cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovering Feminist Criticism: Modern Women Writers and Feminist Periodical Studies

The new periodical studies offers material for those interested in feminist criticism and the study of the modernist woman writer (or those interested in early twentieth-century women’s writing defined more broadly). Modern periodicals such as little magazines, women’s magazines, feminist papers, literary reviews give us access not only to understudied or little known modern women writers but also, in book reviews and critical essays, give us examples of a feminist literary criticism devoted to understanding the problem of the woman writer.
Goal-Directed Completion Using SOUR Graphs

We give the first Goal-Directed version of the Knuth Bendix Completion Procedure. Our procedure is based on Basic Completion and SOUR Graphs. There are two phases to the procedure. The first phase, which runs in polynomial time, compiles the equations and the goal into a constrained tree automata representing the completed system, and a set of constraints representing goal solutions. The second phase starts with the goal solutions and works its way back to the original equations, solving constraints along the way.
Hyperlipidemia in pediatric kidney transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adult kidney transplant (Tx) recipients. We sought to determine the prevalence of, and the risk factors associated with, hyperlipidemia in pediatric kidney Tx recipients on cyclosporine (CsA). We identified 59 patients (mean age 8.2±5.7 years) transplanted between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1993. Pre Tx, 34% had elevated total cholesterol [TC >200 mg/dl (5.17 mmol/l)]; 54% had elevated triglycerides [TG >200 mg/dl (2.26 mmol/L)]. Mean TG was higher pre Tx in dialysis (versus nondialysis) patients: 306 mg/dl (3.46 mmol/l) versus 228 mg/dl (2.58 mmol/l) (P=0.04). Mean TC was higher in peritoneal dialysis than hemodialysis patients: 222 mg/dl (5.74 mmol/l) versus 169 mg/dl (4.37 mmol/l) (P=0.03). Pre Tx and 3-year values correlated (TC, r=0.49, P=0.0008; TG, r=0.41, P=0.001); 3- and 5-year TC values correlated (r=0.57, P=0.003). At 5 years post Tx, 41% of the recipients had elevated TC; 14% had elevated TG. Recipients with elevated TC had higher mean CsA concentrations at 1 year post Tx (P=0.03). Recipients with elevated TG tended to receive more prednisone (P=0.06). At 5 years post Tx, recipients had a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia. The identification and treatment of hyperlipidemia should be included in pediatric kidney Tx protocols.
Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained inhibitors of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load and has led to a dramatic decrease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related mortality. Despite this success, there remains a critical need for new HIV therapies to address the emergence of drug resistant viral strains. Next generation NNRTIs are sought that are effective against these mutant forms of the HIV virus. The bound conformations of our lead inhibitors, MK-1107 (1) and MK-4965 (2), were divergent about the oxymethylene linker, and each of these conformations was rigidified using two isomeric cyclic constraints. The constraint derived from the bioactive conformation of 2provided novel, highly potent NNRTIs that possess broad spectrum antiviral activity and good pharmacokinetic profiles. Systematic SAR led to the identification of indazole as the optimal conformational constraint to provide MK-6186 (3) and MK-7445 (6). Despite their reduced flexibility, these compounds had po...
TU-G-BRB-03: Iterative Optimization of Normalized Transmission Maps for IMRT Using Arbitrary Beam Profiles.

Purpose: Newly available flattening filter free (FFF) beam increases the dose rate by 3∼6 times at the central axis. In reality, even flattening filtered beam is not perfectly flat. In addition, the beam profiles across different fields may not have the same amplitude. The existing inverse planning formalism based on the total‐variation of intensity (or fluence) map cannot consider these properties of beam profiles. The purpose of this work is to develop a novel dose optimization scheme with incorporation of the inherent beam profiles to maximally utilize the efficacy of arbitrary beam profiles while preserving the convexity of the optimization problem. Methods: To increase the accuracy of the problem formalism, we decompose the fluence map as an elementwise multiplication of the inherent beam profile and a normalized transmission map (NTM). Instead of attempting to optimize the fluence maps directly, we optimize the NTMs and beam profiles separately. A least‐squares problem constrained by total‐variation of NTMs is developed to derive the optimal fluence maps that balances the dose conformality and FFF beam delivery efficiency. With the resultant NTMs, we find beam profiles to renormalized NTMs. The proposed method iteratively optimizes and renormalizes NTMs in a closed loop manner. Results: The advantage of the proposed method is demonstrated by using a head‐neck case with flat beam profiles and a prostate case with non‐flat beam profiles. The obtained NTMs achieve more conformal dose distribution while preserving piecewise constancy compared to the existing solution. Conclusions: The proposed formalism has two major advantages over the conventional inverse planning schemes: (1) it provides a unified framework for inverse planning with beams of arbitrary fluence profiles, including treatment with beams of mixed fluence profiles; (2) the use of total‐variation constraints on NTMs allows us to optimally balance the dose confromality and deliverability for a given beam configuration. This project was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (0854492), National Cancer Institute (1R01 CA104205), and Leading Foreign Research Institute Recruitment Program by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (K20901000001‐09E0100‐00110). To the authors' best knowledgement, there is no conflict interest.
The control of leukocyte glycolysis.

