cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Standard Biplane Roentgenography Is Highly Sensitive in Documenting Mediastinal Masses

The records of 30 patients with mediastinal masses were reviewed to evaluate the signs, symptoms, and preoperative tests that were most useful in diagnosing and localizing the masses. Sixteen (53%) of the tumors were benign, and 14 (47%) were malignant. Twenty patients were seen with symptoms. The most common symptoms suggesting malignancy were pain, weight loss, fever, and cough. Four of the 5 patients who were truly asymptomatic had benign lesions. All 4 patients with palpable adenopathy had malignant tumors. Posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms detected the mediastinal mass in 29 (97%) of the 30 patients. All patients were operated on for tissue diagnosis or resection (13, median sternotomy; 8, right thoracotomy; 3, left thoracotomy; 2, low anterior cervical approach). Eight patients underwent mediastinoscopy, which was diagnostic in 6 and obviated the need for operation in 4. It was of particular value for patients with lymphoma, who can be managed without resection.
Stochastic boundary elements in elastostatics

Abstract A stochastic boundary element formulation for the treatment of boundary value problems in two-dimensional elastostatics that involve a random operator is presented. A general perturbation procedure is formulated for the set of correlated random variables governing the response of the solid. This procedure is then specialized for the cases of (a) random geometry and (b) random material properties. The problems involving a random configuration are analyzed using the random variable model, and those with a random material property are analyzed using the random field model. The random field is first discretized into a set of correlated random variables, which are then transformed into an uncorrelated set to simplify the analysis. The derivatives of the boundary element matrices appearing in the systems of equations from the perturbation of the random variables are derived analytically. The direct solution methods are used to obtain the response variables and their first- and second-order derivatives, respectively. Quadratic, conforming boundary elements are employed in the boundary element discretization and the strongly singular terms of the boundary element matrices and their first- and second-order derivatives are obtained using the conditions associated with rigid body motions of the solid. The present formulation has been evaluated for a number of example problems through comparisons with the solutions obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. A good agreement of the results is observed.
Causality and headache triggers.

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the conditions necessary to assign causal status to headache triggers.
A Physics-Based Predictive Modeling Framework for Dielectric Charging and Creep in RF MEMS Capacitive Switches and Varactors

In this paper, we develop a physics-based theoretical modeling framework to predict the device lifetime defined by the dominant degradation mechanisms of RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitive switches (i.e., dielectric charging) and varactors (i.e., creep), respectively. Our model predicts the parametric degradation of performance metrics of RF MEMS capacitive switches and varactors, such as pull-in/pull-out voltages, pull-in time, impact velocity, and capacitance both for dc and ac bias. Specifically, for dielectric charging, the framework couples an experimentally validated theoretical model of time-dependent charge injection into the bulk traps with the Euler-Bernoulli equation for beam mechanics to predict the effect of dynamic charge injection on the performance of a capacitive switch. For creep, we generalize the Euler-Bernoulli equation to include a spring-dashpot model of viscoelasticity to predict the time-dependent capacitance change of a varactor due to creep. The new model will contribute to the reliability aware design and optimization of the capacitive MEMS switches and varactors.
Utilization and absorption of carbohydrates by the plerocercus metacestode of Otobothrium insigne (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha).

Abstract Hildreth M. B. and Lumsden R. D. 1988. Utilization and absorption of carbohydrates by the plerocercus metacestode of Otobothrium insigne (Cestoda:Trypanorhyncha). International Journal for Parasitology18: 251–257. Otobothrium insigne plerocerci were used to study the nutritional relationship between a metacestode bladder and its juvenile scolex relative to carbohydrate metabolism. This plerocercus contains a large quantity of glycogen in its blastocyst (bladder) outer wall and juvenile scolex. Blastocyst fluid contains a large amount of glucose, at a concentration significantly higher than that of the host's serum. When scoleces were excised from their blastocysts and maintained in saline without glucose, their glycogen content decreased significantly. However, if the scoleces were left in their blastocysts during maintenance in saline, their glycogen reserve remained unchanged, and the glycogen reserve in the blastocyst decreased significantly. This suggests that the blastocyst may function as a glucose reservoir for the scolex. The blastocyst absorbs glucose exclusively by active transport; in contrast, glucose is absorbed into the scolex by active transport and diffusion. The elevated glucose concentration in the blastocyst may cause glucose to enter the scolex primarily by diffusion. Therefore, the blastocyst may also serve to push glucose into the scolex by creating a high diffusion gradient for glucose in the fluid just external to the scolex.
Rattlesnake and scorpion antivenoms from the egg yolks of immunized hens.

