cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aspiration of a Nasotracheal Tube: A Complication of Nasotracheal Intubation and Mechanism for Retrieval

Nasotracheal tube aspiration should be recognized as one of the complications of tracheal intubation. We describe a patient identifying such an event and provide an alternative technique for tube retrieval.
Gifted Achievers and Underachievers: A Comparison of Patterns Found in School Files

Underachievement in gifted students has perplexed educators and parents for decades. Researchers are continually looking for information about the nature and patterns of gifted underachievers that will enlighten those concerned. Counselors are particularly involved, because they often are asked to provide illumination and interventions. This study demonstrates how information in the cumulative school file, accessible to the school counselor, is a rich resource for understanding the patterns of achievement and underachievement among students identified as gifted and for use in planning interventions for students at risk for underachievement. Participants were gifted students (N = 153) who were determined to be either achievers or under-achievers, based on their grade point average at graduation. High and moderate achievers and moderate and extreme underachievers were compared on information found in the school file, such as attendance, tardiness, course selection, and onset and duration of underachievement. Results indicate that there are differences between achievers and underachievers on a number of variables found in the school files. Profiles of these groups are presented with suggestions for actions by counselors.
Chapter 5: The Social Studies Near Century’s End: Reconsidering Patterns of Curriculum and Instruction:

The first national pattern of social studies curriculum was proposed by the National Education Association's Committee of Ten a century ago. Ever since, there have been disputes about what should be taught under the rubric of the social studies and how it should be taught. My aim in this chapter is to review theory and research on social studies curriculum and instruction and to argue that we cannot usefully discuss either curriculum or instruction in isolation from the other. I then go on to consider the implications of my analysis for current issues in social studies policy and practice. This review builds on earlier research reviews in social studies education (e.g., Armento, 1986; Hunkins, Ehman, Hahn, Martorella, & Tucker, 1977; Marker & Mehlinger, 1992; Metcalf, 1963; Shaver, 1991; Shaver & Larkins, 1973; Stanley, 1985b); however, its focus is the period since 1988, when the chapters for the last volume-length review of social studies were commissioned (Shaver, 1991). Although reference to theory and research published before 1988 is included to provide a context for discussion, no systematic history of social studies is attempted in this chapter. The period covered is brief, but, as should become apparent, it has been a time of major change in social studies theory, research, and policy. There has been an escalation of what Beverly Armento (1991) characterized as the "quiet revolution" in social studies research in the 1980s.
Stars, crows, and doji: The use of candlesticks in stock selection

Abstract This paper examines Japanese Candlestick methods of technical analysis for 349 stocks. Using more data and alternative tests, the study contradicts an earlier article in the literature, finding little value in the use of candlesticks and providing more support for the weak form of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis.
Combined en bloc liver pancreas transplantation for children with CF

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic defect in epithelial chloride transport that results a multisystem disease affecting the sweat glands and the pulmonary and digestive systems. Although pulmonary disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients, up to 8% may develop focal biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Liver transplantation is an accepted therapy for these patients. About 85% of CF patients develop pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and up to 34% will develop diabetes requiring insulin. We describe a series of 9 patients who underwent liver transplantation (6 transplantation of liver only [LO], and 3 combined en bloc liver-pancreas [LP] transplantation) for CF-related liver disease at our institution,. All 9 patients had pretransplant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency requiring enzyme supplementation. Of the 9, 5 patients (55%) had preoperative insulin dependent diabetes, including all 3 patients who underwent liver pancreas transplantation. Liver-pancreas transplants were performed en bloc. One-year patient survival for both LO and LP patients was 100%. Five-year patient survival was 83% for the LO patients and 100% for the LP patients. All LP patients are off insulin and do not require pancreatic enzyme supplementation. All patients receiving LO continue to need exogenous pancreatic enzyme supplementation. In the 6 patients who received LO, 2 were insulin dependent prior to surgery, and they remain insulin dependent after transplant. Of the 4 patients who received LO who were not insulin dependent pretransplant, 3 have now developed insulin-dependent diabetes. Patients receiving LO were more likely to be diabetic and require exogenous pancreatic enzymes after transplant than those receiving LP (83% vs. 0%, P = 0.04, and 100% vs. 0%, P = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, patients with CF and end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation may benefit from combined liver-pancreas transplantation. Liver Transpl 13:406–409, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Current-dependent silicon oxide growth during scanned probe lithography

Measurement of picoAmp currents during silicon oxide growth by scanning probe lithography is reported. The observed current is attributed to the reduction of H/sup -/ ions produced by the oxidation process. The local electrical quality of the nanofabricated oxide lines, probed by local Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling, is found to be uniform and highly insulating.
Schoolwide Social-Behavioral Climate, Student Problem Behavior, and Related Administrative Decisions: Empirical Patterns from 1,510 Schools Nationwide.

