cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speaking respect, respecting speech

The feminist campaign against pornography, the furore over a racial epithet in the O.J. Simpson trial, and Iran's continuing threat to kill Salman Rushdie exemplify the intense passions aroused by hurtful speech. In this study Richard Abel offers an original framework for understanding and attempting to resolve these pervasive and intractable conflicts. Drawing on sociological theories of symbollic politics, he views such confrontations as struggles for respect among status categories defined by nationality, religion, race gender, sexual orientation and physical difference. The text seeks to expose the inadequacies of the conventional responses to speech: absolutist civil libertarianism and enthusiastic state regulation. Instead the author argues that only apologies exchanged within the communities that construct collective identities can readjust social standing damaged by hurtful words and images. Abel recasts the problem in terms of equalizing cultural capital and aims to open a new pathway through the wrongs and rights of speech.
ON A PROBLEM IN SEMIPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION

The estimation problem in a semiparametric model, namely, the generalized Lehmann alternative model, is considered here. Suppose that two independent samples X1,…,Xm and Y1, …,Yn with d.f.’s F and G, respectively, are observed. Assume that G(·)=H(F(·);θ), where the form of the function H is known, but F and the parameter θ are unknown. The problem is to estimate θ in the presence of the nuisance function F. We give two methods of estimating the parametric component of the model based on sample quantiles and the Mann-Whitney statistic. The asymptotic variances of these estimators are compared.
Development of Pectoral Apparatus in Ictalurid Catfish

Catfish have a complex pectoral spine that can be bound, locked or rubbed to produce stridulatory sounds and which functions in swimming and as an antipredator adaptation. There are 8 pectoral muscles including four for the first spine and four for the remaining rays. Pectoral muscles in the Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus, an invasive species in Chesapeake estuaries, are known to grow continuously. In this study I categorized growth of six pectoral muscles in young of the year to young mature adults of 5-6 years of age including muscle weight, fiber diameter and fiber number. The abductor muscles for the spine and ray are larger and have more fibers than the arrector ventralis and arrector dorsalis that mediate specialized spine functions (locking and stridulation). In this size range muscle weight and fiber diameter increase linearly, but fiber number exhibits a complex nonlinear increase. Fiber number barely increases in small fish and then jumps dramatically over two fold in fish of about 30 cm TL before stabilizing in larger fish. The fiber increase correlates with dietary shifts to piscivory.
Spinal cord projections and neuropeptides in visceral afferent neurons.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the neuroanatomical experiments that examine the segmental distribution and the central projections of the afferent neurons innervating the urogenital system, large intestine, heart, and upper abdominal organs and the identity of the peptide neurotransmitters in visceral afferent pathways. Recently, developed neuroanatomical tracing methods have yielded important advances in the knowledge of the organization of visceral afferent pathways at various levels of the spinal cord. Horseradish peroxidase tracing experiments have shown that afferent projections from a number of visceral organs exhibit a similar pattern of termination in the spinal cord, and that this pattern is markedly different from that of the somatic afferent neurons that innervate the skin. In addition, neurochemical studies, in which the axonal tracing techniques were combined with immunocytochemistry, revealed that a large percentage of the visceral afferent neurons exhibit neuropeptide immunoreactivity. These findings raised the possibility that neuropeptides may be important transmitters or neuromodulators in the visceral afferent systems.
Characteristic Functions —I

The characteristic function (CF, defined below) is very useful in many areas of mathematics, not only probability and statistics. Usually, this term is used for what we have called the indicator function and our CF is called a bilateral Fourier transform; needless to say, there is also variation in notation. We begin this lesson with some remarks about the set of complex numbers S and complex valued functions.
Consistent Assignment of Nurse Aides: Association With Turnover and Absenteeism

Consistent assignment refers to the same caregivers consistently caring for the same residents almost every time caregivers are on duty. This article examines the association of consistent assignment of nurse aides with turnover and absenteeism. Data came from a survey of nursing home administrators, the Online Survey Certification and Reporting data, and the Area Resource File. The measures were from 2007 and came from 3,941 nursing homes. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine turnover and absenteeism. An average of 68% of nursing homes reported using consistent assignment, with 28% of nursing homes using nurse aides consistent assignment at the often recommended level of 85% (or more). Nursing homes using recommended levels of consistent assignment had significantly lower rates of turnover and of absenteeism. In the multivariate analyses, consistent assignment was significantly associated with both lower turnover and lower absenteeism (p < .01). Consistent assignment is a practice recommended by many policy makers, government agencies, and industry advocates. The findings presented here provide some evidence that the use of this staffing practice can be beneficial.
Spatial dynamics of resorts: Sosúa, Dominican Republic

Abstract While a rich body of literature focuses on the dual nature of Third-World economies, a scarcity of research on duality within a tourism context exists. This article models formal and informal sector development within the resort of Sosua, Dominican Republic. The authors illustrate the spatial dynamics of the two sectors as the resort evolves. Results of this analysis demonstrate that the tourism-related informal sector contracts as the tourism-related formal sector expands. Moreover, the research indicates that displaced informal sector individuals are not likely to be absorbed into the expanding formal economy. The investigation also helps fill a research gap by combining general theories of development with those of tourism.
Impact of Epicardial Anterior Fat Pad Retention on Postcardiothoracic Surgery Atrial Fibrillation Incidence : The AFIST-III Study

