cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motion indexing using coordination between essential actuators

We address the problem of organizing a partially annotated corpus of human movement by indexing and linking similar motion segments. The motion indexing problem consists in finding all pairs of similar motion segments in the corpus. Motion indexing is an important step towards full annotation of a motion corpus and, consequently, to the discovery of robust representations to humanoid motion. We propose an approach where each human action is associated with a set of essential actuators. The set of essential actuators may range from a set with one element (single actuator) to a set containing all actuators (whole body). The novelty here in our motion indexing approach is the use of coordination between actuators to discover similar motion segments and to find a minimal set of essential actuators for each segment. This approach respects the parallel aspect of human motion where actions are performed concurrently. This allows the combinatorial use of different actions at the same time. This approach considers only a minimal set of actuators to model each action which results in performance gains. In this paper, we present the design of a non-ambiguous similarity measure, two greedy heuristics, and an optimal algorithm for the construction of coordination regions that ultimately result in similar motion segments. The heuristics support the optimality of the proposed algorithm. We empirically validate the optimality and correctness of our algorithm in our experiments.
Spontaneous papnlary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary in Dunkin-Hartley guineapigs

Spontaneous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary was found in 2 Dunkin-Hartley guineapigs of 18 months of age. This is the first report of this tumour in the guineapig.
The use of tetrahydrocortisone-3-beta-D-glucuronide in the measurement of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.

THE-3-G was added to H2O and 56 urines, and the recovered THE was measured by the Porter-Silber method. The recovery from H2O was quantitative (98 ± 2%), but highly variable from urine, ranging from 35 to 109%. The necessity of the proper standard in analysis of urinary steroid glucuronides was demonstrated. The presence in urine of endogenous inhibitors to β-glucuronidase was confirmed.
Uncertainty reduction through flexible manufacturing

The crucial strength of the CIM/FMS is the capability to produce variety at lower cost. This article provides a justification for the move towards computerized flexibility in manufacturing based upon the premise of uncertainty reduction in sales through extensive product differentiation. The economic feasibility of this marketing strategy is shown by delineating the sources of economies and diseconomies of scope in CIM/FMS production.
Statistical optimization of leakage power considering process variations using dual-Vth and sizing

Increasing levels of process variability in sub-100nm CMOS design has become a critical concern for performance and power constraint designs. In this paper, we propose a new statistically aware Dual-Vt and sizing optimization that considers both the variability in performance and leakage of a design. While extensive work has been performed in the past on statistical analysis methods, circuit optimization is still largely performed using deterministic methods. We show in this paper that deterministic optimization quickly looses effectiveness for stringent performance and leakage constraints in designs with significant variability. We then propose a statistically aware dual-Vt and sizing algorithm where both delay constraints and sensitivity computations are performed in a statistical manner. We demonstrate that using this statistically aware optimization, leakage power can be reduced by 15-35% compared to traditional deterministic analysis. The improvements increase for strict delay constraints making statistical optimization especially important for high performance designs.
The Emerging Role of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer

The insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway is important in many human cancers based on data from experimental models as well as epidemiological studies. Important therapies targeted at this pathway have been or are being developed, including monoclonal antibodies to the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and small molecule inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase function of this receptor. These investigational therapies are now being studied in clinical trials. Emerging data from phase I trials are encouraging regarding the safety of the monoclonal antibodies. In this manuscript, the rationale for targeting the insulin-like growth factor system is reviewed in addition to a summary of the available clinical trial data.
Brain Architecture and Mechanisms that Underlie Language: AN Information-Processing Analysis

A neural network model for naming visual objects and their attributes, and understanding certain simple types of sentences has been presented. The model is based on neural processes rather than linguistic or symbolic constructs. The following are the major structural features of the model: 1. Memory stores are associative networks that perform an analysis of their inputs in real time. This analysis converts the input pattern into a "recognition pattern" that depends on the specific stored information and its location in the store. 2. The naming store is an analyzer network that converts the sensory encoding of a sentence into a "sentence pattern". The sentence pattern is obtained by averaging the recognition signals from several memory locations in the naming store. Because of the organization of words in the naming store, sentence patterns are an encoding of the structure of the sentences. 3. The sentence store is an associative memory store that recognizes sentence patterns and associates with each one an "instruction sequence" or "program" that specifies how the system should respond to the sentence. It is the enabling of access to this "program" that constitutes "understanding." Sentences are understood in real time, without the explicit grammatical analysis that is usual in sentence-understanding systems. Understanding a sentence involves two functionally distinct processes: (1) associating with its sentence pattern an instruction sequence that specifices what to do in order to generate an appropriate response to the sentence matching that pattern: for example, to look in the visual field for an object, determine its location, and so on, and (2) analysis of the tokens in the sentence that indicate specific attributes or entities to look for or determine.
A Review of IPO Activity, Pricing and Allocations

