cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A light and electron microscopic study of sensory organs and associated structures in the foreleg tibia of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis.

Early descriptions of insect sensory organs included three presumed mechanotransducers in the tibia of Orthoptera, namely the subgenual organ, the intermediate organ, and the tympanal organ. This investigation re-evaluates the light microscopic appearances of these organs in the foreleg tibia of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis, initially described by Herbig in 1902. The study also examines the fine structure of the subgenual and intermediate organs and provides the first fine structure analysis of these structures. The subgenual and intermediate organs are typical scolopophorus organs suspended perpendicular to each other within the dorsal hemolymph canal. Each is innervated by dendrites from the anterior ganglion. Neither the subgenual, intermediate, nor tympanal organ is structurally related to the larger posterior tympanic membrane. The study shows that the tibial tympanal organ in the cricket is not a scolopophorus organ, but consists of highly modified epithelium, associated with the anterior tympanic membrane, and receiving innervation from the anterior ganglion.
The practice and study of civil resistance

This article provides an overview of the practice and study of civil resistance. First, historical roots of modern civil resistance are discussed, including the emergence in the 19th century of mass-based campaigns of non-cooperation to promote nationalist and labor interests, as well as the significance of Mohandas Gandhi and the widespread use of nonviolent resistance in the 20th century. Second, perspectives of scholars of social movements and revolution are compared with those of scholars who focus more specifically on nonviolent resistance. Despite studying much of the same phenomena, separate literatures have developed that are ripe for cross-fertilization and synthesis. In the third section, a literature review is organized around three key concepts for understanding civil resistance: mobilization, resilience, and leverage. Fourth, consequences of nonviolent resistance relative to violent resistance are discussed. Finally, areas for future research are identified.
Action of metabolic hormones on the fine structure of liver cells. II. Effects of hypophysectomy and chronic administration of somatotropin.

Electron microscopic studies of hepatocytes from sham-operated, hypophysectomized, and hypophysectomized rats treated with somatotropin were undertaken in order to obtain morphological information on the mechanism of hormone action at the cellular level. Fed and fasted animals from each of the above groups were studied. Hepatocytes from fed rats of the three groups showed similar characteristics: periportal cells contained large dense masses of glycogen throughout the cytosome with relatively little smooth endoplasmic reticulum; mid-lobular cells displayed small dense masses of glycogen with few associated elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; centrilobular hepatocytes showed dispersed glycogen and abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Hepatocytes from hypophysectomized rats fasted fifteen hours showed significant alterations in structure when compared with liver cells from sham-operated animals. Differences noted were: decrease in mid-lobular cell size and amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; decrease in glycogen, number of ribosomes and polysomes per hepatocyte; disorganization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; and swelling of mitochondria and increase in number per cytoplsmic volume. Periportal hepatocytes from fasted hypophysectomized rats treated with somatotropin for ten days contain numerous small masses of glycogen with elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum at the periphery of the glycogen masses. Mid-lobular and centrilobular hepatocytes contain masses of dispersed glycogen with an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with the glycogen particles.
An event study of the effects of partner and location cultural differences in joint ventures

Abstract This study focuses on one of the most important aspects of domestic joint venture and international joint venture (IJV) formation: culture difference. The study adapts the Makino and Beamish (1998) ownership-structure classification of IJVs and empirically examines the effects of JV partner and JV location cultural differences. Using an event-study methodology, our results reveal the impact of cultural difference on shareholder value creation. The article discusses the implications of using cultural difference measures in international research.
Memristor-based pattern recognition for image processing: an adaptive coded aperture imaging and sensing opportunity

Adaptive coded aperture (diffraction) sensing, an emerging technology enabling real-time, wide-area IR/visible sensing and imaging, could benefit from new high performance biologically inspired image processing architectures. The memristor, a novel two terminal passive device can enable significantly powerful biologically inspired processing architectures. This device was first theorized by Dr. Leon Chua in 1971. In 2008, HP Labs successfully fabricated the first memristor devices. Due to its unique properties, the memristor can be used to implement neuromorphic functions as its dynamics closely model those of a synapse, and can thus be utilized in biologically inspired processing architectures. This paper uses existing device models to determine how device parameters can be tuned for the memristor to be used in neuromorphic circuit design. Specifically, the relation between the different models and the number of states the device can hold are examined.
Influence of Mn solute content on grain size reduction and improved strength in mechanically alloyed Al–Mn alloys

