cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of residual host cell DNA in protaminesulfate drug product by qPCR.

Abstract Protamine sulfate (PS) is an FDA approved drug used to reverse heparin-induced anticoagulation in patients. Protamine sulfate is a mixture of primarily four ∼4 kDa arginine-rich cationic polypeptide chains derived from chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon sperm. Because the presence of residual host cell salmon DNA (resDNA) in PS drug product can pose safety concerns, processing steps during PS manufacturing are designed to target the reduction of these impurities. However, given protamine’s positively charged structure, isolating and measuring negatively charged residual DNA is challenging. Here, the development of a sensitive detection method using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for a multicopy gene (5S ribosomal DNA) using custom-designed primers and TaqMan probes is described. The PS qPCR standard curve was accurate over a linear range of 0.0025–156.25 pg/μL using protease-digested research grade salmon sperm DNA (neat) as the reference standard. DNA present in PS drug products was extracted using an optimized two-hour procedure achieving ∼85% recovery values from 1 to 125 pg reference DNA spiked into PS (1 mg) samples. The procedure lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 5 pg of DNA per mg of PS or 250 pg of DNA per 50 mg dose of PS was determined from DNA spike recovery curves using the acceptance criteria of 70–130% recovery with % CV ≤ 25%. Seven pharmaceutical-grade lots of PS were evaluated and the detectable amount of resDNA was below the LLOQ. This qPCR method demonstrated sensitivity 40-fold above the current guidelines for resDNA (10 ng DNA per dose). Overall, the approach offers a promising tool for monitoring resDNA in PS and potentially other challenging complex drug products with cationic character.
Comprehensive Design and Control of Electric Powertrain Evaluation Platform for Next Generation EV/HEV Development

Electric powertrain or power control unit, which is the integral part of the EV/HEV, is consisting of the high voltage battery, DC/DC converter, inverter, and electric motor. To evaluate the powertrain performance is a crucial stage for its development. In this paper, a peak 150-kW powertrain evaluation system with 2006 Toyota Prius as the evaluated target is designed along with its control technique being elaborated. This system is constructed as grid-connected back-to-back inverters driving a 55kW IPM machine to work as the load to the Prius’s powertrain. Operation modes of the system and the data collection are presented in the end. Overall, this platform extends an energy-saving solution for powertrain evaluation with the capability of sending the energy from the evaluated vehicle back to the grid compared to traditional dyno system which only dumps the power a passive load.
Sympatry or syntopy? Investigating drivers of distribution and co-occurrence for two imperiled sea turtle species in Gulf of Mexico neritic waters.

Animals co-occurring in a region (sympatry) may use the same habitat (syntopy) within that region. A central aim in ecology is determining what factors drive species distributions (i.e., abiotic conditions, dispersal limitations, and/or biotic interactions). Assessing the degree of biotic interactions can be difficult for species with wide ranges at sea. This study investigated the spatial ecology of two sea turtle species that forage on benthic invertebrates in neritic GoM waters: Kemp's ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerheads (Caretta caretta). We used satellite tracking and modeled behavioral modes, then calculated individual home ranges, compared foraging areas, and determined extent of co-occurrence. Using six environmental variables and principal component analysis, we assessed similarity of chosen foraging sites. We predicted foraging location (eco-region) based on species, nesting site, and turtle size. For 127 turtles (64 Kemp's ridleys, 63 loggerheads) tracked from 1989 to 2013, foraging home ranges were nine to ten times larger for Kemp's ridleys than for loggerheads. Species intersected off all U.S. coasts and the Yucatan Peninsula, but co-occurrence areas were small compared to species' distributions. Kemp's ridley foraging home ranges were concentrated in the northern GoM, whereas those for loggerheads were concentrated in the eastern GoM. The two species were different in all habitat variables compared (latitude, longitude, distance to shore, net primary production, mean sea surface temperature, and bathymetry). Nesting site was the single dominant variable that dictated foraging ecoregion. Although Kemp's ridleys and loggerheads may compete for resources, the separation in foraging areas, significant differences in environmental conditions, and importance of nesting location on ecoregion selection (i.e., dispersal ability) indicate that adult females of these species do not interact greatly during foraging and that dispersal and environmental factors more strongly determine their distributions. These species show sympatry in this region but evidence for syntopy was rare.
Demedicalizing the Aftermath of Sexual Assault: Toward a Radical Humanistic Approach:

An entrenched assumption in the mental health field is that if left “untreated” the aftermath of sexual assault will inevitably lead to some diagnosable form of emotional distress. This assumption ...
An N-terminal Flag-tag impairs TPP1 regulation of telomerase function.

