cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do glucose containing beverages play a role in thermoregulation, thermal sensation, and mood state?

Dehydration limits the appropriate delivery of oxygen and substrates to the working muscle. Further, the brain’s ability to function may also be compromised whereby thermal sensation and mood state may be altered. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the thermoregulatory, perceptual, and negative mood state profile in glucose (GLU) vs. non-glucose beverage (NON-GLU) condition. Ten healthy men volunteered and were counterbalanced either a GLU or NON-GLU containing beverage on separate mornings. In each condition, they were exposed to 37°C, 50% relative humidity (RH) for baseline, exercise, rehydration, and recovery periods. The exercise period elicited the desired level of dehydration (mean of 2.6 ± 0.3% body weight losses). Upon completion of the protracted exercise, participants were administered either a GLU or NON-GLU containing electrolyte based sports drink ad libitum for 30 min, followed by a recovery period of 15 min in 37°C, 50% RH. Rectal (Tre) and mean skin temperatures (Tsk) were continuously monitored. Gagge (TS) and heated thermal sensation (HTS), profile of mood state (POMS) were measure at the end of each period. During recovery after rehydration, Tre was not significantly different between conditions (GLU vs. NON-GLU) (37.4 ± 0.8 vs. 37.0 ± 1.2°C); Tsk was also not affected by rehydration in both conditions (36.0 ± 0.5 vs. 36.0 ± 0.6°C) and, TS and HTS did not differ between conditions (0.9 ± 1.3 vs.1.3 ± 0.7) and (1.0 ± 0.8 vs.0.8 ± 0.3). Total mood disturbance (TMD) score for the POMS was utilized for overall negative mood state and demonstrated a main effect for time (p < 0.05). TMD during recovery was decreased compared to before hydration in both conditions. The non-glucose containing beverage maintained plasma volume and was effective at maintaining body temperature homeostasis in a similar fashion compared to the glucose containing beverage. Furthermore, negative mood state was not different between the two conditions. The non-glucose beverages can serve a valuable role in the exercise environment depending upon the sport, the ambient temperature, the individual, duration of the exercise, the age and training states of the individual.
Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, Immunity, and Pregnancy Outcome

Chlamydia trachomatis can ascend from the cervix to the fallopian tubes and survive for long periods of time without causing symptoms. The immune response to infection clears the extracellular organisms but leads to development of a persistent intracellular infection. Repeated cycles of productive infection and persistence eventually induce tubal occlusion and infertility. Persistently infected cells continue to synthesize the chlamydial 60 kD heat shock protein (hsp60). Immunity to conserved regions of hsp60 may result in autoimmunity to human hsp60. Expression of hsp60 by the embryo and decidua during early pregnancy may reactivate hsp60-sensitized lymphocytes, disturb pregnancy-induced immune regulatory mechanisms, and lead to immune rejection of the embryo. Due to this mechanism women with tubal infertility who are sensitized to the human hsp60 may have a decreased probability of successful outcome after undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Risk Behaviors from the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial

This cross-sectional study describes the baseline prevalence and correlates of common bacterial and viral sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and risk behaviors among individuals at high risk for HIV recruited in five low- and middle-income countries. Correlations of risk behaviors and demographic factors with prevalent STDs and the association of STDs with HIV prevalence are examined. Between 2,212 and 5,543 participants were recruited in each of five countries (China, India, Peru, Russia, and Zimbabwe). Standard protocols were used to collect behavioral risk information and biological samples for STD testing. Risk factors for HIV/STD prevalence were evaluated using logistic regression models. STD prevalence was significantly higher for women than men in all countries, and the most prevalent STD was Herpes simplex virus-type 2 (HSV-2). HIV prevalence was generally low (below 5%) except in Zimbabwe (30% among women, 11.7% among men). Prevalence of bacterial STDs was generally low (below 5% for gonorrhea and under 7% for syphilis in all sites), with the exception of syphilis among female sex workers in India. Behavioral and demographic risks for STDs varied widely across the five study sites. Common risks for STDs included female gender, increasing number of recent sex partners, and in some sites, older age, particularly for chronic STDs (i.e., HSV-2 and HIV). Prevalence of HIV was not associated with STDs except in Zimbabwe, which showed a modest correlation between HIV and HSV-2 prevalence (Pearson coefficient = .55). These findings underscore the heterogeneity of global STD and HIV epidemics and suggest that local, focused interventions are needed to achieve significant declines in these infections.
Treatment of porokeratosis of Mibelli with CO2 laser vaporization versus surgical excision with split-thickness skin graft. A comparison

