cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary patterns of DNA base composition and correlation to polymorphisms in DNA repair systems

DNA base composition is a fundamental genome feature. However, the evolutionary pattern of base composition and its potential causes have not been well understood. Here, we report findings from comparative analysis of base composition at the whole-genome level across 2210 species, the polymorphic-site level across eight population comparison sets, and the mutation-site level in 12 mutation-tracking experiments. We first demonstrate that base composition follows the individual-strand base equality rule at the genome, chromosome and polymorphic-site levels. More intriguingly, clear separation of base-composition values calculated across polymorphic sites was consistently observed between basal and derived groups, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. Individuals in the derived groups show an A&T-increase/G&C-decrease pattern compared with the basal groups. Spontaneous and induced mutation experiments indicated these patterns of base composition change can emerge across mutation sites. With base-composition across polymorphic sites as a genome phenotype, genome scans with human 1000 Genomes and HapMap3 data identified a set of significant genomic regions enriched with Gene Ontology terms for DNA repair. For three DNA repair genes (BRIP1, PMS2P3 and TTDN), ENCODE data provided evidence for interaction between genomic regions containing these genes and regions containing the significant SNPs. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of genome evolution.
A novel reconfigurable alias interference cancellation technique for A-to-D conversion

We propose a novel technique for the controlled suppression of aliasing interferers during analog-to-digital conversion. The technique exploits the aliasing inherent in the sampling operation to perform interference cancellation. This is achieved by optimally spreading and weighting the aliasing bands in the frequency domain prior to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The resulting filtering response scales automatically with the ADC bandwidth and can be digitally reconfigured to target specific interference profiles to maximize the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). The proposed technique eliminates the need for complex reconfigurable filters in a varying spectral content scenario while maintaining minimal ADC bandwidth and resolution requirements.
Atomic Emission Spectrometry with a Skimmed Inductively Coupled AR Plasma

A skimmer located below the usual observation height of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) allows the axial channel region of the ICP to flow through the central hole of the skimmer while the outer Ar flow is deflected. Signal-to-background (S/B) ratios and the estimated detection limits measured immediately above the skimmer were generally 5 to 20 times superior to the best results obtained by the conventional ICP system. The highest S/B lines possessed wavelengths greater than 300 nm. Matrix effect studies on the Ca-PO4 and the Ca-Al systems revealed that the skimmed plasma was as free of vaporization-atomization interference as the conventional plasma, but easily ionizable elements produced a greater level of suppression/enhancement effects. Electron number densities, as determined via the series limit line merging technique, were lower in the skimmed plasmas as compared with the conventional ICP's.
Sub-seasonal to interannual variations of sea surface temperature, salinity, oxygen anomaly, and transmissivity in Santa Monica Bay, California from 1987 to 1997

While the basic hydrographic and circulation pattern of Santa Monica Bay (SMB) are relatively well known,the seasonal and interannual variations of these patterns are not well established nor are the mechanisms behind them well understood. We analyzed 10 years of hydrographic observations (1987–1997) in the surface layer of SMB off southern California to establish the mean seasonal cycle and to deduce patterns of sub-seasonal to interannual variability of sea surface temperature,salinity,oxygen anomaly (the difference between oxygen concentration and its solubility),and transmissivity using empirical orthogonal functions and time-lagged cross-correlation methods. All four variables exhibit distinct seasonal variations,whose spatial distributions are a consequence of the interaction of bottom topography,vertical mixing, horizontal advection,freshwater discharge,and biological processes. The seasonal anomalies of all four parameters were estimated by removing the mean seasonal cycle; they exhibit three basic patterns: (1) an inshore/offshore gradient; (2) a balance between horizontal advection of the California Current from the northwest and the Southern California Countercurrent from the south; and (3) freshwater discharge from Ballona Creek. Air/sea heat flux and vertical mixing are the main factors regulating the dynamics of sea surface temperature. Freshwater discharge centered at Ballona Creek is the principal factor creating the salinity pattern. The annual mean oxygen anomaly shows a substantial supersaturation across the entire SMB. The variations of oxygen anomalies are regulated by local biological productivity,vertical mixing,and horizontal transport. Vertical mixing influences water transparency by suspension of sediments and nutrient supply stimulating phytoplankton growth. A remarkably clear pattern of spatio-temporal variations of all parameters is observed in a relatively small basin; these variations are regulated by both local meteorological factors (air temperature,wind,
Significance of Fomites in the Spread of Respiratory and Enteric Viral Disease

Worldwide annually there are 1.7 million deaths from diarrheal diseases and 1.5 million deaths from respiratory infections ([56][1]). Viruses cause an estimated 60% of human infections, and most common illnesses are produced by respiratory and enteric viruses ([7][2], [49][3]). Unlike bacterial
Ventilatory management of pulmonary contusion patients

