressor (RB) becomes inactivated via constitutive phosphorylation by cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Palbociclib, a small molecule inhibitor of CDK4/6, has shown anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies demonstrating a functional role for palbociclib in reprogramming cellular metabolism. While palbociclib has shown efficacy in preclinical models of NSCLC, the metabolic consequences of CDK4/6 inhibition in this context are largely unknown. In our study, we used a combination of stable isotope resolved metabolomics using [U-13C]-glucose and multiple in vitro metabolic assays, to interrogate the metabolic perturbations induced by palbociclib in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Specifically, we assessed changes in glycolytic activity, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and glutamine utilization. We performed these studies following palbociclib treatment with simultaneous silencing of RB1 to define the pRB-dependent changes in metabolism. Our studies revealed palbociclib does not affect glycolytic activity in A549 cells but decreases glucose metabolism through the PPP. This is in part via reducing activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate limiting enzyme in the PPP. Additionally, palbociclib enhances glutaminolysis to maintain mitochondrial respiration and sensitizes A549 cells to the glutaminase inhibitor, CB-839. Notably, the effects of palbociclib on both the PPP and glutamine utilization occur in an RB-dependent manner. Together, our data define the metabolic impact of palbociclib treatment in A549 cells and may support the targeting CDK4/6 inhibition in combination with glutaminase inhibitors in NSCLC patients with RB-proficient tumors.
Widely spaced planes of magnetic dimers in the Ba 6 Y 2 Rh 2 Ti 2 O 17 − δ hexagonal perovskite

We report the synthesis and initial characterization of ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{6}{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{Rh}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{17\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$, a previously unreported material, to the best of our knowledge, with a hexagonal symmetry structure. Face-sharing $\mathrm{Rh}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra form triangular planes of ${\mathrm{Rh}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{9}$ dimers that are widely separated in the perpendicular direction. The material displays a small effective magnetic moment, due to the Rh ions present, and a negative Curie-Weiss temperature. The charge transport and optical band gaps are very similar, near 0.16 eV. A large upturn in the heat capacity at temperatures below 1 K, suppressed by applied magnetic fields larger than ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}\mathrm{H}=2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$, is observed. A large T-linear term in the specific heat ($\ensuremath{\gamma}=166\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}/{\mathrm{mol}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{f}.\mathrm{u}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}}^{2}$) is seen, although the material is insulating at low temperatures. These results suggest the possibility of a spin liquid ground state in this material.
Clinical evaluation of prophylactic regimens for bovine respiratory disease

Experiments were conducted using a 3 by 2 factorial design to evaluate the efficacy of Haemophilus somnus and unspecified Pasteurella inactivated vaccines and to compare the oral and intramuscular route of administration of a BVD vaccine. 303 crossbred steer calves with an average weight of 222 kg were purchased and any animal showing clinical signs of illness excluded. All calves in the trial received an intranasal IBR vaccine, 2.5 million units of vitamin A intramuscularly, three 36 mg implants of zeranol, multivalent clostridial vaccine and levamisole. Calves were randomly assigned to treatment groups by a random number table. 45 randomly-selected calves distributed among all treatment groups were bled during processing and again 42 days after vaccination to collect paired samples. The calves were checked daily and any with clinical signs of respiratory disease were treated. The calves were weighed on arrival and at 34, 72 and 106 days, and daily feed consumption was calculated. The pasteurella vaccine reduced the incidence of BRD and improved the response to treatment. The result disagrees with previous findings, perhaps because of differences in prior exposure, movements in marketing channels or the virulence of the bacteria. The BRD morbidity rate and response to treatment were no different for the oral and intramuscular route of administration. However, the immune response to the BVD vaccine as measured by serum neutralisation was greater following oral administration.
Label-free Map of Adult Danionella dracula Brain for in vivo Navigation Using Third Harmonic Generation Microscopy

We use third harmonic generation to generate a high-resolution, whole-brain, label-free in vivo map of adult Danionella dracula and compare identified structures with an established brain atlas for closely-related zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Runge, Philipp Otto 1777–1810

