cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of personal characteristics on salespeople's coping style.

Researchers are devoting efforts to developing and testing theory concerning how salespeople cope with job stress. To further understanding in that area, the present study evaluates the influence of four personal variables, locus of control, task based self-efficacy, continuance commitment, and social support relative to Problem Focused and Emotion-Focused coping styles. Findings suggest that salespeople who employ a Problem-Focused Coping (PFC) style possess a more internal locus of control and greater self-efficacy beliefs. None of the four personal characteristics variables were predictive of salespeople's use of Emotion-Focused Coping (EFC) style.
Principles of Effective Risk Management

Chapter 11 argued for an approach that placed risk management in service of a specific goal in the development of strategy: outcome assessment. This recommendation stems from two of the dominant lessons of the financial crisis: that the concept of risk had become fragmented and incoherent; and that many of the most common cognitive and framing errors push decision-makers toward urgent, nonconsequentialist thinking. Developing a single coherent approach to risk, and focusing risk analysis on outcomes, are the first steps toward the effective employment of risk as a component of a larger strategy process.
Political Communication Research and the Mutations of Democracy

In recent years many political communication researchers have attempted to relate the attributes of political messages to the circumstances of the generative institutions of political communication, political institutions and media institutions. This mode of analysis helps reveal why the political messages produced by actors within these institutions have the attributes that define them and lead to their civic consequences. As its generative institutions undergo fundamental changes in response to altered circumstances, raising the possibility of corresponding but not yet known changes in democratic processes and practices, the study of political communication has taken on particular urgency. This essay describes some of the current research that endeavors to appreciate the wider context of political communication and illustrates some of the main themes of political communication study.
Acquiring and Exploiting Persistency of Propargyl Radicals: Novel Paradigms

Three complementary methods for altering an intrinsic nature of propargyl radicals, from transient to persistent, were developed by fine-tuning the bulkiness and degree of substitution around the secondary and tertiary propargylic carbons, as well as by sterically enhancing a π-bonded Co2(CO)6 metal core. The latter was employed, as a mechanistic tool, for precluding an acetylene–allene rearrangement, stabilizing propargyl cations, and creating a steric hindrance that could provide for said transition from transient to persistent propargyl radicals. A window of opportunities was identified wherein the steric bulkiness in propargyl radicals remains below the “persistency threshold”, providing good to excellent stereoselectivities in radical dimerization reactions (d,l 62–100%). Along with the persistency threshold for tertiary propargyl radicals (278.2 A3), two different thresholds for persistency in secondary propargyl radicals were established—306.5 and 576.0 A3—dependent upon the molecular architecture ...
Increased Red Cell Adhesion Is Associated with Overt Stroke in Sickle Cell Disease.

The major cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) is tissue ischemia and infarction due to vascular obstruction. One of the most devastating vascular complications of SCD is clinical stroke caused by occlusion of the large cerebral arteries in the Circle of Willis or its branches. Overt stroke occurs with obvious speech or motor deficits in approximately 10% of children with SCD. Additional complications due to stroke in SCD include an increased risk of secondary disabilities such as mental retardation and learning disabilities, with the most severe forms of neurocognitive impairments associated with large vessel disease (overt stroke). When compared to normal RBCs, sickle red blood cells (SS-RBCs) have markedly increased adhesion to the vascular endothelium and several subendothelial matrix proteins. The increased sickle RBC adhesion likely plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of vascular obstruction. We have previously shown that SS-RBCs have enhanced adhesion to the plasma and extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP) under conditions of flow in vitro . In addition, we have observed that the level of adhesion of RBC adhesion varies from patient to patient (i.e., there are some patients whose RBCs tend to consistently be “stickier” or “less sticky” than other patients). In this study, we proposed that patients who develop large vessel (Circle of Willis and major branches) central nervous system (CNS) disease (e.g., clinical stroke) have higher baseline levels of RBC adhesion. Thus, we examined the level of sickle RBC adhesion to immobilized TSP under flow conditions from patients with SCD with and without stroke. We recruited 87 male and female patients over the age 3 yrs with HbSS disease from the Wisconsin Sickle Cell Disease Comprehensive Center. Of these, 8 patients later developed an overt stroke following their participation in this study. None of the patients were transfused prior to studying RBC adhesion. After obtaining informed consent, blood samples were collected into citrate from patients with HbSS disease. Washed RBCs were perfused through flow chambers previously coated with TSP (2 μg/cm2) at a wall shear stress of 1 dyne/cm2 that mimics the forces in post-capillary venules and optimizes sickle RBC adhesion. After rinsing, adherent RBCs per unit area were counted in four random fields in each of two duplicate wells by direct microscopic visualization. We found that patients with SCD who developed an overt stroke (n=8) had a higher level of RBC adhesion (1436 ±101 RBCs/mm2) compared to 79 unselected patients with SCD who had a mean RBC adhesion of 1004 ± 53 RBCs/mm2 (p=0.016, student t-Test). Thus, RBCs derived from the subpopulation of patients with SCD who developed an overt stroke associated with large vessel disease have an abnormally enhanced adhesive phenotype. These data suggest that enhanced levels of RBC adhesion may play a role in the development of large vessel disease in SCD.
The use of panitumumab (Pan) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) whose disease has progressed through treatment (Rx) with cetuximab (Cet)

