cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Basis for the Retroreduction of Inactivated Peroxiredoxins by Human Sulfiredoxin

Sufiredoxins (Srx) repair the inactivated forms of typical two-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx) implicated in hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell signaling. The reduction of the cysteine sulfinic acid moiety within the active site of the Prx by Srx involves novel sulfur chemistry and the use of ATP and Mg2+. The 1.65 A crystal structure of human Srx (hSrx) exhibits a new protein fold and a unique nucleotide binding motif containing the Gly98-Cys99-His100-Arg101 sequence at the N-terminus of an α-helix. HPLC analysis of the reaction products has confirmed that the site of ATP cleavage is between the β- and γ-phosphate groups. Cys99 and the γ-phosphate of ATP, modeled within the active site of the 2.0 A ADP product complex structure, are adjacent to large surface depressions containing additional conserved residues. These features and the necessity for significant remodeling of the Prx structure suggest that the interactions between hSrx and typical two-Cys Prxs are specific. Moreover, the concave shape of the hSrx act...
Vaccines for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: the Future Is Now

Infections due to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae result in enormous global morbidity in two clinical settings: otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recurrent otitis media affects up to 20% of children and results in hearing loss, delays in speech and language development and, in developing countries, chronic suppurative otitis media. Infections in people with COPD result in clinic and emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and respiratory failure. An effective vaccine would prevent morbidity, help control health care costs, and reduce antibiotic use, a major contributor to the global crisis in bacterial antibiotic resistance. The widespread use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is causing a relative increase in H. influenzae otitis media. The partial protection against H. influenzae otitis media induced by the pneumococcal H. influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine represents a proof of principle of the feasibility of a vaccine for nontypeable H. influenzae. An ideal vaccine antigen should be conserved among strains, have abundant epitopes on the bacterial surface, be immunogenic, and induce protective immune responses. Several surface proteins of H. influenzae have been identified as potential vaccine candidates and are in various stages of development. With continued research, progress toward a broadly effective vaccine to prevent infections caused by nontypeable H. influenzae is expected over the next several years.
Castleman's disease in the head of the pancreas: report of a rare clinical entity and current perspective on diagnosis, treatment, and outcome

Background Castleman's disease of the pancreas is a very rare condition that may resemble more common disease entities as well as pancreatic cancer.
Is Straight-line Path Always the Best for Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Intrusion detection is prominently important for civil and military applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It is defined as the mechanism to detect moving intruder(s) by single-sensing or jointly-sensing detection. To date, related works focus on the problem of network configuration for detecting intruder(s) within a pre-specified time/distance threshold by assuming a straight line intrusion path of the intruder. However, straight line intrusion path is often not the case in reality. An intruder can invade the network following a curved path or even a random walk in order to improve its attacking probability. Therefore, the results based on the assumption of a straight line intrusion path may not hold. In view of this, we are to address the problem from another angle, i.e., the effects of different intrusion paths on the intrusion detection probability in an arbitrary wireless sensor network. First, we propose a novel Sine Curve mobility model that can simulate different intrusion paths by adjusting its features such as amplitude, frequency, and phase. Next we are to explore the effects of different intrusion paths of the intruder on the intrusion detection probability in an arbitrary wireless sensor network. In other words, we are to investigate the following question theoretically and experimentally: Is straight-line path always optimal for intruder(s) to adopt for minimizing the detection probability of an arbitrary WSN, so as to maximize its attacking probability? Simulation outcomes are shown to match well with the analytical results, and therefore validate our analysis and conclusion.
Opioids for pain: risk management

The treatment of our patients’ pain has become a medical-legal minefield. We are getting sued for over-prescribing pain medications as well as for under-prescribing. Furthermore, the regulatory agencies are watching over our shoulders, ever vigilant for improper or fraudulent prescribing. Physicians must treat their patients’ pain, but this should be done in combination with thorough assessments, patient education, informed consents, complete documentation, use of consultants, carefully managed risk of addiction, and back-up emergency call systems. These preventive measures can help reduce the practitioner’s risk of suffering a medical-legal action.
Family Income Composition

Family income has increased overall in the United States since the 1950s, but increased prosperity has not been distributed evenly, with family economic well-being increasing more for some families than others. The end result has been increased family income inequality. Married couple families with a wife in the labor force have seen the largest gains over the decades. In general, families experienced increased prosperity over the 1950s and 1960s, a time when earnings increased for men and women. Starting in the early 1970s, however, the gap between families with a wife in the labor force and other families expanded markedly, as men's wage inequality grew and women's earnings continued to rise. This resulted in a flat trend line for families dependent only on men's earnings. Meanwhile, female-led families have seen only modest increases in family income. This uneven growth in family income has its roots in demographic changes in the family, the focus of this essay. Markedly, the rise in women's employment and earnings, the rise in men's wage inequality, and shifts in family structure and increased marital homogamy on earnings all contributed to the shifts in family income composition. Keywords: family income composition; family income inequality; women and work; wives' as breadwinners; family structure; men's earnings; women's earnings; gender
Design of a multi-level monitoring well for continuous sample collection

