cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Synthetic Quorum Sensing Modulators in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: New Insights into Mechanism, Active Efflux Susceptibility, Phenotypic Response, and Next-Generation Ligand Design.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a chemical signaling mechanism that allows bacterial populations to coordinate gene expression in response to social and environmental cues. Many bacterial pathogens use QS to initiate infection at high cell densities. Over the past two decades, chemical antagonists of QS in pathogenic bacteria have attracted substantial interest for use both as tools to further elucidate QS mechanisms and, with further development, potential anti-infective agents. Considerable recent research has been devoted to the design of small molecules capable of modulating the LasR QS receptor in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These molecules hold significant promise in a range of contexts; however, as most compounds have been developed independently, comparative activity data for these compounds are scarce. Moreover, the mechanisms by which the bulk of these compounds act are largely unknown. This paucity of data has stalled the choice of an optimal chemical scaffold for further advancem...
Structure, Growth and Direction of Manufacturing Industries

According to national accounts data, manufacturing industries have been contributing close to 18 percent of GDP in recent years, of which about 14 percent is contributed by “large and medium-scale” industries while the remainder is contributed by “small-scale” industries (Table 2.2). Together manufacturing has already become the largest sector of the economy though still substantially below its peak share in recent history of development, as demonstrated in Chapter 4. Indeed, we argue here that the share of manufacturing in GDP may already be higher than what the national accounts data show.
Robust memory of where from way back when: evidence from behaviour and visual attention.

ABSTRACTRetention of events typically exhibits a sharp initial decrease followed by levelling off of forgetting. In an apparent exception to this general rule, college students have robust memory for their own locations in obscured versions of photographs of their entering classes taken during orientation-related activities, whether tested 2 months or 42 months after the event. Experiment 1 of the present research was a test for conceptual replication of this finding in photographs depicting more than twice the number of students (and thus potential distracters). There was no difference in memory accuracy for personal spatial location across retention intervals of 6–30 months. Experiment 2 featured 40-h and 2-month retention intervals, thereby providing a more fine-grained test of the forgetting function. The findings replicated Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, eye-tracking measures of visual attention revealed that participants rapidly fixated their own spatial locations within the photographs, even in the...
Cryoablation of cT1 renal masses in the “healthy” patient: Early outcomes from Mayo Clinic.

433Background: Current guidelines suggest that percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) can be utilized in those with significant comorbidity who are unable to tolerate surgery (radical or partial nephrectomy). However, the use of PTA in healthy patients, who are otherwise candidates for surgery, has been limited. Here, we reviewed our institutional experience in healthy patients electing to undergo PTA, specifically cryoablation. Methods: We identified patients ≤65 years undergoing percutaneous cryoablation for solitary, non-metastatic renal masses 60. Clincopathologic characteristics and recurrence patterns (local recurrence within the kidney versus metastatic disease) were evaluated. Results: Between March 2003 and December 2015, 705 patients underwent cryoablation, of whom 43 (6.1%) were deemed to be “healthy”. Median age of this cohort was 57 years (IQR 52−62), with pre-ablation eGFR of 7...
Doubly paradoxical functions of one variable

Abstract This paper concerns three kinds of seemingly paradoxical real valued functions of one variable. The first two, defined on R , are the celebrated continuous nowhere differentiable functions, known as Weierstrass's monsters, and everywhere differentiable nowhere monotone functions—simultaneously smooth and very rugged—to which we will refer as differentiable monsters. The third kind was discovered only recently and consists of differentiable functions f defined on a compact perfect subset X of R which has derivative equal zero on its entire domain, making it everywhere pointwise contractive, while, counterintuitively, f maps X onto itself. The goal of this note is to show that this pointwise shrinking globally stable map f can be extended to functions f , g : R → R which are differentiable and Weierstrass's monsters, respectively. Thus, we pack three paradoxical examples into two functions. The construction of f is based on the following variant of Jarnik's Extension Theorem: For every differentiable function f from a closed P ⊆ R into R there exists its differentiable extension f ˆ : R → R such that f ˆ is nowhere monotone on R ∖ P .
Status of Thermal Conductivity Standard Reference Materials at the National Bureau of Standards

This paper describes the present status of NBS thermal conductivity Standard Reference Materials (SRM’s) and Calibrated Transfer Specimens (CTS’s). Included are the metal SRM’s, tungsten, electrolytic iron, and austenitic stainless steel. Also discussed is graphite, a soon-to-be-established SRM, and candidate SRM’s, such as black quartz. Finally, a description is given of the insulation SRM’s and CTS’s.
Recovery Rates of Evoked Potentials, Intracellular pH and Bicarbonate Ion After ICP-Induced Ischemia

