cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary amines on small intestinal variables in neonatal pigs fed soy protein isolate.

Six litters of newborn crossbred piglets were utilized to examine 1) the effects of substituting 20% of the protein of an all-milk protein liquid diet with a soy protein isolate (milk-soy diet) on small intestinal variables and 2) the effects of supplementing this milk-soy diet with 25 g of either putrescine or ethylamine per kilogram diet on small intestinal variables. Small intestinal xylose absorption tended to increase from wk 1 to wk 2 of age in pigs fed the milk, putrescine and ethylamine diets, but not in pigs fed the milk, putrescine and ethylamine diets, but not in pigs fed the unsupplemented milk-soy diet. Crypt depth in pigs fed the milk-soy diet tended to be less (9.4%; P greater than .10) than the crypt depth in pigs fed the other diets, but mitotic index was not different (P greater than .10) among diets. Mucosal protein, DNA and RNA concentrations and mucosal brush border sucrase and cytosolic dipeptidase activities tended to be least in pigs fed the putrescine and ethylamine diets. Concentration of mucosal putrescine was greatest (P less than .002) in the distal regions of the small intestine of pigs fed putrescine. Mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity was inhibited by putrescine (P less than .02), but it was not affected by the soybean protein isolate used in this study. Supplementing soy protein isolate diets with amines may enhance intestinal absorption and enterocyte proliferation.
Characterization of memory energy behavior

There is a growing consensus that energy consumption is becoming an important issue for a wide variety of systems. Two factors fuel these trends: (1) increasing use of embedded and portable computing devices in everyday life, and(2) very high power dissipation levels reached by current state-of-the-art processors. Consequently, recent years have witnessed a host of studies that address the problem of reducing the energy consumption. Unfortunately, most of the energy-oriented studies are from design automation and architecture domain, and only very recently soft-based approaches to the problem have appeared in research papers. In this chapter, we take an early step in evaluating the energy consumption of a selected set of benchmarks from three different application domains. Setting off with the observation that memory energy behavior and observe the variations in cache and memory energies under different cache configurations.
Postoperative Pain Management after Radical Cystectomy: Comparing Traditional versus Enhanced Recovery Protocol Pathway

Purpose: Opioids have traditionally been the mainstay of pain management after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer but they have many side effects. The efficacy of opioid sparing analgesics after cystectomy as part of a protocol of enhanced recovery after surgery has yet to be proved. We compared opioid use, pain score and postoperative ileus in consecutive patients on a protocol of enhanced recovery after surgery and those on a traditional protocol after radical cystectomy.Materials and Methods: Using our institutional review board approved bladder cancer database we retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent open radical cystectomy using a traditional protocol or a protocol of enhanced recovery after surgery for pain management. A total of 205 patients were ultimately enrolled in study, including 81 on a traditional protocol and 124 on the enhanced protocol. Opioid use and pain scores were analyzed and compared up to postoperative day 4. All routes of opioid use were recorded and c...
Culturing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of glucose as a simple means of evaluating the acid tolerance of stationary-phase cells.

Prior growth of seven enterohemorrhagic and one nonenterohemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli in tryptic soy broth with (TSB+G) and without (TSB-G) 1% glucose was evaluated for its effect on acid tolerance. The final pHs of 18-h TSB+G and TSB-G cultures were 4.6 to 5.2 and 6.9 to 7.0, respectively. Cells were then transferred to brain heart infusion broth adjusted to pH 2.5 or 3.0 with HCl, incubated at 37 degrees C for up to 7 h, and assayed periodically for viable populations with brain heart infusion and MacConkey agars. All enterohemorrhagic strains were acid resistant ( 3.8). The results indicated that prior growth in a medium with and without a fermentable carbohydrate is a convenient way to studying the induction of acid tolerance, that acid inactivation is preceded by a period of acid injury, and that pH-independent and pH-dependent stationary-phase acid tolerance phenotypes may exist among strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli.
The Impact of Early Bedtimes on Adolescent Caloric Intake Varies by Chronotype

Abstract Purpose Adolescent sleep restriction is common and can lead to overeating. Here, we test whether lengthening sleep via early bedtimes affects dietary intake differently for adolescents accustomed to a later sleep phase ("night owls") versus an earlier sleep phase ("morning larks"). Methods Using a randomized cross-over design, 67 adolescents changed bedtimes to create five-night periods of sleep restriction (6.5 hours in bed) versus healthy sleep (10 hours in bed). Caloric intake was measured via validated interviews. Phase preference was based on participants' premanipulation sleep. Results Actigraphy verified that the manipulation altered sleep regardless of phase preference. Phase preference moderated the effect of the manipulation on cumulative caloric intake ( p = .01–.03). Night owls showed little effect, but morning larks reduced their evening intake during healthy sleep. Conclusions An "early to bed" approach confers little dietary benefit for night owls but may have a protective effect for adolescents who gravitate toward earlier bedtimes.
Seamless Tube Shape Is Constrained by Endocytosis-Dependent Regulation of Active Moesin

