cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A dimensional understanding of borderline personality features in adolescence: The relationship between the MMPI-A PSY-5 scales and PAI-A borderline features

Abstract We explored the relationship between dimensions of the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5; Harkness & McNulty, 1994) of the Adolescent Version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-A; Butcher et al., 1992) and borderline personality features as measured by the adolescent version of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI-A; Morey, 2007) in a sample of 606 adolescents from an inpatient setting. Multiple regression analysis indicated that a combination of Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality, Disconstraint, Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality and Aggressiveness accounted for 54% of the variance in the PAI-A Borderline Features Scale. Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality emerged as the strongest predictor. Although females demonstrated higher mean scores across all PAI-A Borderline Scales, multivariate multiple regression within the path analysis framework revealed no marked gender differences in the relationships between PSY-5 predictors and borderline features. The combination of Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality and Aggressiveness was most strongly predictive of affective instability, identity problems and negative relations. Self-harm was best predicted by a combination of Disconstraint, Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality and Aggressiveness.
Fluorescence Probes Unravel Asymmetric Structure of Membranes

In the past decade fluorescence probe molecules have become increasingly useful in unraveling the asymmetric distribution of proteins, lipids, and sterols in biological membranes. The intrinsic sensitivity and the ability to discriminate between extremely short-lived membrane events provide fluorescence methodology with distinct advantages over NMR, ESR, X-ray scattering, infrared spectroscopy, calorimetry, and optical rotary dispersion-circular dichroism (Badley, 1976). Advances in fluorescence microscopy such as fluorescence photobleaching recovery (Peters et al., 1974; Edidin and Fambrough, 1973; Axelrod et al., 1976), fluorescence lifetime determination by phase and modulation or by photon counting (Ware, 1971; Weber, 1981; Isenberg, 1975), and computer-centered spectrofluorimetry (Holland et al., 1973, 1977; Christman et al., 1980, 1981; Wampler, 1976) have greatly enhanced the utility of fluorescence probe molecules in determination of biological membrane asymmetry. An evaluation of the asymmetric structure of membranes requires recognition of two possible asymmetric distributions of components either in the plane of the membrane (lateral, horizontal) or normal to the plane (transbilayer, vertical). Both of these asymmetric aspects of membrane structure may have important physiological consequences as detailed herein.
Physical Maltreatment of Children

In order to understand physical maltreatment of children one must look first at the historical perspective. Violent abuse and physical neglect has been performed upon children since the beginning of recorded time.
Final Stage Processes: Microstructural Coarsening

As liquid phase sintering progresses, densification slows while micro-structural coarsening continues. The maximum density attained in the final stage is highly dependent on the characteristics of the pores and any internal gases trapped in the pores. Futhermore, the skeletal microstructure typical to the final stage provides rigidity to the compact, and thereby inhibits pore elimination. The typical compact has already begun to exhibit considerable grain growth by the onset of the final stage. With continued sintering, the grain size further enlarges by a process of solution-reprecipitation. During grain growth there are simultaneous changes in the grain size distribution, pore size, intergranular neck size, grain-matrix interfacial area, number of solid grains, and mean grain separation.
FUEL CELLS – SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS | Cell Interconnection

To build up a useful voltage, a number of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrically connected in series in a stack via interconnects. In addition to functioning as bipolar plates, the interconnects also act as separator plates, physically separating the fuel in the anode from the air or oxygen in the cathode, and at the same time help maintain the structural integrity of the SOFC stack. Depending on the stack operating temperature, both ceramic and metallic materials are used to construct interconnects. Owing to their high-temperature stability, ceramic materials, typically chromites, are used for stacks operating at higher SOFC temperatures of 900–1000 °C. However, at operating temperatures in an intermediate range of 650–800 °C, metallic materials, e.g., high-temperature oxidation-resistant metals/alloys, are preferred to ceramic materials. This article provides a comprehensive review of interconnects, made from both ceramics and metallic alloys, with a focus on recent progress in materials development, as well as on advances in understanding materials degradation and interfacial phenomena under SOFC operating conditions.
Diversity, Democracy, and Documentation: A Self-Study Path to Sharing Social Realities and Challenges in a Field-Based Social Studies Curriculum Methods Course

In the United States, the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) defines social studies as a discipline that prepares students to become active participants in democracy. Given the diversity within the United States, ensuring that diversity issues are explored within elementary social studies curriculum methods courses is crucial to this endeavor. The design and placement of diversity-oriented teaching experiences and content for preservice teachers can be challenging for teacher educators and capturing teachable moments related to diversity and social studies is even more difficult. Drawing from Guðjonsdottir’s (2006) work helping preservice teachers focus on diversity and inclusion, I decided to use Praxis Inquiry (PI) and the Praxis Inquiry Protocol (PIP) form as part of a self-study effort designed to hone my skills for bringing issues of diversity and democracy to the forefront in the context of the social studies curriculum methods course.
Dependence of the surface-assisted fullerene-based complex structure on the template molecule design

