cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A global multispecies single‐fluid MHD study of the plasma interaction around Venus

[1] This paper reports a new global multispecies single-fluid MHD model that was recently developed for Venus. This model is similar to the numerical model that has been successfully applied to Mars. Mass densities of proton and three important ionospheric ion species (O+, O2+, and CO2+) are self-consistently calculated in the model by including related chemical reactions and ion-neutral collision processes. The simulation domain covers the region from 100 km altitude above the surface up to 24 RV in the tail. An adaptive spherical grid structure is constructed with radial resolution of about 5 km in the lower ionosphere. Bow shock locations are well reproduced for both solar-maximum and solar-minimum conditions using appropriate solar wind parameters for each case. It is shown that the shock locations are farther from the planet during the solar maximum condition, because of both the enhanced solar radiation strength and the relatively small Mach number. The simulation results also agree well with Venus Express observations, as shown by comparisons between model results with magnetic fields observed by the spacecraft.
Interdisciplinary Modeling Instruction: Helping Fifth Graders Learn About Levers

This chapter examines and comments on a brief teaching experiment in which fifth graders explored levers. The teacher–researcher employed modeling instruction (Hestenes, 1996), an inquiry based pedagogical approach that is widely utilized in high school physics instruction. The method relies on collaborative meaning making by students who work together in small groups on laboratory exercises or problems, whiteboard their findings and share and compare their thinking with other groups at “board meetings” – whole class discussions facilitated by the teacher–researcher. We analyze the teacher–researcher’s choices in designing and managing the learning environment in this setting in an attempt to identify how this instructional method can best be used with students of this age and mathematical sophistication.
Chemical Studies on the Structure of Mucopeptide Isolated from Streptococcus bovis

Mucopeptides isolated from Streptococcus bovis cell walls were found to be composed of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and threonine in a mole ratio of 3:1:1:1. A dipeptide, Ne-lysylthreonine, was isolated from S. bovis mucopeptide by ion-exchange chromatography. This finding suggests that threonine is associated with the bridge which cross-links adjacent tetrapeptides by connecting the e-amino group of lysine of one tetrapeptide to the carboxyl group of d-alanine of another to form the mucopeptide matrix.
Practical Problems in Design of High-Performance Multilayer Insulation System for Cryogenic Stages

In order to store cryogenic propellants in orbit for any length of time, a high-performance insulation system is required. In this paper an insulation system will be defined as the insulating material, the means of attaching it, and the method to provide the vacuum within the insulation. The insulating material which offers the highest thermal performance is the multilayer type (frequently referred to as superinsulation). Several different kinds of multilayer insulation are available and have been applied to ground dewars. However, the application to space vehicles introduces new problems and requires additional development work. Many insulating schemes using multilayer insulation have been proposed for cryogenic spacecraft. Knoll and Oglebay[1] have evaluated the insulating schemes in terms of their thermal efficiencies and discussed some of their inherent faults. Of the schemes proposed, the evacuated flexible-jacket scheme using a spacer-type multilayer insulation was considered to be in the most advanced state of development. Basic calorimeter data on the thermal properties of the spacer-type insulation material were available and a system employing the flexible-jacket scheme had been applied to experimental tankage [2–3]. The next logical step was the incorporation of this scheme into a workable insulation system for operational, flight-type tankage; therefore, an extensive program was begun to design such a system for a lunar mission stage. The emphasis was placed on solving the practical problems associated with producing a complete insulation system. To solve these problems, a series of flight-type tanks, and supporting experiments were planned. At present, two tanks have been designed and fabricated.
A finite element computation of the flow-induced oscillations in a cantilevered tube

Abstract A numerical method is presented for predicting the response of a cantilevered tube conveying fluid. Emphasis is placed on the oscillation amplitude, dominant frequency, and response mode shapes for flow velocities larger than the critical values. Numerical results and experimental data agree reasonably well.
Workload evaluation of sectorized air traffic control and stream management

Stream management is a novel air traffic control operational concept in which controllers control streams of aircraft that are functionally equivalent, rather than being responsible for “aircraft in airspace.” One of the potential benefits of stream management is workload reduction for the same amount of aircraft handled. An adaptation of the dynamic density workload measure was used to evaluate stream management operations against current sector based control. This evaluation is completed using FACET software and ASDI data. Stream visualizations and data analysis demonstrate the advantages of stream operations.
The challenges associated with high burnup, high temperature and accelerated irradiation for TRISO-coated particle fuel

