cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impedance of rectangular eccentric transmission lines

Rectangular eccentric transmission lines are used in transmission system work, in directional couplers for monitoring power reflections, and in multiplexing and mixing. The determination of the characteristic impedance of these lines is essentially an electrostatic problem and its solution has involved a number of methods, including conformal transformation, finite elements, finite differences and integral equations. Another method is developed here for this problem, employing known field matching means as applied to eccentric geometries. This method is believed to be less involved and easier to use. Comparisons with known experimental and calculated results for rectangular eccentric lines and for strip lines have shown good agreement. Also the variation of the impedance is shown as the sizes and positions of the transmission-line conductors are changed.
The Feedback Response of Escherichia coli rRNA Synthesis Is Not Identical to the Mechanism of Growth Rate-Dependent Control

Growth rate-independent rrn P1 promoter mutants were tested for their ability to respond to changes in rrn gene dosage. Most were found to be normal for the feedback response. In addition, cellular levels of the initiating nucleoside triphosphates remained unchanged when the rrn gene dosage was altered. These results suggest that the feedback response cannot be the mechanism for growth rate-dependent control of rRNA synthesis and that the relationship between these two processes may be more complicated than is currently understood.
Gun Ownership and Firearm-related Deaths

Abstract Background A variety of claims about possible associations between gun ownership rates, mental illness burden, and the risk of firearm-related deaths have been put forward. However, systematic data on this issue among various countries remain scant. Our objective was to assess whether the popular notion "guns make a nation safer" has any merits. Methods Data on gun ownership were obtained from the Small Arms Survey, and for firearm-related deaths from a European detailed mortality database (World Health Organization), the National Center for Health Statistics, and others. Crime rate was used as an indicator of safety of the nation and was obtained from the United Nations Surveys of Crime Trends. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rates due to major depressive disorder per 100,000 inhabitants with data obtained from the World Health Organization database were used as a putative indicator for mental illness burden in a given country. Results Among the 27 developed countries, there was a significant positive correlation between guns per capita per country and the rate of firearm-related deaths ( r = 0.80; P r = 0.52; P = .005) between mental illness burden in a country and firearm-related deaths. However, there was no significant correlation ( P = .10) between guns per capita per country and crime rate ( r = .33), or between mental illness and crime rate ( r = 0.32; P = .11). In a linear regression model with firearm-related deaths as the dependent variable with gun ownership and mental illness as independent covariates, gun ownership was a significant predictor ( P P = .05) only. Conclusion The number of guns per capita per country was a strong and independent predictor of firearm-related death in a given country, whereas the predictive power of the mental illness burden was of borderline significance in a multivariable model. Regardless of exact cause and effect, however, the current study debunks the widely quoted hypothesis that guns make a nation safer.
A system for online power prediction in virtualized environments using Gaussian mixture models

In this paper we present a system for online power prediction in vir-tualized environments. It is based on Gaussian mixture models that use architectural metrics of the physical and virtual machines (VM) collected dynamically by our system to predict both the physical machine and per VM level power consumption. A real implementation of our system shows that it can achieve average prediction error of less than 10%, outperforming state of the art regression based approaches at negligible runtime overhead.
Characterization of the evolution of underwater DBD plasma jet

An air plasma jet formed underwater using a coaxial DBD electrode configuration with gas flow is being studied for water treatment applications. The arc-like behavior of the discharge in the absence of any obvious return electrode is not well understood. This study seeks to understand the underlying nature of the arc-like jet mode by studying the evolution of the discharge from microdischarge to jet mode. Photographic and spectroscopic data are used to develop a phenomenological model of discharge evolution. Time-averaged spectra were used to assign an average plume and electron temperature. Calculated jet temperatures were consistent with observed affects such as melting and oxide layer formation on a downstream substrate. The capacity of the microdischarge mode to decompose organic dye in water as a function of time, confirmed previously in the jet mode, was also demonstrated in the absence of the jet. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Assembly of a Fab1 Phosphoinositide Kinase Signaling Complex Requires the Fig4 Phosphoinositide Phosphatase

Phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] regulates several vacuolar functions, including acidification, morphology, and membrane traffic. The lipid kinase Fab1 converts phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] to PtdIns(3,5)P2. PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels are controlled by the adaptor-like protein Vac14 and the Fig4 PtdIns(3,5)P2-specific 5-phosphatase. Interestingly, Vac14 and Fig4 serve a dual function: they are both implicated in the synthesis and turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2 by an unknown mechanism. We now show that Fab1, through its chaperonin-like domain, binds to Vac14 and Fig4 and forms a vacuole-associated signaling complex. The Fab1 complex is tethered to the vacuole via an interaction between the FYVE domain in Fab1 and PtdIns(3)P on the vacuole. Moreover, Vac14 and Fig4 bind to each other directly and are mutually dependent for interaction with the Fab1 kinase. Our observations identify a protein complex that incorporates the antagonizing Fab1 lipid kinase and Fig4 lipid phosphatase into a common functional unit. We propose a model explaining the dual roles of Vac14 and Fig4 in the synthesis and turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2.
Learning by grasshoppers: association of colour/light intensity with food