BACKGROUND. Porokeratosis of Mibelli has been treated with many topical surgical modalities in the past, including cold steel surgical excision and CO2 laser excision. We report a patient with an 8 × 10 cm2 plaque of porokeratosis on the dorsum of his hand, fingers, and web spaces. OBJECTIVE. To compare the treatment results of CO2 laser vaporization versus cold steel surgical excision with split-thickness skin graft placement. METHOD. The portions of the lesion overlying the metacarpophalangeal joints, fingers, and web spaces were treated with CO2 laser vaporization. The remainder of the lesion covering the dorsum of the hand was excised with cold steel, followed by placement of a split-thickness skin graft over that area. RESULTS. The portion of the porokeratosis lesion treated with CO2 vaporization healed with results cosmetically and functionally superior to the grafted area. CONCLUSION. Carbon dioxide laser vaporization, a more superficial treatment modality than CO2 laser excision, should be the preferred treatment modality for porokeratosis lesions.
Sweden and Immigration: From Economic Migrants to Humanitarians

Swedish society has been recognized as the most pro-immigrant of any European country, coinciding with highly unrestrictive immigration policies (Nilsson, 2004). Sweden is referred to as an “immigration country” due to its large percentage of immigrants and its liberal, humanitarian-based policies (SCB Forecast, 2010). Immigration to Sweden is a post-war phenomenon that occurred in four distinct phases characterized by the country of origin. In analyzing the historical policies implemented by Sweden, the policies’ effect on Swedish society becomes evident alongside the reasoning behind the various implementations of major laws and regulations. This paper builds upon the existing historical overview of immigration to Sweden, focusing especially on the characteristics defining the 1970s in order to understand what circumstances caused a shift from discouraging economic migrants to promoting refugees and other asylum-seekers fleeing persecution. I continue my historical analysis by differentiating distinct immigration policies and analyzing their legal and practical implications and how these affects have benefitted Sweden; economically, politically, and/or socially. I hope to combine my analysis of historical waves of immigration to Sweden and related historical events with my analysis of Sweden’s policies surrounding immigration to answer, “How has an image of humanitarianism helped promote the political and social goals of Sweden?” My findings demonstrate how an economic plateau alongside global humanitarian needs pushed Sweden to prioritize its social and political goal of being a welfare state that values equality and benevolence. Furthermore, my analysis also focuses on the stricter asylum policies starting in the 1990s and how this has impacted immigrant life in Sweden today, including problems surrounding integration into society and discrimination.
Relationships Between Yolk Androgens and Nest Density, Laying Date, and Laying Order in Western Burrowing Owls ( Athene cunicularia hypugaea )

Increases in yolk androgens within and among avian clutches have been correlated with decreased incubation time, increased aggression within a nest, increased begging behaviour, decreased immune re...
The Role of Diffusive Transport on Low and Intermediate Temperature Hydrocarbon Oxidation: Closed Reactor Experiments Using Equimolar n–C4H10 + O2 Premixtures at Reduced-Gravity

Experiments were conducted in a closed, spherical reactor aboard NASA's KC-135 reduced-gravity aircraft using an equimolar n–C4H10 + O2 premixture (Le = 1.3) at subatmospheric pressures to compliment model predictions and further explore the reactive-diffusive structure of cool flames and ignitions. The pressure and radial temperature histories were recorded and analyzed for different initial conditions. In addition, the visible light emission from excited formaldehyde was recorded using an intensified video camera and was observed to be radially symmetric in all cases. Unexpectedly, however, the measured temperature distributions during (and after the passage of) the cool flames and ignitions were not parabolic as predicted by conduction models, which suggests the onset of weak convection at 10−2 g.
Multivariable Analysis: Independent variables in multivariable analysis

How do I incorporate my independent variables into a multivariable analysis? Having determined, based on your outcome variable, the type of multivariable analysis you will be doing (Chapter 3), it is now time to consider how you will enter your independent variables into your multivariable model. While dichotomous variables can be entered into all multivariable analyses without special coding or transformation, there are special considerations for the treatment of nominal, interval, and ordinal independent variables. These are considered in Sections 4.2–4.4. How do I incorporate nominal independent variables into a multivariable analysis? Nominal independent variables, such as race or type of cancer, cannot be entered into a multivariable analysis, unless they are transformed. The reason is that the numeric codings for the variables have no meaning. You may have coded your variable 1=Caucasian, 2=African-American, but the numbers don't reflect a meaningful order. Therefore, any multivariable estimate of the change of going from one category to another is meaningless. TIP To incorporate nominal variables into a multivariable model transform it into multiple dichotomous variables. To incorporate a nominal independent variable into a multivariable model you must transform it into multiple dichotomous variables. This process is usually called “dummying” by epidemiologists and biostatisticians. However, the terms “dummying” and “dummy variables” are slang. In manuscripts, you should refer to this process as creating multiple categorical variables (if you refer to it as dummying, you may, as I did, receive complaints from the reviewers of your article).
Mobile client for immediate feedback and assessment in collaborative sessions

