cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The squirrel monkey entorhinal cortex: Architecture and medial frontal afferents

Abstract The cytoarchitecture of the periallocortex was studied in cresyl-violet-stained frontal and sagittal sections in six adult squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus ). The entorhinal area, located between the sulcus semiannularis and sulcus rhinalis in the rostral parahippocampal gyrus, has been divided into a caudal-medial Area 28a and rostral-lateral Area 28b. Of the six paleocortical laminae, Layer II is the most distinctive, for in 28a it consists of a deeply-stained, dense, continuous lamina and in 28b is interrupted into cell islands. Layer IV, lamina dissecans, is thick and irregular in 28b, thin and of uniform thickness in rostral 28a, and disappears in caudal 28a in transition to the isocortex of the more caudal parahippocampal gyrus. Further observations in Fink-Heimer silver material of fiber degeneration resulting from medial prefrontal ablations in these monkeys suggest that Areas 9 and 10 project to superficial layers (Layer II) of 28a whereas the orbital probably projects to the deeper layers (Layer V) of 28b. The topography and laminar specificity of prefrontal-entorhinal connections may have important functional consequences in terms of hippocampal input.
Time reversal and the neutron. Results of the emiT II experiment

We have measured the triple correlation $D\langle\vec J_n\rangle/J_n\cdot (\vec\beta_e\times\hat p_\nu)$ with a polarized cold-neutron beam (Mumm et al., Phys Rev Lett 107:102301, 2011; Chupp et al., Phys Rev C 86:035505, 2012). A non-zero value of D can arise due to parity-even-time-reversal-odd interactions that imply CP violation. Final-state effects also contribute to D at the level of 10 − 5 and can be calculated with precision of 1 % or better. The D coefficient is uniquely sensitive to the imaginary part of the ratio of axial-vector and vector beta-decay amplitudes as well as to scalar and tensor interactions that could arise due to beyond-Standard-Model physics. Over 300 million proton-electron coincidence events were used in a blind analysis with the result D = [ − 0.94±1.89 (stat)±0.97(sys)]×10 − 4. Assuming only vector and axial vector interactions in beta decay, our result can be interpreted as a measure of the phase of the axial-vector coupling relative to the vector coupling, $\phi_{\rm AV}= 180.012^\circ \pm 0.028^\circ$ . This result also improves constrains on certain non-VA interactions.
Mass Transfer and Cholesterol Oxidase Kinetics in a Liquid-Liquid Two-Phase System

The kinetics of cholesterol oxidase and the effect of mass transfer in an aqueous-organic dispersion have been investigated. Cholesterol oxidase exhibits Michaelis-Menten behaviour in terms of substrate and enzyme concentrations. However, the observed rate of reaction depends on the nature and concentration of surfactants added, agitation rate, and organic phase composition. Analysis of the experimental data in terms of simultaneous mass transfer with reaction indicates that the system may operate in the slow reaction-diffusional regime.
Evaluating and managing cardiovascular disease in women: understanding a woman's heart.

Despite the efforts of investigators, public health and private caregivers, voluntary health organizations, and policymakers, heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in women, both in the United States and throughout most of the world.1,2 A number of issues contribute to these disappointing statistics. Many women lack the basic awareness that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women. The American Heart Association’s (AHA) 2004 survey of women’s attitudes and knowledge showed that, when asked what they thought was the leading cause of death among women, >50% of women answered this question incorrectly.3 Even more important, only 13% of women personalized this information and answered that their own personal greatest health threat was heart disease. Although this level has increased from 7% since the initial survey 6 years ago, it is still far too low. Furthermore, because coronary disease becomes clinically evident in women about a decade later than it does in men, women commonly believe that preventing heart disease can be postponed. They may believe that they can begin to focus on it in their 50s, after other priorities such as childbearing, child rearing, and caring for their families no longer need their full attention. They miss the fact so well demonstrated by the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth studies that atherosclerosis is often evident in women in their 20s, that it is related to classical cardiovascular risk factors, and that preventing …
A prospective comparison of two expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for linear forearm hemodialysis access: does the manufacturer matter?

