cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracavity pumped optical parametric oscillator bidirectional ring laser as a differential interferometer

We report the operation of a bidirectional short pulse ring optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a periodically poled lithium niobate, pumped intracavity by a linear mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. A beat note on the order of 100 Hz with a bandwidth of less than 10 Hz attests of a very sensitive gyroscopic response of this all solid-state system. This solved the limitation of nanometer pump beam pointing instabilities in externally pumped bidirectional femtosecond pulsed ring OPO, which has a typical beat note bandwidth of several kHz.
Babesia bigemina: quantitation of infection in nymphal and adult Boophilus microplus using a DNA probe.

Abstract Candidates for a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis include surface proteins of infective forms found in the salivary glands of tick vectors. However, low numbers of infective forms are present within ticks and hinder analysis of this stage. To solve this problem, conditions which yield high numbers of infective forms were investigated with the use of a Babesia bigemina-specific DNA probe. DNA from progeny of female Boophilus microplus infected with B. bigemina was hybridized to probe DNA to detect and quantitate infection. There was no difference in the prevalence of infection in progeny of three strains of Bo. microplus. However, within a strain, prevalence could be increased to 30% by combining selection of progeny from heavily (3+) infected female ticks and selection of eggs laid 120 hr postengorgement. Quantitation of infective forms within pooled salivary gland preparations of 10 infected nymphal and adult Bo. microplus demonstrated that Day 9 and 10 nymphal ticks contained the highest numbers of parasites and represented approximately 106 infective forms. This number of infective forms is suitable for isolation and further characterization.
Polydiacetylene Monolayers as Versatile Photoresists for Interfacial Patterning

Well-defined organic interfaces are central to a broad scope of technological advances ranging from sensor design to molecular electronics applications. Fabricating the desired properties within a single molecular layer has proven to be a significant challenge. In this paper, photopolymerization of an ordered array of diacetylenes is shown to be a versatile means for fabricating spatially controlled interfacial properties within a single molecular layer. The application of a single-layer polymer to this process leads to enhanced ruggedness by covalently linking adjacent molecules within the assembly. In addition to direct chemical-etching applications, these monolayer polymers provide a versatile means for two-dimensional patterning of interfacial chemical properties as well as the localized chromatic phase. Moreover, within these patterned arrays, the vertical position of the polymer backbone within the monolayer structure is successfully controlled. Because the resultant backbone is electronically deloc...
Zipf-Halstead's theory of software metrication

A recent study conducted by Prather on Zipf-Halstead's theory of software metrication points out the need for a theory which can (1) provide a unified approach for bridging the theories of Zipf and Halstead; (2) derive the two program length estimates of Zipf and Halstead; and (3) generate the distribution satisfying Prather's inequalities. Based on Herbert Simon's creative process for scientific discovery, we show that the Simon-Yule model of text provides a promising theory.
Detection of electric quadrupole transitions in the oxygen A band at 7600 Å

Abstract Observations of the sun at low altitude have been used to detect the T S (electric quadrupole) branch of the “ A ” band of atmospheric oxygen at 7600 A. Line strengths, line-widths, and wavenumbers are tabulated for the eight observable lines, N ″ = 5 to 19. These quadrupole transitions are found to be weaker than the main magnetic dipole transitions by a factor of 3 × 10 −6 .
Agency in environmental education

Abstract This paper analyzes the expression of agency in pedagogical and student-generated texts from middle school environmental education activities. It demonstrates that texts used to teach about the environment draw on linguistic resources to present environmental problems as abstractions, obscuring responsibility and agency, or as caused by generic and indeterminate agents. The result is that real social actors are not identified. While the abstraction that is achieved through suppression of agency is functional for constructing highly organized scientific and academic texts, it also allows writers to avoid attributing responsibility for environmental problems, and to suggest that solutions depend on the individual actions of students. Students reflect this presentation of agency in the texts they produce, attributing environmental problems to a generic people and suggesting that they are personally responsible for solutions. This study suggests that such representations of agency may be a barrier to achieving environmental educators' goals of moving students toward participation and problem-solving.
Genetic Characterization of Strain Differences in the Ability to Mediate CD40/CD28-Independent Rejection of Skin Allografts

