cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social network aware routing and prefetching on dual-mode wireless networks

The future wireless mobile devices considered in this paper incorporate three key features: (1) Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) radios, (2) short-range high-data-rate Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) radios, and (3) large (>100GB) amounts of on-board cache. Approaches for finding and exploiting knowledge of Social Networks to decrease spectrum congestion and network latency in networks employing such dual-mode wireless mobile devices, including special policies for users such as emergency responders, are presented. Example scenarios indicate that significant improvements in overall quality of service quality can be achieved when wireless network service providers exploit knowledge of social networks to guide on-device caching on such networks. Analyses based on realistic scenarios indicate that the proposed approach has the potential to (1) avoid blocking of key users during an emergency, (2) decrease average wireless network latency by up to 5X, and (3) decrease spectrum congestion by up to 1.3X.
Differential localization of ATM is correlated with activation of distinct downstream signaling pathways

ATM, the gene mutated in the genetic disease ataxia telangiectasia (AT), is a well-known protein involved in the DNA double-strand break response, where it plays an important role in sensing damage and signaling to DNA repair machinery and cell cycle checkpoints. However, a number of recent papers, including ours have found that ATM also plays important roles outside of the nucleus, which may explain some of the phenotypic features seen in AT patients. Our research into mechanisms of TSC2 regulation helped uncover a pathway upstream of TSC2 that is regulated by cytoplasmic ATM in response to ROS initiated by ATM activation of LKB1 and AMPK. We found that TSC2 activation results in mTORC1 repression and subsequent induction of autophagy. Elucidation of this stress response pathway provides a molecular mechanism for ATM signaling in the cytoplasm and lays the groundwork for further studies on how ATM activity is regulated beyond DNA damage in different cellular compartments.
Customizable embedded processor architectures

In this paper, we present a framework for dynamic application customization for high-performance and low-power embedded processors. The proposed architecture is capable of utilizing application information to boost the performance and lower the power consumption of the most important microarchitectural components such as instruction/data caches and the memory subsystem. We present a design framework, including CAD support infrastructure and reprogrammable hardware support, for a dynamically customizable microarchitecture. We outline the underlying algorithms for compile-time extraction of the utilized application properties and we present the architectural principles of the hardware support. Extensive experimental results confirm the efficacy of this novel embedded processor architecture.
Physics-based segmentation: moving beyond color

We previously presented a framework for segmentation of complex scenes using multiple physical hypotheses for simple image regions. A consequence of that framework was a proposal for a new approach to the segmentation of complex scenes into regions corresponding to coherent surfaces rather than merely regions of similar color. Herein we present an implementation of this new approach and show example segmentations for scenes containing multi-colored piece-wise uniform objects. Using our approach we are able to intelligently segment scenes with objects of greater complexity than previous physics-based segmentation algorithms. The results show that by using general physical models we obtain segmentations that correspond more closely to coherent surfaces in the scene than segmentations found using only color.
Extracting Spatio-Temporal Information from Inertial Body Sensor Networks for Gait Speed Estimation

The fidelity of many inertial Body Sensor Network (BSN) applications depends on accurate spatio-temporal information retrieved from body-worn devices. However, there are many challenges caused by inherent sensor errors in inertial BSNs and the uncertainty of dynamic human motion in various situations, such as integration drift and mounting error. Spatial information is especially difficult to extract from inertial data. This paper presents practical methods to minimize errors caused by these challenges within the context of a case study -- gait speed estimation -- where both temporal and spatial information are crucial for accuracy. These methods include a practical calibration procedure for correcting mounting error in order to obtain more accurate spatial information and a refined human gait model for more accurate temporal information.
Análisis de niveles múltiples: una herramienta eficaz para realizar estudios sobre factores asociados en Educación y Ciencias Sociales

En los estudios socioeducativos con frecuencia surgen inquietudes metodologicas en terminos de como investigar las relaciones entre los individuos y la sociedad. Esto se debe a que los individuos interactuan con el contexto social al cual pertenecen y como resultado se ven influidos por el medio en que viven. Los individuos y los diversos grupos sociales a que pertenecen se encuentran agrupados en un sistema jerarquico definido y separado por niveles
An evaluation of quantity conservation performance during old age.

Forty eight subjects ranging in age from 64 to 85 years were administered Piagetian conservation of substance, weight, and volume tasks. Quantity conservation abilities were not intact from many su...
Calcification of hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage in vitro following inactivation of phosphatase and other enzymes.

Conclusions1. Calcification of hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage in vitro is intrinsically non-enzymatic. 2. The phosphorylase and phosphaase systems in hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage may have supplementary roles in the calcification mechanism, but they are not essential to the localized deposition of bone mineral.
Is Access to and Use of Patient Perceived Patient-Centered Medical Homes Associated With Reduced Nonurgent Emergency Department Use?