Abstract Al–Mn alloys with a solid-solution Mn content ranging from 0 to 3.1 at% were successfully prepared by high energy mechanical alloying at room temperature of an Al–8 at% Mn sample. The solubility level obtained is up to five times the equilibrium solubility limit of Mn in Al (from 0.62 at% Mn). In general, the observed microstructures are consistent with being a nanocomposite composed of an Al–Mn solid solution matrix with dispersed Mn particles. For alloys with solid solutions up to 3.1 at%, increasing the Mn content correlated with a decrease in the matrix grain size down to a minimum of 12 nm. High hardness values of ~4 GPa were obtained. The main strengthening mechanism of the Al–Mn alloys is attributed to the grain size reduction. Further attempts to increase the dissolved solute content resulted in the precipitation of the Al 6 Mn equilibrium intermetallic phase.
Care, Feeding, And Use Of Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Imagers At Palomar Observatory

The paper describes the optical, mechanical, and electronic properties of the TI and RCA CCDs which have been applied to two-dimensional photometry and spectroscopy at Palomar. The drive, processing, and recording techniques are also discussed, and consideration is given to a focal conversion optical system, the Prime Focus Universal Extragalactic Instrument (PFUEI), which is used to more optimally match the Hale 5 meter plate scale. Calibration and data analysis are also examined.
The studio with the team spirit

Charles Barr. Ealing Studios. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 1980. 198 pp. $19.95 cloth. $10.95 paper. George Perry. Forever Ealing: A Celebration of the Great Britain Film Studio. Merrimack Pub. Co., 1982. 200 pp. $17.95 cloth. David Wilson, ed. Projecting Britain: Ealing Studios Film Posters. London: The British Film Institute, 1982. 67 pp. $7.95 cloth.
Monitoring IGBT's health condition via junction temperature variations

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) failures are a major issue in modern power electronics applications. Two most dominated failure mechanisms of IGBTs are solder fatigue and bond wire wear-out. This paper proposes a new method to online monitor an IGBT's health condition by using the instantaneous junction temperature variation between present and the first operating cycles of the IGBT with the same operating current. In this work, the instantaneous junction temperature of an IGBT is estimated from a thermal network model. The proposed method is validated by experimental results obtained from accelerated aging tests for IGBTs.
New syndrome characterized by sparse hair, prominent nose, small mouth, micrognathia, cleft palate, crumpled upper helices, digit anomaly, and mild developmental delay.

A brother and a sister show very similar clinical features, including sparse hair in the first year of life, prominent nose, small mouth, micrognathia, high arched palate or cleft palate, crumpled upper helices, flexion limitation of the distal interphalangeal joint of the fingers, and mild developmental delay. Their clinical appearance suggests a premature aging phenotype, but is not really compatible with the hitherto known syndromes of that group. The mode of inheritance is likely autosomal recessive.
Zinc-finger nuclease-mediated gene correction using single AAV vector transduction and enhancement by Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs

An emerging strategy for the treatment of monogenic diseases uses genetic engineering to precisely correct the mutation(s) at the genome level. Recent advancements in this technology have demonstrated therapeutic levels of gene correction using a zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-induced DNA double-strand break in conjunction with an exogenous DNA donor substrate. This strategy requires efficient nucleic acid delivery and among viral vectors, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has demonstrated clinical success without pathology. However, a major limitation of rAAV is the small DNA packaging capacity and to date, the use of rAAV for ZFN gene delivery has yet to be reported. Theoretically, an ideal situation is to deliver both ZFNs and the repair substrate in a single vector to avoid inefficient gene targeting and unwanted mutagenesis, both complications of a rAAV co-transduction strategy. Therefore, a rAAV format was generated in which a single polypeptide encodes the ZFN monomers connected by a ribosome skipping 2A peptide and furin cleavage sequence. On the basis of this arrangement, a DNA repair substrate of 750 nucleotides was also included in this vector. Efficient polypeptide processing to discrete ZFNs is demonstrated, as well as the ability of this single vector format to stimulate efficient gene targeting in a human cell line and mouse model derived fibroblasts. Additionally, we increased rAAV-mediated gene correction up to sixfold using a combination of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, which act at the level of AAV vector transduction. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate the ability to deliver ZFNs and a repair substrate by a single AAV vector and offer insights for the optimization of rAAV-mediated gene correction using drug therapy.
Prostanoid Production in Rabbit Corpus Cavernosum. II. Inhibition of Oxidative Stress

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the effects of reoxygenation following hypoxia on prostanoid production in rabbit penile corpus cavernosum tissue (RCC) in organ culture.Materials and Methods: Strips of RCC were incubated in organ culture media under either 21 percent O2 (control, PO2 approximately 167 mm.Hg) or 0 percent O2 (hypoxia, PO2 approximately 27 mm.Hg) followed by a reoxygenationi period with 21 percent O2, in the presence or absence of exogenous arachidonate, Tiron or catalase. Prostanoids were measured in collected media by radioimmunoassay. Malondialdehyde levels were measured in RCC following exposure to either control or hypoxia-reoxygenation conditions.Results: Under hypoxic conditions, basal release of prostanoids (PGI2, PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and TXB2) was inhibited. Although this inhibition was reversible upon reoxygenation, the recovery was delayed, requiring at least 2 hours of exposure to 21 percent oxygen to reestablish prostanoid production. Reoxygenation also caused lipid peroxidation as...
Effects of selenite on estrogen receptor-alpha expression and activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

