cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forest Resource Islands in a Sub-tropical Marsh: Soil–Site Relationships in Everglades Hardwood Hammocks

Spatial heterogeneity in soils is often characterized by the presence of resource-enriched patches ranging in size from a single shrub to wooded thickets. If the patches persist long enough, the primary constraint on production may transition from one limiting environmental factor to another. Tree islands that are scattered throughout the Florida Everglades basin comprise nutrient-enriched patches, or resource islands, in P-limited oligotrophic marshes. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to characterize the belowground environment (soil, hydrology) of one type of tree island, hardwood hammocks, and examined its relationship with the three structural variables (basal area, biomass, and canopy height) indicative of site productivity. Hardwood hammocks in the southern Everglades grow on two distinct soil types. The first, consisting of shallow, organic, relatively low-P soils, is common in the seasonally flooded Marl Prairie landscape. In contrast, hammocks on islands embedded in long hydroperiod marsh have deeper, alkaline, mineral soils with extremely high P concentrations. However, this edaphic variation does not translate simply into differences in forest structure and production. Relative water depth was unrelated to all measures of forest structure and so was soil P, but the non-carbonate component of the mineral soil fraction exhibited a strong positive relationship with canopy height. The development of P-enriched forest resource islands in the Everglades marsh is accompanied by the buildup of a mineral soil; however, limitations on growth in mature islands appear to differ substantively from those that dominate incipient stages in the transformation from marsh to forest.
Direct and indirect effects of radiation on plant cells: their relation to growth and growth induction.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Radiation on Plant Cells: Their Relation to Growth and Growth Induction
DIFFERENT CHROMATOGRAPHIC BEHAVIOR OF A THYMINE‐CONTAINING NEW ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOPRODUCT AND SPORE PHOTOPRODUCT

— One- and two-dimensional cochromatography in five different solvents of a near UV photo-product induced by 365 nm irradiation of DNA in aqueous solution and the ‘spore photoproduct’, 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine, produced by 254 nm irradiation of dry DNA, indicate that the two photoproducts seem to have related structures but are different.
The effects of computerized experimentation on response variance

The advantages of using computerized procedures to replace human experimenters are examined. An experiment comparing two methods of presenting personality inventories indicated that participating in a computerized experiment increases response variance in a subsequent testing situation. Some possible negative consequences of using the computer to replace the human researcher are also discussed.
The parathyroid glands and osteoporosis

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) may cause bone rarefaction by mobilization of Ca, but its role in osteoporosis has not been fully established. The majority of patients with osteoporosis have normal serum levels of PTH, but, histomorphometric evaluation of bone biopsies suggests the presence of hyperparathyroidism in senile osteoporosis. Postsurgical hypoparathyrodism, on the other hand, results in elevation of bone densitometry preventing the age-related loss of bone mass. Previous animal studies and recent investigations from our laboratories of patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism suggest that parathyroid ablation prevents the expected bone loss caused by well known risk factors for osteoporosis such as immobilization, chronic treatment with glucocorticoids, renal failure, etc. It would appear as if PTH is required for the development of osteoporosis. Thus, reduction of PTH secretion by oral Ca supplementation or inhibition of the action of the hormone in bone by estrogens, could explain, at least in part, the beneficial effects of these agents in osteoporosis.
Inhibitors of protein phosphatase type 1 and 2A attenuate phosphatidylinositol metabolism and Ca(2+)-transients in human platelets. Role of a cdc2-related protein kinase.

The addition of either okadaic acid or calyculin A desensitizes human platelets to thrombin. One objective of this study was to determine which step(s) leading to secretion reactions may be affected by these protein phosphatase inhibitors. In a dose-dependent manner, okadaic acid or calyculin A inhibits phosphatidylinositol metabolism and Ca(2+)-transients. In all cases, calyculin A was approximately 10-fold more potent than okadaic acid, and it had maximal effects at a concentration of 1 microM. Although thrombin-induced rises in [Ca2+]i were diminished, an increase in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chains (MLC) was still observed. Changes in this phosphorylation were diminished, however, following the addition of thrombin to calyculin A-treated platelets that were loaded with dimethyl-BAPTA. These data demonstrate that calyculin A and okadaic acid lower agonist-induced Ca(2+)-transients, which in turn prevents responses such as secretion reactions. Calyculin A/okadaic acid-induced phosphorylation events were not diminished in BAPTA-loaded platelets, suggesting that these phosphorylations are Ca(2+)-insensitive. Thus, a second objective of this study was to identify the protein kinase(s) that was(were) responsible for the calyculin A-induced phosphorylations. In a platelet lysate system, calyculin A caused an increase in the incorporation of [32P]phosphate into p50. This phosphorylation event was identical to that observed in the intact platelet and was not mimicked by cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+, or a Ca2+/phospholipid/diacylglycerol mixture. Kinase activity was removed after the lysate was incubated with p13suc1-Sepharose. This suggests that a p13suc1-sensitive protein kinase, e.g., a cell cycle-dependent protein kinase, is responsible for the calyculin A-sensitive phosphorylation events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Back diffusion of chlorinated solvent contaminants from a natural aquitard to a remediated aquifer under well-controlled field conditions: predictions and measurements.

