cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NEUTRALIZATION OF VIRUSES BY HOMOLOGOUS IMMUNE SERUM : I. QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE NEUTRALIZATION REACTION WITH NEWCASTLE DISEASE, INFLUENZA A, AND BACTERIAL VIRUS, T3

Neutralization experiments with Newcastle disease, influenza A, or bacterial virus, T(3), reveal, under all conditions studied, a linear relationship between the logarithm of the serum dilution end point and that of the quantity of virus used. With Newcastle disease and influenza A, the slope of the neutralization line varies markedly with the host-cell system used and in the chick embryo is strikingly affected by the route of inoculation. The other variables examined have no definite effect upon the slope. Reactivation of neutralized influenza virus is demonstrable in the chick embryo on dilution of the mixture. There appears to be an inverse relationship between the degree of susceptibility of a host to infection with influenza A virus and the neutralizing titer of a serum as measured in that host. With the T(3)-serum system, comparable results are obtained when the number of unneutralized virus particles chosen as the end point is varied widely.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of catechols in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.

In multiple system atrophy (MSA) and pure autonomic failure (PAF), orthostatic hypotension (OH) results from deficient noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves during standing. Post-mortem findings have indicated loss of central noradrenergic cells in both diseases. The present study sought in vivo neurochemical evidence for central noradrenergic deficiency in patients with OH due to MSA or PAF. A total of 28 patients with OH (18 with MSA; 10 with PAF) had cerebrospinal fluid and blood sampled for levels of noradrenaline and its neuronal metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol. A control group of 44 subjects included 10 elderly normal volunteers, 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 18 patients with dysautonomia (postural tachycardia syndrome or neurocardiogenic syncope) and six patients with MSA in the absence of OH. Patients with OH had lower cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of noradrenaline (0.53 ± 0.07 nmol/l) and dihydroxyphenylglycol (6.52 ± 0.46 nmol/l) than did control subjects (0.90 ± 0.09 and 9.64 ± 0.46nmol/l respectively; P= 0.0001). The MSA + OH group had higher plasma levels of both catechols (noradrenaline, 1.31 ± 0.16 nmol/l; dihydroxyphenylglycol, 5.08 ± 0.43 nmol/l) than did the PAF group (noradrenaline, 0.38±0.08 nmol/l; dihydroxyphenylglycol, 2.53 ± 0.30 nmol/l; P < 0.001), despite similarly low cerebrospinal fluid levels. Among MSA patients, those with OH had lower cerebrospinal fluid levels of noradrenaline and dihydroxyphenylglycol than those without OH (noradrenaline, 1.71 ± 0.64 nmol/l; dihydroxyphenylglycol, 10.41 ± 1.77nmol/l respectively; P = 0.006). The findings are consistent with central noradrenergic deficiency in both MSA + OH and PAF. In MSA, central noradrenergic deficiency seems to relate specifically to OH.
The structure of amorphous and nanocrystalline metals and alloys

Abstract The structures of amorphous and nanocrystalline materials are characterized by broad or diffuse peaks in their X-ray, neutron, or electron diffraction patterns. A detailed analysis of these patterns permits us to evaluate the topological and chemical short-range order in amorphous materials and the size of the coherently diffracting domains, the elastic strains within these domains, stacking faults, and the dynamic and static atomic displacements in nanocrystalline materials. Amorphous metallic alloys have been prepared by rapid quenching from the vapor and liquid phases, by electron, proton or ion irradiation, by solid state reactions in multilayer films, and by mechanical alloying and mechanical working in high-energy ball mills. The term nanocrystalline metal has been introduced to describe compacted samples of metallic particles or clusters of particles produced from the vapor phase by quenching in an inert gas. Nanocrystalline alloy films have been prepared by vapor-quenching onto a cold substrate. Fine particles of metals and compounds can also be produced by chemical methods and by mechanical grinding. A comparison will be given of the structure of amorphous metallic alloys prepared by liquid-quenching, irradiation, and mechanical alloying. It will be shown that the structure of the amorphous alloy of a particular chemical composition does not depend on the method of preparation. All amorphous metal-metal alloys are characterized by chemical short-range order, i.e. a preference for unlike nearest neighbors. The structure of nanocrystalline metal powders and thin alloy films will be described in terms of particle size and strains, determined from the broadening of the powder pattern peaks, and from the analysis of the atomic distribution functions.
Lost in translation? English- and Spanish-speaking women's perceptions of gestational weight gain safety, health risks and counseling.