We review the theory and evidence on IPO activity: why firms go public, why they reward first-day investors with considerable underpricing, and how IPOs perform in the long run. Our perspective on the literature is three-fold: First, we believe that many IPO phenomena are not stationary. Second, we believe research into share allocation issues is the most promising area of research in IPOs at the moment. Third, we argue that asymmetric information is not the primary driver of many IPO phenomena. Instead, we believe future progress in the literature will come from non-rational and agency conflict explanations. We describe some promising such alternatives.
A Combinatorial Analysis of Boundary Data Structure Schemata

Speed up the software in geometric algorithms for solid modeling, CAD/CAM, and robotics applications. How? By using boundary data structures that are fast and use less storage.
The influence of abstract and concrete mindsets on anticipating and guiding others' self-regulatory efforts ☆

To investigate how people anticipate and attempt to shape others' self-regulatory efforts, this work examined the impact of abstract and concrete mindsets on attention to goal-relevant aspects of others' situations. An abstract (relative to a concrete) mindset, by making accessible the cognitive operation of considering activities' purpose (versus process) was predicted to focus attention on how others' self-evaluative situations could impact others' long-term aims of self-knowledge and self-improvement, thus facilitating the anticipation and preference that others pursue accurate, even self-critical, feedback. Participants in an abstract (relative to a concrete) mindset both anticipated (Experiment 1) and suggested (Experiments 2a and b) that others pursue realistic rather than overly positive self-relevant information, with the latter effect apparently explained by the salience of abstract versus concrete goal-relevant features of others' situations (Experiment 2b). Implications for self-regulatory mindsets, as well as for in- terpersonal relations, are discussed.
Sclerostin is expressed in osteoclasts from aged mice and reduces osteoclast‐mediated stimulation of mineralization

Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption precedes osteoblast-mediated bone formation through early adulthood, but formation fails to keep pace with resorption during aging. We previously identified several factors produced by osteoclasts that promote bone formation. In this study, we determined if osteoclast-produced factors contribute to the impaired bone formation with aging. We previously found that mice between the ages of 18 and 22 months develop age-related bone loss. Bone marrow-derived pre-osteoclasts were isolated from 6-week, 12-month, and 18- to 24-month-old mice and differentiated into osteoclasts in vitro. Conditioned media were collected and compared for osteoblast mineralization support. Conditioned medium from osteoclasts from all ages was able to support mineralization of bone marrow stromal cells. Concentrating the conditioned medium from 6-week-old and 12-month-old mouse marrow cells-derived osteoclasts enhanced mineralization support whereas concentrated conditioned medium from 18- to 24-month-old mouse marrow-derived osteoclasts repressed mineralization compared to base medium. This observation suggests that an inhibitor of mineralization was secreted by aged murine osteoclasts. Gene and protein analysis revealed that the Wnt antagonist sclerostin was significantly elevated in the conditioned media from 24-month-old mouse cells compared to 6-week-old mouse cells. Antibodies directed to sclerostin neutralized the influences of the aged mouse cell concentrated conditioned media on mineralization. Sclerostin is primarily produced by osteocytes in young animals. This study demonstrates that osteoclasts from aged mice also produce sclerostin in quantities that may contribute to the age-related impairment in bone formation.
Elevated antinuclear antibody titers and the postpericardiotomy syndrome

factor I in cultured bovine articular cartilage. Biochem J 1986;240:423-30. 11. Saxne T, Hayford J, Heinegard D, et al. Serum levels of the proteoglycan core protein and keratan sulfate correlate in juvenile rhemnatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1989;32(4):S 105. 12. Trivedi P, Hindmarsh P, Risteli J, Risteli L, Mowat AP. Growth velocity, growth hormone therapy, and serum concentrations of the amino-terminal propeptide of type lIl procollagen. J PEDIATR 1989;114:225-30. 13. Danne T, Gruters A, Schuppan D, Quanta N, Enders I, Weber B. Relationship of procollagen type III propeptide-related 14.
Positive pion production by 185 MeV protons

