cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parenting Beliefs and Physical Discipline Practices Among Southeast Asian Immigrants: Parenting in the Context of Cultural Adaptation to the United States

Despite their growing representation in the U.S. population, little is known about parenting among Southeast Asians. This study explores child-rearing beliefs and physical discipline practices of first-generation Vietnamese and Cambodian immigrant or refugee parents in the United States, identifies ethnic group differences, and examines the impact of acculturation on parenting beliefs and the use of physical discipline. Analyses also document the extent of intergenerational transmission of physical discipline among these groups and identify factors that predict “breaking the cycle.” Significant predictors include ethnic group, socioeconomic conditions, and child factors. Greater acculturation to the United States increases the likelihood of breaking the cycle. Results illustrate how discipline practices and parenting beliefs may be shaped in the context of acculturation. This study offers important findings for research and practice with ethnic minority groups.
Automated conversation skills assistant

Conversational skills training are getting popular now a days but often very hard to get due to expense and lack of accessibility. In this paper, we present the idea of an automated conversational skills training assistant, which provides both realtime and post summary feedback while having a conversation with a virtual agent. Our exploratory effort shows the applicability of this system and significant improvement of our participant's conversational skills over a control group. We present our intended goals and the methodologies that we will use on our collected training data in order to automate this system in future.
A Ladder of Competitive Advantage

In this paper we aspire to provide some clarity about the meaning of competitive advantage, value creation and value appropriation, three central concepts in the strategy field. After an extensive ...
Book & Resource Reviews

A review is presented of the book “Facilitating With Ease! Core Skills for Facilitators, Team Leaders and Members, Managers, Consultants, and Trainers” by Ingrid Bens.
Individual and Collective Flourishing in Kant's Philosophy

In ‘Happiness and Human Flourishing’, Thomas E. Hill, Jr, contrasts Kant's notion of happiness with that of human flourishing, explains the role of happiness in Kant's ethics, and suggests some reasons why Kant portrays happiness rather than flourishing as the non-moral good of the individual. While there is much I agree with in Hill's essay, I disagree with Hill on how best to conceive of human flourishing in Kant's philosophy, and on the importance of human flourishing in Kant's ethics. Comparing my views with Hill's is not what chiefly interests me, however. After section 1, I make little explicit reference to ‘Happiness and Human Flourishing’. Instead, I seek to expand the discussion begun there by Hill of ‘how happiness and human flourishing are (or are not) relevant to [Kantian] ethics’ (HHF 164).
The American Businessman at the Turn of the Century 1

The attitudes and preoccupations of businessmen at any given time are deemed important by historians both as clues to and reasons for business action. The year 1900 is a promising one in which to probe those attitudes and preoccupations because at that time a great many important characteristics of the business community were undergoing rapid change. Examination of business literature of the day suggests that the businessman of 1900 was preoccupied with the merger movement and with labor agitation, with shifting distribution patterns, and with trade association activity. His concern with financial techniques and public relations was intense, if erratic, and he was preoccupied with problems of administrative structure. He was, in short, concerned with those developments commonly emphasized by historians, but with so much more besides as to suggest several new research avenues. Surprising results emerge when business attitudes and preoccupations of 1900 are compared with those of 1956 .
High Cigarette and Poly-Tobacco Use Among Workers in a Dusty Industry: New Jersey Quarry Workers.

OBJECTIVE Tobacco use is high among US extraction and construction workers, who can also incur occupational dust exposure. Information on different types of tobacco use among quarry/mine workers is sparse. METHODS During mandated training sessions, New Jersey quarry workers were surveyed about their tobacco use. Prevalence was calculated for single and multiple tobacco use by demographic and workplace characteristics; logistic regression was used to assess associations with smoking. RESULTS Two hundred forty (97.1%) workers completed surveys. Among respondents, 41.7% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 35.4 to 48.3] currently used any tobacco product of whom 28.1% smoked cigarettes. In multivariate analysis, positive associations with smoking included working as a contractor versus mine employee (odds ratio 2.32, 95% CI 1.01 to 5.36) and a usual job title of maintenance (odds ratio 2.02, 95% CI 0.87 to 4.94). CONCLUSION Industry-specific information may be helpful in developing targeted tobacco-cessation programs.
Conservative surgery in solitary and bilateral renal carcinoma: indications and technical considerations.