Summary Most tubes have seams (intercellular or autocellular junctions that seal membranes together into a tube), but "seamless" tubes also exist [1–3]. In Drosophila , stellate-shaped tracheal terminal cells make seamless tubes, with single branches running through each of dozens of cellular extensions. We find that mutations in braided impair terminal cell branching and cause formation of seamless tube cysts. We show that braided encodes Syntaxin7 and that cysts also form in cells deficient for other genes required either for membrane scission ( shibire ) or for early endosome formation ( Rab5 , Vps45 , and Rabenosyn-5 ). These data define a requirement for early endocytosis in shaping seamless tube lumens. Importantly, apical proteins Crumbs and phospho-Moesin accumulate to aberrantly high levels in braided terminal cells. Overexpression of either Crumbs or phosphomimetic Moesin induced lumenal cysts and decreased terminal branching. Conversely, the braided seamless tube cyst phenotype was suppressed by mutations in crumbs or Moesin . Indeed, mutations in Moesin dominantly suppressed seamless tube cyst formation and restored terminal branching. We propose that early endocytosis maintains normal steady-state levels of Crumbs, which recruits apical phosphorylated (active) Moe, which in turn regulates seamless tube shape through modulation of cortical actin filaments.
Effects of adenosine receptor antagonism on protein tyrosine phosphatase in rat skeletal muscle.

Earlier studies have shown that whole body adenosine receptor antagonism increases skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant Zucker rats. To find which steps in the insulin signaling pathway are influenced by adenosine receptors, muscle from lean and obese Zucker rats, treated for 1 week with the adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-acrylate)-phenylxanthine (BWA1433), were analyzed. All rats were first anesthetized and injected intravenously (i.v.) with 1 IU of insulin. About 3 min later the gastrocnemius was freeze clamped. Insulin receptors were partially purified on wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) columns and insulin receptor kinase activity measured in control and BWA1433-treated lean and obese Zucker rats. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity was also analyzed in subcellular fractions, including the cytosolic fraction, a high-speed particulate fraction and the insulin receptor fraction eluted from WGA columns. Administration of BWA1433 increased insulin receptor kinase activity in obese but not lean Zucker rats. PTPase activities were higher in the untreated obese rat muscle particulate fractions than in the lean rat particulate fractions. The BWA1433 administration lowered the PTPase activity of the obese rats but not the lean rats. Although the PTPase activity in WGA eluate fractions containing crude insulin receptors were similar in lean and obese animals, BWA1433 administration was found to lower the PTPase activities in the fractions obtained from obese but not from the lean rats. PTPases may be upregulated in muscles from obese rats due to activated adenosine receptors. Adenosine receptor blockade, by reducing PTPase activity, may thereby increase insulin signaling.
Monotectic composite growth

The theoretical factors in monotectic composite growth are reexamined. Perfect wetting of the solid by the monotectic liquid occurs whenever the monotectic temperature is close to the critical temperature. According to Chadwick, composite growth is impossible whenever such perfect wetting occurs. However, since the disjoining pressure is expected to be small, composite growth may instead be determined by the critical velocity necessary to overcome the disjoining pressure. Experience that high velocities are needed to form monotectic composites tends to support this alternate proposal. Applied pressure and ternary additions are suggested as additional ways for altering the factors that mediate composite growth.
Domain separation precedes global unfolding of rhodanese.

Abstract The enzyme rhodanese was investigated for the conformational transition associated with its urea unfolding. When rhodanese was treated with 0 or 3 m urea, the activity was not significantly affected. 4.25 m urea treatment led to a time-dependent loss of activity in 60 min. Rhodanese was completely inactivated within 2 min in 6m urea. The 1,1′-bi(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5′-disulfonic acid fluorescence intensity was not significantly increased during 0, 3, and 6 m urea equilibrations, and the fluorescence was dramatically increased with 4.25 m urea, indicating that hydrophobic surfaces are exposed. After 0 and 3 m urea equilibration, rhodanese was not significantly proteolyzed with trypsin. Treatment with 4.25 m urea led to simultaneous formation of major 12-, 15.9-, 17-, and 21.2-kDa fragments, followed by progressive emergence of smaller peptides. The N termini of the 17- and 21.2-kDa bands were those of intact rhodanese. The N terminus of the 15.9-kDa band starts at the end of the interdomain tether. The 12-kDa band begins with either residue 183 or residue 187. The size and sequence information suggest that the 17- and 15.9-kDa bands correspond to the two domains. The 21.2- and 12-kDa bands appear to be generated through one-site tryptic cleavage. It is concluded that urea disrupts interaction between the two domains, increasing the accessibility of the interdomain tether that can be digested by trypsin. The released domains have increased proteolytic susceptibility and produce smaller peptides, which may represent subdomains of rhodanese.
Analysis and design trade-offs for magnetic hard disk access time