Office discipline referral (ODR) data provide useful information about problem behavior and consequence patterns, social-behavioral climates, and effects of social-behavioral interventions in schools. The authors report patterns of ODRs and subsequent administrative decisions from 1,510 schools nationwide that used the School-Wide Information System in 2005—2006. Sample demographics differed from key demographics for schools nationwide on school enrollment, socioeconomic status, and race and ethnicity. Descriptive analyses showed over 88% of elementary grade students with zero or one ODR for the academic year, 72% for middle schools, and 67% for high schools. ODRs were most likely to be generated from classrooms and more likely to be related to peer-directed problem behavior in elementary schools, student-adult interactions in middle schools, and tardiness and skipping in high schools. Major consequences were suspensions and detentions for middle and high school students and varied for elementary students...
Partially resolved super transition array method

Abstract The partially resolved transition array model for radiative transitions between ordinary electronic configurations is extended to the super configuration approach. The specific application incorporates intermediate coupling effects into transition arrays to describe the transition from LS to JJ coupling without the ad hoc approximations introduced in past formulations. More generally, the extended concept permits stepwise refinement of the super transition array method towards the line-by-line limit in ordinary configurations. Thus, the formalism forms a framework for a hybrid scheme to combine detailed line accounting and statistical methods.
Evaluation of Adverse Drug Events and Medication Discrepancies in Transitions of Care Between Hospital Discharge and Primary Care Follow-Up.

Approximately two-thirds of adverse events posthospital discharge are due to medication-related problems. Medication reconciliation is a strategy to reduce medication errors and improve patient safety. Objective: To evaluate adverse drug events (ADEs), potential ADEs (pADEs), and medication discrepancies occurring between hospital discharge and primary care follow-up in an academic family medicine clinic. Adult patients recently discharged from the hospital were seen by a pharmacist for medication reconciliation between September 1, 2011, and November 30, 2012. The pharmacist identified medication discrepancies and pADEs or ADEs from a best possible medication history obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) and hospital medication list. In 43 study participants, an average of 2.9 ADEs or pADEs was identified (N = 124). The most common ADEs/pADEs identified were nonadherence/underuse (18%), untreated medical problems (15%), and lack of therapeutic monitoring (13%). An average of 3.9 medication di...
Superconvergence of the galerkin approximation of a quasilinear parabolic equation in a single space variable

The asymptotic expansion of the Galerkin solution of a parabolic equation by means of a sequence of elliptic projections that was introduced by Douglas, Dupont, and Wheeder is carried out for a quasilinear equation. This quaxi-projection can be applied to establish knot superconvergence in the case of a single space variable. In addition, an optimal order error estimate inL ∞ (L ∞) is derived for a single space variable.
Diversity of mutations and distribution of single nucleotide polymorphic alleles in the human alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) gene.

Purpose: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of the lysosomal glycosidase, α-l-iduronidase (IDUA). Patients with MPS I present with variable clinical manifestations ranging from severe to mild. To facilitate studies of phenotype-genotype correlation, the authors performed molecular studies to detect mutations in MPS I patients and characterize single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IDUA gene. Methods: Twenty-two unrelated MPS I patients were subjects for mutation detection using reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and genomic PCR sequencing. Polymorphism analyses were performed on controls by restriction enzyme assays of PCR amplicons flanking nine IDUA intragenic single nucleotide polymorphic alleles. Results: Eleven different mutations including two common mutations (Q70X, W402X), five recurrent mutations (D315Y, P533R, R621X, R628X, S633L), and four novel mutations (R162I, G208D, 1352delG, 1952del25bp) were identified from MPS I patients. Multiple SNP alleles coexisting with the disease-causing mutations were detected. Allelic frequencies for nine SNP alleles including A8, A20, Q33H, L118, N181, A314, A361T, T388, and T410 were determined. Conclusions: The results provide further evidence for the mutational heterogeneity among MPS I patients and point out possible common haplotype structures in the IDUA gene.
Impact Damage Response of Composite Materials at LOX/Cryogenic Temperatures

*† A state of the art impact facility has been developed to study the ignition of polymer matrix composites in liquid oxygen. The facility utilizes several advanced data acquisition techniques including the novel flash sensor presented in this paper. The flash sensor is synchronized with the force signal to reveal exactly when ignition occurs during an impact event. Individual damage formation events are then related to the flash. Damage development results during impact are also presented from testing at cryogenic and room temperatures. At cryogenic temperatures, the specimens in this study tend to crack vertically at the edge of the indentor then grow outward to the sample edge. At room temperature, the specimen in this study develops internal matrix cracks and delaminations that do not propogate to the specimen boundaries. These differences in damage are also detected on the force-time and force-deflection data from impact testing.
Congenital renal agenesis: case-control analysis of birth characteristics.