Background The goal of this study was to evaluate two modes of mechanical ventilation in patients with pulmonary contusion: pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) and volume-controlled ventilation (VCV). Methods One hundred and thirty-five patients with pulmonary contusion, defined as an infiltrate on admission chest x-ray and hypoxemia, were treated over 45 months; 59 patients who required more than 48 hours of mechanical ventilation were initially managed with VCV. Results Twenty patients were converted from VCV to PCV when pulmonary function deteriorated. With PCV, peak inspiratory pressure decreased from 49 ± 1 to 31 ± 1 cm H2O, the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference decreased from 491 ± 36 mm Hg to 300 ± 36 mm Hg. These findings were significantly different (P Conclusions PCV is an alternative mode to VCV in patients with poorly compliant lungs after pulmonary contusion.
LIGHTNING: a scalable dynamically reconfigurable hierarchical WDM network for high-performance clustering

LIGHTNING is a dynamically reconfigurable WDM network testbed project for supercomputer interconnection. This paper describes a hierarchical WDM-based optical network testbed that is being constructed to interconnect a large number of supercomputers and to create a distributed shared memory environment. The objective of the hierarchical architecture is to achieve scalability yet avoiding the requirement of multiple wavelength tunable devices per node. Furthermore, single-hop all-optical communication is achieved: a packet remains in the optical form from source to destination and does not require intermediate routing. The wavelength multiplexed hierarchical structure features wavelength channel re-use at each level, allowing scalability to very large system sizes. It partitions the traffic between different levels of the hierarchy without electronic intervention in a combination of wavelength- and space-division multiplexing. A significant advantage of this approach is its ability to dynamically vary the bandwidth provided to different levels of the hierarchy. Each node in LIGHTNING receives traffic on n channels in an n-level hierarchy, one channel for each level. Each node monitors the traffic intensities on each channel and can detect any temporal or spatial shift in traffic balance. LIGHTNING can dynamically reconfigure to balance the traffic at each level by moving wavelengths associated with each level up or down depending on need. Bandwidth re-allocation is completely decentralized-any node can initiate it, achieving highly fault tolerant system behavior. This paper describes the system architecture, network and memory interface, and the optical devices that have been developed in this project.
Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) Techniques For Compound Semiconductor Growth

Liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) is a method of crystal growth well suited to the preparation of a wide range of compound semiconductor materials including GaAs, AlAs, GaP, InP, and GaSb, as well as their ternary and quaternary alloys. The advantages of LPE over other solution growth methods are substantial, primarily in material purity, doping flexibility, and dimensional control. It has particular advantages in achieving the complex multilayer structures required for many interesting optical devices, such as injection lasers, light emitting diodes, and photodetectors. LPE has appeared in many configurations in recent years, with the dominant variation at present being the sliding boat method. A good understanding of the capabilities of this method can be obtained by studying the growth of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.
Obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms and subjective severity, probability, and coping ability estimations of future negative events

This paper describes two studies in which 18 participants with OCD (Study 1) and 73 students (Study 2) rated the subjective probability and severity of future negative events, as well as their anticipated coping ability. The negative events were idiographic in that participants wrote and rated events that were particularly salient to them personally. In both samples, results indicated that, as OC symptoms increased, severity estimation increased and coping ability decreased. However, probability estimation increased with OC symptoms in the student sample, but not in the OCD sample. Results also suggested that OC symptoms may relate to the product of probability and severity, divided by coping ability. Regression results indicated that higher probability estimation for students, and worse predicted coping ability for OCD patients, was the most predictive of OC symptoms. Findings are discussed in the context of cognitive theory of OCD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pressure mapping: A preliminary report

Abstract It is the object of this report to introduce a chemical means for graphically quantifying static pressures at all points simultaneously over almost any given surface, exemplified by a consideration of an ischial weight bearing orthotic socket. The transducer that is under development should expediate pressure information at the man-machine interface because of its direct and adaptive characteristics.
The uses and impact of academic listservs in university teaching: an exploratory study

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact academic listservs were making on teaching at Temple University when used in conjunction with face-to-face courses. Since the study was the first of its kind, an exploratory qualitative design was used to see if themes or patterns emerged. Results indicated that listservs were primarily used for housekeeping activities, although instructors voiced their desire to tap into the potential of listserv technology. The overriding discovery was that most instructors were using listservs without a predetermined teaching goal. A demographic profile of professors likely to use listservs is also included.
Entry Sites of Venezuelan and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses in the Mouse Central Nervous System following Peripheral Infection