. Nymphs of Melanoplus sanguinipes learn to associate food with visual cues such as colour or light intensity. Such an ability in active exploratory insects may improve foraging efficiency by reducing time spent searching in unsuitable areas. Significant effects are demonstrated after a single rewarded trial, and the effects are extinguished after a variable number of unrewarded trials.
Optimizing DSP flow graphs via schedule-based multidimensional retiming

Transformation techniques are usually applied to get optimal execution rates in parallel and/or pipeline systems. The retiming technique is a common and valuable tool in optimizing 1-D signal processing applications, represented by flow graphs. Such transformation can maximize the parallelism of a loop body. Few results on retiming have been obtained for multidimensional (MD) systems. The article develops a novel framework, which consists of a MD retiming technique that considers the final schedule as part of the optimization process. To the author's knowledge, this is the first retiming algorithm on general MD flow graphs.
Superfluid helium tanker instrumentation

An instrumentation system for a 1992 Space Shuttle flight demonstration of a superfluid helium (SFHe) tanker and transfer technology is presented. The system provides measurement of helium temperatures, pressures, flow rates, and mass, and it detects the presence of liquid or vapor. The instrumentation system described consists of analog and digital portions which comprise a fault tolerant, compact, and relatively lightweight space-quality electronics system. The data processing hardware and software are ground-commandable, perform measurements asynchronously, and format telemetry for transmission to the ground. A novel heat pulse mass gaging technique is described and a new liquid/vapor sensor is presented. Flowmeters for SFHe are discussed, and a SFHe fountain-effect pump is described. Results of tests to date are presented. >
Self- and Directed Assembly of Hexaruthenium Macrocycles.

Rigidterpyridine-basedbuildingblocks allow easy access to large polymetallomacrocycles (see picture) through a self-assembly process. Such routes are envisioned to provide one-step methods to higher order motifs and facilitate the creation of precisely organized, metal-based networks for new energy storage devices.
The active geometric shape model: A new robust deformable shape model and its applications

We present a novel approach for fitting a geometric shape in images. Similar to active shape models and active contours, a force field is used in our approach. But the object to be detected is described with a geometric shape, represented by parametric equations. Our model associates each parameter of this geometric shape with a combination of integrals (summations in the discrete case) of the force field along the contour. By iteratively updating the shape parameters according to these integrals, we are able to find the optimal fit of the shape in the image. In this paper, we first explore simple cases such as fitting a line, circle, ellipse or cubic spline contour using this approach. Then we employ this technique to detect the cross-sections of subarachnoid spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in phase-contrast magnetic resonance (PC-MR) images, where the object of interest can be described by a distorted ellipse. The detection results can be further used by an s-t graph cut to generate a segmentation of the CSF structure. We demonstrate that, given a properly configured geometric shape model and force field, this approach is robust to noise and defects (disconnections and non-uniform contrast) in the image. By using a geometric shape model, this approach does not rely on large training datasets, and requires no manual labeling of the training images as is needed when using point distribution models.
VNTRseek—a computational tool to detect tandem repeat variants in high-throughput sequencing data

DNA tandem repeats (TRs) are ubiquitous genomic features which consist of two or more adjacent copies of an underlying pattern sequence. The copies may be identical or approximate. Variable number of tandem repeats or VNTRs are polymorphic TR loci in which the number of pattern copies is variable. In this paper we describe VNTRseek, our software for discovery of minisatellite VNTRs (pattern size ≥ 7 nucleotides) using whole genome sequencing data. VNTRseek maps sequencing reads to a set of reference TRs and then identifies putative VNTRs based on a discrepancy between the copy number of a reference and its mapped reads. VNTRseek was used to analyze the Watson and Khoisan genomes (454 technology) and two 1000 Genomes family trios (Illumina). In the Watson genome, we identified 752 VNTRs with pattern sizes ranging from 7 to 84 nt. In the Khoisan genome, we identified 2572 VNTRs with pattern sizes ranging from 7 to 105 nt. In the trios, we identified between 2660 and 3822 VNTRs per individual and found nearly 100% consistency with Mendelian inheritance. VNTRseek is, to the best of our knowledge, the first software for genome-wide detection of minisatellite VNTRs. It is available at http://orca.bu.edu/vntrseek/.
Synthesis of multiple-input change asynchronous finite state machines

