cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ZAP-70 Status May Not Predict Outcome after Non-Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplantation (NMT) in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia(CLL) Who Failed Conventional Chemotherapy.

In aggressive disease, the CLL cells usually express the 70-kD zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70). We used immunohistochemical techniques and routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue to survey ZAP-70 expression in patients (pts) with CLL who received a NMT, as previously described (Modem Pathol17:954, 2004). All cases were reviewed independently by two authors. Cytoplasmic staining of non-neoplastic, reactive T cells served as an internal control in each case. Neoplasms (Pax-5 +) demonstrating ZAP-70 cytoplasmic staining in greater than 20% of tumor cells were considered positive. Pts were eligible for NMT if they had failed fludarabine-based conventional therapy. The conditioning regimen prior to NMT consisted of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Twenty nine pts were treated. The pts characteristics and outcome were as follows: These data suggest that NMT may overcome the negative prognostic impact of ZAP-positivity in CLL. Controlled trials are needed to confirm these results in a larger number of patients.
Characterization of clonal Ig DNA in plasma of AIDS-related NHL patients

B17 Background: In B cell lymphoma there is a special opportunity to develop plasma tumor markers. The presence of rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes means that every tumor has a distinctive Ig DNA sequence. We describe a novel technique for detecting clonal Ig rearrangements in the plasma of AIDS lymphoma patients (pts). Methods: We evaluated serial (n=29) plasma specimens from 8 pts with AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) and biopsy specimens from 2 of the 8 pts. Reactions containing 5 µl of the extracted DNA in a 50 µl volume underwent first round PCR. The multiplex primers (InVivoScribe Technologies; San Diego, CA) target several Fr regions and are labeled with fluorochrome. PCR products were analyzed on an ABI 310 capillary electrophoresis machine with TAMRA size standards. The expected size range of amplified products for Fr3 is 100-170 bp. A specimen control size ladder which targets multiple genes and generates a series of amplicons ensured adequate input DNA. Clonality was defined as one or two peaks of a constant molecular weight (within one base pair) in all 3 replicates of a sample. In two cases, second round PCR products from both the plasma and tumor were separately purified and cloned into a sequencing vector and colonies screened by PCR using vector primers. Those with the expected size inserts were sequenced in the DNA Analysis Core Research Facility at JHU. Results: All 8 pts had diffuse large B-cell histologies, 3 pts had stage II, 1 had stage III, and 4 had stage IV disease. Half the pts had B symptoms. In 4 pts with reported Ki67 index, the proliferative rate was high (>60%) in all tumor specimens. 4 pts had elevated LDH levels (range 366-1909 U/L) at diagnosis. The median CD4 at time of diagnosis was 137/cu mm (range 9-234). Of the 8 pts, three (38%) had clonal spikes at baseline and the presence or absence of the spike in subsequent specimens corresponded with disease activity. Serial specimens (n=6) during treatment from one of these pts showed clonal rearrangement prior to treatment, disappearance with chemotherapy including rituximab, then reappearance presaging relapse and death. The other two pts had serial specimens (n=12) which remained positive during the course of their treatments corresponding with their refractory disease. In 2 of these positive pts, the amplification product from plasma was then sequenced and the sequence confirmed that the amplified product in the pt’s plasma was identical to the sequence of the clonotypic IgH VDJ recombination in tumor. For purposes of comparison, we also surveyed healthy donors (n=20) and pts with Kaposi’s Sarcoma (n=10) and did not detect any clonal Ig DNA rearrangements. Conclusions: More than half of pts with AIDS-related lymphomas (ARL) present with high-risk disease and their outcomes are poor even after aggressive chemotherapy. The characterization of new tumor markers offers the possibility that new treatments may be more rapidly assessed in the future and that pts’ therapies may be individually tailored.
Absolute transition probabilities for the a6D $\rightarrow$ y6P° multiplet (#8) of Fe II

We report the rst laboratory measurement of absorption oscillator strengths (f-values) for 6 VUV (vac 162 nm) transitions of the a 6 D ! y 6 P mul- tiplet (#8) in Fe II. We have also reconrmed a recent measurement of the f-value of the Fe II resonance line at vac = 160:845 nm. These measurements are made with the high sensitivity absorption experiment at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Measurements are also made on UV (air 200 nm) lines in Fe II with accurately known f-values in order to construct a reliable curve of growth for the experiment. Diusive cooling of Fe + ions in the negative glow of the hollow cathode discharge, which serves as an absorbing sample, results in a non-Maxwellian ion velocity distribution. A satisfactory curve of growth is generated using a full Voigt prole with an articially low ion temperature in some cases.
Involvement of c-Abl Kinase in Microglial Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Impairment in Autolysosomal System