Renal agenesis (RA) is the most common congenital urinary malformation; however, evidence for prenatal factors associated with the development of this condition is limited. The aim of this study is to determine prenatal and perinatal factors associated with the development of RA. We performed a case-control study of Colorado births with RA from 1989 to 1998 identified in the Colorado Responds for Children With Special Needs and linked with birth certificate data. There were 189 infants with RA and 940 control infants without RA on the study. The incidence of RA is approximately 1 per 2,900 births. Seventy-six infants (40.6%) born with RA were girls, and 111 infants (59.4%) were boys (P = 0.02). Preexisting diabetes mellitus in the mother was a significant factor associated with RA (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 4.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08 to 22.93) while controlling for maternal age, maternal race, and alcohol exposure. Black maternal race also was significantly associated with the development of RA (adjusted OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.26 to 3.95) while controlling for other factors. Maternal age younger than 18 years, maternal education less than 12 years, alcohol exposure, and infant sex approached significance. RA is a relatively common congenital malformation of the urinary tract. This condition appears to have a multifactorial cause, with a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Further research is needed to show a better understanding of these risk factors.
The Lessons of Non-Formal Learning for Urban Youth

Abstract Non-formal learning for urban youth has a long history in the United States; it remains a source of innovation. This essay draws on literature about organizations that use community ties to encourage cognitive development and identity formation. It then describes how one youth organization in Camden, New Jersey uses presentations to the community of its in-house business projects as springboards into further development. Such non-formal learning structures can have wide application to other sites of learning.
Using Baldrige criteria to meet or exceed Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education Standards.

Continuing medical education providers accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) may apply organizational assessment strategies beyond the ACCME Essential Areas, Elements, and Criteria. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Program offers an organizational assessment strategy commonly used in business, health care, and education settings. An analysis of both standards pointed out useful associations between the ACCME Essential Areas and the Baldrige National Quality Program Education Criteria (2003). Including leadership, governance, and social responsibility, the Baldrige Education Criteria provide a more comprehensive organizational assessment and stronger emphasis on a wider variety of results. The present analysis suggests that a continuing medical education provider could meet, and possibly exceed, the ACCME standards by applying the Baldrige Education Criteria in a “self-study” process to define, measure, monitor, and document fundamental organizational responsibilities and performance.
Horizontal Integration Between Brand and Generic Firms in the Pharmaceutical Industry

This paper asserts that brand pharmaceutical firms (those mostly involved in the invention and production of new drugs) engage in a set of complementary activities that are different from those of generic pharmaceutical firms (those that primarily make off-patent medicines). Complementarities of the Milgrom-Roberts variety within, but not across, these two kinds of firms make it more efficient for pharmaceutical firms to specialize in either brand or generic production. Using FDA data, I show that this is indeed the case. I then examine the firms that produce both types of drugs to see if there are market-level strategic synergies between brand and generic products. I find generic entrants that belong to a corporation that owns the brand in the market are (1) not more likely to enter, (2) not more likely to be approved faster, and (3) not more likely to deter other generics from entering. Thus the advantage, or synergy, from mixing brand and generic activities in one corporation must arise elsewhere in the operations of the firm. If not, the integrated pharmaceutical firm is not the most efficient organizational form for the production of ethical drugs.
Organization of the 5.8S, 16–18S, and 23–28S ribosomal RNA genes of Cephalosporium acremonium

A 9.2 kb Pst1 restriction fragment, repeated tandemly head-to-tail in the genome, contains the 5.8S, 16–18S, and 23–28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of Cephalosporium acremonium, a filamentous fungus used at the industrial scale for production of cephalosporin antibiotics. These rRNA genes were located in Pst1 digests of C. acremonium genomic DNA using a hybridization probe that contained the 5.8S, 18S, and 25S rRNA genes from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This probe was also used in screening a recombinant lambda library to identify phage carrying rRNA genes of C. acremonium. Yeast rRNA genes contained separately on individual 32P-labeled plasmids were used to demonstrate that a cloned 7.2 kb C. acremonium sequence, represented in the repeated 9.2 kb Pst1 fragment, contained DNA from the C. acremonium 5.8S, 16–18S, and 23–28S rRNA genes. These genes were ordered with the 5.8S gene located between the 16–18S and 23–28S rRNA genes. The order of the 16–18S, 5.8S, and 23–28S rRNA genes observed in C. acremonium is the same as that observed in rRNA repeats of many other lower eucaryotes, e.g. S. cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans, and Neurospora crassa.
Comparison of Satellite and All-Sky Camera Estimates of Cloud Cover during GATE

