cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive Therapy for Spinal Cord Protection During Thoracoabdomina Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Paraplegia, resulting from spinal cord ischemia during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm RAN repair, continues to be a devastating complication. The incidence of neurological complications, including paraplegia and paraparesis following TAA repair, ranges from 4% to 32% and averages 13% for nondissecting TAA and higher for dissecting TAX Our current understanding of spinal cord ischemia associated with TAA repair has evolved from animal research and clinical experience. The pathophysiology of spinal cord ischemia is intricately related to three physiological variables. These include the severity and duration of spinal cord ischemia, neuronal reperfusion after reestablishment of spinal cord blood flow, and the neuronal metabolic rate during the ischemic insult. We have developed a multimodality approach to the prevention of neurological deficits, during and after TAA repair, which includes minimizing the severity of spinal cord ischemia, reducing the anticipated reperfusion phenomenon, and lowering the spinal cord metabolic rate. Over the past 16 years, the senior author has undertaken surgical repair of 265 TAAs using a multimodality approach in the protection of spinal cord integrity. In our experience, a combination of adjunctive therapies is critical to minimize the ischemic interval, reduce the neuronal reperfusion injury, and decrease spinal cord metabolism. These techniques have evolved over time, resulting in an overall neurological deficit rate of 4.5% and a neurological deficit, at the time of hospital discharge of 1.9%. This article will outline our multimodality approach for spinal cord protection during TAA repair.
Prevalence and patterns of “dual diagnosis” among psychiatric inpatients

Studies of patients admitted to public mental hospitals have consistently found high rates of comorbid substance use disorders. We sought a better understanding of this comorbidity among psychiatric inpatients, in particular differentiating two groups of "dual diagnosis" patients, (1) those with independent mental disorders complicated by substance use disorders, and (2) those with psychoactive substance use disorder-induced organic mental disorders (PSUD-induced OMD). The diagnoses of 435 consecutively admitted inpatients from an inner-city catchment area were ascertained with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1987 Inpatient Version [SCID-P]), modified to describe more accurately the relationships between psychiatric syndromes and substance use. More than half (55.9%) of these psychiatric patients had current substance use disorders. Over half (53.6%) of these "dually diagnosed" patients had no lifetime history of an independent mental disorder, but rather had psychiatric syndromes related to psychoactive substance use. The dual diagnosis subgroups differed on treatment history, principal psychiatric diagnoses, and the types of substances used. The results underscore the heterogeneity of dual diagnosis patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals and the potential importance of differentiating among these subgroups.
Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in patients undergoing endoscopy: evidence for an asymptomatic carrier state

Purpose We sought to determine the presence of the parasite cryptosporidium in the duodenal aspirates of patients undergoing routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients and methods The study consisted of 169 patients undergoing upper endoscopy or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Immunocompromised patients were not included in the study population. Samples were aspirated from the second portion of the duodenum. Biopsy specimens were also obtained. Three randomly passed stool samples were obtained from 75% of the patients who were found to have cryptosporidium in the duodenum. Results Overall, cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in 12.7% of patients. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of the parasite in any subgroup of procedure or symptom complex. Half of those (46.7%) with positive aspirates had demonstrable cryptosporidium in stool samples, although none of the patients had diarrhea. No patient had detectable cryptosporidium in biopsy samples of the duodenum. Conclusion The findings suggest a surprisingly high asymptomatic carrier rate for cryptosporidium.
Ex Vivo Expansion and Activation of Cord Blood Antigen Presenting and Immune Effector Cells

Ex Vivo Expansion and Activation of Cord Blood Antigen Presenting and Immune Effector Cells
Over-expression of a tobacco nitrate reductase gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) increases seed protein content and weight without augmenting nitrogen supplying.

Heavy nitrogen (N) application to gain higher yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resulted in increased production cost and environment pollution. How to diminish the N supply without losing yield and/or quality remains a challenge. To meet the challenge, we integrated and expressed a tobacco nitrate reductase gene (NR) in transgenic wheat. The 35S-NR gene was transferred into two winter cultivars, “Nongda146” and “Jimai6358”, by Agrobacterium-mediation. Over-expression of the transgene remarkably enhanced T1 foliar NR activity and significantly augmented T2 seed protein content and 1000-grain weight in 63.8% and 68.1% of T1 offspring (total 67 individuals analyzed), respectively. Our results suggest that constitutive expression of foreign nitrate reductase gene(s) in wheat might improve nitrogen use efficiency and thus make it possible to increase seed protein content and weight without augmenting N supplying.
Critical speeds and the response of a tensioned beam on an elastic foundation to repetitive moving loads

A finite-length tensioned beam on a damped elastic foundation is acted upon by an infinite series of equally spaced and steadily moving concentrated transverse loads. The deflection response of the beam is obtained by an expansion in terms of the normal modes of vibration. Numerical results are determined for various values of the load-spacing, beam tension, foundation stiffness and damping, and for a range of load-speeds. It is found that the critical velocities for repetitive loading exist at significantly lower speeds than would be expected based upon the well-known critical speed for a single moving load. An interpretation in terms of forced vibration response is given.
Cross talk between synaptic receptors mediates NMDA-induced suppression of inhibition.