Intracellular acidosis is thought to be one of the major factors that contribute to cerebral injury during ischemia. Upon reperfusion, intracellular pH (pHi) eventually recovers, but normalization is not immediate (Smith et al. 1986). The speed of recovery of pHi is probably slower than the speed at which pHi drops during the onset of ischemia because regeneration of intracellular buffers requires a finite time. We postulated that the rate of recovery of pHi may be a marker of cerebral injury because it may reflect the brain’s ability to restore ionic gradients necessary for conductive function. In addition, persistent acidosis during reperfusion may further augment injury.
Differential Dispersion and Nutrient-Plankton Distributions

Abstract Differential dispersion rates were postulated for dissolved nutrients, plankton, and fish in an upwelling plume with constant inputs. Observations off the coast of Peru prompted an ecological model involving phytoplankton, zooplankton, nitrate, a mmonium, silicate, and anchoveta. The biological-chemical interactions were linearized and coupled to turbulent transport. Steady state solutions assuming a fixed anchoveta distribution showed that the horizontal distribution of phyto-plankton w a s quite sensitive to different phytoplankton dispersion rates, whereas nutrients and zooplankton were not.
A Surgeon's Guide to the Various Antibiotic Dips Available During Penile Prosthesis Implantation

Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is a treatment for erectile dysfunction. IPPs have undergone improvements; however, post-surgical infections still occur. Furthermore, the type of pathogens infecting the implants has changed recently from Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria and fungi due to advances in antibiotic dips targeting the skin flora. To protect against infection, the AMS 700 is pre-coated with InhibiZone (mixture of Rifampin/Minocycline) and the Coloplast Titan, with several antibiotic dip options of differing efficacies. This review discusses strategies to decrease the infection rates in implant surgery, focusing on antibiotic dips. Current research endorses the use of rifampin/gentamicin as the most studied combination; however, some studies have utilized different dips for additional coverage including the InhibiZone on the AMS 700. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes and Gram-negative organisms, there is a need to develop strategies for increased coverage against infections. Controlled studies with different antibiotic combinations are needed to identify the ideal cocktail to decrease infection.
Prospective Analysis of Hand Infection Rates in Elective Soft Tissue Procedures of the Hand: The Role of Preoperative Antibiotics

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective hand surgery in preventing postoperative infection. Methods: Between 2009 and 2012, we performed a multicenter trial in which patients undergoing elective hand surgeries were categorized into an antibiotic or control group depending on the center they were enrolled in. Surgical site infections were defined according to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Results: In total, 434 patients were included: 257 did not receive antibiotics (control) and 177 received antibiotics at a mean age of 61.0 years. In the control group, comorbidities were more common with 23.7% (61/257) in comparison to the antibiotics group with 14.1% (25/177). Only one surgical site infection in each group was identified. One wound was opened surgically, and an antimicrobial treatment was indicated in both cases. In addition, we observed four complications in the control group and three complications in the antibiotics group which required conservative management. No significant differences in the two cohorts in infection rate (0.006% vs 0.003%, χ2 = 0.07, P > .05) and complication rate (2.8% vs 1.6%, χ2 = 0.01, P > .05) were found. Conclusions: Our prospective multicenter trial showed no significant difference in infection rate in elective hand surgery whether antibiotics were administered preoperatively or not.
Surgery Is Associated With Survival Benefit in T4a Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A National Analysis.

Background The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend consideration of surgery for clinical T4a esophageal adenocarcinoma. There are limited data on the outcomes of patients with T4a adenocarcinoma treated with surgery vs definitive chemoradiation, however. Methods The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients from 2010-2015 with clinical T4aN0-3M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma, and grouped by receipt of surgery (with or without perioperative therapy) or definitive, concurrent chemoradiation. Patients receiving incomplete definitive therapy or with missing survival information were excluded. Overall survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results Of 182 patients in the study, 85 (47%) underwent esophagectomy and 97 (53%) underwent chemoradiation. In the surgery cohort, 79 patients (93%) received perioperative chemotherapy. Unadjusted and multivariable analyses demonstrated a significant survival benefit associated with surgery compared with definitive chemoradiotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0.32; 95% confidence interval 0.21, 0.50). A 1:1 propensity score–matched analysis of 63 patient pairs also revealed a significant overall survival benefit with surgery compared with chemoradiotherapy alone (hazard ratio 0.26; 95% confidence interval 0.16, 0.43). Conclusions In this national analysis, surgery for cT4a esophageal adenocarcinoma was associated with improved outcomes when compared with definitive chemoradiation. Surgery should be considered for medically fit patients with cT4aN0-3M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma.
The Impact of Emotional Regulation Strategies on Pain Catastrophizing in the Context of Interpersonal Relationships.