Abstract Horizontal cloud coverages derived from a geostationary satellite and all-sky cameras were compared for a 3-month period of the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). Estimates of total cloud cover using the satellite and all-sky camera were similar for the daytime period. The all-sky cameras also gave reasonable estimates of the 24 h cloud cover due to the small difference in the satellite determined daytime and nighttime total cloud cover in the vicinity of the all-sky cameras. However, other regions in the area of study which were not covered by an all-sky camera revealed large diurnal variations. In these areas the daytime total cloud amount did not yield an accurate representation of the 24 h cloud cover. A method is presented which enables one to construct a three-dimensional representation of cloud structure by combining surface and satellite observations. The disadvantages of this technique are that it assumes no overlapping cloud tops or cloud bases, as well as the limitations of the ...
Identification and functional characterization of an Src homology domain 3 domain‐binding site on Cbl

Cbl is an adaptor protein and ubiquitin ligase that binds and is phosphorylated by the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src. We previously showed that the primary interaction between Src and Cbl is mediated by the Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of Src binding to proline-rich sequences of Cbl. The peptide Cbl RDLPPPPPPDRP(540-551), which corresponds to residues 540-551 of Cbl, inhibited the binding of a GST-Src SH3 fusion protein to Cbl, whereas RDLAPPAPPPDR(540-551) did not, suggesting that Src binds to this site on Cbl in a class I orientation. Mutating prolines 543-548 reduced Src binding to the Cbl 479-636 fragment significantly more than mutating the prolines in the PPVPPR(494-499) motif, which was previously reported to bind Src SH3. Mutating Cbl prolines 543-548 to alanines substantially reduced Src binding to Cbl, Src-induced phosphorylation of Cbl, and the inhibition of Src kinase activity by Cbl. Expressing the mutated Cbl in osteoclasts induced a moderate reduction in bone-resorbing activity and increased amounts of Src protein. In contrast, disabling the tyrosine kinase-binding domain of full-length Cbl by mutating glycine 306 to glutamic acid, and thereby preventing the previously described binding of the tyrosine kinase-binding domain to the Src phosphotyrosine 416, had no effect on Cbl phosphorylation, the inhibition of Src activity by full-length Cbl, or bone resorption. These data indicate that the Cbl RDLPPPP(540-546) sequence is a functionally important binding site for Src.
Development of microLIPS (Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems): a novel microfluidic assay for rapid serum antibody detection

There is considerable interest in the development of rapid, point-of-care antibody detection for the diagnosis of infectious and auto-immune diseases. In this paper, we present work on the development of a self-contained microfluidic format for the Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS) assay. Whereas the majority of immunoassays for antigen-specific antibodies employ either bacteria- or yeast-expressed proteins and require the use of secondary antibodies, the LIPS technique uses a fusion protein comprised of a Renilla luciferase reporter and the antigen of interest produced via mammalian cell culture, ensuring the addition of mammalian post-translational modifications. Patient serum is mixed with the fusion protein and passed over immobilized Protein A/G; after washing, the only remaining luciferase-tagged antigens are those retained by specific antibodies. These can be quantitatively measured using chemiluminescence upon the introduction of coelenterazine. The assay has been successfully employed for a wide variety of diseases in a microwell format. We report on a recent demonstration of rapid HSV-2 diagnosis with the LIPS assay in a microfluidic format, using one microliter of serum and obtaining results in under ten minutes. We will also discuss recent progress on two fronts, both aimed at the deployment of this technology in the field: first, simplifying assay operation through the automation of flow control using power-free means; and second, efforts to increase signal levels, primarily through strategies to increase antibody binding capacity, in order to move towards portable battery powered electronics.
Path integral approach to multidimensional quantum tunnelling

Path integral formulation of the coupled channel problem in the case of multidimensional quantum tunneling is presented and two-time influence functionals are introduced. The two-time influence functionals are calculated explicitly for the three simplest cases: Harmonic oscillators linearly or quadratically coupled to the translational motion and a system with finite number of equidistant energy levels linearly coupled to the translational motion. The effects of these couplings on the transmission probability are studied for two limiting cases, adiabatic case and when the internal system has a degenerate energy spectrum. The condition for the transmission probability to show a resonant structure is discussed and exemplified. Finally, the properties of the dissipation factor in the adiabatic limit and its correlation with the friction coefficient in the classically accessible region are studied.
Effect of testing environment on intergranular microsuperplasticity in an aluminum MMC