Past research has shown that calcium influx through NMDA receptors (NMDARs) depresses GABAA currents. We examined upstream triggers of this suppression, including involvement of target synaptic GAB...
Rapid Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis by Antigen Detection

affected by prior antimicrobial therapy, which is given liberally in pediatric outpatient settings. Detection of a specific bacterial antigen may be the only means of confirming a suspected diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The purpose of this article is to review the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods that are commercially available.
Genital lentigines in a 6-year-old boy with a family history of Cowden's disease: clinical and genetic evidence of the linkage between Bannayan-Riley-Ruvacalba syndrome and Cowden's disease.

Sommaire Antecedents: En 1997, Arch et ses collaborateurs ont ete les premiers a rapporter la deletion du gene PTEN mutation genetique frequemment observee dans la maladie de Cowden, chez un patient atteint de la maladie de Bannayan-Riley-Ruvacalba, indiquant que les deux maladies sont alleliques. Toutefois, le chevauchement clinique entre les deux maladies est demeure en grande partie inexplique. Objectifs: Continuer le lien sur les plans genetique et clinique entre la maladie de Cowden et la maladie de Bannayan-Riley-Ruvacalba dans une famille ou les deux maladies coexistent. Methodes: Evaluation clinique et analyse genetique par electrophorese sur gel-SDS, temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE) et techniques de sequencage de l'ADN.Resultats: Notre patient presente des signes cliniques caracteristiques de la maladie de Bannayan-Riley-Ruvacalba, y compris la presence de lentigines multiples sur le penis, alors que sa mere presente des signes caracteristiques de la maladie de Cowden, y compris de multiples lesions malignes. Les analyses genetiques des leucocytes du patient et de ceux de sa mere ont montre une mutation dans le gene Exon 8 qui a ete identifiee comme la mutation par troncation R335X probable. Conclusion: Ce rapport fournit des donnees cliniques a l'effet que la maladie de Bannayan-Riley-Ruvacalba et la maladie de Cowden sont etroitement liees et confirme la mutation du gene PTEN chez les membres d'une meme famille ou les deux genodermatoses coexistent, confirmant ainsi leur liaison genetique.
A numerical model of channel inception on submarine fans

The most common type of submarine fan is created by the passage of a succession of depositional turbidity currents. It is thus of interest to note that even in this essentially depositional environment the fan surface is often intensely channelized. Here a two-dimensional numerical model describing the formation of a submarine fan by a spreading turbidity current is presented. Layer-averaged governing equations describing the turbidity current are presented and solved numerically in conjunction with the Exner equation of bed sediment continuity. The formulation describes fan evolution from an initially flat surface. The bed is allowed to evolve in response to the exchange of sediment with the turbidity current by means of simultaneous erosion and deposition of suspended sediment. The upstream boundary condition is chosen so as to approximate a submarine canyon debouching upon the fan. Under some but not all conditions the early stage of the depositional process is accompanied by the formation of incipient natural levees that act to partially channelize the flow, indicating the formation of a channel-levee system. Dimensionless parameters are used to describe conditions for optimal channelization. The model can explain some of the basic mechanisms that account for the persistent tendency for channelization of the fan surface under a wide range of conditions.
Inelastic Scattering of Protons from B 10 between 5 and 16.5 MeV

Angular distributions for inelastically scattered protons leading to the 0.717-, 1.74-, 2.15-, 3.59-, 4.77-, and 6.04-MeV states in ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$ were measured in 300-keV steps between 5 and 12 MeV and in 500-keV steps from 12 to 16 MeV. Yield curves for protons feeding these states were measured in 100-keV steps from 5 to 16 MeV at five angles. Resonance structures in the region $5\ensuremath{\le}{E}_{p}\ensuremath{\le}10$ MeV were observed in the yield curves. The observed cross section for formation of the 6.04-MeV state was five times that for any of the lower-lying levels. A weak correspondence between the total cross section for formation of these states and its radiative-decay width $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(E2)$ is noted. The experimental differential cross sections are compared with distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations. While the calculations are not in quantitative agreement with the experimental cross sections, some conclusions can be drawn from their qualitative similarities.
Cell-type-specific crosstalk between p38 MAPK and Rho signaling in lung micro- and macrovascular barrier dysfunction induced by Staphylococcus aureus-derived pathogens

