cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae) to a Mucor Strain Discovered in North Central Florida, USA

A population of adult reproductive female brown widow spiders, Latrodectus geometricus Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae) was collected in North Central Florida. Within weeks, the spiders displayed reduced foraging behavior and began to die. A white fungal growth was observed on deceased individuals and others who showed signs of decline. Fungal samples were collected from living spiders as well as from recently deceased specimens. Samples were excised from the spiders and isolated on acidified potato dextrose agar. Morphological characterization was cross referenced with the most recent phenotypic variability studies to confirm probable matches. Molecular identification was rendered using ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 and Mucor fragilis Bainier (Mucorales: Mucoraceae) was indicated with 99% match. Little is documented regarding M. fragilis, and no prior records of pathogenic occurrence are known by the authors. Subsequent bioassay trials supported with 83% mortality that this novel strain of M. fragilis does infect and kill L. geometricus.
Noise power spectra comparing He and Ar ICP discharges

Abstract Noise power spectra (NFS) of helium inductively coupled plasmas (He ICPs) were measured using tangential- and laminar-flow torches. To identify the noise sources originating from the sample introduction systems and the plasmas, NPS were measured for two frequency ranges: 0–35 and 0–1060 Hz. Spectra were compared with those obtained for the commonly used Ar ICP. Examination of the NPS reveals and reconfirms that: (a) the He ICP generated in a tangential-flow torch experiences a greater level of high-frequency fluctuation than the Ar ICP, (b) no high-frequency peaks are observed when a laminar-flow torch is used to form the He ICP, and (c) the major contribution to noise at low frequency results from the injection of aqueous samples into the plasma. Results are discussed in terms of plasma asymmetries, vortex ring phenomenon, and instabilities introduced by pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers.
The effect of stereotypies on adaptive skills as assessed with the DASH-II and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales

The relationship of the Stereotypy subscale of the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II (DASH-II) to adaptive functioning was investigated. Differences in adaptive skills measured with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) for individuals scoring at or above the cutoff of the Stereotypy scale and below the cutoff of the scale were analyzed. Individuals with high stereotypy scores had significantly lower VABS scores. Implications of these findings for assessment and treatment are discussed.
A Comparison of Scores and Measurements of the Udder Proportions

Summary Actual measurements of the udder proportions, based on the amount of milk produced by the individual quarters, have been compared to the scores for symmetry assigned by an experienced judge of dairy cattle. Each of 56 cows was tested and scored at two evening milkings with about 5 wk. interval. The repeatability of the scores was only half, or less, of that of the corresponding indices based on the yield of the quarters. The correlation between the index Ift, stating the amount of milk from the two front quarters in per cent of the total yield, and the corresponding score was only 0.32. Earlier investigations show that the heritability of the index Ift is rather high (about 0.75). Selection for better balance between front and rear halves of the udder would, therefore, be expected to give good results when based on actual measurements of the milk yield, but would probably be ineffective when based on scores obtained by palpation and visual estimates.
Bond-charge repulsion and hole superconductivity

Abstract Is is proposed that a bond-charge repulsion term that necessarily arises in deriving a tight-binding Hamiltonian from first principles plays a fundamental role in superconductivity. This term is repulsive for bonding states and attractive for antibonding states. Together with the reduction of the local Coulomb repulsion due to atomic polarization this effect can explain the occurence of superconductivity in solids without involving the electron-phonon interaction.
Comparison of total ozone amounts derived from satellite and ground-based measurements

Total ozone amounts derived from the NOAA operational sounder (TOVS) are compared to measurements from Nimbus-7 SBUV and ground-based Dobson spectrophotometer observations over a seven-year period. The global trends of the data, in terms of deviations from long-term averages, derived from measurements by each satellite instrument show qualitative agreement until mid-1984 when the data diverge with the TOVS-derived data showing higher values. Additionally, more significant differences appear in both the north and south temperate zones' records. The trends derived from the satellite systems' measurements also show differences from that of the Dobson instrument measurements with the trend of the TOVS measurements showing generally better overall agreement with the Dobson data record.
MRSA outbreak was controlled with daily hexachlorophene showers and hygiene education.

An outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) occurred in a college football team from August to September 2003. Eleven case-players were identified, and boils were the most common sign. Linemen had the highest attack rate (18%). Among 99 (93% of team) players with cultured specimens, 8 (8%) had positive MRSA nasal cultures. All available case-players' MRSA isolates characterized had the community-associated pulsed-field type USA300. A case-control study found that sharing bars of soap and having preexisting cuts or abrasions were associated with infection. A carrier-control study found that having a locker near a teammate with an SSTI, sharing towels, and living on campus were associated with nasal carriage. Successful outbreak control measures included daily hexachlorophene showers and hygiene education.
Inquiry Strategy, Cognitive Style, and Mathematics Achievement.