Abstract Background: The function and patency of standard 6-mm Goretex (W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) and Impra (Impra, Inc., Tempe, AZ) expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) grafts for hemodialysis as radial-antecubital linear arteriovenous fistulae for dialysis are compared. Study Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in two community dialysis centers and in one hospital-based center serviced by one vascular surgical practice, that performed the access surgery. Selection of linear forearm access, as opposed to other hemodialysis graft configurations, was at the discretion of the surgeon. Candidates for linear grafts had palpable radial pulses with a normal Allen test and normal digital Doppler flow in the hand. Linear grafts were placed using end-to-side anastomoses to the artery and vein, and the graft type was determined by randomization. Primary patency was determined by first episode of thrombosis, first revision, or angioplasty of the graft. Secondary patency after thrombectomy, revision, or angioplasty was determined when the graft was no longer clinically usable, and a new graft needed to be placed as a parallel conduit in the forearm or in another site. Statistical analysis was by actuarial life-table methods. Results: There were 131 linear forearm grafts in 117 patients. The Impra and Goretex groups were equally matched for gender and major risk factors, except for smoking, which was more common in the Goretex group. Minimum followup was 24 months. Life table primary patencies at 1 year (Impra 43%, Goretex 47%) and at 2 years (Impra 30%, Goretex 26%) were not statistically different (p = 0.78); secondary patency was also equal at 1 year (Impra 49%, Goretex 69%) and at 2 years (Impra 33%, Goretex 41%) (p = 0.15). Discontinuance of use of a patent graft, complications, episodes of thrombosis, and the need to replace the original graft occurred in the two groups without a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: In the linear forearm position from the radial artery to an antecubital vein, there is no difference in the performance of 6-mm standard e-PTFE grafts on the basis of manufacturer, whether Goretex or Impra. On the basis of performance, linear forearm dialysis grafts are an acceptable method for hemodialysis access.
GALEX and star formation

Wide-field far-UV (FUV, 1344–1786 A) and near-UV (NUV, 1771–2831 A) imaging from GALEX provides a deep, comprehensive view of the young stellar populations in hundreds of nearby galaxies, shedding new light on the process of star formation (SF) in different environments, and on the interplay between dust and SF. GALEX’s FUV-NUV color is extremely sensitive to stellar populations of ages up to a few hundred Myrs, unambiguously probing their presence and enabling age-dating and stellar mass estimate, together with the characterization of interstellar dust extinction. The deep sensitivity, combined with the wide field-of-view, made possible in particular the discovery and characterization of star formation in extremely low-density, diffuse gas environments such as outer galaxy disks, tidal tails, low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSB) and dwarf Irregular galaxies, and of rejuvenation episodes in early-type galaxies. Such results provide several missing links for interpreting galaxy classes in an evolutionary context, extend our knowledge of the star-formation process to previously unexplored conditions, constrain models of galaxy disk formation, and clarify the mutual role of dust and star formation. We review a variety of star-forming environments studied by GALEX, and provide some model analysis tools useful for interpretation of GALEX measurements, and potentially as basic science planning tools for next-generation UV instruments.
Myelopathy Associated With Melorheostosis: A Case Report

A man in his mid thirties presented with lower-extremity weakness and spasticity because of a myelopathy caused by a rare disorder of bone known as melorheostosis. The primary pathology involved was compression of the cord at the cervicothoracic levels by dystrophic osseous formation within the vertebral bodies. Based on a review of existing literature, it was evident that the spine is an uncommon location to find melorheostosis, making this disease entity a unique cause of myelopathy. The patient's progress was closely observed during his inpatient rehabilitation program, after he underwent spinal decompression surgery. Starting from the level of complete paralysis, he was able to regain functional strength in his legs by the end of his 2-month course. Despite the lack of reported outcomes in cases of myelopathy associated with melorheostosis, our report describes a favorable prognosis with good recovery of both strength and function.
Perturbation and Gaussian methods for stochastic flow problems

Abstract Most applications of stochastic ground water modeling rely on a perturbation assumption; the magnitude of the randomly distributed parameters in the governing equation should be small to obtain a valid solution. A Gaussian method was developed to solve the ground water flow equation with random hydraulic conductivity distribution. In the Gaussian method, the moment generating function for multivariate normally distributed random variables was used to express joint high order moments of hydraulic head and conductivity in terms of low order moments. A set of coupled partial differential equations for the moments of the hydraulic head were formulated. The number of unknowns in the Gaussian method was the same as in the perturbation method, however the ‘closure problem’ was solved without the truncation of high order terms. Comparison with an exact analytical solution suggested that the Gaussian method can be more appropriate in the case of short correlation length. The Gaussian and the perturbations methods can be equivalent for the case of steady-state flow. For transient ground water flow, the two methods are different. The Gaussian method preserves the known lognormal spatial frequency distribution of the conductivity in the field.
Invited Paper IR Background Suppression

Background suppression techniques and algorithms for on-board processing applications to earth-looking and deep space IR detection and tracking systems are presented. Modeling considerations of the background and sensor system noise sources are addressed. Some current research and development efforts in signal extraction and background suppression techniques, and computational aspects are briefly discussed.
A convergent enantioselective route to structurally diverse 6-deoxytetracycline antibiotics

