cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Thinking of Efficiency and Fairness in Harmonious Social Background

Efficiency and fairness is a man of contradictions.In a different country,both methods to coordinate the existence are of vast differences.At present,more than 30 years of reform and opening,the concrete expression of the efficiency is the enormous increase in national econony,but with the changes and institutional improvement,not just become increasingly prominent issue.This article analyses the connotation of efficiency and fairness,the relationship between the two and development,and proposes that justice must be based on the basis of the fair,efficiency from the start process to ensure the results of social justice.At the thought,it proposes to build a harmonious society to eliminate urban-rural differences and trade areas and region differences.
Globally optimized least-squares post-filtering for microphone array speech enhancement

Existing post-filtering techniques for microphone array speech enhancement have two common deficiencies. First, they assume that the noise is either white or diffuse and cannot deal with point inter-ferers. Second, they estimate the post-filter coefficients using only two microphones at a time and then perform averaging over all microphone pairs, yielding a suboptimal solution at best. In this paper, we present a novel post-filtering algorithm that alleviates the first limitation by using a more generalized signal model including not only white and diffuse but also point interferers, and overcomes the second deficiency by offering a globally optimized least-squares solution over all microphones. It is shown by simulations that the proposed method outperforms the existing algorithms in many different acoustic scenarios.
Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Dynamics of a No-Till, Corn-Based Cellulosic Ethanol Production System

Crop residues like corn (Zea mays L.) stover perform important functions that promote soil health and provide ecosystem services that influence agricultural sustainability and global biogeochemical cycles. We evaluated the effect of corn stover removal from a no-till, corn-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) rotation on soil greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, N2O, CH4) fluxes, crop yields, and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. We conducted a 4-year study using replicated field plots managed with two levels of corn stover removal (none; 55 % stover removal) for four complete crop cycles prior to initiation of ground surface gas flux measurements. Corn and soybean yields were not affected by stover removal with yields averaging 7.28 Mg ha−1 for corn and 2.64 Mg ha−1 for soybean. Corn stover removal treatment did not affect soil GHG fluxes from the corn phase; however, the treatment did significantly increase (107 %, P = 0.037) N2O fluxes during the soybean phase. The plots were a net source of CH4 (∼0.5 kg CH4-C ha−1 year−1 average of all treatments and crops) during the generally wet study duration. Soil organic carbon stocks increased in both treatments during the 4-year study (initiated following 8 years of stover removal), with significantly higher SOC accumulation in the control plots compared to plots with corn stover removal (0–15 cm, P = 0.048). Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions (945 kg CO2-eq ha−1 year−1) were roughly half of SOC (0–30 cm) gains with corn stover removal (1.841 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 year−1) indicating that no-till practices greatly improve the viability of biennial corn stover harvesting under local soil-climatic conditions. Our results also show that repeated corn stover harvesting may increase N loss (as N2O) from fields and thereby contribute to GHG production and loss of potential plant nutrients.
Chyluria: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review

AbstractA case of chyluria presumably caused by Filaria bancrofti is presented. The radiographic and urologic presentation as well as a brief review of the natural history, diagnosis and treatment is included.
Living Disconnected: Building a Grounded Theory View of Bereavement for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities:

This grounded theory study gathered descriptions the bereavement experience for adults with intellectual disabilities (IDD) through the eyes and voices of a small sample of grief counselors. The counselors described bereaved adults with IDD as individuals who faced potentially heightened effects of the broken attachment bonds, increased risk of coping obstacles, long histories of unrecognized losses, and disenfranchised grief. The participants described bereaved adults with IDD (who sought treatment) as getting pushed to the sidelines to deal with their losses in isolation and confusion. It became evident that though there are many similarities between how all people cope with loss and how people with IDD cope with loss, differences exist. Subtle variations in the experience of loss and grief appear to be driven by culture and beliefs about disability and protection for those with IDD. The participants in this dissertation study contributed foundation data for a theoretical explanation of grief for adults with IDD grounded in data from bereavement counselors.
Detection of Arcobacter spp. in ground pork by modified plating methods

A modified cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) medium was developed for the recovery of Arcobacter spp. from meats. Modified CIN was compared to brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and cephalothin, vancomycin, and amphotericin B (CVA) as well as brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and no antibiotics. The three media were used to recover Arcobacter spp. in a survey of pork-processing plants. Examination of ground pork (149 samples) from one Iowa slaughter facility (Plant #1) revealed that 89 percent of the samples were positive for Arcobacter spp. In a second survey conducted 9 months later involving that same plant and four others, only 5% of the samples from the four plants were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp. Again, 90% of the samples were positive from Plant #1. It was not determined whether the sanitary practices during slaughter or the rearing of pigs on the source farms contributed to the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in one plant versus another.
Association Between Endogenous Testosterone and Cerebrovascular Disease in the ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities).