This paper presents a method leveraging the ubiquity of the mobile phone as an input device for immediate feedback and assessment of structured presentation delivery and learning. Human interactions within established workflow processes of collaborative sessions can be defined, allowing feedback and assessment tasks to take place in most meaningful moments. Data collected at these moments have a context that can be used for later analysis.
Packaged/Scaled Cmos Devices

In order to obtain high speed and high density, MOS devices are scaled down. Scaling schemes such as constant field [CE], constant voltage [CV], and quasi-constant voltage [QCV] have been analyzed [2.1],[2.2].These schemes are shown in Table 2.1. Note that dimensions refer to all physical dimensions (except junction depths Xj and oxide thicknesses t ox ), doping refers to the channel doping and voltage refers to the voltage applied to the device. All the voltages are with reference to substrate which is grounded. The following mechanisms are usually identified as the controlling performance and reliability factors in scaled circuits [2.3]: 1) velocity saturation, 2) source/drain parasitic resistance, 3) finite thickness of the inversion layer, and 4) Hot electron limitations. In this work, the effect of source/drain resistance, contact resistance and global interconnects (cell to cell on-chip interconnects) on CMOS device performance under constant-voltage scaling is analyzed. In practice, MOS devices do not perform in the simple manner as predicted by first-order scaling theory (see first order scaling theory [2.4],[2.5]) which neglects parasitics associated with the interconnects and package interface. These differences from first order scaling behavior increase as the channel lengths are reduced (scaled system performance is mainly dominated by theinterconnects and package parasitics).In Table 2.2, the behavior of first order device performance parameters with scaling, but without the effects of parasitics, are shown.
Further evolving the new dominant logic of marketing: from services to the social construction of markets

This work calls for a paradigmatic shift from marketing techniques and concepts to markets as a social construction. Our argument is composed of six facets: (1) revisioning the creation of value in...
The Premammillary Hypothalamic Area of the Ewe: Anatomical Characterization of a Melatonin Target Area Mediating Seasonal Reproduction

Recent evidence suggests that the ovine premammillary hypothalamic area (PMH) is an important target for the pineal hormone, melatonin, and its role in seasonal reproduction. In rodents, the PMH is a complex region consisting of several cell groups with differing neurochemical content and anatomical connections. Therefore, to obtain a better understanding of the potential neural targets for melatonin in this area of the sheep brain, we have undertaken a detailed anatomical characterization of the PMH, including its nuclear divisions and the location of neuropeptide/neurotransmitter cells within them. By combining immunocytochemistry for NeuN, a neuronal marker, with Nissl staining in anestrous, ovariectomized, estradiol-treated ewes, we identified three nuclei within the PMH: a caudal continuation of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (cARC), the ventral division of the premammillary nucleus (PMv), and the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus (TMv). The cARC contained neurons that were immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase, dynorphin, estrogen receptor alpha, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The PMv was also characterized by the presence of cells that contained NOS and CART, although the size of these cells was larger than that of their corresponding phenotype in the cARC. By contrast, in the TMv, of the markers examined in the present study, only fibers immunoreactive for orexin were seen. Thus, the ovine PMH is a heterogeneous region comprised of three subdivisions, each with distinct morphological and neurochemical characteristics. This anatomical map of the PMH provides a basis for future studies to determine the functional contribution of each component to the influence of melatonin on seasonal reproduction.
Developing a Nursing Perspective on Spirituality and Healing: Questions and Answers Following a Letter to the Editor

In response to Malinski's Research Issues column titled Developing a Nursing Perspective on Spirituality and Healing, Wojnar wrote a letter to the editor raising thoughtful questions that led to a series of e-mail exchanges with the author. The letter and the dialogue generated are reproduced here.
Only a subset of the binary cell fate decisions mediated by Numb/Notch signaling in Drosophila sensory organ lineage requires Suppressor of Hairless

In Drosophila, an adult external sensory organ (bristle) consists of four distinct cells which arise from a sensory organ precursor cell via two rounds of asymmetric divisions. The sensory organ precursor cell first divides to generate two secondary precursor cells, IIa and IIb. The IIa cell then divides to produce the hair cell and the socket cell. Shortly after, the IIb cell divides to generate the neuron and the sheath cell. The membrane-associated protein Numb has been shown to be required for the first two asymmetric divisions. We now report that a new hypomorphic numb mutant not only displays a double-socket phenotype, due to a hair cell to socket cell transformation, but also a double-sheath phenotype, due to a neuron to sheath cell transformation. This provides direct evidence that numb functions in the neuron/sheath cell lineage as well. Those results, together with our observation from immunofluorescence analysis that Numb forms a crescent in the dividing IIa and IIb cells suggest that asymmetric localization of Numb is important for the cell fate determination in all three asymmetric cell divisions in the sensory organ lineage. Interestingly, we found that in the hair/socket cell lineage but not the neuron/sheath cell lineage, a Suppressor of Hairless mutation acts as a dominant suppressor of numb mutations whereas Hairless mutations act as enhancers of numb. Moreover, epistasis analysis indicates that Suppressor of Hairless acts downstream of numb, and results from in vitro binding analysis suggest that the genetic interaction between numb and Hairless may occur through direct protein-protein interaction. These studies reveal that Suppressor of Hairless is required for only a subset of the asymmetric divisions that depend on the function of numb and Notch.
On the sympathetic control of ventricular automaticity. The effects of stellate ganglion stimulation.

