cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract T P226: Novel Technique of Minimally Invasive Image Guided Catheter Evacuation of Spontaneous Basal Ganglia Hemorrhages Results in Improved Hemorrhage Evacuation and Outcome

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) therapies demonstrate promising results in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). We applied a novel technique of image guided catheter placement and evacuation, followed by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) thrombolysis, to treat spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhages. We hypothesized that MIS ICH evacuation would result in decreased clot size, improved survival, and improved functional outcome. We predicted that the corticospinal tracts would be preserved, as quantified with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: We reviewed a prospective series of 19 patients, selected from 655 ICHs evaluated from 2009-2013. We chose patients with an ICH volume of 10 to 80cc, age less than 80, and admission GCS greater than 5 for this procedure. Patients with aneurysms, malformations, or traumatic hemorrhages were excluded. Using frameless stereotaxy (StealthStation® AxiEM™) a 14 French, urethral rubber catheter (Bard Inc.) was guided to the clot and it was evacuated. A drainage catheter placed in the hemorrhage allowed for rtPA thrombolysis and drainage post-operatively. Results: Reduction in average hematoma volume from 44 +/- 16 to 26 +/- 16 cc was achieved at surgery (p<0.05). This volume was reduced to 13 +/- 8 cc after rtPA lysis and drainage (p<0.05). 30 day mortality was 10.5%, better than the 40% mortality predicted by the calculated individual ICH scores. The mean discharge GCS of 12.1 +/- 2.2 improved from the admission GCS of 9.8 +/- 2.2 (p=0.0053). DTI of 13 patients before and after surgical evacuation demonstrated less of a decrease in the mean fractional anisotropy ratio of the ipsilateral over the contralateral corticospinal tract to the hemorrhage for those patients with discharge GCS>12 (-0.09 vs. -0.40, p=0.083). This trend did not correlate with a significant improvement of the contralateral upper extremity NIH motor score from admission to discharge for these patients (+0.6 vs. -0.40, p=0.10). Conclusions: Our innovative MIS technique for ICH evacuation is safe and effective. DTI demonstrates a trend towards preservation of the corticospinal tract, which may contribute to the benefits of MIS techniques over traditional craniotomy.
Chaotic attractor prediction for server run-time energy consumption

This paper proposes a chaotic time series model of server system-wide energy consumption to capture the dynamics present in observed sensor readings of underlying physical systems. Based on the chaotic model, we have developed a real-time predictor that estimates actual server energy consumption according to its overall thermal envelope. This chaotic time series regression model relates processor power, bus activity, and system ambient temperatures for real-time prediction of power consumption during job execution to enable run-time control of their thermal impacts. An experimental case study compares our Chaotic Attractor Predictor (CAP) against previous prediction models constructed according to other statistical methods. Our CAP is found to be accurate within an average error of 2% (or 7%) and the worst case error of 7% (or 20%) for the AMD Opteron processor (or for the Intel Nehalem processor), based on executing a set of SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks.
Ascocarp development in two homothallic neurosporas.

Perithecia of Neurospora terricola and N. dodgei are initiated by the formation of a coiled archicarp, the terminal portion of which is soon differentiated as an ascogonium consisting of several cells. Sterile hyphae which early envelop the female organ give rise to the ascocarp wall. No trichogynes were identified. When the protoperithecium of N. terricola has reached a diameter of approximately 100 /u and that of N. dodgei about 160 u, primary ascogenous hyphae start to develop from the ascogonium. Immediately above these a centrum cavity appears into which paraphyses quickly grow. Asci do not appear until the centrum has attained nearly its maximum size and an ostiolar canal has been formed. As the asci develop, the paraphyses disintegrate. It is concluded that the perithecial centrum is of the "Xylariatype," as defined by Luttrell, and that Neurospora should therefore be placed in the Xylariales in the Luttrell scheme of classification. In many morphological and cytological features, N. terricola and N. dodgei resemble closely not only other species of Neurospora previously studied but also other members of the Sordariaceae (sensu Moreau), particularly members of the genera Gelasinospora, Sordaria, and Pleurage. Noteworthy cytological features encountered were: multinucleate ascogonial cells; ascospores initially uninucleate but becoming binucleate prior to maturation; in N. terricola beaked nuclei bearing prominent appendages at the 4-nucleate stage of ascus development; and a haploid chromosome number of 7 in N. terricola.
Observations on the Nesting Behavior of Cerceris watlingensis (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Philanthinae)

Females of Cerceris watlingensis were observed nesting on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas, during Nov. and Dec, 1977. Nest digging, orientation, prey selection, prey carriage, nest closure, and nest and cell structure are described. Several nests were snared by 2 or more females. Ants were the only predators seen.
EEG and psychometric testing in brain lesions: combined screening.