Back Diffusion of Chlorinated Solvent Contaminants from a Natural Aquitard to a Remediated Aquifer under Well-Controlled Field Conditions: Predictions and Measurements
Pluto express sciencecraft system design

Abstract A number of mission system architectures have been studied for a Pluto flyby mission, with the goal of achieving the most cost effective means of meeting a well defined set of science and technology objectives. The current Pluto Express approach at JPL incorporates emerging new technologies to reduce cost, mass, power, and volume, without sacrificing performance, science, or operations capability. The design has evolved through a number of option studies involving an extensive trade space which includes alternate power sources and various propulsion and trajectory options. The results of this trade study have been coupled with a new development implementation approach to create a highly integrated concurrently engineered mission system called a “sciencecraft.” The current approach results in a Sciencecraft Module with dry mass of less than 100 kg, power consumption of less than 100 watts, and functional simplicity to achieve high reliability, operability, and a low total mission cost.
Effects of Score Study Style on Beginning Conductors' Error-Detection Abilities

In this study, I investigated the effects of four score study styles—-no score study, study with score alone, study with score and correct aural example, and score study at the keyboard—on the pitc...
How May One Learn to Read

(Author's summary.-Phonetic and alphabetic units; deciphering and scanning; the general picture.-Good and bad readers.-Values in silent reading and indeciphering.-The frontal attack on silent reading.-The Fore Question and the True-False Test.-The uses of each. FQ for sight (lesson of next day?). TF either for sight or prepared material. FQ general and synthetic.-Material should be suitable as to construction and vocabulary.-Procedure with FQ and TF.-Simplicity of each. No need for teacher to fear their novelty.-Begin the very first day. Foster the new procedures explicitly.-Should such tests be in English or the foreign language? If given orally, translate if necessary for slow of ear, but give first in the foreign language. If printed, always in the foreign language. Values: (1) Silent reading in the language taught; transfer of the skill to the vernacular and other foreign languages. (2) Incidental aural comprehension; elementary oral response. (3) Interest. Incidental Observations: (1) A direct technique, but not "conversation." (Is direct work really likely?) (2) Teaching vs. testing in use of TF. (3) Silent reading independent of method in vogue in class. (4) Independent of nature of text used. (5) For the reading-objective teacher, material in the textbook may be reorganized. (6) Reading material may well be adapted to SR by simplifying vocabulary. (7) Important rules of grammar should be stressed; the others slighted. (8) Use of FQ and TF in literature. (9) The scorn of the conservative. )
The economic burden of depression and the cost-effectiveness of treatment

Cost-of-illness research has shown that depression is associated with an enormous economic burden, in the order of tens of billions of dollars each year in the US alone. The largest component of this economic burden derives from lost work productivity due to depression. A large body of literature indicates that the causes of the economic burden of depression, including impaired work performance, would respond both to improvement in depressive symptomatology and to standard treatments for depression. Despite this, the economic burden of depression persists, partly because of the widespread underuse and poor quality use of otherwise efficacious and tolerable depression treatments. Recent effectiveness studies conducted in primary care have shown that a variety of models, which enhance care of depression through aggressive outreach and improved quality of treatments, are highly effective in clinical terms and in some cases on work performance outcomes as well. Economic analyses accompanying these effectiveness studies have also shown that these quality improvement interventions are cost efficient. Unfortunately, widespread uptake of these enhanced treatment programmes for depression has not occurred in primary care due to barriers at the level of primary care physicians, healthcare systems, and purchasers of healthcare. Further research is needed to overcome these barriers to providing high-quality care for depression and to ultimately reduce the enormous adverse economic impact of depression disorders.
From Alexandria to Baghdād to Byzantium. The transmission of astrology

It is argued in this article that a series of texts preserved in various Greek manuscripts are epitomes of an astrological compendium assembled by Rhetorius at Alexandria in about 620 AD. It is also demonstrated that this compendium was utilized and frequently refashioned by Theophilus of Edessa between 765 and 775 and was made available by Theophilus to his colleague at thecAbbāsid court at Baghdād, Māshā' allāh. Māshā' allāh's works in turn strongly influenced the early development of Arabic astrology, and many of them were translated into Latin and Greek, thereby spreading Rhetorius' influence. A manuscript of Rhetorius' compendium was apparently brought to Byzantium by Theophilus' student, Stephanus, in about 790; from this archetype are descended the several Byzantine epitōmes and reworkings of portions of this text; some of these—pseudo-Porphyry, Ep(itome) III, Ep. IIIb, and Ep. IV—passed through the hands of Demophilus in about 1000, while two of the remainder—Ep. IIb andBer.—were the only ones to preserve the name of Rhetorius as their author.
Experimental Hyperentanglement-assisted Bell-State Analysis

