cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Complexation Equilibria of meso-Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin with Viologens: Evidence for 1:1 and 1:2 Complexes and Induced Porphyrin Dimerization

UV−vis spectra of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) have been studied in dilute (1.0 μM) aqueous solution at pH 7.0 as a function of added electrolytes, including phosphate buffer, methyl viologen dichloride (MV), and propyl viologen sulfonate (PVS). At concentrations ≤1.0 μM and pH ≥ 7.0, TCPP is considered to be tetraanionic and unaggregated. It shows a strong B (Soret) band at 414.2 nm that can be decomposed into three Gaussians, and follows Beer's law with e = 4.8 × 105 M-1 cm-1 at pH 7.0 in 5.0 mM phosphate buffer. Deviations from Beer's law appear above 2 μM under the above conditions; linear regions for Beer's law plots depend on the pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Even around 1 μM, the Soret absorption strength is a very sensitive function of electrolyte concentration; for example, e = 3.6 × 105 M-1 cm-1 at pH 7.0 in 62 mM phosphate buffer, and e = 5.1 × 105 M-1 cm-1 in aqueous solution of minimal ionic strength (0.1 mM NaOH, pH 10). In the titration of TCPP with MV, two ty...
Power converters and power systems for piezoelectric actuators

The next generation of materials will contain many embedded or attached actuators and/or sensors. They will also contain support electronics including power electronics and a computer processor with a communication network along with the `smarts' to respond to their environment. Current research is also directed toward miniaturization of the components, particularly the sensor and actuators with the idea of incorporating large numbers of actuators and sensors into the material. In keeping with this trend, the electronics should also be miniaturized along with the sensors and actuators. In this paper we discuss miniaturized power converters and power systems with potential applications to materials with miniaturized sensors and actuators.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Context of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Garment Industry: An Institutional Perspective:

This article presents a model of the context of interorganizational collaboration. The model is made up of driving and restraining forces from both the competitive and institutional sectors of the ...
Regional anaesthesia decreases the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight infants undergoing herniorrhaphy.

Background: We were interested to know whether regional anaesthesia allowed improved respiratory function postoperatively in very low birth weight babies. Methods: We performed a retrospective study to examine the association between regional anaesthesia and postoperative ventilation after herniorrhaphy in very low birth weight infants. Thirty-four prematurely born infants underwent herniorrhaphy from 1995 to 1997 at St Louis Children Hospital. Eighteen patients had general anaesthesia, 16 had regional anaesthesia. The mean gestational age was 26 weeks, mean postconceptual age at surgery was 38 weeks, mean birth weight was 860 g. Results: There was significant difference in postoperative ventilation support requirements between the two study groups (7/18 versus 1/16, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Regional anaesthesia decreases the need for postoperative ventilatory support requirements in very low birth weight infants undergoing herniorrhaphy.
Site-Specific Analysis of Dielectric Properties of Finite Systems†

A new scheme for decomposing the total dipole moment and polarizability of a system into site-specific contributions is presented. The scheme is based on partitioning the system volume into cells associated with its atoms or groups of atoms. The site-specific dipole moments and polarizabilities are computed from the charge densities within the individual cells and the responses of these densities to an external electric field. These dipole moments and polarizabilities are further partitioned into local/dipole and charge-transfer components. The utility of the scheme is illustrated through analysis of the structure-/shape- and size-specific aspects of the dipole moments and polarizabilities of silicon clusters. It is shown that the polarizabilities associated with the individual constituent Si atoms vary considerably with the structure/shape of the cluster and the location of the atom or site within a given structure. Surface atoms, and especially those at edges, have larger polarizabilities than interior atoms. The overall contribution of the charge-transfer components to the total cluster polarizability increases with the cluster size. Finally, the anisotropy of the total polarizability correlates with the anisotropy of the cluster shape, and the charge-transfer component is the part dominantly responsible for the polarizability anisotropy.
Increased susceptibility of purinergic receptor-deficient mice to lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Purinergic receptors are expressed throughout the respiratory system in diverse cell types. The efficiency of mucus clearance in the airways, the cascade leading to tissue injury, and inflammation are modulated by autocrine/paracrine release of nucleotides and signaling by purinergic receptors. We assessed the role of purinergic receptors in innate host defense of the lung in vivo by infecting mice deficient in P2Y1, P2Y2, or both receptors with intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After P. aeruginosa challenge, all double knockout (P2Y1/P2Y2-/-) mice succumbed within 30 h of challenge, whereas 85% of the wild-type mice survived. Thirty-three percent of wild-type mice survived beyond 96 h. Single knockout mice, P2Y1-/-, or P2Y2-/-, exhibited intermediate survivals. Twenty-four hours following intratracheal instillation of a sublethal dose of P. aeruginosa, the level of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 1.8-fold higher in double knockout than in wild-type mice (P < 0.04). Total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids at 4 h and levels of IL-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in lung homogenates at 24 h postchallenge were significantly reduced in P2Y1/P2Y2-/- mice relative to wild-type mice. These findings suggest that purinergic receptors exert a protective role against infection of the lungs by P. aeruginosa by decreasing protein leak and enhancing proinflammatory cytokine response.
Information Relevance, Content and Source Credibility in the Revision of Opinions

