cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MRNA EXPRESSION IN XENOPUS LAEVIS CNS : SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND REGULATION IN LARYNGEAL MOTOR NUCLEUS

Using Northern analysis, in situ hybridization, and nuclease protection assays, the expression and regulation of androgen receptor messenger RNA (AR mRNA) was examined in the CNS of juvenile Xenopus laevis. Only one of the AR mRNA isoforms expressed in X. laevis is transcribed in the CNS as shown by Northern blot analysis. Nuclease protection assays demonstrate that the expression of AR mRNA is higher in the brain stem than in the telencephalon and diencephalon. Although expression of AR mRNA is widespread throughout the CNS, cells of cranial nerve nucleus IX-X (N. IX-X) and spinal cord display the highest in situ hybridization signals in their cytoplasm. Double labeling using horseradish peroxidase and digoxigenin labeled AR probes reveals that laryngeal and anterior spinal cord motor neurons express AR mRNA. More cells express AR mRNA in N. IX-X of males than of females. The number of AR expressing cells in N. IX-X decreases following gonadectomy in both sexes, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment for 1 month reverses this effect. Increased expression of AR mRNA in the brain of DHT treated animals is also apparent in nuclease protection assays. Sex differences in number of AR expressing cells and hormone regulation of AR mRNA expression in motor nuclei may influence neuromuscular systems devoted to sexually differentiated behaviors. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pressure-induced changes in molecular conformation in liquid alkanes

LIQUID linear alkanes at room temperature and pressure exist in a mixture of molecular shapes. The n-heptane molecule, for example, has 13 possible distinct conformations with up to four gauche bonds distributed along its length. In the crystal, however, all the molecules assume the all-trans, straight chain shape. We have studied the conformations of chain molecules in the liquid state in various conditions using Raman scattering as a probe1. We have looked particularly at what happens to the shapes of linear alkane molecules subjected to high pressures in the liquid state. We speculated that as the pressure on a liquid of chain molecules was increased toward the freezing point that the chains might begin to straighten out. In fact, we found that an increase in pressure caused an increase in the number of gauche bonds, that is, pressure caused the molecules to become more globular.
The cytochrome system of Bacillus megaterium KM. The presence and some properties of two CO-binding cytochromes.

Abstract 1. Difference spectra of Bacillus megaterium KM membrane preparations indicate the presence of two pigments which bind CO and which exhibit the spectral characteristics of cytochromes a 3 and o . Relative amounts of the pigments vary with growth stage of the organism, but both are present at all stages which have been investigated. The pigments are believed to be metabolically active because they are completely reducible by substrate (NADH) and are reoxidizable in the presence of air. CO difference spectra of whole cell suspensions are in agreement with spectra of the isolated membrane fragments. In particulate preparations and in whole cells, CO difference spectra suggest that the a 3 component binds CO much more readily than the o component; this behavior offers a possible explanation for the fact that cytochrome o has been detected in only a few other microorganisms, since CO binding is by definition the property used to identify this cytochrome. 2. A separation of the two CO-binding pigments is obtained by incubation of membrane preparations with pancreatic lipase. This treatment selectively removes the o pigment from the membrane, leaving the a 3 component associated with an enzymatically active particulate fraction.
Costs and Benefits of Head up Displays: An Attention Perspective and a Meta Analysis

This paper reports a meta analysis of all studies located in the literature that have compared head up versus head down display of equivalent information, as these displays support both tracking (e.g., flight path control) and discrete event detection. The data clearly indicate a HUD advantage for most tasks, except tracking during cruise flight and event detection during final approach. The latter HUD cost however is observed only when events to be detected are entirely unexpected, reflecting a form of cognitive tunneling. The meta-analysis also reveals an advantage for conformal over non-conformal HUD imagery.
Fluorescence properties of human serum albumin: effect of dialysis and charcoal treatment.

Abstract The fluorescence characteristics of several commercial samples of human serum albumin were examined before and after treatment to remove bound impurities. The emission spectra of the untreated samples varied in shape, and the relative quantum yields with 280 nm excitation varied widely (standard deviation from the mean was 26.4%). Dialysis and charcoal treatment minimized the spectral differences, but the quantum yields still varied (15.3% standard deviation from the mean). Evidence indicated that fluorescent impurities were present in some samples, while nonfluorescent quenching contaminants were present in others. The fluorescence decay kinetics of all human serum albumin samples examined were multiexponential when excited with a picosecond tunable dye laser operated at 294 nm. The decay kinetics of samples said to be “crystalline” differed even after charcoal treatment. The effect of impurities on optical studies of human serum albumin is discussed.
Risk-constrained energy management with multiple wind farms