This study examined whether access to and use of patient-centered medical home (PCMH) practices is associated with reduced nonurgent emergency department (ED) use, especially among the uninsured po...
Wheel running improves REM sleep and attenuates stress-induced flattening of diurnal rhythms in F344 rats

AbstractRegular physical activity produces resistance to the negative health consequences of stressor exposure. One way that exercise may confer stress resistance is by reducing the impact of stress on diurnal rhythms and sleep; disruptions of which contribute to stress-related disease including mood disorders. Given the link between diurnal rhythm disruptions and stress-related disorders and that exercise both promotes stress resistance and is a powerful non-photic biological entrainment cue, we tested if wheel running could reduce stress-induced disruptions of sleep/wake behavior and diurnal rhythms. Adult, male F344 rats with or without access to running wheels were instrumented for biotelemetric recording of diurnal rhythms of locomotor activity, heart rate, core body temperature (CBT), and sleep (i.e. REM, NREM, and WAKE) in the presence of a 12 h light/dark cycle. Following 6 weeks of sedentary or exercise conditions, rats were exposed to an acute stressor known to disrupt diurnal rhythms and produc...
Lack of sensitivity of indium-111 mixed leukocyte scans for active disease in Takayasu's arteritis.

Objective. Currently, a reliable, noninvasive means of detecting the active vasculitic lesions of Takayasu's arteritis does not exist. Based on the cellular infiltrates seen in active lesions, we postulated that indium-111 labelled mixed leukocytes could be used to scintigraphically detect sites of active vasculitis. Methods. Fifteen In-111 mixed leukocyte scans were performed in 10 patients with Takayasu's arteritis and correlated with clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. Patients had either active, stable/smoldering, or inactive disease at the time when 8, 4, and 3 scans were performed, respectively. Results. Two of the 8 scans performed in patients with active disease were positive for increased vessel uptake (sensitivity =25%). All other scans were interpreted as negative for active arteritis. Conclusion. We conclude that In-111 mixed leukocyte scans have a low sensitivity for detection of active Takayasu's arteritis
In vitro myocardial performance after lethal and nonlethal doses of endotoxin.

The present study was initiated to determine whether the myocardial effects of an in vivo injection of endotoxin into rats were correlated with the dose and thus the lethality of the endotoxin administered. All animals in this study were used 4 h after a bolus injection of 1,000, 100, 10, or 1 microgram/100 g body wt of Escherichia coli endotoxin. At this time, mean arterial blood pressure had returned to control levels but cardiac output was still depressed at the three higher doses as previously reported [Am. J. Physiol. 248 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 17): R471-R478, 1985]. Intrinsic function of the myocardium was assessed using the isolated perfused working heart preparation. Cardiac output and pressure development were measured at varying preloads and at two levels of aortic outflow resistance. In vitro approaches were chosen for this study to eliminate peripheral vascular changes and humoral or neural alterations that might influence myocardial performance in vivo. Results indicate that coronary vascular resistance was increased in all hearts from endotoxin-treated animals compared with controls. In addition, myocardial performance was impaired at several doses of endotoxin, and the degree of dysfunction was dependent on the dose of endotoxin administered. Dysfunction, i.e., a depression in cardiac output times peak systolic pressure, was evident at the two higher doses in which there was 50 and 10% lethality by 24 h and also in the lower dose of 10 micrograms/100 g, which was nonlethal. Cardiac output appeared to be very sensitive to the consequences of endotoxin administration. Defects in myocardial performance could be revealed by increasing preload or afterload stress on the hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The deviated nose.

Trauma is the cause of most nasal deviation. Birth canal injuries result in many dislocations or fractures of the cartilages of the nose. These may go unnoticed until puberty when the minimal deformity of childhood develops into a significant internal and external defect in the fully matured face and nose.
Assessing the potential to decrease the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone with Midwest US perennial cellulosic feedstock production