Lung inflammation and alterations in endothelial cell (EC) micro- and macrovascular permeability are key events to development of acute lung injury. Using ECs derived from human pulmonary artery and lung microvasculature, we investigated the interplay between p38 stress mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Rho guanosine triphosphatase signaling in inflammatory and hyperpermeability responses. Both cell types were treated with Staphylococcus aureus-derived peptidoglycan (PepG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) with or without pretreatment with p38 MAPK or Rho kinase inhibitors. LTA and PepG increased permeability markedly in both pulmonary macrovascular and microvascular ECs. Agonist-induced hyperpermeability was accompanied by cytoskeletal remodeling, disruption of cell-cell contacts, formation of paracellular gaps, and activation of p38 MAPK, nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB), and Rho/Rho kinase signaling. In macrovascular ECs, pharmacologic inhibition of Rho kinase with Y27632 suppressed p38 MAP kinase cascade activation significantly, whereas inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 had no effect on Rho activation. In contrast, inhibition of p38 MAPK in microvascular ECs suppressed LTA/PepG-induced activation of Rho, whereas the Rho inhibitor suppressed activation of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of either p38 MAPK or Rho kinase attenuated activation of NFκB signaling substantially. These results demonstrate cell-type-specific differences in signaling induced by Staphylococcus aureus-derived pathogens in pulmonary endothelium. Thus, although Gram-positive bacterial compounds caused barrier dysfunction in both EC types, it was induced by a different pattern of crosstalk between Rho, p38 MAPK, and NFκB signaling. These observations may have important implications in defining microvasculature-specific therapeutic strategies aimed at the treatment of sepsis and acute lung injury induced by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
Leptin expression by annulus cells in the human intervertebral disc.

Abstract Background context It is now known that leptin acts not only as a metabolic signal related to energy homeostasis but also as an endocrine hormone regulating traditional endocrine systems and neuroendocrine function in various cells. It participates in bone remodeling and acts as a growth factor stimulating proliferation. Expression of leptin and the presence of leptin receptors have not been explored in disc tissue. Purpose To determine (1) whether leptin is produced by cells in the human annulus in vivo, (2) whether annulus cells have leptin receptors in vivo and in vitro, and (3) whether measurable amounts of leptin are produced during three-dimensional culture of human annulus cells. Study design/setting Studies were approved by the human subjects Institutional Review Board. Surgical and donor disc tissue was obtained and assessed by using immunocytochemistry of paraffin-embedded disc tissue. Annulus cells were also cultured from disc specimens and conditioned media assessed for the production of leptin during three-dimensional culture. Patient sample Disc tissue was examined from 7 young subjects and 29 adult subjects. Outcome measures Immunodetection of leptin and leptin receptors in cells of the human annulus; conditioned media was analyzed for production of leptin in vitro by human disc cells. Methods Human annulus tissue and cultured cells were examined by using immunohistochemical methods to identify the presence of leptin and leptin receptors. Human disc cells were assayed for leptin production in three-dimensional culture. Results Immunocytochemistry showed the presence of intracellular leptin and the presence of leptin receptors in some (but not all) annulus cells in the human disc. Production of leptin by annulus cells was further confirmed by assays of conditioned media from three-dimensional annulus cell culture. Conclusions These novel studies identify the presence of a heretofore unrecognized cytokine/hormone and its receptor in human annulus cells. Because of the mitogenic role of leptin in other tissues, the present work points to the importance of future studies to explore whether leptin has a mitogenic function in maintaining disc cell numbers.
Combining labeled and unlabeled data for text classification with a large number of categories

We develop a framework to incorporate unlabeled data in the error-correcting output coding (ECOC) setup by decomposing multiclass problems into multiple binary problems and then use co-training to learn the individual binary classification problems. We show that our method is especially useful for classification tasks involving a large number of categories where co-training doesn't perform very well by itself and when combined with ECOC, outperforms several other algorithms that combine labeled and unlabeled data for text classification in terms of accuracy, precision-recall tradeoff, and efficiency.
Vignette of “Jorge”

Ted and Beth were childless and in their late 30s when they decided to adopt. Beth had postponed pregnancy, determined to earn an advanced degree in linguistics, to build her academic career in foreign languages, and to extend her networking possibilities as a translator. Ted transitioned to a job as an athletics coach after achieving his bachelor’s in English literature, not his original aspiration, but rewarding enough in his early career. With local downsizing of the public school, he was compelled to search for new opportunity and eventually landed a job with a landscaping firm. Recently business was slow, but at least the family would not have to move. Over 10 years of marriage without dependents, Ted and Beth were financially secure with their combined salaries and were comfortable with the monthly bills. The Smiths were also happy as a couple, though Beth was aware of Ted’s wish for a child and his effort at “not bringing up the subject.” Generally they handled the subject with the unwritten rule of “avoiding the subject” or at least maintaining a courteous consideration of each other’s feelings. They often reflected that they were lucky as a couple, sharing, for example, their enjoyment of a rural town and many of the same friends from childhood.
Effect of nebulized lidocaine on severe glucocorticoid-dependent asthma.

