cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2006 Special Issue: Selective attention through phase relationship of excitatory and inhibitory input synchrony in a model cortical neuron

Neurons in area V2 and V4 exhibit stimulus specific tuning to single stimuli, and respond at intermediate firing rates when presented with two differentially preferred stimuli ('pair response'). Selective attention to one of the two stimuli causes the neuron's firing rate to shift from the intermediate pair response towards the response to the attended stimulus as if it were presented alone. Attention to single stimuli reduces the response threshold of the neuron and increases spike synchronization at gamma frequencies. The intrinsic and network mechanisms underlying these phenomena were investigated in a multi-compartmental biophysical model of a reconstructed cat V4 neuron. Differential stimulus preference was generated through a greater ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses projecting from one of two input V2 populations. Feedforward inhibition and synaptic depression dynamics were critical to generating the intermediate pair response. Neuronal gain effects were simulated using gamma frequency range correlations in the feedforward excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the V4 neuron. For single preferred stimulus presentations, correlations within the inhibitory population out of phase with correlations within the excitatory input significantly reduced the response threshold of the V4 neuron. The pair response to simultaneously active preferred and non-preferred V2 populations could also undergo an increase or decrease in gain via the same mechanism, where correlations in feedforward inhibition are out of phase with gamma band correlations within the excitatory input corresponding to the attended stimulus. The results of this model predict that top-down attention may bias the V4 neuron's response using an inhibitory correlation phase shift mechanism.
Formation of high-field magnetic white dwarfs from common envelopes

The origin of highly magnetized white dwarfs has remained a mystery since their initial discovery. Recent observations indicate that the formation of high-field magnetic white dwarfs is intimately related to strong binary interactions during post-main-sequence phases of stellar evolution. If a low-mass companion, such as a planet, brown dwarf, or low-mass star, is engulfed by a post-main-sequence giant, gravitational torques in the envelope of the giant lead to a reduction of the companion’s orbit. Sufficiently low-mass companions in-spiral until they are shredded by the strong gravitational tides near the white dwarf core. Subsequent formation of a super-Eddington accretion disk from the disrupted companion inside a common envelope can dramatically amplify magnetic fields via a dynamo. Here, we show that these disk-generated fields are sufficiently strong to explain the observed range of magnetic field strengths for isolated, high-field magnetic white dwarfs. A higher-mass binary analogue may also contribute to the origin of magnetar fields.
Sensitivity of the Monsoon Onset to Differential Heating

Abstract This paper examines some observational aspects of the evolution of energy exchanges and differential heating during the GARP Monsoon Experiment MONEX. The main findings are that: 1) A large increase in the kinetic energy of the total flow field and the nondivergent component of the flows occurs over the Arabian Sea about a week prior to the onset of monsoon rains over central India. 2) The field of differential heating moves during the onset period to a favorable position for the generation of eddy available potential energy and its release to eddy kinetic energy. 3) The release of the eddy available potential energy goes to enhance the kinetic energy of the divergent circulations. 4) The kinetic energy of the divergent circulation does not increase much with time. This energy is shown to he transferred rapidly to the nondivergent motion via a number of interaction functions. The orientation of the divergent flows is shown to be of prime importance in these transfers during the onset, active, bre...
A neural network-based design of an on-off adaptive control for Deep Brain Stimulation in movement disorders

The current Food and Drug Administration approved system for the treatment of tremor disorders through Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the area of the brain that controls movement, operates open-loop. It does not automatically adapt to the instantaneous patient's needs or to the progression of the disease. This paper demonstrates an adaptive closed-loop controlled DBS that, after switching off stimulation, tracks few physiological signals to predict the reappearance of tremor before the patient experiences discomfort, at which point it instructs the DBS controller to switch on stimulation again. The core of the proposed approach is a Neural Network (NN) which effectively extracts tremor predictive information from non-invasively recorded surface-electromyogram(sEMG) and accelerometer signals measured at the symptomatic extremities. A simple feed-forward back-propagation NN architecture is shown to successfully predict tremor in 31 out of 33 trials in two Parkinson's Disease patients with an overall accuracy of 75.8% and sensitivity of 92.3%. This work therefore shows that closed-loop DBS control is feasible in the near future and that it can be achieved without modifications of the electrodes implanted in the brain, i.e., is backward compatible with approved DBS systems.
Inspiratory flow effects on mechanically ventilated patients: lung volume, inhomogeneity, and arterial oxygenation

