cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social dominance in swine

Summary Data on social dominance value (DV) of 1629 Duroc and Hampshire pigs were obtained from Iowa State University's swine irradiation project. Two measures of DV were analysed within subclasses differentiated by irradiation treatment of sires, and breeds. The analysis of DV was done on a within-litter basis as pigs were raised in litter groups. Angular dominance value (the proportion of animals dominated, transformed to angles) and least-squares dominance value (the result of least-squares minimization of dij — (DVi — DVj) where dij is the observed difference in DV between animals i and j) were highly correlated within sex, within litters. Evaluation of pigs was practically identical by the two methods. Barrows were more dominant than gilts. The sex difference was larger in Hampshires than in Durocs. Scrotal irradiation of sires increased the variance component for interaction of sire by sex and increased variance within litters. Within sex, within litter, DV was most significantly correlated with weight at all ages. It was not correlated with backfat thickness if weight was held constant.
Evidence for an All-Or-None Perceptual Response: Single-Trial Analyses of Magnetoencephalography Signals Indicate an Abrupt Transition Between Visual Perception and Its Absence

Whether consciousness is an all-or-none or graded phenomenon is an area of inquiry that has received considerable interest in neuroscience and is as of yet, still debated. In this magnetoencephalography (MEG) study we used a single stimulus paradigm with sub-threshold, threshold and supra-threshold duration inputs to assess whether stimulus perception is continuous with or abruptly differentiated from unconscious stimulus processing in the brain. By grouping epochs according to stimulus identification accuracy and exposure duration, we were able to investigate whether a high-amplitude perception-related cortical event was (1) only evoked for conditions where perception was most probable, (2) had invariant amplitude once evoked and (3) was largely absent for conditions where perception was least probable (criteria satisfying an all-on-none hypothesis). We found that averaged evoked responses showed a gradual increase in amplitude with increasing perceptual strength. However, single-trial analyses demonstrated that stimulus perception was correlated with an all-or-none response, the temporal precision of which increased systematically as perception transitioned from ambiguous to robust states. Due to poor signal-to-noise resolution of single-trial data, whether perception-related responses, whenever present, were invariant in amplitude could not be unambiguously demonstrated. However, our findings strongly suggest that visual perception of simple stimuli is associated with an all-or-none cortical-evoked response the temporal precision of which varies as a function of perceptual strength.
Fiber Morphology Resulting from Solid State Coalescence of Spherical Precipitates

In certain binary alloy systems, diffusion controlled solid state phase separation can produce an isometric to fiberous morphology change of the precipitate phase. The purpose of the present study is to propose a phenomenological model to explain the mechanism associated with such a solid state reaction. It will be shown that interface energy rather than the strain energy plays an essential role for the coalescence of initially spherical precipitates to form a rod-like fiberous morphology. In gewissen binaren Legierungssystemen kann diffusionsgesteuerte Entmischung im festen Zustand einen Ubergang von einer isometrischen zu einer faserformigen Morphologie der ausgeschiedenen Phase verursachen. Zweck der vorliegenden Studie ist es, ein phanomenologisches Modell vorzuschlagen, das den Mechanismus einer solchen Festkorperreaktion erklart. Es wird gezeigt, das die Grenzflachenenergie und nicht die Verzerrungsenergie die wesentliche Rolle bei der Koaleszenz von anfanglich kugelformigen Ausscheidungen zu einer stabchenartigen faserformigen Morphologie spielt.
Guidance of Receiver Aircraft to Rendezvous with Tanker in the Presence of Wind

This work addresses the problem of aircraft rendezvous in the presence of prevailing wind for automated aerial refueling operations. A modified point-parallel rendezvous procedure is defined. The tanker aircraft performs a racetrack maneuver along a pre-specified refueling orbit. The receiver aircraft enters the refueling area through a fixed point and flies along the refueling line that is aligned with one of the straight legs of the race track. A virtual target is used to define the trajectory of the refueling orbit. A nonlinear guidance algorithm is used to generate yaw rate commands for the tanker to follow the virtual target. An existing low-level controller is employed for the tanker to track the commanded yaw rate as well as commanded airspeed and altitude. The receiver aircraft has a controller to track a commanded trajectory relative to a moving reference frame. The concept of virtual tanker is introduced to synchronize the motion of the receiver along the refueling line with the tanker flying on the refueling orbit. The guidance algorithms are implemented in a high fidelity simulation environment that includes the 6-DOF nonlinear models of both aircraft with terms for the dynamics effect of wind as well as the low-level controllers. The simulation of the refueling rendezvous in a realistic prevailing wind demonstrates that the nonlinear guidance logic coupled with the low-level controller is capable of flying the tanker along the refueling orbit. Further, the guidance algorithm based on the virtual tanker concept along with the trajectory tracking controller can successfully achieve the rendezvous of the receiver with the tanker even in the presence of strong time-varying prevailing wind.
Multi-Atlas Skull-Stripping