Complex antibiotics based on natural products are almost invariably prepared by semisynthesis, or chemical transformation of the isolated natural products. This approach greatly limits the range of accessible structures that might be studied as new antibiotic candidates. Here we report a short and enantioselective synthetic route to a diverse range of 6-deoxytetracycline antibiotics. The common feature of this class is a scaffold of four linearly fused rings, labeled A through D. We targeted not a single compound but a group of structures with the D ring as a site of structural variability. A late-stage, diastereoselective C-ring construction was used to couple structurally varied D-ring precursors with an AB precursor containing much of the essential functionality for binding to the bacterial ribosome. Five derivatives were synthesized from benzoic acid in yields ranging from 5 to 7% over 14 to 15 steps, and a sixth, (-)-doxycycline, was synthesized in 8.3% yield over 18 steps.
Presidential popularity in a context of economic crisis and political change: The case of Mexico

The study shows how presidential approval ratings in Mexico during an era of crisis have been shaped by citizen reactions to environmental conditions but also by the effects of the transition toward a more competitive electoral system. Regime transitions toward greater democracy in Latin America and elsewhere may hold important implications for the formation of public opinion and mass political behavior.
Chemical stimulation and modification of glucose metabolism by brain

Abstract The relationship of vitamin K 3 diphosphate and vitamin K 3 to the stimulation of apparent pentose phosphate shunt activity in brain has been examined. These compounds have their maximum activities at molar concentrations of about 10 −4 and 10 −6 , respectively. The stimulation is not due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The effects of vitamin K 3 diphosphate and KCl and their interrelationship indicate that KCl stimulation of brain metabolism may be due to a permeability change in subcellular membranes.
International and Intergenerational Environmental Externalities

We examine a world in which policymakers' actions in a given country at a given time have long-lived effects on a common resource: the global environment. We consider the first best in which long-lived planners behave cooperatively, then examine the allocation of resources when there is non-cooperation across countries, across time, or both. Finally we analyze the dynamic behavior of the economy along balanced growth paths. It is found that while long-lived international institutions are necessary to internalize all externalities, cooperation at a point in time may be harmful to future generations.
The Direct Optical Measurement of Atmospheric Air Pollution

Abstract The optical measurement of the mass concentration of atmospheric aerosol is influenced by size distribution, particle refractive index, particle density, and particle shape. Recent experiments indicate that a nearly linear relationship exists between light-scattering coefficient and mass concentration. The purpose of this paper is to present theoretical calculations and experiments relating mass concentration and light scattering as functions of the above variables. The conclusion is in agreement with observations and suggests that in most cases a range of +90% to -50% accuracy in the mass/light scatter ratio can be expected, owing to known variations in the pertinent aerosol properties.
Muon Capture and the Hypothesis of Partially Conserved Axial-Vector Current

We present the results of a new calculation of the muon-capture rates in hydrogen and ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, with special emphasis on the estimate of the induced pseudoscalar form factor ${F}_{P}$. Two values of ${F}_{P}$ based on the Nambu and the Gell-Mann-L\'evy versions of the PCAC hypothesis are given, and the corresponding capture rates are compared with experimental data.
Barriers to Aspiration Development and Self-Fulfillment: Interdisciplinary Insights for Talent Discovery:

There is increasing concern about the plight of under-privileged gifted and talented children. Insights from disciplines outside our field can inform educators of the gifted and talented about what hinders talent development among the deprived. A model synthesizing constructs from ethical philosophy, sociology, and education reveals socioeconomic barriers to aspiration development, capacity development, and self-fulfillment. Various hypothetical life trajectories on the model illustrate the influences of these barriers on long-range talent development toward self-fulfillment and either egoistic individualism or relational altruism. Implications for gifted education include the need for more ethical awareness in the field and more realistic appraisals of hindrances to aspiration formation among the deprived.
The Consequences of Public and Private Research and Development

We investigated the relationship of research and development to higher productivity and industrial efficiency. After reviewing the economic literature and finding no conclusive evidence on this subject we then proceeded to test the hypothesis that R&D does in fact promote increases in productivity which may be expected to lead to higher earnings. We found that until 1963 output per manhour and R&D expenditures in manufacturing industries were significantly related. However, for the last quinquennium (1963–1968) no statistically significant relationship could be shown. The hypothesis that the lack of correlation in the last period was due to Federally financed projects was deemed incorrect. However, it is possible that the lack of correlation was due to a poor choice of projects by the private sector or to an increase in projects which were designed to raise profits by reducing tax liabilities or simply due to activities which emphasized product development rather than efficiency generating research.
Decreased synthesis of mitochondrial protein in the senescent cells of pear fruit

Abstract The rate of amino acid incorporation into mitochondrial protein, in vivo , declines markedly as pear fruit tissues age and reach their climacteric respiratory peak.
Frequency-Domain Criteria for Controllability and Observability of Multivariable Systems