To achieve the goal of high wind power penetration in future smart grids, economic energy management accounting for the stochastic nature of wind power is of paramount importance. Multi-period economic dispatch and demand-side management for power systems with multiple wind farms is considered in this paper. To address the challenge of intrinsically stochastic availability of the non-dispatchable wind power, a chance-constrained optimization problem is formulated to limit the risk of supply-demand imbalance based on the loss-of-Ioad probability (LOLP). Since the spatio-temporal joint distribution of the wind power generation is intractable, a novel scenario approximation technique using Monte Carlo sampling is pursued. Enticingly, the problem structure is leveraged to obtain a sample-size-free problem formulation, thus making it possible to accommodate a very small LOLP requirement even with a long scheduling time horizon. Finally, to capture the temporal and spatial correlation among power outputs of multiple wind farms, an autoregressive model is introduced to generate the required samples based on wind speed distribution models as well as the wind-speed-to-power-output mappings. Numerical results are provided to corroborate the effectiveness of the novel approach.
Some chelating C-donor ligands in hydrogen transfer and related catalysis

Abstract Recent work is discussed that throws light on synthetic, steric, and electronic aspects of NHC complexes as well as on outer sphere effects in their reactivity. The chemistry of the NHC ligand is much more complex than the more traditional phosphines and provides much greater possibilities for altering steric and electronic properties for tuning reactivity. In synthetic work the Lin Ag 2 O method is shown to be inapplicable to the synthesis of abnormal NHCs bound via C-4(5) where the C2 position is blocked with CH 3 , because Ag(I) oxidizes the CH 3 group to formate with formation of the normal C-2 bound Ag–NHC. Linker effects on the behavior of chelating NHCs depend on the linker locking the azole rings into a conformation that depends on linker length. This gives rise to different complexes being formed when different linker lengths are employed. The failure of M–NHC bonds to reversibly dissociate can prevent potentially chelating bis and tris NHC precursors from forming the desired products but instead being trapped in a kinetic nonchelate form. Imidazolium carboxylates prove to be synthetically useful in that they can act as excellent NHC transfer agents to a variety of transition metals. The Tolman electronic parameter of NHCs can be determined by a variety of experimental and computational methods. Anion dependent chemistry can give rise to a switching of the product of imidazolium salt metallation from normal (C-2) to abnormal (C-4(5)) forms.
Irreducible imprecision in atmospheric and oceanic simulations

Atmospheric and oceanic computational simulation models often successfully depict chaotic space–time patterns, flow phenomena, dynamical balances, and equilibrium distributions that mimic nature. This success is accomplished through necessary but nonunique choices for discrete algorithms, parameterizations, and coupled contributing processes that introduce structural instability into the model. Therefore, we should expect a degree of irreducible imprecision in quantitative correspondences with nature, even with plausibly formulated models and careful calibration (tuning) to several empirical measures. Where precision is an issue (e.g., in a climate forecast), only simulation ensembles made across systematically designed model families allow an estimate of the level of relevant irreducible imprecision.
Application of the many sources asymptotic in downscaling Internet-like Networks

In our earlier work by Fragkiskos Papadopoulos, et al. (2005), we have presented two methods to scale down the topology of the Internet, while preserving important performance metrics. We have shown that the methods can be used to greatly simplify and expedite performance prediction. The key insight that we have leveraged is that only the congested links along the path of each flow introduce sizable queueing delays and dependencies among flows. Based on this, we have shown that it is possible to infer the performance of the larger Internet by creating and observing a suitably scaled- down replica, consisting of the congested links only. However, two main assumptions of our approach were that uncongested links are known in advance, and that the queueing delays imposed by such links are negligible. In this paper we provide rules that can be used to identify uncongested links when these are not known, and we theoretically establish the conditions under which the negligible queueing delay assumption is valid. In particular, we first identify scenarios under which one can easily deduce whether a link imposes negligible queueing by inspecting the network topology. Then, we identify scenarios in which this is not possible and use known results based on the large deviations theory to approximate the queue length distribution. Finally, we use this approximation to decide which links are uncongested, and show that in the many- sources limit the queueing delays of uncongested links are indeed negligible. Our results are verified using simulations with TCP traffic.
Immune responses during administration of adriamycin and Corynebacterium parvum.

Intraperitoneal injections of C57BLj6 mice with Adriamycin or Corynebacterium parvum 3 days prior to injections of sheep red blood cells produced a stimulation of direct (19S) and indirect (7S) plaque-forming cell response. Simultaneous administration of both agents increased significantly the stimulatory effect on the plaque-forming cell response. Injections of Adriamycin did not affect the spleen weight, whereas C. parvum increased the weight of the spleen. The reducing effect of C. parvum on the thymus weight was blocked when the vaccine was administered simultaneously with Adriamycin. Adriamycin alone did not affect the weight of the thymus.
Intracerebroventricular administration of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antisense oligonucleotides attenuate thirst in the rat.