Lost in translation? English- and Spanish-speaking women’s perceptions of gestational weight gain safety, health risks and counseling
The Hormonal Control of Ultrasonic Communication in Rodents

SYNOPSIS. The production of high-frequency vocalizations during sexual and agonistic interactions is widespread among rodents. The ubiquity of these signals suggests that they play important roles as social communications in rodent reproduction and population regulation. Furthermore, the consistent association of “ultrasound” production with hormone-dependent sexual andagonistic behaviors suggests that hormones help to coordinate this form of communication with other behavioral and physiological preparations for reproduction. Experiments testing this hypothesis have shown clearly that ultrasound rates depend on gonadal hormones. In addition, the ability of animals to elicit ultrasounds from conspecifics, and their inclination to respond to conspecific ultrasounds, both seem to depend on pituitary or gonadal hormones. This variety of types of hormonal effects on ultrasonic communication increases the extent to which these signals can be integrated with stimuli of other modalities in hormone-dependent chains of communications controlling reproductive success.
Prospects for development and potential impact of a vaccine against congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

A recent review made note of the 50th anniversary of the identification of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) in cell culture, an important milestone that paved the way to today's understanding of the molecular biology, immunology, and clinical importance of this ubiquitous viral infection. 1 In the past 50 years, much progress has been made in the characterization of disease caused by CMV. Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant patients have significant problems with CMV disease, including pneumonia, retinitis, and graft rejection, and there are extensive efforts to identify immune correlates of protection in these populations. 2-4 However, the major concern that pediatricians face with respect to CMV disease is the problem of congenital CMV infection. CMV is the most common congenital viral infection in the developed world, and disease in newborn infants is associated with mental retardation, neurodevelopmental disability, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Preconceptual maternal immunity to CMV, though imperfect, provides protection against infection and disability in newborn infants. This knowledge has driven great interest in the development of candidate CMV vaccines that could, in principle, decrease the underrecognized and underappreciated disease burden associated with this disabling infection.
Effect of phenylpropanolamine and related compounds on β-adrenoceptor-induced activation of adenylyl cyclase

Summary While oral administration of therapeutic doses of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) does little to cardiovascular function in humans, intravenous doses administered to experimental animals are known to alter heart rate and blood pressure. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have documented a β-adrenoceptor agonist action for PPA and thus it was of interest to investigate whether these effects could be partially mediated by a direct interaction with β-adrenoceptors. Phenylpropanolamine, [1R, 2R]-(−)-norephedrine, [1S, 2S]-(+)-norephedrine, [1S, 2R]-(+)-norpseudoephedrine, [S]-(+)-amphetamine, and [1R, 2S]-(−)-ephedrine, were compared with the known β-adrenoceptor agonists [R]-(−)-epinephrine (EPI), [R]-(−)-norepinephrine (NE), and [R * , S * ]-(±)-isoproterenol (ISO) for their ability to increase the intracellular concentration of cyclic-3′, 5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in minces of rat heart. Of the compounds investigated only NE, EPI, and ISO, as well as, forskolin, which directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, significantly (p
Radioiodinated D-(+)-N1-ethyl-2-iodolysergic acid diethylamide : a ligand for in vitro and in vivo studies of serotonin receptors

Abstract Radioiodinated D-(+)-N1-ethyl-2-iodolysergic acid diethylamide ([125I]-EIL) has been evaluated as a ligand for in vitro and in vivo studies of cerebral serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. [125I]-EIL exhibited high affinity (KD = 209 pM for 5-HT2 receptors with a high degree of specific binding (80–95%) in membranes from rat prefrontal cortex. The regional distribution of [125I]-EIL binding in vivo to seven areas of mouse brain correlated significantly (Rs = 0.93) with known densities of 5-HT2 receptors. In vivo specificity, defined by tissue to cerebellum radioactivity ratios, reached a maximum for frontal cortex at 6 hr (21.2) and persisted through 16 hr (8.8). Ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptors antagonist, fully inhibited binding in a dose dependent fashion in all brain regions except cerebellum. By contrast, blockers for dopamine D2, α- or β-adrenergic receptors did not significantly inhibit radioligand binding in any region. [125I]-EIL selectively labels 5-HT2 receptors in vivo with the highest specificity of any serotonergic ligand reported to date, indicating that [123I]-EIL should prove applicable to single photon emission computed tomography studies in living brain.
A linear time bin-packing algorithm

In the bin-packing problem a list L of numbers in (0, 1] is to be packed into unit capacity bins. Let L^* denote the minimum number of bins required. We present a linear time bin-packing algorithm for the off-line version of this problem. The algorithm uses at most 43 L* + 2 bins.
Current adoption practices.

Summary 1. The present study shows that thesocial agencies do better adoption placements than does the well-intentioned or expedient laity. 2. Agency adoption placements arewell done, on the whole, but they do not place enough babies, they do not satisfy enough adopting parents, and they work too slowly. Independent placements will continue as long as the agencies operate as they do now, which will certainly be until they have much more money and many more workers. 3. The probationary period shouldbe, among other things, an escape clause. It should be implemented not only by the power to remove the child from the home, but by the courage to do so when necessary in the child's behalf, over the protests of the adopting parents if need be. 4. Our efforts must continue to educatethe public, which will include potential adopting parents; lay persons who tend to become involved in arranging independent placements; the legislators who frame our laws; and the courts which render decisions on each adoption situation. Thus there will be a wider understanding of the great risks involved and of what constitutes good, safe, and decent practice. 5. The alternative to a bad adoption placement is not homelessness or the orphanage but a good placement.
Sequence variants of the DRD4 gene in autism: Further evidence that rare DRD4 7R haplotypes are ADHD specific