e15142 Background: Both Pan and Cet have activity in the Rx of metastatic CRC. As they each target the epidermal growth factor receptor, and are believed to have the same mechanism of action, pts w...
EFFECT OF ANATOMICAL PATELLA ON ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN, CREPITATION AND SATISFACTION: A PROSPECTIVE MATCHED-PAIR ANALYSIS

Introduction Anterior knee pain (AKP) is a recognized cause of patient9s dissatisfaction after total knee arthroplasty. Potential implant/technique related contributors to AKP are patellofemoral maltracking, trochlear geometry, femoral malrotation, patellar tilt and overstuffing. The primary aim of this prospective, matched pair study was to assess the safety, efficacy and performance of an anatomic patella and its effect on AKP in in a matched pair analysis. Material and Methods Between July 2012 and May 2013, 55 consecutive posterior stabilized cemented Attune TKAs (Depuy) were matched to the PFC Sigma group based on age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). All surgeries were performed via medial parapatellar approach with patellar resurfacing. Clinical and radiographic analysis was performed prospectively with minimum 6 month follow-up. Radiographic measurements included overall limb alignment, anterior offset, posterior offset, joint line, patellar thickness, patellar tilt and patellar displacement by two independent observers. Results The mean functional outcomes were similar in both groups. AKP incidence between Attune and PFC was statistically insignificant (3.6% and 3.8%). Radiographic analysis revealed no mal-alignment, or osteolysis. No complications such as infection, patellar fracture, subluxation or dislocations were observed. Discussion Attune knee design demonstrates excellent short-term safety and efficacy. At minimum 6-month follow-up, anatomical patella with shows less AKP than single radius patella design. Longer follow-up is required to assess functional outcome this design.
Model and data analysis of two-settlement electricity market with virtual bidding

Systematic nonzero spreads, defined as the differences between day-ahead and real-time prices, are routinely observed in the wholesale electricity markets. Virtual bidding is a financial mechanism which aims to reduce the magnitude of spreads by allowing market participants to arbitrage on the spread. We follow a data-driven approach to develop a two-settlement market model, and consider a game-theoretic setting with virtual bidders as strategic players. We interpret the spread as a measure of the average forecast accuracy of the market and all the virtual bidders. The main results convey the implication that introducing more qualified virtual bidders into the market help the convergence of the spread.
Laser microsurgery: A review of 110 tumors of the brain and spinal cord

The relative importance or utility of the carbon dioxide laser within the total context of multimodality therapy and in comparison to conventional surgical techniques is unknown. Over a 36 month period, 421 operations for tumors of the brain and spinal cord were performed in our clinic. Of these, 111 (26%) were carried out with the aid of the laser. After excluding stereotactic and transsphenoidal operations, a comparison was made between 105 laser and 216 non-laser craniotomies. With the exception of pituitary tumors, the most frequent diagnoses in both the laser and non-laser cases were the same: malignant astrocytoma (48.6 vs 33.9%), meningioma (11.4 vs 14.2%) and low grade astrocytoma (8.6 vs 8.7%). The number of reoperations in the laser group (60.1%) was higher than in the non-laser group (32.7%; p<0.000001) and the mean operating time (299 minutes vs 237 minutes; p<.00001) was longer, but there was no significant mean difference in mortality, CNS morbidity, mean blood loss (638 ml vs 671ml) or mean length of stay (23 vs 25 days). For the subgroup of 134 cases of malignant astrocytoma, 82% of laser procedures were reoperations versus 50% for non-laser cases (p<0.0002) and the mean operating time was slightly longer (p<0.02). The length of stay for laser cases tended to be less (21 vs 27 days; p<0.04), but there was again no difference in blood loss (457ml vs 522ml), CNS morbidity (7.8 vs 4.8%) or mortality. We conclude that the essential equivalence in outcomes, despite a higher number of reoperations and difficult benign tumors in the laser group, may indicate the usefulness of the laser but that less than 25% of all tumor patients will benefit from this surgical tool. It is not possible to statistically demonstrate the benefits of laser surgery by standard measures of outcome.
Paradigm Shifts Don’t Come Easy: Confrontations between the Trauma Perspective and the DSM in Mental Health Treatment for Abused and Neglected Children