Just exactly what do you think you are doing with this kind of nonsense?" The teacher who asked this question had just witnessed an inquiry session. Finally, a tenth-grade girl spoke up. "I don't know what there is about it, but I know that because of inquiry training I can sit down and outline a paper and then write it up clearly. Before, when I had an essay-type test to take, I used to write and think in circles. Now I know how to organize my thinking and write straight to make a point. For me, and I think the rest of the kids here, it has been very helpful." The questioner's only response was a skeptical "Hmpf," but the rest of the group gave the student a rousing hand. The inquiry strategy to which these people were reacting was applied to science teaching by Suchman around 1961 and has had an impact on the attitudes, thinking processes, and feelings of hundreds of students since that time. Some studies have reported that it has had a significant positive effect on the analytical aspects of cognitive style and that these results persisted from grade school into the senior year of high school (Scott & Sigel, 1965; Scott, 1973). Although these specific findings pertain only to the "conceptual" approach of Kagan, Moss, and Sigel (1963), the "perceptual" approach to cognitive style (Witkin, Dyk, Faterson, Goodenough & Karp, 1962) also has an analytical component. Investigators have shown a strong relationship between this component and mathematics achievement Rosenfeld, 1958; Nelson, 1973). An interesting algorithm presents itself. If the inquiry-exposed students become more analytical (conceptually), would their mathematics ability be superior to comparison students? Research, then, has the problem of discovering what relationships may exist between the "conceptual" style approach, inquiry strategy, and mathematics achievement. If one (or more) is found, then the inquiry strategy can be considered as one important tool in the school instructional milieu. This report has two key questions that serve as its focus:
Hierarchical Cascades of Instability Govern the Mechanics of Coiled Coils: Helix Unfolding Precedes Coil Unzipping

Coiled coils are a fundamental emergent motif in proteins found in structural biomaterials, consisting of α-helical secondary structures wrapped in a supercoil. A fundamental question regarding the thermal and mechanical stability of coiled coils in extreme environments is the sequence of events leading to the disassembly of individual oligomers from the universal coiled-coil motifs. To shed light on this phenomenon, here we report atomistic simulations of a trimeric coiled coil in an explicit water solvent and investigate the mechanisms underlying helix unfolding and coil unzipping in the assembly. We employ advanced sampling techniques involving steered molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations to obtain the free-energy landscapes of single-strand unfolding and unzipping in a three-stranded assembly. Our comparative analysis of the free-energy landscapes of instability pathways shows that coil unzipping is a sequential process involving multiple intermediates. At each intermediate state, one heptad repeat of the coiled coil first unfolds and then unzips due to the loss of contacts with the hydrophobic core. This observation suggests that helix unfolding facilitates the initiation of coiled-coil disassembly, which is confirmed by our 2D metadynamics simulations showing that unzipping of one strand requires less energy in the unfolded state compared with the folded state. Our results explain recent experimental findings and lay the groundwork for studying the hierarchical molecular mechanisms that underpin the thermomechanical stability/instability of coiled coils and similar protein assemblies.
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy combined with resection of hepatic colorectal cancer metastases

Liver-only metastases occur in approximately one third of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Surgery is possible in portion of patients and remains the only potentially curative procedure. The use of neoadjuvant therapy may enhance the portion of patients that may be considered for surgery. For patients with initially resectable liver-only metastases, adjuvant therapy has been shown to be of benefit when combined with liverdirected therapy. Adjuvant therapy can reduce the rate of recurrence and extend survival.
Analysis of the meniscus in the horizontal ribbon growth process

We present a theoretical analysis of the existence and shape of the meniscus in the horizontal ribbon growth (HRG) process. The existence of the meniscus is required to prevent downward growth of the ribbon and its subsequent attachment to the crucible. Assuming that the existence of the meniscus is defined by hydrostatics, ribbon geometry and surface tension, we use the governing Young-Laplace equation to solve analytically for the shape of the meniscus. We then obtain the possible hydrostatically stable shapes that can be achieved in a silicon system, and found a strong effect of the melt height on the pinning conditions of the meniscus to the crucible. We t h e n perform an experimental observation of the meniscus in a prototype prove-of-concept set-up and show the main challenges involved in guaranteeing the stability of the meniscus in a real setting.
Exogenous adenosine 3': 5'-monophosphate can release yeast from catabolite repression.