A high prevalence of rare dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) alleles in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported [Grady et al., 2003]. In this prior study, extensive resequencing/haplotype data of the DRD4 locus was used to suggest that population stratification was not the explanation for the high prevalence of rare alleles. In the current study, DNA resequencing/haplotyping was conducted on 136 DRD4 alleles obtained from autism probands, collected from the same geographic population as the prior ADHD probands (Orange County, CA). A number of studies have suggested that the susceptibility genes underlying these two disorders might partially overlap. Rare DRD4 variants were not uncovered in this autism sample beyond that expected by chance. These results suggest strongly that the high prevalence of rare DRD4 alleles in ADHD probands is due to ascertainment of the sample by diagnosis of ADHD.
An analysis of the sequence dependence of the structure and energy of A‐ and B‐DNA models using molecular mechannics

Molecular-mechanics calculations have been carried out on the base-paired hexanucleoside pentaphosphates d(TATATA)2, d(ATATAT)2, d(A6)·d(T6), d(CGCGCG)2, d(GCGCGC)2, and d(C6)·d(G6) in both A- and B-DNA geometries. The calculated relative energies of these polymers are consistent with the relative stabilities of the polymers found experimentally. In particular, the results of our calculations support the observation that the homopolymer d(A)n·d(T)n is more stable in a B-DNA conformation, while the homopolymer d(G)n·d(C)n is more stable in an A-DNA conformation. The molecular interactions responsible for these differential stabilities include both inter- and intrastrand base stacking, as well as base–phosphate interactions. While definitive experiments on the heteropolymer stabilities have not yet been carried out, the results of our calculations also suggest a greater stability of the purine-3′,5′-pyrimidine sequence over the pyrimidine-3′,5′-purine sequence in both the A- and B-conformations. The reason for this greater stability lies in the importance of the inherent directionality (5′ 3′ vs 3′ 5′) of phosphate–base and base–base interactions. The largest conformation change observed on energy refinement is sugar repuckering, which occurs mainly on pyrimidine-attched sugars and only in the B-DNA geometry. We suggest a molecular mechanism, specifically, differential base–sugar steric interactions involving neighboring sugars, to explain why this repuckering occurs more with d(A6)·d(T6) than with other isomers.
The C-C interaction energy in iron-carbon solid solutions

Abstract A second-order statistical mechanical technique based upon cumulant expansions has been shown to be appropriate for the solid solutions of C in f.c.c. iron. This technique has been applied to all the currently available C-activity data for austenite in order to extract the C-C interaction energy. This energy is such that C-atoms repel each other in austenite. The strength of the repulsive interaction decreases slightly with increasing temperature. It is shown that the extent to which thermodynamic data for the C-b.c.c. Fe solid solution show deviations from simple quasi-regular behavior is so small that it is not possible to derive C-C interaction energies from such data.
The temporal connection between smiles and blinks

In this paper, we present evidence for a temporal relationship between eye blinks and smile dynamics (smile onset and offset). Smiles and blinks occur with high frequency during social interaction, yet little is known about their temporal integration. To explore the temporal relationship between them, we used an Active Appearance Models algorithm to detect eye blinks in video sequences that contained manually FACS-coded spontaneous smiles (AU 12). We then computed the temporal distance between blinks and smile onsets and offsets. Our data shows that eye blinks are correlated with the end of the smile and occur close to the offset, but before the lip corners stop moving downwards. Furthermore, a marginally significant effect suggests that eye blinks are suppressed (less frequent) before smile onset. For computer-generated characters, this model of the timing of blinks relative to smiles may be useful in creating compelling facial animations.
The Green ring and modular representations of finite groups of Lie type

Abstract In the setting of the Green ring, the well-known “inclusion-exclusion” principle of elementary combinatorial theory is applied to study the set of indecomposable summands of the permutation module of a Sylow p -subgroup, yielding results about these modules and their endomorphism rings.
Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Electrocatalysts for NADH Oxidation

NADH electrocatalysts have been an area of study for over 3 decades. Polyazines have been popular electrocatalysts of choice for NADH oxidation for both sensors and biofuel cell applications. However, little is known about the structure and function relationship between these polyazines and their ability for NADH oxidation. In this paper, we utilize XPS, SEM, and NMR to evaluate the structure of polyazines and relate that to their electrochemical properties.
Behavioral and psychological correlates of a difference in chronic sleep duration.