Utilizing photons entangled independently in every degree of freedom, or “hyperentangled”, we realize complete and deterministic Bell-state analysis with only linear optics and single-photon interference. We investigate the limits of Bell-state analysis of hyperentangled states.
The Composing Processes of Advanced ESL Students: Six Case Studies

The most recent research in composition has given us important insights into the composing process. This research has revealed that composing is a non-linear, exploratory, and generative process whereby writers discover and reformulate their ideas as they attempt to approximate meaning. A study of the composing processes of advanced ESL students was undertaken to investigate the extent to which these students experience writing as a process of discovering and creating meaning and the extent to which second language factors affect this process. The findings indicate that skilled ESL writers explore and clarify ideas and attend to language-related concerns primarily after their ideas have been delineated. Since it is believed that the teaching of composition should be informed by and based upon what writing actually entails, an understanding of the composing process calls into question approaches that are prescriptive, formulaic, and overly concerned with correctness. Instead, it suggests the importance of instruction that gives students direct experiences with the composing process, that establishes a dynamic teaching/learning relationship between writers and their readers, and that enhances further linguistic development in the context of making and communicating meaning.
A thin-gel isoelectric focusing method for quantitation of proteins S-thiolation

A thin-gel isoelectric focusing method has been developed for analysis of protein S-thiolation (formation of mixed disulfides with low molecular weight thiols). The method is rapid and it can be used with 3 to 5 μg of a pure protein, or 15 to 20 μg of tissue extract protein. It is possible to detect a modification of the protein sulfhydryl by either charged or uncharged thiols, and to determine the quantity of different S-thiolated protein species in a modified sample. The method was used to quantitate the amount of S-thiolation of phosphorylase b in a reaction with oxidized glutathione that produced four S-thiolated forms of the enzyme. The method was also used to detect S-thiolation of two proteins in a cardiac tissue extract treated with diamide. One of the protein bands was shown to be S-thiolated with both cysteine and glutathione, while the other band was S-thiolated only with glutathione.
The effects of matrix compression on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage explants.

Summary The effects of compressive stress on the rate of proteoglycan synthesis and release were determined in bovine articular cartilage from 4–5-month-old animals. Full depth cartilage explants were compressed in an unconfined configuration at various stresses ranging up to 1.0 MPa. At mechanical equilibrium (after 24 h), no significant changes were detected in the rate of [ 35 S]-sulfate ( 35 SO 4 ) incorporation at the low level of compressive stresses used (less than 0.057 MPa). At an intermediate level of compressive stress (0.057, 0.1, 0.5 MPa), 35 SO 4 incorporation rates were reduced to ∼60% of control values. At the highest level compressive stress (1.0 MPa) studied, 35 SO 4 incorporation rates were further reduced to ∼20% that of controls. Recovery experiments at intermediate stress levels showed increased rates of 35 SO 4 incorporation at 24 h after compression. In explants loaded for 24 h at stresses of 0.1 MPa or higher, there was a stress-dose dependent inhibition of proteoglycan release into the media (up to 61% at 1.0 MPa), and proteoglycan release rates did not return to control values following a 24 h recovery period. While cartilage composition and biosynthetic activity were found to vary significantly with depth in control cartilage, the observed suppression (% change) in biosynthetic activity was relatively uniform with depth in both loading and recovery experiments. The study indicates that compression of the tissue to physiological strain magnitudes serves as a signal to modulate chondrocyte biosynthetic and catabolic responses through the depth of cartilage, while prolonged compression at higher strains may be responsible for tissue and cell damage.
The onset of elastically driven wavy motion in the flow of two viscoelastic liquid films down an inclined plane

Abstract The onset of wavy motion in the flow of two-layer viscoelastic liquid films with matched densities and viscosities down an inclined plane is studied by a linear stability analysis in the limit of zero Reynolds numbers. It is shown that an interfacial wave can be generated at any Weissenberg number due to a stratification in the first normal stress difference when the more elastic liquid lies next to the solid wall, independent of the depth ratio between the layers. A surface wave can also be generated when elastic stresses are large. Critical Weissenberg numbers for the onset of these elastically driven wavy motions are calculated for various depth ratios of the layers.
Dielectric hysteresis in single crystal BiFeO3

Single crystals of BiFeO3 of perovskite structure were grown with dimensions of greater than 1 mm from a Bi2O3 flux. Dielectric hysteresis loops were measured on these crystals. While the loops were not fully saturated, they confirm that BiFeO3 is ferroelectric.
Spatial sensitization as a function of delay.