Abstract The 12 C(p, π + ) 13 C and 9 Be(p, π + ) 10 Be reactions at 185 MeV are examined. We start with a model in which the pion is produced by an incident proton which then becomes a bound neutron. A non-relativistic reduction of the pseudoscalar operator results in a non-Galilean invariant pion production operator. The recent Uppsala data are then fit with a DWBA calculation which takes the pion's distortion from the Kisslinger potential. In this calculation, which uses the free pion-nucleon coupling constant at the interaction vertex, the same pion optical potential accounts for both the elastic and (p, π + ) data. The reaction is sensitive to details of nuclear structure because of the large momentum transfer involved. The final nuclear state has components which consist of a single particle of high angular momentum (or high radial quantum number) coupled to an excited state of the target. The amplitudes of these components are calculated in perturbation theory. Such configurations participate in the reaction in three ways (i) a (p, p') reaction, in which the target is excited, followed by pion emission from the p'; (ii) pion emission from the proton followed by a (π, π') reaction; and, (iii) the proton emitting the pion first, and then exciting the target (pre-emission). The size of these effects is not negligible but can be absorbed into the freedom of choosing the wave function of the bound neutron.
Genomic islands of speciation in Anopheles gambiae.

The African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (A. gambiae), provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution of reproductive isolation because it is divided into two sympatric, partially isolated subtaxa known as M form and S form. With the annotated genome of this species now available, high-throughput techniques can be applied to locate and characterize the genomic regions contributing to reproductive isolation. In order to quantify patterns of differentiation within A. gambiae, we hybridized population samples of genomic DNA from each form to Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays. We found that three regions, together encompassing less than 2.8 Mb, are the only locations where the M and S forms are significantly differentiated. Two of these regions are adjacent to centromeres, on Chromosomes 2L and X, and contain 50 and 12 predicted genes, respectively. Sequenced loci in these regions contain fixed differences between forms and no shared polymorphisms, while no fixed differences were found at nearby control loci. The third region, on Chromosome 2R, contains only five predicted genes; fixed differences in this region were also verified by direct sequencing. These “speciation islands” remain differentiated despite considerable gene flow, and are therefore expected to contain the genes responsible for reproductive isolation. Much effort has recently been applied to locating the genes and genetic changes responsible for reproductive isolation between species. Though much can be inferred about speciation by studying taxa that have diverged for millions of years, studying differentiation between taxa that are in the early stages of isolation will lead to a clearer view of the number and size of regions involved in the genetics of speciation. Despite appreciable levels of gene flow between the M and S forms of A. gambiae, we were able to isolate three small regions of differentiation where genes responsible for ecological and behavioral isolation are likely to be located. We expect reproductive isolation to be due to changes at a small number of loci, as these regions together contain only 67 predicted genes. Concentrating future mapping experiments on these regions should reveal the genes responsible for reproductive isolation between forms.
Kinetic energy effects on product state distributions in the C(3P) + N2O (X̃ 1Σ+) reaction. Energy partitioning between the NO(X 2Π) and CN(X 2Σ+) products

Abstract The reaction C( 3 P) + N 2 O(X 1 Σ + ) is studied by varying the kinetic energy of C( 3 P) in two center-of-mass regimes: 0.1–0.2 eV and 2–7 eV. C( 3 P) is directly observed, and the C n velocity distribution is estimated from the time-of-flight of C 2 . CN(X 2 Σ is vibrationally inverted and rotationally ‘hot’ at all collision energies. NO(X 2 Π) is vibrationally much colder, but rotationally ‘hot’ at the higher collision energies. At lower energies, NO(X 2 Π) has no vibrational excitation and is cold rotationally. Thus, little energy flow occurs between the ‘old’ NO and ‘new’ CN bond, suggesting a predominantly direct reaction mechanism.
Nondestructive Determination of the Permittivity Tensor of a Uniaxial Material Using a Two-Port Clamped Coaxial Probe

A two-port coaxial probe is introduced to nondestructively determine the permittivity tensor of a uniaxial material. The proposed approach possesses several advantages over existing techniques, e.g., only a single sample is required, the sample does not need to be rotated, and only a single measurement system is needed. The derivation of the theoretical scattering parameters is shown. This is accomplished by applying Love’s equivalence theorem and the continuity of transverse magnetic fields to formulate a system of coupled integral equations. A necessary step in this approach is the derivation of the magnetic-current-excited uniaxial parallel-plate Green’s function. The development of this Green’s function is presented here using a new scalar potential formulation, which significantly reduces the difficulty of the probe’s theoretical development. The system of coupled integral equations is solved using the method of moments to yield the theoretical scattering parameters. The permittivity tensor is found by minimizing the two-norm of the vector difference between the theoretical and measured scattering parameters via nonlinear least squares. To validate the probe, measurement results of a uniaxial absorber are presented and compared to those obtained using a focused-beam (free-space) measurement system. The probe’s sensitivity to uncertainties in measured scattering parameters, sample thickness, and coaxial line properties is also investigated.
I Love You Truly