To determine whether selenite has estrogen-like activities, the effects of this compound on estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) and other estrogen-regulated genes were measured in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Treatment of cells with 1 uM of sodium selenite resulted in a 40% decrease in the amount of estrogen receptor-alpha and in a parallel decrease of 40% in ER-alpha mRNA. Progesterone receptor concentration increased 2.6-fold and pS2 mRNA increased 2.4-fold after selenite treatment. The induction of progesterone receptor and pS2 was blocked by the anti-estrogen ICI-182,780. In transient co-transfection experiments of Wild-type ER-alpha and an estrogen response element-reporter construct, selenite stimulated CAT activity. In binding assays, selenite blocked the binding of estradiol to ER-alpha (K(i) = 23 +/- 17 nM, n = 3) suggesting that this compound interacts with the hormone binding domain of the receptor. To determine whether interaction of selenite with the hormone binding domain results in receptor activation, COS-1 cells were transiently co-transfected with the chimeric receptors GAL-ER, which contains the hormone binding domain of ER-alpha and the DNA binding domain of the transcription factor GAL4, and a GAL4-responsive CAT reporter gene. Treatment of cells with estradiol or selenite resulted in a three- to five-fold increase in CAT activity. The effects of selenite on the chimeric receptor were blocked by the antiestrogen, suggesting that selenite activates ER-alpha through an interaction with the hormone binding domain of the receptor. Transfection assays with ER-alpha mutants identified C381, C447, H524, and N532 as interaction sites of selenite with the hormone binding domain.
Robust Design of an Aerodynamic Compensation Pitot-Static Tube for Supersonic Aircraft

local Cp gradient is small in the subsonic regime and is close to zero in the supersonic regime so that in practical application, this pitot-static tube would perform better than an ogival pitot-static tube. The proposed design can be used effectively to compensate for Cp position errors of up to 0:1 in the subsonic regime, by nondimensional stretching of the basic profile, while maintaining zero Cp in the supersonic regime. Computational fluid dynamics is usedinthedesignandanalysisoftheproposedpitot-statictube. ThecompleteMachnumberregime(Machlessthan two)hasbeencomputationallyanalyzedfordifferentprofilesresultingfromstretchingofthebasicprofile,tovalidate the proposed design’s capability. A design methodology is also presented in which a specific pitot-static tube profile canbeextractedfromthegeneralnondimensionalprofiletoaerodynamicallycompensateforaknownpositionerror in Cp.
INTERFERENCE WITH DETODINATION OF SOME THYROXINE ANALOGUES IN THE RAT

Triiodothyronine, its propionic acid analogue and D-thyroxine are rapidly deiodinatod l)y the rat. Propylthiouracil greatly reduced the rate of deiodination of these compounds and resulted in higher concentrations of PBI than were found in control animals whose thyroids were blocked by potassium perchlorate. The effectiveness of the thyronine derivatives to prevent goiter was influenced by an extrathyroidal effect of propylthiouracil.
Priorities for research in Emergency Medical Services for Children: results of a consensus conference. EMSC Research Agenda Consensus Committee, National EMSC Resource Alliance.

Abstract Study Objective The study objective was to arrive at a consensus on the priorities for future research in Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC). Methods A consensus group was convened using the Rand-UCLA Consensus Process. The group took part in a 3-phase process. Phase I involved reviewing a compendium of relevant research articles and answering a mailed questionnaire. Panel members were asked to prioritize topics based on the 1993 Institute of Medicine Report on Emergency Medical Services for Children. Participants were asked to rate each topic based on the significance of the research and whether the topic would (1) improve general knowledge, (2) change behavior, (3) improve health, (4) decrease the cost of care, or (5) change public policy. A 4-point Likert scale was used. They were also asked in the research would require a multicenter study and if the research were feasible. Round II of the study involved a meeting of the panel, where the results of Round I were discussed and the topics reprioritized. The topics were given a rank order and a final ranking was done in Round III. Results The panel considered a list of 32 topics and these were combined and reworded to give them more precise meaning. Several new topics were also added. Fifteen topics were given a rank order and placed within the 7 broad categories of the Institute of Medicine report. Clinical aspects of emergency care systems organization, configuration and operation and injury prevention were given high priority rankings. The first 5 topics were very close in point-rank order. Conclusion The panel was able to develop a list of important topics for future research in EMSC that can be used by foundations, governmental agencies, and others in setting a research agenda for EMSC. (J Emerg Nurs 1999;25:12-6)
Global existence and uniqueness of solutions of the time-dependent ginzburg-landau model for superconductivity