Abstract Foveal increment thresholds were determined for a small test flash presented briefly against backgrounds of various sizes. The interval between the onset of a 3 sec duration background and the test flash was varied. Under unstabilized conditions, when the image moved normally on the retina, the increment threshold varied with the background size regardless of test target delay. When the image was stabilized, the increment threshold was independent of background size if the diameter exceeded 10′, and the delay was longer than 100 msec. For 100 msec, the thresholds taken on unstabilized or stabilized backgrounds were almost identical.
A model for layered high-temperature superconductors with two CuO2 layers per unit cell

We extend a model for layered high-temperature superconductors to systems with two CuO2 layers per unit cell and two interlayer spacings with different physical properties. The carriers are assumed to occupy Fermi liquid states, forming narrow tight-binding bands. The layers are coupled by weak interlayer-hopping matrix elements between adjacent sheets, as well as by an attractive interaction between carriers in neighboring layers in addition to an on-site intralayer coupling. We solve the Gorkov equations for this model to obtain the critical temperature and the density of states of the oneparticle excitations from the superconducting condensate, and discuss various parameter regimes concerning the coupling between the two layers. We compare our results with current experimental findings for high-temperature superconductors. The presence of two CuO2 layers leads to multi-peak features in the superconducting density of states, as has been observed in recent tunneling measurements.
Formal specifications of resource-deadlock prone petri nets

Abstract The definition of a class of resource-deadlock prone Petri nets is developed using first-order predicate calculus. From this definition characteristics of resource deadlock can be ascertained. These characteristics form the specifications of a program to be written in Prolog which can detect deadlock in parallel processes represented as Petri nets. An important feature of this class is that it characterizes deadlock in networks that contain nested parallel structures. Using the class defined herein, it should be possible to derive deadlock-free networks as specified in predicate calculus. Furthermore, this methodology, when applied to systems that do not dynamically determine resources to be allocated, allows for the a priori detection and correction of deadlock. An a priori method prevents the need for unnecessary overhead in dynamic deadlock detection as well as the need for the execution of difficult back-out mechanisms for deadlock correction.
Geological Society of America Election of 1921: A Reprise

Charles Schuchert, of Yale, was in 1921 the nominee for President of the Geological Society of America for 1922. A campaign to prevent his election was mounted in Washington, D. C., principally by members of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The campaign and its failure have been described by Weiss. Schuchert's own records of that campaign have been discovered recently, and from them we have learned how he discovered the attack on his candidacy, how he felt about the matter, and his opinons of the principals behind the campaign.
Effects of Training on Dynamic Stereo Acuity Performance by Males and Females

Dynamic stereo acuity thresholds were obtained for 30 male and female Ss at speeds of rotation of 120 degrees/sec. after pretraining at either O degree, 60 degrees, or 120 degrees/sec. Under conditions of no pretraining females showed significantly larger discrimination errors than males. Pretraining, however, resulted in comparable threshold performance between males and females. Socio-cultural factors responsible for these differences are suggested.
Acetate Metabolism by an Obligate Phototrophic Strain of Pandorina morum1

SYNOPSIS. Acetate metabolism was studied in 2 strains of the green alga Pandorina morum. Both strains were capable of mixotrophic growth in the light, but only one strain was capable of heterotrophic growth in the dark. 14C-2-acetate uptake by both strains was studied in the light and dark, in the presence and absence of CO2 and 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (10−5M). The distribution of radioactivity incorporated into the insoluble, aqueous and chloroform soluble fractions of the cells was determined. The strain incapable of heterotrophic growth in the dark was found to incorporate very little acetate in the dark, and its ability to incorporate acetate into the insoluble fraction was severely limited under all conditions. Incorporation into the aqueous and chloroform-soluble fractions in the light was similar in both strains. The reduced incorporation into the insoluble fraction was almost totally the result of limited incorporation of acetate into polysaccharides by the obligate phototrophic strain.
ADRENAL HORMONES AND HYPOGLYCEMIA IN GROWTH HORMONE (GH) DEFICIENCY

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of cortisol (C) and epinephrine (E) in the maintenance of carbohydrate (CHO) homeostasis in hypopituitary and normal children. The synthesis of E from norepinephrine (NE) in the adrenal medulla is dependent on phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase whose activity is induced by endogenous glucocorticoids. We hypothesized that recovery of blood glucose during insulin induced hypoglycemia (IIH) might be prolonged in GH-ACTH deficient patients because of reduced E production. Three groups were studied--Group 1: GH deficient (N=9); Group 2: GH-ACTH deficient (N=5); Group 3: normal controls (N=9). Sequential blood samples were assayed for glucose, GH, insulin, glucagon (G) and C. Urine samples were assayed for E and NE. Children in Group 2 had lower E and higher G levels in response to IIH. No differences in NE excretion were noted. All groups had similar rates of recovery from hypoglycemia. Conclusions: In hypopituitary children (1) C and E are not essential for recovery of glucose following acute hypoglycemia or small amounts of these hormones are sufficient to restore CHO balance; (2) G is important in restoring normoglycemia.
From Delinquent Behavior to Official Delinquency