Changes in the inspiratory flow rate of mechanically ventialated patients can affect arterial oxygenation. Although the mechanism producing this alteration is not certain, one possible mechanism is a change in ventilation inhomogeneity. This study was performed to determine if the inspiratory flow setting would affect ventilation inhomogeneity in patients who have minimal or no lung disease, but who require mechanical ventilation after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. When inspiratory flows were doubled, PaO2 increased and FRC fell. However, no associated change in ventilation inhomogeneity was detected. It is concluded that inspiratory flow rate can affect arterial oxygenation of subjects without severe obstructive pulmonary disease through mechanisms other than altering ventilation inhomogeneity, such as changes in cardiac output or in distribution of perfusion.
The Luminosity Function of Quasars

We propose a new evolutionary model for the optical luminosity function of quasars. Our analytical model is derived from fits to the empirical luminosity function estimated by Hartwick and Schade and Warren, Hewett, and Osmer on the basis of more than 1200 quasars over the range of redshifts 0 approximately less than z approximately less than 4.5. We find that the evolution of quasars over this entire redshift range can be well fitted by a Gaussian distribution, while the shape of the luminosity function can be well fitted by either a double power law or an exponential L(exp 1/4) law. The predicted number counts of quasars, as a function of either apparent magnitude or redshift, are fully consistent with the observed ones. Our model indicates that the evolution of quasars reaches its maximum at z approximately = 2.8 and declines at higher redshifts. An extrapolation of the evolution to z approximately greater than 4.5 implies that quasars may have started their cosmic fireworks at z(sub f) approximately = 5.2-5.5. Forthcoming surveys of quasars at these redshifts will be critical to constrain the epoch of quasar formation. All the results we derived are based on observed quasars and are therefore subject to the bias of obscuration by dust in damped Ly alpha systems. Future surveys of these absorption systems at z approximately greater than 3 will also be important if the formation epoch of quasars is to be known unambiguously.
Development of a processor in BEIS3 for estimating vegetative mercury emission in the continental United States

Abstract We have developed a regression-based processor for estimating vegetative mercury emission within the framework of Biogenic Emission Inventory System Version 3.11 (BEIS3 V3.11). In this development, we incorporated the 230 categories of USGS landcover data to generate the vegetation-specific mercury emission in a 36-km Lambert Conformal model grid covering the continental United States (CONUS). The surface temperature and cloud-corrected solar radiation from a Mesoscale Meteorological model (MM5) were retrieved and used for calculating the diurnal variation. The implemented emission factors were either evaluated from the measured mercury flux data for selected tree species, wetland and water, or assumed for the tree species without available flux data. Annual simulations using the 2001 USEPA MM5 data were performed to investigate the seasonal emission variation. From our sensitivity analysis using three sets of emission factors, we estimated that the vegetative mercury emission in the CONUS domain ranges from a lower limit of 31 ton yr −1 to an upper limit of 140 ton yr −1 , with the best estimate at 44 ton yr −1 . The modeled vegetative emission was mainly contributed from southeast US. Using the best estimate data, it is shown that mercury emission from vegetation is comparable to that from anthropogenic sources in summer (nearly half of the total emission). However, the vegetative emission decreases greatly in winter, leaving anthropogenic sources as the major emission source (>90% in winter months). Modeling assessment indicates that including vegetative emission (44 ton yr −1 ) can force an increase of ambient mercury concentration of up to 0.2 ng m −3 in summer midday, but has little impact on dry deposition of mercury. Additional emission factors can be implemented in the model once further mercury flux data become available.
Time-dependent recovery of in vivo binding sites after drug dosing: A method for radiotracer evaluation

The recovery of in vivo binding sites for (+/-)-alpha-[11C] methoxytetrabenazine, a radioligand for the monoamine vesicular transporter (VMAT2), was determined in mouse brain at various times following a pharmacological dose of tetrabenazine. Concentrations of in vivo radioligand binding sites progressively increased and had reached control values by 8.5 h, and this recovery was consistent with the pharmacokinetics of the competing drug tetrabenazine and its active metabolite, dihydrotetrabenazine. This study demonstrates a simple experimental protocol of using a single dose of a reversible competing drug and time-dependent measurements of in vivo binding of a radioligand. This protocol is suitable for testing the sensitivity of an in vivo radiotracer for measurement of varying concentrations of in vivo binding sites.
Discovery of bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in Earth, in a shocked meteorite

Meteorites exposed to high pressures and temperatures during impact-induced shock often contain minerals whose occurrence and stability normally confine them to the deeper portions of Earth's mantle. One exception has been MgSiO_3 in the perovskite structure, which is the most abundant solid phase in Earth. Here we report the discovery of this important phase as a mineral in the Tenham L6 chondrite and approved by the International Mineralogical Association (specimen IMA 2014-017). MgSiO_3-perovskite is now called bridgmanite. The associated phase assemblage constrains peak shock conditions to ~24 gigapascals and 2300 kelvin. The discovery concludes a half century of efforts to find, identify, and characterize a natural specimen of this important mineral.
Scaling of critical self-organized magnetic-domain formations