Objective To determine whether nebulized lidocaine is a useful therapy in patients with severe glucocorticoid-dependent asthma. Design We prospectively conducted an open study of the effects of administration of nebulized lidocaine four times daily in 20 patients with asthma who had side effects of exogenous hypercortisolism. Material and Methods The 18 women and 2 men, who were 19 to 71 years of age, all had severe asthma that necessitated both topical and systemic administration of glucocorticoids to control symptoms of airflow obstruction. Treatment consisted of nebulized lidocaine, 40 to 160 mg four times daily. Inixtially, all topical and systemic glucocorticiod regimens were maintained; if peak flow rates remained stable and symptoms of asthma were well controlled, orally administered glucocorticiod regimens were slowly reduced. Results Thirteen patients were able to discontinue oral use of glucocorticoids entirely, despite prolonged glucocorticiod dependence (mean 6.6 years and median 3 years for the 20 patients); 4 achieved reduction in their daily glucocorticiod requirement while maintaining control of symptoms of asthma (duration of glucocorticiod dependence for responders, mean 6.2 years and median 3.2 years). Three patients had no apparent response, as determined by their continued severe asthma symptoms and inability to reduce oral glucocorticiod requirements. Conclusion These results suggest that nebulized lidocaine is a useful therapy for chronic asthma, allowing reduction or elimination of oral glucocorticiod therapy.
Stabilization with decentralized feedback control

A constructive procedure is developed for stabilizing the linear recursion equation y_{i+1} = y_{i} + Au_{i} with decentralized feedback control.
Daily variation in radiosensitivity of circulating blood cells and bone marrow cellularity of mice

Random bred, nocturnal, male Mus musculus (DUB-ICR), on a 12/12 light/dark cycle with lights on at 6 a.m., were exposed to 100 R or 200 R of X-radiation at either noon or midnight to study diurnal radiosensitivity in circulating blood cells and bone marrow cellularity. Hematocrits, reticulocyte and white blood cell counts, daily white blood cell rhythm, and bone marrow cellularity indicate that these mice are more radiosensitive at night. At low doses it is possible that diurnal rhythms in natural, biological radioprotectors such as corticosterone may have more influence on radiation sensitivity than mitotic activity.
Stand-Alone Personalized Normative Feedback for College Student Drinkers: A Meta-Analytic Review, 2004 to 2014

BACKGROUND: Norms clarification has been identified as an effective component of college student drinking interventions, prompting research on norms clarification as a single-component intervention known as Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF). Previous reviews have examined PNF in combination with other components but not as a stand-alone intervention. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the degree to which computer-delivered stand-alone personalized normative feedback interventions reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms among college students and to compare gender-neutral and gender-specific PNF. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases were searched systematically through November 2014. Reference lists were reviewed manually and forward and backward searches were conducted. SELECTION CRITERIA: Outcome studies that compared computer-delivered, stand-alone PNF intervention with an assessment only, attention-matched, or active treatment control and reported alcohol use and harms among college students. METHODS: Between-group effect sizes were calculated as the standardized mean difference in change scores between treatment and control groups divided by pooled standard deviation. Within-group effect sizes were calculated as the raw mean difference between baseline and follow-up divided by pooled within-groups standard deviation. RESULTS: Eight studies (13 interventions) with a total of 2,050 participants were included. Compared to control participants, students who received gender-neutral (dbetween = 0.291, 95% CI [0.159, 0.423]) and gender-specific PNF (dbetween = 0.284, 95% CI [0.117, 0.451]) reported greater reductions in drinking from baseline to follow-up. Students who received gender-neutral PNF reported 3.027 (95% CI [2.171, 3.882]) fewer drinks per week at first follow-up and gender-specific PNF reported 3.089 (95% CI [0.992, 5.186]) fewer drinks. Intervention effects were small for harms (dbetween = 0.157, 95% CI [0.037, 0.278]). CONCLUSIONS: Computer-delivered PNF is an effective stand-alone approach for reducing college student drinking and has a small impact on alcohol-related harms. Effects are small but clinically relevant when considered from a public health perspective. Additional research is needed to examine computer-delivered, stand-alone PNF as a population-level prevention program. Language: en
Generalized Processor-Memory Bandwidth Analysis For Fully Shared-Memory Multiprocessors