The goal of this research is to determine the changes in streamflow, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) leaching and export to the Gulf of Mexico associated with a range of large-scale dedicated perennial cellulosic bioenergy production scenarios within in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). To achieve this goal, we used Agro-IBIS, a vegetation model capable of simulating the biogeochemistry of row crops, miscanthus and switchgrass, coupled with THMB, a hydrology model capable of simulating streamflow and DIN export. Simulations were conducted at varying fertilizer application rates (0 to 200 kg N ha−1) and fractional replacement (5 to 25%) of current row crops with miscanthus or switchgrass across the MARB. The analysis also includes two scenarios where miscanthus and switchgrass (MRX and MRS respectively) each replace the ca. 40% of maize production currently devoted to ethanol. Across the scenarios, there were minor reductions in runoff and streamflow throughout the MARB, with the largest differences (ca. 6%) occurring for miscanthus at the highest fractional replacement scenarios in drier portions of the region. However, differences in total MARB discharge at the basin outlet were less than 1.5% even in the MRX scenario. Reductions in DIN export were much larger on a percentage basis than reductions in runoff, with the highest replacement scenarios decreasing long-term mean DIN export by ca. 15 and 20% for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. Fertilization scenarios show that significant reductions in DIN leaching are possible even with application rates of 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 for switchgrass and miscanthus respectively. These results indicate that, given targeted management strategies, there is potential for miscanthus and switchgrass to provide key ecosystem services by reducing the export of DIN, while avoiding hydrologic impacts of reduced streamflow. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Longitudinal Study in Children With Sequential Bilateral Cochlear Implants: Time Course for the Second Implanted Ear and Bilateral Performance

Purpose Whether, and if so when, a second-ear cochlear implant should be provided to older, unilaterally implanted children is an ongoing clinical question. This study evaluated rate of speech reco...
Neural evidence for phonologically based language production deficits in older adults: An fMRI investigation of age-related differences in picture-word interference

Introduction Older adults often show declines in phonological aspects of language production, particularly for low-frequency words, but maintain strong semantic systems. However, there are different theories about the mechanism that may underlie such age-related differences in language (e.g., age-related declines in transmission of activation or inhibition). Methods This study used fMRI to investigate whether age-related differences in language production are associated with transmission deficits or inhibition deficits. We used the picture-word interference paradigm to examine age-related differences in picture naming as a function of both target frequency and the relationship between the target picture and distractor word. Results We found that the presence of a categorically related distractor led to greater semantic elaboration by older adults compared to younger adults, as evidenced by older adults’ increased recruitment of regions including the left middle frontal gyrus and bilateral precuneus. When presented with a phonologically related distractor, patterns of neural activation are consistent with previously observed age deficits in phonological processing, including age-related reductions in the recruitment of regions such as the left middle temporal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus. Lastly, older, but not younger, adults show increased brain activation of the pre- and postcentral gyri as a function of decreasing target frequency when target pictures are paired with a phonological distractor, suggesting that cuing the phonology of the target disproportionately aids production of low-frequency items. Conclusions Overall, this pattern of results is generally consistent with the transmission deficit hypothesis, illustrating that links within the phonological system, but not the semantic system, are weakened with age.
Physico-electrochemical Characterization of Pluripotent Stem Cells during Self-Renewal or Differentiation by a Multi-modal Monitoring System

Monitoring pluripotent stem cell behaviors (self-renewal and differentiation to specific lineages/phenotypes) is critical for a fundamental understanding of stem cell biology and their translational applications. In this study, a multi-modal stem cell monitoring system was developed to quantitatively characterize physico-electrochemical changes of the cells in real time, in relation to cellular activities during self-renewal or lineage-specific differentiation, in a non-destructive, label-free manner. The system was validated by measuring physical (mass) and electrochemical (impedance) changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells undergoing self-renewal, or subjected to mesendodermal or ectodermal differentiation, and correlating them to morphological (size, shape) and biochemical changes (gene/protein expression). An equivalent circuit model was used to further dissect the electrochemical (resistive and capacitive) contributions of distinctive cellular features. Overall, the combination of the physico-electrochemical measurements and electrical circuit modeling collectively offers a means to longitudinally quantify the states of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
You Shoot Like a Girl: Stereotype Threat and Marksmanship Performance

The 2013 Pentagon announcement to lift the combat exclusion rule for American servicewomen ushered in much debate about women's performance in the domain of war. Gender role stereotypes were launched by critics of the announcement, implying that women's military performance is limited by virtue of their being fema le. Women's underperformance is likely not based on their inferior skill set, but by societal expectations regarding gender roles. The impact of stereotype threat (ST), or the concern that an individual may be at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one's own group, is examined in the United States Marine Corps (USMC) domain. Female Marines may be at risk of underperforming in demanding examinations. An on-site experiment reveals the extent to which ST affects the performance of female Marines in marksmanship qualifications on the M16 service rifle. Results indicate that the most competent female marksmen (expert shooters) are vulnerable to ST.
Human Performance Variability in Task Execution Times Under Generic Human-System Integration Conditions in Naval Operations

This main objective of this paper was to assess and model variability of task performance relevant to human-systems integration efforts in naval ship operations, including the estimation of task execution times under generic task conditions. A method was developed for quantifying and modeling human operator execution times in selected naval ship operations. The proposed method is based on time contributions for each task component with due consideration of three core task performance elements: skills, knowledge and task requirements. The experimental analysis utilized a hybrid approach based on linear regression, weighted scoring method and artificial neural networks. The proposed modeling approach demonstrates promising results for developing a realistic solution for assessment of task performance times relevant to training requirements and total ownership cost for competing technology upgrades, with emphasis on maintaining manpower readiness and mitigating possible performance degradation due to unforeseen mission conditions.
Belonging as a Corporate Ideal: Nathaniel A. Owings of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill writes The Spaces in Between (1973)

