cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization and pathophysiology of serum glycoprotein alterations in malaria.

Abstract Serum glycoprotein alterations were evaluated in experimentally induced malaria in adult male volunteers and in persons with relapse of the naturally acquired disease. The glycoprotein electrophoretic pattern most characteristic of symptomatic malaria included a marked increase in the α-1 area and a decrease in the α-2 area, α-1 Antitrypsin was identified as a major, but not sole, contributor to the α-1 elevation; the decrease in the α-2 area was the result of a decrease in serum haptoglobin secondary to intravascular hemolysis, although an initial rise preceded the fall in some patients. Serum glycoprotein changes during malaria, therefore, appeared to result from an initial inflammatory response with an increase of α-1 antitrypsin in all patients and hapatoglobin in some patients, followed by a precipitous fall in serum haptoglobin once hemolysis occurred. Although the glycoprotein changes in malaria appear related to specific aspects of the host response, they are nevertheless unique and, for this reason, of potential value in diagnosis and in assessing the status of patients with this disease.
Applications of Lyapunov Theory

In this chapter we will give the reader an idea of the many different ways that Lyapunov theory can be utilized in applications. We start with some very classical examples of stabilization of nonlinear systems through their Jacobian linearization, and the circle and Popov criteria (which we have visited already in Chapter 4) for linear feedback systems with a nonlinearity in the feedback loop. A very considerable amount of effort has been spent in the control community in applying Lyapunov techniques to adaptive identification and control. We give the reader an introduction to adaptive identification techniques. Adaptive control is far too detailed an undertaking for this book, and we refer to Sastry and Bodson [259] for a more detailed treatment of this topic. Here, we study multiple time scale systems and singular perturbation and averaging from the Lyapunov standpoint here. A more geometric view of singular perturbation is given in the next chapter.
Modified oblique Keller capsular interposition arthroplasty (MOKCIA) for treatment of late-stage hallux rigidus.

Hallux rigidus is a term used to describe painful, limited motion and localized arthritis at the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. With early hallux rigidus, a dorsal cheilectomy can decrease...
Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Photoredox-Generated Radicals: Uncovering a General Manifold for Stereoconvergence in Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings

The cross-coupling of sp3-hybridized organoboron reagents via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis represents a new paradigm of reactivity for engaging alkylmetallic reagents in transition-metal-catalyzed processes. Reported here is an investigation into the mechanistic details of this important transformation using density functional theory. Calculations bring to light a new reaction pathway involving an alkylnickel(I) complex generated by addition of an alkyl radical to Ni(0) that is likely to operate simultaneously with the previously proposed mechanism. Analysis of the enantioselective variant of the transformation reveals an unexpected manifold for stereoinduction involving dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of a Ni(III) intermediate wherein the stereodetermining step is reductive elimination. Furthermore, calculations suggest that the DKR-based stereoinduction manifold may be responsible for stereoselectivity observed in numerous other stereoconvergent Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings and reductive couplings.
Changing Channels A Theory-Based Guide to Selecting Traditional, New, and Social Media in Strategic Social Marketing

Many health promotion campaigns are designed to communicate complex, potentially ambiguous messages. The strategic communication stages of formative research, strategy, tactics, and evaluation prov...
A Feeding Stimulant for Pink Bollworm Larvae in Water Extracts of Cotton

When F. G. Maxwell and J. N. Jenkins (ARS, USDA, State College, Miss.) compiled an up-to-date bibliography on biologically active substances present in host plants that have been extracted and demonstrated to cause a behavioral response in insects (unpublished data), they listed 68 examples of insects representing 7 orders for which a substance ( s ) capable of eliciting an arrestant or feeding response had been determined. Several researchers have demonstrated the presence of a substance(s) in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., that fits the definition of Dethier et al. (1960) of a feeding stimulant. Keller et al. (1962) reported a substance in the water extract of cotton squares that arrested the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, and stimulated it to feed on unnatural substances. Maxwell et al. (1963) demonstrated that this arrestant and feeding stimulant was present in all parts of the cotton plant.
Islet biology, the CDKN2A/B locus and type 2 diabetes risk