ABSTRACT Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and WEEV; Alphavirus; Togaviridae) are mosquito-borne pathogens causing central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans and equids. Adult CD-1 mice also develop CNS disease after infection with VEEV and WEEV. Adult CD-1 mice infected by the intranasal (i.n.) route, showed that VEEV and WEEV enter the brain through olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In this study, we injected the mouse footpad with recombinant WEEV (McMillan) or VEEV (subtype IC strain 3908) expressing firefly luciferase (fLUC) to simulate mosquito infection and examined alphavirus entry in the CNS. Luciferase expression served as a marker of infection detected as bioluminescence (BLM) by in vivo and ex vivo imaging. BLM imaging detected WEEV and VEEV at 12 h postinoculation (hpi) at the injection site (footpad) and as early as 72 hpi in the brain. BLM from WEEV.McM-fLUC and VEEV.3908-fLUC injections was initially detected in the brain9s circumventricular organs (CVOs). No BLM activity was detected in the olfactory neuroepithelium or OSNs. Mice were also injected in the footpad with WEEV.McM expressing DsRed (Discosoma sp.) and imaged by confocal fluorescence microscopy. DsRed imaging supported our BLM findings by detecting WEEV in the CVOs prior to spreading along the neuronal axis to other brain regions. Taken together, these findings support our hypothesis that peripherally injected alphaviruses enter the CNS by hematogenous seeding of the CVOs followed by centripetal spread along the neuronal axis. IMPORTANCE VEEV and WEEV are mosquito-borne viruses causing sporadic epidemics in the Americas. Both viruses are associated with CNS disease in horses, humans, and mouse infection models. In this study, we injected VEEV or WEEV, engineered to express bioluminescent or fluorescent reporters (fLUC and DsRed, respectively), into the footpads of outbred CD-1 mice to simulate transmission by a mosquito. Reporter expression serves as detectable bioluminescent and fluorescent markers of VEEV and WEEV replication and infection. Bioluminescence imaging, histological examination, and confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to identify early entry sites of these alphaviruses in the CNS. We observed that specific areas of the brain (circumventricular organs [CVOs]) consistently showed the earliest signs of infection with VEEV and WEEV. Histological examination supported VEEV and WEEV entering the brain of mice at specific sites where the blood-brain barrier is naturally absent.
Solvent-Dependent Friction Force Response of Poly(ethylenimine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) Brushes Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy

Lateral and normal forces between a surface-bound, brushlike copolymer, poly(ethylenimine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEI-g-PEG), and a silica colloidal probe were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and related to the relative mass of the solvent absorbed within the polymer as measured with the quartz crystal microbalance. PEI-g-PEG was adsorbed onto an oxide-passivated silicon wafer through its exposure to physiologically buffered solutions of the polymer. Frictional forces were measured between the colloidal probe and the substrate by AFM as the polarity of the solvent was systematically varied. Reduced friction forces and greater film thicknesses were encountered under solvents of higher polarity, which are attributed to the extended conformation of the brushlike copolymer under these conditions. Lateral and normal forces detected between the colloidal probe and this surface-bound PEI-g-PEG were found to be similar under certain solvent conditions to those measured for poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol), a brushlike copolymer with a different molecular architecture. To this end, friction force studies of both symmetric and asymmetric PEI-g-PEG-coated interfaces served to identify the contributions of conformational and bridging effects in the observed tribological behavior.
A Revision of the North American Necydalini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

The tribe Necydalini comprises those longicorn genera which have very short elytra exposing the abdomen and flat, unfolded wings with three veins in the post-cubital region. The group has been accorded various systematic positions within the family Cerambycidae, the most frequent of which have been either in the Lepturine or Molorchine series. LeConte (1850, 1863) advocated the former arrangement, recent workers have mostly followed the latter. Actually, although the resemblance between the Necydalini and the Molorchini is striking, it is highly superficial. The characters of the larvae, the venation of the wings, and the structure of the adult mouth parts all suggest a relationship to the Lepturinae (and Aseminae) and the tribe is here considered as belonging to that subfamily.
The Technological State in Indonesia: The Co-Constitution of High Technology and Authoritarian Politics

Sulfikar Amir's recent book, The Technological State in Indonesia: The Co-constitution of High Technology and Authoritarian Politics, is a welcome addition to the growing body of literature on stat...
Synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals

Synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals were produced under approximately physiological conditions both in the absence and presence of 0.025 M HCO 3 − . X-ray diffraction studies and solubility data established that the crystals formed from the bicarbonate medium were essentially a single phase, carbonate-apatite. These crystals were extremely minute, of composition comparable to bone mineral, and, on aging, showed very little increase in “crystallinity” in comparison with CO2-free preparations. Exchange studies with C14O2 established that about 60% of the CO2, presumably as CO 3 = , residedwithin the crystal lattice and 40%, presumably as HCO 3 − , resided in the hydration shells of the crystals. Of the latter, approximately 50% was lost on drying. Preliminary experiments with bones of young rats labelled with C14O2 in vivo suggested that the model experiments are biologically applicable. Approximately 47% of the C14O2 in the bones was lost on drying.
Subject analysis of disinfection of medical institutions in Weifang city