Abused and neglected children are in need of trauma-informed behavioral health care. This research explores whether the trauma perspective has infiltrated the system of care for these children. A case study was conducted of a behavioral health program that serves children in State custody in a large urban area in the US. Results reveal that trauma is not incorporated into behavioral health services in any formal or substantive way. In addition, data suggest that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) represents a significant barrier to the creation of trauma-informed systems. Data reveal how the DSM ignores, defeats, or co-opts the trauma perspective. These findings suggest that trauma-informed care is not easily added to the existing behavioral health system. Research and dialogue are needed about how to achieve system change so that maltreated children’s trauma histories inform and influence the services they receive.
The Emotive Textualities of Wilhelm Jensen’s Karin von Schweden

This article traces the emotive textuality in Wilhelm Jensen’s (1837–1911) Karin von Schweden (1872), which is an anomaly in the author’s expansive oeuvre of over 160 prose works in that it is one of his very few literary successes. Drawing on work in cognitive literary theory and emotion studies, the essay identifies emotive textualities in (1) the text’s emphasis on characters’ interiority through an extensive interest in fostering readerly attribution of thoughts, emotions, and motivations to actions of fictive characters (or, Theory of Mind, as cognitive sciences call the process), and (2) the text’s emphasis on facilitating readerly empathetic alignment with figures. The goal is to use the emotive textuality as a way to situate Jensen’s text in the context of sentimental fiction and the author’s personal populist style.
Cognitive science view of software engineering

The present foundations of software engineering are reviewed and found to be inadequate for an effective theory of software engineering. The properties that a foundation (or theory) of software engineering should have are developed. The present and possible future relationships between cognitive science and software engineering are explored. A cognitive based perspective on software engineering is outlined that offers the possibility of a coherent foundation for the field that will allow an ambitious and effective research agenda.
Empirical Questions About Developmental Psycholinguistics Raised by a Theory of Language Acquisition

I take it that the chief concern of developmental psycholinguistics is the question of how the child learns language. Following Chomsky (1965, Chapter 1, and many other places) I take it that this problem is also the major concern of linguistic theory. Yet it is my impression that there is a tension between the two disciplines, as if the two disciplines gave two different kinds of answers to the same question. It seems to me rather that the situation would be more productive for science as a whole if the relationship between the two disciplines were more like a division of labour than one of competing viewpoints. In my opinion the tension exists at least partly because of a conceptual confusion. In this paper I would first like to explicate that confusion and then to sketch out, with examples from my own work, ways of making the relationship between the two disciplines more productive.
The computational modelling of micromagnetic fine structures in uniaxial ferromagnets using the nonconforming domain decomposition method

We propose a reformulation of singularly perturbated non-convex functionals using the global scaling laws and the nonconforming domain decomposition. We implement the method using an equi-distribution principle to guarantee a convergence of minimizing sequences. We present a computational example demonstrating the capability of this method.
Mobility-Aware Multi-User MIMO Link Scheduling for Dense Wireless Networks

In this paper, we consider the multiuser MIMO scheduling problem for dense wireless networks with access point cooperation. The problem is to maximize the aggregate throughput within a single cluster of access points, while maintaining a general fairness criterion. To alleviate the protocol overhead and sustain the performance of both stationary and mobile users, we propose a mobility-aware scheduling approach, which places users into stationary and mobile groups based on a novel CSI similarity metric. The algorithm then schedules the two groups into separate time slots. To balance fairness between stationary and mobile user groups, we adaptively determine their transmission time fractions. Different scheduling strategies are applied for the two groups. For stationary users, we collect CSI infrequently and perform a computationally expensive scheduling algorithm that is highly optimized to maximize throughput while maintaining fairness. For mobile users, we do per-time-slot CSI measurement and schedule users for each time slot using a very fast but less-optimized algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate that, when accounting for CSI feedback and scheduling overheads, our proposed scheduling algorithm with mobility awareness maintains very good fairness and provides substantial performance gains compared to conventional approaches that do not separate mobile and stationary users.
Examining Image-Based Button Labeling for Accessibility in Android Apps through Large-Scale Analysis

We conduct the first large-scale analysis of the accessibility of mobile apps, examining what unique insights this can provide into the state of mobile app accessibility. We analyzed 5,753 free Android apps for label-based accessibility barriers in three classes of image-based buttons: Clickable Images, Image Buttons, and Floating Action Buttons. An epidemiology-inspired framework was used to structure the investigation. The population of free Android apps was assessed for label-based inaccessible button diseases. Three determinants of the disease were considered: missing labels, duplicate labels, and uninformative labels. The prevalence, or frequency of occurrences of barriers, was examined in apps and in classes of image-based buttons. In the app analysis, 35.9% of analyzed apps had 90% or more of their assessed image-based buttons labeled, 45.9% had less than 10% of assessed image-based buttons labeled, and the remaining apps were relatively uniformly distributed along the proportion of elements that were labeled. In the class analysis, 92.0% of Floating Action Buttons were found to have missing labels, compared to 54.7% of Image Buttons and 86.3% of Clickable Images. We discuss how these accessibility barriers are addressed in existing treatments, including accessibility development guidelines.
A Regression-Based Methodology to Improve Estimation of Inertial Sensor Errors Using Allan Variance Data