Abstract Cyclic AMP added to yeast cells maintained in a glucose medium can bring about their release from catabolite repression to an extent and with kinetics that compare favorably with the same parameters during active derepression. This was first demonstrated for the synthesis of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase, the derepression of which becomes detectable within 30 min, and was then extended to a number of mitochondrial enzymes, which require several hours for derepression. The initiation of derepression has been correlated with a significant increase in intracellular cyclic AMP.
Treating post-traumatic tremor with deep brain stimulation: Report of five cases

Abstract Background Post-traumatic tremor is one of the most common movement disorders resulting from severe head trauma. However, literature regarding successful deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment is scarce, resulting in ambiguity regarding the optimal lead location. Most cases support the ventral intermediate nucleus, but there is evidence to defend DBS of the zona incerta, ventral oralis anterior/posterior, and/or a combination of these targets. We report five patients with disabling post-traumatic tremor treated with DBS of the ventral intermediate nucleus and of the globus pallidus internus. Methods Patients were referred to the Vanderbilt Movement Disorders Division, and surgical intervention was determined by a DBS Multidisciplinary Committee. Standard DBS procedure was followed. Results Patients 1–4 sustained severe diffuse axonal injuries. Patients 1–3 underwent unilateral ventral intermediate nucleus DBS for contralateral tremor, while Patient 4 underwent bilateral ventral intermediate nucleus DBS. Patients 1–3 experienced good tremor reduction, while Patient 4 experienced moderate tremor reduction with some dystonic posturing of the hands. Patient 5 had dystonic posturing of the right upper extremity with tremor of the left upper extremity. He was treated with bilateral DBS of the globus pallidus internus and showed good tremor reduction at follow-up. Conclusion Unilateral or bilateral DBS of the ventral intermediate nucleus and bilateral DBS of the globus pallidus internus may be effective and safe treatment modalities for intractable post-traumatic tremor. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal target for surgical treatment of post-traumatic tremor.
Fatty acid composition of normal and atrophied heel fat pad.

Capillary gas-liquid chromatography was used to analyze the fatty acid composition of normal heel fat pads from subjects without systemic disease (N = 8) and atrophied heels from patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (N = 4), rheumatoid arthritis (N = 1), peripheral vascular disease (N = 1), and hereditary sensory neuropathy (N = 1). In the normal subjects, the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous abdominal fat was also obtained for comparison. Three saturated fatty acids (myristate, palmitate, and stearate) and four unsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleate, oleate, vaccenate, and linoleate) comprised over 90% of the total fatty acid composition. Higher percentages of unsaturated fatty acids and lower percentages of saturated fatty acids were found in the normal heel fat pads when compared to subcutaneous abdominal fat. The increase in the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (4.4 versus 2.5, P < .01) may decrease triglyceride viscosity and enhance the biomechanical efficiency of the heel fat pad. Though the number of patients is small, no statistically significant compositional differences were noted between the heel fat from normal subjects and from subjects with peripheral neuropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, or peripheral vascular disease. However, the heel fatty acid composition of the one subject with a hereditary sensory neuropathy was less unsaturated and more saturated than normal with a ratio of unsaturates to saturates similar to that of the abdomen (2.8).
NIHSeniorHealth: A Free Tool for Online Health Information for Older Adults

NIHSeniorHealth is a free, consumer health website that covers health topics affecting older adults. The website was created and is maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and features more than 55 health topics and nearly 150 videos. The easy-to-use navigational and visual tools create a user-friendly experience for older adults, their families, and caregivers who seek senior-specific information on the web. This column will include an overview of the website, a simple search, and a review of the features of NIHSeniorHealth.
PROPAGATION OF PLASMA WAVES ACROSS A DENSITY DISCONTINUITY

The linearized plasma equations and the boundary conditions to be satisfied across a surface of density discontinuity are considered. It is shown that an incident longitudinal plasma wave generates reflected and transmitted transverse plasma waves, as well as reflected and transmitted longitudinal waves. The inverse process also occurs. The transverse waves are generated only when the longitudinal wave is almost normally incident; in the inverse process, the generated longitudinal waves are propagated normal to the boundary. (auth)
Invention of the injection laser at IBM

The events leading up to the observation of stimulated emission from GaAs p-n junctions at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Laboratory in 1962 are recounted, and the subsequent occurrences which culminated with the making of a GaAs laser are described.
Dimorphism, sensitivity to nystatin and acriflavin uptake in a strain of Candida albicans grown with glutamate as sole nitrogen and carbon source.