Background and Purpose—Epidemiological studies in men suggest a relationship between endogenous testosterone and ischemic vascular events. We hypothesized that low testosterone is independently ass...
Temporal lobe origin is common in patients who have undergone epilepsy surgery for hypermotor seizures

Abstract Rationale Hypermotor seizures are most often reported from the frontal lobe but may also have temporal, parietal, or insular origin. We noted a higher proportion of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in our surgical cohort who had hypermotor seizures. We evaluated the anatomic localization and surgical outcome in patient with refractory hypermotor seizures who had epilepsy surgery in our center. Methods We identified twenty three patients with refractory hypermotor seizures from our epilepsy surgery database. We analyzed demographics, presurgical evaluation including semiology, MRI, PET scan, interictal/ictal scalp video-EEG, intracranial recording, and surgical outcomes. We evaluated preoperative variables as predictors of outcome. Results Most patients (65%) had normal brain MRI. Intracranial EEG was required in 20 patients (86.9%). Based on the presurgical evaluation, the resection was anterior temporal in fourteen patients, orbitofrontal in four patients, cingulate in four patients, and temporoparietal in one patient. The median duration of follow-up after surgery was 76.4 months. Fourteen patients (60%) had been seizure free at the last follow up while 3 patients had rare disabling seizures. Conclusions Hypermotor seizures often originated from the temporal lobe in this series of patients who had epilepsy surgery. This large proportion of temporal lobe epilepsy may be the result of a selection bias, due to easier localization and expected better outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy. With extensive presurgical evaluation, including intracranial EEG when needed, seizure freedom can be expected in the majority of patients.
Nicotine Metabolism and Smoking: Ethnic Differences in the Role of P450 2A6

Nicotine is the primary addictive agent in tobacco, and P450 2A6 (gene name: CYP2A6) is the primary catalyst of nicotine metabolism. It was proposed more than 20 years ago that individuals who metabolize nicotine poorly would smoke less, either fewer cigarettes per day or less intensely per cigarette, compared to smokers who metabolize nicotine more efficiently. These poor metabolizers would then be less likely to develop lung cancer due to their lower exposure to the many carcinogens delivered with nicotine in each puff of smoke. Numerous studies have reported that smokers who carry reduced activity or null CYP2A6 alleles do smoke less. Yet only in Asian populations, both Japanese and Chinese, which have a high prevalence of genetic variants, has a link between CYP2A6, smoking dose, and lung cancer been established. In other ethnic groups, it has been challenging to confirm a direct link between P450 2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism and the risk of lung cancer. This challenge is due in part to the difficulty in accurately quantifying smoking dose and accurately predicting or measuring P450 2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism. Biomarkers of nicotine metabolism and smoking exposure, including the ratio of trans-3-hydroxycotine to cotinine, a measure of P450 2A6 activity and plasma cotinine, or urinary total nicotine equivalents (the sum of nicotine and six metabolites) as measures of exposure are useful for addressing this challenge. However, to take full advantage of these biomarkers in the study of ethnic/racial differences in the risk of lung cancer requires the complete characterization of nicotine metabolism across ethnic/racial groups. Variation in metabolism pathways, other than those catalyzed by P450 2A6, can impact biomarkers of both nicotine metabolism and dose. This is clearly important for smokers with low levels of UGT2B10-catalyzed nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation because the UGT2B10 genotype influences plasma cotinine levels. Cotinine is not glucuronidated in 15% of African American smokers (compared to 1% of Whites) due to the prevalence of a UGT2B10 splice variant. This variant contributes significantly to the higher plasma cotinine levels per cigarette in this group and may also influence the accuracy of the 3HCOT to cotinine ratio as a measure of P450 2A6 activity.
Combining Tests and Setting Standards

In testing, the area of standards and standard-setting remains relatively unsettled. The chapter begins with definitions of scores and standards, and describes norm-referenced score interpretation, domain-referenced score interpretation, relative standards, and absolute standards. It then reviews the work related to the credibility of standards and outlines some of the more common standard-setting techniques used with MCQ-based tests and clinical examinations. Finally, because it is sometimes useful to combine scores from several related assessments, information is presented on when and how to do so.
Testing the Difference between School Level and Academic Mindset in the Classroom: Implications for Developing Student Psycho-Social Skills in Secondary School Classrooms