Abstract Fuel service conditions proposed for the very high temperature reactor will be challenging. All major fuel-related design parameters (burnup, temperature, fast neutron fluence, power density, particle packing fraction) exceed the values that were qualified in the successful German UO2 coated particle fuel development program in the 1980s. Of particular concern are the high burnup and high temperatures expected in the very high temperature reactor. In this paper, the challenges associated with high burnup and high temperature are evaluated quantitatively by examining the performance of the fuel in terms of different known failure mechanisms. Potential design solutions to ameliorate the negative effects of high burnup and high temperature are discussed. Also of concern are the effects of accelerated irradiation on coated fuel that often occur during irradiation testing. These effects are evaluated in this paper and recommendations concerning allowable levels of accelerations are presented.
Real-time greenhouse monitoring and control with an expert system

Abstract An autonomous dynamic controller that chooses setpoints for the frequency and duration of misting events was developed and tested. The setpoints were chosen by an expert system, MISTING, that was based on the perceived optimal misting strategy of an experienced grower. System software ran on a general-purpose microcomputer (IBM-PC) that was located 0.5 km from the greenhouse. The remote microcomputer communicated via dedicated telephone line with a monitor/controller (CR21X) located in the greenhouse. Sensor data from the greenhouse were provided as facts to MISTING which returned setpoints to the CR21X which, accordingly, regulated misting line solenoids. Knowledge representation of the grower's perceived control strategy was straight forward because the domain was narrow and very well defined. Implementation was accomplished using commercial software packages as the primary components in the control software and readily available hardware. The system ran for 30 days with no software failures and successfully followed the grower's strategy.
Amping up estrogen receptors in breast cancer.

This article highlights a recent study by Holst et al. in Nature Genetics that finds estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) amplification in early benign lesions and more advanced invasive carcinomas of the breast, and discusses the potential implications to our present understanding of the role of ER-α in breast tumorigenesis.
Glucose-dependent action of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-37) in vivo during short- or long-term administration

In vitro, truncated glucagon-like peptides [GLP-1(7-36)-amide and GLP-1(7-37)] increase insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, and desensitization to the action of GLP-1(7-37) has been demonstrated acutely with high concentrations. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the glucose dependency and threshold of GLP-1(7-37) action in normal rats and in a rat model of type II diabetes and to assess the effects of long-term administration in vivo. All studies were conducted in conscious catheterized rats. An intravenous (IV) infusion of GLP-1(7-37) at 0.5, 5, or 50 pmol/min/kg during the second hour of a 2-hour 11-mmol/L hyperglycemic clamp in Sprague-Dawley rats produced a dose-related enhancement of the glucose-induced increase in plasma insulin concentration. A 1-hour infusion of a submaximal dose of GLP-1(7-37) (5 pmol/min/kg IV) in fasted and fed Sprague-Dawley rats produced small transient increases in plasma insulin (incremental increases above basal, 72 +/- 27 and 96 +/- 28 pmol/L, respectively) and decreases in plasma glucose (to levels > or = 5.2 mmol/L). Infusion of GLP-1(7-37) (5 pmol/min/kg IV) during a hyperglycemic clamp at two sequentially increasing concentrations of glucose, 11 and 17 mmol/L, produced incremental increases in insulin of 600 and 1,200 pmol/L, respectively, relative to levels in clamped control rats. Similarly, infusion of GLP-1(7-37) (5 pmol/min/kg IV) in hyperinsulinemic, hyperglycemic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats produced a transitory increase in plasma insulin concentration and normalized the plasma glucose concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer.

During the past few decades, significant progress has been achieved in the management of rectal cancer with the introduction of total mesorectal excision. The role of radiotherapy in improving local c
Numerical and sensory categorization of serial information by animals

Rats were trained in a straight runway on a series consisting of 4 elements, each element being defined in terms of the number of .045-gm. Noyes pellets used as reward on 4 runway trials separated by about 20 sec. The series elements were 2, 6, 12, and 0 (2-6-12-0). The animals were trained each day on 3 such series, the series themselves being separated within a day by about 12 min. for 28 days before introducing a new transfer series to assess the relevance of the order of the series elements. In previous experiments with the simpler series, 2-12-0, alterations in order of elements eliminated the animals' tendencies to run much slower to the terminal nonreward element of the series, but transfer was clearly shown here when we shifted from 2-6-12-0 to 6-12-2-0. That is, the animals continued on the transfer test to approach the terminal element slowly, a result which we interpret as supporting the view that the rats either counted the rewarded trials and used that count to predict terminal nonreward, or they behaved on the basis of cues associated with the ordinal position of the trial.
Reliability Tests and Stress in Plastic Integrated Circuits

Temperature cycling and pressure cooker environmental tests were performed on integrated strain gauge and metal test structures. Test bars were packaged in different plastic encapsulation materials and under different packaging procedures. For temperature cycling, dramatic differences in build-up and relief of internal stress in silicon bars were found as a function of the packaging conditions selected. Packaging conditions also affected the performance of test structures and actual circuits in pressure cooker. Conclusions for plastic IC reliability are reached, as illustrated by an innovative test structure for simultaneous measurement of stress, leakage and corrosion. In conclusion, modular reliability test bars are discussed in relation to the strategy for reliability prediction.
Minimal McMillan degree rational matrix functions with prescribed local zero-pole structure

