cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Near-Field Focusing of a Fast Electromagnetic Pulse

A new domain of pulsed electric field interactions with cell structures has been opened by using subnanosecond pulses, which are much less than the membrane charging time, allowing a direct electrical field-inner cell molecule interaction. This ultrashort pulse (rising 100 or so ps) also provides a possibility of guiding the energy into the deeper layers of biological targets nonintrusively. We are developing a wideband pulse system for focusing in the near field. This system has a spheroidal reflector with two focal points. A spherical TEM wave is launched in a rotationally symmetric structure towards the reflector from the first focal point by using a biconical radiator. Design issues like optimization of the reflector, biconical structure, feeding impedance and possible measurements will be presented.
Field calibration of surface: a model of agricultural chemicals in surface waters.

Abstract Agricultural chemicals sporadically occur at detectable levels in the surface waters of intensively farmed watersheds. HSPF, a previously released model of agricultural chemicals in surface water, had been used to predict concentrations which were much higher (10 X) than those actually observed during monitoring studies. A new model, SURFACE, is described here which is much simpler than HSPF and gives better predictions of surface water concentrations. SURFACE uses PRZM, an EPA model, to calculate edge‐of‐field runoff losses and simple hydraulic routing algorithms to determine concentrations at the bottom of large river basins. In water systems sampled during 1985 and 1986, SURFACE predictions of annualized mean concentrations for alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine and metolachlor were within 0.09 ppb half of the time.
The intrusion of Gulf Stream water across the continental shelf due to topographically-induced upwelling

Abstract Summer bottom temperatures along the continental shelf between Cape Hatteras and Cape Canaveral are abnormally low in regions where isobaths diverge. The regions are north of capes and shoals, which force the flow of shelf water to change vorticity and induce upwelling. Gulf Stream Water intrudes across the bottom during summer to replace the upwelled water, and accounts for the colder and more stratified water over the northern Florida and the North Carolina shelves.
Accreditation: Is it necessary? Yes!

Abstract Few issues in the past decade have aroused the interest of the criminal justice education community as much as accreditation. What accreditation of criminal justice educational programs can and cannot do is currently the subject of national debate. The goals of criminal justice accreditation, the organization of the Criminal Justice Accreditation Council that administers the accreditation project, the costs involved, and the development of accreditation guidelines are analyzed in the following article. The potential advantages and possible pitfalls of accreditation are reviewed, as are some of the legal problems in the accreditation process, such as the confidentiality of accreditation decisions. My purposes in writing this article are (1) to analyze the criminal justice accreditation efforts to date, (2) to present and to expand on the serious issues facing criminal justice education and how these are related to the desirability of having accreditation, and (3) to reflect on the problems thwarting the attempts of criminal justice education to move into a strong accrediting position. This report is meant to provide information, both general and specific, to those in all fields of education who are interested in improving criminal justice education. It is intended to stimulate thought as well as to give this writer's perspective on the accreditation efforts currently being carried out by the Criminal Justice Accreditation Council (CJAC) under the overall leadership of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS). Educators and administrators often discuss accreditation in relation to their programs. Perhaps this article will clarify some of the issues and encourage a responsible approach to the improvement of criminal justice education.
Influence of woody plant cover on dietary selection by goats in an Acacia senegal savanna of East Africa

Abstract Seasonal effects of woody plant cover on dietary selection and nutrition of goats were evaluated in an Acacia senegal savanna in Kenya during the dry season and wet season in 1982. Treatment paddocks were established in light, moderate, and heavy woody plant densities with 13, 31 and 47% total canopy cover, respectively. Grass and grasslike species, particularly Cenchrus ciliaris, Sporobolus pellucides, Eragrostis caespitosa, Digitaria macroblepharia and Chloris roxburghiana dominated goat diets in the early dry season. Browse, particularly Solanum incanum, Grewia bicolor, Acacia mellifera, Acacia senegal and Commiphora africana , were abundant in the diets of goats from August through November in the moderate and heavy woody covered paddocks. Acacia senegal pods were the major source of feed for goats in July and August. Crude protein concentration exceeded requirements of goats throughout the period of study. Organic matter digestibility of the goat diets was lowest in moderate and heavy woody plant conditions in the late dry season. When contemplating bush removal of woody plants (e.g. for tsetse fly control), consideration should be given to the role that large Acacia trees can play in stabilizing protein intake of goats and other domestic or wild browsers. By allowing goats simultaneous access to protein-rich, pod-producing areas and also high caloric grassland areas, pastoralists can diversify diet selection and stabilize nutrient intake. Cutting large Acacia trees for firewood and charcoal is particularly detrimental to the nutritional ecology of goats and perhaps other browsing herbivores.
Life goals and academic interests as predictors of extracurricular activities of secondary school sophomores