Abstract The relationship between chronic differences in sleep duration and waking behaviors was explored by comparing two groups of 10 healthy male university students who regularly slept nocturnally for 7–8 h or for 9.5–10.5 h. Measurements were obtained of sublingual temperature, from a 45 min Wilkinson auditory vigilance task and a mood adjective check list 30 min after awakening in the morning, at midday and in the early evening following an electroencephalographically recorded night of sleep. In both subject groups body temperatures increased from morning to early evening, while misses on the vigilance task correspondingly declined during the day. The average daily level of oral temperature and performance were significantly lower in the 7–8 h (control) group than in the long sleepers. Positive mood states (Cheerful, Energetic, General Activation, High Activation) were significantly greater and negative affects (Anger-Hostility, Depression) significantly less in the long sleepers. As a result of the mean difference in total sleep time existing between groups control subjects averaged significantly less stage 2, and stage REM sleep. It was postulated that there were behavioral deficits in the control group attributable either to selective sleep stage deprivation or to the general consequence of reduced sleep per se or to both of these factors.
Field evolution of tilted vortex cores in exchange-biased ferromagnetic dots

We developed an analytical model for the magnetization reversal via vortex nucleation and annihilation in double-layer ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic cylindrical dots. The coupling of the ferromagnet to the antiferromagnet is modeled by means of an interfacial exchange field. The nonuniformity of the magnetization reversal mode perpendicular to the layers is explicitly included and results in a tilted vortex core (tilted Bloch line). The vortex core tilt results in an asymmetry of the nucleation and annihilation fields, which are calculated as a function of the dot geometry.
Meditations on style

At the 1968 NATO Conference on Software Engineering,1 Edsger W. Dijkstra remarked that he found his position, as a teacher, analogous to that of a teacher of composition at a school of music. This paper wishes to pursue this analogy in greater detail. In particular, the role of style in computer science education is assessed in terms of the corresponding role it plays in music education.
Potential for stratigraphic folding near ice-sheet centers

Lack of agreement between the deep portions of the Greenland Icecore Project (GRIP) and Greenland Ice Sheet Project II (GISP2) ice cores from central Greenland suggests that folds may disrupt annual layering, even near ice divides. We use a simple kinematic flow model to delineate regions where slope disturbances (“wrinkles”) introduced into the layering could overturn into recumbent folds, and where they would flatten, leaving the stratigraphic record intact. Wrinkles are likely to originate from flow disturbances caused internally by inhomogeneities and anisotropy in the ice rheological properties, rather than from residual surface structures (sastrugi), or from open folds associated with transient flow over bed topography. If wrinkles are preferentially created in anisotropic ice under divides, where the resolved shear stress in the easy-glide direction can be weak and variable, then the deep intact climate record at Dye 3 may result from its greater distance from the divide. Alternatively, the larger simple shear at Dye 3 may rapidly overturn wrinkles, so that they are not recognizable as folds. The ice-core record from Siple Dome may be intact over a greater fraction of its depth compared to the central Greenland records if its flat bedrock precludes fluctuations in the stress orientation near the divide.
Maximal Protori in Compact Topological Groups

: The analysis of Lie groups depends to a large extent on their maximal tori. For a compact connected topological group G, the subgroups analogous to the maximal tori are the maximal connected Abelian subgroups. As in Hofmann and Morris [7] we call them maximal protori. We sharpen some results of [7] by showing that each maximal protorus is in a natural way the projective limit of maximal tori Tα in the corresponding Gα, where G= projGα. This sharpened characterization together with some methods of Moskowitz [4], [10] will be used to show that a number of well-known theorems concerning Lie groups extend in a natural way to all compact connected groups.
13C and 18O isotopic disequilibrium in biological carbonates: II. In vitro simulation of kinetic isotope effects

Biological carbonates are built largely from CO2, which diffuses across the skeletogenic membrane and reacts to form HCO−3. Kinetic discrimination against the heavy isotopes 18O and 13C during CO2 hydration and hydroxylation apparently causes most of the isotopic disequilibrium observed in biological carbonates. These kinetic isotope effects are expressed when the extracytosolic calcifying solution is thin and alkaline, and HCO−3 precipitates fairly rapidly as CaCO3. In vitro simulation of the calcifying environment produced heavy isotope depletions qualitatively similar to, but somewhat more extreme than, those seen in biological carbonates. Isotopic equilibration during biological calcification occurs through CO2 exchange across the calcifying membrane and by admixture ambient waters (containing HCO−3) into the calcifying fluids. Both mechanisms tend to produce linear correlations between skeletal δ13C and δ18O.
SMOOTH NUMBERS IN SHORT INTERVALS

We show that for any ∊ > 0, there exists c > 0, such that for all x sufficiently large, there are x1/2 (log x)-log 4 - o(1) integers , all of whose prime factors are .
The analysis of the near IR of some organic and organometallic compounds by photoacoustic spectroscopy

Abstract The photoacoustic spectrum (PAS) was measured in the near IR region (1000 to 2600 nm) for organic compounds (C 6 H 6 , C 6 D 6 , C 7 H 8 , and C 6 H 12 ) and organometallic compounds (Cp 2 Fe, Cp 2 Fe 2 (CO) 4 , Cp 4 Fe 4 (CO) 4 , Cp 4 Fe 4 S 4 , C 6 H 6 Cr(CO) 3 , CpCo(C 4 Ph 4 ) and CpCo(CO) 2 ). Band assignments were made by comparison to the infrared spectra. The bands were assigned as the CH overtone stretch and combinations of CH and other IR fundamentals. These bands provide fingerprint spectra for these compounds.
GAS ontology: an ontology for collaboration among ubiquitous computing devices