AbstractSeven patients presented with solitary or bilateral renal carcinoma. All 4 patients treated by partial nephrectomy are well and 3 are free of disease (followup of 24 to 32 months). A survey of similar series reveals a survival of 78 percent in patients with solitary renal tumors undergoing partial nephrectomy (mean followup of 52 months). Since the projected survival in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis for the same interval is only 65 percent partial nephrectomy, when technically feasible, would appear to be the treatment of choice in solitary renal carcinoma. In cases involving bilateral lesions the survival rate after partial nephrectomy seems to be similar to that of cases on hemodialysis.
An Infant with a Prolonged Sympathomimetic Toxidrome after Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate Ingestion

Introduction Stimulant medications are approved to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children over the age of 6 years. Fatal ingestion of stimulants by children has been reported, although most ingestions do not result in severe toxicity. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a once daily long-acting stimulant, is a prodrug requiring conversion to its active form, dextroamphetamine, in the bloodstream. Based on its unique pharmacokinetics, peak levels of d-amphetamine are delayed. We describe a case of accidental ingestion of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in an infant.
Lukashenka’s Personality and Worldview

The available accounts of Lukashenka’s character range between dismissive and stridently negative to approvingly unctuous.1 There are few balanced accounts as opinions of Lukashenka are polarized and seem to shape the perceptions of the man, not the other way around. Still, some authors at least make an attempt to come across as impartial. One professedly impartial account was authored by Ales Antsypenka and Valer Bulgakaw2 and another by Valery Karbalevich.
The Retreat from Ethical Analysis

There are many theoretical ghosts haunting supposedly factual research programs. One of these specters, positivism, was allegedly put to rest some twenty years ago by Hanson, Kuhn, Polanyi, Toulmin, and others.1 It has reappeared recently, in the work of some social scientists, engineers, and lawmakers who do technology assessments, environmental-impact analyses, and studies of science policy. The positivistic doctrine which some of these scholars promote is that technology assessments (TA’s), environmental-impact analyses (EIA’s), and other science-related studies ought to be wholly neutral and objective descriptions of the facts, and ought not to include any normative, evaluative, or theoretical components. As such, this position really comes down to two theses: (1) that wholly neutral and objective technology assessments and environmental-impact analyses are possible, and (2) that they are desirable. This latter thesis is particularly disturbing, since it amounts to proscribing the role of the normative scholar in TA and EIA and to condemning the attempts of applied philosophers to come to grips with some of the issues of ethics and scientific methodology which are at the heart of policy questions.
Concerning Inclusion: Perceptions of Middle School Students, Their Parents, and Teachers:

This ethnographic study addressed the perceptions of rural fifth and sixth grade students with learning disabilities who have participated in an inclusion special education programs at the middle s...
Growth and Longevity of the Red Rock Crab Cancer productus (Randall, 1840)

ABSTRACT Although the native red rock crab Cancer productus is an important component of Pacific northwest nearshore communities and recreational crab fisheries, little is known about its life history. Growth in crustaceans is incremental and age classes overlap, making these investigations difficult. An array of techniques was used to estimate growth and longevity of C. productus in a marine preserve at the University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories. These included size-frequency distribution analysis of young crabs in their nursery habitat, growth inside cages, and mark-recapture studies. The growth rate in C. productus varies greatly, with adult males exhibiting greater molt increments and molt frequencies than females. For crabs less than 80 mm in carapace width, males and females grow at the same rate: attaining 30–65 mm carapace width at age 1, and 60–95 mm at age 2. Maximum carapace widths of males and females were 171 and 150 mm, respectively, and maximum longevity is estimated to be at l...
Abstract P154: Ultrasound Imaging for Serial Measurements of Venous Diameters in Rats

The purpose of our study was to investigate serial ultrasound imaging in rats as a means to quantify the diameters of splanchnic veins in real time and the effect of drugs on venous capacitance. A 21 MHz probe ( Vevo 2100 imaging system,Visual Sonics Inc.) was used to collect images containing the portal vein (PV) and the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained at 37°C. Stable landmarks were established and we were able to repeatedly locate specific cross-sections of PV and SMV. When controlled for respiratory and cardiac cycles during measurements, respective diameters of these vessels remained within 0.75±0.15% and 0.2±0.10% of baseline (PV: 2.02±0.15 mm; SMV: 1.67±0.05 mm) when located and measured every 5 minutes over 45 minutes (n=3 rats). PV and SMV remained within 1.0±0.6% and 0.38±0.9% from baseline, respectively, when measured on separate days over 10 weeks in a preliminary study using 2 rats. The consistency of raw vessel measurements allowed these vessels to serve as their own control during subchronic pharmacologic interventions. In a second study, the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (2 mg/kg, i.v. bolus) was administered to anesthetized rats (n=3) following collection of baseline vessel measurements. PV and SMV diameters increased 37.23±2.4% and 29.77±8.8% from baseline by 30 minutes post drug administration while mean arterial pressure decreased 10.32±1.7 mmHg. Conversely, the administration of the venoconstrictor sarafotoxin (S6C) (5 ng/kg, i.v. bolus) to other anesthetized rats (n=3) decreased PV and SMV diameters 22.10±2.4% and 9.44±1.6% from baseline within 5 minutes, associated with an increase in mean arterial pressure of 12.85±3.2 mmHg. Together these results support serial ultrasound imaging as a reliable technique to accurately measure acute and subchronic changes in the diameter of splanchnic veins concurrent with blood pressure changes in intact rats. The ability to follow rat abdominal vein diameters in real time will assist in determining the role of the venous circulation in blood pressure regulation.
Buprenorphine: Side Effects and Tolerability