Abstract The life goals and interests of eighth-graders were examined in relation to their reported extracurricular activities in secondary school. In 1969, 204 females and 178 males, attending three feeder schools, completed the Vocational Sentence Completion Blank, a semiprojective measure of life goals, values, quests, aspirations hopes, preferences, and concerns. For the Milwaukee Academic Interest Inventory, which measures curricular interests, the complete test records of 183 females and 150 males were available. In 1971, all subjects reported about their participation in six secondary school activities. Approximately two-thirds of the 29 VSCB categories and all 7 MAII variables were predictive at a low level of association. The statistically significant relations between eighth-grade predictors and specific extracurricular activities in the first year of secondary school seemed reasonable. Implications for adolescent development were discussed.
HEART RATE ELUCTUATIONS AND FIXED FOREPERIOD REACTION TIME

Visual reaction times were recorded in a fixed foreperiod situation, to study the relation between sensorimotor performance and heart rate measures. With 42 male college students as Ss, both resting and performance levels of heart rate and heart rate fluctuations were obtained. Reaction time data were collected from blocks of trials at given foreperiods which ranged from 1 to 9 sec. Three groups of subjects, formed on the basis of high, medium, and low levels of peak-trough differences in heart rate during the reaction-time trials, showed different foreperiod functions. The hypothesis that fluctuations in heart rate are related to fixed foreperiod reaction time performance was supported.
Marijuana and malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract in young patients. On the risk assessment of marijuana

Advocates of free distribution of marijuana and hashish describe these drugs as harmless. Several experimental in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of tetrahydrocannabinol. Several carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been extracted from tar of marijuana pipes. Tetrahydrocannabinol also inhibits the function of the immune system. T-cell lymphocyte counts are lower in chronic marijuana smokers compared to nonsmokers. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes as well as phagocytosis by polynucleic granulocytes is decreased. The number of young patients between 20 and 40 years with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, tongue, and pharynx is rapidly increasing. In the past seven years 34 young patients with squamous cell carcinomas have been treated at this institution. All were chronic marijuana smokers. Due to the often extensive field cancerisation, success of cancer therapy is limited in oral and pharyngeal cancers. Marijuana and hashish cannot be considered harmless. Education of the public about the carcinogenic properties of inhaled substances should include marijuana and hashish.
The Accuracy of the Physical Examination for the Diagnosis of Midlumbar and Low Lumbar Nerve Root Impingement

Study design Cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment. OBJECTIVE.: To determine the accuracy of the physical examination for the diagnosis of midlumbar nerve root impingement (L2, L3, or L4), low lumbar nerve root impingement (L5 or S1) and level-specific lumbar nerve root impingement on magnetic resonance imaging, using individual tests and combinations of tests. Summary of background data The sensitivity and specificity of the physical examination for the localization of nerve root impingement has not been previously studied. Methods Sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated for the ability of individual tests and test combinations to predict the presence or absence of nerve root impingement at midlumbar, low lumbar, and specific nerve root levels. Results LRs ≥5.0 indicate moderate to large changes from pre-test probability of nerve root impingement to post-test probability. For the diagnosis of midlumbar impingement, the femoral stretch test (FST), crossed FST, medial ankle pinprick sensation, and patellar reflex testing demonstrated LRs ≥5.0 (LR ∞). LRs ≥5.0 were observed with the combinations of FST and either patellar reflex testing (LR 7.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3-21) or the sit-to-stand test (LR ∞). For the diagnosis of low lumbar impingement, the Achilles reflex test demonstrated an LR ≥5.0 (LR 7.1; 95% CI 0.96-53); test combinations did not increase LRs. For the diagnosis of level-specific impingement, LRs ≥5.0 were observed for anterior thigh sensation at L2 (LR 13; 95% CI 1.8-87); FST at L3 (LR 5.7; 95% CI 2.3-4.4); patellar reflex testing (LR 7.7; 95% CI 1.7-35), medial ankle sensation (LR ∞), or crossed FST (LR 13; 95% CI 1.8-87) at L4; and hip abductor strength at L5 (LR 11; 95% CI 1.3-84). Test combinations increased LRs for level-specific root impingement at the L4 level only. Conclusion Individual physical examination tests may provide clinical information that substantially alters the likelihood that midlumbar impingement, low lumbar impingement, or level-specific impingement is present. Test combinations improve diagnostic accuracy for midlum-bar impingement.
THE SMOOTHING OF INCOME NUMBERS: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON SYSTEMATIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CORE AND PERIPHERY INDUSTRIAL SECTORS

This study tests the effects of the dual economy on income smoothing behavior. It is hypothesized that a higher degree of smoothing of income numbers will be exhibited by firms in the periphery sector than by firms in the core sector as a reaction to different opportunity structures and experiences. The results indicate that a majority of firms may be resorting to income smoothing. A higher number is included among firms in the periphery sector.
An UGS radar with micro-Doppler capabilities for wide area persistent surveillance

