cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lineshape determination using multiple pathlengths in Fourier transform interferometers

In Fourier transform spectroscopy degradation in spectral resolution and the introduction of false spectral features (`feet') both result from the limited optical pathlength used by a real instrument. This work describes a quantitative relationship between the truncation length of an interferogram and the distortion of the computed halfwidth for the three most common spectral shapes: Gaussian, Lorentzian, and Voigt profiles. The technique can also be used to aid in the alignment and calibration of a Fourier transform interferometer by deriving a calculated truncated interferogram lineshape of a `known' spectral line to compare with the lineshape actually produced by the instrument.
Outcome of severe acute renal failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Abstract Among a spectrum of renal disorders encountered in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the lesion studied most often has been the glomerular disease known as HIV-associated nephropathy. Of the other coincidental renal perturbations reported, the most significant are a heterogeneous group encompassing potentially reversible acute renal failure (ARF), primarily acute tubular necrosis. While HIV-associated nephropathy may frequently be seen in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals, acute tubular necrosis almost always is encountered in patients with clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We analyzed our decade's experience in the management of 146 HIV disease patients with ARF (132 AIDS patients and 14 HIV-seropositive patients) and compared it with a contemporaneous group of 306 non-HIV subjects with ARF. All patients evaluated for ARF between January 1984 and December 1993 by the Renal Division at Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, were reviewed. Only those patients with ARF who reached a serum creatinine concentration of 530 μmol/L or higher were included in the analysis. Ninety-one percent of 146 HIV disease patients with ARF were less than 50 years old compared with only 33% of the 306 non-HIV subjects ( P P P P
SOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN TRIPHENYLIMIDAZOLES

— Lophine (2, 4, 5-triphenylimidazole) and sixteen of its derivatives bearing substituents in the 2-phenyl group have been synthesized and characterized. The fluorescence excitation and emission spectra in neutral and basic solution in 70% dimethylsulfoxide-30 % water have been determined. The chemiluminescent intensities in 70% DMSO-30% water, 0.33 N in NaOH have been measured. The maximum chemiluminescent emission wavelength was found to fall at 530 mμ for all compounds except the nitro derivatives whose intensities were too low to measure. The compounds bearing substituents in the meta and/or para positions of the 2-phenyl group give linear Hammett plots. The value of p is —1.96 + 0.06. The constant emission wavelength and linear Hammett relation is interpreted in terms of the same mechanism and emitting species for all the compounds studied.
The Land Was Ours: African American Beaches from Jim Crow to the Sunbelt South. Andrew W. Kahrl. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012. 376 pp., maps, photos, notes, bibliog., index. $39.95 cloth (ISBN 978-0674050471)

Andrew W. Kahrl's insightful study is a welcome addition to an expanding literature that explores the history and geography of African American relationships with environments and landscapes. Set m...
Optical emission spectral analysis of microplasma discharges in atomic and molecular gases at pressures up to 1.65 MPa

High Pressure microplasmas are potentially useful as high frequency microswitches due to their high electron densities and rapid switching characteristics. In the process of designing these high frequency microswitches, plasma temperatures are important in determining the lifetime of the microswitch materials. Pure gases and mixtures of He, Ar, H2, and N2 are tested for pressure ranges from 0.1 MPa to 1.65 MPa at electrode gap lengths ranging between 20 μm and 50 μm. Higher pressures allow for smaller discharge diameters with high current densities while still maintaining normal glow discharge characteristics. Optical emission spectra (OES) are collected as a non-intrusive diagnostic. Rotational and vibrational temperatures are measured for the different combinations using the 2nd positive system of N2. Rotational temperatures increase with pressure and range from 500K to 3000K for various mixtures at 10 atm. In molecular gases a transition to vibrational-rotational equilibrium is observed at higher pressures. Normal glow discharge operating regimes are maintained at high pressures in all the gases. However instabilities are more likely to occur at high pressure when the system capacitance is high.
Divergence in Female Duetting Signals in the Enchenopa binotata Species Complex of Treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae)

Sexual communication often involves signal exchanges between the sexes, or duetting, in which mate choice is expressed through response signals. With both sexes acting as signalers and receivers, variation in the signals of males and females may be important for mate choice, reproductive isolation, and divergence. In the Enchenopa binotata species complex - a case study of sympatric speciation in which vibrational duetting may have an important role - male signals are species-specific, females choose among males on the basis of signal traits that reflect species and individual differences, and female preferences have exerted divergent selection on male signals. Here, we describe variation in female signals in the E. binotata species complex. We report substantial species differences in the spectral and temporal features of female signals, and in their timing relative to male signals. These differences were similar in range to differences in male signals in the E. binotata complex. We consider processes that might contribute to divergence in female signals, and suggest that signal evolution in the E. binotata complex may be influenced by mate choice in both sexes.
Cerebral demyelination syndrome in a patient treated with 5-fluorouracil and levamisole. The use of thallium SPECT imaging to assist in noninvasive diagnosis--a case report.