Opioid analgesics play an important role in the management of acute and chronic pain. As such, there has been a dramatic increase in opioid prescribing over the past two decades. There are currently many practitioners who have serious concerns with prescribing because of fear of side effects, tolerability, addiction, colleague criticism, and legal sanctions and both the efficacy and safety of the use of opioids for acute and chronic pain have recently been subjected to increasing scrutiny (J Pain Symptom Manage 20(4):293–307, 2000; J Pain Symptom Manage 11(4):203–217, 1996).
Mechanically Strong Graphene/Aramid Nanofiber Composite Electrodes for Structural Energy and Power

Structural energy and power systems offer both mechanical and electrochemical performance in a single multifunctional platform. These are of growing interest because they potentially offer reduction in mass and/or volume for aircraft, satellites, and ground transportation. To this end, flexible graphene-based supercapacitors have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties, yet they suffer from poor strength. This problem may be exacerbated with the inclusion of functional guest materials, often yielding strengths of <15 MPa. Here, we show that graphene paper supercapacitor electrodes containing aramid nanofibers as guest materials exhibit extraordinarily high tensile strength (100.6 MPa) and excellent electrochemical stability. This is achieved by extensive hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions between the graphene sheets and aramid nanofibers. The trade-off between capacitance and mechanical properties is evaluated as a function of aramid nanofiber loading, w...
Provider Experiences with Chronic Care Management (CCM) Services and Fees: A Qualitative Research Study.

Support for ongoing care management and coordination between office visits for patients with multiple chronic conditions has been inadequate. In January 2015, Medicare introduced the Chronic Care Management (CCM) payment policy, which reimburses providers for CCM activities for Medicare beneficiaries occurring outside of office visits. To explore the experiences, facilitators, and challenges of practices providing CCM services, and their implications going forward. Semi-structured telephone interviews from January to April 2016 with 71 respondents. Sixty billing and non-billing providers and practice staff knowledgeable about their practices’ CCM services, and 11 professional society representatives. Practice respondents noted that most patients expressed positive views of CCM services. Practice respondents also perceived several patient benefits, including improved adherence to treatment, access to care team members, satisfaction, care continuity, and care coordination. Facilitators of CCM provision included having an in-practice care manager, patient-centered medical home recognition, experience developing care plans, patient trust in their provider, and supplemental insurance to cover CCM copayments. Most billing practices reported few problems obtaining patients’ consent for CCM, though providers felt that CMS could better facilitate consent by marketing CCM’s goals to beneficiaries. Barriers reported by professional society representatives and by billing and non-billing providers included inadequacy of CCM payments to cover upfront investments for staffing, workflow modification, and time needed to manage complex patients. Other barriers included inadequate infrastructure for health information exchange with other providers and limited electronic health record capabilities for documenting and updating care plans. Practices owned by hospital systems and large medical groups faced greater bureaucracy in implementing CCM than did smaller, independent practices. Improving providers’ experiences with and uptake of CCM will require addressing several challenges, including the upfront investment for CCM set-up and the time required to provide CCM to more complex patients.
Identification of Dual Mechanisms Mediating 5-hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1F Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Our laboratory recently made the novel observation that 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F (5-HT1F) receptor activation induces mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), the production of new, functional mitochondria, in...
The lipase activity of phospholipase D2 is responsible for nigral neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Phospholipase D2 (PLD2), an enzyme involved in vesicle trafficking and membrane signaling, interacts with α-synuclein, a protein known to contribute in the development of Parkinson disease (PD). We previously reported that PLD2 overexpression in rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) causes a rapid neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons, and that α-synuclein suppresses PLD2-induced nigral degeneration (Gorbatyuk et al., 2010). Here, we report that PLD2 toxicity is due to its lipase activity. Overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant (K758R) of PLD2 prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc and does not show signs of toxicity after 10 weeks of overexpression. Further, mutant K758R does not affect dopamine levels in the striatum. In contrast, mutants that prevent PLD2 interaction with dynamin or growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2) but retained lipase activity, continued to show rapid neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that neither the interaction of PLD2 with dynamin, which has a role in vesicle trafficking, nor the PLD2 interaction with Grb2, which has multiple roles in cell cycle control, chemotaxis and activation of tyrosine kinase complexes, are the primary cause of neurodegeneration. Instead, the synthesis of phosphatidic acid (the product of PLD2), which is a second messenger in multiple cellular pathways, appears to be the key to PLD2 induced neurodegeneration. The fact that α-synuclein is a regulator of PLD2 activity suggests that regulation of PLD2 activity could be important in the progression of PD.
From Scanning Brains to Reading Minds: Talking to Engineers about Brain-Computer Interface