The central actions of the peptide hormone angiotensin II (AngII) are importantly involved in body fluid homeostasis. Included amongst these actions is a potent dipsogenic response that has been implicated in the thirst that develops during many forms of extracellular dehydration. The use of highly selective receptor antagonists has revealed that the Type 1 (AT1), and not the Type 2 (AT2), AngII receptor subtype mediates this drinking response. More recently, antisense oligonucleotides specific for the AT1 receptor have been developed and after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration, they significantly reduce the dipsogenic response elicited by a similar injection of AngII. In the present study AT1 antisense oligonucleotides were used to further investigate their effect on experimentally induced thirst in the rat. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of biotin-labeled oligonucleotides was performed in order to correlate the behavioral effects of the oligonucleotides with their distribution in the brain. The results demonstrated that the antidipsogenic effects of the oligonucleotides were dose and time-dependent and were limited to those thirst challenges that involve activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Collectively, these results demonstrate the efficacy and behavioral specificity of these oligonucleotides, as well as their utility in investigating the physiological role of cerebral AngII receptor subpopulations in various models of thirst.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Associated With the Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome

Objective We report the first case of restrictive cardiomyopathy occurring in a patient with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Design In this article, we discuss the various clinical manifestations of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Material and Methods In a 46-year-old woman with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, orthopnea, chronic persistent edema, and severe dyspnea on exertion developed 2 years after she had discontinued use of l-tryptophan. Doppler echocardiography showed ventricular filling confined to early diastole and no atrial filling during ventricular systole—the Doppler hallmarks of restrictive disease. Right-sided cardiac catheterization revealed that the pulmonary wedge pressure equaled the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and the mean right atrial pressure. A myocardial biopsy specimen showed dense endocardial fibrosis. Special immunofluorescent stains for eosinophilic granule major basic protein showed substantial deposition along the endocardial-myocardial interface, an indication that eosinophils were present some time in the past. Results A follow-up telephone call 14 months after the patient's initial assessment at the Mayo Clinic revealed that she had class III symptoms of congestive heart failure. She was receiving high doses of three diuretics daily, and her condition had improved considerably since her first examination at our institution. Conclusion Restrictive cardiomyopathy may occur in the setting of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and should be considered in patients with this disease in whom exertional dyspnea and peripheral edema occur.
Epitaxial growth of lithium niobate thin films by the solid source MOCVD method

Abstract Very high-quality single-phase, single-crystal films of LiNbO 3 were deposited on both sapphire and LiTaO 3 substrates for optical-waveguide applications by the solid-source MOCVD method. Parametric studies have led to the optimization of process-control variables such that reproducible results can be obtain with respect to film composition, crystallinity, and surface roughness. An initial study on the quality of commercial sapphire substrates has revealed variable quality and a heat-treatment procedure which can alter the surface structure. Optical losses were low-but still significant when compared to Ti-indiffused LiNbO 3 waveguides.
A robust false transient method of lines for elliptic partial differential equations

c A more robust method of solving elliptic PDEs is developed and discussed. c A comparison of the false transient and the proposed method is explained. c Several engineering/transport examples are considered. c Linear solutions are described using matrix algebra and matrix exponentials. c Nonlinear problems are solved, including unstable steady state solutions. abstract Elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) are frequently used to model a variety of engineering phenomena, such as steady-state heat conduction in a solid, or reaction-diffusion type problems. However, computing a solution can sometimes be difficult or inefficient using standard solvers. Techniques have been developed, including the method of lines (Schiesser, 1991), which can solve parabolic PDEs using well developed numerical solvers, but are not directly applicable to elliptic PDEs. The method of false transients overcomes this limitation by arbitrarily introducing a pseudo time derivative to modify the elliptic PDE to a parabolic PDE. However, this technique diverges for certain problems, such as when the solution is an unstable equilibrium point. A Jacobian-based perturbation approach is presented as an alternative for situations when the standard false-transient method fails. Two examples are shown to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method over the false transient method.
Slashes on Seismic Records

The mechanism involved in the generation of large-amplitude pulses caused by electrical bursts, which appear from time to time on seismic recordings, is analyzed in terms of a VLF transmitter/ receiver system. This method affords a systematic approach to the generation, propagation, and reception of static bursts and the way they are transformed into low-frequency pulses by the seismic recording instruments. To begin with, the basic building blocks of the transmitter/receiver system are defined in terms of the seismic recording system. Subsequently, each block is analyzed in some detail to determine the condition necessary for the reception of static bursts, in particular those generated by lightning, from great distances. Experimental results are included to test several of the hypotheses formulated in the course of the analysis. The main cause responsible for the high sensitivity of the recording instruments to static bursts is traced to the low common-mode rejection of the input transformer in the VLF band. Most of the electromagnetic energy radiated by lightning discharges is concentrated within this band.
Disciplining Organizational Communication Studies

The authors argue that, although ostensibly organizational communication as a field of study appears fragmented, one can make the case for its status as a discipline. This status is rooted in four ...
Harvesting iliac bone graft: decreasing the morbidity.