BACKGROUND The use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and levamisole in patients with Stage III adenocarcinoma of the colon has now become standard. There have been several reports of a multifocal cerebral demyelination syndrome following 5-FU and levamisole administration. METHODS We describe a patient who developed focal neurologic symptoms while being treated with levamisole and 5-FU in whom the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) metastases was considered. RESULTS A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a diffuse, multifocal white matter process. Diagnostic evaluation did not support a diagnosis of CNS metastasis. 201Thallium chloride single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study was cold. A stereotactic brain biopsy disclosed demyelination but not tumor. The patient had complete functional resolution of symptoms with 1 month of dexamethasone therapy, although follow-up MRI scans have shown persistent abnormality on T2-weighted images. CONCLUSIONS In patients receiving 5-FU and levamisole who develop focal neurologic symptoms with an abnormal MRI scan, the diagnosis of CNS metastasis should not be made without a thorough diagnostic evaluation. We suggest the use of 201thallium chloride SPECT imaging to support the diagnosis of multifocal leukoencephalopathy related to 5-FU and levamisole. In atypical cases, a stereotactic brain biopsy may be required for confirmation. Cancer 1996;77:387-94.
Systemic FIV vector administration: transduction of CNS immune cells and Purkinje neurons.

Abstract The systemic effects of gene therapy have been previously described in a variety of peripheral organs following intravenous administration or intraperitoneal inoculation of viral vectors, as well as in the brain following intracranial administration. However, limited information is available on the ability of viral vectors to cross the blood–brain barrier and infect cells located within the central nervous system (CNS). We employed a VSV-G pseudotyped FIV(lacZ) vector capable of transducing dividing, growth-arrested, as well as post-mitotic cells with the reporter gene lacZ . Adult mice were injected intraperitoneally with FIV(lacZ), and the expression of β-galactosidase was studied 5 weeks following treatment in the brain, liver, spleen and kidney by X-gal histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. Interestingly, relatively low doses of FIV(lacZ) administered intraperitoneally lead to β-galactosidase detection in the brain and cerebellum. The identity of these cells was confirmed by double immunofluorescence, and included CD31-, CD3- and CD11b-positive cells. Fluorescent microspheres co-injected with FIV(lacZ) virus were identified within mononuclear cells in the brain parenchyma, suggesting infiltration of peripheral immune cells in the CNS. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons were also transduced in all adult-injected mice. Our observations indicate that relatively low doses of FIV(lacZ) administered intraperitoneally resulted in the transduction of immune cells in the brain, as well as a specific subset of cerebellar neurons.
A NOTE ON THE POLITICAL EXPENDITURE CYCLE IN LATIN AMERICA

In an earlier paper I established that Latin American executives both civilian and military, manipulate aggregate public expenditures so as to maximize their chances of retaining office. This paper carries the analysis further by elaborating five probable strategies, each consequent to the socio-political conditions executives face, and links strategies to tradeoffs in various programs' shares of the budget at crucial periods. The results suggest that in fact executives do respond to their survival problems by manipulating expenditure shares.
Bioprospecting in the developing world

During the past ten years, species-rich nations in the developing world have sought to capitalize on their 'biological patrimony' through a variety of business relationships with multinational corporations as a means of underwriting their conservation efforts. Initially lauded, these relationships have generated more rhetoric than revenues to date. The ramifications of these results on bioprospecting are discussed along with the foreseeable changes in models of collaboration.
The force of precedent in legal, moral, and empirical reasoning

Comparing the force of precedent in legal, moral, and empirical reasoning sheds light on the nature and goals of those reasoning processes and on the truths at which they aim. Given the breadth of this topic, my goal here cannot be completeness. I aim rather to point out some interesting and suggestive contrasts. My general thesis is that precedent exerts less force in empirical than in moral reasoning, and less in moral than in legal judgment. In law the "gravitational force'' of prior rulings represents a genuine and justified institutional demand; in moral reasoning previous judgments generate global, but not analogous local, constraints and the scope is more limited to the domain of one's own previous judgments; while in science and more mundane empirical reasoning, conservatism toward earlier theories and beliefs is at most an easily overridden strategic presumption. After defending these claims, I shall suggest that both ideological and semantic factors underlie their truth.
Neutron capture prompt-γ activation analysis of foods

The suitability of neutron capture prompt-γ activation analysis (PGAA) for multielement analysis of foods was investigated. A total of 22 elements was observed in 40 food and mineral supplements. Hydrogen, B, C, N, Na, S, Cl, and K concentrations were determined in NIST RM 8431a Mixed Diet and in a wet diet composite made from FDA Total Diet Study collections. Because the neutron flux is so low for PGAA, the method is nondestructive and reanalysis of analytical portions is possible. Both diet materials were analyzed before and after freeze-drying to check for element losses during this process. No losses were found for RM 8431a, but significant losses of B and Na were observed for the wet composite. The measured loss of hydrogen for the wet composite was not consistent with the assumption that the lost mass was water only.
Theoretical analysis of cell separation based on cell surface marker density.