Data access time is an important performance measure for any mass data storage system. It is the time between a data request received by the data storage system and the last bit of requested data sent to the host. For a magnetic hard disk drive, its data access time depends on how fast the actuator moves from tracks to tracks, the rotational speed of the platter, the size of the buffer for storing requests and data, and the algorithm that schedules the data requests. To improve the data access time, designers need to consider these parameters and perform trade-offs. This paper considers this problem. We derive analytical relations that are useful for design trade-offs.
Voting Blocs and the Freshman Justice On State Supreme Courts

Research has been completed on the "freshman effect" within the U.S. Supreme Court (Baugh 1989; Heck 1979; Heck and Hall 1981; Howard 1965; Melone 1990; Rubin and Melone 1988; Scheb and Ailshie 1985; Synder 1958; Ulmer 1965). The hypothesis, developed in Snyder's (1958) research on the U.S. Supreme Court, asserts that new justices manifest three types of behavior: bewilderment concerning new duties; a lower level of opinion writing when compared to senior justices; and, a tendency to vote initially with a pivotal or centrist "clique," joining liberal or conservative blocs only later in their careers (Baugh 1989; Heck and Hall 1981; Melone 1990; Rubin and Melone 1988; Scheb and Ailshie 1986; Synder 1958). All the characteristics are important to understanding freshman behavior. However, bloc voting affects decisional outcome. Therefore, the third dimension of the freshman effect captures our attention and becomes the focus of this article.
Gonioscopic Evaluation of Haptic Position in Transsclerally Sutured Posterior Chamber Lenses

Purpose To report a case of Xanthomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis and to increase awareness of its potential as an intraocular pathogen. METHOD: Case report. Results A 76-year-old woman developed X maltophilia endophthalmitis after cataract extraction. To eradicate the infection, we performed two vitrectomies and treated the patient with numerous intravitreal antibiotic injections. Conclusions X maltophilia is a potential intraocular pathogen in an immunocompetent host. If the infection takes a persistent course, persistent topical and intravitreal antibiotic treatment and possibly vitrectomy are needed to eradicate the infection.
Conjoint Measurement with Constraints on Attribute Levels: A Mixture–Amount Model Approach

Summary Traditional and choice-based conjoint analyses (CAs) have used full or fractional factorial designs to generate concept profile descriptions. However, these designs confound two factors when costs are associated with attributes: first is the total cost of the concept profile, and second is the allocation of costs among the attributes. Both factors may influence consumers' preferences. So far, these issues have not been separated in the CA literature. The present paper shows how mixture–amount designs used in industrial experiments may be used to separate amount and mixture effects in traditional CA. The extension to choice-based CA using balance incomplete block (BIB) designs is also given. Resume L'analyse conjointe, classique ou basee sur les choix (CBC), a utilise des plans factoriels complets ou fractionnes pour generer des descriptions de profils de concepts. Toutefois, ces plans confondent deux facteurs lorsque les couts sont associes aux attributs: le premier est le cout total du profil de concept et le second est la repartition des couts entre les attributs. Ces deux facteurs peuvent influencer les preferences des consommateurs. Jusqu'a present, la litterature sur l'analyse conjointe n'a pas traite separement ces problemes. Cet article montre comment des plans de melange mixture–amount utilises dans des experiences en milieu industriel peuvent etre utilises pour separer des effets de type montant et des effets de type melange dans une analyse conjointe traditionnelle. Une extension a l'analyse conjointe CBC fondee sur des plans en blocs incomplets equilibres (BIB) est egalement proposee.
High-pressure Raman study of vibrational relaxation in N2O

Abstract The vibrational widths of the ν1 and ν3 Raman bands of N2O were determined at pressures ranging from 8 bar to 2 kbar and temperatures varied from 25 to 150°C. The different dephasing theories including motional narrowing collisional models and resonant vibrational energy transfer theory were tested. A comparison of the theoretical predictions with the experimental data indicates the resonance VV transfer represents the dominant broadening mechanism. The observed frequency shifts between isotropic and anisotropic components of the bands were interpreted in terms of dipole-dipole interactions in dense N2O.
Thromboxane A2 in acute myocardial infarction

Abstract We evaluated the presence of thromboxane B 2 , the stable metabolite of thromboxane A 2 , early in the course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in both animal and patient studies. In an open-chest model, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was isolated and the great cardiac vein was cannulated in nine dogs. Following occlusion of the LAD, there was an increase in thromboxane B 2 concentration from 0.77 ± 0.093 to 1.79 ± 0.46 pmol/ml ( p p 2 concentration was 0.96 ± 0.13 pmol/ml at 4.88 ± 0.40 hours after the onset of chest pain. In 12 patients with sequential samples before and after restoration of patency of the occluded vessel, the initial concentration was 0.71 ± 0.058 pmol/ml. At 5 minutes after restoration of patency thromboxane B 2 concentration was 1.1 ± 0.17 pmol/ml ( p = 0.05). One hour later a return to baseline was noted (0.82 ± 0.75 pmol/ml). Two patients with the highest thromboxane B 2 concentrations (2.0 and 2.6 pmol/ml) were unable to have successful recanalization. We conclude that generation of thromboxane A 2 occurs during the early stages of AMI and may be an important pathophysiologic phenomenon in AMI.
Primary systemic arterial vasodilation in cirrhotic patients.