Abstract In the first of two experiments participants assessed either (1) the probability of success or (2) the acceptability of hypothetical job candidates. These judgments were made on the basis of information about particular traits or abilities possessed by the candidate. The traits themselves varied in relevance to the job and the sources of information differed in credibility. Results showed that use of the information changed in that it had reduced influence (was “discounted”) on the judgment when its relevance decreased and when its sources' credibility decreased. Discounting was a multiplicative rather than a subtractive process and the same process apparently accounted for both the acceptability judgments and the probability assessments, which were very similar. In the second experiment, participants received three pieces of information about the potential negative effects of constructing nuclear power plants on a number of potential sites. For each site, participants revised their judgments about the favorableness of the site after each of the three pieces of negative information. Again, multiplicative discounting was obtained as a function of the credibility of the information sources and a form of “conservatism” was obtained; regardless of the source and the content of the message, the amount of revision decreased from the first to the second to the third revision.
Parent-Child Profile Similarity and Aggression: A Preliminary Study

This investigation was directed toward studying the relationship between parent-child personality similarity and adolescent aggression and to illustrate the utility of a general method of assessing...
Pleistocene stratigraphy of the western equatorial Pacific

Paleomagnetic and C 14 age-supported correlations of fluctuations in the frequency of the Globorotalia cultrata complex and other faunal and lithologic parameters in seven carbonate cores establish a paleoclimatic stratigraphy for the past 700 × 10 3 yr in the western equatorial Pacific. Oscillations in the faunal and lithologic parameters are interpreted as being due primarily to variations in surface-water productivity, which are in turn linked to waxing and waning of equatorial upwelling intensity. Apparent in the western equatorial Pacific stratigraphy are eight to nine upwelling-intensity cycles in the Brunhes normal polarity epoch.
v-Src-mediated phosphorylation of connexin43 on tyrosine disrupts gap junctional communication in mammalian cells

It is not clear how the v-Src oncoprotein disrupts gap junctional communication (GJC) established by connexin43 (Cx43) in mammalian cells. In this study, an experimental system was established to stably express v-Src and wild type (wt) Cx43, or Y247F, Y265F, or Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants in a Cx43 knockout (KO) mouse cell line. When co-expressed with v-Src, the levels of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) from Y247F, Y265F, and Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants were reduced to approximately 57%, 10%, and 2% of the level of pTyr from wt Cx43, indicating that Y247 and Y265 were phosphorylation targets of v-Src in vivo. These data also implied that phosphorylation of Cx43 at Y265 was required for efficient phosphorylation of Cx43 at Y247. Most importantly, our measurements of GJC demonstrated that, in contrast to the wt Cx43 gap junction channels, the Y247F, Y265F, and Y247F/Y265F Cx43 channels were resistant to the disruption by v-Src. In conclusion, our studies support a model for processive phosphorylation of Cx43 on tyrosine, at the Y265 site followed by the Y247 site, in mediating the disruption of GJC induced by v-Src in mammalian cells.
Antecedents of Service Employees' Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Full-Service Restaurants in Korea

In the aggregate, employees' organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) promote organizational performance in many ways and thereby gain significance as market competition gets fierce. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationships affect the service employee's OCBs. Following other research approaches, the structural equation model presented here hypothesizes the mediating roles of two forms of justice between LMX constructs and OCB constructs using the following constructs. The LMX forms are perceived contribution and affect, the justice constructs are interactional justice and distributive justice, and the OCB types are those directed toward supervisors and those directed at the organization. Based on an analysis of 293 responses collected from fifty-four full-service restaurants in a metropolitan city in South Korea, this study concludes that both forms of LMX significantly influence employees' perceptions of justice (that is, both interactional and dis...
Effect of Glyburide on Glycemic Control, Insulin Requirement, and Glucose Metabolism in Insulin-Treated Diabetic Patients