Abstract Given a rational m × n matrix function W ( z ) and a subset σ of the complex plane C , we give an explicit algorithm (using column operations) to produce a rational matrix function H ( z ) of minimal possible McMillan degree which has the same left zero-pole structure on σ as W ( z ), i.e. for which H = WQ where Q and Q −1 are rational n × n matrix functions with no poles in σ.
The Relative Acidities of Water and Methanol

The experimental evidence for the relative acidities of water and methanol is reviewed. Because of solvent effects, a comparison of either autoprotolysis constants or dissociation constants measured in different media does not provide a reliable indication of these relative values. The most suitable measure of the relative acidities of water and methanol is the equilibrium constant for the proton transfer between water and methoxide ion in various water-methanol mixtures. Experimental measurements of this thermodynamic equilibrium constant, in particular the contributions of Unmack, show considerable uncertainty owing to the difficulties in estimating activity coefficients, but they strongly indicate that methanol is about twice as acidic as water. This result shows that substitution of a methyl group for a hydrogen atom does not always destabilize a negative charge on a nearby oxygen atom. The question of whether to present acidities, particularly those of solvents, in terms of dissociation constants bas...
Sequential alterations in gut mucosal amino acid and glucose transport after 70% small bowel resection*

Background. Studies in animals with short bowel syndrome (SBS) suggest that up-regulation of nutrient transporter activity occurs as an adaptive response to the loss of absorptive area. It is unclear, however, whether nutrient transport is altered at the membrane in SBS. The purpose of this study is to clarify amino acid and glucose transport in small intestinal luminal mucosa after 70% small bowel resection in rabbits. Methods. New Zealand white rabbits underwent 70% jejunoileal resection (n=27) or a sham operation (n=19). Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from small intestinal mucosa at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months by magnesium aggregation-differential centrifugation. Transport of L -glutamine, L -alanine, L -leucine, L -arginine, and D -glucose was assayed by a rapid mixing-filtration technique. Results. We observed no difference in uptake of all amino acids and glucose at 1 week. The uptake of amino acids and glucose was decreased by 20% to 80% in animals with SBS at 1 month. By 3 months all uptake values except that of glucose returned to normal. Kinetic studies of the system B transporter for glutamine indicate that the decrease in uptake at 1 month was caused by a reduction in the Vmax (1575±146 versus 2366±235, p Conclusions. In addition to the anatomic loss of absorptive area after massive bowel resection, alterations in enterocyte transport function may be responsible for malabsorption in patients with SBS.
Primary ideals associated to the linear strands of Lascoux's resolution and syzygies of the corresponding irreducible representations of the Lie superalgebra gl(m|n)

Abstract We investigate equivariant Koszul duality between primary ideals I a × b of S = S ( M ( m × n ) ∗ ) associated to rectangular Young diagrams a × b and the corresponding atypical irreducible mixed supertensor representations X a × b of gl ( m | n ) in characteristic zero. We show I a × b to be H 0 ( S ⊗ X a × b ) of the Koszul dual S ⊗ X a × b and we compute all the higher cohomology of S ⊗ X a × b to be direct sums of I ( a + r ) × ( b + r ) with multiplicities being given by coefficients of Gauss polynomials. Utilizing this we are able to describe the equivariant syzygies of X a × b over S ! = Λ ( M ( m × n ) ) and determine the homological dimension of I a × b over S.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Participate in Hepatic Lipaseand Apolipoprotein E-mediated Binding and Uptake of Plasma Lipoproteins, Including High Density Lipoproteins

High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and HDL cholesteryl esters are taken up by both receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated pathways. Here we show that cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) participate in hepatic lipase (HL)- and apolipoprotein (apo) E-mediated binding and uptake of mouse and human HDL by cultured hepatocytes. The HL secreted by HL-transfected McA-RH7777 cells enhanced both HDL binding at 4 degrees C (approximately 2-4-fold) and HDL uptake at 37 degrees C (approximately 2-5-fold). The enhanced binding and uptake of HDL were partially inhibited by the 39-kDa protein, an inhibitor of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), but were almost totally blocked by heparinase, which removes the sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains from HSPG. Therefore, HL may mediate the uptake of HDL by two pathways: an HSPG-dependent LRP pathway and an HSPG-dependent but LRP-independent pathway. The HL-mediated binding and uptake of HDL were only minimally reduced when catalytically inactive HL or LRP binding-defective HL was substituted for wild-type HL, indicating that much of the HDL uptake required neither HL binding to the LRP nor lipolytic processing. To study the role of HL in facilitating the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters, we used HDL into which radiolabeled cholesteryl ether had been incorporated. HL increased the selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl ether; this enhanced uptake was reduced by more than 80% by heparinase but was unaffected by the 39-kDa protein. Like HL, apoE enhanced the binding and uptake of HDL (approximately 2-fold) but had little effect on the selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl ether. In the presence of HL, apoE did not further increase the uptake of HDL, and at a high concentration apoE impaired or decreased the HL-mediated uptake of HDL. Therefore, HL and apoE may utilize similar (but not identical) binding sites to mediate HDL uptake. Although the relative importance of cell surface HSPG in the overall metabolism of HDL in vivo remains to be determined, cultured hepatocytes clearly displayed an HSPG-dependent pathway that mediates the binding and uptake of HDL. This study also demonstrates the importance of HL in enhancing the binding and uptake of remnant and low density lipoproteins via an HSPG-dependent pathway.
Aspects of Radar Range Super-Resolution