Rationale and Objectives We present a new method for automatic brain extraction on structural magnetic resonance images, based on a multi-atlas registration framework. Materials and Methods Our method addresses fundamental challenges of multi-atlas approaches. To overcome the difficulties arising from the variability of imaging characteristics between studies, we propose a study-specific template selection strategy, by which we select a set of templates that best represent the anatomical variations within the data set. Against the difficulties of registering brain images with skull, we use a particularly adapted registration algorithm that is more robust to large variations between images, as it adaptively aligns different regions of the two images based not only on their similarity but also on the reliability of the matching between images. Finally, a spatially adaptive weighted voting strategy, which uses the ranking of Jacobian determinant values to measure the local similarity between the template and the target images, is applied for combining coregistered template masks. Results The method is validated on three different public data sets and obtained a higher accuracy than recent state-of-the-art brain extraction methods. Also, the proposed method is successfully applied on several recent imaging studies, each containing thousands of magnetic resonance images, thus reducing the manual correction time significantly. Conclusions The new method, available as a stand-alone software package for public use, provides a robust and accurate brain extraction tool applicable for both clinical use and large population studies.
Small adenomas detected during fecal occult blood test screening for colorectal cancer. The impact of serendipity.

Yearly fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) has been recommended for men and women over age 50 years as part of a screening regimen intended to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. The primary targets of screening are early, surgically curable colon cancers and large adenomatous colon polyps; however, screening may sometimes reveal only small adenomas (ie, (JAMA. 1990;264:76-78)
Utilization of acetate-1-14C for acetylation of an aromatic amine by the guinea pig adrenal gland

Guinea pig adrenal slices utilized acetate-1-14C to acetylate the aromatic amine procaine. Adrenocorticotrophin did not increase the amount of procaine acetate formed. When a high concentration of procaine and a low concentration of acetate1-14C were added to adrenal slices, no detectable amounts of steroids 14C were formed. The supernatant fraction of the adrenal gland was most active in acetylating procaine, and the addition of the other adrenal fractions decreased the amount of procaine acetate formed by the supernatant fraction. Guinea pig tissues other than the adrenal gland could convert procaine and acetate to procaine acetate.
Expensive, harmful policies that don't work or how juvenile sexual offending is addressed in the U.S.

In this policy paper we briefly review the historical predecessors of modern sex crime legislation. We then review modern policies, focusing on those that have been applied to youth who have sexually offended and for which there is at least some empirical evaluation. These include sex offender civil commitment, registration and public notification. None of the existing research validates the use of these strategies with juveniles and indeed there is growing evidence of harm. As such, we recommend that policies be revised to either exclude juveniles altogether or to mitigate the negative effects of policies when applied to juveniles.
The Pursuit of Consensus in Psychotherapy Research and Practice

With the growing pressures from managed care and biological psychiatry to demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of psychosocial interventions, the field has attempted to arrive at a consensus about which treatments work for whom. Although it is essential for the practice of psychotherapy to have an empirical base, the issue is complicated by existing methodological constraints that can limit the clinical generalizability of our research findings. Within this context, this article comments on the role of therapy manuals in research and practice, the difficulties associated with reaching a consensus within the field, and the need to involve both clinicians and researchers in such efforts.
Device Interventions for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained heart rhythm disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 0.4% to 1% in the general population. In addition, AF is responsible for approximately 15% to 20% of ischemic strokes. Device interventions to prevent strokes in patients with AF are nonsurgical procedures to block blood clots (thrombus) from forming and traveling out of the heart. The “quivering” rather than normal contractions of the upper chambers of the heart (atria) from disorganized electric activity (AF) leads to blood stasis and thrombus formation. A small cul-de-sac called the left atrial appendage (LAA) is especially prone to thrombus formation (Figure 1). In AF patients without valvular heart disease, almost all thrombus originates from the LAA. The thrombus travels to and block major vessels in the body. Blocking blood vessels to the brain leads to strokes and transient ischemic attacks (mini-strokes). Figure 1. Transesophageal echocardiogram image of a thrombus in the left atrial appendage (dotted line). Patients with the following risk factors have a higher stroke risk: heart failure, hypertension, age of 75 years or greater, diabetes mellitus, and prior history of strokes or mini-strokes. These are often combined to form the CHADS2 score. The more risk factors you have, the higher your CHADS2 score and risk of stroke are. Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) such as warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban are effective stroke prevention therapies. The risks of bleeding associated with long-term anticoagulation led to the development of permanent treatment options like surgery. Closures by sutures (ligation) and removal (amputation) of the LAA …
How social comparison mediates the relation between ability-grouping practices and students' achievement expectancies in mathematics.