Walker and Smelcer (Proceedings of the CHI 90, ACM, New York, 1990, pp. 221-225) found that menus could be selected faster if they were placed against the edge of the screen. Doing so creates an impenetrable border between the menu and the edge of the screen that the mouse cursor cannot penetrate. This changes how users move the mouse, so that selection times quicken compared to menus with a penetrable border. Experiment 1 investigated the effect that practice has on the acquisition of objects with and without impenetrable borders. The findings suggest that excessive practice was not necessary to demonstrate border type differences; thus, the advantage of having impenetrable borders seems to be relatively instantaneous. However, it was not readily apparent whether or not participants would realize the advantages of impenetrable borders without instruction. Thus, the primary purpose of Experiment 2 was to assess whether or not users would discover the benefits of impenetrable borders spontaneously. Participants were assigned to either the penetrable or impenetrable border condition. Additionally, participants received either full instruction concerning the benefits of the target placement, or limited instruction that simply informed the participant about the nature of the task. The results demonstrated that participants receiving limited instruction selected targets with impenetrable borders faster than participants who selected objects with a penetrable border. However, an exploratory comparison suggests that only 50% of participants who received limited instruction actually detected the impenetrable border. An additional comparison suggests that with practice the participants who were successful at detecting the impenetrable border selected the targets as quickly as participants who received full instruction concerning the benefits of impenetrable borders. The findings suggest that with full instruction, all users will perform reduced selection times. Given that not all participants discovered the impenetrable border it suggests that, whenever possible, users should receive instruction pertaining to the benefits of the impenetrable borders.
The Silicate Material in Comets

Silicates in comets appear to be a mix of high-temperature crystalline enstatite and forsterite plus glassy or amorphous grains that formed at lower temperatures. The mineral identifications from the 10 and 20 μm cometary spectra are consistent with the composition of anhydrous chondritic aggregate IDPs. The origin of the cometary silicates remains puzzling. While the evidence from the IDPs points to a pre-solar origin of both crystalline and glassy components, the signatures of crystalline silicates appear in the spectra of young stellar objects only at a late evolutionary stage, when comets are the likely source of the dust.
Adaptive modeling of viral diseases in bats with a focus on rabies

Many emerging and reemerging viruses, such as rabies, SARS, Marburg, and Ebola have bat populations as disease reservoirs. Understanding the spillover from bats to humans and other animals, and the associated health risks requires an analysis of the disease dynamics in bat populations. Traditional compartmental epizootic models, which are relatively easy to implement and analyze, usually impose unrealistic aggregation assumptions about disease-related structure and depend on parameters that frequently are not measurable in field conditions. We propose a novel combination of computational and adaptive modeling approaches that address the maintenance of emerging diseases in bat colonies through individual (intra-host) models of the response of the host to a viral challenge. The dynamics of the individual models are used to define survival, susceptibility and transmission conditions relevant to epizootics as well as to develop and parametrize models of the disease evolution into uniform and diverse populations. Applications of the proposed approach to modeling the effects of immunological heterogeneity on the dynamics of bat rabies are presented.
Demonstration of microfibrils in Bruch's membrane of the eye

Abstract The cationic dyes ruthenium red and alcian blue were used to visualize a population of microfibrils in Bruch's membrane, a compound basement membrane located in the uveal tract of the eye between the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris. Microfibrils were tubular structures, 10–12 nm in diameter, that showed a characteristic beaded pattern. The majority of microfibrils appeared as a dense mantle around the layer of amorphous elastin. Microfibrils and collagen fibers were also present as a loosely organized meshwork in the collagenous zone of the membrane. Microfibrils were also seen along the basal surface of the retinal pigment epithelium where they appeared to insert into the substance of the basal lamina. Ruthenium red staining of microfibrils was not abolished by prior exposure of tissue to several kinds of degradative enzymes. The findings suggest that the elastic properties of Bruch's membrane may depend on both the elastin and microfibrillar components.
Syntheses of 14C‐labelled monoacidic metabolites of dithiopyr

Convenient methods for the selective hydrolysis of the thioester groups of dithiopyr to the corresponding carboxylic acid are described. 2-(Difluoromethyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-5-[(methylthio)carbonyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridine-4-14C-carboxylic acid (2) was obtained by simple potassium hydroxide hydrolysis of 14C-labelled dithiopyr. A more involve strategy was necessary for the preparation of the isomeric carboxylic acid 6-(difluoromethyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-5-[(methylthio) carbonyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridine-4-14C-carboxylic acid (3)
Effects of selected psychoactive agents on bicuculline-induced convulsions in mice

Abstract The effects of selected psychoactive drugs from several drug classes on bicuculline-induced convulsions were evaluated in mice. The benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam and oxazepam, protected mice against both clonic and tonic seizures. Likewise, phenobarbital, meprobamate and ethanol also antagonized both clonic and tonic seizures. Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., imipramine, amitriptyline and doxepin) blocked tonic seizures; however, the mice still exhibited marked clonic seizures leading to death. In contrast, other antidepressants (e.g., nomifensin, mianserin and iprindole) failed to block either tonic or clonic seizures. Haloperidol, chlorpromazine, muscimol and amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) failed to block either clonic or tonic seizures. These results suggest that in addition to GABA, other neurotransmitters may play a role at least in the tonic component of bicuculline convulsions.
Cyclic variation in the amplitude of a brain stem reflex during sleep and wakefulness