Detecting humans and distinguishing them from natural fauna is an important issue in security applications to reduce false alarm rates. In particular, it is important to detect and classify people who are walking in remote locations and transmit back detections over extended periods at a low cost and with minimal maintenance. The ability to discriminate men versus animals and vehicles at long range would give a distinct sensor advantage. The reduction in false positive detections due to animals would increase the usefulness of detections, while dismount identification could reduce friendly-fire. We developed and demonstrate a compact radar technology that is scalable to a variety of ultra-lightweight and low-power platforms for wide area persistent surveillance as an unattended, unmanned, and man-portable ground sensor. The radar uses micro-Doppler processing to characterize the tracks of moving targets and to then eliminate unimportant detections due to animals or civilian activity. This paper presents the system and data on humans, vehicles, and animals at multiple angles and directions of motion, demonstrates the signal processing approach that makes the targets visually recognizable, and verifies that the UGS radar has enough micro-Doppler capability to distinguish between humans, vehicles, and animals.
Acrylamide-induced visual impairment in primates.

Abstract Subchronic exposure to acrylamide monomer caused deterioration in the visual capacities of macaque monkeys. Thresholds for visual acuity and flicker-fusion were increased and the latency of patternevoked potentials prolonged, well before the monkeys showed overt signs of toxicity. The termination of dosing resulted in rapid recovery of flicker-fusion thresholds, gradual recovery in evoked potential latency, and only partial recovery of visual acuity.
Why a Culture of Design in France Never Took Off

At the Centre Georges Pompidou, the main French contemporary art center and museum located in Paris, one of the last outstanding exhibitions related to design was devoted to Patrick Jouin, a contemporary French designer. Everyone feels free to express their mood and their opinion about such exhibitions, and they usually enjoy doing so, dropping a comment on a specific book near the exit. Although using these comments in an article of this sort might seem inappropriate, my experience and viewing distance as a design historian allows me to examine an event of this type to deal with the question of design culture in France. Here, “Design Versus Design” and “Tiffany” were recently displayed at the Grand Palais and at the Musee du Luxembourg, respectively—the most recent significant shows on design in Paris. More widely, these exhibits offer an opportunity to practice a critical analysis of the situation in France—resulting in both a negative assessment, as well as an understanding of some of the reasons for significant delays vis-a-vis other countries (especially from Northern Europe) and for some of the malfunctions in the cultural dissemination of design in France.
Preliminary results of VISX excimer laser myopic photorefractive keratectomy at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Sixty-two eyes underwent excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the correction of myopia at Cedars-Sinai-Medical-Center. The first group of 12 patients are presented with follow up data of ten months postoperatively. The second group of 50 patients are presented with follow up data of three months postoperatively. An in-depth comparison of pre and postoperative refractive data is presented. Comparisons between pre and postoperative corrected and uncorrected Snellen visual acuities are provided in order to asses the functional visual result of the procedure.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fluctuations and dissipation in a fluid under shear: Linear dynamics.

A set of nonlinear Langevin equations for fluctuations of the local conserved densities in a fluid under shear is proposed. These equations are a model for the extension of hydrodynamics to very short wavelengths at liquid densities. The hydrodynamic modes associated with the linearized equations are studied as a function of wave vector and shear rate. The degeneracy of the viscous shear modes is lifted by the shear, and one of these modes combines with the heat mode to form a propagating pair. As an example of nonequilibrium fluctuations, the dynamic structure factor is calculated for several values of frequency and wave vector. At large shear rates one pair of propagating modes becomes unstable at a wavelength of the order of the particle size. This instability is suggested as a possible explanation for a shear-induced disorder-order transition seen in computer simulations. Nonlinear mode-coupling effects are studied elsewhere.
The general acid catalyzed trifluoroethanolysis of ethoxydimethylphenylsilane

Abstract The trifluoroethanolysis of ethoxydimethylphenylsilane shows general acid catalysis by substituted acetic acids. The Bronsted α value for the reaction is 0.65.
Pecan [Carya illinoensis (wangenh.) C. Koch] yield, leaf and soil analysis responses from different combinations of nitrogen and potassium application

Abstract Nitrogen rates of 112 and 224 kg/ha and K rates of 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg/ha were applied to young ‘Desirable’ trees annually in order to determine leaf concentrations for optimum pecan yield and to measure their effect on other leaf minerals and the resulting effect on soil analysis. Yield was not affected significantly by treatments within any individual year of 11 years; however, when data were combined over years, yield was greatest at the 56 kg/ha rate of K and decreased at lower and higher rates. The decrease in yield with increasing K rates was smaller for the high than for the low N rate. Doubling the N rate increased leaf N only slightly, but increased leaf Cu and reduced soil pH, Ca, and Mg. Increasing K application had very little effect on leaf N. This study indicates that a lower leaf analysis threshold for the sufficiency range of 0.75% for K and 2.50% for N would be satisfactory for ‘Desirable’.
Immigrant trajectories into homeownership: a temporal analysis of residential assimilation.