This investigation tested the hypothesis that social comparison processes mediate the relation between ability-grouping practices in mathematics and students' achievement expectancies in a district-wide sample of 6th graders (N=452)
Legislative district configurations and fiscal policy in American States

In accordance with the median voter theorem the median legislator is decisive in representative democracy. If the preferences of the median legislator differ from the preferences of the median voter in the polity, fiscal policy choices will predictably diverge from those favored by the median voter. This paper seeks to identify the median district (and therein the preferences driving the median legislator) in American State legislatures. Using economic characteristics of constituents, we find substantial differences between the median district and the statewide median. As the income of the median district rises above the median income of the polity, government expenditures increase. In addition, the degree to which income is skewed across legislative districts affects spending for redistribution programs. Finally, we find that direct democracy procedures, which allow the statewide median voter to check legislative decisions, limit the impact of differences between the district and polity medians.
Surface treatments and cell attachment

Photoelectron spectroscopic examination of treated plastic surfaces showed that surface oxidation, primarily as carboxyl groups, was responsible for formation of good growth surfaces. Gas-plasma studies indicated that only very short exposures were required and that the effect was confined to a thin surface layer that produced adhesive surfaces. Highly adhesive surfaces were produced using oxidizing chemicals. Studies with a polymeric ester demonstrated the importance of unesterified carboxyl groups for high adhesiveness.
A QUANTITATIVE REVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSON–ORGANIZATION FIT AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES

Abstract This paper extends the meta-analysis of Verquer, Beehr, and Wagner by providing a meta-analytic review of the relationship between person–organization fit (PO fit) and behavioral criteria (job performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, and turnover). Results indicate that PO fit is weakly to moderately related to each of these outcome variables. Results further show that the way in which fit is measured is an important moderator of fit–outcome relationships; however, definition of fit did not moderate the relationship between fit and behavioral criterion. Implications of these findings and avenues for future research are discussed.
Structural evolution of complexes of poly (styrenesulfonate) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride

Structural evolution is tracked as a charged surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), is titrated into a solution of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte, sodium poly(styrenesulfonate), to form polyelectrolyte−surfactant complexes. At surfactant-to-polymer molar charge ratio [r] less than 0.5, small-angle neutron scattering of the soluble complexes reveals bound spherical CTAC micelles of radii 21−24 A, slightly less than for pure CTAC. At such small [r], the number of spherical micelles per chain grows with [r] but never becomes large (<2). At [r] ∼ 0.5, if salt concentration is low (<100 mM), cylindrical micelles of radii 20−22 A and aspect ratio at least 5:1 replace the spherical micelles. Irrespective of salt concentration, at [r] ∼ 0.7 precipitation occurs, with X-ray scattering revealing CTAC arranged into hexagonally close-packed cylinders. At even higher [r], the hexagonal phase transforms into the Pm3n cubic phase. Raising ionic strength diminishes NaPSS−CTAC attraction, delaying onset o...
Anatomy in the Gallery

A rotating exhibition programme at the International Museum of Surgical Science, Chicago, United States. The current installations will be on display until 22 April 2005 http://www.imss.org/ Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] A small, blue blanket sits upon a medical examination table, as if a child has mislaid it there. It looks soft, but feels surprisingly rough to the touch. Upon closer inspection, the blanket reveals itself to be crocheted not out of wool but from … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Dynamics of dissolved organic matter: A view from two dimensional correlation spectroscopy techniques

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most reactive organic carbon pool in earth. However, the heterogeneity of this organic mixture makes it difficult to investigate its dynamics under different external perturbations. In this review, we present the potential of using the two dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis (2D correlations) as a tool to study the dynamic of DOM. We demonstrate the application of the 2D correlation analysis on high molecular weight DOM (HMW-DOM) with the salinity as perturbation parameter. We used four different chemical probes: Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS).
Predicting outcomes after liver transplantation. A connectionist approach.