This study explored the relationship between school level and the psychosocial construct of an academic mindset operationalized on the Likert-style Project for Educational Research That Scales (PERTS) instrument; widely used in testing academic mindset interventions at the classroom level. Analyses were conducted using existing school district data collected during the month of April, 2016, delivered to students, grades 3 through 8, (n = 2,908) in the classroom at three elementary schools and two middles schools. The overarching research question was, “Is there a relationship between school level and students’ academic mindset as measured by the PERTS scale?” Results revealed a significant decrease in the classroom PERTS scale mean scores between elementary classrooms (n = 70) and secondary classrooms (n = 50). A history of psycho-social construct theory and practical applications for the classroom are provided.
Neuroleptic Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients: How Do Haloperidol and Clozapine Normalize Brain Blood Flow Patterns Associated with a Difficult Tone Recognition Task?

Chronic treatment with haloperidol causes increased regional cerebral glucose utilization in the basal ganglia (caudate and putamen) and thalamus. In contrast, haloperidol treatment also diminishes metabolic rates in parts of the medial dorsal frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate (Holcomb et al. 1996). It is not known to what extent these chronic changes are responsible for acute, phasic changes associated with specific behaviors. Relatively few studies have examined the impact of neuroleptic medication on metabolic activity patterns of schizophrenic patients engaged in effortful decision-oriented tasks. Cohen (Cohen et al. 1987, 1988, 1992) determined that treated patients exhibited normalized frontal lobe metabolism/behavior relationships. Normal subjects and neuroleptic treated patients exhibit a strong positive relationship between frontal lobe metabolism and the number of correct responses on a tone recognition task (presentation loudness level). Unmedicated patients exhibit no relationship between glucose metabolism and task behavior for frontal brain regions. This and other studies suggest that neuroleptic treatment modifies the relationships between a brain region’s neural activity and the behavior of the subject.
Measurement of Β(B - → D 0π -) and Β(B - → D +π -) and isospin analysis of B̄ → Dπ decays

We present new measurements of branching fractions for the color-favored decays ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}.$ Using $9.67\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the CLEO detector, we obtain the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}{(B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(49.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(26.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}.$ The first error is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the experimental uncertainty on the production ratio of charged and neutral B mesons in $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ decays. These results, together with the current world average for the color-suppressed branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}),$ are used to determine the cosine of the strong phase difference ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{I}$ between the $I=1/2$ and $I=3/2$ isospin amplitudes. We find $\mathrm{cos}{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{I}{=0.863}_{\ensuremath{-}0.023\ensuremath{-}0.035\ensuremath{-}0.030}^{+0.024+0.036+0.038},$ and obtain a $90%$ confidence interval of $16.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}l{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{I}l38.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.$ This nonzero value of ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{I}$ suggests the presence of final state interactions in the $D\ensuremath{\pi}$ system.
Dynamic portfolio optimization with risk-aversion adjustment utilizing technical indicators

We propose a dynamic portfolio rebalancing approach within the mean-risk framework, in which the riskaversion coefficient is adjusted according to market trend information captured by a technical indicator. We employ Gini's Mean Difference as the risk measure and the moving average as the technical indicator. We conduct a thorough empirical evaluation with a rolling horizon approach using the S&P 500 market data. The empirical results reveal that the proposed portfolio rebalancing strategy with time-varying risk-aversion adjustments generates portfolios with higher returns than those obtained with a strategy in which the risk-aversion coefficient is fixed.
People, Pope and Planet: A hermeneutic and spectacle analysis of Laudato Si’ for Global Citizenship Educators

0 0 1 173 989 Teachers College, Columbia University 8 2 1160 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} 0 0 1 97 557 Teachers College, Columbia University 4 1 653 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Global citizenship education presents a number of challenges for educators, including the wide variety of texts available to be studied. I explore Laudato Si’, Pope Francis’ 2015 statement on global warming and human development. Laudato Si’ includes contents that are broad, connective and significant/relevant making it a strong candidate for inclusion in global citizenship education. I examine the text via two theoretical inquiries—hermeneutics and spectacle—to recommend instructional practices appropriate to this text and many similar ones. The pedagogical recommendations focus on supporting teachers engaged in global citizenship education.
Confusing Keynes's Theory of the Rate of Interest in the General Theory with Keynes's IS-LM (LP) Model: There is No IS-LM (LP) Model in Chapter 18 of the General Theory Because Keynes Put His IS-LM (LP) Model in Chapters 15 and 21 of the General Theory