A study of the autobiography of the American architect Nathaniel A. Owings (1903–1984), founder of the architectural firm Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM). In The Spaces in Between: An Architect’s Journey (Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1973) Owings recounts his life from his youth in Indianapolis, Indiana to the foundation of the firm that bears his name in 1936, to the development and expansion of that firm and its role in the construction of large and important post-war buildings (Lever House, New York, 1952; John Hancock Center, Chicago, 1967) and many others. Using a manuscript copy of the text in the Library of Congress, Washington, the article shows Owings’ tortuous experience writing the book. Letters exchanged with the editor, Ruth Hapgood and others are analyzed. A comparison between manuscript and printed version of the book reveals significant differences that probably result from the intervention of SOM’s lawyer, Gross Sampsell. The story Owings wanted to tell was racier and would have been more interesting to readers; the book he published was a compromise, designed to avoid law suits and maintain good relations with colleagues at SOM. Keeping his relation with his colleagues was, in the end, more important to Owings than a spicy narrative.
Characteristics of Steroid-Protein Interactions

If we consider, from the general viewpoint of ligand-protein interaction, which properties of a steroid molecule* have particular relevance to its interaction with a protein, three characteristics appear to be important: 1) electrostatic charge, if any; 2) “polarity”, i.e., number of polar substituents; 3) stereochemical configuration.
Equivalent effects of bandwidth and trill rate: support for a performance constraint as a competitive signal

Sexual signals that are physically limited can be reliable indicators of quality or motivation in male–male competition. One such example of a motor constraint in birds is the production of repeated notes, which are limited in the frequency bandwidth and trill rate at which notes can be produced, such that it is difficult to produce wide-bandwidth notes at fast rates. How well birds maximize frequency bandwidth and trill rate is one measure of vocal performance, commonly referred to as ‘vocal deviation’. In theory, fast songs with narrow bandwidths and slow songs with wide bandwidths should have similar values of vocal deviation. In many species, males respond to variation in vocal deviation, supporting the notion that it is a sexually selected signal. However, most studies test only one of these components, either trill rate or bandwidth, rather than both individually, when testing receiver response to vocal deviation. Therefore, a question remains as to whether songs with equivalent values of vocal deviation (e.g. fast songs with narrow bandwidths and slow songs with wide bandwidths) elicit similar levels of response from receivers. We tested whether receivers respond specifically to the trade-off between trill rate and bandwidth (i.e. vocal deviation) or only to variation in one of the component parts. Using territorial playback experiments with wild male white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys, we found that males approached high-performance songs (fast trill, wide bandwidth) more closely than they did lower-performance songs (fast trill, narrow bandwidth; slow trill, wide bandwidth) and they did so regardless of whether performance varied because of differences in trill rate or bandwidth. Furthermore, we found that males gave similar responses to songs of similar vocal deviation. Our results empirically support the hypothesis that receivers respond specifically to the physical limitation on the production of repeated notes.
Design Considerations for Educational Mobile Apps for Young Children