Homeownership is an important symbol of a middle-class standard of living and residential assimilation in the United States. This study explores the rate of advancement into homeownership of immigr...
In vitro initiation in the newt iris of some early molecular events of lens regeneration.

Abstract Normal dorsal iris tissue from the newt Notophthalmus (Tritutus) viridescens, cultured in newt-adjusted mammalian culture media supplemented with fetal calf serum, followed the same sequence of early events which was described previously for in vivo Wolffian lens regeneration. Increased incorporation of labeled uridine into RNA (primarily ribosomal RNA) was detected by 24 hr of culture. After 4 days of culture, incorporation was three-to four-fold greater than that of normal iris. The results of labeling of RNA with [3H]adenosine and the measurement of the specific activity of the [3H]ATP pool of dorsal iris indicate that the increased incorporation of precursor into RNA represents net synthesis and that the synthesis of RNA in irises cultured for 4 days is qualitatively and quantitatively equivalent to that of irises remaining in situ 4 days after lentectomy. An increase in the number of nucleoli per iris epithelial-cell nucleus was observed after 4 days of culture; this increase was approximately equal to the increase observed in previous studies on tissues remaining in situ for 4 days after lens removal. The replication of DNA, as measured by [3H]thymidine autoradiography, was also initiated in the cultured dorsal iris and the time of its onset agreed with that of iris remaining in situ after lentectomy.
Battling Worldliness in the New Zion: Mercantilism versus Homespun in Nineteenth-Century Utah

Mormon pioneers fled to Utah with a prophetic vision of a self-contained cooperative and communal society. This vision had a place for agriculture and manufacturing but held merchandising to be at least vaguely immoral. In the ensuing battle between the original vision and mercantilism, the utopian view ultimately lost. This article examines the nature of the battle and factors that led to this outcome.
Late Hesperian to early Amazonian midlatitude Martian valleys: Evidence from Newton and Gorgonum basins

[1] Numerous shallowly incised valleys extend from the upper interior rims of Newton and Gorgonum basins across smooth interior basin deposits. These valleys are a few meters to 300 m wide and may have experienced discharges over all or most of their width, implying that they are, in fact, incised channels. In Newton Crater these valleys extend up to 75 km, to near the center of the basin floor. In Gorgonum basin the valleys terminate at what we interpret to be a former ice-covered lake. These valleys appear to be examples of scattered, shallowly incised valleys found throughout the midlatitudes of Mars superimposed upon the widespread mantling deposits within the region. On the basis of crater count age dating, the interior valleys in Newton and Gorgonum basins were formed at about the Hesperian to Amazonian transition. The runoff through the valleys may have occurred due to episodic melting of snow and ice that had accumulated on the crater rims. Temperatures warm enough to cause extensive melting may have occurred during optimal orbital and obliquity configurations because of intensive volcanism releasing greenhouse gasses or as a result of a brief episode of warming from a large impact somewhere on Mars. The valleys were formed at about the same time as major outflow channels were active along the highlands-lowlands boundary. Water delivered to the northern lowlands by the outflow channels may have been recycled as snow and ice deposits within the Martian midlatitudes. The episodic melting of such deposits may have formed the midlatitude valleys.
THE SUPRAVITAL STAINING OF VACCINE BODIES

Vaccine bodies in living corneal cells may be specifically stained by the addition of a small quantity of brilliant cresyl blue 2 B to the physiological salt solution in which they are being observed. Their appearance by this method (Figs. 3 to 17) corresponds with that seen in fixed preparations (Figs. 22 to 42). Both lines of study reveal the existence of traces of similar material in unvaccinated corneal cells. As this increases in amount during the reaction, it behaves like an integral, cytoplasmic constituent of fluid consistency and shows no evidence of being endowed with any measure of independent vitality. The low grade of structural differentiation which it does exhibit, in living cells as well as in fixed tissues, is not suggestive of the presence within it of independent microorganisms. The material differs radically in its morphology and microchemical reactions from the granules observed by MacCallum and Oppenheimer in vaccine lymph.
On the performance of balanced hashing functions when the keys are not equiprobable

The cost (expected number of accesses per retrieval) of hashing functions is examined without the assumption that it is equally probable for all keys to be present in the table. It is shown that the obvious strategy—trying to balance the sums of probabilities of the keys mapped to any given address—may be suboptimal; however, the difference from the exactly optimal distribution cannot be large.
Derivative superconvergence of rectangular finite elements for the Reissner-Mindlin plate