Abstract A correlation between the testing environment and the observed high temperature deformation characteristics of a Al 6090 (Al Mg Si Fe Cu alloy) + 25 vol.% SiCp metal matrix composite (MMC) has been conducted. Post deformation observations were performed on similar material specimens tested in uniaxial tension to failure within either air or argon high temperature environments. Intragranular grain boundary whiskers that exhibited exceptionally high local superplastic-like elongations were observed when deformed in air at a temperature which was approximately 80% of, or greater than, the incipient melting point of the matrix and at a strain-rate of 4 × 10 −4 s −1 ; whereas in a relatively pure argon environment under similar deformation conditions, the whiskering phenomenon (i.e. microsuperplastic whiskering, MSPW) at failure was not observed. Differential thermal analysis of the MMC microstructure verified that the observed MSPW behavior was a solid-state deformation process rather than being related to the presence of a liquid or semi-solid. The chemical constitution of the observed whiskers is thermodynamically most likely to be of a spinel compound, MgAl 2 O 4 .
Patient receipt of, and preferences for receiving, antidepressant information

Objective — The purpose of the study was to examine patient receipt of, and preferences for receiving, antidepressant information. Method/setting — The study had a cross-sectional design. Eight community pharmacies in central North Carolina participated in the study. Eighty-three English-speaking patients who were picking up antidepressant prescriptions were interviewed by a research assistant. The main outcome measures included: patient receipt of verbal antidepressant information; the number and type of educational messages contained in the written antidepressant leaflets that patients received; the percentage of patients who had a reading level below the reading level of the antidepressant information leaflet; whether patients reported reading the leaflets and how satisfied they were with the leaflets; and how patients preferred to receive antidepressant information. Key findings — Seventeen per cent of patients did not receive verbal information about how long the medication would take to work from anyone. Only 50 per cent of patients were told what to do if a major side effect occurred. Almost 11 per cent of patients had a reading level below the level of the written pharmacy antidepressant information leaflet. Just over one-third (36 per cent) of patients preferred to receive only written antidepressant information. Less educated patients were significantly more likely to want to receive antidepressant information verbally. Of those patients who preferred to receive verbal antidepressant information or both verbal and written information, 92 per cent chose pharmacists as their first or second choice for providing them with verbal information. Conclusion — The majority of patients taking antidepressants want to receive verbal information and view pharmacists as an important source of information. Pharmacists have the potential to improve antidepressant adherence if they take the time to educate patients verbally about their medications.
Valuation of East-South trade data

Trade between the developing countries and Eastern Europe has been less subjected to analytical scrutiny than trade among other regions. This is partly because the share of this trade in world trade is relatively small, but also because economic information and data on this trade are scarce, incomplete and of uncertain reliability. The objective of this article is to place East-South trade in perspective, review the available databases bearing on this trade, and examine the main analytical problems involved in the use of such data.
EVIDENCE FOR GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN TARGETS FROM THE DIABETES CONTROL AND COMPLICATIONS TRIAL

Purpose: To discuss targets for glycated hemoglobin in the context of findings in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the followup Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Findings: The DCCT demonstrated that intensive diabetes therapy is effective in reducing the glycated hemoglobin level in comparison with a program of conventional therapy. For the duration of the DCCT--a mean of 6.5 years and up to 9 years--subjects in the conventional-therapy group remained at or near the glycated hemoglobin level of 9.0%, which was the starting point for all study subjects. In contrast, in the intensive-therapy group, glycated hemoglobin was rapidly reduced to a 7.0% level and maintained between 7.0 and 7.5% to the end of the study period. For the intensive-therapy group, the calculated gain of complications-free living was 15.3 years, and the gain in life span was 5.1 years. A 1.54-fold risk of weight gain was observed in the intensive-therapy group; at the end of the study...
The lifetime of the dimuon atom

The weak decay of a muon in the ground state of a dimuon atom is analysed. Although the two muons are correlated by Fermi-Dirac statistics, it is shown that, in marked contrast to the seemingly analogous case of neutron beta-decay in3H, statistics have no effect on the muon decay rate. The distinction between the two cases is discussed.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LAURICIDIN IN MECHANICALLY DEBONED CHICKEN, MINCED FISH AND CHICKEN SAUSAGE

Aerobic plate counts on Plate Count Agar at 25°C were used to determine the time required to reach a microbial spoilage level of 1.0 × 107 C.F.U./g, for mechanically deboned chicken meat, minced fish and chicken sausage stored at 2°C. The storage times were 5, 8 and 9 days, respectively. Addition of citric acid (0.2%), ascorbic acid (0.2%) or lauricidin (250 ppm) alone extended the shelf-life by 0–2 days. The combination of lauricidin and citric acid or lauricidin and ascorbic acid extended the time required to reach a microbial spoilage level for mechanically deboned chicken meat by as much as 7 days, minced fish by as much 4 days and chicken sausage by 8 days.
Where Do Tigers Sleep at Night? The State's Role in Housing Policy in South Korea and Singapore*

