cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trials of the Unorthodox Orthodox: The Followers of Brother Ioann Churikov and Their Critics in Modern Russia, 1894-1914

A pious Orthodox peasant from Samara province who moved to St. Petersburg in mid-1890s, “Brother Ioann” (Ivan Alekseevich Churikov, 1861-1933?), always believed himself to be a faithful son of the church, but his flamboyant public preaching against the ills of alcohol ultimately led to his excommunication in 1914. Naturally gifted as a preacher, Brother Ioann regularly attracted thousands of listeners to his Sunday prayer meetings, the vast majority of whom were simple working people, suffering the devastating effects of alcoholism and the chronic insecurities associated with poverty. Debates over his relationship to the Orthodox tradition began almost as soon has he appeared in St. Petersburg, and over time, he suffered imprisonment in an insane asylum and faced a range of serious charges. Drawing on published and archival sources, this article explores the ongoing and increasingly bitter debate between leading members of the Church and Churikov’s followers between 1910 and 1914. By illuminating the central points of conflict and the competing visions of Orthodoxy at work in the Churikov case, it reflects more broadly upon the nature of the contemporary crisis within the Russian Orthodox Church, particularly with respect to issues of religious and spiritual authority.
Application of a hybrid digital-optical cross-correlator as a semi-autonomous vision system

We describe a complex optical system consisting of a 4f optical correlator with programmable filters under control of a digital on-board computer that operates at video rates for filter generation, storage, and management. It gives intelligent vision to a semi-autonomous vehicle, with ability to recognize immediate danger to its survival in the near term and ability to pursue navigational goals on the basis of tracking the previously identified features.
Breeding potentials in perennial Triticeae grasses

Perennial Triticeae species comprise some of the most valuable grasses in the temperate regions of the world, in addition, they have been a source of genes for pest resistance and other traits in wide hybridization programs to improve cultivated cereal crops. Intense breeding efforts have been restricted primarily to species of Agropyron (Gaertn.), Psathyrostachys Nevski, Thinopyrum Love, Leymus Hochst., Elymus L., and Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Love. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron ssp.) has received the most attention in breeding programs as evidenced by the release of several improved cultivars. Stand establishment vigor of Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski, has been substantially increased through breeding, and selection for improved forage quality and disease resistance has been effective in intermediate wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & Dewey. Interspecific hybridization is a promising breeding procedure in the perennial Triticeae. The recently released cultivars ‘Hycrest’ and ‘NewHy’ are notable examples of progress through interspecific hybridization. ‘Hycrest’ was derived from hybrids between induced tetraploid Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and natural tetraploid Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes. The parentage of ‘NewHy’ traces to hybrids between quackgrass, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, and bluebunch wheatgrass, Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love. Genetic progress through induced amphiploidy has also been reported. Continued success in breeding programs will be accelerated by expanded plant exploration efforts along with improved technology and breeding methods.
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction as a cause for hypotension and symptoms during dobutamine stress echocardiography

Background: Hypotension has been found to occur in more than one-third of patients during DBSE. Unlike traditional treadmill exercise stress testing, hypotension does not appear to be associated with significant coronary artery disease or left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Several ischemic and nonis-chemic mechanisms such as dynamic LV intracavitary obstruction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypotension and the induction of symptoms during DBSE. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was the prospective evaluation of patients referred for dobutamine stress echocardiography (DBSE) to determine (1) the frequency of hypotension during DBSE, (2) the underlying mechanisms responsible for the induction of hypotension, and (3) to describe the cardiac chamber sizes and mass of patients in whom hypotension occurs. Methods: Seventy-eight consecutive patients were studied during DBSE. Pulsed and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography were performed at baseline and at each dobutamine infusion stage. Maximum velocities were recorded. Cardiac output was determined noninvasively at each stage in patients who developed an outflow tract gradient. Echocardiography was used to characterize LV dimensions and mass. Results: During dobutamine infusion, 14 of 78 (18%) patients developed a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) velocity ≥ 2.5 m/s. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography verified that the maximal velocity originated in the LVOT. Of the patients who developed an LVOT gradient, 57% had a concomitant hypotensive response to dobutamine compared with 33% of patients without a gradient (not significant). Four of nine patients had a simultaneous fall in cardiac output. Patients who developed an LVOT gradient had smaller LV dimensions and increased wall thicknesses compared with those who did not develop a gradient. Conclusions: Dobutamine stress echocardiography precipitates LVOT obstruction in certain patients. The development of a gradient corresponded with a fall in blood pressure and a decline in cardiac output in nearly half of the patients. These findings suggest that stress-induced LVOT obstruction may be responsible in part for the hemodynamic changes and symptoms experienced by these patients during exercise.
Nonlinear scattering of microwaves by a travelling-wave density-modulated plasma column