Type 2 diabetes, fuelled by the obesity epidemic, is an escalating worldwide cause of personal hardship and public cost. Diabetes incidence increases with age, and many studies link the classic senescence and ageing protein p16INK4A to diabetes pathophysiology via pancreatic islet biology. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have unequivocally linked the CDKN2A/B locus, which encodes p16 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (p16INK4A) and three other gene products, p14 alternate reading frame (p14ARF), p15INK4B and antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), with human diabetes risk. However, the mechanism by which the CDKN2A/B locus influences diabetes risk remains uncertain. Here, we weigh the evidence that CDKN2A/B polymorphisms impact metabolic health via islet biology vs effects in other tissues. Structured in a bedside-to-bench-to-bedside approach, we begin with a summary of the evidence that the CDKN2A/B locus impacts diabetes risk and a brief review of the basic biology of CDKN2A/B gene products. The main emphasis of this work is an in-depth look at the nuanced roles that CDKN2A/B gene products and related proteins play in the regulation of beta cell mass, proliferation and insulin secretory function, as well as roles in other metabolic tissues. We finish with a synthesis of basic biology and clinical observations, incorporating human physiology data. We conclude that it is likely that the CDKN2A/B locus influences diabetes risk through both islet and non-islet mechanisms.
Urban-Rural Voting Differences in Russian Elections, 1995-1996: A Rayon-Level Analysis

Two specialists on the electoral geography of post-Soviet Russia examine the results of the second national 1995 parliamentary election and the June and July 1996 presidential elections in the Russian Federation. The scale of analysis is the rayon level, based on a data set of roughly 300 rayons drawn from nine representative oblasts across the country. The data permit urban-rural and regional patterns in electoral behavior to be elucidated with greater precision. Although urban and rural effects are pronounced, the analysis reveals the importance of many other local contextual factors less amenable to quantification. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers H10, O10, R1O. 1 figure, 7 tables, 24 references.
Nail bed injuries.

The nail bed injury is common in mechanized societies. Appropriate early care is essential to good postsurgical results. The timing and techniques of this care are described.
The Exocyst at a Glance

The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion. Spatial and temporal control of exocytosis through the exocyst has a crucial role in a number of physiological processes, such as morphogenesis, cell cycle progression, primary ciliogenesis, cell migration and tumor invasion. In this Cell Science at a Glance poster article, we summarize recent works on the molecular organization, function and regulation of the exocyst complex, as they provide rationales to the involvement of this complex in such a diverse array of cellular processes.
The Talmudic Formula for a Long Life

The Talmud is one of the most influential books of Late Antiquity. Numerous passages in the Talmud promise longevity for various behaviors. Thus, Benjamin the Righteous had 22 years added to his life for providing a woman with charity and thereby saving her life and the lives of her seven children. Rabbi Pereda had an enormous number of years added to his life for a preternatural amount of patience when teaching a student. The author examines these passages and provides an overview of what deeds were considered important by the sages. The Talmudic recommendations for long life are categorized into five general groupings.
Optimization of Checkerboard Spatial Frequencies for Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential Brain–Computer Interfaces

Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are oscillations of the electroencephalogram (EEG) which are mainly observed over the occipital area that exhibit a frequency corresponding to a repetitively flashing visual stimulus. SSVEPs have proven to be very consistent and reliable signals for rapid EEG-based brain–computer interface (BCI) control. There is conflicting evidence regarding whether solid or checkerboard-patterned flashing stimuli produce superior BCI performance. Furthermore, the spatial frequency of checkerboard stimuli can be varied for optimal performance. The present study performs an empirical evaluation of performance for a 4-class SSVEP-based BCI when the spatial frequency of the individual checkerboard stimuli is varied over a continuum ranging from a solid background to single-pixel checkerboard patterns. The results indicate that a spatial frequency of 2.4 cycles per degree can maximize the information transfer rate with a reduction in subjective visual irritation compared to lower spatial frequencies. This important finding on stimulus design can lead to improved performance and usability of SSVEP-based BCIs.
Current practices for MPLS protection

MPLS is the industrypsilas choice for integrating diverse services over the high speed optical network. In case of failures in the physical infrastructure, protection schemes help route the traffic away from the failure site for minimizing the effect on services. In this paper, we present an overview of the latest protection schemes as proposed for MPLS domains. We identify the important issues and present case studies of installing protection mechanisms.
Maintenance of Arctic Populations of Mammals

Seals roaming freely over the oceans are difficult to observe and are obscure in their ways. At the season of breeding, however, they resort to firm ice or shores and for periods explicit for each population they become attached to specific breeding localities until the pups acquire sufficient capability for independent aquatic life. In these temporarily fixed situations the populations are visible. Exposure at time of breeding, particularly by populations that congregate in numbers, has favored human exploitation leading to near-extinction of some populations. The tenacity of traditional attachments to breeding localities is shown in their persistent exploitation. On the Pribilof Islands the hauling out of fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in their established rookeries has worn the hard rock smooth. On some southern coasts the smoothly worn rocks attest that ancient breeding places were long utilized by populations that are now extinct. Erosion of the rocky breeding places demonstrates the persistence of their seasonal use. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) and a northern outpost of southern fur seals (Arctoce-phalus phillippii townsendi) have reconstituted populations from at most only a few survivors of slaughter to occupy again rocks or beaches used by their predecessors off western coasts of Mexico and California.
Technology and Social Inclusion: Rethinking the Digital Divide

