cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moderate hypoglycemia impairs the function of the inferior colliculus in the awake rat

To assess the effect of acute hypoglycemia on the brain stem auditory pathway, we implanted electrodes into the inferior colliculus (IC) and subsequently recorded auditory-evoked potentials from the IC (ICEP) and brain stem (BAEP) in normal awake rats during euglycemic and hypoglycemic hyperinsulinemia (2 hours). Latencies of the ICEP and peak V of the BAEP were significantly prolonged by hypoglycemia (approximately 2.7 mmol/L). The change in the BAEP was principally between peak III and peak V. suggesting an effect in or near the IC. ICEP and BAEP latencies did not change during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. We conclude that the function of the IC is very sensitive to episodes of moderate hypoglycemia. These data provide direct evidence that the scope of adverse central nervous system effects resulting from hypoglycemia extends beyond cognitive centers to include the brain stem.
Comment on “Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Identifies Neural Progenitor Cells in the Live Human Brain”

Manganas et al. (Reports, 9 November 2007, p. 980) used a metabolic biomarker identified in vitro to characterize the existence of neural progenitor cells in vivo. Although their detailed experiments and general approach are laudable, aspects of their magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and analyses raise questions about their results.
Cluster imaging with a direct detection CMOS pixel sensor in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Abstract A cluster imaging technique for Transmission Electron Microscopy with a direct detection CMOS pixel sensor is presented. Charge centre-of-gravity reconstruction for individual electron clusters improves the spatial resolution and thus the point spread function. Data collected with a CMOS sensor with 9.5 × 9.5 μ m 2 pixels show an improvement of a factor of two in point spread function to 2.7 μ m at 300 keV and of a factor of three in the image contrast, compared to traditional bright field illumination.
Interaction between Cytochrome P450 2B1 and Cytochrome b5: Inhibition by Synthetic Peptides Indicates a Role for P450 Residues Lys-122 and Arg-125

Binding of cytochrome b5 to rat cytochrome P450 2B1 was inhibited (by 75%) by a synthetic peptide corresponding to P450 residues 116-134. The roles of Lys-122 and Arg-125 were evaluated using peptides in which one or both of these basic residues were replaced with Glu. The Lys-122 substitution nearly abolished while the Arg-125 replacement decreased (by 20%) the inhibitory potential of the peptide. Substitution of both residues resulted in a peptide with no inhibitory activity. These results thus indicate a role for a specific P450 region as well as two basic residues within this region In the cytochrome P450-cytochrome b5 interaction.
Bruce W. Wardropper (1919–2004)

Bruce W. Wardropper died in Durham, North Carolina, on 6 January 2004. He is survived by his wife, Nancy Palmer Wardropper, his son Ian Bruce Wardropper, and his granddaughter Chloe. At the time of...
Dynamic screening effects in plasma line broadening

The results of a kinetic theory of spectral-line broadening are applied to the calculation of Stark broadening for the Lyman-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ line in the classical-path approximation. In the small-plasma-parameter limit, the width and shift operator reduces to an average binary electron-atom collision operator with screened interactions and dynamic correlations. The effects of screening, particularly the variation with frequency, are indicated for a simplified model and compared with the corresponding model without screening but with an impact-parameter cutoff in the collision integral. Comparison with the dynamically screened second-order (Born approximation) collision integral is also given.
QUANTITATIVE CAPACITIVE MEASUREMENTS OF VOIDAGE IN GAS-SOLID FLOWS

ABSTRACT New capacitance probes were developed for quantitative, time-dependent measurements of voidage in gas-solid flows. Based on a unique guard circuit which nearly eliminates all stray and cable capacitances, these probes are fast (2 kHz) and they do not require in situ calibration. Two configurations were studied: small parallel plates for recording voidage profiles, and a non-intrusive design for local voidage measurements near a wall Static tests were performed using a fixed bed of known voidage and dielectric constant. The probes were also demonstrated in a two-dimensional fluidized bed of glass beads.
Effects of regional hypoxia and acidosis on Rb+ uptake and energetics in isolated pig hearts: 87Rb MRI and 31P MR spectroscopic study

Abstract The study compared the effects of regional hypoxia and acidosis on Rb + uptake and energetics in isolated pig hearts perfused by the Langendorff method. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was cannulated and the LAD bed was perfused with the same specific flow as the whole heart. Following equilibration with normal Krebs–Henseleit buffer (KHB, p O 2 568 mm Hg, pH 7.42) the perfusate was switched to one that contained Rb + (Rb-KHB). Simultaneously, perfusion through the LAD was carried out with hypoxic ( p O 2 =31 mm Hg), an acidemic (pH 7.12) or normal ( p O 2 =550 mm Hg) Rb-KHB for 120 min. 87 Rb images of the entire heart or localized 31 P spectra from the left ventricular anterior wall were acquired. Hypoxia decreased the maximal 87 Rb image intensity and Rb + flux in the anterior wall to 79±9% and 85±7%, respectively, of that in the posterior wall. Extracellular acidosis did not affect 87 Rb image intensity and reduced Rb + flux (83±10%). During hypoxia phosphocreatine and ATP decreased to 36±10 and 50±15% of baseline, respectively and intracellular pH (pHi) decreased to 6.90±0.05. Extracellular acidosis did not affect the phosphocreatine or ATP levels but reduced pHi (7.06±0.18 vs. 7.26±0.06 in control). We suggest that intracellular acidosis plays a role in the inhibition of Rb + uptake during hypoxia.
Uniform Convergence Of An Empirical Cdf Based On A Relatively Small Number Of Order Statistics