The effects of stellate ganglion stimulation on idioventricular automaticity were studied in anesthetized dogs. An idioventricular rhythm was obtained in one series of animals by ligating the His bundle and in the other by stimulating the vagus. On isolation of the left stellate ganglion, the idioventricular rate fell by 5 beats/min which is compatible with a rate of "tonic" discharge of about 3 impulses/sec. On stimulation of the stellate ganglia at increasingly higher frequencies, the idioventricular rate accelerated progressively and the frequency-response curve was sigmoid. When the stimulation frequency was increased above 10 to 15 pulses/sec, there was no further enhancement of ventricular automaticity. The ventricular rates attained during sympathetic stimulation rarely exceeded 70/min. The interval between the initiation of sympathetic stimulation and the maximal ventricular acceleration was shorter at higher stimulation frequencies. The effects of right and left stellate stimulation on the rate of idioventricular pacemakers were comparable. Reflex vagal inhibition had little influence on the acceleratory action of the sympathetic nerves on the idioventricular pacemakers since in dogs with atrioventricular block the results before and after vagotomy were similar. Furthermore, the idioventricular rhythm during vagally induced block increased on sympathetic stimulation to values comparable to those obtained in dogs with surgically induced block.
The alien tort and the global rule of law

This paper traces the genealogy of legal developments regarding the expansion of civil jurisdiction for human rights abuses. It endeavours to illuminate the relation between these civil remedy developments in alien tort action and globalisation. It elucidates the dimensions of this development, implied by the transformations in substantive and procedural jurisdiction, as well as in legal personality, and subjectivity, reflecting upon the ways that these normative changes help to constitute global rule of law. It ends by concluding that, whatever their contribution, these transnational remedies are best conceived as complementary to the protections offered by state legal systems.
Free and bound total phenolic concentrations, antioxidant capacities, and profiles of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins in whole grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) of different bran colours

Abstract To study the polyphenols in whole grain rice varying in bran colour, the total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacities of the solvent-extractable (Free) and cell-wall bound (Bound) fractions and the profiles of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins were determined. Red and purple bran rices had significantly higher total (sum of Free- and Bound-) phenolic (PC) and flavonoid (FC) concentrations and antioxidant capacities than light-coloured bran rice or other cereals ( P P 10 mers), respectively. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin and peonidin-3-glucoside was the second highest; the profiles varied between purple bran cultivars. Whole grain rice differing in bran colour contained unique polyphenol subgroups, which have been proposed to positively impact human health.
Registration of dissimilar featureless models for inspection

General-purpose CAD-based inspection of a manufactured workpiece often involves comparing a part model created using intensity or range images of the part to a toleranced reference model of the part. Before this comparison can be made, however, the sensed object model must be registered to the reference object model. Most registration approaches assume that it is possible to identify and match features in the models and that the object models represent very similar geometries. A registration approach that deals with featureless dissimilar models is presented, and experimental results are demonstrated. Although the need for such an approach was motivated by needs in inspection, the approach is very general and can be used in a variety of other applications. >
A Supplemented High-Fat Low-Carbohydrate Diet for the Treatment of Glioblastoma

Purpose: Dysregulated energetics coupled with uncontrolled proliferation has become a hallmark of cancer, leading to increased interest in metabolic therapies. Glioblastoma (GB) is highly malignant, very metabolically active, and typically resistant to current therapies. Dietary treatment options based on glucose deprivation have been explored using a restrictive ketogenic diet (KD), with positive anticancer reports. However, negative side effects and a lack of palatability make the KD difficult to implement in an adult population. Hence, we developed a less stringent, supplemented high-fat low-carbohydrate (sHFLC) diet that mimics the metabolic and antitumor effects of the KD, maintains a stable nutritional profile, and presents an alternative clinical option for diverse patient populations. Experimental Design: The dietary paradigm was tested in vitro and in vivo , utilizing multiple patient-derived gliomasphere lines. Cellular proliferation, clonogenic frequency, and tumor stem cell population effects were determined in vitro using the neurosphere assay (NSA). Antitumor efficacy was tested in vivo in preclinical xenograft models and mechanistic regulation via the mTOR pathway was explored. Results: Reducing glucose in vitro to physiologic levels, coupled with ketone supplementation, inhibits proliferation of GB cells and reduces tumor stem cell expansion. In vivo , while maintaining animal health, the sHFLC diet significantly reduces the growth of tumor cells in a subcutaneous model of tumor progression and increases survival in an orthotopic xenograft model. Dietary-mediated anticancer effects correlate with the reduction of mTOR effector expression. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the sHFLC diet is a viable treatment alternative to the KD, and should be considered for clinical testing. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2482–95. ©2015 AACR .
Demographics, clinical disease characteristics, and quality of life in a large cohort of psoriasis patients with and without psoriatic arthritis.