Antivenoms used to treat poisonous bites and stings are usually derived from horse sera. Consequently, they contain horse immunoglobulins, which frequently cause complement mediated side effects, and other proteins that can cause serum sickness and, occasionally, anaphylactic shock. Here we describe a new, avian source of antivenoms that precludes these complications, and an efficient and gentle means for preparing antivenoms composed solely of venom-specific antibodies. We demonstrate that antivenoms purified from the egg yolks of laying hens immunized with Crotalus atrox rattlesnake venom and Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus scorpion venom neutralize the lethal effects of these venoms in vivo. Antivenoms purified from chicken eggs may be phar-maceutically safer and more economical to produce than current horse antivenoms.
FLOCOR: a new anti-adhesive, rheologic agent.

FLOCOR (purified poloxamer 188) is a surfactant molecule that represents a new class of pharmacological agent. FLOCOR is different in that its activity does not depend on high affinity receptor binding but rather on altering the way cells and molecules interact with water. Extensive preclinical studies in models of vascular occlusive disorders, including circulatory shock, acute stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI), suggest that iv. administration of poloxamer 188 improves microvascular blood flow in ischaemic tissues by inhibiting adhesive interactions, lowering blood viscosity and reducing friction along the vessel wall. In clinical studies, poloxamer 188 demonstrated statistically significant benefits in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute vaso-occlusive crisis of sickle cell disease. However, these studies were conducted with commercial grades of poloxamer 188 that contained nephrotoxic impurities, and elevated creatinine was observed in a small percentage of patients. A new hi...
160GHz pulsed transmitter with packaged antenna array in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents a 160GHz center frequency pulsed transmitter for short range radar applications. An array of four transmitters was implemented in a single chip with antennas implemented on the package. Each transmitter can be independently phase shifted, allowing transmit beamforming. The implemented transmitter is capable of producing pulses of 100ps wide (>20GHz RF bandwidth) with 160GHz carrier frequency. The measured effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is 14.5dBm for continuous wave operation. The entire chip consumes 1.4W from 1.2/1.4V supplies in a 65nm digital CMOS process.
B‐spline approximation for the baseline hazard function

Etezadi-Amoli and Ciampi (Biometrics 1987) introduced a method to approximate the baseline hazard and to estimate the regression coefficients for covariates simultaneously for the extended hazard regression (EHR) model using a quadratic spline approach. In this paper, an estimate of the baseline hazard function by B-spline approximation using a minimax criterion is proposed. The nonlinear problem is approximated by a linear programming problem with only linear constraints. The nice features of this approach are: (i) the minimax criterion provides a robust approximation to the hazard function, and (ii) the linearized problem is numerically simple and fast.
The α 1D -adrenergic receptor is expressed intracellularly and coupled to increases in intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species in human aortic smooth muscle cells

The cellular localization of the α1D-adrenergic receptor (α1D-AR) is controversial. Studies in heterologous cell systems have shown that this receptor is expressed in intracellular compartments. Other studies show that dimerization with other ARs promotes the cell surface expression of the α1D-AR. To assess the cellular localization in vascular smooth muscle cells, we developed an adenoviral vector for the efficient expression of a GFP labeled α1D-AR. We also measured cellular localization with immunocytochemistry. Intracellular calcium levels, measurement of reactive oxygen species and contraction of the rat aorta were used as measures of functional activity. The adenovirally expressed α1D-AR was expressed in intracellular compartments in human aortic smooth muscle cells. The intracellular localization of the α1D-AR was also demonstrated with immunocytochemistry using an α1D-AR specific antibody. RT-PCR analysis detected mRNA transcripts corresponding to the α1A-α1B- and α1D-ARs in these aortic smooth muscle cells. Therefore, the presence of the other α1-ARs, and the potential for dimerization with these receptors, does not alter the intracellular expression of the α1D-AR. Despite the predominant intracellular localization in vascular smooth muscle cells, the α1D-AR remained signaling competent and mediated the phenylephrine-induced increases in intracellular calcium. The α1D-AR also was coupled to the generation of reactive oxygen species in smooth muscle cells. There is evidence from heterologous systems that the α1D-AR heterodimerizes with the β2-AR and that desensitization of the β2-AR results in α1D-AR desensitization. In the rat aorta, desensitization of the β2-AR had no effect on contractile responses mediated by the α1D-AR. Our results suggest that the dimerization of the α1D-AR with other ARs does not alter the cellular expression or functional response characteristics of the α1D-AR.
Dispatch Problem of Automated Guided Vehicles for Serving Tandem Lift Quay Crane

New quay cranes (QCs) have been designed to increase terminal productivity by lifting more containers simultaneously. But QC productivity relies on efficient cooperation with the vehicles carrying the containers. This paper investigates the synchronization scheduling problem between the automated guided vehicles and these new QCs. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model. Because of the problem's complexity, a heuristic dispatch rule is proposed for practical purposes. Then, to balance the computation time and the quality of the solution, a neighborhood search method is designed by investigating the working sequences of automated guided vehicles. Numerical experiments show that both heuristics obtain good solutions within extremely short times and that the neighborhood search method generally performs better in relation to the objective value.
Effect of Resection of the Ampullary-Isthmic Junction on Estrogen Induced Tubal Locking of Ova in the Rabbit