In 15 adult patients of both sexes, investigated for seizures, independent comparisons were made of EEG and psychometric findings. Agreement as to the presence and/or localization of brain lesion was registered in 10 cases; in the remaining 5 only the EEG was abnormal. The complementary nature of such a combined screening in diagnosis was emphasized.
Study of Fly Ash Composite Low-density Cement Slurry System

To meet the requirements of low-density cement slurry for low leakage easily wells,a set of fly ash composite low-density cement slurry system which the density range in 1.40 g/cm3-1.55 g/cm3 is developed.When fluid loss additive 11%,retarder dosing amount for 0.05% and activator for 1%,the compressive strength of the fly ash composite low-density cement slurry system is over 18 MPa,and the water filter can be controlled with in 50 mL,initial low viscosity,thickening time adjustable,comprehensive performance is good.
The Linkage Between Political Trust and the Quality of Government: An Analysis

ABSTRACTPolitical trust has been declining not only in the developed world but also in developing and transitional countries. Political trust is necessary for the legitimacy of the government. Researchers explored the issues of political trust from many variables. However, the literature is not very clear in terms of the linkage between the quality of governance and political trust. Although some authors tried to incorporate government quality for explaining political trust, they failed to specify the linkage between them. This research will investigate the relationship between the quality of government and political trust in developing and transitional countries.
The rise of the machines: Artificial intelligence meets scholarly content

Key points New forms of human/machine dialogue are emerging as robots understand vast amounts of content rather than simply indexing content as strings of characters. Recognizing strings of characters as entities (e.g. = names = authors) allows for meaningful associations between entities and reasoning over these relationships. Web-scale adoption of the Semantic Web approach has been slow because it is too complex to implement and does not scale. User intent, discovered through conversational models of human–computer interaction, allows for a deeper understanding of exactly what researchers are looking for. Personal agents hold the promise of finding information that we will find useful before we have started to look for it. Publishers can use Academic Knowledge APIs to interpret academic user queries and find rich information from the Microsoft Academic Graph.
Who are the other players in the health reform proposal game

The debate over health care reform is not just about details. It is also about power and the role of government. The type of health care reform that passes will determine whether, and to what degree, one seventh of the U.S. economy will be controlled by government. And, it will determine to what degree some of our most personal and private decisions are controlled by government. This is not an issue where compromises should come lightly. Certainly, they should not come preemptively.
MIMO signal processing for multiuser VLC systems

Visible light communications (VLC) is an energy efficient and cost-effective solution for indoor wireless access. In this paper, we propose a suite of signal processing techniques based on multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology to increase the reliability and throughput of multiuser VLC systems.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Statin Use Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2012

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend statins for adults age ≤75 years who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (IA) and adults age 40 to 75 years with diabetes mellitus and LDL-C 70–189 mg/dl (IA). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and likelihood of statin use among selected statin benefit groups. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012, we examined 5319 adults age ≥20 years. We estimated weighted frequencies and prevalence of statin use for adults with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥70 mg/dL), defined as statin benefit group 1 (SBG1); and for adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, defined as statin benefit group 2 (SBG2). We constructed a logistic regression model to estimate odds of statin use in SBG1. Overall, an estimated 38.6 million Americans are on a statin. In adjusted models, uninsured and Hispanic adults were less likely to be on a statin compared with white adults; 59.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.0-66.1) of all adults in SBG1, 58.8% (95% CI: 51.5-66.1) of adults age 40 to 75 in SBG1, and 63.5% (95% CI: 55.6-71.4) of all adults in SBG2 were on a statin. Although the prevalence of statin use has increased over time, Hispanic ethnicity and lack of insurance remain barriers to statin use. Black-white racial disparities were not significant. Our study provides a baseline estimate of statin use in the noninstitutionalized population just prior to introduction of the new guidelines and provides a reference for evaluating the impact of the new guidelines on statin utilization.
Association of h-index of Editorial Board Members and Impact Factor among Radiology Journals.

Rationale and Objectives h-Index has been proposed as a useful bibliometric measure for quantifying research productivity. In this current study, we analyzed h-indices of editorial board members of Radiology journals and tested the hypothesis that editorial board members of Radiology journals with higher impact factors (IF) have higher h-indices. Materials and Methods Sixty-two Radiology journals with IF >1 were included. Editorial board members were identified using the journals' websites. Editors' affiliations and research fields of interest were used to distinguish investigators with similar names. Bibliometric indices including number of publications, total citations, citations per publication, and h-index for each editorial board member were obtained using the Web of Science database. Chi-square or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to test for differences in bibliographic measures or demographics between groups. Results Among the editorial boards of 62 journals, the median [interquartile range] board h-index was 26 [18, 31] and had 36 [17, 56] members. The median journal IF was 2.27 [1.74, 3.31]. We identified a total of 2204 distinct editors; they had a median [interquartile range] h-index of 23 [13, 35], 120 [58, 215] total publications, 1938 [682, 4634] total citations, and an average of 15.7 [9.96, 24.8] citations per publication. The boards of journals with IF above the median had significantly higher h-indices (P = .002), total publications (P = .01), and total and average citations (both any [P = .003, .009] and nonself-citations [P = .001, .002]) than journals below the median. Conclusions Our data indicate that board members of Radiology journals with higher IF have greater h-indices compared to lower IF journals.
Wars of the holographic world