The paper investigates the controllability and observability of multivariable systems in the frequency-domain. A criterion involving pole-zero cancellations determines controllability and observability of multivariable systems. The results are extended to composite systems where necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability and observability of tandom, feedback and parallel connections of two systems are obtained in terms of the pole and zero polynomials of individual systems. The connection between controllability/ observability and fixed modes in decentralized systems is also discussed.
Seismic diffraction interpretation at Piceance Creek

AbstractWe applied time-domain seismic diffraction imaging to a 3D data set from the Piceance Creek Field, Piceance Basin, northwest Colorado. The work was motivated by the need for insight into natural fracture distribution, thought to influence production. We used a novel chain of two previously developed processing steps to separate diffractions from the recorded wavefield — One step is applied to the conventional stack volume, and the other was applied to migrated dip-angle gathers. The diffractions were then imaged independently for interpretation. Comparison of seismic attributes, commonly used for fracture characterization, found that the resulting diffraction image had lateral resolution comparable to or greater than the discontinuity-type attributes and provided information complementary to azimuthal anisotropy measurements. The diffraction image from Piceance Creek had advantages over attributes in interpretation confidence because diffractions were a direct seismic response to subsurface featur...
‘Capital controls and the global financial crisis: An introduction’

The global financial crisis of 2008 opened a new chapter in the debate over the consequences and management of international private capital flows. During the neo-liberal era, one had to look to th...
Intrauterine Vascular Deficiency of the Upper Limb

We report six cases of intrauterine vascular deficiency of the upper limb, presenting over a 12-year period, with established areas of necrosis at the time of birth. Three of the six mothers were diabetic. An urgent examination of the neonate should be done to exclude occult systemic thomboses, as early anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy may be indicated. The majority of cases were managed conservatively with dressings and splintage of the limb; exceptionally surgical intervention was required. Long-term sequelae included flexion contractures and shortening of the forearm bones.
Effect of proteolytic enzymes on vaccinia virus replication

Chymotrypsin and trypsin enhance vaccinia virus replication in chick embryo cell cultures. Two phenomena are described: an enhancement of plaque numbers and an increase in plaque size. Low doses of chymotrypsin (1.3μg/4 million cells) acting on the virus particles are responsible for the increase in vaccinia virus plaque numbers. The effect is not due to disaggregation of virus aggregates by the enzyme. Doses of 3 to 10 (μg of chymotrypsin per culture have an effect on chick embryo cell monolayers. A linear dose response is found when plaque size is measured as a function of the dose of chymotrypsin. Preliminary studies indicate that some of the enzyme becomes cell-associated. When one replication cycle was followed the final yield of plaque forming virus from both enzyme treated and control cells was the same. However, the process of replication in enzyme treated monolayers was accelerated by about 5 hours. The enzyme appears to have an effect on some early event in virus replication.
Does education moderate neuropsychological impairment in late-life depression?

Objective The increased resistance of better-educated individuals to the cognitive effects of neuropathology has been conceptualized as reflecting brain reserve. This study examined whether educational level influences the degree of neuropsychological impairment associated with late-life depression. Methods The neuropsychological performances of 115 older depressed patients and of 44 comparison subjects of similar age and education were compared as a function of educational level. Results While depressed patients performed worse than comparison subjects on all the measures, the severity of this impairment (with respect to comparison subjects) did not differ with the educational level of the patients. Conclusions Brain reserve, as indexed by the patients' level of education, does not mitigate the cognitive decrements associated with late-life depression. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reflux Laryngitis: An Update, 2009–2012

Summary Purpose of Review The importance of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is acknowledged widely. However, controversy remains regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. This review addresses current literature from late 2009 through the first half of 2012 and complements our previous review of literature from 2006 through the middle of 2009. Both reviews highlight controversies and current research. Recent Findings Although controversies have not been resolved fully, additional research has expanded approaches to diagnosis and treatment of LPR. Recent studies shed additional light on pathophysiology. New imaging techniques have been introduced and they prove particularly useful in assessing LPR. Research has improved the understanding of the value of selected acid measurement techniques. The efficacy of treatment remains controversial. Summary LPR clearly is an important entity. However, disagreements persist regarding optimal diagnosis techniques, criteria of normalcy, and treatment efficacy. Additional studies are encouraged to further our understanding of pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and the long-term effects of LPR and LPR treatment.
Atomic contact vectors in protein-protein recognition