There is no IS-LM (LP) model of Keynes’s theory of the rate of interest and liquidity preference in chapter 18 of the General Theory. Keynes made it very clear in Section IV of chapter 15 that he was going to give a brief summary of his theory and application of the model there while he would give a much more detailed summary in Chapter 21. He applied his model at the end of chapter 15 by showing that the neoclassical theory ignored his Liquidity Preference Function (LP) that specified the LM or LP curve. Neoclassical Theory was an inferior version of his IS curve. Thus, at best, the neoclassical theory was only a special case of his much, much more general theory of the rate of interest incorporating the LP function. Chapter 18 is used by Keynes to provide a discussion of the three “ultimate” factors upon which his theory rested. However, nowhere in chapter 18 does Keynes present, or make any reference to, the model of his theory of the rate of interest, which would require explicit reference to the LP function on page 199 of the GT, which determines the LM (Keynes’s LP) curve and the consumption function, marginal propensity to consume, the change in investment and investment multiplier analysis in his income expenditure - Y =C I - model on page 115 in chapter 10 of the GT that specifies the IS curve (Y=C I; Y=C S; I=S). Economists have a very severe, over 200 years, problem that occurs when attempting to read the work of Adam Smith, Karl Marx, or John Maynard Keynes, all of whom rejected the Benthamite Utilitarian calculus of Max U thinking. Economists, who attempt to read into the pages of these works there own versions of utilitarian analysis will never be able to get a correct assessment of Smith, Marx, or Keynes.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Allostatic Load among a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Midlife Women: Findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Abstract Objectives We examined longitudinal patterns and sociodemographic correlates of allostatic load (AL), a measure of cumulative biological risk and aging, in a sample of midlife women consisting of non-Hispanic White, African American, Chinese, and Japanese women. Methods Longitudinal cohort data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation were used to examine AL patterns in midlife women ages 42–53 (n = 1,932). AL measures were created using 10 biomarkers representing cardiovascular, inflammatory, neuroendocrine, and metabolic system functioning. We used longitudinal random effects Poisson regression models to assess change in AL over the 7-year follow-up period and associations between sociodemographic factors and AL. Results On average, a woman's AL score increased 2% each year over the course of the study. Baseline measures of African American race, low family income, older age, and ability to read and speak only in English were significantly associated with higher levels of AL over the study period. We did not observe significant differences in rates of change in AL by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Conclusions This study demonstrates that AL increases in a cumulative manner as women age. Midlife is an especially important time in women's life course with respect to health maintenance and healthy aging. AL can be an early warning indicator of subsequent disease burden, pointing to subclinical conditions and the need for implementation of medical and public health interventions earlier in the disease process.
Deanonymizing mobility traces with co-location information

Mobility traces have been widely used in the design and evaluation of mobile networks. To mitigate the privacy threat of publishing mobility traces, the traces are often anonymized and obfuscated. However, even with anonymization and obfuscation techniques, traces can still be deanonymized by exploiting some side information such as users' co-location. With online social networks, mobile users increasingly report their co-locations with other users. For example, a user may report being with friends at a restaurant for lunch or dinner, and hence his friends' location information can be inferred. To find out whether co-location information can be exploited to identify a user and reveal his behavior from a set of mobility traces, we use a dataset from Twitter and Swarm to illustrate how an adversary can gather side information consisting of users' location and co-location. Based on the collected information, the adversary can run a simple yet effective location inference attack. We generalize this attack, formulate the identity inference problem, and develop inference attacks, under different observed side information, that deem effective in identifying the users. We perform comprehensive experimental analysis based on real datasets for taxi cabs and buses. The evaluation results show that co-location information can be used to significantly improve the accuracy of the identity inference attack.
Investigation of quercetin and hyperoside as senolytics in adult human endothelial cells

Quercetin has been reported to act as a senolytic by selectively removing senescent endothelial cells, and thus it would seem quercetin could revolutionize the field of gerontology. However, given quercetin's narrow therapeutic index reported in work done with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we hypothesized that quercetin is not innocuous for non-senescent adult human vascular endothelial cells at concentrations that have been reported to be safe for proliferating HUVECs. Furthermore, we investigated quercetin 3-D-galactoside (Q3G; hyperoside), an inactive quercetin derivative that needs to be cleaved by beta-galactosidase overexpressed in senescent cells to release quercetin, as a potential safer senolytic. We compared the effectiveness of quercetin and Q3G in primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), which are adult microvascular cells. We found that quercetin caused cell death in non-senescent endothelial cells at a concentration that has been reported to selectively remove senescent cells, and that Q3G was not cytotoxic to either young or senescent cells. Thus, in primary adult human endothelial cells, quercetin and Q3G are not senolytics. Earlier work reporting positive results was done with HUVECs, and given their origin and the disparate findings from the current study, these may not be the best cells for evaluating potential senolytics in clinically relevant endothelial cells. New and noteworthy Previously, quercetin has been reported to be a senolytic, a drug that selectively removes senescent cells, in HUVECs. However, we found neither quercetin nor Q3G was effective as a senolytic for adult human endothelial cells.
Treatment outcomes of acute bipolar depressive episode with psychosis.