As part of a study of the flow dynamics and sampling environment around a high-capacity irrigation well, it was necessary to design and install a multi-level monitoring well network close to the production well. A requirement of the monitoring well network was the capability of continuous pumping over periods typical of those used during water sample collection. This was accomplished through the uses of a control valve and air manifold system connected to a common gasoline engine-operated ar compressor. The system provided adequate air pressure to operate 24 half-size bladder pumps to depths between 21 feet (6.4 m) and 56 feet (17.1 m) below the surface. Preliminary data collected from the monitoring well network indicate that the system will meet the requirements of the high-capacity well study.
High-throughput platforms for metabolomics

Mass spectrometry has become a choice method for broad-spectrum metabolite analysis in both fundamental and applied research. This can range from comprehensive analysis achieved through time-consuming chromatography to the rapid analysis of a few target metabolites without chromatography. In this review article, we highlight current high-throughput MS-based platforms and their potential application in metabolomics. Although current MS platforms can reach throughputs up to 0.5 seconds per sample, the metabolite coverage of these platforms are low compared to low-throughput, separation-based MS methods. High-throughput comes at a cost, as it's a trade-off between sample throughput and metabolite coverage. As we will discuss, promising emerging technologies, including microfluidics and miniaturization of separation techniques, have the potential to achieve both rapid and more comprehensive metabolite analysis.
Utility of targeted sonography in management of probably benign breast lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of targeted sonography in the management of probably benign breast lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A total of 4370 consecutive contrast-enhanced breast MRI examinations from March 1, 2004, to March 1, 2009, were retrospectively reviewed. The study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant and Institutional Review Board approved. When targeted sonography was recommended for a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 examination, results of the sonography and any subsequent breast pathologic examinations were recorded. The frequency of identifying the MRI-detected lesions and the rate at which the BI-RADS category was changed by sonography were calculated for mass and non-mass-like lesions. Results Of the 4370 examinations, 349 (8%) had BI-RADS 3 findings in 346 patients. One hundred eighteen lesions underwent targeted sonography for evaluation of 85 masses and 33 areas of non-mass-like enhancement. Of these 118 lesions, 54 (46%) were seen on sonography. No cancers were detected on sonography in the areas of non-mass-like enhancement. Two of the 85 masses (2.4%) evaluated with targeted sonography had a malignant diagnosis before initiation of follow-up. Conclusions Selective use of targeted sonography, particularly in masses, may help identify some malignancies before initiating short-interval follow-up for MRI-detected BI-RADS 3 lesions.
Toward the new sullivan principles in the information age: conflicts and challenges of multinational information technology companies in Asian countries

A free and open communication environment is essential for a democratic society. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) serve as a basic structure for creating democratic communication environments. We have to try to understand ethical issues which ICTs can cause and the importance of multinational companies' social responsibility. This paper presents case studies in conflict between governments and multinational information technology (IT) companies over internet regulations in Asia, specifically in China and South Korea. By analyzing recent conflicts, we develop an improved understanding of the embedded values of information technology and its possible effects on society. This analysis also allows us to anticipate possible future problems and understand future information environments. Furthermore, I suggest basic ethical concepts, identifying six principles which multinational information technology companies should consider when they implement their technology in other countries.
A distributed architecture for multimedia in dynamic wireless networks

The paper presents a self-organizing wireless mobile radio networking multimedia support. The proposed architecture is distributed and it has the capability of rapid deployment and dynamic reconfiguration. Without the need of base stations, this architecture can operate in areas without a wired backbone infrastructure. This architecture provides an instant infrastructure for real-time traffic transmission. Based on the instant infrastructure, a stable and loop-free routing protocol is implemented.
Propagation of Duck Hepatitis Virus in Tissue Culture.