We consider the initial-boundary value problems of the timc-dependmt nodnear Ginzburg-Landau equations in superconductivity. It is assumed that the material sample occupies a bounded domain in two nd three dimensional spaces. LVe illustrate that the original equations are not well-posed. In order to fix the lack of niqueness of the solutions, possible choices of the gauge are identified. Global existence and uniqueness of solutions re proved in a proper gauge. A by-product is the convergence of finite-dimensional Galerkin approximations whichmay be used in the numerical study of superconductivity phenomena.
Escape acquisition following inescapable shock in the rat

Male rats which had received approximately 21 min of pulsed, inescapable tail shock during a 6-h session in a wheel-turn chamber were markedly deficient in acquisition of an FR 2 crossing escape response in a shuttlebox when first tested 22 or 70 h later (Experiments 1 and 2). Rats which had received identical amounts and patterns of escapable/avoidable shock, however, were not deficient (Experiment 1). Preventing wheel-turn responses during the inescapable shocks prevented the occurrence of the subsequent escape deficit, whereas reducing the feedback provided for the first crossing response of the FR 2 requirement enhanced the deficit (Experiment 3). These data can be best explained by the learned helplessness hypothesis and indicate that the types of responses available and made during the inescapable shocks are more important than previously indicated.
Objective quantification of spastic hypertonia: Correlation with clinical findings

To develop a reliable and objective technique for quantifying spastic hypertonia, ten chronically hemiplegic patients with varying degrees of spasticity were studied on three occasions during several weeks. The modified Ashworth scale, a clinical assessment of extremity tone, was performed before and after each of the following objective tests: (1) torque and EMG measurements during ramp and hold angular displacement about the elbow, (2) pendulum test of the lower extremity, and (3) H/M ratio studies of upper and lower extremities. Subject motor function was also quantified using the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale. A regression analysis was performed to determine how successfully each of the objective measures correlated with the clinical yardstick, the modified Ashworth scale. A similar correlation between the objective measures and the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale was performed. Temporal reproducibility of a test for a given subject was evaluated by performing an ANOVA of repeated measures for each test over the three study sessions in a given subject. We conclude that (1) both the ramp and hold threshold measurements and pendulum test offer acceptable objective measures of spastic hypertonia since they correlate closely with clinical perception, (2) the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale also correlates closely with the severity of spastic tone, and (3) objective measures of spastic hypertonia are often surprisingly reproducible when repeatedly applied to a selected group of chronic hemiplegic patients with long-standing spasticity.
Attitudinal and biographical predictors of incidental absenteeism

Abstract The purpose of this study was to predict two measures of incidental employee absenteeism (absenteeism with pay and without pay) via seven biographical and six attitudinal variables. One hundred ninety-five employees working in an accounting department served as the sample. The results from the multiple regression analyses yielded multiple correlations of .33 and .56 for paid and unpaid absences, respectively. However, upon cross-validation the multiple correlations shrunk to .13 and .31, respectively. The relatively large amount of shrinkage indicates that previous studies may have drawn some unwarranted conclusions regarding the predictability of absenteeism. The results indicated that paid absences were basically unpredictable, while unpaid absences could be predicted to some degree by certain variables consistently identified across several studies.
Ethnic Differences in Hormone Replacement Prescribing Patterns

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prescription patterns of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) differ in African-American, Asian, Latina, Soviet immigrant, and white women. DESIGN: Retrospective review of computerized medical records. SETTING: The general internal medicine, family medicine, and gynecology practices of an academic medical center. PATIENTS: Women aged 50 years or older with at least one outpatient visit from January 1, 1992, to November 30, 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Use of HRT was defined as documentation of systemic estrogen use. The main predictor variable was self-identified ethnicity. Age, diagnosis (coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, or breast cancer), and median income were included in the analysis. Of the 8,968 women (mean age, 65.4 years) included, 50% were white, 20% Asian, 15% African American, 9% Latina, and 6% Soviet immigrants. Whites (33%) were significantly more likely to be prescribed HRT than Asians (21%), African Americans (25%), Latinas (23%), or Soviet immigrants (6.6%), p<0.01 for each. Multivariate analysis, comparing ethnic groups and controlling for confounding variables, showed that Asians (odds ratio [OR] 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49, 0.64), African Americans (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.60, 0.81), Latinas (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.58, 0.84), and Soviet immigrants (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.10, 0.20) were each less likely to be prescribed HRT than were white women. Although women with osteoporosis were more likely to receive HRT (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.71, 2.99), those with coronary heart disease were not (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.68, 1.09). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians at this medical center were more likely to prescribe HRT for white women and women with osteoporosis. Further study is needed to address whether these differences in HRT prescribing result in different health outcomes.
Effect of prenatal malnutrition on release of monoamines from hippocampal slices.