BACKGROUND The impact of psychosis on the treatment of bipolar depression is remarkably understudied. The primary aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of bipolar depressed individuals with and without psychosis. The secondary aim was to compare the effect of lithium and quetiapine, each with adjunctive personalized treatments (APTs), in the psychotic subgroup. METHODS We assessed participants with DSM-IV bipolar depression included in a comparative effectiveness study of lithium and quetiapine with APTs (the Bipolar CHOICE study). Severity was assessed by the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale (BISS) and by the Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity-Bipolar Version (CGI-S-BP). Mixed models were used to assess the course of symptom change, and Cox regression survival analysis was used to assess the time to remission. RESULTS Psychotic features were present in 10.6% (n = 32) of the depressed participants (n = 303). Those with psychotic features had higher scores on the BISS before (75.2 ± 17.6 vs. 54.9 ± 16.3; P < .001) and after (37.2 ± 19.7 vs. 26.3 ± 18.0; P = .003) 6-month treatment. The CGI-S-BP yielded similar results. Participants with and without psychosis had similar course of symptom improvement and similar time to remission. There was no significant difference in the treatment outcomes of lithium (n = 11) and quetiapine (n = 21) among the psychotic subgroup. CONCLUSION Bipolar depressive episodes with psychotic features are more severe, and compared to nonpsychotic depressions, present a similar course of improvement. Given the small number of participants presenting psychosis, the lack of statistically significant difference between lithium- and quetiapine-based treatment of psychotic bipolar depressive episodes needs replication in a larger sample.
Is Pregnancy after Infertility a Dubious Joy

The dynamics of pregnancy are unique when it occurs after a long period of infertility, with months or years of sophisticated medical treatment. Social workers need to keep pace with these impressi...
Place of articulation effects on voice onset time and phonation bleed persist in languages with no voicing distinction

Place of articulation effects on voice onset time (VOT) and phonation bleed in the closure of oral stops has been observed in languages which utilize these as perceptual correlates to voicing distinctions (Lisker & Abramson, 1967; Ohala & Riordan, 1979). In this study, measurements from intervocalic oral stops were collected from three No Voicing Distinction (NVD) languages, Bardi (ISO-639 bcj), Arapaho (ISO-639 arp), and North Puebla Nahuatl (ISO-639 ncj). Tokens surfacing with positive VOT increased in duration as place of articulation went from more anterior to dorsal. VOT for Arapaho coronal oral stops was longer on average than velar orals stops. Nahuatl showed a similar pattern, with average VOT increasing from labial to coronal to velar. Average VOT for Arapaho labial tokens and all Bardi tokens was negative, so they were not included in VOT measurements. Conversely, average duration of phonation bleed in all three languages was greatest for labial oral stops, decreasing in average duration for coronals and velars. This suggests a physiological effect of vocal tract volume on both VOT and maintenance of phonation during the closure of an oral stop even in the absence of a phonological distinction.
Neurocognitive outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Identifying inflammatory biomarkers

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe type of stroke which carries a high case-fatality rate. Those who survive the ictus of aneurysm rupture harbor substantial risks of neurological morbidity, functional disability, and cognitive dysfunction. Although the pervasiveness of cognitive impairment is widely acknowledged as a long-term sequela of aSAH, the mechanisms underlying its development are poorly understood. The onset of aSAH elicits activation of the inflammatory cascade, and ongoing neuroinflammation is suspected to contribute to secondary complications, such as vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. In this review, we analyze the extant literature regarding the relationship between neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction after aSAH. Pro-inflammatory cytokines appear to play a role in maintaining normal cognitive function in adults unaffected by aSAH. However, in the setting of aSAH, elevated cytokine levels may correlate with worse neuropsychological outcomes. This seemingly dichotomous relationship between neuroinflammation and cognition suggests that the action of cytokines varies, depending on their physiologic environment. Experimental therapies which suppress the immune response to aSAH appear to have a beneficial effect on cognitive outcomes. However, further studies are necessary to determine the utility of inflammatory mediators as biomarkers of neurocognitive outcomes, as well as their role in the management of aSAH.
The Role of Cardiac Transplantation in Patients with Active Myocarditis