The shelterin protein complex protects natural chromosome ends from being recognized as DNA damage sites and also regulates the synthesis of telomeric repeats by telomerase. TPP1, a shelterin subunit that is essential for telomerase extension of telomeres, has been studied intensively in recent years. Many such studies utilize epitope tagged TPP1, but it is unclear how the tags may affect the multiple cellular functions of TPP1. Here we analyzed the effect of adding a 3x Flag epitope tag to the N- or C-terminus of TPP1. While the position of the tag did not affect TPP1's interaction within the shelterin complex or its localization to telomeres, the N-terminal Flag tag on TPP1 impaired telomerase function, resulting in reduced telomerase processivity in vitro and a failure to stimulate telomere elongation in vivo. The C-terminally Flag-tagged TPP1, in contrast, behaved similarly to untagged TPP1 in all functional aspects examined. These findings suggest that caution is required when utilizing epitope tagged TPP1 to study its regulation of telomerase function.
The Biology of Colorectal Liver Metastases

Despite advances in the detection, surgical care, and systemic treatment of colorectal cancer, many patients develop metastatic disease. Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortality and continues to be a major challenge for clinicians and scientists. Developing earlier detection methods and more effective therapies requires understanding the complex mechanisms that drive colorectal cancer liver metastasis biology. However, due to the limitations of current experimental models and enormous biologic complexity associated with metastatic progression, our understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and cellular interactions in the native and host microenvironments is in its initial stages. In this chapter, the stages of colorectal cancer liver metastasis are presented and highlighted by our current mechanistic understanding of metastasis biology.
Performance evaluation of two optical architectures for task-specific compressive classification

Many optical systems are used for specific tasks such as classification. Of these systems, the majority are designed to maximize image quality for human observers. However, machine learning classification algorithms do not require the same data representation used by humans. We investigate the compressive optical systems optimized for a specific machine sensing task. Two compressive optical architectures are examined: an array of prisms and neutral density filters where each prism and neutral density filter pair realizes one datum from an optimized compressive sensing matrix, and another architecture using conventional optics to image the aperture onto the detector, a prism array to divide the aperture, and a pixelated attenuation mask in the intermediate image plane. We discuss the design, simulation, and trade-offs of these systems built for compressed classification of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset. Both architectures achieve classification accuracies within 3% of the optimized sensing matrix for compression ranging from 98.85% to 99.87%. The performance of the systems with 98.85% compression were between an F / 2 and F / 4 imaging system in the presence of noise.
Overall survival of primary glioblastoma (GBM) patients (pts) receiving carmustine (BCNU) wafers followed by radiation (RT) and concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) plus rotational multi-agent chemotherapy

2070 Background: Treatment of pts with primary GBM using BCNU wafer implantation at initial surgery (Westphal, 2003) as well as the administration of TMZ concurrently and after RT (Stupp, 2005) hav...
A comparison of In-Person, Synchronous and Asynchronous Telepsychiatry: Skills/Competencies, Teamwork, and Administrative Workflow

Research is increasing on the use of asynchronous technologies like e-mail, text, e-consultation, and asynchronous telepsychiatry by primary care and specialist clinicians. Clinicians need measurable skills, knowledge, and attitudes for these technologies to ensure quality care outcomes. This narrative review used a literature search of Medline, American Psychological Association PsycNET, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science, using subject headings and keywords along with a manual search of reference lists of articles published by December 2019. Articles were included if they discussed and compared asynchronous technologies (e.g., asynchronous telepsychiatry), synchronous telepsychiatric (video including telemental and telebehavioral health), and in-person care. The review compares approaches, effectiveness, skills, and outcomes of these three modes of service delivery in behavioral health and primary care, since those clinicians interface with these technologies. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy and effectiveness of asynchronous technologies in behavioral, or compared them directly to synchronous and in-person care. Publications comparing synchronous telepsychiatry, asynchronous telepsychiatry, and other asynchronous technologies to in-person care focus on the technology used, how to do it, workflow processes, and medico-legal issues, but there is less written about clinical issues like the therapeutic frame, communication, boundaries, and trust. No studies specifically discuss behaviors or competencies for asynchronous care, though telepsychiatric, telebehavioral health, social media, and mobile health competencies have relevant elements. Users of asynchronous technologies (i.e., patients, primary care teams, and psychiatrists) need to adjust clinical skills, work as team members, and integrate technological and administrative factors into workflow. Implications for clinicians, trainees, faculty, administrators, and institutions are discussed. Asynchronous technologies improve access, reduce costs, and compliment other care options. Health systems must appraise how to help individuals and interprofessional participants best interface with a wide range of technologies. This requires adjustments in clinical and administrative workflow. Research in measurable competency sets, implementation, and outcomes is needed.
Comparison of Aging Structures and Life History of a Historical Population of Roundtail Chub (Cyprinidae) in the Yampa River, Colorado