SummaryDuck hepatitis virus (DHV) survived storage for at least 21 days at 37°C. It survived treatment with di-ethyl ether and with fluorocarbon. DHV has been propagated through 25 consecutive passages in tissue cultures prepared with chick embryo explants. It was not propagated in cultures of trypsinized chick embryo cells or in cell lines of mammalian origin.
Perceptual Patterns, Information Handling, and Innovativeness:

Few studies have explored differences in adoption behavior and information handling caused by consumers' varied perceptions of innovativeness of new products. The literature is based largely on research by other disciplines into the adoption of innovations quite different from their predecessors. Diffusion research in marketing has also tended to focus on comparatively innovative and socially conspicuous items. But the vast majority of new consumer products are highly continuous innovations [16, 18], whose improvements are at most evolutionary. Furthermore, typical mass media promotion of a new product differs from the sources and profusion of information about discontinuous-type innovations so often studied.
The Effects of State Abortion Policies on States' Abortion Rates

Following the Roe decision, anti? abortion activists shifted energy and resources to state legislatures, and the subsequent debate over issues such as pa? rental involvement and Medicaid funding mo? bilized pro-choice activists. The stakes in this struggle increased recently when the Supreme Court in the Webster (1989) and Casey (1992) decisions permitted states to enforce more abortion restrictions.1 As a result of these de? cisions, the fate of abortion policy now ap? pears to be significantly more in the hands of state politicians. These developments high? light the importance of understanding the role of state governments in the policymaking process that influences a woman's ability to obtain an abortion. In 1988 (prior to the Webster decision) the Supreme Court permitted state govern? ments to regulate access to abortion only by increasing the costs of obtaining an abortion for two subgroups of women?those eligible for Medicaid and minor, unmarried women. The court has held that a state may require an unmarried minor who seeks an abortion to notify or obtain the consent of one or both of her parents, provided that if she does not wish to do so, she must also be able to ob? tain permission from a judge.2 In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled in Harris v. McRae that the federal and state governments could ex? clude coverage of abortions from Medicaid. As a consequence of these decisions, state abortion policies necessarily involve the issue of distribution of costs among women seek? ing abortions. However, the radical nature of state abor? tion politics suggests that the issue at stake is riot only the fairness of imposing higher costs on some groups of women but whether or not a woman may obtain an abortion in her state of residence. Certainly the partici? pants in the antiabortion movement indicate that their intention is to reduce the number of abortions. Thus, the public debate creates the impression that state legislatures are im? portant sites of abortion policymaking. If this is the case, the strategy of imposing higher costs on some groups of women should suc? ceed in regulating access to abortion, and states with more restrictive regulations should have lower abortion rates than states with less
Exact Analysis of Class of Ring Segments

An exact analysis for a class of rings whose center lines are cycloids, circles, catenaries, and parabolas based on a simplest elastic thin ring theory has been presented. General homogeneous solutions for internal forces and moment, rotation and displacements have been obtained. Particular integrals must be derived for each specific loading condition. A few numerical examples for parabolic arches have been presented for illustrative purposes. In all the numerical examples, the overall equilibrium conditions have been precisely checked.
Epidemiological Approaches to the Identification of Cancer Predisposition Genes

The goal of appropriate epidemiologic approaches to identify cancer susceptibility genes is to maximize the potential of identifying causal relationships and minimize the potential that spurious relationships will be found. It is similarly important to target the appropriate approach for the identification of specific types of genes. Germline mutations in high-penetrance genes often confer Mendelian patterns of inheritance, and can be optimally identified by segregation and genetic linkage analysis methods. In contrast, low-penetrance genes may not confer Mendelian patterns of inheritance, and may be involved in cancer etiology only through complex interactions with other genes and exposures. Association studies may be more appropriate means of determining a role for these genes in cancer etiology.
The Core of the Matter: Analyzing Malicious Traffic in Cellular Carriers.

Much of the attention surrounding mobile malware has focused on the in-depth analysis of malicious applications. While bringing the community valuable information about the methods used and data targeted by malware writers, such work has not yet been able to quantify the prevalence with which mobile devices are actually infected. In this paper, we present the first such attempt through a study of the hosting infrastructure used by mobile applications. Using DNS traffic collected over the course of three months from a major US cellular provider as well as a major US noncellular Internet service provider, we identify the DNS domains looked up by mobile applications, and analyze information related to the Internet hosts pointed to by these domains. We make several important observations. The mobile malware found by the research community thus far appears in a minuscule number of devices in the network: 3,492 out of over 380 million (less than 0.0009%) observed during the course of our analysis. This result lends credence to the argument that, while not perfect, mobile application markets are currently providing adequate security for the majority of mobile device users. Second, we find that users of iOS devices are virtually identically as likely to communicate with known low reputation domains as the owners of other mobile platforms, calling into question the conventional wisdom of one platform demonstrably providing greater security than another. Finally, we observe two malware campaigns from the upper levels of the DNS hierarchy and analyze the lifetimes and network properties of these threats. We also note that one of these campaigns ceases to operate long before the malware associated with it is discovered suggesting that network-based countermeasures may be useful in the identification and mitigation of future threats.
Excretory Urography in Women with Urinary Tract Infection