We report a numerical investigation of scaling laws obeyed by the response of a domain wall separating regions of opposite magnetization in a recording tape. The universality of the ${\mathit{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1.1}$ power law for the resettlement time of the pattern following a disturbance breaks down for large t. The scaling law for large t depends on anisotropy (i.e., inclination of the wall to the tape direction) and tape length. For infinite tape length, the remaining dependence of the power law on anisotropy is best fitted by Widom scaling. We also find that a critical self-organized state is attained whether or not successive steps of the algorithm involve random elements, as long as the initial state is random.
The molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription

I am deeply grateful for the honor bestowed on me by the Nobel Committee for Chemistry and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is an honor I share with my collaborators. It is also recognition of the many who have contributed over the past quarter century to the study of transcription.
Acute Hepatitis C in an HIV-Infected patient: A Case Report and Review of Literature

With the decrease in transmission via transfusions and injection drug use, acute symptomatic hepatitis C is infrequently seen in developed countries. We report a case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adult who presented with abdominal pain. His alanine aminotransferase was greater than sixty times the upper limit of normal without any evidence on examination of fulminant hepatic failure. His workup revealed an elevated hepatitis C viral level with a negative hepatitis C antibody. He was discharged once his liver function tests improved. As an outpatient, he had a recurrent bout of symptoms with an elevation of his alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis C viral levels that promoted anti-hepatitis C virus treatment. This case illustrates the importance of considering acute hepatitis C as a cause of acute hepatitis in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. While patients with acute symptomatic hepatitis C generally have a higher rate of spontaneous viral clearance compared to those with an insidious acute infection, most still progress to chronic hepatitis C infection, and patients with HIV coinfection carry a higher risk of progression to chronic disease.
The Scandinavian languages

(1991). The Scandinavian languages. History of European Ideas: Vol. 13, No. 1-2, pp. 33-39.
B Cells in the appendix and other lymphoid organs of the rabbit: stimulation of DNA synthesis by anti-immunoglobulin.

Abstract Lymphocytes from rabbit lymphoid organs were cultured in the presence of class specific anti-immunoglobulin sera and of anti-allotype sera. Stimulation of tritiated thymidine uptake into DNA was taken to indicate the presence of the corresponding immunoglobulins on the cell surfaces. Thymus and bone marrow lymphocytes were unresponsive to all reagents tested. Popliteal lymph node contained cells responsive to anti-μ, anti-γ, and anti-α and therefore presumably bearing IgM, IgG, and IgA. Spleen had only IgM- and IgG-bearing-cells, and the appendix contained cells with IgM and IgA receptors only. The lymph node, spleen, and appendix cells of rabbits depleted of B lymphocytes by irradiation (900 R) and injection of thymocytes were unresponsive to anti-immunoglobulin but were stimulated at almost normal levels by PHA and Con A. T cell-depleted animals (thymectomy, irradiation with three divided doses of 450 R and bone marrow shielding) had immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes but were unresponsive to the mitogens. However a moderate level of mitogen-responsiveness reappeared by 3–4 wk after irradiation. Cells of morphologically distinct regions of the appendix, separated manually, showed different responses corresponding to the inferred origins of these anatomic areas. The “dome” and “corona” contained functional IgM- and IgA-bearing cells. The “TDA” reacted well to PHA, Con A, and PWM, but was depleted of immunoglobulin-bearing cells. The “follicle” cells, which are almost all in active DNA synthesis or mitosis, were relatively unresponsive to either T or B cell stimuli. Anti-allotype serum stimulated the same populations which responded to class-specific heteroantisera but at a slightly lower level. It was inferred that gut-associated lymphoid tissues like the appendix may play a special role as an amplification site for B-cells destined to produce IgM and IgA elsewhere in the organism.
Large negative lunar surface potentials in sunlight and shadow

[1] We survey Lunar Prospector Electron Reflectometer measurements from times when the Moon was located in the geomagnetic tail, in order to characterize the occurrence of large (>500 V) negative lunar surface potentials, as identified by upward-going electron beams. We find that charging to these levels is rare, but that such charging events do occasionally occur in both sunlight and shadow. Large surface potentials are found primarily in the plasma sheet, and their occurrence depends mainly on the incident electron spectrum rather than surface properties. Most examples occur in shadow, where the current from energetic electrons dominates. However, some occur in sunlight, suggesting the occasional presence of either lower photoemission than expected or non-monotonic potentials. Depending on the electric field scale height, significant electric fields of up to ∼100 V/m may sometimes exist at the lunar surface.
Youth Alienation: Implications for Administrators

We know some important things about youth alienation, and principals should have this information and understand its practical implications, according to this writer. Educators have taken some real steps in dealing with long-term increases in youth alienation, he says, but they still have a long way to go.
Toward the development of more robust jet definitions