Objectives The Communal Coping Model suggests that pain catastrophizing may serve to elicit support from others. What is not known is how emotional regulation, namely emotional inhibition, impacts pain catastrophizing within the context of an interpersonal relationship. Individuals who have a greater tendency to emotionally inhibit may have a greater likelihood to use catastrophizing as a means for seeking support, particularly in relationships characterized by satisfaction and emotional validation. Methods Data were collected from 50 undergraduate couples at the University of Michigan-Dearborn. Participants were videotaped during the completion of an acute pain cold pressor task and completed measures involving pain catastrophizing, emotional inhibition, and relationship dynamics (ie, Ambivalence Over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire, White Bear Suppression Inventory, Dyadic Adjustment Scale). In addition, the videotaped interactions were coded for both invalidation/validation and overt expressions of pain catastrophizing. Results Emotional inhibition, and both validation and invalidation were associated with pain catastrophizing. Observed validation and invalidation were not, however, directly associated with relationship satisfaction. Hierarchical linear regression showed a significant interaction between thought suppression and relationship satisfaction to predict pain catastrophizing. Discussion Results show relationship satisfaction moderates the association between pain catastrophizing and thought suppression in a manner in which couples with high levels of relationship satisfaction who also engage in thought suppression are more likely to use pain catastrophizing as a cognitive strategy to elicit support. This study offers direction into treatment and suggests that couples based cognitive-behavioral treatments that aim to utilize adaptive cognitive and behavioral coping strategies, as well as emotional exploration and validation, may be beneficial.
Training Community-Based Health Workers

This chapter focuses on the training of community-based health workers from a participatory organizational perspective. Tashina Vavuris argues that health practitioners receive a significant amount of training before and after they enter the field. But often, this education is mostly pragmatic, that is, focused on how to conduct needs assessments, evaluate interventions, or implement accreditation standards. Of course, these tasks are important. But this education does not necessarily begin with the philosophy that sustains community-based work. When beginning with the principle that community knowledge matters, training must be initiated with how to enter the world constructed by a community’s members. Every task, accordingly, must be thought of as a mode of engaging a community, instead of simply gathering data or making observations. Valid knowledge, communities, and norms, for example, must be rethought in the training process to produce persons who can work effectively in community-based interventions. This shift in orientation is not often currently the centerpiece of training.
BFF: Bayesian, Fiducial, Frequentist Analysis of Age Effects in Daily Diary Data.

Objectives We apply new statistical models to daily diary data to advance both methodological and conceptual goals. We examine age effects in within-person slopes in daily diary data and introduce Generalized Fiducial Inference (GFI), which provides a compromise between frequentist and Bayesian inference. We use daily stressor exposure data across six domains to generate within-person emotional reactivity slopes with daily negative affect. We test for systematic age differences and similarities in these reactivity slopes, which are inconsistent in previous research. Method One hundred and eleven older (aged 60-90) and 108 younger (aged 18-36) adults responded to daily stressor and negative affect questions each day for eight consecutive days, resulting in 1,438 total days. Daily stressor domains included arguments, avoided arguments, work/volunteer stressors, home stressors, network stressors, and health-related stressors. Results Using Bayesian, GFI, and frequentist paradigms, we compared results for the six stressor domains with a focus on interpreting age effects in within-person reactivity. Multilevel models suggested null age effects in emotional reactivity across each of the paradigms within the domains of avoided arguments, work/volunteer stressors, home stressors, and health-related stressors. However, the models diverged with respect to null age effects in emotional reactivity to arguments and network stressors. Discussion The three paradigms converged on null age effects in reactivity for four of the six stressor domains. GFI is a useful tool that provides additional information when making determinations regarding null age effects in within-person slopes. We provide the code for readers to apply these models to their own data.
Older adults incarcerated in state prison: health and quality of life disparities between age cohorts.

This research sought to describe the physical and psychological health and quality of life among older adult men incarcerated in a state prison and to examine the role of age and historical time be...
Initial assessment of 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) towards quantitative brain imaging for radiation therapy