INTRO 01-04 BFLY WAIT;; CK THRU REC SD; SYNCO FRONT VN; 01-02 in Bfly pos wait 2 meas;; 03 trng slightly RF ck L thru ifR, trng bk to fc rec R, sd L; 04 xRifL, sdL/xRibL, sd L; 05-08 CK THRU REC SD to CP; WHISK; CHASSE SCP; HALF NAT; 05 trng slightly LF ck R thru ifL, trng bk to fc blending to CP rec R, sd R; 06 fwd L, fwd & sd R comm rise to ball of ft, x L in bk of L cont to full rise to ball of ft end in tight SCP; 07 fwd R, fwd L/cl R, fwd L; 08 fwd R comm RF trn, cont trn to fc ptr & RLOD fwd & sd L, bk R (W fwd L, fwd R to CP, fwd L);
Dosage-Mortality Studies with Pyrethroids and Other Insecticides on the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from the Imperial Valley, California

Dosage-mortality studies were conducted on populations of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), from the Imperial Valley of California in 1979, 1980, and 1981. Progeny of field-collected budworms showed a steady increase in resistance over this period. Levels of resistance to permeethrin, fenvalerate, and methyl parathion increased to 51-, 29-, and 18-fold, respectively, compared with data from a susceptible laboratory colony. The LD50 for methomyl was greater than 2,000 µg/g of body weight, whereas the LD50 for this compound in the susceptible strain was 3.25 µg/g. Values obtained in the first generation decreased in the second generation of laboratory rearing and remained at this lower level in subsequent generations. This indicates that evaluation of insecticide resistance in this insect should be performed on the first generation. Response to permethrin was not different using field-collected larvae or adults to initiate the colony. However, higher LD50 values were obtained during October as compared with September collections.
Mortality of Seattle Grocery Wholesalers

A LTHOUGH a number of studies have been published on the mortality rate among grocery retailers, little material has been made available on the turnover rate among grocery wholesalers.' This article presents the results of a study of mortality rates among Seattle general-line grocery wholesalers for the period 1893-1951. This period covers the years during which local general-line grocery wholesalers have been of major importance in Seattle. Before 1893 the wholesale distribution of groceries in the Seattle market was performed mainly by general-merchandise wholesalers, semi-jobbers, and San Francisco and Portland merchants.
The Application of B-Lynch Suture Combined with Uterine Artery Embolization for Placenta Accreta Complicated by Postpartum Hemorrhage (a report of 14cases)

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of B-Lynch suture combined with uterine artery embolization for placenta accreta complicated by postpartum hemorrhage. Methods 14 cases of placenta accreta complicated by postpartum hemorrhage were given the treatment of B-Lynch suture combined with uterine artery embolization. Results All patients were successfully stanched bleeding, 13 patients were cured and discharged, 1 case received hysterectomy 5 days later due to infection.Length of stay was 7-27 days.There was a few bloody lochia sustaining 1-7 days after operation.Uterine involution was schedule. There was no case occurred bleeding again in the follow-up 42 days. Conclusion B-Lynch suture combined with uterine artery embolization in the treatment of placenta accreta complicated by postpartum hemorrhage is a safe and effective method.
An Improved Sequence Operation Algorithm and Its Application in Wind Power Analysis

Given the great similarity of the probabilistic sequence for different limited wind power outputs,some advanced applications of sequence operation theory are proposed.A new sequence operation named separation operation is established and its operation rules are presented.Furthermore,the concept of probability change sequence is derived from the separation operation and its physical meaning is analyzed.The method of using probability change sequence is shown in detail,with the application of wind power output analysis as an example.The simulation results show that the probability change sequence can make full use of the characteristics of similar sequence,and improve the calculating speed greatly.The method is generic and can be used in other optimization problems with similar sequence.
Signal dependence of inter-pixel capacitance in hybridized HgCdTe H2RG arrays for use in James Webb space telescope's NIRcam