Asynchronous finite state machines (AFSMs) have been limited because multiple-input changes have been disallowed. In this paper, we present an architecture and synthesis system to overcome this limitation. The AFSM marks potentially hazardous state transitions, and prevents output during them. A synthesis tool to create the AFSM incorporates novel algorithms to detect the hazardous states.
Morphology of the Aleutian Abyssal Plain

A new contouring of the Aleutian abyssal plain at 25 m intervals defines it as a complex of coalescing fans built by four major channels and their distributaries. Toward their source these channels converge to the northeast to a point in line with Shelikof Strait, Cook Inlet and the Susitna River basin, which drains the Alaska Range. The Alaska Range is a likely source of sediments for the Aleutian plain. From an analysis of the evolution of the fan, it appears the channels have operated successively from west to east, as suggested by the thinning of the pelagic layer in that direction. Viewing these facts in light of the plate tectonic hypothesis, one can imagine that as the Pacific plate was moving northwesterly toward the Aleutian Trench, an extended Susitna River was spilling its load of sediments through successive channels. The most ancient Seamap channel is now slipping into the trench, while the easternmost one, Taurus, represents the most recent road followed by sediments into the deep sea before the final interruption of the turbidite supply.
Computing reactive front speeds in random flows by variational principle

We study reactive front speeds in randomly perturbed cellular flows using a variational representation for the front speed. We develop this representation into a computational tool for computing the front speeds without resorting to closure approximations. We demonstrate that the front speeds depend on flow statistics and topologies in a complex and dramatic manner.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Model Simulations of Airflow Over Mountainous Terrain: A Comparison with Observations

Abstract Numerical simulations of airflow over two different choices of mountainous terrain and the comparisons of results with aircraft observations are presented. Two wintertime casts for flow over Elk Mountain, Wyoming where surface heating is assumed to be zero and one case for airflow over Mt. Withington, New Mexico where surface heating is strong are considered. In the Elk Mountain simulations the flow becomes approximately steady state since the upstream conditions are assumed to be constant and the surface heating is assumed to be zero. The response is significantly different in the two cases. In one case (dynamic Elk) strong lee waves formed with a horizontal separation of ∼10 km whereas in the second case (microphysical Elk) mainly weak untrapped waves formed with a vertical wavelength of ∼2.5 km. Because of the presence of the lee waves in the first case it is shown that the ridges south of Elk Mountain affect the flow near Elk Mountain. In the second case where there were no strong lee waves, ...
Regulating Multinational Corporations — Trends, Challenges and Opportunities

In prior work, I suggested the way in which private enterprises have been developing coherent systems of governance that draw on but are autonomous of law and state based legal systems. In this essay I suggest the challenges to the erection of a similar coherent system of legal regulation by or through states. This essay has two objectives. The first is to examine the difficulties of current approaches to use law and legal frameworks to manage MNEs through law. The second is to examine the way that current contradictions impede efforts act developing coherent regulatory models and on that basis to sketch out alternatives beyond the quite limited and repetitive discursive approaches to the regulations of MNEs through law. The fundamental impediment to the legal regulation of the MNE, then, may well be the conceptual cage within which this use of regulation is constrained. As long as the “problem” of MNEs is understood as an institutional problem, that is as a problem of managing something that can be conceived at some level of generality as an institution, an appropriate regulatory response will be elusive. And it will be elusive precisely because the object of regulation cannot focus on the regulation of an object (the MNE as enterprise), but the management of a system (production chains beyond and within the state). For that enterprise, the traditional tools available to states and exercised on “things” will continue to increasingly elaborate legal interventions produce failure.
Comment on: negative health implications of sickle cell trait in high income countries: from the football field to the laboratory.

Keywords: sickle cell trait/anaemia; haemolysis; skeletal muscle; blood donation; prenatal diagnosis
Comparisons with Other Treatments

The three differences (i)-(iii) listed above in sec. 21 between our theory and most other approaches enable us to make certain comparisons here. In historical perspective, it is perhaps not entirely unfair to say that one of the aims of recent treatments of anaphora has been to explain such exceptions to the Langacker-Ross condition that from our perspective are caused by (i)-(iii), especially by (ii)-(iii). One theoretical difference between our theory and some of the other current theories is that, in these competing theories, an attempt is made to account for the exceptions by reference to the syntactical structure of the input sentence S0 of a semantical game. From our perspective, this may be expected to be doubly misleading (a) because some of the exceptions are caused by factors that are essentially semantical, not syntactical, such as the Exclusion Principle; and (b) because the relevant syntactical structure is not that of Ss, anyway, but that of some different sentence making its appearance at a later stage of the semantical game that originally started from S0.
Effects of Snow Cover on Selection of Calving Sites by Caribou