The ability to analyze and com- pare protein-protein interactions on the structural level is critical to our understanding of various aspects of molecular recognition and the functional interplay of components of biochemical networks. In this study, we introduce atomic contact vectors (ACVs) as an intuitive way to represent the physico- chemical characteristics of a protein-protein inter- face as well as a way to compare interfaces to each other. We test the utility of ACVs in classification by using them to distinguish between homodimers and crystal contacts. Our results compare favorably with those reported by other authors. We then apply ACVs to mine the PDB for all known protein-protein complexes and separate transient recognition com- plexes from permanent oligomeric ones. Getting at the basis of this difference is important for our understanding of recognition and we achieved a success rate of 91% for distinguishing these two classes of complexes. Although accessible surface area of the interface is a major discriminating fea- ture, we also show that there are distinct differ- ences in the contact preferences between the two kinds of complexes. Illustrating the superiority of ACVs as a basic comparison measure over a se- quence-based approach, we derive a general rule of thumb to determine whether two protein-protein interfaces are redundant. With this method, we arrive at a nonredundant set of 209 recognition complexes—the largest set reported so far. Proteins
Diffusive–convective and diffusive–electroconvective transport in non-uniform channels with application to macromolecular separations

Abstract The effects of various geometrical parameters on effective diffusive, convective and electroconvective transport coefficients are studied by using models of constricted and expanded pores. The analysis of these simple pores offers insight into the transport behavior of macromolecules in media consisting of anisotropic aligned pores. A number of cases are analyzed including hydrodynamic flow, hindered transport with hydrodynamic flow, and electrophoretic transport with and without hindrance. The effects of the geometrical parameters of the model pores on the effective transport parameters are determined. The implications of changes of these geometrical parameters, applied electrical fields, and bulk flow rates on separations are illustrated using the time required to separate a binary mixture of solutes for specified resolutions. The results show that by appropriately selecting the flow rate in the case of hydrodynamic flow or the electrical field strength for the case of electrophoresis an optimum or minimum time of separation can be determined for the separation of two comparably sized molecules with sizes close to those of the narrower part of the pore.
Object Grouping in Children: A Revised Look at the Iconic-Symbolic Approach

Normally functioning children (22 each at grades K, 2, 4, and 6) were exposed to the iconic-symbolic (I-S) subtest of the Muma Assessment Program (Muma & Muma, 1979). Instructions recommended for the I-S subtest (a classification task) were revised to align them with other studies of classification found in the literature. In a further departure from standard I-S testing protocols, subjects were required to provide rationale statements that justified their object pairings. Rationales then were evaluated on the degree of isomorphism between the object grouping criteria presumed a priori by the I-S and the actual criteria provided by subjects. Compared to an earlier study that used I-S materials, current results showed a higher level of isomorphic rationale under revised instruction; a non-linear relationship between subject age and selection of symbolic (ostensibly more abstract) object pairings; a tendency for subjects at grade 2 and older to shift their classification criteria as the test progressed. Res...
UGT1A1 genotype-guided phase I study of irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine.

Purpose We performed a UGT1A1 genotype-guided study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and evaluate the toxicities and pharmacokinetics of the combination of capecitabine (CAP), oxaliplatin (OX), and irinotecan (IRIN). Experimental design Patients were screened for UGT1A1 *28 genotype prior to treatment. The starting dose (mg/m2) was IRIN (150), OX (85) and CAP (400), days 2–15. Doses were escalated or de-escalated within each genotype group (*28/*28, *1/*28 and *1/*1). IRIN pharmacokinetics was performed at the MTD. Results 50 patients were evaluable for toxicity [11 (*28/*28); 18 (*1/*28); 21 (*1/*1)]. UGT1A1 *28/*28 patients experienced hematologic dose limiting toxicity (DLT), requiring dose-de-escalation. The UGT1A1 *28/*28 recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was IRIN (75), OX (85), and CAP (400). In contrast, both UGT1A1 *1/*28 and *1/*1 tolerated higher doses of IRIN and non-hematologic toxicity was dose limiting for UGT1A1 *1/*1. The RP2D was IRIN (150), OX (85), and CAP (400) for UGT1A1*1/*28 and IRIN (150), OX (100), and CAP (1600) for UGT1A1 *1/*1. UGT1A1 *1/*28 and *1/*1 patients treated with IRIN (150) had similar AUCs for the active irinotecan metabolite, SN38 (366 +/− 278 and 350 +/− 159 ng/ml*hr, respectively). UGT1A1 *28/*28 patients (n = 3) treated with a lower IRIN dose (100) had non-significantly higher mean SN38 exposures (604 +/− 289 ng/ml*hr, p = 0.14). Antitumor activity was observed in all genotype groups. Conclusions UGT1A1 genotype affects the dose and pharmacokinetics of the CAPIRINOX regimen and UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing of CAPIRINOX is ongoing in a phase II study of small bowel cancer (NCT00433550).
The Practice of Theory Borrowing in Organizational Studies: Current Issues and Future Directions