What is already known about the topic: psoriasis (PsO) is a common skin disease with major impact on quality of life (QoL). Patient-reported data on QoL from large number of PsO patients with and without psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are limited.In a large cohort referred to a university psoriasis center, patients with PsO and concomitant PsA (~30% in this group) had greater degrees of skin and nail involvement and experienced greater negative impacts on QoL. Despite large numbers of patients with moderate-to-severe disease, use of systemic therapy by community practitioners was uncommon.PsO and PsA are common diseases that have marked adverse impacts on QoL. The disease features and patient-reported QoL data comparing PsO and PsA patients are limited.To identify and compare demographics, clinical disease characteristics, and QoL scores in a large cohort of PsO patients with and without PsA.All PsO patients seen in a psoriasis specialty clinic, named the Center of Excellence for Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, were enrolled in an observational cohort. Demographic, QoL, and clinical data were collected from patient-reported questionnaires and from physical examinations performed by Center of Excellence for Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis dermatologists and a rheumatologists. Cross sectional descriptive data were collected and comparisons between patients with PsO alone and those with concomitant PsA are presented.A total of 568 patients were enrolled in the database. Mean age of PsO onset was 28 years and mean disease duration was 18 years. Those with family history had an earlier onset of PsO by ~7 years. Mean body surface area involvement with PsO was 14%. Mean body mass index was 30.7. Prevalence of PsA was 29.8%. PsA patients had a higher mean body surface area compared to patients with PsO alone (16.7% vs 13.4%, P<0.05), higher prevalence of psoriatic nail changes (54.4% vs 36%, P<0.0002), and worse QoL scores as assessed by the Short Form-12 (67 vs 52, P<0.00001), Psoriasis Quality of Life-12 questionnaire (62 vs 71, P<0.01), and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (2.3 vs 4.7, P<0.01). Strikingly, 49% of patients with PsO had never received any systemic therapy.These data highlight that PsO has marked negative impacts on QoL, while those patients with concomitant PsA are affected to a much greater degree. Despite large numbers of patients presenting with moderate-to-severe disease, use of systemic therapy for both PsO and PsA was uncommon.
Formation of Clusters in Charge Seeded Expansions of Rare Gas Mixtures

We have measured the argon cluster ion mass spectrum (Ar N + , N = 2 → 60) produced in a corona discharge charge seeded expansion (CSE) source of 10% argon in helium at 87K for a range of pressures. We have found a set of “magic” cluster sizes in this mass range identical to those found previously in a CSE of pure argon, and again in clear distinction to those produced by ionization of neutral clusters. With the 10% mixture we have been able to study smaller cluster ions than in the pure CSE case, and in this range we have seen especially strong peaks at N = 3 and 7. We also have carried out studies of how the operation of the CSE source depends on conditions in the stagnation region other than pressure and temperature. In particular, we have studied how the mass spectrum is altered by changing the placement of the corona discharge relative to the nozzle, and we will discuss these results as well.
Somatic Cell Counts in Dairy Marketing: Quantile Regression for Count Data

We study the determinants of somatic cell count (SCC) for farm milk among US dairies. We synthesise much of the work that has been done to model SCC determinants in order to identify the potential impacts of buyer-imposed penalties and incentives within the supply chain. Additionally, we estimate quantile regression for count data to measure impacts specifically for those operations with the highest SCC and to account for the statistical properties of the data. Premiums in particular have the potential to reduce SCC considerably where it is currently the highest. We draw implications for profitability in relation to SCC reduction.
EEG Stochastic Nonlinear Oscillator Models for Alzheimer’s Disease

In this article, we derive unique stochastic nonlinear coupled oscillator models of EEG signals from an Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) study. EEG signals recorded during resting eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions in a pilot study with AD patients and age-matched healthy control subjects (CTL) are employed. An optimization scheme is then utilized to match the output of the stochastic Duffing - van der Pol double oscillator network with EEG signals recorded during each condition for AD and CTL subjects. The selected decision variable are the model parameters and noise intensity. While, the selected signal characteristics are power spectral densities in major brain frequency bands and Shannon and sample entropies to match the signal information content and complexity. It is shown that statistically significant unique models represent the EC and EO conditions for both CTL and AD subjects. Moreover, the inclusion of sample entropy in the optimization process significantly enhances the stochastic nonlinear oscillator model performance. The study suggests that EEG signals recorded under different brain states as well as those belonging to a brain disorder such as Alzheimer’s disease can be uniquely represented by stochastic nonlinear oscillators paving the way for identification of new discriminants.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
On Completing Latin Rectangles