Glycemic control and glucose metabolism were examined in 5 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 8 insulin-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients before and after 2 mo of therapy with glyburide (20 mg/day). Glycemic control was assessed by daily insulin requirement, 24-h plasma glucose profile, glucosuria, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Insulin secretion was evaluated by glucagon stimulation of C-peptide secretion, and insulin sensitivity was determined by a two-step euglycemic insulin clamp (1 and 10 mU ·kg −1 · min −1 ) performed with indirect calorimetry and [3 −3 H]glucose. In the IDDM patients, the addition of glyburide produced no change in daily insulin dose (54 ± 8 vs. 53 ± 7 U/day), mean 24-h glucose level (177 ± 20 vs. 174 ± 29 mg/dl), glucosuria (20 ± 6 vs. 35 ± 12 g/day) or glycosylated hemoglobin (10.1 ± 1.0 vs. 9.5 ± 0.7%). Furthermore, there was no improvement in basal hepatic glucose production (2.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 mg · kg −1 · min −1 ), suppression of hepatic glucose production by low- and high-dose insulin infusion, or in any measure of total, oxidative, or nonoxidative glucose metabolism in the basal state or during insulin infusion. C-peptide levels were undetectable ( In contrast to the IDDM patients, the insulin-treated NIDDM subjects exhibited significant reductions in daily insulin requirement (72 ± 6 vs. 58 ± 9 U/day), mean 24-h plasma glucose concentration (153 ± 10 vs. 131 ± 5 mg/dl), glucosuria (14 ± 5 vs. 4 ± 1 g/day), and glycosylated hemoglobin (10.3 ± 0.7 vs. 8.0 ± 0.4 %) after glyburide treatment (all P ≤ .05). However, there was no change in basal hepatic glucose produc-tion (1.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.1 mg kg −1 min −1 ), suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin, or insulin sensitivity during the two-step insulin-clamp study. Both basal (0.14 ± 0.05 vs. 0.32 ± 0.05 pmol/ ml, P r = .65, P = .08; glucagon stimulated: r = .93, P These data indicate that in IDDM subjects, the addition of glyburide to insulin does not affect insulin requirement, glycemic control, or insulin sensitivity. In contrast, in insulin-treatedNIDDM patients, glyburide produces a modest decrease in insulin dose and improves glycemic control without altering insulin sensitivity. This improvement in glucose metabolism primarily reflectsan increase in endogenous insulin secretion.
Effect of Molten Aluminum on Alumina‐Silica Refractories

All commercial alumina-silica refractories were found to be wetted and subsequently penetrated on exposure to molten aluminum. Penetration and silicon pickup by the aluminum was independent of porosity, grade of refractory, and source of the refractory material. The rate of penetration was governed by the diffusion of aluminum and silicon. The adherence of build-up to alumina-silica refractories is related to the silica content of the refractories.
Expanding the Frontier of Outcomes Measurement for Public Reporting

The decade from 2000 onward was notable for many changes in health care, but among the most significant was the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) effort to develop a large public reporting program. Hospital performance profiling at the national level had not figured prominently since 1986, when the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA, now CMS) publicly reported hospital-specific mortality rates for numerous medical and surgical diagnoses. CMS began its 21st Century efforts by measuring and reporting processes of high-quality care for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia, and general surgery, such as prescription of aspirin at discharge for patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction and timely delivery of antibiotics for patients admitted for pneumonia. Article see p 60 In July 2007, CMS began publicly reporting outcomes for the first time: hospital-specific risk-standardized mortality rates for patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. A year later, risk-standardized mortality rates were reported for patients hospitalized for pneumonia as well. Then, in July 2009, CMS added hospital-specific risk-standardized readmission rates for patients hospitalized for these same three conditions. Since that time, CMS has continued to develop outcome measures for additional conditions, and the recently enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) contains several requirements for CMS to expand outcome measurement and public reporting, including the development of additional measures of hospital quality as well as measures of primary care and preventive care quality. Public reporting is considered one of many critical strategies among efforts to improve health care quality because it leverages 3 key change pathways.1,2 First, public reporting can promote informed choices by patients as well as informed referrals by providers, and hospitals are expected to focus on improving quality to increase hospital market share. Second, public reporting can affect the public image or …
Modeling very large-fire occurrences over the continental United States from weather and climate forcing

Very large-fires (VLFs) have widespread impacts on ecosystems, air quality, fire suppression resources, and in many regions account for a majority of total area burned. Empirical generalized linear models of the largest fires (>5000 ha) across the contiguous United States (US) were developed at ∼60 km spatial and weekly temporal resolutions using solely atmospheric predictors. Climatefire relationships on interannual timescales were evident, with wetter conditions than normal in the previous growing season enhancing VLFs probability in rangeland systems and with concurrent long-term drought enhancing VLFs probability in forested systems. Information at sub-seasonal timescales further refined these relationships, with short-term fire weather being a significant predictor in rangelands and fire danger indices linked to dead fuel moisture being a significant predictor in forested lands. Models demonstrated agreement in capturing the observed spatial and temporal variability including the interannual variability of VLF occurrences within most ecoregions. Furthermore the model captured the observed increase in VLF occurrences across parts of the southwestern and southeastern US from 1984 to 2010 suggesting that, irrespective of changes in fuels and land management, climatic factors have become more favorable for VLF occurrence over the past three decades in some regions. Our modeling framework provides a basis for simulations of future VLF occurrences from climate projections. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/ERL/9/124009/mmedia
The Ideal Socio-Legal Order. Its “Rule of Law” Dimension