We presented software engineers in the San Francisco Bay Area with a working brain-computer interface (BCI) to surface the narratives and anxieties around these devices among technical practitioners. Despite this group's heterogeneous beliefs about the exact nature of the mind, we find a shared belief that the contents of the mind will someday be "read' or "decoded' by machines. Our findings help illuminate BCI's imagined futures among engineers. We highlight opportunities for researchers to involve themselves preemptively in this nascent space of intimate biosensing devices, suggesting our findings' relevance to long-term futures of privacy and cybersecurity.
Eight Years Experience with the Chemotherapy of Choriocarcinoma and Related Trophoblastic Tumors in Women

This report briefly summarizes our experience with the chemotherapy of choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic tumors in women during the eight years since the initial report by Li, Hertz and Spencer (1956). The data to be presented are derived from 116 cases with metastases and 38 cases with disease presumably confined to the uterus.
Burger's equation: Generalizations and solutions

We have seen that there exist generalizations of Burgers' equation which admit closed form solutions. The analog of the terms added to the original Burgers equation is the inclusion of forcing terms in the Navier-Stokes equation.
Expectant and End-of-Life Care in a Combat Zone

A severely wounded soldier arrives by helicopter at your Combat Support Hospital or Forward Surgical Team. Half of his abdominal wall is missing with exposed viscera and active bleeding. He arrests on arrival and you get him back with an emergency department thoracotomy and aortic cross clamp. In the operating room you start on his abdomen while anesthesia continues to resuscitate with blood products. He has so many injuries you don’t know where to begin, but you get to work and are finally gaining ground when the pagers go off again. Seven “urgent surgical” patients are inbound, and your anesthesiologist tells you he just hung the tenth unit of blood, which is half of your total blood supply. All eyes are on you – what are you going to do? Do you continue and exhaust your unit’s blood supply on this patient with a low probability of survival? Do you stop and make this patient “expectant,” allowing him to die so that you can tend to the other injured patients?
Drug Use History, Drug Test Consequences, and the Perceived Fairness of Organizational Drug Testing Programs

We explored the effects of drug use history (current/recent user of drugs, used/tried drugs, never tried drugs) and a measure of drug test consequences (termination versus rehabilitation) on the perceived fairness of organizational drug testing (DT). Data were collected as part of a statewide telephone survey of the general adult population. Personal drug use history and DT consequences interacted such that DT consequences were related to DT fairness only for nonusers who had past drug use experience. The importance of past drug use in understanding reactions to DT are discussed.
Microrheological characterization of covalent adaptable hydrogels for applications in oral delivery.

The feasibility of a covalent adaptable hydrogel (CAH) as an oral delivery platform is explored using μ2rheology, microrheology in a microfluidic device. CAH degradation is initiated by physiologically relevant pHs, including incubation at a single pH and consecutively at different pHs. At a single pH, we determine CAH degradation can be tuned by changing the pH, which can be exploited for controlled release. We calculate the critical relaxation exponent, which defines the gel–sol transition and is independent of the degradation pH. We mimic the changing pH environment through part of the gastrointestinal tract (pH 4.3 to 7.4 or pH 7.4 to 4.3) in our microfluidic device. We determine that dynamic material property evolution is consistent with degradation at a single pH. However, the time scale of degradation is reduced by the history of degradation. These investigations inform the design of this material as a new vehicle for targeted delivery.
Energy Efficient Nanoelectronics

Unique nanoscale material and device properties provide opportunities to achieve improved performance and efficiency, and to enable new functionalities. The focus of nanoelectronics research has shifted from low-power switches for Boolean logic to emerging materials and devices for novel computing paradigms. This paper will discuss new directions of energy-efficient nanoelectronics based on a brief review of the new research funded by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC).
Utilization of Public Health Service Increased Risk Donors in Heart Transplantation and Outcomes: UNOS Registry Review

Purpose We aim to evaluate the utilization of Public Health Service (PHS) increased risk donor utilization in heart transplantation (HT) and evaluate outcomes of these patients compared to non-PHS increased risk donors Methods Patients receiving HT from either non PHS increased risk donor or PHS increased risk donor were identified from UNOS registry between years 2005-2019. Exclusion included age Results Only 20% of HT recipients received PHS increased risk donor during the study period. These recipients were older, more likely on life support including LVAD, ventilator, had longer wait times prior to transplantation and more likely to be listed Status 1. Despite of these factors, there is no significant difference in long term survival between the two groups was. It was also notable that in last four years there is consistent increase in utilization of PHS increased risk donors, and these donors accounted for approximately 30% of HT performed in US in year 2018. Conclusion In recent years, there has been increased utilization of PHS increased risk donors without any significant change in outcomes with HT. Further study is warranted to examine whether this categorization is still warranted.
Elementary Science Teachers’ Sense-Making with Learning to Implement Engineering Design and Its Impact on Students’ Science Achievement