A theoretical analysis was performed to deter- mine the number of fractions a multidisperse, immuno- magnetically labeled cell population can be separated into based on the surface marker (antigen) density. A number of assumptions were made in this analysis: that there is a proportionality between the number of surface markers on the cell surface and the number of immuno- magnetic labels bound; that this surface marker density is independent of the cell diameter; and that there is only the presence of magnetic and drag forces acting on the cell. Due to the normal distribution of cell diameters, a ''randomizing'' effect enters into the analysis, and an analogy between the ''theoretical plate'' analysis of dis- tillation, adsorption, and chromatography can be made. Using the experimentally determined, normal distribu- tion of cell diameters for human lymphocytes and a breast cancer cell line, and fluorescent activated cell screening data of specific surface marker distributions, examples of theoretical plate calculations were made and discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59: 10-20, 1998.
Laser-produced rare-earth x-ray spectra

Laser-produced x-ray spectra of Sm, Gd, and Dy were measured in the energy range 800-2300 eV. Atomic self-consistent-field calculations were used to identify the transitions in ions stripped to the $M$ shell for the Gd spectra. This work extends the Ni I isoelectronic sequence to rare-earth elements.
Information, Pricing and Efficiency in Cash and Futures Markets: The Case of Hogs

The price leadership roles among hog cash and futures markets are assessed to locate points of price discovery and to examine flows of information among these markets. Several years of data are analyzed using lead/lag causality analysis and strength of linear causality measures. Although significant instantaneous relationships exist among hog cash and futures markets, one-way causality tests indicate that generally the futures market dominates cash hog markets in the price discovery process.
Management of cerebral hemispherectomy in children

Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere may be undertaken in patients with intractable seizure disorders. Anesthetic management of such patients has not been reviewed in detail before. This study retrospectively analyzed hospital records of ten patients undergoing cerebral hemispherectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between July 1983 and February 1988. Patient records were reviewed for diagnosis, physical characteristics, preoperative medications, anesthetic management, and postoperative course in the intensive care unit (ICU). Massive and sudden blood loss was a common finding in these patients, and during the intraoperative and postoperative periods, fluid resuscitation frequently was an ongoing process. In some patients, the blood loss exceeded one blood volume and was associated with coagulopathy, hypokalemia, and hypothermia. Urine output was elevated by a glucose-induced diuresis in some patients, giving misleading information as to intravascular volume status. Seizures and hemorrhage into the hemispherectomy cavity were management problems in the ICU. From this review, the authors conclude that blood loss may be marked and precipitous during surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere. Monitoring of intra-arterial pressure and central venous pressure (CVP) is necessary for patient management during the intraoperative and postoperative periods. Intravenous (IV) access should allow rapid intravascular volume administration as it becomes necessary. Patients should remain intubated and observed closely during the immediate postoperative period due to difficulties with hemodynamic stability, seizures, and hemorrhage.
Slow Neutron Velocity Spectrometer Studies of H, D, F, Mg, S, Si, and Quartz

The neutron proton cross section has been measured using a paraffin sample. The observed free proton cross section is (20.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1). The cross section-curve below 0.05 ev is well matched by a theoretical curve and approaches 4 times the free proton cross section at very low energies. The thermal cross section of ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O is well matched by the curve ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}}=(10+0.72{E}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}})$. The free cross section of D is (3.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2). The thermal cross section of fluorine in a fluorocarbon oil is well matched by the curve ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{F}}=(3.3+0.11{E}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}})$. The cross section of the free fluorine is (3.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5). The cross section of Mg is essentially constant at (3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1) ev. No resonances are observed in Mg. Microcrystalline interference effects are noticed in the low energy region. The thermal cross section of sulfur is well matched by the curve $\ensuremath{\sigma}=(1+0.098{E}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}})$. No resonances are observed in S. The cross section of Si is essentially constant at (2.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1). No resonances are observed in Si. Microcrystalline interference effects are noticed in the low energy region. The effective neutron cross section of an optical quartz crystal decreases from the additive cross section of (9.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2) at \ensuremath{\sim}10 ev to 1.25 at 0.025 ev which is taken to be the residual incoherent cross section.
Induction dose of propofol for pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department.

