cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatigue and Sleepiness in Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

Excessive sleepiness is a defining characteristic of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs) and is often the presenting complaint of individuals who are eventually diagnosed with such a disorder. Such sleepiness results primarily from a misalignment between the external environment and the propensity for sleep, but may also be exacerbated by chronically disrupted sleep and accumulating sleep debt. In the extrinsic types of CRSDs – shift work sleep disorder and jet lag sleep disorder – the reasons for excessive sleepiness are quite obvious, and both the sleepiness and treatment thereof have been relatively well investigated. For the intrinsic types of CRSDs – particularly, delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) and advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD) – sleepiness levels, timing, and treatment have not been as well characterized. Indeed, it is unknown whether those with ASPD and DSPD are sleepier than normal at times other than would be expected given the altered sleep timing in these disorders (i.e., evening hours in ASPD and morning hours in DSPD). Treatment approaches for excessive sleepiness in CRSDs are generally secondary to direct treatment of the circadian misalignment at the root of such sleepiness, although wakefulness-promoting agents have also been used effectively, particularly in those with shift work sleep disorder.
Kernel regression with order preferences

We propose a novel kernel regression algorithm which takes into account order preferences on unlabeled data. Such preferences have the form that point x1 has a larger target value than that of x2, although the target values for x1, x2 are unknown. The order preferences can be viewed as side information or a form of weak labels, and our algorithm can be related to semi-supervised learning. Learning consists of formulating the order preferences as additional regularization in a risk minimization framework. We define a linear program to effectively solve the optimization problem. Experiments on benchmark datasets, sentiment analysis, and housing price problems show that the proposed algorithm outperforms standard regression, even when the order preferences are noisy.
The Aspectual System of English Introductory Characterization

English offers a consistent, obligatory choice of viewpoints, although aspectual forms are not salient in the language. There is one perfective and two imperfective viewpoints; choice between them is obligatory in all tenses. The perfective viewpoint is available for the full range of situation types and is therefore the dominant viewpoint in the language. This viewpoint is distinctive among languages because its aspectual value varies with situation type. The English perfective presents events as closed and statives as open, according to the temporal schema associated with each. The progressive is the main imperfective viewpoint. It is available neutrally for non-stative sentences. There is also a rather limited resultative imperfective, which appears with verb constellations of the position and location classes. Viewpoint is indicated by the presence or absence of a verbal auxiliary.1
Oxidative addition of methylene chloride to Me-DuPhos complexes of palladium and rhodium

Abstract Oxidative addition of methylene chloride to Pd((R,R)-Me-DuPhos)(L) (1–3; L = P(t-Bu)3, PCy3, or trans-stilbene) gave Pd((R,R)-Me-DuPhos)(CH2Cl)(Cl) (4). Treatment of [Rh(COD)(Cl)]2 with (R,R)-Me-DuPhos at low temperature in THF or CH2Cl2 afforded [Rh((R,R)-Me-DuPhos)(Cl)]2 (5). At room temperature, these reactions also gave the byproduct [Rh((R,R)-Me-DuPhos)2][Cl], which was prepared independently as the BF4 salt 6. When 5 was generated in CH2Cl2, oxidative addition of both C Cl bonds yielded the bridging carbene complex (Rh((R,R)-Me-DuPhos)(Cl))2(µ-Cl)2(µ-CH2) (8). Both 6 and 8 were crystallographically characterized.
Performance, Histology, and Meat Quality of Coccidiosis-Challenged Broilers Fed Essential Oils

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Ralco’s Microfused Essential Oils (MEO) on growth, jejunal histology, and meat quality of coccidiosis-challenged broilers. Day old broilers (n = 768; 64 pens; 12 broilers/pen) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments fed in 4 phases: starter (d0–16), grower (d17–27), finisher (d28–34), and withdrawal (d35–41). Diets were a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON), CON+BMD50/Coban90 at 55/121, 250/550, 250/495 and 0 mg/kg (ANTI), CON+MEO at 375, 250, 125, and 100 mg/kg (MEOD), CON+MEO at constant 500 mg/kg (MEO500), and CON+MEO at constant 250 mg/kg (MEO250). Broilers were offered a 10X dose of a coccidiosis vaccine on d 3, 15, 22, and 29. On d 14, jejunal histology was measured. Two broilers per pen were harvested on d 41 and breast pH was measured. Rancidity compounds (TBARS) were measured on whole breasts at d 7 postmortem and ground thighs on d 0, 3, 5, and 7 postmortem. Overall, MEO250-fed broilers had a tendency for greater gain over CON-fed (63.6 vs. 61.3 ± 0.87 g; P 0.05). There were differences in L*, a*, and b* color values of breasts and there was an interaction for color values of thighs. ANTI, MEO500, and MEO250 had decreased TBARS values for thighs compared to CON at d 7 postmortem (P ≤ 0.05). Overall, growth performance of MEO250 was not different than ANTI during peak challenge (P > 0.05). MEO250 could improve growth performance and meat quality when broilers are subjected to a coccidiosis disease challenge.
A Framework for Exploring the Degree of Hybridity in Entrepreneurship