lsolated human blood leukocytes have a predominantly aerobic glycolytic metabolism, but the rates of lactic acid production per cell are significantly lower in chronic myelocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia leukocytes than in normal ones. An attempt was made to explain these differences by identifying the rate-limiting or master reaction in the three tissues. (C.H.)
Statistics of low-density microcellular materials

The statistics of random cellular patterns are analyzed in cross sections of low-density microcellular materials. Agreement is found with a variety of topological relations previously found for other networks, namely Lewis’s law and Aboav’s law. To investigate three-dimensional packing effects, experiments are performed on compressed polystyrene shot material, the resulting networks of which are subsequently analyzed in cross section. Implications for material properties and stability are discussed.
Anomalous coronary artery, aortic dissection, and acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract The combination of acute coronary occlusion and aortic dissection because of involvement of one or other coronary vessels in the dissection flap is uncommon. Furthermore, the occurrence of an anomalous coronary artery and its involvement in acute myocardial infarction is even more uncommon. We describe a patient with acute myocardial infarction in whom an acute aortic dissection involved the ostium of an anomalous circumflex artery. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12:326-30.)
Liver metastases from unknown primary site: demonstration on MR images

Abstract To demonstrate the MR imaging features of liver metastases in patients with the clinical and histologic diagnosis of tumors of unknown primary tumors, a retrospective 7-year study was performed that included a total of 14 consecutive patients (7 men and 7 women; age range, 39-82 years; mean age, 60.6 years) with liver metastases from unknown primary site who had undergone MR imaging. The following lesion features were evaluated: a) number, b) diameter, c) signal intensity on T1 and T 2 -weighted images, and d) pattern of enhancement on immediate, 45 s and 90 s post gadolinium images. Lesions were classified as hypovascular, hypervascular and nearly isovascular relative to liver parenchyma as shown on immediate post gadolinium images. Patients were separated into four major groups, related to the histologic diagnosis of the lesions: (I) poorly differentiated neoplasms; (II) well-differentiated and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; (III) squamous cell carcinoma; (IV) combined poorly differentiated carcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. MRI findings were correlated with histologic information obtained by chart review and confirmed by retrospective histopathology review. All patients had the histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma: 8 patients belonged to group II (1 patient with the subtype well-differentiated and 7 patients with the subtype moderately differentiated) and 6 patients to group IV. Eleven patients (79%) presented with multiple lesions distributed throughout both hepatic lobes; 3 patients exhibited solitary lesions. All solitary metastases possessed a diameter equal or larger than 5 cm. Patients with multiple metastases demonstrated a wide range of diameter, ranging from less than 1.5 cm to more than 5 cm. Regarding lesion vascularity, 4 of 13 of the patients had hypovascular metastases and 9 of 13 of the patients had hypervascular lesions. One patient demonstrated both types of lesions. Five of six patients with the histopathologic diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma demonstrated hypervascular metastases. Solitary metastases were most often hypovascular (2 of 3); however no correlation with the histologic subtype was possible. Liver metastases from unknown primary site are often multiple and often hypervascular. Poorly differentiated tumors are the most common histologic type. Metastases are not uncommonly hypovascular, and these are often solitary.
Theoretical investigation of molecular water adsorption on the Al(111) surface

Abstract Cluster calculations are used to theoretically investigate the interaction of water at low surface coverages with the Al (111 ) surface. Adsorption geometries, vibrational frequencies and binding energies are computed. Molecular water is found to adsorb at an Al on-top site and the computed vibrational frequencies agree well with data from HREELS experiments. However, in contrast to the experimental interpretation which assigns a 3720 cm−1 band to a hydroxyl stretch, the calculations indicate there is little water dissociation taking place at this stage and we reassign the 3720 cm−1 band to the symmetric OH stretch in water. We also propose refinements to the previous experimental assignments for some of the low frequency modes. A novel feature of the calculations presented is that they model adsorption induced surface relaxation effects on the Al substrate. Significant relaxation effects are found although, unlike for the adsorbate geometry, the substrate geometries do not converge rapidly with cluster size.
Stop Whining about Outsourcing!: I’m sick of hearing all the whining about how outsourcing is going to migrate all IT jobs to the country with the lowest wages.

