cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolite profiles of diabetes incidence and intervention response in the Diabetes Prevention Program

Identifying novel biomarkers of type 2 diabetes risk may improve prediction and prevention among individuals at high risk of the disease and elucidate new biological pathways relevant to diabetes development. We performed plasma metabolite profiling in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a completed trial that randomized high-risk individuals to lifestyle, metformin, or placebo interventions. Previously reported markers, branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and glutamine/glutamate, were associated with incident diabetes (P < 0.05 for all), but these associations were attenuated upon adjustment for clinical and biochemical measures. By contrast, baseline levels of betaine, also known as glycine betaine (hazard ratio 0.84 per SD log metabolite level, P = 0.02), and three other metabolites were associated with incident diabetes even after adjustment. Moreover, betaine was increased by the lifestyle intervention, which was the most effective approach to preventing diabetes, and increases in betaine at 2 years were also associated with lower diabetes incidence (P = 0.01). Our findings indicate betaine is a marker of diabetes risk among high-risk individuals both at baseline and during preventive interventions and they complement animal models demonstrating a direct role for betaine in modulating metabolic health.
Initial assessment of the thermoelectric properties for the mixed system K2-xRbxBi8Se13

In previous studies we have investigated the thermoelectric properties of undoped and doped compositions of β-K2Bi8Se13. The attempt to substitute Rb for K resulted in a different structure type, but with potentially useful thermal properties. In this paper the results of measuring the thermoelectric properties of small crystalline samples for K2-xRbxBi8Se13 solid solutions are reported for the compositional ranges with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and with 1.8 ≤ x ≤ 2. The presence of rubidium provides a significant improvement in the thermopower but has much less of an effect on the electrical conductivity. The combined results are reflected in the power factor behavior as a function of temperature.
Stem cell transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma: should it ever be used outside clinical trials?

Stem cell transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma: should it ever be used outside clinical trials?
Glycemic control in the growth-restricted kidney: the sweet taste of success

there has been growing interest in the widely recognized and robust associations between alterations in the trajectory of fetal development and increased incidence of a number of chronic adult diseases ([1][1], [2][2], [6][3], [14][4]). Pregnancy is a significant physiological stress requiring a
Space-Time Dependencies and Thermal Perception

This experiment was focused on determining whether the spatial representation of thermal stimuli is influenced by the temporal parameters of stimulation as has been demonstrated for tactile stimuli. Four warm thermal pulses within the innocuous range of temperatures were presented on the forearm in varying spatial and temporal sequences. Participants indicated the perceived location of the first two pulses in the four-pulse sequence after each trial. The results indicate that the perceived position of the second pulse changed substantially in the direction of the third pulse when the interval between the pulses was brief 0.2i¾źs. At longer intervals there was no change in perceived location. These results indicate that despite the limitations in the spatial and temporal processing of thermal stimuli, somatotopic information appears to be integrated similarly for tactile and thermal stimuli.
Analysis of the contribution of MTP and the predicted Flp pilus genes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the world’s most successful pathogens. Millions of new cases of tuberculosis occur each year, emphasizing the need for better methods of treatment. The design of novel therapeutics is dependent on our understanding of factors that are essential for pathogenesis. Many bacterial pathogens use pili and other adhesins to mediate pathogenesis. The recently identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis pilus (MTP) and the hypothetical, widely conserved Flp pilus have been speculated to be important for Mtb virulence based on in vitro studies and homology to other pili, respectively. However, the roles for these pili during infection have yet to be tested. We addressed this gap in knowledge and found that neither MTP nor the hypothetical Flp pilus is required for Mtb survival in mouse models of infection, although MTP can contribute to biofilm formation and subsequent isoniazid tolerance. However, differences in mtp expression did affect lesion architecture in infected lungs. Deletion of mtp did not correlate with loss of cell-associated extracellular structures as visualized by transmission electron microscopy in Mtb Erdman and HN878 strains, suggesting that the phenotypes of the mtp mutants were not due to defects in production of extracellular structures. These findings highlight the importance of testing the virulence of adhesion mutants in animal models to assess the contribution of the adhesin to infection. This study also underscores the need for further investigation into additional strategies that Mtb may use to adhere to its host so that we may understand how this pathogen invades, colonizes and disseminates.
Upward Flammability Testing: A Probabilistic Measurement

Examination of NASA-STD-6001 Test 1 data suggests burn length outcome for a given environment has a large statistical variation from run to run. Large data sets show that burn length data form cumulative probability distribution curves, which describe a material's characteristic to burn in a specific environment, suggesting that the current practice of testing three samples at specific conditions is inadequate. Sufficient testing can establish material characteristics probability curves to provide the probability that a material will sustain a burn length of at least 15.24 cm (6.0 in.) or will sustain burning until all material is consumed. A simple pasdfail criterion may not be possible or practical. Future application of flammability data for some material classes may require the engineer to assess risk based on the probability of an occurrence and the probable outcome with different materials as characterized with cumulative burn length distributions for specific use conditions.
Key Characteristics of a Container Orchestration Platform to Enable a Modern Application