AbstractExcretory urography was normal in 81 per cent of 242 women with documented urinary tract infection or symptoms of lower tract irritability. The excretory urogram was of value in only 2.89 per cent of the patients. The indications and nonindications for excretory urography are discussed.
The experimental research of secondary arc in 1000kV UHV systems in China

Auto-reclosing time and the success rate of the single-phase auto-reclosing operation are decided in the extinguishing time of the secondary arc. The extinction characteristic of the secondary arc is the key to guarantee the success of the auto-reclosing operating. At present, the only effective way to achieve the extinction characteristic of secondary arc in UHV transmission lines is often to have a simulation test in the laboratory. To overcome the problem, in this paper the equivalence of proof with the UHV transmission line secondary arc, the laboratory simulation test arc form theoretic analysis and laboratory test was provided. Depended on South of Huaihe River-West of Shanghai UHV transmission and distribution Project in China, the compensation-free, normal compensation and compensation cases simulation test in the laboratory, and secondary arc self-extinction characteristics on UHV transmission lines were investigated. The results can provide a scientific basis to determine the reclosing time of the circuit breaker, which can be used as reference of secondary arc self-extinction characteristics for simulation research.
Patient Perceptions of Integrated Care and Their Relationship to Utilization of Emergency, Inpatient and Outpatient Services

Abstract Background Patients with multiple chronic conditions have garnered particular attention from policymakers and health service researchers because these patients utilize more services and contribute disproportionally to rising health care expenses. The growing prevalence of patients with multiple chronic conditions has increased the importance of achieving better health care integration for this patient population. Patients may be well positioned to assess integration of their care, but the relationship between patients’ perceptions of care integration and use of health services has not been studied. We sought to understand how patient-perceived integrated care relates to utilization of health services. Methods We fielded the Patient Perceptions of Integrated Care survey among a random sample of 3000 ( 65 years) patients with multiple chronic conditions belonging to the Massachusetts General Hospital Physician Organization; 1503 responses were collected (50% response rate). We assessed relationships between provider performance on 11 domains of patient-reported integrated care and rates of emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions, and outpatient visits. Results Better performance on two of the surveyed dimensions of integrated care (information flow to other providers in your doctor's office and responsiveness independent of visits, p Conclusions In a single health system, patient perceptions of integrated care were associated with ED and outpatient utilization but not inpatient utilization. With further development, patient reports of integration could be useful guides to improving health system efficiency.
Beyond "Med Management".

Today, outpatient psychiatric care is commonly referred to as “medication management” and is often delivered in 15- to 20-minute visits by psychiatric care providers who receive little workflow support from technology or medical assistants. This Open Forum argues that this current state of psychiatric care delivery is a problem, comments on how psychiatry got here, and suggests that, through reframing and redesign, psychiatric professionals can improve care for those delivering and for those receiving this needed service.
Homology Modeling of Human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters (hCNTs) and Validation by Virtual Screening and Experimental Testing to Identify Novel hCNT1 Inhibitors.

Objective: The nucleoside transporter family is an emerging target for cancer, viral and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the difficulty in the expression, isolation and crystallization of membrane proteins, there is a lack of structural information on any of the mammalian and for that matter the human proteins. Thus the objective of this study was to build homology models for the three cloned concentrative nucleoside transporters hCNT1, hCNT2 and hCNT3 and validate them for screening towards the discovery of much needed inhibitors and probes. Methods: The recently reported crystal structure of the Vibrio cholerae concentrative nucleoside transporter (vcCNT), has satisfactory similarity to the human CNT autologs and was thus used as a template to build homology models of all three hCNTs. The Schrodinger modeling suite was used for the exercise. External validation of the homology models was carried out by docking a set of recently reported known hCNT1 nucleoside class inhibitors at the putative binding site using induced fit docking (IDF) methodology with the Glide docking program. Then hCNT1 homology model was subsequently used to conduct a virtual screening of a 360,000 compound library and 172 compounds were obtained and biologically evaluated for hCNT 1, 2 and 3 inhibitory potency and selectivity. Results: Good quality homology models were obtained for all three hCNTs as indicated by interrogation for various structural parameters and also external validated by docking of known inhibitors. The IDF docking results showed good correlations between IDF scores and inhibitory activities; particularly for hCNT1. From the top 0.1% of compounds ranked by virtual screening with the hCNT1 homology model, the 172 compounds selected and tested for against hCNT1, hCNT2 and hCNT3, yielded 14 new inhibitors (hits) of (i.e., 8% success rate). The most active compound exhibited an IC50 of 9.05 μM, which shows a greater than 25-fold higher potency than phlorizin the standard CNT inhibitor (IC50 of 250 μM). Conclusion: We successfully undertook a homology modeling and validation for all human concentrative nucleoside transporters (hCNT 1, 2 and 3). The proof-of-concept that these models are promising from virtual screening to identify potent and selective inhibitors was also obtained using the hCNT1 model. Thus we identified a novel potent hCNT1 inhibitor that is more potent and more selective than the standard inhibitor phlorizin. The other hCNT1 hits also mostly exhibited selectivity. These homology models should be useful for virtual screening to identify novel hCNT inhibitors, as well as for optimization of hCNT inhibitors.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN GLIOMAS