Simultaneous blockade of the CD40 and CD28 T cell costimulatory pathways effectively promotes skin allograft survival in C3H/HeJ mice, extending median survival times (MSTs) beyond 100 days. This strategy is markedly less effective in C57BL/6 mice, with MSTs ranging between 20 and 30 days. In this study, we investigate the underlying genetic causes of these distinct phenotypes. Using H-2 congenic mice, we show that the genetic basis for the varied responses between these two strains is independent of the H-2 locus and T cell precursor frequency. C57BL/6 mice treated with costimulation blockade are able to generate allospecific CTL- and IFN-γ-producing T cells within 3–4 wk posttransplant, whereas mice with a C3H background generate neither CTL- nor IFN-γ-producing cells. Thus, differences appear to be in the generation of the immune response and not T cell homing. Strain differences in costimulation blockade-induced hyporesponsiveness persist in the absence of CD4 + T cells, implying a direct effect on CD8 + T cells. We demonstrate that genetic differences are important in cells of hemopoietic origin and that the costimulation blockade-resistant phenotype is dominant. Analysis of BXH recombinant inbred strains indicates that multiple loci contribute to the phenotype, and that the blockade resistance loci are preliminarily linked to 17 markers on four chromosomes. We conclude that strain variation in allograft MSTs following CD40/CD28 blockade results from the ability of CD8 + T cells in some strains to use alternative modes of costimulation to mount an effective alloresponse.
High-Temperature Thermoelectric Characterization of III-V Semiconductor Thin Films by Oxide Bonding

A device fabrication and measurement method utilizing a SiO2–SiO2 covalent bonding technique is presented for high-temperature thermoelectric characterization of thin-film III–V semiconductor materials that suffer from the sideeffect of substrate conduction at high temperatures. The proposed method includes complete substrate removal, high-temperature surface passivation, and metallization with a Ti-W-N diffusion barrier. A thermoelectric material, thin-film ErAs:InGaAlAs metal/semiconductor nanocomposite grown on a lattice-matched InP substrate by molecular beam epitaxy, was transferred onto a sapphire substrate using the oxide bonding technique at 300C, and its original InP substrate, which is conductive at high temperatures, was removed. Electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients were measured from room temperature to 840 K for this material on both the InP and sapphire substrates, and the measurement results clearly show that the InP substrate effect was eliminated for the sample on the sapphire substrate. A strain experiment has been conducted to investigate the effect of strain on electrical conductivity.
Electrodynamic trap for neutral polar particles

A superposition of inhomogeneous static and rapidly oscillating electric fields is capable of trapping neutral particles with a permanent electric dipole moment. Detailed numerical simulations prove the validity and stability of our trapping scheme. Thin rods of barium titanate (BaTiO${}_{3}$) are presented as an example for trapping on the macroscale. HC${}_{17}$N, a polar molecule of astrophysical significance, is presented as an example for trapping on the microscale. For HC${}_{17}$N and the parameters chosen, the depth of the trap is $40 $mK.
Neuropathologic asymmetries in the brain of a patient with a unilateral status epilepticus.

Abstract Autopsy study of a patient who died after an episode of prolonged unilateral status epilepticus revealed neuronal loss in the hippocampus on the epileptic side, with gliosis confined to the CA1 and CA3 fields. There was loss of the parvalbumin-immunoreactive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons in the hippocampus on that side. There was also loss of the normal laminar pattern of substance P staining with increased substance P immunoreactivity in the supragranular plexus on that side. Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity was also increased in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus on the epileptic side. Mossy fibers on the epileptic side stained more strongly with the Hicks' silver stain and with antibodies against glutamate and taurine, but less intensely with antibodies against calbindin. In the contralateral cerebellum, there was Purkinje cell loss, injury to the remaining Purkinje cells, and increased prominence of the Bergmann glia. Our observations show that prolonged unilateral seizure activity can be associated with specific histochemical changes in the human hippocampus.
Screened-exchange density functionals with broad accuracy for chemistry and solid-state physics.

We present two new exchange–correlation functionals for hybrid Kohn–Sham electronic structure calculations based on the nonseparable functional form introduced recently in the N12 and MN12-L functionals but now with the addition of screened Hartree–Fock exchange. The first functional depends on the density and the density gradient and is called N12-SX; the second functional depends on the density, the density gradient, and the kinetic energy density and is called MN12-SX. Both new functionals include a portion of the Hartree–Fock exchange at short-range, but Hartree–Fock exchange is screened at long range. The accuracies of the two new functionals are compared to those of the recent N12 and MN12-L local functionals to show the effect of adding screened exchange, are compared to the previously best available screened exchange functional, HSE06, and are compared to the best available global-hybrid generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and to a high-performance long-range-corrected meta-GGA.
Vertical nanowire array-based light emitting diodes

Electroluminescence from a nanowire array-based light emitting diode is reported. The junction consists of a p-type GaN thin film grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and a vertical n-type ZnO nanowire array grown epitaxially from the thin film through a simple low temperature solution method. The fabricated devices exhibit diode like current voltage behavior. Electroluminescence is visible to the human eye at a forward bias of 10 V and spectroscopy reveals that emission is dominated by acceptor to band transitions in the p-GaN thin film. It is suggested that the vertical nanowire architecture of the device leads to waveguided emission from the thin film through the nanowire array.
Oligomeric amyloid-β peptide disrupts phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate metabolism