In frei beweglichen Katzen wurden Veranderungen des Reflexes zum Musculus massetericus wahrend des Schlafes und im Wachzustand untersucht. Eine graduelle Abnahme der Amplitude des Reflexes wurde beobachtet, wenn die Tiere vom Wachzustand uber eine «schlafrige Phase» (drowsy state) in die sogenannte «ruhige Schlafphase» (quiet sleep) gelangten. Wahrend des paradoxalen Schlafes (active sleep) waren die Amplituden der Reflexpotentiale hochgradig herabgesetzt.
Asexual Embryogenesis via Callus of Theobroma cacao L.

Summary Callus of Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) possessing embryogenic competence occurred spontaneously with two clones of asexual embryos proliferated in vitro in a hormone-free basal medium by hypocotylary budding. Asexual embryogenesis via callus occurred at low frequency in the hormone-free basal medium. High concentrations of 2,4-D plus coconut water stimulated callus production and suppressed embryo production. Maximum frequency and intensity of embryogenesis occurred at 10−3 to 10−2 mg·l 2,4-D. Embryos originated from meristematic tissue at the periphery of callus clumps. During development asexual embryos either remained embedded in the callus or were connected through suspensor-like structures.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Opiate Addiction: Implications for Medications Development

Abstract Progress is being made in identifying molecular and cellular adaptations induced in specific brain regions by long-term opiate exposure and in relating these adaptations to specific aspects of opiate addiction. In the locus coeruleus, the major noradrenergic nucleus in brain which plays an important role in physical opiate dependence and withdrawal, upregulation of the cAMP pathway in response to chronic opiate administration has been shown to be one important mechanism involved. In the mesolimbic dopamine system, which plays an important role in the reinforcing effects of opiates after short- and long-term exposure, some similar and some different types of opiate-induced adaptations have been identified. As an increasingly complete understanding of opiate action is obtained, this knowledge will provide the framework for the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat opiate addiction.
Dependence of Tc of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x on high temperature cycling and oxygen stoichiometry

Abstract A strong correlation of the superconducting transition temperature T c with the weight loss during thermal cycling and annealing of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+ x is reported. An increase of T c (measured by DC magnetization from 68 K to a maximum of 95 K corresponding to a weight loss of 0.16% (measured by thermogravimetry) is observed. It is believed that the weight loss is due to oxygen and that excess oxygen resides in the BiO planes.
Responsibility of the Infectious Disease Community for Optimal Use of Antibiotics: Views of the Membership of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

A questionnaire was sent to 1,500 members and fellows of the Infectious Diseases Society of American to elicit their views on the use of antimicrobial agents. The rate of return was 58.7%. A high proportion of respondents (86.8%) stated that they had a strong professional interest in antimicrobial therapy and were active in infection control and antibiotic use in their institutions--488 hospitals including community, university, children's, and governmental facilities. The membership was concerned with problems of antibiotic use in hospitals, laboratory methods of reporting susceptibility, promotional practices of industry, and development of microbial resistance. Members were troubled by how best to deal with excessive use of antibiotics in hospitals. Respondents strongly supported efforts to improve the control of antimicrobial use in hospitals and to examine issues of drug use and resistance in developing countries; they provided suggestions for development of a code of ethical conduct with industry.
Perceptual and Oculomotor Reactions to Interacting Visual and Vestibular Stimulation

Abstract : Six men received repeated vestibular stimulation under several conditions of visual stimulation. Nystagmus, suppressed during brief room illumination, recovered almost completely in a following period of darkness; the subjective response remained suppressed. A small light (or large fixation field) inhibited nystagmus but did not suppress the subjective response. Apparently any visual still fixation field suppressess nystagmus, but the subjective response depends upon visual sensory information denying relative motion between the fixation field and the earth; intellectual information alone is ineffective. Nystagmic and subjective reactions diminish with repeated rotation. Only the subjective reaction recovered after a 9-day rest. (Author)
Nonscalar matrix polynomial representation of some scalar polynomials

Abstract We show how a class of scalar polynomials can be expressed as nonscalar matrix polynomials to which matrix methods can be applied that yield improvements over scalar results and generate new ones. To demonstrate the advantages of this approach, we use it to compute bounds for the zeros of those polynomials.
The golden pig, reflections as ancestral blessings: the reflecting process in teaching family therapy.