In this paper, we problematize the growing literature on hybrid organizing to demonstrate that research on hybrids and entrepreneurship can benefit from considering the degree of hybridity in organ...
Thinking Too Classically: Research Topics in Human-Quantum Computer Interaction

Quantum computing is a fundamentally different way of performing computation than classical computing. Many problems that are considered hard for classical computers may have efficient solutions using quantum computers. Recently, technology companies including IBM, Microsoft, and Google have invested in developing both quantum computing hardware and software to explore the potential of quantum computing. Because of the radical shift in computing paradigms that quantum represents, we see an opportunity to study the unique needs people have when interacting with quantum systems, what we call Quantum HCI (QHCI). Based on interviews with experts in quantum computing, we identify four areas in which HCI researchers can contribute to the field of quantum computing. These areas include understanding current and future quantum users, tools for programming and debugging quantum algorithms, visualizations of quantum states, and educational materials to train the first generation of "quantum native" programmers.
High-Performance Integrated Photonics in Thin Film Lithium Niobate Platform

We present integrated photonics devices in thin film LN on insulator. The Q- factor of microrings is currently limited by the cavity loss and must be reduced by two orders of magnitude to hit 1,000,000 target. © 2019 The Author(s)
I leaked, then I Reddit: experiences and insight shared on urinary incontinence by Reddit users.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a highly prevalent condition, but is often not discussed owing to social stigma. Reddit is an internet platform for anonymous information sharing, expression, and discussion. We sought to qualitatively analyze people’s behavioral, psychological, and illness experiences with UI expressed on Reddit to improve our understanding of patients’ perceptions and ultimately the care we provide. We used the Subreddit group “Incontinence” over 5 years and “BeyondtheBump” (postpartum forum) over 1 year as transcripts for qualitative analysis. Two independent researchers read and coded relevant threads (>100 posts and >400 comments). Charmaz’s principles of grounded theory were applied. This included line-by-line coding of transcripts utilizing key phrases followed by grouping similarly coded phrases into preliminary themes. Emergent concepts were derived from these themes. A group of Reddit users with diverse UI etiologies were sampled. Qualitative analysis resulted in six preliminary themes. Users with UI were initially self-aware of their incontinence. They were interested in optimal product use. Users struggled with major life adjustments and relating to others. Nonetheless, they learned gradually to cope with their symptoms. Last, postpartum women specifically wanted additional immediate help for managing UI, often in the form of pelvic physiotherapy. Three emergent concepts were formed: the sense of isolation, acceptance over time, and self-drive to manage their UI. Internet forums such as Reddit may serve as a health resource for people with UI. Physicians can strive to better understand the patient perspective and their needs in order to provide optimal care.
Vaccination of Adults in General Medical Practice.

Abstract In vaccinating adults, clinicians face 2 types of challenges: (1) staying current on recommendations for influenza, pneumococcal, hepatitis A and B, zoster, and other vaccines and (2) addressing systemic barriers to implementing practices that increase vaccination rates. Although adult immunization rates remain suboptimal, there has been much good news in adult vaccination recently. New high-dose and adjuvanted influenza vaccines help improve immune response and may reduce influenza complications in older adults. The new recombinant zoster vaccine offers significantly more efficacy against zoster outbreaks and postherpetic neuralgia than zoster vaccine live. Pertussis vaccine given during the third trimester of pregnancy may prevent between 50% and 90% of pertussis infections in infants. Shorter time for completion (1 vs 6 months) of new, adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine may increase adherence. Clinicians can address systemic barriers to increasing vaccination rates in their clinics and health care systems by following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Standards for Adult Immunization Practice. Clinicians can help increase vaccination rates by writing standing orders and by advocating for nurses or medical assistants to receive training and protected time for assessing and documenting vaccination histories and administration. Strong recommendations that presume acceptance of vaccination are effective with most patients. Communication techniques similar to motivational interviewing can help with vaccine-hesitant patients. Clinicians, as experts on providing preventive services, can educate community leaders about the benefits of immunization and can inform vaccine experts about challenges of implementing vaccination recommendations in clinical practice and strategies that can work to raise vaccination rates.
Analyzing Molecular Basis of Heat-Induced Loss-of-Wheat Resistance to Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Infestation Using RNA-Sequencing