Abstract The effect of prenatal protein malnutrition on release of monoamine neurotransmitters, their precursors and metabolites, from hippocampal slices was investigated in 15, 30, 90 and 220 days old male rats. The release of dopamine and its metabolites, tryptophan, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid from hippocampal slices of malnourished rats was greater than release from control slices at all ages studied. Malnutrition also significantly increased the release of normetanephrine but only in the 220 day age group. Potassium-induced depolarization increased release of tyrosine, normetanephrine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid lesss from slices of malnourished than from control rats. The release of norepinephrine, normetanephrine, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid increased significantly with age while the release of tyrosine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid decreased significantly with age. Age was also significantly associated with the effectiveness of potassium-induced depolarization in increasing release of tyrosine, norepinephrine, normetanephrine, tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
Contemporary Chinese Politics: An Introduction

*Romanization of Chinese Names of Persons and Places*Introduction: Historical and Cultural Perspectives*The Origin and Rise of the Chinese Communist Movement*From Military Communism to Deng's Reforms*The Erosion of Chinese Communist Ideology: Marxism-Leninism, Mao's Thought, Dengism, and the Thinking of Jiang Zemin*Political Institutions of the Party-State: Structural Issues and the Policy Process*Elites and the Cadre System: Leadership Style, Factionalism, Succession, and Recruitment*Reform for a Creditable Socialist Legal System*Provincial and Local Politics: Centralism versus Regionalism, National Minorities, and the Case of Tibet*Greater South China: Reversion of Hong Kong and Macao, and the Pearl River Delta Regional Development*The Military's Role in Chinese Politics*Democracy, Dissent, and the Tiananmen Mass Movement*The Politics of Modernization: Rural and Urban Economic Reforms*The Politics of Modernization: Education, Science and Technology, the Open Door Policy, and the Intellectuals*Appendix A: The Constitution of the People's Republic of China (1982)*Appendix B: The Constitution of the Communist Party of China (1982)*Appendix B-1: Revision of Some Articles of the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (1987)*Appendix B-2: Amendment to the CCP Constitution (September 1997)*Index
The effects of monoamines on tarantula skeletal muscle

Abstract 1. The effects of various monoamines (dopamine, epinephrine, octopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine) on the contractility of tarantula leg muscle were measured. 2. All monoamines resulted in increases in the apmlitude of nerve-evoked muscle contraction. 3. The presence of cAMP in tarantula muscle was confirmed and the concentration of cAMP found to increase with the application of monoamines. 4. Dibutyryl cAMP caused an increase in contraction amplitude similar to that observed with monoamines. 5. It is concluded that monoamines do affect muscle contractility in the tarantula. The possibility of additional modulatory mechanisms was not eliminated.
Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to early life stages of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)†

Laboratorys studies were conducted to determine the acute toxicity of three fire retardants (Fire-Trol GTS-R, Fire-Trol LCG-R, and Phos-Chek D75-F), and two fire-suppressant foams (Phos-Chek WD-881 and Ansul Silv-Ex) to early life stages of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in hard and soft water. Regardless of water type, swim-up fry and juveniles (60 and 90 d posthatch) exhibited similar sensitivities to each chemical and these life stages were more sensitive than eyed eggs. Foam suppressants were more toxic to each life stage than the fire retardants in both water types. The descending rank order of toxicity for these chemicals tested with swim-up fry and juveniles (range of 96-h median lethal concentrations [LC50s]) was Phos-Chek WD-881 (7–13 mg/L) > Ansul Silv-Ex (11–22 mg/L) > Phos-Chek D75-F (218–305 mg/L) > Fire-Trol GTS-R (218–412 mg/L) > Fire-Trol LCG-R (685–1,195 mg/L). Water type had a minor effect on the toxicity of these chemicals. Comparison of acute toxicity values with recommended application concentrations indicates that accidental inputs of these chemicals into stream environments would require substantial dilution (237- to 1,429-fold) to reach concentrations equivalent to their 96-h LC50s.
Retroesophageal abscess twenty-five days after esophagoscopy An unusual complication of endoscopy

A large retroesophageal abscess became apparent 25 days after esophagoscopy. Prominent anterior cervical vertebral osteophytes probably contributed to a crush injury of the upper esophagus. Complete recovery followed drainage of the abscess. Misadventure after endoscopy may appear late and without the expected symptoms.
But How DO Managers Make Decisions

One of the main things taught in business schools is managerial decision‐making. Often as a formal course of study, and always as an implication, students are taught that one of the main, if not major, responsibilities of a manager is to “guide the activities of the business”. Therefore, they are trained in reading the significance of events in the economic environment, and taught the intricacies of marketing, finance, production, and organising the work force. Much of this teaching presumes that the manager is a rational, cogent and calculating individual. He is taught that rules and theories govern business operations, and above all he is taught that he should use something called “scientific decision‐making”.
On communication-bounded synchronized alternating finite automata