Interpixel capacitance (IPC) is a deterministic electronic coupling by which signal generated in one pixel is measured in neighboring pixels. Examination of dark frames from test NIRcam arrays corroborates earlier results and simulations illustrating a signal dependent coupling. When the signal on an individual pixel is larger, the fractional coupling to nearest neighbors is lesser than when the signal is lower. Frames from test arrays indicate a drop in average coupling from approximately 1.0% at low signals down to approximately 0.65% at high signals depending on the particular array in question. The photometric ramifications for this non-uniformity are not fully understood. This non-uniformity intro-duces a non-linearity in the current mathematical model for IPC coupling. IPC coupling has been mathematically formalized as convolution by a blur kernel. Signal dependence requires that the blur kernel be locally defined as a function of signal intensity. Through application of a signal dependent coupling kernel, the IPC coupling can be modeled computationally. This method allows for simultaneous knowledge of the intrinsic parameters of the image scene, the result of applying a constant IPC, and the result of a signal dependent IPC. In the age of sub-pixel precision in astronomy these effects must be properly understood and accounted for in order for the data to accurately represent the object of observation. Implementation of this method is done through python scripted processing of images. The introduction of IPC into simulated frames is accomplished through convolution of the image with a blur kernel whose parameters are themselves locally defined functions of the image. These techniques can be used to enhance the data processing pipeline for NIRcam.
The Influence of Area Characteristics on Intermarket Patronage

Merchants in small and medium-sized towns have felt that some of their local trade escapes to larger cities or metropolitan areas. The present article makes use of an opportunity to increase information concerning the relationships between outshoppers and area characteristics. The results indicate that a number of important classes of trade are escaping the downtown area. In addition, outshoppers contribute a higher relative quality than downtown shoppers.
Big-Time Sports in American Universities: Ends and Means

Binghamton University is one of the academic jewels of public higher education in the state of New York, boasting the highest SAT scores among the system's major university centers and the second highest among the dozen and a half four-year institutions in the vast SUNY system. In the late 1990s the university decided to begin a process that would elevate its basketball program from the Division III level, which allows no athletic scholarships and attracts minimal attention, to the most competitive level, Division I. The other three SUNY universities, Albany, Buffalo, and Stony Brook, were already playing basketball at the Division I level, and Buffalo had an FBS football team. A required interim step, moving to Division II, was recommended by the university's faculty senate and approved by the university administration in 1996, although the faculty senate's executive committee had originally opposed the move. When it came time to make the final decision to move to Division I in 1999, the faculty senate demurred, citing concerns about the potential financial and academic effects of such a move. Under no obligation to follow the faculty's recommendation, however, the president announced shortly thereafter that Binghamton would indeed make the move to Division I, beginning in the fall of 2001. In the next four years, the university replaced its head basketball coach, built a new arena with seating for 5,500, and became competitive in its conference, the America East Conference.
Enhancing the Reach of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Targeting Posttraumatic Stress in Acute Care Medical Settings.

Objective:Injured patients presenting to acute care medical settings have high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbidities, such as depression and substance use disorders. Integrating behavioral interventions that target symptoms of PTSD and comorbidities into the acute care setting can overcome common barriers to obtaining mental health care. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of embedding elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the delivery of routine postinjury care management. The investigation also explored the potential effectiveness of completion of CBT element homework that targeted PTSD symptom reduction.Methods:This study was a secondary analysis of data from a U.S. clinical trial of the effectiveness of a stepped collaborative care intervention versus usual care for injured inpatients. The investigation examined patients’ willingness at baseline (prerandomization) to engage in CBT and pre- and postrandomization mental health service utilization a...
Digital Rectal Examination Reduces Hospital Admissions, Endoscopies, and Medical Therapy in Patients with Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Abstract Background Although digital rectal examination is an established part of physical examinations in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, clinicians are reluctant to perform a rectal examination. We intended to assess whether rectal examination affects the clinical management decision in these patients. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study using data from electronic health records of patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the emergency department with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions, gastroenterology consultation, initiation of medical therapy (proton pump inhibitor or octreotide), and inpatient endoscopy (upper endoscopy or colonoscopy) were assessed as outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Of 1237 patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, 549 (44.4%) did not have a rectal examination. Patients who had a rectal examination were less likely to be admitted than patients who did not have a rectal examination (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.79; P = .004). Patients who had a rectal examination were less likely to be started on medical therapy (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-0.98; P = .04) and to have endoscopy (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44-0.94; P = .02) than patients who did not have a rectal examination. Conclusions Rectal examination in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding can assist clinicians with clinical management decision and reduce admissions, endoscopies, and medical therapy in these patients.
Pediatric anesthesia and neurotoxicity: what the radiologist needs to know

The use of cross-sectional imaging in the pediatric population continues to rise, particularly the use of MRI. Limiting motion artifact requires cooperative subjects who do not move during imaging, so there has been an increase in the need for pediatric sedation or anesthesia. Over the last decade, concern has increased that exposure to anesthesia might be associated with long-term cognitive deficits. In this review we report current understanding of the effects of anesthesia on the pediatric population, with special focus on long-term developmental and cognitive outcomes, and suggest how radiologists can use new technologies or imaging strategies to mitigate or minimize these potential risks.
Parkinson's Disease Subtypes Show Distinct Tradeoffs Between Response Initiation and Inhibition Latencies.