In the popular imagination, the iconic American theoretical physicist is Richard Feynman, in all his safe-cracking, bongo-thumping, woman-chasing glory. I suspect that many physicists, if asked to name a living colleague who best captures the spirit of Feynman, would give the same answer as me: Leonard Susskind. As far as I know, Susskind does not crack safes, thump bongos, or chase women, yet he shares Feynman's brash cockiness (which in Susskind's case is leavened by occasional redeeming flashes of self-deprecation) and Feynman's gift for spinning fascinating anecdotes. If you are having a group of physicists over for dinner and want to be sure to have a good time, invite Susskind.
The Caregiver Perspective on Unscheduled 72-Hour Return Visits to Pediatric Acute Care Sites: A Focus on Discharge Processes.

Abstract Objective To characterize pediatric caregivers' reasons for 72-hour emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) returns. Methods A sample of caregivers returning within 72 hours of initial visit to a pediatric ED or affiliated UC site was surveyed from November 2014 to June 2015; patients evaluated at outside ED/UC, scheduled for return, or non-English/Spanish speaking were excluded. Caregiver surveys underwent item generation, validation, and pilot testing. Survey items included caregiver reasons for unscheduled returns, with a specific assessment of delivery of key components of discharge instructions (diagnosis, duration of illness, home care, return precautions). Complete delivery of instructions was defined by caregiver reported receipt of instructions on all 4 components. Results Of the 500 caregiver surveys analyzed 495 children received a 72-hour return ED/UC visit. Mean age of caregivers was 33 years, 62% completed college. Children were 2 years of age or younger (47%), male (52%), Caucasian (55%), and publicly insured (64%). Reported reasons for ED/UC return included belief that their child's illness had not resolved (51%) or worsened (41%). Many caregivers (41%) were not instructed on all key components of discharge. Almost half of caregivers (47%) were not educated on anticipated duration of illness. Complete delivery of discharge instructions was associated with ED/UC satisfaction (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 3.8–8.5). Conclusions Among caregivers of children returning for an unscheduled ED/UC visit, most do not receive complete discharge instructions at initial visit. Improving delivery of key components of discharge instructions has the potential to increase ED/UC satisfaction and reduce unscheduled 72-hour returns.
Terminal sequence studies of high-molecular-weight ribonucleic acid. The 3' termini of rabbit globin messenger ribonucleic acid.

Haemoglobin mRNA isolated from EDTA-treated polyribosomes has an apparent molecular weight of 120000–180000 estimated by condensation with 3 H-labelled isoniazid after periodate oxidation. Analysis of the ribonuclease digests of isoniazid-labelled RNA by paper electrophoresis and column chromatography enables the amount of contaminating 18S, 7S, 5S and 4S RNA to be estimated, and a corrected molecular weight of globin mRNA as the acid is 161000 or 500 nucleotides in length. This molecule contains two groups of 3′-terminal sequences in equal yield; G-Y-A 6 and G-Y-A 7 in the ratio 3:2, and G-N 9–16 -Y-A 2 and G-N 9–16 -Y-N 3 in the ratio 3:2. The significance of these sequences is discussed in relation to the poly(A) content of globin mRNA, the specificity of the sequences, and possible function in processing and biosynthesis of mRNA.
Method for quantitative assessment of retinal vessel tortuosity in optical coherence tomography angiography applied to sickle cell retinopathy

Tortuosity is an important geometric vessel parameter and among the first microvascular alterations observed in various retinopathies. In the current study, a quantitative vessel tortuosity index (VTI) based on a combination of local and global centerline features is presented. Performance of VTI and previously established tortuosity indices were compared against human observers' evaluation of tortuosity. An image-processing pipeline was developed for application of VTI in retinal vessels imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in perifoveal (6 mm × 6 mm) and parafoveal (3 mm × 3 mm) regions centered on the fovea. Forty-one subjects (12 healthy control (NC) and 29 sickle cell retinopathy (SCR)) and 10 subjects (5 NC and 5 SCR) were imaged in the perifoveal and parafoveal regions, respectively. The relationship between VTI and age was examined in the perifoveal regions in NC subjects. VTI was measured from the OCTA images and compared between NC and SCR subjects using generalized least square regression with and without adjusting for age and race. VTI was found to correlate better than the 4 previous indices with performance of human observers. In the perifoveal region, a significant correlation was observed between VTI and age (r = -0.4, P<0.001, N = 12). VTI was higher in SCR than NC subjects in perifoveal and parafoveal regions (P≤0.001). The results demonstrate that the proposed method shows promise for detection of increased tortuosity in vessels due to retinal disorders.
A Cloud Data Movement Policy Architecture Based on Smart Contracts and the Ethereum Blockchain