The paranoia inspired by this domino theory of job migration causes American and West European programmers to worry about India, Indian programmers to worry about China, Chinese programmers to worry about the Czech Republic, and so on. Domino theorists must think all IT jobs will go to the Republic of Elbonia, the extremely poor, fourth-world, Eastern European country featured in the Dilbert comic strip.
Leukemia inhibitory factor signaling is implicated in embrionic development of the HPA axis

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is expressed in the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulates pitu- itary POMC transcription. The role of LIF receptor signaling in HPA axis development was examined. Lifr / and Lifr +/+ fe- tuses were obtained by Cesarean section on E18.5. Despite a 3- fold induction of hypothalamic CRH mRNA, pituitary POMC mRNA and RU486-induced ACTH levels were decreased in Lifr / mice. High CRH may be caused by increased central TNFa and IL-6 expression. Lifr / mice demonstrate elevated pitui- tary glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor mRNA and protein levels, indicating the importance of LIF sig- naling for HPA axis development. 2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of chain terminated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-functionalized perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether copolymers

Abstract A new class of perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers covalently functionalized with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is presented. Three discreetly functionalized POSS monomers possessing thermally reactive trifluorovinyl aryl ether (TFVE) were prepared in good yields. The POSS TFVE monomers were prepared by initial corner-capping of cyclopentyl (–C 5 H 9 ), iso -butyl (–CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), or trifluoropropyl (–CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 ) functionalized POSS trisilanols with acetoxyethyltrichlorosilane followed by sequential acid-catalyzed deprotection and coupling with 4-(trifluorovinyloxy)benzoic acid. TFVE-functionalized POSS monomers were thermally polymerized with 4,4′-bis(4-trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl or 2,2-bis(4-trifluorovinyloxybiphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane monomers via a condensate-free, [2 + 2] step-growth polymerization. The polymerization afforded solution processable PFCB polymers with POSS macromer installed on the polymer chain ends. POSS monomers and their corresponding copolymers were characterized by 1 H, 13 C, 19 F, and 29 Si NMR, GPC, ATR-FTIR, and elemental combustion analysis. GPC trace analysis showed agreeable number-average molecular weight for various weight percent of cyclopentyl or iso -butyl and trifluoropropyl chain terminated POSS PFCB copolymers. DSC analysis showed the introduction of increasing POSS weight percent in the endcapped PFCB copolymers lowers the glass transition temperatures as high as 31 °C. On the other hand, the trifluoropropyl POSS endcapped PFCB polymer glass transition temperature was unaffected when copolymerized with the more fluorinated 2,2-bis(4-trifluorovinyloxybiphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane monomer. TGA analysis of POSS PFCB copolymers showed step-wise decomposition of copolymers resulting from the initial degradation of the POSS cages at 297–355 °C in nitrogen and air which was confirmed by pyrolysis coupled with GC–MS. This initial weight loss was proportional to the weight percent of POSS incorporated into the polymer. The balance of decomposition was observed at 450–563 °C in nitrogen and air which is higher than the PFCB homopolymers in most cases. Polymer surface characterization was performed on spin cast transparent, flexible films. These composite films exhibited good POSS dispersion within the matrix PFCB polymer as was shown by TEM analysis.
Atrial fibrillation ablation in cor triatriatum: value of intracardiac echocardiography

A 72-year old male, referred for percutaneous atrial fibrillation ablation, was found to have cor triatriatum during routine, pre-procedural transesophageal echocardiography. Accessing the superior pulmonary venous atrium and wide area circumferential ablation was guided by intracardiac echocardiography and performed without complications. The patient remains symptom-free, off anti-arrhythmic drug therapy, for 6 months following ablation. In this report, we emphasize the value of using intracardiac echocardiography during catheter ablation in patients with cor triatriatum.
The concept of available energy

Abstract The primary objectives of this paper are: 1. To present an available energy balance reflecting the Second Law of Thermodynamics to complement the macroscopic balances of Bird which are dictated by conservation of mass, the laws of motion and the First Law of Thermodynamics. 2. To develop an equation which relates the loss of available energy to the entropy production. 3. To point out that the dead state (the state of zero available energy) is a variable for the open system. The equations are valid, in general, for chemically reacting or non-reacting systems, with or without diffusion. Although the potential energy term implies like conservative body forces on each constituent the equations can be extended to include unlike and/or time-dependent body forces; this is accomplished with the generalized definition of potential energy presented earlier ([7], first footnote).
The role of satisfying tasks and organisational support in the job attitudes of sporting goods retail employees

The purpose of this study was to explore antecedents of affective organisational commitment and job satisfaction in sporting goods retail employees. A sample of 97 employees from 11 sporting goods stores in Southeast USA was used to test hypotheses that intrinsically satisfying tasks and perceived organisational support would positively impact both job satisfaction and affective commitment. Results affirmed the hypotheses. Findings specific to the construct of intrinsically satisfying tasks are discussed as potentially meaningful evidence that employees in the sport industry may derive psychological benefits at work from association with the firm's products. Recommendations to managers of sporting goods retail employees are forwarded.
The simultaneous separation and washing of erythrocytes