This research proposes a novel, autonomous, regression-based methodology for Allan variance analysis of inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors. Current methods for Allan variance analysis have been rooted in the human-based interpretation of linear trends, referred to as the slope method. The slope method is so prolific; it is referenced among electrical and electronics engineering standards for IMU error analysis. However, the graphical nature and visual-inspection–based use of the method limit its ability to be programmed as a generalized algorithm,which hinders the autonomy desired in modern-day navigation computations. Using nonlinear regression with a ridge-regression initial guess, the proposed method is shown to produce comparable results to the gold standard slope method when using standard-length data collections and outperforms the slope method when the amount of available data is limited. This development directly enables accurate navigation solutions for all vehicles in land, air, sea, and space operations.
On the Legacy of Genetically Altered Mouse Models to Explore Vestibular Function: Distribution of Vestibular Hair Cell Phenotypes in the Otoferlin-Null Mouse:

Objectives:Early in his career, David Lim recognized the scientific impact of genetically anomalous mice exhibiting otoconia agenesis as models of drastically compromised vestibular function. While these studies focused on the mutant pallid mouse, contemporary genetic tools have produced other models with engineered functional modifications. Lim and colleagues foresaw the need to analyze vestibular epithelia from pallid mice to verify the absence of downstream consequences that might be secondary to the altered load represented by otoconial agenesis. More generally, however, such comparisons also contribute to an understanding of the susceptibility of labyrinthine sensory epithelia to more widespread cellular changes associated with what may appear as isolated modifications.Methods:Our laboratory utilizes a model of vestibular hypofunction produced through genetic alteration, the otoferlin-null mouse, which has been shown to exhibit severely compromised stimulus-evoked neurotransmitter release in type I h...
Photonics for Jamming Tolerant Wideband RF Communications

A microwave photonic architecture for jamming tolerant RF transmission of wideband 10-100 Mbps data is analyzed. Switched optical delays implement spread-spectrum encoding and sliding-window decoding of the RF-carrier phase. Any strong jammers are selectively attenuated by a frequency agnostic photonic limiter and further attenuated by the decoder and bandpass filter.
NETs spread ever wider in rheumatic diseases.

Dysregulation in the formation and/or clearance of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is important in immune dysregulation and organ damage in chronic inflammatory conditions. Studies in 2019 have shown how certain genetic susceptibilities to autoimmunity can promote NET-mediated inflammation, and expanded the role for NETs in vascular damage and premature atherosclerosis.
Review—Recent Advances in Nanosensors Built with Pre-Pulled Glass Nanopipettes and Their Applications in Chemical and Biological Sensing

Nanosensors built with pre-pulled glass nanopipettes, including bare or chemically modified nanopipettes and fully or partially filled solid nanoelectrodes, have found applications in chemical and biological sensing via resistive-pulse, current rectification, and electrochemical sensing. These nanosensors are easily fabricated and provide advantages through their needle-like geometry with nanometer-sized tips, making them highly sensitive and suitable for local measurements in extremely small samples. The variety in the geometry and layout have extended sensing capabilities. In this review, we will outline the fundamentals in fabrication, modification, and characterization of those pre-pulled glass nanopipette based nanosensors and highlight the most recent progress in their development and applications in real-time monitoring of biological processes, chemical ion sensing, and single entity analysis.
A Highly Reliable Lightweight Distribution Network Communication Encryption Scheme

The distribution network belongs to the national key infrastructure, and the data of the automation distribution network is sensitive. It is necessary to encrypt the data in the network. At present, the communication network communication protection measures mainly aim at the security flaws of the communication protocol and the communication channel, and use the asymmetric key to encrypt the data in the network and authenticate the primary station and the terminal. Considering the current distribution network architecture, this paper designs a lightweight communication encryption scheme. The primary station side and the terminal side first perform two-way identity authentication, and then use SM4 symmetric encryption algorithm to protect power data, using SM2 asymmetric encryption. The algorithm encapsulates symmetric encryption keys and data signatures.
Social capital as a predictor of neighborhood satisfaction: an analysis of American Housing Survey national data

Social capital plays a critical role in neighborhood satisfaction, which in turn contributes to healthy and vibrant communities. However, scholars in housing and community development often leave s...
Does teaching an omnibus mand preclude the development of specifying mands