Synaptic dysfunction caused by oligomeric assemblies of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) has been linked to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Here we found that incubation of primary cortical neurons with oligomeric Aβ decreases the level of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), a phospholipid that regulates key aspects of neuronal function. The destabilizing effect of Aβ on PtdIns(4,5)P2 metabolism was Ca2+-dependent and was not observed in neurons that were derived from mice that are haploinsufficient for Synj1. This gene encodes synaptojanin 1, the main PtdIns(4,5)P2 phosphatase in the brain and at the synapses. We also found that the inhibitory effect of Aβ on hippocampal long-term potentiation was strongly suppressed in slices from Synj1+/− mice, suggesting that Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction can be ameliorated by treatments that maintain the normal PtdIns(4,5)P2 balance in the brain.
Design-Coupled Manufacturing

A new approach to semiconductor manufacturing is necessary to decouple end product cost from factory volume. The economy of scale model for manufacturing semiconductor integrated circuits is leading to factories that cost in excess of $1 billion and with costs anticipated to increase nonlinearly. Perhaps of greater concern is that process development and integration costs are of the same magnitude. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) has funded several stand-alone research programs to explore new ways of designing and fabricating leading-edge semiconductors. The next steps are to tightly couple design and manufacturing through powerful new frameworks and embedded intelligence with tools. This new manufacturing capability based on flexible, intelligent equipment coupled to a powerful design framework could lead to a leading-edge manufacturing capability, but at a fraction of the cost of a conventional factory. Furthermore, this manufacturing model supports innovation and could lead to a new generation of ICs and systems. The key elements necessary to enable this new semiconductor fabrication environment is described.
Degradation of Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase: Endoproteolytic Cleavage by an Integral Membrane Protease

Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) is a key regulator of membrane fluidity, turns over rapidly, and represents a prototype for selective degradation of resident proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum. Using detergent-solubilized, desaturase-induced rat liver microsomes we have characterized a protease that degrades SCD. Degradation of SCD in vitro is highly selective, has a half-life of 3-4 h, and generates a 20-kDa C-terminal fragment of SCD. The N terminus of the 20-kDa fragment was identified as Phe177. The cleavage site occurs in a conserved 12-residue hydrophobic segment of SCD flanked by clusters of basic residues. The SCD protease remains associated with microsomal membranes after peripheral and lumenal proteins have been selectively removed. SCD protease is present in normal rat liver microsomes and cleaves purified SCD. We conclude that rapid turnover of SCD involves a constitutive microsomal protease with properties of an integral membrane protein.
XBF-2 is a transcriptional repressor that converts ectoderm into neural tissue

We have identified Xenopus Brain Factor 2 (XBF-2) as a potent neuralizing activity in an expression cloning screen. In ectodermal explants, XBF-2 converts cells from an epidermal to a neural fate. Such explants contain neurons with distinct axonal profiles and express both anterior and posterior central nervous system (CNS) markers. In striking contrast to X-ngnR-1a or X-NeuroD, ectopic expression of XBF-2 in Xenopus embryos results in an expansion of the neural plate to the ventral midline. The enlarged neural plate consists predominantly of undifferentiated neurons. XBF-2 lies downstream of the BMP antagonists noggin, cerberus, and gremlin since ectodermal explants expressing these molecules exhibit strong expression of XBF-2. While XBF-2 does not upregulate the expression of secreted neural inducers, it downregulates the transcription of BMP-4, an epidermal inducer. We show that XBF-2 acts as a transcriptional repressor and that its effects can be phenocopied with either the engrailed or hairy repressor domain fused to the XBF-2 DNA-binding domain. A fusion of the DNA-binding domain to the activator domain of VP16 blocks the effects of XBF-2 and prevents neural plate development in the embryo. This provides evidence that a transcriptional repressor can affect both regional neural development and neurogenesis in vertebrates.
A Comparison of the Effects of Type of Classroom and Service Characteristics on Toddlers with Disabilities.

This article presents a descriptive analysis of 37 toddler-age children in early intervention. The children had disabilities that ranged from moderate to severe, and they attended classroom settings that were either segregated (children with disabilities only) or inclusive (childcare classrooms having no more than two children with disabilities). The two groups of children were comparable on indices of child development and family background, and they were placed in classrooms according to service availability and family preference. A number of service characteristics differentiated the two types of classrooms, including a higher intensity and frequency of related services being delivered to children in segregated classrooms and larger groups of children and slightly longer hours in the childcare classroom. After 1 year of intervention, there was no difference in developmental progress between the two groups of children; that is, inclusive childcare settings were as effective as segregated classrooms for ...
Achieving O(N) in simulating the billiards problem in discrete-event simulation