Abstract Erythrocytes may be prepared by centrifugation of a layer of diluted whole blood through isoosmotic sucrose of slightly less specific gravity than erythrocytes. Erythrocytes so prepared were compared with those prepared by repeated washing with isoosmotic saline. No statistically significant differences were found in acetylcholinesterase, fluoride or creatinine concentrations in erythrocytes prepared in this manner. The active transport mechanisms excluding sodium and transporting selenate were unchanged by the procedure. A considerable savings in time is achieved using the proposed procedure for the routine preparation of erythrocytes.
Fluorescence enhancement and energy transport from bioconjugation between nanowires and nanoparticles

Photoluminescence (PL) enhancements of CdTe nanoparticles (NPs) and nanowires (NWs) are observed with the bioconjugation of metal NPs using d-biotin and streptavidin in solution. In the presence of metallic nanoparticles, strong enhancement of excitonic light emission of nanoparticles is observed. The enhancement effect is explained in terms of plasmon-assisted absorption of incident light and plasmon-induced increase of nanoparticles dipole moments. This supermolecules and bioconjugates system can be useful to build further efficient photonic devices and biological sensors.
Low-pressure packed-bed gas phase conversion of glycerol to acetol

This article describes the investigations carried out on the vapor-phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol to acetol over a copper-chromite catalyst in a packed bed flow reactor. The effects of reaction method (liquid-phase vs. vapor-phase mode), vapor-phase reaction with gas feed, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and hydrogen feed rate were studied to arrive at optimum conditions. Operating the reactor in vapor-phase mode dramatically reduced the amount of undesired by-product formation, and thereby increased the overall yield of acetol and propylene glycol. The optimum reaction temperature is near 220°C. Higher hydrogen feed rates increased propylene glycol selectivity. The proposed production scheme has application for production of both acetol and propylene glycol from the crude glycerol that contains various soluble salts. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
The measurement of employment diversity for states and regions

This paper uses an index to measure the level of employment diversity at the state level of two periods spanning two decades. The index is based on aggregating employment at eight major sectors. The findings indicate a movement toward more specialization in the latter period (2000) as compared to an earlier period (1970s).
Studies on adrenocortical function in relation to the nephrotic syndrome.

OBSERVATIONS on the stimulation of the adrenal cortex by ACTH (Armour) in the nephrotic syndrome were reported in October, 1949 (1). Massive release of edema fluid with a reduction in the level of serum cholesterol and an increase in the level of serum proteins, during or immediately following the experimental period, were the major findings. Further experiences with ACTH in nephrosis were subsequently reported (2–7). Although the majority of remissions so induced were incomplete, the observations showed the importance of investigation directed toward 1) the pituitary-adrenal complex as a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of nephrosis, or 2) the nephrotic syndrome as a disturbance peculiarly adapted to display the actions of adrenocorticotropin. The studies which are presented here were therefore organized for the purpose of determining or assaying 1) the condition of the adrenals before treatment, 2) the degree of activation obtained, 3) the correlation of glandular activity with clinical results, ...
Predator–prey dynamics with square root functional responses

Abstract A predator–prey model is considered in which a modified Lotka–Volterra interaction term is used as the functional response of the predator to the prey. The interaction term is proportional to the square root of the prey population, which appropriately models systems in which the prey exhibits strong herd structure implying that the predator generally interacts with the prey along the outer corridor of the herd. Because of the square root term, the solution behavior near the origin is more subtle and interesting than standard models and makes sense ecologically.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mutations Have the Greatest Destabilizing Effect on the Apo- and Reduced Form of SOD1, Leading to Unfolding and Oxidative Aggregation

Mutant forms of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) that cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exhibit toxicity that promotes the death of motor neurons. Proposals for the toxic properties typically involve aberrant catalytic activities or protein aggregation. The striking thermodynamic stability of mature forms of the ALS mutant SOD1 (Tm>70 degrees C) is not typical of protein aggregation models that involve unfolding. Over 44 states of the polypeptide are possible, depending upon metal occupancy, disulfide status, and oligomeric state; however, it is not clear which forms might be responsible for toxicity. Recently the intramolecular disulfide has been shown to be required for SOD1 activity, leading us to examine these states of several disease-causing SOD1 mutants. We find that ALS mutations have the greatest effect on the most immature form of SOD1, destabilizing the metal-free and disulfide-reduced polypeptide to the point that it is unfolded at physiological temperatures (Tm<37 degrees C). We also find that immature states of ALS mutant (but not wild type) proteins readily form oligomers at physiological concentrations. Furthermore, these oligomers are more susceptible to mild oxidative stress, which promotes incorrect disulfide cross-links between conserved cysteines and drives aggregation. Thus it is the earliest disulfide-reduced polypeptides in the SOD1 assembly pathway that are most destabilized with respect to unfolding and oxidative aggregation by ALS-causing mutations.
On the correlation of a group of rankings with an external ordering relative to the internal concordance