When problem behavior is controlled by a synthesized reinforcement contingency, a simple omnibus mand that yields access to all reinforcers simultaneously has been shown to effectively replace problem behavior. The question arises as to whether teaching an omnibus mand will preclude the acquisition of specifying mands for each of the combined reinforcers. In this study, after 3 students diagnosed with autism acquired an omnibus mand ("My way, please") that yielded all identified reinforcers simultaneously, specifying mands (e.g., "All done," "May I have my toys?" "Play with me") were taught to yield each individual reinforcer (e.g., escape, tangibles, attention). Problem behavior was immediately eliminated for all children, and the omnibus mand was acquired quickly. Teaching an omnibus mand did not preclude acquisition of specifying mands for any learner and instead allowed for the acquisition of specifying mands once problem behavior had been effectively reduced.
A data-driven non-linear assimilation framework with neural networks

Complex dynamical systems are an integral part of predictive analysis that model diverse phenomena. As these models improve, they become more complex and depend on an increasing number of model or driver inputs. Uncertainty plagues these inputs (initial conditions, boundary conditions, key model parameters, signal noise, etc.), thereby introducing errors into the forecast of the model and significantly degrading its predictability. In this paper, we develop a new data-driven assimilation framework for non-linear dynamical systems. In particular, we develop assimilation methods by building powerful surrogates that emulate the evolution of the model observables of the dynamical system to efficiently perform assimilation on the reduced model. There are two distinct advantages of this approach: (1) we build a surrogate that captures the model uncertainty propagation, and (2) we use entirely data-driven techniques. We employ the Bayesian framework for data assimilation and use neural networks to learn the evolution operator of the observables. We demonstrate on a chaotic test case that (a) uncertainty in initial condition is accurately captured by the surrogate, and (b) the reduced-order model can be effectively used to get estimates of the posterior.
Exogenous EBL (24-Epibrassinolide) Alleviate Cold Damage in Strawberry

Low temperature constitutes one of the major threats in horticulture and is adversely affecting fruit production worldwide. Plant hormones, including 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL), may mitigate the malignant effects of cold stress on plants. We investigated the influences of EBL application on protein and proline content, lipid peroxidation and organic and phenolic acids of strawberry plant under cold stress. Two days before the chilling stress, three different EBL doses (1, 2 and 4 mM) were treated once (in August) to plant rhizoplane (above plant parts of soil) as solution except control. To perform chilling treatment, the plants were transferred to a cold storage from the greenhouse. Storage temperature decreased from 15 °C to 7 °C step by step and plants were hold 24 h at 7 °C. End of the study, 4 mM EBL decreased protein content in leaf and root, while it increased in stem. Among tissues of strawberry plant, higher accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in leaves, therefore it can be accepted that leaves are more vulnerable than stems and roots. Different EBL doses enhanced phenolic acids compared to control. The predominant phenolic acid was chlorogenic acid. EBL application increased organic acids except oxalic and malic acids compared to control. The main organic acid found in strawberry leaves exposed to cold stress in the current experiment was malic acid followed by citric and tartaric acids. Our results demonstrated that EBL alleviated the deleterious effects of cold stress in strawberry plant may be due to organic and phenolic acids and maintaining cell membrane integrity.
30-Day Outcomes for Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Patients With Anemia.

Background:While anemia has been associated with poor surgical outcomes in total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty, the effects of anemia on total ankle arthroplasty remain unknown. This...
Cognitive Dissonance: A Barrier to Effective Management

Cognitive dissonance is often a barrier to effective management because it can lead library managers to accept a distorted view of “reality” and thus make less effective decisions. This trait is em...
Microcrystalline Identification of Drugs of Abuse: The “White Cross Suite”

The microcrystallographic properties of the diliturate (5-nitrobarbituric acid) derivatives of the amine drugs found in the illicit street drug preparations known as “white crosses” have been determined. The crystallographic properties, such as the crystal morphology, the extinction angles, the sign of elongation, and front face refractive indices serve to identify the drugs found in the illicit preparations. These data can be used with ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopic and chromatographic evaluations as a major method for the identification of drugs of abuse.
PATIENT ENGAGEMENT IN DIGITAL HEALTHCARE

The American healthcare industry has been impacted by Information Technology (IT) digitization, making healthcare more accessible and affordable.Â This will not be successful unless patient engagement is encouraged to advance innovative digitized healthcare.Â Healthcare providers must work in partnership with the patients to ensure that the target is achieved. Digitally engaging patients does not rely on face-to-face meetings, but rather will allow for remote diagnoses and treatment recommendations.Â An Infosys study (2013) indicates that a high number of patients favor electronically sharing personal health information with their physicians and feel confident that their personal medical data will not be compromised.Â Many patients share personal medical information online and on mobile devices, and even use their mobile apps to communicate with physicians.Â Patient engagement occurs when they understand the benefits of services offered by the healthcare systems through marketing campaigns and promotional offers.Â Patients will be empowered once they are educated on the programs that allow them to manage their own healthcare, including patients who are not technologically savvy and are reluctant to use digitized healthcare systems.Â
Inhibition of Arginyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase Activity of Escherichia coli by Arginine Biosynthetic Precursors