Objectives: In unpredictable situations, individuals often show tradeoffs between response initiation and inhibition speeds. We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson’s disease (PD) motor subtypes differentially impact tradeoffs between these two action-oriented processes. We predicted that, compared to tremor dominant (TD) patients, predominant postural instability and gait dysfunction (PIGD) patients would show exacerbated tradeoffs between response initiation and inhibition in situations requiring the sudden potential need to interrupt an action. Methods: Fifty-one PD patients (subdivided into PIGD [n=27] and TD [n=24]) and 21 healthy controls (HCs) completed a choice reaction task to establish baseline response initiation speed between groups. Subsequently, participants completed a stop-signal task which introduced an occasional, unpredictable stop stimulus. We measured changes in initiation speed in preparation of an unpredictable stop (i.e., proactive slowing) and inhibition latency (i.e., stop-signal reaction time). Results: Compared to HCs, PD patients showed slower response initiation speeds in the choice reaction task. All groups showed proactive slowing in the stop-signal task but the magnitude was considerably larger in PIGD patients, almost twice as large as TD patients. PD patients, irrespective of motor subtype, showed longer inhibition latencies than HCs. Conclusions: PIGD and TD subtypes both showed exacerbated response inhibition deficits. However, PIGD patients showed much more pronounced proactive slowing in situations with an expected yet unpredictable need to stop action abruptly. This suggests that PIGD is accompanied by exaggerated tradeoffs between response initiation and inhibition processes to meet situational action demands. We discuss putative neural mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings. (JINS, 2017, 23, 665–674)
Parents' adverse childhood experiences and mental health screening using home visiting programs: A pilot study.

Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adult high-risk behaviors and diseases. There is value in screening parents for ACEs given the repercussions parental ACEs may have on parenting behaviors and child development. The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of parental ACE screening in the home setting. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether or not maternal ACEs correlated with maternal mental health measures. Methods Two home visiting programs that support early childhood development and conduct parental mental health screening implemented ACE screening for parents of infants <1 year of age. Descriptive statistics were produced for population surveillance of ACEs as well as standard practice screens for depression, anxiety, substance use, and intimate partner violence. Logistic models were used to examine associations between ACE score and mental health measures. Results A total of 110 parents completed the ACE screen. All possible ACE score outcomes were represented (0–10). A trend toward association of positive prenatal maternal depression screen with ACE score was identified (p = .05). Conclusion This novel prospective home-based screening program for parental ACEs was feasible and identified a trend toward increasing ACE score association with positive prenatal maternal depression screen.
Lipids Affect the Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interaction and Promote Nonlytic Exocytosis

Many microbes exploit host cellular lipid droplets during the host-microbe interaction, but this phenomenon has not been extensively studied for fungal pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the role of lipid droplets during the interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with macrophages in the presence and the absence of exogenous lipids, in particular, oleate. The addition of oleic acid increased the frequency of lipid droplets in both C. neoformans and macrophages. C. neoformans responded to oleic acid supplementation by faster growth inside and outside macrophages. Fungal cells were able to harvest lipids from macrophage lipid droplets. Supplementation of C. neoformans and macrophages with oleic acid significantly increased the rate of nonlytic exocytosis while having no effect on lytic exocytosis. The process for lipid modulation of nonlytic exocytosis was associated with actin changes in macrophages. In summary, C. neoformans harvests lipids from macrophages, and the C. neoformans-macrophage interaction is modulated by exogenous lipids, providing a new tool for studying nonlytic exocytosis.
Does the use of pretreatment MRI change the management of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer

Breast MRI plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of preoperative breast MRI on the management of a large cohort of breast cancer patients at our institution. This study is a retrospective chart review of all newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative breast MRI at our institution between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. 1352 patients comprised the study population. 241 (17.8%) patients underwent a change in surgical management as a result of preoperative MRI. Patients with tumors in the lower inner quadrant and the central breast and those with pathology of invasive lobular carcinoma were significantly more likely to have their management changed by preoperative MRI. There was also a significant trend for larger tumors to be associated with a change in surgical management. No statistically significant association was found between breast density and change in management. This study supports the recommendation for the use of preoperative breast MRI in the majority of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, especially those with larger tumors, pathology of invasive lobular carcinoma, and tumors in the lower inner quadrant. Preoperative breast MRI is a useful tool for the evaluation of additional disease that led to a change in the surgical management of 17.8% of patients.
Panama's First Post-Transition Election