La relation entre la couverture de neige sur la zone de velage du caribou et la position des concentrations de velage a ete etudiee durant 14 annees et testee par difference de categories de couverture neigeuse par femelle
Limiting behavior of L1 adaptive controllers

This paper analyzes the limiting behavior of L1 adaptive controllers in the presence of fast adaptation. For linear systems it is shown that the L1 adaptive controllers approximate an implementable non–adaptive linear controller, when the adaptation rate approaches infinity. This implies that both the L1 adaptive and the limiting non–adaptive control systems achieve the same control objective. The essential difference between the two systems is in the synthesis of the feedback signal. In the limiting non–adaptive system the feedback signal makes explicit use of the system inverse, while the fast estimation loop of the L1 adaptive controller approximates this inverse map, avoiding the explicit system inversion. This property of the adaptive architecture is essential for its extension to nonlinear systems and also for accommodating various hardware constraints.
DTV Transmitter Installation Experience and Planning

The advent of ATSC digital television (DTV) in the U.S. has created the need to install an entirely new terrestrial transmission infrastructure nationwide. A principal piece of equipment in any television transmission plant is the high-power television transmitter. This paper considers the various challenges to the successful installation of high-power DTV television transmitters and identifies the performance parameters that play an important role in transmitter adjustment and operation. Data excerpted from a recent DTV transmitter are also included to provide an indication of performance levels to be expected.
Tough Sell: Selling User Experience

Copyright © 2010-2011, Usability Professionals‟ Association and the authors. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. URL: http://www.usabilityprofessionals.org. Tough Sell: Selling User Experience
Analysis on Trend of Public Health Emergent Events in Tianshui City during 2005-2009

[Objective]To study the trend of public health emergent events(PHEE) in Tianshui city of Gansu province in recent years.[Methods]Using PHEE case base from direct reporting network system,the distribution characteristics of PHEE in Tianshui city were described and analyzed.[Results]From 2005 to 2009,there were 78 PHEE reached the standard of National Public Health Emergency Plan,which included 3(3.85%) events of grade Ⅲ,75(96.15%) events of grade Ⅳ,and without grade I and grade Ⅱ.The attack rate was 34.88‰,mortality was 0.14%,the fatality rate was 0.41%,and the number of emergency events progressively increased by 93.43% on average each year.54(69.23%) events occurred in schools,and 19(24.36%) events occurred in villages.Among 70 events of infectious disease,the main causes of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳevents were influenza,H1N1 influenza A,hand-foot-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis.There were 6(7.69%) events of food poisoning.In 5years,two peaks of PHEE were March to May and October to December,which accounted for 67.94% of total events.[Conclusion]The number of PHEE in Tianshui city of Gansu province showed a rising trend,and main causes included infectious disease and food poisoning,and most of events occurred in schools and villages.The government and society should pay more attention to seasonal influenza,H1N1 influenza A,hand-foot-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis.
Analysis of Traffic Safety among Middle School Students and Safety Education Improvements

For the purpose of improving traffic safety condition and safety education for middle school students,a KAP study was conducted in Linyi and Binzhou,Shandong Province.Information about the students' traffic accident records and current safety education were collected.Discrepancies and correlations in KAP among students and the effect of safety education on KAP were studied.The results show that significant difference in KAP among students in different regions and grades exists,however,bicycle safety is common issue;students' traffic behavior is more correlated to safety knowledge than attitude,indicating the importance of traffic safety knowledge in education;current safety education is weakly related to traffic and the form and feature are still traditional,limiting the effect of traffic safety education.In conclusion,discrepancies in traffic KAP among students should be considered and preliminary investigation is needed for tailored education;safety knowledge is critical especially bicycle knowledge;the form and feature also need to meet students' demand for higher efficiency of safety education on middle school students' traffic KAP.
The conserved active site histidine-glutamate pair of ferrochelatase coordinately catalyzes porphyrin metalation

Ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX to generate heme. Despite recent research on the reaction mechanism of ferrochelatase, the precise roles and localization of individual active site residues in catalysis, particularly those involved in the insertion of the ferrous iron into the protoporphyrin IX substrate, remain controversial. One outstanding question is from which side of the macrocycle of the bound porphyin substrate is the ferrous iron substrate inserted. Pre-steady state kinetic experiments done under single-turnover conditions conclusively demonstrate that metal ion insertion is pH-dependent, and that the conserved active site His-Glu pair coordinately catalyzes the metal ion insertion reaction. Further, pKa calculations and molecular dynamic simulations indicate that the active site His is deprotonated and the protonation state of the Glu relates to the conformational state of ferrochelatase. Specifically, the conserved Glu in the open conformation of ferrochelatase is deprotonated, while it remains protonated in the closed conformation. These findings support not only the role of the His-Glu pair in catalyzing metal ion insertion, as these residues need to be deprotonated to bind the incoming metal ion, but also the importance of the relationship between the protonation state of the Glu residue and the conformation of ferrochelatase. Finally, the results of this study are consistent with our previous proposal that the unwinding of the π-helix, the major structural determinant of the closed to open conformational transition in ferrochelatase, is associated with the Glu residue binding the Fe2+ substrate from a mitochondrial Fe2+ donor.
Depletion-mediated piezoelectric AlGaN/GaN resonators

The electromechanical properties of an acoustic wave propagating in a piezoelectric media can be tuned by modulation of the resistivity of the piezoelectric material. This is readily available in piezoelectric semiconductor materials, wherein acoustic phonons and charge carriers can interact. In this work, we employ epitaxially grown AlGaN/GaN heterostructures in bulk acoustic wave resonators with Schottky interdigitated transducers biased in the depletion region to study the interaction between piezoelectric strain and depletion charges. By modulating the impedance of the depletion layer upon application of DC voltages, we tune the acoustic properties of bulk-mode resonators and show significant Q enhancement as the result of a depletion force added to the piezoelectric actuation force. Furthermore, we compare the performance of such resonators with pure GaN piezoelectric resonators that have the same geometry but with the AlGaN layer removed. When integrated with AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (located on the acoustic cavity or next to the resonator), such resonators can be used as frequency references in oscillator circuits in radio frequency (RF) blocks or utilized in harsh environment sensing applications.
Dorsal Lumbotomy for Surgery of the Upper Urinary Tract

AbstractBetween July 1978 and December 1985, 100 patients underwent an operation on the kidneys and ureter through the dorsal lumbotomy approach. A total of 12 patients underwent dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Compared to patients who underwent an operation via the standard flank incision, these 12 patients had significantly shorter hospitalization and fewer doses of analgesics. The treatment demonstrated improved cost-effectiveness. Similar advantages were noted in the remaining patients in whom removal of calculi (78), open renal biopsy (5), simple nephrectomy (4) and removal of a foreign body in the ureter (1) were done through the dorsal lumbotomy approach. We appeal for a renaissance of the dorsal lumbotomy approach in urological teaching and practice.
Towards an appropriate acceleration model for beol tddb

TDDB lifetime projections at operating voltages for backend of line (BEOL) dielectrics have been based on accelerated testing at high fields and extrapolation to operating conditions based on electric field dependent dielectric wear-out models. In this paper, we examine the veracity of common TDDB models by using a large set of failure data spanning 3 pitches. Key components of the approach include (i) investigating the universality of failure time data at 3 pitches and different test structure areas using area scaling, (ii) using the universal curve of failure time data to test the acceleration model for 3 pitches and (iii) examining the ability of the models to extrapolate to low field data using high field data for fitting and vice versa. While almost all models seem appropriate when entire set of data (low and high field) is used to fit, fitting only high or low field data and testing the ability to predict low and high fields respectively, shows that power-law and impact damage models extrapolate much better than the root-E model that shows systematic deviation during extrapolation.
A systems methodology for measuring operational organization effectiveness: a study of the original equipment computer manufacturing industry, 1948 to 2001

Optimizing operational organizational effectiveness is the central, although often unstated, goal of engineering management and systems engineering research and applications. Two fundamental problems remain to be addressed in pursuit of this goal. First, despite over fifty years of research in various disciplines, there is still no universally accepted definition of organizational effectiveness. Second, no methodology exists to identify the domains, dimensions, and determinants of operational organizational effectiveness and dynamically model operational organizational effectiveness within a given population. This research synthesizes a systems engineering methodology for identifying the domains, dimensions, and determinants of and dynamically modeling operational organizational effectiveness for an identified population. First, the methodology takes the concept of the niche from ecological theory as its definition of effectiveness. Specifically, an organization that is able to sustain a real nonnegative growth rate in its niche dimension under a set of competitive conditions is defined as being effective. Next, the methodology integrates organizational ecology and open systems theories, principles, and models into a unified systemic model of environmental and organizational domains and dimensions that provide the structure for research into the determinants of organizational effectiveness. Based on this model, the methodology gathers observable data on hypothesized determinants of effectiveness and applies event history survival and effectiveness analyses to identify the statistically significant determinants. The methodology's final two steps are to construct and validate a dynamic simulation model of organizational effectiveness based on the identified determinants and to perform sensitivity analyses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Thalamic Visual Prosthesis Project

The lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) is a well-studied structure in the early visual pathway that links the retina to the primary visual cortex. As a deep structure, it has been long overlooked by the visual prosthesis field due to surgical inaccessibility. The unrelated field of deep brain stimulation has developed safe and effective means for clinical implantation of stimulating electrodes in structures that are near the LGN, removing the primary barrier for consideration of the thalamus as a stimulation target for artificial vision. In this chapter we review current progress toward creation of a thalamic visual prosthesis, describing initial animal experiments as proof-of-concept with single microwire electrodes, computer simulations of electrode placement and the resulting pattern of phosphenes in the visual field, experiments with sighted human volunteers to assess effective acuity of artificial vision using virtual reality simulations, and finally results from training animals in an artificial vision simulation in preparation for implantation of stimulating electrodes.
Tibial osteotomy for genu varum. Indications, preoperative planning, and technique.

Abstract Valgus osteotomy of the proximal tibia remains the treatment of choice for the young active patient with a progressively symptomatic varus knee and mild to moderate secondary osteoarthritis. Although the natural history of the varus knee is not well established, it is widely accepted that patients with varus malalignment who develop meniscal injuries or progressive cartilage wear will inevitably develop more severe medial compartment osteoarthritis unless the abnormal mechanics of the knee are corrected.
Virtual forms, actual effects: how amplifying student voice through digital media promotes reflective practice and positions students as pedagogical partners to prospective high school and practicing college teachers

Digital media have unique potential to amplify student voice in both high school teacher preparation and academic development for college faculty. This paper applies narrative analysis to participant descriptions of how three uses of digital media amplify student voice in the context of a single higher education consortium: (1) high school students and prospective high school teachers use email to engage in dialogue as part of a larger project within the consortium's secondary teacher preparation program, (2) undergraduate student consultants use visual mapping technology as a classroom observation tool through one of the consortium's academic development programs for college faculty and (3) graduate and undergraduate students, faculty and staff engaged in pedagogical partnerships within and beyond this consortium use on an online platform to publish reflective essays on their collaborative work. Amplifying student voice through these uses of digital media has the following actual effects: it creates the possibility for exchanges between students and teachers across space and time; it supports the development of reflective practice; and it encourages the embrace of a partnership approach to teaching and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Patterned feeding induces neuroendocrine, behavioral and genetic changes that promote palatable food intake.

Patterned feeding induces neuroendocrine, behavioral and genetic changes that promote palatable food intake
Expected effects of adopting a 9 month regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a population modelling analysis

Summary Background In May, 2016, WHO endorsed a 9 month regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis that is cheaper and potentially more effective than the conventional, longer (20–24 month) therapy. We aimed to investigate the population-level implications of scaling up this new regimen. Methods In this population modelling analysis, we developed a dynamic transmission model to simulate the introduction of this short-course regimen as an instantaneous switch in 2016. We projected the corresponding percentage reduction in the incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by 2024 compared with continued use of longer therapy. In the primary analysis in a representative southeast Asian setting, we assumed that the short-course regimen would double treatment access (through savings in resources or capacity) and achieve long-term efficacy at levels seen in preliminary cohort studies. We then did extensive sensitivity analyses to explore a range of alternative scenarios. Findings Under the optimistic assumptions in the primary analysis, the incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in 2024 would be 3·3 (95% uncertainty range 2·2–5·6) per 100 000 population with the short-course regimen and 4·3 (2·9–7·6) per 100 000 population with continued use of longer therapy—ie, the short-course regimen could reduce incidence by 23% (10–38). Incidence would be reduced by 14% (4–28) if the new regimen affected only treatment effectiveness and by 11% (3–24) if it affected only treatment availability. Under more pessimistic assumptions, the short-course regimen would have minimal effect and even potential for harm—eg, when 30% of patients are ineligible for the new regimen because of second-line drug resistance, we projected a change in incidence of −2% (−20 to +28). The new regimen's effect was greater in settings with more ongoing transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, but results were otherwise similar across settings with different levels of tuberculosis incidence and prevalence of multidrug resistance. Interpretation The short-course regimen has potential to substantially lessen the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic, but this effect depends on its long-term efficacy, its ability to expand treatment access, and the role of second-line drug resistance. Funding US National Institutes of Health and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Measuring Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Microscale Damage in Large-Scale Concrete Slabs Using Nonlinear Rayleigh Surface Waves