Mobile touchscreens are widely recognized as accessible educational tools to enhance the cognitive and intellectual development of children as young as two. Early-childhood educators readily integr...
Tratamento da Gota na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Objective: The objective of this review is to provide updated information and practical guidelines on the approach of gout in Primary Health Care. Methods: We conducted a survey of clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and original studies published between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016 in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. Results: First-line drugs in the treatment of acute gout are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine and corticosteroids, in monotherapy or combination. In chronic gout, the first-line of hypouricemic therapy is allopurinol. Febuxostat and uricosurics are alternatives to allopurinol in cases of intolerance or ineffectiveness. The prophylaxis of acute attacks is recommended when starting hypouricemic treatment for at least 6 months. Treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia is not recommended. Conclusion: The correct approach to gout should be part of the skills of a Primary Care physician in order to provide adequate care to the community.
Antisense Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B With IONIS-PTP-1B Rx Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Reduces Weight in Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and efficacy of IONIS-PTP-1B Rx , a second-generation 2′- O -methoxyethyl antisense inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, as add-on therapy in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, overweight and obese patients (BMI ≥27 kg/m 2 ) with type 2 diabetes (HbA 1c ≥7.5% [58 mmol/mol] and ≤10.5% [91 mmol/mol]) on a stable dose of metformin alone or with sulfonylurea were randomized 2:1 to IONIS-PTP-1B Rx 200 mg ( n = 62) or placebo ( n = 30) once weekly for 26 weeks. RESULTS Mean baseline HbA 1c was 8.6% (70 mmol/mol) and 8.7% (72 mmol/mol) in placebo and active treatment, respectively. At week 27, IONIS-PTP-1B Rx reduced mean HbA 1c levels by −0.44% (−4.8 mmol/mol; P = 0.074) from baseline and improved leptin (−4.4 ng/mL; P = 0.007) and adiponectin (0.99 μg/mL; P = 0.026) levels compared with placebo. By week 36, mean HbA 1c was significantly reduced (−0.69% [−7.5 mmol/mol]; P = 0.034) and accompanied by reductions in fructosamine (−33.2 μmol/L; P = 0.005) and glycated albumin (−1.6%; P = 0.031) versus placebo. Despite both treatment groups receiving similar lifestyle counseling, mean body weight significantly decreased from baseline to week 27 with IONIS-PTP-1B Rx versus placebo (−2.6 kg; P = 0.002) independent of HbA 1c reduction ( R 2 = 0.0020). No safety concerns were identified in the study. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, IONIS-PTP-1B Rx treatment for 26 weeks produced prolonged reductions in HbA 1c , improved medium-term glycemic parameters, reduced leptin and increased adiponectin levels, and resulted in a distinct body weight–reducing effect.
Psychopathic Traits and Recurring Victimization: An Examination Using a Community and Clinical Sample:

Few studies have identified specific characteristics of recurrent victims that distinguish them from single victims. One such characteristic that may do so is possessing psychopathic traits, given that persons with psychopathic traits are generally risk-seeking, callous, short-tempered, and lack behavioral controls. To examine this possibility, we use data from both the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study (MacRisk). We find that in both samples, psychopathic traits are able to distinguish between nonvictims and recurring victims as well as single-wave victims and recurring victims. This finding holds great promise for identifying who may be at risk of experiencing recurring victimization, ways to reduce victimization risk, as well as potential additional avenues for research in this area.
Peripheral primitive neuroendocrine tumor of the chest wall-A case report with pathological correlation.

Abstract Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a high-grade malignant tumor originating from the neural crest and neuroectoderm, which can be subdivided into central and peripheral categories. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor is thought to be identical to Ewing's sarcoma, and falls under a broader category of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Very rarely, it may present without osseous involvement, known as extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma. Here we present a case of a 38-year-old woman, who presented with several-month history of a slow-growing chest wall mass, initially thought to be a breast mass. The mass was diagnosed as extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma upon tissue biopsy. The patient was started on a dose-intensified neoadjuvant therapy, based on protocol from pediatric population given rarity of this tumor in the adult population. While the patient was initially planned for surgical resection, the tumor showed excellent response to chemotherapy on follow-up imaging, and radiation therapy was elected in lieu of resection.
Monitoring Interest in Herpes Zoster Vaccination: Analysis of Google Search Data.

Background: A new recombinant subunit vaccine for herpes zoster (HZ or shingles) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration on October 20, 2017 and is expected to replace the previous live attenuated vaccine. There have been low coverage rates with the live attenuated vaccine (Zostavax), ranging from 12-32% of eligible patients receiving the HZ vaccine. Objective: This study aimed to provide insight into trends and potential reasons for interest in HZ vaccination. Methods: Internet search data were queried from the Google Health application programming interface from 2004-2017. Seasonality of normalized search volume was analyzed using wavelets and Fisher’s g test. Results: The search terms “shingles vaccine,” “zoster vaccine,” and “zostavax” all exhibited significant periodicity in the fall months (P<.001), with sharp increases after recommendations for vaccination by public health-related organizations. Although the terms “shingles blisters,” “shingles itch,” “shingles rash,” “skin rash,” and “shingles medicine” exhibited statistically significant periodicities with a seasonal peak in the summer (P<.001), the terms “shingles contagious,” “shingles pain,” “shingles treatment,” and “shingles symptoms” did not reveal an annual trend. Conclusions: There may be increased interest in HZ vaccination during the fall and after public health organization recommendations are broadcast. This finding points to the possibility that increased awareness of the vaccine through public health announcements could be evaluated as a potential intervention for increasing vaccine coverage.
Algorithms for the elementary functions in level-index arithmetic

In order to render the level-index, li, system of number representation and computer arithmetic a realistic scientific computing environment, it is necessary to develop and analyse algorithms for the (approximate) evaluation of the elementary functions with li arguments and/or outputs. In this paper the basic approaches to this problem are outlined and analysed. For some of the routines, operation times will turn out to be faster than for the basic arithmetic algorithms. It is shown that (as for those arithmetic operations) the internal calculations can be performed with fixed absolute precisions. We also discuss the appropriate system of representation for the arguments and values of the functions and the regions in which their evaluation is meaningful.
Aortic disease and interventions in adults with tetralogy of Fallot