SUMMARY Molecular markers are increasingly being utilized in diagnosing, prognosticating and predicting response to therapy of gliomas. The 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) was updated in 2016 and incorporates multiple molecular markers in combination with histology to arrive at an integrated pathological diagnosis 1 . Newer entities were defined and some were removed based on biological and clinical relevance. Clinical trials have retrospectively incorporated molecular markers and reported patient outcomes based on them, which have showed significant survival differences for specific subtypes of gliomas. Challenges with respect to interobserver variability in diagnosis based on histology alone or availability of minimal diagnostic brain tissue can now be addressed with the use of molecular markers.
Effects of Reservoir Temperature and Percent Levels of Methane and Ethane on CO2/Oil MMP Values as Determined using Vanishing Interfacial Tension/Capillary Rise

Abstract The effects of reservoir temperature and percent levels of methane and ethane in CO 2 on the minimum miscibility pressures (MMPs) of crude oils were measured using a vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) method. MMPs increased linearly with methane concentrations but decreased when ethane was added to CO 2 . Higher reservoir temperatures yielded much higher MMPs for the same oil, apparently because of the reduction in CO 2 densities that occur with increasing temperature. Oil samples collected from the CO 2 -dominated mobile “miscible” phase demonstrated that higher pressures mobilized more oil regardless of MMP, and that CO 2 preferentially mobilizes lighter hydrocarbons, especially at lower pressures.
Autobiography and the Gender of Place: Elena Zamora O’Shea, Fray Angélico Chávez, Richard Rodriguez

This chapter focuses on Elena Zamora O’Shea’s El Mesquite: A Story of the Early Spanish Settlements Between the Nueces and the Rio Grande, As Told by “La Posta del Palo Alto,” Fray Angelico Chavez’s La Conquistadora: The Autobiography of an Ancient Statue, and Richard Rodriguez’s Days of Obligation: An Argument with My Mexican Father. All three use gender as a form of masquerade to conceal the author and retell history. O’Shea and Chavez give voice to an inanimate object, a strategy of life-storytelling that links the two writers and challenges the gender and genre of Mexican American autobiography. Rodriguez retells the history of California, not immediately like O’Shea and Chavez, but in a way that identifies more clearly the aesthetics of Chicana/o critical regionalism.
A blueprint for robust crosslinking of mobile species in biogels with weakly adhesive molecular anchors.

Biopolymeric matrices can impede transport of nanoparticulates and pathogens by entropic or direct adhesive interactions, or by harnessing “third-party” molecular anchors to crosslink nanoparticulates to matrix constituents. The trapping potency of anchors is dictated by association rates and affinities to both nanoparticulates and matrix; the popular dogma is that long-lived, high-affinity bonds to both species facilitate optimal trapping. Here we present a contrasting paradigm combining experimental evidence (using IgG antibodies and Matrigel®), a theoretical framework (based on multiple timescale analysis), and computational modeling. Anchors that bind and unbind rapidly from matrix accumulate on nanoparticulates much more quickly than anchors that form high-affinity, long-lived bonds with matrix, leading to markedly greater trapping potency of multiple invading species without saturating matrix trapping capacity. Our results provide a blueprint for engineering molecular anchors with finely tuned affinities to effectively enhance the barrier properties of biogels against diverse nanoparticulate species. Biological polymeric matrices often use molecular anchors, such as antibodies, to trap nanoparticulates. Here, the authors find that anchor-matrix bonds that are weak and short-lived confer superior trapping potency, contrary to the prevailing belief that effective molecular anchors should form strong bonds to both the matrix and the nanoparticulates.
Obesity Is Not a Predictor of Complications in Upper Extremity Surgery.