(2004). Technology and Social Inclusion: Rethinking the Digital Divide. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 294-296.
Radiofrequency Ablation for Sacroiliac Joint Pain

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is the largest axial joint in the human body. It is a unique joint, with significantly decreased and unconventional motion compared to other synovial joints. Along with its curved shape, these characteristics make it a difficult joint to study. It is an important source of chronic low back pain, which is the leading cause of disability in the United States [1–3]. An estimated 15–25 % of low back pain patients may have SIJ pain as the cause of their symptoms. Furthermore, according to several sources, this figure may be an underestimate [4–10]. The anatomy and physiology of SIJs are unique, which makes accurate diagnosis and management very challenging.
A History of Shoulder Instability in the Military: Where We Have Been and What We Have Learned

Introduction Shoulder instability is one of the most common pathologies seen by the orthopedic sports medicine surgeon. With a uniquely young, high-demand patient population in the U.S. Military, the incidence of shoulder instability is remarkably more common than the civilian population. As such, military orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine and shoulder specialists have developed a unique understanding and experience of shoulder instability. The historical advances of shoulder instability in the military have been instrumental in understanding the epidemiology, evaluation, pathology, treatment of first-time shoulder subluxations and dislocations, operative and non-operative treatment options, arthroscopic and open stabilization methods, management of the in-season athlete, treatment of combined and circumferential labral pathology, and associated pathology. Methods The purpose of this article is to chronicle the experience of military orthopedic surgeons in treating shoulder instability. We discuss how this unique experience has led to a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathology of this condition and how we have adapted our clinical practice to improve patient outcomes. Results The historical contribution of U.S. Military orthopedics to the understanding of shoulder instability has been monumental. This article reviews the evolution of shoulder instability treatment and the understanding as it has evolved in the U.S. Military. It further elaborates on our understanding of the epidemiology of shoulder instability in the U.S. Military, with attention given to our incidence of 1.69 per 1000 person-years, approximately 20 times higher incidence than the general population. We discuss known risk factors for dislocation that contribute to this incidence, which are specific to military service. We address pathologic changes seen following a first-time instability event, including an analysis of labral injury and the role of these pathologic changes in recurrent instability. We also review our results from arthroscopic evaluation of first-time dislocations and compare the pathologic changes with those following a first-time subluxation. Evaluation of treatment outcomes is discussed, comparing operative and non-operative results as well as open and arthroscopic stabilization in the U.S. Military population and contact/collision athletes. Finally, we address how these results drive our current treatment algorithm. Discussion and conclusion The physical demands of military service result in a high rate of shoulder instability relative to the general population. For years military orthopedic surgeons have sought to better understand this pathology and learn how to optimally manage it so as to reduce this heavy burden of disease. This article discusses our experience with treating shoulder instability, provides an overview of the lessons learned, and provides a historical perspective for the evolution of shoulder instability understanding in the U.S. Military.
The Golden Medallion

The inspiration for my garment came completely from African fabrics that were donated by former alum. The dress design was developed for an experimental apparel design class and was completed in May 2013. The garment itself is not a representation of traditional African dress, but is a fashion statement. The statement is made through taking traditional African fabrics to create a garment influenced by the 50s fashion and elegance, reminiscent of a Dior gown.
HALF-LIFE OF 2.7-DAY Au-198

The half-life of 2.7-day Au198 has been measured, using end window Geiger counters, over a period of 24 days, and found to be 2.694 ± 0.006 days.The half-life of 2.7-day Au198 has been reported lat...
Chaotic synchronization between atomic clocks

We predict synchronization of the chaotic dynamics of two atomic ensembles coupled to a heavily damped optical cavity mode. The atoms are dissipated collectively through this mode and pumped incoherently to achieve a macroscopic population of the cavity photons. Even though the dynamics of each ensemble are chaotic, their motions repeat one another. In our system, chaos first emerges via quasiperiodicity and then synchronizes. We identify the signatures of synchronized chaos, chaos, and quasiperiodicity in the experimentally observable power spectra of the light emitted by the cavity.
Bayesian inference and predictive performance of soil respiration models in the presence of model discrepancy