Objective:To understand the disinfection of medical institutions in Weifang city.Methods: Analysis was made on the date of the disinfection test data of medical institutions in Weifang according to GB15982-1995.Results: Totally 5553 samples were detected during 2005-2009.Pathogens were not detected.The qualified rates were 94.2%,98.5%,96.4%,99.0% and 97.6% respectively from 2005 to 2009.The pass rates were 74.2%～97.0%,93.1%～97.5%,89.7%～99.8%,99.7%～100% and 100% for indoor air,staff hand surface,surface of object,disinfection and medical supplies respectively.Conclusion: The disinfection of medical institutions was in good conditions totally,but training and publicity for medical staff should be strengthed.
About Vectorial Fractional Integral Inequalities Using Convexity

Here we present vectorial general integral inequalities involving products of multivariate convex and increasing functions applied to vectors of functions. As specific applications we derive a wide range of vectorial fractional inequalities of Hardy type.
The dynamic behavior of handoff algorithms

The authors develop analytical models to study the dynamic behavior of handoff algorithms based on field-strength measurements in a fading environment. These models quantify the behavior of the handover algorithm as the mobile moves from one base station to another. The performance is measured in terms of the probability of correct handoff decision and the delay in handoff. The effect of algorithm parameters like averaging length and hysteresis level on these performance measures is determined. These factors interact and it is important to understand the optimizing relationships. The analysis is carried out in terms of level crossings of a stochastic process which is the difference of two processes, each representing the signal strength from a base station. >
Academic coaching tools for increased retention: Empowering engineering students in their education

What skills can we use to help undergraduate and graduate engineering students to set and work toward their own goals, to take charge of their education and career path, and to hold themselves accountable all without adding more to the workload for faculty and support staff? Learn how to empower engineering undergraduate and graduate students to own their education, utilizing tools in coaching. Inherent in the structure of coaching is the engineering design process: identify the underlying problem, explore solutions, and create an action plan. Using coaching skills with students you advise, teach, mentor, supervise, etc. can be a valuable tool for inspiring critical thinking and self-reflection and for improving student retention.
Conservation and Constitutive Equations for Fluid–Particle Flow Systems

Chapter 1 presented general forms of conservation equations; this chapter presents mass and momentum conservation equations and constitutive and boundary conditions for fluid–particle flow systems. The conservation equations and constitutive relations are general and can be applied to all regimes of fluid–particle flow from a very dilute particle volume fraction to the packed bed regime.
Unleashing the Power of Active Sonar

The authors explore various applications that can be enabled by transforming mobile devices into active sonar systems. Specifically, they show how to use microphones and speakers available on existing smartphones to monitor minute body movements such as breathing. Using this, they build systems that will demonstrate the feasibility of achieving contactless solutions for sleep apnea diagnosis. Building on their active sonar approach, they also demonstrate the feasibility of subcentimeter finger tracking for around-device interaction using existing smartphones with no additional hardware. The resulting finger tracking system breaks a fundamental tension between the shrinking sizes of wearable and mobile devices and our ability to interact with them and achieves this without the need for additional hardware.
Botulinum Toxin for Migraine Headaches

Botulinum toxin, one of the world’s most deadly poisons, has become an extremely important pharmaceutical over the past 35+ years with a plethora of on-label and off-label uses. Chronic migraine sufferers now have another means of controlling their debilitating migraine pain. Understanding the toxin, its pharmacology, mechanism of action, how it is used, and how to avoid and treat adverse events is critical for any clinician to know that incorporates this agent into their practice. Of particular importance is an awareness of the on-label and off-label injection protocols to be able to use this product in a safe and effective manner.
Differential Impacts of Land-Based Sources of Pollution on the Microbiota of Southeast Florida Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are dynamic ecosystems known for decades to be endangered due, in large part, to anthropogenic impacts from land-based sources of pollution (LBSP). In this study, we utilized an Illumina-based next-generation sequencing approach to characterize prokaryotic and fungal communities from samples collected off the southeast coast of Florida. Water samples from coastal inlet discharges, oceanic outfalls of municipal wastewater treatment plants, treated wastewater effluent before discharge, open ocean samples, and coral tissue samples (mucus and polyps) were characterized to determine relationships between microbial communities in these matrices and those in reef water and coral tissues. Significant differences in microbial communities were noted among all sample types but varied between sampling area. Contamination from outfalls was found to be the greatest potential source of LBSP influencing native microbial community structure among all reef samples, although pollution from inlets was also noted. Notably, reef water and coral tissue communities were found to be more greatly impacted by LBSP at southern reefs, which also experienced the most degradation during the course of the study. Results of this study provide new insights into how microbial communities from LBSP can impact coral reefs in Southeast Florida and suggest that wastewater outfalls may have a greater influence on the microbial diversity and structure of these reef communities than do contaminants carried in runoff although the influence of runoff and coastal inlet discharge on coral reefs are still substantial. IMPORTANCE Coral reefs are known to be endangered due to sewage discharge and to runoff of nutrients, pesticides, and other substances associated with anthropogenic activity. Here we used next-generation sequencing to characterize the microbial communities of potential contaminant sources in order to determine how environmental discharges of microbiota and their genetic material may influence the microbiomes of coral reef communities and coastal receiving waters. Runoff delivered through inlet discharges impacted coral microbial communities, but impacts from oceanic outfalls carrying treated wastewater were greater. Geographic differences in the degree of impact suggest that coral microbiomes may be influenced by the microbiological quality of treated wastewater.
The Tax Inversion Problem: A Hard Nut to Crack