An empirical distribution function Fm, defined on a subset of order statistics of a random sample of size n taken from the distribution of a random variable with continuous distribution function F, is shown to converge uniformly with probability one to F. Small sample distributions of the one and two sided deviations and the asymptotic normality of the standardized Fm are established. The relative efficiency of Fm as compared to the classical empirical distribution function is calculated and tabled. for n = 10, 20, 50, 100, 200.
Validation of the Attitude-Older Adult and Aging-Visual Analogue Scales (At-O-A)

The purpose of this study was to psychometrically test a tool developed by the authors to assess college students' attitudes toward older adults and the aging process. The Older Adult and Aging-Visual Analog Scales, or At-O-A, consists of two visual analog scales, one that measures attitudes toward older adults and the other that measures attitudes toward the aging process. The content validity of the tool was first assessed, and revisions were made based on experts' feedback. Then a convenience sample of undergraduate students from the University of Southern Indiana and York College of Pennsylvania was recruited to further test the reliability and validity of the At-O-A (n = 198). The revised Fraboni Scale of Ageism (Rupp, Vodanovich, & Crede, 2005) and the Anxiety About Aging Scale (Lasher & Faulkender, 1993) were used to assess concurrent validity of the At-O-A. Results of Pearson's Correlation tests indicate medium-to-strong relationships with the Fraboni Scale of Ageism and the Anxiety About Aging Sc...
Procedures for obtaining high percentages of viable in vitro capacitated hamster sperm

Suspensions of nearly 100% viable golden hamster sperm were prepared by passing washed cauda epididymal sperm through a column of 0.25–0.3 mm glass beads. Incubations of these viable sperm under in vitro capacitation conditions in volumes of 0.1 or 1 ml (2–2.5 × 106/ml) resulted in 85–92% viable sperm after four hours and 45 minutes of incubation. More than 70% of these sperm were judged to have been capacitated after four hours and 45 minutes of incubation on the basis of their having undergone acrosome reactions and the presence of high numbers of sperm exhibiting the activated motility characteristic of capacitated hamster sperm. Thus, for the first time, procedures are available that will yield large numbers of viable capacitated sperm for biochemical analysis and that will also allow other studies of hamster sperm capacitation with minimum interference from molecules released from dead sperm.
A granulomatous dermatitis associated with idiopathic ulcerative colitis.

A 22-year-old white woman with a past medical history significant for left-sided ulcerative colitis since June 1996 was in good control until July 1998 when she developed bloody diarrhea treated with oral steroids. In September 1998, she was admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital because of worsening symptoms. Colonoscopic biopsy revealed recurrent ulcerative colitis. During the admission, she developed a painful erythematous plaque with central healing of 3 weeks' duration on the left side of the chest. A 3-mm punch biopsy was performed from the edge of the plaque. The patient underwent subtotal colectomy and ileostomy because of failure to respond to the medical treatment. Although no change of the skin lesion was observed after the biopsy, the lesion started to become less painful and flat, followed by complete resolution several days to a week after subtotal colectomy. The skin biopsy showed a mild epidermal hyperplasia, papillary dermal edema, and a superficial and deep dermal non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with numerous neutrophils ( Fig. 1). The granulomata were seen in perivascular and interstitial areas, with occasional foci at the dermal subcutaneous junction ( Fig. 2). The granulomatous infiltrates stained positively with KP-1 (CD68), confirming the histiocytic nature of the lesion ( Fig. 3). As there was a neutrophilic infiltrate associated with the granulomata, an infectious etiology was suspected; however, special stains for acid-fast bacillus, fungus or bacteria failed to reveal microorganisms. The colonic resection showed universal mucosal colonic involvement without granulomata consistent with fulminant active ulcerative colitis. Figure 1. Low magnification view of the lesion showing superficial and deep perivascular and interstitial non-necrotizing granulomata with neutrophilic infiltrate Download figure to PowerPoint Figure 2. High magnification view of the lesion showing non-necrotizing granulomata at the dermal subcutaneous junction Download figure to PowerPoint Figure 3. Intermediate magnification view of the granulomata showing positive reaction with CD68 antibody Download figure to PowerPoint
Chemical Ablation of Liver Cancer