Abstract The finite element method with rectangular meshes for the Reissner-Mindlin plate is analyzed. For a plate with thickness bounded below by a positive constant (moderately thick plate), derivative superconvergence of the finite element solution at the Gaussian points is justified and optimal error estimates for both rotation and displacement are established.
Warming-induced enhancement of soil N2O efflux linked to distinct response times of genes driving N2O production and consumption

Temperature responses of denitrifying microbes likely play a governing role in the production and consumption of N2O. We investigated temperature effects on denitrifier communities and their potential to produce N2O and N2 by incubating grassland soils collected in multiple seasons at four temperatures with 15N-enriched NO3 − for ~24 h. We quantified [N2O] concentration across time, estimated its production and reduction to N2, and quantified relative abundance of genes responsible for N2O production (cnorB) and reduction (nosZ). In all seasons, net N2O production was positively linked to incubation temperature, with highest estimates of net and gross N2O production in late spring soils. N2O dynamics were tightly coupled to changes in denitrifier community structure, which occurred on both seasonal and incubation time scales. We observed increases in nosZ abundance with increasing incubation temperature after 24 h, and relatively larger increases in cnorB abundance from winter to late June. The difference between incubation and in situ temperature was a robust predictor of cnorB:nosZ. These data provide convincing evidence that short-term increases in temperature can induce remarkably rapid changes in community structure that increase the potential for reduction of N2O to N2, and that seasonal adaptation of denitrifying communities is linked to seasonal changes in potential N2O production, with warmer seasons linked to large increases in N2O production potential. This work helps explain observations of high spatial and temporal variation in N2O effluxes, and highlights the importance of temperature as an influence on denitrification enzyme kinetics, denitrifier physiology and community adaptations, and associated N2O efflux and reduction.
Rescue of hearing and vestibular function by antisense oligonucleotides in a mouse model of human deafness

Hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder, with congenital hearing impairment present in approximately 1 in 1,000 newborns. Hereditary deafness is often mediated by the improper development or degeneration of cochlear hair cells. Until now, it was not known whether such congenital failures could be mitigated by therapeutic intervention. Here we show that hearing and vestibular function can be rescued in a mouse model of human hereditary deafness. An antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was used to correct defective pre-mRNA splicing of transcripts from the USH1C gene with the c.216G>A mutation, which causes human Usher syndrome, the leading genetic cause of combined deafness and blindness. Treatment of neonatal mice with a single systemic dose of ASO partially corrects Ush1c c.216G>A splicing, increases protein expression, improves stereocilia organization in the cochlea, and rescues cochlear hair cells, vestibular function and low-frequency hearing in mice. These effects were sustained for several months, providing evidence that congenital deafness can be effectively overcome by treatment early in development to correct gene expression and demonstrating the therapeutic potential of ASOs in the treatment of deafness.
A Genuinely High Order Total Variation Diminishing Scheme for One-Dimensional Scalar Conservation Laws

It is well known that finite difference or finite volume total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes solving one-dimensional scalar conservation laws degenerate to first order accuracy at smooth extrema [S. Osher and S. Chakravarthy, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 21 (1984), pp. 955-984], thus TVD schemes are at most second order accurate in the $L^1$ norm for general smooth and nonmonotone solutions. However, Sanders [Math. Comp., 51 (1988), pp. 535-558] introduced a third order accurate finite volume scheme which is TVD, where the total variation is defined by measuring the variation of the reconstructed polynomials rather than the traditional way of measuring the variation of the grid values. By adopting the definition of the total variation for the numerical solutions as in [R. Sanders, Math. Comp., 51 (1988), pp. 535-558], it is possible to design genuinely high order accurate TVD schemes. In this paper, we construct a finite volume scheme which is TVD in this sense with high order accuracy (up to sixth order) in the $L^1$ norm. Numerical tests for a fifth order accurate TVD scheme will be reported, which include test cases from traffic flow models.
Effect of time on dynamic properties of cohesive soils using improved transfer function estimators

Abstract Improved estimators of the transfer function (H2, H3, H4), in addition to the conventional estimator (H1), were used to evaluate the dynamic soil properties and to study the effect of confinement duration on damping and shear modulus of soils. In this study, two types of cohesive soils, a kaolinite and a bentonite, were tested using a resonant column apparatus under random torsional excitation conditions. Root meam square strain levels in the range of 10 −3 –10 −2 and confining pressures in the range of 34.47–150 kPa were considered. The confinement duration ranged from 500 to 20 000 min. The results of this study indicate that as time increases, the difference in damping values obtained by the various estimators of the transfer function decreases, whereas the shear moduli are not influenced by the variation in confinement duration.
Tuberculosis of the peripancreatic lymph nodes in an immunocompetent patient.