An outdated Service Level Agreement (SLA) model, untrusted third parties with access to our data, unknown data location, and unwanted data movement continue to negatively affect trust in the cloud. The majority of current research into cloud trust focuses on ensuring a trustworthy hardware platform using attestations verified by some trusted third party(TTP). We are proposing an approach to improve cloud trust that leverages blockchain technology to help reduce the problem of depending on TTPs for policy evaluation and storage and help track our data. It provides consumers more control and expression of how they want their data handled and by whom. We propose to use Ethereum blockchain for storage and smart contracts as the vehicle for the policies. The main contributions presented in this research are: 1) storing policies in an authoritative source outside the cloud, 2) improving cloud trust by using decentralization, 3) providing a data movement policy model.
Distinct Histopathological Features at Diagnosis of Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background and aims Children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease [VEO-IBD] represent a unique cohort, often with a severe phenotype that is refractory to conventional medications, and some cases have underlying primary immunodeficiencies. Previous work has identified distinct histopathological patterns in the gastrointestinal tract in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The aim of this study is to characterise the diagnostic histological findings in patients with VEO-IBD as compared with older onset paediatric IBD, and determine if there are unique pathological changes that can shed light on the driving forces of the disease, particularly immunodeficiencies. Methods Clinical retrospective chart review, including disease characteristics and endoscopic findings, was performed on all included subjects. Two paediatric pathologists reviewed biopsies from diagnostic upper endoscopies and colonoscopies of subjects with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease and older onset inflammatory bowel disease, to evaluate for the presence of 11 histological features previously associated with inflammatory bowel disease and primary immunodeficiencies. Results The diagnostic gastrointestinal biopsies of subjects with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease differed from those in older onset paediatric IBD, demonstrated by increased frequency of apoptosis, severe chronic architectural changes, small intestine villous blunting, and eosinophils in the crypts, lamina propria, and surface epithelium. Conclusions The diagnostic biopsies of children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease can identify characteristic features that may be important in guiding the diagnostic work-up in this population.
Prevention of Recurrent Mucinous Borderline Ovarian Tumor with Aromatase Inhibitor.

Abstract Background Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used for estrogen-modulated conditions. Some borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) express estrogen receptors. We present 2 cases of progression from mucinous cystadenoma to mucinous BOT (mBOT) after prior cystectomies in whom an AI was used with recurrence prevention. Cases Two patients underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for mucinous cystadenoma. Serial imaging demonstrated recurrent ovarian cysts for which both underwent fertility sparing surgery (FSS) with ovarian cystectomy for mBOT. Both patients were initiated on an AI and have been without recurrence. Summary and Conclusion BOT predominantly occur in reproductive aged females. FSS with cystectomy is an option, but recurrence occurs in 12-36% of cases. The use of AI in prevention of recurrent BOT shows promise, and more studies are needed to explore this treatment.
Public opinion on dockless bike sharing: a machine learning approach

Dockless bike sharing is an emerging paradigm. Like many other technologies, it brings advantages and disadvantages to communities. Further investigation into public opinion will shed light on the ...
Dynamic Read Current Sensing With Amplified Bit-Line Voltage for STT-MRAMs

This brief presents a novel sensing approach for spin-based memories that augments the read sense margin and improves read decision failure without deteriorating read disturb by changing the read current dynamically according to the bit-cell state. The proposed sensing circuit consists of three main sub-circuits: 1) the bit-cell; 2) bit-line amplifier; and 3) a standard current-latch sense amplifier. The bit-line amplifier is a basic amplifier with positive feedback connection to achieve higher sense margin with dynamic read current. As a result, the significant increase in the sense margin eliminates the effect of the sense amplifier offset on read decision failure. Monte Carlo simulations in 45 nm demonstrate that the proposed sensing scheme improves the read bit error rate (BER) by more than one order of magnitude compared to the conventional voltage sensing scheme with a cost of 0.3% array area overhead and 3% energy penalty. Moreover, quantitatively compared with some of the state-of-the-art sensing schemes, the proposed scheme achieves a better area-energy-robustness trade-off.
The Role of Modeling in the Determination of Probability of Detection

The reliability of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods has traditionally been determined through costly round-robin test block trials. Here, an alternative model-based approach is described, where computer simulations are used to predict the probability of detection (POD) versus flaw size curves for components. Uses of such POD curves are shown to include estimating NDE inspection performance, setting of inspection parameters, evaluating the influence of inspections on component reliability, and designing parts with inspectability requirements.
Patterns of coping among caregivers of children with spinal cord injury: Associations with parent and child well-being.