Background Aortic dilation and aortic valve disease are known long-term complication of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), but the risk of aortic dissection and the indications for prophylactic aortic surgery are unknown in this population. The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine the prevalence of significant aortic valve disease and/or significant aortic aneurysm (AVD-AA); (2) determine the incidence of progressive aortic dilation and aortic dissection in patients with TOF. Methods Retrospective review of adults with repaired TOF, and no prior aortic valve/aorta surgery, who had ≥2 measurements of the thoracic aorta >12 months apart, 1990–2017. The aortic root and mid-ascending aorta were measured at the onset of QRS complex from leading edge to leading edge. Significant aortic valve disease was defined as the presence of ≥moderate aortic stenosis and/or ≥moderate aortic regurgitation. Significant aortic aneurysm was defined as aortic root or mid-ascending aorta dimension ≥50 mm. Progressive aortic dilation was defined as increase in aortic dimension ≥2 mm. Results Of the 453 consecutive patients (37±13 years, men 216 (49%)) in the study, aortic aneurysm was present in 312 (69%) based on normative data; progressive aortic dilation occurred in 40 (9%), and there was no case of aortic dissection. Significant AVD-AA occurred in 52 (12%) patients; and 15 of them (29%) underwent aortic surgery without any surgical mortality. Conclusions Although aortic aneurysm was common, progressive aortic dilation was uncommon and aortic dissection did not occur in our patients with TOF with significant aortic aneurysms who did not undergo aortic surgery. This has important clinical implication in deciding the frequency of imaging follow-up and timing of surgical intervention in this population.
SWIFT® Semiconductor Packaging Technology

The continued scaling of transistor geometries for semiconductor devices has been placing an increased demand on the next‐level interconnect technologies. A new, innovative chip‐last high density fan‐out (HD‐FO) structure called Silicon Wafer Integrated Fan‐out Technology (SWIFT) packaging incorporates conventional fan‐out waferlevel packaging (FO‐WLP) processes with leading‐edge, thin film patterning techniques to bridge the gap between through‐silicon via technology and traditional FO‐WLP packages. For smartphones and wearable devices, 3D package‐on‐package (PoP) structures have become the standard for application processor (AP) and DRAM integration. SWIFT packaging is also capable of conformal shielding, which is increasingly requested for laminate‐based system in package (SiP) modules. In addition to the AP and SiP markets, SWIFT packaging has applications in the networking and high performance graphics segments. This chapter focuses on the comparison of the chip‐last HD‐FO technology process with both exposed‐die PoP and fan‐in PoP for signal integrity, power integrity, and impedance matching.
The Contributions of Perinatal Programming to Blood Pressure Levels in Childhood and Beyond

It is now appreciated that an adverse milieu during intrauterine and perinatal life may be associated with many remote and long-term negative effects on the health of the offspring, a phenomenon that has been termed “perinatal programming” or “developmental origins of health and disease.” There are likely gradations of such effects, and the mechanisms are beginning to be delineated. These include epigenetic changes that may be the underpinnings of altered renal, cardiac and vascular development and altered protein expression, as well as function. This chapter will consider the role of perinatal programming in pediatric hypertension and whether at-risk children and adolescents should be monitored and/or differentially treated.
A PopZ-linked apical recruitment assay for studying protein–protein interactions in the bacterial cell envelope

Most bacteria are surrounded by a complex cell envelope. As with many biological processes, studies of envelope assembly have benefited from cell-based assays for detecting protein-protein interactions. These assays use simple readouts and lack a protein purification requirement, making them ideal for early stage investigations. The most widely used two-hybrid interaction assay for proteins involved in envelope biogenesis is based on the reconstitution of adenylate cyclase activity from a split enzyme. Because adenylate cyclase is only functional in the cytoplasm, both protein fusions used in the assay must have a terminus located in this compartment. However, many envelope assembly factors are wholly extracytoplasmic. Detecting interactions involving such proteins using two-hybrid systems has therefore been problematic. To address this issue, we developed a cytological assay in Escherichia coli based on PopZ from Caulobacter crescentus. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this PopZ-Linked Apical Recruitment (POLAR) method for detecting interactions between proteins located in different cellular compartments. Additionally, we report that recruitment of an active peptidoglycan synthase to the cell pole is detrimental for E. coli and that interactions between proteins in the inner and outer membranes of the Gram-negative envelope may provide a mechanism for recruiting protein complexes to subpolar sites.
The senator’s discriminatory intent: Presenting probative legal evidence of unconstitutional verbal animus