Estrogen induced retardation of tubal ovum transport was examined in rabbits using microsurgical techniques. Rabbits underwent unilateral microsurgical transection or resection of the ampullary-isthmic junction of the oviduct (AIJ) followed by microsurgical end-to-end tubal anastomosis. Neither treatment interfered with the ability of 250 �ig depo estradiol given at the timeof hCG administration to retardtubalovum transport. Mean ovum recoveryratesof 85 to 97% were obtained. All ova were located within or in close proximity to the AlJ or anastomosis sitein all animals 72 h post hCG, estrogen administration. It is concluded that estrogen retards transport in the rabbit by acting upon the tubal isthmus rather than through selective action upon
Pressure overload-induced LV hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice are exacerbated by congenital NOS3 deficiency.

To investigate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) in left ventricular (LV) remodeling induced by chronic pressure overload, the impact of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) on L...
Relationship Problems and Dating Aggression A Potential Treatment Target

This study investigated the association between problems in dating relationships and the occurrence of physical aggression in these relationships. A total of 667 college students (268 men, 399 women) completed the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) and the Relationship Problem Scale (RPS). A factor analysis of the RPS revealed seven underlying problem areas: subject's jealousy, partner's jealousy, fighting, interference of friends, lack of time together, breakdown of relationship, and problems outside the relationship. Individuals who were aggressive toward their partners and those who were victims of their partner's aggression reported more problems in their relationships than did individuals in nonaggressive relationships. Also, several specific problem areas such as jealousy, fighting, breakdown of the relationship, and the interference of friends were reported more often by aggressive individuals. Aggressive individuals also indicated that the problems were more severe. The results are discussed with respec...
Enzyme Reactions for Preparative Scale Synthesis

The application of enzymes to catalyze synthesis reactions has been explored to a far lesser extent than applications involving only simple degradations or transformations. In theory there are many conceivable enzymatic reaction schemes which result in synthesis of desirable chemical compounds. Most of these schemes, however, involve a sequence of reactions incorporating enzymatic steps which have been separately demonstrated, but which in practice have not been linked together in a single reaction network to produce preparative scale quantities of product for subsequent isolation in pure form.
Performance analysis of the PetaWeb optical network architecture

The dramatic increase of Internet users and the development of new high volume Internet applications has a profound impact on the design of next generation optical network (NGON) architectures. In order to cope with the immense diversity of applications and traffic volume, highly dynamic optical networks will be needed. Nortel Networks, proposed one kind of NGON architecture, known as PetaWeb. PetaWeb is based on a star topology, formed by an adaptive core and edge switches, which can accommodate traffic fluctuations by periodically reconfiguring the optical channels. This results in increased effective capacity of the network and reduction of the average delay and delay jitter. We implement a simulation model of the PetaWeb architecture and test its functionality under a variety of traffic loading conditions. The effect of traffic on the behavior of the protocols and the performance of the network is investigated by applying several traffic models. Simulation results are presented We have performed a thorough analysis how of performance related parameters are affected by the reconfiguration frequency, as well as the statistical behavior of the traffic.
Modification of High Density Lipoprotein by Myeloperoxidase Generates a Pro-inflammatory Particle *

High density lipoprotein (HDL) is the major atheroprotective particle in plasma. Recent studies demonstrate that myeloperoxidase (MPO) binds to HDL in vivo, selectively targeting apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) of HDL for oxidative modification and concurrent loss in cholesterol efflux and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activating activities, generating a “dysfunctional HDL” particle. We now show that (patho)physiologically relevant levels of MPO-catalyzed oxidation result in loss of non-cholesterol efflux activities of HDL including anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions. One mechanism responsible is shown to involve the loss of modified HDL binding to the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor B1, and concurrent acquisition of saturable and specific binding to a novel unknown receptor independent of scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A1. HDL modification by MPO is further shown to confer pro-inflammatory gain of function activities as monitored by NF-κB activation and surface vascular cell adhesion molecule levels on aortic endothelial cells exposed to MPO-oxidized HDL. The loss of non-cholesterol efflux activities and the gain of pro-inflammatory functions requires modification of the entire particle and can be recapitulated by oxidation of reconstituted HDL particles comprised of apoA1 and nonoxidizable phosphatidylcholine species. Multiple site-directed mutagenesis studies of apoA1 suggest that the pro-inflammatory activity of MPO-modified HDL does not involve methionine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, oxidant-sensitive residues previously mapped as sites of apoA1 oxidation within human atheroma. Thus, MPO-catalyzed oxidation of HDL results not only in the loss of classic atheroprotective reverse cholesterol transport activities of the lipoprotein but also both the loss of non-cholesterol efflux related activities and the gain of pro-inflammatory functions.
Hypoxia and Senescence: The Impact of Oxygenation on Tumor Suppression