The purpose of this article is to provide, for specialists as well as those who do not follow Panamanian politics, an account of the 1994 election and an assessment of its significance in terms of the consolidation of democracy in Panama. Panama held its first post-transition national election on 8 May 1994, in which not only presidential and legislative, but also local, offices were contested. This analysis addresses both the electoral process and its product, i.e., which parties and candidates won. These two aspects are assessed separately because they (1) reflect different political dynamics and (2) have different implications for democratic consolidation. As a process, Panama's 1994 election reflected the substantial progress made toward institutionalizing an independent, nonpartisan Electoral Tribunal and building the public's confidence that their votes cast will determine who wins.
An End-to-End Deep Learning Architecture for Graph Classification

Neural networks are typically designed to deal with data in tensor forms. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network architecture accepting graphs of arbitrary structure. Given a dataset containing graphs in the form of (G,y) where G is a graph and y is its class, we aim to develop neural networks that read the graphs directly and learn a classification function. There are two main challenges: 1) how to extract useful features characterizing the rich information encoded in a graph for classification purpose, and 2) how to sequentially read a graph in a meaningful and consistent order. To address the first challenge, we design a localized graph convolution model and show its connection with two graph kernels. To address the second challenge, we design a novel SortPooling layer which sorts graph vertices in a consistent order so that traditional neural networks can be trained on the graphs. Experiments on benchmark graph classification datasets demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves highly competitive performance with state-of-the-art graph kernels and other graph neural network methods. Moreover, the architecture allows end-to-end gradient-based training with original graphs, without the need to first transform graphs into vectors.
Impact & Blast Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Therapy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most frequent causes of combat casualties in Operations Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Enduring Freedom (OEF), and New Dawn (OND). Although less common than combat-related blast exposure, there have been significant numbers of blast injuries in civilian populations in the United States. Current United States Department of Defense (DoD) ICD-9 derived diagnoses of TBI in the DoD Health Care System show that, for 2016, severe and moderate TBIs accounted for just 0.7% and 12.9%, respectively, of the total of 13,634 brain injuries, while mild TBIs (mTBIs) accounted for 86% of the total. Although there is a report that there are differences in the frequency of long-term complications in mTBI between blast and non-blast TBIs, clinical presentation is classified by severity score rather than mechanism because severity scoring is associated with prognosis in clinical practice. Blast TBI (bTBI) is unique in its pathology and mechanism, but there is no treatment specific for bTBIs—these patients are treated similarly to TBIs in general and therapy is tailored on an individual basis. Currently there is no neuroprotective drug recommended by the clinical guidelines based on evidence.
Concluding Remarks: Future of Sustainability and Resilience Planning

This chapter of the book concludes the text by addressing the future of sustainability and resilience planning, and complexities of the modern dynamics of the interconnected systems in local governments, and recommending how it is necessary for city and county administrators in their planning methods and strategies to consider these challenges. The final chapter discusses the future of communities from sustainability and resilience perspectives. Most planning efforts put forth by local governments will include sustainable and resilience components, and beyond climate change, cities and counties will face other challenges in the future. The answer to maximizing the sustainability momentum in local governments is to embed resilience into strategic initiatives and plans.
Shape from Shading with and without Boundary Conditions

The shape from shading field attracts the attention of many researchers. Several methods have been proposed in several domains of computer vision. Two classes of methods are used: local and global resolution methods. Local methods deal with each pixel and its neighbors. Global methods, however, deal with all the pixels of the image at the same time. Other methods of resolution are integration methods which may be local or global. Integration methods, solve the problem of shape from shading throw two steps: the generation of the needle-map then its integration to generate the 3D object. This chapter proposes a new needle-Map integration method. The needle-Map is calculated from an image generated by a perspective camera. At first the boundary conditions was supposed to be known to solve the problem, then an improvement is performed to integrate the needle map without boundary conditions thanks to the utilization of a singular point of the image. The proposed technique was tested on synthetic and real images.
Predictors of depression among older African American cancer patients.