Fullerene derivatives as a kind of star carbon materials have received intense investigation because of their three-dimensional shape, anisotropic electron mobility, and high electron affinity. Indeed, the cutting-edge developments of fullerene nanomaterials have had a tremendous impact on a wide range of applications, such as organic solar cells, field effect transistors, and photodetectors. To explore their full potential applications, research into fullerene-based multilevel nanostructures relying on hierarchical interactions from bottom to top is rapidly expanding. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to prepare multilevel fullerene nanostructures with structural and properties controlled by optimizing the influencing factors. This review would offer several aspects including the chemical structures of organic molecules and the nanostructures of the organic molecules and fullerene-organic complexes. Whether monolayers or multilayers, fullerene molecules tend to fall into a space of suitable size, in which the located positions are affected by the intermolecular interactions. For the covered surfaces, fullerenes are more likely to approach the electron-withdrawing units through the donor–acceptor and charge transfer interaction. Through the implementation of this review, an exhaustive analysis on the chemical modification, including the molecular backbone and substituents, preformed network synergies, and adsorption sites is presented. In addition, the relationship between the molecules and structures that illustrates the importance of the molecular design for the controlled fullerenes hybrid nanostructures can be further understood based on the results of the joined experimental and computational investigations.
Inhibition of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells with Novel Wnt Antagonists.

Introduction A growing proportion of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients show evidence of disease progression. Recent research suggests that leukemia stem cells (LSC) that share phenotypic characteristics with granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP) are involved in CML progression. These LSC have aberrantly gained self-renewal capacity as a result of enhanced Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. We assayed the capacity of novel Wnt/beta-catenin antagonists to inhibit CML LSC. Methods To assay the efficacy of a novel Wnt inhibitor, MC-001, HEK293 cells were transfected with a Wnt-dependent reporter gene and expression plasmid for Dsh. After 16h, the cells were treated for 24 h with MCC-001, a novel marine sponge derived inhibitor, at varying concentrations and the reporter gene activity was measured. All cells were also transfected with a b-gal reporter gene to control for transfection efficiency. To assess the effects of MCC-001 and other Wnt inhibitors on Wnt/beta-catenin induced self-renewal, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), GMP and lineage positive cells from normal (n=8) and advanced phase CML (n=8) peripheral blood and marrow (n=8) were clone sorted with the aid of a FACS Aria into methocult media (Stem Cell Technologies) with or without Wnt inhibitors including recombinant Dkk1, lentiviral axin or MCC-001. On day 10, individual colonies were plucked and replated in new methylcellulose and the replating efficiency determined at day 10. To establish an in vivo CML LSC model, HSC, GMP and lineage positive cells were transduced with a lentiviral luciferase GFP for 48 hours and transplanted intrahepatically into newborn immunocompromised mice (RAG2−/−gamma−/−) mice that facilitate high levels of human hematopoietic progenitor engraftment. Results The HEK293 beta-catenin reporter assay revealed that the MC-001 IC50 was 2.1 microM. In comparative Wnt inhibitor replating assays (n=8), recombinant Dkk1 did not inhibit CML HSC (n=8) while lentiviral axin and MCC-001 (at 2 and 10 microM) inhibited both CML HSC and CML GMP at doses that spared normal HSC replating (Figure 1). Transplantation of CML HSC, GMP and lineage positive cells into RAG2−/−gamma−/− mice demonstrated that only CML GMP provided serial transplantation potential and thus, were enriched for the LSC population (Figure 2). Conclusions Selective Wnt/beta-catenin inhibition with a marine sponge derived beta-catenin antagonist, MCC-001, blocks in vitro replating capacity of CML LSC at doses that spare normal HSC. Current experiments focus on in vivo inhibition of LSC self-renewal with novel Wnt inhibitors in a robust CML LSC bioluminescent imaging model (Figure 2). ![ Figure 1. ][1] Figure 1. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cell Inhibition with MCC-001: A novel β-catenin Inhibitor ![ Figure 2. ][1] Figure 2. Bioluminescent Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cell Transplantation Model. [1]: pending:yes
Dysregulated NO/PDE5 signaling in the sickle cell mouse lower urinary tract: Reversal by oral nitrate therapy.