As compute evolves from bare metal to virtualized environments to containers towards serverless, the efficiency gains have enabled a wide variety of use cases. Organizations have used containers to run long running services, batch processing at scale, control planes, Internet of Things, and Artificial Intelligence workloads. Further, methodologies for software as a service, such as twelve-factor app, emphasize a clean contract with the underlying operating system and maximum portability between execution environments.1 In this paper, we address a set of capabilities required of a container orchestration platform to embody the design principles as illustrated by twelve factor app design. This paper also provides a non-exhaustive and prescriptive guide to identifying and implementing key mechanisms required in a container orchestration platform. We will cover capabilities such as cluster state management and scheduling, high availability and fault tolerance, security, networking, service discovery, continuous deployment, monitoring, and governance.
MayoNLP at SemEval 2017 Task 10: Word Embedding Distance Pattern for Keyphrase Classification in Scientific Publications

In this paper, we present MayoNLP’s results from the participation in the ScienceIE share task at SemEval 2017. We focused on the keyphrase classification task (Subtask B). We explored semantic similarities and patterns of keyphrases in scientific publications using pre-trained word embedding models. Word Embedding Distance Pattern, which uses the head noun word embedding to generate distance patterns based on labeled keyphrases, is proposed as an incremental feature set to enhance the conventional Named Entity Recognition feature sets. Support vector machine is used as the supervised classifier for keyphrase classification. Our system achieved an overall F1 score of 0.67 for keyphrase classification and 0.64 for keyphrase classification and relation detection.
Non‐discriminatory Trade Policies in Panel Structural Gravity Models: Evidence from Monte Carlo Simulations

This paper provides Monte Carlo (MC) simulation evidence on the performance of methods used for identifying the effects of nondiscriminatory trade policy (NDTP) variables in panel structural gravity models. The benchmarked methods include a fixed effect (FE) estimator that utilizes data on intra national trade flows, the bonus‐vetus (BV) and the two‐stage fixed effect (FE‐2S) estimator. The results indicate that only the FE estimates are unbiased and consistent under very general assumptions of the data generating process. The favourable asymptotic properties of the FE estimator unfold as the number of period T increases.
Systematic Enhancement of Polymerization of Recombinant Sickle Hemoglobin Mutants: Implications for Transgenic Mouse Model for Sickle Cell Anemia

To provide quantitative information on the sites that pro- bE121R) on the a- and b-chains exhibit additive, enhanced mote polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) after forma- polymerization properties. The quadruple mutant has a polytion of the initial hydrophobic bond involving Val-6(b) merization concentration close to that of the purified SAD [E6V(b)] and also to provide hemoglobins with an enhanced hemoglobin from transgenic mouse red blood cells conpolymerization that could be used in a mouse model for sisting of HbS ,H b Antilles, and Hb D-Punjab. Normal mouse sickle cell anemia, we have expressed recombinant double, Hb increases the polymerization concentration of each mutriple, and quadruple HbS mutants with substitutions on tant. Thus, the general approach of using recombinant Hbs both thea- andb-chains, E6V(b)/E121R(b), D75Y(a)/E6V(b)/ as described here should prove useful in elucidating the E121R(b) and D6A(a)/D75Y(a)/E6V(b)/E121R(b). These re- quantitative aspects of the mechanism of HbS polymerizacombinant hemoglobins were extensively characterized by tion and in identifying the contribution of individual sites to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, sodium the overall process. The strategy described here demondodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelec- strates the feasibility of a systematic approach to achieve tric focusing, amino acid analysis, and mass spectroscopy. future recombinant HbS mutants that could provide a new They retained the functional properties of the Hb tetramer generation of the transgenic mouse model for sickle cell and polymerized in a linear manner at progressively lower anemia. Hb concentration as a function of the degree of substitution, q 1997 by The American Society of Hematology. suggesting that these remote sites (aD6A, aD75Y, and
Effective, recommended, underutilized: a review of the literature on barriers to adolescent usage of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods.

Purpose of review Teenage pregnancy rates in the United States remain at epidemic proportions. To help stem the tide of adolescent pregnancy, both the American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have released policy statements that long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) be considered the first-line option for contraception in adolescents. Despite the recommendations and efficacy, LARCs are utilized by less than 5% of American teens. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the barriers to adolescent access to LARC, which are broken down into provider, patient, and cultural barriers. Recent findings Recent literature suggests that shortcomings in physician training in LARC method counseling and placement begin as early as medical school and are further augmented by the clinical cost and logistical difficulty of device placement. Patients experience barriers due to cost, confidential access, and perceptions or misconceptions about contraceptive options. Cultural barriers are derived from the absence of expectation for adolescents to pursue safe and effective contraceptive options, as well as the historical complications from intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants. Summary These barriers have led to poor utilization of the most effective methods in preventing adolescent pregnancy. It is essential that pediatricians be up-to-date on the most current recommendations surrounding LARC to help negate barriers and provide the best care to adolescent patients.
The impact of biomarkers analysis in the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick C disease and acid sphingomyelinase deficiency.