The arginine biosynthetic precursors, ornithine, citrulline, and argininosuccinate, inhibit arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase (EC 6.1.1.13, arginine: soluble RNA ligase, adenosine monophosphate) activity in the in vitro attachment assay system. Ornithine is the most potent, argininosuccinate is next, and citrulline is least effective. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to arginyl-tRNA synthetase activity and the level of the arginine biosynthetic enzymes during conditions of restricted and unrestricted supply of arginine to cells.
Empiricism and After

Familiar versions of empiricism overemphasize and misconstrue the importance of perceptual experience. I discuss their main shortcomings and sketch an alternative framework for thinking about how human sensory systems contribute to scientific knowledge.
Collaborative compressive X-ray image reconstruction

The Poisson Factor Analysis (PFA) is applied to recover signals from a Poisson compressive sensing system. Motivated by the recently developed compressive X-ray imaging system, Coded Aperture Coherent Scatter Spectral Imaging (CACSSI) [1], we propose a new Bayesian reconstruction algorithm. The proposed Poisson-Gamma (PG) approach uses multiple measurements to refine our knowledge on both sensing matrix and background noise to overcome the uncertainties and inaccuracy of the hardware system. Therefore, a collaborative compressive X-ray image reconstruction algorithm is proposed under a Bayesian framework. Experimental results on real data show competitive performance in comparison with point estimation based methods.
Data Discrimination via Nonlinear Generalized Support Vector Machines

The main purpose of this paper is to show that new formulations of support vector machines can generate nonlinear separating surfaces which can discriminate between elements of a given set better than a linear surface. The principal approach used is that of generalized support vector machines (GSVMs) [21] which employ possibly indefinite kernels. The GSVM training procedure is carried out by either a simple successive overrelaxation (SOR) [22] iterative method or by linear programming. This novel combination of powerful support vector machines [28, 7] with the highly effective SOR computational algorithm [19, 20, 17], or with linear programming, allows us to use a nonlinear surface to discriminate between elements of a dataset that belong to one of two categories. Numerical results on a number of datasets show improved testing set correctness, by as much as a factor of two, when comparing the nonlinear GSVM surface to a linear separating surface.
Wavelets as a numerical tool

The stability of a plane, premixed, adiabatic flame is re-examined for finite activation energies. Preliminary results are given for one-dimensional disturbances. The full governing equations for an unsteady propagating flame are then solved using a novel numerical approach called WOFD, a waveleto-ptimized finite difference method. This method is briefly described here and preliminary results are reported. As a result of this work, we strongly recommend that new and old algorithms should be tested at activation energies of 40 and 60 and compared to the results presented here as a gauge to the accuracy of the numerical solution.
Cyclin A2 as a regulator of DNA strand stability (1047.6)

Cyclin A2 regulates replication origin firing during S-phase. It binds to Cdk1 and Cdk2 to direct phosphorylation of proteins for DNA synthesis. The goals of this study were to determine the role of Cyclin A2 in the prevention of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). We deleted Cyclin A2 in mouse neural stem cells (NSC) using a cre/lox approach. Cyclin A2-null NSC showed increased BrdU incorporation, as well as increased staining for the mitotic marker pH3. However, the growth rate in these Cyclin A2-null cells was slowed. To explain this discordance, we examined the DSB marker γH2AX. Cyclin A2-null NSC show increased levels of γH2AX as compared to Cyclin A2-preserved cells. When a DSB forms, the cell cycle is arrested until the break is repaired. Rad51, a marker of homologous recombination repair, and 53BP1, a marker of non-homologous end joining, both localized to the site of DSB in Cyclin A2-null cells. This indicates that Cyclin A2-null NSC can repair these breaks. Our results suggest that Cyclin A2 does no...
Evidence for intervalence band coherences in semiconductors via coherently coupled optical Stark shifts

Summary form only given. The optical Stark shift in semiconductors transient nonlinearity which helps to understand fundamental ultrafast microscopic processes. Studies of similarities and differences between optical Stark shifts in atomic two-level systems and those observed in semiconductors led to the understanding of semiconductor-specific many-body effects such as biexcitons and Coulomb memory effects. While the two-level analogies of Stark shifts in semiconductors have been successfully exploited, the question of what one can learn from a comparison of coherent atomic three-level effects with optical Stark shifts in semiconductors using the coherent coupling between heavy-hole (hh) and light-hole (lh) excitons has not been addressed so far. In atomic three-level systems, nonradiative or Raman coherences are the foundation of important nonlinear optical effects such as electromagnetically-induced transparency and lasing without inversion. We investigate these coherences in an InGaAs multiple quantum well utilizing coherently-coupled Stark shift measurements of the hh- and lh-exciton resonances.
The cloud is not enough: saving iot from the cloud