Philipp Otto Runge was born on July 23, 1777, the ninth of 11 children of a tradesman and cargo shipowner and his wife in Wolgast, Pomerania, on the Baltic Sea, then under Swedish rule. As a child, he was frequently ill with tuberculosis, being often educated at home. In 1795, he began a commercial apprenticeship at his older brother Daniel’s firm in Hamburg. In 1799, Daniel supported Otto financially to begin the study of painting at the Copenhagen Academy. In 1801, Otto moved to Dresden to continue his studies, where among others he met his future wife Pauline Bassenge and the painter Caspar David Friedrich. He also began to study extensively the writings of the seventeenth-century mystic Jakob Boehme. In 1803, on a visit to Weimar, Runge unexpectedly met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and the two formed a friendship based on their common interests in color and art. After marrying Pauline in 1804, they moved to Hamburg. But due to imminent war dangers (Napoleonic siege of Hamburg) they relocated in 1805 to his parental home in Wolgast where they remained until 1807, then returning to Hamburg. Together they had four children, the last born on the day after Runge’s premature death in 1810. In March of 1810, Runge became ill with tuberculosis again to which he succumbed on December 2 of the year. Runge was of a mystical, deeply Christian turn of mind, and in his artistic work, he tried to express notions of the harmony of the universe through symbolism of color, form, and numbers. He considered blue, yellow, and red to be symbolic of the Christian trinity, equating blue with God and the night; red with morning, evening, and Jesus; and yellow with the Holy Spirit (Runge in Hinterlassene Schriften. Perthes, Hamburg, p. 17, 1841 [1]). During his short life, he became one of the most important German painters of the Romantic period.
Evaluation of Initial Metastatic Tumor Location and Radiation Response to Determine Outcomes in Patients Who Received Combination Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for NSCLC

Purpose/Objective(s) Combination SBRT and immune checkpoint inhibition is safe and efficacious for metastatic NSCLC. It is unknown whether the site of metastatic disease at diagnosis or SBRT response can be used as predictors of PFS or OS. We report follow-up from a prospective phase I clinical trial examining predictors of OS and PFS based on initial metastatic tumor disease location, as well as SBRT response. Materials/Methods Thirty-seven patients with treatment-naive metastatic NSCLC were reviewed. Patients received SBRT to doses of 30-50 Gy in 3-5 fractions to 1-6 metastases, as well as concurrent (immunotherapy with SBRT) or sequential (immunotherapy after completion of SBRT) nivolumab/ipilimumab on a phase I clinical trial at a single institution. All metastatic lesions were evaluated and the sites of initial disease, including liver, bone, or thoracic only metastases, were evaluated to determine if those sites influenced OS or PFS. Treated metastases control (TMC) was defined as lack of progression for irradiated metastases. Landmark analysis was used to assess correlation of TMC and OS. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze OS and PFS. Results Thirty-seven patients with 120 evaluable metastases were enrolled with a median follow-up of 17.0 months. Patients who had liver metastases at baseline (n = 8) were found to have a worse PFS (log-rank P = 0.048), but no difference in OS (log-rank P = 0.243) when compared to patients who did not have liver metastases at baseline (n = 29). There was a trend toward significance for better PFS in patients who had thoracic only metastases at baseline (n = 6) compared to patients that had extra-thoracic metastases (n = 31) at baseline (Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon P = 0.061); however, there was no difference in OS. There was no statistically significant difference in PFS or OS for patients with bone metastases (n = 9) at baseline compared to patients who did not have bone metastases at baseline (n = 28). One- and two-year TMC were 93.8% and 91.7%, respectively. TMC corresponded to better OS (log-rank P = 0.040). Conclusion Liver metastases present at diagnosis in metastatic NSCLC correlate with worse PFS. Treated metastases control rates also correlate with OS. These metrics may help predict outcomes and inform whether additional aggressive therapy is required for patients with metastatic NSCLC.
Macrophage Activation as a Model System for Understanding Enhancer Transcription and eRNA Function

Macrophages are innate immune cells that sense the presence of pathogens through conserved pattern recognition receptors, which include TLR4. Activation of TLR4 by bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces the expression of thousands of genes that function to initiate inflammation and coordinate innate and adaptive immune responses. Transcriptional activation of TLR4-responsive genes is mediated by signal-dependent transcription factors, such as NFκB, which bind to DNA regulatory elements termed enhancers. Recent findings indicate that macrophage enhancers are actively transcribed in concert with nearby genes. Similar observations have been reported for other cell types, raising the general question of whether enhancer transcription and/or the resulting enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are of functional importance. Here, we review the use of macrophage activation as an experimental system for addressing these questions and highlight areas for future research.
Lowest-Landau-level theory of the quantum Hall effect: The Fermi-liquid-like state of bosons at filling factor one