Abstract Objective: This is a review of modifications made to the classic technique for harvesting bone graft from the iliac crest. Prior techniques for harvesting iliac bone often resulted in significant postoperative pain, disability, and a cosmetically unacceptable scar and contour deformity. Design: A retrospective review of patients who underwent bone graft harvest over a 7-year period was done. Interventions: The modifications described use a skin incision medial to the anterior superior iliac crest. The medial aspect of the iliac crest is elevated along the midsagital axis of the crest. The medial cap is reflected outward, exposing cancellous bone. Results: A review of 51 patients demonstrated only two minor self-limiting complications. Conclusions: This procedure provides an abundant supply of both cortical and cancellous bone, an aesthetically acceptable scar, and decreased patient discomfort.
Looking to the Future Themes from the Third National Conference for Counseling Psychology

Across the five work groups that comprised the Third National Conference for Counseling Psychology a number of common themes emerged. Discussions of identity affirmed the value of the scientist-practitioner model and of traditional strengths such as prevention, life-span development, and skill-building as well as innovative and nontraditional functions. Among the ideas that were endorsed by multiple workgroups were strategies to enhance counseling psychology's visibility and political strength and to build mechanisms for proactive planning into governance. Ways to improve the training of counseling psychologists by enhancing rigor, scientific thinking, professional identity, and ability to work in diverse and emerging settings also received substantial attention. Overall, deliberations of the groups resulted in substantial convergence and a set of specific goals and plans for the future.
Preconditioning principles for preventing sports injuries in adolescents and children

Preseason preconditioning can be accomplished well over a 4-week period with a mandatory period of rest as we have discussed. Athletic participation must be guided by a gradual increase of skills performance in the child assessed after a responsible preconditioning program applying physiologic parameters as outlined. Clearly, designing a preconditioning program is a dynamic process when accounting for all the variables in training discussed so far. Despite the physiologic demands of sport and training, we still need to acknowledge the psychologic maturity and welfare of the child so as to ensure that the sport environment is a wholesome and emotionally rewarding experience.
Acne Fulminans Treated with Isotretinoin and “Pulse” Corticosteroids

Acne fulminans (AF) is a rare and severe form of acne that occurs almost exclusively in white adolescent boys. We report AF in a 16-year-old white boy developing 14 months after the onset of uncomplicated acne vulgaris. The symptomatology, etiology, treatment, and prognosis of AF are discussed.
Cardiovascular Complications of Pregnancy

Pregnancy causes significant metabolic and hemodynamic changes in a woman's physiology to allow for fetal growth. The inability to adapt to these changes might result in the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (hypertension, preeclampsia or eclampsia), gestational diabetes and preterm birth. Contrary to previous beliefs these complications are not limited to the pregnancy period and may leave permanent vascular and metabolic damage. There is in addition, a direct association between these disorders and increased risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and diabetes mellitus. Despite abundant evidence of this association, women who present with these complications of pregnancy do not receive adequate postpartum follow up and counseling regarding their increased risk of future CVD. The postpartum period in these women represents a unique opportunity to intervene with lifestyle modifications designed to reduce the development of premature cardiovascular complications. In some cases it allows early diagnosis and treatment of chronic hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The awareness of this relationship is growing in the medical community, especially among obstetricians and primary care physicians, who play a pivotal role in detecting these complications and assuring appropriate follow up.
Atypical presentations of acute cerebrovascular syndromes

Correct diagnosis of acute stroke is of paramount importance to clinicians to enable selection of correct treatments and to ensure prevention of acute complications, including recurrent stroke. Timely diagnosis can be difficult in some cases because patients with acute stroke can present with atypical or uncommon symptoms that suggest another cause altogether. Publications on these patients suggest that the following strategies could help to reduce misdiagnosis. First, clinicians should suspect stroke in any patient with abrupt onset of neurological symptoms. Second, clinicians should be aware that some patients will initially present with various uncommon and atypical stroke symptoms. Third, a complete and systematic neurological examination should be routinely done in patients presenting with acute neurological symptoms because this might shed light on the true nature of the problem. Finally, clinicians should be aware that even with the most sophisticated neuroimaging tests, stroke might be missed in the early hours after the event.
Disneyland Indians: circa Paris, 2014:

A four-act historical ethnodrama critiques the Paris Disneyland, Buffalo Bill Wild West Show and its use of Native Americans as re-enactors of a wild west that never was. The play asks if new stori...
Network discovery using wide-area surveillance data