Abstract A method is presented for comparing the strength of agreement of a group rankings with an external ordering to the corresponding measure of concordance within the group. While the procedure is not model dependent, we illustrate the characteristics of interest using an existing model for a nonnull distribution for a population of rankings. U -statistics and a jackknife with adjusted degrees of freedom are employed to set approximate confidence intervals on the contrast between the two measures of rank order agreement.
Initial observations of high-charge, low-emittance electron beams at HIBAF☆

Abstract We report our initial measurements of bright (high-charge, low-emittance) electron beams generated at the Los Alamos high brightness accelerator FEL (HIBAF) facility. Normalized emittance values of less than 50π mm mrad for charges ranging from 0.7 to 8.7 nC were obtained for single micropulses at a y -waist and at an energy of 14.7 MeV. These measurements were part of the commissioning campaign on the HIBAF photoelectric injector. Macropulse measurements have also been performed and are compared with integrated numerical experiment (INEX) calculations.
Secretory Protein Biogenesis and Traffic in the Early Secretory Pathway

The secretory pathway is responsible for the synthesis, folding, and delivery of a diverse array of cellular proteins. Secretory protein synthesis begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is charged with the tasks of correctly integrating nascent proteins and ensuring correct post-translational modification and folding. Once ready for forward traffic, proteins are captured into ER-derived transport vesicles that form through the action of the COPII coat. COPII-coated vesicles are delivered to the early Golgi via distinct tethering and fusion machineries. Escaped ER residents and other cycling transport machinery components are returned to the ER via COPI-coated vesicles, which undergo similar tethering and fusion reactions. Ultimately, organelle structure, function, and cell homeostasis are maintained by modulating protein and lipid flux through the early secretory pathway. In the last decade, structural and mechanistic studies have added greatly to the strong foundation of yeast genetics on which this field was built. Here we discuss the key players that mediate secretory protein biogenesis and trafficking, highlighting recent advances that have deepened our understanding of the complexity of this conserved and essential process.
Life histories and geographic distributions of two leafminers, Tildenia georgei and T. inconspicuella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), on solanaceous weeds.

Life histories and geographic ranges of two host-specific leafminers are compared. The irregularly shaped blotch mines of Tildenia georgei Hodges on Physalis heterophylla Nees were found on all parts of the leaf, in buds, and in tied leaves. Silk and frass were deposited externally and larvae moved freely to new mines and leaves. T. inconspicuella (Murtfeldt) formed blotch mines on leaf margins of Solanum carolinense L. Silk and frass were deposited internally. Both species had five larval instars. Development times were not different but T. inconspicuella was slightly heavier. Both were multivoltine with overlapping generations. T. georgei was found in the midwestern United States and T. inconspicuella in the Midwest, South, and East.
IMF-Supported Stabilization Programs and their Critics: Evidence from the Recent Experience of Egypt

Abstract The IMF-supported stabilization and structural adjustment programs implemented by Egypt in the 1990s were successful in meeting their objectives, and when compared with earlier attempts and the experience of other developing countries. The authorities undertook a sharp reduction in the government's overall deficit and its central bank financing allowing for increased credit availability to the private sector within a framework of a rapidly decelerating monetary expansion. Despite initiating comprehensive market reforms that significantly improved the environment for private investment, the response of the private sector has been disappointing. It is argued that until institutional, regulatory and political constraints are removed, Egypt will not join the group of high-investing and fast-growing economies.
A Simplified Coupled Model of Extended-Range Predictability

Abstract A simplified coupled atmosphere-ocean model is used to explore the influence of evolving midlatitude sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the theoretical extended-range predictability of the atmospheric wintertime circulation in the Northern Hemisphere. After approximately two weeks, SST anomalies begin to significantly influence the overlying atmospheric flow, compared to flow over the climatological SST field. If the evolving sea surface temperature field is specified from model “observed” flows, then predictions of atmospheric time-averaged flow, for one month and longer averages, are significantly enhanced over predictions based on the atmospheric model with climatological SST. Predictions using the coupled model, however, are not significantly different from predictions using the atmospheric model with persistent SST anomalies, because SST anomalies are forced increasingly erroneously by atmospheric variables that rapidly lose their predictability.
Unpredictability of complex (pure) strategies

Abstract Unpredictable behavior is central to optimal play in many strategic situations because predictable patterns leave players vulnerable to exploitation. A theory of unpredictable behavior based on differential complexity constraints is presented in the context of repeated two-person zero-sum games. Each player's complexity constraint is represented by an endowed oracle and a strategy is feasible if it can be implemented with an oracle machine using that oracle. When one player's oracle is sufficiently more complex than the other player's, an equilibrium exists with one player fully exploiting the other. If each player has an incompressible sequence (relative to the opponent's oracle) according to Kolmogorov complexity, an equilibrium exists in which equilibrium payoffs are equal to those of the stage game and all equilibrium strategies are unpredictable. A full characterization of history-independent equilibrium strategies is also obtained.
Correlation between the acute toxicity and the rate of elimination of tartaric acid and certain of its esters