We continue the study of communication-bounded synchronized alternating finite automata (SAFA), first considered by Hromkovia? et al. We show that to accept a nonregular language, an SAFA needs to generate at least Ω(log logn) communication symbols infinitely often; furthermore, a synchronized alternating finite automaton without nondeterminism (SUFA) needs to generate at leastΩ(log logn) communication symbols infinitely often for some constantk?1. We also show that these bounds are tight. Next, we establish dense hierarchies of these machines on the function bounding the number of communication symbols. Finally, we give a characterization of NP in terms of communication-bounded multihead synchronized alternating finite automata, namely, NP = ? k?1 L(SAFA(k-heads,n k -com)). This result recasts the relationships between P, NP, and PSPACE in terms of multihead synchronized alternating finite automata.
Factors related to self-sufficiency in a distressed public housing community

This article examines factors related to family economic self-sufficiency in a distressed and geographically isolated public housing community. Using data from a survey of over 400 households livin...
What is the utility of the Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) exam in penetrating torso trauma

Abstract Study objective A recent Cochrane Review has demonstrated that emergency ultrasonography decreases the amount of computerised tomographic scans in blunt abdominal trauma. 13 However, there is no systematic review that has evaluated the utility of the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) exam in penetrating torso trauma. We systematically reviewed the medical literature for the utility of the FAST exam to detect free intraperitoneal blood after penetrating torso trauma. Methods We searched PUBMED and EMBASE databases for randomised controlled trials from 1965 through December 2009 using a search strategy derived from the following PICO formulation of our clinical question: Patients: patients (12+ years) sustaining penetrating trauma to the torso. Intervention: FAST exam during their initial trauma workup. Comparator: either local wound exploration (LWE), computerised tomography (CT), diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL), or laparotomy. Outcome: intraperitoneal and pericardial free fluid. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. Qualitative methods were used to summarise the study results. Analysis Sensitivities and specificities were compared using a Forest Plot (95% CI) calculated by Revman 5 (Review Manager Version 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008) between the FAST exam and definitive diagnostic modalities such as LWE, CT, DPL, or laporotomy. Results We identified eight observational studies (n = 565 patients) that met our selection criteria. The prevalence of a positive FAST exam after penetrating trauma was fairly low ranging from 24.2% to 56.3%. The FAST exam for penetrating trauma is a highly specific (94.1–100.0%), but not very sensitive (28.1–100%) diagnostic modality. Conclusion From the review of the literature, a positive FAST exam has a high incidence of intraabdominal injury and should prompt an exploratory laparotomy. However, a negative initial FAST exam after penetrating trauma should prompt further diagnostic studies such as LWE, CT, DPL, or laparotomy.
Structure-activity relationships in the effects of 1-alkylimidazoles on microsomal oxidation in vitro and in vivo

The inhibitory activity of a series of 13 1-alkylimidazoles toward microsomal epoxidation of aldrin in enzyme preparations from rat liver and armyworm (Prodenia eridania) gut is optimal in compounds with a chain length of 8–10 carbon atoms. The capacity of the imidazoles to bind to cytochrome P-450 (type II) appears to be closely related to their inhibitory activity. The activity of the compounds in vivo in synergizing the toxicity of carbaryl to houseflies and potentiating pentobarbital sleeping time in mice closely parallels the data in vitro. Regression analyses clearly establish that both activity patterns in vitro and in vivo can be satisfactorily described by linear equations in terms of the hydrophobic bonding constant (π and π2) indicating a close correlation between biological activity and lipophilic character.
The sustainability of resources used by Native Americans on four Caribbean islands

Changes in the subsistence economies during the 2000-year colonization of the Leeward and Virgin islands are discussed. The colonists migrated from northern South America with traditions for producing ceramics, engaging in horticulture, fishing, gathering, and managing captive animals. Based on analysis of pairs of faunal samples from four islands, I am able to show some consistent changes in the relative abundances of some species, the sizes of individual animals, and the mean trophic levels of the aquatic components of the faunas. The changes that take place through time are: decline in the relative abundance of land crabs; a relative increase in the abundance of molluscs; decline in the mean trophic level of reef fishes; a subsequent increase or decrease in the mean trophic level of inshore and pelagic fishes. In those sites where the mean trophic level of inshore and pelagic fishes occurs it is dominated by tuna and other large predators, increased dependence upon herrings and other small fishes reduced the mean trophic level. These changes accompanied a human population increase and intensification of the horticultural enterprise. The root cause of many of these changes is overexploitation. Compensation for the decline in some resources is accomplished through changes in fishing technology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Life-History Studies of Nearctic and Palearctic Populations of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Life-history characteristics of four populations of Coccinella septempunctata L. were quantified and compared at 26°C and 18 :6 (L :D) h on a diet of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Populations were from two locations in the United States (Iowa and Delaware) and two locations in Eurasia (France and Ukraine/Moldavia/Crimea). Large intrapopulation variation was observed in preoviposition, interoviposition, and number of days on which eggs were laid. This variation was a result of 10-35% of females entering diapause, whereas most females initiated oviposition within 12 d of eclosion and continued egg laying with interoviposition periods of <6 d. No significant differences among the four populations were detected in preoviposition, interoviposition, or number of days on which eggs were laid. In addition, preimaginal development time, sex ratio, and life table parameters, including intrinsic rates of increase and fecundity, did not differ significantly among the four populations. On the basis of the parameters measured, we conclude that these four populations of C. septempunctata have not undergone local adaptation that would define these populations on the basis of geographical origin.
Of witches, madmen, and products liability: An historical survey of the use of expert testimony