This is an example of a postmodern, dialogical approach to teaching family therapy based on the work of such practitioners as Tom Andersen, Michael White, and Lynn Hoffman, among others. It demonstrates the way in which the reflecting process connects all of the participants in a web of meanings both educational and transformational. This particular consultation, which includes the author, her graduate students, the client, and guest participant Lynn Hoffman, ends with an unexpected ritual of intergenerational appreciation. Privileging the transcript, it is presented as a kind of theatre where the learning is revealed more through the dialogue than through authorial analysis. The experience is embedded in an “ethics of participation” (Hoffman, 1992) where social connectedness and attunement are key. 摘要 这是依据诸如Tom Andersen, Michael White 和 Lynn Hoffman等从业者的成果用后现代、对话式方法教授家庭治疗的一个案例。它展示了这个反思过程如何以既有教育意义又有转化意义的方式让所有参与者联系进来。这一具体咨询案例包含作者、作者的研究生、客户以及来宾Lynn Hoffman,并以意想不到的代间赞赏礼节结束。本案例注重脚本,以一种剧院形式呈现,知识在其中通过对话而非作者分析方式得以展现。本经历嵌入“参与伦理”(Hoffman, 1992),其关键在于社会联系与协调。 Resumen Este es un ejemplo de un enfoque posmoderno y dialogico de la ensenanza de la terapia familiar basado en el trabajo de profesionales como Tom Andersen, Michael White y Lynn Hoffman, entre otros. Dicho enfoque demuestra la manera en la cual el proceso reflexivo conecta a todos los participantes a una red de significados tanto educativos como transformacionales. El enfoque consiste en seminarios especiales, integrados por la autora, sus alumnos de postgrado, el paciente y la participante invitada, Lynn Hoffman, que concluyen con un ritual inesperado de agradecimiento intergeneracional. Privilegiando la transcripcion, los seminarios se presentan como un tipo de teatro donde el aprendizaje se revela mas claramente a traves del dialogo que a traves del analisis de la autora. La experiencia esta arraigada en una “etica de la participacion” (Hoffman, 1992) donde la conexion y la empatia son clave.
Femtomolar sensitivity DNA photonic crystal nanowire array ultrasonic mass sensor

Femtomolar concentration DNA detection is important as this is the concentration needed for early-stage cancer and bacterial infection diagnosis application [1]. Here, we present the first-ever nanomechanical mass-sensing resonator with ordered vertical nanowire (NW) arrays on top of a Si/SiO 2 bilayer thin membrane acting as a photonic crystal. The device has a very high surface area-to-volume ratio of 108 m−1, enabling DNA sensing of femtomolar concentration. Moreover, the nanowire array forms a photonic crystal that shows strong light trapping and absorption over broad-band optical wavelengths, enabling high-efficiency broad-band opto-thermo-mechanical remote device actuation and biosensing on chip. This method represents a mass-based platform technology that can sense molecules at low concentrations.
Making global faith universal: Media and a Brazilian prosperity movement

Abstract One characteristic of Brazilian neo‐Pentecostal ministries that draw on the Faith Movement is an accentuation of performative and metonymic linkages between supernatural power and ritual. While sharing elements with a broader transnational Faith movement, this Prosperity theology and its associated practices emerge out of the contemporary sociocultural context of Brazilian ‘popular’ religions as they relate to a consumer economy. The paper addresses the role of particular kinds of objects and material media in the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Such symbolic media configure a distinctly Pentecostal projection of local‐global relations. The analysis also considers an example of temple architecture and the construction of a Biblical theme park by the Universal Church in Rio de Janeiro. The symbolic and metonymic treatment of physical space builds up connections between believers, temporality, certain forms of historicity, and sacred geography in a way that resonates with other activities i...
Lymphotropic nanoparticle enhanced MRI for the staging of genitourinary tumors

Nanotechnology is poised to have a substantial influence on biomedicine. A unique example of a nanotechnology that has progressed from proof-of-concept to human clinical trials is the use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a cell-specific contrast agent for MRI. When injected systemically, these particles are taken up by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system and accumulate in lymph nodes. This passive, cell-specific targeting of the iron oxide nanoparticles to lymph nodes, and the differential cellular content of benign versus malignantly infiltrated nodes make this method suitable for cancer staging. By using lymphotropic nanoparticle enhanced MRI, differences in benign versus malignant infiltration of lymph nodes can be visualized, which adds accuracy to standard MRI beyond criteria based solely upon the size and shape of lymph nodes. This technology has been used to assess lymph node metastases in a large number of human cancer types. In this Review, we focus on lymphotropic nanoparticle enhanced MRI and its application for the staging of genitourinary malignancies.
The bifurcation to homoclinic tori in the quasiperiodically forced Duffing oscillator

Abstract Using recently developed techniques of Wiggins [1988] we study the bifurcation to homoclinic tori in the quasiperiodically forced Duffing oscillator. We show how homoclinic tori give rise to chaotic dynamics for single-degree-of-freedom quasiperiodically forced oscillators in much the same way as Smale horseshoes in the periodically forced case. We give a complete description of the bifurcation set in the five-dimensional parameter space for the two-frequency forced Duffing oscillator and then show how the two-frequency results can be used to understand the effects of an arbitrary (but finite) number of frequencies.
Enhancing Student Learning and Retention through the Merger of the Academic and Student Affairs Unit: The Olivet Plan:

This article is based upon a case study that highlights one private liberal arts institution, Olivet College, which embarked upon an institutional transformation process that merged both the academic and student affairs units into one. The objective of such an undertaking was to enhance student learning, strengthen the connection between the curriculum and the co-curriculum, and expand upon assessing student-learning outcomes. The article presents the societal context and guiding assumptions as they relate to the complex tasks of merging both divisions. It introduces the conceptual framework behind the Olivet Plan, highlighting the basic theoretical tenets on student learning that guided its process of institutional change. The case study will highlight the objectives, process, challenges, and successes of this model.
Radiative transfer and transport phenomena in stochastic media

Abstract We consider steady-state radiative transfer through a stochastic mixture of two (or more) immiscible materials. Certain exact results, as well as approximate models, are described for 〈I〉, the ensemble average of the specific intensity of radiation. In the simplest case of transport in a no-scattering medium, an exact description for 〈I〉 and higher stochastic moments is easily constructed. If the material mixing is taken as Markovian, the Liouville master equation leads to two (for a binary mixture) coupled deterministic differential equations of transfer describing 〈I〉, with similar results for higher stochastic moments, such as the variance. For non-Markovian mixing, renewal analysis leads to four coupled deterministic integral equations describing 〈I〉 and higher moments. In the more general problem involving scattering, no exact results (except in very special cases) are available, but reasonably accurate models can be developed. Certain asymptotic limits of these models lead to a single, renormalized, equation of transfer for 〈I〉 of the standard form, with effective values of the opacities and Planck function which account for the stochasticity of the problem. Diffusive approximations also result from asymptotic analyses.
The Souslin Hypothesis and continuous utility functions: A remark*

The Souslin Hypothesis of Axiomatic Set Theory is shown to provide a basis for a simple characterization of continuous utility function representation of preferences.
Atrial peptides inhibit protein kinase C-mediated contraction in rat aorta

The effects of atriopeptin III on phorbol ester-induced contraction were examined in aorta from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Precontracted SHR aorta was less responsive than WKY aorta to atriopeptin III-induced relaxation. Additionally, SHR aorta had significantly greater basal and phorbol ester-stimulated protein kinase C (PKC) activity than WKY aorta. The altered PKC response as well as hyporesponsiveness to atriopeptin III in SHR aorta may contribute to an altered vascular response and to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Seasonal sea surface temperature variability in the Indonesian Seas

[1] The response of the Indonesian Seas to the monsoonal winds is investigated using a regional ocean model with an emphasis on understanding the mechanisms behind the observed seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) variability. Understanding the seasonal SST variability in the Indonesian Seas is crucial for understanding tropical climate variability since atmospheric deep convection is located directly above these seas. Our model results suggest that the monsoonal winds play a dominant role in creating the spatial SST variability and are responsible for inducing about half of the basin-averaged SST variability. The remaining half is found to be caused by conditions in surface heating, which is brought about by radiation and atmospheric temperature and humidity. The northwesterly wind during Austral summer is roughly uniform over the basin so wind mixing occurs roughly uniformly and no significant spatial SST variability is forced. The southeasterly wind during Austral winter, on the other hand, has a significant spatial variation with a maximum wind speed located in the middle of the basin. This spatial variability causes Ekman upwelling and downwelling in the north and south of the Indonesian Seas, respectively, and establishes a cold SST region in the northeast. The presence of the shallow shelf region in the east is also found critical to the formation of this cold SST event. Without the shelf, lateral advection of warm water from the west will trap the cold SST region to the eastern boundary.
HOWL: An on-line conference for an off-line poetry seminary

Abstract This article describes how an on-line conference was used in a graduate poetry class with students who were not accustomed to using technology in their coursework. The writer, herself a poet, suggests that the conference extended the depth and quality of the discussion, opening up areas of discourse that would not have been possible to cover within the class. An unexpected outcome was the discovery that the students went beyond assigned topics to create and engage in their own discourse enriched by their diverse backgrounds and voices.
A versatile waveguide source of photon pairs for chip-scale quantum information processing.

We demonstrate a bright, bandwidth-tunable, quasi-phasematched single-waveguide source generating photon pairs near 900 nm and 1300 nm. Two-photon coincidence spectra are measured at a range of operating temperatures of a periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) waveguide, which supports both type-0 and type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We map out relative contributions of two-photon to one-photon fluorescence for a range of operating parameters. Such a versatile device is highly promising for future chip-scale quantum information processing.
Some Characteristics of the Growth Inhibitor Produced by a Lactic Streptococcus

Summary The inhibitory substance produced by one strain of Streptococcus lactis was associated with the cells that produced it but was liberated from them by acid. Boiling or autoelaving a culture of S. lactis for 10min. at pH 4.8 had little effect on its inhibitory activity but heating at pH 7.4 rapidly destroyed about half of the inhibitor in the culture. It is believed that the inhibitor is somehow protected from destruction by heating at neutral or alkaline reactions when it is attached to the cells, but when released into the culture medium it is rapidly destroyed by this treatment. At acid reactions it is relatively stable to heat whether bound to the cells or not. The inhibitory material was not only more stable but it was also more active at acid reactions. Its ability to inhibit a test culture of Lactohacillus casei was markedly increased when the reaction of the culture medium was below pH 5.4.