The paper identifies underlying issues associate with simulating those classes of problems which require both arbitrary spatial and temporal precision and which must deal the with the complexities of a multitude of asynchronous pair-wise interactions occuring among a dynamic non-uniform distribution of numerous spatial components. The principal issue of interest discussed focuses on a proposed simulation modeling methodology which dynamically sectors the trajectory space based on the number of spatial objects occupying a portion of the trajectory space (i.e. object space density). That is, the trajectory space is divided into sectors of various sizes such that each sector contains no more than some specified number of spatial components. The authors demonstrate that with such a dynamic sectoring methodology a theoretical reduction in the total number of pair-wise comparisons required during each time advancement can be achieved. Additionally, the theoretical computational complexity associated with identifying spatial conflicts will be better than O(N/sup 2/) for a non-uniform distribution of N spatial objects.
Tracking with omni-directional vision for outdoor AR systems

Most pose (3D position and 3D orientation) tracking methods using vision require a priori knowledge about the environment and correspondences between 3D environment features and 2D images. This environmental information is difficult to acquire accurately for large working volumes or may not be available at all, especially for outdoor environments. As a result, most pose tracking methods using vision are designed for small indoor working spaces. We track the pose of a moving camera from 2D images of the world. The pose of a camera is tracked through two 5 degree-of-freedom (DOF) motion estimations, which requires only 2D-to-2D correspondences. Therefore, the presented method can be applied to varied working space sizes including outdoor environments.
A composable approach to design of newer techniques for large-scale denial-of-service attack attribution

Since its early days, the Internet has witnessed not only a phenomenal growth, but also a large number of security attacks, and in recent years, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks have emerged as one of the top threats. The stateless and destination-oriented Internet routing combined with the ability to harness a large number of compromised machines and the relative ease and low costs of launching such attacks has made this a hard problem to address. Additionally, the myriad requirements of scalability, incremental deployment, adequate user privacy protections, and appropriate economic incentives has further complicated the design of DDoS defense mechanisms. While the many research proposals to date have focussed differently on prevention, mitigation, or traceback of DDoS attacks, the lack of a comprehensive approach satisfying the different design criteria for successful attack attribution is indeed disturbing. Our first contribution here has been the design of a composable data model that has helped us represent the various dimensions of the attack attribution problem, particularly the performance attributes of accuracy, effectiveness, speed and overhead, as orthogonal and mutually independent design considerations. We have then designed custom optimizations along each of these dimensions, and have further integrated them into a single composite model, to provide strong performance guarantees. Thus, the proposed model has given us a single framework that can not only address the individual shortcomings of the various known attack attribution techniques, but also provide a more wholesome counter-measure against DDoS attacks. Our second contribution here has been a concrete implementation based on the proposed composable data model, having adopted a graph-theoretic approach to identify and subse-
Difference equation solutions for non-steady-state diffusion of charged particles in solids

Abstract The hopping transport of charged particles through a solid is described by means of difference equations based on the concept of classical thermal motion over discrete energy barriers. Homogeneous electric fields and concentration gradients are considered to be the driving forces for transport. Transient and steady-state currents are derived, and the concentration profiles are obtained for the mobile charged defect species. For the case of a slab geometry the discreteness of the potential barriers leads to a nonlinear dependence of current on voltage in the high electric field limit, with a more rapid increase of current with voltage than would be expected from an extrapolation of the low field linear dependence. The field-dependent relaxation of a non-steady-state defect concentration profile to the corresponding steady-state profile can be nearly exponential in the limit of large fields. Tracer distributions for the cases of semi-infinite and unbounded diffusion mediums are likewise affected appreciably in the high field limit. The velocity of the peak is increased over that obtained by linear extrapolation from the low field limit. It is concluded that the combination of high electric fields with the natural microscopic discreteness of a solid-state diffusion medium can result in readily observable nonlinear electric field effects which increase approximately exponentially with the atomic separation distances of the discrete barriers in hopping transport. Some of this nonlinear behavior can be retained in differential equations derived from the difference equations by means of Taylor series expansions of the carrier concentration with respect to position.
Everyday Ethics: Framing youth participation in organizational practice

Much of the literature on ethical issues in child and youth participation has drawn on the episodic experiences of participatory research efforts in which young people’s input has been sought, transcribed and represented. This literature focuses in particular on the power dynamics and ethical dilemmas embedded in time-bound adult/child and outsider/insider relationships. While we agree that these issues are crucial and in need of further examination, it is equally important to examine the ethical issues embedded within the “everyday” practices of the organizations in and through which young people’s participation in community research and development often occurs (e.g., community-based organizations, schools and municipal agencies). Drawing on experience from three summers of work in promoting youth participation in adult-led organizations of varying purpose, scale and structure, a framework is postulated that presents participation as a spatial practice shaped by five overlapping dimensions. The framework is offered as a point of discussion and a potential tool for analysis in examining ethical issues for young people’s participation in relation to organizational practice.
Multilayer and parasitic configurations