The Gila robusta complex includes 3 large cyprinid species native to the Colorado River drainage. All 3 members of this complex, Humpback Chub G. cypha, Bonytail Chub G. elegans, and Roundtail Chub G. robusta, historically occurred in the Yampa River Canyon of Colorado and Utah. Both Humpback Chub and Bonytail Chub are federally listed as endangered, and the Roundtail Chub is now considered either imperiled or vulnerable to extinction by all state management agencies in the Colorado River basin. In late June or early July of 1998, 1999, 2001, and 2002, we collected Roundtail Chub from the Yampa River in Dinosaur National Monument. Our objectives were to determine the efficacy of scales, opercular bones, and otoliths as aging structures, and to describe age, mortality, growth, and tuberculation patterns relative to reproductive stages. We obtained interpretable annuli for 111 fish by using otoliths, 91 fish by using opercles, and 111 fish by using scales. Otolith annuli showed the least measurement error; scale annuli generally agreed with otolith annuli up to approximately 7–8 years, after which scale annuli consistently underestimated otolith annuli. Opercular annuli closely agreed with otolith annuli up to 10–12 years before underestimating otolith annuli. Based on otoliths, the oldest fish was aged at 22 years, with 7 fish exceeding 15 years. Using a linearized catch-curve, Roundtail Chub had an instantaneous mortality rate of –0.158, corresponding to 85% survivorship. Growth in length was initially high and then declined at older ages. Slopes of mass versus length differed between sexes, and females had a slightly greater body mass per unit length than males for lengths above 398 mm TL. Both sexes have similar ages at first reproduction (5–6 years), and both develop tubercles. The greatest tubercle development occurred in males with maturing or running ripe testes, and in females with maturing ovaries.
Bug-in-the-Ear Training Increases Teachers’ Effective Instruction Delivery and Student Compliance

Many teachers struggle to implement behavioral interventions in the classroom with sufficient treatment integrity. One way to support teachers’ intervention implementation is through bug-in-the-ear (BITE) training, a training format in which a school-based consultant provides teachers real-time prompts and immediate performance feedback as teachers interact with students. In the current study, a multiple baseline design across three teachers was used to test the independent effects of BITE training on teachers’ initial and maintained use of effective instruction delivery (EID), an intervention for increasing student compliance with teacher instructions. Student compliance in response to EID was also measured. Results indicated immediate and large increases in EID and student compliance, with both outcomes maintained at high levels post-BITE training. Teachers also rated BITE training positively on a social validity measure. Limitations, directions for future research, and implications for applied practice are discussed.
Child Sleep and Parent Depressive Symptoms.

OBJECTIVES Parent distress and child sleep problems have been associated in earlier research. The present study expands on past research on parent depressive symptoms and their child's sleep. This study examines the relation between parents who screen positive for depressive symptoms and their perception of their child's sleep. METHODS Three hundred sixty-nine English-speaking parents of children ages 3 to 5 years (n = 134) or 6 to 11 years (n = 235) met this study's inclusion criteria within the Southwestern Ohio Ambulatory Research Network (response rate 90%). The validated scales used were the RAND Depression Screener (DS), the Wisconsin Abbreviated Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (WCSHQ), and the Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with the WCSHQ. RESULTS In total, 74.3% of the study children were White, 82.4% of respondents were the child's mother, 75.1% had at least some college education, and 54.4% reported an annual income of <$50,000. In total, 54.4% of children were male and 53.8% had public health insurance. Approximately one-fourth of parents had a positive DS and nearly one-third reported sleep problems. Adjusting for child's age and other factors, we found that parents with a positive (vs negative) DS had AOR 2.42 (95% CI 1.38-4.24) for higher WCSHQ scores. Children ages 3 to 5 years (vs 6-11 years) had AOR 2.48 (95% CI 1.56-3.95) for higher WCSHQ scores. CONCLUSIONS Parents with a positive DS were more likely to report sleep problems in their children after adjusting for the child's age. These findings from a diverse sample of US Midwestern families at primary care venues corroborate previous research.
Simple and effective serum-free medium for sustained expansion of bovine satellite cells for cell cultured meat

Abstract Cell-cultured meat offers the potential for a more sustainable, ethical, resilient, and healthy food system. However, research and development has been hindered by the lack of suitable serum-free media that enable the robust expansion of relevant cells (e.g., muscle satellite cells) over multiple passages. Recently, a low-cost serum-free media (B8) was described for induced pluripotent stem cells. Here, we adapt this media for bovine satellite cells and show that the addition of a single component, recombinant albumin, renders B8 suitable for the long-term expansion of cells without sacrificing myogenicity. We show that this new media (Beefy-9) maintains robust cell growth over the entire culture period tested (seven passages) with an average growth rate of 39 hours per population doubling. Along with demonstrated efficacy for bovine cells, this work provides a promising starting-point for developing serum-free media for cultures from other meat-relevant species. Ultimately, this work offers a promising foundation for escaping the reliance on serum in cultured meat research, thereby accelerating the field.
Lymphocyte–Endothelial Interactions