A theory is presented which is based on the Born approximation of the nonlinear scattering of microwaves from a periodically density-modulated plasma column of finite length. It has been shown quantitatively that the scattered waves produce diffraction patterns and frequency shifts; these scattered waves form a set of sidebands which are separated from the incident wave by the modulation frequency of an oscillating plasma column.
Beam Optical Properties of the NSLS Dipoles

Presently there is much interest in low energy (< 1 GeV) electron storage rings as sources of synchrotron radiation and for studies of the free electron laser. The economics and physics of these storage rings favor the use of bending magnets with small radius of curvature and large bend angle. Here we discuss some general features of such magnets and the results of magnetic mesurements of the dipole magnets of the NSLS booster and storage rings. We interpret the magnetic measurements in terms of the magnet geometry and saturation characteristics. We discuss transport functions describing the linear and nonlinear focusing properties of the magnets, parametrized in terms of their curvature and fringe field length.
A theoretical and structural investigation of thiocarbon anions.

Density functional theory energies, geometries, and population analyses as well as nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) have been used to investigate the structural and magnetic evidence for cyclic CnSn2- and CnSn (n = 3−6) electron delocalization. Localized molecular orbital contributions to NICS, computed by the individual gauge for localized orbitals method, dissect π effects from the σ single bonds and lone pair influences. CnSn2- (n = 3−5) structures in Dnh symmetry are minima. Their aromaticity decreases with increasing ring size. C3S32- is both σ and π aromatic, while C4S42- and C5S52- are much less aromatic. NICS(0)π, the C−C(π) contribution to NICS(0) (i.e., at the ring center), decreases gradually with ring size. In contrast, cyclic C6S62- prefers D2h symmetry due to the balance between aromaticity, strain energy, and the S−S bond energies and is as aromatic as benzene. The theoretical prediction that C6S66- has D6h minima was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. Comparisons between thio...
Arbutus tessellata (Ericaceae), new from Mexico

Arbutus tessellata Sorensen, described and illustrated, is a tree distinguished chiefly by its checkered bark and long, spreading, glandular hairs on the petioles and young twigs and is recognized as distinct from A. glandulosa Martens & Galeotti.
Additive Partitioning of Species Diversity across Multiple Spatial Scales: Implications for Regional Conservation of Biodiversity

Ecologists and conservation biologists are keenly interested in how patterns of species diversity change across spatial scales. We examined how additive partitioning can be used to statistically evaluate spa- tial patterns of species diversity and develop conservation strategies. We applied additive partitioning to data on arboreal beetle diversity (richness, Shannon, Simpson) collected from a nested design consisting of four hi- erarchical levels—trees, forest stands, sites, and ecoregions—that corresponded to increasingly broader spa- tial scales within the eastern deciduous forest of Ohio and Indiana ( U.S.A.). A significant percentage (relative to that of randomization tests) of total species richness and Shannon and Simpson diversity was attributed to beta diversity between ecoregions and, to a lesser extent, among sites (parks and nature preserves) within ecoregions. Hierarchical cluster analysis corroborated these findings. We also found differences between rare species ( � 0.05% of total abundance) and common species ( � 0.5% of total abundance) in the overall per- centage of richness explained by each spatial scale. Rare species accounted for the majority (45%) of the 583 total beetle species in our study and were strongly influenced by broad spatial scales (i.e., ecoregions), whereas the richness of common species was significantly greater than expected across the range of spatial scales ( from trees to ecoregions). Our results suggest that the most effective way to preserve beetle diversity in the eastern deciduous forest of the United States is to acquire and protect multiple sites within different ecoregions. More generally, we advocate the use of diversity partitioning because it complements existing models in conserva- tion biology and provides a unique approach to understanding species diversity across spatial scales.
LDL-apheresis therapy

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis is an effective means for acutely lowering plasma cholesterol (LDL reduction > 60%) and reducing cardiovascular events in patients with uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia who are genetically predisposed or resistant to standard therapy. Despite its known benefit, apheresis is performed in only a minority of qualified patients. In addition to reducing plasma cholesterol, apheresis can alter other markers of vascular disease (inflammation, rheology, thrombosis, and fibrinolysis). The acute and chronic changes to the vascular system may warrant LDL-apheresis use in other diseases.
A cytochemical kinetic investigation of the Feulgen hydrolysis of fixed chromatin.

Measurements of the initial slope of the Feulgen hydrolysis curve under various conditions of preparation, temperature, and acid concentration demonstrate that this slope has the kinetic properties of the reaction rate of a simple hydrolytic reaction. This result allows a considerable refinement in both the kinetic analysis of chromatin fractions and the cytophotometric measurement of DNA amounts.
The effect of tumor size and host anemia on tumor cell survival after irradiation.