Range resolution is generally limited by the bandwidth of the transmitted radar waveform. In this paper, the issue of range super-resolution based on the returns from a single pulse is addressed. Aspects of super-resolution are investigated for the adaptive pulse compression algorithm and least-squares estimation relative to the nominal resolution provided by the standard matched filter. Performance is ascertained for both continuous and discrete waveforms of commensurate nominal resolution via simulation. Diagonal loading of both super-resolution approaches is discussed as a means to provide robustness to moderate matrix ill-conditioning that can occur when waveforms are over-sampled.
PERCEIVED RISK AND CONSUMER DECISION MAKING

The home economist has long been interested in effective family and consumer decision making and has tended to take a holistic or macro approach to decision theory. Recently, some applications of normative decision theory to consumer decision making—including the creation of rules for dealing with risk and uncertainty—have been advanced in home management textbooks. Since the early 1960s, consumer behaviour researchers in other disciplines have been developing a behavioural, micro-decision perspective centring upon the presence of perceived risk in the purchase decision of any customer. The empirical literature in home economics does not appear to have dealt with either of these perspectives. This paper identifies perceived risk as a useful analytical variable in the study of consumer product and store decisions and presents empirical data depicting the dual components of perceived risk and its four dimensions. The relationship of the normative and behavioural approaches to decision risk is discussed and implications for future research and application in home economics are identified.
Intra-annual rainfall variability and grassland productivity: can the past predict the future?

Precipitation quantity has been shown to influence grassland aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) positively whereas experimental increases in of temporal variability in water availability commonly exhibit a negative relationship with ANPP. We evaluated long term ANPP datasets from the Konza Prairie Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program (1984–1999) to determine if similar relationships could be identified based on patterns of natural variability (magnitude and timing) in precipitation. ANPP data were analyzed from annually burned sites in native mesic grassland and productivity was partitioned into graminoid (principally C4 grasses) and forb (C3 herbaceous) components. Although growing season precipitation amount was the best single predictor of total and grass ANPP (r 2=0.62), several measures of precipitation variability were also significantly and positively correlated with productivity, independent of precipitation amount. These included soil moisture variability, expressed as CV, for June (r 2=0.45) and the mean change in soil moisture between weekly sampling periods in June and August (%wv) (r 2=0.27 and 0.32). In contrast, no significant relationships were found between forb productivity and any of the precipitation variables (p>0.05). A multiple regression model combining precipitation amount and both measures of soil moisture variability substantially increased the fit with productivity (r 2=0.82). These results were not entirely consistent with those of short-term manipulative experiments in the same grassland, however, because soil moisture variability was often positively, not negatively related to ANPP. Differences in results between long and short term experiments may be due to low variability in the historic precipitation record compared to that imposed experimentally as experimental levels of variability exceeded the natural variability of this dataset by a factor of two. Thus, forecasts of ecosystem responses to climate change (i.e. increased climatic variability), based on data constrained by natural and recent historical rainfall patterns may be inadequate for assessing climate change scenarios if precipitation variability in the future is expected to exceed current levels.
The Isolation of a Large Cyclopentadienylcobaltsulfide Cluster. The Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Octahedral closo-(η5-C5H5Co)5S

The title cluster, which was obtained serendipitously when (η5-C5H5)Co(PPh3)2 was added to a (η5-C5H5)Co metallacyclobutene containing a sulfone group, is the largest cluster known, formed primarily with (η5-C5H5)Co vertices. The closo-(η5-C5H5Co)5S is a closed-shell, octahedral cluster which forms black, monoclinic crystals from methanol.
Intracerebroventricular cholecystokinin infusions block beta-endorphin-induced disruption of maternal behavior.