To the Editor: The increased plasma volume in cirrhotic patients with ascites made untenable the ‘underfill hypothesis’ secondary to ascites-mediated diminished plasma volume. Thus, the ‘overflow hypothesis’ was proposed in which a hepatic–renal reflex caused renal sodium retention with resultant plasma and extracellular fluid (ECF) expansion. The ECF expansion then increases cardiac output and causes secondary systemic arterial vasodilation. In a recent review in Kidney International,1 a figure from an experimental study supports secondary arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis.1 However, another experimental study demonstrated that prehepatic portal hypertension caused primary systemic vasodilation followed by increased total body sodium.2
Splenic infarction, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with infectious mononucleosis

An 18-year-old woman with infectious mononucleosis developed splenic infarction and severe anemia. Evaluation of her anemia revealed a warm autoantibody and a persistently prolonged partial thromboplastin time that ultimately led to the identification of antiphospholipid antibodies. Although the warm autoantibody disappeared after 2 months, the antiphospholipid antibodies remained persistently positive. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of this specific constellation of findings, with infectious mononucleosis, warm antibody hemolytic anemia, splenic infarction and persistently positive, high-titer antiphospholipid antibodies occurring in an individual patient.
THREE NEW SPECIES AND A NEW SUBSPECIES OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM ASIA

Four new Asian taxa are described and illustrated as part of a forthcoming taxonomic revision of the cultivated species of Begonia (Begoniaceae). The new species B. argenteomarginata (sect. Symbegonia) is described from Papua New Guinea. Two new species from section Petermannia are described: B. polilloensis from the Philippines and B. rachmatii from Sulawesi, Indonesia, both of which are unusual in having palmately compound leaf blades. A key is provided for these and a previously described species, B. oligandra, also with palmately compound leaf blades and in section Petermannia. The new subspecies B. brevirimosa subsp. exotica (sect. Petermannia) is described from the Central Range of Papua New Guinea and a brief history of its cultivation is presented.
Fractal Networks, Braiding Channels, and Voltage Noise in Intermittently Flowing Rivers of Quantized Magnetic Flux

We analyze the microscopic dynamics of vortex motion through channels that form river-like fractal networks in a variety of superconducting samples, and relate it to macroscopic measurable quantities such as the power spectrum. As a function of pinning strength, we calculate the fractal dimension, tortuosity, and the corresponding voltage noise spectrum. Above a certain pinning strength, a remarkable universal drop in both tortuosity and noise power occurs when the vortex motion changes from shifting braiding channels to unbraided channels. We compare our results with experiments.
Kinetic studies of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of normal and malignant hyperthermia susceptible pig muscles

Abstract The time-course of Ca 2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from muscles of normal pigs and those of pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia were investigated using stopped-flow spectrophotometry and arsenazo III as a Ca 2+ indicator. Several methods were used to trigger Ca 2+ release: (a) addition of halothane (e.g., 0.2 mM); (b) an increase of extravesicular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 0 2+ ]); (c) a combination of (a) and (b), and (d) replacement of ions (potassium gluconate with choline chloride) to produce membrane depolarization. The initial rates of Ca 2+ release induced by either halothane or Ca 2+ alone, or both, are at least 70% higher in malignant hyperthermic sarcoplasmic reticulum than in normal. The amount of Ca 2+ released by halothane at low [Ca 0 2+ ] in malignant hyperthermic sarcoplasmic reticulum is about twice as large as in normal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Membrane depolarization led to biphasic Ca 2+ release in both malignant hyperthermic and normal sarcoplasmic reticulum, the rate constant of the rapid phase of Ca 2+ release induced by membrane depolarization being significantly higher in malignant hyperthermic sarcoplasmic reticulum ( k = 83 s −1 ) than in normal ( k = 37 s −1 ). Thus, all types of Ca 2+ release investigated (a, b, c and d) have higher rates in malignant hyperthermic sarcoplasmic reticulum than normal sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that the putative Ca 2+ release channels located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are altered in malignant hyperthermic sarcoplasmic reticulum.
General response of viscoelastic systems modelled by fractional operators

Abstract Based on the Riemann-Liouville differential formulation, this paper investigates the impulse-transient-steady-mixed solution properties of fractionalized Maxwell-Kelvin- Voigt type viscoelastic system responses. Included in the development are the definition of eigenvalue characteristics, arbitrary operator order, mixed order formulations as well as associated asymptotic characteristics.
The Protein Environment Surrounding Tyrosyl Radicals D and Z in Photosystem II: A Difference Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Study