Effective bandwidths of crossbar and multiple bus interconnections applied for shared-memory multiprocessors are analyzed. The analysis uses general access patterns among processors and memories. Band- width functions of the interconnections are mathematically proven in creasing with respect to the number of buses and memory access rates. The minimum bandwidth is obtained when uniform access is assumed, and the maximum when memory references are concentrated to one memory module for each processor. Even if some of the access probabilities are given fixed, the minimum and maximum are similarly found when the remaining access probabilities are equal and concentrated, respectively.
Defensive Mothering in HIV-Positive Mothers

The grounded theory study discussed in this article provides an explanatory schema that illuminates the mothering experiences of women living with HIV infection. Eighteen HIV-positive mothers provided 24 in-depth interviews. The grounded theory method was used for data analysis. Defensive mothering was the basic social psychological process that these HIV-positive mothers used in response to their diagnosis and the inherent stigma. Their defensive posture afforded these mothers and their children some degree of psychological protection. Defensive mothering involved much mental work and included three subprocesses: preventing the spread of HIV, preparing the children for a motherless future, and protecting themselves through thought control.
Extremely sub-wavelength negative index metamaterial

We present an extremely sub-wavelength negative index metamaterial structure operating at radio frequency. The unit cell of the metamaterial consists of planar spiral and meandering wire structures separated by dielectric substrate. The ratio of the free space wavelength to unit cell size in the propagation direction is record breaking 1733 around the resonance frequency. The proposed metamaterial also possesses the most extreme refractive index of −109 that has been recorded to date. Underlying magnetic and electric response originate from the spiral and meandering wire, respectively. We show that the meandering wire is the key element to improve the transparency of the negative index metamaterial.
Fluorescent plaque assay of rubella virus infectivity.

SummaryPlaques of rubella virus infected cells demonstrating granular, cytopathic fluorescence were counted in RK13 cell cultures fixed 72 hr after infection. There was a linear relationship between virus concentration and fluorescent plaque count. Counts on replicate cultures have demonstrated that the technique is very precise. The sensitivity of the fluorescent plaque assay was equal to that of the conventional GMK-interference titration method.
Liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) of food surfaces employing chip‐based nano‐electrospray mass spectrometry

An automated surface-sampling technique called liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA), coupled with infusion nano-electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), is described and applied to the qualitative determination of surface chemical residues resulting from the artificial spraying of selected fresh fruits and vegetables with representative pesticides. Each of the targeted pesticides was readily detected with both high-resolution and full-scan collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra. In the case of simazine and sevin, a mass resolution of 100 000 was insufficient to distinguish the isobaric protonated molecules for these compounds. When the surface of a spinach leaf was analyzed by LESA, trace levels of diazinon were readily detected on the spinach purchased directly from a supermarket before they were sprayed with the five-pesticide mixture. A 30 s rinse under hot running tap water appeared to quantitatively remove all remaining residues of this pesticide. Diazinon was readily detected by LESA analysis on the skin of the artificially sprayed spinach. Finally, incurred pyrimethanil at a level of 169 ppb in a batch slurry of homogenized apples was analyzed by LESA and this pesticide was readily detected by both high-resolution mass spectrometry and full-scan CID mass spectrometry, thus showing that pesticides may also be detected in whole fruit homogenized samples. This report shows that representative pesticides on fruit and vegetable surfaces present at levels 20-fold below generally allowed EPA tolerance levels are readily detected and confirmed by the title technologies making LESA-MS as interesting screening method for food safety purposes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided endoluminal drainage of the gallbladder

For patients with acute cholecystitis who are not suitable for surgery, endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoluminal drainage of the gallbladder (EUS-GBD) has been developed to overcome the limitations of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage when endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage is not feasible. In the present review we have summarized the studies describing EUS-GBD. Indications, techniques, accessories, endoprostheses, limitations and complications reported in the different studies are discussed. There were 90 documented cases in the literature. The overall reported technical success rate was 87/90 (96.7%). All patients with technical success were clinically successful. A total of 11/90 (12.2%) patients had complications including pneumoperitoneum, bile peritonitis and stent migration. The advantage of EUS-GBD is its ability to provide gallbladder drainage especially in situations where percutaneous or transpapillary drainage is not feasible or is technically challenging. It also provides the option of internal drainage and the ability to carry out therapeutic maneuvers via cholecystoscopy.
Collaborative systems thinking: Uncovering the rules of team-level systems thinking

As the aerospace workforce braces itself for the ‘silver tsunami,’ more emphasis is needed on how to develop systems skills in engineering workforce Research has shown this knowledge is tacit and based in experience. However, with nearly one-third of the industry's employees eligible for retirement, this systems-level knowledge is at risk of being lost. This paper focuses on the team as the unit of analysis and the elements of design process and team culture that foster collaborative systems thinking teams. Eight pilot interviews, ten full case studies and 14 abbreviated case studies were used to explore ‘collaborative systems thinking,’ or team-level systems thinking. From these data a definition of collaborative systems thinking is derived and generalizations about collaborative systems thinking teams are presented.
Fluoride-free synthesis of a Sn-BEA catalyst by dry gel conversion