A conceptual distinction is drawn between delinquent behavior and official delinquency (apprehended and recorded delinquent behavior). Data from a national sample of 13- to 16-year old boys and girls are examined for empirical evidence of this conceptual distinction. The frequency and seriousness of self-reported delinquent behavior are analyzed for sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status differences. These data are then compared with data on self-reported police contacts and with data found in police and court records. Our findings demonstrate that the distinction between delinquent behavior and official delinquency is indeed useful and necessary: the distribution of official delinquency among categories of sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status does not parallel the distribution of delinquent behavior. The data also help to identify the points at which various discrepancies develop in the process of turning delinquent behavior into official delinquency.
Micromechanical Devices for Intravascular Drug Delivery

Microfabrication technology, more commonly applied to the manufacture of integrated circuits, can be used to build devices useful for mechanical delivery of drugs and genes. Microprobes fabricated using silicon micromachining have been used to deliver DNA into cells as an alternative to bombardment and microinjection. This idea can be extended to intravascular stents with integrated microprobes capable of piercing compressed plaque and delivering anti-restenosis therapies into coronary arteries. Preliminary experiments using filleted rabbit arteries have demonstrated transection of the internal elastic lamina. New nonplanar microfabrication technologies are necessary for creating practical devices with cylindrical symmetry; a promising possibility is to use microfabricated structures of anodic metal oxides.
Noncontrast computed tomographic Hounsfield unit evaluation of cerebral venous thrombosis: a quantitative evaluation

Our objective is to determine the utility of noncontrast Hounsfield unit values, Hounsfield unit values corrected for the patient’s hematocrit, and venoarterial Hounsfield unit difference measurements in the identification of intracranial venous thrombosis on noncontrast head computed tomography. We retrospectively reviewed noncontrast head computed tomography exams performed in both normal patients and those with cerebral venous thrombosis, acquiring Hounsfield unit values in normal and thrombosed cerebral venous structures. Also, we acquired Hounsfield unit values in the internal carotid artery for comparison to thrombosed and nonthrombosed venous structures and compared the venous Hounsfield unit values to the patient’s hematocrit. A significant difference is identified between Hounsfield unit values in thrombosed and nonthrombosed venous structures. Applying Hounsfield unit threshold values of greater than 65, a Hounsfield unit to hematocrit ratio of greater than 1.7, and venoarterial difference values greater than 15 alone and in combination, the majority of cases of venous thrombosis are identifiable on noncontrast head computed tomography. Absolute Hounsfield unit values, Hounsfield unit to hematocrit ratios, and venoarterial Hounsfield unit value differences are a useful adjunct in noncontrast head computed tomographic evaluation of cerebral venous thrombosis.
A path-sum Monte Carlo approach for many-electron systems within a tight-binding basis

We present a Path-Sum Monte Carlo method, a tight-biding approach to Path Integral Monte Carlo, as an alternative to mean-field theory for analyzing exchange-correlation effects in many-electrons systems. To test the algorithm we apply it to a small trial system of either four or six electrons confined to two parallel six single-orbital-atom rings (12 atoms and orbitals total) for which exact results are available for comparison. We observe the phase diagram for exciton formation as a function of interlayer separation and temperature, showing good agreement between the Monte Carlo and exact calculations. Moreover, although the Monte Carlo algorithm employs a fixed node approximation to avoid the Fermion sign problem and, therefore, is inexact, we consider two different limits to the fixed node approximation which provide upper and lower bounds on the total energy. While a simple system is considered here to allow the comparison with exact results, the algorithm should extend the reach of computational analysis to larger many-electrons systems such as, e.g., paired graphene layers for which room-temperature superfluidity has been predicted elsewhere.
Assessing the State of Surgical Oncology: The Future Is Now

In assessing the state of surgical oncology, we will need to institute some significant and timely changes in order to move our field forward. A number are discussed which will have a profound impact on our society and our profession. Stimulating the membership to think and to act will result in advancing the field and improving patient care.
Photocatalysis of gas-phase toluene using silica–titania composites: Performance of a novel catalyst immobilization technique suitable for large-scale applications

Abstract Nanostructured silica–titania composites (STCs) were casted as large cylindrical pellets to be used in an annular packed-bed reactor. Their performance for the photocatalytic conversion of toluene was investigated as a function of relative humidity (RH) and space time. The 172 A STCs were analyzed for their titania surface area (SA) available for reaction. Using silica as the titania support resulted in a loss of available titania SA of about 20%. However, casting the STCs in a large cylindrical pellet shape did not seem to further decrease the available titania SA. The effect of RH in the conversion of toluene was very significant. By increasing the RH from 13% to 90%, the conversion of toluene increased by 57%. Despite the large increase in RH, the catalyst still showed the yellowish coloration found at low RH, which is usually associated with deactivation. Toluene conversion increased with space time and steady-state conversions as high as 93% were achieved by increasing the space time up to 25 s. For all conditions studied neither external nor internal mass transfer resistances were found to be significant. The pseudo-first-order kinetics equation was successfully fit to the data and resulted in a rate constant of 0.12 s −1 .
Identifying costs of intravenous solution wastage.