Abstract Photosystem II contains two redox-active tyrosine residues, termed D and Z, which have different midpoint potentials and oxidation/reduction kinetics. To understand the functional properties of redox-active tyrosines, we report a difference Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic study of these species. Vibrational spectra associated with the oxidation of each tyrosine residue are acquired; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and fluorescence experiments demonstrate that there is no detectable contribution of Q A − to these spectra. Vibrational lines are assigned to the radicals by isotopic labeling of tyrosine. Global 15 N labeling, 2 H exchange, and changes in pH identify differences in the reversible interactions of the two redox-active tyrosines with N-containing, titratable amino acid side chains in their environments. To identify the amino acid residue that contributes to the spectrum of D, mutations at His 189 in the D2 polypeptide were examined. Mutations at this site result in substantial changes in the spectrum of tyrosine D. Previously, mutations at the analogous histidine, His 190 in the D1 polypeptide, were shown to have no significant effect on the FT-IR spectrum of tyrosine Z (Bernard, M. T., et al. 1995. J . Biol . Chem . 270:1589–1594). A disparity in the number of accessible, proton-accepting groups could influence electron transfer rates and energetics and account for functional differences between the two redox-active tyrosines.
Smad About E2F: TGFβ Repressionof c-Myc via a Smad3/E2F/p107 Complex

Abstract Signaling by TGFβ regulates the expression of hundreds of genes. The rapid repression of c-Myc stands out because of its roles in growth control and cancer. Recent work shows that c-Myc repression by TGFβ is mediated by the nuclear translocation of a novel, preformed complex composed of Smad3, E2F4 or E2F5, and the Rb-related factor p107.
PION INTERFEROMETRY AS A PROBE OF TIME VARYING SOURCES

We discuss the way in which Bose-Einstein correlations among identical pions are affected by the presence of an explicit time dependence in the pion source’s space-time distribution. A particular functional form for this distribution has been assumed in order to compute both the longitudinal and transverse radii. In addition, the variations of these radii with the two pions center-of-mass rapidity is studied.
Restoration of both structure and function to a defective poly(A) site by in vitro selection.

Efficient cleavage and polyadenylation at the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) poly(A) site requires an upstream 3ʹ-processing enhancer to overcome the suboptimal sequence context of the AAUAAA hexamer. The HIV-1 3ʹ-processing enhancer functions to stabilize the association of the pre-mRNA with cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF), the factor responsible for recognition of the AAUAAA hexamer. Intriguingly, in the absence of the 3ʹ-processing enhancer, CPSF binding and polyadenylation efficiency could be restored to near wild-type levels upon replacement of the 14-nucleotide region immediately 5ʹ of the HIV-1 AAUAAA hexamer (the B segment) by the analogous sequences from the efficient adenovirus L3 poly(A) site. To further investigate the contributions of RNA sequence and structure to poly(A) site recognition, we have used an in vitro selection system to identify B segment sequences that enhance the polyadenylation efficiency of a pre-cleaved RNA lacking a 3ʹ-processing enhancer. The final RNA selection pool was composed of two predominant classes of RNAs. Nuclease probing revealed that the selected sequences restored an RNA conformation that facilitates recognition of the AAUAAA hexamer by CPSF. These results indicate that both the sequence and structural context of the AAUAAA hexamer contribute to poly(A) site recognition by CPSF.
Surface fluctuations at the liquid-liquid interface.

Within the capillary-wave model (CWM), the liquid-vapor interface is a hypothetical two-dimensional surface whose deviations from planarity are represented as long wavelength capillary waves. We modify the CWM for liquid-liquid interfaces and treat them as two harmonically interacting surfaces (model 1). Corrections to the model are proposed to prevent the usual divergence of the capillary-wave broadening in the thermodynamic limit by introducing a surface-bulk coupling (model 2) and to incorporate the curvature of the two surfaces (model 3). Expressions for the capillary-wave contribution to the surface tension of the interface are obtained. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed for two series of water-hydrocarbon interfacial systems (a) $n$-pentane, 2-methyl pentane, and 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane (constant chain length) and (b) $n$-octane, 2-methyl heptane, and 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane (constant molecular mass). A simple procedure to identify the molecular sites at the surface is utilized for a molecular representation of the surface. The distribution of these surface sites as well as the wave-vector dependence of surface fluctuations are analyzed in order to extract the parameters required for model 2. A small length scale is identified above which surface fluctuations correspond to capillary-wave fluctuations thereby connecting the molecular and mesoscopic scales. This approach is applied to all interfacial systems studied here and predictions based on the parameters found to be in good agreement with independent simulation results for surface tension and interfacial widths. Hydrocarbon branching has a small effect on model parameters.
Development and Evaluation of Ceramic Components for 8000-kW Class Hybrid Gas Turbine

An 8000 kW class hybrid gas turbine (HGT) project, administered by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) and sponsored by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), has been started in July 1999 in Japan[1]. The target of this project is improvement in thermal efficiency and output power by using ceramic components, and earlier commercialization of the gas turbine system. Ceramic components are used for stationary parts subjected to high temperature, such as combustor liners, transition ducts, and first stage turbine nozzles. The gas turbine development was conducted in cooperation with Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI).Kyocera started a study on fabricating the ceramic HGT components after evaluating their shape, placement, and fabrication methods. For these ceramic components, we are using the SN282 silicon nitride material developed and used for ceramic gas turbine components in the previous ceramic gas turbine project (300kW CGT)[2-4]. We have started to accumulate the strength evaluation data, using test bars cut from the aforementioned components, and begun long term tensile creep testing to confirm the reliability of the ceramic components.Copyright © 2001 by ASME
Registration of the Restorer Oilseed Sunflower Germplasm RHA 464 Possessing Genes for Resistance to Downy Mildew and Sunflower Rust