A strain of Candida albicans showed mycelial (filamentous) growth at temperatures between 34° and 43° C in a medium containing glutamate as sole nitrogen and carbon source. Neither glucose nor cysteine suppressed the mycelial growth induced by glutamate. The glutamate medium also resulted in a 3-fold increase in resistance to nystatin, and a 4-fold increase in acriflavin uptake. Presumably growth on glutamate so alters the cell envelope as to favor the mycelial form.
Debye-shielding mechanism for trapping ions formed by laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Abstract The trapping of metal ions in laser desorption/ionization (LDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry is attributed to an electrostatic shielding mechanism promoted by the sustained quasi-neutral plasma behavior of the desorbed particle plume in strong magnetic fields. This shielding process allows low energy ions to penetrate the applied trapping potentials at the trapped-ion cell, thus resulting in the introduction of ions with energies less than the effective depth of the trapping potential well. Subsequent deshielding of these ions while in the cell exposes them to the trapping field and results in their retention. Data from time-of-flight (TOF) studies indicate that large spatially and temporally overlapped populations of high energy ions and low energy electrons are generated by LDI of a variety of metal targets when laser power density exceeds 107–108W cm−2. The charge density in the desorbed plasma is shown to increase during flight along converging magnetic field lines but to dissipate rapidly on exiting the field. Retarding potential studies in the magnetic field performed with both TOF and FT-ICR detection indicate that the Debye shielding exhibited by these quasi-neutral populations is sufficient in some cases to allow ions with energies on the order of 1 eV to penetrate retarding potentials as high as 500 V. Further indication that such effects are present in the LDI FT-ICR experiment is given by TOF kinetic energy analysis of ions acquired in the trapped-ion cell from LDI and then dumped to an external detector. This analysis indicates that the average kinetic energy of such ions is typically only 60% of the applied trapping potential.
Isolation and Characterization of Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycopeptide Signals in Black Nightshade Leaves

A gene encoding a preprohydroxyproline-rich systemin, SnpreproHypSys, was identified from the leaves of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), which is a member of a small gene family of at least three genes that have orthologs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; NtpreproHypSys), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum; SlpreproHypSys), petunia (Petunia hybrida; PhpreproHypSys), potato (Solanum tuberosum; PhpreproHypSys), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas; IbpreproHypSys). SnpreproHypSys was induced by wounding and by treatment with methyl jasmonate. The encoded precursor protein contained a signal sequence and was posttranslationally modified to produce three hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptide signals (HypSys peptides). The three HypSys peptides isolated from nightshade leaf extracts were called SnHypSys I (19 amino acids with six pentoses), SnHypSys II (20 amino acids with six pentoses), and SnHypSys III (20 amino acids with either six or nine pentoses) by their sequential appearance in SnpreproHypSys. The three SnHypSys peptides were synthesized and tested for their abilities to alkalinize suspension culture medium, with synthetic SnHypSys I demonstrating the highest activity. Synthetic SnHypSys I was capable of inducing alkalinization in other Solanaceae cell types (or species), indicating that structural conformations within the peptides are recognized by the different cells/species to initiate signal transduction pathways, apparently through recognition by homologous receptor(s). To further demonstrate the biological relevance of the SnHypSys peptides, the early defense gene lipoxygenase D was shown to be induced by all three synthetic peptides when supplied to excised nightshade plants.
Demigration And Migration In Isotropic Inhomogeneous Media

It is a generally accepted principle that seismic migration can be carried out by stacking amplitudes along a diffraction curve and mapping its result into the corresponding diffractor location. See, for example, Hagedoorn (1954), Lindsey and Hermann (1985), Rockwell (1971), Schneider (1978), and Schleicher et al. (1993). This problem has been studied in a more formal way from the inverse scattering theory point of view by using the Generalized Radon Transform (GRT), starting with Norton and Linzer (1981), who treated ultrasonic experiments in medical imaging and followed by Miller et al. (1984), Beylkin (1985) and others. Bleistein (1987) introduces the inverse scattering solution by using the Fourier transform instead of the GRT. An extension to general anisotropic media is obtained by Burridge et al. (1995). While those migration techniques using the GRT and Fourier transfoms are based on the Born approximation, here we base our derivations on the Kirchhoff approximation. While the former representation is linear in the perturbat ion of the medium parameters, the latter is linear in the reflection coefficient that we seek, that coefficient, in turn, being a nonlinear function of the medium perturbations. In analogy with the diffraction-stack formula in Bleistein (1987), we interpret the Kirchhoff modeling formula as an isochron stack and derive from it demigration and migration operators. Using the superposition principle, we derive two alternative (migration and demigration) operators. Seismic true amplitude migration maps the recorded data into imaged data weighted by the oblique-incidence specular reflection coefficient. Seismic inverse migration (or demigration) maps true amplitude migrated data into data that would be recorded for a given set of earth model parameters and a defined measurement configuration along the recording surface. From the above, the output section of a modeling algorithm and an demigration algorithm should be the same; however the input section for the demigration algorithm consists of output data traces with format identical to that of the recorded data while the input of a modeling algorithm is an earth model. From the seismic data processing point of view, the use of cascade migration and demigration algorithms to solve practical problems such as DMO or offset continuation is preferred to the use of cascade inversion and modeling algorithms. The reason for this is that the output of a migration program is ready to be used as input for a demigration program, while the output traces of an inversion program have to be pre-processed (travel times and amplitudes should be picked) before going into the modeling program. This preprocessing is not only tedious but a source of human error. Mathematically there is no fundamental difference between cascading modeling and inversion operators or cascading demigration and migration operators for solution of imaging problems. The intermediate data differ from one another but these data are used only while deriving the final composed operator. They will not be of any use after that.
XAFS study of ReO3 under pressure