Cellular senescence has emerged as a biological response to two major pathophysiological states of our being: cancer and aging. In the course of the transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous cell, senescence is frequently induced to suppress tumor development. In aged individuals, senescence is found in cells that have exhausted their replication potential. The similarity in these responses suggests that understanding how senescence is mediated can provide insight into both cancer and aging. One environmental factor that is implicated in both of these states is tissue hypoxia, which increases with aging and can inhibit senescence. Hypoxia is particularly important in normal physiology to maintain the stem cell niche; but at the same time, hypoxic inhibition of an essential tumor suppressor response can theoretically contribute to cancer initiation.
Do Idiomatic Constructions Always Aid Language Learning

Kaschak and Saffran (2006) reported that the presence of an idiomatic syntactic construction (i.e., a construction whose structure violates the rules that govern the structure of the other sentences in the language) in training had a positive effect on participants' ability to acquire the phrase structure of an artificial language, but only when the idiomatic construction was given a distinctive prosodic feature. The present study extends this finding by exploring whether the distinctive meanings that accompany idiomatic constructions also influence their effect on language learning. We report two experiments in which Kaschak and Saffran's paradigm is replicated with one important change: whereas the previous study provided participants with only auditory training, the current studies added a visual reference world (i.e., semantics) to the training. Our experiments failed to reproduce the beneficial effects of the idiomatic construction on the acquisition of the phrase structure of the language. This resu...
First Report of Pythium deliense Associated with Peanut Pod Rot in Georgia

In fall 2012 and 2013, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in commercial fields in Tift County, GA, showed pod rot symptoms. The disease was primarily damaging pods and kernels and symptoms included brown to black, water-soaked lesions on pods and blackened pegs with white fluffy mycelia. Ten random symptomatic pods collected from the field were plated on potato dextrose agar after surface sterilization with 0.5% NaOCl. The plates were incubated at 25°C for 5 days in the dark. Whitish fungus-like cultures with non-septate mycelium grew from all the pods. Single hyphal tip cultures were obtained on pimaricin-ampicillin-rifampicin-pentachloronitrobenzene (PARP) medium. Isolates on PARP agar plates had three different growth patterns: two groups of isolates produced sporangia and the third group produced oogonia. The isolates were identified as Pythium spp. based on growth pattern and sporangial and oogonial structures (2). DNA of one representative isolate from each group was extracted and the internal trans...
The organization of the descending ventral pallidal projections in the monkey

This study describes the organization and topography of the descending efferent projections from the monkey ventral pallidum. The main efferent projections from the globus pallidus are to the subthalamus, to the thalamus, and to the substantia nigra. Although these projections have been well established for the dorsal pallidum, the projections of the ventral pallidum have not been explored in primates. The results of this study add an important link in how information from the limbic lobe is channeled through the basal ganglia in monkeys. Anterograde tracers, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin, and tritiated amino acids were injected into various regions of the ventral pallidum. The descending efferent projection from the ventral pallidum in monkeys terminates primarily in the subthalamic nucleus and adjacent lateral hypothalamus, in the substantia nigra, and in the lateral habenular nucleus. Although terminals are also found in the thalamus, these are relatively sparse. The projections to the subthalamic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus are topographically arranged, while those to the substantia nigra are not. These results suggest that pathways from distinct pallidal regions that receive specific striatal input terminate in distinct regions of the subthalamic/hypothalamic regions, thus maintaining a topographic arrangement. Projections to the substantia nigra, however, overlap extensively, suggesting convergence of terminals from different ventral pallidal regions. The relatively small projection to the thalamus raises the question that without a prominent thalamic projection, is this system parallel to that described for the dorsal globus pallidus?
Geomagnetic Storms at ATS 1

A geomagnetic storm is accompanied by effects in the magnetic field at ATS 1 that are as complex as the storm-time effects in the surface field. Nevertheless, the comparison of field measurements taken at a geostationary satellite with those recorded simultaneously at the surface has yielded considerable information on the properties of the storm-time disturbance field. In addition, several types of oscillatory phenomena have been recorded at ATS 1 during storms.
Preliminary Evidence that the Limbal Ring Influences Facial Attractiveness

The limbal ring of the eye appears as a dark annulus where the iris meets the sclera. Both width and opacity of the limbal ring are influenced by iris pigmentation and optical properties of the region. With age the limbal ring becomes less prominent, making it a probabilistic indicator of youth and health. This raises the question: Are judgments of facial attractiveness sensitive to this signal in a potentially adaptive way? Here we show that the answer is yes. For male and female observers, both male and female faces with a dark and distinct limbal ring are rated as more attractive than otherwise identical faces with no limbal ring. This result is observed not just for upright faces but also for inverted faces, suggesting that the limbal ring is processed primarily as a local feature rather than as a configural feature in the analysis of facial beauty. We also discuss directions for future research that can clarify the role of the limbal ring in the visual perception of facial attractiveness.
Supplementation with Quaternary Benzo(c)phenanthridine Alkaloids Decreased Salivary Cortisol and Salmonella Shedding in Pigs After Transportation to the Slaughterhouse