By an (incomplete) r × s latin rectangle is meant an r × s array such that (in some subset of the rs cells of the array) each of the cells is occupied by an integer from the set 1, 2, …, s and such that no integer from the set 1,2, …, s occurs in any row or column more than once. This definition requires that r≦s. If r=s we will replace the word rectangle by square. It is easy to see that for any n≧2 there is an incomplete n × 2n latin rectangle with 2n cells occupied which cannot be completed to a n × 2n latin rectangle. In this paper we prove the following theorem. Theorem 1. An incomplete n × 2n latin rectangle with 2n—1 cells occupied can be completed to a n × 2n latin rectangle.
Mid-term Assessment on World Bank Loaned China TB Control Project in Nanning

Objective To evaluate the effects of pulmonary tuberculosis control in Nanning from 2002 to 2005 after implementing World Bank Loaned China TB Control Project.Method According to the questionnaire on the mid-term evaluation of MOH,routine supervision data and some other relevant materials in Nanning from 2002 to 2005 were collected and summarized to conduct the analysis.Results The coverage rate of DOTS strategy reached to 100% in 2004.Totally 42,358 suspected TB cases were registered during a 4-year period,among them,16,067 cases were active pulmonary TB and 6,012 cases were smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.The registered rate of smear-positive case increased by 37.03/100,000 in 2005 from 11.51/100,000 in 2002,and the cure rate of new smear-positive cases increased from 76.7% in 2002 to 92.4% in 2005.Conclusions Through implementing World Bank Loaned TB Control Project in Nanning,the mid-term objective has been achieved and sustainable development system has been preliminarily established,but TB control and management need to be further strengthened.
Perceived Severity of and Susceptibility to Overdose Among Injection Drug Users: Relationships With Overdose History.

ABSTRACTBackground: Overdose is relatively common among injection drug users (IDUs) yet little is known about how overdose-related health beliefs influence overdose experiences or risk reduction. Objectives: This study examines the association of perceived susceptibility to and perceived severity of nonfatal overdose with overdose history among IDUs attending needle exchange programs (NEPs) to inform prevention efforts. Methods: In 2009–2010, IDUs (N = 91) attending NEPs completed self-report surveys. Negative binomial regression modeled the association between demographics, age of injection initiation, length of time attending the NEP, perceived severity of overdose, and perceived susceptibility to overdose with lifetime history of nonfatal overdose. Results: Over half (55%) of participants reported lifetime overdose, with a mean of 2.9 overdoses. A multivariable negative binomial regression model revealed that younger current age, older age of first injection, non-Caucasian race, higher perceived severi...
The effect of land cover change on duration and severity of high and low flows

Land cover has been increasingly recognized as an important factor affecting hydrologic processes at the basin and regional level. Therefore, improved understanding of how land cover change affects hydrologic systems is needed for better management of water resources. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of land cover change on the duration and severity of high and low flows by using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and copulas. Two basins dominated by different land cover in the Ohio River basin are used as study area in this study. Two historic land covers from the 1950s and 1990s are considered as input to the SWAT model, thereby investigating the hydrologic high and low flow response of different land cover conditions of these two basins. The relationships between the duration and severity of both low and high flow are defined by applying the copula method; changes in the frequency of the duration and severity are investigated. The results show that land cover changes affect both the duration and severity of both high and low flows. An increase in forest area leads to a decrease in the duration and severity during both high and low flows, but its impact is highest during extreme flows. The results also show that the land cover changes have had significant influences on changes in the joint return periods of duration and severity of low and high flows. While this study sheds light on the role of land cover change on severity and duration of high and low flow conditions, more studies using various land cover conditions and climate types are required in order to draw more reliable conclusions in future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rangeland Responses to Predicted Increases in Drought Extremity

On the Ground Rangeland managers actively focus on the potential to induce a shift in a site to an alternative state, but predicted changes in climate, particularly the likelihood of more extreme drought, necessitate reevaluating risks for alternative states. Rangelands will differ in their susceptibility to undergo state changes due to climate change in general and for droughts of the future, in particular, which may be hotter. Trees, shrubs, and grasses are expected to differ in their sensitivity to drought, with trees likely being most sensitive; this affects the likelihood for state changes in grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, and savannas. Considering these differences can help rangeland managers deal with the challenges of increasing drought that is forecast to occur with climate change.
miivfind: A command for identifying model-implied instrumental variables for structural equation models in Stata