Percutaneous chemical ablation is an established image-guided therapy for liver cancer that is relatively simple to perform and requires no specialized equipment. Chemical ablation has been used extensively for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and has achieved outcomes comparable to surgical resection for small, solitary HCC. More recent experience with chemical ablation has combined it with TACE or thermal ablation as part of a multimodality approach to liver cancer.
TYPE III FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE IN DAPHNIA

The functional response of Daphnia, a common pelagic herbivore in lakes, was assessed with a combination of secondary and meta-analyses of published data and new data from an experiment conducted using very low food levels. Secondary analyses of literature data (28 studies, n = 239-393) revealed a significant positive influence of food concentration on Daphnia clearance rate at low food levels, i.e., evidence of an overall Type III functional response. This result was not an artifact of including data from Daphnia that were exhausted from prolonged food deprivation (more than three hours at very low food). Meta-analysis of Daphnia clearance rate vs. food concentration across a range of low food concentrations (eight studies) showed a significantly positive slope across studies, which also supports the presence of a Type III response. Congruent with these analyses of published data, the feeding experiment showed clear evidence of a Type III functional response for D. pulicaria feeding on Ankistrodesmus falcatus. Food levels at which Daphnia clearance rate declined with decreasing food were near the minimum resource requirement for Daphnia population maintenance at steady state (R*). We suggest that Type III responses are more common than previously believed, perhaps because of the relative paucity of observations at low food levels, and that reduced prey mortality at low phytoplankton densities could be a stabilizing mechanism for Daphnia-phytoplankton systems under resource scarcity.
Faculty agency in striving university contexts: mundane yet powerful acts of agency

Drawing from Archer's critical realist theory of agency, this paper has two specific aims. First, the cultural and structural features of one ‘striving’ institution are outlined. Then, I illustrate how faculty members asserted agency inside their striving university in ways intended to disrupt the structures and cultures that striving universities produce. Forms of faculty agency included negotiating, critiquing and resisting. The work is relevant to those who study the academic profession; those who provide support and professional development to contemporary academics, especially academics serving inside striving universities; and, finally, to those interested in the study and possibility of human agency inside a higher education field that is marked by the pressures of both fiscal and cultural markets.
The mechanism of calcium and magnesium uptake from sea water by a marine bacterium.

Previously, the precipitation of calcium carbonate by marine bacteria had been described in which bacteria occupy the nucleus of micro-aragonite crystals. The mechanism of the process of calcium-binding by the cells is the subject of this study. Sea-water cultures of Pseudomonas piscicida (Bein) Buck et al. (A.T.C.C. 15057) were grown under standardized conditions (1% peptone-artificial sea water, 25°C). Cells of various ages were collected and analyzed for calcium and magnesium content under various conditions. Material composing cell walls was fractionated and analyzed for low molecular weight components. Cells up to a week old (1% peptone-artificial sea water) increase their content of calcium from 0 to 55% of the dry weight. Furthermore the Ca/Mg ratio in young, actively growing cells (up to 24 hours old) is one-fifth (approximately that of sea water). By 72 hours, the ratio is 1/2.5. At one week, it is 1/1, and by two weeks calcium content exceeds that of magnesium. Concentration of the alkaline-earth elements is primarily by the cell envelope, particularly by the muco-polysaccharide fraction. This fraction constitutes 20–25% of the dry weight of cells during rapid growth but increases to 47–52% of dry weight after one week. Binding of alkaline earths to active sites of muco-polysaccharide is probably by hydrogen bonds and London interaction forces, as removal of the elements by washing is readily accomplished. In addition, a ready source of calciumactive ligands is available in the ammonia produced in quantity by the bacteria. The complex formation by ammonia and Ca, coupled with the increase in pH, favors binding of calcium over that of magnesium by the cells.
Unwrapping algorithm for least-squares phase recovery from the modulo 2π bispectrum phase

One algorithm proposed for recovering an object’s Fourier phase from the phase of its bispectrum is the least-squares solution of the overdetermined system of equations that relate the Fourier and bispectrum phases. Although the least-squares technique is robust with respect to noise, it fails when the bispectrum phase is known only modulo 2π. A technique is presented for unwrapping the modulo 2π bispectrum; one can then obtain an accurate least-squares phase solution. Simulations that demonstrate the technique and test sensitivity to noise are given.
The Beginning of the End: Cardiolipin, Cytochrome C and the Apoptotic Trigger

Cytochrome c (cyt c) displays a striking ability to perform many seemingly disparate functions within the cell. It is responsible for shuttling electrons between protein complexes in the mitochondria to generate ATP and is also a primary signal for apoptosis when improperly localized as a result of an interaction with the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin (CL). We utilized reverse micelle nuclear magnetic resonance (RM-NMR) in order to investigate these different functional roles of cyt c at atomic resolution.
Comparison of models and measurements of angle-resolved scatter from irregular aerosols