Abstract Aims Nitric oxide (NO) has a critical, but not well understood, influence in the physiology of the lower urinary tract. We evaluated the effect of NO/phosphodiesterase (PDE)5 signaling in voiding dysfunction in the sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse, characterized by low NO bioavailability. Main methods Adult SCD (Sickle) and wild-type (WT) male mice were treated daily with sodium nitrate (10 mM) or vehicle. After 18 days, blood was obtained for nitrite measurement, urethra was collected for organ bath study, and bladder and urethra were collected for Western blot analysis of PDE5 phosphorylation (Ser-92) (activated form). Non-anesthetized mice underwent evaluation of urine volume by void spot assay. eNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1177) and nNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1412) (positive regulatory sites) were evaluated in the bladder and urethra of untreated mice. Key findings Sickle mice exhibited decreased eNOS, nNOS, and PDE5 phosphorylation in the bladder and urethra, decreased plasma nitrite levels, increased relaxation of phenylephrine-contracted urethral tissue to an NO donor sodium nitroprusside, and increased total urine volume, compared with WT mice. Nitrate treatment normalized plasma nitrite levels, relaxation of urethra to sodium nitroprusside, PDE5 phosphorylation in the urethra and bladder, and urine volume in Sickle mice. Significance Derangement in PDE5 activity associated with basally low NO bioavailability in the bladder and urethra contributes to the molecular basis for voiding abnormalities in Sickle mice. Inorganic nitrate supplementation normalized voiding in Sickle mice through mechanisms likely involving upregulation of PDE5 activity. These findings suggest that interventions targeting dysregulatory NO/PDE5 signaling may ameliorate overactive bladder in SCD.
The Days of the Cornea Subspecialty: In the Beginning

In the late 1950s, Charles Schepens invited Claes Dohlman to work in his new Retina Foundation. Ophthalmic subspecialty training programs were nonexistent at the time.
The impact of a view from a window on thermal comfort, emotion, and cognitive performance

Abstract Visual connection to nature has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on attention restoration, stress reduction, and overall health and well-being. Inside buildings, windows are the primary means of providing a connection to the outdoors, and nature views even through a window may have similar effects on the occupants. Given that humans recognize environments through multi-sensory integration, a window view may also affect occupants’ thermal perception. We assessed the influence of having a window with a view on thermal and emotional responses as well as on cognitive performance. We conducted a randomized crossover laboratory experiment with 86 participants, in spaces with and without windows. The chamber kept the air and window surface temperature at 28 °C, a slightly warm condition. The outcome measures consisted of subjective evaluations (e.g., thermal perception, emotion), skin temperature measurements and cognitive performance tests. In the space with versus without windows, the thermal sensation was significantly cooler (0.3 thermal sensation vote; equivalent to 0.74 °C lower), and 12% more participants were thermally comfortable. Positive emotions (e.g., happy, satisfied) were higher and negative emotions (e.g., sad, drowsy) were lower for the participants in the window versus the windowless condition. Working memory and the ability to concentrate were higher for participants in the space with versus without windows, but there were no significant differences in short-term memory, planning, and creativity performance. Considering the multiple effects of window access, providing a window with a view in a workplace is important for the comfort, emotion, and working memory and concentration of occupants.
RID: Deduplicating Snapshot Computations

One can audit SQL applications by running SQL programs over sequences of persistent snapshots, but care is needed to avoid wasteful duplicate computation. This paper describes the design, implementation, and performance of RID, the first language-independent optimization framework that eliminates duplicate computations in SQL programs running over low-level snapshots by exploiting snapshot metadata efficiently.
Longitudinal associations between civic engagement and interpersonal needs during the 2018 US midterm elections

Civic engagement is thought to enhance personal well-being, yet little research has examined links between civic engagement, burdensomeness, and belongingness during periods of heightened civic act...
Intimate Violence and Pastoral Care in the Korean American Community

National surveys and social scientific studies demonstrate higher rates of intimate violence among Korean American immigrants than other ethnic groups. Research also indicates that most victims hardly seek help, and if they ever do, they primarily resort to their churches. In this chapter the author asks a two-fold fundamental question: What causes and perpetuates intimate violence among Korean Americans, and how can the church facilitate a theological vision of redeemed dignity and embraced vulnerability? In order to answer the question, the author analyzes the multilayered reality of intimate violence in the Korean American community, particularly focusing on its cultural and theological assumptions embedded in the clergy perceptions and pastoral practices. She then develops a communal and transformative model of pastoral care based on imago Dei.
A New Scheme of Redundant Timing Crosschecking for Front-End Systems

In high-energy physics experiments, front-end (FE) digitization modules are usually driven by a common clock. At the front-end electronics and digitization modules of the detector, a precise timing reference must be established in order to make a useful timing measurement. It would be very useful for the front-end digitization system to include a feature of redundant timing crosschecking. The inspiration for the timing crosschecking scheme came from the long-abandoned analog mean-timer schemes. In this scheme, several Front-end modules are connected together through a cable set with taps connected to the digitization modules. Pulses are driven from every FE module alternately without overlapping. The arrival times of pulses sent from FE modules are digitized at the timing crosschecking module. The mean times will change as temperature changes, but the difference between the two FE modules is canceled mathematically. This feature enables the easy achievement of good timing precision without the need for complex hardware.
Nrf2 for cardiac protection: pharmacological options against oxidative stress.