A 34-year-old man of Indian origin presented with a week’s history of epigastric and upper abdominal pain associated with malaise and jaundice, but no fever, 2 months after returning from India. He also noticed pale stools and dark urine. He denied any weight loss, nausea and vomiting. He had no previous history of liver disease or jaundice and had had childhood bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination. He was otherwise fit and well, and not on any regular medication. There was no history of recreational drug use and no family history of liver disease. Blood tests at initial presentation showed a raised alkaline phosphatase of 1012 u/litre (range 80– 260 u/litre), alanine aminotransferase 463 u/litre (range 0–37 u/litre) and bilirubin 120 μmol/litre (range 0–20 μmol/litre). Abdominal and respiratory examinations were unremarkable with no gross lymphadenopathy. At this stage, a biliary cause was suspected and an ultrasound scan was organized which showed a slightly dilated common bile duct. Magnetic reso...
Synthesis of an ether oxime ligand and its rhodium(III) complex, and X-ray structure of the rhodium(III) complex: Unique rhodium(III) bonding to a simple ether

Abstract The ligand 3-methoxy-3-methyl-2-butanone oxime and its rhodium(III) complex have been synthesized, and the complex has been structurally characterized. The octahedron around the rhodium atom involves two trans-chlorine atoms [RhCl = 2.3236(8) A], two cis-oxime nitrogen atoms [av. RhN = 1.958(3) A] and two cis-ether oxygen atoms [av. RhO = 2.117(3) A]. The oxime oxygen atoms are involved in a short intramolecular hydrogen bond (OO = 2.391 A). Synthesis and characterization of the ligand and the rhodium(III) complex are described, and the 1H NMR results are given and discussed. To our knowledge this is the first characterized ether oxime metal complex.
Mono-, Bi-, and Trinuclear CuII-Cl Containing Products Based on the Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine Chelate Derived from Copper(I) Complex Dechlorination Reactions of Chloroform

The ligand TMPA (tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) and its copper complexes have played a prominent role in recent (bio)inorganic chemistry studies; the copper(I) complex [CuI(TMPA)(CH3CN)]+ possesses an extensive dioxygen reactivity, and it is also known to effect the reductive dechlorination of substrates such as dichloromethane and benzyl and allyl chlorides. In this report, we describe a set of new analogues of TMPA, ligand 6TMPAOH, binucleating Iso-DO, and trinucleating SYMM. Copper(I) complexes with these ligands and a previously described binucleating ligand DO react with chloroform, resulting in reductive dechlorination and production of [CuIIx(L)Clx]x+ (x = 1, 2, or 3). X-ray crystal structures of [CuII(6TMPAOH)Cl]PF6, [CuII2(Iso-DO)Cl2](PF6)2, [CuII2(DO)Cl2](PF6)2, and [Cu3(SYMM)Cl3](PF6)3 are presented, and the compounds are also characterized by UV−vis and EPR spectroscopies as well as cyclic voltammetry. The steric influence of a pyridyl 6-substituent (in the complexes with 6TMPAOH, Iso-DO, and SYM...
Chitosan Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Application

Alkali resistant reverse osmosis membranes were fabricated by spreading solutions of chitosan, a poly-N-acetyl glucosamine, in 2.0% acetic acid on a glass plate. The membrane had a flux rate of 1.67 ± 10-3 cm3/cm2/sec and a salt rejection capability of 78.8% with 0.2% NaCl at 680 psi. Addition of 40% polyethylene glycol to the membrane casting solution increased permeability, while 10% chloromethyl oxirane improved durability of the membranes.
A Hinge Region Cis-Proline in Bovine Pancreatic RNase a Acts as a Conformational Gatekeeper for C-terminal Domain Swapping

Structural studies have implicated proline as an important residue for domain swapping and oligomerization due to its increased frequency in hinge regions preceding swapped arms. Proline is unique in its ability to populate both cis and trans peptide bond conformations; we hypothesized that this property may allow proline to act as a conformational gatekeeper, regulating interconversion between monomer and domain-swapped dimer. The hinge region of RNase A contains a proline at residue 114 that adopts a cis conformation in the monomer and extends to a trans conformation in the C-terminal domain-swapped dimer. We find that substitution of P114 with residues that strongly prefer a trans peptide bond (Ala, Gly) results in significant population (∼20%) of the C-terminal domain-swapped dimer under near-physiological conditions (pH 8.0, 37°C). This is in stark contrast to dimerization of wild-type RNase A, which requires incubation under extreme conditions such as lyophilization from acetic acid or elevated temperature. Our results suggest isomerization at P114 may facilitate population of a partially unfolded intermediate along the reaction trajectory of RNase A domain swapping, and provide support for a more general role for proline isomerization as a conformational gatekeeper in domain swapping and oligomerization.
Authoring and Hypermedia

Computer use by speech-language pathologists and audiologists in intervention and daily clinical management tasks is increasing. A variety of commercial software for specific clinical applications ...
Synthesis of cellular inorganic materials by foaming sol-gels