Purpose Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) provides quantitative T1/T2 maps, enabling applications in clinical radiotherapy such as large-scale, multi-center clinical trials for longitudinal assessment of therapy response. We evaluated the feasibility of a quantitative three-dimensional-MRF (3D-MRF) towards its radiotherapy applications of primary brain tumors. Methods A fast whole-brain 3D-MRF sequence initially developed for diagnostic radiology was optimized using flexible body coils, which is the typical MR imaging setup for radiotherapy treatment planning and for MR imaging (MRI)-guided treatment delivery. Optimization criteria included the accuracy and the precision of T1/T2 quantifications of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions, compared to those from the 3D-MRF using a 32-channel head coil. The accuracy of T1/T2 quantifications from the optimized MRF was first examined in healthy volunteers with two different coil setups. The intra- and inter-scanner variations of image intensity from the optimized sequence were quantified by longitudinal scans of the PVP solutions on two 3T scanners. Using a 3D-printed MRI geometry phantom, susceptibility-induced distortion with the optimized 3D-MRF was quantified as the Dice coefficient of phantom contours, compared to those from CT images. By introducing intentional head motion during 10% of the scan, the robustness of the optimized 3D-MRF towards motion was evaluated through visual inspection of motion artifacts and through quantitative analysis of image sharpness in brain MRF maps. Results The optimized sequence acquired whole-brain T1, T2 and proton density maps and with a resolution of 1.2 × 1.2 × 3 mm3 in 10 min, similar to the total acquisition time of 3D T1- and T2-weighted images of the same resolution. In vivo T1 and T2 values of the white and gray matter were consistent with literature. The intra- and inter-scanner variability of the intensity-normalized MRF T1 was 1.0% ± 0.7% and 2.3% ± 1.0% respectively, in contrast to 5.3% ± 3.8% and 3.2% ± 1.6% from the normalized T1-weighted MRI. Repeatability and reproducibility of MRF T1 were independent of intensity normalization. Both phantom and human data demonstrated that the optimized 3D-MRF is more robust to subject motion and artifacts from subject-specific susceptibility difference. Compared to CT contours, the Dice coefficient of phantom contours from 3D-MRF was 0.93, improved from 0.87 from the T1-weighted MRI. Conclusion Compared to conventional MRI, the optimized 3D-MRF demonstrated improved repeatability across time points and reproducibility across scanners for better tissue quantification, as well as improved robustness to subject-specific susceptibility and motion artifacts under a typical MR imaging setup for radiotherapy. More importantly, quantitative MRF T1/T2 measurements lead to promising potentials towards longitudinal quantitative assessment of treatment response for better adaptive therapy and for large-scale, multi-center clinical trials.
Defective postreplication repair of UV photoproducts in melanoma: a mutator phenotype.

In this issue, the Gabrielli laboratory and collaborators address the bulky CPD lesions created in DNA when UV joins two adjacent pyrimidines (thymine or cytosine), leading to skin cancers such as melanoma (Pavey S et al. (2019) Mol Oncol). Our understanding of postreplication repair mechanisms for bulky lesions has lagged, and the newly reported predominance of translational control in the UV response has important implications. Image taken from Creative Commons Blacklight bulb in ultraviolet by brx0, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. Commentary on.
Collapse of loaded fractal trees

A fractal tree with a statistical distribution of leg strengths provides a hierarchical model for the failure of a structure under an externally applied load. Transfer of load from failed legs to adjacent unbroken regions induces further failure and results in catastrophic collapse of the structure at a critical value of the applied load.
Association of empty nest and group activity with cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives This study explored the associations of empty nest and group activity with cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults. Materials and methods Data were analyzed from 10,349 participants of the second-round survey database of the Zhejiang Ageing and Health Cohort Study aged 60 years and over. Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaire. Logistic regression models controlled for an extensive range of potential confounders were generated to examine the associations of empty nest and group activity with cognitive impairment. Results No association was found between empty nest and cognitive impairment in total participants. However, when stratified by sex, empty nest women were less likely to have cognitive impairment than non-empty nest women, odds ratio (OR) (95 % confidence interval [CI]) (0.846; 0.721, 0.993). Elders who participated in group activities showed significantly lower odds of cognitive impairment than those who never attended group activities, (0.811; 0.723, 0.910). This association remained significant in the 60–69-years group when further stratified by age, with an OR (95 % CI) of 0.616 (0.514, 0.739). Conclusions Empty nesters were not vulnerable to poor cognitive function. Participation in group activities was significantly associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment. Prospective studies are needed to assess the effect of empty nest and group activity on the risk of cognitive impairment.
Xist drives spatial compartmentalization of DNA and protein to orchestrate initiation and maintenance of X inactivation.