Heat stress compromises wheat resistance to Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor (Say)) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation. The objective of this research is to analyze the molecular basis of heat-induced loss of wheat resistance to HF infestation using RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq). To this end, two resistant wheat cultivars 'Molly' and 'Caldwell' containing the resistance genes H13 and H6, respectively, were infested with an avirulent HF biotype GP and treated with different temperatures to examine the impact of heat stress on their resistance phenotypes. Tissue samples collected from HF feeding sites in Molly plants were subjected to RNA-seq analysis to determine the effect of heat stress on transcript expression of genes in wheat plants. Our results indicate that resistance to HF infestation in Caldwell is more sensitive to heat stress than that in Molly, and that heat stress down-regulates most genes involved in primary metabolism and biosynthesis of lignin and cuticular wax, but up-regulate most or all genes involved in auxin and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) signaling pathways. Our results and previous reports suggest that heat stress may impair the processes in wheat plants that produce and mobilize chemical resources needed for synthesizing defensive compounds, weaken cell wall and cuticle defense, decrease OPDA signaling, but increase auxin signaling, leading to the suppressed resistance and activation of susceptibility.
The fundamental solution to $$\Box _b$$ □ b on quadric manifolds: part 2. $$L^p$$ L p regularity and invariant normal forms

This paper is the second of a multi-part series in which we explore geometric and analytic properties of the Kohn–Laplacian and its inverse on general quadric submanifolds of $${\mathbb{C}}^n\times {\mathbb{C}}^m$$ . We have two goals in this paper. The first is to give useable sufficient conditions for a map T between quadrics to be a Lie group isomorphism that preserves $$\Box _b$$ , and the second is to establish a framework for which appropriate derivatives of the complex Green operator are continuous in $$L^p$$ and $$L^p$$ -Sobolev spaces (and hence are hypoelliptic). We apply the general results to codimension two quadrics in $${\mathbb{C}}^4$$ .
Hebrew Fascism in Palestine, 1922-1942: by Dan Tamir, Cham, CH, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, ix, 210 pp., $99.99 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-3-319-73678-5

In a piece for Haaretz (7/20/2019) provocatively titled, “When Jews Praised Mussolini and Supported Nazis: Meet Israel’s First Fascists,” Dan Tamir warns that “some worrying components of Hebrew fa...
Accuracy of Measuring Bladder Volumes With Ultrasound and Bladder Scanning.

Background Removal of urinary catheters depends on accurate noninvasive measurements of bladder volume. Patients with acute kidney injury often have low bladder volumes/ascites, possibly causing measurement inaccuracy. Objective To evaluate the accuracy of bladder volumes measured with bladder scanning and 2-dimensional ultrasound (US) compared with urinary catheterization among different types of clinicians. Methods Prospective correlational descriptive study of 73 adult critical care patients with low urine output receiving hemodialysis or unable to void. Bladder volumes were independently measured by (1) a physician and an advanced practice registered nurse using US, (2) an advanced practice registered nurse and a bedside nurse using bladder scanning, and (3) urinary catheterization (cath). Bland-Altman and χ2 analyses were conducted. Results Mean (SD) cath volume was 171.7 (269.7) mL (range, 0-1100 mL). Abdominal fluid was observed in 28% of patients. Bias was -1.3 mL for US vs cath and 3.3 mL for bladder scanning vs cath. For patients with abdominal fluid and cath volume less than 150 mL, decisions to not catheterize patients were accurate more often when based on US measurements (97%-100%) than when based on bladder scanning measurements (86%-89%; P = .02). In patients with cath volume of 300 mL or more, decisions to catheterize patients were accurate more often when based on bladder scanning measurements (94%-100%) than when based on horizontal US measurements (50%-56%; P = .001). Conclusions Bladder volume can be measured accurately with bladder scanning or US, but abdominal fluid remains a confounding factor limiting accuracy of bladder scanning.
Genetic Evidence That a Gut Commensal Bacterium Can Cause Colorectal Cancer.

SUMMARY Our gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microbes. There is growing recognition that commensal bacteria can promote the development of colorectal adenomas and cancer. For example, bacterial plaques are strongly associated with adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis (Science 2018;359:592-597), and fusobacterium is associated with colorectal cancer liver metastasis.(Science 2017;358:1443-1448)
The Origins of the New York Stock Exchange, 1791-1860

A small number of early 19th-century New York stockbrokers built, from scratch, an organization that by the end of the century would be one of the most powerful nongovernmental bodies in the world. The origin and the early growth of the New York Stock and Exchange Board can be attributed in large part to the brokers' success in regulating themselves, success which enabled them to create wealth and to capture wealth from nonmembers. The value of the Stock and Exchange Board's regulatory function was enhanced by the unenforceability in the New York courts of an important class of transactions. In its earliest decades, the Board was the only institution capable of regulating, and resolving disputes arising from, a wide range of market activity.
Ionized Calcium Binding Adaptor Molecule 1 (IBA1): A Novel, Highly Sensitive, and Specific Marker for Histiocytic, Dendritic, and Monocytic Neoplasms