Abstract Cell survival following irradiation of CA755 mammary adenocarcinomas of various weights under aerobic and anoxic conditions was estimated by a cell dilution assay. The D 0 value for cells of CA755 mammary adenocarcinomas was independent of tumor size, and was similar for tumors irradiated in air-breathing or asphyxiated mice. The survival curves of cells from the grossly "viable" regions of medium (1.1 g) and large (2.9 g) tumors were found to be coincident, and significantly larger than that for small (0.1 g) tumors. These data strongly suggest that the hypoxic fraction in this tumor is not constant and in addition is not strongly correlated with the extent of host anemia. Contrary to expectation, after a dose of 1000 rad, the survival of apparently intact cells from the grossly necrotic regions of large tumors was less than that of cells from the grossly "viable" regions.
Permanent data loss in highly available substation automation systems

A substation automation system (SAS) is a computer network to which all events, indications and analog measured values collected from entire network are transmitted and logged in a server for future reference. Any SAS disconnection or failure may cause malfunctioning and data loss due to the interruption of data transfer. Highly available networks are the best solution for implementing fault-tolerance techniques for the improvement of SAS reliability. Such networks provide redundancy in appliances and/or data paths to decrease the impacts of failures in the network and increase network reliability. This paper studies permanent data loss in an SAS when a fault or failure occurs in the network. Knowledge of the physical characteristics of SAS elements is necessary for measuring this index. The elements that record data should be identified, and then the data lost due to failures in those elements must be determined. Also, as a case study, a typical SAS is examined in four states of failure, and the permanent data loss occurring under each state is calculated.
Adult age differences in knowledge-driven reading

The authors investigated the effects of domain knowledge on online reading among younger and older adults. Individuals were randomly assigned to either a domain-relevant (i.e., high-knowledge) or domain-irrelevant (i.e., low-knowledge) training condition. Two days later, participants read target passages on a computer that drew on information presented in the high-knowledge training session. For both age groups, knowledge improved comprehension and recall and facilitated the processing of topic shifts during reading. In addition, domain knowledge had differential effects on processing across the 2 age groups. Among older (but not younger) readers, domain knowledge increased the time allocated to organization and integration processes (wrap-up) and increased the frequency of knowledge-based inferences during recall. These results suggest that among older readers, domain knowledge engenders an investment of processing resources during reading, which is used to create a more elaborated representation of the situation model.
Importance of shared language for performance metrics

An important component of the mammogram database prepared by the University of South Florida is the detailed "truth" information which was included. Every pixel in each of the images containing some abnormality was matched by a "truth image" pixel whose value indicated the nature of the underlying tissue, whether entirely normal or any combination of a set of possible abnormalities. It is these truth images which make possible the objective determination of comparative algorithm performance. Inspired by the possibility of such comparative analysis, in these remarks I suggest an enhancement of the database that will permit the sort of evaluation favored by radiologists, and propose some steps that we in the computer mammographic analysis community can take to most effectively compare and communicate our work. In both cases the primary concern is the clear and most effective use of metrics.
Changing paradigms in dermatology: information technology

Medicine and specifically, dermatology, is undergoing enormous changes in the way in which it is practiced. Much of this is a result of a fundamental change in the manner in which information is exchanged through information technology. With the advent of more advanced telecommunications, imaging capabilities and information transfer, the very ways in which we examine patients, develop diagnoses and plan treatments as dermatologists have changed dramatically. This chapter will briefly review the development of personal computers and the Internet, as well as changes in telecommunications capabilities and how these changes have already altered how we see patients and care for them, as well as how new advances may continue to change the world of medicine and dermatology in the near future.
Many-body properties calculated from the Kohn-Sham equations in density-functional theory

Most calculations of the electronic structure of solids within density-functional theory (or its extensions) rely on the Kohn-Sham equations. These equations describe an equivalent system of noninteracting particles. The solutions of these equations are used to construct the total energy and charge density of the system of interacting particles. In this paper we describe a procedure that is required for the calculation of arbitrary quantities pertaining to the interacting electrons from the Kohn-Sham equations describing a noninteracting reference frame.
Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion (MSPD) Isolation and Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Clorsulon in Milk

Abstract A method for the isolation and liquid chromatographic determination of the anti-parasitic drug clorsulon in milk is presented. Milk samples (0.5 g) were blended with 2 grams of C-18 (octadecylsilyl-derivatized silica column packing material). A column was made from the C-18/milk matrix and first washed with hexane. The clorsulon was then eluted from this column with ethyl ether. The ether eluate was cleaned up by Florisil solid phase extraction, and clorsulon was subsequently determined by liquid chromatography with UV detection. The overall recovery of clorsulon from milk spiked at 50–200 ppm was 93.0&with a coefficient of variation of 5.6 & The MSPD method and a solid phase extraction method used by the FDA gave comparable values for milk containing incurred clorsulon residues.
Berry phase modification of the current drive in a restricted class of large annular Josephson junctions at low temperature