Network discovery of clandestine groups and their organization is a primary objective of wide-area surveillance systems. An overall approach and workflow to discover a foreground network embedded within a much larger background, using vehicle tracks observed in wide-area video surveillance data is presented and analyzed in this paper. The approach consists of four steps, each with their own specific algorithms: vehicle tracking, destination detection, cued graph exploration, and cued graph detection. Cued graph exploration on the simulated insurgent network data is shown to discover 87% of the foreground graph using only 0.5% of the total tracks or graph's total size. Graph detection on the explored graphs is shown to achieve a probability of detection of 87% with a 1.5% false alarm probability. We use wide-area, aerial video imagery and a simulated vehicle network data set that contains a clandestine insurgent network to evaluate algorithm performance. The proposed approach offers significant improvements in human analyst efficiency by cueing analysts to examine the most significant parts of wide-area surveillance data.
The influence of sleep duration and sleep-related symptoms on baseline neurocognitive performance among male and female high school athletes

Typically, the effects of sleep duration on cognition are examined in isolation. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of restricted sleep and related symptoms on neurocognitive performance. METHOD: Baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and postconcussion symptom scale (PCSS) were administered to athletes (N = 7,150) ages 14-17 (M = 15.26, SD = 1.09) prior to sport participation. Three groups of athletes were derived from total sleep duration: sleep restriction (≤5 hours), typical sleep (5.5-8.5 hours), and optimal sleep (≥9 hours). A MANCOVA (age and sex as covariates) was conducted to examine differences across ImPACT/PCSS. Follow-up MANOVA compared ImPACT/PCSS performance among symptomatic (e.g., trouble falling asleep, sleeping less than usual) adolescents from the sleep restriction group (n = 78) with asymptomatic optimal sleepers (n = 99). RESULTS: A dose-response effect of sleep duration on ImPACT performance and PCSS was replicated (Wilk's λ =.98, F2,7145 = 17.25, p CONCLUSION: Examining the combination of sleep-related symptoms and reduced sleep duration effectively identified adolescents at risk for poor neurocognitive performance than sleep duration alone. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
Tewa Red and the Puebloan diaspora: The making of Ledbetter Red

In the 17th and early 18th centuries, Native American potters in the vicinity of the Scott County Pueblo (14SC1) in western Kansas produced a local copy of unpainted Tewa red ware known as Ledbetter Red. We examine the red-slipped unpainted ceramics from 14SC1 and two nearby sites, 14SC304, and 14SC409, using macroscopic data on slip and paste attributes, petrographic data on inclusions, and oxidation data on slip and paste colors to compare Ledbetter Red with Tewa Red and with the ancestral Apache ceramics native to the study area, and also to evaluate differences in Ledbetter Red between sites. Changes in the execution of Ledbetter Red between earlier (14SC1) and later (14SC304 and 14SC409) sites may represent the work of newly arrived Puebloan potters and then their descendants raised in ancestral Plains Apache territory. Although some Tewa Red traits were deemphasized or abandoned in Ledbetter Red over time, the red slip was maintained and actually improved in quality in later examples. The highly visible red color might have been symbolically the most important aspect of Ledbetter Red bowls, reflecting the ethnic and historical complexity of these protohistoric Plains communities.
Consolidated Returns Before the Promulgation of the Debt Discharge Regulations: What's Reasonable?

Lawrence M. Axelrod discusses the chief counsel notice regarding debt discharge regulations.
Mullā Ṣadrā and the Project of Transcendent Philosophy

In this study, we have endeavored to elucidate the ‘project’ of Mullā Ṣadrā's transcendent philosophy (al-ḥikma al-mutaʿāliya), an expression that Ṣadrā himself saw fit to describe his philosophical works. The meaning and method of Ṣadrā's transcendent philosophy, which inform his unique philosophical positions, can be better understood when it is placed against the backdrop of discursive philosophy (ḥikma baḥthiyya) of the Muslim peripatetics (al-mashshāʾīn). In explaining the project of transcendent philosophy, Ṣadrā suggests that the mutaʿllih (deiform one) like any other ordinary philosopher builds theoretical models to describe the nature of reality and its diverse phenomena. However, what sets him/her apart from the latter is that he/she believes that through spiritual practices his/her soul can be transformed to the extent that he/she can attain presential knowledge (al-ʿilm al-ḥuḍūrī) of the reality of being (ḥaqīqat al-wujūd). That is, he/she can well penetrate the true essences (al-dhawāt) of things insofar as this is a possibility.
Histochemistry XLIV. Use of Density Gradient for Isolation of Mast Cells.