Abstract We have measured the XAFS of the Re L III -edge in ReO 3 through and above its compressibility collapse transition occurring at 5 kbar, during which the ReO 6 octahedra begin to undergo collective rotational displacements. The FEFF program of Rehr et al. allows for very good fits to the data, and the rotation angles obtained are in accord — within our ability to determine sample pressures — with those determined by Jorgensen et al. using neutron diffraction. We have also found that an ABA atomic bridge, in which the atom B vibrates perpendicularly and symmetrically about a position collinear with both A atoms, gives an XAFS contribution identical to that of a static displacement of the atom B.
Automated welding of truck cabs

The first application of robotic welding for assembly of commercial vehicles in the UK is claimed in this article. They were helped by using computer simulation graphics at the planning stage.
Confessions of the (ethnic) narcissist: Intermedia in diaspora

This essay attempts to examine the ethico-political implications of ‘ethnic narcissism’ through an analysis of Harjant Gill's video Milind Soman Made Me Gay (2007). Drawing on Rey Chow's theorization of the ethnic writer's autobiographical turn in diaspora and to psychoanalytic theories of narcissism, the essay plays close attention to Gill's use of intermediality to think through a queer diasporic politics that both deploys and undoes identity politics. If homosexuality (and narcissism) continues to be racialized in certain forms of nationalist discourse in the US, the essay suggests that we look at Gill's narcissistic, queer performance as something that makes possible an ethnically aware self-expression as well as the articulation of the failure of an ‘authentic’ ethnic identity.
Kinetics and mechanism of methanol decomposition over zinc oxide

Abstract The kinetics of CH3OH decomposition over ZnO was studied in the temperature ranges 453–513 K and 563–613 K. In the first range, CH3OH decomposed to H2 and CH2O, while in the second range CH3OH decomposed to CH2O, CO, CO2, and H2 with the CO and CO2 probably formed through formaldehyde or formate intermediates. The initial rate of production of hydrogen, RH2, depended on the methanol pressure Pm according to ( P m R H 2 ) 1 2 = a + bP m ; the initial rate of production of carbon monoxide plus carbon dioxide, Rc, depended on Pm according to ( P m R c ) 1 3 = c + dP m . Both RH2 and Rc were independent of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide pressures over the temperature and pressure ranges studied. At 500 K and a given pressure, CH3OH decomposed more rapidly than CH2O. In both the low- and high-temperature ranges the decomposition of CH3OH, CH3OD, and CD3OD follow RCH3OH = RCH3OD > RCD3OD. A mechanism accounting for these findings is presented. Principal features are CH3O∗ + H∗ → H2 + CH2O∗ followed by either CH2O∗ → CH2O(g) + ∗ (the only step observed at low temperature) or CH2O∗ + ∗ → CHO∗ + H∗ → CO + H2. The fraction of formaldehyde decomposing increases with T and is about 20% at 593 K.
Abstract C19: Nelfinavir-induced autophagy and cell death as potential anticancer therapy for KSHV-associated lymphomas.

Kaposi sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) is implicated in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and several other malignancies. Following infection, the virus evades the immune system by maintaining its genome in a latent state and only expressing few viral genes. Activation of KSHV lytic replication in vitro leads to viral lytic gene expression, the production of infectious virus and cell death. We previously showed that activation of herpes virus lytic replication can be achieved by treating PEL tumor cells with the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib which induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we investigate the effects of nelfinavir, a FDA approved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor with anti-cancer activity. Anti-cancer effects of nelfinavir range from the induction of ER stress and apoptosis to Akt inhibition. Treatment of PEL cell lines with nelfinavir resulted in increased expression of ER stress markers: ATF4, CHOP and spliced XBP-1. Additionally, we observed nelfinavir-induced autophagy and cell death as indicated by an increase in LC-3B processing and a decrease in cell viability. We also observed the formation of autophagosomes by electron microscopy. In KSHV-infected tumor cells treated with nelfinavir, ER stress and autophagy precedes viral lytic gene expression. However, we show that while nelfinavir activates lytic gene expression, it also inhibits the export and cell-to-cell spread of infectious herpes viruses. At clinically relevant concentrations, nelfinavir induces autophagy and cell death in PEL cells while inhibiting virus export making it an attractive candidate for virus-associated cancer therapies. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C19. Citation Format: Nene Kalu, Sunetra Biswas, Courtney Shirley, Meir Shamay, Richard F. Ambinder. Nelfinavir-induced autophagy and cell death as potential anticancer therapy for KSHV-associated lymphomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C19.
Effects of embryonic overgrowth on the avian optic tectum.