The vascular and lymphatic endothelia are monolayers of cells that line the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, respectively. These serve as the critical partition between the tissues and the contiguous blood-lymph compartments. Thus, the endothelium is strategically positioned to serve as a unique sentinel for communicating interstitial information to circulating immune cells. In this way, the endothelium plays critical roles not only in directing the trafficking patterns of immune cells, but also in determining their functional states. In particular the endothelium has emerged as unique peripheral major histocompatibility complex – and co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory molecule – expressing ‘semi-professional’ antigen presenting cell (APC). Intimate dynamic probing of these APCs by trafficking T lymphocytes via invadosome-like protrusions provides a basis for antigen recognition in this setting that can contribute distinctly to adaptive immune regulation.
Patterns of major depression and nonmedical use of prescription opioids in the United States

Introduction Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) and major depression frequently co-occur. Comorbid forms of drug use and mental illness such as NMUPO and depression pose a greater disease burden than either condition alone. However, sociodemographic and substance use differences between individuals with either NMUPO or depression and those with comorbid conditions have not yet been fully investigated.
Vitamin E Deficiency

Vitamin E is essential for the integrity of cellular membranes and deficiency of it results in membrane lipid peroxidation, dysfunction and cell death. Nutritional vitamin E deficiency is rare in humans, but rare genetic defects lead to tissue deficiency despite normal intestinal absorption. Keywords: vitamin E; deficiency; neuropathy; fat malabsorption; tocopherol transport protein
Attitudes toward Poverty during Undergraduate Education.

Abstract The commitment of social workers to serving economically disadvantaged clients has been questioned in an era of growing political conservatism. This empirical study examines perceptions of the causes of poverty of three groups of undergraduate social work students. Results confirm that students appear to develop beliefs about poverty that are consistent with desired professional values. Beginning, intermediate, and advanced BSW students rated structural explanations as the most salient and accorded the least importance to factors related to personal client deficiencies. However, a rise in fatalistic interpretations of poverty along with an increasingly external locus of control orientation characterized students who had completed their social welfare policy course. Strategies for enhancing curricula are suggested.
The Masses of Luminous Blue Compact Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts

Luminous Blue Compact Galaxies (LBCGs) at redshifts z ~ 0.2 – 1.3 are very similar to the most luminous low-mass starbursts in the local universe. Recently, various results have highlighted the key role that LBCGs play in our understanding of galaxy evolution over cosmological timescales. For instance: i) LBCGs have evolved more than any other galaxy class in the last ~8 Gyrs; ii) LBCGs are a major contributor to the observed enhancement of the star formation rate density of the universe at z ≤ 1; iii) LBCGs may be lower-mass counterparts of the recently discovered star-forming galaxies at z ~3; and iv) some LBCGs at z ≤ 1 are optimum candidates to be the progenitors of today’s spheroidal galaxies, such as NGC 205. In this paper, we review current research on LBCGs at intermediate redshifts, with emphasis on their mass estimates.
Chapter 98 – DEET

Publisher Summary DEET is an insect repellent that is used in products to prevent bites from insects such as mosquitoes, biting flies, fleas, and small flying insects. It is a member of the N,N-dialkylamide family of chemicals, practically insoluble in water, and soluble in ethanol and isopropanol, which are common solvents in repellent formulations containing DEET. It has a low order of acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. Based upon metabolic transformation reactions that have been observed in animal and human studies, at least two major metabolic pathways have been identified for DEET. One reaction involves oxidative hydroxylation of the aromatic methyl group in the meta-position, yielding N,N-diethyl-m-hydroxymethylbenzamide (BALC). The other major reaction involves dealkylation of an N-ethyl group, producing N-ethyl-m-toluamide (ET). Reports of significant dermal reactions have been infrequently reported from the normal use of DEET. Some case reports have described erythematous and bullous skin reactions occurring in healthy adults in association with the dermal application of DEET under conditions of occlusion. DEET was administered to animals orally, hence subcutaneously or intraperitoneally at or near lethal dose levels, the external validity of these findings to normal human exposure is limited.
News from the Dance Section

(1944). News from the Dance Section. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 15, No. 9, pp. 508-509.
Isolation and Complementation Studies of Auxotrophic Mutants of the Lignin-Degrading Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium

A variety of auxotrophic strains of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were isolated after treatment of conidia with UV and X rays. Complementation studies with these strains demonstrated heterokaryotic mycelia and conidia in this organism. Nuclear staining also showed that conidia can be mono-, di-, or multinucleate. Complementation tests allowed the separation of each auxotrophic class with the same phenotype into complementation groups. (Refs. 15).
Selection of optimal alternative graft source: Mismatched unrelated donor, umbilical cord blood, or haploidentical transplant