A statist perspective holds that the autonomous state has enabled East Asian NICs, notably South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, to achieve economic success. I challenge this perspective by showing that sociopolitical rela- tions between the state and other social actors have deeply affected state actions in housing development in South Korea and Singapore. I demonstrate that the state role in housing is influenced by the nature of the political coalition the state has established with other social groups to promote economic growth. In South Korea, an exclusive developmental coalition between the state and large capitalists forced the state to minimize its role in housing provision and severely reduced state auton- omy in controlling real estate speculation. In contrast, the state in Singapore has been proactive in providing public housing and controlling landownership on the basis of a balanced relation between growth and populist coalitions. This study sug- gests that the state role in national development needs to be understood in the con- text of political processes among social actors, such as political coalitions between the state and other social actors. The state can succeed in fostering social develop-
Failure of Ascorbic Acid to Influence Albuminuria and Hematuria in Nephritis.

SummaryIn 5 patients with hematuria due to acute or subacute nephritis, the administration of ascorbic acid in massive doses over a period of 6 to 10 days sufficient to saturate the body stores had no significant effect on the amount of hematuria or albuminuria. In one case there was a definite decrease but coincidental spontaneous improvement could not be excluded.
Use of glycoprotein antigen in the immunodiffusion test for bovine leukemia virus antibodies

Abstract The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for detection of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antibody was modified by substitution of glycoprotein antigen for p 24 , the etherstable, internal viral antigen used in earlier investigations. This modified AGID test was compared with a complement fixation (CF) test that had shown superior sensitivity to the first AGID procedure. Sera from 263 cattle in commercial dairy herds were tested. The glycoprotein AGID test detected BLV antibodies in 171 sera, but the CF test detected only 134 . In monthly examinations of sera from animals in a BLV experimental herd, the AGID test consistently detected more infected cattle. After experimental or natural infection, 14 of 19 cattle seroconverted to both the AGID and CF tests the same month. When antibodies were detected by only one test, it was usually the AGID test. Colostral antibodies in 2 calves from BLV-infected dams were detected longer by the AGID test than by the CF. These results show that the glycoprotein AGID test is more sensitive than the CF test for detection of BLV antibodies in cattle sera. The AGID test also offers distinct advantages in its simplicity and specificity and promises to be a useful tool for the development of BLV control and eradication programs.
Cell Survival within Pulp and Periodontal Constructs

The purpose of this study was to measure cell survival and degradation within tissue-engineered dental constructs. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PLSCs) were seeded on three types of tissue engineering scaffolds: a synthetic open-cell D,D-L,L-polylactic acid (polymer) scaffold, a bovine collagen scaffold (collagen), and a calcium phosphate bioceramic (calcium phosphate) scaffold. The dental pulp and periodontal constructs (n = 144) were maintained in cell culture for between 3 and 14 days. The cell survival and degradation within the constructs were measured using histologic criteria. The DPSC and PLSC survival was optimal in the polymer and collagen constructs but not the calcium phosphate constructs, especially over longer time periods. These in vitro results suggest that both the polymer and collagen scaffolds and the DPSCs and PLSCs can be combined to create pulp and periodontal constructs for use in future regenerative dental treatments.
Second or third order control theory for constant-temperature hot-wire anemometers?

It is shown that only a third order control theory is capable of describing dynamically optimized modern constant-temperature hot-wire anemometers. Second order theories or approximations contain serious errors in judgment.
Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy After Extrapleural Pneumonectomy in the Combined-Modality Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Introduction: Local therapy is becoming increasingly important as a part of the definitive treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma after extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) because of the emergence of trimodality therapy consisted of chemotherapy, EPP, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Herein, we explore the current evidence and indications for adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), as well as how to further improve this technique and adapt new technology in the delivering adjuvant radiotherapy in the setting of trimodality therapy. Methods: A systematic review of relevant studies identified through PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science), the Cochrane Library, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse search engines was performed. Results: Local control remains poor despite the inclusion of conventional adjuvant radiation therapy in trimodality therapy. This can be improved by the delivery of adjuvant IMRT. However, IMRT can be associated with severe pulmonary toxicity if the radiation dose to the remaining lung is not kept to a very low level. This is especially true when patients are receiving chemotherapy. New advances in technology can allow for lower doses to the contralateral lung, decreased treatment delivery time, and improved target dose coverage. Conclusion: Excellent local control can be achieved through adjuvant IMRT after EPP for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Severe pulmonary toxicity may be avoided by setting stringent dose constraints for the contralateral lung. This can be aided by the advances in technology. Post-treatment surveillance may be reliably conducted by periodical [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging.
Development of Nickel Wire Bonding for High-Temperature Packaging of SiC Devices