BACKGROUND Obesity is an often-cited cause of surgical morbidity. As a result, many institutions have required screening prior to "clearing" obese individuals for surgery. However, it remains unclear whether such testing is warranted for obese patients prior to upper extremity procedures. This study reviews surgical outcomes to determine if obesity does predict operative morbidity following upper extremity surgery. METHODS The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for 18 Current Procedural Terminology codes, representing upper extremity fracture and arthroplasty procedures. Patients' body mass index (BMI) and medical histories were examined as predictors for postoperative complications. Both individual and combined incidences of complications were compared between patients stratified as normal-weight (BMI 40). RESULTS A total of 8,477 patients were identified over the 5-year study period; 5,303 had a BMI 40. With the exception of postoperative blood transfusions, there were no significant increases in the incidence rates of any complication event as a function of BMI class. The overall incidence of complications was 2.70 % for BMI 40. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is not a reliable predictor of complications following upper extremity surgery. Thus, requiring preoperative screening for obese patients may constitute an unnecessary burden on medical resources. Further study is needed to identify specific demographics that might serve as more accurate predictors of poor outcomes in obese patients undergoing surgery of the upper extremity.
Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck carcinoma: A brief review of literature

The carcinoma in head and neck region is the sixth most common worldwide cancer. Various advanced technologies are used for the diagnosis and staging of tumor and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scan are two such modalities. MRI provides information about anatomical and functional characteristics of tumor and PET scan provides metabolic and molecular information of tumor. The information obtained by PET/computed tomography (CT) and MRI is complementary to each other and hence gives accessory information for better diagnosis. It is difficult to combine both modalities, technically and clinically than it was expected. Different researches are still going on to evaluate the comparison of PET/MRI with PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI or their combination. This review article discusses the technical aspect as well as its clinical application in head and neck cancer cases.
Comparison of Body Composition Metrics for United States Air Force Airmen.

Background The United States Air Force currently uses AFI 36-2905 for cardiovascular fitness standards and evaluation. Regarding its fitness test, the Air Force considers waist circumference (WC) twice as important as push-ups or sit-ups. Because of this weighting, one assumes that the Air Force considers WC relatively correlated with overall fitness or at least cardiovascular fitness. To our knowledge, the Air Force has not considered on a large scale how body mass index (BMI), height-to-weight ratio (H-W), or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) compares with WC with respect to its fitness test. Methods Using a 5.38 million record database from the Air Force Fitness Management System, we evaluated how WC, BMI, WHtR, and H-W correlate with fitness as assessed by the 1.5-mile run in addition to total fitness, which incorporates the 1.5-mile run time, number of push-ups and sit-ups. As this previously collected data were anonymous to us, this study fell under the definition of exempt status and approved by the institutional review board overseeing Joint Base San Antonio. For each waist metric, we performed a simple ordinary least squares regression to ascertain the correlation between that particular metric and either run time or total fitness; when incorporating more than one explanatory variable or covariate (to control for age and/or sex), we performed multiple ordinary least squares regressions. Due to the large database size and to mitigate against a type I error, we used an alpha of 0.001 for all statistical hypothesis tests. Findings Approximately 18% of the 5.38 million records belonged to women. With respect to sex differences, males appeared noticeably faster and performed more push-ups on average than females. The number of sit-ups completed was more comparable, with males having a slight advantage. Males also appeared to have larger WC, BMI, H-W, and WHtR measurements. We compared the ordinary least squares results between WC, H-W, WHtR, and BMI and ranked them by R2. Models varied in R2 from 1% to 46% depending on the covariates in the model, with sex having a greater effect than age. Whether individually or adjusting for age and sex, WHtR performed better than the other body composition variables with an average rank score of 1.1 and a median improvement of approximately 4% to the current Air Force metric of WC. Discussion From our findings, we present a 20-point WHtR scoring system for the Air Force to use in lieu of its traditional usage of WC. We used this assessment chart to score all Airmen in our database and compared the results to their current scores on the abdominal circumference portion of the test with respect to predicting run time, after accounting for sex, age, and number of push-ups and sit-ups. The R2 value improved from 40.3 to 43.6, a relative improvement of approximately 8%, a fairly significant effect given the database consisted of over 5 million records. Future studies should investigate the longitudinal effect of varying waist metrics over time on run time or total fitness performance.
Compact 1 mJ fiber MOPA for space-based laser-ablation resonant ionization mass spectrometry (LARIMS)