Abstract We have developed and validated a method for modeling the elastic scattering properties of biological and inert aerosols of irregular shape at near- and mid-wave infrared wavelengths. The method, based on Gaussian random particles, calculates the ensemble-average optical cross section and Mueller scattering matrix, using the measured aerodynamic size distribution and previously-reported refractive index as inputs. The utility of the Gaussian particle model is that it is controlled by only two parameters (σ and Γ) which we have optimized such that the model best reproduces the full angle-resolved Mueller scattering matrices measured at λ=1.55 µm in the Standoff Aerosol Active Signature Testbed (SAAST). The method has been applied to wet-generated singlet biological spore samples, dry-generated biological spore clusters, and kaolin. The scattering computation is performed using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA), which requires significant computational resources, and is thus implemented on LLGrid, a large parallel grid computer. For the cases presented, the best fit Gaussian particle model is in good qualitative correspondence with microscopy images of the corresponding class of particles. The measured and computed cross sections agree well within a factor of two overall, with certain cases bearing closer correspondence. In particular, the DDA reproduces the shape of the measured scatter function more accurately than Mie predictions. The DDA-computed depolarization factors are also in good agreement with measurement.
Aggregator-centric QoS for body sensor networks

By integrating sensing, wireless communication and computation into tiny sensor devices, wireless sensor networks are receiving significant research attention from both academia and industry. Among the wide range of sensor network applications, assisted living has demonstrated great market potential as well as research challenges, and has been considered as one of the "killer" applications for wireless sensor networks.
Change-aware preemption prioritization

Successful software evolves as developers add more features, respond to requirements changes, and fix faults. Regression testing is widely used for ensuring the validity of evolving software. As regression test suites grow over time, it becomes expensive to execute them. The problem is exacerbated when test suites contain multithreaded tests. These tests are generally long running as they explore many different thread schedules searching for concurrency faults such as dataraces, atomicity violations, and deadlocks. While many techniques have been proposed for regression test prioritization, selection, and minimization for sequential tests, there is not much work for multithreaded code.We present a novel technique, called Change-Aware Preemption Prioritization (CAPP), that uses information about the changes in software evolution to prioritize the exploration of schedules in a multithreaded regression test. We have implemented CAPP in two frameworks for systematic exploration of multithreaded Java code. We evaluated CAPP on the detection of 15 faults in multithreaded Java programs, including large open-source programs. The results show that CAPP can substantially reduce the exploration required to detect multithreaded regression faults.
Absence of Supplementary Relationships in Requirements for Pyridoxin and Essential Fatty Acids.

SummaryIn an attempt to disclose the possibility of a “sparing action” of fatty acids on pyridoxin deficiency, varying levels of ethyl linoleate were fed in conjunction with a subnormal and an optimal level of pyridoxin; the “sparing action” was not observed.
TLR2 and MyD88 Contribute to Lactobacillus casei Extract–Induced Focal Coronary Arteritis in a Mouse Model of Kawasaki Disease

Background—Kawasaki disease is the most common cause of acquired cardiac disease and acute vasculitis in children, targets the coronary arteries, and can occasionally be fatal. The pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. After injection of Lactobacillus casei cell-wall extract (LCCWE), mice develop a focal coronary arteritis that histopathologically resembles Kawasaki disease, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) through their key downstream adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is required for the cellular activation and coronary arteritis produced by LCCWE. Methods and Results—Bone marrow–derived macrophages from TLR2- or MyD88-deficient mice were unresponsive to LCCWE-induced stimulation. In contrast, macrophages obtained from TLR4-deficient mice produced the same amount of interleukin-6 as macrophages from wild-type mice after stimulation with LCCWE. Intraperitoneal injection of LCCWE produced severe focal coronary arteritis in TLR4 / and C57BL/6 control mice but not in TLR2 / or MyD88 / mice. Collectively, these results indicate that LCCWE is a potent inducer of nuclear factor-B via TLR2 but not TLR4 and that this activation proceeds via the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. In vivo studies suggest that TLR2 / mice are protected from LCCWE-induced coronary arteritis and that this protection is mediated through the adaptor molecule MyD88. Conclusions—Our results provide important insights into the molecular signaling in this mouse model of coronary arteritis. We show here that LCCWE-induced coronary arteritis is dependent on intact TLR2 and MyD88 signaling. (Circulation. 2005;112:2966-2973.)
The status of communication studies in organizational contexts: One rhetorician's lament after a year‐long odyssey

This essay presents a series of impressions about the status of communication studies purporting to be done in or about organizational contexts, since roughly 1955, and is a radically condensed version of a year‐long study presented at the 1982 ECA convention. First, I discuss how the review of the literature was conducted. Second, I explain some of the special problems of language which lead to perspectival diremption across disciplinary borders. Third, I review the bulk of the literature under the category of “claims made about organizational hierarchies,”; using Jablin's original schema. Fourth, I discuss six promising areas of emerging research which focus on the communicative exchanges within organizations. Finally, I conclude with three recommendations concerning how research can be productively conducted and reported in the future.
Potential antihistamines with increased receptor specificity.