As elementary schools across the U.S. continue to adopt new science education reform, attention is needed to understand how teachers make sense of using engineering design to teach science in their...
Equipment entrapment during redo‐TAVR with successful BASILICA procedure

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for transcatheter heart valve failure has been suggested for high-risk patients. TAVR-in-TAVR, however, may lead to complex leaflet interactions causing coronary ostial obstruction, which is a devastating complication. Coronary protection with provisional stent placement may be challenging. We describe the first percutaneous transaxillary case of TAVR-in-TAVR with Bioprosthetic Aortic Scallop Intentional Laceration to prevent Iatrogenic Coronary Artery obstruction (BASILICA) where guide catheters used for coronary protection were entrapped between the valve frames. We describe anatomical predictors and management considerations. Operators should be aware of this important complication during TAVR-in-TAVR valve placement.
Comment on Liu et al. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults With Low-Titer GAD Antibodies: Similar Disease Progression With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide, Multicenter Prospective Study (LADA China Study 3). Diabetes Care 2015;38:16–21

We read with great interest the article by Liu et al. (1) demonstrating that progression of diabetes among subjects with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) having low titer of GAD antibody (GADA) is similar to that in subjects with type 2 diabetes over the period of 3 years. This is a large population-based, prospective, well-controlled study with well-characterized subjects. Major epidemiologic studies such as Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study, and The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes …
Dynamic interaction between cerebrospinal fluid and sinovenous pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a case report.

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a common neurosurgical condition, and the exact pathophysiology remains elusive. Cerebral sinovenous stenosis (CSS) and the resultant decreased venous outflow have been labelled as a potential contributors to the pathophysiology of IIH. We describe the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage on sinovenous pressure in a patient with IIH and a radiographic evidence of CSS. Case description A patient in their 40s with a diagnoses of IIH and imaging finding of focal stenosis of the distal left transverse sinus. To assess the nature of the stenosis, we performed venous sinus pressure monitoring with concurrent CSF drainage (5 ml at one minute intervals) through a lumbar drain with continuous mean sinovenous pressures recording. We observed a progressive decline in the pressure recording while draining CSF, after draining 40 ml of CSF, the final pressure gradient recording of the TS-SS trans-stenotic was (7 mm Hg from 27 mm Hg), mean SSS pressure (37 mm Hg from 60 mm Hg), and mean TS pressure (35 mm Hg from 56 mm Hg). The mean SS pressure remained relatively unperturbed. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the cerebral sinovenous pressure response to CSF removal generally conforms to a monophasic exponential decay model.
International Humanistic Challenges to Educational Leadership in Prose and Poetry

This chapter questions the directions taken by the field of educational leadership when delimited to (1) highly prescriptive managerial practices inside institutionalized schooling, coupled with (2) the positivistic educational research designs that substitute a narrow range of highly correlated variables of interest defined as school improvement/school leadership. These structural and epistemological perspectives are neither educational nor in the broad sense leaderly. Our field combines idealistic hopes for humanity, often focused on the next generation, with a realistic re-envisioning of education as continuous learning with open-ended possibilities. Educational practices are themselves contextual, and developmental, encompassing life-long learning experiences both inside and out of schools. The chapter offers examples of aesthetic and moral education from prose and poetry which bring freedom, joy, and intellectual insights to our school leaders, internationally and without borders.
N-Aryl benzenesulfonamide inhibitors of [3H]-thymidine incorporation and β-catenin signaling in human hepatocyte-derived Huh-7 carcinoma cells

Structure-activity relationships (SAR) in 2,5-dichloro-N-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)benzenesulfonamide (FH535) were examined as part of a program to identify agents that inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that is frequently upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). FH535 was reported as an inhibitor of both β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). A β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)/Lymphoid-enhancer factor (LEF)-dependent assay (i.e., luciferase-based TOPFlash assay) as well as a [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay were used to explore SAR modifications of FH535. Although replacing the 2,5-dichlorophenylsulfonyl substituent in FH535 with a 2,6-dihalogenation pattern generally produced more biologically active analogs than FH535, other SAR modifications led only to FH535 analogs with comparable or slightly improved activity in these two assays. The absence of a clear SAR pattern in activity suggested a multiplicity of target effectors for N-aryl benzenesulfonamides.
Mining maximal co-located event sets

A spatial co-location is a set of spatial events being frequently observed together in nearby geographic space. A common framework for mining spatial association patterns employs a level-wised search method (like Apriori). However, the Apriori-based algorithms do not scale well for discovering long co-location patterns in large or dense spatial neighborhoods and can be restricted for only short pattern discovery. To address this problem, we propose an algorithm for finding maximal co-located event sets which concisely represent all co-location patterns. The proposed algorithm generates only most promising candidates, traverses the pattern search space in depth-first manner with an effective pruning scheme, and reduces expensive co-location instance search operations. Our experiment result shows that the proposed algorithm is computationally effective when mining maximal co-locations
Tomographic Reconstruction for Truncated Cone Beam Data Using Prior CT Information