Despite dramatic improvement in the success of cardiac transplantation, prediction of postoperative survival based on etiology of the pretransplant heart disease is not possible and cardiomyopathy remains the most common indication [4]. Of the patients presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy of recent onset without obvious etiologic factors, 10% have histologic evidence of active myocarditis [6]. Although preliminary studies suggest immunosuppression may result in clinical and hemodynamic improvement when myocarditis is biopsy-proven [7], a multicenter randomized controlled trial is required to determine the efficacy of immunosuppression in active myocarditis [5]. Until the results of this trial are reported, it can be stated that there is no known specific treatment for myocarditis.
Teaching file input/output, loops, and if-statements via a red eye reduction assignment

This paper describes a "nifty" programming assignment that requires students to use files, loops, and if-statements to implement an algorithm that will remove the red-eye artifact from an image. The assignment is most suitable for a CS1 course, but could be altered to accommodate a CS0 or CS2 course.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Endocrine Tumors

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool in the initial management of various lesions affecting endocrine organs. Many studies have attested to its high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing endocrine tumors, especially that of thyroid gland. However, as with other diagnostic tests its effectiveness is highly dependent upon the expertise of the operator performing the procedure, adequacy of the specimen, and interpretation of the cytomorphologic features. This chapter will address both old and new of the endocrine cytology: including brief description of cytologic features and differential diagnosis of various endocrine lesions and new techniques that have shown promise in their diagnosis
Modulators of cat carotid body chemotransduction

The Carotid Body (CB) senses hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis in the arterial blood. The resulting increase in CB neural output (CBNO) to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the medulla promotes reflex responses in the respiratory, circulatory, renal, and endocrine systems. Increases in CBNO are commonly thought to be due to the release of neurotransmitters from glomus cells in the CB. Additional to the action of these released transmitters on the postsynaptic afferent neurons which abut on the glomus cells the transmitters act presynaptically on glomus cell autoreceptors. Among the several transmitters contained in the glomus cells there now exists considerable evidence supporting excitatory roles for both acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP and an inhibitory role for dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) (Fitzgerald, 2000). The release of ACh (Fitzgerald et al., 1999; Kim et al., 2004) and catecholamines (Wang and Fitzgerald, 2002) appears to be influenced by modulators. The present study investigated the action of adenosine (ADO) on the release of ACh, DA, and NE since it has been reported that ADO influences CBNO (McQueen and Ribeiro, 1981) and CB-mediated increases in ventilation (Monteiro and Ribeiro, 1987). The study further investigated the action of nitric oxide (NO) on the release of ACh since NO has been reported to reduce the hypoxia-induced increase in CBNO (Wang, et al., 1994).
Econometric Computing with “R”

We show that the economics profession is in dire need of practitioners of econometric computing, and that “R” is the best choice for teaching econometric/statistical computing to researchers who are not numerical analysts. We give examples of econometric computing in R, and use “R” to revisit the classic papers by Longley and by Beaton, Rubin and Barone. We apply the methods of econometric computing to show that the empirical results of Donohue and Levitt’s abortion paper are numerically unsound. This discussion should be of interest in other social sciences as well.
Modeling Pediatric Epilepsy Through iPSC-Based Technologies

In the current review, we discuss the process of modeling pediatric epileptic encephalopathies with a focus on in vitro iPSC-based technologies. We highlight the potential benefits as well as the challenges of these approaches and propose appropriate standards for the field.
Science Teaching Excites Medical Interest: A Teacher Professional Development Program in Mississippi

The Science Teaching Excites Medical Interest (STEMI) program is a collaboration of university-based biomedical clinical and research experts, graduate students in clinical anatomy, and Mississippi K-12 schools that seeks to develop a technologically-enhanced teacher-centered community of health learners. The STEMI community is developing, implementing, and disseminating high school learning products utilizing new technological approaches for engaging students in the overall STEMI focus of exploring relationships between health literacy, the state’s epidemic of obesity, and ensuing anatomic and functional pathophysiology. An evaluation team utilizes a robust mixed-methods approach to examine the program goals and the potential for program expansion and replication. A social network analysis is tracking the development of the community learners. As STEMI aims to improve teacher quality by developing key competencies necessary for implementation of the flipped classroom technologically-engaged modules, a competency model was developed. Competencies were identified via participatory evaluation techniques and assessments are aligned to the competencies. The competency of teachers in the skills needed for creation and delivery of effective flipped lessons is tracked using a radar graph to guide tailored professional development. Preliminary evaluation data indicate the community is growing and strengthening and the competency assessment model is effective in guiding continuing professional development.
Integrating Diverse Study Abroad Opportunities Into Public Health Curricula: Three Distinct Strategies to Address Common Barriers.