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new class of applications that can benefit from cloud infrastructure. However, the current approach of directly connecting smart devices to the cloud has a number of disadvantages and is unlikely to keep up with either the growing speed of the IoT or the diverse needs of IoT applications. In this paper we explore these disadvantages and argue that fundamental properties of the IoT prevent the current approach from scaling. What is missing is a well-architected system that extends the functionality of the cloud and provides seamless interplay among the heterogeneous components in the IoT space. We argue that raising the level of abstraction to a data-centric design-- focused around the distribution, preservation and protection of information--provides a much better match to the IoT. We present early work on such a distributed platform, called the Global Data Plane (GDP), and discuss how it addresses the problems with the cloud-centric architecture.
Fracaso del crecimiento: ¿cuándo se debe sospechar un error congénito del metabolismo?

El fracaso del crecimiento (FC) es un sintoma comun, no un diagnostico, de una amplia gama de enfermedades infantiles. Aunque suele estar causado por una ingestion dietetica de energia inadecuada o por un pequeno tamano constitucional, en algunos casos se puede considerar una patologia organica. Este articulo trata de guiar a los medicos de atencion primaria respecto al momento en que se debe sospechar un error congenito del metabolismo en los ninos que presentan un FC.
Action potentials reconsidered

Spikes. Exploring the Neural Code. FRED RIEKE, DAVID WARLAND, ROB DE RUYTER VAN STEVENINCK, and WILLIAM BIALEK. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996. xviii, 395 pp., illus. $45 or £38.50. ISBN 0-262-18174-6. Computational Neuroscience. A Bradford Book.
Industrial Applications Of Optical Signal Processing I

Optical technology has emerged as a viable solution to the growing demand to increase the throughput of high speed processors and computers. Although higher speed and denser integrated circuits are being developed, it appears that faster switching speeds in digital circuits will not provide an adequate solution to the bottleneck problem of computing systems for such tasks as real-time distortion-invariant pattern recognition and associative memory. Even supercomputers using new computing architectures and subnanosecond gate delays do not have sufficient speed for such real-time operations. Optical systems offer the advantages of inherent parallelism and high speed with superior interconnection capability, which allow for the processing of millions of simultaneous operations. The lack of electromagnetic interference in optics is ideally suited for neural network based proces-sors, which require a high degree of interconnectivity and global communications properties. Analog optical computers are particularly attractive for the processing of large stochastic data, while the more precise digital computers break down when confronted with such random problems. The immunity to electromagnetic interference can also be used advantageously in VLSI interconnections technology and board-to-board communications to reduce the pinout problem and to improve flexibility and performance. For these reasons, optical technology has become a major research and development effort at many industrial, government, and university laboratories both nationally and internationally.
Some Task-Related Determinants of Transfer in Perceptual Learning

The direction and amount of transfer of training in either observing, discriminating, or labeling random shapes to tasks of either discriminating, recognizing, identifying, or switch-pressing, was assessed. A factorial design was used for assignment of 184 Ss to the treatments, which included different levels of stimulus complexity as well as association value in addition to the main training conditions. The direction of the transfer was in all cases positive; the amount of transfer was dependent on the kind of relation between the training task and the criterion task. All three types of training transferred about equally to the discrimination and the recognition tasks. Differential transfer in favor of prior labeling practice occurred on the identification task but not on the switch-pressing task. The transfer was also partly dependent on the complexity and association value of the stimuli.
On the accuracy of solving triangular systems in parallel

In this paper we present a component-wise error analysis of two different algorithms — one sequential and the other parallel — for solving triangular systems. The results show that each of the computed components of the solution vector using the parallel algorithm is an extended sum of slightly perturbed exact terms whose relative error bounds are comparable to those generated by the usual sequential algorithm. Hence in a backward sense the parallel algorithms are equivalent to the usual sequential algorithm.
Atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectra of protonated timolol

Structural identification of drugs by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is interesting, important and challenging. In this study, atmospheric pressure ionization (API) MS/MS was applied to probe the structure of timolol, a typical β-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent (β-blocker). The characteristic MS/MS features of this drug were analyzed in detail. The results should be significant for other β-blockers with similar structures (namely, the OCH2 group sandwiched between the aromatic and ethanolamine groups). Furthermore, timolol is a multifunctional organic compound, containing amine, ether and alcohol functional groups. The API-MS/MS study is interesting from the point of view of the gas-phase chemistry of these groups in a multifunctional compound. The results revealed that under the collision-induced dissociation conditions used for the MS/MS study, protonated timolol undergoes heterolytic, charge-induced cleavages of the amine nitrogen–carbon and ether oxygen–carbon bonds. The mechanism of the cleavages was elucidated by comparing the tandem mass spectra of timolol with those of deuterated timolol. This comparison clearly indicated that ion–neutral complexes are intermediates in the cleavages. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpretation of Protein-Drug Interaction through Fraction Bound and Relative Contribution of Secondary Sites