Abstract Background Although representing two distinct disease entities, Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) disease and acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) share several phenotypic features. The lack of biomarkers was responsible in the past of diagnostic delay. Recently, plasma oxysterols, cholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol (Triol) and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and lysosphingolipids, Lyso-sphingomyelin (Lyso-SM) and Lysosphingomyelin-509 (Lyso-SM-509), have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers. We aimed to assess the diagnostic power of the two biomarkers categories and to evaluate possible correlations with patients' age and clinical phenotypes. Patients and methods We analyzed plasma oxysterols and lysosphingolipids in patients affected by NP-C and ASMD, and compared with healthy controls. Results Oxysterols were always increased in both NP-C and ASMD. In NP-C, Lyso-SM and Lyso-SM-509 were increased in 70%, and 100% of patients, respectively. Biomarkers negatively correlated with patients' age, with highest levels in early-infantile, intermediate in the late-infantile and lowest in the juvenile phenotype. In ASMD, lysosphingolipids were both increased, with a greater order of magnitude than in NP-C, with highest levels in chronic-neurovisceral vs visceral phenotype. Conclusions Lysosphingolipids are useful biomarkers for a rapid and precise diagnosis, allowing clear distinction between NP-C and ASMD. They are more reliable biomarkers than oxysterols and correlate with patients' age and clinical phenotype.
Trends in the open-circuit voltage of semiconductor/liquid interfaces: Studies of n-AlxGa1-xAs/CH3CN-Ferrocene+/0 and n-AlxGa1-xAs/KOH-Se-/2-(aq) junctions

Trends in open-circuit voltage (V{sub oc}), short-circuit current density (J{sub sc}), and energy conversion efficiency have been determined for the n-type Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}As series of photoelectrodes (x = 0.0, 0.09, 0.16, 0.24, 0.31) in contact with CH{sub 3}CN-ferrocene{sup +/0} and KOH-Se{sup {minus}/2{minus}}(aq) electrolytes. V{sub oc} increased linearly with increases in bandgap energy (E{sub g}) of the n-Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}As alloy electrodes, with {Delta}V{sub oc}/{Delta}E{sub g} = 0.45 {plus minus} 0.04 V eV{sup {minus}1} in CH{sub 3}CN and 0.41 {plus minus} 0.09 V eV{sup {minus}1} in KOH-Se{sup {minus}/2{minus}}(aq) at a light intensity sufficient to provide J{sub sc} = 1.0 mA cm{sup {minus}2}. J{sub sc} values under solar-simulated illumination decreased monotonically with increasing bandgap energy. The relatively low value of {Delta}V{sub oc}/{Delta}E{sub g} implies decreases in optimal energy conversion efficiency as the mole fraction of Al in the Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}As alloy is increased. This is in contrast to the behavior of the n-GaAs{sub x}P{sub 1{minus}x} alloy series in the same electrolytes.
Natural polymorphism in protein kinase G modulates functional senescence in D rosophila melanogaster.

The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a well-characterized model for neurological disorders and is widely used to investigate the biology of aging, stress tolerance and pleiotropy. The foraging (for) gene encodes a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), which has been implicated in several behavioral phenotypes including feeding, sleep, learning and memory, and environmental stress tolerance. We used the well-established Drosophila activity monitor (DAM) to investigate the effects of the conserved NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway on functional senescence. Our results show that the polymorphic for gene confers protection during low oxygen stress at the expense of longevity and a decline in locomotor activity with age in D. melanogaster, which suggests a novel role for the PKG pathway in healthy aging and senescence.
Do Less Mindful Mothers Show Better Parenting via Improvements in Trait Mindfulness Following a Military Parent Training Program