Sn containing molecular sieves with BEA topology (Sn-BEA) are active Lewis catalysts for a large variety of redox reactions. However, the synthesis of Sn-BEA often requires the use of toxic chemicals (e.g. hydrofluoric acid). In this study, we demonstrated that an active Sn-BEA catalyst can be directly synthesized in a non-fluoride medium via a dry gel conversion method with the aid of seed crystals. It was shown that seeding of zeolite BEA crystals can facilitate crystal growth and lead to BEA topology with framework Sn. Furthermore, it was found that ion-exchange with ammonium ions is indispensable to retain the crystal structure during calcination. The catalytic activity of the Sn-BEA catalyst was evaluated by the isomerization of glucose and reaction of pyruvaldehyde in the aqueous phase, and compared with the conventional hydrophobic Sn-BEA synthesized in a fluoride medium. The catalytic activity of the Sn-BEA synthesized in the absence of fluoride was found to be lower than that of the conventional Sn-BEA for catalyzing the isomerization of glucose in the aqueous phase, which could be attributed to its hydrophilic surface. For the reaction of pyruvaldehyde in the aqueous phase, the Sn-BEA synthesized in this study showed similar activity to the conventional hydrophobic Sn-BEA, indicating that the catalytic activity of Sn-BEA catalysts largely depends on the type of reactions. The current work provides the first example of direct preparation of a Sn-BEA catalyst in a caustic medium.
Developmental Disabilities, Trauma Exposure, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder:

It has been assumed that individuals with developmental disabilities are a group of individuals at greater risk for exposure to abuse and neglect, although there is no evidence documenting a higher prevalence or incidence of trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among those with developmental disabilities. This article distinguishes those biases about the relative vulnerability of individuals with developmental disabilities from facts. This article reviews the current scientific evidence with regard to the rates of trauma exposure among individuals with developmental disabilities, the probable applicability of PTSD among this group, and the scientific basis of clinical assessment. Using the lens of traumatic stress studies, the authors recommend a research agenda and the creation of a empirically formed social policy that does not reinforce stigma but provides accurate, respectful, and necessary protections.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus scrABC, a Novel Operon Affecting Swarming and Capsular Polysaccharide Regulation

Swarming is an adaptation of many bacteria to growth on surfaces. A search for genes controlling swarmer cell differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus identified a novel three-gene operon that potentially encodes a pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzyme, an extracellular solute-binding protein, and a membrane-bound GGDEF- and EAL-motif sensory protein. The functions of these motifs, which are named after conserved amino acid sequences, are unknown, although the domains are found singly and in combination in a variety of bacterial signaling proteins. Studies with translational fusions supported the predicted localization of the gene products. When the operon was overexpressed, swarmer cell gene transcription was induced in liquid culture. Mutants with defects in any of the three genes exhibited decreased swarming and lateral flagellar (laf) gene expression. Complementation studies confirmed an operon organization and suggested that all three genes participated in laf regulation. The lesions that decreased swarming increased capsular polysaccharide (CPS) production, and overexpression of the operon inhibited transcription of the CPS gene cpsA. Thus, the scrABC locus appears to inversely regulate two gene systems that are pertinent to colonization of surface swarming and CPS.
Allowed eta-decay modes and chiral symmetry

Recently, the development of chiral perturbation theory has allowed the generation of rigorous low-energy theorems for various hadronic processes based only on the chiral invariance of the underlying QCD Lagrangian. Such techniques are highly developed and well-tested in the domain of pionic and kaonic reactions. In this note we point out that with the addition of a few additional and reasonable assumptions similar predictive power is available for processes involving the eta meson.
Birthmarks: II. Melanocytic and Epidermal Nevi

—Acquired moles—very rare malignancy during childhood —Congenital moles—10% chance of malignancy —Cafe-au-lait spots—associated with neurofibromatosis, Albright9s syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and temporal lobe dysrhythmias
The genera and species of the subfamily Rhabditinae Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda): a nomenclatorial analysis, including an addendum on the composition of the family Rhabditidae Orley, 1880.