We examine how Berry's phase influences the motion of vortices in a restricted class of large annular Josephson junctions at sufficiently low temperatures. We show that the essential physical effect produced is a modulation of the tunnel current density passing through the junction which, however, leaves the total current through the junction unaffected. The tunnel current density modulation is seen to produce a spatially inhomogeneous modification of the current drive which acts on a vortex residing in an annular junction of this restricted type. We discuss the circumstances under which this current drive modification vanishes, and provide an estimate of the temperature at which its effects will be masked by spectral flow.
Pharmacy Automation and Technology - Redefining the Enterprise

Change is not a new phenomenon in the health care industry, and reactions to change are determined by many things—personal experiences and professional responsibilities to name a few. Gradual transformation in the way health care information is managed is now being met with an opportunity for swift and significant change with regard to how this information is aggregated and used. This article addresses these opportunities for change from an enterprise perspective.
On the propagation of long waves to large distances

The mode theory is compared with a more heuristic approach where the free space power flow from a ground based source is confined by the finite space between the earth and the ionosphere. The approximate technique produces severe underestimates of the power flow in the ELF range, and it overestimates the power flow in the higher VLF range.
Treatment of alcohol-use disorders – Authors' reply

In the treatment of alcohol dependence, Marc Schuckit (Feb 7, p 492) omits baclofen. This is most regrettable for two reasons. First, Schuckit’s proposed treatment excludes patients with liver cirrhosis from receiving any anticraving medication. Alcohol intake in patients with cirrhosis is associated with high mortality. With cirrhosis, naltrexone is contraindicated and the safety of acamprosate, topiramate, and disulfi ram has not been tested because these agents undergo extensive liver metabolism. Baclofen is the only anticraving medication shown in a randomised trial to be safe and eff ective at promoting abstinence in patients with cirrhosis. Depriving cirrhosis patients of baclofen would deprive them of the benefi t patients without cirrhosis get from standard anticraving treatment. Second, a new translational model of treatment based on animal studies has been proposed, in which medication-induced suppression of craving could translate into eff ortless suppression of dependence in alcohol-dependent patients. In animals, baclofen is the only drug that has been shown to suppress the urge to consume alcohol. All other anticraving medications used in the treatment of alcohol-dependence only reduce this urge. In alcoholic patients, suppression of dependence through suppression of craving has never been reported with naltrexone, acamprosate, or topiramate despite thousands of patients trialled on these drugs. Baclofen should be off ered to patients with cirrhosis, and craving suppression should be tested in randomised trials.
The influence of tray type and other variables on the palatal depth of casts made from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions

Abstract Statement of Problem. There are conflicting data regarding the effect of various factors on the palatal depth of casts made from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. Purpose. This study examined the influence of tray type, water temperature, pouring technique, and stone expansion on the palatal depth of casts. Material and Methods. Irreversible hydrocolloid impressions were made of a model under simulated oral conditions. Palatal depth was measured relative to a reference plane with a microscope. The reference planes were standardized by subjecting the data to three 2-dimensional mathematic rotations. A 2-factor analysis of variance (α=.05) was used to determine whether differences existed among tray types and among palatal locations. Results. The palatal depth of the casts increased approximately 0.06 mm compared with the master model with all but 2 variables. Statistical testing revealed that increased depth was not attributable to water temperature (52°F or 72°F) or tray type (custom resin, perforated metal, metal rimlock, or rimlock with built-up palate). Custom resin tray impressions poured with a lower expansion stone and perforated tray impressions inverted onto a base made from the same mix of stone resulted in casts with palatal depths most similar to that of the master model ( P Conclusion. Casts with palatal contours of comparable accuracy were obtained with the use of a stock metal or customized tray and the use of differing water temperatures to mix the impression material. (J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:15-22.)
Postponing Pregnancy after Perinatal Death: Perspectives on Doctor Advice

The Perinatal Loss Interview was administered to 24 mothers who had experienced perinatal loss and were raising a child born subsequent to the loss; mothers were asked about postponing subsequent pregnancy, including what their doctors advised. Mothers were dissatisfied with doctor advice, reporting that the timing of a subsequent pregnancy was a personal decision and many factors influenced their decision. Furthermore, regardless of timing, most mothers reported overprotective and replacement feelings toward the subsequent child. These results imply that physicians may be most effective by educating mothers about advantages and disadvantages of postponing pregnancy so that an informed decision can be made.
Identical transitions between superdeformed and normally deformed bands and the cancellation picture

Abstract A systematic search of identical transition sequences between rotational bands with superdeformation (SD) and those with normal deformation (ND) in rare earth and actinide nuclei has been carried out for the first time. The fact that bands in nuclei so different in deformation/pairing and so separated in mass are identical suggests that a mass-deformation/pairing cancellation picture may be involved: the effects of smaller deformation and larger pairing is cancelled by the effect of larger mass number in a ND band, in comparison to the ones in a SD band. Other pairs of identical bands in ND or SD nuclei may involve other types of cancellation mechanisms.
Absolute differential cross section measurements for proton-deuteron elastic scattering at 641.3 and 792.7 MeV.