Parental deployment to war poses risks to children's healthy adjustment. The After Deployment Adaptive Parenting Tools (ADAPT) program was developed for post-deployed military families to promote children's well-being through improving effective parenting. ADAPT combines behavior management with emotion socialization skills for parents, using brief mindfulness practices to strengthen emotion regulation. We used a three-wave longitudinal, experimental design to examine whether ADAPT improved parental trait mindfulness (PTM), and whether the effect was moderated by baseline PTM. We also investigated whether improved PTM was associated with behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects of parenting such as self-reported parental locus of control (PLOC), self-reported parental emotion socialization (PES), self-reported and observed behavioral parenting skills. We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the ADAPT, with a focus on mothers (n = 313) who were either deployed (17.9%) or non-deployed and partnered with a husband who had been recently deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan and returned (82.1%). Families identified a 4-13-year-old target child (Mean age = 8.34, SD = 2.48; 54.3% girls) and were randomized into ADAPT (a group-based 14-week program) or a control condition (services as usual). At baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up, PTM, PLOC, PES, and parenting skills were self-reported, whereas home-based family interactions involving parents and the child were video-taped and assessed for observed behavioral parenting skills such as discipline and problem-solving using a theory-based coding system. Results showed that mothers with lower baseline PTM reported higher PTM at 1-year while mothers with higher baseline PTM reported lower PTM at 1-year. PTM at 1-year was associated with improved self-reported parenting skills and supportive PES at 2-year, as well as indirectly associated with improved PLOC and reduced nonsupportive PES at 2-year through PTM at 2-year. No associations between PTM and observed parenting skills were detected. We discuss the implications of these findings for incorporating mindfulness practices into behavioral parenting interventions and for personalized prevention considering parents' pre-existing levels of trait mindfulness as a predictor of intervention responsivity.
Change Orders on Road Maintenance Contracts: Causes and Preventive Measures

AbstractA Delphi study was conducted with maintenance engineers of state DOTs in the United States to identify the causes and preventive measures of change orders (COs) in road maintenance projects...
Cyber Resiliency Overview: What Is It, and How Do We Build It into Our Systems?

What Is Cyber Resiliency? Cyber Resiliency: The ability to anticipate, withstand, recover from, and adapt to adverse conditions, stresses, attacks, or compromises on cyber resources
Exploring the Research and Library Needs of Student-Parents

This paper presents the results of focus groups conducted with student-parents at the University of Memphis. The objective of this study was to explore the research services and library spaces student-parents need to thrive in higher education settings. The results identify several ways in which academic librarians can support student-parents’ research needs and contribute directly to their academic success.
TOP mRNPs: Molecular Mechanisms and Principles of Regulation

The cellular response to changes in the surrounding environment and to stress requires the coregulation of gene networks aiming to conserve energy and resources. This is often achieved by downregulating protein synthesis. The 5’ Terminal OligoPyrimidine (5’ TOP) motif-containing mRNAs, which encode proteins that are essential for protein synthesis, are the primary targets of translational control under stress. The TOP motif is a cis-regulatory RNA element that begins directly after the m7G cap structure and contains the hallmark invariant 5’-cytidine followed by an uninterrupted tract of 4–15 pyrimidines. Regulation of translation via the TOP motif coordinates global protein synthesis with simultaneous co-expression of the protein components required for ribosome biogenesis. In this review, we discuss architecture of TOP mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complexes, the principles of their assembly, and the modes of regulation of TOP mRNA translation.
Abstract 3502: Do obese patients present with worse breast cancer

Background: Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer development; however, it is unclear whether obesity results in worse disease in terms of stage at presentation, receptor profile, and tumor grade. We sought to determine the relationship between obesity and disease status at presentation in patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer. Methods: Medical records of breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy at our institution between January 2010 and April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were separated into obese (BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI Results: Of the 927 patients in this cohort, 292 (31.3%) were obese. Sociodemographic and clinicopathologic factors of the obese and non-obese patients are shown in the table below. In general, obese patients were more likely to present with node positive disease (27.1% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.008) and positive triple negative status (10.0% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.026). Controlling for the potential confounders of race and insurance status, obesity remained associated with triple negative status (95%CI: 1.04 - 2.46; p = 0.033) and node positive disease (95%CI:1.17 - 2.31; p = 0.004). Conclusion: Obese patients tend to present with more aggressive breast cancer, independent of sociodemographic factors. Citation Format: Melinda Wang, Julian Huang, Anees Chagpar. Do obese patients present with worse breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3502.
When teaching fails due to third-party interference: a blackgirl Warrior’s story

Every instructor has experienced teaching failures in the classroom. We often conceptualize those experiences as emanating from self, and sometimes we surmise the disconnect is on our student’s end...
Don't dumb it down: The effects of jargon in COVID-19 crisis communication

Experts are typically advised to avoid jargon when communicating with the general public, but previous research has not established whether avoiding jargon is necessary in a crisis. Using the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as a backdrop, this online survey experiment (N = 393) examined the effect of jargon use across three different topics that varied in situational urgency: COVID-19 (high urgency), flood risk (low urgency), and federal emergency policy (control). Results revealed that although the use of jargon led to more difficult processing and reduced persuasion for the two less-urgent topics (flood risk, emergency policy), there was no effect of jargon in the COVID-19 condition. Theoretically, these findings suggest that the motivation to process information is an important moderator for crisis communication in particular and science communication in general. Practically, these findings suggest that science communicators, during times of crisis, do not need to "dumb down" their language in the same way they should during non-crises.
Faulkner on Omnibus: A Portrait of the Artist as a Cultural Ambassador in the Making