Microstrip antennas composed of multiple conducting patches or feed lines electromagnetically coupled to the resonant, radiating patch offer several ad vantages over the traditional single patch connected to a feed line or feed probe. These advantages include increased bandwidth or multiple frequency operation, dual polarisation, and control of input impedance. However, the antennas are often more complicated to fabricate or they may require more surface area, so that the designer may be required to sacrifice one desirable feature in order to obtain another one. Most of the structures in this chapter have been modelled by using either the cavity model or moment methods, and the segmentation method has also been applied to some of the configurations. In general, the analysis techniques provide a good qualitative model for the antennas, thus providing the designer with the insights needed to develop a functional antenna. Many of the existing analyses also have shown good quantitative agreement for the cases appearing in the literature, but the ranges of validity are not generally known, and the computed results may not be sufficiently accurate for many practical values of substrate permittivity and thickness or for variations in patch geometry. Nonetheless, multiple-layer microstrip antennas and antennas utilising parasitic coupling to the feed or to other resonant patches offer distinct advantages for many systems applications, and are likely to be used in antenna systems that require the specialised features available from these antennas.
Osteo-Induction of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells Cultured on Poly (L-Lactic Acid) Scaffolds Prepared by Thermally Induced Phase Separation Method

Bio-degradable Poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds synthesized using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to load cryo-preserved human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs). To make the scaffolds, PLLA-Dioxane solutions were formed by dissolving PLLA in 1,4-Dioxane with three different compositions (wt/vol). These PLLA-Dioxane solutions, frozen in three different cooling rates were lyophilized at 0.037bar and −70°C for 48hrs resulting in porous PLLA scaffolds. Based on the porosity, pore size and compressive strength, a suitable scaffold was chosen to investigate its bio-compatibility and osteo-inductive potential.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Mack virus; serum and gamma globulin neutralization of unidentified agent isolated from suspected nonparalytic poliomyelitis.

Summary1. A virus (Mack) has been isolated in vitro from a patient's feces previously reported as containing poliomyelitis virus of very limited pathogenicity for monkeys. The virus is immunologically distinct from poliomyelitis, and does not produce pathognomonic lesions of poliomyelitis in monkeys. The patient failed to develop a rise of poliomyelitis neutralizing antibodies in convalescence. 2. The virus has been cultivated in monkey and human tissue cultures in which is produced fibroblastic degeneration morphologically indistinguishable from that caused by prototype poliomyelitis viruses. Suckling and adult mice are unaffected as are guinea pigs, rabbits, and hamsters. 3. The donor of the virus was a febrile child with pleocytosis who developed specific neutralizing antibodies in high titer in convalescence. Similar antibodies have been detected in adult sera and in a pool of human gamma globulin.
The Comparative Potency of Concentrated and Unconcentrated Antipneumococcus Serum

Until a method of testing the protective value of antipneumococcus serum and antibody solution is devised which will give more uniform results in the hands of workers in different laboratories, to label such products as containing a definite number of units may prove misleading in determining the dosage. Although the methods of Avery,1 Gay and Chickering,2 Huntoon and Etris,3 and Felton 4 have offered opportunities to secure the active therapeutic substance of antipneumococcus serum for study, unconcentrated antiserum of high potency continues to be distributed by this laboratory for therapeutic use. The records of previous tests of various preparations of refined or concentrated antipneumococcus serum have not demonstrated conclusively the superiority of the concentrated antibody solutions. In 1922, material received from Dr. Huntoon and experimental lots prepared by his method in this laboratory were tested in mice by the standard protection test technic.5 The therapeutic value of one of the experimental lots was also tested in rabbits with the original serum as a control. In the mouse protection tests some of the lots tested approximated in potency the untreated antipneumococcus serum while others were decidedly lower in potency. The results of the tests of the comparative therapeutic value of the antibody extract and its corresponding serum in rabbits did not indicate that the extract possessed any advantage over the untreated serum. Similarly, unsatisfactory results were obtained in tests of the concentrated product prepared by Felton's method when tested against pneumococcus type 1 (strain 5) by our
The Virtues and Vices of Single-Payer Health Care

Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders has made Medicare for All a centerpiece of his platform, reopening an old debate. What are the virtues and vices of single-payer reform? Is it a realistic option for the United States or a political impossibility?
Examining the efficacy of d-cycloserine to augment therapeutic learning in depression