The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of herbal extracts supplementation, particularly quaternary-benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA), which have been previously demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immune-modulator effects. We investigated the role of QBA on stress response and Salmonella shedding in finishing pigs transported to the slaughterhouse. A total of 82 pigs were orally challenged with a Salmonella cocktail (day 0) containing Salmonella Meleagridis, Hartford, Bovismorbificans and Newport serovars and randomly assigned to three treatment groups after 2 wks (day [D] 14): T1, in-feed QBA; T2, in-feed and water-soluble QBA; CON, nonsupplemented). Pigs were transported to the slaughterhouse 2 weeks after intervention (D 28) and slaughtered after nearly 19 h (D 29). Saliva, fecal samples, and carcass swabs were collected from all pigs. Salivary cortisol, Salmonella shedding, and carcass contamination were measured. A high positive correlation (Spearman rank correlation coefficient range 0.82-0.93) between salivary cortisol and Salmonella shedding was found after transportation in all groups (p < 0.05). Only the CON group showed an increase in salivary cortisol after transportation (5.48 ng/mL; p < 0.0001) to concentrations that were higher than in T1 (2.73 ng/mL; p = 0.0002) and T2 (1.88 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Salmonella prevalence and shedding decreased after transportation in pigs receiving the QBA intervention (p < 0.05), whereas the control group showed a significant increase in Salmonella shedding after transportation (p = 0.04). At D 28, pigs in T2 shed lower numbers of Salmonella as compared to T1 (1.3E + 02 CFU/mL versus 8E + 03 CFU/mL; p = 0.002). Additionally, carcass contamination by Salmonella was higher in the CON group than the treated groups (p = 0.01). The findings show QBA intervention was effective in reducing transportation stress of pigs, resulting in reduced Salmonella shedding and positively impacting animal welfare and pork safety.
Temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT

In this paper, we report on the DC and gate-lag pulsed (200ns) I-V characteristics of GaN-based HEMTs with and without SiN passivation between 77 K and 300 K.
Forces Affecting the Interindustry Wage Structure

I. Introduction, 254. — II. Recent research on the interindustry wage structure, 255. — III. The original level of earnings, 257. — IV. Degree of organization, 266. — V. Changes in employment, 269. — VI. Other influences, 277. — VII. Conclusions, 278.
Understanding influences of convective transport and removal processes on aerosol vertical distribution

The vertical distribution of aerosols is an important component of aerosol radiative forcing. Here we investigate the effects of convection transport and precipitation on the vertical aerosol distribution using observations and reanalysis data. As expected, convective mass flux is positively correlated with precipitation everywhere. Both positive and negative correlations between convective mass flux, precipitation, and aerosol vertical dispersivity exist, depending on the region. In the tropics, more (less) convective mass flux is associated with more (less) precipitation and more (less) aerosol vertical dispersivity—including more (less) aerosol above 500 hPa. In contrast, a negative relationship exists between aerosol vertical dispersivity and both convective mass flux and precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude ocean. Aerosol vertical dispersivity in this region is related to convective mass flux and precipitation over the emission sources. We conclude that convective transport is an important mechanism controlling the global vertical dispersivity of aerosol.
Epideictic memories of war: reconceiving the classical funeral oration as exigence-driven discourse

Epideictic discourse has been and remains an enigma in rhetorical studies. The concept has been considered from numerous perspectives, but praise and blame, the purposes Aristotle ascribed to his third genre, still remain pervasive in our understanding of it. Following scholars who have questioned how well Aristotelian definitions of the concept can explain epideictic discourse in antiquity (Chase, 1961; Duffy, 1983; Walker, 2000), these essays will examine the political functions of the classical funeral oration (Epitaphios Logos), a quintessentially epideictic form of rhetoric. To date, few studies (Hesk, 2013 is a notable exception) explore the influence of political exigencies that confronted the ancient orator when speaking in ceremonial contexts. Responding to the sparse treatment of the subject, this project applies close reading of two extant funeral orations from classical Athens to investigate the connection between funerary discourse the prosecution of war efforts. As a work of conceptually oriented criticism, it aims to add to, modify, or reconceive of the epideictic genre and illuminate aspects of the text and context of the speeches under study. I propose that Aristotle's conception of epideictic is insufficient to explain the discourse of his contemporaries because it ignored the political ends ceremonial orators pursued, in particular, those of Demosthenes and Hyperides, two orators for whom we have extant texts of a funeral oration each delivered. By drawing on the works of modern rhetorical theorists including Chaim Perelman, Lloyd Bitzer, and Kenneth Burke, I argue for a more fluid conception of the epideictic genre, one that is determined more by the immediate exigencies of the rhetorical situation than by the traditional tropes thought to govern the tradition.
Treatment of bifurcation lesions: less is more.