A theory for a Fermi-liquid-like state in a system of charged bosons at filling factor 1 is developed, working in the lowest Landau level. The approach is based on a representation of the problem as fermions with a system of constraints, introduced by Pasquier and Haldane (unpublished). This makes the system a gauge theory with gauge algebra ${W}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}.$ The low-energy theory is analyzed based on a Hartree-Fock approximation and a corresponding conserving approximation. This is shown to be equivalent to introducing a gauge field, which at long wavelengths gives an infinite-coupling U(1) gauge theory, without a Chern-Simons term. The system is compressible, and the Fermi-liquid properties are similar, but not identical, to those in the previous U(1) Chern-Simons fermion theory. The fermions in the theory are effectively neutral, but carry a dipole moment. The density-density response, longitudinal conductivity, and current density are considered explicitly.
Electrophoretic separation of dynein heavy chains.

Publisher Summary Molecular studies of axonemal dyneins have demonstrated that each outer and inner dynein arm contains at least two multiple dynein heavy chains (DHCs) and that inner dynein arms may be composed of different heavy chains along the length of the axoneme. It is probable that each kind of motile axoneme contains multiple DHCs. All DHCs characterized until now cannot be resolved by two-dimensional poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and are resolved by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis only under specific conditions. The electrophoretic procedure presented in this chapter is a modified version of the procedure of Neville. It can be applied to resolve at least some of the DHCs present in cilia or eukaryotic flagella. It was developed to obtain optimal resolution of the 9 or 11 DHCs that are assembled in the axoneme of Chlamydomonas flagella. The procedure is capable of resolving six bands, each comprising one or two or three of the DHCs. Although changes in the composition of the gel or buffers used for the electrophoresis cause changes in the electrophoretic patterns formed by the DHCs, all DHCs cannot be separated by gel electrophoresis alone because they are so similar in structure and present in the axonemes at different concentrations. Complete separation of DHC subsets can be achieved through gel electrophoresis if the number of DHCs under analysis is reduced by mutation or chromatographic fractionation. The chapter discusses the chemicals involved, the solutions, and the apparatus needed. Nine stock solutions are prepared and kept at room temperature. The electrophoresis is performed in a homemade, vertical apparatus that holds 35.5-cm-wide, 26.5-cm-long, and 0.4-cm-thick glass plates. Thinner glass plates are not adequate for optimal resolution of dynein heavy chains because they are flexible and do not provide a gel slab that has homogeneous thickness. Polymerizations are performed at room temperatures.
Dealing with the Past: shared and contested narratives in ‘post-conflict’ Northern Ireland

This article explores a West Belfast commemoration project that challenges dominant narratives shielding State-sponsored violence from interrogation and demands that these acts be recognized and redressed. The remembrance trail offers a counternarrative by presenting memory that contests hegemonic constructs and articulates the need for justice. Both the trail’s temporality and its insistence on making conflict visible rather than homogenizing the past demonstrates its innovation and necessity in a society in transition.
Arabidopsis CPL4 is an essential Ser2-specific CTD-phosphatase regulating general and xenobiotic responsive gene expression (617.2)

Phosphoregulation on C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (pol II) is a pivotal mechanism to control transcription. Pol II CTD kinases and phosphatases have been extensively studied in anim...
Facilitating the design of fault tolerance in transaction level systemc programs

Due to their increasing complexity, today's SoC (System on Chip) systems are subject to a variety of faults (e.g., soft errors, component crash, etc.), thereby making fault tolerance a highly important property of such systems. However, designing fault tolerance is a complex task in part due to the large scale of integration of SoC systems and different levels of abstraction provided by modern system design languages such as SystemC. Most existing methods enable fault injection and impact analysis as a means for increasing design dependability. Nonetheless, such methods provide little support for designing fault tolerance. To facilitate the design of fault tolerance in SoC systems, this paper propose an approach where fault tolerance is designed at the level of inter-component communication protocols in SystemC Transaction Level (TL) models. The proposed method includes four main steps, namely model extraction, fault modeling, addition of fault tolerance and refinement of synthesized fault tolerance to SystemC code. We demonstrate the proposed approach using a simple SystemC transaction level program that is subject to communication faults. We also provide a roadmap for future research at the intersection of fault tolerance and hardware-software co-design.
Surgeons' Leadership Styles and Team Behavior in the Operating Room