Only 30% of patients who require an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant will have an HLA-matched sibling donor. A search for an unrelated donor will be undertaken for patients without a matched family donor. However, many patients, particularly patients of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, may not be able to rapidly identify a suitably matched unrelated donor. Three alternative graft sources, umbilical cord blood (UCB), haploidentical (haplo)-related donor, and mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) are available. UCB is associated with decreased GVHD, but hematologic recovery and immune reconstitution are slow. Haplo-HCT is characterized by donor availability for transplantation and after transplantation adoptive cellular immunotherapy but may be complicated by a high risk of graft failure and relapse. A MMUD transplant may also be an option, but GVHD may be of greater concern. Phase 2 studies have documented advances in HLA typing, GVHD prophylaxis, and infection prevention, which have improved survival. The same patient evaluated in different transplant centers may be offered MMUD, UCB, or haplo-HCT depending on center preference. In this review, we discuss the rationale for donor choice and the need of phase 3 studies to help answer this important question.
Immunochemical characterization and localization of nitrate reductase in norflurazon‐treated soybean cotyledons

Immunochemical procedures were used to characterize and localize NADH:nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) in cotyledons of norflurazon-treated soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. ‘Hill’]. Antiserum prepared to NR isolated from Chlorella strongly reacted against NR from norflurazon-treated cotyledons. This serum inhibited the NR activity in crude extracts of norflurazon-treated soybean cotyledons by 98% even at a 1:2000 dilution of crude serum. Pre-immune serum had no effect on the activity. These data indicate that there are similar antigenic determinants at the active site of both Chlorella and norflurazon-treated soybean NR. Whole cotyledons were homogenized in lithium dodecyl sulfate-containing buffer, electrophoretically separated and blotted to nitrocellulose. When the blots were reacted with the anti-NR serum only a single protein (Mr= 98 kdalton) was visualized. Immunofluorescence studies on fixed tissue sections revealed intense fluorescence in the cytoplasm. Weaker reactions were associated with organelles tentatively identified as plastids. Pre-immune serum controls were completely unstained using immunocytochemical procedures.
Postnatal development of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: relationship to a critical period for the visual system

The cross-sectional areas of 31,800 dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus cells were measured in 53 human brains ranging in age from newborn to 40 years. Geniculate cells increase in size rapidly during the first 6 to 12 months of postnatal life, with cells in the parvocellular layers developing faster than cells in the magnocellular layers. At least 2 years are required before all cells have reached their adult size.
Long-term results of hybrid alumina-on-alumina total hip arthroplasty: 10–14-Year results

Abstract Between 2000 and 2004, 89 hybrid alumina-on-alumina hip replacements were performed by a single surgeon. There were 46 men and 43 women with an average age of 51 years. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 10 years. Prior to surgery, the mean Harris hip score (HHS) was 44 points (35–55). Following surgery, the HHS improved to an average of 94 points (87–100). There was no significant decline in pain and function even into the second decade following hip replacement. At final follow-up, the average UCLA activity score was 7.3 (range: 3–10). No osteolysis was observed at a mean radiographic follow-up of 123 months. One patient (2 hips) required revision surgery for bilateral femoral component loosening at 11.2 years and 11.9 years, respectively. There were no cases of ceramic fractures or squeaking in this series. Survivorship at 13.5 years with implant revision for any reason as the end point was 96.2%. Consequently, hybrid alumina-on-alumina total hip arthroplasty in this series provided reliable and durable and functioned well into the second decade with low wear rates and high survivorship.
Lessons learned from industry: Applying capacity planning in an institution for higher education

Outlines previous research on capacity planning and considers how the underlying ideas can be applied to higher education institutions (HEIs). Illustrates the components of operational and capacity plans for an HEI, pointing out the differences from and similarities to the manufacturing and service sectors; and discusses various components of the capacity plan (e.g. classroom utilization, enrolment, scheduling etc.) in more detail. Believes that this approach to resources would improve on the present US system where external pressures (e.g. politicians, donors etc.) rather than need may determine expansion, but recognizes the practical barriers to this and calls for further research.
A space-efficient contact toxicity bioassay for minute Hymenoptera, used to test the effects of novel and conventional insecticides on the egg parasitoids Anaphes iole and Trichogramma pretiosum

We developed and tested anovel bioassay method for assessment of contactresidues of pesticides to minute Hymenoptera. This method maintained a plant-toxin-insectinterface representative of natural conditionsin the field or greenhouse, and wasspace-efficient. The procedure was useful instudies with both foliar residues and systemicuptake. Furthermore, the method was relativelystraightforward, easy to setup, andinexpensive. Tests with the egg parasitoidsAnaphes iole Girault (Hymenoptera:Mymaridae) and Trichogramma pretiosumRiley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)confirmed that this method provided consistent,repeatable assessment of concentration-responserelationships for several insecticide classes. Other researchers studying pesticide effects onminute Hymenoptera might find this bioassaymethod helpful, especially in situations wherespace is limited. We discovered differentialsusceptibility of these parasitoids tospinosad, thiamethoxam, and oxamyl. The orderof toxicity for A. iole wasspinosad>thiamethoxam>oxamyl, and for T. pretiosum wasthiamethoxam>spinosad>oxamyl. Our resultsunderscored the danger of generalizingpesticide effects across even closely relatedinsects, and demonstrated that novel`selective' insecticides are highly toxic toA. iole and T. pretiosum.
Universities and information technologies for instructional programmew issues and potential impacts