A growing body of evidence suggests that excessive microglial activation and pesticide exposure may be linked to the etiology of PD; however, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Emerging evidence indicates that intracellular inflammasome complex namely NLRP3 complex is involved in the recognition and execution of host inflammatory response. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is linked to rotenone (ROT)-induced microglial activation which is dependent upon a priming stimulus by a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) or damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP), respectively. Herein using both BV2 cells and primary microglial cells, we show that LPS priming and subsequent ROT stimulation enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, c-Abl and PKCδ activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, NF-κB activation, and autophagic markers, while TFEB levels were decreased dramatically. Mechanistic studies revealed c-Abl acts as a proximal signal that exacerbated the activation of the afore mentioned markers. Intriguingly, siRNA-mediated depletion or pharmacological inhibition of c-Abl via dasatinib abrogated LPS and ROT-induced microglial activation response via attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and ALS dysfunction. Moreover, mitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial antioxidant, attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation effects via blockade of c-Abl and PKCδ activation. In LPS treated mice, dasatinib attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, c-Abl and PKCδ activation; and sickness behavior. Together our findings identify an exaggerated ROS/c-Abl/NLRP3 signaling axis in the heightened microglial activation response evidenced in LPS-primed ROT-stimulated microglial cells and suggest that targeting c-Abl-regulated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling offers a novel therapeutic strategy for PD treatment.
"Egg transformation" induced by irradiated pollen in Nicotiana: a re-examination.

We have attempted to confirm previous reports of “egg transformation” in seven Nicotiana species, including genetic stocks obtained from the original experimenter. The methods employed in the original experiments were duplicated as closely as possible. In total, 1,622 pollinations were made involving irradiated pollen and mixtures of irradiated and self pollen. Consequently, 995 seedlings from 9,052 seeds were screened for 1,594 potentially detectable transformation events. A very low frequency of unexpected progeny resulted, but these results were not repeatable and appear to have arisen by mechanisms other than transformation. These results are strongly at odds with previous claims, when 50% of offspring were found to be transformed. We conclude that the previous observations of high frequency egg transformation are not reproducible. However, due to the ambiguous nature of the markers employed, it is very difficult to prove that such transformation events do not occur as very rare events.
Cognitive and Emotive Robotics: Artificial Brain Computing Cognitive Actions and Emotive Evaluations, Since 1981

This plenary keynote paper marks 35-th anniversary of description of the first artificial brain, a neural network which in addition of computing cognitive actions, computes emotive evaluations of the consequence of those actions. It was designed in 1981, as part of an effort within the Adaptive Networks Group of the COINS Department of University of Massachusetts in Amherst to solve the problems of (1) designing a delayed reinforcement learning mechanism for artificial neural networks and (2) designing a self learning system which will learn without external reinforcement of any kind. This paper describes steps which led toward solution of those problems. The proposed artificial brain, named Crossbar Adaptive Array, can be viewed as a model of cognition-emotion interaction in biological brains, and can be used in building brains for cognitive and emotive robotics.
Calcineurin Regulatory Subunit Calcium-Binding Domains Differentially Contribute to Calcineurin Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The protein phosphatase calcineurin is central to Ca2+ signaling pathways from yeast to humans. Full activation of calcineurin requires Ca2+ binding to the regulatory subunit CNB, comprised of four Ca2+-binding EF hand domains, and recruitment of Ca2+-calmodulin. Here we report the consequences of disrupting Ca2+ binding to individual Cnb1 EF hand domains on calcineurin function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Calcineurin activity was monitored via quantitation of the calcineurin-dependent reporter gene, CDRE-lacZ, and calcineurin-dependent growth under conditions of environmental stress. Mutation of EF2 dramatically reduced CDRE-lacZ expression and failed to support calcineurin-dependent growth. In contrast, Ca2+ binding to EF4 was largely dispensable for calcineurin function. Mutation of EF1 and EF3 exerted intermediate phenotypes. Reduced activity of EF1, EF2, or EF3 mutant calcineurin was also observed in yeast lacking functional calmodulin and could not be rescued by expression of a truncated catalytic subunit lacking the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain either alone or in conjunction with the calmodulin binding and autoinhibitory segment domains. Ca2+ binding to EF1, EF2, and EF3 in response to intracellular Ca2+ signals therefore has functions in phosphatase activation beyond calmodulin recruitment and displacement of known autoinhibitory domains. Disruption of Ca2+ binding to EF1, EF2, or EF3 reduced Ca2+ responsiveness of calcineurin, but increased the sensitivity of calcineurin to immunophilin-immunosuppressant inhibition. Mutation of EF2 also increased the susceptibility of calcineurin to hydrogen peroxide inactivation. Our observations indicate that distinct Cnb1 EF hand domains differentially affect calcineurin function in vivo, and that EF4 is not essential despite conservation across taxa.
Noncommunicable disease modeling and simulation as means of understanding childhood obesity and intervention effectiveness

Lifestyle and dietary changes have led to rise in noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders, accounting for increased mortality and morbidity in many parts of the world including developing countries. Obesity has doubled since 1980s and continues to be a growing problem of our times. Public health policies to address obesity are evolving in connection with dynamically changing human behaviors and complex interactions with the environment. However, designing and testing of new interventions are expensive and time-consuming. Computational simulations to model interventions offer useful tools to compare the effectiveness of potential interventions. In this article, we discuss a popular computational approach, agent-based modeling (ABM), to address the global challenge of childhood obesity through modeling of different interventions as described in the literature.
Diffuse damage accumulation in the fracture process zone of human cortical bone specimens and its influence on fracture toughness.