The borrowing and application of concepts and theories from underlying disciplines, such as psychology and sociology, is commonplace in organization theory. This article critically reviews this practice in organizational research. It discusses the borrowing of theoretical perspectives across vertical (cross-level) and horizontal (cross-context) boundaries and makes an associated distinction between theories in organizations and theories of organizations. It also explicates several unintended consequences and metatheoretical challenges associated with theory borrowing and highlights the legitimate reasons and ways for borrowing theories. By way of example, this article reviews how theories and concepts have been borrowed and applied in organizational research from two different literatures: individual identity and social movements. Overall, it is argued that treating organizations as social actors is the key to appropriate horizontal and vertical theory borrowing in organizational studies, in that it highl...
A two-level queueing system for interactive browsing and searching of video content

This paper presents a two-level queueing system for dynamic summarization and interactive searching of video content. Video frames enter the queueing system; some insignificant and redundant frames are removed; the remaining frames are pulled out of the system as top-level key frames. Using an energy-minimization method, the first queue removes the video frames that constitute the gradual transitions of video shots. The second queue measures the content similarity of video frames and reduces redundant frames. In the queueing system, all key frames are linked in a directed-graph index structure, allowing video content to be accessed at any level-of-detail. Furthermore, this graph-based index structure enables interactive video content exploration, and the system is able to retrieve the video key frames that complement the video content already viewed by users. Experimental results on four full-length videos show that our queueing system performs much better than two existing methods on video key frame selection at different compression ratios. The evaluation on video content search shows that our interactive system is more effective than other systems on eight video searching tasks. Compared with the regular media player, our system reduces the average content searching time by half.
Characterization of interior cleavage of retinoblastoma protein in apoptosis

Previously we reported that at the onset of apoptotic execution, retinoblastoma protein (RB) was cleaved in its interior region, resulting in production of two major fragments, p48 and p68, and that the RB interior cleavage was mediated by a caspase-like activity. Here, we further characterized the RB interior cleavage process in human leukemia cells treated with the anticancer agent etoposide. We found that the RB interior cleavage activity was much more sensitive to two specific tetrapeptide caspase inhibitors, YVAD-CMK and DEVD-FMK, than the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage activity, suggesting that two distinct caspases are involved in these processes. Several Asp residues are located in amino acids 341–421 of RB protein, and cleavage of any one of these sites by a caspase would generate a p48, which contains the amino terminus, and a p68 fragment, which contains the A/B pocket and the carboxyl terminus. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that the p48 and p68 fragments had selective binding affinity to different RB antibodies and that the p48 was found only in the low-salt-extracted cytoplasmic fraction, while the p68 was only in the nuclear fraction, of the apoptotic cells. However, the nuclear binding partner of the p68 RB fragment is not the transcription factor E2F-1 since a specific E2F-1 antibody coimmunoprecipitated only the unphosphorylated form of RB, but not the p68 fragment. Lastly, we confirmed that RB also underwent dephosphorylation and carboxyl terminal cleavage during apoptosis, as we and others reported previously. J. Cell. Biochem. 67:399–408, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Thermoelectric Power in the Nearly-Free-Electron Model

The thermoelectric power in the nearly-free-electron model is re-examined with specific reference to the especially long-standing theoretical problem posed by occurrences among pure monovalent metals of a negative Hall coefficient but a positive electron-diffusion thermopower. The physical picture is clarified by referring steady-state excitations of the electron gas to the current-free equilibrium distribution, and a summary is given of the evidence which shows Fermi-surface anisotropy to be unimportant for an explanation of the "reversed sign" thermopowers. It is pointed out that the scattering of an electron by the pseudopotential of a single ion generally exhibits Coulomb-core interference which is the analog of the Coulomb-nuclear interference in nuclear physics, and that this can yield the required energy dependence of the transport mean free path. This is illustrated by a model calculation which allows analytic evaluation of all results and which contains only the simplest ingredients: free electrons, a relaxation time, an isotropic elastic-continuum structure factor for acoustic phonons, and a point-ion pseudopotential. The model can accommodate a rather wide range of thermopower coefficients of either sign, and allows a sharp reversal of sign for modest changes of the parameters. Although no quantitative comparison is attempted, estimates of the parameter values appropriate to real systems indicate that Coulomb-core interference effects discriminate between real metals rather satisfactorily and are, in fact, strong enough to produce positive thermopowers with little, if any, additional help.
Generation of smooth continuum centered at 1.15 um for ultrahigh resolution OCT

We report a broad-band continuum light source with high power, low noise and a smooth spectrum centered at 1.15 mm for ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT). The continuum is generated by self-phase modulation using a compact 1.059 mm femtosecond laser pumping a novel photonic crystal fiber, which has a convex dispersion profile with no zero dispersion wavelengths. The emission spectrum ranges from 800 to 1300 nm and results in a measured axial resolution of ~2.8 mm in air. We demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution OCT imaging of biological tissue using this light source.
Proper Protein Glycosylation Promotes Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Fidelity