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the process whereby one of the X chromosomes in female mammalian cells is silenced to equalize X-linked gene expression with males. XCI depends on the long noncoding RNA Xist, which coats the inactive X chromosome in cis and triggers a cascade of events that ultimately lead to chromosome-wide transcriptional silencing that is stable for the lifetime of an organism. In recent years, the discovery of proteins that interact with Xist have led to new insights into how the initiation of XCI occurs. Nevertheless, there are still various unknowns about the mechanisms by which Xist orchestrates and maintains stable X-linked silencing. Here, we review recent work elucidating the role of Xist and its protein partners in mediating chromosome-wide transcriptional repression, as well as discuss a model by which Xist may compartmentalize proteins across the inactive X chromosome to enable both the initiation and maintenance of XCI.
Embedding Ethnocultural Empathy in a Community-Based Health Intervention Writing Assignment

This article describes an undergraduate health sciences course where students propose a community-level intervention that addresses a local health disparity. Students use community planning principles and health equity concepts as a final project in their 8-week online community-engaged course. The student-proposed project engages a community in health education or promotion-program planning and allows for faculty assessment of pedagogical decisions. A curricular commitment to health equity enhances the capacity and competency of learners to address the structural inequities that fuel pervasive health disparities among socially disadvantaged populations. Ethnocultural empathy or racial/ethnic perspective taking is used as a measurable competency. The final paper requires students to describe how the perspectives of Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) have shaped their proposed community intervention. They are also asked to offer recommendations on how to best mitigate the racial bias that may show up in community-based interventions.
The Civil Code and The Transformation of German Society; The Politics of Gender Inequality, 1814-1919

This dissertation examines the efforts of German liberals to reform Central Europe's legal system from the mid-1810s to 1900. As reactionary conservatives regained power after Napoleon's defeat in 1815, German liberals explored alternative avenues for political expression and reform. Detoured by the Restoration, they weighed the long-term prospects for reform and resolved to pursue a slower yet equally energetic course, by initiating a cultural project to anchor republicanism in the hearts and minds of Germans as well as German law. In this, legal scholars cooperated closely with romantic writers. Accordingly, this study focuses on the development of private law, especially the German Civil Code of 1900, and what the introduction of modern civil law in Central Europe reveals about the course of German liberalism and liberal political theory. Examining the legal institutionalization of 'modern' gender relations, it argues that 'liberals' achieved considerable success in reforming Germany into the republican civil society they envisioned.
Prenatal cadmium exposure alters proliferation in mouse CD4+ T cells via LncRNA Snhg7

Objective: Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure leads to immunotoxic phenotypes in the offspring affecting coding and non-coding genes. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are integral to T cell regulation. Here, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA hostgene 7 (lncSnhg7) in T cell proliferation. Methods: RNA sequencing was used to analyze the expression of lncRNAs in splenic CD4+ T cells with and without CD3/CD28 stimulation. Next, T cells isolated from offspring exposed to control or Cd water throughout mating and gestation were analyzed with and without stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. Quantitative qPCR and western blotting were used to detect RNA and protein levels of specific genes. Overexpression of a miR-34a mimic was achieved using nucleofection. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and luminescence assays. Flow cytometry was also used to measure T cell proliferation in culture. Results: We identified 23 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in stimulated versus unstimulated T cells, including lncSnhg7. LncSnhg7 and a downstream protein, GALNT7, are upregulated in T cells from offspring exposed to Cd during gestation. Overexpression of miR-34a, a regulator of lncSnhg7 and GALNT7, suppresses GALNT7 protein levels in primary T cells, but not in a mouse T lymphocyte cell line. The T cells isolated from Cd-exposed offspring exhibit increased proliferation after activation in vitro, but Treg suppression and CD4+ T cell apoptosis are not affected by prenatal Cd exposure. Conclusion: Prenatal Cd exposure alters the expression of lncRNAs during T cell activation. The induction of lncSnhg7 is enhanced in splenic T cells from Cd offspring resulting in the upregulation of GALNT7 protein and increased proliferation following activation. miR-34a overexpression decreased GALNT7 expression suggesting that the lncSnhg7/miR-34a/GALNT7 is an important pathway in primary CD4+ T cells. These data highlight the need to understand the consequences of environmental exposures on lncRNA functions in non-cancerous cells as well as the effects in utero.
Female Law Librarians as Pioneer Women Law Professors: A (Belated) Response to Dean Kay, with Some Suggested Additions to Her Canonical List.