Tax inversions are a popular topic of discussion among politicians, consultants, news outlets, and academics. Tax inversions are not a new topic; they were discussed in the early 1990s and in the previous decade. Tax inversion is a tax strategy in which a company reincorporates in another country for tax purposes. Several U.S. firms have merged with foreign firms to move their headquarters out of the U.S. Firms have defended their tax inversions by saying that inversions enhanced shareholders’ wealth by increasing the firms’ efficiencies and/or reducing their corporate taxes. The federal government has attempted to reduce and/or eliminate tax inversions. The government is concerned that tax inversions will reduce the tax base at a time when the federal government is experiencing budget deficits and the national debt is at an all-time high. Furthermore, individuals are increasingly aware of the huge financial disparity between the wealthiest members of our society and everybody else, and they believe tax inversions exacerbate this disparity in wealth. This paper briefly discusses why solving the tax inversion problem is politically problematic.
Religion and LGBTQ sexualities

Stephen Hunt’s latest collection of writings, Religion and LGBTQ Sexualities, is a tour de force of authors and subjects, arranged as a smart constellation of voices within a variety of religious t...
Characteristics of Older Adults in Primary Care Who May Benefit From Primary Palliative Care in the U.S.

Abstract Context Older adults with advanced illness and associated symptoms may benefit from primary palliative care, but limited data exist to identify older adults in U.S. primary care to benefit from this care. Objectives To describe U.S. primary care visits among adults aged 65 years and older with advanced illness. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the National Ambulatory and Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (2009–2011) was conducted using Chi-squared tests to compare visits without and with advanced illness with U.S. primary care defined by National Committee for Quality Assurance Palliative and End-of-Life Care Physician Performance Measurement Set International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for end-stage illness. Results Among visits by older adults to primary care, 7.9% visits were related to advanced illness. A higher proportion of advanced illness visits was among men vs. women (8.9% vs. 7.2%; P = 0.03) and adults aged 75 years and older, non-Hispanic whites (8.3%) and blacks (8.2%) vs. Hispanic (6.7%) and non-Hispanic other (2.5%) ( P = 0.02), dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, and from patient ZIP Codes with lower median household incomes (below $32,793). A higher percentage of visits with advanced illness conditions to primary care was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, dementia, and cancer, and symptoms reported with these visits were mostly pain, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and insomnia. Conclusion In the U.S., approximately 8% primary care visits among older adults was related to advanced illness conditions. Advanced illness visits were most common among those most likely to be socioeconomically vulnerable and highlight the need to focus efforts for high-quality palliative care for these populations.
The Development of Children's Gender-Science Stereotypes: A Meta-analysis of 5 Decades of U.S. Draw-A-Scientist Studies.

This meta-analysis, spanning 5 decades of Draw-A-Scientist studies, examined U.S. children's gender-science stereotypes linking science with men. These stereotypes should have weakened over time because women's representation in science has risen substantially in the United States, and mass media increasingly depict female scientists. Based on 78 studies (N = 20,860; grades K-12), children's drawings of scientists depicted female scientists more often in later decades, but less often among older children. Children's depictions of scientists therefore have become more gender diverse over time, but children still associate science with men as they grow older. These results may reflect that children observe more male than female scientists in their environments, even though women's representation in science has increased over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Common Mistakes Made in Psychiatric Evaluation by Beginning Therapists

As part of their clinical experience in hospital outpatient clinics, residents and medical students are often required to evaluate new psychiatric patients for eventual treatment or referral. This is a difficult assignment. The present study attempts both to improve our understanding of the factors which are most troublesome for trainees, and to alert those who supervise their training.
What is the relation between Delta phi and micro for a cosmic string