The effects of embryonic overgrowth on the avian optic tectum were determined during late developmental stages in 121 chick embryos in which overgrowth was induced surgically. The embryos ranged in incubation age from seven days through 21 days and showed a variety of gross brain defects, including fused optic lobes, fusion of one or both optic lobes with a cerebral hemisphere or with the cerebellum, absence or reduction of one optic lobe, convolutions of the tectal wall, and hydrocephalus. At seven days to 11 days of incubation, histological defects of the tectum included irregularities in the migration patterns of neuroblasts and abnormal stratification among the migrated neuroblasts. The most severe defects in the 12-day through 21-day tectum were in the stratification of the outer region which corresponds to the adult stratum griseum and fibrosum superficiale, whereas deeper areas of the tectum underwent relatively normal histodifferentiation. Epithelial rosettes were common until the sixteenth day, after which they disappeared almost entirely except for a few occasional ones near the ventricular zone. Preliminary behavioral observations of the defective embryos revealed random motility similar to that in the control embryos, but a failure to achieve the proper hatching position. Of 61 operated embryos maintained until hatching, only one was capable of emerging from the shell.
Educational aspects of environmental issues

Global problems of the environment have human as well as technical dimensions. Solution of these problems will require substantial commitment by higher education. Colleges and universities will be called upon to produce graduates with new skills—all the way from skills of awareness and commitment to job related skills of a general and specialized nature. The role of higher education in providing education and training in such new skills has many dimensions: structure, methods, theory, scope, and institutional form. In addition, there are important implications for governments and opportunities for international cooperation in this new area. Industrial and developing nations alike need to heed the warning signs of an ever‐deteriorating environment and provide education which will facilitate the development of a world citizenry equipped to negate the faulty decisions of the past while providing for a better future.
How not to prove Fermat's last theorem

(1989). How Not to Prove Fermat's Last Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 410-420.
Differential Regulation of Basal and Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-Induced Somatostatin Gene Transcription in Neural Cells by DNA Control Elements That Bind Homeodomain Proteins

A number of genes encoding neuropeptides are expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, in different endocrine organs, and in specialized cells distributed along the gastrointestinal tract. Whether expression of the same neuropeptide gene in different tissues is regulated by similar transcriptional mechanisms or by mechanisms that differ in a cell-specific manner remains unclear. We report on promoter studies on the regulation of the somatostatin gene in immortalized neural precursor cells derived from developing rat forebrain. Expression of the somatostatin gene in these cells was determined by RT-PCR/Southern blot analysis, by immunocytochemistry, and by RIA. We show that in cerebrocortical and hippocampal cells, expression of the somatostatin gene is regulated by several negative and positive DNA cis-regulatory elements located throughout the promoter region. The somatostatin cAMP-response element appears to play a prominent role in neural somatostatin gene expression by acting as a strong enhancer even in the absence of cAMP stimulation. Site-directed mutagenesis followed by transient transfection assays indicated that SMS-TAAT1, SMS-TAAT2, and SMS-UE, three previously identified homeodomain protein-binding regulatory elements that enhance transcription in pancreatic cells, act as repressors of transcription in neural cells. Electrophoretic mobility shifts assays indicate that those elements bind protein complexes that differ between neural and pancreatic cells. Our results support the notion that expression of the somatostatin gene in neural cells occurs via transcriptional mechanisms that are different from those regulating expression of the same gene in pancreatic cells.
Hyperthermia treatment using a computer-controlled Nd:YAG laser system in combination with surface cooling

An Nd:YAG laser hyperthermia system was used to induce hyperthermia in chemically-induced rat mammary adenocarcinomas. Excessive heating of the surface tissue limits the depth of heating during laser-induced hyperthermia. To determine whether surface cooling would allow heating of deeper tissues, treatment surfaces were cooled using two different techniques. (1) an IV drip in conjunction with oxygen flow directed toward the surface, and (2) moisture saturated oxygen flow from a nebulizer. The laser was interfaced to a computer and a thermometer that provided feedback to maintain the tumor temperature between 43.2- 43.5 degree(s)C. The thermocouple was placed in the base of the tumor and its temperature was used via the feedback system to control laser exposure. All tumors were 1.0 to 2.0 cm in diameter. While both cooling techniques lowered the surface temperature effectively, nebulizer technique was preferred due to better control of surface cooling and less fluid accumulation around the treatment area. Nd:YAG laser hyperthermia delivered in conjunction with surface cooling using the nebulizer technique produced efficient heating of rat mammary adenocarcinomas to an approximate depth of 15 mm without overheating the surface tissue.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reading, Writing, and Assistive Technology: An Integrated Developmental Curriculum for College Students.