This article presents a new Stata command, miivfind, that implements an algorithm developed by Bollen and Bauer (2004, Sociological Methods and Research 32: 425–452) to find the model-implied instrumental variables (MIIVs) from an identified structural equation model. MIIVs allow researchers to draw on instrumental-variable estimators, such as two-stage least-squares estimators, to obtain estimates for the parameters of a hypothesized structural equation model. It can be difficult to identify MIIVs by inspection of either a diagram of the model or the model equations. Two examples are provided that illustrate the use of miivfind to identify MIIVs and some of the advantages of a MIIV estimator as compared with a maximum likelihood estimator. By assisting in the process of finding MIIVs, miivfind facilitates the use of an alternative class of estimators, instrumental-variable estimators, to the standard maximum-likelihood and asymptotic-distribution free estimators available for structural equation models.
Ergodic secrecy rate for Gaussian MISO wiretap channels with Rician fading

A Gaussian multiple-input single-output (MISO) wiretap channel model is considered, where there exists a transmitter equipped with multiple antennas, a legitimate receiver and an eavesdropper each equipped with a single antenna. We study the problem of finding the optimal input covariance that maximizes the ergodic secrecy rate subject to a power constraint, where the full information on the legitimate channel is known to the transmitter, but only statistical information on the eavesdropper channel is available at the transmitter. Existing results address the case in which the eavesdropper channel has independent and identically distributed Gaussian entries with zero-mean, i.e., the channel has trivial covariance. This paper addresses the general case where eavesdropper channel has non-zero mean and nontrivial covariance. We show that the optimal input covariance has always rank one. Based on this, for the non-zero mean but trivial covariance, we reduce the original problem to an one variable optimization problem and propose Newton's method to solve the resulting optimization problem. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the algorithm.
Enhanced Synthetic Population Generator That Accommodates Control Variables at Multiple Geographic Resolutions

Microsimulation models that simulate travel demand at the level of individual travelers have been gaining increasing interest among practitioners. Transportation planning agencies across the country are steadily migrating to activity-based microsimulation models, which provide considerable flexibility when testing policy scenarios. Generating a synthetic population is the first step in the application of any activity-based model system and has therefore been a topic of extensive research in the activity-based modeling arena. Several researchers have developed population synthesizers that can generate synthetic populations and can match household- and person-level constraints at a specified geographic resolution (e.g., a census block group). However, although information for some control variables may be available at the specified spatial resolution, information for other control variables may be available only at a more aggregate spatial resolution. Ignoring control variables at different levels of spatia...
Shaping data for application performance and energy optimization in dynamic data view framework

Abstract Memory access bottlenecks are often due to the result of mismatch between the processor hardware's view of data and the algorithmic/logical view of data. This variation in data views is especially more pronounced in applications involving large datasets, leading to significantly increased latency and user response times. Previous attempts to tackle this problem were primarily targeted at execution time optimization. We present a dynamic technique piggybacked on the classical dynamic binary optimization (DBO) to shape the data view for each program phase differently resulting in program execution time reduction along with reductions in access energy. Our implementation rearranges non-adjacent data into a contiguous dataview. It uses wrappers to replace irregular data access patterns with spatially local dataview. DDV (Dynamic data view), a runtime dynamic binary translation and optimization framework has been used to perform runtime instrumentation and dynamic data optimization to achieve this goal. This scheme not only ensures a reduced program execution time, but also results in lower cache access energy. Some of the commonly used benchmarks from the SPEC 2006 and SPLASH-2 suite were profiled to determine irregular data accesses from procedures which contributed heavily to the overall execution time. Wrappers built to replace these accesses with spatially adjacent data led to a significant improvement in the total execution time. On average, 20% reduction in time was achieved along with a 5% reduction in energy for SPEC 2006 and 11% reduction in time was achieved along with a 6% reduction in energy for SPLASH-2.
Implementation of Reinganum’s Investment Strategy in Long Term Equity Fund in the Stock Exchange of Thailand

This research tested the investment strategy of Reinganum, which used value factors, momentum factors and size factors in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) from 2002-2016. The results showed that value and momentum factors were able to excellently provide above-the-market returns, whiles size factors produced the opposite outcome. In addition, the aforementioned research findings were expanded upon by implementing Reinganum’s investment strategy with Long Term Equity Fund (LTF).
Playful Partnerships for Game-based Learning in International Contexts

This chapter examines the playful design and enactment of games for learning and details generative and provocative attributes of playful multistakeholder partnerships for information and communications technology-supported game-based learning in international contexts. Drawing upon the experiences of two educational technology research and design groups, the chapter first identifies four design principles that have guided various global – and playful – game-based learning partnerships in Jamaica, Oman, South Africa, and Switzerland. Such international partnerships were designed as opportunities to co-construct game-based learning by articulating the permitted, establishing collaborative presence, attending carefully to trust, and fostering third space. The second half of this chapter features a case study of ICT-supported game-based learning in Oman and describes different ways in which a playful multistakeholder partnership can be enacted in a cross-cultural setting. The subject of this case study is Place Out Of Time (POOT), a trans-historical simulation of a trial in which students play guests who come from a range of places and times throughout history to discuss some of the great issues of humankind and to bring the wisdom of history to a modern-day problem. Utilizing narrative methods, four vignettes from playing POOT in Oman are presented that convey the complex and sometimes contradictory characteristics of playful partnerships for game-based learning in a developing region. The chapter concludes by arguing for a more critical playfulness in game-based learning that can support all partners and players in confronting biases, celebrating difference, and creatively addressing local and global needs.
Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction in the Growing Child