SummaryThe procedure of Padawer and Gordon for the isolation of mast cells from peritoneal washings was modified to employ a sucrose density gradient, and along with other changes in certain details, a procedure was elaborated that regularly provides mast cells 100% pure with respect to cell type in yields up to 87% with respect to the original washings.
Resolving the Regioregularity of Poly(N-n-hexyl-N′-phenylcarbodiimide) via Nitrogen-15 Labeling

Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were performed on an isotope-enriched poly(N-n-hexyl-N′-phenylcarbodiimide) to determine directly the connectivity and regioregularity of a polymer. Up to this point, the imine, C═N, IR stretch at 1660–1620 cm–1 was thought to be a sufficient handle to elucidate the presence or absence of a regioregular microstructure; however, recent findings cast some uncertainties when expanded to all polycarbodiimides. Therefore, an enriched 15N NMR study was undertaken to unambiguously resolve that a N-n-hexyl-N′-phenylcarbodiimide, when polymerized with a 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide trichlorotitanium(IV) catalyst in chloroform, will produce a completely regioregular polymer. The only regioisomer present is the one in which the phenyl pendant group is positioned on the imino-nitrogen. The study was expanded to a chiral, (R)-BINOL-Ti(IV)-diisopropoxide catalyst which revealed no change in the regioisomer or the degree of regioregulari...
Predation/Predatory Insects

Publisher Summary This article emphasizes the diverse ways in which predaceous insects live. Many insect predators carry out active hunting. The adults of tiger beetles (Cicindellidae), ground beetles (Carabidae), and many ants (Formicidae) actively run over the ground to capture prey. Many walking or crawling predators, including ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae), lacewing larvae (Chrysopidae), syrphid fly larvae (Syrphidae), and predatory bugs (Hemiptera) feed on sedentary insects such as aphids and scale insects or on eggs and young larvae of more mobile species. Other insect predators are agile flyers and actively snatch insects out of the air. Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) have large eyes and strong wings and feed mainly on mosquitoes and other small flying insects. Robber flies (Asilidae) also catch their prey on the wing, but will often tackle and subdue insects at least their own size, even bees and wasps. Their legs are very strong and they have piercing mouthparts to suck up prey juices. Other insects, such as many social wasps (Vespidae), pluck insects from the ground or vegetation while flying. Many predaceous insects live in fresh water and pursue prey by swimming. The giant water bugs (Belostomatidae) are excellent swimmers and often capture and subdue small fish and tadpoles. Further, insect predators are more important in the regulation of their prey species than is commonly thought. Because they often leave no identifiable remains after devouring prey, the extent of predation is hard to quantify.
Consumption and Utilization of Bermuda Grass by Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae were reared on seven Bermuda-grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., clones. Consumption, utilization, preference, and suitability were determined for sixth instar larvae on all clones tested. Low nitrogen and digestibility levels found in ‘Alicia’ and ‘OSU 6-7’ leaves limited larval growth and development. A host-suitability index showed that ‘Coastal’ and ‘GA. 77-56’ were less resistant to fall armyworm than were ‘Alicia’ and ‘OSU 6-7.’ ‘Coastal,’ ‘GA. 77-26,’ and ‘GA. 77-56’ Bermuda grasses were preferred over the other clones, while ‘Alicia’ and ‘OSU 6-7’ were the least preferred.
The configurational statistics of a polymer confined to a wedge of interior angle alpha

The probability distribution for the end-to-end length of a polymer of N segments confined in a wedge of interior angle α is obtained (2π ≥·α > 0). The result is used to evaluate the partition function, Q, for the cases: (1) one end free - one end tied to the vertex, Q is proportional to γNN-π/2α both ends tied to each other at the vertex, Q, is proportional to γNN-3/2 - π/α.
Reactions of O(3P) with Alkenes: H, CH2CHO, CO, and OH Channels

The H, CH2CHO, CO, and OH products of the reaction of O(3P) atom with alkenes were studied by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) under single-collision conditions. The average kinetic energies of the H atoms were 10−12 kcal/mol. The CO and OH rotational state populations were characterized by near room temperature Boltzmann distributions. The relative LIF intensities of the various products provide vivid proof of the following mechanism for the reaction of O(3P) atoms with molecules of the form R‘RCCH2, where R‘ and R are H or an alkyl group. The O atom attaches itself to the less substituted carbon atom forming a triplet ketocarbene. There is a barrier to the release of an H atom, and the rate of release must compete with the rate of intersystem crossing. If an H atom is not released, following the intersystem crossing an H atom migrates to the adjacent C atom forming an energized aldehyde, R‘RCH−CHO. The aldehyde dissociates unimolecularly forming the pair of radicals R‘• and the substituted vinoxy •RCH−C...
An unconventional route to becoming a cell biologist

I am honored to be the E. B. Wilson Award recipient for 2015. As we know, it was E. B. Wilson who popularized the concept of a "stem cell" in his book The Cell in Development and Inheritance (1896, London: Macmillan & Co.). Given that stem cell research is my field and that E. B. Wilson is so revered within the cell biology community, I am a bit humbled by how long it took me to truly grasp his vision and imaginative thinking. I appreciate it deeply now, and on this meaningful occasion, I will sketch my rather circuitous road to cell biology.
Development and Validation of an Immunization Tracking System in a Large Health Maintenance Organization