The absolute {ital p}-{ital d} elastic-scattering differential cross sections were measured at 641.3 and 792.7 MeV beam energies over a range of c.m. angles from {similar to}35{degree} to {similar to}115{degree} and {similar to}35{degree} to {similar to}140{degree}, respectively. The longitudinally polarized ({ital L}-type) proton beam produced by the Lamb-shift ion source at LAMPF was used. The beam intensity was measured to high accuracy ({similar to}0.1%) by a scintillator-beam particle-counting system designed and developed prior to the experiment. Typical uncertainties in the absolute cross sections were about 2--3% total, somewhat larger at back angles. The present results were compared with the existing measurements and the controversy about the previous data at 800 MeV was resolved. The present data can be fit with a relativistic multiple-scattering theory which uses off-mass-shell extrapolations of the nucleon-nucleon amplitudes suggested by the structure of derivative meson-nucleon couplings. Relativistic-impulse-approximation calculations do not fit these data at either energy.
Aneuploidy and mother's genes

Biology, ecology, and culture have shaped human genetic variation over thousands of generations. Technology now allows us to know the sequence of our genomes and to act on this knowledge. Which genes did a child inherit from either parent? With the direct-to-consumer genome scan products now available, this question can be answered at the cost of a few hundred U.S. dollars and a few milliliters of spit. Which fertilized embryo is free of genetic and genomic abnormalities? By combining in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic screening, and whole-genome scans, this is also now possible to assess ( 1 , 2 ). But what if genes themselves select potential children? On page 235 of this issue, McCoy et al. ( 3 ) indicate that this may be the case. The authors describe paradoxical results of a genomic study of thousands of preimplantation human embryos and their parents. They turn up a maternal-effect genetic variant that occurs at high frequency in many populations, that was likely under positive selection in our recent past, and that dramatically decreases embryonic viability.
New experimental constraints on non-newtonian forces below 100 μm

We have searched for large deviations from Newtonian gravity by means of a finite-frequency microcantilever-based experiment. Our data eliminate from consideration mechanisms of deviation that posit strengths $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{4}$ times Newtonian gravity at length scales of $20\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. This measurement is 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than others that provide constraints at similar length scales.
Maternal and Infant Thyroid Disorders and Cerebral Palsy

Deficiency of thyroid hormone during critical periods of development can severely damage the nervous system, but the specific effects of thyroid hormones on neuromotor development are less certain. Nonetheless, evidence has accumulated to suggest that thyroid hormone deficiency might be one cause of cerebral palsy (CP). The evidence arises from three sets of observations: first, severely premature infants with transient hypothyroxinemia have elevated risks of CP; second, some children born with endemic cretinism in iodine-deficient areas of the world have motor findings compatible with the diagnosis of CP; and third, several studies of the antecedents of CP have encountered a higher than expected prevalence of maternal thyroidal disorders. The evidence thus far is insufficient to conclusively determine what role, if any, thyroid hormone deficiency plays in CP, although it seems clear that neuromotor abnormalities can be the result of insufficient supply of maternal thyroid hormone in utero. A major research priority should be to assess the effects on CP risk of thyroid supplementation in transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity. Iodine deficiency can be addressed by inexpensive and well-established public health measures, and thyroid hormone deficiency can be addressed by inexpensive and well-established clinical measures. If a causal chain can be established that links iodine and thyroid hormone to risk of CP, the potential for introducing very cost-effective ways of reducing the burden of CP will be considerable.
Superselection rules in quantum theory: Part II. Subensemble selection

A dynamical analysis of standard procedures for subensemble selection is used to show that the state restriction violation proposal in Part I of the paper cannot be realized by employing familiar correlation schemes. However, it is shown that measurement of an observable not commuting with the superselection operator is possible, a violation of the observable restrictions. This is interpreted as supporting the position that each of these restrictions is sufficient but not necessary for the superselection rule. The results do constitute a proposal for superselection rule violation in theories requiring both restrictions, e.g., the axiomatic treatment by Bogolubov, Logunov, and Todorov. It is also concluded that superselection rules place restrictions on procedures for selective state preparations using correlations. More generally, it is conjectured that a mathematically conceivable decomposition of a given density operator does not necessarily represent a possibility for partitioning of the corresponding ensemble into subensembles by any physically realizable means.
Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues

Knowledge is a broad and abstract notion that has defined epistemological debate in western philosophy since the classical Greek era. In the past few years, however, there has been a growing interest in treating knowledge as a significant organizational resource. Consistent with the interest in organizational knowledge and knowledge management (KM), IS researchers have begun promoting a class of information systems, referred to as knowledge management systems (KMS). The objective of KMS is to support creation, transfer, and application of knowledge in organizations. Knowledge and knowledge management are complex and multi-faceted concepts. Thus, effective development and implementation of KMS requires a foundation in several rich literatures.
Multiple cytokine analysis in human tears: an optimized procedure for cytometric bead-based assay.