Objective This study aimed to determine if patient age is an independent predictor of the propofol dose required for the induction of sedation in pediatric patients for procedures performed in the emergency department (ED). Methods This is a retrospective study conducted in an academic, tertiary ED between May 2005 and October 2009. Medical records of patients younger than 18 years who received propofol for procedural sedation were evaluated. Data collected included patient demographics, procedure type, propofol doses administered, time to sedation induction, pain scores before procedure, opioid administration, and adverse effects. Factors predictive of propofol induction dose were analyzed using linear regression analyses. Results Eighty-eight patients were included in the final analyses. The mean age was 11 years (range, 1-17 years), and 75% were male. The mean induction dose required was 2.1 ± 1.3 mg/kg using a median of 3 boluses (interquartile range, 2-4). The mean time to induction was 3.9 ± 4.2 minutes. In the linear regression analyses (R = 0.07), patient age was inversely predictive of the induction dose (in milligram per kilogram) of propofol (coefficient = -0.074; P = 0.013). Sex, race, procedure type, pain score before procedure, and opioid administration were not predictive of induction dose. Transient respiratory depression occurred in 13.6% and hypotension occurred in 8% of patients, without further complications. Conclusions In pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation in the ED, age is an independent predictor of the dose of propofol required for induction of sedation. Therefore, younger patients may require higher doses by body weight (in milligram per kilogram).
First-principles study of elastic and phonon properties of the heavy fermion compound CeMg

Elasticity tensor components, Cij, the crystallographic dependence of Poisson's ratio, the phase stability, and vibrational spectra are computed for nonmagnetic and magnetic CeMg (1:1 Ce:Mg) structures using density functional theory. Results from both the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and the GGA+U, based upon an effective on-site Coulomb potential, Ueff, are investigated. The GGA low energy structure, with wavevector along [110], disagrees with experiment, while the [100] structure from experiment is predicted as the 0?K structure in the GGA+U. Accurate estimation of the 20?K N?el temperature can only be achieved with small Ueff, which suggests that CeMg is not a strongly correlated system. For all CeMg structures investigated, we find C11?C44; this is consistent with the near equivalency of transverse and longitudinal sound speeds. The origin of this behavior is the negative stretching force constants for the interaction between the second-?and third-nearest-neighbor Mg and Ce ions, respectively. Results are compared with neutron scattering experiments at 30 and 110?K.
Adaptive MIMO RF systems: Post-manufacture and real-time tuning for performance maximization and power minimization

MIMO RF systems are seeing widespread use due to their inherent ability to extend the range of wireless channel conditions under which data can be transmitted reliably while satisfying communication throughput requirements. However, as frequencies scale upwards and aggressive CMOS technologies are used to manufacture RF devices, semiconductor process variations will limit the range of operating conditions under which MIMO systems can operate reliably with low power usage. To resolve this, we propose post-manufacture testing and tuning algorithms for MIMO systems assembled from devices across diverse process corners. These algorithms allow such systems to operate across the widest range of channel conditions as possible while minimizing power consumption (performance maximization also maximizes manufacturing yield). To further save power consumption in the field, real-time tuning algorithms are proposed that dynamically trade off available performance slack in MIMO designs, across the relevant signal modulation and MIMO modes to save power consumption. With regard to post-manufacture tuning, it is seen that as much as 20% yield improvement is possible through use of the proposed tuning methodology. With regard to real-time tuning, it is seen that as much as 3X power savings is possible for specific wireless channel conditions. The results of various experiments on MIMO systems are discussed.
Referred pain and tender points.

A diffuse distribution of characteristic sites of tenderness is recognized to be a distinctive feature of the fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome, and is often associated with general symptoms such as exhaustion, stiffness, and irritability to external and internal stimuli. Equally important, and more common, is the development of similar tenderness at precisely the same sites in referred pain syndrome. The distribution of points is clumped, i.e., restricted to the appropriate region, and the general symptoms are lacking. The usual sites of origin are often unknown to the patient, because they lie deep in the cervical or lower lumbar spine. The clumped pattern of points is therefore very helpful in diagnosis and therapy.
Training and Education in Religion/Spirituality Within APA-Accredited Clinical Psychology Programs: 8 Years Later

This study was a follow up investigation of Brawer et al.’s (Prof Psychol Res Pr 33(2):203–206, 2002) survey of education and training of clinical psychologists in religion/spirituality. Directors of clinical training were surveyed to determine whether changes had occurred in the coverage of religion and spirituality through course work, research, supervision, and in the systematic coverage of the content area. Results indicated an increased coverage in the areas of supervision, dedicated courses, inclusion as part of another course, and research. There was no increase in systematic coverage, but significantly more programs provided at least some coverage. The current study also assesses other areas of incorporation as well as directors’ opinions regarding the importance of religion/spirituality in the field of psychology.
Basic hypergeometric series very well-poised in U(n)