. The author aims at defining the borderlines of the concept “rule of law.” This has been often inflated to encompass several dimensions of an ideal legal order. The author on the contrary believes that the “rule of law” ought to be a “thin” ideal. As a matter of fact, when the “rule of law” signifies almost any dimension of an ideal legal order, it comes to stand for nothing essential in particular. Deflation is then advocated for the rehabilitation of the normative content of the “rule of law.” This means that the “rule of law” should be defined as a concept covering only some well delimited dimensions of an ideal legal order.
BRAIN ANGIOTENSIN IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS CHARACTERIZED BY HPLC AND MOLECULAR SIEVING

INTRODUCTION Angiotensin I1 (ANG 11) in the brain has been proposed to play an important role in the elevated blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The blood pressure in these rats can be lowered by the injection of ANG I1 blocking compounds such as saralasin, captopril or enalapril (1 f . These imply that endogenous ANG I1 is either increased or the receptors for it are more sensitive or both. Earlier, we attempted to measure the distribution of ANG I1 in the brain by immunocytochemistry (2). We found that there was a wider distribution of ANG IIlike immunoreactivity in the brains of SHR than in the normotensive WRY rats. Recently, Ganten & &. (3) suggested that brain ANG I1 in SHR SP was more active than in normotensive rats when measured using captopril treatment and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this paper, we have independently measured ANG I1 in regions of rat brains, and in addition, we have further characterized the extract from rat brains by molecular sieving. We find two peaks indicating that ANG I1 in the brain may have two different molecular weights. In the data presented here, the rats were previously nephrectomized and blood levels of ANG I1 were below measurable levels. Results show that three different strains of rats synthesize ANG I1 endogenously in the brain which comigrates on HPLC with authentic ANG 11. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain (SHR), and Wistar Kyoto rats (WRY) (250-35Og) were used. Each rat was housed with ab lib food and water available. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed under chloral hydrate anesthesia. Twenty-four hours later each rat was swiftly decapitated and the brain rapidly dissected. From each brain, the hypothalamus (with parts of the septum, thalamus and midbrain), the pituitary and cortex, was dissected out. The samples were extracted immediately. Brain parts were weighed and put in 8-10 volumes 1 M acetic acid (containing 15 mM EDTA and 1.25 mM orthophenanthrolinef, then boiled for 15 min. to denature proteins and prevent hydrolysis. Hypothalamic blocks weighed an average of 145.7 mg and cortex, 189.5 mg. Two samples ot these tissues were pooled together. Pituitary tissue weighed (10 mg per rat and 20 pituitaries had to be pooled. All samples were homogenized at 4°C and centrifuged. The supernatants were pooled and defatted. The aqueous phase was dried under an airstream on a hot plate (60°C). Chromatography: For preparation of blood samples for radioimmunoassay, SP-Sephadex C-25 was used. Three ml 0.05 M sodium
Moral Orientation of Elderly Persons: considering ethical dilemmas in health care

Knowledge about moral development and elderly persons is very limited. A hermeneutical interpretative study was conducted with healthy elderly persons (n = 20) in order to explore and describe their moral orientation based on the paradigms of justice (Kohlberg) and care (Gilligan). The types of moral reasoning, dominance, alignment and orientation were determined. All but one participant included both types of reasoning when discussing an ethical conflict. None of the men's moral reasoning was dominated by caring, but justice dominated the reasoning of four women. The implications for ethical decision-making and future research are discussed.
A novel class of metal-directed supramolecular DNA-delivery systems

The bis-complexes [Cu(L(dt))(2)](OTf)(2) (1) and [Cu(L(ot))(2)](OTf)(2) (2), where L(dt) = 1-dodecyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, L(ot) = 1-octadecyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane and OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate, formed a novel class of metallo-liposomes in water that transfect pEGFP-N1 plasmids into HEK 293-T cells at 38% and 4% efficiency, respectively.
Constant-Pattern Adsorption Fronts with Mass Transfer Resistances in Both Solid and Fluid Films

The shape and width of constant-pattern adsorption fronts can be predicted by relatively simple graphical/numerical methods analogous to methods used for analyzing concentration profiles in countercurrent extraction or adsorption systems when there is significant mass transfer resistance in both the fluid and solid film. This paper presents an extension of procedures described by the author for predicting constant-pattern fronts with film resistance in only one phase. The procedure is illustrated for systems with Langmuir isotherms, and the results are shown in a series of dimensionless figures that cover a wide range of equilibrium conditions and mass transfer coefficients.
SURFACE HYDROGEN AND FRACTURE STRESS OF 4340 STEEL

This paper summarizes a study examining interrelationships among surface hydrogen, sulfur surface contamination and gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of 4340 steel. Several measurements of the crack growth behavior of high strength steels(1–3) have suggested that crack growth is limited by the adsorption of hydrogen. Relatively little work has been done, however, that directly examines hydrogen adsorption on these materials.
Identification and map position of YAC clones comprising one‐third of the Arabidopsis genome.