INTRODUCTION Few studies have investigated how caregivers manage stressors associated with their child's spinal cord injury (SCI) and how these patterns relate to their child's coping and adjustment. The current study explored empirically derived coping profiles among caregivers of youth with SCI and the relation of these patterns to parent and youth psychosocial outcomes. METHOD This was a cross-sectional survey of 318 children (ages 1 to 18) and a primary caregiver. Participants completed measures assessing demographics, coping, quality of life (QOL), anxiety, and depression. We utilized hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analyses to identify unique coping patterns and one-way analysis of variance with control variables to assess relations between parental coping and psychosocial well-being. RESULTS The analyses produced 3 parent coping clusters, which included avoidant (n = 47), constructive (n = 119), and adjusted/low (n = 152). ANCOVAs revealed that parents in the avoidant cluster, who utilized disengagement and blaming strategies, had significantly worse mental health symptoms compared to the constructive and adjusted low coping clusters. Specifically, avoidant coping was significantly related to increased symptoms of caregiver depression (p < .001) and anxiety (p < .001) as well as children's self-report of anxiety (p = .002), depression (p < .005) and emotional QOL (p < .001). DISCUSSION These findings highlight the importance of fostering constructive and positive coping for both the children who face chronic illness and their caregivers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
78) Comparison of Propofol Alone with Propofol Plus Midazolam for Pediatric Procedural Sedation during MRI

Background: Procedural sedation for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently required in children to achieve cooperation and immobility for high-quality imaging. Many institutions use propofol infusions alone or in combination with other sedative drugs such as midazolam for sedation during MRI. There are wide ranges of propofol infusion rates reported in the literature (3-18mg/kg/hr) but few details have been reported about the effects of adjunctive midazolam on the dosing of propofol. The practice of our intensivist-led pediatric sedation team for children undergoing MRI typically includes 0.025-0.1mg/kg intravenous (IV) midazolam …
Censoring for Loss to Follow-up in Time-to-event Analyses of Composite Outcomes or in the Presence of Competing Risks.

Background In time-to-event analyses, there is limited guidance on when persons who are lost to follow-up (LTFU) should be censored. Methods We simulated bias in risk estimates for: (1) a composite event of measured (outcome only observable in a patient encounter) and captured events (outcome observable outside a patient encounter); and a (2) measured or (3) captured event in the presence of a competing event of the other type, under three censoring strategies: (i) censor at the last study encounter; (ii) censor when LTFU definition is met; and (iii) a new, hybrid censoring strategy. We demonstrate the real-world impact of this decision by estimating: (1) time to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis or death, (2) time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and (3) time to death before ART initiation among adults engaged in HIV care. Results For (1) our hybrid censoring strategy was least biased. In our example, 5-year risk of AIDS or death was overestimated using last-encounter censoring (25%) and under-estimated using LTFU-definition censoring (21%), compared with results from our hybrid approach (24%). Last-encounter censoring was least biased for (2). When estimating 5-year risk of ART initiation, LTFU-definition censoring underestimated risk (80% vs. 85% using last-encounter censoring). LTFU-definition censoring was least biased for (3). When estimating 5-year risk of death before ART initiation, last-encounter censoring overestimated risk (5.2% vs. 4.7% using LTFU-definition censoring). Conclusions The least biased censoring strategy for time-to-event analyses in the presence of LTFU depends on the event and estimand of interest.
Analyzing the stability of gene expression using a simple reaction-diffusion model in an early Drosophila embryo

In all complex organisms, the precise levels and timing of gene expression controls vital biological processes. In higher eukaryotes, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the complex molecular control of transcription (the synthesis of RNA from DNA) and translation (the synthesis of proteins from RNA) events driving this gene expression are not fully understood. In particular, for Drosophila melanogaster, there is a plethora of experimental data, including quantitative measurements of both RNA and protein concentrations, but the precise mechanisms that control the dynamics of gene expression during early development and the processes which lead to steady-state levels of certain proteins remain elusive. This study analyzes a current mathematical modeling approach in an attempt to better understand the long-term behavior of gene regulation. The model is a modified reaction-diffusion equation which has been previously employed in predicting gene expression levels and studying the relative contributions of transcription and translation events to protein abundance [10,11,24]. Here, we use Matrix Algebra and Analysis techniques to study the stability of the gene expression system and analyze equilibria, using very general assumptions regarding the parameter values incorporated into the model. We prove that, given realistic biological parameter values, the system will result in a unique, stable equilibrium solution. Additionally, we give an example of this long-term behavior using the model alongside actual experimental data obtained from Drosophila embryos.
Investigation on the stability of natural convection in an annular cavity with non-isothermal walls