Abstract. Bayesian inference of microbial soil respiration models is often based on the assumptions that the residuals are independent (i.e., no temporal or spatial correlation), identically distributed (i.e., Gaussian noise), and have constant variance (i.e., homoscedastic). In the presence of model discrepancy, as no model is perfect, this study shows that these assumptions are generally invalid in soil respiration modeling such that residuals have high temporal correlation, an increasing variance with increasing magnitude of CO2 efflux, and non-Gaussian distribution. Relaxing these three assumptions stepwise results in eight data models. Data models are the basis of formulating likelihood functions of Bayesian inference. This study presents a systematic and comprehensive investigation of the impacts of data model selection on Bayesian inference and predictive performance. We use three mechanistic soil respiration models with different levels of model fidelity (i.e., model discrepancy) with respect to the number of carbon pools and the explicit representations of soil moisture controls on carbon degradation; therefore, we have different levels of model complexity with respect to the number of model parameters. The study shows that data models have substantial impacts on Bayesian inference and predictive performance of the soil respiration models such that the following points are true: (i) the level of complexity of the best model is generally justified by the cross-validation results for different data models; (ii) not accounting for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation might not necessarily result in biased parameter estimates or predictions, but will definitely underestimate uncertainty; (iii) using a non-Gaussian data model improves the parameter estimates and the predictive performance; and (iv) accounting for autocorrelation only or joint inversion of correlation and heteroscedasticity can be problematic and requires special treatment. Although the conclusions of this study are empirical, the analysis may provide insights for selecting appropriate data models for soil respiration modeling.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Evolution of Surgical Stimulation Target Parallels Changing Model of Dysfunctional Brain Circuits.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, disabling psychiatric disease characterized by persistent, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic, repetitive behaviors. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is thought to alleviate OCD symptoms by modulating underlying disturbances in normal cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuitry. Stimulation of the ventral portion of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) and underlying ventral striatum (“ventral capsule/ventral striatum” or “VC/VS” target) received U.S. FDA approval in 2009 for patients with severe, treatment-refractory OCD. Over the decades, DBS surgical outcome studies have led to an evolution in the electrical stimulation target. In parallel, advancements in neuroimaging techniques have allowed investigators to better visualize and define CSTC circuits underlying the pathophysiology of OCD. A critical analysis of these new data suggests that the therapeutic mechanism of DBS for OCD likely involves neuromodulation of a widespread cortical/subcortical network, accessible by targeting fiber bundles in the ventral ALIC that connect broad network regions. Future studies will include advances in structural and functional imaging, analysis of physiological recordings, and utilization of next-generation DBS devices. These tools will enable patient-specific optimization of DBS therapy, which will hopefully further improve outcomes.
Gibbsian dynamics and ergodicity of magnetohydrodynamics and related systems forced by random noise

AbstractThe magnetohydrodynamics system consists of the Navier-Stokes equations from fluid mechanics, coupled with the Maxwell’s equations from electromagnetism through multiples of non-linear terms involving derivatives. Following the approach of [1], we prove the existence of a unique invariant measure in case the forcing terms consist of the cylindrical Wiener processes with only low modes. Its proof requires taking advantage of the structure of the non-linear terms carefully and is extended to various other related models such as the magnetohydrodynamics-Boussinesq system from fluid mechanics in atmosphere and oceans, as well as the magneto-micropolar fluid system from the theory of microfluids.
Comparison of obstetrical outcomes in patients undergoing cerclage with or without amniocentesis

We sought to compare the obstetrical outcomes in patients who underwent midtrimester cerclage placement with or without prior amniocentesis in a single center cohort. A retrospective medical record...
Experimental Verification of a Double-Input Soft-Switched DC–DC Converter for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle With Hybrid Energy Storage System

In the drivetrain of a fuel cell (FC)-powered electric vehicle, double-input converter plays a critical role by transferring the power from battery and FC to an ultracapacitor (UC) during acceleration and from UC to the battery during braking. As the battery and FC have unregulated low voltage, the converter should provide a high-voltage gain as well as an efficient power conversion. In this article, a double-input three-level converter composed of buck-boost-half-bridge modules is proposed for automotive applications. The proposed converter can supply the load in the absence of FC or battery. The converter takes advantage of active clamp configuration in terms of reducing the voltage stress across switches and providing soft-switching performance. Consequently, the converter's overall performance in terms of switching losses and cost can be considerably improved. The switching scheme doubles the effective switching frequency, which, in turn, reduces the size of the boost inductors to enhance power density. The operational characteristics of the converter and comparison with state-of-the-art converters are given in this article. Finally, a 4-kW, 100-kHz prototype using gallium nitride switches is implemented to validate the proposed concept.
Machine-based detection and classification for bone marrow aspirate differential counts: initial development focusing on nonneoplastic cells

Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) differential cell counts (DCCs) are critical for the classification of hematologic disorders. While manual counts are considered the gold standard, they are labor intensive, time consuming, and subject to bias. A reliable automated counter has yet to be developed, largely due to the inherent complexity of bone marrow specimens. Digital pathology imaging coupled with machine learning algorithms represents a highly promising emerging technology for this purpose. Yet, training datasets for BMA cellular constituents, critical for building and validating machine learning algorithms, are lacking. Herein, we report our experience creating and employing such datasets to develop a machine learning algorithm to detect and classify BMA cells. Utilizing a web-based system that we developed for annotating and managing digital pathology images, over 10,000 cells from scanned whole slide images of BMA smears were manually annotated, including all classes that comprise the standard clinical DCC. We implemented a two-stage, detection and classification approach that allows design flexibility and improved classification accuracy. In a sixfold cross-validation, our algorithms achieved high overall accuracy in detection (0.959 ± 0.008 precision-recall AUC) and classification (0.982 ± 0.03 ROC AUC) using nonneoplastic samples. Testing on a small set of acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma samples demonstrated similar detection and classification performance. In summary, our algorithms showed promising early results and represent an important initial step in the effort to devise a reliable, objective method to automate DCCs. With further development to include formal clinical validation, such a system has the potential to assist in disease diagnosis and prognosis, and significantly impact clinical practice. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) differential cell counts (DCCs) are critical for classification of hematologic disorders. Manual DCCs are still considered the gold standard as a reliable automated method is yet to be developed. Digital pathology and machine learning represent a highly promising technology for this purpose. The authors report their experience developing machine learning algorithms to detect and classify BMA cells. Promising early results signify an important initial step in the effort to devise a reliable, objective method to automate DCCs.
Physiological and psychological aspects

Abstract Preventable adverse events in modern healthcare settings are the leading cause of deaths in the United States. The field of human factors and ergonomics has investigated the physiological, psychological, and psychosocial stressors that affect healthcare personnel performance and contribute to these preventable events, deteriorated healthcare worker’s quality of life, and employee burnout. Five of these stressors—workflow, shift work, staffing, working with electronic health records (EHRs), and patient handling—are discussed as relevant to clinical engineering. These stressors are presented through the frameworks of human performance and information processing theories, resource allocation theories, physiological adaptation, and effort-reward systems to derive recommendations for designing tasks, tools, technologies, training, and other engineering considerations for alleviating these stressors.
Neutrophil Microtubules Display Unusual Properties and are Highly Sensitive to Taxol

The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in a number of cellular functions including cytoplasmic organization, intracellular transport, cellular polarity, and cell division. Microtubules are linear polymeric structures composed of heterodimers of α- and β-tubulin with a class of specialized proteins, the microtubule-associated proteins, typically being present. Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo repeated rounds of assembly/disassembly. The half-life of MTs, an index of their dynamics (i.e., assembly-disassembly), has been estimated from studies of single cells in culture and typically ranges from ≈ 5 - 20 minutes depending on the cell type. These dynamic properties of MTs have been explained in terms of the “dynamic instability” model. Five parameters have been used to describe dynamic instability of MTs: (1) elongation velocity; (2) shortening velocity; (3) nucleation frequency; (4) catastrophe frequency; and (5) rescue frequency. Catastrophe is the transition from elongation to shortening while rescue is the transition from shortening to elongation.
Ecosystem services and life cycle assessment: A bibliometric review

Abstract This paper uses bibliometric mapping and network analysis to review decades of research on ecosystem services and life cycle assessment (LCA). The study reveals how these two academic fields evolved to become distinct fields with little interaction despite shared environmental sustainability objectives. In assessing more than 56,000 publications, we identified just 91 LCA studies that integrate biotic ecosystem services in a meaningful way. We further classified these papers based on an ecosystem service standardization system – the Common International Classification for Ecosystem Services (CICES) – and the use of LCA midpoints and endpoints. LCA research has focused on a relatively small number of regulation and maintenance ecosystem services (especially carbon balance), with far less emphasis on provisioning services. Research on cultural services is especially scarce. Land use is a particularly promising area for integrative ecosystem services–LCA research but will require more sophisticated accounting of geographic and temporal variation, as well as the dynamic exchanges of flows between regions. We conclude by illustrating how Geographic Information Science (GIScience) can help address these challenges, enabling much deeper and wider integration of ecosystem service accounting in the LCA field.
Cultivation techniques to study lanthanide metal interactions in the haloalkaliphilic Type I methanotroph "Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense" 5GB1C.