The conventional approach to treating bifurcation lesions has involved either a provisional single-stent strategy or intentional stenting of both the main branch (MB) and the side branch (SB). Because neither the “simple” provisional strategy nor the “complex” multistent approach guarantees
Chapter 8 – Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction is an irreversible process that produces entropy. The changes in thermodynamic potentials for chemical reactions yield the affinity A. All four potentials U, H, A, and G decrease as a chemical reaction proceeds. The rate of reaction, which is the change of the extent of the reaction with time, has the same sign as the affinity. The reaction system is in equilibrium state when the affinity is zero. This chapter, after introducing the equilibrium constant, discusses briefly the rate of entropy production in chemical reactions and coupling aspects of multiple reactions. Enzyme kinetics is also summarized.
A Description of the First Instar Larva of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Coptotominae) with an Emphasis on Cranial Morphology and Comments on the Phylogeny of Basal Lineages of Dytiscidae

Abstract First instars hatched from eggs laid by adults of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius) are described and illustrated with an emphasis on cranial morphology. Cranial horns are described as arising from within the frontoclypeal interior and not the distal margin. The distal margin of the frontoclypeus forms a short broadly-rounded nasale with a sub-rectangular labrum inflected onto the epipharynx. The cranial morphology supports a close phyletic relationship between Coptotominae and Laccophilinae.
Human Capital Development in Professional Cycling

Human capital development in sport, particularly within the sport of cycling, has not apparently been directly addressed in the academic literature. This chapter begins by providing some context of professional cyclist careers and then outlines some basic components of a professional cyclist’s stock of human capital, specifically physical and cognitive components. Available avenues for human capital development for cyclists are also described, and the persistence of the cognitive components of human capital is discussed with regard to the cycling coaching and team management professions. The contrasting time frames of human capital investments for cyclists and specifically their depreciation rates are highlighted as a potential avenue for future economic research.
What is Intellectual Property

Before providing a summary of the articles included in this volume, I have given a brief overview of the subject matter or domain of intellectual property. Apart from owning cars, computers, land, or other tangible goods, intellectual property law enables individuals to obtain ownership rights to control works of literature, musical compositions, processes of manufacture, computer software, and the like. Setting aside concerns of justifying rights to intellectual property, which is the primary focus of this volume, a brief exposition of what counts as intellectual property would be helpful.
Abel Victorino Brandin premier précurseur de la psychiatrie au Pérou

Resume L’auteur peruvien de cette communication, membre associe international de la Societe medico-psychologique, nous fait decouvrir un medecin francais qui, apres avoir commence a exercer dans notre pays a la fin de l’Empire, est parti pour l’Amerique du Sud ou, au cours de voyages dans plusieurs des pays qui luttaient pour leur independance, il a fait decouvrir aux medecins qui y exercaient les nouveautes qui etaient apparues dans notre pays au debut du xix e siecle, en medecine et notamment en medecine mentale. Apres son retour en France, il a publie a Paris des ouvrages sur les cultures qu’il avait connues en Amerique du Sud et aussi en Afrique du Nord ou il a aussi voyage.
Energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation of peroxyformate anion: enthalpies of formation of peroxyformic acid and peroxyformyl radical.

We measure the oxygen–oxygen bond dissociation energy of the peroxyformate anion (HCO3–) using energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation with a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. The analysis of the dissociation process from HCO3– (1A′) to HCO2– (1A2) + O(3P) requires consideration of the singlet–triplet crossing along the reaction path and of the competing OH– and O2H– product channels. The measured oxygen–oxygen bond dissociation energy is D0(HCO2––O) = 1.30 ± 0.13 eV (126 ± 12 kJ/mol). This threshold energy measurement is used in thermochemical cycles to derive the enthalpies of formation for peroxyformic acid, ΔfH0(HCO3H) = −287 ± 19 kJ/mol, and peroxyformyl radical, ΔfH0(HCO3•) = −98 ± 12 kJ/mol. These values are in good agreement with computational energies.
QconCAT: Internal Standard for Protein Quantification

Protein quantification based on stable isotope labeling-mass spectrometry involves adding known quantities of stable isotope-labeled internal standards into biological samples. The internal standards are analogous to analyte molecules and quantification is achieved by comparing signals from isotope-labeled and analyte molecules. This methodology is broadly applicable to proteomics research, biomarker discovery and validation, and clinical studies, which require accurate and precise protein abundance measurements. One such internal standard platform for protein quantification is concatenated peptides (QconCAT). This chapter describes a protocol for the design, expression, characterization, and application of the QconCAT strategy for protein quantification.
KL--> micro+/-e+/- nu nu -bar as a background to KL--> micro+/-e+/-