ObjectiveThe authors sought to train an artificial neural network to predict early outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation.Summary Background DataReliable prediction of outcomes early after liver transplantation would help improve organ use and could have an impact on patient survival, but r
Clergy Perceptions of Denominational, Doctrine and Seminary School Support for Health and Wellness in Churches

Background: Churches are a viable community partner for reaching large populations for health promotion interventions. Despite their usefulness, little is known about the institutional capacity or beliefs of churches toward health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how a churches’ doctrine, parent organization (e.g. conference/diocese), and leader training (e.g. seminary school) perceive and support health-related issues. Design & Methods: Clergy (n=24) from multiple denominations participated in a semi-structured interview. The interviewer asked questions about the doctrine/philosophy of their church on health, parent organization support for health, and education and training on health. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. Results: Clergy reported that stewardship and holistic views on health were a part of their churches’ doctrine. Health insurance programs and clergy wellness initiatives were the most common form of health-related support from parent organizations. The majority of clergy reported minimal or no instruction on health during their education/training, and desired instruction on self-care in seminary school. These results indicate there are a number of institutional influences on health and wellness within churches. Conclusions: Future programs could include policy and environment level initiatives to address clergy health, and the development of culturally tailored intervention concurrent with church doctrine.
Parents’ Perspectives on the Participation of Their Children with Autism in Sunday School

Children with autism are increasingly being identified in society today. With the increased incidence, churches will be called upon to develop programs that will allow for participation of these individuals. This article presents findings from a descriptive study addressing the participation of children with autism spectrum disorder within religious education activities. Mothers attending four churches shared their perspectives on the involvement of their seven children with autism in Sunday school programs. This article discusses common themes regarding church participation, with recommendations for improving the religious and social integration of children with disabilities within religious education programs.
Specific inhibition of C3 to facilitate general complement inhibition on endotoxin affinity sorbents for apheresis applications

Complement activation, as a result of human blood exposure to biomaterial surfaces, continues to be a concern in medical applications. The purpose of this study was to identify sorbent(s) and surface modification(s) that allow specific removal of endotoxin, while minimizing complement activation. Maleic anhydride (MA) modification of Sepharose CL-4B, cellulose, and Toyopearl HW-65F resulted in reduced generation of C3a, a marker of complement activation, by two orders of magnitude over unmodified surfaces. Surfaces modified with both MA and polymyxin B (PMB), utilized for binding endotoxin, reduced complement activation in a similar manner. Western Blot analysis of the larger C3 cleavage product C3dg showed a similar reduction, for all MA-modified sorbents, as observed for C3a by ELISA. C3α43 levels (constituent of iC3b and C3c) were also reduced, although only MA–Sepharose CL-4B levels were similar to C3a. Activation of C5, measured as the SC5b-9 complex, was also reduced by two orders of magnitude after MA modification of Sepharose CL-4B; the decrease was similar to all chemical modifications tested. PMB immobilized via CNBr on MA-modified cellulose maintained its endotoxin-binding capacity, while the latter was eliminated when PMB was immobilized via CNBr to MA-modified Sepharose CL-4B and Toyopearl HW-65F.
Effect of Acoustic Cue Modifications on Evoked Vocal Response to Calls in Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

Besides their song, which is usually a functionally well-defined communication signal with an elaborate acoustic structure, songbirds also produce a variety of shorter vocalizations named calls. While a considerable amount of work has focused on information coding in songs, little is known about how calls' acoustic structure supports communication processes. Because male and female zebra finches use calls during most of their interactions and answer to conspecific calls without visual contact, we aimed at identifying which calls' acoustic cues are necessary to elicit a vocal response. Using synthetic zebra finch calls, we examined evoked vocal response of male and female zebra finches to modified versions of the distance calls. Our results show that the vocal response of zebra finches to female calls requires the full harmonic structure of the call, whereas the frequency downsweep of male calls is necessary to evoke a vocal response. It is likely that both female and male calls require matching a similar frequency bandwidth to trigger a response in conspecific individuals.
Methylene blue-associated serotonin syndrome: a 'green' encephalopathy after parathyroidectomy.

Methylene blue (MB) infusion is frequently used to localize the parathyroid glands during parathyroidectomy and generally considered safe. Several recent reports suggest neurological toxicity and post-operative altered mental state typically after large dose infusions. The mechanism by which MB has neurotoxic effects in some patients remains uncertain. Case Report: A 67-year-old male underwent lumbar laminectomy followed by parathyroidectomy. Postoperatively, he was comatose (Glasgow Coma Scale of 7) and underwent extensive neurological evaluation. Brain computed tomography (CT) imaging and CT angiography revealed no ischemia, vessel occlusion, or hemorrhage. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed only slowing of cerebral hemispheric activity bilaterally. Over the next 48 h, his mental status slowly improved and the patient made a full neurological recovery (Glasgow Coma Scale 15). Methylene blue, when used in patients on antidepressant drugs, may be associated with a transient encephalopathic state and serotonin syndrome. Patients on antidepressants undergoing parathyroidectomy who may receive MB infusion should be considered for alternative parathyroid gland identification or discontinuation of the antidepressants before surgery. MB-associated serotonin syndrome is an increasing and under recognized (‘green’) post-operative encephalopathy that warrants education to critical care neurologists and other physicians.
Definitions and Examples as Feedback in a CAI Stimulus-Centered Mathematics Program.