C-arms can be used in surgery to acquire rotational cone-beam data, which can be used to obtain three-dimensional reconstructions of anatomy. In many scenarios, there is insufficient space or capability to obtain the large angular rotations required to reconstruct artifact-free anatomy. Projection data can also suffer from truncation, which causes additional artifacts in three-dimensional reconstruction. In this paper we present a method that compensates for truncation using prior information from computed tomography and provides accurate reconstruction in the mid-plane under certain conditions.
To Err is Human, to Moo Bovine: The Rose of Aberlone Story

In 1887 the Michigan Supreme Court decided the case of Sherwood v. Walker, involving a contract for a cow. It is still studied by law students today as the seminal case on the law of mutual mistake. But some popular beliefs about the case turn out themselves to be mistaken. This law review commentary explores the classic "case of the barren cow," including the parties to the lawsuit, its surprising aftermath, and its continuing importance in the law of contracts. The article was selected for reprinting in the 2009 Green Bag Almanac & Reader of Exemplary Legal Writing.
Stress Relaxation of Silicon Nitride at Elevated Temperatures

The stress relaxation behavior of SN88, SN253, and NCX-5102 silicon nitride materials were experimentally determined in tension at 1300{degrees}C using buttonhead specimens. Specimens were held at constant strain after being loaded at 10 MPa/s to an initial stress of 276 MPa (40 ksi) or 414 MPa (60 ksi). The subsequent decay in tensile stress was measured as a function of time. A non-negative least squares algorithm used in conjunction with a generalized Maxwell model proved to be an efficient means to define characteristic relaxation modulus spectra and stress relaxation behavior. In the last part of this study, the utility of using short-term stress relaxation testing to predict long-term creep performance was examined.
Time-frequency and time-scale canonical representations of doubly spread channels

A general technique for the generation of canonical channel models and demonstrate the application of the technique to time-frequency and time-scale integral kernel operators is developed. As an example, the derivation of Sayeed/Aazhang's time-frequency canonical channel characterization that forms the basis for the time-frequency RAKE receiver is shown. Then, a canonical time-scale channel model for wideband communication is developed.
Preventive self-healing shipboard power distribution systems

Providing continuous mobility, power, and thermal management for shipboard combat systems in the presence of major interruptions involving cascading failures is a critical mission within the U.S. defense infrastructure. The typical AC radial shipboard electric power system (SPS) found on surface combatant ships consists of AC generators linked to ring-connected switchboards with radial distribution to loads below the generator switchboards. SPS supply power to the sophisticated systems for weapons, communication, navigation and operations of warships. This presentation discuss options for determining contingencies in the context of self-healing of SPS for material casualties or battle-induced failures. Also it presented the ranking methodology and approach used for determining critical contingencies and reconfiguration strategies. Lastly the method was using data generated by a computer simulated model of a typical shipboard power system.
Substrate regulation of soil respiration in a tallgrass prairie: Results of a clipping and shading experiment

[1] Changes in soil respiration, one of the major fluxes of global carbon cycling, could significantly slow down or accelerate the increase in atmospheric CO2, with consequent feedbacks to climate change. It is critical to understand how substrate availability regulates soil respiration in projecting the response of carbon cycling to changed climate. We conducted a clipping and shading experiment for 1 year in a tallgrass prairie of the Great Plains, United States, to manipulate substrate supply to soil respiration. Our results showed that reduced substrate supply under clipping and/or shading significantly decreased soil respiration at all the timescales (diurnal, transient, and annual) irrespective of the minor concurrent changes in soil temperature and moisture. Annual mean soil respiration decreased significantly by 33, 23, and 43% for the clipping, shading, and clipping plus shading treatments, respectively. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration decreased from 1.93 in the control plots to 1.88, 1.75, and 1.83 in the clipped, shaded, and clipped plus shaded plots, respectively. Rhizosphere respiration, respiration from decomposition of aboveground litter, and respiration from oxidation of soil organic matter and dead roots accounted for 30, 14, and 56% of annual mean soil respiration, respectively. Rhizosphere respiration was more sensitive to temperature than the other two components. Our results suggest a critical role of substrate supply in regulating soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity.
Experiments in the hydrodynamic modeling of an underwater manipulator

In this paper, the hydrodynamic modeling of a cylindrical single-link manipulator undergoing typical robotic slews is investigated. The basis of the model presented here is a 2D potential-flow theory analysis of a cylinder undergoing unsteady motions. This analysis was extended semi-empirically to three dimensions using strip theory. The analysis demonstrated that drag and added-mass coefficients for a single-link arm swinging from one position to another are not constant, but are dependent on how far the cylinder has rotated. Experiments were conducted both to characterize the state-dependent behavior of the hydrodynamic coefficients and to validate the hydrodynamic model for a variety of motions. For these experiments, a circular cylinder (length/diameter = 9.1) was swung about its end through moderate angles (<120 degrees) in a start-stop fashion common to manipulation tasks. By using coefficients identified under the assumption of state-dependent behavior in the single-link arm model, a significant improvement in modeling accuracy over results from standard constant-coefficient models was achieved.
Chemotaxonomic Relationships Among the Basidiomycetes