Abstract Lanthanide metals are commonly used in technological devices including batteries, computers, catalysts and magnets. Despite their important properties, mining difficulties and pollution concerns limit the number of mines worldwide. Because of these concerns, biometallurgy is an attractive possibility for lanthanide extraction from recycled materials or from contaminated sites. Methylotrophs, bacteria that grow on reduced carbon substrates like methane and methanol, utilize lanthanides for a central reaction in their metabolisms. They must have some mechanism for uptake or trafficking, and are therefore excellent candidates for applying small molecules or proteins for selective lanthanide metal recycling. The haloalkaliphilic methanotroph “Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense” 5GB1C is the fastest growing methanotroph isolated to date, and thus has great industrial potential. The MxaFI enzyme complex uses calcium as a Lewis acid in conjunction with the pyroquinoline quinone cofactor to oxidize methanol, while the alternative enzyme XoxF uses lanthanide metals (e.g. lanthanum and cerium) for the same function. Lanthanide metals, abundant in the earth's crust, strongly repress the transcription of mxaF yet activate the transcription of xoxF, implying that XoxF may be the predominant methanol dehydrogenase in the bacterium's native environment. It may be that lanthanum interaction mechanisms are different from those in other microorganisms. In addition, the facile genetics in this strain and existing background information make it a good study organism for biological lanthanum uptake. The interesting physiology of this organism required empirical work to develop cultivation methods that allow robust assays of gene expression and measurement of lanthanum associated with cell biomass. In this chapter, we show that altering the metal chelator increased the availability of lanthanum to the cell as measured by the specific gene expression response. We also made further alterations to prevent lanthanum precipitation in medium for the growth of haloalkaliphiles.
Spatial econometrics for misaligned data

Abstract We produce methodology for regression analysis when the geographic locations of the independent and dependent variables do not coincide, in which case we speak of misaligned data. We develop and investigate two complementary methods for regression analysis with misaligned data that circumvent the need to estimate or specify the covariance of the regression errors. We carry out a detailed reanalysis of Maccini and Yang (2009) and find economically significant quantitative differences but sustain most qualitative conclusions.
Exploring School Leaders Communities of Practice and School Improvement

This case study describes a pilot professional development project in which school leaders met regularly in a community of practice to clarify each other’s identification of a problem of practice f...
Local Religiosity and Insider Trading Activity

Based on the organizational psychology and social norms theories, we provide empirical evidence on the effect of local religiosity on insider trading activity. We find that local religiosity has a negative and statistically significant impact on insider trading activity, which is robust to alternative model specifications, selection bias, reverse causality, omitted variable bias, and measurement errors. Local religiosity negatively affects both insider purchase and sale activity, supporting the predictions of the morality and risk-aversion traits of local religiosity. However, the effect of the risk-aversion trait dominates the morality trait since the negative effect of local religiosity on insider sale transactions is higher. We also show that the level of information asymmetry, a key driver of insider trading activity, magnifies the effect of local religiosity on insider trading activity. Overall, local religiosity works as a compensatory control mechanism moderating the effect of managerial rent extraction motives on insider trading activity.
Wrong-Way Driving Prevention: Incident Survey Results and Planned Countermeasure Implementation in Florida

Wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes are rare on Central Florida roadways. However, WWD is a severe hazard, especially on high-speed limited access roadways. This research developed the first driver survey to obtain details about unreported WWD events on Central Florida toll roads and freeways. This phone survey asked participants about WWD events witnessed either by the participant or by a family member, friend, or acquaintance. The 400 completed surveys showed that State Road 408 (SR-408) and Florida’s turnpike (SR-91) experienced the most WWD events. Fourteen percent of the WWD events resulted in a crash, and only 10% of the WWD events witnessed by participants were reported to law enforcement or roadway agencies, even though 50% of the events caused the survey participants to feel a high risk of danger. These results show that WWD is more frequent than indicated by crashes or 911 calls. On the basis of these results, the Central Florida Expressway Authority (formerly known as the Orlando–Orange County Expr...
Glycolipids of the Human Gastric Content

A new sulfated glycolipid has been isolated from the lipid extract of human gastric content by the procedure involving column fractionation on silicic acid and thin-layer chromatography. Degradation studies revealed the presence of glucose, sulfate, fatty acids and glyceryl monoethers. The structure of this glycolipid was identified by partial acid hydrolysis, oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide, and permethylation studies, as: SO3H-6Glcalphal leads to 6Glcalphal leads to 6Glcalphal leads to 3-diglyceride. The diglyceride portion of this glycolipid consists mostly of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acyl-glycerol.
On the number of partition weights with Kostka multiplicity one

Given a positive integer $n$, and partitions $\lambda$ and $\mu$ of $n$, let $K_{\lambda \mu}$ denote the Kostka number, which is the number of semistandard Young tableaux of shape $\lambda$ and weight $\mu$. Let $J(\lambda)$ denote the number of $\mu$ such that $K_{\lambda \mu} = 1$. By applying a result of Berenshtein and Zelevinskii, we obtain a formula for $J(\lambda)$ in terms of restricted partition functions, which is recursive in the number of distinct part sizes of $\lambda$. We use this to classify all partitions $\lambda$ such that $J(\lambda) = 1$ and all $\lambda$ such that $J(\lambda) = 2$. We then consider signed tableaux, where a semistandard signed tableau of shape $\lambda$ has entries from the ordered set $\{0 < \bar{1} < 1 < \bar{2} < 2 < \cdots \}$, and such that $i$ and $\bar{i}$ contribute equally to the weight. For a weight $(w_0, \mu)$ with $\mu$ a partition, the signed Kostka number $K^{\pm}_{\lambda,(w_0, \mu)}$ is defined as the number of semistandard signed tableaux of shape $\lambda$ and weight $(w_0, \mu)$, and $J^{\pm}(\lambda)$ is then defined to be the number of weights $(w_0, \mu)$ such that $K^{\pm}_{\lambda, (w_0, \mu)} = 1$. Using different methods than in the unsigned case, we find that the only nonzero value which $J^{\pm}(\lambda)$ can take is $1$, and we find all sequences of partitions with this property. We conclude with an application of these results on signed tableaux to the character theory of finite unitary groups.
Judge Marilyn Hall Patel: A Dedication