Objectives Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1), a marker of microglia/macrophages, has not been investigated in human hematopathologic contexts. We evaluated its expression in mature and immature neoplasms of monocytic/histiocytic and dendritic cell (DC) origin. Methods Immunohistochemistry for IBA1, CD14, CD68, and CD163 was performed on a total of 114 cases, including a spectrum of monocytic/histiocytic and DC neoplasms (20 tissue based and 59 bone marrow based) and several nonhistiocytic/monocytic/DC neoplasms as control groups (15 tissue based and 20 bone marrow based). Results IBA1 expression was observed in all types of mature tissue-based histiocytic/DC neoplasms (20/20) but not in the corresponding control group (0/15). In bone marrow-based cases, IBA1 was expressed in most acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with monocytic differentiation (48/53), both blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms (2/2), and all chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (4/4), while it was positive in only one nonmonocytic AML (1/15) and none of the acute lymphoblastic leukemias (0/5). Collectively, IBA1 showed much higher sensitivity and specificity (93.7%, 97.1%) compared with CD14 (65.4%, 88.2%), CD68 (74.4%, 74.2%), and CD163 (52.6%, 90.6%). Conclusions IBA1 is a novel, highly sensitive, and specific marker for diagnosing neoplasms of monocytic/histiocytic and DC origin.
Local anesthetic systemic toxicity in children: a review of recent case reports and current literature

Background Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) in children occurs at an estimated rate of 8 per 100 000 blocks (95% CI 0.3 to 1.6). Due to the potential lethality of this iatrogenic complication, a better clarity of risk factors, clinical presentation, and prognosis may be clinically useful for contemporary treatment and prevention. Methods An extensive literature search and detailed analysis of reported cases of LAST in patients less than 18 years of age published between April 2014 and August 2019 was performed. Clinical patterns were summarized. Results Thirty-two cases of LAST were described in 17 published articles and 2 additional cases reported to lipidrescue.org, for a total of 34 cases. Three patients did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thirty-one cases were included in the analysis. Discussion Infants represented a disproportionately large number of reports of LAST. The majority of local anesthetic doses were within currently published guidelines. Among the reported cases, penile and caudal blocks were the most commonly associated with LAST. Needle aspiration and test dosing with epinephrine failed to predict LAST with certainty. When LAST presented with severe cardiac compromise, intravenous lipid emulsion was given within 10 min in 43% of cases (13 of 30 reported cases). The vast majority of children were under general anesthesia when local anesthetic medications were administered. In children under general anesthesia, LAST presented with cardiac manifestations in 90% of cases (19 of 21 cases). There were no deaths or long-term morbidity reported.
Symptomatic cryoglobulinemia

• Treatment of symptomatic cryoglobulinemia is exceedingly challenging due to the multisystemic nature of its presentation, the variability of its course, and the paucity of effective therapeutic options supported by randomized controlled clinical trials. • Patients with mild, relatively asymptomatic disease should be observed without introduction of systemic therapy. • Patients with symptomatic type I secondary cryoglobulinemia should be treated as appropriate for their underlying lymphoproliferative or plasmaproliferative disorder. • Patients with secondary type II or type III cryoglobulinemia should be treated for their underlying connective tissue, lymphoproliferative, or liver disorder or infection. • First line treatment for symptomatic, essential type II or type III cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C should include interferon (IFN)-a. Depending on the severity of clinical presentation, adjuvant corticosteroids or plasmapheresis should be considered. • Life-threatening or acute organ-threatening presentations should be managed with combined modality therapy, which should include high-dose corticosteroid, plasmapheresis, or alkylator-based therapy. • Many chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive strategies have been tried but not systematically tested; their value is therefore unknown. • Challenges for the future of treating symptomatic cryoglobulinemia include devising better therapies and more systematic evaluation of existing therapies.
Are the Iowa Caucuses Dead

The nation’s long standing first contest faced unprecedented scrutiny following tabulation problems and a long delay in the reporting of its results. This occurred on top of existing questions about the demographic disjuncture between Iowa and New Hampshire compared to the rest of the country. Following the 2020 election, more ethnically diverse states, such as Nevada, began making their argument to move atop the primary calendar. This chapter examines the likelihood Iowa loses its first-in-the-nation status.
Evolution of the structure and chemical composition of the interface between multi-component silicate glasses and yttria-stabilized zirconia after 40,000-hour exposure in air at 800°C

Abstract The chemical and structural stability of two commercial multicomponent silicate glasses (SCN and G6) in contact with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was investigated after exposure times of up to 40,000 hours in air at 800 °C. With exposure time, interfacial layers develop at the SCN-YSZ and G6-YSZ interfaces, which were characterized in detail using both quantitative chemical analysis and atomic-resolution imaging. At the SCN-YSZ interface, a Ca-Ba-Si-O reaction phase was found to grow by diffusion control. In G6-YSZ, Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy revealed a disorganized interfacial reaction later between G6 and YSZ, and the occurrence of cubic to tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformations in YSZ. This microstructural evolution is discussed in terms of devitrification resistance of glass and diffusion processes at interfaces.
Review of William L. Rowe on Philosophy of Religion: Selected Writings, edited by Nick Trakakis : Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7546-555-9, Hb, 462 pp. ()

‘William L. Rowe on Philosophy of Religion’ edited by Nick Trakakis, collects 30 papers of William Rowe's important work in the philosophy of religion. I review this collection, and offer an objection of one of Rowe's arguments.
Real-time, noninvasive in vivo assessment of adeno-associated virus-mediated retinal transduction.