Summary YAC clones corresponding to 125 Arabidopsis thaliana RFLP markers have been identified. At least one YAC clone has been isolated for each of the RFLP markers tested. Based on CHEF gel analysis of 196 clones, the mean insert size of the available Arabidopsis YAC libraries is approximately 160 kb. The YACs of known genetic map location encompass about 30% of the Arabidopsis genome. The results presented here represent a first step towards assembly of an overlapping YAC library of the A. thaliana genome.
Hyperdense suprasellar mass: An unusual radiological presentation of intracranial dermoid cyst

We report an exceedingly rare patient with a hyperdense suprasellar dermoid cyst and a pertinent review of the literature. Intracranial dermoid tumors are rare congenital lesions of the brain that account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. Even though they are rare, typical CT scan and MRI features and location allow radiological diagnosis in the majority of patients. Radiologically, dermoid cysts typically present as low density masses on CT scan and are generally hyperintense on T1-weighted MRI sequences with variable signal on T2-weighted sequences. The recognition of atypical features can avoid diagnostic pitfalls and is clinically relevant for overall surgical management.
Survival Following Radiation and Androgen Suppression Therapy for Prostate Cancer in Healthy Older Men: Implications for Screening Recommendations

Purpose The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has recommended against screening men over 75 for prostate cancer. We examined whether older healthy men could benefit from aggressive prostate cancer treatment. Methods and Materials 206 men with intermediate to high risk localized prostate cancer randomized to 70 Gy of radiation (RT) or RT plus 6 months of androgen suppression therapy (RT+AST) constituted the study cohort. Within subgroups stratified by Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 comorbidity score and age, Cox multivariable analysis was used to determine whether treatment with RT+AST as compared with RT was associated with a decreased risk of death. Results Among healthy men (i.e., with mild or no comorbidity), 78 were older than the median age of 72.4 years, and in this subgroup, RT+AST was associated with a significantly lower risk of death on multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio=0.36 (95% CI=0.13-0.98), p = 0.046, with significantly lower 8-year mortality estimates of 16.5% vs. 41.4% ( p = 0.011). Conversely, among men with moderate or severe comorbidity, 24 were older than the median age of 73, and in this subgroup, treatment with RT+AST was associated with a higher risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio=5.2 (1.3-20.2), p = 0.018). Conclusion In older men with mild or no comorbidity, treatment with RT+AST was associated with improved survival compared with treatment with RT alone, suggesting that healthy older men may derive the same benefits from prostate cancer treatment as younger men. We therefore suggest that prostate cancer screening recommendations should not be based on strict age cutoffs alone but should also take into account comorbidity.
Introduction: Multistate Devices and Logic

Chapter 1 discusses the multivalued logic and different negative tunneling devices to implement this multivalued logic. Different problems of different negative-resistance device and possible solution using quantum dot gate FET (QDGFET). There are advantages over the existing conventional devices.
Improved linear-time metric sifting in breadth-first decoding of convolutional codes

We describe a linear-time method for finding the best metrics during breadth-first reduced search decoding of convolutional codes. This method is an improved version of one of the merge sifting methods described by Kot (1993). As an example, in the M-algorithm decoding of rate 1/2 convolutional codes, the present method reduces the number of comparisons used to provide a sorted set of survivor metrics from 3M-1 to 2M+1. This is a significant improvement over comparison-based sorting, which requires O(M log M) comparisons, and offers a similar improvement over well-known comparison-based selection methods.
Characterization of hydrocarbon pollutant burdens in petrochemical and refinery process streams

This paper describes techniques which provide for both qualitative and quantitative identification of major components in a process stream. The techniques and instrumentation have been deliberately chosen so as to be within the technical and financial reach of all but the smallecompany laboratory. The sample preparation steps consist of an initial series of extractions which isolate compounds into organic acid, base, and neutral compounds and a totally water soluble phase. Each fraction is then concentrated and subjected to thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy or ultraviolet spectroscopy as appropriate. Results are given for laboratory samples, one a mixture of aniline, phenol, benzoic acid, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, 1-butanol, 2-hexanone, nonane, and cyclohexane, and the other a mixture of benzene, ethylbenzene, and styrene. Also, a qualitative analysis of a petroleum refinery desalter water is presented.
Five degrees of separation: a human capital model of employment-related decisionmaking in the information technology workforce