Despite advances in individual and combined treatments for major depression, issues with non-response and partial-response remain relatively common, motivating the search for new treatment strategies. This study aims to develop one such novel treatment. In this proof-of-concept study, we are investigating whether the treatment enhancing effects of d-cycloserine (DCS) administration can be extended outside the extinction-learning paradigms where they have been primarily examined. Using uniform delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) content via computer-administered interventions for depression, we are assessing the value of pre-session administrations of DCS for retention of therapeutic learning. Recall of this information is evaluated in conjunction with performance on standardized tests of memory recall with both emotional and non-emotional stimuli. Specifically, in a randomized, double-blind trial we will compare the benefits of two pre-session administrations of DCS augmentation to those achieved by similar administrations of modafinil or placebo. Because modafinil is associated with a number of discriminable effects in addition to cognitive enhancement (e.g., feelings of vigor, alertness, positive mood); whereas these effects would not be expected with DCS, we will assess drug context effects in relation to memory augmentation effects.
Interaction of clinical suspicion and PET in the diagnosis of suspected thoracic malignancy.

Background This study assesses the accuracy and interaction of clinical suspicion and positron emission tomography (PET) scans in diagnosis of suspected thoracic malignancy. Material/methods 313 patients evaluated in a University Hospital lung cancer evaluation center who underwent PET scanning and subsequently had tissue confirmation or a course of stability by CT scans over a period of two years. At the time of the initial visit, clinical suspicion based on history, physical exam and computerized tomography (CT) characteristics was assigned as low, intermediate or high probability of malignancy. Subsequently PET results were classified as negative, intermediate or positive, based on standardized uptake value [SUV] of 0, between 0 and 2.5, greater than 2.5 respectively. Results ROC analysis showed similar results for clinical suspicion (0.762) and PET (0.779). High clinical suspicion and positive PET had a PPV of 96.6%; low clinical suspicion and negative PET had a NPV of 100%. When PET and clinical suspicion were fully discordant, clinical suspicion was accurate in 80%, PET in 20%. When PET scan or clinical suspicion was intermediate, 35% were malignant. Conclusions Clinical suspicion and PET are both accurate in diagnosing thoracic malignancy. When suspicion and PET are concordant, diagnostic accuracy is very high; when discordant, clinical suspicion was more accurate. When clinical suspicion or PET were intermediate, there is a significant likelihood for cancer.
Calcified fibromyomas: Report of 4 cases

Abstract 1. 1. Four cases of calcified fibromyomas are presented. Two cases (pedunculated subserosal) presented signs and symptoms of an acute surgical abdomen. Two cases (intramural) were found in routine pathologic examination and presented the usual symptomatology of fibromyomas. 2. 2. The calcium deposition centers predominantly in areas where collagen has become partially hyalinized regardless of the condition of the vascular supply.
Congenital Aortic Stenosis: Pregnancy Is Another Dimension.

In this issue of the Journal , Orwat et al. [(1)][1] present data from ROPAC (the Registry on Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease) emphasizing that women with congenital aortic stenosis (AS), including bicuspid aortic valve, who become pregnant add an additional clinical domain that needs recognition and
Architectural History in the Anthropocene

This special issue of The Journal of Architecture is focussed on how methods and narratives of architectural history are being reconsidered in the face of increasing knowledge regarding the entangl...
Feeling: Its Nature and Content

We all agree that feelings and emotions play an important part in human life. What distinctive part(s)? Straightway we become aware of the variety, let alone ambiguities, in our everyday usage of the terms--by no means removed by scholarly analyses of the nature of feeling and emotion and of the difference they make to knowing and behaving. In 1937, William McDougall began his monograph, The Organization of the Affective Life. A Critical Survey, with the words: “The psychology of the affective life is still so backward, so chaotic, there is so much diversity of opinion and of theory, that we have no approach to a generally accepted terminology.”1 In 1965, Edward J. Murray, noting at the beginning of Motivation and Emotion that there was some question as to whether motivation and emotion are different areas, goes on to say that some psychologists “would eliminate motivation and emotion entirely as a topic for general psychology” since “they regard the subject as the last refuge of the humanists, the vitalists, and teleologists.”2 That the situation among other psychologists was still no different in 1970 is clear from the essays in Feelings and Emotions, edited by Magda Arnold.3 They indicate that the terminological uncertainties that prevail are the effect of different conceptions of the task of psychological science, of the ideal of truth, and of other related issues.
A word-space visualization approach to study college of engineering mission statements