This study was concerned with the mechanics and micromechanisms of diffuse (ultrastructural) damage occurrence in human tibial cortical bone specimens subjected to tension–tension fatigue. A nondestructive technique was developed for damage assessment on the surfaces of intact compact tension specimens using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results indicated that diffuse damage initiates as a result of fractures in the inter-canalicular regions. Subsequent growth of those microscopic flaws demonstrated multiple deflections from their paths due to 3D spatial distribution of microscopic porosities (lacunae–canalicular porosities) and the stress-concentrating effects of lacunae. Damage dominating effects in the early stages of fatigue had been verified by the observed variations of the fracture toughness due to artificially induced amounts of damage. Toughening behavior was observed as a function of diffuse damage. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Regional variation in modern radiocarbon ages and the hard-water effects in Lakes Michigan and Huron

Eight new radiocarbon ages, all determined by accelerator mass spectrometry, on modern (pre-bomb) mollusks have been added to similar data provided from three samples in the Lake Michigan and Huron basins. These data confirm the existence of a substantial hard water effect correction ranging from about 250 years to 500 years in these lakes. They also show that the magnitude of these corrections form a spatially coherent pattern that can be related to the pattern of outcrop of Paleozoic (radioactively inert) carbonates that surround the basins and the pattern of circulation within the basins.
CHAPTER 4 – Ablation Energy Sources

Abstract Radiofrequency (RF) is the most frequently used mode of ablation energy for most atrial and ventricu­lar arrhythmias. A major limitation of standard RF ablation is the relatively small depth of tissue injury produced, which can potentially limit the success of the ablation procedure. Larger ablation lesions can be obtained by increasing the size and sur­face area of the ablation electrode, using an electrode material with high thermal conductivity, active or passive cooling of the electrode-tissue interface, and the use of pulsed energy. Furthermore, real-time measurement of tissue contact and contact force can help to optimize catheter-tissue contact and improve lesion formation. Alternative ablation energy sources include cryoenergy, laser, microwave, and ultrasound. Currently, two different types of cryoablation catheters are available: traditional-tip ablation catheters and balloon catheters. The cryoballoon catheter is specifically designed for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. Catheter-based cryoablation can have specific advan­tages over RF energy in certain patient populations; however, it is unlikely that cryoablation will replace standard RF ablation in unselected cases. Laser energy has been used with balloon technology for PV isolation. Microwave ablation has been increasingly used intra­operatively (epicardially or endocardially) during surgical maze procedures for atrial fibrillation (AF). Currently, transvenous microwave catheter ablation is available only for investigational use. Although PV isolation with high-intensity focused ultrasound had proven to be successful, it did not meet the safety standards required for treatment of AF, and this led to a halt of its clinical use.
Assessment of the non-lactic acid bacteria microbiota in fresh cucumbers and commercially fermented cucumber pickles brined with 6% NaCl.

Limited documentation of the cucumber fermentation microbiome has impeded the understanding of the role of microbes on the quality of finished products. We characterized the microbiome of fresh and fermented cucumber samples using culture dependent and independent techniques, with an emphasis on the non-lactic acid bacteria (non-LAB) population. Insubstantial microbiome variations were observed among fresh cucumber types with Rhizobium (31.04%), Pseudomonas (14.08%), Pantoea (9.25%), Stenotrophomonas (6.83%), and Acinetobacter (6.5%) prevailing. The relative abundance of LAB remained below 0.4% and 4.0% on fresh cucumbers and day 3 of the fermentations brined with 6% sodium chloride, respectively. Fermentation cover brine samples collected on day 1 harbored Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Wautersiella, Microbacterium, Flavobacterium, Ochrobactrum and the Enterobacteriaceae, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Kluyvera. Plate counts for presumptive Klebsiella and Pseudomonas from fermentation cover brine samples reached 2.80 ± 0.36 and 2.78 ± 0.83 log of CFU/mL, respectively, in 30% and 60% of the nine tanks scrutinized with selective media. Both genera were found in cover brine samples with pH values at 4.04 ± 0.15. We aim at elucidating whether the low relative abundance of non-LAB in commercial cucumber fermentations, in particular Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae, impacts the quality of fermented cucumbers.
Linear Copper Complex Arrays as Versatile Molecular Strings: Syntheses, Structures, Luminescence, and Magnetism.