Purpose. To evaluate the efficiency, cell specificity, stability, and toxicity of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated retinal transduction in vivo in the adult immunocompetent mouse. To assess the usefulness of green fluorescent protein (GFP) for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of retinal transgene expression in vivo. Methods. Assessment of ocular GFP expression was performed in cohorts of mice for 11 weeks after subretinal injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying the complementary DNA (cDNA) for GFP. Examinations were performed in vivo by direct observation of fluorescence by ophthalmoscopy, using excitation-barrier filters. Histologic analyses of retinal tissue were used to identify transduced cells and to assess inflammation. Results. Retinal GFP expression can be monitored in vivo using real-time, noninvasive imaging. Recombinant AAV efficiently transduces a variety of cells of the neural retina and of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Transgene expression was not observed until 1 week after infection. The number of GFP-expressing cells increased over 3 weeks, and expressing photoreceptors and RPE cells persisted at least through 11 weeks (the termination of the experiment). There was no clinical or histologic evidence of inflammatory response. Conclusions. Retinal gene transfer mediated by rAAV is stable and efficient and is associated with no clinically or histologically detectable toxicity or immune reaction. Green fluorescent protein allows noninvasive assessment of the extent and location of retinal transgene expression as a function of time and promises to be useful alone and as a tag for other transgenes delivered experimentally or therapeutically to the retina.
Is the median voter a clear-cut winner?: Comparing the median voter theory and competing theories in explaining local government spending

This paper attempts to test the power of the median model against the respective strength of other alternate models based on redistributive, political-institutional and interest group theories in explaining the demand for public spending in New York state counties during 1990, 1980 and 1970. To execute the comparison of the performance of median voter model with that of each of the nonmedian voter ones, various nonnested tests such as J and JA tests, N-tilde, W and encompassing tests have been employed. Results of the study show that although the median voter model has a marginal edge over the rival models based on the altern- ative theories, it may not be relied upon solely when many other institutional, redistributive and interest group factors are also relevant for explaining public spending. The results of this study differ from those in Congleton and Bennett (1995). We do not find that interest group models are substantially weaker than the median voter model.
The Potential of a Chemical Graph Transformation System

Chemical reactions can be represented as graph transformations. Fundamental concepts that relate organic chemistry to graph rewriting, and an introduction to the SMILES chemical graph specification language are presented. The utility of both deduction and unordered finite rewriting over chemical graphs and chemical graph transformations, is suggested. The authors hope that this paper will provide inspiration for researchers involved in graph transformation who might be interested in chemoinformatic applications.
Yonetani-Theorell analysis of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I inhibition indicates two distinct inhibitory binding sites

Analysis of inhibitor studies indicates that carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I has two separate sites for inhibitor binding. One site is located on the cytoplasmic side of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Malonyl-CoA, the most important physiological inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I, binds primarily to this site, but it can also bind to another site. A second inhibitory site is located at the active site of carnitine palmitolytransferase-I. Coenzyme A, a product/inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I binds primarily at this site and can inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I at physiological concentrations, but can also attenuate malonyl-CoA inhibition. Analogs of malonyl-CoA and other simpler compounds containing two carbonyl groups but no coenzyme A moiety inhibit only at the cytoplasmic site, indicating that this site has an absolute requirement for two carbonyl groups but has no absolute requirement for a coenzyme A moiety. Inhibitors acting through the active site included the active-site-directed inhibitor (+)-hemipalmitoylcarnitinium. These studies support the existence of two regulatory binding sites for the control of hepatic fatty acid oxidation: (a) the active site, for regulation by the inhibitory binding of coenzyme A and acetyl-CoA, and (b) a separate regulatory malonyl-CoA-binding site that is physical separated from the active site.
Modeling GA performance for control parameter optimization

The optimization of the control parameters of genetic algorithms is often a time consuming and tedious task. In this work we take the meta-level genetic algorithm approach to control parameter optimization. We enhance this process by incorporating a neural network for fitness evaluation. This neural network is trained to learn the complex interactions of the genetic algorithm control parameters and is used to predict the performance of the genetic algorithm relative to values of these control parameters. To validate our approach we describe a genetic algorithm for the largest common subgraph problem that we develop using this neural network enhanced meta-level genetic algorithm. The resulting genetic algorithm significantly outperforms a hand-tuned variant and is shown to be competitive with a hill-climbing algorithm used in practical applications.
Statistical Study of Enhanced Ion Fluxes in the Outer Plasmasphere