A 1064 nm, 1 mJ pulsed fiber MOPA module, housed in 16”x14”x2.5” package for application in a lunar and planetary in-situ surface dating instrument is demonstrated. The module is based on a three-stage MOPA with a 60 μm core tapered fiber terminal amplifier. The master oscillator and first two preamplifier stages, which generate 20 μJ pulses, are all contained on a 13”x11”x1” board. Several improvements to the electronic signal control were instrumental to the laser development, including bipolar drive of the phase modulator for SBS suppression, shaping of the seed pulse to compensate pulse steepening, and pulsed operation of the power amplifier pump to reduce spontaneous emission at low pulse repetition frequency. The packaged laser runs at a repetition rate of 10 kHz and generates 10 ns pulses at 1 mJ with a 40 GHz linewidth, an M 2 ~ 1.2 beam quality, and an 18 dB polarization extinction ratio. The modular design enables seven independent lasers to be stacked in a 20”x18”x16.25” enclosure, supporting a path towards a fiber laser based LARIMS for advanced materials characterization and chronological dating in harsh and remote environments.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of stemness genes predicted to regulate RNA splicing, microRNA and oncogenic signaling are associated with prostate cancer survival

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease, with variation in outcomes only partially predicted by grade and stage. Additional tools to distinguish indolent from aggressive disease are needed. Phenotypic characteristics of stemness correlate with poor cancer prognosis. Given this correlation, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of stemness-related genes and examined their associations with PCa survival. SNPs within stemness-related genes were analyzed for association with overall survival of PCa in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Significant SNPs predicted to be functional were selected for linkage disequilibrium analysis and combined and stratified analyses. Identified SNPs were evaluated for association with gene expression. SNPs of CD44 (rs9666607), ABCC1 (rs35605 and rs212091) and GDF15 (rs1058587) were associated with PCa survival and predicted to be functional. A role for rs9666607 of CD44 and rs35605 of ABCC1 in RNA splicing regulation, rs212091 of ABCC1 in miRNA binding site activity and rs1058587 of GDF15 in causing an amino acid change was predicted. These SNPs represent potential novel prognostic markers for overall survival of PCa and support a contribution of the stemness pathway to PCa patient outcome.
Introducing Diversity and Uncertainty to Create Moving Attack Surfaces for Web Services

Web servers are primary targets for cyber attack because of the documents they may contain, transactions they support, or the opportunity to cause brand damage or reputational embarrassment to the victim organization. Today most web services are implemented by employing a fixed software stack that includes a web server program, web application programs, an operating system, and a virtualization layer. This software mix as a whole constitutes the attack surface of the web service and a vulnerability in one of the components that make up the web service is a potential threat to the entire service. This chapter presents an approach that employs a rotational scheme for substituting different software stacks for any given request in order to create a dynamic and uncertain attack surface area of the system. In particular, our approach automatically creates a set of diverse virtual servers (VSs), each configured with a unique software mix, producing diversified attack surfaces. Our approach includes a rotational scheme with a set of diversified offline servers rotating in to replace a set of diversified online servers on either a fixed rotation schedule or an event-driven basis. Assuming N different VSs, M < N of them will serve online at a time while off-line VSs are reverted to predefined pristine state. By constantly changing the set of M online VSs and introducing randomness in their selections, attackers will face multiple, constantly changing, and unpredictable attack surfaces.
Architectural considerations for FPGA acceleration of machine learning applications in MapReduce

While demand for data center computational resources continues to grow as the size of data grows, the semiconductor industry has reached scaling limits and is no longer able to reduce power consumption in new chips. Unfortunately, the promise of analytics running on large systems (e.g., data-centers) over huge data, and scaling those systems into the future, coincides with an era when the end of Dennard scaling brings into serious question our ability to provide scalable computational power without prohibitive power and energy costs.
Effect of Driving Breaks and 34-Hour Recovery Period on Motor Carrier Crash Odds

This research seeks to contribute to our knowledge of the relationship between truck driver hours of service and motor carrier crash odds. Data were collected from less-than-truckload carriers in 2004-05 and 2010 including the precise hours of service for crash-involved drivers and a random sample of noncrash involved drivers. Time-dependent logistic regression models were formulated to study the probability of a crash after a certain number of hours driving, given survival until that time. In addition to driving time during a trip, the models included presence of 34 hours consecutively off-duty immediately prior to the trip of interest and the use of breaks from driving by the driver. Multi-day driving patterns, developed using cluster analysis, cover the 7 days prior to the day of interest in an attempt to capture the effect of the pattern of driving over many days. Among the findings of this research are: (1) Driving hours 6 through 11 show continuous increases in the crash risk, (2) substantial and consistent benefits for drivers who take breaks compared to drivers who drive without breaks; benefits ranged from 34 to 47 percent reduction in crash odds, depending on the number of breaks taken, (3) drivers who had 34 hours or more off-duty immediately prior to the measurement period had a nearly 43 percent increase in crash odds, and (4) additional investigation shows that drivers have the greatest difficulty immediately after returning from the extended time off; the effect then diminishes with time.
Synthesis applications of aza-cope rearrangements : A stereoselective synthesis of 9a-arylhydrolilolidines [and a new approach to the synthesis of aspidosperma] alkaloids