Practitioners seeing individual patients and those charged with improving immunization practices in that population need accurate information on the epidemiology of immunizations within the population. To meet this need, we have developed a computer-based record of data required by the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 for all immunizations given to 350,000 enrollees in a large health maintenance organization. In the first eight months of operation, 102,271 immunizations representing 11 separate antigens given to 65,676 enrollees were entered into the database. Comparison of immunizations given and recorded in the medical record with the database shows that the system has high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, but a relatively low negative predictive value. The database is being used for analysis of current immunization practices for Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine and for research on adverse outcomes of childhood immunizations.
Penetration of heated and non-heated sodium hypochlorite into lateral canals by apical negative pressure irrigation

The role of irrigation in root canal treatment is crucial; sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used irrigant. Many methods were used to potentiate sodium hypochlorite, one of which is heating of the irrigant. Negative pressure irrigation is a new method of irrigation that was introduced to deliver the solution through the whole root canal length. Sixty single rooted teeth were used in this study. A total of 360 simulated lateral canals were created, 6 in each tooth, with 2 lateral canals at 2, 4.5 and 6 mm of working length. To resemble the clinical situation, a closed system was created by coating each root with soft modeling wax. Roots were then randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: group 1 (n = 20): apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP); group 2 (n = 20): apical negative pressure irrigation with heated irrigant (ANP + Heat); and control group 3 (n = 18): positive pressure irrigation. The samples were evaluated by direct observation of the images recorded by a photography machine. The results showed that ANP and ANP + Heat were more effective than needle irrigation at lateral canal penetration, but there was no significant difference between the groups 1 and 2. Apical negative pressure irrigation is more effective than needle irrigation in penetrating into lateral canals. Heated irrigant did not penetrate better into these canals. Resume Le role de l’irrigation dans le traitement du canal radiculaire est crucial; l’hypochlorite de sodium est la solution d’irrigation la plus utilisee. De nombreux procedes ont ete utilises pour potentialiser l’action de l’hypochlorite de sodium, dont l’echauffement de l’irrigant. L’irrigation negative sous pression est une nouvelle methode d’irrigation qui a ete introduite pour delivrer la solution sur toute la longueur du canal radiculaire. Soixante dents monoradiculees ont ete utilisees dans cette etude. Un total de 360 canaux lateraux ont ete crees, 6 dans chaque dent, avec 2 canaux lateraux a 2, 4,5 et 6 mm de longueur de travail. Pour simuler les memes conditions cliniques, un systeme ferme a ete cree par le revetement de chaque racine avec de la cire a modeler. Les racines ont ensuite ete reparties au hasard a 3 groupes experimentaux: groupe 1 (n = 20): irrigation apicale sous pression negative (ANP); groupe 2 (n = 20): irrigation apicale sous pression negative avec irrigant chauffe (ANP + chaleur); et le groupe temoin 3 (n = 18): irrigation sous pression positive. Les echantillons ont ete evalues par observation directe des photos enregistrees par un appareil de photographie. Les resultats ont montre que l’ANP et l’ANP + chaleur etaient plus efficaces que l’aiguille d’irrigation a la penetration du canal lateral, mais il n’y avait pas de difference significative entre les groupes 1 et 2. L’irrigation apicale sous pression negative e s t plus efficace que l’irrigation sous pression positive. L’irrigant chauffe ne penetrait pas mieux dans les canaux.
Molecular testing of different cytologic preparations in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: which yields the best results?

Introduction This study constitutes the first systematic comparison of molecular results between different cytology preparations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma undergoing testing for EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF mutations. Materials and methods 115 archival cytology preparations (direct smears, ThinPrep preparations [TP], and cell blocks [CB]) from lung adenocarcinomas with known EGFR, KRAS , or BRAF mutations were tested and compared with clinical testing results. Results were compared between preparations and analyzed in relation to tumor purity and tumor cell content. Results 82 (77%) of 106 informative cases were concordant with clinical testing results. There was no significant difference in the concordance rate between CB, TP, air-dried smears, or alcohol-fixed smears ( P = 0.3803), nor between preparations with 50% tumor purity ( P = 0.1147). Concordance rates were lower in preparations with ≤100 tumor cells ( P = 0.0002). Conclusions Smears, TP, and CB are all valid substrates for molecular testing. Although tumor purity did not significantly affect results, low tumor content showed poorer performance. Recording tumor purity and content is recommended.
Similarity Behavior of Population Balance Equations