Information technologies will haw an increasing impact on many components of post-secondary education. lhese new technologies, will drive major changes in instructional progammes and learning environments; both on and off campuses. Recent publications on current applications and possible future transformations in the instructional areal are reviewed in this paper. Creative utilization of infirmation technologies can help with many of the issues currenth facing universities—finances, educational content, outreach, retention, time-to-degree, delivery options, assessment, internationalization and K-12 (pre-college) interactions. Paradigm that are possible with educational technologies have generated and will continue to generate increased competition in the education market-place. Those who choose to ignore the new players will do so at their peril.
Assessing the ergonomic exposures for drywall workers

Abstract Objective The study was conducted to assess the ergonomic exposures to risk factors that may lead to the reported musculoskeletal injuries (especially back, neck and wrist injuries) of drywall workers. Methods A hierarchical taxonomy for construction of drywall panel hanging (drywall panel fitting and installation) was developed with activities defined within the interior wall systems tasks (drywall panel, studs and insulation). Exposures were characterized for the drywall panel work with the PATH (Posture, Activity, Tools, and Handling) work-sampling observation method. Data on working postures were collected for three main body parts: legs, arms and trunk. Activities performed for each task, tools used, and manually handled loads were also recorded for each observation. Results The study identified several ergonomic exposures in interior systems construction. Several risk factors were especially prevalent in the drywall panel installation task: awkward body postures such as overhead arm posture, trunk flexion, and handling of heavy drywall panels. Some tasks were observed to have combinations of these musculoskeletal risk factors, such as drywall panel installation, where the workers lifted heavy drywall panels in awkward body postures. In addition, a safety hazard frequently resulted when a worker's foot was poorly supported on a ladder while lifting heavy drywall panels to hang them on the ceiling or upper wall. Conclusion The drywall panel installation task poses a severe threat to the safety and musculoskeletal health of the drywall workers. Much of this could be eliminated by reducing the burden of handling heavy and bulky drywall panels. Relevance to industry The construction industry is well-documented to have high rates of injury and musculoskeletal disorders. Design of appropriate interventions requires specific knowledge of which tasks and activities involve the highest levels of exposure to relevant factors. Assessment of such factors in drywall panel hanging has provided data that will be useful to evaluate the ergonomics efficacy of future changes in task processes or tools. Feasible solutions appear to exist; effectiveness trials and worker input are needed in order to evaluate whether they could eliminate the observed exposures.
RELATION BETWEEN ELECTRICAL AND CURVATURE RESPONSES IN THE AVENA COLEOPTILE TO MECHANICAL STIMULI.

When an Avena coleoptile is placed in the horizontal position, it grows away from the center of the earth. This bending is the result of unequal rates of elongation of the upper and lower sides of the plant, and is commonly explained on the basis of the familiar Cholodny-Went theory of plant curvature responses (3, 19). The early work of Bose (2) and, in recent years, the experiments of Brauner (4, 5, 6) and Brauner and Amlong (7) have demonstrated that the under side of various plant stems becomes electropositive to the upper side when these stems are placed in the horizontal position. Wilks and Lund (20) have performed preliminary experiments which show that the under side of a horizontally placed Avena coleoptile also becomes positive to the upper side. It has been conclusively confirmed (17), not only that the under side of the coleoptile becomes positive to the upper side, but that the entire internal electrical correlation pattern (12) changes when the position of the living coleoptile is changed from vertical to horizontal. Frequent observations have shown that mechanical stimulation of a segment of living tissue causes that segment to become electronegative to unstimulated regions. This has been proved to be the case for the electrically polar growth axis in the Douglas Fir (13), in the root of Allium cepa (14), and Chara vulgaris (8). Certain observations of Bose (1) and Orbeli and Br?cke (15) might be considered exceptions to this phenomenon. The growth response to mechanical stimulus, which was first studied in tendrils is also rather widely distributed in etiolated seedlings and other stems. Stark (18) was able to induce curvature in the Avena coleoptile and other plants by stroking one side of the plant with a cork rod. The stimulated side became the concave side. More extensive references are cited by Stark. The experiments herein reported are intended to show, in a semi-quantitative way, how mechanical stimulation affects the transverse electrical polarity, the growth curvature, and their sequence relationships in the Avena coleoptile while in the upright and in the horizontal positions.
Retroactive inhibition in short-term memory