Myocardial ischemia or reperfusion increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from damaged mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and inflammation. ROS can be removed by eight endogenous antioxidant and redox systems, many components of which are expressed under the influence of the activated Nrf2 transcription factor. Transcriptomic profiling, sequencing of Nrf2-bound DNA, and Nrf2 gene knockout studies have revealed the power of Nrf2 beyond the antioxidant and detoxification response, from tissue recovery, repair, and remodeling, mitochondrial turnover, and metabolic reprogramming to the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. Multifaceted regulatory mechanisms for Nrf2 protein levels or activity have been mapped to its functional domains, Nrf2-ECH homology (Neh)1–7. Oxidative stress activates Nrf2 via nuclear translocation, de novo protein translation, and increased protein stability due to removal of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) checkpoint, or the inactivation of β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), or Hmg-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1). The promise of small-molecule Nrf2 inducers from natural products or derivatives is discussed here. Experimental evidence is presented to support Nrf2 as a lead target for drug development to further improve the treatment outcome for myocardial infarction (MI).
Building toward useful SARS-CoV-2 models in Africa.

In early 2020, the trajectory of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the African continent was much discussed. Slow growth in mortality even prompted speculation that the continent might be “spared” as a result of an overall younger population, effective government responses (1), or perhaps even protection via cross-immunity from other coronaviruses. In 2021, it is increasingly clear that significant and disruptive morbidity and mortality have occurred in at least some settings, and novel variants are of increasing concern. However, it is also clear that understanding the trajectory of the pandemic on the continent requires recognizing vast variation in factors that could shape how bad the infection will be for people who are infected, but also how fast the virus will spread (2). Ssentongo et al. (3) tackle this question using statistical models to model case trajectories across the African continent (Fig. 1 A ), providing week-ahead forecasts of case numbers. Fig. 1. Modeling the pandemic on the African continent. ( A ) Time series of cases (black, left axis) and stringency measures (blue, right axis) from exemplar countries (plot titles, and see map, also indicating 2020 population density, from https://www.worldpop.org/). In late June 2021, Uganda, Zambia, and South Africa are experiencing rapid case acceleration. ( B ) Schematic of cases ( y axis, filled points) over time ( x axis) illustrating the distinction between forecasting ( Top ), as in Ssentongo et al., where the aim is to forecast the number of cases expected over a chosen time horizon (red arrows show three different forecasts) vs. scenario analysis ( Bottom ), where a mechanistic model is fit to the data, and then the number of cases expected under different control efforts or policies are projected forward by changing the inputs of the model to explore these counterfactuals (here, the schematic illustrates expectations where nothing is done [“null”], or vaccination … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: cmetcalf{at}princeton.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Efficient Evaluation of Exponential and Gaussian Functions on a Quantum Computer

The exponential and Gaussian functions are among the most fundamental and important operations, appearing ubiquitously throughout all areas of science, engineering, and mathematics. Whereas formally, it is well-known that any function may in principle be realized on a quantum computer, in practice present-day algorithms tend to be very expensive. In this work, we present algorithms for evaluating exponential and Gaussian functions efficiently on quantum computers. The implementations require a (generally) small number of multiplications, which represent the overall computational bottleneck. For a specific, realistic NISQ application, the Toffoli count of the exponential function is found to be reduced from 15,690 down to 912, when compared against a state-of-the art competing method by H\"aner and coworkers [arXiv:1805.12445], under the most favorable conditions for each method. For the corresponding Gaussian function comparison, the Toffoli count is reduced from 19,090 down to 704. Space requirements are also quite modest, to the extent that the aforementioned NISQ application can be implemented with as few as 71 logical qubits. More generally, the methods presented here could also be equally well applied in a fault-tolerant context, using error-corrected multiplications, etc.
Production of L-threonine by auxotrophic mutants of Escherichia coli.

Abstract Two auxotrophic mutants of Escherichia coli have been shown to accumulate significant amounts of l-threonine in the culture medium. One mutant, 13071, is deficient in α,e-diaminopimelic acid (DAP), and the other, 13070, is deficient in both DAP and methionine. Accumulation of l-threonine by 13071 in a synthetic medium with mannitol as the carbon source at 37 C incubation temperature was greatly influenced by initial DAP concentration. At an optimal level of DAP a yield of 1.5 g/liter l-threonine was obtained in 28 hr. l-Threonine accumulation by 13070 with sorbitol as the carbon source at 28 C incubation temperature was dependent upon the initial concentration of both DAP and methionine. At optimal levels of the two deficient amino acids, a yield of 2.0 g/liter l-threonine was obtained in 44 to 48 hr. By adding to the medium suitable quantities of beet molasses or sucrose supplemented with corn steep liquor the yield could be raised to almost 4 g/liter. l-Threonine of extremely high purity was isolated from fermentation broth from both mutants. The product was not contaminated with any detectable amounts of d-threonine or allothreonine.
A cytokinetic model for heterogeneous mammalian cell populations. I. Cell growth and cell death.