The requirement for correctional feedback to erroneous answers in order to facilitate acquisition has been well established in verbal learning and pedagogical experiments. Unfortunately, the precise form and content for these correctional messages that will maximize learning remains a clouded issue. For the classroom teacher, restating the problem giving analogous examples, citing the solution rule in a verbal form, or just giving the correct answer are commonly observed. Within the tradition of programmed instructional research, the role of prompts or hints as correctional messages has led to ambiguous findings. Programmed Instruction (PI) advocates of "Stimulus-Centered Programming" (Klaus, 1965) place a stronger emphasis on correctional procedures for erroneous responses than on reinforcement of correct responses. More currently, authoring within Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) manifests many of the obvious alternates to correctional approaches. The present study considers the case for a specific area-proofs in mathematics. Correctional feedback alternatives in this content area are
ROLE of CULTIVAR and PRESS AID IN PRESSING CHARACTERISTICS and JUICE YIELDS of CRUSHED GRAPES

The stress-volume characteristics of crushed grape cultivars: Baco Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Catawba, Cayuga White, Chardonnay, Concord, Delaware, Melody, Niagara, Johannisberg Riesling, and Seyval Blanc, with and without paper and rice hulls press aids were studied in an expression cell and an Instron Universal Testing Machine. the slopes of ln stress vs volume in compression were significantly (P< 0.001) dependent on the grape cultivar. Addition of 1–3% press aid by weight decreased the magnitudes of slopes by about 11% with Seyval Blanc to about 51% with Catawba; i. e., the ease with which pressing could be performed increased with the addition of press aid. With Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, addition of press aid 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% resulted in increase in slopes ranging between 14.7 and 24.9%. the slopes of the ln stress-ln time during the relaxation portion of the experiment were also significantly dependent (P< 0.001) on the grape cultivar; the magnitudes of the slopes increased with the addition of 1–3% paper press aid. the juice yields were affected significantly (P< 0.001) by the addition of paper press aid, with maximum yields being obtained when 1–2% (w/w) paper press aid was added. As expected, juice yields (w/w%) were significantly dependent (P< 0.001) on grape cultivars.
Effect of cyclic 3′:5′-AMP derivatives, prostaglandins and related agents on human chorionic gonadotropin secretion in human malignant trophoblast in culture

The secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is stimulated by addition of N6, O2′-dibutyryl cyclic 3′:5′-AMP (dbcAMP) or theophylline to normal term placenta and human malignant trophoblast cells in vitro. To understand better the specificity of this process. malignant trophoblast cultures were incubated with 3′:5′-cyclic AMP (cAMP) derivatives, prostaglandins and other agents for 1 to 3 days, and the secretion of radioimmuno-assayable hCG was measured. Whereas dbcAMP was the most potent agent in stimulating secretio of hCG, the N6- and O2′-monobutyryl derivatives of cAMP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, papaverine, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) also increased the secretion of the hormone. A slight increase in hCG secretion was observed following addition of adenine. By contrast, butyrate, cAMP, cyclic 3′:5′-GMP (cGMP), dbcBMP, 5′-AMP, adenosine, L-epinephrine and prostaglandins E1, E2, F1α and F2α were ineffective. Particulate fractions from sonicates of malignant trophoblast cultures contained adenylate cyclase activity which was stimulated more than 10-fold by NaF, but not by either catecholamines or prostaglandins. The relatively specific stimulation of hCG secretion suggested that a regulatory process involving cAMP may have physiological significance in the trophoblast.
Microhabitat use by marsh-edge fishes in a Louisiana estuary

We used a drop sampler to characterize use of the marsh-edge ecotone by small fishes along two transects running inland from the Gulf of Mexico for ca. 25 km in Louisiana's Barataria-Caminada Bay System. Monthly sampling was stratified among upper, middle, and lower reaches and within reaches to characterize fish responses to salinity, depth, distance from shore, substrate, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, turbidity, velocity, and emergent stem density. In 681 quantitative samples, covering 658 m2, collected between October 1987 and October 1989, we collected 57 fish species and 16 864 individuals, primarily larvae and juveniles. The 15 most abundant fishes, comprising 97.7% of all individuals, were concentrated near the marsh edge (i.e., 0 to 1.25 m distance). Some significant differences within species for seasonal variables (e.g., temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration) reflected the ephemeral duration of early life history stages. Other differences reflected ontogenetic microhabitat shifts (e.g., depth and distance from shore). Within ecological groups, characterized as demersal residents, nektonic transients, and demersal transients, spatial and temporal segregation reflected the particular habitat requirements of each species. In a principal component analysis of microhabitat use, the first three components were interpreted as seasonal, depth-and-distance, and salinity axes, respectively. The array of species and size classes in principal component space reflected the complex dimensionality of microhabitat use. The high density of fish larvae and juveniles near the marsh edge confirmed the importance of the marsh-edge ecotone as a nursery for many estuarine-dependent fishes.
Direction-of-arrival estimation in unknown correlated noise using MUSIC and higher order statistics