We examine the relation between the deficit angle ..delta..phi and the mass per unit length ..mu.. of a cosmic string. In the weak-field approximation ..delta..phi = 8..pi mu... In general we define a correction term delta by deltaequivalent(..delta..phi/8..pi mu..)-1. We show that delta depends on the gravitational strength of the string, but is independent of the thickness of the string. Taking the zero-thickness limit we obtain an infinitely thin string for which ..delta..phinot =8..pi mu... The implications of this result for the treatment of strings as singular line sources in general relativity is discussed.
Introduction: Freedom, Control, and Reactance Theory

When the press predicted that Mr. [President] Johnson would get rid of all the Kennedy men in the White House, he invited them all to stay, and when he was later praised for doing so, he gradually let almost all of them resign .
Tubulointerstitial and intraglomerular metastasis with subsequent development of tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with advanced metastatic melanoma

Background:While up to 50% of patients with malignant melanoma will have micrometastases to their kidneys, clinically apparent kidney metastasis is rare. Furthermore, intraglomerular metastases hav...
Addressing Special Educational Needs and Disability in the Curriculum: Maths

The SEND Code of Practice (2015) reinforced the requirement that all teachers must meet the needs of all learners. This topical book provides practical, tried and tested strategies and resources that will support teachers in making maths lessons accessible and interesting for all pupils, including those with special needs. The author draws on a wealth of experience to share his understanding of special educational needs and disabilities and show how the maths teacher can reduce or remove any barriers to learning. Offering strategies that are specific to the context of maths teaching, this book will enable teachers to: adopt a ‘problem solving’ approach to ensure students use and apply mathematics at all times during their learning develop students’ understanding of mathematical ideas structure lessons to empower and actively engage students create a mutually supportive classroom which maximises learning opportunities plan the classroom layout and display to enhance learning, for example displaying number lines, vocabulary lists and pupils’ work successfully train and fully use the support of their teaching assistants. An invaluable tool for continuing professional development, this text will be essential for secondary maths teachers (and their teaching assistants) seeking guidance specific to teaching maths to all pupils, regardless of their individual needs. This book will also be of interest to secondary SENCOs, senior management teams and ITT providers. In addition to free online resources, a range of appendices provide maths teachers with a variety of pro forma and activity sheets to support effective teaching. This is an essential tool for maths teachers and teaching assistants, and will help to deliver successful, inclusive lessons for all pupils.
Causes of Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Public reporting of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) often uses periprocedural (30 days) mortality as a surrogate for procedural quality, though it is unclear how often death is...
Dynamic and Asymmetric Changes of the Microbial Communities after Cohousing in Laboratory Mice.

Summary Horizontal transmission of the microbiota between different individuals is widely used to normalize the microbiota in laboratory mice. However, little is known about the dynamics of microbial communities and the level of microbiota transmission after cohousing. We extensively analyzed the fecal microbiota in Jackson and Taconic C57BL/6 mice to study horizontal transmission after weaning. Changes in the microbiota were clearly detected on day 3, almost plateaued on day 7, and resulted in near-comparable composition by day 28 after cohousing. Notably, the transmission of bacterial species was asymmetric in kinetics and abundance, resulting in a microbiota that is more similar to that of Jackson mice than Taconic. Several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) increased their abundance rapidly after cohousing in Taconic mice whereas several OTUs including two mucus-associated bacteria increased their abundance with delayed kinetics in Jackson mice. These studies provide insight into the dynamics and normalization of the microbiota during horizontal transmission.
Free Radical Chemistry of β-Lactones. Arrhenius Parameters for the Decarboxylative Cleavage and Ring Expansion of 2-Oxetanon-4-ylcarbinyl Radicals. Facilitation of Chain Propagation by Catalytic Benzeneselenol

2-Oxetanon-4-ylcarbinyl radicals undergo facile ring opening with cleavage of the C−O bond to give 3-butenoxyl radicals which in turn suffer loss of carbon dioxide to provide allyl radicals. When the initial radical is generated from a bromolactone with Bu3SnH and AIBN, chain propagation is poor owing to the relatively slow abstraction of hydrogen from the stannane by the allyl radical. The inclusion of catalytic Ph2Se2, reduced in situ to PhSeH, provides for much smoother cleaner reactions because of the better hydrogen donating capacity of the selenol. The oxetanon-4-ylcarbinyl radical derived from 6-benzyl-1-(bromomethyl)-8-oxa-7-oxobicyclo[4.2.0]octane is anomalous and undergoes a radical ring expansion in competition with the fragmentation process. Possible reasons for this anomaly are presented as are Arrhenius functions for the fragmentation and rearrangement. The Arrhenius function for the fragmentation of a simple 2-oxetanon-4-yl radical is also presented. Conditions are described under which the...
Illness acceptance in adolescents: A concept analysis.