Background The importance of leadership is recognized in surgery, but the specific impact of leadership style on team behavior is not well understood. In other industries, leadership is a well-characterized construct. One dominant theory proposes that transactional (task-focused) leaders achieve minimum standards and transformational (team-oriented) leaders inspire performance beyond expectations. Study Design We videorecorded 5 surgeons performing complex operations. Each surgeon was scored on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, a validated method for scoring transformational and transactional leadership style, by an organizational psychologist and a surgeon researcher. Independent coders assessed surgeons' leadership behaviors according to the Surgical Leadership Inventory and team behaviors (information sharing, cooperative, and voice behaviors). All coders were blinded. Leadership style (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) was correlated with surgeon behavior (Surgical Leadership Inventory) and team behavior using Poisson regression, controlling for time and the total number of behaviors, respectively. Results All surgeons scored similarly on transactional leadership (range 2.38 to 2.69), but varied more widely on transformational leadership (range 1.98 to 3.60). Each 1-point increase in transformational score corresponded to 3 times more information-sharing behaviors (p Conclusions We provide a framework for evaluating surgeons' leadership and its impact on team performance in the operating room. As in other fields, our data suggest that transformational leadership is associated with improved team behavior. Surgeon leadership development, therefore, has the potential to improve the efficiency and safety of operative care.
Exome Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA from Metastatic Cancer Patients Identifies Clinically Actionable Mutations Distinct from Primary Disease

The identification of the molecular drivers of cancer by sequencing is the backbone of precision medicine and the basis of personalized therapy; however, biopsies of primary tumors provide only a snapshot of the evolution of the disease and may miss potential therapeutic targets, especially in the metastatic setting. A liquid biopsy, in the form of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing, has the potential to capture the inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity present in metastatic disease, and, through serial blood draws, track the evolution of the tumor genome. In order to determine the clinical utility of cfDNA sequencing we performed whole-exome sequencing on cfDNA and tumor DNA from two patients with metastatic disease; only minor modifications to our sequencing and analysis pipelines were required for sequencing and mutation calling of cfDNA. The first patient had metastatic sarcoma and 47 of 48 mutations present in the primary tumor were also found in the cell-free DNA. The second patient had metastatic breast cancer and sequencing identified an ESR1 mutation in the cfDNA and metastatic site, but not in the primary tumor. This likely explains tumor progression on Anastrozole. Significant heterogeneity between the primary and metastatic tumors, with cfDNA reflecting the metastases, suggested separation from the primary lesion early in tumor evolution. This is best illustrated by an activating PIK3CA mutation (H1047R) which was clonal in the primary tumor, but completely absent from either the metastasis or cfDNA. Here we show that cfDNA sequencing supplies clinically actionable information with minimal risks compared to metastatic biopsies. This study demonstrates the utility of whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA from patients with metastatic disease. cfDNA sequencing identified an ESR1 mutation, potentially explaining a patient’s resistance to aromatase inhibition, and gave insight into how metastatic lesions differ from the primary tumor.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of surface-adsorbed fullerenes: C60, C70, and C84

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to characterize partial monolayers of C 60 , C 70 , and C 84 adsorbed on the Au(1 1 1) surface at room temperature and under ambient conditions. A high degree of structural polymorphism is observed for monolayers of each of these fullerenes. For C 60 , three lattice packings are observed, including a previously unreported 7 × 7 R 21.8° structure that is stabilized by adjacent surface step defects. For C 70 , two lattice packings are observed, and analysis of molecular features in STM images allows molecular binding geometry to be determined. In one of the two observed lattice structures, C 70 molecules align their long axis along the surface normal, while in the other, molecules align parallel to the surface and along a gold lattice direction. The parallel geometry is also preferred for isolated and loosely packed molecules on the surface. C 84 exhibits a large number of lattice orientations and no long-range order, and likely binds incommensurately on Au(1 1 1). Time series of images of partial C 70 monolayers show progressive surface modification as a result of perturbation by the STM tip; this is in contrast to the behavior of C 60 , where alterations in surface structure at room temperature are thermally driven.
Activation of proliferation and differentiation of dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) by heat stress.