In this paper we consider the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of Gaussian signals in non- Gaussian noise of unknown spatial correlations. The proposed method involves two primary steps. Firstly, the third-order cumulant function of the random wavefield received by an array of sensors is estimated and then projected onto the correlation domain to exploit the correlations of noise across the sensors in an array. Secondly, the estimated noise correlation matrix is then utilized in a correlation-based eigenstructure method, such as MUSIC, for DOA estimation. As expected, the proposed method improves the performance of MUSIC which requires the knowledge of noise correlation. Numerical simulation results for both the MUSIC and proposed algorithms are presented and compared.
Adaptive cluster dot dithering

Cluster dot dithering is one of the most common halfton- ing techniques. It is fast, low in complexity and allows for variability and inconsistencies in point spreads in printer outputs. Determina- tion of the basic dither cell size is critical for the quality of the half- toning. There is a basic tradeoff between large and small cell sizes: spatial resolution versus gray tone resolution. Large dither cell sizes produce good tone resolution but poorly reproduce spatial details in the image. Small dither cells, on the other hand, produce fine spatial resolution but lack the tone resolution which produces smooth gray tone gradients in halftone images. Typically, cluster dot dithering assumes a predefined dither cell size that compromises between fine detail reproduction and good gray tone reproduction. It is clearly advantageous to allow variability in the dither cell size using small cell sizes in image regions of fine details and using large cell sizes in image regions where gray tones are to be accurately reproduced. In this paper, we introduce and discuss several adaptive dithering techniques based on cluster dot dithering. © 1999 SPIE and IS&T. (S1017-9909(99)00402-X)
Effectiveness of Manual Physical Therapy to the Cervical Spine in the Management of Lateral Epicondylalgia: A Retrospective Analysis

Design Retrospective ex-post facto design. Objectives To retrospectively review the management of patients with lateral epicondylalgia, and to compare self-reported outcomes to assess the potential benefit of manual physical therapy to the cervical spine. Background It has been postulated that dysfunction of the cervical spine may contribute to the symptoms associated with lateral epicondylalgia; however, the literature assessing the effectiveness of manual physical therapy to the cervicothoracic region in this patient population has been inconclusive. Documentation and analysis of outcomes of management strategies focusing on the cervical spine may lead to determining the most effective and efficient clinical practices. Methods and Measures Of the 213 charts reviewed, 112 satisfied inclusion-exclusion criteria and were divided into 2 groups: those who received treatment solely directed at the elbow (local management [LM]), or those who received treatment directed at the elbow and cervical manual therapy ...
A General Social Survey Experiment in Generic Words

IN class and Cotfirtni~y (1969). Mel Kohn used a series of items to investigate the values parents felt were important for their children. His study identified a particular child within each family. To obtain norms, he asked parents to evaluate the general desirability of 13 traits for a child of the same age and sex as the identified child. Kohn reported that, after controlling for social class, fathers evaluated some of the traits differently depending on the age and sex ofthe . child being considered ( 1969:54-55). This finding suggests that an adaptation of these items that influenced respondents to consider a child of a specific age Or sex might affect the distributional characteristics of the items. This could be true if (a) a significant number of respondents were sensitive to the variation in the item wording, (b) the variation were interpreted consistently so that the age or sex of the child considered when formulating an answer were fixed, and (c) the way in which the traits were
The first precinctive Carabidae from Moorea, Society Islands: new Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera) from the summit of Mont Tohiea