A monitoring programme to systematically evaluate and decrease wastage of intravenous (IV) solutions was developed. Documentation of type and quantity of wasted solutions can help identify potential causes of waste. Subsequent systems changes intended to decrease waste can then be evaluated. Pharmacy technicians daily recorded the number, identity and locations of discarded IV solutions. A computer spreadsheet application was developed and used to produce a monthly summary identifying the number, drug cost and solutions wasted by hospital unit, thus establishing specific areas to target for IV wastage control. Investigators conducted a 12-month retrospective eva luation of IV wastage, revealing that over 14000 IV preparations were destroyed at an estimated $US90 000 in drug costs. This equates to 2.5% of total drug costs wasted in small volume parenterals. Target programmes were implemented for drugs that were frequently wasted and systems changes implemented that decreased overall wastage of IV solutions.
Communication of Expectations between Principals and Entry-Year Instrumental Music Teachers: Implications for Music Teacher Assessment

Assessment of arts educators, including music educators, has evolved into a high-stakes situation that drives teacher pay, promotion, and retention. This assessment process is driven by federal policy advocating for a value-added model based on student performance. Principals, who are often charged with assessing artistic musical performance, traditionally conduct these evaluations but may be underprepared to do so. This disconnect between evaluator expertise and teacher assessment expectations poses a challenge for arts educators, administrators, and policymakers. This article presents a policy model for music teacher assessment based on findings from a study of principals’ expectations of entry-year instrumental music teachers (EYTs) and how these expectations are communicated. I first outline this study and then explain how these findings are relevant for music teacher assessment, especially within a value-added model. Principal expectations are especially important to articulate, given the high-stakes...
Infinite-order diagrammatic summation approach to the explicitly correlated congruent transformed Hamiltonian

We present the development of a real-space and projected congruent transformation method for treating electron correlation in chemical systems. This method uses an explicitly correlated function for performing congruent transformation on the electronic Hamiltonian. As a result of this transformation, the electronic Hamiltonian is transformed into a sum of two-, three-, four-, five-, and six-particle operators. Efficient computational implementation of these many-particle operators continues to be challenging for application of the congruent transformation approach for many-electron systems. In this work, we present a projected congruent transformed Hamiltonian (PCTH) approach to avoid computation of integrals involving operators that couple more than two particles. The projected congruent transformation becomes identical to the real-space congruent transformation in the limit of infinite basis size. However, for practical calculations, the projection is always performed on a finite-dimensional space. We show that after representing the contributing expressions of the PCTH in terms of diagrams, it is possible to identify a subset of diagrams that can be summed up to infinite order. This technique, denoted as partial infinite-order summation (PIOS), partly alleviates the limitation from the finite-basis representation of the PCTH method. The PCTH and PCTH-PIOS methods were applied to an isoelectronic series of 10-electron systems $(\mathrm{Ne},\mathrm{HF},{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},{\mathrm{NH}}_{3},{\mathrm{CH}}_{4})$ and results were compared with configuration interaction (CISD) calculations. The results indicate that the PCTH-PIOS method can treat electron-electron correlations while avoiding explicit construction and diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix.
Robotic Hopper Using Phase Oscillator Controller

The work presented in this paper describes a robotic hopper that uses a bounded energy, phase oscillator controller. It exhibits exceptional stability when given disturbances. The controller uses a phase angle to regulate the forcing function, creating a parametric oscillator. In this paper we include simulated and experimental data for analysis of the hopper.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Development of two-color laser system for high-resolution polarization spectroscopy measurements of atomic hydrogen

We have developed a high-spectral-resolution laser system for two-photon pump, polarization spectroscopy probe (TPP-PSP) measurements of atomic hydrogen in flames. In the TPP-PSP technique, a 243-nm laser beam excites the two-photon 1S-2S transition, and excited n=2 atoms are then detected by polarization spectroscopy of the n=2 to n=3 transition using 656-nm laser radiation. The single-frequency-mode 243 and 656-nm beams are produced using injection-seeded optical parametric generators coupled with pulsed dye amplifiers. The use of single-mode lasers allows accurate measurement of signal line shapes and intensities even with significant pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in pulse energies. Use of single-mode lasers and introduction of a scheme to select nearly constant laser energies enable repeatable extraction of important spectral features in atomic hydrogen transitions.
Rare earth-first-row transition metal perovskites as catalysts for the autothermal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels to generate hydrogen