The defined linear arrangement of metal atoms in discrete coordination complexes or polymers is still one of the most intriguing challenges in synthetic chemistry. These chain arrangements are of fundamental importance, because of their potential applications as molecular wires and single molecule magnets (SMM) in microelectronic devices on a molecular scale. Oligonuclear Group 11 metal complexes with suitable bridging ligands, specifically those that are based on copper as the first choice of a cheap precursor coinage metal, are of particular interest in this regard. This is due to the superior luminescence properties of these linear clusters that often show d10 ⋅⋅⋅d10 interactions in their molecular structures. The combination of CuI with heavier coinage metal ions results in tunable emissive arrays that are also stimuli-responsive. Thus, both linear multinuclear CuI and linear heteropolymetallic CuI /AgI as well as CuI /AuI clusters are excellent candidates for applications in molecular/organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Alternatively, paramagnetic multinuclear cupric arrays are prominent as potential molecular wires with enhanced magnetic properties through multiple coupled d9 centers. This Review covers the whole range of linear multinuclear assemblies of cuprous and cupric ions in complexes and coordination polymers, their syntheses, photophysical behavior, and magnetic properties. Moreover, recent advances in the rapidly progressing field of hetero-CuI /AgI and CuI /AuI molecular strings are also discussed.
Rethinking natural kinds, reference and truth: towards more correspondence with reality, not less

Recent challenges to non-traditional theories of natural kinds demand clarifications and revisions to those theories. Highlights: The semantics of natural kind terms is a special case of a general naturalistic conception of signaling in organisms that explains the epistemic reliability of signaling. Natural kinds and reference are two aspects of the same natural phenomenon. Natural kind definitions are phenomena in nature not linguistic or representational entities; their relation to conceptualized definitions is complex. Reference and truth are special cases of a broader phenomenon of accommodation between aspects of signaling and epistemically relevant causal structures.
The Power of Political Boycott in Online Communities and Blogs:Exploring Online Political Debaters on the Korean Government’s Beef Trade Policies with the U.S.

The research examines Korean political online communities‟ attempts to influence media content by conducting an advertising boycott against advertisers who placed advertising in the major newspapers that supported the Korean government‟s trade policies on beef imported from the United States. The sample includes leading individual bloggers and online community members who participated in organizing the boycott through their online communications. This study explores online political debaters‟ gratifications in using online communication to facilitate their boycott activities and their perceptions of the effectiveness of the two-way, internet-based communication in influencing the newspaper advertisers, newspaper content, and the ultimate result of the boycott activities. In addition, antigovernmental bloggers and OCMs (Online Community Member) saw more possibilities of their online communication information to influence directly involved advertisers than progovernmental online groups.
Complete blood count with differential: An effective diagnostic for IBS subtype in the context of BMI?

Abstract The Complete Blood Count with Differential hematological assay is a mainstay diagnostic for point-of-care clinical diagnoses for a spectrum of diseases including infection, inflammation, anemia, and leukemia, and CBC-D profiles are under investigation as early prognostic biomarkers for leukemias and other diseases. Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are prevalent gastrointestinal disorders in the United States, with obesity among the most common comorbidities. Often, IBS-like gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms persist after resolution of known inflammation and/or enteropathogenic infection, and current literature contains significant discussion of the extent to which IBS is within the biological spectrum of inflammatory disease. Obesity is also associated with generalized signatures of inflammation and may confound accurate diagnoses. We performed ANOVA, multiple means comparisons, statistical analyses of CBC data from our "Brain-Gut Natural History" (BGNH) clinical cohort, with additional ELISA assays for lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), IL-10, cortisol, and ACTH, signatures of immune-inflammatory response and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity, respectively. BGNH cohort includes healthy and overweight individuals diagnosed with IBS diarrhea-(IBS-D) and constipation-predominant (IBS-C) subtypes. We identified several potentially significant markers for IBS-D and IBS-C, notably IL-10, mean platelet volume (MPV), with LBP and monocyte percent also showing some statistical significance. Weight also showed significant results for overweight vs. normal weight, regardless of IBS subtype, particularly for Cortisol. CBC-D predictive profiles for IBS subtype and weight were identified using discriminant functions analysis and show that predictivity of marker profiles have poor performance relative to their normal weight subsets. Further refinement of this analysis will be performed utilizing increased sample size, additional molecular profiles, and enhanced statistical analysis.
Myeloid derived suppressor cells in cancer, premalignancy and inflammation: A roadmap to cancer immunoprevention

The ultimate success of any form of cancer therapy or cancer prevention depends on its ability to engage the power of the immune system to completely eliminate a growing tumor, lower the life-time tumor risk and establish long-term memory to prevent recurrence or future tumors. For that reason, all therapies but especially immunotherapies depend on the immune health (immunocompetence) of each treated individual. Cancer and chronic illnesses, combined with a usually more advanced age of cancer patients or those at risk for cancer are known to severely suppress multiple antitumor functions of the immune system. Understanding the critical mechanisms controlling and mediating immune suppression can lead to additional therapies to alleviate the effects of those mechanisms and improve the outcome of cancer therapy and prevention. We introduce and review here a highly immunosuppressive cell population found in cancer, precancer, and chronic inflammatory diseases, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). First described in the setting of advanced cancer, their presence and immunosuppressive activity has been seen more recently in early premalignant lesions and in chronic inflammatory diseases leading to cancer. We describe the detrimental effects of their presence on cancer immunotherapy, immunosurveillance and immunoprevention and review early attempts to develop drugs to eliminate them or reduce their negative impact.
Catalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions in Tandem to Construct Two-Axis Terphenyl Atropisomers.