Publisher Summary The chapter describes the chemotaxonomic relationships among basidiomycetes. In this respect, it has been observed that basidiomycetes collected at random (in season) and broken apart will sometimes reveal the presence of some leuco chemical that changes color upon oxidation by air. A simple example is that of some types of white latex in the genus lactarius (lacking in older and dry specimens). The chapter also discusses the importance of other chemotaxonomic aids in fleshy fungi, such as indolyl derivatives, urea, tetronic acids, terphenylquinones, styrylpyrones in gymnopilus and polyporus, and polyacetylenic compounds. Analyses of the more stable molecules revealed both allenic and acetylenic groups, ranging in length from eight to 10 carbons. So far, about 50 compounds have been characterized from species within 14 genera of basidiomycetes scattered among several different families. It is observed that none of these compounds has yet been isolated directly from the original carpophores from which the subcultures were obtained.
Coherent backscattering of light from biological tissues.

The angular and temporal distributions of light scattered around the backward direction from biological tissues are measured. An enhancement of scattered light intensity around the backward direction, which is associated with the weak photon localization, is observed. The transport mean free path lt and the absorption length la of the light in biological tissue can be obtained from the angular line shape of the coherent peak. The values lt and la can also be obtained from the temporal profile of the scattered pulse.
Effect of the High-Affinity Estrogen Receptor Ligand ICI 182,780 on the Rat Tibia

We examined the specificity of the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) on bone and reproductive tissues in adult and growing female rats. Using a 1.5-mg/kg dose (sc), we evaluated the effects of ICI on the bone, body weight, uterine weight, serum cholesterol, and serum estradiol in either adult and/or growing rats. ICI increased serum estradiol cholesterol in ovary-intact rats, had no effect on uterine weight in ovariectomized rats, and resulted in uterine atrophy in ovary-intact animals comparable with ovariectomy. In contrast, ICI had no effect on body weight. In bone, ICI significantly increased the rate of periosteal bone formation in long bones of growing and mature female rats. In contrast, ICI had no effect on longitudinal bone growth in rapidly growing rats. When ICI was administered to mature rats with or without ovaries, two-factor ANOVA revealed significant interaction (P ≤ 0.05) between ovariectomy and ICI treatment for cancellous bone area and labeled bone perimeter. ICI increased skelet...
High latitude convection based on long-term incoherent scatter radar observations in North America

Abstract High latitude ionospheric convection patterns and models are obtained based on a composite analysis of incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observations in the North America sector at Millstone Hill and Sondrestrom (MHS). These observations span a combined latitude range of 55 ∘ ⩽ Λ ⩽ 82 ∘ over time periods starting from 1978 for Millstone Hill and from 1995 for Sondrestrom. These models, regional to the America sector, represent average and steady patterns of the convection as driven by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By and Bz or by Kp and the By direction, and update the existing MHS models. This paper describes the ISR and IMF data processing and modeling technique and discusses convection changes under a variety of conditions. In particular, we have examined By and Bz effects on the electrostatic potential at dawn and dusk, the location of the cells, and the shape of the cells; we also present the convection change in response to magnetic activity. This long-term data set has enabled us to study seasonal variations of the convection. The cross polar cap potential is on average higher in equinox than in solstice. With the advance of season from winter to summer, the convection cells appear to move antisunward, and the axis across the two cells rotates toward earlier local times; meanwhile, for By negative, the crescent-shaped dawn cell and circular dusk cell become well defined with a reduced cross polar cap potential, while for By positive, the cross polar cap potential tends to be higher. The dusk–dawn cell similarity in summer is found to be high for By negative and low for By positive, supportive of the theory of lobe cell generation in summer. Because of the asymmetry of the convection response to By negative and positive, and of seasonal differences in the convection, it is speculated that there exist perceptible hemispheric differences in the cross polar cap potential drop.
Serum lidocaine levels and cutaneous side effects after application of 23% lidocaine 7% tetracaine ointment to the face.