Abstract The onset and nature of unsteady natural convection in a tall, closed annular cavity with non-isothermal walls is investigated experimentally. In the first of a sequence of experiments, thermal boundary conditions imposed on the inner and outer cylinders promote steady bi-cellular natural convection airflow inside the cavity. As the buoyant potential of the upper convection cell is increased, steady flow inside the cavity first bifurcates into mono-periodic flow and then follows a quasi-periodic route to chaotic flow. Similarly, when the buoyant potential of the lower convection cell is increased, steady flow bifurcates into mono-periodic flow and then follows an intermittent route to chaos. All of the observed unsteady airflows inside the annular cavity were three-dimensional, with all of the periodic flows exhibiting a gentle swirling motion in the azimuthal direction.
The Impact of Law Enforcement Centralisation and Professionalisation on Public Opinion of the Mexican Police

Pandemic violence and criminality are anathema to a democratic society. And yet, in Latin America, both operate side by side. Illicit activity has propagated precisely because the democratic states...
18 New method of assessing tumor heterogeneity utilizing both circulating tumor DNA and tissue DNA to predict the response to immunotherapy

Background Tumor heterogeneity assessment may help predict response to immunotherapy. In melanoma mouse models, tumor heterogeneity impaired immune response.1 In addition, among lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy, the high clonal neoantigen group had favorable survival and outcomes.2 Ideal methods of quantifying tumor heterogeneity are multiple biopsies or autopsy. However, these are not feasible in routine clinical practice. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as an alternative. Here, we reviewed the current state of tumor heterogeneity quantification from ctDNA. Furthermore, we propose a new tumor heterogeneity index(THI) based on our own scoring system, utilizing both ctDNA and tissue DNA. Methods Systematic literature search on Pubmed was conducted up to August 18, 2020. A scoring system and THI were theoretically derived. Results Two studies suggested their own methods of assessing tumor heterogeneity. One suggested clustering mutations with Pyclone,3 and the other suggested using the ratio of allele frequency (AF) to the maximum somatic allele frequency (MSAF).4 According to the former, the mutations in the highest cellular prevalence cluster can be defined as clonal mutations. According to the latter, the mutations with AF/MSAF Conclusions Tumor heterogeneity is becoming an important biomarker for predicting response to immunotherapy. Because autopsy and multiple biopsies are not feasible, utilizing both ctDNA and tissue DNA is the most comprehensive and practical approach. Therefore, we propose cTHI, for the first time, as a quantification measure of tumor heterogeneity. References Wolf Y, Bartok O. UVB-Induced Tumor Heterogeneity Diminishes Immune Response in Melanoma. Cell 2019;179:219–235. McGranahan N, Swanton C. Clonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. Science 2016;351:1463–1469. Ma F, Guan Y. Assessing tumor heterogeneity using ctDNA to predict and monitor therapeutic response in metastatic breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2020;146:1359–1368. Liu Z, Xie Z. Presence of allele frequency heterogeneity defined by ctDNA profiling predicts unfavorable overall survival of NSCLC. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019;8:1045–1050.
The role of morality in social cognition

Over the past few decades, two-factor models of social cognition have emerged as the dominant framework for understanding impression formation. Despite the differences in the labels, there is wide agreement that one dimension reflects sociability potential, and the other, competence. One way in which the various two-factor models do clearly differ, however, is in the way the dimensions incorporate or produce evaluations of morality. Aristotle saw morality as the most important basis on which to form positive evaluations, because competence and sociability could only be virtuous, sincere, and trustworthy if expressed through a moral character. This chapter highlights research demonstrating the unique and possibly primary role of morality in social cognition. We clarify the dynamic, interactive, and conjoint effects of morality on social perception, and argue morality, competence, and sociability are three influential and interactive dimensions of social perception.
Primary care physicians' preparedness to treat opioid use disorder in the United States: A cross-sectional survey.