The ability of cells to sense and respond appropriately to changing environmental conditions is often mediated by signal transduction pathways that employ mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) and filamentous growth (FG) pathways are activated following hyperosmotic stress and nutrient deprivation, respectively. Whereas the HOG pathway requires the MAPK Hog1, the FG pathway employs the MAPK Kss1. We conducted a comprehensive screen of nearly 5000 gene deletion strains for mutants that exhibit inappropriate cross-talk between the HOG and FG pathways. We identified two novel mutants, mnn10Δ and mnn11Δ, that allow activation of Kss1 under conditions that normally stimulate Hog1. MNN10 and MNN11 encode mannosyltransferases that are part of the N-glycosylation machinery within the Golgi apparatus; deletion of either gene results in N-glycosylated proteins that have shorter mannan chains. Deletion of the cell surface mucin Msb2 suppr...
JMJD6 is a histone arginine demethylase

Arginine methylation occurs on a number of proteins involved in a variety of cellular functions. Histone tails are known to be mono- and dimethylated on multiple arginine residues where they influence chromatin remodeling and gene expression. To date, no enzyme has been shown to reverse these regulatory modifications. We demonstrate that the Jumonji domain–containing 6 protein (JMJD6) is a JmjC-containing iron- and 2-oxoglutarate–dependent dioxygenase that demethylates histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2) and histone H4 at arginine 3 (H4R3) in both biochemical and cell-based assays. These findings may help explain the many developmental defects observed in the JMJD6–/– knockout mice.
Weed control with selected herbicides in acetolactate synthase-resistant sorghum

Abstract The recent development of grain sorghum hybrids with resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides has allowed for the use of several post-emergence applied (POST) ALS-inhibitors to control weeds in the crop. Field experiments were conducted at four sites in Kansas in 2008 to evaluate the efficacy of nicosulfuron and nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone or in combination with dicamba, metsulfuron methyl, and atrazine. All POST treatments slightly injured sorghum 2 weeks after treatment (WAT) at Garden City and Hesston, whereas at Hays and Manhattan, only treatments that included dicamba caused injury. Nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone provided 41, 83, 74, and 93% control of grasses 4 WAT at Garden City, Hays, Hesston, and Manhattan, respectively. However, to obtain the highest level broadleaf weed control, nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron need to be applied with other broadleaf herbicides. POST treatment of nicosulfuron + metsulfuron methyl + dicamba + atrazine provided 90% or greater control of all broadleaf weeds at sorghum flowering. Sorghum grain yield was greater following all herbicide treatments compared with the weedy check. The POST treatment that provided the highest yield at Garden City was nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + atrazine, whereas in Hesston and Manhattan, nicosulfuron + metsulfuron methyl + dicamba + atrazine provided the highest yields. This research showed that many grasses can be effectively controlled with POST applications of nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron in ALS-resistant sorghum. The research also indicated that broadleaf weed control is greater when nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron are applied with other broadleaf-control herbicides such as dicamba, metsulfuron methyl, and atrazine.
'a world of knowledge at your fingertips': The promise, reality, and future directions of on-line information retrieval

Medical knowledge resources are increasingly available in electronic form, particularly on the World Wide Web. The promise of this medium is that it offers a vast “world of knowledge at your fingertips.” The reality, however, is somewhat different, as information systems are not well integrated into
Monthly Updates Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic: Does DHEA supplementation affect muscle mass?

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) production declines dramatically with increasing age in people as they loose muscle mass. Animal studies have not shown that DHEA replacement affects body or muscle weight in animals, but does reduce lipids and reduces oxidation, increased with ageing. One research group has shown that growth hormones increase while others decrease during DHEA supplementation of older people. However, DHEA's effect on muscle mass in humans is unclear. DHEA supplementation does restore DHEA levels without apparent toxicity.
Physiological Basis of Cystic Fibrosis: A Historical Perspective

Quinton, Paul. M. Physiological Basis of Cystic Fibrosis: A Historical Perspective. Physiol. Rev. 79, Suppl.: S3–S22, 1999. — Cystic fibrosis made a relatively late entry into medical physiology, a...
Emergency, emergentology, emergentologist

No word exists that identifies the branch of knowledge of emergency medicine. The potpoumi of names applied to those specializing in emergency medicine creates an aura of amorphism. Emergentology and emergentologist , derived from the Latin emergent , are recommended primarily because they are easily pronounced, appropriately descriptive single words that are obviously related to emergency medicine's foundation word — emergency.
Assessing the introduction of enterprise-wide clinical information systems in pediatric medical center