When the LHC restarts at 13–14 TeV the luminosity will increase to 50–100 interactions per crossing. Under existing jet definitions, this will lead to multiple fake jets built up out of pileup, and poor energy resolution requiring large cuts on measured transverse momentum. In order to recover access to low energy jets we determine the minimal requirements for sensible jet definitions. We then propose the first of a new class of jet algorithms, called “p-jets,” that will be less sensitive to the noise of multiple interactions and underlying event.
A Simple Unified Model for Pricing Derivative Securities withEquity, Interest-Rate, and Default Risk

We develop a model for pricing derivative and hybrid securities whose value may depend on different sources of risk, namely, equity, interest-rate, and default risks. In addition to valuing such securities the framework is also useful for extracting probabilities of default (PD) functions from market data. Our model is not based on the stochastic process for the value of the firm [which is unobservable], but on the stochastic process for interest rates and the equity price, which are observable. The model comprises a risk-neutral setting in which the joint process of interest rates and equity are modeled together with the default conditions for security payoffs. The model is embedded on a recombining lattice which makes implementation of the pricing scheme feasible with polynomial complexity. We present a simple approach for calibration of the model to market observable data. The framework is shown to nest many familiar models as special cases. The model is extensible to handling correlated default risk and may be used to value distressed convertible bonds, debt-equity swaps, and credit portfolio products such as CDOs. We present several numerical and calibration examples to demonstrate the applicability and implementation of our approach.
Production responses of cows to recombinantly derived bovine somatotropin and to frequency of milking

To determine whether bST additively increases milk production in cows milked at different frequencies per day, 118 Holstein primiparous and multiparous cows were milked two or three times daily beginning at parturition and received either 14 mg of bST or no injection beginning at d 75 of lactation. Increased milking frequency from two to three times daily increased 3.5% FCM in multiparous (4.7 kg/d) and primiparous (4.1 kg/d) cows over 305 d. Injection of bST increased FCM 4.3 kg/d in multiparous cows and 5.0 kg/d in primiparous cows over 230 d. Increased milking frequency from two to three times daily reduced milk fat and protein percentages in milk, but bST generally did not affect these percentages. Injection of bST prevented increases in body condition score as lactation advanced, but increasing milking frequency from two to three times daily did not. In general, bST and increased milking frequency additively increased FCM in multiparous and primiparous cows.
Residues in the hydrophilic face of putative helix 8 of oxytocin receptor are important for receptor function

Oxytocin receptor (OTR) activates the GTP-binding protein Gαq. To investigate whether the N-terminal region of the fourth intracellular domain of this receptor, which forms putative helix 8, plays a role in coupling, its hydrophilic residues (H7.59, H7.62, E7.63, Q7.66, and R7.67) were mutated individually to alanine. In COSM6 cells, these mutants were expressed at equivalent concentrations, but at lower concentrations than OTR. Alanine substitution for H7.62 or Q7.66 did not substantially affect the affinity for OT (Kd = 0.63 and 0.48 nM, respectively, vs 0.52 nM for the wild type), whereas substitution for H7.59, E7.63, or R7.67 reduced the affinity 5−6-fold. When expressed at equal concentrations, OTR-H7.62/A and OTR-Q7.66/A stimulated phosphatidylinositide turnover as well as OTR, whereas OTR-H7.59/A, OTR-E7.63/A, and OTR-R7.67/A exhibited an impaired ability to respond to OT. Therefore, residues H7.59, E7.63, and R7.67 within the putative hydrophilic interface appeared to influence both the OTR confo...
Ultra-wideband radar based human body landmark detection and tracking with biomedical constraints for human motion measuring

In this manuscript, we propose and investigate a methodology for detecting and tracking human body landmarks using ultra-wideband (UWB) radars. The detection of multiple human body landmarks (HBLs) is achieved by motion target indication techniques, and the multi-HBL tracking is accomplished by a novel iterative convex optimization based approach with considerations of biomechanics constraints. Specifically, the radar signals returned from radio frequency (RF) reflective markers attached to the HBLs are extracted and processed. Then moving target indication (MTI) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection techniques are then used for detecting the reflectors. The data association (DA) is then applied to validate and relate the detection results to target landmarks for generating range measurements. The range measurements are used for a convex optimization based sequential estimation algorithm to sequentially estimate the accurate marker locations. It is noted that the proposed optimization based sequential estimation is able to incorporate biomechanical constraints. In our field experiment, two RF reflective markers are attached to the wrist and elbow of one human arm for reflecting radar signals. It is demonstrated that detection and tracking of the moving trajectories of two markers are feasible and successfully achieved, and thus, the human arm motion is accurately measured using one UWB radar.
Underdiagnosis of hypertension using electronic health records.