Abstract We introduce and study a U(n) multiple series generalization of classical very well-poised basic hypergeometric series of one variable. Two new multiple series generalizations of the terminating 6Φ5 summation theorem are derived. One of these extends to a U(n) generalization of the nonterminating 6Φ5 summation theorem. Multiple series generalizations of the summation theorems of Kummer and Dixon appear as special cases. We obtain the corresponding theorems for ordinary series by taking the limit as q → 1 of all these results.
Branching ratios for excitation to highly excited levels or ionization of complex ions

For excitation to very high levels or ionization of a complex ion there are sometimes several possible final states for the remaining core (next higher stage of ionization in the case of ionization). Then formulas, such as the widely used ionization formula of Lotz or other ionization and excitation formulas in which the cross section is expressed essentially as a product of the number of electrons in the initial subshell times a cross section having the form of a hydrogenic ion cross section, must be multiplied by an additional factor giving the relative probability or branching ratio for the particular final state of the core. This problem was considered previously by Bely and Schwartz (Astron. Astrophys. 1, 281 (1969)) for the case of ionization. They used L-italicS-italic coupling, exchange was neglected and the remaining core was assumed to contain one or two partially filled subshells. Here we have included exchange and we have obtained the branching ratios for j-italicj-italic coupling as well as L-italicS-italic coupling for the general situation that any number of filled and partially filled subshells are present. The results apply for both collisional and radiative transitions.
Reply to Ugurlucan and Tireli

[1] Morell VO, Wearden PD. Aortic translocation for the management of transposition of the great arteries with a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and hypoplasia of the right ventricle. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31:552—4. [2] Sayin OA, Ugurlucan M, Saltik L, Sungur Z, Tireli E. Modified Nikaidoh procedure for transposition of great arteries, ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;54(8):558—60.
Antibodies to dissociated cerebellar cells in New Zealand mice as demonstrated by immunofluorescence.

Abstract The presence of an antibody in New Zealand Black (NZB) mice to dissociated cerebellar cells from 6–10 day-old BDF1 mice was detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The sera from NZB mice displayed a significantly higher binding to cerebellar cells by this technique than did the sera from two non-autoimmune strains (BDF1 and CAF1). The NZB sera showed a positive correlation between an index of cytotoxicity to cerebellar cells and the percentage of cerebellar cells showing serum immunoglobulin (Ig) binding. The NZB sera also showed a significant positive correlation between IgM binding and cytotoxicity to cerebellar cells. No relationship was seen between IgG1 and IgG2 fluorescence and the index of cytotoxicity. In addition, in none of the mice was there a positive correlation between levels of thymocytotoxicity and binding by any of the tested classes of immunoglobulin to dissociated cerebellar cells. Further characterization of the antibody using Sephadex G-200 fractionation of NZB sera showed Ig binding to cerebellar cells for peaks I (void volume) and II of the three major peaks. Pooled normal mouse sera showed elevated Ig fluorescence in only the second peak. In all cases, the heightened fluorescence was determined to be IgM when the appropriate fluoresceinated antisera was used. The data suggest the presence, in some NZB mice, of an IgM antibody reactive with componets of the central nervous system.
Under Match and the Community College Student

Student “under matching” is the term for behavior in which mostly less-affluent, highly qualified high school graduates choose not to enroll at an institution that matches their qualifications—beha...
Sterane and triterpane patterns as diagnostic tools in the mapping of oils, condensates and source rocks of the Gulf of Mexico region

Abstract Four hundred and eighty-one Gulf of Mexico oils and condensates can be subdivided into nine major families based on their sterane ( m / z 217, 218) and triterpane ( m / z 191, 177) biomarker mass chromatogram patterns. These families are (1) carbonate-sourced oils reservoired in Jurassic-Cretaceous reservoirs onshore and Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs offshore, (2) Austin Chalk reservoired oils, (3) Tuscaloosa oils, (4) Wilcox reservoired oils (La), (5) South Texas Palaeogene reservoired oils, (6) Mississippi delta oils, (7) post-mature oils of uncertain affinities, (8) migration contaminated oils (showing attributes of a mixing of immature and post-mature sources), and (9) oils and condensates lacking biomarkers. Each oil family is concentrated in specific age-defined producing trends, ranging in age from Jurassic to Pleistocene. For Tertiary reservoirs, these producing trends shift geographically with time, in a manner analogous to the clockwise migrating Cenozoic depocenter model for the northern Gulf of Mexico. At least six ages of marine source rock deposition may be implicated in the genesis of these oils (1) The Kimmeridgian-Oxfordian (including Smackover and Norphlet formations), (2) The Aptian (including Pine Island, Bexar and Sunniland formations), (3) The Albian (Paluxy formation), (4) The Cenomanian-Turonian (including Eagle Ford and Tuscaloosa formations), (5) The Coniacian-Santonian (Eagle Ford and Austin Chalk), and (6) The Palaeocene (Wilcox, Midway, Sparta formations). The Jurassic and Cretaceous source rocks correspond to described oceanic anoxic events of probable global significance. This paper will concentrate on describing the biomarker patterns of the oils and postulated source rocks, but due to reasons of space, isotopic, elemental and other data will only be briefly discussed.
The potential role of gastroesophageal reflux in the pathogenesis of food-induced wheezing.