Background To effectively train future leaders, undergraduate public health programs must prepare students to address challenges with cross-cultural competence and a global perspective. Study abroad programming represents a high impact practice that can be applied to any number of areas and topics within the field of public health. Infusing global learning into undergraduate curriculum, increases confidence in serving culturally diverse populations and aligns with multiple public health accreditation standards. Unfortunately, barriers often prevent integration of this high impact practice into program curriculum. This manuscript provides strategies to integrate diverse study abroad programming into public health curriculum and mitigate common barriers for students and faculty. Methods Faculty from the University of South Florida (USF) College of Public Health (COPH) used three strategies to improve access to global learning: 1. Adding public health courses to established study abroad programs 2. Utilizing academic travel companies 3. Leveraging existing international and university partnerships Results A diverse array of public health-focused study abroad programs resulted from these strategies. Starting with just 12 students in the first program, the number of undergraduate participants in short-term, faculty lead courses grew to 164 students over the span of four academic years. This represents a 275% increase in undergraduate students participating in public health-focused study abroad courses, and a 160% increase in the percentage of public health majors participating in study abroad coursework. The primary barriers of cost, curriculum, and academic culture were addressed throughout development of each new program. Conclusions Infusing study abroad programs into the public health curriculum provides students with diverse opportunities to gain the skills they will need as public health practitioners. The design and implementation of the strategies that were used to successfully integrate global learning into one public health program’s curriculum can help inform other schools and programs of public health on ways to increase student utilization of this high-impact practice.
Lean Energy Buildings: Applications of Machine Learning, Optimal Central Chilled-Water Systems, and Hybrid Solar-Ground Source Heat Pump Systems

This chapter discusses topics for improving energy efficiency in buildings that employ: (i) conventional large, central heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, and (ii) unitary HVAC systems, specifically distributed ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems. First the chapter discusses the framework of energy informatics, including data classes, data measurement and acquisition, data organization and warehousing, data visualization, data analytics, and actionable information and control. Second, we address the question, “Now that building energy data are available, what do we do with it to inform actionable items?”. The usefulness of an energy informatics approach for improving the control of key building energy systems, including outdoor air and pump/fan control, is demonstrated though case examples. Thirdly, we discuss unitary HVAC systems, specifically GSHP systems, which have gained popularity because of their higher energy efficiency, lower maintenance, and lower environmental impact compared to conventional heating and cooling systems. Our focus is reducing their capital cost through the coupling of solar energy systems to the GSHP system, hence the term hybrid solar-GSHP system. Technical and economic aspects of hybrid solar GSHP systems are discussed for both heating- and cooling-dominated buildings, and system simulation examples are provided. Finally, an emerging type of hybrid solar-GSHP system, one that uses combined photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors, is described, which provides a means of getting buildings toward net-zero energy.
Are Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games healthy or not and why? Preliminary support for a Compensatory Social Interaction model

Abstract Data and theory have generated mixed results about the positive versus negative psychological effects of massively multiplayer role-playing games (MMORPGs). Such games provide opportunities to interact with others in ways that (like in-person groups) can foster cooperation and social support from others; however, they can facilitate social aggression and peer victimization as well. The current study involved multi-group path analysis of survey data obtained from 337 frequent MMORPG users. The paper proposes and supports a Compensatory Social Interaction model in which MMORPG play was simultaneously associated with healthy outcomes as a function of higher online social support and adverse outcomes as a function of online peer victimization. These countervailing processes offset one another, ostensibly suggesting that MMORPG use was unassociated with these outcomes; however, follow-up analyses revealed that the kind of outcome depended on individuals’ levels of online social support versus victimization. Results are interpreted in light of the Compensatory Social Interaction model and possible clinical applications.
Dignity and Therapeutic Jurisprudence: How We Can Best End Shame and Humiliation

This chapter is premised on the belief that dignity is the core of the entire therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ) enterprise, and do not think we can seriously write about or think about TJ without taking seriously the role of dignity in the legal process. One of the central principles of TJ is a commitment to dignity. TJ may also lend dignity to the voice of those who are subordinated. Boiled down to its most essential element, therapeutic jurisprudence adds the dignity and value of the individual human being to legal analysis in a formal way. This is accentuated in the context of shame and humiliation. Keeping in mind that the law always has the power to shame, and humiliate, it is crystalline-clear that humiliation in the law utterly contradicts the aims of TJ and undermines the role of dignity. These behaviors directly contravene the guiding principles of therapeutic jurisprudence, especially in the context of its relationship to the importance of dignity in the law. In this chapter, I explore the relationship between dignity and therapeutic jurisprudence, and conclude that, acting in concert, they are our best option for ending shame and humiliation.
Relative Position Indexing Approach