BACKGROUND Hypertension is highly prevalent and contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Appropriate identification of hypertension is fundamental for its management. The rates of appropriate hypertension diagnosis in outpatient settings using an electronic health record (EHR) have not been well studied. We sought to identify prevalent and incident hypertension cases in a large outpatient healthcare system, examine the diagnosis rates of prevalent and incident hypertension, and identify clinical and demographic factors associated with appropriate hypertension diagnosis. METHODS We analyzed a 3-year, cross-sectional sample of 251,590 patients aged ≥18 years using patient EHRs. Underlying hypertension was defined as two or more abnormal blood pressure (ABP) readings ≥140/90 mm Hg and/or pharmaceutical treatment. Appropriate hypertension diagnosis was defined by the reporting of ICD-9 codes (401.0-401.9). Factors associated with hypertension diagnosis were assessed through multivariate analyses of patient clinical and demographic characteristics. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was 28.7%, and the diagnosis rate was 62.9%. The incidence of hypertension was 13.3%, with a diagnosis rate of 19.9%. Predictors of diagnosis for prevalent hypertension included older age, Asian, African American, higher body mass index (BMI), and increased number of ABP readings. Predictors for incident hypertension diagnosis were similar. In patients with two or more ABP readings, hypertension diagnosis was associated with significantly higher medication treatment rates (92.6% vs. 15.8%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Outpatient EHR diagnosis rates are suboptimal, yet EHR diagnosis of hypertension is strongly associated with treatment. Targeted efforts to improve diagnosis should be a priority.
The Vesta parallel file system

The Vesta parallel file system is designed to provide parallel file access to application programs running on multicomputers with parallel I/O subsystems. Vesta uses a new abstraction of files: a file is not a sequence of bytes, but rather it can be partitioned into multiple disjoint sequences that are accessed in parallel. The partitioning—which can also be changed dynamically—reduces the need for synchronization and coordination during the access. Some control over the layout of data is also provided, so the layout can be matched with the anticipated access patterns. The system is fully implemented and forms the basis for the AIX Parallel I/O File System on the IBM SP2. The implementation does not compromise scalability or parallelism. In fact, all data accesses are done directly to the I/O node that contains the requested data, without any indirection or access to shared metadata. Disk mapping and caching functions are confined to each I/O node, so there is no need to keep data coherent across nodes. Performance measurements shown good scalability with increased resources. Moreover, different access patterns are show to achieve similar performance.
Revision Surgery of a Stenotic Speaking Shunt in Near-Total Laryngectomy Patients

A near-total operation to create a speaking shunt is generally considered a suitable option in most T3 laryngopharyngeal cancer cases. However. some of these cases incur postoperative problems, including aspiration and shunt stenosis. In this 8-year study. 15 of 60 patients who had received near-total laryngectomies could not speak well with their shunts. Revision surgery was performed on 11. Under local anesthesia, the lumen of the stenotic segment of the shunt was opened. A 4-F silicone tube was stented in the shunt. Then, for mildly stenotic cases, the small mucosal defect of the shunt was covered by a sternohyoid myofascial flap. For moderate to severe cases, the larger mucosal defect was reconstructed with a free skin graft. Thereafter, a sternohyoid muscle flap was used to cover the skin graft, which would finally form the inner lining of the new speaking shunt. The outcome was that 9 of the 11 patients acquired intelligible shunt speech. These results demonstrate that the augmentation procedures described herein have considerable potential for restoring the function of a stenotic speaking shunt in a near-total laryngectomee.
Breast pumping and lactational state exert differential effects on ethanol pharmacokinetics.

Prior research revealed that breast stimulation altered the way the lactating body handles alcohol. Its effects depended upon when it occurred relative to drinking. The goal of the present study was to determine whether breast pumping works independently of the physiological and metabolic changes that accompany lactation. To this end, we tested 12 women when they were exclusively breastfeeding 3- to 5-month-old infants and then again months after lactation had ceased. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups which differed in the timing of breast pumping relative to drinking a 0.4g/kg dose of alcohol: one group breast pumped 0.6 hr after drinking (Pumped After (PA) Group) and the other pumped 1 hour before drinking (Pumped Before (PB) Group). For each reproductive stage, subjects were tested on 2 separate days, consuming a standardized meal one hour before drinking during one test day and remaining fasted during the other. Breath alcohol levels (BrAC) and temperature readings were obtained before and at fixed intervals after drinking. Pumping before drinking significantly decreased BrAC during both reproductive stages whereas pumping after drinking resulted in different BrAC time curves during lactation when compared to after lactation. That is, levels were significantly lower during the descending phase of the time curve during than after lactation. The interactions between pumping and reproductive stage were most apparent during fed condition. Further, women were more sensitive to hypothermic effects of both fasting and drinking alcohol during lactation. These findings add to the growing literature that lactating women metabolize alcohol differently, in part, due to the frequent breast stimulation during breastfeeding and the pronounced physiological changes that accompany one of the most energetically costly mammalian activities.
Polymer microstructures formed by moulding in capillaries