Forty-eight S s were exposed to three types of constructions of STM items. In two of the constructions, material of the same class as the to-be-remembered item were included in the material S recited during the retention interval. The interpolated similar material either occurred near the beginning or near the end of the retention interval. A significant decrement in retention was found with the inclusion of the similar material, but no significant relationship was found between the amount of retention and the temporal position of the interpolated material within the retention interval. These results were interpreted as being consistent with an interference theory of forgetting.
Structure, Conformations, and Internal Hydrogen Bonding in Gaseous 4-Fluorobutan-1-ol. Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction and Ab Initio Study

Excluding enantiomers, there are 14 possible rotomeric conformations of 4-fluorobutan-1-ol, of which two are capable of forming an internal O−H···F hydrogen bond. The composition of the gaseous system is of special interest because it is determined by the energies of the conformers which reflect the energies of the hydrogen bonds. We have investigated the conformational composition of the gaseous system and the molecular structures of the conformers at 83 °C by gas-phase electron diffraction (GED) augmented by molecular orbital calculations. Because of the complexity of the 4-fluorobutan-1-ol system, the parameters of the several models tested were simplified by various constraints taken from the theoretical work. With these constraints, the best agreement with the GED data was obtained with a model consisting of about equal amounts of hydrogen-bonded and non-hydrogen-bonded conformers. Because the curled-up shape of the two forms capable, in principle, of forming internal hydrogen bonds is expected to be...
Population and family studies of HLA-DR4 by use of oligonucleotide typing.

: Using PCR and DR4 group-specific primers and SSO's we have examined DRB1*04 nucleotide polymorphism in a population of 123 DR4-positive individuals (86 NAC, 27 Hispanics and 10 African Americans) from New York carrying a total of 134 DR4 haplotypes. We found that the distribution of DRB1*04 alleles on DR4 haplotypes differs in these three ethnic groups. In this relatively small population, certain alleles such as DRB 1*0406 and 0411 were encountered only in Hispanics, while others such as DRB 1*0403, 0408 and 0409 were found only in NAC (North American Caucasians). Such differences may be important in studies of HLA-DR4 and disease associations. Evidence from MLC and PLT studies of an HLA-BIDR crossover family, which was informative for the segregation of HLA-DRB1*0406 and DRB1*0407, supports the concept that subtypes of HLA-DR4 and/or associated HLA-DP alleles elicit T-cell alloreactivity, and may thus play a role in transplantation.
RNA Synthesis by the Brome Mosaic Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase in Human Cells Reveals Requirements for De Novo Initiation and Protein-Protein Interaction

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a model positive-strand RNA virus whose replication has been studied in a number of surrogate hosts. In transiently transfected human cells, the BMV polymerase 2a activated signaling by the innate immune receptor RIG-I, which recognizes de novo-initiated non-self-RNAs. Active-site mutations in 2a abolished RIG-I activation, and coexpression of the BMV 1a protein stimulated 2a activity. Mutations previously shown to abolish 1a and 2a interaction prevented the 1a-dependent enhancement of 2a activity. New insights into 1a-2a interaction include the findings that helicase active site of 1a is required to enhance 2a polymerase activity and that negatively charged amino acid residues between positions 110 and 120 of 2a contribute to interaction with the 1a helicase-like domain but not to the intrinsic polymerase activity. Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that the BMV 1a and 2a colocalized to perinuclear region in human cells. However, no perinuclear spherule-like structures were detected in human cells by immunoelectron microscopy. Sequencing of the RNAs coimmunoprecipitated with RIG-I revealed that the 2a-synthesized short RNAs are derived from the message used to translate 2a. That is, 2a exhibits a strong cis preference for BMV RNA2. Strikingly, the 2a RNA products had initiation sequences (5'-GUAAA-3') identical to those from the 5' sequence of the BMV genomic RNA2 and RNA3. These results show that the BMV 2a polymerase does not require other BMV proteins to initiate RNA synthesis but that the 1a helicase domain, and likely helicase activity, can affect RNA synthesis by 2a.
Threatened retaliation from the victim as an inhibitor of physical aggression

Abstract Sixty male undergraduates participated in an experiment designed to investigate the effects of apparent probability of retaliation from the victim and level of prior anger arousal upon adult aggressive behavior. It was hypothesized that threatened retaliation would be highly effective in inhibiting subsequent aggression under conditions where subjects had not previously been angered by the victim, but would generally fail to inhibit such behavior under conditions where they had previously suffered strong provocation at the hands of this person. Support was obtained for both of these predictions. Findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the prevention and control of human violence in naturalistic social situations.
Experiments with dilute bose-einstein condensates

Bose-Einstein condensates confined by a combination of gravitational and magnetic force exhibit very low peak density (5*1010 atoms*cm-3) and kinetic temperature (450 pK). Such ensembles are predicted to experience quantum reflection from material surfaces
Potential for food–drug interactions by dietary phenolic acids on human organic anion transporters 1 (SLC22A6), 3 (SLC22A8), and 4 (SLC22A11)