The defined structure of molecules bearing multiple stereogenic axes is of increasing relevance to materials science, pharmaceuticals, and catalysis. However, catalytic enantioselective approaches to control multiple stereogenic axes remain synthetically challenging. We report the catalytic synthesis of two-axis terphenyl atropisomers, with complementary strategies to both chlorinated and brominated variants, formed with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The chemistry proceeds through a sequence of two distinct dynamic kinetic resolutions: first, an atroposelective ring opening of Bringmann-type lactones produces a product with one established axis of chirality, and second, a stereoselective arene halogenation delivers the product with the second axis of chirality established. In order to achieve these results, a class of Bronsted basic guanidinylated peptides, which catalyze an efficient atroposelective chlorination, is reported for the first time. In addition, a complementary bromination is reported, which also establishes the second stereogenic axis. These bromo-terphenyls are accessible following the discovery that chiral anion phase transfer catalysis by C2-symmetric phosphoric acids allows catalyst control in the second stereochemistry-determining event. Accordingly, we established the fully catalyst-controlled stereodivergent synthesis of all possible chlorinated stereoisomers while also demonstrating diastereodivergence in the brominated variants, with significant levels of enantioselectivity in all cases.
Sexual and Gender Minority Status and Firearms in the Household: Findings From the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Surveys, California and Texas.

ObjectivesAlthough lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people have a higher prevalence of reporting a lifetime suicide attempt than non-LGBT people, suicide prevention research on access...
Making the Ordinary Extraordinary: A Fresh Look at Satisfaction in Communities

This paper presents a new conceptual model for enriching our communities through events and associations. Heavy emphasis is placed on the role of individual satisfaction in enriching community development. Herzberg’s (Work and nature of man, Mentor Books, New York, 1966) Two-Factor Theory is revisited in order to explore this new model. Justifications for the resurrection of Herzberg’s theory in a new context are discussed.
Nanostructured nickel-cobalt oxide and sulfide for applications in supercapacitors and green energy production using waste water

Abstract With the advancement in technology, the demand for green energy production and storage is increasing year by year. To meet the increasing demand for green energy, there has been continuous research in a bid to find better materials and efficient ways to store energy. Supercapacitors continue to show a promising green energy storage capacity with their modified and improved electrode materials, which show better electrochemical properties. Transition metals such as Fe, Mo, Ni, etc. based materials have shown great potential for electrode materials in supercapacitors, electrocatalysts for water splitting, and urea oxidation reaction (UOR). In this work, nanostructured nickel‑cobalt oxide and nickel‑cobalt sulfide were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method for their applications in a supercapacitor, water splitting, and urea oxidation reaction. It was observed that the properties of nickel‑cobalt oxide improved significantly after converting it to nickel‑cobalt sulfide. The energy storage capacity of nickel‑cobalt sulfide was significantly enhanced compared to nickel‑cobalt oxide. Additionally, nickel‑cobalt sulfide showed an overpotential of 282 mV, while nickel‑cobalt oxide displayed an overpotential of 379 mV to generate a current density of 10 mA/cm2, towards oxygen evolution reaction. After the introduction of 0.33 M urea, the potential for oxidation of urea for both nickel‑cobalt oxide and nickel‑cobalt sulfide was reduced significantly.
Referral Linkage to Preexposure Prophylaxis Care and Persistence on Preexposure Prophylaxis in an Integrated Health Care System.

BACKGROUND Successful linkage to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and retention in care are important for HIV prevention. We examined gaps in PrEP care following referral and factors associated with PrEP linkage and persistence in an integrated health care system in the United States. METHODS We identified individuals referred for PrEP from 2014 to 2017 at the Kaiser Permanente Southern California using electronic health records and assessed linkage to care, PrEP prescription orders and fills, and PrEP persistence (medication possession ratio ≥80%) in the year after the first fill. We evaluated demographic and clinical factors potentially associated with PrEP linkage and persistence using a series of multivariable modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS Of 2995 referred individuals, 74.9% were linked to PrEP care. Nearly all those linked to care were prescribed PrEP and filled a prescription, but only 47.4% of those who filled a prescription were persistent on PrEP. Individuals aged <25 years (vs ≥25 years), female subjects (vs males), and individuals with high-deductible insurance (vs no high deductible) were less likely to be linked to care. Individuals aged <25 years and Hispanics (vs non-Hispanic whites) were less likely to be persistent. Those with alcohol use disorder were more likely to be linked to PrEP care but less likely to be persistent. New HIV diagnoses occurred in 38 individuals, and only 1 had PrEP in possession at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We observed PrEP care gaps and disparities among individuals referred for PrEP. Patient-centered interventions are needed in primary care to address barriers to successful PrEP linkage and persistence.
Agricultural Crop Change in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, from 2004 to 2017