Successfully implementing information technology (IT)-enabled strategy rests on the performance of IT professionals. Consequently, developing and retaining "IT human capital" is critical for many organizations. We introduce human capital theory from economics to the information systems (IS) literature for the study of turnover, present a new model of separation, and provide empirical results based on observed separation from a large diversified firm. We derive five categories of explanatory variables from multiple theoretical bases including IS, organizational studies, industrial psychology, and strategic management. Results indicate ways in which IT human capital differs from that in less knowledge-intensive and less dynamic occupations.
(2SR,8aSR)-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-Octahydro-6-oxonaphthalene-2-acetic acid: hydrogen bonding in an unsaturated bicyclic keto acid

The title racemate, C12H16O3, aggregates in the solid state as translational acid-to-ketone hydrogen-bonded catemers. The stereochemistry of the side chain relative to the ring junction arises spontaneously during the synthesis. The four hydrogen-bonding chains passing through the unit cell are of alternating handedness, and are aligned along the [101] direction. Starting at the origin, the order of the directional alignment of these four chains with respect to the a axis is ++−−. One inter­molecular C—H⋯O=C close contact exists to the carboxyl O atom.
Precision printing and optical modeling of ultrathin SWCNT/C60 heterojunction solar cells

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are promising candidates as the active layer in photovoltaics (PV), particularly for niche applications where high infrared absorbance and/or semi-transparent solar cells are desirable. Most current fabrication strategies for SWCNT PV devices suffer from relatively high surface roughness and lack nanometer-scale deposition precision, both of which may hamper the reproducible production of ultrathin devices. Additionally, detailed optical models of SWCNT PV devices are lacking, due in part to a lack of well-defined optical constants for high-purity s-SWCNT thin films. Here, we present an optical model that accurately reconstructs the shape and magnitude of spectrally resolved external quantum efficiencies for ultrathin (7,5) s-SWCNT/C60 solar cells that are deposited by ultrasonic spraying. The ultrasonic spraying technique enables thickness tuning of the s-SWCNT layer with nanometer-scale precision, and consistently produces devices with low s-SWCNT film average surface roughness (Rq of <5 nm). Our optical model, based entirely on measured optical constants of each layer within the device stack, enables quantitative predictions of thickness-dependent relative photocurrent contributions of SWCNTs and C60 and enables estimates of the exciton diffusion lengths within each layer. These results establish routes towards rational performance improvements and scalable fabrication processes for ultra-thin SWCNT-based solar cells.
Dissociation of naloxone-sensitive and naloxone-insensitive effects of U-50,488H

Abstract This study was designed to compare the dose-related effects of U-50,488H on the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavior, following either saline or naloxone pretreatment. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with chronic cortical EEG and temporalis muscle electromyographic (EMG) recording electrodes and with permanent cannulae in the external jugular vein. U-50,488H injection produced initial “psychotomimetic-like” EEG and behavioral effects for about 10–20 min, followed by a predominance of behavioral stupor and associated EEG slow-wave bursts for about 20 min. Naloxone pretreatment completely antagonized the behavioral stupor and associated EEG slow-wave bursts. However, the “psychotomimetic-like” effects were not antagonized by naloxone pretreatment. Thus, dissociation between naloxone-sensitive and naloxone-insensitive effects of U-50,488H was demonstrated.
The impact of betrayal trauma on the tendency to trust.

Early experiences of violation perpetrated by close others, or betrayal traumas, may interfere with developing social capacities, including the ability to make healthy decisions about whom to trust. Betrayal trauma theory posits that survivors of trauma are at increased risk of making inaccurate trust decisions in interpersonal contexts, thus interfering with intimacy and elevating risk for revictimization. The current study examined the impact of betrayal trauma exposure on trust tendencies using both self-report and behavioral measures in a college sample. Self-report measures were used to explore general and relational (partner-specific) trust. The Trust Game, an experimental economics task, was used to investigate differences in trust tendencies between participants with and without histories of high betrayal trauma. As predicted, and in line with previous findings, high betrayal trauma exposure was associated with lower levels of self-reported general and relational trust. Self-reported general trust correlated positively with behavior during the Trust Game. Contrary to our hypothesis, participants with high betrayal trauma histories were not significantly more or less willing to trust during the Trust Game. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.
Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Resistance to Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Maize

Transgenic maize, Zea mays L., expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) CrylAb toxin has been planted to extensive areas across the United States and several other countries, but no resistance has been documented in field populations oflepidopteran target pests. This article describes the first report of resistance alleles to commercially available Cry1Ab Bt maize in a Louisiana population of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Two hundred thirteen two-parent isolines of D. saccharalis were screened for Cry1Ab resistance on Bt maize leaf tissue using an F2 screening technique. Larvae representing three isolines survived >15 d on Bt tissue in the F2 generation. The second generation backcross progeny (B1F2) derived from isoline 52 completed larval development on Bt maize in the greenhouse. Segregation and resistance frequency analysis associated with isoline 52 suggested that Bt resistance is probably determined by a nearly completely recessive allele at a single locus. With this assumption, the estimated resistance allele frequency in this population is 0.0023, within a 95% confidence interval of 0.0003-0.0064.
Performance Invalidity Base Rates Among Healthy Undergraduate Research Participants