THE formation of patterned structures on micrometre-length scales is essential for the fabrication of many electronic, optical and mechanical devices1. Patterning technologies are well established for semiconductors and metals, but are relatively undeveloped for organic polymers (with the notable exception of the specialized polymers used in photolithography1). Polymeric replicas of some structures have been formed by filling them with monomers which are subsequently polymerized2a¤-5. But these procedures have important limitations, in that the usually involve the destruction of the template structure, or the resulting structures are not sufficiently regular for most applications. Here we describe a general moulding procedure which does not suffer from these limitations. For the mould we use the continuous network of channels formed when a substrate and a patterned elastomeric master are placed in intimate contact. A low-viscosity polymer precursor is placed in contact with the network, which then fills spontaneously by capillary action. After cross-linking the precursor, the master is removed (and can be reused), leaving a patterned polymer layer; depending on the choice of substrate, patterned free-standing films can be similarly produced.
Comparative immunochemical properties of nucleoproteins : antigenic characteristics of deoxyribonucleic acid protein from a canine haemangiopericytoma

Comparative Immunochemical Properties of Nucleoproteins: Antigenic Characteristics of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Protein from a Canine Haemangiopericytoma
Action of Microorganisms on the Peroxides and Carbonyls of Rancid Fat

SUMMARY— The effects of 26 species of bacteria, molds, and yeasts on the hydroperoxides and monocarbonyls in rancid fat have been determined. All of the cultures were capable of decomposing the hydroperoxides. The activity of microorganisms on the monocarbonyl content of the rancid fat was quite varied and could be divided into: 1) microorganisms which produced large increases in at least two monocarbonyl classes; 2) microorganisms which removed 2,4-dienals; 3) microorganisms which removed 2,4-dienals and 2-enals, and 4) microorganisms which caused decreases in at least two classes of monocarbonyb (without destroying completely any class). Two microorganisms produced methyl ketones, a monocarbonyl class which does not appear in rancid lard. There appeared to be a relationship between the ability to decompose peroxides strongly and the ability to produce a great increase in the monocarbonyl content. There apparently is no relationship between the ability to decompose peroxides and lipolytic activity. The possible importance of microorganisms in controlling hydroperoxides and monocarbonyls in fats is discussed.
Total Coverage of Multiple and Adjacent Denuded Root Surfaces with a Free Gingival Autograft: A Case Report

A case report is presented dealing with the utilization of a free gingival autograft for the correction of gingival recession, inadequate attached gingiva, and shallow vestibular depth associated with six lower anterior teeth. A technique is described which the author believes is responsible for the successful "take" of the graft to the six vascular root surfaces.
Stimulation of ACTH secretion by indomethacin and reversal by exogenous prostaglandins.

Abstract The prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, has been found to enhance adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion upon injection directly into the anterior pituitary at a dose that is ineffective intravenously. Such stimulation was observed in combination with, and in the absence of, stimulation by a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) preparation. It was reversed to varying degrees by replacing certain PGs exogenously. It is suggested that endogenous PGs in the anterior pituitary participate in the modulation of the sensitivity of this gland to the hypothalamic neurohormone, CRF.
694 EFFECTS OF FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF CHRONICALLY ILL CHILDREN AND THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT

The extent to which children's psychological adjustment is effected by the presence of chronic illness is a subject of much controversy. Data obtained upon entry to a study of children with chronic illness show that among the 81 children ≥ 5 years there is little relationship between adjustment and some traditional morbidity measures such as days hospitalized and days in bed. There is, however, a relationship between the child's functional status (FS) and psychological adjustment (PA). While this relationship is not dramatic for the sample as a whole (tau-b=.23), it varies from moderately strong to nonexistent among subgroups defined by social, family, and demographic characteristics. A characteristic such as the family composition alters the relationship between FS and PA from tau-b=.89 for mothers and another adult to tau-b=.03 where both parents are present in the home. The relationship between FS and PA is minimal where the mothers or fathers are at least high school graduates, or when the mother is presently employed, or has social supports in her life. These variables may be important buffers of the impact of illness on the child's adjustment. Such interactional effects may help to explain current controversies over the existence and importance of the relationship between the child's chronic condition and adjustment.
Copper(II) complexes of methamphetamine and N-methylphenethylamine