Most higher education institutions have a mission statement that is developed strategically by the institutions and often reflect the college's unique mission which sets it apart from peer institutions. Through this study, we describe the use of a Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing based textual data analytics to understand the word choices in the mission statements of U.S. based colleges of engineering. Our purpose is to understand the key similarities and differences between the choice of words used in the mission statements of the two groups: public colleges and private colleges of engineering. We were specifically interested in studying the terms related to diversity and inclusion and see the trends in the use of specific terms relating to diverse communities, intersections, minority populations, and the like. In this research study, we used a Word2Vec approach to visualize the words from mission statements for 59 colleges of engineering in the United States. The contribution of this research is in the form of a visualization mapping the vector space model for word usage and complete vocabulary of pertinent words from the statements analyzed. The preliminary results of this study will help inform current state of vocabulary used in mission statements in the colleges of engineering across the United States. Ultimately, such analyses can help administrators in the development of strategies on the formation of mission and vision statements for universities by allowing insight into vocabulary currently used, to understand what words/terms may not be adequately addressed. Additionally, we are excited to present a contemporary textual data analytical technique of Natural Language Processing using a word vector representation tool such as word2vec for analyzing textual data in the field of engineering education.
Probing Electrophysiological Indices of Perceptual Awareness across Unisensory and Multisensory Modalities.

The neural underpinnings of perceptual awareness have been extensively studied using unisensory (e.g., visual alone) stimuli. However, perception is generally multisensory, and it is unclear whethe...
Geist for Sale: A Neoconsciousness Turn Through Advertising in Contemporary Consumer Culture

L'A. soutient que le fetichisme de la marchandise engendre un positionnement au monde et a la materialite inauthentique et contre-intuitif dans la societe de consommation contemporaine. Il interprete les questions philosophiques de la conscience, de la perception de soi, et de la formation de la realite, comme productions ideologiques, resultant de la publicite et de la communication de masse dans la societe nord-americaine.
Civic Engagement Through an Entrepreneurial- Experiential Learning Model Applied in the Political Science Classroom

Despite clear evidence of continued declining civic engagement, especially among young people, most civic engagement projects focus on public service, advocacy, or work in the not-for-profit sector. This emphasis exists despite the fact that these careers are generally held in low-esteem (e.g., lobbyist) or feature below average wages (e.g. non-profit). We suggest that students may be more engaged by the prospect of a career in business that combines a social or political function. Broadly, this can be called social entrepreneurship. Building on the combined scholarship of political scientists such as Richard L. Fox and David A. Kolb, as well as economics and business education research, we propose an entrepreneurial model of experiential learning for the political science classroom. In business and economics curricula, direct interactions with “real-world” community members and internships are central learning opportunities, but are wholly distinct from the kind of knowledge gained though entrepreneurial experiences. In the latter, students analyze market failures and identify opportunities to exploit the current market environment. Their task then is to design and implement new ventures that better fulfill this unmet market need. Regardless of whether the idea fails or spins-off to become a successful company, tremendous learning is gained from working through the authentic start-up process. By contrast, experiential learning literature in political science has focused on traditional internships, community service activities, or consulting projects. While valuable, such experiences only engage an issue through the actors and institutions already existing to address the issue rather than have students develop innovative paths to solve the underlying problem. Our paper describes a new model of experiential learning based on experience with such an effort at Marquette University. In close collaboration with the national social entrepreneurship movement, as well as regional private and public organizations, the entrepreneurial experiential learning model was piloted in the Department of Political Science at Marquette University. In the Spring of 2011, an undergraduate Environmental Policy course was taught following the entrepreneurial experiential learning model. The class was centered on students having to identify a current environmental problem, study the existing interested actors, then create and implement new ventures that looked beyond established advocacy or legislative paths. The result was an award winning innovative platform for water conservation that students continued to champion beyond the end of the semester. Lessons from the pilot class, including its effects on long-term levels of student civic engagement, as well as suggestions for improvements, further research, and implementation will be discussed.
An Automatic Solution for Laser AGV Modeling

Modeling is the prerequisite for laser AGV guiding. However, currently used modeling system is integrated into the scanner, which makes the scanner expensive and complicated. And the problems found can’t be fixed. This paper aims at separating the modeling system from the scanner by proposing a solution for AGV modeling based on a point sets matching algorithm, automating the modeling process and solving the practical problems existing in current system.
Dimerization of an aptamer generated from Ligand-guided selection (LIGS) yields a high affinity scaffold against B-cells.

Nucleic Acid Aptamers (NAAs) are a class of synthetic DNA or RNA molecules that bind specifically to their target. We recently introduced an aptamer termed R1.2 against membrane Immunoglobulin M (mIgM) expressing B-cell neoplasms using Ligand Guided Selection (LIGS). While LIGS-generated aptamers are highly specific, their lower affinity prevents aptamers from being used for translational applications. Highly specific aptamers with higher affinity can increase targetability, boosting the application of aptamers as diagnostic and therapeutic molecules. Herein, we report that dimerization of R1.2, an aptamer generated from LIGS, leads to high affinity variants without compromising the specificity. Three dimeric aptamer analogues with variable linker lengths were designed to evaluate the effect of linker length in affinity. The optimized dimeric R1.2 against cultured B-cell neoplasms, four donor B-cell samples and mIgM-positive Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) showed specificity. Furthermore, confocal imaging of dimeric aptamer and anti-IgM antibody in purified B-cells suggests co-localization. Binding assays against IgM knockout Burkitt's Lymphoma cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 further validated specificity of dimeric R1.2. Collectively, our findings show that LIGS-generated aptamers can be re-engineered into dimeric aptamers with high specificity and affinity, demonstrating wide-range of applicability of LIGS in developing clinically practical diagnostic and therapeutic aptamers.
Proof Without Words: Sums of Even and Odd Powers