Abstract Background Efforts to increase opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment have focused on primary care. We assessed primary care physicians’ preparedness to identify and treat individuals with OUD and barriers to increasing buprenorphine prescribing. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from January–August 2020 which assessed perceptions of the opioid epidemic; comfort screening, diagnosing, and treating individuals with OUD with medications; and barriers to obtaining a buprenorphine waiver and prescribing buprenorphine in their practice. Primary care physicians were sampled from the American Medical Association Physician Master File (n = 1000) and contacted up to 3 times, twice by mail and once by e-mail. Results Overall, 173 physicians (adjusted response rate 27.3 %) responded. While most were somewhat or very comfortable screening (80.7 %) and diagnosing (79.3 %) OUD, fewer (36.9 %) were somewhat or very comfortable treating OUD with medications. One third of respondents were in a practice where they or a colleague were waivered and 10.7 % of respondents had a buprenorphine waiver. The most commonly cited barriers to both obtaining a waiver and prescribing buprenorphine included lack of access to addiction, behavioral health, or psychiatric co-management, lack of experience treating OUD, preference not to be inundated with requests for buprenorphine, and the buprenorphine training requirement. Conclusions While most primary care physicians reported comfort screening and diagnosing OUD, fewer were comfortable treating OUD with medications such as buprenorphine and even fewer were waivered to do so. Addressing provider self-efficacy and willingness, and identifying effective, coordinated, and comprehensive models of care may increase OUD treatment with buprenorphine.
Innovative approach for dual control of electromechanical plant

In an attempt to optimize investment in training equipment, a methodology has been developed to allow an electromechanical plant to be controlled by either an embedded PLC or an embedded microcontroller without any physical or wiring modifications to the system. All sensors and effectors are wired to both control devices, which are in turn under the command of a supervisory control that allows only one of the two devices to be powered at any time. This allows a single electromechanical trainer to be used for teaching of PLC ladder logic, and/or microprocessor control using LabVIEW or C. An example electromechanical plant is presented in the form of a two-car, three-floor elevator system containing 8 actuators, 22 sensors, 14 switch inputs and 14 indicators. One of the challenges faced was developing an isolation scheme to accommodate both the standard 24V PLC control voltages and the 3.3/5V microprocessor control voltages. Another hurdle was designing for the variety of input interface specifications between the two platforms. A methodology was developed to allow for safe system operation by allowing the supervisory control to appear transparent to the user, yet allow it to modulate outputs when necessary to protect the plant equipment. The overall approach is presented; the final designs are being made available under an open-source license.
Field emission displays

Field Emission flat panel Displays (FEDs) are rapidly being developed for use in next generation consumer electronics which will require greater performance with reduced power consumption and cost relative to flat panel displays available today. This paper provides a brief introduction to field emission displays and identify some key technology modules that FEDs employ. Finally, the paper discusses recent development of the world's first spatial color FED by Micron Display Technology, Inc.
Studies on true dissimilatory nitrate reduction. V. Nitric oxide production and consumption by micro-organisms.

The first aim of the investigations made has been the determination of the fate of glucose as a hydrogen donator in the dissimilatory nitrate reduction byPseudomonas aeruginosa. The carbon balances made are strongly in favour of the view that the part of the glucose consumed which is not converted into cell material is completely converted into carbon dioxide and water. This conclusion is supported by the simultaneously made nitrogen and oxidoreduction balances.
Safe Cooperative Robot Patterns via Dynamics on Graphs

This paper explores the possibility of using vector fields to design and implement reactive schedules for safe cooperative robot patterns on graphs.
Do collaborations with schools of Social Work make a difference for the field of child welfare? Practice, retention and curriculum

Summary Historically, the profession of social work has held a leadership role in the field of child welfare. Opportunities provided in a number of significant public policies allow schools of social work to be eligible to receive Title IV-E funding for professional development of child welfare workers. Today, hundreds of these partnerships throughout the country (Zlotnik, 1997) are spending millions of federal dollars to professionally educate Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Social Work students for careers in child welfare. Unfortunately, there is not a corresponding proliferation of evaluation research to measure the effectiveness of these partnerships. This article provides a comprehensive description and evaluation of a partnership between a school of social work and a state department of child protective services.
3D Investigation of Cracking Behavior in a Ni Superalloy

The high temperature fatigue performance of Ni-base superalloys is critical to gas turbine applications and as such, requires a more fundamental understanding when designing and producing turbine components. To investigate the relationship to local microstructure, a fatigue specimen was cycled under conditions designed specifically to result in intergranular propagation. Prior to failure, the test was interrupted and a 3D data set was reconstructed destructively from optical and EBSD slices taken from around the tip of the growing crack. The data set was investigated to understand the character of grain boundary planes along the crack front with respect those of the bulk material.
Antimalarial effect of iron chelators.

Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical areas of the world. Despite work on controlling the mosquito vector and on developing an effective vaccine, anti-malarial chemotherapy is at present the fundamental approach to controlloing this infection. Because of widespread development of resistance on the part of the parasite to the presently available anti-malarial drugs, it is important to develop new agents with new mechanisms of action. Iron is an essential nutrient for the malaria parasite, and this chapter reviews the information available on the anti-malarial potential of iron chelating agents.
Data Provenance in Distributed Propagator Networks

The heterogeneous and unreliable nature of distributed systems has created a distinct need for the inclusion of provenance within their design to allow for error correction and redundancy. Many traditional distributed systems have limited provenance tracing abilities, usually included in generic workflow generation or in an application-specific way. The novel programming paradigm of distributed propagator networks allows for the inclusion of provenance from the ground up.
Abstract 3549: Synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Me induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by inducing oxidative stress