Phenolic acids exert beneficial health effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities and show systemic exposure after consumption of common fruits, vegetables, and beverages. However, knowledge regarding which components convey therapeutic benefits and the mechanism(s) by which they cross cell membranes is extremely limited. Therefore, we determined the inhibitory effects of nine food-derived phenolic acids, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, gentisic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapinic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid, on human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1), hOAT3, and hOAT4. In the present study, inhibition of OAT-mediated transport of prototypical substrates (1 μM) by phenolic acids (100 μM) was examined in stably expressing cell lines. All compounds significantly inhibited hOAT3 transport, while just ferulic, gallic, protocatechuic, sinapinic, and vanillic acid significantly blocked hOAT1 activity. Only sinapinic acid inhibited hOAT4 (~35%). For compounds exhibiting inhibition > ~60%, known clinical plasma concentration levels and plasma protein binding in humans were examined to select compounds to evaluate further with dose-response curves (IC(50) values) and drug-drug interaction (DDI) index determinations. IC(50) values ranged from 1.24 to 18.08 μM for hOAT1 and from 7.35 to 87.36 μM for hOAT3. Maximum DDI indices for gallic and gentisic acid (≫0.1) indicated a very strong potential for DDIs on hOAT1 and/or hOAT3. This study indicates that gallic acid from foods or supplements, or gentisic acid from salicylate-based drug metabolism, may significantly alter the pharmacokinetics (efficacy and toxicity) of concomitant therapeutics that are hOAT1 and/or hOAT3 substrates.
Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Axial Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding

This paper analysis the mechanism of axial ultrasonic-assisted grinding(AUAG), by establishing the kinematics model of a single grit; The reason why AUAG forces are more lower than conventional grinding(CG) forces is presented, and the experiments of the grinding force in AUAG comparison with CG were carried out. The results indicate that the grinding force of the superalloy in AUAG is about 40% to 50% less than that in CG.
Synthesis and properties of a surfactant-cyclodextrin conjugate

Abstract A surfactant-cyclodextrin conjugate. in which an ion-terminated chain is attached to each of the seven cyclodextrin sugars, has been synthesized and examined by a variety of physical methods.
A dynamic 1H-NMR study of tris(trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato) chelates of aluminum(III) and gallium(III)

Spectre RMN de 1 H de Al(tfac) 3 et Ga(tfac) 3 . Les donnees sont comparees a celle du spectre RMN de 19 F. Interpretation en terme d'echange intramoleculaire
Jointly modelling the relationship between survival and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis patients.

Modelling the relationship between pulmonary function and survival in cystic fibrosis (CF) is complicated by the fact that measures of pulmonary function commonly used such as the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) are measured with error, and patients with the poorest lung function are increasingly censored by death, that is, data are available only for the patients who have survived to the current age. We assume a linear random effects model for FEV1 per cent predicted, where the random intercept and slope of FEV1 per cent predicted, along with a specified transformation of the age at death follow a trivariate normal distribution. We illustrate how this model can be used to describe the relationship between age at death and parameters of the individual patient's regression of FEV1 per cent predicted versus age, such as the slope and the intercept or true value of FEV1 per cent predicted at a given age. We also illustrate how the model provides empirical Bayes estimates of these individual parameters. In particular, we explore how the predicted value of the age at death might be used as a prognostic or severity index. The model and methods are illustrated on a cohort of 188 cystic fibrosis patients with a common genotype (homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation), born on or after 1965 and followed at the CF Center at the Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auditory nerve fibers in young and quiet-aged gerbils: morphometric correlations with endocochlear potential

The number, size and distribution of myelinated nerve fibers were analyzed in the osseous spiral lamina (OSL) of young and old gerbils raised in a quiet environment. Because decreased endocochlear potentials (EPs) play a significant role in age-related hearing loss in the gerbil, we correlated morphometric and topographical data for nerve fibers with EP measurements in the same ear. Fibers were analyzed at the 2 and 10 kHz locations. The number of fibers at the 2 kHz location ranged from 12 to 47% greater than at the 10 kHz place in both young and aged specimens. No significant correlation was found between the number of fibers and the EP. Nerve fibers in gerbil tend to be distributed vertically by size within the OSL [Slepecky et al. (2000) Hear. Res. 144, 124-134], a result also found in cats and guinea pigs. Smaller fibers are more often found towards the scala vestibuli side of the OSL, whereas larger fibers are concentrated towards the scala tympani. The present data confirmed this distribution in young gerbils; however, in aged ears the distribution often became more uniform. Moreover, fiber distribution and ganglion cell size were highly correlated with EP. As EP declined, the fiber size distribution in the OSL became more uniform and the mean cross-sectional area of spiral ganglion cells and fiber diameter decreased. Thus, for whatever reason, certain indices of auditory nerve fiber morphometrics appear to be associated with the EP.