Sunflower rust (caused by Puccinia helianthi Schwein.) has become a more significant threat to U.S. sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production as a result of the multiplicity of races, increasing incidence, and lack of commercial hybrids with resistance. Thus, there is a need for new sources of effective rust resistance in the sunflower breeding community. At the same time, resistance to downy mildew [caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & De Toni] is also critical to parental line development because of the major impact of this disease over years. Our objective was to produce a restorer sunflower germplasm with resistance to the most virulent race of sunflower rust, race 777, and combine with it the best currently available downy mildew resistance in a high-yielding genetic background. We achieved this objective by using the pedigree breeding method with early generation selection for rust and downy mildew resistance and late-generation testcross evaluation for yield. The resulting restorer oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm, 'RHA 464' (Reg. No. GP-325; PI 655015; experimental '05 187'), which has resistance to the two pathogens of interest, was released by the USDA-ARS and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo, ND, to fill the urgent need in the sunflower industry for breeding lines with elite genetic background and disease resistance.
Electroanalytical applications in occupational and environmental health

Electroanalytical chemistry has been used for years in the occupational and environmental health fields. Portable sensors and analytical devices based on electrochemical (EC) methods are commonly used on-site in the workplace. Laboratory EC methods also have been used extensively for the analysis of industrial hygiene and related samples. Recent advances in electroanalytical methodology may lead to new analytical applications in the occupational health arena, both in the laboratory as well as on-site in the workplace. Applications in heavy metals analysis, analysis for inorganic and organic species, and bioanalysis are exemplified. This article provides an overview of the history of EC analysis for industrial hygiene purposes, and also summarizes current and newly developed applications of electroanalytical methods in occupational and environmental health.
Formation optimization for a fleet of wheeled mobile robots - A geometric approach

Tight formation-based operations are critical in several emerging applications for robot collectives - ranging from cooperative payload transport to synchronized distributed data-collection. In this paper, we investigate the optimal relative layout for members of a team of Differentially-Driven Wheeled Mobile Robots (DD-WMRs) moving in formation for ultimate deployment in cooperative payload transport tasks. Our particular focus is on modeling such formations, developing the motion plans and determining the ''best formation'' in a differential-geometric setting. Specifically, a preferred team-fixed frame serves as a virtual leader inducing motion plans for the individual DD-WMRs which form the vertices of a virtual structure. The resulting motion plans for the DD-WMRs as well as overall team-performance depend both on the specifiedteam-frame motions as well as their relative-layout within the formation. Emphasis is placed on developing suitable invariant (yet quantitative) measures of formation quality and a systematic optimization-based selection of the formation-layout. The use of relative formation-parameterization with respect to a team-frame serves to decouple the team-level optimal layout selection process. The optimal location of each DD-WMR can now be found with respect to the team-frame individually and the feasibility of distributed implementation facilitates scaling to larger-sized formations. Analytical and numerical results, from case studies of formation optimization of three DD-WMRs maneuvering along certain desired planar paths, are presented to highlight the salient features and benefits.
Deposition and characterization of Cerium Oxide conversion coatings on Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6

Abstract An improved process has been developed for the spontaneous deposition of cerium oxide conversion coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Approximately 80% of panels prepared using the improved process inhibited corrosion up to two weeks (336 h) in ASTM B117 salt fog testing, compared to approximately 20% for previous processes. Coatings were deposited from water-based solutions of CeCl3 and other compounds. Coating thickness, surface morphology, and performance in salt fog testing were sensitive to process parameters including surface preparation prior to coating, immersion time in the coating solution, and post-treatment. Surface preparation of the alloy was a critical first step in the deposition process. Desmutting followed by degreasing in a water solution of a commercial alkaline cleaner at a specific temperature was found to be an acceptable pre-treatment. Coating thickness, as determined by Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling, varied depending on the surface pre-treatment and time that the panel was immersed in the coating solution. Immersion of desmutted, degreased panels for 15 min produced coatings 200 nm thick. Post-treatment, which converted Ce4+ in the as-deposited coating to Ce3+ as shown by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, consisted of immersion in a phosphate sealing solution. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that the as-deposited coatings were composed of a heretofore unidentified nano-crystalline cerium compound, presumably a hydrated Ce4+ oxide or Ce4+ hydroxide.
β-Decay and the structure of light nuclei