Severe reactive airways disease (RAD) in children is frequently associated with gastroesophageal reflux or food allergy. However a relationship between these two confounding factors has yet to be investigated. We postulate that, in certain patients with micro-aspiration of gastric contents into the airways, food allergens sensitize T cells in the peribronchial lymphoid tissue and induce the production of food-specific IgE antibodies that sensitize airway cells. Subsequent exposure to these food allergens might then induce IgE dependent mediator release from mast cells as well as T cell and eosino-phil activation, thus contributing to airway inflammation and RAD. In the current report, we describe the case of a patient with severe asthma who had food allergy and gastroesophageal reflux whose clinical findings support this hypothesis. We also provide additional evidence for a high rate of food sen-sitization in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), RAD and GER. We conclude that additional studies are warranted to examine the possibility that patients who have RAD and GER require an evaluation for food allergy.
Evidence of Nd:YAG quantum efficiency dependence on nonequivalent crystal field effects

Abstract Nd:YAG site-selective spectra and quantum efficiency temperature dependence were observed by dye laser excitation. Low temperature non-equivalent crystal field evidence indicated Nd3+ in one unperturbed and four systematically perturbed lattice sites. Room temperature inefficiency evidently resulted from selective site fluorescence quenching.
The closterovirus-derived gene expression and RNA interference vectors as tools for research and plant biotechnology

Important progress in understanding replication, interactions with host plants, and evolution of closteroviruses enabled engineering of several vectors for gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing. Due to the broad host range of closteroviruses, these vectors expanded vector applicability to include important woody plants such as citrus and grapevine. Furthermore, large closterovirus genomes offer genetic capacity and stability unrivaled by other plant viral vectors. These features provided immense opportunities for using closterovirus vectors for the functional genomics studies and pathogen control in economically valuable crops. This review briefly summarizes advances in closterovirus research during the last decade, explores the relationships between virus biology and vector design, and outlines the most promising directions for future application of closterovirus vectors.
Ionization of Rydberg atoms by circularly and elliptically polarized microwave fields.

A classical study of the dynamics of atomic Rydberg states interacting with both elliptically and circularly polarized microwave fields is presented. In recent experiments, enhanced ionization rates were observed in elliptically as opposed to circularly polarized fields. A classical phase-space simulation provides good qualitative agreement with experimental findings. These results are explained in terms of the breakdown of almost conserved quantities as the polarization of the field is changed from circular to elliptical.
Reflections on the Ontological Status of Persons

Lynne Rudder Baker’s “The Ontological Status of Persons” is a sophisticated attempt to answer the difficult, perennial philosophical question, “What is the relationship of human beings to the natural world?“ According to Baker’s double-stranded answer, our having reflective consciousness implies that we are not identical with our bodies, yet we are physical beings who are united with our bodies in a strong metaphysical sense. This answer combines dualistic and materialistic elements in an extremely interesting and novel way. Baker calls the view that we are essentially animals Animalism. The animalist maintains that each of us is identical with a human animal. Baker argues that if Animalism is correct, then we have ontological significance in virtue of our being human animals or organisms, but not in virtue of our being persons. Baker opposes Animalism with the Constitution View. This view implies that we are essentially persons, but only accidentally animals. A further implication is that none of us is identical with a human animal; rather each of us is constituted by a human animal. According to the Constitution View, we have ontological significance in virtue of being persons, but not in virtue of being animals. On the plus side, Baker’s metaphysical theory that some physical objects constitute others accommodates our intuitive or folk-ontological beliefs about the existence and persistence conditions of statues and statue-shaped pieces of bronze, credit cards and credit card-shaped pieces of plastic, and so on. On the minus side, as Baker acknowledges, there is a worry that this metaphysical theory multiplies physical objects unnecessarily. According to Baker’s Constitution View, person is a primary-kind. Such a kind, she says, need not be a kind of a broader kind such as animal. I’m not sure exactly what Baker means by this. In particular, I wonder if she doubts Chisholm’s view that, necessarily, a person is a kind of substance. Baker defends the view that there are primary-kind properties that m essential to one thing and accidental to another. Baker’s view is illustrated by
Coral diseases : What is really known?