Abstract A general model is proposed for describing the growth behavior of mammalian cell populations, which features:(a) a cell cycle time distribution function with properties such that mean and variance increase with increasing population size; (b) maturation age and maturation rate functions which constrain the maturational pathways of individual cells; and (c) a death rate function, where cell death is construed as irreparable damage to a cell's reproductive apparatus. The biological implications of the model are discussed, and methods for relating the model to real cell systems by means of commonly used experimental techniques are described. The model is compared with earlier models.
Serial In Vitro Marrow Culture in Acute Myelocytic Leukemia

The in vitro granulocyte colony-forming ability of bone marrow from 19 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was studied at the time of initial diagnosis and serially. Initially 18 of the 19 patients grew scant numbers of colonies, one produced large numbers of colonies. When clinical remission was attained and leukemic blasts in the marrow were reduced to
Painlevé Transcendents and Scaling Functions of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model

In this lecture I should like to report on the work I have done in collaboration with Barry McCoy and Tai Tsun Wu (and on certain aspects with Eytan Barouch)on the correlation functions of the two-dimensional Ising model. In particular, I wish to demonstrate how a particular solution of the two-dimensional hyperbolic sine-Gordon equation (also known as the two-dimensional nonlinear Debye-Huckel equation), $$\Delta\Phi=\,\sinh\Phi,\,\,(r\,>\,0),$$ (1.1) plays a fundamental role in the scaled two-point function in both the one-phase and two-phase regions. Before I discuss these results, I would like first to review the definition of the 2-d. Ising model1)-4)and related quantities (Section 2); and then briefly recall the scaling theory hypothesis5)-7)for correlation functions (Section 3).
The impact of health literacy on involvement and attitude toward pharmaceutical print ads

AbstractPurpose: This article investigates the level of health literacy on consumers' attitude and involvement toward Direct-to-Consumer pharmaceutical ads.Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted the newest vital sign (NVS) test as a measure for health literacy. Sixty-one college students first took the NVS test measuring their literacy level, then were exposed to a hypothetical print ad for prescription allergy medication and finally completed a questionnaire measuring their attitude, involvement and evaluation toward the ad.Findings: Participations in the higher health literacy were not involved with the ad and therefore not interested in the allergy medication. They showed negative attitude toward pharmaceutical ads. The higher the literacy, the more they agree with that pharmaceutical companies should not advertise to the general public. Results also indicate significant positive correlations between health literacy and evaluations of ads. The more literature the consumer, the more cognitively...
Rotor-mounted scanners for hydroelectric generators

A distributed array of sensors mounted between poles on the rotor of an operating salient-pole hydrogenerator continuously provides the powerhouse control room with position-resolved, noncontact surveillance of both the stator core and the end turns. As the rotor spins, the sensors scan the stator for various symptoms of distress, including infrared, acoustic, and RFI (radio-frequency interference) emissions, which are sensitive indicators of hot spots, corona and/or partial discharges, and loose coils and/or wedges. The installation of the rotor-mounted scanner (RMS) greatly reduces the chances of forced outages resulting from catastrophic generator failure. As a diagnostic system, the RMS enables the utility to make realistic decisions relative to corrective actions, such as reducing machine load or scheduling a repair outage that has minimum impact on the economic dispatch of system generation. The RMS is described in detail along with a reliability verification. >
Frames and Narratives as Tools for Recruiting and Sustaining Group Members: The Soulforce Equality Ride as a Social Movement Organization*

Structuring collective action, given diverse human thoughts, feelings, and behavior, is an arduous task. This article examines one way collective action can be facilitated by analyzing how social movement organizations (SMOs) use narratives as a key resource for recruiting members and sustaining participation. Data for this analysis were collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with 34 participants of the Soulforce Equality Ride (ER), a cross-country bus journey—modeled after the Freedom Ride of the Civil Rights Movement—that toured 18 schools that ban the enrollment of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender students. Findings indicate that the ER recruited participants, maintained commitment to the group and its cause, and met organizational goals by (1) crafting a frame that successfully taps into potential members’ existing emotions, ideologies, and experiences; (2) aligning these individual experiences with group messages and meanings via narratives; and (3) creating positive feelings for members. In doing so, SMOs can construct cognitive and emotional links between the individual and the SMO, thereby promoting group goals.
Increasing adoption of computerized provider order entry, and persistent regional disparities, in US emergency departments.