DE-1 measurements of ion outflows at E = 5 eV to 32 keV in the Northern Hemisphere outer plasmasphere are compiled in graphs and investigated statistically. The data comprise 40 dayside (6:00-12:00 magnetic local time) and 50 nightside (18:00-23:00) passages at magnetic activities Kp = 0-7 and include six magnetic storms and recoveries as well as quiet periods. Features noted include enhanced number fluxes during periods of increased magnetic activity, upward dayside and downward nightside flows, peak net H(+) fluxes greater than 10 to the 8th/sq cm sec, and greater field-aligned flows (but at lower ion temperatures) in the outer plasmasphere than in the plasma trough.
Divided We Stand: Constitutionalizing Executive Immigration Reform Through Subfederal Regulation

The narrative is by now familiar: Faced with congressional deadlock and a “Federal Government that does not want to enforce the immigration laws,” states have taken up the reins of immigration regulation. Yet, state action tells only half the story behind our current immigration landscape. In the past decade, while states busily legislated, President Barack Obama muscularly deployed executive power to reorient national immigration policy by implementing Deferred Action of Childhood Arrivals (DACA). While the constitutionality of Obamian immigration reform has garnered considerable scholarly interest, less attention has been paid its human implications. For DACA beneficiaries and their allies, erudite curiosity about DACA’s doctrinal standing is crucial only insofar as it sheds light on the fate of millions of noncitizens who have come to rely on DACA for their dignity, livelihood, future, and freedom. Accordingly, this Note assesses the likelihood that noncitizen DACA beneficiaries will continue to enjoy the benefits and entitlements of deferred action after the Obama Administration cedes power. It argues that Obama’s deferred-action strategy has whittled a vital entree for states into the world of immigration policy such that state power must be considered in assessing the durability and constitutionality of DACA and its attendant benefits and presents a strategy for incorporating state power into traditional analyses of presidential power.Part I opens with a brief history of immigration federalism. Part I.A.1 traces fluctuations in state and federal immigration power from the preconstitutional era to the present and problematizes the myth of federal exclusivity. Part I.A.2 describes the momentous shift in constitutional immigration power to the subfederal level that has taken place during the Obama administration. Part II argues that a return to subfederal immigration reform is preferable to renewed federal dominance and possible under the Supreme Court’s most recent immigration jurisprudence and reveals ways in which integrationist states can use their newfound power to entrench policies such as DACA. Part III locates Obamian immigration reform, and deferred action in particular, within the traditional Youngstown framework, incorporating federalist principles into the Youngstown schema as a means of weighing state power in the constitutional balance. Ultimately, this Note argues that subfederal political support, if carefully cultivated and deftly maneuvered, can succeed in ratifying Obamian immigration reform, both within the Youngstown framework and as a matter of popular constitutionalism.
Development and preliminary evaluation of the anxiety in cognitive impairment and dementia (ACID) scales.

Background: Although rates of anxiety tend to decrease across late life, rates of anxiety increase among a subset of older adults, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Our understanding of anxiety in dementia is limited, in part, by a lack of anxiety measures designed for use with this population. This study sought to address limitations of the literature by developing a new measure of anxiety for cognitively impaired individuals, the anxiety in cognitive impairment and dementia (ACID) Scales, which includes both proxy (ACID-PR) and self-report (ACID-SR) versions. Methods: The ACID-SR and ACID-PR were administered to 45 residents, aged 60 years and older, of three long-term care (LTC) facilities, and 38 professional caregivers at these facilities. Other measures of anxiety, and measures of depression, functional ability, cognition, and general physical and mental health were also administered. Results: Initial evaluation of its psychometric properties revealed adequate to good internal consistency for the ACID-PR and ACID-SR. Evidence for convergent validity of measures obtained with the ACID-SR and ACID-PR was demonstrated by moderate-to-strong associations with measures of worry, depressive symptoms, and general mental health. Discriminant validity of measures obtained with the ACID-SR and ACID-PR was demonstrated by weak correlations with measures of cognition, functional ability, and general physical well-being. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest that the ACID-SR and ACID-PR can obtain reliable and valid measures of anxiety among individuals with cognitive impairment. Given the subjective nature of anxiety, it may be prudent to collect self-report of anxiety symptoms even among those with moderate cognitive impairment.
Changes in Regional Hydroclimatology and Water Resources on Seasonal to Interannual and Decade‐to‐Century Timescales