Reports of new and emerging coral diseases have proliferated in recent years. Such coral diseases are often cited as contributing to coral reef decline. Many of these diseases, however, have been described solely on the basis of field characteristics, and in some instances there is disagreement as to whether an observed coral condition is actually a disease. A disease pathogen has been identified for only three coral diseases, and for only two of these has the pathogen been shown (in the laboratory) to be the disease agent. In one case, the same disease name has been used for several widely varying coral syndromes, whereas in another multiple disease names have been applied to symptoms that may be caused by a single disease. Despite the current confusion, rapid progress is being made.
Effects of a Graduate Preparation Program on Undergraduate Psychology Majors.

We conducted 2 studies to assess and enhance levels of graduate preparation. In Study 1, 248 undergraduates and 28 graduate students completed a new measure of graduate preparation, the Grad Prep Quiz. Results documented the psychometric utility and the predictive validity of the measure, with graduate students scoring significantly higher on this measure than undergraduates. Study 2 provided a controlled study of a graduate preparation program. Compared to the control group, participants in the graduate preparation program demonstrated a significant increase in their Grad Prep Quiz scores. These results support efforts to enhance effective preparation for graduate study in psychology.
Synthesis of POSS-Functionalized Polyisobutylene via Direct Initiation.

POSS-functionalized polyisobutylenes (PIBs) were synthesized by carbocationic polymerization using an epoxy-POSS/TiCl(4) initiating system in hexane/methyl chloride (60:40 v/v) solvent mixture at -80 °C. (1) H NMR spectroscopy verified the incorporation of one epoxy-POSS per polymer chain. Light scattering and TEM analysis demonstrated the formation of 50-100 nm sized aggregates and micron-sized clusters.
On the sensitivity of parameterized convection to the rate of decay of internal heat sources

Thermal histories for the earth based on parameterized mantle convection models have previously indicated that the earth departs significantly from a steady thermal state. The non-steady state is manifest by a present-day excess of heat loss over heat production. We investigate the dependence of the heat production/heat loss ratio and mantle viscosity on heat source decay rate by varying the relative and absolute concentrations of the heat-producing isotopes of K, U, and Th in the mantle. We examine three models with progressively increasing effective half-lives, respectively characterized by K/U ratios of 6×104 (“chondritic”), 1×104 (“terrestrial”), and 0.25×104 (“low Ka/U”). Each of these models can be constrained to yield a common present-day heat flow, mantle temperature, and mantle viscosity, thus demonstrating the inability of those present-day constraints to differentiate between widely varying blends of the earth's nuclear fuel. The present-day heat production/heat loss ratio ranges from about 73% for the chondritic model to about 86% for the low K/U model. Other possible criteria diagnostic of the earth's radioisotope mix are the present-day isotopic abundances. The low K/U model requires U and Th greater by a factor of 2.5 over the chondritic model and K less by a factor of 10. However, measurements of concentrations in candidate mantle rocks reveal a range that far exceeds the relatively small variations that distinguish the different compositional models. Paleothermal conditions also may be indicative of the earth's radioisotope blend. The thermal state in the Archean calculated for the low K/U earth model is characterized by a mean mantle temperature about 100°C hotter and heat flow about 2 times greater than the present-day, whereas a chondritic earth model yields a mantle temperature 300°C hotter and heat flow 4 times greater. However, current estimates of paleo-heat flow and mantle melting temperatures are burdened with uncertainties sufficiently large to preclude their use as criteria diagnostic of the earth's radioisotope endowment.
Fruit quality of ‘Bosc’ pears (Pyrus communis, L.) stored in air or one percent oxygen as influenced by maturity

Abstract ‘Bosc’ pears were harvested on 9, 16, 23, 30 September and 7 October 1981. The starting date of commercial harvest was 16 September. Fruits were stored in either air or 1% O 2 (with 0.03% CO 2 ) at −1.1°C until 1 March 1982. Irrespective of different harvest dates and storage conditions, ripened fruit with a buttery and juicy texture were always associated with a distinct reduction in extractable juice (EJ) of 9 ml/100 g F.W. and an increase in soluble solids (SS) of 1% compared with unripened fruit. The flesh texture of fruit stored in air for more than 90 days became coarse and dry upon ripening; its EJ was only 2–3 ml/100 g F.W. less than unripened fruit, and its SS remained unchanged. Fruit stored in 1% O 2 (with 0.03% CO 2 ) until 1 March 1982 was capable of ripening with moderately buttery and juicy texture irrespective of different harvest dates. However, fruit harvested between 30 September and 7 October suffered substantial core injury after prolonged storage in 1% O 2 (with 0.03% CO 2 ) atmosphere.
A tabulation and classification of the structures of clean solid surfaces and of adsorbed atomic and molecular monolayers as determined from low energy electron diffraction patterns