This introduction dedicates this edition of the Urban Law Journal to the memory of Judge Marilyn Hall Patel. Judge Patel is known as a judge of the greatest independence and integrity, and her opinions reflect both her concern with the judicial craft and her inspiring commitment to justice and fairness.
Cyclization of diphenylacetylene on methylchromium σ-complexes

Abstract The cyclic and linear condensations of diphenylacetylene in the presence of the methylchromium tetrahydrofuranate system are accompanied by reactions with the methyl-metal complex, namely transfer of methyl groups and hydrogen to the unsaturated ligand. cis - and trans -Stilbenes, α-methylstilbenes, α-benzylstyrene, and dibenzyl are formed among other condensation products. The additions are sterically controlled; the cis isomers initially formed isomerize to the trans olefins. The abstraction and transfer of hydrogen occur within the sysem and either the methyl groups or the solvent act as the major sources. Methyl transfers were also observed when methylmagnesium halide and diphenylacetylene were treated with halides of cobalt and nickel. Methylmagnesium chloride alone, methyllithium or trilithium hexamethylchromium failed to react with the alkyne.
Surface state effects in high- T c superconductors

All copper oxide based high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors share the common property that the c-axis coherence length is shorter than the lattice repeat distance in the same direction. In a semi-infinite system whose top surface is an ab plane, the superconducting properties near the surface may be drastically affected. We report in this paper detailed analyses of the surface properties of model layered superconductors with one and two layers in a unit cell. We have found that for the one-layer model the change in surface electronic structure has no effect on the critical temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and the order parameter \ensuremath{\Delta}. For a two-layer model with one superconducting (S) layer and one normal (N) layer, the order parameter of the top S layer is generally larger than that of the bulk. The enhancement effect is particularly large when a band of surface state exists on the top S layer. In this event, the energy gap structure measured by the point-contact tunneling technique is expected to be very different from that measured by the junction tunneling technique. Such differences have been reported for ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ and ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$. The existence of a surface band also adds complications to the interpretation of the photoemission measurements of the superconducting energy gap, to the extent that the observed gap anisotropy may actually reflect the uneven distribution of the spectral weight of the surface state on the top layer. How to extend these findings to systems with three and more layers in a unit cell will also be discussed.
Nutrition Knowledge and Personal Dietary Compliance: A Focus on Implementation of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines by School Food Service Employees in North Carolina

Since the introduction of the new U.S. Dietary Guidelines in 1990, the focus of interest has been the rationale and nature of the Guidelines. In 1993 progess of the implementation of the Guidelines will be measured. Training has been identified as the primary barrier to implementation. This study assesses the existing nutrition knowledge and personal dietary compliance of school food service employees. Recommendations for effective training strategies are suggested.
The Transitional Nature of the Multifamily Business

Family firms are heterogeneous and often transitioning. To advance our understanding of how and why family firms change, we draw upon and extend the work of Pieper, Smith, Kudlats, and Astrachan by more closely considering the nature of the multifamily business, which is the focal type of organization in their study. Specifically, we explore how initial founding conditions and ongoing organizational and environmental factors may influence the formation, sustainability, and dissolution of the multifamily business, relative to single-family firms or other organizational forms. We argue that multifamily forms may be more common than generally believed, but tend to be a transitory organizational form
Detecting structure by symbolic constructions on tokens

Geometric organization is readily detected in discrete textures such as dot patterns. A common proposal is that orientation-tuned receptive field mechanisms provide the local orientation information from which the global organizations emerge. Alternatively, the local orientation might be attributed to grouping constructions between adjacent tokens, each representing the position of a dot and its attributes such as color, size, and contrast. Geometric organization would then emerge by grouping operations on selected tokens that are similar, adjacent, and aligned. It is the ability to group on the basis of similarity that most strongly differentiates this from the energy-summating receptive field approach. Using dot patterns with rivalrous organization, we demonstrate grouping phenomena that are difficult to attribute to a broad class of energy summation detectors operating in the spatial frequency domain, which we therefore attribute to perceptual groupings on tokens. We discuss the computational differences between feature detection and structure detection, and suggest that orientation-tuned receptive field mechanisms, while appropriate for the former task, have little application to the latter.
The Conformation and Assignment of the Proton NMR Spectrum in Water of DX600, a Bioactive Peptide with a Random Coil Conformation

DX600, a small peptide with 26 residues, is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A range of NMR methods including TOCSY and ROESY yield an assignment of its proton spectrum in water and constraints on its conformation. Constrained molecular dynamics simulations of solvated DX600 show that the peptide's most abundant conformer adopts a predominantly random coil conformation. Constrained by the disulfide bond, its backbone defines an overhand knot with frayed ends.
von Recklinghausen's disease and pheochromocytomas.