The late Herma Hill Kay was the preeminent cataloguer of the pioneer women law professors of the modern era, that is, those who taught after the advent of formalized quality recognition of law schools, either through membership in the Association of American Law Schools (which began in 1900) or through American Bar Association accreditation (which began in 1923). Dean Kay excluded from her list female law librarians who held titles of ordinary faculty professorial rank, apparently because, form her point of view, they were not recognized as “full-fledged” faculty members. In my view this was a questionable omission. The very fact that they were granted professorial rank, at a time when such status was rare for law librarians and even rarer for female law librarians, cuts strongly in favor of adding them to any list of pioneer women law faculty, and to that end the article identifies those librarians who carried professorial rank at ABA/AALS law schools from 1923 through 1959 for inclusion on the list of pioneer woman law professors. But first, the article address a broader methodological point concerning Dean Kay’s list. Dean Kay sought to include in her list of female pioneer law professors only those who would have been fully recognized as members of the legal academy, even by the dominant males of the academy. Under this stringent standard, she counted only female faculty members at schools that were both ABA-accredited and admitted to membership in the Association of American Law Schools (AALS). I have no quibble with a restrictive approach, directed as it is to an important question of the status of women in the legal academy. However, accepting Dean Kay’s time frame, which is anchored to the beginning of ABA accreditation in 1923, I believe it was a mistake to exclude female full-time faculty with professorial rank at ABA-accredited law schools which were not members of the AALS. There were not many of these—the article only identifies three. But these three should be on any list of pioneer woman law professors.
The Battered Mother’S Struggle In New York: The Laws And Policies That Led To The Removal Of Children From Their Abused Mothers Based On The Child’S Exposure To Domestic Violence

Ms. Sharwline Nicholson probably did not realize that what she experienced on January 7, 1999 would change her life, the lives of her two children, and ultimately, the lives of many other battered mothers and children in New York. A thirty-two-year-old mother of two, Ms. Nicholson worked as a full-time cashier and attended classes full-time at Mercy College. Mr. Barnett, the father of Ms. Nicholson’s children, lived in South Carolina but visited the children in New York on a monthly basis. Ms. Nicholson told Mr. Barnett she was ending their relationship during one of his visits in early 1999. Mr. Barnett, who had never behaved violently toward Ms. Nicholson, “punched her, kicked her, and threw objects at her. When he left, her head was bleeding profusely.” During this brutal assault, one of her children slept in her crib in another room and the other child was at school. In the emergency room, Ms. Nicholson provided police with the phone numbers of her cousins who could care for her children, then remained in the hospital overnight. That night, while Ms. Nicholson lay in her hospital bed, caseworkers from New York City Administration for Children’s Services (ACS) removed her two children from a babysitter’s home. ACS charged Ms. Nicholson with child neglect, alleging that her children were in “imminent risk if they remained in the care of Ms. Nicholson because she was not, at that time, able to protect herself nor her children because Mr. Barnett had viciously beaten her.” Sharwline Nicholson and several battered mothers, whose children were similarly removed by child welfare caseworkers, filed a class-action lawsuit against ACS and the City of New York. These abused mothers alleged that ACS’s policy and practice of removing children from their mother’s custody solely on the grounds that the mothers were victims of abuse violated substantive and procedural due process. The District Court enjoined ACS from its practices,
The Question of the Unity of the Human Sciences Revisited

We have chosen to address the question of the Unity of the human sciences because it is surely evident both to the internal and the external observer of the scene that the current sciences of man have gravitated into a situation of crisis. A discord has settled in on this scene, producing a veritable Tower of Babel in which each of the several human sciences speaks with its own tongue, resulting in a distressing breakdown of communication not only within the human sciences but within the republic of human knowledge more generally.
Southern Regional Education Board: Serving Community Colleges in the South

The Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan regional compact focused on critical issues with strong potential to improve quality of life by advancing public education. Designed primarily for legislators and other policymakers and policyshapers, SREB’s research is policy-oriented, descriptive, and centered on statewide public education. SREB is a leading information resource and holds decades of national, regional, and state postsecondary data to support the policy work including publications such as the Essential Elements series and other policy briefs. The recent Commission on Community Colleges report, Strengthening readiness and pathways, offers recommendations to foster a robust discussion on the role of these institutions and their potential over the next decade (see www.sreb.org). The commission’s discussions and research underscored three important areas where community colleges are critical: educational attainment, readiness, and pathways. Among the many data points th...
Temperature-dependent shape transition in 166Er.

The finite-temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov cranking equation is solved for $^{166}\mathrm{Er}$ for temperatures up to 2.8 MeV and spins up to 60\ensuremath{\Elzxh}. The deformation, pair gaps, moment-of-inertia, and level density parameter are determined as functions of the temperature and the angular momentum. For a fixed spin, increasing the temperature induces a transition from a prolate shape to an oblate shape, and a transition from collective rotation to noncollective rotation. The spin dependence of the critical temperature is determined.
Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Multiplex PCRs for the Highly Discriminating OSU 10-Locus Set Y-STRs*,†

In a previous study, a new set of Y-chromosome short tandem repeats, the OSU 10-locus set (MPM1 and MPM2), was shown to have a higher discrimination power when evaluated against the 10 SWGDAM loci on a common population panel. Here, we describe the optimization of the multiplex reactions using dye-labeled primers followed by performance evaluations. The loci exhibited high precision, human male specificity, reliability in different body fluids, high sensitivity, stability, and the ability to amplify nonprobative casework and mixture samples. Stutter for the all of the loci, with the exception of the highly polymorphic locus DYS688, was similar to that observed for autosomal loci. The results of the performance evaluations reinforced the utility of these loci.
The HIV-1 Tat protein enhances megakaryocytic commitment of K562 cells by facilitating CREB transcription factor coactivation by CBP