Seven species of Mecyclothorax Sharp from Moorea, Society Islands are newly described; Mecyclothorax perraulti sp. n., Mecyclothorax pahere sp. n., Mecyclothorax menemene sp. n., Mecyclothorax mahatahi sp. n., Mecyclothorax popotioaoa sp. n., Mecyclothorax mapo sp. n., and Mecyclothorax fatata sp. n. These constitute the first Mecyclothorax species described from Moorea, and the first carabid beetle species shown to be geographically restricted to that island. Each of the newly described species is most similar to a different species on the island of Tahiti, suggesting that none of the seven Moorean taxa are evolutionary end-products of autochthonous speciation within Moorea. The occurrence of precinctive Mecyclothorax species on both Moorea and Tahiti demonstrates that radiation of Mecyclothorax in the Society Islands has been facilitated by speciation events implicating both islands. Whether this speciation has been preceded by vicariance or dispersal is discussed, with the generality of a dispersal hypothesis tested using information from Society Island Nabidae (Hemiptera). Salient morphological characters for taxa in the Society and Hawaiian Islands are compared to those representing a broad survey of southwest Pacific Mecyclothorax spp. This comparison supports the independent founding of each radiation in the Societies and Hawaii from an Australian ancestral propagule, likely drawn from the ecologically general, geographically widespread Mecyclothorax punctipennis (Macleay).
A study of analyzing network traffic as images in real-time

This paper presents NetViewer, a network measurement approach that can simultaneously detect, identify and visualize attacks and anomalous traffic in real-time by passively monitoring packet headers. We propose to represent samples of network packet header data as frames or images. With such a formulation, a series of samples can be seen as a sequence of frames or video. This enables techniques from image processing and video compression to be applied to the packet header data to reveal interesting properties of traffic. We show that "scene change analysis" can reveal sudden changes in traffic behavior or anomalies. We also show that "motion prediction" techniques can be employed to understand the patterns of some of the attacks. We show that it may be feasible to represent multiple pieces of data as different colors of an image enabling a uniform treatment of multidimensional packet header data. We compare NetViewer with classical detection theory based Neyman-Pearson test and an IDS tool.
Effects of Alarms on Control of Robot Teams

Annunciator driven supervisory control (ADSC) is a widely used technique for directing human attention to control systems otherwise beyond their capabilities. ADSC requires associating abnormal par...
High bandwidth force regulation and inertia reduction using a macro/micro manipulator system

A robot's ability to maintain desired interface forces during constrained motion is governed by its driving-point impedance and primarily by its inertia. Negative force feedback is a means of reducing this driving-point impedance, but the system becomes unstable at high bandwidths. A macro/micro manipulator system, consisting of a large (macro) robot carrying a small (micro) high-performance robot, alleviates this problem by physically reducing the endpoint inertia as well as providing an inherently stable physical configuration for high bandwidth force control. A robust controller design based on physical equivalence and impedance matching is proposed. It is shown that interface force regulation at bandwidths higher than the structural frequencies of the macromanipulator can be achieved with only minimal knowledge of the structure. >
AEC licensing of radioisotopes for clinical research.

The established policies of the Atomic Energy Commission are embodied in the Federal Register in 10 CFR 30 with which the reader is presumably familiar. The decisions and actions of the Advisory Committee on Medical Uses of Isotopes of the Division of Licensing and Regulation of the AEC contribute to the making of regulations, but it is neither possible nor desirable to attempt to spell out what the position of the Committee will be in a particular case. As a preface let me review briefly some of the history of the Subcommittee on Human Applications of the Isotopes Branch which was the precursor-so to speak-of the present Advisory Committee. The original group (usually dubbed the Subhuman Committee) first met on June 28, 1946, at Oak Ridge. Because the quantities of radioisotopes available were limited, the initial functions of the Subcommittee were, first, to recommend the relative production effort to be devoted to isotopes for therapy and diagnosis; and second, to make recommendations to the Isotopes Branch for the allocation of available materials for clinical use. As the demand for isotopes for medical use increased, production also increased so that allocation as such soon ceased to be an important problem. In 1948 the Subcommittee formulated certain broad objectives and criteria for its role in the authorization process. At this point I wish to make it quite clear that the role of the Subcommittee, and of its product the Advisory Committee, is to appraise applications and to make recommendations with respect to the human use of isotopes for the guidance of the appropriate agencies of the AEC. Authorizations have now been replaced by licenses to possess by-product materials, which are issued by the Division of Licensing and Regulation in accordance with the provisions of 10 CFR 30, and by internal rules, the making of which is a prerogative of the Licensing Division.
The cylindrical antenna with nonreflecting resistive loading

The distribution of current along a center-driven cylindrical antenna is obtained when the material forming the antenna is resistive. The particular case is considered when the impedance per unit length of the antenna is a function of the distance from the end. A solution is obtained specifically when the current is represented by an outward traveling wave with no reflected wave. The admittance of the antenna and the far-field pattern is determined. Field patterns are evaluated for a wide range of lengths. These are characterized by a single major lobe with a very small minor lobe structure.
Dynamic submucosal injection technique

This article describes the submucosal injection technique applied in the endoscopic resection of non-polypoid colorectal neoplasms, with an emphasis on a particular technique, the dynamic submucosal injection technique.
Do Online Homework Tools Improve Student Results in Principles of Microeconomics Courses