Abstract A series of N , N -dialkylaminoalkyl aniline derivatives were designed and prepared to elicit selective antihistaminic activity. As a result of the relative polarity of these compounds, undesirable CNS, adrenergic, and anticholinergic activities are expected to be less than those of the more lipophilic antihistaminic compounds. The intermediate substituted aniline derivatives were prepared by base-catalyzed substitution of aniline and were then N -acylated with 2-bromopropionyl bromide. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was accomplished by elemental analyses and IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Optical imaging through clouds and fog

Imaging and detection of objects at optical wavelengths offers better resolution than at microwave or millimeter wavelengths. However, the imaging is severely affected by scattering from fog and clouds. This paper presents a study of optical imaging through clouds by using the point-source vector radiative transfer theory. The point-spread function including complete polarization characteristics is presented with numerical examples at 1 /spl mu/m wavelength showing the effects of aperture size and optical depth on the shower curtain effects.
Pregnancy and sexual function in women with bladder exstrophy.

Abstract As a result of improved surgical and medical treatment, an increasing number of women with bladder exstrophy are reaching childbearing age. Unfortunately, little data exist regarding their sexual capacity, fertility, and potential complications of pregnancy. To assess these parameters, the medical records of 40 women ranging in age from nineteen to thirty-six years who had been treated in infancy for bladder exstrophy were reviewed. The 14 pregnancies in 11 women (25 %) resulted in 9 successful deliveries, 3 spontaneous abortions, and 2 elective abortions. Nine women in this group had previous urinary diversion. Twelve of the 40 women agreed to participate in a survey of sexual capacity. Eight of this group reported that they engaged in regular sexual activity. Six reported regular orgasms, 4 dyspareunia, and 5 dysmenorrhea. Five of these women had achieved 7 pregnancies, and only 1 woman in this group who desired pregnancy had been unable to conceive. Complications during pregnancy included: uterine prolapse in 7, acute pyelonephritis in 1, prolapsed ileal conduit in 1, and transient urinary incontinence in 1.
The Institutionalization of Commercialism in the Accounting Profession: An Identity-Experimentation Perspective

SUMMARY: This paper draws on theories of institutional work, institutional experimentation, and identity work to develop a conceptual framework of identity experimentation in order to better understand the institutionalization of commercialism in the accounting profession. The framework highlights two key collective identity-experimentation strategies by the profession: boundary work (claiming auditor knowledge and traits and redefining auditors as “versatile experts”) and practice work (reinventing audit to create an “expert work” identity and tailor-making expert work to fit the image of supercharged versatile experts). Such identity experimentation moves the accounting profession toward the commercialization of not only auditing practices but, more importantly, the very identity of the auditor and the profession as a whole. Such change is an important issue as it may have profound implications for the profession's roles in the market economy.
Indoor field measurements with a configurable multi-antenna testbed

This paper reports the development of a configurable, non-real-time, 2/spl times/2 multi-antenna testbed operating at 5.25 GHz with a bandwidth of 25 MHz.. MIMO-OFDM modulation and demodulation are performed offline. The unit is fully calibrated and was used in extensive indoor wireless measurements at UCLA. The paper reports measurements for SISO, SIMO 1/spl times/2 and MIMO 2/spl times/2 setups in line of sight and nonline of sight channels. These measurements show that LOS channels are not necessarily detrimental for MIMO performance. Further experiments show that with -3 dBm of transmit power uncoded data rates of 140 Mbit/s are achievable.
Toward image-based scene representation using view morphing

The question of which views map be inferred from a set of basis images is addressed. Under certain conditions, a discrete set of images implicitly describes scene appearance for a continuous range of viewpoints. In particular it is demonstrated that two basis views of a static scene determine the set of all views an the line between their optical centers. Additional basis views further extend the range of predictable views to a two- or three-dimensional region of viewspace. These results are shown to apply under perspective projection subject to a generic visibility constraint called monotonicity. In addition, a simple scanline algorithm is presented for actually generating these views from a set of basis images. The technique, called view morphing map be applied to both calibrated and uncalibrated images. At a minimum, two basis views and their fundamental matrix are needed. Experimental results are presented an real images. This work provides a theoretical foundation for image-based representations of 3D scenes by demonstrating that perspective view synthesis is a theoretically well-posed problem.
Another Use of the Concept of the Simulacrum: Deleuze, Lucretius and the Practical Critique of Demystification