Aim To strengthen the theoretical understanding of illness acceptance in adolescents and to inform healthcare strategies geared toward supporting adolescents with chronic illness. Background Illness acceptance is associated with positive health outcomes. Though well understood in adults with chronic illness, less is known about how this phenomenon ensues in adolescents. Adolescents may have a difficult time accepting an illness due to their unique developmental needs. Consequently, they are vulnerable to poor health outcomes. Design Concept analysis. Data sources A literature search through 2 databases (PubMed and PsycINFO) and a hand-search through Google were conducted to identify uses of the concept. Review methods The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis. Results Four attributes of illness acceptance were identified: understanding of illness, overcoming limitations, normalization, and readiness for responsibility. Antecedents that predisposed illness acceptance included peer and family support, disease management education, and developmental readiness. Positive consequences of illness acceptance included high self-esteem, improved quality of life, resilience, identity formation, and better disease control. Conclusions Establishing a standardized conceptual understanding of how illness acceptance ensues in adolescents can enable nurses and other health professionals to tailor developmentally appropriate care strategies and optimize the overall quality of life for this unique patient population.
PICUP: A Community of Teachers Integrating Computation into Undergraduate Physics Courses

The need to integrate computation into the physics curriculum has long been established: using simulations and computational modeling can enhance students’ conceptual understanding, and the computational skills students acquire are both useful and necessary in their careers. However, making changes to an established physics course is a challenge on many fronts: instructors need to be comfortable with their own computational skills, they need time to find and adapt appropriate materials, and they may have questions about how to integrate computation into their course(s). The Partnership for Integration of Computation into Undergraduate Physics (PICUP) was organized to identify the barriers underlying these challenges, to document the current state of computation use in physics courses, and to explore avenues to reach and engage physics teachers.
Identifying Transfer Student Subgroups by Academic and Social Adjustment: A Latent Class Analysis

ABSTRACTA dearth of literature exists on first-year transfer student interventions, which makes it difficult to determine whether there are transfer student subgroups that struggle more than others...
Hemifacial Spasm in an Argus II Retinal Prosthesis Patient

Purpose:A 59-year-old man with retinitis pigmentosa, who received an Argus II retinal prosthesis in the left eye 3 years prior, presented with left-sided involuntary facial contractions that occurr...
A Constructive Way to Think about Different Hydrothermal Environments for the Origins of Life.

The question of where life originated has been contentious for a very long time. Scientists have invoked many environments to address this question. Often, we find ourselves beholden to a location, especially if we think life originated once and then evolved into the myriad forms we now know today. In this brief commentary, we wish to lay out the following understanding: hydrothermal environments are energetically robust locations for the origins and early evolution of life as we know it. Two environments typify hydrothermal conditions, hydrothermal fields on dry land and submarine hydrothermal vents. If life originated only once, then we must choose between these two environments; however, there is no reason to assume life emerged only once. We conclude with the idea that rather than having an “either or” mind set about the origin of life a “yes and” mind set might be a better paradigm with which to problem solve within this field. Finally, we shall discuss further research with regards to both environments.
Long-term survival in triple-vessel disease: Hybrid coronary revascularization compared to contemporary revascularization methods

Background Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) constitutes a left internal mammary artery graft to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, coupled with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for non-LAD lesions. This management strategy is not commonly offered to patients with complex multivessel disease. Our objective was to evaluate 8-year survival in patients with triple-vessel disease (TVD) treated by HCR, compared with that of concurrent matched patients managed by traditional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or multivessel PCI. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of 4805 patients with TVD who presented between January 2009 and December 2016. A cohort of 100 patients who underwent HCR were propensity-matched with patients treated by CABG or multivessel PCI. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 8 years. Results Patients with TVD who underwent HCR had similar 8-year mortality (5.0%) as did those with CABG (4.0%) or multivessel PCI (9.0%). A composite endpoint of death, repeat revascularization, and new myocardial infarction, was not significantly different between patient groups (HCR 21.0% vs CABG 15.0%, P = .36; HCR 21.0% vs PCI 25.0%, P = .60). Despite a higher baseline synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery(SYNTAX) score, HCR was able to achieve a lower residual SYNTAX score than multivessel PCI (P = .001). Conclusions In select patients with TVD, long-term survival and FREEDOM from major adverse cardiovascular events after HCR are similar to that seen after traditional CABG or multivessel PCI. HCR should be considered for patients with multivessel disease, presuming a low residual SYNTAX score can be achieved.
Mechanisms of Light-Induced Deformations in Photoreceptors.