We consider the process [ital K][sub [ital L]][r arrow][mu][sup [plus minus]][ital e[minus plus]][nu][bar [nu]] at next to leading order in chiral perturbation theory. This process occurs in the standard model at second order in the weak interaction, and constitutes a potential background in searches for new physics through the modes [ital K][sub [ital L]][r arrow][mu][sup [plus minus]][ital e[minus plus]]. We find that the same cut, [ital M][sub [mu][ital e]][gt]489 MeV, used to remove the sequential decays [ital K][sub [ital l]3][r arrow][pi][sub [ital l]2] pushes the [ital B]([ital K][sub [ital L]][r arrow][mu][sup [plus minus]][ital e[minus plus]][nu][bar [nu]]) to the 10[sup [minus]23] level, effectively removing it as a background.
Management Courses For Clinical Engineering Curricula

Within most hospitals, the practice of clinical engineering contains a significant management component. Although originally trained in engineering, many clinical engineers tend to do more management functions than engineering tasks. Rarely, however, have they been repared for these management tasks. Offerethere are a listing of management to ics that are available at both an undergraiate and graduate level. Existing rograms are encouraged to evaluate the feasigility of incorporating this subject matter into their clinical engineering curricula.
Midterm Radiographic and Functional Outcomes of the Anterior Subcutaneous Internal Pelvic Fixator (INFIX) for Pelvic Ring Injuries.

OBJECTIVE To describe our experience using the anterior internal pelvic fixator (INFIX) for treating pelvic ring injuries. DESIGN Case Series. SETTING Level 1 Trauma Center. PATIENTS Eighty-three patients with pelvic ring injuries were treated with INFIX. Follow-up average was 35 months (range 12-80.33). INTERVENTION Surgical treatment of pelvic ring injuries included reduction, appropriate posterior fixation, and INFIX placement. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Reduction using the pelvic deformity index and pubic symphysis widening, Majeed functional scores, complications; infection, implant failure, heterotopic ossification (HO), nerve injury, and pain. RESULTS All patients healed in an appropriate time frame (full weight bearing 12 weeks postoperation). The average pelvic deformity index reduction (injury = 0.0420 ± 0.0412, latest FU = 0.0254 ± 0.0243) was 39.58%. The average reduction of pubic symphysis injuries was 56.92%. The average Majeed score of patients at latest follow-up was 78.77 (range 47-100). Complications were 3 infections, 1 case of implant failure, 2 cases implantation too deep, 7 cases of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve irritation, and 3 cases of pain associated with the device. HO was seen in >50% of the patients, correlated with increased age (P < 0.007), injury severity score (P < 0.05) but only 1 case was symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS The pelvic injuries had good functional and radiological outcomes with INFIX and the appropriate posterior fixation. The downside is removal requiring a second anesthetic, there is a learning curve, HO often occurs, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve may get irritated which often resolves once the implants are removed. Surgery-specific implants need to be developed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Highly Linear 60-GHz SiGe Downconversion/Upconversion Mixers

A linear RF to IF downconversion and IF to RF upconversion mixers for 60-GHz transceivers were implemented in 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ SiGe technology. The mixers were implemented using a mixing core only topology for enhanced linearity, with no local oscillator (LO) buffers and a transformer-based matching network for IF frequencies. The downconversion mixer at full attenuation shows a minimum of 10-dBm IIP3 and maximum measured loss of 6.5 dB within the entire 57–66 GHz frequency band. Without attenuation, the conversion gain is above 4 dB, with better than 2-dBm IIP3 and a noise figure maximum value of 14 dB within the band. The transmit mixer exhibits less than 2.5-dB conversion loss, better than 7.5-dBm OIP3 with minimal temperature variations. For improved LO to RF isolation, separated dc bias control is used in the mixing devices providing over 46-dBc LO suppression within the band. The mixers occupy only 0.47 and 0.22 mm $^{\mathrm {\mathbf {2}}}$ consuming 56 mW for downconversion mixer with IF amplifier and 27 mW for upconversion mixer.
Between Hot Rocks and Dry Places: The Status of the Dixie Valley Toad

In Dixie Valley, Nevada, an isolated population of toads has been the subject of proactive conservation measures by the Nevada Department of Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service since 2008 due to concerns about potential habitat degradation resulting from exploitation of nearby geothermal energy resources. These toads appear to belong within the Anaxyrus boreas species group but are commonly referred to as Dixie Valley toads (DVTs). The DVT is currently confined to an extremely narrow habitat range (370 ha) that is geographically isolated from any other A. boreas population. In this study, genetic variations in mitochondrial genes and 11 microsatellite loci were used to assess the affinities of DVTs in relation to members of the A. boreas species group. We compared results from DVTs with previously published data spanning much of the range of A. boreas in the United States and new data from a nearby toad population within Dixie Valley. Data from both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites placed DVTs inside the A. boreas species group. In particular, DVTs fell into a cluster of A. boreas from Washington and California, along with other species from the A. boreas species group, namely A. nelsoni, A. canorus, and A. exsul. Genetic differentiation of DVTs was lowest between A. boreas populations in Washington and California. However, allele frequencies were significantly different between DVTs and all other populations, including a nearby locality within Dixie Valley. This genetic differentiation, along with the DVT's geographical isolation and restricted habitat, warrants recognition of the DVT as a distinct management unit.
Self-control and mechanisms of behavior: Why self-control is not a natural mental kind