Objectives Adult stem cells (ASCs) remain in a slowly cycling/quiescent state under normal physiological conditions, but they can be awakened from this by certain factors, such as injury signals. Previously, our group has shown that dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) appear to proliferate more rapidly than their non-stem cell counterparts at elevated temperatures. The study described here has aimed to (i) elucidate optimal temperature in which to culture DFSCs, (ii) determine whether elevated temperatures could enhance differentiation capability of DFSCs and (iii) characterize stem cell and osteogenic marker expression of DFSCs at elevated temperatures. Materials and methods DFSCs obtained from rat first molars were cultured at 37 (control), 38, 39, 40 and 41 oC. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Alamar blue reduction assay and mean numbers of viable dissociated cells. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated after 7 or 14 days osteogenic induction. Expression of selected marker genes was also assessed during proliferation and differentiation of the cells. Results Increased cell proliferation was seen at heat-stress temperatures of 38o, 39o and 40 oC. DFSCs revealed maximal osteogenesis when cultured at 39 and 40 oC. Moreover, some stem cell and osteogensis-associated markers had elevated expression in heat-stress conditions. Conclusions Under determined heat-stress conditions, DFSCs increased their proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and expression of some marker genes. Thus, it is likely that elevated temperature could serve as a factor to activate adult stem cells.
Impact of net positive suction head on the design and operation of seawater pumping systems for use in aquaculture

There are a number of different types of pumping systems that can be used for marine aquaculture systems. Five common types include: (a) pier mounted pumps, (b) package pump stations, (c) submersible pumps, (d) float mounted pumps, and (e) pumps that only operated over part of the tidal cycle. The ability of these systems to successfully operate under tidal conditions at 48 sites along the United States coasts was evaluated as a function of pump elevation, suction side head losses, water temperature, and salinity. This analysis provides insight into the relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach and presents procedures to assist in the engineering analysis for specific applications.
Increased survival after major thermal injury: the effect of growth hormone therapy in adults.

Background : Advances in the management of patients with major thermal injury have resulted in a progressive increase in survival rates. We report preliminary data evaluating the safety and potential efficacy of human growth hormone (HGH) administration in a high-risk population of burned patients. Methods : From 1989 to 1993, 69 patients sustaining major burns (defined as patient age plus percentage of body surface area with deep second- and third-degree burns ≥90) were evaluated. Patients routinely received anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy including antioxidants, an endotoxin binder, and cyclooxygenase blockade. Half of the 54 patients who survived more than 7 days received HGH to enhance wound healing. Injury severity, morbidity, and mortality for patients receiving HGH was compared to the 27 patients not receiving HGH. Results : For the entire population (n = 69), average age was 56 ± 23 years, body surface area burned was 58% ± 24%, and 30% sustained smoke inhalation. Actual mortality was 41%, significantly less than the more than 70% mortality rate predicted from reported outcome data. Patients receiving HGH were well matched with the group not receiving HGH with respect to extent of injury, burn management, pharmacotherapy, and in-hospital morbidity. Mortality of the patients receiving HGH was 11%, significantly less than the 37% mortality rate of the patients without HGH (p = 0.027). Conclusion : Compared to standard predictors of burn mortality our small patient group appears to have an improved survival rate, suggesting that the use of anti-inflammatory agents appears safe and potentially beneficial. Patients receiving HGH exhibited minimal drug-related complications and mortality rates were improved when this population was compared with both predicted mortality rates and a well-matched control population of concurrently treated patients. Prospective blinded trials are now necessary to confirm these findings in a larger patient group.
Statistics of the excitations of the resonating-valence-bond state

By extending recent proposals for choosing the phases in resonating-valence-bond ground states to the case of excited states, we show for these wave functions that the hole excitations are charged, spinless fermions and the spin excitations are neutral, spin-(1/2 bosons. We also show that for a system with periodic boundary conditions, all states are at least fourfold degenerate.
Real-time cardiovascular simulation using two microcomputers☆