An emerging body of research reports on the benefits of assistive technology for students with learning disabilities in a variety of academic tasks. This article describes use of such technology in an integrated reading, writing, and skills curriculum that supported college students whose reading scores were between fourth- and seventh-grade levels. Also included is a description of the benefits of common assistive technology software programs and examples of learning activities designed to scaffold students' comprehension and writing using this technology. Finally, the article reports the educational outcomes for eight students, highlighting the efficacy of combining well-documented learning strategies with assistive technology. This article adds to the growing body of evidence that points to the benefit of combining technology with solid instructional and learning strategies.
Effect of glutathione on the response of Escherichia coli to penicillin

Glutathione, in appropriate concentrations, nullifies the slight depressing effect of low concentrations of penicillin (of the order of 4–5 micrograms/ml.) against Escherichia coli A.T.C.C. 6522. At higher concentrations of penicillin (up to about 37 micrograms/ml.) addition of glutathione in concentrations from 0.1 to 100 times the molar concentration of the antibiotic seemed to increase the sensitivity of the organism to penicillin.
Comparing Statewide Economic Impacts of New Generation from Wind, Coal, and Natural Gas in Arizona, Colorado, and Michigan

With increasing concerns about energy independence, job outsourcing, and risks of global climate change, it is important for policy makers to understand all impacts from their decisions about energy resources. This paper assesses one aspect of the impacts: direct economic effects. The paper compares impacts to states from equivalent new electrical generation from wind, natural gas, and coal. Economic impacts include materials and labor for construction, operations, maintenance, fuel extraction, and fuel transport, as well as project financing, property tax, and landowner revenues. We examine spending on plant construction during construction years, in addition to all other operational expenditures over a 20-year span. Initial results indicate that adding new wind power can be more economically effective than adding new gas or coal power and that a higher percentage of dollars spent on coal and gas will leave the state. For this report, we interviewed industry representatives and energy experts, in addition to consulting government documents, models, and existing literature. The methodology for this research can be adapted to other contexts for determining economic effects of new power generation in other states and regions.
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION : IV. THE MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION FROM THE MUCOSA OF CLOSED DUODENAL LOOPS.

Intoxication is evident in a drained duodenal loop whether it opens externally or into the jejunum and may be associated with more or less immunity which can be demonstrated after a period of days. Intoxication with a closed duodenal loop is identical whether the loop is left empty at operation or filled with a lethal dose of loop fluid. This again emphasizes the fact that absorption of the poison is essentially from the mucous membrane rather than from the contents of the closed loop. The intoxication of a closed duodenal loop is not modified by the presence of bile, pancreatic juice, or gastric secretion. Cessation of the normal flow of intestinal fluids which bathe the mucous membrane may be essentially responsible for the perverted activity of the mucosa and secretion of a poisonous material into the blood. Animals may be slightly more resistant to closed or drained loops during the warm months, which may be explained by the increased loss of body heat in the colder months. This indicates that cases of acute intestinal intoxication with subnormal temperature may be benefited by a generous supply of artificial heat.
Biomechanical and structural modeling of hearing in baleen whales

Anthropogenic noise may be a major source of habitat degradation for cetaceans. To assess and mitigate the effects of noise pollution on marine mammals, we need information on how and what they hear. Although hearing in odontocetes, or toothed whales, is well studied, few data are available for mysticetes, or baleen whales. Behavioural and electrophysiological hearing tests are presently impractical for mysticetes, but biomechanical, structural modelling provides hearing estimates based on auditory system anatomy. In this research, three101 dimensional models were produced for minke Balaenoptera acutorostrata, blue Balaenoptera musculus, and humpback Balaenoptera novaeangliae whale inner ears from CT scans and histology to measure key features for estimating hearing ranges, e.g., basilar membrane thickness-towidth ratios. Full head reconstructions were also produced for minke whales based on head CT images and dissections.
Factorability of lossless time-varying filters and filter banks

We study the factorability of linear time-varying (LTV) lossless filters and filter banks. We give a complete characterization of all, degree-one lossless LTV systems and show that all degree-one lossless systems can be decomposed into a time-dependent unitary matrix followed by a lossless dyadic-based LTV system. The lossless dyadic-based system has several properties that make it useful in the factorization of lossless LTV systems. The traditional lapped orthogonal transform (LOT) is also generalized to the LTV case. We identify two classes of TVLOTs, namely, the invertible inverse lossless (IIL) and noninvertible inverse lossless (NIL) TVLOTs. The minimum number of delays required to implement a TVLOT is shown to be a nondecreasing function of time, and it is a constant if and only if the TVLOT is IIL. We also show that all IIL TVLOTs can be factorized uniquely into the proposed degree-one lossless building block. The factorization is minimal in terms of the delay elements. For NIL TVLOTs, there are factorable and unfactorable examples. Both necessary and sufficient conditions for the factorability of lossless LTV systems are given. We also introduce the concept of strong eternal reachability (SER) and strong eternal observability (SEO) of LTV systems. The SER and SEO of an implementation of LTV systems imply the minimality of the structure. Using these concepts, we are able to show that the cascade structure for a factorable IIL LTV system is minimal. That implies that if a IIL LTV system is factorable in terms of the lossless dyadic-based building blocks, the factorization is minimal in terms of delays as well as the number of building blocks. We also prove the BIBO stability of the LTV normalized IIR lattice.
On complete d-sequences and the defining ideals of Rees algebras