Study objective The US government provides financial incentives for "meaningful use" of health information technology, including computerized provider order entry. We assess prevalence of emergency department (ED) computerized provider order entry in 4 states, identify characteristics predicting computerized provider order entry adoption, and assess adoption in 1 state over time, all before incentive programs. Methods We surveyed all nonfederal EDs in Massachusetts, Colorado, Georgia, and Oregon, assessing health information technology prevalence in 2008, focusing on computerized provider order entry, an enabler of other health information technology and a key element in itself. We use multivariable logistic regression to evaluate predictors of adoption. We compared the Massachusetts data with data from a similar survey we conducted for Massachusetts in 2005, using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the change in rate. Results We identified and surveyed 351 EDs, and 290 (83%) responded to the computerized provider order entry module. Of these, 30% had adopted computerized provider order entry. Odds of computerized provider order entry in rural EDs were 0.07 relative to urban (95% CI 0.01 to 0.39). Oregon EDs had a higher likelihood of computerized provider order entry adoption than Georgia EDs, the state with the lowest adoption (odds ratio 2.9; 95% CI 1.2 to 7.3). In 2005, 15% of Massachusetts EDs reported computerized provider order entry versus 44% in 2008 (29% difference; 95% CI 26% to 32%). Conclusion Health information technology adoption varies by state and urbanicity, with less computerized provider order entry in rural EDs. ED computerized provider order entry adoption nearly tripled in Massachusetts from 2005 to 2008, before any financial inducements. Federal resources might be more effective if they helped providers select health information technology tools, improve health information technology design, and evaluate its influence on care delivery, versus simply calling for "more".
Leisure Time Physical Activity in Relation to Depressive Symptoms in the Black Women's Health Study

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that physical activity might reduce the risk of depressive symptoms, but there are limited data on Black women.Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the association between leisure time physical activity and depressive symptoms in U.S. Black women.Methods: Participants included 35,224 women ages 21 to 69 from the BlackWomen’s Health Study, a follow-up study of African American women in which data are collected biennially by mail questionnaire.Women answered questions on past and current exercise levels at baseline (1995) and follow-up (1997). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms in 1999. Women who reported a diagnosis of depression before 1999 were excluded. We used multivariate logistic regression models to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for physical activity in relation to depressive symptoms (CES-D score <= 16) with control for potential confounders.Results: Adult vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with depressive symptoms. Women who reported vigorous exercise both in high school (<= 5 hr per week) and adulthood (<= 2 hr per week) had the lowest odds of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.71−0.82) relative to never active women; the OR was 0.90 for women who were active in high school but not adulthood (95% CI = 0.85-0.96) and 0.83 for women who were inactive in high school but became active in adulthood (95% CI = 0.77-0.91). Although walking for exercise was not associated with risk of depressive symptoms overall, there was evidence of a weak inverse relation among obese women (Body Mass Index <= 30).Conclusions: Leisure time vigorous physical activity was associated with a reduced odds of depressive symptoms in U.S. Black women.
An Evaluation of Commercially Available Plastic Handled Knife Handles

Recently considerable attention has been paid to hand tool design which has been caused by a near epidemic level of cases of carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, tenosynovitis, and de Quervain's disease. Workers who use knives in meat packing are particularly susceptible to these occupational diseases. Five brands of meat packing knives with plastic handles were tested using a battery of 11 tests. These tests evaluated force capabilities using each of the knives. In addition, a standard cylindrical handle was tested as a control. The results indicated that the different handles performed differently depending upon the cutting orientation. This indicates that one handle cannot be chosen for all meat packing jobs. One handle, however, when evaluated using the ranks on all 11 tests is shown to be superior to the others tested.
The effects of hyperglycemia on the directed migration of wounded endothelial cell monolayers.

Abstract To determine if cellular motility is affected by abnormal concentrations of ambient glucose, we utilized an endothelial cell monolayer model of wounding to observe the effect of hyperglycemia on the serum-mediated polarization and migration responses of cells at the edge of the wound. We found that hyperglycemia inhibited the rapid polarization response and the consequent cellular migration induced by 20% fetal bovine serum. The inhibitory effect of glucose was significant at a concentration of 11 mmol/L and became more pronounced at higher glucose concentrations. The effect of hyperglycemia on the two components of cell locomotion differed from the inhibitory action of mannitol, another hyperosmolar agent, in two ways (1) the glucose-induced inhibition persisted in cells reincubated in medium containing physiologic glucose (5.5 mmol/L); and (2) the inhibitory effect of glucose was blocked in cells preincubated in medium containing either the sulfonylurea glyburide, or d - myo -inositol. These observations may be relevant to the pathogenesis and management of accelerated atherosclerosis associated with the diabetic state.
On visibility of carbon dust particles in fusion plasmas with fast framing cameras