Abstract Advances in computer technology have enabled the evolution from traditionally paper-based medical record systems that are fragmented, with associated difficulties in retrieving critical information, to highly accessible and potentially integrated electronic clinical information systems. Hospitals and clinical environments that have employed electronic information systems until recently have typically done so using department or group-specific systems (i.e., by specialty or clinical practice) offered by separate vendors that are often implemented incrementally. This approach, frequently described as best of breed , has been justified when the individual component systems are deemed the best available options for a given application, even if multiple vendor systems that do not interface are ultimately employed. More recent implementation strategies have involved deployment of single vendor, integrated systems across the entire hospital enterprise. A shift from the best of breed strategy toward the enterprise-wide single vendor application strategy has happened due to cost, medical record fragmentation, strain on the institution's technical and support infrastructure, and the emergence of vendor products designed to serve multiple application needs under a single umbrella. This article builds off our implementation experience at Children's Hospital Boston to describe considerations, including potential benefits and pitfalls, of introducing an enterprise-wide clinical information system in a tertiary care pediatric center.
Reflectance, Solar Absorptivity, and Thermal Emissivity of SiO 2 -Coated Aluminum

The reflectance, solar absorptivity (alpha), and the total normal and hemispherical emissivity (epsilonNu and epsilon) of evaporated aluminum coated with SiO(2) films of various thicknesses were determined. High vacuum evaporation with an electron gun was used for preparing uv transparent undecomposed films of SiO(2) up to thicknesses of more than 3.5 micro Because of their hardness, chemical stability, and excellent adherence, evaporated SiO(2) films were found to be very suitable as protective layers for aluminum front surface mirrors, especially if high reflectance in the uv is required. alpha of SiO(2)-coated Al was determined to be about 11 % and to be essentially independent of the SiO(2) thickness, whereas epsilonNu and epsilon increased with increasing oxide thickness, and reached values of 0.62 and 0.55, respectively, for a SiO(2) thickness of 3.75 micro. Films of this type are, therefore, suitable as surface layers for controlling the temperature of satellites in orbit. Ultraviolet irradiation in vacuum at one and five times the equivalent solar energy decreased the uv and visible reflectance of SiO(2)-coated Al. The effect of this reflectance decrease on alpha/epsilon and on the temperature of an orbiting satellite is discussed.
Kyphosis and paraspinal muscle composition in older men: a cross-sectional study for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) research group.

The prevalence of hyperkyphosis is increased in older men; however, risk factors other than age and vertebral fractures are not well established. We previously reported that poor paraspinal muscle composition contributes to more severe kyphosis in a cohort of both older men and women. To specifically evaluate this association in older men, we conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association of paraspinal muscle composition and degree of thoracic kyphosis in an analytic cohort of 475 randomly selected participants from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study with baseline abdominal quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans and plain thoracic radiographs. Baseline abdominal QCT scans were used to obtain abdominal body composition measurements of paraspinal muscle and adipose tissue distribution. Supine lateral spine radiographs were used to measure Cobb angle of kyphosis. We examined the linear association of muscle volume, fat volume and kyphosis using loess plots. Multivariate linear models were used to investigate the association between muscle and kyphosis using total muscle volume, as well as individual components of the total muscle volume, including adipose and muscle compartments alone, controlling for age, height, vertebral fractures, and total hip bone mineral density (BMD). We examined these associations among those with no prevalent vertebral fracture and those with BMI < 30 kg/m2. Among men in the analytic cohort, means (SD) were 74 (SD = 5.9) years for age, and 37.5 (SD = 11.9) degrees for Cobb angle of kyphosis. Men in the lowest tertile of total paraspinal muscle volume had greater mean Cobb angle than men in the highest tertile, although test of linear trend across tertiles did not reach statistical significance. Neither lower paraspinal skeletal muscle volume (p-trend = 0.08), or IMAT (p-trend = 0.96) was associated with greater kyphosis. Results were similar among those with no prevalent vertebral fractures. However, among men with BMI < 30 kg/m2, those in the lowest tertile of paraspinal muscle volume had greater adjusted mean kyphosis (40.0, 95% CI: 37.8 – 42.1) compared to the highest tertile (36.3, 95% CI: 34.2 – 38.4). These results suggest that differences in body composition may potentially influence kyphosis.
PARAMETERIZED FERROELECTRIC CAPACITOR MACROMODEL SUITABLE FOR MIXED SIGNAL CIRCUIT DESIGN APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT Available ferroelectric capacitor modeling has focused on the switching behavior associated with nonvolatile memories. Our capacitor model is suitable for mixed signal circuit design applications. The model not only reproduces the charge storage, transient polarizing current behavior and state retention occurring within the ferroelectric thin film capacitor but also models film non-idealities imprint effect, switching fatigue and leakage current. The model is implemented as a SPICE macromodel element. Model verification is performed through the comparison of spice simulations and measurement results for both ferroelectric polarization-voltage (P-V) hysteresis loop and circuit design example.