Few studies have examined base rates of suboptimal effort among healthy, undergraduate students recruited for neuropsychological research. An and colleagues (2012, Conducting research with non-clinical healthy undergraduates: Does effort play a role in neuropsychological test performance? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 849-857) reported high rates of performance invalidity (30.8%-55.6%), calling into question the validity of findings generated from samples of college students. In contrast, subsequent studies have reported much lower base rates ranging from 2.6% to 12%. The present study replicated and extended previous work by examining the performance of 108 healthy undergraduates on the Dot Counting Test, Victoria Symptom Validity Test, Word Memory Test, and a brief battery of neuropsychological measures. During initial testing, 8.3% of the sample scored below cutoffs on at least one Performance Validity Test, while 3.7% were classified as invalid at Time 2 (M interval = 34.4 days). The present findings add to a growing number of studies that suggest performance invalidity base rates in samples of non-clinical, healthy college students are much lower than An and colleagues initial findings. Although suboptimal effort is much less problematic than suggested by An and colleagues, recent reports as high as 12% indicate including measures of effort may be of value when using college students as participants. Methodological issues and recommendations for future research are presented.
On couplings and excimers: lessons from studies of singlet fission in covalently linked tetracene dimers

Electronic factors controlling singlet fission (SF) rates are investigated in covalently linked dimers of tetracene. Using covalent linkers, relative orientation of the individual chromophores can be controlled, maximizing the rates of SF. Structures with coplanar and staggered arrangements of tetracene moieties are considered. The electronic structure calculations and three-state kinetic model for SF rates provide explanations for experimentally observed low SF yields in coplanar dimers and efficient SF in staggered dimers. The calculations illuminate the role of the excimer formation in SF process. The structural relaxation in the S1 state leads to the increased rate of the multi-exciton (ME) state formation, but impedes the second step, separation of the ME state into independent triplets. The slower second step reduces SF yield by allowing other processes, such as radiationless relaxation, to compete with triplet generation. The calculations of electronic couplings also suggest an increased rate of radiationless relaxation at the excimer geometries. Thus, the excimer serves as a trap of the ME state. The effect of covalent linkers on the electronic factors and SF rates is investigated. In all considered structures, the presence of the linker leads to larger couplings, however, the effect on the overall rate is less straightforward, since the linkers generally result in less favorable energetics. This complex behavior once again illustrates the importance of integrative approaches that evaluate the overall rate, rather than focusing on specific electronic factors such as energies or couplings.
Applying LD Documentation Guidelines at the Postsecondary Level Decision Making With Sparse or Missing Data

A key issue in fostering transition to postsecondary education for students with disabilities is documentation verifying the nature of the disability and supporting the need for services and reasonable accommodations. Documentation guidelines assist postsecondary disability service providers in making decisions about eligibility and reasonable accommodations. However, documentation is often varied in scope, comprehensiveness, and quality, requiring a great deal of professional judgment during the review process. This study examined service provider decision-making when presented with documentation of learning disability with varying levels of information. Results indicated service providers’ value comprehensive Objective Evidence, but importance of the data used in decision-making varied by demographic variables, such as years of experience and type of training in reviewing disability documentation. Implications for practice are addressed.
OFF-PUMP VERSUS ON-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY: AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ON ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND MORTALITY OUTCOMES

The risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) with on-pump and off-pump techniques for ischemic heart disease is controversial. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare these two techniques with respect to causing AKI. Comprehensive
Management of chemical injuries to the upper extremity

SUMMARY Chemical burns are interesting and challenging to treat. When the practitioner is comfortable with the pathophysiology of chemical injury and treatment based on these principles, most patients can be treated effectively with good outcome (Fig. 2). Early treatment with water irrigation, followed by diligent wound care, will allow our patients to benefit to the maximum from our medical skills.
Probation Staff Attitudes Toward Substance Abuse Treatment and Evidence-Based Practices

Given the substantial need for and relatively low access to effective substance use disorder treatment for people on probation, it is critical to understand organizational and staff attitudes that may hinder or facilitate treatment linkage and willingness to adopt evidence-based practices. This study used survey data from a large county probation department to assess staff members' attitudes and perceptions regarding their organization's climate for innovation, role of substance use disorder treatment, support for evidence-based treatment, and organizational barriers to change. Probation staff were open to incorporating treatment into probation supervision, expressed support for rehabilitation models, and agreed that they would adopt innovations if required or they found them to be appealing. However, they expressed some concerns about the level of agency support for innovation and collaboration. Attitudes and perceptions varied by staff characteristics. Implications for expanding organizational change and adoption of evidence-based treatment practices in probation are discussed.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of oxycodone and naltrexone for the treatment of chronic lower back pain