Abstract Cardiovascular simulations have been developed for a number of different classes of applications: systems identification, benchmarks, physiologic research and teaching. The model presented in this paper is similar in structure to the PHYSBE benchmark model. Our purpose, however, is to teach medical students about the complex interactions of the cardiovascular system. Commonly, cardiovascular simulations have been implemented on poweful research computers using high-level languages. This paper reports on the use of a microprocessor, programmed in assembler, as the simulation engine. This more limited machine was chosen to minimize the cost of developing multiple student workstations while still providing real physiologic time analog outputs. A number of different models have been developed for teaching cardiovascular physiology using mainframe, mini, micro and analog computers. Of these, only the analog simulations and the present work are capable of real-physiologic time computation and pulsatile display. The digital computer system presented here achieves this result with a more flexible student interface.
A Model for Simulation of Turbulent Flow With High Free Stream Turbulence Implemented in OpenFOAM

A low Reynolds number k-e model for simulation of turbulent flow with high free stream turbulence is developed which can successfully predict turbulent kinetic energy profiles, skin friction coefficient and Stanton number under high free stream turbulence. Modifications incorporating the effects of free stream velocity and length scale are applied. These include an additional term in turbulent kinetic energy transport equation, as well as reformulation of the coefficient in turbulent viscosity equation. The present model is implemented in OpenFOAM CFD code and applied together with other well-known versions of low Reynolds number k-e model in flow and heat transfer calculations in a flat plate turbulent boundary layer. Three different test cases based on the initial values of the free stream turbulence intensity (1%, 6.53% and 25.7%) are considered and models predictions are compared with available experimental data. Results indicate that almost all low Reynolds number k-e models, including the present model, give reasonably good results for low free stream turbulence intensity case (1%). However, deviations between current k-e models predictions and data become larger as turbulence intensity increases. Turbulent kinetic energy levels obtained from these models for very high turbulence intensity (25.7%) show as much as 100% underprediction while skin friction coefficient and Stanton number are overpredicted by more than 70%. Applying the present modifications, predictions of skin friction coefficient and Stanton number improve considerably (only 15% and 8% deviations in average for very high free stream turbulence intensity). Turbulent kinetic energy levels are vastly improved within the boundary layer as well. It seems like the new developed model can capture the physics of the high free stream turbulence effects.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Sensing millimeter-scale dynamics in cortical surface potentials for neural prosthetics

A brain signal sensor consisting of an array of millimeter-spaced platinum microwire electrodes was characterized as a recording medium for a brain-machine interface. The small physical size of the electrodes and tight grid spacing constitute a novel approach for applications which depend on the ability to accurately capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of neural activity. Because their geometry approaches the scale of the underlying structures of cortical information processing, microwire grids offer high signal fidelity for the inherent implantation risks. Characterization of the recording properties of these electrodes and of data recorded from multiple functional areas of human neocortex support the claim that millimeter-scale dynamics are present in cortical surface potentials and may be important to the performance of brain-computer interface applications.
DETERMINATION OF RECENT SEDIMENTATION RATES IN LAKE MICHIGAN USING PB – 210 AND CS – 137

Abstraot-This paper describes the use of zloPb and 13’Cs radioactivity measurements to determine the rates of sedimentation in the Great Lakes. Cores from eight locations in Lake Michigan were chosen for examination to cover as wide as possible a range of sedimentation rates and representative sedimentary environments. The surficial zloPb activity in the sediments varies between 7 and 23 pCi/g dry wt and its profile in each core shows the expected exponential decrease with depth consistent with the assumption of uniform sedimentation rate over the last hundred years and secular equilibrium between supported sl”Pb and za6Ra (O+l*O pCi/g dry wt). Companion measurements of 13’Cs indicate that the coring technique satisfactorily recovered the uppermost levels of the deposit and that the mobility of both radionuclides within the sediment is probably small. Based on the limited number of cores analyzed to date, it appears that modern sedimentation rates are not very different from average rates for the last 7000 yr. The excess 210Pb appears to originate primarily from atmospheric fallout, but a further inventory of the 210Pb distribution over the lake bottom must be made to properly assess the significance of other sources. The spatial distributions of both 1s’Cs and zloPb at certain stations suggest that the mode of transport of these radionuclides are comparable and involve attachment to settling particles. A mathematical model is developed which accounts for the observed limited mobility of both sl”Pb and ra7Cs in several of the cores in terms of post-depositional redistribution by physical or biological mixing processes.