Purpose: To compare instruments and reagents used for cytometric bead-based assay (CBA) of cytokines in human tears. Methods: Two CBA instruments and reagent kits from five vendors were compared in...
An Approximate Footprint Model for Flux Measurements in the Convective Boundary Layer

Abstract An explicit footprint model for flux measurements of passive scalars in the lower part of the convective boundary layer (CBL) is introduced. A simple footprint model is derived analytically in an idealized CBL. The simple model can simulate the overall characteristics of the flux footprint. Then a method is proposed to adjust the analytical solutions to those from a Lagrangian stochastic model that considers more realistic atmospheric conditions in the vertical direction. The adjusted footprint model is a function of Monin–Obukhov length (L), roughness length, receptor height, and CBL depth (h). Comparison between the results from the adjusted footprint model and stochastic model suggests that the adjusted footprint model can well simulate the streamwise extent of the footprint within the dimensionless upwind distance X < 1, which accounts for a majority of the footprint. The model applies to stabilities of –L/h between 0.01 and 0.1 and roughness lengths between 10−5 and 2 × 10−3h in the lower pa...
Colorant Effects on Dormant Buffalograss Turf Performance

●ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Buchloe dactyloides, canopy temperature, soil temperature, turfgrass SUMMARY. Dormant buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) turfs, grown under fi eld conditions, were treated with a colorant and evaluated for turfgrass color, quality, and cover. In addition, turfgrass canopy and soil temperatures were measured. Colorant treatments improved turfgrass color and quality when compared to the untreated control, and resulted in a color response that appeared similar to cool season turfgrasses growing in areas adjacent to the studies. Colorant treatments increased canopy and soil temperatures, and enhanced spring green-up. These results support the use of colorants as a means of extending the green appearance, and enhancing dormant buffalograss turf performance.
Evaluation of Irradiated Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae for Laboratory Rearing of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

ABSTRACT We report here that it is possible to rear D. areolatus on irradiated A. suspensa larvae without adversely affecting sex ratio and overall parasitoid emergence and with no adult A. suspense emergence. There was no difference in emergence of D. areolatus adults from irradiated versus non-irradiated hosts (72.4 ± 1.9% vs. 73.0 ± 1.9%), and no difference in sex ratio of parasitoids obtained from irradiated and non-irradiated hosts (50.0 ± 1.6 and 47.0 ± 1.4% female, respectively). The successful use of A. suspensa larval hosts can greatly ease the process of rearing, transporting, and releasing fruit fly parasitoids while eliminating the need to separate flies from parasitoids. Further improvements in the laboratory rearing process of D. areolatus, including irradiating late A. suspensa larvae at a lower dosage and irradiating A. suspensa as egg or early instars, are discussed.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Effect on Emotional Distress in Older Adults

Objectives: Mindfulness training may help seniors successfully manage the physical and psychological challenges of aging in a manner that reduces distress and promotes vitality. The purpose of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training on mood states in older adults. Methods: The authors identified 141 older adults (>60 years) who completed MBSR training. All participants completed the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF) at baseline and following 8 weeks of MBSR. Using paired t tests, the authors evaluated changes in mood following training in MBSR. In a subset analysis, the authors further examined the impact of MBSR training in individuals with the highest scores on depression and anxiety. Primary reasons cited for MBSR enrollment are also reported. Results: Overall emotional distress and all sub-scale mood measurements improved significantly following MBSR training. MBSR training resulted in >50% reduction in the number of older p...
Nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in left-handed transmission-line media

This paper introduces nonlinear transmission lines based on left-handed (LH) media and simulates harmonic generation and parametric generation in a material that, in two dimensions, could also focus microwaves. This paper discusses physical phenomena that lead to and affect self-supporting harmonic generation and parametric generation in LH nonlinear transmission-line media and outline advantages of these media for developing new types of compact and efficient frequency multipliers and "active lens" devices.
Effects of ArF Excimer Irradiation on Multi-Energy Ge and Se Ion Implanted Silica