Abstract A method for synthesizing low density, cellular inorganic materials from sol-gels has been developed. The method utilizes viscosity control during gelation to stabilize bubbles generated from freon droplets dispersed in the sol. Cellular silica, mullite and zirconia-toughened mullite have been fabricated with relative densities ranging from 10 to 45% and average cell sizes ranging from 30 to 1000 μm in diameter in dense matrices. This new class of low density, sol-gel-derived materials offers many opportunities in high temperature insulation, low permittivity substrates and catalyst supports, to name a few.
Elective inguinal lymph node irradiation for pelvic carcinomas the university of florida experience

Background. There is little published information pertaining to elective inguinal lymph node irradiation for carcinomas originating in the pelvis that place the inguinal lymph nodes at risk. Methods. Between October 1964 and October 1988, 164 patients with primary carcinomas originating in the pelvis that placed the inguinal lymph nodes at risk for subclinical disease received elective inguinal lymph node irradiation at the University of Florida. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years from the start of radiation therapy. Primary sites included the penis, urethra, vulva, anal canal, distal rectum (within 4 cm of the verge), and the cervix or vagina when the tumor involved the distal one-third of the vagina. In 148 patients, both groins were clinically negative; in 16 patients, one groin was positive and the other negative by clinical examination. Treatment techniques were individualized according to the primary site. Tumor doses to the inguinal lymph nodes varied, although more than 70% of patients received 4500–5000 cGy (range, 2650–6780 cGy) over 5 weeks (range, 2–7 weeks) at 180–200 cGy per fraction. Patients were excluded from the analysis of disease control in the inguinal area if they died less than 2 years from treatment with the inguinal lymph nodes continuously disease free or if they experienced recurrence at the primary site with the inguinal lymph nodes clinically negative at the time of recurrence. Results. The inguinal lymph node control rate was 96% (101 of 105). No patient in whom recurrent disease developed in the inguinal lymph nodes underwent salvage therapy. Conclusions. Elective irradiation of the inguinal lymph nodes is highly effective in controlling subclinical disease from carcinomas originating in the pelvis and can be accomplished with minimal acute or long-term complications.
Hydrothermal synthesis of vertically aligned lead zirconate titanate nanowire arrays

A hydrothermal method is employed for the growth of single crystal vertically aligned lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanowire arrays. The resulting PZT nanowires were grown from a TiO2 film and are shown to be single crystal with growth in the [110] axis. PZT has a coupling coefficient up to two orders of magnitude higher than ZnO, which should provide many opportunities for the creation of active nanodevices and systems.
Alterations in collagen subtype III and IV protein in experimental venous bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE To examine changes in collagen III and IV protein during the development of intimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts. METHODS Sixteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent reversed, jugular vein, interposition grafting of the carotid artery. Vessels were harvested 3, 7 or 28 days after operation and subjected to immunohistochemical examination and gelatinase assays. RESULTS In control vein, collagen IV was expressed around adventitial blood vessels and throughout the endothelium. Compared with its presence in control veins, collagen IV protein was decreased in the endothelium in all 3-day vein grafts and undetectable in the endothelium and intima in 7-day vein grafts, but was present in the endothelium and intimal hyperplasia in 28-day vein grafts. In contrast, collagen III was absent from the endothelium of control vein and 3-day vein grafts, was present at low levels in the intima of 7-day vein grafts, but was absent from the endothelium and intimal hyperplasia in 28-day vein grafts. In 3-day vein grafts, areas of collagen IV loss colocalized to areas of leukocyte infiltration. Protein extracts from 3-day vein grafts contained a 72 kDa gelatinase. CONCLUSIONS The presence and alterations of collagen protein in veins and vein grafts are subtype specific. Collagen III does not appear to be a normal component of intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts. The decrease in collagen IV protein in the endothelium of veins may be a component of the endothelial changes that follow bypass grafting, mediated by leukocytes, the induction of gelatinase activity, or both.
The formation of martensite and the mechanism of the shape memory effect in single crystals of Cu-Zn alloys

Abstract Morphologies associated with the formation and deformation of martensite and the shape memory recovery process have been studied in single crystals of Cu-Zn alloys. On cooling, four self-accommodating variants of martensite with a {2 11 12} habit plane form throughout extensive regions of the parent β' phase in a diamond-like morphology consisting of the four variants placed back-to-back. For a particular case, the four variants (2 11 12), (2 12 11), (2 12 11) and (2 11 12), designated as A. B, C and D for brevity, are symmetrically clustered about the (011)β' plane of the parent. Crystallographic analysis, making extensive use of polarized light and the phenomenological theory, shows that a number of inter-variant twin relationships exist: A and C (and B and D) are twin related with respect to (011)β' [(114) martensite]; A and D (and B and C) are twin related about (100)β' [(20 10) martensite]; and A and B (and C and D) are (011)β' related. During deformation, the plate groups of four variants are converted into a single preferred variant by mechanical twinning processes in which B→A [(011) mode], D→A [(100) mode], and C→A [(110) mode]. Such single crystal regions of martensite reverse to the parent phase by the nucleation of only a single variant which produces a single crystal of the parent. During reversal, the recovered strain is the inverse of the strain of the A variant.
Magnetic response of electroless NiP for low Curie temperature eddy-current heating applications