Abstract Recent work has shown that infusions of beta-endorphin, an endogenous opioid, into the ventricular system of lactating rats blocks normal maternal behavior. Other behavioral and biochemical studies have demonstrated that sulfated cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) can have effects opposite those of opioids. The present study evaluated whether intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of CCK-8 is able to antagonize the inhibitory effect of beta-endorphin on maternal behavior. The results of this study demonstrated that CCK-8 (14.5 nmol) prevented the beta-endorphin (1.45 nmol)-induced increase in latencies to retrieve the first pup, retrieval all pups, and to group and crouch over rat pups. In addition, reductions in the percentage of rats retrieving all pups and displaying full maternal behavior were prevented by CCK-8. These data suggest that CCK-8 can act as an opioid antagonist in neural systems that control maternal behavior.
Frederick the Great on Government and Public Administration

This article discusses the political and administrative ideas of Frederick the Great, as expressed in his writings, and attempts to assess their significance for American public administration thinking. Frederick's ideas on enlightened government, the good of the state, and the role of public administration are examined here. It is argued that the ideas espoused by Frederick have been influential in American public administration thinking about the role of public administration and the nature of the state.
Critical current density of Pb-40% Bi alloys in porous glass

Measurements of the critical current density, J0, for Pb-40%Bi in porous glass, with an average pore diameter of 35 A, have been made in transverse magnetic fields. Typically, Jc ∼ 105 A/cm2 in zero magnetic field and 104 A/cm2 at 90 kG.
XLV. On the resolving power of telescopes and spectroscopes for lines of finite width

(1897). XLV. On the resolving power of telescopes and spectroscopes for lines of finite width. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 43, No. 264, pp. 317-343.
Sampling and Electrophoretic Analysis of Segmented Flow Streams Using Virtual Walls in a Microfluidic Device

A method for sampling and electrophoretic analysis of aqueous plugs segmented in a stream of immiscible oil is described. In the method, an aqueous buffer and oil stream flow parallel to each other to form a stable virtual wall in a microfabricated K-shaped fluidic element. As aqueous sample plugs in the oil stream make contact with the virtual wall, coalescence occurs and sample is electrokinetically transferred to the aqueous stream. Using this virtual wall, two methods of injection for channel electrophoresis were developed. In the first, discrete sample zones flow past the inlet of an electrophoresis channel and a portion is injected by electroosmotic flow, termed the "discrete injector". With this approach at least 800 plugs could be injected without interruption from a continuous segmented stream with 5.1% RSD in peak area. This method generated up to 1,050 theoretical plates, although analysis of the injector suggested that improvements may be possible. In a second method, aqueous plugs are sampled in a way that allows them to form a continuous stream that is directed to a microfluidic cross-style injector, termed the "desegmenting injector". This method does not analyze each individual plug but instead allows periodic sampling of a high-frequency stream of plugs. Using this system at least 1000 injections could be performed sequentially with 5.8% RSD in peak area and 53,500 theoretical plates. This method was demonstrated to be useful for monitoring concentration changes from a sampling device with 10 s temporal resolution. Aqueous plugs in segmented flows have been applied to many different chemical manipulations including synthesis, assays, sampling processing and sampling. Nearly all such studies have used optical methods to analyze plug contents. This method offers a new way to analyze such samples and should enable new applications of segmented flow systems.
Romance and the Yellow Peril: Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction

Hollywood films about Asians and interracial sexuality are the focus of Gina Marchetti's provocative new work. While miscegenation might seem an unlikely theme for Hollywood, Marchetti shows how fantasy-dramas of interracial rape, lynching, tragic love, and model marriage are powerfully evident in American cinema. The author begins with a discussion of D. W. Griffith's Broken Blossoms, then considers later films such as Shanghai Express, Madame Butterfly, and the recurring geisha movies. She also includes some fascinating "forgotten" films that have been overlooked by critics until now. Marchetti brings the theoretical perspective of recent writing on race, ethnicity, and gender to her analyses of film and television and argues persuasively that these media help to perpetuate social and racial inequality in America. Noting how social norms and taboos have been simultaneously set and broken by Hollywood filmmakers, she discusses the "orientalist" tensions underlying the construction of American cultural identity. Her book will be certain to interest readers in film, Asian, women's, and cultural studies.
Factors governing the distribution and fish-community associations of the round goby in Michigan tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes

Abstract The round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ) is increasingly being reported in tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes where these fish have been shown to adversely impact native stream biota. Determining the characteristics and distribution of invaded streams are the first steps toward effective round goby management. We sampled 30 tributaries in the Great Lakes basin and characterized each in terms of nine physical reach-scale attributes. Round goby were detected in 14 streams where abundances ranged from 4% to 53% of the fish sampled in each stream. Round goby was the single most abundant fish species sampled, constituting 14% of all fish encountered across all sites, and 30% of individuals in round goby-present sites. Round goby-present sites were larger, had lower channel slopes, less large wood, and less canopy cover than round goby-absent sites, suggesting that these attributes may promote round goby establishment. Mottled sculpin, cyprinids, brook stickleback, white sucker and rainbow trout were associated with goby absence while centrarchids, percids, yellow bullhead, and mud minnow were associated round goby presence. Collectively these results demonstrate that round goby are widespread in eastern Michigan tributaries to the Great Lakes, present in streams with a range of physical habitat characteristics, and that round goby presence is associated with certain fish species.
Systolic time intervals in the syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur.