The second harmonic generation (SHG) of nonlinear Rayleigh waves is applied to characterize the damage state induced by alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in large-scale plain concrete slabs. A measurement setup that uses a wedge transmitter and a non-contact, air-coupled receiver is implemented to generate and detect nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves and to obtain both the linear and nonlinear acoustic parameters, while complementary measurements track expansion of the concrete slabs. These results demonstrate the potential of SHG using nonlinear Rayleigh waves to assess the evolution of microscale damage induced by ASR in large-scale, in-service concrete components.
Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis Management in Rhinologists and Pediatric Otolaryngologists

Objective:To compare the management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (PCRS) between members of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) and the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO).S...
Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Superparameterized CAM in Response to Warmer SSTs

AbstractSubdaily temperature and precipitation extremes in response to warmer SSTs are investigated on a global scale using the superparameterized (SP) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), in which a cloud-resolving model is embedded in each CAM grid column to simulate convection explicitly. Two 10-yr simulations have been performed using present climatological sea surface temperature (SST) and perturbed SST climatology derived from the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. Compared with the conventional CAM, SP-CAM simulates colder temperatures and more realistic intensity distribution of precipitation, especially for heavy precipitation. The temperature and precipitation extremes have been defined by the 99th percentile of the 3-hourly data. For temperature, the changes in the warm and cold extremes are generally consistent between CAM and SP-CAM, with larger changes in warm extremes at low latitudes and larger changes in cold extremes at mid-to-high latitudes. For precipitation, CAM ...
Comparison of the effects of ketamine, ketamine-medetomidine, and ketamine-midazolam on physiologic parameters and anesthesia-induced stress in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques.

This study compared the cardiovascular, respiratory, anesthetic, and glucocorticoid effects of ketamine alone with ketamine–medetomidine and ketamine–midazolam in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. Macaques were given either intramuscular ketamine (10 mg/kg), intramuscular ketamine–medetomidine (3 mg/kg; 0.15 mg/kg), or oral midazolam (1 mg/kg) followed by intramuscular ketamine (8 mg/kg). The addition of medetomidine, but not midazolam, provided muscle relaxation and abolishment of reflexes that was superior to ketamine alone. In addition, medetomidine did not cause clinically relevant effects on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters when compared with ketamine. These 3 protocols did not have significantly different effects on fecal glucocorticoid metabolites. These results suggest that medetomidine can be a valuable addition to ketamine for healthy patients, whereas oral midazolam at the tested dose does not provide additional benefits.
Addressing unhealthy alcohol use among people living with HIV: recent advances and research directions

Purpose of reviewUnhealthy alcohol use is prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH). We sought to identify the most current literature examining the impact of unhealthy alcohol on health outcomes and latest developments on how to best intervene.Recent findingsNew research shows that PLWH have he
(Re)Centering Quality in Early Childhood Education: Toward Intersectional Justice for Minoritized Children:

In this chapter, we offer a critical intersectional analysis of quality in early childhood education with the aim of moving away from a singular understanding of “best practice,” thereby interrupti...
Structural Changes in India's Trade of Pulses: A Markov Approach

To access the growth and structural changes taking place in pulses area, production, productivity and trade aspects this analysis was carried out for a period of 10 years ranging from 2007-08 to 2016-17. It was done by calculating compound and simple growth statistics and by developing separate transitional matrix for exports and imports. Results regarding area, production, productivity, collective quantity and value of exports exhibited 1.88 percent, 3.63 percent, 1.71 percent,5.45 percent and 3.23 percent rate of compound growth rate respectively. Markov Chain analysis was attempted through linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major pulses export markets of Indian pulses and nations importing pulses to India. The major Indian pulses export markets were categorized as stable market (UAE) and unstable markets (Pakistan & Saudi Arab) based on the magnitude of transition probabilities. The import transition matrix also brought forward Canada and Myanmar as most trusted and Australia & USA as most unstable suppliers of Indian pulses imports. In conclusion, the growth in production (3.63 %) of the world's largest producer was far behind the simultaneous growth in import quantity (17.12%).
Surgical simulation and applicant perception in otolaryngology residency interviews.