Abstract New copper(II) chloride (bromide) complexes with dl-methamphetamine, d-methamphetamine and N-methylphenethylamine are reported. These have been examined by IR and electronic spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, DTA, and solution molar conductance experiments. The spectral data are discussed in terms of molecular geometries which, in several cases have been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.
Model updating and prognosis of acoustic emission data in compact test specimens under cyclic loading

Acoustic emission (AE) is generated when cracks develop and it is used as an indicator of the current state of damage in structural elements. Algorithms that use AE data to predict the state of a structural element are still in their research stages because the relationship between crack length and AE activity is not well understood. The process of trying to predict the future stage of a crack based on AE data is usually performed by an expert, and requires significant experience. This paper proposes a new strategy for the use of AE data for structural prognosis. A probabilistic model is used to predict AE data. An expert can analyze this data to draw conclusions about the health of the structural member. The goal is to aid the analyst by providing an estimation of the AE activity in the future. The methodology provides the cumulative signal strength at a future number of cycles, assuming the loading and boundary conditions hold. The methodology uses a relationship between the rate of change of the cumulative absolute energy of the AE with respect to the number of cycles and the stress intensity range. A third order polynomial equation that describes the stress intensity range as function of the AE data is proposed. The variables to be updated are treated as random and their joint probability distribution is computed using Bayesian inference. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to forecast the cumulative signal strength at some number of cycles in the future. The methodology is tested using a compact test specimen tested in structures lab at the University of South Carolina.
RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN MICE GENETICALLY SELECTED FOR HIGH, MEDIUM AND LOW BRAIN WEIGHTS

The purpose of the present experiment was to establish some behavioral data for 3 selected lines of SUNY/Het mice. The exploratory response and number of defecations in a novelty box were examined ...
Unbundling of transmission and ancillary services. I. Technical issues

This paper presents derivations of basic formulae for computing the contributions of each economic transaction to the network power flows throughout the system in steady-state operation of interconnected electric power systems. It is shown that the net system power imbalance caused by each transaction can be obtained as a function of all transactions present on the system. In addition, formulae are proposed for calculating the contributions of every ancillary generation unit to each transaction. This generation is needed to balance the system in response to economic transactions. Formulae supporting this are based on reformulating the load flow problem in terms of distributed slack bus.
Ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning enhance postischaemic recovery of function in the rat heart

Objective: The aims were (1) to determine whether ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning enhance recovery of left ventricular function after global ischaemia in the rat, and (2) to evaluate the effects of selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonists on ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning. Methods: Isolated rat hearts, perfused at constant pressure, were subjected to 30 min ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion. Control hearts were compared to hearts preconditioned with 5 min ischaemia in the presence or absence of the adenosine A1 antagonist AI433U (10 μM), and hearts preconditioned with 5 min hypoxia in the presence or absence of the adenosine A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-l,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 5 μM). Recovery of left ventricular function was assessed by percent recovery of preischaemic rate-pressure product. Results: Control hearts recovered 64(SEM 4)% of preischaemic rate-pressure product after 30 min reperfusion, whereas ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioned hearts recovered 86(3)% and 94(5)%, respectively (p<0.05 v control). Despite enhanced recovery of postischaemic ventricular function, ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning reduced the time to onset of ischaemic contracture from a control value of 12.6(0.6) min to 9.3(0.7) and 9.0(0.6) min, respectively (p<0.05). Neither adenosine receptor antagonist blocked preconditioning. Ischaemic preconditioned hearts recovered 80(5)% of preischaemic function in the presence of AI433U, and hypoxic preconditioned hearts in the presence of DPCPX recovered 85(4)%. Conclusions: Ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning enhance recovery of function following global ischaemia in the rat. The observations that adenosine receptor antagonists do not block the salutary effects of ischaemic or hypoxic preconditioning suggest that adenosine is not the sole mediator of preconditioning. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27 :565-570
Structural Transitions Of a Helicase-Partial Duplex DNA Complex during ATP Hydrolysis Cycle

Helicases are ATP-dependent enzymes that use the structural changes induced by ATP binding, hydrolysis and release to unwind double stranded nucleic acids. We have studied the structural transitions of partial duplex DNA bound E-coli Rep helicase monomer by in vitro single molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) methodology. Constrained triangulation procedures were applied globally on FRET measurements from eight Rep mutants, donor labeled at different residues, and three DNA substrates, acceptor labeled at different nucleotides on duplex, to study these conformational states. A total of 96 different measurements were performed and used in the triangulation analysis. Such over-sampling reduces the likelihood of a single site with unusual photophysical properties to negatively impact the results. Our results show that binding of ATPγS to Rep induces a large conformational change which is then reversed in two approximately equal steps during ATP dephosphorylation (ATP to ADP.Pi transition) and ADP release. We do not observe a significant conformational change upon phosphate release (ADP.Pi to ADP transition). The large conformational change upon ATPγS binding is consistent with the rotation of the Rep domains in a direction that brings them closer to the duplex. In addition, we show that Rep has a preference to bind to ssDNA/dsDNA junction compared to the other sites along the ssDNA. Finally, we show that Rep remains in the closed conformation during all ATP hydrolysis intermediates when bound to the vicinity of ssDNA/dsDNA junction. Our studies not only reveal the structural transitions of Rep helicase-partial duplex DNA complex during ATP hydrolysis cycle but also demonstrate the potential of triangulation analysis as a versatile single molecule technique for probing structural information in physiological conditions.
Legless locomotion: models and experimental demonstration