While many of the most important figures in the history of philosophy have employed the concept of the simulacrum in one way or another, a detailed study of this usage has yet to be written. In this essay, I will attempt to tell the story of a sequence in that history of that usage, by focusing on one of Deleuze's case studies of the concept of the simulacrum. To do so, I will focus primarily on one the appendices to The Logic of Sense: ‘Lucretius and the Simulacrum’. In order to understand what I will call the Deleuze–Lucretius encounter, I will proceed as follows. After a few initial guiding remarks regarding the general project of the ‘inversion of Platonism’, we will outline some of the most fundamental features of atomistic physics. This will allow us to discuss Lucretius’ thoughts on the clinamen, the swerve. This, in turn, leads directly to the concept of the simulacrum. With such a picture of Lucretian physics in hand, I will pivot to a discussion of Lucretius’ ethics. The ethics consists of a cri...
Integrating Internationalization in Counseling Psychology Training Programs

Previous scholars have made specific suggestions regarding what counseling psychology training programs can do to help future psychologists become more cross-culturally aware. This article addresses the questions of whether and how U.S. counseling psychology training programs are currently employing these suggestions. Forty-seven American Psychological Association— accredited counseling psychology programs responded (67% response rate) to a survey designed to assess the availability of international training opportunities to graduate students in counseling psychology. In-depth interviews were also conducted with faculty members from 10 programs. Several ideas emerged from the data, including the role of students and the most common obstacles for developing an international perspective. Specific examples of programs' international activities are provided, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Social Cognition Unbound Insights Into Anthropomorphism and Dehumanization

People conceive of wrathful gods, fickle computers, and selfish genes, attributing human characteristics to a variety of supernatural, technological, and biological agents. This tendency to anthropomorphize nonhuman agents figures prominently in domains ranging from religion to marketing to computer science. Perceiving an agent to be humanlike has important implications for whether the agent is capable of social influence, accountable for its actions, and worthy of moral care and consideration. Three primary factors—elicited agent knowledge, sociality motivation, and effectance motivation—appear to account for a significant amount of variability in anthropomorphism. Identifying these factors that lead people to see nonhuman agents as humanlike also sheds light on the inverse process of dehumanization, whereby people treat human agents as animals or objects. Understanding anthropomorphism can contribute to a more expansive view of social cognition that applies social psychological theory to a wide variety of both human and nonhuman agents.
National Erotica, The Politics of “Traditional” Dance in Tanzania

In Tanzania, a tension exists between the persistence of the “primi-tive” and “erotic” stereotype of African performance and the emergent means of representing culture and gender on the dance stage. This tension leads to a complex process of inventing, counterinventing, and reinventing tradition.
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a relatively recently described entity, distinct from placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and choriocarcinoma (CC), with a resemblance to squamous cell carcinoma. With slightly less than 100 cases reported in the literature, ETT is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) arising from the chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast. ETT was initially thought to be a variant of choriocarcinoma and is also referred to as “atypical choriocarcinoma.”
Missile Mania Some Rules for the Game

In the future, international agreements must elicit the support of both developing and developed states. An effort to broaden the Missile Technology Control Regime into an international treaty seems quixotic, at best. Developing countries would object to its discriminatory nature, and it does not cover other destabilizing weapons such as nonballistic missiles and aircraft. Most proposals to restrain missiles show little sensitivity to developing states' ambitions to become equals in the international system. A first step might be to convene an international missile conference, under neutral auspices, to permit a full airing of all countries; views and to set a framework for cooperation. Modest agreements on some confidence- and security-building measures outlined here might be possible in the near future. The spread of ballistic missiles is a harbinger of future weapons proliferation. Industrial nations may find they are no longer able to use technological superiority to influence international events, and the quest for technological advantage will become ever more elusive. The developing countries must be taken seriously, and their interests must be recognized as enduring as well as diverse. 2 refs.
Lost in Transposition: Erroneous Conflation of Statistical Certainty with Evidentiary Standards

Legal burdens of persuasion set the level of certainty needed to find for a party in light of the evidence. Or, the probability that a party’s hypothesis is “true” in light of the evidence. Statistical significance, quite differently, speaks to the probability of the evidence in light of the (null) hypothesis. Some courts conflate these two concepts and permit scientific evidence with statistical significance at a 50% confidence level, because this corresponds to the common civil evidentiary standard of preponderance of the evidence, or “more likely than not.” Underlying the unspoken conclusion that legal evidentiary standards are equivalent to statistical significance, though, is the transposition fallacy: It equates “the probability of the hypothesis given the evidence” with “the probability of the evidence given the hypothesis.” This Article argues that courts commit this error in part because of a misunderstanding of the p-value. To examine the difficulty of courts with p-values, this Article conducts a novel empirical study of all federal cases defining a p-value that reports the accuracy of the definition and identifies the source on which the court reportedly relied, including the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, expert testimony, legal precedent, or no source (i.e., the court’s own formulation). Surprisingly, this Article shows that the vast majority of courts committed the transposition fallacy when defining the p-value, and perhaps even more surprisingly that most inaccurate definitions were based on expert testimony. This Article concludes that, while the Reference Manual improves courts’ understanding of statistical evidence, the error cannot be corrected without help from the expert witnesses.
Mixture model of pottery decorations from Lake Chad Basin archaeological sites reveals ancient segregation patterns.