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein regulates transcription factor functions and alters cellular gene expression. Because hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) differentiation requires activation of lineage-specific transcription factors, Tat may affect hematopoiesis in HIV-1-infected micro-environments. We have monitored the molecular effects of Tat on megakaryocytic differentiation in the HPC line, K562. Flow cytometry analysis of CD61 indicated that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (16 nM) stimulated megakaryocytic commitment of K562 cells was increased (3- to 4-fold) following exposure to Tat (1-100 ng/ml). Activation of the megakaryocytic transcription factor cAMP regulatory element binding protein (CREB) and its coactivation by the CREB binding protein (CBP) was subsequently monitored. CREB phosphorylation and DNA binding were measured by Western immunodetection and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), respectively. Within 2 hrs after stimulation, Tat increased both CREB phosphorylation and DNA binding by 7- to 10-fold. Transient cotransfection with CREB reporter and CBP expression plasmids demonstrated that Tat treatment increases (3- to 4-fold) both PMA-stimulated and CBP-mediated transcription via the cAMP regulatory element. Histone acetyl transferase (HAT) activity was increased (8- to 10-fold) in Tat-stimulated cells, which suggested increased chromosomal accessibility of transcription factors. Two-hybrid cotransfection assays using reporter plasmid containing the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and expression plasmid coding for the GAL4-CBP fusion protein, showed that Tat increases (2-fold) CBP-mediated coactivation of CREB. Both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis showed that Tat treatment increases CBP gene expression (7- to 9-fold) and protein levels (5- to 7-fold) within 6-12 hrs after stimulation. Our findings indicated that Tat treatment increases both CREB function and CREB coactivation by CBP, which may facilitate megakaryocytic commitment of K562 cells. Induction of this molecular signaling by HIV-1 Tat protein may have relevance in understanding the HIV-induced hematologic manifestations and possibly in regulation of viral infectivity parameters in progenitor cell reservoirs.
Psalmus Gratiae Dei: Augustine's "Pauline" Reading of Psalm 311

L'A. etudie l'application par Augustin d'une methode paulinienne a sa lecture du Psaume 31, qui amene Augustin a conclure qu'il s'agit d'un psaume de grâce et de justification.
Behavioral and naltrexone treatment of self-injurious behavior

Severe self-injurious behavior in a boy with severe mental retardation and autistic disorder was successfully treated with a behavioral treatment package following a trial of naltrexone to reduce self-injurious behavior. The subject was a 7-year-old boy who was hospitalized for self-injurious behavior, aggression, and a reported increased irritability. During baseline assessment, the subject was physically and verbally interrupted and redirected whenever he engaged in self-injurious behavior. During the first treatment phase, pediatric “no-no” splints were applied and systematic splint fading began. In addition, differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) and a brief hand restraint were implemented. In the second treatment phase, naltrexone was administered with the continued use of systematic point fading, DRO and brief hand restraint. The third treatment phase consisted of a placebo trial and the same behavioral treatment. In the final phase, restraint fading continued and reinforcement was faded to a variable interval (VI)-3 minute schedule, as well as the use of brief hand restraint. This treatment package was effective in reducing this boy’s severe self-injurious behavior to zero upon discharge from the hospital. Follow-up data from the school indicated continued success with the use of the brief contingent hand restraint as well as reinforcement delivered on a VI-3 min schedule.
The lamin Dm0 allele Ari3 acts as an enhancer of position effect variegation of the wm4 allele in Drosophila

The association of lamin and lamin binding proteins with peripheral heterochromatin suggests the possibility that lamins may influence gene expression by participating in the epigenetic regulation of chromatin stucture. To test this hypothesis we have examined the effect of a recently generated partial loss-of-function lamin Dm0 allele Ari3 on PEV of the wm4 allele in the Drosophila eye. The LamAri3 allele is characterized by a truncation of the COOH-terminal domain and lacks the CaaX box that localizes lamin to the inner nuclear membrane. We show that the LamAri3 allele strongly increased silencing of wm4 expression, thus acting as an enhancer of PEV. These results indicate that lamins may be involved in regulating gene silencing and heterochromatic spreading at the wm4 locus and provide evidence that lamins may contribute to the regulation of higher-order chromatin organization.
Unsteady mixed convection in horizontal ducts with applications to chemical vapor deposition processes