Left ventricular function, as measured by systolic time intervals, was studied in 30 subjects with the syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur (ages, 20 to 53 years; mean, 34 ± 9 years). Twenty-one were asymptomatic, six had chest pain, two had palpitations, one had shortness of breath, and one had hypotensive episodes. Each patient had the typical auscultatory and echocardiographic findings of the syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur. In the study the values for the interval between the onset of the QRS complex (Q) and the aortic component of the second heart sound (A 2 ) (377 ± 42 msec), the Q-A 2 index (532 ± 39 msec), the preejection period (PEP) (97 ±17 msec), the PEP index (127 ± 16 msec), the left ventricular ejection time index (403 ± 26 msec) and the ratio of PEP to left ventricular ejection time (0.35 ± 0.01) were not significantly different from the values in 17 controls matched for age. Our study, then, supports the contention that left ventricular function remains well preserved in most patients with the syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur.
Progenitor Cell Therapy to Treat Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Promise of High-Dose Autologous CD34+ Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with an increased risk for congestive heart failure and long-term mortality despite the widespread use of thrombolysis and catheter-based revascularization. The need for improved post-STEMI therapies has led to a surge of novel therapeutics, especially regenerative approaches using autologous mononuclear cells. Indeed, the past decade has been marked by a number of human trials studying the safety and efficacy of progenitor cell delivery in the post-STEMI setting. While a variety of cell types and delivery techniques have been utilized, directed therapy to the infarct-related artery has been the most widely used approach. From over 1300 subjects randomized in these studies, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that cell therapy after STEMI is uniformly safe, while the efficacy of this intervention for improving outcomes is less clear. Recent meta-analyses have highlighted the importance of both timing of cell delivery, as well as the type, quantity, and mobility of delivered cells as determinants of response. Here, we show the case in which higher doses of CD34+ cells, which are more potent in terms of their migratory capacity, offer the best hope for preserving cardiac function following STEMI.
Fertilization Effects on Elevation Change and Belowground Carbon Balance in a Long Island Sound Tidal Marsh

We report the results of a 5-year fertilization experiment in a central Long Island Sound salt marsh, aimed at understanding the impacts of high nutrient loads on marsh elevational processes. Fertilization with nitrogen led to some significant changes in marsh processes, specifically increases in aboveground primary production and in CO2 fluxes from the soil. However, neither nitrogen nor phosphorus fertilization led to elevation loss (relative to controls), reduced soil carbon, or a decrease in belowground primary production, all of which have been proposed as links between elevated nutrient loads and marsh drowning. Our data suggest that high nutrient levels increase gross carbon loss from the sediment, but that this is compensated for by other processes, leading to no net deleterious effect of nutrient loading on carbon storage or on marsh stability with respect to sea level rise.
Communicating across the work/home border

This article is about how individuals enact their work and home environments to create balance, by communicating with family about work and with work associates about family. Three themes of this type of communication are identified from interviews and a focus group. Questionnaire data from a sample of 179 individuals who work and have family responsibilities are used to examine factors that influence the amount of communication and the effect of communication on work/family balance. Results show that communication with family about work and communication at work about family varies depending on the permeability of the work and home borders. Individuals who engage in these types of communication show greater work satisfaction, higher work functioning, higher satisfaction with home and family activities, and have more functional families. Este articulo se trata de como, por mediacion de la comunicacion con la familia sobre asuntos de trabajo y con colegas sobre asuntos familiares, se puede manejar el ambie...
Laparoscopic Resection of Gastric and Small Bowel Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: 10-Year Experience at a Single Center