We present a new statistical approach to analysing an extremely common archaeological data type—potsherds—that infers the structure of cultural relationships across a set of excavation units (EUs). This method, applied to data from a set of complex, culturally heterogeneous sites around the Mandara mountains in the Lake Chad Basin, helps elucidate cultural succession through the Neolithic and Iron Age. We show how the approach can be integrated with radiocarbon dates to provide detailed portraits of cultural dynamics and deposition patterns within single EUs. In this context, the analysis supports ancient cultural segregation analogous to historical ethnolinguistic patterning in the region. We conclude with a discussion of the many possible model extensions using other archaeological data types.
ROLE OF BLOOD FLOW AND ALKALINE SECRETION IN ACID-INDUCED DEEP DUODENAL VILLOUS INJURY IN RATS

The effect of 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on duodenal blood flow, alkaline secretion, and acid-induced deep duodenal villous injury was studied. The duodena of anesthetized rats were prepared for simultaneous measurement of alkaline secretion by back titration, and blood flow by hydrogen gas clearance; or for perfusion with 0.1 N HCl and histological examination of villous injury. The results revealed that the dmPGE2-induced increase in basal alkaline secretion (due solely to an increase in the volume of secretion) appears to be a better predictor of protection against exogenous acid-induced deep duodenal villous injury than rise in duodenal blood flow, since CRF induces a similar rise in duodenal blood flow but does not enhance alkaline secretion or reduce acid-induced villous damage. The absence of a greater loss of H+ during acid perfusion of the duodenum in the dmPGE2-treated rats, however, suggests that the mechanism of the dmPGE2 protection against acid-induced deep duodenal villous injury cannot be explained entirely by its ability to increase basal duodenal alkaline secretion.
The perfectionism social disconnection model: The mediating role of communication styles

Abstract The perfectionism social disconnection model contends that perfectionism is negatively associated with social support. Researchers have investigated the mechanisms by which perfectionism may lower social support; however, no extant study has explored the role of communication styles. The purpose of this study was to explore whether communication styles mediate the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and perceived social support in a large sample of U.S. college students. Results found that maladaptive perfectionism had a negative direct effect on social support as well as a negative indirect effect through preciseness and verbal aggressiveness as well as a positive indirect effect through emotionality. This suggests that perfectionism may lower perceived social support through more aggressive and precise communication patterns but also may increase perceived social support through communication about negative emotions.
Modeling Differences in Biological Shape in Two Species of Peromyscus

A morphometric comparison of scapular shape was conducted between two species of Peromyscus ( P. gossypinus and P. floridanus ). Earlier findings suggested that scapulae of adult P. floridanus are relatively more horizontally elongate than those of P. gossypinus and were interpreted as being related to differences in frequency of arboreal climbing. However, adult P. floridanus are significantly larger in body size than adult P. gossypinus . Using traditional methods of analysis and tensor-biometrics, a biostatistical approach to landmark data, we examine whether significant differences in scapular shape exist independently of differences in size. Linear measures of adult P. floridanus are consistently and significantly larger than those of adult P. gossypinus , but larger adult P. gossypinus have the same scapular proportions as smaller adult P. floridanus . Tensor analysis confirmed results of traditional methods indicating that the two groups share a common pattern of allometry. This work underscores the importance of an allometric approach to assessing the functional implications of variation in morphology.
Real-Time Frequency Response Estimation Using Multi-Sine Inputs and Recursive Fourier Transform

ight data in real time. The approach uses orthogonal phase-optimized multi-sine excitations, a recursive Fourier transform, and no prior information about the dynamics. Flight data from an F-16 nonlinear simulation and T-2 subscale aircraft were used to demonstrate the technique. Results in straight and level ight indicated that accurate frequency responses, uncertainty, and stability margins for short period motions were obtained within 5{10 seconds. Results also showed that data forgetting facilitated successful tracking of time-varying dynamics.
Immunologic Studies in a Case of Typhoid with Relapses

The literature contains numerous references to relapses in typhoid but only an occasional report of typhoid with so-called negative Widal tests. We found no complete immunologic studies of these cases. The reports of Bartsocas,1 Bacaloglu, Dumitresco-Mante and Ciorapciu,2 Warfield 3 and others show that relapses occur in from 4.5 to 30 per cent of cases, and that two attacks are common, three uncommon, and four and five rare. Bartsocas believes that the great difference in frequency of relapses may be due to the unreliability of the agglutination tests in subsequent attacks and that blood cultures are essential to the making of a dependable diagnosis. So far as we have been able to find, only seven cases of typhoid with negative Widal tests have been reported. Of these, one case showed a late positive Widal reaction and a late positive blood culture (Wigmore and Croker4); in one case the Widal reaction became positive on the forty-ninth day (Chatterjee5); two cases showed negative Widal tests but positive O type agglutinations (Stirk and Steabben 6 and Gardner, Hobson and Stenhouse 7), and in three cases reported by Halpern 8 he failed to obtain a positive Widal test in a period of five weeks. Halpern, however, did not mention the possibility of O type clumping. In his series of sixtyseven cases this author also observed one in which the patient gave a positive Widal test with a dilution of 1: 80 in the second week of the disease but negative reactions thereafter. In this report is presented a case of typhoid in which three attacks occurred in three months, and on the nineteenth day of the illness an inconclusive Widal reaction with a dilution of 1: 80 was reported. The patient was admitted to the hospital during the first attack, and the
Autonomous interconversion between adult pancreatic α-cells and β-cells after differential metabolic challenges.