Abstract This is a critical analysis of the discourse of an elected state official in the years leading up to the passage of arguably racist legislation. It was submitted to a U.S. court of law to support the plaintiffs’ claim that since the legislator publicly expressed racial bias against the groups of people affected by the law, then his legislation should be voided because the United States Constitution requires that laws treat citizens equally. The fact that critical discourse analytic findings have been entered into the U.S. courts leads to the question whether such analyses of public pronouncements May ever be permitted to serve as legally probative evidence.
Instruction Profiling Based Fetch Throttling for Wasted Dynamic Power Reduction

In superscalar processors the throughput of the early pipeline stages will impose an upper bound on the throughput of all the subsequent stages. Therefore, to achieve high performance, maximum instruction fetch bandwidth is maintained. This leads to higher power dissipation that often is wasted due to aggressive fetching of instruction cache. To address this problem, this paper implements fetch throttling based on instruction profiling. Instruction profile indicates how likely the instructions are to be stalled in each pipeline stages. The knowledge of the probable residence of the instructions at different stages can enable throttling mechanism to reduce wasted dynamic power with minimal performance penalty. In this paper, we propose fetch throttling based on instruction profiling for top 10 instructions that contribute to frequent pipeline stalls. Simulation results show that instruction profiling based fetch throttling improves average energy efficiency in the range of 24.36-39.70% for an average performance degradation of 5.3412.20% at different levels of fetch throttling.
Navigated Spinal Fusion

3D navigation options offer new opportunities for more precise navigation in spinal surgery, favor reduction of radiation exposure for the surgical team, and accelerate surgical workflow. Recently, the latest concept of “total navigation” using iCT NAV in spinal surgery has been introduced. Therefore, workflows have changed from what they were before using X-ray and fluoroscopy. Although several groups have described reduced radiation exposure for the surgical staff, fastest surgical workflows, and improved screw implantation accuracy, there is not enough evidence available to prove a significant benefit over the institutional costs.
Supraorbital Keyhole Approach for Resection of Prechiasmatic Craniopharyngioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Craniopharyngioma are benign extra-axial tumors occurring classically in the vicinity of the sella. Because of the complex anatomy surrounding the sella turcica comprising, among others, the vessels of the circle of Willis, the optic nerves, chiasma and optic pathway, the hypothalamus, the third ventricle, and the pituitary gland, a large variety of technical approaches have been described. We illustrate, in this video, a unilateral supraorbital keyhole approach to access and entirely extirpate a prechiasmatic craniopharyngioma. A 40-yr-old healthy male presented to the emergency department with a history of rapid visual deterioration in the left eye in the last 10 d. A brain computed tomography scan showed a circumscribed prechiasmatic cystic lesion partially calcified that was radiologically compatible with a craniopharyngioma on the magnetic resonance imaging. We decided to access the lesion by a right-sided subfrontal corridor using a frontal wrinkle for the skin incision. This technique allows rapid and safe access to the central prechiasmatic region. By choosing a contralateral approach, we aim at optimizing the control on the opposite optic nerve with a perpendicular view. Total removal of the craniopharyngioma was accomplished without causing neurological deterioration. In fact, left eye visual disturbances were immediately retrieved after the surgery. No endocrinological issue or postoperative complication was reported. Minimal cosmetic disturbances are achieved with a meticulous skin incision and bone flap reconstruction.
Chapter 15 – Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramic Borehole Sealant

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the chemically bonded phosphate ceramic borehole sealant. Cementing operations in oil and gas wells place demanding requirements on cement properties. Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs) could be used in many of the oil-field cementing needs, where conventional cements have limitations. Suitable CBPC formulations can be developed for wells, depending on their depth, to allow extended pumping time. CBPC slurry can be formulated for pumping in oil and natural gas wells in permafrost regions, geothermal wells with downhole temperatures greater than 150°C, or hot deep wells with downhole pressures greater than 15,000 psi. Moreover, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have invested considerable efforts in developing ceramic borehole sealant (CBS) products. ANL focused on alternative oil well cements for the entire range of downhole temperature and pressure. The ANL and BNL studies show that CBS has excellent potential in borehole applications. The chapter concludes that these cements were tested according to API procedures and have shown excellent results or they are more than likely to succeed in these applications.
Community hospital stethoscope cleaning practices and contamination rates