Abstract Biological cells deform on a nanometer scale when their transmembrane voltage changes, an effect that has been visualized during the action potential using quantitative phase imaging. Similar changes in the optical path length have been observed in photoreceptor outer segments after a flash stimulus via phase-resolved optical coherence tomography. These optoretinograms reveal a fast, millisecond-scale contraction of the outer segments by tens of nanometers, followed by a slow (hundreds of milliseconds) elongation reaching hundreds of nanometers. Ultrafast measurements of the contractile response using line-field phase-resolved optical coherence tomography show a logarithmic increase in amplitude and a decreasing time to peak with increasing stimulus intensity. We present a model that relates the early receptor potential to these deformations based on the voltage-dependent membrane tension—the mechanism observed earlier in neurons and other electrogenic cells. The early receptor potential is caused by conformational changes in opsins after photoisomerization, resulting in the fractional shift of the charge across the disk membrane. Lateral repulsion of the ions on both sides of the membrane affects its surface tension and leads to its lateral expansion. Because the volume of the disks does not change on a millisecond timescale, their lateral expansion leads to an axial contraction of the outer segment. With increasing stimulus intensity and the resulting tension, the area expansion coefficient of the disk membrane also increases as thermally induced fluctuations are pulled flat, resisting further expansion. This leads to the logarithmic saturation observed in measurements as well as the peak shift in time. This imaging technique therefore relates the structural changes in the photoreceptor to the underlying neurological function of transducing light into electrical signals. Such label-free optical monitoring of neural activity using fast interferometry may be applicable not only to optoretinography but also to neuroscience in general.
Resilience in Women: Disrupting Cascades of Adversity with Trauma-Informed Practice

Trauma, particularly when experienced early in life, but also throughout the life course, has far-reaching and long-lasting negative impacts. There are a host of biological, cognitive, and relational adversities that stem from past traumas and contribute to additional traumatic experiences that accumulate over time. Individuals who are considered “resilient” are those who are able to positively adjust despite experiencing one or more adversities. However, a person’s capacity for resilience is shaped by a variety of complex and interacting factors. Research suggests promoting resilience among adults reduces behavioral risks, but requires intervention programming that (1) increases access to social support and formal services, (2) provides treatment for childhood trauma and other risk factors, and (3) provides a diverse array of individualized intervention options including addiction treatment. The impacts of adversity and trauma can be seen in men and women; however, women may be a uniquely vulnerable group due to experiencing disproportionately high rates of child abuse and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), as well as being particularly susceptible to physical and mental health outcomes. This chapter describes the prevalence and impact of trauma and ACEs on women and outlines strategies for trauma-informed programming to disrupt cascades of adversity and promote resilience.
Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions and Intermittent Fasting in Obesity.

The obesity epidemic and its metabolic consequences are a major public health problem both in the USA and globally. While the underlying causes are multifactorial, dysregulations within the brain–gut–microbiome (BGM) system play a central role. Normal eating behavior is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal, extraintestinal and central homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms, resulting in stable body weight. The ubiquitous availability and marketing of inexpensive, highly palatable and calorie-dense food has played a crucial role in shifting this balance towards hedonic eating through both central (disruptions in dopaminergic signaling) and intestinal (vagal afferent function, metabolic toxemia, systemic immune activation, changes to gut microbiome and metabolome) mechanisms. The balance between homeostatic and hedonic eating behaviors is not only influenced by the amount and composition of the diet, but also by the timing and rhythmicity of food ingestion. Circadian rhythmicity affects both eating behavior and multiple gut functions, as well as the composition and interactions of the microbiome with the gut. Profound preclinical effects of intermittent fasting and time restricted eating on the gut microbiome and on host metabolism, mostly demonstrated in animal models and in a limited number of controlled human trials, have been reported. In this Review, we will discuss the effects of time-restricted eating on the BGM and review the promising effects of this eating pattern in obesity treatment.
Robotics narratives and networks: Conceptual foundations for a non-linear digital archive

This paper introduces the conceptual foundations and motivation for creating a digital archive to display developments in the field of robotics over the past 50 years. The archive is meant to represent robotics as an evolving “ecology of knowledge” (Akera, 2007b) and contains interviews with robotics researchers accompanied by other related documents, such as videos, photos, and online resources, and by visualizations of bibliometric analyses of co-authorship ties, citation networks, common keywords and concepts, etc. Rather than representing a unified and unilinear view of “the history” of robotics, the archive is designed to allow users to explore and navigate the available materials guided by their own interests, thereby constructing multiple narratives about robotics. We describe the project as involving multiple “memory practices” (Bowker, 2005): robotics “pioneers” narrating their lived experiences in the field, publications that inscribe the results and practices of scientific research, social scientists collecting and presenting these materials to further understand scientific practice, and users from the public navigating the archive to develop their own understandings of robotics over the years. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of new information technologies such as digital archives for memory practices in science studies and the sciences.