A report is presented on the results of a comparative study of the acute toxicity and the rate of renal excretion of tartaric acid following administration of tartaric acid, diacetyl tartaric acid, and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mixed mono- and diglycerides obtained from natural fats. The toxicity of the first two compounds has been correlated with their high rate of renal excretion. The mixed mono- and diglycerides have been found to be well absorbed from the intestinal tract, to show no acute toxicity in large doses, and to result in the available tartaric acid being slowly excreted by the kidney.
Meganthropus cranial fossils from Java

There are now twelve significant hominid cranial fossils from the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Java, all but two being from the Sangiran site. Most of this material is well-known in the literature, but three skulls, possibly representing “Meganthropus” are here described in detail for the first time. Most scholars have assigned them all toHomo erectus, while others have suggested that they represent as many as four different hominoid taxa. The author argues that they represent two possible species of hominids. “Meganthropus” I, II, and III are more massive than any of the knownH. erectus specimens. They are also relatively higher vaulted, apparently smaller brained, and have unusually thick lower occipital planes. “Meganthropus” may represent a species that separated fromH. erectus upon its arrival to Java.
Microdetermination of esculetin in Nicotiana tabacum.

Abstract A glc method has been described for the quantitative analysis of tobacco (and other plant tissue) for esculetin (as free esculetin and the glucosides esculin or cichoriin) which used tritium-foil electron-capture detection of as little as 15 ng esculetin. Polyphenols were directly extracted from plant material, using n -propanol, and the esculetin glucoside was hydrolyzed with n -propanol saturated with HCl gas to produce free esculetin. After silylation, the TMS-esculetin was separated on 10% OV-101, with caffeic acid n -butyl ester as the internal standard.
The Korteweg-de Vries equation: its place in the development of nonlinear physics

This article puts Korteweg and de Vries's manuscript (published in the Philosophical Magazine in 1895) in historical context. The article highlights the importance of the Korteweg–de Vries equation in the development of concepts used in nonlinear physics and also mentions some of their recent applications.
Supporting group decisions by mediating deliberation to improve information pooling

Group decision support systems (GDSS) hold significant potential for improving decision making, but they have not been broadly adopted. One reason for this is that these platforms introduce representational work for users that is distinct from a more familiar deliberative interaction but they offer uncertain payoff. This article presents a study with a platform that addresses this problem by leveraging the argumentative structure of deliberative conversation to drive a decision support algorithm. The platform uses argument visualization to mediate the collaborators' conversation. The study demonstrates that the platform addresses a known deficiency in human information pooling called the common knowledge phenomenon.
Involvement of Akt in preconditioning-induced tolerance to ischemia in PC12 cells.

The serine–threonine protein kinase Akt has been identified as an important mediator of cell survival able to counteract apoptotic stimuli. However, hibernation, a model of natural tolerance to cerebral ischemia, is associated with downregulation of Akt. We previously established a model of ischemic tolerance in a PC12 cell line and using this model we now addressed the question whether ischemic tolerance also downregulates Akt in PC12 cells. Kinetic studies showed decreased Akt phosphorylation in tolerized cells. Similarly, phosphorylated levels of three major targets of Akt and well-known proapoptotic factors, the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), a Forkhead family member, FoxO4, and the protein murine double minute 2 (MDM2), all inactivated upon phosphorylation by Akt, were decreased in preconditioned cells. In addition, pharmacological blockade of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway reduced cell death induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and increased the protective effect of preconditioning (PC). Furthermore, decreasing availability of P-Akt by transfecting PC12 cells with constructs of inactive Akt also resulted in protection against OGD and potentiation of the protective effect of PC. Depending on the environment, GSK-3, FOXO-4, and MDM2 can trigger apoptotic responses or cell cycle arrest, and thus, in a situation of reduced energy, driving the cells into a state of quiescence might be neuroprotective. This work suggests that in the context of tolerance downregulation of Akt is beneficial.
Multidisciplinary design optimization on vehicle tailor rolled blank design

Tailor rolled blank (TRB) is an emerging steel rolling process to produce lightweight vehicle components. It allows continuous metal thickness changes, and as a result, it offers opportunities for automotive design in weight reduction, part complexity reduction, reduced capital investment, yet, maintains equal to or better strength characteristics. The objective of this research is to take advantages of the TRB manufacturing technology and combine with the advanced multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) methodology to optimize vehicle structure. The process begins with noise vibration and harshness (NVH) optimization. The outputs of the optimal NVH response sensitivities are employed to build the first order response surface models. Uniform Latin Hypercube sampling and subset selection regression methods are used to construct the response surface models for the highly nonlinear impact and seatbelt pull responses. The optimal NVH design is then used as the starting point for MDO to obtain the optimal thickness profiles for the TRB parts. A vehicle application considering multiple impact modes, seatbelt pulls, and NVH, is used to demonstrate the proposed process for vehicle underbody TRB design. Results of this MDO TRB study is presented and discussed.
The Structure of Nickel Chloride in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Chloride/Aluminum Chloride: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