AbstractIn this paper, I argue for two main hypotheses. First, that (philosophical) self-control is not a natural mental kind and, second, that there is no dedicated mechanism of self-control (indeed, the latter claim forms part of my argument for the former). By the first claim, I simply mean that those behaviors we label as “self-controlled” are a somewhat arbitrarily selected hodgepodge that do not have anything in common that distinguishes them from other behaviors. In other words, self-control is a gerrymandered property that does not correspond to a natural mental or psychological kind. By the second claim, I mean that self-controlled behaviors are not produced by a mechanism (or a set of them) that is not utilized in the production of other (non-self-controlled) behaviors. Not only is there no natural mental property of self-control, there is no mechanism (such as willpower) that is dedicated to producing self-controlled behavior. I further evaluate whether this account of self-control has enough e...
Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) Occupancy in the Context of Fire in Mississippi and Alabama, USA

Abstract. The Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) is a migratory bird with many aspects of its ecology poorly understood. The objective of this study was to examine effects of fire, vegetation structure, and landscape variables on site occupancy and detection probabilities for Yellow Rails overwintering in coastal pine savannas of Mississippi and Alabama. Between December and April, 2012–2013, dragline surveys for Yellow Rail were conducted at three conservation areas: two in Jackson County, Mississippi, and one in Mobile County, Alabama, USA. Site occupancy for Yellow Rail was 0.81 ± 0.06 (SD) with detection probabilities of 0.79 ± 0.09 (SD). Yellow Rail occupancy related negatively with time since fire, indicating fire provides conditions attractive to Yellow Rail overwintering throughout the study area. Yellow Rail use of wetland and fire-maintained habitats within coastal Mississippi during winter, coupled with continued loss of open grasslands and inadequate management of fire-dependent pine sav...
Quantification in Warlpiri

In this chapter, I provide a descriptive overview of quantification in Warlpiri, a Pama-Nyungan language spoken by approximately 3,000 people in central Australia. Warlpiri’s quantificational system is of particular interest due to the fact that a number of Warlpiri A-quantifiers are interpreted as taking nominal scope; that is, as D-quantifiers. Conversely, a number of Warlpiri D-quantifiers are interpreted as modifying the VP or event; that is, as A-quantifiers. I show that Warlpiri has a relatively large inventory of D-quantifiers, many of which are morphologically complex. This challenges standard assumptions of quantifiers as a typically monomorphemic lexical category, and sheds light on the relevant compositional properties of Warlpiri quantifiers.
Should Neural Network Architecture Reflect Linguistic Structure

I explore the hypothesis that conventional neural network models (e.g., recurrent neural networks) are incorrectly biased for making linguistically sensible generalizations when learning, and that a better class of models is based on architectures that reflect hierarchical structures for which considerable behavioral evidence exists. I focus on the problem of modeling and representing the meanings of sentences. On the generation front, I introduce recurrent neural network grammars (RNNGs), a joint, generative model of phrase-structure trees and sentences. RNNGs operate via a recursive syntactic process reminiscent of probabilistic context-free grammar generation, but decisions are parameterized using RNNs that condition on the entire (top-down, left-to-right) syntactic derivation history, thus relaxing context-free independence assumptions, while retaining a bias toward explaining decisions via “syntactically local” conditioning contexts. Experiments show that RNNGs obtain better results in generating language than models that don’t exploit linguistic structure. On the representation front, I explore unsupervised learning of syntactic structures based on distant semantic supervision using a reinforcement-learning algorithm. The learner seeks a syntactic structure that provides a compositional architecture that produces a good representation for a downstream semantic task. Although the inferred structures are quite different from traditional syntactic analyses, the performance on the downstream tasks surpasses that of systems that use sequential RNNs and tree-structured RNNs based on treebank dependencies. This is joint work with Adhi Kuncoro, Dani Yogatama, Miguel Ballesteros, Phil Blunsom, Ed Grefenstette, Wang Ling, and Noah A. Smith.
Gripping techniques and concerns for mechanical testing of ultra high temperature materials

Abstract High temperature mechanical testing of ultra high temperature materials, such as monolithic ceramics, ceramic matrix composites, and carbon — carbon composites, can be a very difficult task. Many factors will influence the success or failure of the test, including the mechanical test system, heating system, gripping system, testpiece design, and the strain measurement system. The gripping system is one of the most critical factors that will influence the test results. Many techniques exist to grip ultra high temperature materials for tensile testing, as well as flexure and compression testing. This paper focuses on the various gripping techniques that exist for monotonic and cyclic tension testing of ultra high temperature materials. A discussion of hot grips versus cold grips is included, as well as a discussion of testpiece design considerations that must be employed to perform a successful test.