Objective The traditional resident applicant interview involves multiple oral interviews. The implementation of surgical simulations adds an additional dimension of assessment but can be perceived in a stressful way by applicants. The purpose of this project is to describe low-fidelity simulations that were implemented for the 2016 to 2017 residency interviews and obtain applicant perception of these simulations. Methods Six simulation modules were created, which reflected tasks used in six subspecialties within otolaryngology (pediatrics, otology, laryngology, facial plastics, rhinology, and head/neck). Applicants were guided in the procedures by both an attending and resident. Afterward, applicants were anonymously surveyed on their perception of the tasks using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Somewhat Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Somewhat Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree). Results A total of 41 applicants were interviewed. The following were measured: enjoyable (98.5% strongly agree, 2.5% somewhat agree; mean: 4.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.92, 5.02), educational (88% strongly agree, 12% somewhat agree; mean: 4.88; 95% CI, 4.78, 4.98), recommended for future use (92.7% strongly agree, 7.3% somewhat agree; mean: 4.93; 95% CI, 4.85, 5.01), and stressful (63.5% strongly disagree, 19.5% somewhat disagree, 17% neutral; mean: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.30, 1.78). Conclusion Implementation of a low-fidelity multi-station surgical simulation experience is feasible in an interview day. Majority of applicants viewed the simulations in a positive manner. Surgical simulations may provide a useful holistic evaluation of an applicant in future interviews, especially if done in a setting that minimizes stress and maximizes the educational experience. Level of evidence 2b. Laryngoscope, 2503-2507, 2018.
Beamed Light Emission near a Gradient Metasurfaces

We investigate the ability of gradient metasurfaces to induce the selective emission of light with prescribed far-field properties from nearby sources. With this approach, we demonstrate off-axis unidirectional beaming of quantum-dot luminescence.
SET-9 and SET-26 are H3K4me3 readers and play critical roles in germline development and longevity.

Cells keep their DNA organized by wrapping it around groups of proteins called histones. These structures not only keep the genetic code tidy, they also affect how and when a cell uses its genes. This is because small chemical groups that are added to histones, such as a methyl group added to the fourth position of histone H3 (known as H3K4me3), affect which proteins can access the surrounding genes. This in turn determines whether those genes are likely to be on or off. Many proteins help to regulate histone modifications, including proteins that add or remove the specific chemical groups. Enzymes that add a methyl group to histone usually contain a region called SET; while proteins containing a structure called a PHD finger can recognize histone modifications and help to amplify the signal to switch a gene on or off. SET-9 and SET-26 are two proteins containing both SET regions and PHD fingers. Found in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, these proteins are 97% identical. Changes in histone modifications can affect the lifespan of these worms, and the number of offspring they produce. Recent work revealed that loss of SET-9 and SET-26 makes the worms live longer. Now, Wang et al. use gene editing to better understand how these proteins have their effects. Experiments with worms lacking the gene for SET-9 or SET-26 or both revealed that, despite looking almost identical, SET-9 and SET-26 have different roles. Every cell in the worm makes SET-26 protein and getting rid of it increases their lifespan by affecting the activity of a protein called DAF-16. But, only the cells in the reproductive system make SET-9, and both proteins play a role in fertility. A technique called ChIP-seq revealed where each protein attached to the genome. The PHD fingers of SET-9 and SET-26 bound to around half of the possible H3K4me3 modification sites. Not all the possible sites actually had a methyl group attached, and the pattern of binding matched the pattern of modifications. This indicates that the two proteins arrive only once the positions already have their methyl groups. Getting rid of the SET-9 and SET-26 proteins increased the number of H3K4me3 sites with methyl groups attached. This suggests that the role of SET-9 and SET-26 is to stop the spread of H3K4me3 modifications, controlling the use of certain genes. In mammals, the proteins SETD5 and MLL5 likely do the job of SET-9 and SET-26. Understanding how they work in worms could further our understanding of fertility and ageing in humans.
Comment on Buckley et al. Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Control in SPRINT-Eligible Participants of ACCORD-BP. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1733-1738.

Buckley et al. (1) suggest that Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)-eligible patients from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure (ACCORD-BP) trial who did not receive intensive glycemic control may have benefited from intensive blood pressure (BP) control and that therefore the studies share consistent results. Here, we report results of a similar analysis comparing SPRINT and ACCORD with a different conclusion. We specifically address whether varying patient characteristics between the trials account for the clear benefit of intensive BP control in SPRINT and the lack of benefit in ACCORD. We compared SPRINT-eligible ACCORD patients with ACCORD-eligible SPRINT patients by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria from both trials to each other (2,3). Of note, we excluded those with a history of stroke and used the Framingham 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculator for eligibility (4). We then calculated propensity scores for the likelihood of being assigned to one trial over another …
Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology: An Introduction

Speculation and research on the emotions has a long but not consistently venerable history. Many branches of science, as well as religion, philosophy, and law, have some interest in studying and in controlling or regulating these phenomena. In confronting and dealing with the problems of living and adapting to our circumstances, just about everyone is from time to time keenly concerned with the expression, disguise, or suppression of emotions; their effects on our judgment and actions; and their effects, whether expressed or suppressed, on our biological and psychological well-being.