When the popular television news magazine Omnibus aired late in the afternoon of December 28, 1952, the episode included a fourteen-minute film featuring William Faulkner as himself. Largely neglected by scholars, the Omnibus production is a cultural artifact from the post-Nobel Prize phase of the author’s career that warrants closer examination. Faulkner’s big TV moment gave him access to the largest audience he was ever able to reach at once, since the viewership of Omnibus averaged seventeen million. The short film preserves in an encapsulated form a juncture at which Faulkner was poised to become an actor in a geopolitical theater of cultural Cold War. A series of connections between the Radio-Television Workshop, the Ford Foundation-supported production company responsible for Omnibus, and the cultural operations of the U.S. State Department suggest that Faulkner’s appearance on the program factored into his becoming an official cultural ambassador during the mid-1950s. The producers employed the increasingly influential new medium of television as an instrument for rendering the local and global domains Faulkner now inhabited as a worldly Mississippian. The version of Faulkner portrayed on screen is responsive to key concerns prevalent in Cold War culture: fraught southern race relations, compromised American masculinity, and Atomic Age fears. A combination of televisual image-making and trademark self-fashioning in the Omnibus production helped to cultivate the persona that Faulkner, a writer-diplomat in the making, would soon take to the far-flung places where he was dispatched in the interest of advancing U.S. interests amid a heated ideological conflict.
Outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease in Veteran patients

The robotic platform for cholecystectomy has been extensively studied in comparison to its laparoscopic counterpart with acceptable outcomes. However, wide acceptance of a robotic approach to cholecystectomy has been limited by increased operative room (OR) times and substantially higher cost. This is a single-institution retrospective review of Veteran patients presenting for elective laparoscopic (LC) and robotic (RC) cholecystectomies for benign biliary disease at the Dallas VA Medical Center. The primary goal was to interrogate 30-day morbidity as well as operative room times, estimated blood loss (EBL), hospital length of stay (LOS), and conversion rates. The entire cohort included 612 patients (age = 55.1 ± 12.9 years, men = 77.9%, BMI = 31.2 ± 6.3 kg/m2) undergoing elective cholecystectomy (LC = 441 and RC = 171) for benign biliary disease (biliary colic = 78.8%, history of biliary pancreatitis = 7.8%, history of cholecystitis = 5.7%). Univariate analysis comparing LC and RC showed the two groups to be of similar age (55.4 ± 12.4 vs. 54.4 ± 14.2 years; p = 0.4), male gender (79.4% vs. 74.3%, p = 0.2), and BMI (31.1 ± 6.4 vs. 31.5 ± 6.3 kg/m2; p = 0.5). Except for dyslipidemia (LC = 48.3% vs. RC = 36.8%; p = 0.01), both groups had the same rate of co-morbid conditions. ASA level III and IV (LC = 60.1 vs. RC = 69.0%, p = 0.04) was higher in the RC group. Both groups underwent surgical intervention for similar indications (biliary colic LC = 80.5% vs. RC = 74.3; p = 0.1). Hospital LOS (1.7 ± 3.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.9 days, p < 0.001), EBL (32.3 ± 52.3 vs. 17.0 ± 43.1; p = 0.001), and conversion to open (6.6% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.001) were all superior with the robotic platform. Thirty-day overall morbidity (9.8% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.4), skin-to-skin OR time (84.5 ± 33.5 vs. 88.0 ± 35.3 min, p = 0.2), and total OR time (129.2 ± 36.8 vs. 129.7 ± 39.7, p = 0.9) were similar between the LC and RC groups. Despite being older and having more comorbidities, Veteran patients undergoing robotic cholecystectomy experienced equivalent OR time and a moderate improvement in conversion rate, EBL, and hospital LOS compared to those undergoing conventional laparoscopy, therein demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the robotic platform for this patient population.
The vaccine-elicited immunoglobulin profile in milk after COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccination is IgG-dominant and lacks secretory antibodies

Abstract The Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are licensed under emergency use authorization, with millions of doses already administered globally [1]. No COVID-19 vaccines are yet under investigation for use in infants or young children. As such, the passive immunity of the antibodies (Abs) provided through milk from a vaccinated person may be one of the only ways to protect this population until pediatric COVID-19 vaccines are licensed. Our early work (as well as an expanded study being published concurrently with this report) examining the milk Ab response after SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrated that Spike-specific IgA in milk after infection is dominant and highly correlated with a secretory Ab response [2]. Determining if secretory Abs are elicited in milk is critical, as this Ab class is highly stable and resistant to enzymatic degradation in all mucosae - not only in the infant oral/nasal cavity and gut, but in the airways and GI tract as well [3, 4]. Presently, we describe our analysis of the milk Ab response 14 days after completion of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine regimen among 10 individuals. It was evident that unlike the post-infection milk Ab profile, IgG dominates after COVID-19 vaccination. One hundred percent of post-vaccine milk contained significant levels of Spike-specific IgG, with 8/10 samples exhibiting high IgG endpoint titers. Conversely, 6/10 (60%) of post-vaccine samples were positive for Spike specific IgA, with only 1 (10%) exhibiting high IgA endpoint titer. Furthermore, 5/10 (50%) post-vaccine milk samples contained Spike-specific secretory Ab, none of which were found to be high-titer. As our analyses of the immune response in milk to COVID-19 vaccination continues, it will provide a critical opportunity to address huge knowledge gaps, inform the field as to which COVID-19 vaccine, if any, is likely to provide the best milk Ab response, and highlight the need to design improved vaccines with protection of the breastfeeding infant in mind.
Enhancing Insulated Conjugated Polymer Fluorescence Quenching by Incorporating Dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes

Insulated π-conjugated polymers exhibit enhanced chemical stability, photostability, fluorescence quantum yield, electroluminescence, solubility, and intrachain charge transport. However, insulated polymer fluorescence quenching by acceptor molecules is significantly hampered as the π-face is insulated. Photoinduced charge transfer is one of the key steps in amplified fluorescence quenching sensors and organic solar cells for charge generation. Inspired by the myelin sheath gaps in nerve cell axons, herein, we synthesized a series of insulated random copolymers of adamantanocyclophane with an increasing percentage of dithia[3.3]paracyclophane (PCP) from 5 to 30% to enhance the insulated polymer fluorescence quenching with acceptor molecules. As the percentage of the dithia[3.3]paracyclophane monomer increases, the copolymers showed an increase in absorption in the red region of the spectrum and also the copolymers’ photoluminescence quantum yield reduced. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant of the 30% copolymer is ca. 4.5 times higher than that of the adamantanocyclophane homopolymer. A comparison with the control polymers indicated that the through-space-coupled interactions in PCP could be a plausible reason for the enhanced fluorescence quenching in copolymers in addition to the reduced steric hindrance by PCP. The developed copolymers combine the advantages of polymer insulation without significantly sacrificing the photoinduced charge transfer, which will help further their applicability as amplified fluorescence quenching sensors and in organic solar cells.
VM based Malware Security Protection on Android Platform

This paper looks at the different ways in which Android phones can be attacked by android malware, and the different developments in malware protection and detection. The fight against mobile malware is an important one as most people today own cell phones and store valuable personal information on their phones. There are many ways in which a phone can be attacked by malware, and therefore there are many different methods to detect and defend against these attacks. Some experts suggest a decentralized data approach, while others suggest anti-malware hardware is the solution. There are many different Anti-malware hardware devices that all work in different ways and detect malware at different levels. However, there are no full-proof malware detection schemes. It is alarming that there is no common solution to protecting against malware and no way to completely detect malware every time. In this research, we focus on Android malware, specifically malware found on apps from the Google Play Store. One of the ways one would solve this problem is by using virtual machines and compiling malware detection programs on them. To support our VM based malware detection scheme, we develop an algorithm to provide implementation-level details. The practicality of our proposed scheme is shown using multiple case studies.
The Athletic Identity of Collegiate Athletic Trainers: A Descriptive Study.

CONTEXT Empirical and anecdotal evidence suggest that many athletic trainers were former athletes and select the profession due to its affiliation with sport. Qualitative research has indicated that collegiate athletic trainers may have a strong athletic identity, but the concept of athletic identity has not been quantified in this population. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively asses the athletic identity of collegiate athletic trainers and determine if group differences exist. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Collegiate clinical setting. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 257 (n = 93 (37%) males, n = 162 (63%) females) athletic trainers employed in the collegiate setting were included in data analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Data were collected via a web-based survey platform which was designed to measure athletic identity. Demographic information was analyzed for frequency and distribution. Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were calculated to determine if group differences existed. RESULTS The large majority of participants (90%) self-identified as having participated in organized sport yet scored moderately on the athletic identity measurement scale (22.9 ± 7.9). There were no sex differences in overall athletic identity (p = .446), but females did have higher levels of negative affectivity (p = .045) than males. Testing also revealed group differences based on current employment setting for social identity (p = .020), with NCAA Division I scores less than Division II, III, and NAIA. NCAA Division III exclusivity (p = .030) was lower than NCAA Division II and NAIA. CONCLUSIONS It appears that components of athletic identity vary based on the employment setting of collegiate athletic trainers and may have a relationship to the number of hours worked in the summer. The moderate athletic identity scores of collegiate athletic trainers are comparable to former athletes who selected career paths outside of sport. This may indicate adaptive career decision processes.
Recent advances in the mass spectrometric profiling of bacterial lipids.