Indications and considerations for reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) differ between growing and skeletally mature patients. Osteoarthritis, which is the most common cause of TMJ destruction in adults, is comparatively rare in children. The most common indications in young patients are congenital deformities, pathology, ankylosis and progressive resorptive processes. Options for reconstruction include distraction osteogenesis, autologous reconstruction (ie, costochondral graft, free fibula flap), and total alloplastic joint replacement. The choice of the ideal reconstruction is based on multiple factors, which include extent and laterality of the deformity, patient age, jaw growth pattern, and potential for progressive destruction.
Conscious Contents Provide the Nervous System with Coherent, Global Information

Renewed interest in consciousness is evident in contemporary cognitive psychology. While there is reasonable agreement on the empirical constraints on a theory of consciousness, there is less consensus on the shape of a theory. This paper specifies a number of empirical constraints, stated as pairs of conscious-unconscious contrasts, and suggests a rather small set of principles that can organize these constraints in a rather straightforward way. These principles include the following: First, the nervous system is viewed as a “distributed” information processing system, in which highly complex and efficient processing is performed by specialized processors in a relatively independent way. These processors may be “data driven”—i.e., they may decide by their own criteria what is worth processing, so that a central mechanism is not needed to exercise executive power over the specialized processors. However, these specialists do require a “central information exchange” in order to interact with each other. This central interchange has been called a global data base. In operation, a global data base bears a striking resemblance to “working memory.”
Geographical Diversity of Alliance Portfolio and Firm Innovation: The Roles of Resource Characteristics and Governance Structures

This paper explores how geographical diversity of an alliance portfolio benefits resource-based firm innovation. We propose that there are inverted U-shaped relationships between geographical diver...
Speech Activity Detection in Naturalistic Audio Environments: Fearless Steps Apollo Corpus

Speech activity detection (SAD) is a fundamental building block for most spoken language technology systems. Developing efficient SAD systems in highly naturalist data scenarios is a challenge. In this study, we investigate the SAD problem on NASAs Apollo space mission data [1] . Apollo data consists of long-term naturalistic audio recordings (i.e., 6–12 day missions). The Apollo data poses various challenges like: 1) noise distortion with variable SNR, 2) channel distortion, 3) very high density of speech, 4) foreground versus background speech, and 5) extended periods of nonspeech activity. In this study, we use threshold optimized combo-SAD [21] as our baseline unsupervised system. This technique was developed to address variable speech/nonspeech density issues in long-term audio data. To mitigate issues related to Apollo audio loops, multispeaker scenarios including foreground versus background conversations within loops, and highly noisy background, a new curriculum learning (CL) based convolutional neural network (CNN) model is developed. This efficient method leverages the long-term learning capability of CNN and CL strategies where data are trained in a manner that improves the efficiency during the learning process. Here, we use signal-to-noise ratio as the learning parameter. Our experiments on free flowing Apollo audio data show that the proposed approach provides a significant improvement in SAD performance ( $> 10\%$ ).
Protective Orders and Domestic Violence: Risk Factors for Re-Abuse

One of the few legal tools for protecting victims of domestic violence is the civil Protection Order (PO). How effective they were in preventing re-abuse was analyzed by examining court and police records from 210 couples in which female victims (or “applicants”) filed POs against their violent partners. Police records for 2 years prior and two years following the issuance of a PO were reviewed. Results indicated a significant decline in the probability of abuse following a PO. Prior to filing a PO, 68% of the women reported physical violence. After filing, only 23% reported physical violence. Several risk factors were assessed and it was found that very low SES women were more likely to report re-abuse as were African-Americans.
A quick method for energy optimized gate sizing of digital circuits

Exploration of energy & delay trade-offs requires a sizing solution for minimal energy under operating delay and output load constraints. In this work, a simple method called Constant Stage Effort Ratio (CSER) is proposed for minimal energy solution of digital circuits with a given target delay. The proposed method has a linear run-time dependence on the number of logic gates that is exponential for the optimal solution. As sample cases, the proposed algorithm is applied to parallel VLSI adders with varying bit-widths at 65nm CMOS technology. CSER sizing algorithm provides more than 300× run-time improvement compared to energy optimal solution with a worst case difference of 10% in energy for a 128-bits Kogge-Stone adder.