The Willamette Valley, bounded to the west by the Coast Range and to the east by the Cascade Mountains, is the largest river valley completely confined to Oregon. The fertile valley soils combined with a temperate, marine climate create ideal agronomic conditions for seed production. Historically, seed cropping systems in the Willamette Valley have focused on the production of grass and forage seeds. In addition to growing over two-thirds of the nation’s cool-season grass seed, cropping systems in the Willamette Valley include a diverse rotation of over 250 commodities for forage, seed, food, and cover cropping applications. Tracking the sequence of crop rotations that are grown in the Willamette Valley is paramount to answering a broad spectrum of agronomic, environmental, and economical questions. Landsat imagery covering approximately 25,303 km2 were used to identify agricultural crops in production from 2004 to 2017. The agricultural crops were distinguished by classifying images primarily acquired by three platforms: Landsat 5 (2003–2013), Landsat 7 (2003–2017), and Landsat 8 (2013–2017). Before conducting maximum likelihood remote sensing classification, the images acquired by the Landsat 7 were pre-processed to reduce the impact of the scan line corrector failure. The corrected images were subsequently used to classify 35 different land-use classes and 137 unique two-year-long sequences of 57 classes of non-urban and non-forested land-use categories from 2004 through 2014. Our final data product uses new and previously published results to classify the western Oregon landscape into 61 different land use classes, including four majority-rule-over-time super-classes and 57 regular classes of annually disturbed agricultural crops (19 classes), perennial crops (20 classes), forests (13 classes), and urban developments (5 classes). These publicly available data can be used to inform and support environmental and agricultural land-use studies.
New method to compute the emergy of crustal minerals

Abstract To date, Unit Emergy Values (UEVs) for crustal minerals (e.g. limestone, iron ore, etc.) have lacked thermodynamic basis and suffer from overly vague generalization (relative to most other, more certain emergy indicators). We assume a steady state crustal cycle that embodies the various forms of exergy supporting Earth system cycles. The UEV of average crust is 1.75E + 09 solar emergy joules per gram (specific emergy). The ratio of crustal specific emergy to a mineral's exergy density (exergy per mass) is the mineral's transformity. This is an important assertion as it is the dissipation of exergy which hierarchically organizes materials. Emergy accounting should be able to express every resource either a transformity or specific emergy, linked by exergy density; crustal minerals are no exception. Mineral transformity can be characterized using either chemical exergy or Gibb's formation energy. Both calculations use the same mixing term which depends on average crustal abundance of the mineral. Also it's possible to account mineral emergy using either total free energy (or total chemical exergy) or by accounting only the mixing exergy. Four herein proposed methods yield a wide range of specific emergies for each of the prominent mineral/metal inputs to economies. We conclude that the exergy of concentration (mixing exergy) best represents that which is destroyed in mining/extraction activities and that using Gibb's transformities better suit the emergy method due to chemical exergies being positive or negative depending on the mineral. The emergy accounting of minerals should utilize Gibb's transformities and account only the emergy of a mineral's mixing exergy because this represents the natural capital that is irrevocably destroyed in mineral harvesting.
Mineralogy and Mineral Stabilities

As noted in Section 4.2, andesites are usually porphyritic in texture, thereby providing a rich mineralogic record of their history, as well as sometimes providing Earth’s finest examples of anorthite and of coexisting pigeonite and hypersthene. However, most studies of andesite report only the identity or, at most, the proportion of phenocrysts present. Indeed, the isotopic composition of Sr is known for more andesites than is the composition of their conspicuous pyroxene phenocrysts! The data summarized below broadly constrain the physical conditions of phenocryst crystallization but are insufficient to make possible a systematic investigation of relationships between mineralogy and andesite type, eruption history, or the tectonic environment of eruption. In addition, Ewart (1976a, 1979, 1980) has summarized relationships between modal proportions of phenocrysts, bulk compositions, and crustal environments.
Epistemological and Psychological Factors in Metalinguistic Performance

In this chapter, metalinguistic performance is portrayed as a complex and contingent set of behaviors which defy simplistic assumptions and explanations. This chapter and the next emphasize an emerging consensus among scholars that thorough study of the psychological and epistemological intricacies of metalinguistic performance is necessary if we are to achieve an understanding of the linguistic knowledge it is often thought to reflect.
Integrated Approach to Coordination Chemistry: An Inorganic Laboratory Guide