The United States Supreme Court's recent decision in Daubert v. Mewell Dour Pharmaceutical Inc. has focused attention on judicial treatment of expert testimony. A survey of the development of the forensic use of such testimony helps to explain the salient characteristics of modem American practice. The survey, in the context of medical experts, discloses a several centuries long trend toward an adversarial approach that places selection, preparation, and presentation of expert witness testimony ever more completely in the hands of the litigants. This trend has been challenged since at least the 1800s by those desiring an inquisitorial alternative featuring court's witnesses or neutral panels of experts. These proposals have generally been rejected. Daubert represents a modest step in the direction of greater judicial control of the presentation of expert evidence but raises questions about the evenhandedness of heightened judicial scrutiny of proffered expert testimony. Language: en
Scalable Speculative Parallelization on Commodity Clusters

While clusters of commodity servers and switches are the most popular form of large-scale parallel computers, many programs are not easily parallelized for execution upon them. In particular, high inter-node communication cost and lack of globally shared memory appear to make clusters suitable only for server applications with abundant task-level parallelism and scientific applications with regular and independent units of work. Clever use of pipeline parallelism (DSWP), thread-level speculation (TLS), and speculative pipeline parallelism (Spec-DSWP) can mitigate the costs of inter-thread communication on shared memory multicore machines. This paper presents Distributed Software Multi-threaded Transactional memory (DSMTX), a runtime system which makes these techniques applicable to non-shared memory clusters, allowing them to efficiently address inter-node communication costs. Initial results suggest that DSMTX enables efficient cluster execution of a wider set of application types. For 11 sequential C programs parallelized for a 4-core 32-node (128 total core) cluster without shared memory, DSMTX achieves a geomean speedup of 49x. This compares favorably to the 15x speedup achieved by our implementation of TLS-only support for clusters.
Comment on "Technical Note: On the Matt-Shuttleworth approach to estimate crop water requirements" by Lhomme et al. (2014)

It is clear from Lhomme et al. (2014) that aspects of the explanation of the Matt–Shuttleworth approach can generate confusion. Presumably this is because the description in Shuttleworth (2006) was not sufficiently explicit and simple. This paper explains the logic behind the Matt–Shuttleworth approach clearly, simply and concisely. It shows how the Matt–Shuttleworth can be implemented using a few simple equations and provides access to ancillary calculation resources that can be used for such implementation. If the crop water requirement community decided that it is preferable to use the Penman–Monteith equation to estimate crop water requirements directly for all crops, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization could now update Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56 using the Matt–Shuttleworth approach by deriving tabulated values of surface resistance from Table 12 of Allen et al. (1998), with the estimation of crop evaporation then being directly made in a one-step calculation using an equation similar to that already recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization for calculating reference crop evaporation.
Acute hyperglycemia depresses arteriolar NO formation in skeletal muscle.

In the rat intestinal and cerebral microvasculatures, acute d-glucose hyperglycemia suppresses endothelium-dependent dilation to ACh without affecting endothelium-independent dilation to nitropruss...
Cycle Time Approximations for the G/G/m Queue Subject to Server Failures and Cycle Time Offsets with Applications

Approximate queueing formulae are often employed for the practical evaluation of manufacturing system performance. Common approximations do not fully address practical issues such as idle tools with work in queue, travel time between stages of production, removal of lots from queue pending process issue resolution and the tendency of lots to defect from a failed server in favor of an equivalent available server. In this paper, approximate queueing formulae are proposed which extend popular existing formulae. To test the quality of the proposed approximations, data from production toolsets in IBM's 200mm semiconductor manufacturing fabricator is considered. It is demonstrated that the approximations perform well on the toolsets studied
Hemolysis: a harbinger of adverse outcome after left ventricular assist device implant.