Abstract A tabulation is presented of the ordering characteristics of clean and adsorbate-covered single crystal surfaces based on diffraction patterns observed with LEED (Low Energy Electron Diffraction). Over 3000 structures are classified by rotational symmetry of the substrate surfaces, and by important sub-classes which reflect recent directions of LEED studies. These include metallic monolayers, alloy surfaces, organic overlayers, coadsorbed overlayers, physisorbed overlayers, and high-Miller-index (stepped) surfaces. We review the important characteristics of each sub-class, and propose future directions of LEED investigations.
Development of a high speed particle image velocimetry technique using fluorescent tracers to study steam bubble collapse

Abstract Use of the particle image velocimetry flow visualization techique, with digital cameras for data acquisition, to study high speed fluid flows is usually limited by the camera frame acquisition rate. The velocity of the fluid under study must be limited to insure that particles suspended in the flow field remain in the camera's focal plane in successive images. However, the use of digital cameras for data acquisition is desirable to simplify and expedite the data analysis. A method is presented which will measure changes in the flow field that occur at different framing rates. This method was tested by acquiring the velocity field during experiments involving the injection of saturated steam into subcooled water. Firstly, changes in the position of tracer particles at a framing rate of 53.8 ms per frame were measured. White polystyrene tracer particles were used to follow the flow over an area of 18.9 × 16.5 mm 2 . Since the area under study is wide, the beam had to be expanded. This step lowers the available energy and highly-scattering tracer particles were necessary to obtain a sufficient exposure of the cameras. Secondly, changes at the relatively fast framing rate of 100 to 320 μs per frame were measured. In this case the view area was smaller (7.3 × 5.7 mm 2 ), so the beam did not have to be expanded vertically and the energy was sufficient to allow the use of fluorescent particles. In order to achieve this fast framing rate, the laser had to be operated in a double pulse mode with one camera exposed twice. The directional ambiguity presented by the double exposure can be resolved by capturing a single exposure of the second pulse with a second digital camera. The study of collapsing steam bubbles also presents the problem of distinguishing between the light reflected by the liquid-gas interface and the light refracted by the surrounding tracer particles. This problem was resolved through the use of fluorescent seeds and appropriate filters. The filter blocked most of the green light reflected by the bubbles and passed the red light emitted by the fluorescent seeds.
Introduction to the Festschrift

Evidence-based practices are complex combinations of services and supports, provided in well-researched sequences, with attention to a person's needs and preferences. Such interventions lose effectiveness when they are not delivered with fidelity to established models. No one in the field of psychiatric rehabilitation can talk for long about fidelity without referring to the work of Gary R. Bond, Ph.D. A special section in this month's issue honors the career of Dr. Bond and presents a sample of current work in this area.
Interdisciplinary travel courses in computer science (abstract only)

In today's world, many students are being encouraged not only to participate in class work and internships, but to travel and gain experiential knowledge. At Presbyterian College, students are required to complete either a research/internship class or an experiential/travel class as a part of their general education requirements. Computer science students were often going on trips with other departments to fulfill this need. This poster explores a course offered at Presbyterian College in May, 2010, which took students from our Physics and Computer Science department behind the scenes of Kennedy Space Center and Walt Disney World. It will include information both about course content and about the cost and overhead involved in planning such a course.
New n-Type Organic Semiconductors: Synthesis, Single Crystal Structures, Cyclic Voltammetry, Photophysics, Electron Transport, and Electroluminescence of a Series of Diphenylanthrazolines

The synthesis, properties, and electroluminescent device applications of a series of five new diphenylanthrazoline molecules 1a−1e are reported. Compounds 1b, 1c, and 1d crystallized in the monoclinic system with the space groups P21/c, C2/c, and P21/c, respectively, revealing highly planar molecules. Diphenylanthrazolines 1a−1e have a formal reduction potential in the range −1.39 to −1.58 V (versus SCE) and estimated electron affinities (LUMO levels) of 2.90−3.10 eV. Compounds 1a−1e emit blue light with fluorescence quantum yields of 58−76% in dilute solution, whereas they emit yellow-green light as thin films. The diphenylanthrazoline molecules as the emissive layers in light-emitting diodes gave yellow light with a maximum brightness of 133 cd/m2 and an external quantum efficiency of up to 0.07% in ambient air. Bilayer light-emitting diodes using compounds 1a−1e as the electron-transport layer and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2‘-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) as the emissive layer had a maximum external ...