We introduce some standard types of combinatorial optimization problems, and indicate ways in which one might attack them using Differential Evolution. Our main focus will be on indexing by relative position (also known as order based representation); we will describe some related approaches as well. The types of problems we will consider, which are abstractions of ones from engineering, go by names such as knapsack problems, set coverings, set partitioning, and permutation assignment. These are historically significant types of problems, as they show up frequently, in various guises, in engineering and elsewhere. We will see that a modest amount of programming, coupled with a sound implementation of Differential Evolution optimization, can lead to good results within reasonable computation time.We will also show how Differential Evolution might be hybridized with other methods from combinatorial optimization, in order to obtain better results than might be found with the individual methods alone.
The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 clinical trials.

Due to the high mortality and morbidity rate associated with the infection, the disruption of most civil and clinical activities worldwide, and the high pressure on global health systems, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented challenge in clinical research
Molecular characterization of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare aggressive tumor that arises from the peritoneal lining. While recurrent BAP1 mutations have been identified in a subset of mesotheliomas, molecular characteristics of peritoneal mesotheliomas, including those lacking BAP1 alterations, remain poorly understood. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, we examined the molecular features of 26 diffuse malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas. As part of an exploratory analysis, we analyzed an additional localized peritoneal mesothelioma and one well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma with invasive foci. Genomic characterization identified categories of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas: The first group included 18 (69%) tumors with recurrent BAP1 alterations, with eight (31%) having more than one BAP1 alterations, and concomitant alterations in PBRM1 (46%) and SETD2 (35%). All tumors with complete loss of BAP1 expression by immunohistochemistry harbored BAP1 molecular alterations. PBRM1 alterations were significantly enriched in the BAP1-altered cohort. Frequent copy number loss of BAP1, ARID1B, PRDM1, PBRM1, SETD2, NF2, and CDKN2A was noted. The second group included eight (31%) BAP1-wild-type tumors: two with TP53 mutations, one with a TRAF7 activating mutation, one with a SUZ12 inactivating mutation, and three with ALK rearrangements that we previously published. One TP53-mutant biphasic mesothelioma showed evidence of genomic near-haploidization showing loss of heterozygosity of all chromosomes except 5, 7, 16, and 20. The localized peritoneal mesothelioma harbored a nonsense CHEK2 mutation, and the well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma with invasive foci harbored no reportable variants. In conclusion, we described the genetic categories of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, with BAP1-mutant and BAP1-wild-type groups. Our findings implicated DNA repair, epigenetics, and cell cycle regulation in the pathogenesis of peritoneal mesotheliomas, with identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Time-domain properties of electromagnetic signals in a dynamical axion background

Electromagnetic waves in a dynamical axion background exhibit superluminal group velocities at high frequencies and instabilities at low frequencies, altering how photons propagate through space. Local disturbances propagate causally, but unlike in ordinary Maxwell theory, propagation occurs inside as well as on the light cone. For the unstable modes, the energy density in the electromagnetic field grows exponentially along timelike displacements. In this paper we derive retarded Green functions in axion electrodynamics in various limits and study the time-domain properties of propagating signals.
A Monte Carlo simulation of a protein (CoVE) in a matrix of random barriers

Abstract Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study structure and dynamics of a protein CoVE in random media generated by a random distribution of barriers at concentration c with a coarse-grained model in its native (low temperature) and denatured (high temperature) phase. The stochastic dynamics of the protein is diffusive in denature phase at low c, it slows down on increasing c and stops moving beyond a threshold ( c t h ≈ 0.10). In native phase, the protein moves extremely slow at low c but speeds up on further increasing c in a characteristic range (c =0.10–0.20) before getting trapped at high c ( c t h ≈ 0.30). The radius of gyration ( R g ) of CoVE shows different non-monotonic dependence on c (increase followed by decay) in native and denature phase with a higher and sharper rate of change in former. Effective dimension (D) of CoVE is estimated from the scaling of structure factor: in denatured phase, D ≈ 2 (a random coil conformation) at low c (= 0.01–0.10) with appearance of some globularization i.e. D ≈ 2.3, 2.5 at higher c (= 0.2, 0.3). Increasing c seems to reduce the globularity (D ≈ 3) of CoVE in native phase.