Acknowledgments. 1. Experimental Inorganic Chemistry: A History of Dazzling Color! 2. Levels 1-2. Werner's Notion-Creating the Field: Synthesis and Analysis of Cobalt Ammine Coordination Compounds. 3. Levels 3 and 4. Molecular Geometry and Stability: Solid and Solution Phase Analysis of N,N'-disalicylaldehyde-1,3-propanediimine nickel(II). 4. Levels 3-4. Reactivity I: Substitution Reactions-The Reaction of Aquapentacyanoferrate(II) Ion [Fe(CN)5(H2O)]3- with Amino Acids. 5. Levels 4 and 5. Electron Transfer Reactions-Structure, Properties and Reactivity of Tris(bidentate chelate) cobalt(II/III) Complexes. 6. Levels 4 and 5. Metals in Medicine: Synthesis and Biological Reactivity of the Platinum Anticancer Drug, cis-Platin and its Isomer, trans-Platin. 7. Levels 4 and 5. Metals in the Environment-Cd2+ Sequestration by Phytochelatins and Bioremediation. 8. Level 5. Metals in Molecular Biology-Synthesis, Photophysical and Chiral Properties of Tris(1,10-Phenanthroline)Chromium(III): Metal Complex DNA Interactions and Reactivity. 9. Level 5. Oxidation of a Natural Product by a Vanadium Catalyst: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Vanadyl-bis (2,4-pentanedione), VO(acac)2. Appendix 1. Introduction to Pulsed NMR Spectroscopy of Metal Complexes. Appendix 2. Introduction to Cyclic Voltammetry. Appendix 3. States and Term Symbols for Polyelectronic Systems. Appendix 4. Setting up an Maintaining CHO Cell Culture. Appendix 5. Setting Up and Maintaining Yeast Culture. Appendix 6. A Brief Guide to Writing in Chemistry. Index.
Perturbation theory in a finite-dimensional space

In this chapter we consider perturbation theory for linear operators in a finite-dimensional space. The main question is how the eigenvalues and eigenvectors (or eigenprojections) change with the operator, in particular when the operator depends on a parameter analytically. This is a special case of a more general and more interesting problem in which the operator acts in an infinite-dimensional space.
Twenty novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene causing Fabry disease.

Fabry disease, an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism, results from the deficient activity of the lysosomal exoglycohydrolase α-galactosidase A (EC 3.2.1.22; α-Gal A). The nature of the molecular lesions in the α-Gal A gene in 30 unrelated families was determined to provide precise heterozygote detection, prenatal diagnosis, and define genotype-phenotype correlations. Genomic DNA was isolated from affected males and/or carrier females from 30 unrelated families with Fabry disease. The entire α-Gal A coding region and flanking intronic sequences were analyzed by PCR amplification and automated sequencing. Twenty new mutations were identified, each in a single family: C142R, G183D, S235C, W236L, D244H, P259L, M267I, I289F, Q321E, C378Y, C52X, W277X, IVS4+4, IVS6+2, IVS6−1, 35del13, 256del1, 892ins1, 1176del4, and 1188del1. In the remaining 10 unrelated Fabry families, 9 previously reported mutations were detected: M42V, R112C, S148R, D165V, N215S (in 2 families), Q99X, C142X, R227X, and 1072del3. Haplotype analysis using markers closely flanking the α-Gal A gene indicated that the two patients with the N215S lesion were unrelated. The IVS4+4 mutation was a rare intronic splice site mutation that causes Fabry disease. These studies further define the heterogeneity of mutations in the α-Gal A gene causing Fabry disease, permit precise heterozygote detection and prenatal diagnosis, and help delineate phenotype-genotype correlations in this disease.
Tofacitinib Citrate for the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Pathogenesis-Directed Therapy

Importance Vitiligo is a common condition that is often emotionally devastating for patients. At present, no reliably effective treatments are available. Observations Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo suggest that Janus kinase inhibitors may be a therapeutic option. We report a case of generalized vitiligo for which treatment with tofacitinib citrate, an oral Janus kinase 1/3 inhibitor, resulted in significant repigmentation. Conclusions and Relevance The results suggest that tofacitinib and other Janus kinase inhibitors may be effective in the treatment of vitiligo. Additional studies will be needed to confirm their efficacy and to explore their safety.
Techniques for Testing Splice-Plate Connections

As a part of extensive research into the behavior of steel bolted connections, 25 beams with splice-plates at midspan were tested under symmetric two-point loading. The connections consisted of plates welded to the ends of I section beams and connected together by pretensioned high strength bolts at each of the beam flanges. During the testing, special techniques and devices became necessary to load the specimens and to measure their response properly and immediately before ultimate failure. The critical problem of premature failure by torsional twisting was overcome by lateral supports at the load points, ends, and at the connection. Various methods were tried, but the most reliable was found to be caliper gages specially developed for the purpose.
A Comparison of Some Mass Spectrometric Ionization Techniques Using Samples of Morphine and Illegal Heroin

The precise identification of drugs in body fluids or in illegal preparations may be accomplished by the relatively sophisticated techniques of mass spectrometry [1,2] or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [2,3]. The application of these techniques to drug analysis is well documented [4–6]. Recently, more attention has been paid to the type of mass spectra produced by different methods of ionization [7]. The most useful mass spectrum for many applications is one in which the molecular ion is large and unambiguous. However, some fragmentation is often a desirable feature because this may help to confirm the identity of a compound, differentiate isomers, or assist in elucidating the structure of an unknown. High pressure ionization methods have been found to be particularly useful for drug identification since they often produce the base peak of the spectrum in the molecular ion region, thus serving to identify the molecular weight of the compound. However, some compounds, notably heroin and morphine, fragment easily when ionized with the high pressure reagent gases used so far.
Humans and Nature