This paper describes a detailed investigation of an ultrasonic nickel wire bonding technique for silicon carbide (SiC) devices, and its comparison with a thermosonic wire bonding process, for high-temperature applications. The study focuses on bonding 25-mum-diameter Ni wires to 750-nm-thick Ni pads deposited on 3C-SiC substrates. First, the Ni wire bonding recipe is optimized for maximum bond strength using a response surface methodology (RSM) statistical approach. Maximum pull strengths as high as 13.1 gram force (gf) are achieved, far surpassing the military specifications for conventional Au (3.0 gf) and Al (2.5 gf) wire bonds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are used to characterize crack defects on the heel of the bonded wires and verify the absence of cratering. Pull strength and electrical performance of the Ni wire bonds are studied up to 550degC. The utility of Ni wire bonding to Ni pads for wire bonding prior to chemical release of SiC micromechanical devices in KOH and HF is demonstrated. Demonstration of use of Ni wire bonding with Ni pads in a SiC-based chemical sensor and a poly-SiC lateral resonant device is provided, up to 280degC operation for the former and 950degC the latter. Such devices are for example of interest in combustion-related sensor instrumentation.
Reliability of ion mobility spectrometry for qualitative analysis of complex, multicomponent illicit drug samples

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been used for trace analysis of illicit drugs, but it can also provide reliable qualitative analysis of bulk forensic drug items, despite the complexity of these samples. The drug/drug and drug/excipient combinations representing over 80% of the samples reported by state and federal forensic laboratories over the past 7 years were compiled from reports of the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS). From this set of materials, IMS detection windows were set for eight controlled substances, including methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine hydrochloride (MDMA), cocaine, heroin, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and alprazolam. The reduced mobilities of the eight controlled substances were measured over an extended period of time to determine variability with respect to the size of the detection windows. Uncertainties in reduced mobilities smaller than 0.001 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) were obtained, and detection windows were set to between ±0.003 and ±0.005 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1). Reduced mobilities are instrument and operating condition dependent, and must be determined for each instrument. Peak overlaps are observed in the drug/drug combinations, but at least one controlled substance can be detected in each mixture. Excipient concentrations must be quite high (>75 wt%) in binary mixtures to interfere with the detection of the controlled substance. IMS can be used to identify many of the excipients, and can detect multiple (for these samples, as many as 4) substances in complex samples. Over-the-counter (OTC) tablet medications for cold, flu, and allergy relief can be distinguished from tablets containing controlled substances. Bulk materials, including tablets, are sampled simply by using a fine probe to restrict the amount of material transferred to the IMS substrate. IMS represents a distinct advantage over color tests for field analysis of illicit drugs, except in the case of cannabis/THC samples.
Asymptotic stability of second-order linear systems with semidefinite damping.

Equations (19) are solved on a digital computer up to t = 6. The values of /"*(0) and Cf are listed in the following table together with the solution obtained by Scholkemeier based on a Blasius-type expansion. A comparison of the two results shows that they agree to four decimal points. From this simple example, it is clear that the general form of the potential flow assumed in this Note not only enables us to calculate the development of laminar boundary layer over a larger class of plane two-dimensional bodies, but also to extend the usefulness of the Mangier's transformation to a larger class of bodies of revolutions. Furthermore, the generalized form of the potential flow permits a more accurate description of the pressure distributions over the body surface, and in turn improves the boundary-layer calculation.
The effect of acute exercise on endothelial function following a high-fat meal

The transient impairment of endothelial function following a high-fat meal is well established. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) decreases between 2 and 6 h post ingestion. Whether this impairment can be reduced with acute aerobic exercise has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a single sustained aerobic exercise session can counteract the postprandial attenuation in brachial artery FMD associated with the ingestion of a high-fat meal. Eight apparently healthy adults (five men, three women), age 25.5 ± 0.8 years, performed three treatment conditions in a counter-balanced design: (1) low-fat meal alone (LFM), (2) high-fat meal alone (HFM), and (3) one session of aerobic exercise presented 2 h after ingesting a high-fat meal (HFM-EX). The examination of brachial artery FMD was performed at baseline and 4 h following the ingestion of the meal for each treatment condition. A 3 × 2 (treatment × time) repeated measures ANOVA exhibited a significant interaction (P = 0.019). Preprandial FMDs were similar (P = 0.863) among all three treatment conditions. The FMDs following the LFM (7.18 ± 1.31%) and HFM-EX (8.72 ± 0.94%) were significantly higher (P = 0.001) than the FMD following the HFM (4.29 ± 1.64%). FMD was significantly elevated above preprandial values following the HFM-EX (5.61 ± 1.54 to 8.72 ± 0.94%, P = 0.005) but was unchanged following the LFM (6.17 ± 0.94 to 7.18 ± 1.31%, P = 0.317) and the HFM (5.73 ± 1.23 to 4.29 ± 1.64%, P = 0.160). These findings suggest that a single aerobic exercise session cannot only counteract the postprandial endothelial dysfunction induced by the ingestion of a high-fat meal, but also increase brachial artery FMD in apparently healthy adults.
A possible mechanism linking cigarette smoke to higher incidence of respiratory infection and asthma.