If R is a Noetherian local ring and I = (x1, …, xn)R is an ideal of R then the Rees algebra R[It] can be represented as a homomorphic image of the polynomial ring R[Z1, …, Zn]. The kernel is a homogeneous ideal, and the smallest of the degree bounds among all generating sets, called the relation type of I, is independent of the representation. We derive formulae connecting the relation type of I with the reduction number of I when the analytic spread of I exceeds height(I) by one. In the process we define complete d-sequences with respect to I and use them to help achieve our results. In addition some results on the behaviour of the relation type modulo an element are proved, and examples where the relation type is explicitly computed are presented.
Neurobiology of Arousal and Sleep: Updates and Insights Into Neurological Disorders

Brain activation during wakefulness is sustained by multiple arousal systems. Dysfunction of one or more arousal systems is a feature of neurological disorders associated with hypersomnolence and/or sleep-wake cycle disturbance. Narcolepsy, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and traumatic brain injury appear to involve hypocretin (HCT) and possibly histamine insufficiency as a mechanism related to excessive daytime sleepiness. Loss of cholinergic neurons in AD and of dopamine neurons in PD contributes to sleep-wake disturbance. GABAergic neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus and rostral medulla promote sleep through inhibition of arousal systems. Pathology of preoptic sleep regulatory circuits is correlated with sleep disturbance in AD. An unidentified endogenous somnogen that potentiates the actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with primary hypersomnia. Descending pathways from the dorsal lateral pons to the ventral medulla and spinal cord are responsible for the inhibition of spinal motoneurons during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and are implicated in human REM sleep behavior disorder.
A Reliability Induction and Reliability Generalization Study of the CAGE Questionnaire.

The CAGE is a commonly used alcohol screening instrument. Although considerable work has been done on the validity of CAGE scores, relatively little information is available on their reliability. Reliability induction and generalization studies were performed for the CAGE. Of the 259 studies available for analysis, only 19 (7.3%) contained reliability information for the sample scores. Thirteen (5.0%) and 227 (87.6%) articles made what are designated as reliability induction by report and reliability induction by omission. The median internal consistency reliability across 22 samples was .74, with a range of .52 to .90. Sample age was the only identified sample characteristic that demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with CAGE score reliability.
Comments on "On the Floating Point Representation of Complex Numbers

A recent paper1 discussed an integrated notation for complex numbers. A second choice of the radix point position will increase the number of values near the origin. An argument is also made for unnormalized notation of both parts of a complex number.
Biological Studies on a Mesquite Leaf Tier, Tetralopha euphemella, in Central Texas

The larvae of Tetralopha euphemella Hulst are leaf tiers on the foliage of mesquite, Prosopis spp. Larvae completed their entire development on honey mesquite, P. glandulosa Torrey var. glandulosa , western honey mesquite, P. g. var. torreyana (L. Benson) M. C. Johnston, velvet mesquite, P. velutina Wooten, and white mesquite, P. alba Grisebach, but not on screwbean mesquite, P. pubescens Bentham. Adults emerged from overwintering pupae in April and May. Populations of larvae in the field were always low, and larvae caused little damage to mesquite trees. Parasitism of larvae in the field reached 20% during the last two instars, mostly from tachinid flies. Each larva ate ca. 26 cm2 of leaf surface (about one mesquite leaf) during its life. In the laboratory, adults laid an average of 152 eggs each. Four days were required for the egg stage, 27 days for the larva, 11 days for the pupa, and 3 days for adults to reach peak oviposition, for a generation time of ca. 45 days.
Crystallization and crystallographic data for new forms of thymidylate synthase from Lactobacillus casei

Abstract Several new crystal forms of thymidylate synthase (5,10-methlenetetrahydrofolate: dUMP C-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.45) were obtained by controlled pH change. In the crystals the dimeric molecule has a 2-fold symmetry axis coinciding with crystallographic symmetry. The crystals scatter to at least 2.7 A resolution in the synchrotron X-ray beam and appear to be suitable for high-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals were successfully derivatized and preliminary results are reported for the covalent inhibitory ternary complex of thymidylate synthase, 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.
Using Sensory, Functional, and Activity Limitation Data to Estimate Employment Outcomes for Working-Age Persons With Disabilities in the United States

Using data from the 2010–2012 American Community Survey (ACS), we estimate employment outcomes among persons with different combinations of sensory, functional, and activity limitations while contr...