An analysis of Gamow--Teller {beta}-decay data is used to derive information on the structure of {ital J}=1 levels in {ital sd}-shell {ital T}=0 odd-odd nuclei within the context of an extended Interacting Boson Model (IBM-4), particular on the relation of their orbital wavefunctions to those of levels in the neighboring {ital T}=1 systems. The data systematically indicate that the orbital wavefunctions of the even-even ground states are generally those of levels at high excitation in the odd-odd nuclei. Predictions are made for which even-even states do have similar orbital structure to the odd-odd ground states. {copyright} 1989 Academic Press, Inc.
Oral hairy leukoplakia

Oral hairy leukoplakia occurs almost exclusively in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients and is predictive for the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It presents as a white plaque with a rough surface, most commonly on the sides of the tongue. The eruption is frequently overlooked, and, because it is commonly mistaken for oral candidiasis, its true incidence is unknown. The leukoplakia is the result of permissive infection of epithelial cells by the Epstein-Barr virus. Antiviral therapy that inhibits Epstein-Barr virus replication can result in clinical improvement. Oral hairy leukoplakia provides a unique clinical model for investigations on the pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Determinants of Perceived Gubernatorial Budgetary Influence among State Executive Budget Analysts and Legislative Fiscal Analysts

Recent scholarship points to governors losing budgetary influence to legislatures. A survey of executive and legislative budget analysts from thirteen western states is used to test hypotheses derived from Abney and Lauth's theoretical propositions regarding the end of executive dominance over the budgetary process. This article finds that the legislature's ability to independently access budgetary information, a separate legislative budget agenda from the governor, the addition of detailed language in appropriation bills, and consensus revenue forecasting all decrease the likelihood of gubernatorial budgetary influence. Pork barrel additions and the ability to item veto appropriation language increase the likelihood of gubernatorial influence.
Substrate Recognition by Recombinant Serine Collagenase 1 from Uca pugilator(

Uca pugilator serine collagenase 1 was cloned and sequenced from a fiddler crab hepatopancreas cDNA library. A full-length sequence encodes a 270-amino acid pre-pro-enzyme highly identical in structure to the chymotrypsin family of serine proteases. The zymogen form of the enzyme was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fusion with the α-factor signal sequence under control of the alcohol dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Upon activation with trypsin, the recombinant collagenase possesses collagenolytic properties identical to those of the enzyme isolated from the crab hepatopancreas. The collagenase substrate binding pocket recognizes a wide range of basic, hydrophobic, and neutral polar residues. β-Branched and acidic amino acids are poor substrates. Acylation is rate-limiting for collagenase versus peptidyl amides, rather than deacylation, as for trypsin and chymotrypsin. Correlations relating substrate volume and hydrophobicity to catalysis were found for collagenase and compared to those for chymotrypsin and elastase. Relative enzyme efficiencies on single amino acid versus tetrapeptide amide substrates show that collagenase derives less catalytic efficiency from binding of the primary substrate residue than trypsin or chymotrypsin, but compensates in binding of the extended peptidyl residues. Serine collagenase 1 is a novel member of the chymotrypsin protease family, by virtue of its amino acid sequence and multifunctional active site.
9.1.1 A Highly Automated CMMI-Driven Self-Organizing and Mapped (SOM) Document Library

Over the past 10 years, systems engineering standards and process improvement models have matured to CMMI, IEEE/EIA 12207, and ISO 15288. A novel automated technique for rapidly capturing systems and software engineering specialty knowledge by ‘relevance’ algorithms while displaying the data in three-dimensional Self Organizing Maps (SOMs) has been developed. Tools are based on the author's REALM© (Requirements Enabled Automated Learning Method) process that is used to categorize and rank any size document set to any baseline document set, including websites. The examples in this paper illustrate a document set that represents nearly 3000 pages of content (past maturity models, process implementation procedures, handbooks, books, websites and tools). The highest scoring process definition documents related to the CMMI are a Systems Engineering Process Manual (SEPM) and IEEE/EIA 12207. REALM© has other applications: systems and software handbooks, standards, contracts, appraisals, assessments, audits, proposal requests (RFPs), proposals, design reviews, test plans, statements of objectives (SOO), work statements (SOW), business plans, etc.
The association between DSM-III-R alcohol dependence, psychological distress and drug use

This paper examines the association between DSM-III-R alcohol dependence, psychological distress and the frequency of drug use in a sample of 219 men and 162 women consecutively admitted to nine alcohol treatment programs in a Northern California county. Results show that psychological distress is higher among men who are more severely dependent on alcohol and among those who have lower education; women who are less alcohol dependent and women who are younger have higher scores in psychological distress than other women. With regard to drug use, about 65% of the men and 64% of the women report using a drug other than alcohol at least once a week during the 12 months prior to admission into treatment. Among both men and women, the drugs most frequently used are crack/cocaine, marijuana and methamphetamine. Among men, regression analysis shows that drug use is associated with being younger. Among women results show that the predictors of drug use are being younger, being unemployed, having a higher income, being a heavier drinker and having fewer symptoms of alcohol dependence. These results show a complex pattern of association across alcohol dependence, drug use and psychological distress. Knowledge of this pattern is necessary for tailoring effective clinical interventions to clients with different kinds of comorbidity.
Voltammetry in brain tissue: Quantitative studies of drug interactions