We show through experiment and simulation that a high-centered round-bodied legged robot can locomote by generating out-of-phase motions of reaction masses attached to its legs. These leg motions create body attitude oscillations which, when coupled with the slip-free contact constraints, locomote the robot. By varying the mean position of the leg oscillations, the robot can move in different directions in the plane. We also present some simplified models, where body attitude dynamics and contact kinematics are decoupled, to explain this form of legless locomotion.
The Asian American Psychological Association Parallels and Intersections With Counseling Psychology

This article provides an overview of the Asian American Psychological Association (AAPA). A brief history is provided, followed by current status and resources, connections to counseling psychology, and implications for the Society of Counseling Psychology and for the future of the AAPA. AAPA was created in 1972 in response to psychology’s neglect of practice and research concerns within Asian American communities and the emergence of “Asian Americans” as a political and personal identity rooted in the shared experiences of different Asian ethnic groups. Since then, the association has been at the forefront of advancing Asian American psychology and the interests of Asian American psychologists. AAPA ties with counseling psychology can be evidenced by significant overlap of professional values and goals and leading counseling psychologists actively involved in both AAPA and Division 17. The article discusses some of the existing resources within AAPA and points out existing collaborations and ideas for fu...
Effects of UV treatment on the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway for phenolics and L-DOPA synthesis in dark germinated Vicia faba

Abstract Fava beans ( Vicia faba ) have a high phenolic content. Antioxidant properties of phenolics are extensively studied for their ability to inhibit lipid oxidation in food and for improved health. This legume has the potential to be an effective dietary source of polyphenolics for health. The rationale behind this study was to observe the stimulation of nutraceutically relevant phenolic metabolites when germinating fava beans are exposed to ultra violet (UV) and the potential role of the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Studies have shown phenolic phytochemicals can be stimulated with UV light. The objective was to over-express the PPP through the regulation of the key enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), for enhanced phenolics and L-DOPA production and investigate the link to proline metabolism. Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity was monitored to understand the extent to which the UV-stimulated phenolics could be converted to polymeric phenols. L-DOPA is the precursor of dopamine (DA), the neuromodulator and used for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Seeds of fava beans were pretreated in water, exposed to 5, 10 and 15 h UV light and germinated for 8 days in dark. Total phenolics, proline levels and enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically. L-DOPA was measured by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 15 h UV treatment stimulated L-DOPA on day 1, which reduced over next 8 days of germination. Antioxidant activity of the total phenolic acids was determined by inhibition of the β-carotene oxidation and there was stimulation of antioxidant activity in response to 10 h UV treatment on day 2. Total phenolic content increased 10-fold after 15 h UV light exposure on day 6 along with the highest activity of G6PDH. All treatments stimulated GPX activity indicating polymerization of free phenolics in the late stage of germination. Proline levels were also stimulated in response to all treatments. The stimulation of proline concurrent with stimulation of G6PDH and total phenolics in response to 15 h UV indicates a role of proline-linked PPP. Results indicate an increase in nutraceutically-relevant phenolic metabolites along with enhanced antioxidant activity in response to UV stress. This novel approach provides a mechanism to understand and enhance biosynthesis of important phenolic compounds in plant and legume systems for use in nutraceutical applications.
Deformation transfer for triangle meshes

Deformation transfer applies the deformation exhibited by a source triangle mesh onto a different target triangle mesh. Our approach is general and does not require the source and target to share the same number of vertices or triangles, or to have identical connectivity. The user builds a correspondence map between the triangles of the source and those of the target by specifying a small set of vertex markers. Deformation transfer computes the set of transformations induced by the deformation of the source mesh, maps the transformations through the correspondence from the source to the target, and solves an optimization problem to consistently apply the transformations to the target shape. The resulting system of linear equations can be factored once, after which transferring a new deformation to the target mesh requires only a backsubstitution step. Global properties such as foot placement can be achieved by constraining vertex positions. We demonstrate our method by retargeting full body key poses, applying scanned facial deformations onto a digital character, and remapping rigid and non-rigid animation sequences from one mesh onto another.