This chapter deals with the certain “similarity” properties of the solution of population balance equations. The property of similarity manifests in the form of what is often described as a self-similar or self-preserving solution associated with the behavior of many partial differential and integro-partial differential equations. The question of a self-similar solution basically arises when the system has evolved away from the initial condition. There is thus a sense of independence of the self-similar solution from the initial condition. This independence may, however, apply only for a class of initial conditions outside of which no self-similar solution may be attained. The foregoing behavior of self-similarity can be generalized somewhat to accommodate a more general breakage frequency. A different form of scaling behavior is observable in systems in which both aggregation and breakage processes occur together. When both breakage and aggregation processes occur, the question first arises as to whether a steady state distribution can emerge in which the number density remains constant, representing a dynamic balance between the two processes. Whether such a dynamic balance can occur must depend on the relative time scales of the two processes. If breakage occurs much more rapidly than aggregation, then a dynamic balance is not possible, because particles fragment to arbitrarily small sizes without aggregation having the opportunity to compensate for this effect.
A model of tailoring effects: A randomized controlled trial examining the mechanisms of tailoring in a web-based STD screening intervention

Objective This study explores the mechanisms of tailoring within the context of RU@Risk a brief Web-based intervention designed to promote sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing among young adults. This is one of a few studies to empirically examine theorized message processing mechanisms of tailoring and persuasion outcomes in a single model. Method Sexually active college students (N = 1065) completed a pretest, were randomly assigned to explore a tailored or nontailored website, completed a posttest, and were offered the opportunity to order a free at-home STD test kit. As intervention effects were hypothesized to work via increases in perceived risk, change in perceived risk from pretest to posttest by condition was examined. Hypothesized mechanisms of tailoring (perceived personal relevance, attention, and elaboration) were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). All analyses controlled for demographic variables and sexual history. Results As predicted, perceived risk of STDs increased from pretest to posttest, but only in the tailored condition. Results revealed that exposure to the tailored (vs. nontailored) website increased perceived personal relevance, attention to, and elaboration of the message. These effects in turn were associated with greater perceived risk of STDs and intentions to get tested. Additionally, participants in the tailored condition were more likely to order a test kit. Conclusions Findings provide insight into the mechanisms of tailoring with important implications for optimizing message design. (PsycINFO Database Record
The Nature of Molybdic Acid in Perchlorid Acid Medium

The nature of molybdic acid in water and in acidified solutions has been studied by relatively few workers. JONES (1) proposed the existence of isopoly — cations of molybdenum to explain the solubility of molybdic acid in acid solutions. More recently, AVESTON, ANACKER, and JOHNSON (2) report ultracentrifuge studies of molybdic acid in hydrochloric acid medium. They find a degree of polymerization of about 3 in 0, 8 M HC1, but note that equilibrium is not attained. On the other hand they find no aggregation and apparent equilibrium in 6 M HC1. No quantitative results were reported of experiments in HClO4 medium.
Efficient Regularized Regression with L0 Penalty for Variable Selection and Network Construction.

Variable selections for regression with high-dimensional big data have found many applications in bioinformatics and computational biology. One appealing approach is the regularized regression which penalizes the number of nonzero features in the model directly. However, it is well known that optimization is NP-hard and computationally challenging. In this paper, we propose efficient EM (EM) and dual EM (DEM) algorithms that directly approximate the optimization problem. While EM is efficient with large sample size, DEM is efficient with high-dimensional () data. They also provide a natural solution to all problems, including lasso with and elastic net with . The regularized parameter can be determined through cross validation or AIC and BIC. We demonstrate our methods through simulation and high-dimensional genomic data. The results indicate that has better performance than lasso, SCAD, and MC
Adult student preferences: Instructor characteristics conducive to successful teaching:

PurposeThis study examined adult students’ perspectives on what characteristics make for successful teaching and learning environments in the adult student classroom.MethodologyOne hundred and thir...
Hematometrocolpos Disguised as Abdominal Pain

Abstract Background Hematometrocolpos caused by an imperforate hymen is a common form of vaginal outflow obstruction. This is a rare pediatric anomaly that can present with atypical or vague symptomatology, such as abdominal pain or constipation or urinary retention in the setting of amenorrhea. It is essential to obtain a gynecologic history and inquire about menstrual cycles to properly evaluate a young female with such a common complaint as abdominal pain. Failure to perform a gynecologic examination in the emergency department setting may delay diagnosis and appropriate care for this rare condition, which can lead to serious complications. Case Report This case describes a 12-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with a complaint of abdominal pain and urinary symptoms. Because of the severity of the patient's pain on abdominal examination, we obtained a computed tomography scan of her abdomen and pelvis, which showed findings consistent with hematometrocolpos. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Obstruction of the female genital outflow tract is a rare occurrence. Because abdominal pain is such a common complaint, not only in the pediatric emergency department but also in the outpatient setting, the diagnosis of hematometrocolpos may easily go undiagnosed for months or even years. Obtaining a complete gynecologic history is key when evaluating young females with abdominal pain or urinary retention. Early detection and timely management can prevent serious complications and long-term sequelae. This patient had a successful outcome and early surgical management of her hematometrocolpos which was caused by an imperforate hymen.