Abstract Exploring the lipids of bacteria presents a predicament that may not be broadly recognized in a field dominated by the biology and biochemistry of eukaryotic — and especially, mammalian — lipids. Bacteria make multifarious metabolites that contain fatty acyl chains of unusual length and unsaturation attached to assorted headgroups, including sugars and fatty alcohols. Lipid profiling approaches developed for eukaryotic lipids often fail to detect, resolve, or identify bacterial lipids due to their wide range of polarities (including very hydrophobic species) and diverse positional and stereochemical variations. Global lipid profiling, or lipidomics, of bacteria has thus developed as a separate mission with methodological and scientific considerations tailored to the biology of these organisms. In this review, we summarize findings primarily from the last three years that exemplify recent advances and continuing challenges to learning about bacterial lipids.
OIL FILM THICKNESS IN A BEARING OF A FIRED ENGINE PART III: THE EFFECTS OF LUBRICANT RHEOLOGY

This is the third interim report describing oil film thickness measurements in a bearing of a fired single cylinder engine. The minimum oil film thickness (MOFT) in the front main crankshaft bearing of a fired CLR (Cooperative Lubricants Research) engine has been measured using a capacitance technique. The effects of base stock viscosity, VI improver type and concentration, and finished oil viscosity at both high and low shear rates are presented and discussed. Five VI improvers are compared, and are found to have varying degrees of effectiveness in increasing MOFT in a given formulation and base stock. The shear rate and temperature of the viscosity measurement are found to affect the overall correlation between MOFT and oil viscosity.
Whither education research?: science policy implications of NSF research support

This session addresses policy implications of NSF support for the learning sciences. The session is organized around recent activities of NSF in the support of the learning sciences. The first presentation will address the report Cyberinfrastructure for Education and Learning for the Future and how the Learning Science community can respond to the research challenges in this report. A second theme will be a retrospective look at the Interagency Education Research Initiative and the Centers for Learning and Teaching programs and their affect on practice. A third presentation addresses the appropriateness of the core individual researcher programs in learning science at NSF. The final presentation will review some of the newly funded Science of Learning Centers from the researchers' perspectives. Discussions within this innovative session will revolve around science policy issues of funding learning science research in a constrained environment and the affect of that funding on research and practice.
Going Overboard with Fixation: Potential Copyright Liability of Watching Streaming Pirated Video on Electronic Devices

This article addresses the potential liability of end-users who down-stream pirated copies of videos on the Internet by evaluating the various problems in recognizing temporary RAM instantiations as "copies" under the Copyright Act (also known as the RAM-Copy Doctrine). In order to protect the purpose of copyright law and only confer rights to owners under the Copyright Act, courts need to reject copyright liability where the analogous action would not have triggered copyright law. This includes any and all temporary RAM instantiations only made incidental to consumption.
Carbon Star Effective Temperatures

A new stellar angular diameter measurement is consistent with a proposed relation between effective and color temperature. Verification by model atmosphere studies is urgently required.
Fast Linear Elastic Matching Without Landmarks

Non-rigid matchers generally constrain estimated displacement fields in uniform intensity regions of medical data. Elastic models are popular regularizers since they are easy to understand and simulate, and their smoothness properties may be as likely as other constraints.
Restrictive Covenants and the Hazards of Transaction Cost Analysis

A substantial literature within law and economics debates the merits of restrictive covenants from an efficiency perspective. A core theme of this literature is that the central task for legal rules is to mediate competing incentives for "opportunism" by both firm and employee. This focus on the concept of opportunism to explain parties' behavior and assist in the design of legal rules is not unique to the literature on post-employment competition. It has become commonplace for scholars analyzing organizational structures, as well as contracts more generally, to adopt the rhetoric and framework of the Williamsonian "transaction cost" model. No doubt, this approach identifies an authentic problem that firms and workers face in making innovation and training investment decisions. In spite of its popularity, I argue that the concept of opportunism is also plagued by significant indeterminacies that can limit its utility as a legal policy device in the context of restrictive covenant law. From a practical standpoint, a legal standard truly sensitive to problems of bilateral opportunism might well require empirical judgments so difficult that the standard would be essentially non-administrable. A promising alternative is to statutorily prohibit restrictive covenants, with limited exceptions that include enforcement of discrete, short-term training agreements.
Combining event and data-flow graphs in behavioral synthesis

Combining event and data-flow graphs into a single unified representation is addressed. A unified behavior graph is presented, and the algorithms required to support automatic synthesis are obtained. The new descriptive conventions are shown to be concise and to possess straightforward mappings to hardware. The algorithms are demonstrated to be of practical complexity (O(n/sup 2/), where N is the number of interface events). A practical example demonstrates how the representation is used, and synthesis results from five examples show that the synthesized circuitry is comparable to that achieved with other automatic methods or by experienced human designers. >
The need for rational therapeutics in the use of cough and cold medicine in infants.