As part of our graduate student recruitment process, we routinely send copies of key articles to prospective students. It gives them an opportunity to see current work and anticipate what they might do as graduate advisees. Over the years, some students have taken a rather dim view of our work on transactional world views and philo­sophical underpinnings of research, describing it variously as “not my thing,” “a real snoozer,” and the like. We also find this lack of interest in philosophical issues to be true of some of our professional colleagues. For understandable reasons, they are usually more interested in formulating specific research questions, designing research paradigms that will be robust, probing their data and results, learning new statistical techniques that will help them find outcomes that are interesting (and publishable), and rounding out the Discussion sections of their papers with ideas for specific future research projects. It is the tangibles of research, not the philosophical underpinnings, that are immediately rewarding and relevant to researchers’ everyday interests and careers.
Twenty-First Century Research Needs in Electrostatic Processes Applied to Industry and Medicine

From the early century Nobel Prize winning (1923) experiments with charged oil droplets, resulting in the discovery of the elementary electronic charge by Robert Millikan, to the early 21st century Nobel Prize (2002) awarded to John Fenn for his invention of electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and its applications to proteomics, electrostatic processes have been successfully applied to many areas of industry and medicine. Generation, transport, deposition, separation, analysis, and control of charged particles involved in the four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma are of interest in many industrial and biomedical processes. In this paper, we briefly discuss some of the applications and research needs involving charged particles in industrial and medical applications including: (1) Generation and deposition of unipolarly charged dry powder without the presence of ions or excessive ozone, (2) Control of tribocharging process for consistent and reliable charging, (3) Thin film (less than 25 micrometers) powder coating and Powder coating on insulative surfaces, (4) Fluidization and dispersion of fine powders, (5) Mitigation of Mars dust, (6) Effect of particle charge on the lung deposition of inhaled medical aerosols, (7) Nanoparticle deposition, and (8) Plasma/Corona discharge processes. A brief discussion on the measurements of charged particles and suggestions for research needs are also included.
The effects of varying task priorities on language production by young and older adults.

The present study compared how varying task priorities affected young and older adults’ language production. Both young and older adults responded to monetary incentives to vary their performance when simultaneously talking and tracking a pursuit rotor. Tracking performance improved when they were rewarded for tracking and declined when they were rewarded for talking. Both young and older adults also spoke more slowly when rewarded for tracking and more rapidly when rewarded for talking. Young produced less complex sentences when rewarded for tracking and produced more complex sentences when rewarded for talking. However, older adults did not vary their grammatical complexity as a function of monetary incentives. These results are consistent with prior studies suggesting that older adults use a simplified speech register in response to dual task demands.
Aberrant expression and localization of the cytoskeleton-binding pp52 (LSP1) protein in hairy cell leukemia

Abstract Non-retractable cell surface projections and cytoskeleton-mediated functional defects are distinguishing features of both hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and neutrophil actin dysfunction (NAD). These defects in NAD neutrophils are attributed to moderate over-expression of pp52 (LSP1), the F-actin-binding, leukocyte-specific phosphoprotein. Here we report that pp52 is similarly elevated in HCL patient PBMCs. Established HCL cell lines exhibited characteristic morphological features like those of fresh HCL cells and showed elevated pp52 levels. The excess pp52 in these HCL cell lines was selectively associated with the F-actin-rich cytoskeletal arrays in surface projections. Treatments producing radical changes in HCL cell shape also altered pp52 expression and intracellular distribution. Alpha interferon (IFNα, used to treat HCL) reduced pp52 levels, normalized intracellular pp52 distribution and reverted HCL cells to rounded B cell morphology. Phorbol ester stimulation rapidly generated hyper-phosphorylated pp52 isoforms which translocated from the cytoskeleton to the cytosol prior to the further elongation of surface spikes. This indicates a direct role for phosphorylation in controlling pp52 interactions with the cytoskeleton. Overall, these findings strongly suggest that elevated pp52 expression and/or selective cytoskeletal association contributes to the distinctive morphology of HCL cells.
A comparison of the WISC and WISC‐R on hispanic children

Administered the WISC and the WISC-R in a counterbalanced design to 20 Hispanic children. Ss scored significantly lower on the WISC-R on Similarities, Object Assembly, Coding, and Mazes subtests, which resulted in lower Performance and Full Scale IQs. WISC-R scores tended to increase after practice on the WISC, but WISC scores tended to decrease after practice on the WISC-R. There was an overall difference of approximately 14 points between the Verbal and the Performance IQs on both tests. The only sex difference occurred on the Coding subscale; girls' mean score was higher than boys'. The tests were highly correlated. Important implications are that the WISC-R is as culturally biased as the WISC and that more Hispanic children may be labeled as mentally deficient. It is suggested that the Verbal IQ reflects the extent of acculturation, while the Performance IQ reflects actual ability.