Background In the United States, nosocomial infections are estimated to cause 72,000 annual deaths. The stethoscope, commonly used, is rarely reported as a potential vector. Our study aims to describe stethoscope contamination and the effect of self-reported cleaning practices among health care providers in a community hospital setting. Methods Stethoscopes were collected at random times from health care providers and cultured per standard techniques. Providers answered a structured questionnaire related to their cleaning practices. Differences in bacterial growth rates and the impact of profession, cleaning frequency, and prior sanitization were evaluated. Results Of 104 cultured stethoscopes, 44% were from residents and medical students, from which 76% had bacterial growth, and 56% were from attendings, nurses, and respiratory therapists who had 91.4% growth (95% = confidence interval 0.62-0.86 and 0.81-0.96, respectively). Overall, 86.5% of providers claimed disinfection frequency compliant with Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines but there were no statistical differences between self-reported cleaning frequency or methods, and the presence of bacteria. Conclusions Most stethoscopes are contaminated with bacteria, the presence of which was not affected by reported cleaning strategies.
An investigation of accessible and inclusive instructional field practices in US geoscience departments

Abstract. This study examines current accessible field-based instructional strategies across geoscience departments in the United States that support students with visual, hearing, and mobility disabilities. A qualitative questionnaire was administered to geoscience instructors from over 160 US geology departments. Outcomes from the data analysis were used to categorize accessible instructional practices into three distinct pedagogical methods: modifications, accommodations, and options for accessible instructional design. Utilizing the lens of critical disability theory, we then investigated how the identified teaching practices varied in inclusion, as some strategies can often be more exclusionary towards individual students with disabilities. Although from a US perspective, the outcomes of this study offer practical suggestions for providing accessible and inclusive field experiences that may inform a global geoscience instructional context.
Depressive Symptoms, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity Self-Efficacy in African American Children.

In recent decades, the prevalence of childhood depression and obesity has increased worldwide. African American (AA) children are more obese than White peers and experience many factors that can influence the onset of depressive symptoms. While depression and obesity have been examined in adolescents, there is a paucity of research in AA children. This study examined the relationships among depressive symptoms, obesity, and physical activity self-efficacy in AA children. A community sample of 65 AA children completed questionnaires for depressive symptoms and physical activity self-efficacy and also had body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z-scores calculated. Correlational statistics were used to examine associations between variables. Clinically significant total depression scores were present in 22% of children, while 48% were overweight or obese. Overall, children reported high physical activity self-efficacy. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher BMI Z-scores. Results also indicated significant correlations between the children’s physical activity self-efficacy and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that the associations between depressive symptoms, BMI, and physical activity self-efficacy in AA children merit additional examination. Early identification of depression in children may inform future approaches to treatment of psychological and physiological problems within the clinical setting. Screening for childhood depressive symptoms in primary care settings, especially those that specifically treat childhood obesity, can be instrumental in early identification of children with depression. Healthcare providers should be knowledgeable of the clinical presentation of depression and engaged in depression screening.
Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Surgical Therapies for Ulcerative Colitis.

IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder that can be managed surgically with a proctocolectomy. Minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic or roboti...
Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Radio-Selected Galaxy Overdensity at z=1.11

We report the discovery of a galaxy overdensity at z=1.11 associated with the z=1.110 high-redshift radio galaxy MG0442+0202. The group, CL0442+0202, was found in a near-infrared survey of z>1 radio galaxies undertaken to identify spatially-coincident regions with a high density of objects red in I-K' color, typical of z>1 elliptical galaxies. Spectroscopic observations from the Keck telescope reveal five galaxies within 35" of MG0442+0202 at 1.10 5e-16 erg/cm2/s. One of these point sources is identified with a radio-quiet, typeII quasar at z=1.863, akin to sources recently reported in deep Chandra surveys. The limit on an extended hot intracluster medium in the Chandra data is S(1-6keV) 1, the success of the optical/near-infrared targeting of early-type systems near the radio galaxy validates searches using radio galaxies as beacons for high-redshift large-scale structure. We interpret CL0442+0202 to be a massive cluster in the process of formation.
Pericardial effusion: a rare side effect of clozapine

A pericardial effusion is a rare but very serious side effect of clozapine. We present a case of a 50-year old female, who developed fever and tachycardia during the initial period of treatment with clozapine. This case highlights the importance of having a high degree of suspiciousness for occurrence of a pericardial effusion.
Postpartum cardiac readmissions among women without a cardiac diagnosis at delivery.

To determine risk for cardiac readmissions among women without cardiac diagnoses present at delivery up to 9 months after delivery hospitalization discharge. Delivery hospitalizations without cardi...
Identifying Inequities: Assessing Gender Identity Disparities in a Large Pediatric Emergency Department

Background Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/questioning (LGTBQ) youth have poorer health outcomes than straight or cisgender youth.1,2 Understanding a child’s gender identity (GI) is an opportunity to intervene in this disparity. As one approach, we sought to describe GI and health behaviors among adolescents in an emergency care setting. Methods A survey was conducted in 12-18 year olds presenting at two urban emergency departments in Minnesota between December, 2018 and June, 2019. The survey was adapted from the Minnesota Student Survey2, including questions on GI, mental and …