Silica samples were implanted at multiple energies with Se and Ge ions producing implanted layers ~ 2.4 µm in depth starting at ~ 0.5 µm below the surface. In each case, the concentration of implanted species was ~ 0.05 atomic %. The optical absorption of the samples was measured from 2.7 to 6.5 eV. In all spectra, local maxima at 5.0 eV with shoulders at 5.9 eV were observed. The spectra have been assumed to be describable as a superposition of Gaussian absorption bands with mean energies taken from the literature of 4.8, 5.01, 5.17, 5.88, and 7.15 eV. The relative strengths of each of these bands have been obtained by linear regression. These fits show that additional bands at 3.7 and 6.4 eV are required to fit the data for the Se samples, while bands at 5.54 and 6.4 eV are needed to fit the data for the Ge samples.
Effects of heat release on turbulent shear flows. Part 2. Turbulent mixing layers and the equivalence principle

The general equivalence principle of Tacina & Dahm that extends scaling laws for non-reacting flows to account for density changes due to reaction heat release is applied to turbulent mixing layers to develop physically based scaling laws for heat release effects in exothermic reacting mixing layers. This leads to an 'extended density ratio' s + based on the equivalent elevated temperature for one of the two free-stream fluids that accounts for the density variations within the layer due to exothermic reaction
Patterns of Pulmonary Involvement in Systemic Amyloidosis

The clinical and histopathologic features of pulmonary amyloidosis were reviewed in 22 patients with systemic amyloidosis who came to autopsy. Eleven of 12 patients (92 percent) with primary amyloidosis had prominent interalveolar amyloid deposits. Symptoms attributable to these deposits were found in four cases (33 percent), while severe lung involvement was the apparent cause of death in one. Extensive deposition was noted in all three cases of amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Five of seven patients (71 percent) with secondary amyloidosis showed histologic lung involvement, which was perivascular or tracheobronchial in location, but not associated with symptoms. Histologic lung involvement is frequent in all forms of amyloidosis and lung tissue obtained from any patient with unexplained interstitial or reticular-alveolar pulmonary disease should be stained with Congo-red and viewed for green birefringence under polarizing microscopy for the presence of amyloid.
Real-Time Segmentation of Trans-urethral Ultrasound Images for Prostate Brachytherapy

Previous research on Trans-urethral Ultrasound (TUUS) imaging has shown promise that TUUS will become a viable new intra-operative tool. Prior work focused on the processing of TUUS data in order to obtain useful clinical information, however intra-operative imaging issues (real-time feedback) have not been fully addressed. This paper describes a unique framework for efficient processing which can be used for intra-operative imaging. The methods describe a segmentation pipeline which meet the requirements of intra-operative imaging in prostate brachytherapy. The implementation of the process is described and the process is evaluated for efficiency and accuracy.
Lesion Burden and Cognitive Morbidity in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

The effect of increased tissue injury in children with sickle cell disease and silent cerebral infarcts is not known. We determined the relationship between the extent of injury and IQ scores in children with silent cerebral infarcts. Participants were 27 children with sickle cell disease who had received magnetic resonance imaging. Children were divided into three groups: group 1, small lesion volume ( n = 9, 6.8 cm3); and group 3, no cerebral infarcts (n = 9). The Wechsler Full-Scale IQ was significantly lower for group 2 (mean = 76.1) when compared with group 1 (mean = 87.7) or group 3 (mean = 89.9). In children with silent cerebral infarcts, large tissue loss is associated with lower Wechsler Full-Scale IQ and small tissue loss is associated with no apparent change in IQ compared with children with no cerebral infarcts. The progressive accumulation of silent infarcts may lead to poorer intellectual functioning. (J Child Neurol 2002; 17: 890—894).
Actuator quality in the Internet of Things

In this paper we look at a generally unexplored area, the operational boundaries that determine perceived quality in actuators connected to the Internet of Things (IoT). Research in the area of IoT has placed emphasis on networked devices with sensing capabilities generally overlooking other types of applications. We believe that as the IoT grows it is important to understand what impacts the perceived quality of experience when a user commands networked actuators. Our research finds direct applicability in the control of cyberphysical systems such as those present in networked unmanned vehicles, autonomous control of automobiles or real-time industrial process control, among other options. Using a real packet-based actuating testbed along with qualitative and quantitative experimental data we study the quality experienced by actual users. We quantify how different network metrics affect perceived quality and propose the first characterization framework in the area.
Identification of a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed in mammary gland alveolar cells and required for maintenance of the differentiated state.