Abstract T helper type 1 (Th1) cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity against invading pathogens, while Th2 cells provide help to B cells and control allergic responses. The polarization of naive Th cells into Th1 or Th2 subsets is controlled by dendritic cells (DCs) migrating from the periphery to draining lymph nodes. Migrating DCs carry not only antigen-specific ‘signal 1’ and costimulatory ‘signal 2’, but also Th-polarizing ‘signal 3’ that reflects the nature of the pathogen and the character of the infected tissue. Any changes imposed by external factors on the DC lifecycle may result in an inappropriate immune response. Here we show that DCs developed in a nicotinic environment (nicDCs) fail to support the terminal development of effector memory Th1 cells due to their differential expression of costimulatory molecules and lack of IL-12 production. Interestingly, they adopt critical Th1-promoting function necessary to prevent and fight infections only when the total balance of environmental signals strongly favors Th1 immunity. Notably, in a Th2-biased environment, nicDCs provoke stronger than normal Th2 responses which predisposes the development and exacerbation of asthma. These results help explain the two opposing effects of cigarette smoke on respiratory immune defense mechanisms: (a) immunosuppression against infectious agents and (b) exacerbation of asthma.
Rapid solution of integral equations fast numerical algorithms

Summary form only given. The author discusses an algorithm for the rapid solution of boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions based on iteratively solving integral equations of scattering theory. The algorithm requires an amount of work proportional to n/sup 4/3/, where n is the number of nodes in the discretization of the boundary of the scatterer, and, when it is combined with a generalized conjugate residual type algorithm, the resulting process takes very few iterations to converge, leading to an order n/sup 4/3/ algorithm for the solution of the original scattering problem. A fairly straightforward refinement of the scheme, reducing its CPU time requirements from O(n/sup 4/3/), to O(n log (n)), has also been considered. >
Fuel constrained unit commitment

The authors present a generalized method of solving the unit commitment problem with fuel constraints. The fuel-constrained unit commitment problem is decomposed into a linear fuel dispatch (FD) problem and a unit commitment (UC) problem. The FD problem optimizes system fuel cost while satisfying fuel constraints and unit fuel requirements. It also calculates the effective price at a unit. The unit fuel prices are used in the UC problem with no fuel constraints to calculate the commitment of units and the resulting unit fuel demand. The solution process iterates between UC and FD until no further cost improvement is possible. Results of a utility system with gas constraints are presented to illustrate the highlights of the proposed method. >
“SURVIVAL IS YOUR BUSINESS”: Engineering Ruins and Affect in Nuclear America

In this article, I interrogate the national cultural work performed by the mass circulation of images of a nuclear-bombed United States since 1945. It argues that the production of negative affect has become a central arena of nation-building in the nuclear age, and tracks the visual deployment of nuclear fear on film from the early Cold War project of civil defense through the “war on terror.” It argues that the production and management of negative affect remains a central tool of the national security state, and demonstrates the primary role the atomic bomb plays in the United States as a means of militarizing everyday life and justifying war.
Severe Hyperglycemia During Renally Adjusted Gatifloxacin Therapy

OBJECTIVETo report a case of severe hyperglycemia in a nondiabetic patient receiving gatifloxacin that was properly dosed based on renal function.CASE SUMMARYA 65-year-old nondiabetic female with progressive renal dysfunction was admitted for severe hyperglycemia. The patient had received 9 days of a 10-day course of renally adjusted therapy with gatifloxacin 200 mg/day for bronchitis. Her blood glucose level on admission was 1121 mg/dL, at which point the gatifloxacin was discontinued. After several days of intensive insulin therapy, the blood glucose levels returned to normal, and the patient was subsequently discharged.DISCUSSIONGatifloxacin-induced hyperglycemia has been reported in the literature, but based on a MEDLINE search (1966–December 2004), no such cases were found in a nondiabetic patient receiving the proper gatifloxacin dose, adjusted for degree of renal insufficiency. The available case reports seem to suggest the increase in blood glucose concentrations could have been precipitated by hi...