Background Complete curative resection remains the treatment of choice for nonmetastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The safety and feasibility of laparoscopy in the treatment of this disease has been shown, however, the long-term oncologic outcomes of this technique remain unclear. Study Design An ongoing prospectively maintained database including all laparoscopically resected gastric and small bowel GISTs (n = 116) at Mount Sinai Medical Center from July 1999 to December 2011 was retrospectively analyzed. Recurrence and survival outcomes were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with log-rank test. Results Tumors were of gastric (77.6%) and small bowel (22.4%) origins. Overall mean tumor size was 4.0 cm (±2.7 cm) and R0 resection was achieved in 113 (97.4%) cases. Overall perioperative complication rate was 14.7%, with a reoperative rate of 4.3% at 90 days. When comparing gastric with small bowel GISTs, a more acute presentation requiring emergent resections was noted in patients with small bowel GISTs (p = 008). However tumor size, operative data, and perioperative outcomes were comparable in both groups (p = NS). At a median follow-up of 56.4 months (range 0.1 to 162.4 months), recurrence rate was 7.8% and comparable in both gastric and small bowel GISTs (p = NS). Risk factors for recurrence on univariate analysis were presence of ulceration/necrosis (p 5 cm (p = 0.05). Overall 10-year survival rate was 90.8%. Gastric and small bowel overall survival rates were similar (90.7% vs 91.3%, respectively). Overall 10-year disease-free survival was 80.0% (84.3% gastric vs 71.6% small bowel; p = NS). Conclusions Our series demonstrates the safety and feasibility of laparoscopy in patients undergoing resection of small bowel and gastric GISTs. Comparable long-term oncologic outcomes with a 10-year survival of 90.8% were achieved.
The profiles in science digital library: behind the scenes

This demonstration shows the Profiles in Science® digital library. Profiles in Science contains digitized selections from the personal manuscript collections of prominent biomedical researchers, medical practitioners, and those fostering science and health. The Profiles in Science Web site is the delivery mechanism for content derived from the digital library system. The system is designed according to our basic principles for digital library development [1]. The digital library includes the rules and software used for digitizing items, creating and editing database records and performing quality control as well as serving the digital content to the public. Among the types of data managed by the digital library are detailed item-level, collection-level and cross-collection metadata, digitized photographs, papers, audio clips, movies, born-digital electronic files, optical character recognized (OCR) text, and annotations (see Figure 1). The digital library also tracks the status of each item, including digitization quality, sensitivity of content, and copyright. Only items satisfying all required criteria are released to the public through the World Wide Web. External factors have influenced all aspects of the digital library's infrastructure.
Correlation of the partition coefficient with the molecular transform index in series of organophosphorus compounds

The molecular transform index (FTm) is a unitary representation of a molecule based on a Fourier operation on the bond distance or graphical descriptor matrices of the structure while incorporating the atomic number of the constituent atoms. In a series consisting of phosphonates, phosphonothionates, and a phosphinate, the FTm gave an excellent linear correlation (R = 0.91) with experimentally determined octanol/water partition coefficients (log Po/w). In a second group containing phosphonofluoridates, thionophosphonofluoridates, and phosphoramidofluoridates, the FTm correlation with log Po/w, calculated by the π-fragment method, served to separate the fluoridates and amidates as structural subclasses. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.1
On the meaning of geodetic orientation

After deriving models for changes of coordinates and azimuths due to rotations, the investigation considers methods for modeling terrestrial orientation in adjustments of geodetic networks. If a misorientation of a geodetic network exists, this can be due to systematic errors in astronomic longitude or in astronomic azimuth, or in both. A separation of these two effects is not possible in practice. The initial azimuth at the datum origin contributes to the orientation only as much as any other azimuth of the same weight.
Approaches and agents for imaging the vascular system

Several classes of vascular imaging agents are described: (1) liposome-based blood cell mimetics; (2) plasma protein mimetics; (3) small molecules that bind to plasma proteins in the circulation. The characteristic features of the different agents are described and critically compared, including the advantages and potential pitfalls of each individual type.
Effects of general and broad cognitive abilities on mathematics achievement.

This study investigated the direct and indirect effects of general intelligence and 7 broad cognitive abilities on mathematics achievement. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the simultaneous effects of both general and broad cognitive abilities on students’ mathematics achievement. A hierarchical model of intelligence derived from the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) taxonomy of intelligence was used for all analyses. The participants consisted of 4 age-differentiated subsamples (ranging from ages 5 to 19) from the standardization sample of the Woodcock–Johnson III (WJ III; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001). Data from each of the 4 age-differentiated subsamples were divided into 2 data sets. At each age level, one data set was used for model testing and modification, and a second data set was used for model validation. The following CHC broad cognitive ability factors demonstrated statistically significant direct effects on the mathematics achievement variables: Fluid Reasoning, Crystallized Intelligence, and Processing Speed. In contrast, across all age levels, the general intelligence factor demonstrated indirect effects on the mathematics achievement variable.
Remote sensing of ocean color and aerosol properties: resolving the issue of aerosol absorption.