Abstract Perovskite oxides (ABO 3 ) containing rare earth elements on the A-site and first-row transition metal elements on the B-site were studied as catalysts for autothermal reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels to produce hydrogen for fuel cell systems. Experiments were conducted in a fixed bed microreactor at temperatures of 600–800 °C and gas-hourly space velocities (GHSV) ranging from 4600 to 28,000 h −1 using 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) as a surrogate fuel. We have found that the two binary oxides, LaNiO 3 and LaCoO 3 , produced high yields of H 2 , but were not structurally stable. These perovskites decomposed to La 2 O 3 and Ni/NiO or Co/CoO under the reducing conditions present in the reformer. Three other binary oxides, LaCrO 3 , LaFeO 3 , and LaMnO 3 , were structurally stable but significantly less active than LaNiO 3 and LaCoO 3 . The partial substitution of chromium, iron, aluminum, gallium, or manganese on the B-site of LaNiO 3 to yield LaB x Ni 1− x O 3 was shown to improve the structural stability without a significant decrease in the H 2 yield. The effects of substituting rare earth elements for La and the substitution of alkaline earth elements on the A-site (La 1− y A y B x Ni 1− x O 3 ) on catalyst performance and stability were also investigated. Finally, La 0.8 Sr 0.2 M 0.9 Ni 0.1 O 3 catalysts (where M = Cr, Mn, or Fe) were tested with a “benchmark fuel” mixture containing from 0 to 50 ppmw sulfur. These tests showed that using chromium as a stabilizing element in LaNiO 3 imparts the most sulfur tolerance.
The exchange and allocation of decision power

Traditional theories of multi-person choice takes as exogenous data the allocation of decision power, that is, they assume the answer to the question of who-decides-what. This paper applies the standard economic theory of scarce resource allocation to explain observed allocations of decision power using as an illustrative example the allocation of power across committees in the U.S. Congress.
Naloxone fails to reverse hypnotic alleviation of chronic pain

The hypothesis that the alleviation of chronic pain with hypnosis is mediated by endorphins was tested. Six patients with chronic pain secondary to peripheral nerve irritation were taught to control the pain utilizing selfhypnosis. Each subject was tested at 5-min intervals during four 1-h sessions for the amount of reduction of pain sensation and suffering associated with hypnosis while being given, in a random double-blind crossover fashion, an IV injection of either 10 mg naloxone or a saline placebo through an indwelling catheter. The patients demonstrated significant alleviation of the pain with hypnosis, but this effect was not significantly diminished in the naloxone condition. These findings contradict the hypothesis that endorphins are involved in hypnotic analgesia
A CYTOLOGICAL CONSPECTUS OF THE GENUS CALYCADENIA (ASTERACEAE): AN EXAMPLE OF CONTRASTING MODES OF EVOLUTION

The chromosome numbers of 12 taxa of Calycadenia are documented by determinations in 77 widespread populations of the genus. Results of biosystematic studies indicate that hybrids among C. multiglandulosa, C. ciliosa, C. pauciflora, C. hispida, C. spicata, and C. oppositifolia characteristically have multiple associations of chromosomes producing complex meiotic configurations, whereas hybrids among C. villosa, C. mollis, C. truncata, and C. tenella generally yield few or no bivalents and a predominance of univalents during meiosis. Hybrids between C. multiglandulosa and C. hispida exhibit strict bivalent pairing and high pollen stainability. It is demonstrated that C. pauciflora and C. ciliosa comprise several sibling taxa that are morphologically cryptic, yet highly differentiated cytologically. Conversely, it is concluded that C. multiglandulosa and C. hispida comprise at least five morphologically distinct taxa that so far as known are highly interfertile (as judged by pollen stainability of hybrids) and cytologically uniform. Reproductive biology, chromosome mutation rates, habitats, flowering time, and genetic recombination mechanisms of the C. pauciflora-C. ciliosa and C. multiglandulosa-C. hispida complexes are compared in an attempt to account for the different modes of evolution observed in these closely related groups of Calycadenia. Lacking other plausible explanations, it is suggested that differential methods for limiting recombination of critical adaptive gene complexes might account for the divergent evolutionary patterns encountered in
Minute to Win It: A Fun Alternative to Improve Skill-Related Fitness

It is essential that physical education teachers provide a curriculum that promotes a positive atmosphere, do away with unneeded comparisons between students by concentrating on individual developm...
The Effects of Knee Reconstruction on Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Anterolateral Capsular Deficiencies