Background The clinical relevance of elevated serum markers of hemolysis during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support has not been fully ascertained. Methods Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum free hemoglobin (sfHg) values were tallied monthly in 182 patients on HeartMate II (Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA) LVAD support. Peak values for each marker were identified, and 2 hemolysis definitions were applied to the cohort: Hemolysis according to Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) criteria (sfHg > 40 mg/dl with signs/symptoms) and/or hemolysis defined by an LDH ≥ 600 IU/liter (2.5-times the upper limit of laboratory normal). Kaplan-Meier survival free from death, urgent United Network of Organ Sharing 1A transplant for thrombosis, device exchange for thrombosis, and stroke/peripheral embolism was estimated, and Cox hazard ratios (HR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for predicting 1-year event-free survival were calculated. Results Hemolysis occurred in 32 patients (18%) by INTERMACS criteria and in 68 (37%) patients by LDH criteria. Over a median (25 th , 75 th ) support of 427 days (245, 793 days), there were 78 events. One year event-free survival after the onset of INTERMACS-defined hemolysis was 16% ± 8.3% compared with 85% ± 3.2% in non-hemolyzers (HR, 14.7; 95% CI, 7.9–27; AUC 0.70 ± 0.05; p p Conclusions Serum hemolysis marker elevations are associated with increased events in LVAD patients. LDH monitoring provides an earlier diagnosis of adverse events than sfHg, supporting need for a new INTERMACS definition of VAD-associated hemolysis.
Oil prices and long-run risk

I show that relative levels of aggregate consumption and personal oil consumption provide an excellent proxy for oil prices, and that high oil prices predict low future aggregate consumption growth. Motivated by these facts, I add an oil consumption good to the long-run risk model of Bansal and Yaron [2004] to study the asset pricing implications of observed changes in the dynamic interaction of consumption and oil prices. In the model, oil prices are implied by the agent’s rst order condition, and expected consumption growth is driven by two distinct factors: the oil price and a separate predictable component of growth. Empirically I observe that, over the rst half of my 1987 - 2010 sample, increases in these factors predict high future oil consumption growth. More recently, I observe that expected oil consumption growth has no response to either factor. The model predicts that this change in consumption dynamics implies changes in risk which generate a hump shaped term structure of oil futures, consistent with recent data. Additionally, the model predicts a change in the conditional relation of aggregate consumption volatility, oil price volatility, and the term structure of oil futures. I also nd evidence for this in the data. Finally, the model implies that the change in the dynamics of oil consumption implies increased systematic risk from oil price shocks, but reduces the risk from shocks to expected consumption growth. The combined eect is to reduce overall consumption risk and lower the equity premium.
Predoctoral Dental Implant Education at Creighton University School of Dentistry

The purpose of this report is to describe the dental implant education that predoctoral students receive and to characterize the patient population receiving implants at Creighton University School of Dentistry (CDS). CDS has no postdoctoral residency programs. Therefore, clinical management of diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical aspects, restoration, complications, and maintenance of dental implants requires significant involvement by predoctoral dental students. CDS implant education involves radiology diagnostic assets of the General Dentistry Department (including the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography), as well as faculty and equipment from the Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Periodontics, and Prosthodontics, with a majority of students satisfied with their didactic preparation for their clinical experiences. Focusing on a three-year window from August 2007 to August 2010 and using electronic health records, this study found that a total of 242 implants were placed, out of which six failed within one year of placement and had to be removed. The average age of the population of 153 patients was found to be 53.3 years, with a range of eighteen to eighty-nine. Treatment outcomes compared very favorably with those published in the literature.
Long-term methionine-diet induced mild hyperhomocysteinemia associated cardiac metabolic dysfunction in multiparous rats

Mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, clinically defined as less than 30 lmol/L) is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, and is associated with many complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia (PE). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term mild HHcy on cardiac metabolic function of multiparous rats. Female rats were mated 3 to 4 times and were fed with methionine in drinking water to increase plasma Hcy (2.9 0.3 to 10.5 2.3 lmol/L) until termination. This caused significant increase of heart weight/body weight (0.24 0.01 to 0.27 0.01 g/100 g) and left ventricle weight (0.69 0.03 to 0.78 0.01 g). Superoxide production was increased by 2.5-fold in HHcy hearts using lucigenin chemiluminescence. The ability of bradykinin and carbachol to regulate myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) in vitro was impaired by 59% and 66% in HHcy heart, and it was restored by ascorbic acid (AA), tempol, or apocynin (Apo). Protein expression of p22 phox subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase was increased by 2.6-fold, but there were no changes in other NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, NOSs or SODs. Microarray revealed 1518 genes to be differentially regulated (P < 0.05). The mRNA level of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, NOSs or SODs remained unchanged. In conclusion, long-term mild HHcy increases cardiac superoxide mainly through regulation of p22 phox component of the NAD(P)H