Nine genera, listed on pages 122–128 are recognized in the subfamily Rhabditinae Micoletzky, 1922, in place of three genera recognized by Osche (1952) in his recent revision of the genus Rhabditis Dujardin [1844] (sensu lato). Two of the genera—Pelodera Schneider, 1866 and Rhabditis (sensti stricto)—are subdivided into four and five subgenera respectively. One genus—Brevibucca Goodey, 1985—is accepted only provisionally in the Rhabditinae. The genus Neorhabditis Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1954 (syn. Pararhabditis Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1951; non Baylis and Daubney, 1926) is regarded as not belonging in the Rhabditinae
Abstract 12318: Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patient With Celiac Disease

Background: Inflammation is an established risk factor for Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Celiac Disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Given the nature of the CD, this group could be at high risk for developing AF. We aim to evaluate the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with Celiac disease. Methods: Electronic health records (01/1999 to 09/2013) from 13 different healthcare systems were obtained utilizing a HIPAA-compliant, patient de-identified web application (Explore; ExplorysInc). Among a total of 22, 385,340 patients, 24,530 were diagnosed with CD. The remaining 22,360,810 patients without CD served as the control group. The demographics and comorbidities are abstracted for comparison. Results: There was a significantly higher prevalence of AF among CD compared to those without CD [5.6 % vs. 2.8%, p <0.0001)] with the odds ratio being 2.04 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.2). After excluding the patients with coronary artery disease in both groups, the prevalence of AF was still higher ...
Analysis of the High-Energy Photonucleon Emission from O 16 and C 12 in a Direct Reaction Model

High-energy photonucleon emission probabilities in ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ have been studied by (a) the standard direct-emission model and (b) the standard direct-emission model modified to incorporate the ground-state correlation. The calculation has been made for the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} differential cross section, integrated cross section, angular distributions at a few energies, and 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} polarization. Inclusion of the ground-state correlation improves the agreement between the theoretical results and the observations. This, along with the sensitivity of the absolute magnitude of the photonucleon cross section to the extent of the correlation, may be exploited to study the composition of the wave functions of the target and the residual nucleus.
Dielectrophoretic lab-on-CMOS platform for trapping and manipulation of cells

Trapping and manipulation of cells are essential operations in numerous studies in biology and life sciences. We discuss the realization of a Lab-on-a-Chip platform for dielectrophoretic trapping and repositioning of cells and microorganisms on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, which we define here as Lab-on-CMOS (LoC). The LoC platform is based on dielectrophoresis (DEP) which is the force experienced by any dielectric particle including biological entities in non-uniform AC electrical field. DEP force depends on the permittivity of the cells, its size and shape and also on the permittivity of the medium and therefore it enables selective targeting of cells based on their phenotype. In this paper, we address an important matter that of electrode design for DEP for which we propose a three-dimensional (3D) octapole geometry to create highly confined electric fields for trapping and manipulation of cells. Conventional DEP-based platforms are implemented stand-alone on glass, silicon or polymers connected to external infrastructure for electronics and optics, making it bulky and expensive. In this paper, the use of CMOS as a platform provides a pathway to truly miniaturized lab-on-CMOS or LoC platform, where DEP electrodes are designed using built-in multiple metal layers of the CMOS process for effective trapping of cells, with built-in electronics for in-situ impedance monitoring of the cell position. We present electromagnetic simulation results of DEP force for this unique 3D octapole geometry on CMOS. Experimental results with yeast cells validate the design. These preliminary results indicate the promise of using CMOS technology for truly compact miniaturized lab-on-chip platform for cell biotechnology applications.
Mechanisms of DNA reorganization in bacteria.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanisms of DNA reorganization in bacteria. Many biochemical systems exist precisely for creating new DNA structures. Nucleotide sequences in DNA molecules constitute one of the main systems for information storage in living cells. As organisms encounter varying external environments and create new internal environments for their cells, they often need to change the stored information. Biochemical components involved in the genetic change include all the activities involved in the creation of a transposable resistance determinant and its transposition to a transmissible plasmid, the activities required for plasmid replication and segregation, and the activities required for conjugal plasmid transfer of specific proteins and cell structural components. Many proteins active on DNA either do not catalyze specific chemical reactions or do not show turnover but rather function in a stoichiometric manner. The absence of turnover facilitates the control of DNA reorganizations because they can be restricted to a few reactions by limiting the amount of the proteins involved. Proteins, which act enzymatically might carry on repeated DNA reorganizations.
Radiologist, obstetric patient, and emergency department provider survey: radiologist-patient interaction in the emergency department setting.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptance of a model of direct interaction between radiologist and patients in the emergency department (ED) setting. The study population was comprised of pregnant patients accrued in a non-consecutive prospective manner from June 2014 to September 2015, who had an obstetrical ultrasound performed in the radiology department of an inner-city tertiary care hospital at the request of the ED. The feasibility and approval of direct communication between radiologist and patient were evaluated by means of a questionnaire presented by an independent observer to the ED provider, patient, and radiologist. The exam enrolled 54 patients. Ultrasound (US) exam results were divided into (31) normal live intrauterine gestation (group 1), (7) abnormal failed intrauterine gestation or ectopic pregnancy (group 2), and (16) indeterminate pregnancies that could not be placed in the former categories and may require a follow-up exam (group 3). Forty-five (83 %) ED providers approved of the radiologist’s direct communication with patients. Fifty (93 %) patients stated a better understanding of the radiologist’s role in their care after than before the interaction. The radiologists found the interaction with patients to be positive in 52 (96 %) cases. Direct communication between radiologist and patient yielded a good acceptance by the radiologist, ED provider, and patient. More importantly, after the encounter, the vast majority of patients reported a better understanding of the radiologist’s role in their care.
Cost-effectiveness of rasburicase over i.v. allopurinol for treatment of tumor lysis syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a metabolic complication associated with malignancy that can lead to profound morbidity and mortality if left untreated. In TLS, uric acid and calcium phosphate crystals accumulate and ultimately precipitate in the renal tubules, leading to the most serious and costly
Defining Terms and Evaluating Abstinence-Only Education Programs: Politics and Practice