Background—Depression is becoming an increasing concern in cancer patients because of its impact on quality of life. Although risk factors of having depression have been examined in the literature, there has been no research examining these factors in older African American cancer patients. Objective—This study explores the demographic and illness-related risk factors in older African American cancer patients. Methods—Two hundred eighty-three patients were recruited from outpatient oncology clinics. These older African American patients completed a questionnaire that included the Geriatric Depression Scale as well as sociodemographic characteristics and medical information. χ 2 Tests, trend tests, and logistic regression were used to identify the demographic and illness-related factors that predict depression in the sample. Results—The overall prevalence of depression in the sample was 27.2%. Younger age (<65 years), employment status, proximity to family, and multiple symptoms due to cancer or treatment were independent predictors of depression. Conclusion—This study represents the first attempt to describe the risk factors of depression within older African American cancer patients. Findings indicate a high prevalence of depression in African American cancer patients which can be attributed to identifiable risk factors. Implications for Practice—An understanding of the risk factors associated with depression can be used to identify those cancer patients at risk for depression and initiate early interventions to improve psychological outcomes and lessen the potential burden of cancer on these patients.
LIVER IMAGING: A Surgeon's Perspective

Recently, the treatment of liver lesions has evolved from limited treatment options to effective therapeutic alternatives. Among therapeutic options, extended liver resection can now be performed safely with minimal mortality and low morbidity. New techniques, such as enucleation or cryoablation, are available where parenchymal-sparing procedures are needed. In addition, other interventions, such as hepatic artery embolization of tumors and, in some cases, portal vein embolization of a lobe or more, have allowed preoperative downstaging of some tumors and the remodeling of nontumoral hepatic parenchyma in anticipation of major resection. An accurate diagnosis and precise determination of the extent of disease are, therefore, essential. This article reviews the segmental anatomy of the liver, which is the basis of modern hepatic surgery. Liver regeneration and the factors affecting liver volumes and the pathophysiology of the atrophy-hypertrophy complex are discussed. Benign and malignant focal liver lesions are reviewed from a surgeon's perspective. Finally, an imaging strategy is proposed and the treatment options outlined.
Temperament as Risk and Protective Factors in Obesogenic Eating: Relations Among Parent Temperament, Child Temperament, and Child Food Preference and Eating

Children’s food preferences and eating behaviors have implications for their health and weight status, serving as risk or protective factors for obesity. Although parent and child factors influence...
Human Epididymis Secretory Protein 4 (HE4) Compromises Cytotoxic Mononuclear Cells via Inducing Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6

While selective overexpression of serum clinical biomarker Human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4) is indicative of ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, much is still known about the mechanistic role of the HE4 gene or gene product. Here, we examine the role of the secretory glycoprotein HE4 in ovarian cancer immune evasion. Through modified subtractive hybridization analyses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we have characterized gene targets of HE4 and established a preliminary mechanism of HE4-mediated immune failure in ovarian tumors. Dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) emerged as the most upregulated gene in PBMCs upon in vitro exposure to HE4. DUSP6 was found to be upregulated in CD8+ cells and CD56+ cells. HE4 exposure reduced Erk1/2 phosphorylation specifically in these cell populations and the effect was erased by co-incubation with a DUSP6 inhibitor, (E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BCI). In co-culture with PBMCs, HE4-silenced SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells exhibited enhanced proliferation upon exposure to external HE4, while this effect was partially attenuated by adding BCI to the culture. Additionally, the reversal effects of BCI were erased in the co-culture with CD8+ / CD56+ cell deprived PBMCs. Taken together, these findings show that HE4 enhances tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer by compromising cytotoxic CD8+ and CD56+ cells through upregulation of self-produced DUSP6.
Adolescent obesity in the past decade: A systematic review of genetics and determinants of food choice.

Background and purpose As the incidence of global obesity increases, concerns about adverse health outcomes in adolescents continues to rise. The complexity and expense of this problem require early recognition and specific preventive treatments. Knowledge of genetics and determinants of food choices contributing to adolescent obesity warrants further examination. The primary goal was to appraise the literature from the past decade (2007-2017) on the current state of food choice and genetic determinants of adolescent overweight/obesity in the United States. The secondary goal was to determine trends in the literature and areas for future research. Methods A systematic review of research studies in the United States from 2007 to 2017 was completed. Database searches were conducted using CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 535 studies were selected. Of these, 283 studies focused on determinants of food choices and 165 studies focused on genetic factors. Conclusions A total of 41 full-text articles included in this literature review contained studies limited exclusively to adolescents. Stress factors related to food choices demonstrated a new trend being explored. The need for precision health, the application of genetic information, could uncover ways food choices affect adolescent obesity. Implications for practice The etiology of adolescent obesity requires that nurses gain knowledge of genetics and food choice determinants to inform personalized treatments for adolescents, which may establish effective interventions that promote healthy weight achievement.