The structure of anhydrous nickel chloride in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride has been investigated with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) in both Lewis acid and Lewis base solutions. The EXAFS data of NiCl{sub 2} {center_dot} 6H{sub 2}O crystals were also recorded and analyzed to demonstrate the difference file technique. The difference file technique is used to obtain the structural information for the very closely spaced coordination shells of chloride and oxygen in NiCl{sub 2} {center_dot} 6H{sub 2}O and they are found to agree very closely with the X-ray diffraction data. The difference file technique is then used to analyze the nickel chloride in the ionic liquid solutions. Even though anhydrous NiCl{sub 2} is more soluble in the basic solution than in the acidic solution, the EXAFS data show a single coordination of four chlorides in a tetrahedron around the nickel atom in the basic solution. In a weak acid solution, there are six chlorides in a single octahedral coordination shell around the nickel. However, in a strong acid solution, in addition to the octahedral chloride-coordination shell, there is a second coordination shell of eight aluminum atoms in the form of a simple cube.
A long-term in vitro silicon-based microelectrode-neuron connection

A novel method for long-term recording and simulation applicable to cultured neurons has been developed. Silicon-based microelectrodes have been fabricated using integrated-circuit technology and micromachining. The chronic connection is made by positioning the tip of the 'diving-board electrode' into contact with the top of the cell body. The electrode support structure is then glued to the bottom of the culture dish. Two-way electrical connections to Helisoma B19 neurons have been maintained for up to four days. This capability makes it possible to conduct experiments that are not practical using conventional techniques. >
Fluidity and supercriticality of the QCD matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Author(s): Liao, J; Koch, V | Abstract: In this paper we discuss the fluidity of the hot and dense QCD matter created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions in comparison with various other fluids and, in particular, suggest its possible supercriticality. After examining the proper way to compare nonrelativistic and relativistic fluids from both thermodynamic and hydrodynamic perspectives, we propose a new fluidity measure that shows certain universality for a remarkable diversity of critical fluids. We then demonstrate that a fluid in its supercritical regime has its fluidity considerably enhanced. This result may suggest a possible relationship between the seemingly good fluidity of the QCD matter produced in heavy ion collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=200A GeV and the supercriticality of this matter with respect to the critical end point on the QCD phase diagram. Based on this observation, we predict an even better fluidity of the matter to be created in heavy ion collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies and the loss of good fluidity at certain, lower beam energy. Finally, based on our criteria, we analyze the suitability of a hydrodynamic description for the fireball evolution in heavy ion collisions at various energies. © 2010 The American Physical Society.
The Performance of Younger and Older Adults With Retardation on a Series of Language Tasks

Three experiments were performed with groups of persons with mild to moderate levels of retardation between the ages of 20 to 36 and 55 to 77 years. The ability of these subjects to perform language tasks with heavy processing demands was examined. These tasks included following syntactically complex directions, recalling facts from an expository passage (fact recall), and retelling a narrative passage (story recall). The abilities of subjects in the two groups were examined and performance was compared. It was found that the performance of the subjects did not differ on two of the three tasks. The younger subjects performed significantly better than the older subjects on only the fact recall task.
Physiologic Surface-Active Agents and Drug Absorption III: Effect of Bile Salt on Drug Absorption in Goldfish

Sodium taurodeoxycholate significantly increases the uptake of nonionized 4-aminoantipyrine in goldfish. Studies of drug uptake as a function of bile salt concentration suggest that sodium taurodeoxycholate exerts an essentially all-or-none effect which is consistent with a mechanism involving rapid adsorption of the bile salt on the external membranes of the fish and consequent alteration of membrane permeability when a minimum “surface” concentration is reached. Evidence is also presented to demonstrate that the adsorption of 4-aminoantipyrine, in the presence and absence of sodium taurodeoxycholate, involves a passive process.
HLA and H-2

HLA and H-2: Basic Immunogenetics, Biology and Clinical Relevance. By H. Festenstein and P. Demant. Pp. 215. (Edward Arnold: London, 1978.) Paperback £9.
A two-phase second-order reaction: Kinetics of epoxidation of methyl 12,13-epoxyoleate