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common and difficult illness to manage. Some individuals with CLBP have pain processing disorders and are also at risk for opioid abuse, misuse; addiction and diversion. Guidelines have been published to guide management; neuromodulation, exercise, mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapies among other non-pharmacological reduce the pain of CLBP with minimal toxicity. Pharmacological management includes acetaminophen, NSAIDs and antidepressants, mainly duloxetine. Abuse-deterrent opioids have been developed which have been shown to reduce pain and opioid abuse risk. ALO-02 is a tamper-resistant sustained release opioid consisting of extended release oxycodone and sequestered naltrexone. Pivotal studies of ALO-02 have centered on patients with CLBP.Areas covered: This manuscript will review CLBP, the pivotal analgesic and clinical abuse potential studies of ALO-02. The opinion will cover whether opioids should be used for CLBP...
Polarimetry in ultrawideband interferometric sensing and imaging

'Ultrawideband (/spl mu/Hz-PHz) interferometric sensing and imaging polarimetry' has become an indispensable tool in wide area environmental surveillance of the terrestrial and planetary covers. It allows dynamic optimal image feature extraction of significant characteristics of desirable target and/or target sections with simultaneous suppression of undesirable background clutter/speckle at hitherto unknown clarity and of never achieved quality. Ultrawideband may be adopted to the detection, recognition, and identification (DRI) of any stationary, moving, or vibrating target versus arbitrary stationary, dynamically changing or moving geophysical environments. A comprehensive overview is presented on how these modern high resolution/precision complete polarimetric coregistered signature sensing and interferometric POL-SAR imaging techniques, complemented by full integration of novel navigational electronic tools, such as DGPS, will advance electromagnetic vector wave sensing and imaging towards limits of physical realizability. Various examples utilizing NASA-JPL/AIR-SAR, NAWC/P3-POL-SAR, DLR-OPH/DO-POL-SAR airborne, ERS-1, JERS-1 satellite and SIR-C/X-SAR shuttle imaging data sets dealing with the recent Mississippi-Missouri/USA 1993 and Werra/FRG floods and various earthquake surface deformation events will be presented for demonstrating the utility of WISIP.
Plateau’s Problem

Plateau’s problem is not a single conjecture or theorem, but rather an abstract framework, encompassing a number of different problems in several related areas of mathematics. In its most general form, Plateau’s problem is to find an element of a given collection \(\mathcal{C}\) of “surfaces” specified by some boundary constraint, which minimizes, or is a critical point of, a given “area” function \(F: \mathcal{C}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\). In addition, one should also show that any such element satisfies some sort of regularity, that it be a sufficiently smooth manifold away from a well-behaved singular set. The choices apparent in making this question precise lead to a great many different versions of the problem. Plateau’s problem has generated a large number of papers, inspired new fields of mathematics, and given rise to techniques which have proved useful in applications further afield. In this review we discuss a few highlights from the past hundred years, with special attention to papers of Federer, Fleming, Reifenberg and Almgren from the 1960s, and works by several groups, including ourselves, who have made significant progress on different aspects of the problem in recent years. A number of open problems are presented.
Thoughts about Dying in America: Enhancing the impact of one’s life journey and legacy by also planning for the end of life

This Perspective offers a summary of the recommendations in the Institute of Medicine report Dying in America. How we die is a deeply personal issue that each of us will face. However, the approach to end-of-life (EOL) care in the United States needs improvement. Too frequently, healthcare delivery is uncoordinated and has many providers who are not adequately prepared to have meaningful conversations about EOL planning. This is amplified by payment systems and policies that create impediments, misunderstanding, and sometimes misinformation. Dying in America made five recommendations to improve quality and honor individual preferences near the EOL beginning with making conversations with providers and families something that occurs during various phases of the life cycle and not just when one is facing serious illness or possible EOL. It was recommended (i) that public and private payers and care delivery organizations cover the provision of comprehensive care that is accessible and available to individuals on a 24/7 schedule; (ii) that professional societies and other entities establish standards for clinician patient communication and advance care planning and that payers and care delivery organizations adopt them; (iii) that educational institutions, credentialing bodies, accrediting boards, state regulatory agencies, and care delivery organizations establish palliative care training, certification, and/or licensure requirements; (iv) that public and private payers and care delivery organizations integrate the financing of health and social services; and (v) that public and private organizations should engage their constituents and provide fact-based information to encourage advance care planning and informed choice.