Precipitation, runoff, snowpack, and other elements of the hydrologic cycle respond to climate change on many different timescales. Responses are typically regional rather than local and are linked to large-scale features of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Changes in regional hydroclimatology are important to water resources in most parts of the world, but especially in arid and semiarid regions that are often plagued by chronic shortfalls of water. Instrumental records of precipitation and streamflow indicate that changes on decadal-and-longer timescales have been large enough to be of practical importance, and paleoclimatic records suggest that even larger changes have occurred over the past few centuries. Tree-ring records are perhaps the most useful of the paleoclimatic resources for extracting hydroclimatic estimates with annual resolution. Paleolimnological data has also figured prominently in pointing out possible large changes in regional hydroclimatology prior to the start of the tree-ring record. In North America, multiple types of proxy records suggest low-frequency variance in runoff may have been amplified about 500 years ago, with associated multidecadal periods of drought and wetness. Keywords: drought; water supply; tree rings; dendrohydrology; dendroclimatology
Leadership roles and transformative duties – preliminary research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present empirical evidence about the roles of leaders and how those roles mesh with transformative leadership as a new theory of ethical stewardship. Design/methodology/approach – Statistical methods are implemented to test the associations between specific leadership roles and six transformative leadership perspectives. Data are collected from Likert-type responses from a survey of 399 faculty, staff, and students of a Catholic University in South Florida. Findings – Analysis results indicate that there are significantly positive associations between six leadership perspectives of transformative leadership and the five roles of leadership in the Kouzes and Posner (2012) model. Originality/value – This paper contributes to empirically transformative leadership, a new theory that incorporates six highly regarded leadership perspectives. It provides a framework for understanding the ethical duties of leaders and affirms the importance of those duties as they correla...
A simple scheme for self-focusing of an array

A self-focusing technique and its application to a linear array system are presented in this paper. By application of the technique the system is capable of both sonification and reception focusing. The array is first excited as an unfocused array. Next a cross-correlation technique is used to determine time delays of reception of the largest amplitude backscattered signals at the elements of the array. The original transducer signal is then reemitted with the appropriate time delays to achieve sonification focusing on the scatterer producing the largest signal. This process is repeated in an iterative mode to focus energy on the strongest scatterer. Once insonification focusing has been achieved the last time-delay calculations are used once more for reception focusing, i.e., to correct the signals received by the individual elements for differences in arrival times. A low cost linear array has been constructed to implement the self-focusing technique. Examples demonstrate the capability of the technique to focus on the largest hole of sets of three holes in an aluminum specimen.
Development and evaluation of equations in the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System to predict nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows

Nitrogen excretion is of particular concern on dairy farms, not only because of its effects on water quality, but also because of the subsequent release of gases such as ammonia to the atmosphere. To manage N excretion, accurate estimates of urinary N (UN) and fecal N (FN) are needed. On commercial farms, directly measuring UN and FN is impractical, meaning that quantification must be based on predictions rather than measured data. The purpose of this study was to use a statistical approach to develop equations and evaluate the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System's (CNCPS) ability to predict N excretion in lactating dairy cows, and to compare CNCPS predictions to other equations in the literature. Urinary N was over-predicted by the CNCPS due to inconsistencies in N accounting within the model that partitioned more N to feces than urine, although predicted total N excretion was reasonable. Data to refine model predictions were compiled from published studies (n=32) that reported total collection N balance results. Considerable care was taken to ensure the data included in the development data set (n=104) accounted for >90% of the N intake (NI). Unaccounted N for the compiled data set was 1.47±4.60% (mean ± SD). The results showed that FN predictions could be improved by using a modification of a previously published equation: FN (g/d) = [[NI (g/kg of organic matter) × (1 - 0.842)] + 4.3 × organic matter intake (kg/d)] × 1.20, which, when evaluated against the compiled N balance data, had a squared coefficient of determination based on a mean study effect R(MP)(2) of 0.73, concurrent correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.83 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 10.38 g/d. Urinary N is calculated in the CNCPS as the difference between NI and other N excretion and losses. Incorporating the more accurate FN prediction into the current CNCPS framework and correcting an internal calculation error considerably improved UN predictions (RMSE=12.73 g/d, R(MP)(2)=0.86, CCC=0.90). The changes to FN and UN translated into an improved prediction of total manure N excretion (RMSE=12.42 g/d, R(MP)(2)=0.96, CCC=0.97) and allows nutritionists and farm advisors to evaluate these factors during the ration formulation process.
A structural equation analysis of family accommodation in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Family accommodation of symptoms is counter to the primary goals of cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and can pose an obstacle to positive treatment outcomes. Although increased attention has been given to family accommodation in pediatric OCD, relatively little is known about associated child and parent characteristics, and their mediating/moderating effects. This study examined a structural equation model of parent and child variables related to parent reports of family accommodation. Sixty-one children with OCD (ages 6–17 years, 39% female) and their parents were recruited from a university-based clinic. They were administered clinician- and parent-rated measures of child OCD symptom severity, OCD-specific impairment, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems as well as parent anxiety, depression, empathy, consideration of future consequences, and accommodation. Results generally supported the hypothesized model. Family accommodation mediated the relationship between OCD symptom severity and parent-rated functional impairment; child internalizing problems mediated the relationship between parent anxiety and family accommodation; and parent empathy and consideration of future consequences interacted to predict family accommodation. Child externalizing problems were significantly associated with family accommodation but neither of these two variables was associated with parent depression. Findings suggest that reductions in family accommodation might be maximized by routinely screening for comorbid psychopathology in children with OCD and their parents, and using prescriptive or modular approaches to intervention. Directions for future research are discussed.
Splenocaval shunt for selective portal decompression.