Abstract A “Mannich-directed” 2-azonia-[3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement is the key step in a new, completely stereoselective, method for preparing 9a-arylhydrolilolidines. Specifically, cis-fused bicyclic aminoalcohols 24 upon treatment with formaldehyde and acid afford hydrolilolidines 25 in a single step and in excellent yield. The complete stereoselectivity of this “ring-enlarging pyrrolidine annulation” reaction follows stereorationally from the trans-relationship of vinyl and amine functions in the bicyclic precursor 24 (eqn 6).
O9 A Text-Delivered Intervention to Improve Dietary Habits, Stress Management Behaviors and Create Awareness of Food Assistance Resources Among College Students

Background Prior research indicate that text messaging is fully incorporated in the day-to-day lives of college students, and it provides opportunities in which behavior change interventions can be delivered. Objective To evaluate acceptance and effectiveness of health-related text messages on college students’ dietary habits, stress management behaviors and awareness of food assistance resources. Study Design, Settings, Participants Stratified random sampling was used to assign participants into either a control or intervention group. A total of 46 college students (ages 18-24 = 63%, 57% food insecure) participated in the study. The intervention group participants received three text messages per week for seven weeks, and the control group received the same information in an email attachment at post-intervention. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Measures included pre- and post- online surveys that assessed the students’ fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, mealtime behavior, perceived stress, hours of sleep, and awareness of food assistance resources, and self-reported weight and height. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze baseline demographic, food security status and anthropometric characteristics. Repeated measures ANOVA with fixed effects of time and group were performed to determine differences between intervention and control group outcome variables. Results Food insecure students weighed significantly more than the food secure students at baseline and post-intervention. The intervention group significantly (P Conclusion Text delivered messages appear to be acceptable and have potential to promote positive dietary habits, stress management behaviors and create awareness of food assistance resources among college students. Funding None.
A Finite States Contraction Algorithm for Dynamic Models

The purpose of this work is to develop and apply numerical methods for a class of dynamic models. With a proper change of variables the dynamics system which governs the equilibrium path is shown to be equivalent to a functional or an operator equation. An algorithm which combines the finite element method with a contraction mapping iteration, providing existence and uniqueness for the equilibrium path, then follows. Numerical evidences show that the proposed algorithm is a powerful tool for solving dynamic models.
Effort reduction in articulation in sign languages and dance

Sign languages exhibit the drive for ease of articulation found in spoken languages, particularly in fast and casual conversation, where the methods that reduce effort are shown here to be limited by the need to maintain recognizability. Participatory dance, which uses the same articulators as sign languages plus additional ones, also demonstrates methods of reducing biomechanical effort, analogous to those seen in sign languages, and, again, limited by the need to maintain recognizability of the dance figures/phrases. However, when we look at performance language (here, sign poetry) and performance dance, we find a contrast: sign language poetry uses reduced and enhanced forms, while performance dance does not use reduced forms but often uses enhanced forms. We attribute this contrast to the different functions of the different types of language and dance, with attention to the notion of intention in performance dance.
The Female Athlete Body project study: 18-month outcomes in eating disorder symptoms and risk factors

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the Female Athlete Body project (FAB) in reducing eating disorder (ED) symptoms and risk factors. Method This study was a community participatory three-site, two-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT). Female collegiate athletes (N = 481) were randomly assigned by team to the FAB intervention, a behavioral ED risk factor reduction program, or a waitlist control condition. Primary analyses examined 18-month effects for ED pathology. Secondary analyses examined risk factors and correlates (e.g., thin-ideal internalization, negative mood, Female Athlete Triad knowledge, and body mass index [BMI]). Results Linear mixed effects models with team as a cluster level variable and study condition as a between-subjects variable revealed significantly reduced dietary restraint in FAB teams relative to control teams. FAB teams also reported significantly fewer objective and subjective binge episodes than control teams. Finally, FAB teams showed significantly lower thin-ideal internalization and increased BMI at 18-months. No other significant differences were found. Discussion This RCT examined the effects of a short intervention on ED pathology and risk factors in female collegiate athletes through 18-month follow-up. This trial is one of only three trials with female athletes that have shown long-term reductions in any ED symptoms or produced positive effects on ED risk factors. The present study is the first to find such effects with athletes using a brief (i.e., 4 hr) intervention at 18-month follow-up. Although small effects were found, the current trial provides valuable lessons about future design and implementation of similar trials with athletes. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT01735994.