(2003). Defining Terms and Evaluating Abstinence-Only Education Programs: Politics and Practice. American Journal of Health Education: Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 361-365.
Analysis and Progress in Treatment of Furfural Wastewater

Furfural products,which are the deep processing products of corns,are high-efficiency and high-value chemicals.But the produced waste water is an organic wastewater to be difficultly treated.In this paper,the technologies for treatment of the wastewater,including anaerobic bacteria,phase-transfer,physio-chemistry plus biochemistry and double-effect evaporation process,were reviewed.Principle,advantage,economy and application of these treatment processes were analyzed as well as their de-velopment trend.
Managing Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Elderly

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease of the elderly, with the majority of patients diagnosed in their 6th and 7th decade of life. Older patients with AML are less likely to achieve complete remission after induction chemotherapy, and they suffer from higher rates of leukemia relapse compared to younger cohorts. Suboptimal outcomes are the result of adverse biologic characteristics of leukemia in the elderly, as well as the presence of medical comorbidities and patient or physician preferences as to initiating treatment. In addition, there is a distinct lack of randomized, prospective data to guide management decisions for the treatment of AML in the elderly. Patients who are over age 75, with poor performance status, multiple comorbidities, or poor prognostic features, should be considered for a clinical trial or palliative therapy. Elderly patients who are candidates for standard induction chemotherapy and achieve complete remission are unlikely to benefit from intensive postremission therapy and should be referred to a clinical trial when possible. Further prospective trials are needed to identify a tolerable, effective treatment regimen for older patients with AML.
The potential relevance of growth hormone to female reproductive physiology and pathophysiology

Objective To assess possible interfacing between the somatotrophic and reproductive axes. Design Literature review. Main Outcome Measures Ovarian growth hormone reception and action. Results The available literature strongly supports a permissive role for the somatotrophic axis in the reproductive process. Conclusions Although a role for growth hormone in reproductive biology appears highly likely, its relevance to the process of puberty and to the normal workings of the menstrual cycle, as well as its possible application in reproductive pathology must await further investigation.
Crystallization Pathway for Metastable Hexagonal Close-Packed Gold in Germanium Nanowire Catalysts

The recent discovery of hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) Au nanoparticles, crystallized at the tips of Ge nanowires following vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth, prompts interest in the mechanism of metastable phase formation in the Au catalyst. The equilibrium structure of Au is face-centered cubic, and observation of hexagonal close-packing in Au is very rare. Here we report on eutectic melting of Au nanocatalysts in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), followed by rapid quenching, and subsequent in situ annealing at intermediate temperatures. A metastable hexagonal Au–Ge alloy phase solidifies during quenching of the Au–Ge liquid in the TEM, and it is a likely precursor to formation of metastable hcp Au during nanowire post-VLS cooling. A novel aspect of the hcp Au phase formation is the rejection of quenched-in Ge from the alloy during low-temperature in situ TEM annealing, while maintaining the metastable hcp crystal structure, indicating that this is the likely pathway for hcp formation following na...
LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION WITH AND WITHOUT FOCAL IMPULSE AND ROTOR MODULATION (FIRM) MAPPING: RESULTS FROM A META-ANALYSIS

Background: This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the outcome of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with and without FIRM ablation. Methods: An extensive literature search was performed for studies reporting ≥ 1 year outcome of PVI alone and PVI+FIRM procedures. Meta-analytic estimates were
Imaging of Acute Obstetric Disorders

The aims of a first-trimester ultrasound study include localization of the gestational sac, detection of embryonic demise, detection of multiple pregnancies, and confirmation of gestational age. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and American College of Radiology do not recommend routine ultrasound screening in the first trimester of pregnancy. Typically the endovaginal probes used for assessment of first trimester of pregnancy give more information than transabdominal probes and are typically 5–7.5 MHz. Transabdominal probes used in first trimester are often 3.5–5 MHz.
In Memoriam: Dorothy Sears Ainsworth

(1977). In Memoriam: Dorothy Sears Ainsworth. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 44-45.