We tested the effect of intraarticular reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament alone and in combination with extraarticular reconstructions in 10 cadaveric knees. These knees had anterior cruciate ligament deficiency alone or in combination with anterolateral capsuloligamentous deficiencies. In the knees with combined injury, intraarticular reconstruction returned anterior stability to levels not significantly different from levels found for the knees deficient in the anterior cruciate ligament alone and treated with this procedure. After intraarticular reconstruction, rotational stability of the knee with combined injuries failed to return to the levels seen in the knee with isolated anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies that underwent the same treatment. When a tenodesis with either 0 N or 22 N of tension was added to the intraarticular reconstruction in the knee with combined injuries, we found that excessive internal rotation significantly decreased at all angles of flexion, except at full extension with 0 N of tension. In addition, the extraarticular reconstruction with 22 N of tension in the tenodesis overconstrained the knee in internal rotation between 30 degrees and 90 degrees of knee flexion. The tenodesis with 0 N of tension overconstrained the knee at only 60 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion. These results suggest extraarticular reconstruction as an adjunct to the intraarticular operation for the knee with anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral structural injuries. The results also suggest that the surgeon can affect anterior and rotational laxity by adjusting the tension in the tenodesis.
Context and spatial organization of the Clovis assemblage from the Topper site, South Carolina

This paper reports results of a 40 sq m block excavation of the Clovis assemblage from the Topper site, South Carolina. Topper is one of only three buried, extensively excavated Clovis quarry-related sites in North America. The Clovis assemblage was recovered in a buried component distinct from overlying Archaic and Woodland components. The site geomorphology and formation processes and the horizontal distribution of the assemblage are used to identify a workshop floor with discrete knapping loci created by unique production and use goals. The excavated assemblage from Topper provides useful and important information in order to reinterpret the Clovis occupation of the Southeast. Moreover, spatial patterning from Topper shows Clovis people organized and structured onsite activities at quarry-related sites.
Electron Microscopy of a Meat Emulsion

SUMMARY— Techniques are described for the electron microscopic evaluation of a meat emulsion. Fat globules as small as 0.1 μ in diameter were observed to have distinct protein membranes. The continuous phase of the emulsion was fibrous, but homogeneous. After thermal processing the globule membranes were highly disrupted and the protein of the continuous phase was coagulated into dense, irregular zones.
Applying the concurrent collections programming model to asynchronous parallel dense linear algebra

This poster is a case study on the application of a novel programming model, called Concurrent Collections (CnC), to the implementation of an asynchronous-parallel algorithm for computing the Cholesky factorization of dense matrices. In CnC, the programmer expresses her computation in terms of application-specific operations, partially-ordered by semantic scheduling constraints. We demonstrate the performance potential of CnC in this poster, by showing that our Cholesky implementation nearly matches or exceeds competing vendor-tuned codes and alternative programming models. We conclude that the CnC model is well-suited for expressing asynchronous-parallel algorithms on emerging multicore systems.
Compiler Optimizations for Transaction Processing Workloads on Itanium® Linux Systems

This paper discusses a repertoire of well-known and new compiler optimizations that help produce excellent server application performance and investigates their performance contributions. These optimizations combined produce a 40% speed-up in on-line transaction processing (OLTP) performance and have been implemented in the Intel C/C++ Itanium compiler. In particular, the paper presents compiler optimizations that take advantage of the Itanium register stack, proposes an enhanced Linux preemption model and demonstrates their performance potential for server applications.
Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative versus Participatory Democracy and Citizen Speak: The Democratic Imagination in American Life

Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative versus Participatory Democracy. By Diana C. Mutz. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 184p. 20.99 paper.Citizen Speak: The Democratic Imagination in American Life. By Andrew J. Perrin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. 208p. 19.00 paper.Deliberative democracy is no longer reserved for the theorists. Empiricists now want a part of the action. With their various tools, social scientists are testing and considering both deliberative democratic institutions (e.g., juries, town hall meetings, deliberative polls, and other fora for citizen discussion) and the preconditions of context and character that theorists have proposed are necessary to make deliberative democracy work. Political scientist Diana Mutz and sociologist Andrew Perrin have written new books purporting to bring empirical work to bear on the claims of deliberative democratic theory. Both books are short and illuminating, though their postures as serious challenges to deliberative democratic theory are overstated and potentially misplaced. This failure to undermine the enterprise of deliberative democracy, however, does not prevent each from making a serious contribution to helping us understand how citizens engage in political debate and discussion among themselves in their everyday environments.
In situ fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy of organic chemistry in a supercritical water reactor

In situ measurements were made of several organic chemical reactions in supercritical water using fiber-optic probes, near-infrared excitation and CCD array detection. The reactions studied include the conversion of cyclohexene to cyclohexane and benzene in the presence of a platinum catalyst, conversion of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and the homopolymerization of styrene. Transition to the supercritical state was marked by a sudden decrease in the background and the appearance of intense Raman bands for dissolved organic compounds. The results indicate that this method of study is both sensitive and rapid enough to permit kinetic measurements, even when reactions are completed in less than 2 min.