Summary. We generalize two well known visualizations about sums of squares and sums of fourth powers.
Evaporated tellurium thin films for p-type field-effect transistors and circuits

There is an emerging need for semiconductors that can be processed at near ambient temperature with high mobility and device performance. Although multiple n-type options have been identified, the development of their p-type counterparts remains limited. Here, we report the realization of tellurium thin films through thermal evaporation at cryogenic temperatures for fabrication of high-performance wafer-scale p-type field-effect transistors. We achieve an effective hole mobility of ~35 cm2 V-1 s-1, on/off current ratio of ~104 and subthreshold swing of 108 mV dec-1 on an 8-nm-thick film. High-performance tellurium p-type field-effect transistors are fabricated on a wide range of substrates including glass and plastic, further demonstrating the broad applicability of this material. Significantly, three-dimensional circuits are demonstrated by integrating multi-layered transistors on a single chip using sequential lithography, deposition and lift-off processes. Finally, various functional logic gates and circuits are demonstrated.
Abstract WP447: Early Mobilization After 12 Hours Post-Thrombolysis is Safe and Reduces Length of Stay in Minor Stroke Patients

Background: Bed rest of 24 hours post-thrombolysis is recommended for acute ischemic stroke patients. We sought to compare outcomes and in-hospital complications of 12- and 24-hour bed rest protoco...
Abbreviated Protocol Breast MRI

OBJECTIVE. Patients with dense breast tissue are seeking supplemental screening because of the limited sensitivity of mammography. Abbreviated protocol (AP) breast MRI is attractive because it offers a higher cancer detection rate, shorter scan time, and lower cost than full MRI. This article explores the issues of balancing the benefits of AP MRI with safety concerns about gadolinium-based contrast agents, lack of standardization of protocols and field strengths, potential decrease in performance metrics, and potential for overdiagnosis. CONCLUSION. Important questions need to be addressed before AP MRI can be used routinely for breast cancer screening. Evidence is lacking from well-designed prospective trials that can confirm the accuracy and efficacy of AP MRI are comparable with those of other breast imaging modalities. Determining which patients benefit most from AP MRI will help shape future screening guidelines.
Deep learning method for segmentation of rotator cuff muscles on MR images

To develop and validate a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) method capable of (1) selecting a specific shoulder sagittal MR image (Y-view) and (2) automatically segmenting rotator cuff (RC) muscles on a Y-view. We hypothesized a CNN approach can accurately perform both tasks compared with manual reference standards. We created 2 models: model A for Y-view selection and model B for muscle segmentation. For model A, we manually selected shoulder sagittal T1 Y-views from 258 cases as ground truth to train a classification CNN (Keras/Tensorflow, Inception v3, 16 batch, 100 epochs, dropout 0.2, learning rate 0.001, RMSprop). A top-3 success rate evaluated model A on 100 internal and 50 external test cases. For model B, we manually segmented subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus/teres minor on 1048 sagittal T1 Y-views. After histogram equalization and data augmentation, the model was trained from scratch (U-Net, 8 batch, 50 epochs, dropout 0.25, learning rate 0.0001, softmax). Dice (F1) score determined segmentation accuracy on 105 internal and 50 external test images. Model A showed top-3 accuracy > 98% to select an appropriate Y-view. Model B produced accurate RC muscle segmentations with mean Dice scores > 0.93. Individual muscle Dice scores on internal/external datasets were as follows: subscapularis 0.96/0.93, supraspinatus 0.97/0.96, and infraspinatus/teres minor 0.97/0.95. Our results show overall accurate Y-view selection and automated RC muscle segmentation using a combination of deep CNN algorithms.
Clinical and Anatomic Complexity of Patients Undergoing Coronary Intervention With and Without On-Site Surgical Capabilities: Insights From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting and Tracking (CART) Program.

Background: Professional society consensus statements articulate the clinical and anatomic complexity of patients that may undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without on-site cardiotho...
Ice and Supercooled Liquid Water Distributions over the Southern Ocean Based on In-Situ Observations and Three Climate Model Simulations

An evaluation of three climate models is conducted using in situ airborne observations from the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) campaign. The evalu...