The visibility of carbon dust particles in fusion plasmas with fast framing cameras is evaluated using computer and theoretical modelling. Dust heating and ablation in the plasmas, ionization dynamics of the ablation cloud around the dust particle, thermal radiation of the dust and line radiation of the cloud are considered. The minimal size of carbon dust particles visible with the cameras is calculated as a function of the plasma parameters and the distance from the dust to the camera objective. The relative contributions of thermal radiation from the grain and line radiation from the cloud to the total dust radiation are analysed.
Endocardial Electrograms from Pacemaker Catheters

Proper placement of pacemaker catheters can be facilitated by recording endocardial electrograms from the catheters. These electrograms are also helpful in the investigation of pacemaker failure. Endocardial contact is indicated by S-T segment elevation. When bipolar catheters are used, these "contact currents" may be visible in electrograms from the tip or ring electrodes, or both. Right ventricular cavity electrograms are characterized by their high voltage and are influenced by intraventricular conduction defects and acute myocardial infarction. Serial changes have been described indicating myocardial injury, infarction, and healing in the area underlying the catheter tip.
The Scattering of Protons by Protons near 30 Mev, Photographic Method

The scattering of 29.4-Mev protons by hydrogen gas at one atmosphere pressure has been studied with the beam of the Berkeley linear accelerator. The beam, collimated to a diameter of $\frac{1}{16}$ in., passes through the gas and constitutes a line source of scattered protons. The scattering angle of the scattered protons is measured directly in the emulsion of $50\ensuremath{\mu}$ Ilford C-2 emulsions. Measurements of the range of the scattered protons was made on a fraction of the tracks. From range-energy relations established in the magnetic field of the 184-in. cyclotron for the emulsions used, the primary energy of the protons before scattering was found to be 29.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 Mev. Protons were observed in the angular range $10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}l~{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}l~80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$; two independent sets of scattering data in the angular region greater or less than 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} are thus obtained; a valuable internal check on observational errors or background or impurity effects is thus possible. No statistically significant difference in the two regions was observed. 10,934 tracks have been tabulated; this results in the statistical error approximately matching systematic errors such as those due to tolerance of plate geometry, observational error, etc. Cross sections obtained are absolute; the beam is measured by absorption in a Faraday cup and charge integration on a low leakage condenser. The most significant result of these experiments is the apparent absence of expected repulsive $P$ wave and of $D$ wave effects.
Energy Use Profile in Concentrated and Powdered Milk Manufacture

Direct energy requirements in a plant (Plant A) producing evaporated and condensed milk were 508 kcal/kg processed while those in a plant (Plant B) producing condensed and dehydrated milk were 544 kcal. Thermal energy was the major component accounting for about 82% of the direct energy consumed. Consumption of electricity in the plants was less than in fluid milk plants studied earlier. This was due to the absence of refrigerated storage areas. In Plant A, packaging energy was nearly equal to the thermal energy input; steel cans for evaporated milk contributed 87% of the packaging energy. In Plant B, packaging energy was 11 kcal/kg of milk processed. About 14% of the thermal energy consumed was lost into discarded waste streams and hot equipment surfaces. Heat recovery and insulation techniques can reduce the present losses by about 60%.
Judeo‐Christian theology and the environment: moving beyond scepticism to new sources for environmental education in the United States

In the USA, many environmental educators have paid little attention to Western Christian and Jewish ecotheology, in spite of its being a potentially rich resource for environmental education. In part, this neglect can be attributed to popular misconceptions about the influence of religious beliefs on environmental values. This essay reviews the results of relevant empirical studies within the environmental sociology literature since 1977 to clarify common misconceptions. Conclusions from these empirical studies and other sources may make it easier for environmentalists to reconsider the resources of ecotheology. Reconsidering ecotheology is also practical in that it provides environmental education a means of better connecting with the primary values of many citizens, offers new partnership possibilities for building environmental education infrastructure, and broadens the pluralistic base for environmental ethics. Several basic tenets of ecotheology offer starting points for educators by providing common...
Defect-mediated turbulence

Abstract We summarize recent results about a dynamic regime observed in numerical simulations of two-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equations, for which defects are spontaneously created in the system and are responsible for its disorganization.
Protein hormones: detection and extraction of functional fomrs from alkaline polyacrylamide gels

A method is presented for rapidly staining protein zones (30 min) in alakaline polyacrylamide gels in the absence of fixatives. Native functional proteins are recovered in homogeneous form after excision of the visible zones from the polyacrylamide matrix. Removal of dye from excised zones is facilitated because only the surface of the gel is stained. Biological activity is then recovered from the gel slices by simple diffusion. The technique makes use of the sensitivity of Coomassie Brillian Blue G-250 for the detection of protein (< μg). Structural variants of prolactin are isolated and recovered by this method. The method is applicable to studies requiring analytical and semi-preparative electrophoresis of proteins, especially pituitary hormones.
Information inductance and its significance for accounting