The kinetics of epoxidation of methyl 12,13-epoxyoleate with peracetic acid have been studied. Chloroform and benzene solvents were used at 25, 30 and 40 C. A second-order equation was developed to determine the rate constants in this two-phase system. Variation of the relative phase volumes provides a convenient method for controlling the rate of reaction. Differences in the ΔS° of activation for the formation of the two isomeric diepoxides were greater than 1 eu in all cases. If the usual integrated second-order equation is used, the rate constant will be in error. The magnitude of the error is related to the partition coefficient of the species distributed between the phases and the volume ratios of the two phases. Other errors in the rate constant were determined by expressing K as a function of time, temperature and the concentration of reactants at any time in the reaction. The total differential of K divided by K, to get the relative error, was evaluated at various reaction times. The choice of best times for the determination of the rate constant was dictated from the error analysis.
Constrained Motion Approach to the Synchronization of the Multiple Coupled Slave Gyroscopes

AbstractA set of n gyroscopes are coupled to form a system of slave gyroscopes. A simple approach is developed for synchronizing the motion of these slave gyroscopes whose individual motion may be regular or chaotic, with the motion of an independent master gyroscope irrespective of the chaotic or regular motion exhibited by the master. The problem of synchronization of these multiple gyroscopes is approached from a constrained motion perspective through the application of the fundamental equation of mechanics. The approach yields explicit, closed-form expressions for the control torques that are required to be applied to each of the coupled slave gyroscopes to achieve exact synchronization with the master’s motion. The influence of different types of interactions between the slave gyroscopes is investigated with an incidence matrix that describes the coupling between any two of them. The effect of the so-called sleeping condition on the synchronization of the gyroscopes is also explored. To illustrate th...
Composition of American distilled tall oils

The composition of the acidic components was determined for a cross section of distilled tall oil products produced in the United States. The composition varied widely as a result of different process designs and operations. Filtration of those products that crystallize offers a potential for upgrading some distilled tall oils. In the course of this work, a new resin acid, 7,15-pimaradien-18-oic acid, was isolated and identified.
Non-Gaussian speckle: a computer simulation.

An investigation of non-Gaussian speckle produced by a random phase screen which has Gaussian probability density function and correlation function is presented using a 1-D computer simulation. Rms phase fluctuations around and greater than 2π rad are considered. The results significantly differ from previous theoretical results. Comparison between the results of the computer simulation and those of early experiments using a ground glass is also given.
Virtual Design and Visual Simulation of Cathode Target on Magnetron Sputtering Coater

In order to solve the traditional problems such as long designing cycle and high designing cost, the research applies the virtual simulation technology to the design of cathode target on magnetron sputtering vacuum coater. Through analyzing, modeling and simulating, the process model of a typical cathode target on magnetron sputtering coater is proposed. The virtual design of cathode target framework based on distributed collaborative simulation is constructed, which provides a theorial basis for the research of virtual design on cathode target.Using Solidworks software, parts modeling and assembly modeling of cathode target are realized. Using ADAMS, the movements of charged particles in magnetic field and high frequency alternating electric field are simulated, and the visual animation simulation of particles movement is achieved. The research demonstrates the feasibility of virtual simulation technology on vacuum coater design.
Occupational stress, life stress and mental health among dentists

This study examined the prediction of occupational stress, general life stress and mental health among 108 randomly sampled dentists who completed mail-survey questionnaires at two points in time. In multiple regression analyses, the outcome variables were the dentists' self-reported general life stress, dental practice-related stress and mental health. Predictors were locus of control, non-verbal expressiveness, age, gender, income, hours worked per year, social desirability response set, and baseline measures of occupational stress and satisfaction with 10 aspects of dental practice: staff; income; professional relations; professional time; delivery of care; patient relations; practice management; personal time; professional environment; and respect received as a dentist. Both dental practice-related stress and general life stress were predicted by baseline occupational stress, by feelings of lack of respect for practicing dentistry, and by dissatisfaction with the amount of professional time available to improve clinical skills. Poorer mental health was predicted by baseline occupational stress, by perceived lack of respect for practicing dentistry, and by feelings of having too little personal time.
Protoplasmic Streaming: A Perennial Puzzle*

SUMMARY. Following a brief historical review and critique of the main theories of amoeboid movement, the recent work of Goldacre and Lorch, relating plasmagel contraction to the folding and unfolding of protein molecules, is discussed; and some new observations are presented concerning the behavior of the plasmagel in amoebae vitally stained with neutral red. Similarities between contraction of vertebrate muscle and amoeba plasmagel are discussed, and a summary of recent work suggesting that adenosine triphosphate and actomyosin-like proteins may be involved in amoeboid movement is given. A re-examination of the meaning of the terms plasmagel and plasmasol indicates their relative nature denoting only comparative degrees of viscosity. Recent observations as to the nature of the plasmalemma are reviewed, and evidence is presented for the existence of an external slime layer in Amoeba proteus (not in all amoebae), which slides over the visible pellicle carrying adherent foreign particles forward from the precaudal region. The inadequacy of the contracting gel tube theory for explaining many types of protoplasmic streaming is pointed out.