Recent technological advances in education have made it possible for instructors to use new tools in their attempt to enhance student interest and improve understanding of economic principles. A substantial body of economic education literature has examined the effectiveness of these tools in influencing student performance. Generally, these studies compare student performance between a control group and a test group. In the last decade or so, these new tools have tended to focus on different aspects of computer technology and whether or not use of the technology enhances student learning. Along these lines, Agarwal and Day (1998) found that use of the Internet in economics instruction had a positive effect on student learning as measured by improvement in the Test of Understanding in College Economics (TUCE) scores in both graduate and undergraduate economics courses. Similarly, Sosin et al. (2004) suggest that TUCE scores of students in classes using extensive technology showed a small but significant improvement over those students in classes using little technology. This paper contributes to and extends the literature by reporting the results of an empirical study investigating the effect on student learning of an online homework tool, Aplia, compared to the more traditional instructor-assigned and -graded homework. Do Online Homework Tools Improve Student Results in Principles of Microeconomics Courses?
Predicting Adult Under- and Over-Reporting of Self-Reported Arrests From Discrepancies in Adolescent Self-Reports of Arrests A Research Note

Building on previous research, this article investigates whether discrepancies between official and self-reported measures of arrests as an adult can be predicted from such discrepancies as an adolescent. We use longitudinal data from the Rochester Youth Development Study to assess whether a pattern exists in adolescent and adult under- and over-reporting of arrests. We find consistency in under- and over-reporting throughout the adolescent–young adult life course. In other words, when respondents misreport the number of arrests they have experienced, they do so consistently regardless of age. This is reassuring for scholars using self-report data, as under- and over-reporting behaviors remain stable over this span of the life course. Finally, our models predicting discrepancies in official and self-reported arrests during the combined period of adolescence and young adulthood are both extremely strong. Our findings support the continued use of self-report measures as a valid indicator of delinquency.
Lupus panniculitis clinically simulating alopecia areata

A 27-year-old woman with a known history of lupus erythematosus presented with two circumscribed patches of non-scarring alopecia closely resembling alopecia areata. Scalp biopsy showed a predominantly subcutaneous and deep dermal lymphocytic infiltrate that surrounded the deep follicular segments and hair bulbs, as well as the eccrine glands. There was associated hyaline fat sclerosis. The epidermis, infundibular and isthmus segments of follicles were relatively spared and lacked the lichenoid inflammation and fibrosis seen with lupus erythematosus. The biopsy findings illustrate that the deep variant of lupus panniculitis may be concentrated around the hair bulbs and deep temporary segments of hair follicles and spare the permanent stem cell-rich follicular segments. This pattern is capable of producing a temporary hair-loss, clinically simulating alopecia areata. The clinical history, presence of subtle erythema and scalp tenderness on physical examination, as well as the biopsy findings, were important clues in distinguishing our case from a true combination of alopecia areata and lupus erythematosus.
Accommodation dynamics in aging rhesus monkeys

Accommodation, the mechanism by which the eye focuses on near objects, is lost with increasing age in humans and monkeys. This pathophysiology, called presbyopia, is poorly understood. We studied a...
Pipes and wiring: the regulation of copper uptake and distribution in yeast

Copper is required for processes as conserved as respiration and as specialized as protein modification. Recent exciting findings from studies in yeast cells have revealed the presence of specific pathways for copper transport, trafficking and signal transduction that maintain the delicate balance of this essential yet toxic metal ion.
Design of a bitmapped multilingual workstation

Previous work in multilingual support is reviewed. Research to date has involved four basic issues: character-set standardization, text input, internal storage and manipulation and display systems. Each of these areas is discussed. A workstation that supports many character sets in a windows environment and provides display and data manipulation of multiple character sets is also described. >
Daily reports of symptoms and negative affect: Not all symptoms are the same

The interplay between state negative affect (SNA) and somatic symptoms is well-established in daily life, but the nature of the association is unclear. Questions remain regarding the role, if any, that SNA plays apart from trait negative affect (TNA), the direction of the association, and whether the relationship with SNA varies according to symptom type. Associations between three constellations of somatic symptoms and SNA were examined in adults (N ¼ 781) queried on eight consecutive evenings. Inter- and intra-individual variation in temporal and concurrent associations were examined, with models including both state and trait negative affect. All symptoms were related to concurrent measures of SNA. Lagged associations varied by symptom type. No lagged analyses including respiratory symptoms were significant. Prior pain symptoms predicted SNA, and prior SNA predicted pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. TNA, however, mediated the association between prior pain symptoms and SNA.