Three mathematical procedures were devised which allowed for the interconversion and interpretation of protein—drug binding data in the literature. A minicomputer program enabled the calculation of the fraction of drug bound for a specified total drug and protein concentration, given the protein binding constants and the number of sites. The corollary problem of finding the total drug concentration for a particular fraction drug bound was included. In addition, the concept of partial fraction bound for binding systems with multiple classes of sites was introduced and a formula was derived which made possible the calculation of this value from the usual binding constants. Finally, an equation was derived which allowed the total drug concentration and the fraction bound to be obtained from the binding information for selected r values. These were obtained from the Scatchard plot and the associated binding constants. Examples of the utility of these procedures are supplied based on data for human serum albumin binding of four drugs of clinical interest. Evidence is given to show the prominence of the contribution by the secondary sites to the total binding at therapeutic levels of the drugs.
A farm level expert simulation system to aid farmers in selecting among crop insurance strategies

Abstract An expert simulation system (ESS) in aid U.S. farmers select crop insurance strategies is presented. The ESS, entitled CIRMAN, relies on stochastic simulation models to analyze the problem and formulates a series of rules to make recommendations. The following lexiographic hierarchy of rules is used to rank the strategy options: (1) risk efficiency; (2) probability of farm survival; (3) probability of economic success; (4) expected value of after-tax net present value of family withdrawals plus the change in net worth over the planning horizon; (5) average expected annual net-cash farm income; and (6) average expected value of ending net worth. CIRMAN presents a recommendation and explanations on why a strategy was recommended and how it compares to specified alternatives.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN A HORIZONTAL LAYER OF FLUID HEATED FROM BELOW

Abstract An experimental investigation was made of the temperature distribution and fluid flow in a horizontal layer of liquid heated from below. The experiments covered a range of Rayleigh numbers from 1.16 × 103 to 2.03 × 106. The upper surface of the liquid was, in some cases, open to the surroundings and, in other cases, in contact with a glass plate. Silicone fluids of viscosity 2, 50 and 1000 cSt were used. The flow patterns were observed by mixing a small quantity of aluminum dust with the fluids. The fluid flow in the laminar regime consisted of a combination of “rolls” and square planform cells. The measurements of temperature did not agree closely with theoretical predictions. In the transition regime the flow pattern was cellular. The temperature measurements were compared with theory and a considerable discrepancy was found. For high Rayleigh numbers the time mean temperature distribution close to the boundaries was inversely proportional to the cube root of the distance from the boundary. In one case (a high Prandtl-number fluid) there was an additional region close to the surface where the temperature was inversely proportional to the distance from the surface. The agreement with theory was quite good. The nature of the heat transport processes was also studied. The level of the r.m.s. temperature fluctuations was much less than the theoretical values.
Mobiles and migration: global data on immigrant population and mobile subscriptions

Expanding on recent findings on mobile phones as enablers of domestic labor mobility, this paper considers the relationship between immigrant population and mobile cellular subscriptions. Regression analysis shows that the immigrant proportion of a country's population significantly predicts mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people, controlling for GDP (p
Testing Conceptual Frameworks of Nonexperimental Program Evaluation Designs Using Structural Equation Modeling

A theory-driven approach to evaluation (TDE) emphasizes the development and empirical testing of conceptual models to understand the processes and mechanisms through which programs achieve their in...
Identifying process support requirements to facilitate distributed group work: A longitudinal study

Mobile technology research focuses on supporting the individual mobile worker. CCSW research has primarily focused on supporting distributed, but fixed‐site workers. This research bridges both research foci by expanding to include mobile, anytime, anyplace support. The VLab (Virtual laboratory) provides anytime, anyplace process support for mobile software development teams. A longitudinal evaluation of group interactions in multiple extant teams establishes a baseline that helps to identify process support requirements. This baseline can be used to judge the effect of introducing process support technology that addresses specific context variables in group interactions.
Geographical Variations in the Vertical Structure of Geopotential Height Fluctuations1

Abstract Temporal (but nonseasonal) fluctuations in the geopotential height field exhibit large regional contrasts in vertical structure, as manifested in the geographical distributions of the correlation between 1000 and 500 mb height, and the ratio of the amplitudes of the fluctuations at those levels. This geographical variability is investigated in order to ascertain its seasonal, frequency and zonal wavenumber dependence and its relation to other indicators of vertical structure: statistics involving the 1000–500 mb thickness, and the structure of the dominant mode in an eigenvector analysis expansion of geopotential height in the vertical. Results are based on operational analyses by the United States National Meteorological Center over a 15-year period. Particularly striking is the contrast between transient fluctuations over the eastern oceans, which exhibit a highly barotropic structure with strong vertical coherence in the geopotential height field and small temperature variability, and those ov...