Current atmospheric correction and aerosol retrieval algorithms for ocean color sensors use measurements of the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance in the near infrared, where the contribution from the ocean is known for case 1 waters, to assess the aerosol optical properties. Such measurements are incapable of distinguishing between weakly and strongly absorbing aerosols, and the atmospheric correction and aerosol retrieval algorithms fail if the incorrect absorption properties of the aerosol are assumed. We present an algorithm that appears promising for the retrieval of in-water biophysical properties and aerosol optical properties in atmospheres containing both weakly and strongly absorbing aerosols. By using the entire spectrum available to most ocean color instruments (412–865 nm), we simultaneously recover the ocean’s bio-optical properties and a set of aerosol models that best describes the aerosol optical properties. The algorithm is applied to simulated situations that are likely to occur off the U.S. East Coast in summer when the aerosols could be of the locally generated weakly absorbing Maritime type or of the pollution-generated strongly absorbing urban-type transported over the ocean by the winds. The simulations show that the algorithm behaves well in an atmosphere with either weakly or strongly absorbing aerosol. The algorithm successfully identifies absorbing aerosols and provides close values for the aerosol optical thickness. It also provides excellent retrievals of the ocean bio-optical properties. The algorithm uses a bio-optical model of case 1 waters and a set of aerosol models for its operation. The relevant parameters of both the ocean and atmosphere are systematically varied to find the best (in a rms sense) fit to the measured top-of-the-atmosphere spectral reflectance. Examples are provided that show the algorithm’s performance in the presence of errors, e.g., error in the contribution from whitecaps and error in radiometric calibration.
An Exploratory Study Among HRM Professionals of Moral Recognition in Off-Shoring Decisions: The Roles of Perceived Magnitude of Consequences, Time Pressure, Cognitive and Affective Empathy, and Prior Knowledge

Off-shoring is a business decision increasingly being considered as a strategic option to effect expected cost savings. This exploratory study focuses on the moral recognition of off-shoring using ...
Contingent Communities: Regional Ethnic Mobilization in the Yeltsin Era

Scholars disagree regarding the interests and impulses that drive secessionist ethnic nationalism. In Constructing Grievance: Ethnic Nationalism in Russia’s Republics, Elise Giuliano argues that, in the first decade of the Russian Federation’s independence, nationalist groups that highlighted economic discrimination by ethnic Russians against titular ethnic minorities were more able to spark ethnic and territorial separatist demands. She argues that the precise nature of economic experience, where often the actual economic discrimination was more ambiguous than that perceived, was less important than the nationalist groups’ message. In all, this book offers a compelling counterpoint to other work on ethnic separatism in Russia, which has emphasized long-standing historical grievances, institutional legacies, and the interests of political entrepreneurs rather than public interests.
DEFORMATION INDEX : CONCEPT FOR HYSTERETIC ENERGY-LOSS PROCESS

Abstract The concept of deformation index can be effectively used to determine the relevant dynamic viscoelastic property which best correlates with the performance of the rubbery material. The concept also indicates the type of deformation that may govern a complex energy loss process, although, in this study, the underlying physical process was not experimentally identified.
Enhancing Importance-Performance Analysis Through Segmentation

Abstract This article demonstrates how importance-performance analysis (IPA) and segmentation can be effectively used as a tool to measure user satisfaction with the recreational opportunities in a parks and recreation district of a gateway community. Data were obtained from three different segments of the gateway population-year-round residents, seasonal residents, and tourists. Results indicated that importance-performance evaluations varied among the three segments. Segmentation was found to be a necessary component of IPA in order to identify differences between distinct user groups that allow for more accurate planning and decision making. Additionally this article examines how the adjustment of importance and performance crosshairs can enhance IPA beyond more traditional approaches.
Trypsin IV, a novel agonist of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4

Certain serine proteases signal to cells by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs) and thereby regulate hemostasis, inflammation, pain and healing. However, in many tissues the proteases that activate PARs are unknown. Although pancreatic trypsin may be a physiological agonist of PAR(2) and PAR(4) in the small intestine and pancreas, these receptors are expressed by cells not normally exposed pancreatic trypsin. We investigated whether extrapancreatic forms of trypsin are PAR agonists. Epithelial cells lines from prostate, colon, and airway and human colonic mucosa expressed mRNA encoding PAR(2), trypsinogen IV, and enteropeptidase, which activates the zymogen. Immunoreactive trypsinogen IV was detected in vesicles in these cells. Trypsinogen IV was cloned from PC-3 cells and expressed in CHO cells, where it was also localized to cytoplasmic vesicles. We expressed trypsinogen IV with an N-terminal Igkappa signal peptide to direct constitutive secretion and allow enzymatic characterization. Treatment of conditioned medium with enteropeptidase reduced the apparent molecular mass of trypsinogen IV from 36 to 30 kDa and generated enzymatic activity, consistent with formation of trypsin IV. In contrast to pancreatic trypsin, trypsin IV was completely resistant to inhibition by polypeptide inhibitors. Exposure of cell lines expressing PAR(2) and PAR(4) to trypsin IV increased [Ca(2+)](i) and strongly desensitized cells to PAR agonists, whereas there were no responses in cells lacking these receptors. Thus, trypsin IV is a potential agonist of PAR(2) and PAR(4) in epithelial tissues where its resistance to endogenous trypsin inhibitors may permit prolonged signaling.