Abstract A new in vivo electrode system is described which is capable of quantitatively monitoring the fate of intracerebrally injected electroactive drugs. A voltammetric electrode implanted at the injection site can determine the concentration, oxidation-reduction state and degradative reactions of the injected material. This technique can be applied to a variety of injected compounds including catecholamines and their metabolites and various neuropharmacological agents.
The development of bioengineered skin

Driven by the need for donor tissue for patients suffering from extensive burns, alternatives to autologous and cadaver-derived tissue have been under development for the past 20 years. Unilayered and bilayered models representing the skin's epidermal and/or dermal components have been developed using both cells and matrix materials. In addition to their use in patients with extensive burns, trials using these products on refractory and challenging patients with both acute and chronic wounds have led to the commercial availability of some of these products.
Solar-array-induced disturbance of the Hubble Space Telescope pointing system

The investigation of the vibrational disturbances of the Hubble Space Telescope that were discovered soon after deployment in orbit is described in detail. It was found that the disturbances were particularly evident during orbital day-night crossings, and that the magnitude of the disturbances was considerably larger than the design jitter requirement. This paper describes the process by which the vibrations were characterized and isolated to a particular mechanism. The analysis of the flight data and comparisons with computer simulation results showed that the source of the disturbances was the thermally driven deformation of the solar arrays in conjunction with frictional effects in the array mechanisms. The control system was successfully modified to attenuate the disturbances to tolerable levels pending mechanical and thermal redesign of the solar arrays. The new arrays were installed during the first Space Telescope servicing mission, and in combination with the enhanced control system algorithm reduced the disturbances to satisfactory levels.
Viruses of the alimentary tract of chimpanzees.

Abstract Seventy viral isolates have been recovered from 502 throat and fecal specimens taken from a total of 96 chimpanzees. Approximately 40 throat and 40 fecal specimens were taken at three-month intervals over a period of 18 months. Eighteen viruses were recovered from 247 throat specimens while 52 viruses were isolated from 255 fecal specimens. The viral isolates are classified as 41 enteroviruses, probably enteric orphan viruses, 5 Coxsackie Group-A viruses, 6 reoviruses, 11 adenoviruses, and 5 parainfluenza Type-2 viruses. Two viruses are presently unclassified. Although monkey kidney cultures and newborn mice were employed as culture systems, no herpes virus simiae (B virus) was recovered. At the present time, no correlation between the viruses isolated and the seasons of the year can be made. No differences could be demonstrated with relation to sex or age of the chimpanzees and the incidence of infection.
Structure and assembly of cytochrome c oxidase.

This review describes recent progress in determining the structure of the eukaryotic cytochrome c oxidase and the insights this information provides about the assembly of this complicated enzyme
Recurrent bleeding following traumatic hyphema due to mild hemophilia B (Christmas disease)

Traumatic hyphemas generally resolve spontaneously. When recurrent bleeding occurs, a coagulopathy should be suspected. We present a unique case of a traumatic hyphema with recurrent bleeding in association with mild hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency).
The absence of cholesterol biosynthesis in a primitive insect—the firebrat, thermobia domestica (packard)

Abstract It has been postulated that certain of the more primitive insects may be capable of residual cholesterogenesis in contrast to the higher forms in which this capacity was lost through evolution. The recent report of high incorporation of dietary 1−14C acetate into cholesterol by a silverfish merited examination in another primitive insect. Hence, several groups of firebrats, Thermobia domestica (Packard) were either fed on a diet containing 1−14C acetate or injected with an aqueous solution of the labeled compound. Radioanalysis of the total lipids indicated efficient incorporation of the 1−14C acetate for lipid synthesis by both routes of administration. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the nonsaponifiable lipids revealed cholesterol to be the major sterol present. After the addition of purified carrier cholesterol, the sterols were isolated from the nonsaponifiable lipids by chroma-tography on alumina and digitonin precipitation. When the sterols from all the experiments were combined and purified through the dibromide, the cholesterol had a specific activity of 3.5 cpm/mg, yielding a total incorporation of about 39 cpm. This radioactivity represents about 0.001% of that incorporated into the total lipids. It is concluded that, because of the very low levels of radioactivity remaining in the cholesterol and the inability to obtain a constant specific activity throughout the purification process, there was no significant incorporation of 1−14C acetate into cholesterol by the firebrat.
Pseudorabies Virus EP0 Protein Counteracts an Interferon-Induced Antiviral State in a Species-Specific Manner

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alphaherpesvirus related to herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus, infects a broad host range of mammals. A striking characteristic of PRV infection is the different symptoms and outcomes of infection in natural and nonnatural hosts. Adult pigs, the natural hosts of PRV, survive infection with only mild respiratory symptoms, while nonnatural hosts, including rodents and cattle, invariably die after exhibiting neurological symptoms. Here, we show that the PRV EP0 protein is necessary to overcome an interferon-mediated antiviral response in primary cells from the natural host of PRV but is not necessary in nonnatural-host cells.