Abstract Information inductance is the process whereby the behavior of an individual is affected by the information he is required to communicate. Inductance is seen to be a formally distinct, useful and necessary concept in its own right for an informational approach to the study of behavior in social systems. This is demonstrated by reference to the particular case of accounting information—both for internal reporting in the firm and the firm's external reporting.
Design of Triazole-Stapled BCL9 α-Helical Peptides to Target the β-Catenin/B-Cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) Protein–Protein Interaction

The interaction between β-catenin and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9), critical for the transcriptional activity of β-catenin, is mediated by a helical segment from BCL9 and a large binding groove in β-catenin. Design of potent, metabolically stable BCL9 peptides represents an attractive approach to inhibit the activity of β-catenin. In this study, we report the use of the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to generate triazole-stapled BCL9 α-helical peptides. The high efficiency and mild conditions of this “click” reaction combined with the ease of synthesis of the necessary unnatural amino acids allows for facile synthesis of triazole-stapled peptides. We have performed extensive optimization of this approach and identified the optimal combinations of azido and alkynyl linkers necessary for stapling BCL9 helices. The unsymmetrical nature of the triazole staple also allowed the synthesis of double-stapled BCL9 peptides, which show a marked increase in helical character and an improvement in binding ...
Neuronal Expression and Intracellular Localization of Presenilins in Normal and Alzheimer Disease Brains

The expression patterns of presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) in human normal and Alzheimer disease (AD) brains were investigated using antibodies to specific N-terminal peptides of PS1 (Alzh14A and Alzh14B) and PS2 (Alzh1A-AB). The antibodies to peptides Alzh14A (Alzh14A-AB) and Alzh14B (Alzh14B-AB) detected the full-length protein (approximately 63 kDa) and the N-terminal-processed fragment (36 kDa) of PS1, while the Alzh1A-AB detected mainly the N-terminal-processed fragment (36 kDa) of PS2. Immunofluorescent staining detected by confocal microscopy suggested that both native PS1 and PS2 are localized mainly in the Golgi/ER apparatus. Immunohistochemical studies of human temporal lobes from 2 normal and 5 sporadic Alzheimer brains revealed high levels of PS1 and PS2 expression in the granule cell layer and pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Strong immunoreactivity was found in reactive astrocytes and neurofibrillary tangles of all 5 Alzheimer brains. In contrast, only 2 sporadic Alzheimer brains showed presenilin-positive neuritic plaques. These observations suggest that presenilins may be involved in the pathology of some cases of sporadic AD.
Recommendations for Estimating Cross-level interaction effects Using Multilevel Modeling

Multilevel modeling allows researchers to understand whether relationships between lower-level variables (e.g., individual job satisfaction and individual performance, firm capabilities and perform...
Micro-CT of sea urchin ossicles supplemented with microbeam diffraction

Sea urchins employ as wide a range of composite reinforcement strategies as are seen in engineering composites. Besides tailoring reinforcement morphology and alignment to the functional demands of position, solid solution strengthening (high Mg calcite), inclusion toughening (macromolecules), functional gradients in mineral reinforcement morphology, composition and dimensions and mineral interface tailoring are other tactics important to achieving high toughness and high strength in sea urchin teeth. Teeth from different echinoid families illustrate combinations of reinforcement parameters and toughening mechanisms providing good functionality, a virtual probe of the available design space. This paper focuses on a multi-mode x-ray investigation of sea urchin teeth studied on scales approaching 1 µm in millimeter-sized samples, in particular mapping 3-D microarchitecture with synchrotron and laboratory microCT and mapping Ca 1-x Mg x CO 3 crystal composition x and microstrain and crystallite size via microbeam diffraction.
Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction in RNase-producing tissues: Analysis of the developing pancreas.

Background/Purpose: Many studies in pediatric surgical research use a quantitative analysis of gene expression in microscopic quantities of tissue. The authors describe an analysis of the beta-tubulin mRNA content of the embryonic pancreas, which contains abundant endogenous RNases. A detailed analysis of this RNase-containing system will provide a good template for analysis of other potentially simpler systems. Methods: Embryonic mouse pancreases were harvested at serial gestational ages. DAPI nuclear staining allowed for counting of cells. cDNA was amplified using a fluoresceinated primer and the normalized fluorescence determined. Known numbers of molecules were amplified in parallel as a standard control. Results: The number of cells increased from 38,000 to 2,700,000 between embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) and E18.5. mRNA for beta-tubulin did not increase proportionately. Assuming a yield of 100% at E10.5 when no RNases are present, the yield of expected mRNA was 65.3% at E12.5, 13.8% at E15.5, and 0.9% at E18.5, presumably because of the appearance of RNases. Conclusions: Several parameters must be considered in performing semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: (1) the yield of RNA based on the projected amount of mRNA, (2) the number of cells in the tissue, and (3) a known number of template molecules amplified in parallel.