BACKGROUNDFew published studies have analyzed serum lidocaine levels and individual patient characteristics affecting metabolism after application of compounded topical anesthetics.OBJECTIVETo measure serum lidocaine levels during and cutaneous side effects after standardized application of 23% lido
Cancer Risk of Low-Level Exposure

In his Perspective, Goldman argues that new scientific data on the carcinogenic effects of low-level exposure to radiation indicate that our national policies on allowable limits need to be revised.
RF-related impairments for microwave digital radios

A single low-cost universal SDH/PDH common radio platform is developed to cover the frequency range from 6GHz up to 40GHz. The radio is designed for independent of modulation, capacity and bandwidth. The single radio platform supports modulation from QPSK up to 256QAM, capacity from 2E1/T1 up to OC3/STM1, and bandwidth from 1.75MHz up to 56MHz. This paper concentrates on design consideration for general RF related impairments versus various QAM modulations, including co-channel interference degradation, non-linearity degradation, transmitter noise leakage degradation, RF return loss degradation and overall phase noise degradation, etc.
Effect of Pregnancy on the Growth of Rat Sarcoma.

Conclusions1. In the 3 types of sarcomas, E, E-2, and E-5, studied here, no significant difference was observed between the growth rate of the original implant and the recurrent tumor. This applies to controls as well as to pregnant animals. 2. The slight correlation existing between the growth rate of sarcoma E and the percentage of time the tumor was acted upon by pregnancy is not significant. 3. The original implants of sarcomas E-2 and E-5, when implanted into pregnant animals, showed a significantly lower growth rate than those implanted into controls. No signifiant differences were observed, however, in the recurrent tumors.
Intracavity Frequency Doubling of a Diode-Pumped, External Cavity, Surface Emitting Semiconductor Laser

The authors present a compact, robust, solid-state blue light (490 nm) source capable of greater than 5 mW of output in a TEM{sub 00} mode. This device is an optically pumped, vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) with an intracavity frequency doubling crystal.
Gene therapy strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy utilizing recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors

Gene transfer vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) are now widely used in the field of gene therapy. These vectors have been studied for their potential use in treating many diseases, among them the muscular dystrophies, the most common of which is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Several recent advances in the areas of AAV serotype analysis, transgene engineering, and vector delivery to muscle, together with novel means of rescuing mutant mRNA transcripts, have yielded impressive results in animal models of DMD. This minireview focuses on these recent advances and their implications for potential treatments for DMD and other neuromuscular disorders.
Flow Cytometric Quantitation of Natural Killer Cells and T Lymphocytes Expressing T-Cell Receptors Alpha/Beta and Gamma/Delta is Not Helpful in Distinguishing Benign From Malignant Body Cavity Effusions.

Background Quantitation of natural killer (NK) cells in benign and malignant effusions has yielded conflicting results in the past. Studies have claimed higher, lower, and essentially equal percentages of NK cells for benign and malignant effusions. In addition, virtually no literature exists on the numbers and distribution of T lymphocytes expressing T-cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR α/β) and T-cell receptor gamma/delta (TCR γ/δ) in body effusions. Methods Using multicolor flow cytometry and sequential gating techniques, NK cells and T lymphocytes expressing TCR α/β and TCR γ/δ were identified and quantitated in 30 benign and 30 malignant effusions. Results No significant difference in percentage of NK cells was found between benign and malignant effusions. The absolute number per miroliter of CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cells was higher in malignant than in benign effusions, but only at a borderline level of statistical significance. T cells expressing TCR α/β far outnumbered those expressing TCR γ/δ in all effusions, a distribution similar to that in normal adult peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue. The percentages and absolute numbers of these T-cell subsets were the same in benign and malignant effusions. Conclusions Enumeration of NK cells and of T lymphocytes expressing TCR α/β or TCR γ/δ in human body effusions is not helpful in attempting to distinguish between benign and malignant effusions. Values for the two T-lymphocyte subsets in human effusions are, to our knowledge, established for the first time by flow cytometric determination. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
Temperature and Egg Production By the Sand Crab, Emerita Analoga (Stimpson) (Decapoda, Hippidae)

When male sand crabs (Emerita analoga) were introduced to groups of non-ovigerous female sand crabs held at three different temperatures in the laboratory, egg production by the females was seen to be a function of temperature in several respects. A much larger proportion of females produced eggs in warmer water than in cold, and eggs were produced more rapidly in warm water than in cold. Egg development time was considerably shortened by warm water. These differences in egg production may affect relative zoeal output in the extremes of the range of E. analoga, which in turn may affect patterns of recruitment and therefore population structure for the crabs.
Catalytic recombination of dissociation products with Pt/SnO2 for rare and common isotope long-life, closed-cycle CO2 lasers

This paper reports results on recombination of pulsed CO2 laser dissociation products with Pt/SnO2 catalysts, and supporting studies in a surrogate laboratory catalyst reactor. The closed-cycle, pulsed CO2 laser has been continuously operated for one million pulses with an overall power degradation of less than 5 percent by flowing the laser gas mixture through a 2-percent Pt/SnO2 catalyst bed. In the surrogate laboratory reactor, experiments have been conducted to determine isotopic exchange with the catalyst when using rare-isotope gases. The effects of catalyst pretreatment, sample weight, composition, and temperature on catalyst efficiency have also been determined.