Abstract Electroless NiP of the correct bulk composition corresponding to a Curie temperature of over 60 °C has been plated from a lactic-propionic bath on to wires and other shapes. The magnetic response of these alloys for low Curie temperature eddy-current heating applications is poor. The magnetic permeability was low and there was no sharp drop in permeability. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the homogeneity of electroless plating on copper wires in order to investigate reasons for this behavior. Large fluctuations in phosphorus content were seen in the alloy. Phosphorus content at individual points varied from about 6 at.% to over 12 at.%, corresponding to Curie temperatures of 43 to 205 °C. A difference in average composition between one side of the wire and the other also existed (8.8 at.% P against 9.6 at.%). There was no discernible relationship between the phosphorus content in the plating and any of the measured plating variables. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of etched plating showed a banded structure with light and dark bands about 100 mm wide, well below the spatial resolution limit of energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Annealing of the alloy at temperatures up to 250 °C improved its permeability, most likely by relieving stress, but did not homogenize it. Although the permeability of the material can be improved by annealing, it is unlikely that a homogeneous plating of electroless nickel can be produced because of the electrochemical phenomena occurring during the plating.
DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN THE RECOVERY FROM ISCHEMIC RENAL INJURY

Differential gene expression in the recovery from ischemic renal injury. Recovery from renal ischemia requires regeneration of damaged tubular epithelium. Previous studies have examined the expression of proto-oncogenes and growth factors after ischemia, but the response of genes coding for structural and functional genes has not been scrutinized. Rats were subjected to 40 minutes of renal artery occlusion and 60 minutes to 96 hours of reperfusion. Total RNA was isolated and mRNA for the structural protein actin, the enzymes superoxide dismutase and renin, the proto-oncogene c- fos , the nuclear protein histone H2b, and the putative marker for cell injury TRPM-2 was quantitated by Northern hybridization. Expression of the proto-oncogene c- fos was seen early but for only short duration. Histone gene expression was not markedly increased until 24 hours after ischemia, but remained increased for several days. Renin mRNA was undetectable one hour after ischemia, but was present in normal amounts at 24 and 48 hours. In contrast, superoxide dismutase mRNA was present in decreased amounts 24, 48, and 96 hours after ischemia. TRPM-2 gene expression was greatly increased 24 to 72 hours after ischemia and began decreasing at 96 hours. This selective sequence of gene expression or repression after renal ischemia might maximize the proliferative repair process. This information will be useful for designing therapies to further enhance recovery from acute renal injury.
Experienced Secondary Science Teachers’ Representation of Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Science teacher educators recognise a professional learning continuum for teachers. This has resulted in studies of science teachers at different career stages, with the goal of building an understanding of teacher learning from preparation through practice. While these explorations help build an understanding about teacher learning over time, the work is far from complete. The present study tackles one aspect of teacher knowledge—pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)—from the perspective of the teacher. Specifically, it depicts the PCK of experienced secondary science teachers who are serving as mentors to beginning science teachers. Each teacher ultimately conceptualised PCK as the knowledge for teaching science, and all of the teachers had the following components in their individual models: science, goals, students, curriculum organisation, assessment, teaching, and resources. Each teacher, however, had a personalised representation that directed his or her instructional decisions and actions. While the...
An applet‐based anonymous distributed computing system

Anonymous distributed computing systems consist of potentially millions of heterogeneous processing nodes connected by the global Internet. These nodes can be administered by thousands of organizations and individuals, with no direct knowledge of each other. This work defines anonymous distributed computing systems in general then focuses on the specifics of an applet‐based approach for large‐scale, anonymous, distributed computing on the Internet. A user wishing to participate in a computation connects to a distribution server, which provides information about available computations, and then connects to a computation server with a computation to distribute. A Java class is downloaded, which communicates with the computation server to obtain data, performs the computation, and returns the result. Since any computer on the Internet can participate in these computations, potentially a large number of computers can participate in a single computation.
A Joint Coordinate System for the Clinical Description of Three-Dimensional Motions: Application to the Knee

The experimental study of joint kinematics in three dimensions requires the description and measurement of six motion components. An important aspect of any method of description is the ease with which it is communicated to those who use the data. This paper presents a joint coordinate system that provides a simple geometric description of the three-dimensional rotational and translational motion between two rigid bodies. The coordinate system is applied to the knee and related to the commonly used clinical terms for knee joint motion. A convenient characteristic of the coordinate system shared by spatial linkages is that large joint displacements are independent of the order in which the component translations and rotations occur.