Purpose:: We review the literature and characterize the clinical findings of von Recklinghausen’sassociated pheochromocytoma.Materials and Methods:: A Grateful Med search for the years 1966 to 1999 was performed on the subjects, “von Recklinghausen” and “neurofibromatosis.” Articles from the Grateful Med search were then reviewed to identify older publications. Of 325 articles 118 are included in this review.Results:: Pheochromocytomas have been clinically identified in 0.1 to 5.7% of patients with von Recklinghausen’s disease. Mean patient age was 42 years (range 1.5 to 74) in 87 women and 61 men at presentation with pheochromocytoma. Of the 148 patients 84% had solitary adrenal tumors, 9.6% bilateral adrenal disease and 6.1% ectopic pheochromocytomas. Symptoms related to pheochromocytoma or hypertension were noted in 78% of the patients. Tumors secreted epinephrine and norepinephrine, and 87% demonstrated metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake. Of the 148 patients 6% died during pregnancy or a medical procedure...
RNABase: an annotated database of RNA structures.

RNABase is a unified database of all three-dimensional structures containing RNA deposited in either the Protein Data Bank (PDB) or Nucleic Acid Data Base (NDB). For each structure, RNABase contains a brief summary as well as annotation of conformational parameters, identification of possible model errors, Ramachandran-style conformational maps and classification of ribonucleotides into conformers. These same analyses can also be performed on structures submitted by users. To facilitate access, structures are automatically placed into a variety of functional and structural categories, including: ribozymes, pseudoknots, etc. RNABase can be freely accessed on the web at http://www.rnabase.org. We are committed to maintaining this database indefinitely.
Relationship Between Calcium Intake and Meal Location Among 4th- to 6th- Grade Children of Four Ethnicities

Abstract This study examined the relationship between calcium intake and meal location among 4 th - to 6 th -grade students, and the relationship between calcium intake and grade, gender, and ethnicity. Two 24-hour food records were collected from each student (215 completed 2-day food records). Ethnic distribution of the students was 24.7% African-American, 28.8% Euro-American, 37.2% Hispanic-American, and 9.3% Asian-American and other ethnicities. There were 41.9% boys and 58.1% girls, 37.7% in 4 th grade, 31.2% in 5 th grade, and 31.2% in 6th grade. ANOVA revealed no difference in calcium intake based on grade. Boys consumed more calcium (615mg), but not a higher calcium density (mg calcium/ 1000 calories) (402mg/1000 calories), than girls (535mg, 378mg/ 1000 calories). African-Americans consumed less calcium (474mg) and lower calcium density (346mg/1000 calories) than Euro-Americans (643mg, 430mg/1000 calories) for all locations combined and at home (247mg, 179mg/1000 calories; 364mg, 246mg/1000 calories, respectively). Hispanic-American students consumed less calcium (248mg) and lower calcium density (162mg/1000 calories) than Euro-Americans at home (364mg, 246mg/ 1000 calories). Students consumed less calcium at restaurants (70mg) than at home (297mg) or at school (201mg). Calcium density was not different by location. Significance was defined at an alpha level of 0.05. Interventions should include information about restaurant calcium sources and encourage selection of calcium-rich foods.
Enhanced boosting-based algorithm for intrusion detection in virtual machine environments

Intrusion detection is one of the high priority and challenging tasks in many technologies, particularly, in virtualization technology. There is a need to safeguard these systems from known vulnerabilities and at the same time take steps to detect new and unseen, but possible, system abuses by developing more reliable and efficient intrusion detection systems.In this correspondence, we propose a machine learning based intrusion detection algorithm based on Enhanced Boosting with Decision Stumps algorithm to detect various categories of attacks utilizing information embedded within the virtual machine monitor (VMM) level. In the algorithm, decision stumps are used as weak classifiers. The decision rules are provided for different types of features. By combining the weak classifiers for the heterogeneous mixture features types into a strong classifier, the relations between these features are handled naturally, without any forced conversions between them. Moreover, adjustable initial weights based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are adopted to make a tradeoff between the false-alarm and detection rates. Experimental results show that our algorithm has low computational complexity and error rates as tested on real malwares.