Cough and cold medications (CCM) generally are felt to be safe by both parents and health professionals. Widespread possession of CCM in the household and the common perception that CCM are efficacious1 reflect the influence of the marketing and promotion of drugs. In 1987, more than 1.9 billion dollars was spent on CCM nationwide.2 However, two recently published controlled trials have demonstreated little efficacy of CCM in children younger than 5 years old. One study demonstrated no significant improvement in the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections among children 6 months to 5 years old treated with an antihistamine-decongestant, placebo, or no treatment.3
Chemotactic Response to Amino Acids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Semisolid Nitrate Medium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited positive chemotaxis to glutamate, alanine, and arginine in a nutrient semisolid nitrate medium.
Molecular catastrophes and circumstellar SiO masers

Understanding the complex SiO maser regions of highly evolved stars can be improved through multiwavelength studies of 'premaser' stars, such as M0-M4 giants and semiregular variables, which can be placed on normal H-R diagrams unlike most of the OH-IR stars. I argue that SiO masers are a key part of the transformation of hot stellar plasma into cold circumstellar silicate dust, in the outflows from evolved, oxygen rich stars. Evidence for this statement rests on the following: (1) red giant mass loss originates in a stochastic, amsotropic manner; (2) SiO maser maps of Miras and red supergiants show numerous maser spots within a few stellar radii; (3) molecules and dust naturally form in a cooling outflow; (4) the IRAS Low Resolution Spectrometer provided evidence for diverse and variable 10 micron silicate features in Miras, and these shapes correlate well with the proposed maser chronology, suggesting a formation and annealing sequence. The theory for the occurrence of SiO masers involving thermal instability, related 'new' physics, recent calculations and a prediction are discussed.
Home dust microbiota is disordered in homes of low-income asthmatic children.

AbstractObjective: Exposure to microorganisms has repeatedly been found to influence development of atopic diseases, such as asthma. Innovative techniques have been developed that can comprehensively characterize microbial communities. The objective of this study was to characterize the home microbiota of asthmatic children utilizing 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis by microarray. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, DNA was extracted from home dust and bacterial 16S rRNA genes amplified. Bacterial products were hybridized to the PhyloChip Array and scanned using a GeneArray scanner (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The Adonis test was used to determine significant differences in the whole microbiome. Welch’s t-test was used to determine significant abundance differences and genus-level richness differences. Results: Nineteen homes were included in the analysis (14 asthma and five no asthma). About 1741 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in at least one sample. Bacterial genus richness did ...
Extinction in Multiple Species Fisheries Harvested with the Same Gear—The Great Lakes Ciscoes

Extinction of four deepwater ciscoe species (Coregonus spp.) in the Great Lakes occurred during a period of heavy exploitation, but during the same period there were several introduced and invading species and there also was widespread deterioration in the quality of the environment. The cause of the extinctions is uncertain, but extinction is a threat in multiple species fisheries harvested with a common gear. The possibility that the ciscoe extinctions resulted from harvesting was investigated using a general form of the surplus production model and computer simulation. In the simulations extinctions occurred even with a moderate fishing effort when a large number of different species were caught with the same gear. In the Great Lakes 4 out of 8 ciscoe species caught with the same gear apparently went extinct. In the simulations 4 extinctions out of 8 species was a common event, and the fishery alone was all that was necessary to cause the extinctions.
Prediction of Dioxin/Furan Incinerator Emissions Using Low-Molecular-Weight Volatile Products of Incomplete Combustion

Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) from incinerators and other stationary combustion sources are of environmental concern because of the toxicity of certain PCDD/F congeners. Measurement of trace levels of PCDDs/Fs in combustor emissions is not a trivial matter. Development of one or more simple, easy-to-measure, reliable indicators of stack PCDD/F concentrations not only would enable incinerator operators to economically optimize system performance with respect to PCDD/F emissions, but could also provide a potential technique for demonstrating compliance status on a more frequent basis. This paper focuses on one approach to empirically estimate PCDD/F emissions using easy-to-measure volatile organic C2 chlorinated alkene precursors coupled with flue gas cleaning parameters. Three data sets from pilot-scale incineration experiments were examined for correlations between C2 chlorinated alkenes and PCDDs/Fs. Each data set contained one or more C2 chloroalkenes that were able to account for a statistically significant fraction of the variance in PCDD/F emissions. Variations in the vinyl chloride concentrations were able to account for the variations in the PCDD/F concentrations strongly in two of the three data sets and weakly in one of the data sets.
An analytical estimate of shear band initiation in a necked bar

Abstract The initiation of localized deformation in the form of shear bands within the necked region of an axially loaded rectangular specimen is studied analytically for a plane strain deformation. A semi-inverse method is used to estimate the nonhomogeneous stress state in the necked region prior to shear band inception. For the localization analysis a generalized J2 plasticity theory which includes the dilatancy and pressure sensitivity effects is employed. The analytical estimates are compared with some existing experimental results, and good correlation is obtained.