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly lethal human malignancy with dismal prognosis and few effective therapeutic options. Novel agents that are safe and effective are urgently needed. Oleanolic acid-derived synthetic triterpenoids are potent antitumorigenic agents, but their efficacy for pancreatic cancer has not been investigated. We have found that methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me), a oleanane-derived synthetic triterpenoid exhibits potent anticancer activity against human pancreatic cancer cell lines. CDDO-Me inhibited the growth of both K-ras mutated (MiaPaca2, Panc1 and Capan2) and wild-type K-ras (BxPC3) pancreatic cancer cells at very low concentrations. The growth inhibitory activity of CDDO-Me was due to the induction of apoptosis characterized by increased annexin-V-FITC and cleavage of PARP-1 and procaspases-3, -8 and-9. Killing of PDA cells by CCDO-Me involved the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as determined from the oxidation of H2DCFD by flow cytometry and its inhibition by general purpose antioxidant NAC. CDDO-Me was also highly active against gemcitabine resistant MiaPaCa2 cells expressing markers of tumor-initiating cells (cancer stem-like cells?). An ongoing pilot experiment has shown the antitumor activity of CDDO-Me against BxPC3 xenograft in vivo. Together, these data demonstrated potential of CDDO-Me for treating pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3549. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3549
Laser‐beam diameter measurement using periodic logarithmic grating

A novel logarithmic grating is proposed for Gaussian laser-beam diameter measurement. The grating provides accurate measurement of submicron to millimeter diameter laser beams.
The Long Arm of Mentoring: A Counterfactual Analysis of Natural Youth Mentoring and Employment Outcomes in Early Careers

Young people often develop natural mentoring relationships with nonparental adults during adolescence and young adulthood. While much has been learned about the benefits of natural mentoring for more proximate outcomes such as mental health and education, relatively little is known about the causal impact of youth mentoring relationships on career opportunities. This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) survey to explore the effects of different kinds of natural mentoring relationships on employment outcomes during the early career years (when workers are in their late twenties and early thirties). Whereas traditional methods of causal conditioning show a broad range of employment benefits from being mentored, results from counterfactual analysis using propensity score matching reveal that the benefits of mentoring are confined to intrinsic job rewards. The findings imply that mentors help steer youth toward intrinsically rewarding careers.
WE‐B‐201B‐02: The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI): A Completed Public Database of CT Scans for Lung Nodule Analysis

PURPOSE: The LungImageDatabase Consortium (LIDC) was created by the National Cancer Institute to create a public database of annotated thoracic computed tomography(CT) scans as a reference standard for imaging research. This effort was augmented by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the ImageDatabase Resource Initiative (IDRI). The LIDC/IDRI Database is intended to facilitate computer‐aided diagnosis(CAD) research for lung nodule detection, classification, and quantitative assessment. METHOD/MATERIALS: The LIDC/IDRI Database contains 1018 CT scans collected retrospectively from the clinical archives of seven academic institutions. Each scan was reviewed asynchronously by four thoracic radiologists through a two‐phase process. During the first “blinded read” phase, each radiologist independently reviewed the scans and marked lesions they identified according to one of three categories: “nodule ≥ 3 mm,” “nodule < 3 mm,” and “non‐nodule ≥ 3 mm.” The second “unblinded read” phase allowed each radiologist to review the marks of all other radiologists and confirm or modify their own marks. For any lesion that a radiologist marked as a “nodule ≥ 3 mm,” that radiologist constructed nodule outlines in every CT section in which the nodule appeared and provided subjective ratings of nodule characteristics such as subtlety, spiculation, solidity, and margin. The Database contains all images and radiologist marks for use by investigators. RESULTS: The Database contains 7371 lesions marked by at least one radiologist as either a “nodule ≥ 3 mm” or a “nodule < 3 mm.” 2669 lesions were marked by at least one radiologist as a “nodule ≥ 3 mm,” of which 777 (29.1%) were assigned such a mark by only a single radiologist, and 928 (34.8%) received such marks from all four radiologists.CONCLUSIONS: The LIDC/IDRI Database is expected to become a powerful resource as a reference standard for the medical imaging research community.
Tell Me About Autism: Autism Resources for India

In India there is a general lack of information about autism and a lot of social stigma associated with it. Some online resources are available, but there is no up-to-date digital storehouse for pertinent information. To fill this gap, we developed a crowd-sourced centralized content repository. Besides national/state/city wide resources, we also have a question and answer forum, a Public Service Announcement (PSA) in 10 Indian languages and a variety of media content related to autism. In this paper we discuss the wiki's development along with some interesting social computing and computational questions that have arisen.