Abstract Background Evidence hints at the ability of β-cells to emerge from non-β-cells upon genetic or pharmacological interventions. However, their quantitative contributions to the process of autonomous β-cell regeneration without genetic or pharmacological manipulations remain to be determined. Methods & results Using PANIC-ATTAC mice, a model of titratable, acute β-cell apoptosis capable of autonomous, and effective islet mass regeneration, we demonstrate that an extended washout of residual tamoxifen activity is crucial for β-cell lineage tracing studies using the tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP systems. We further establish a doxycycline-inducible system to label different cell types in the mouse pancreas and pursued a highly quantitative assessment to trace adult β-cells after various metabolic challenges. Beyond proliferation of pre-existing β-cells, non-β-cells contribute significantly to the post-challenge regenerated β-cell pool. α-cell trans-differentiation is the predominant mechanism upon post-apoptosis regeneration and multiparity. No contributions from exocrine acinar cells were observed. During diet-induced obesity, about 25% of α-cells arise de novo from β-cells. Ectopic expression of Nkx6.1 promotes α-to-β conversion and insulin production. Conclusions We identify the origins and fates of adult β-cells upon post-challenge upon autonomous regeneration of islet mass and establish the quantitative contributions of the different cell types using a lineage tracing system with high temporal resolution.
Comparative analysis of the results of primary screening test and reconfirmation test for HIV antibody in epidemic situation report

Objective To explore the technical problems of the HIV-Ab test following up the primary screening test and reconfirmation test.Method Comparative the results of primary screening test and reconfirmation test for HIV antibody in epidemic situation report in Wuhu city in 2011,and analyze the antibody WB banding patterns,infected with basic information.Results The reconfirm tests of Weston Blot were done in 119 serum samples which were positive in the primary screening tests.The results were 80 positive,23 negative and 16 questionable.Two kind of the primary screening reagents for the test results display the 93 samples were positive,identified 80 samples were positive,6 questionable samples,7 sample was negative.However the results aren't similar in two times primary screening test was 26 serum samples which were identified all negative and questionable.In the 80 confirmed HIV-positive specimens,P55 band appears the least,only 50.00%.Gp160 band appears the highest frequency Of the 16 uncertainty samples,accounting for 62.50% of uncertain specimens.Conclusion We should use screening reagent to exclude the weak positive specimens after screening as far as possible,so as to reducing the results of "uncertainty of HIV antibody".the indeterminate HIV WB is related to the false positive of WB test,it can be interpretated accurately by combined with epidemiological data.
HIV-1 subtype diversity and transmission clusters among men having sex with men who recently got HIV-l infection, in Zhejiang province

Objective To understand the HIV-1 subtype diversity and transmission characteristics in men having sex with men (MSM) in Zhejiang province. Methods A total of 233 newly diagnosed as HIV-1 positive patients in 2011 were screened out by BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). Among them, 107 eligible subjects were enrolled for further molecular epidemiological study. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma samples and followed by reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR for amplification of pol gene fragments, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences regarding the social demographic distribution between the subjects under study and those recently infected MSM population. The rate of success for sequence acquisition was 94.4% (101/107). The highest proportion of subtype was CRF01_AE (62.4%),followed by CRF07_BC (31.7%) and with three cases of subtype B, one case of CRF55_01B and two cases of unique recombinant form (CRF01 AE/B and CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC). The phylogenetic trees were mainly divided into CRF01_AE cluster 1, cluster 2 and CRF07_BC cluster 3. The strains located in Hangzhou were diffused in the branches of phylogenetic tree. 10 transmission clusters were found, in which 80% involved two or more regions and 90% was associated with patients residing in Hangzhou. Three surveillance drug resistance mutations (M46I, T215S and G190A) were found in three samples (each sample harbored only one resistance mutation). The overall rate of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) was 2.97%. Conclusion The increasing complexity of HIV was noticed in MSM in Zhejiang province. However, the prevalence of TDR was low. Cross-regional HIV transmission in MSM was common, which inferred from the study. Hangzhou might play a central regional role in the intra-provincial spread of HIV,to form an interwoven complex network in the MSM population. Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus; Men who have sex with men; Subtype; Transmission cluster; Transmitted drug resistance