Abstract Mixed convection in a horizontal rectangular duct of aspect ratio 4 heated from below with cold side walls was studied numerically for a non-Boussinesq fluid. Results are presented for a reduced temperature of 2.33 and a Rayleigh number of 130,700. The resulting flow field at Re = 25 consisted of four steady longitudinal vortices, symmetric about the duct centerline, with a leading transverse roll cell. A reduction to Re = 10 resulted in the introduction of traveling transverse waves. A further reduction Re = 5 resulted in a loss of symmetry about the duct centerline plane. Further work is underway to verify the Re = 5 results.
Flow-Induced Nematic String Phase in Semidilute Wormlike Micelle Solutions

We present a combination of flow-induced phenomena in a semidilute solution of connected wormlike micelles. These phenomena include a local isotropic-to-nematic transition and a flow-induced string phase. The experimental techniques include small-angle light scattering and 3D flow birefringence and enable a differentiation between contributions of convection, stress, and diffusion to the structural evolution and relaxation. Our results are in qualitative agreement with the two-fluid model of Brochard and De Gennes and the Turner and Cates model of a flow-induced 1D gel phase.
Phosphate removal by oceanic hydrothermal processes: An update of the phosphorus budget in the oceans

Abstract We present a compilation of dissolved phosphate and solid-phase P data from the oceanic crust to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal processes on the oceanic budget of P. Concentrations of phosphate in fluids that emanate from ridge-axis hydrothermal systems are less than that in bottom seawater. The extent of removal in these fluids is at least 30% and in some hydrothermal systems dissolved phosphate is removed completely from the circulating fluid. Evidence for the removal of phosphate in each of six ridge-flank hydrothermal systems is based on systematic variations in porewater profiles of phosphate and speeds of porewater flow. The extent of removal is >80% in these ridge-flank systems. These removal processes are recorded in the basaltic crust as an increase in P concentration that coincides with an increase in extent of alteration and content of ferric iron. Phosphate also is removed in hydrothermal plumes by coprecipitation with Fe oxyhydroxide particles, which eventually deposit on the seafloor. Each of these hydrothermal processes results in a flux of P into the oceanic crust. Bottom seawater flow through ridge-axis hydrothermal systems removes at most 0.4% of the preindustrial dissolved riverine flux of P, while ridge flanks remove at least 5%, but less than 50% of the dissolved riverine flux, consistent with P data from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 417 and 418. Removal of phosphate by coprecipitation with Fe-rich particles in hydrothermal plumes along ridge axes accounts for 18–33% of the dissolved riverine flux. Thus, hydrothermal systems remove about 50% of the preindustrial dissolved riverine flux of phosphate. We have included these new estimates in a revised budget for oceanic P.
Decision structure and time relations in simple choice behavior

The structure of simple decisions is considered in terms of a model which composes such decisions from hypothetical elementary decisions. It is argued that reaction-time data can be treated by the use of the Laplace transform so as to overcome difficulties which negated earlier attempts to analyze choice reactions. The general model leads to complex problems which are formulated but not solved. Two special cases of the model are worked out, and the statistical problem of evaluating the fit of the model is discussed. It is shown that treating decision processing as time-discrete leaves the essential features of the analysis unchanged. Two experimental proposals, to provide data which should be considered in further work on the model, are made.
Optimizing a Canine Survival Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Abstract Introduction While acute models of orthotopic lung transplantation have been described in dogs, the technical considerations of developing a survival model in this species have not been elaborated. Herein, we describe optimization of a canine survival model of orthotopic lung transplantation. Methods Protocols of orthotopic left lung transplantation and single lung ventilation were established in acute experiments ( n = 9). Four dogs, serving as controls, received autologous, orthotopic lung transplants. Allogeneic transplants were performed in 16 DLA-identical and 16 DLA-mismatched unrelated recipient dogs. Selective right lung ventilation was utilized in all animals. A Malecot tube was left in the pleural space connected to a Heimlich valve for up to 24 hours. To date, animals have been followed up to 24 months by chest radiography, pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy with lavage, and open biopsies. Results Long-term survival was achieved in 34/36 animals. Two recipients died intraoperatively secondary to cardiac arrest. All animals were extubated on the operating table, and in all cases the chest tube was removed within 24 hours. Major complications included thrombosis of the pulmonary artery and subcritical stenosis of bronchial anastamosis. One recipient underwent successful treatment of a small bowel intussusception. Conclusions We report our experience in developing a survival canine model of orthotopic single lung transplantation. While short-term survival following canine lung transplantation is achievable, we report particular considerations that facilitate animal comfort, early extubation, and lung reexpansion in the immediate postoperative period, further optimizing use of this species for experimental modeling of long-term complications after lung transplantation.