The development of mammary glands relies on complicated signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic events through transcriptional regulatory circuits. A key family of transcription factors used in mammary gland development is the helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix (HLH/bHLH) protein family. In this study, we identify Mist1 as a tissue-restricted Class II bHLH transcription factor expressed in lactating mammary glands. Mouse and human mammary glands accumulated Mist1 protein exclusively in secretory alveolar cells, and Mist1 transcripts were differentially expressed in mouse SCp2 cells induced to differentiate by addition of lactogenic hormones. Mist1 null (Mist1KO) lactating mammary glands were defective in normal lobuloalveolar organization, exhibiting shedding of cells into the alveolus lumen and premature activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. These cells also failed to maintain expression of the gap junction ...
Multiple gestations in assisted reproductive technology: Can they be avoided with blastocyst transfers?

Abstract Objective: Blastocysts are advanced-stage embryos with high implantation potential; theoretically, limited numbers of blastocysts can be used for embryo transfer to achieve good pregnancy rates with low multiple pregnancy rates. Clinical outcomes of a newly implemented blastocyst transfer program were evaluated. Study Design: This study is a retrospective analysis of 553 blastocyst transfer cycles performed by a university-based in vitro fertilization program; risk factors associated with multiple gestations were analyzed. Results: An average of 2.2 embryos were used for embryo transfer. The overall clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 45.1%; multiple gestation, twin, and triplet rates were 40.9%, 36.5%, and 4.3%, respectively. Multiple gestations increased significantly (1) when embryo transfer was done on day 5, (2) when ≥2 blastocysts were present on day 5, and (3) when maternal age was ≤30 years. Conclusion: In spite of a conservative approach to the number of blastocysts used for embryo transfer, the overall multiple pregnancy rate was high, and triplet pregnancies did occur. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:1471-7.)
A safe flight algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicles

Military applications require unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) to travel in an unknown, hostile environment. Hence minimizing the damage of these UAVs is crucial to any mission. The objective of this paper is to develop control algorithms that help in keeping the UAV 'safe'. Safety implies that the UAVs are not damaged or destroyed during the mission. We present two algorithms that guide the forward motion of these UAVs and illustrate how this safe flight algorithm can be coupled with other path planning algorithms.
DEPENDENCE OF HAMILTONIAN CHAOS ON PERTURBATION STRUCTURE

In this paper, we considered a Hamiltonian dynamical system consisting of a steady wave and a perturbation wave and studied the dependence of spatial patterns of chaos on the perturbation structure (i.e., the wave numbers of the perturbation wave). The system came from the passive wave mixing and transport problem. In order to investigate this dependence, we first did some simple mixing experiments with initially a small blob and calculated the correlation dimensions. Secondly we used Lyapunov exponents to identify the chaotic regions and the invariant tori and computed the histograms or PDFs (Probability Distribution Functions) to characterize the Hamiltonian chaos for different perturbation structure. We found that this dependence was very complicated and the complexity increases with the perturbation structure. This dynamical system became more chaotic with increase in the wave numbers. The fascinating patterns of the Hamiltonian chaos for various perturbation structures were presented. The spatial pattern of chaos on the isentropic surface of the atmosphere was given. Implications of the results of the chaotic wave mixing and transport in climate dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, aeronomy and large scale dynamics of geophysical fluid flows were briefly discussed.
Jolt: lightweight dynamic analysis and removal of object churn

It has been observed that component-based applications exhibit object churn, the excessive creation of short-lived objects, often caused by trading performance for modularity. Because churned objects are short-lived, they appear to be good candidates for stack allocation. Unfortunately, most churned objects escape their allocating function, making escape analysis ineffective. We reduce object churn with three contributions. First, we formalize two measures of churn, capture and control (15). Second, we develop lightweight dynamic analyses for measuring both capture and control. Third, we develop an algorithm that uses capture and control to inline portions of the call graph to make churned objects non-escaping, enabling churn optimization via escape analysis. JOLT is a lightweight dynamic churn optimizer that uses our algorithms. We embedded JOLT in the JIT compiler of the IBM J9 commercial JVM, and evaluated JOLT on large application frameworks, including Eclipse and JBoss. We found that JOLT eliminates over 4 times as many allocations as a state-of-the-art escape analysis alone.
Phase Stability of Nickel Hydroxides and Oxyhydroxides

In this paper, we investigate the phase stability of nickel hydroxides from first-principles. We predict that the previously uncharacterized crystal structure of III‐NiOOH is actually derived from the P3 host. Furthermore, we identify a plausible crystal structure for the -NiO2H2O0.67K0.33Hx phase that is consistent with available experimental observations. The proposed crystal structure has a P3 host and the K ions reside exactly between adjacent trigonal prismatic sites of the intercalation layer. We have also calculated the topotactic voltage curves for the and phases, and predict the existence of a large step in voltage at -NiOOH, which effectively limits the capacity of the Ni-hydroxide compound to one electron per Ni ion. Methodology We combine first-principles electronic structure calculations with a cluster expansion approach for the disorder of protons in the materials to calculate phase stability and thermodynamic properties of the nickel hydroxide system. The electronic structure calculations