Splenocaval shunt is an option for selective portal decompression in patients who are not good anatomic candidates for distal splenorenal shunts because of massive hepatosplenomegaly and downward displacement of the splenic vein. The proximity of the splenic vein to the inferior vena cava makes the construction of this type of shunt anatomically and hemodynamically advantageous over the standard Warren shunt in these cases.
Spatial correspondence of 4D CT ventilation and SPECT pulmonary perfusion defects in patients with malignant airway stenosis

To determine the spatial overlap agreement between four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) ventilation and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion hypo-functioning pulmonary defect regions in a patient population with malignant airway stenosis. Treatment planning 4D CT images were obtained retrospectively for ten lung cancer patients with radiographically demonstrated airway obstruction due to gross tumor volume. Each patient also received a SPECT perfusion study within one week of the planning 4D CT, and prior to the initiation of treatment. Deformable image registration was used to map corresponding lung tissue elements between the extreme component phase images, from which quantitative three-dimensional (3D) images representing the local pulmonary specific ventilation were constructed. Semi-automated segmentation of the percentile perfusion distribution was performed to identify regional defects distal to the known obstructing lesion. Semi-automated segmentation was similarly performed by multiple observers to delineate corresponding defect regions depicted on 4D CT ventilation. Normalized Dice similarity coefficient (NDSC) indices were determined for each observer between SPECT perfusion and 4D CT ventilation defect regions to assess spatial overlap agreement. Tidal volumes determined from 4D CT ventilation were evaluated versus measurements obtained from lung parenchyma segmentation. Linear regression resulted in a linear fit with slope = 1.01 (R² = 0.99). Respective values for the average DSC, NDSC(1 mm) and NDSC(2 mm) for all cases and multiple observers were 0.78, 0.88 and 0.99, indicating that, on average, spatial overlap agreement between ventilation and perfusion defect regions was comparable to the threshold for agreement within 1-2 mm uncertainty. Corresponding coefficients of variation for all metrics were similarly in the range: 0.10%-19%. This study is the first to quantitatively assess 3D spatial overlap agreement between clinically acquired SPECT perfusion and specific ventilation from 4D CT. Results suggest high correlation between methods within the sub-population of lung cancer patients with malignant airway stenosis.
Induction and Synchronous Motors Compared for System Stability

A comparison is made between synchronous motors and induction motors with regard to industrial power system stability. Representation of motor loads in stability studies is reviewed. The specific system studied is an infinite bus supplying a combination induction and synchronous motor load through a transmission line and transformer. The system is subjected to a fault at the transformer and critical values of fault clearing time are computer calculated for ratios of synchronous motor load to induction motor load from zero to unity. The effect of variation of motor parameters on clearing times is discussed.
Foreign Aid and Revenue: Still a Crowding Out Effect?

This paper reexamines the relationship between aid and domestic tax revenues using a more recent and comprehensive dataset covering 118 countries for the period 1980 - 2009. Overall, our results support earlier findings of a negative association between net Official Development Assistance (ODA) and domestic tax revenues, but this relationship appears to have weakened in reflection of greater efforts at mobilizing domestic revenues in many countries. The composition of net ODA matters: ODA grants are associated with lower revenues, while ODA loans are not. The paper further finds that net ODA and grants are negatively associated with VAT, excise and income tax revenues, but have a positive relationship with trade taxes. Aid has a particularly strong negative effect on domestic tax revenues in low-income countries and in countries with relatively weak institutions.
The decay of 110mAg: Gamma-ray energy and intensity standardization

Abstract The energies and intensities of the transitions from the decay of 110mAg have been carefully measured with three different systems which use Ge(Li) detectors. The following energies in keV and intensities in parentheses were determined for standards: 446.77 ± 0.04 (3.5 ± 0.2), 620.22 ± 0.03 (2.9 ± 0.2), 657.71 ± 0.03 (100), 677.55 ± 0.03 (12.2 ± 0.7), 686.80 ± 0.03 (7.4 ± 0.6), 706.68 ± 0.04 (17.2 ± 07), 744.19 ± 0.04 (4.4 ± 0.4), 763.88 ± 0.04 (24.0 ± 0.8), 818.00 ± 0.04 (7.8 ± 0.3), 884.67 ± 0.04 (79.6 ± 2.0). 937.48 ± 0.04 (36.5 ± 1.1), 1384.22 ± 0.04 (27.7 ± 0.8) 1475.73 ± 0.04 (4.5 ± 0.2), 1504.90 ± 0.08 (14.8 ±0.4) and 1562.22 ± 0.06 (1.33 ± 0.06). All these transitions fit into the well-known decay scheme of 110mAg. Transitions previously reported at 566.0, 667.2, 753.0, 785.0 and 1443.0 keV were not observed, but weak new transitions at 626, 997 and 1334 keV were observed. Transitions of 434.00 ± 0.10, 614.37 ± 0.10 and 722.95 ± 0.08 keV were observed from the decay of 108mAg.