Objectives We conducted a randomized, blinded, controlled study evaluating the impact of anterior fat pad (AFP) maintenance on postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) incidence. Background Drugs with antiadrenergic effects reduce POAF. Because the epicardial AFP is parasympathetically innervated, its routine excision during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) might precipitate autonomic imbalance and induce POAF. Methods Patients (n = 180, mean age = 66 ± 10 years, 80% men, 5% with previous atrial fibrillation) undergoing CABG surgery were randomized to either AFP maintenance or AFP removal. Routine prophylaxis against POAF with beta-blockers (85%) and amiodarone (28%) was allowed on the basis of caregivers’ discretion. The development of POAF, total hospital costs, and heart rate variability was compared between groups. Results Anterior fat pad maintenance did not reduce POAF incidence (34.8% vs. 35.2%, p = 0.950) or total hospital costs (data as medians with 25%, 75% percentiles: $22,940 [$17,629, $29,274] vs. $23,866 [$18,602, $30,370], p = 0.647) but was associated with higher heart rate variability (SD of normal-to-normal RR intervals [SDNN]: 31.7 ± 24.6 vs. 22.7 ± 8.3, p = 0.05 and SD of all 5-min mean RR intervals [SDANN 5]: 17.1 ± 11.9 vs. 10.1 ± 5.5, p = 0.003) than AFP removal. Conclusions Maintaining the AFP prevents attenuation of parasympathetic tone after CABG but does not reduce POAF or total hospital costs in any appreciable way.
How Tangential Problems Limit Value Creation in IT-Based Service Systems

Service systems create value through interactions among people and technology. Though information technology (IT), such as those that support electronic commerce, are key resources in IT-based service systems, it is the people in the system, the computer system administrators, who play the most critical role in making these systems work. In our ethnographic studies of IT service delivery, we found that system administrators typically spend much time troubleshooting. We observed that while configuration and performance work is often guided by explicit procedures or plans, troubleshooting work is not. Problems are handled case-by-case. Our observations also reveal that a substantial fraction of time spent troubleshooting is on issues related only tangentially to the primary problem. These tangential problems divert time and energy from the primary problem. Although tangential problems tax the overall service system, there may be opportunities to identify and remediate them to improve overall service delivery and value co-creation.
Are We There Yet?: On a Path to Closing America's Long-Run Deficit

Many decry the fact that policymakers are nowhere close to addressing the long-term fiscal shortfall and as evidence they point to the Congressional Budget Office’s projection of enormous long-term deficits under current policy. This report contends that the minimum deficit reduction incorporated in leading progressive and conservative budgets can put us on a path toward closing the long-term deficit. A significant gap would remain even if consensus were fully realized. However, this report describes a plausible path for further cutting the long-term deficit, as well as important revenue and spending backstops. Finally, it explains that while the country can and should try to reach a fiscally sustainable path, because of the uncertainty surrounding many of those reforms — especially the restructuring of the healthcare system — we cannot expect an immediate solution.
Spin Environment Engineering for a Persistent Current Qubit

A persistent current qubit has two quantum states with opposite currents flowing in a superconducting loop. Their magnetic field couple to nuclear spins. The qubit state is not only perturbed by the spins but it also gets entangled with the spins' state on a very short timescale. However, when the same spins are exposed to a strong but less than critical external magnetic field, then the qubit field is just a small perturbation on top of the external field and the entanglement with each spin is negligible. For a qubit which is more microscopic than certain threshold this partial entanglement results in negligible partial decoherence.
Discordant HLA haplotype segregation in familial Crohn's disease

To look for possible HLA linkage in familial Crohn's disease, HLA haplotype segregation patterns were determined in 70 members of five kindreds, each having 2 or more patients with Crohn's disease (total number: 13 with Crohn's disease, 1 with ulcerative colitis). Concordant segregation of HLA haplotypes and disease was not observed. Study of HLA A and B locus phenotypes in 64 additional patients with documented Crohn's disease failed to show any significant disease association. We conclude that in these kindreds, HLA linkage does not account for the familial susceptibiltiy to Crohn's disease and that HLA A and B locus antigens are not associated with Crohn's disease.
‘Micropoetics’: The Poetry of Hypertrophic Words in Early Colonial Nahuatl

This paper investigates instances of what has been called ‘linguistic hypertrophism’ in certain Nahuatl texts from early colonial Mexico. Beyond the mere description of this phenomenon, this paper proposes that certain types of hypertrophic words found within the corpus of colonial Nahuatl literature can be analyzed as single-word poetic texts. Furthermore, it is argued that these words display many of the characteristic features of Nahuatl poetics, including couplets, triplets, and parallel structuring, all within the morphological boundaries of individual words. Words analyzed here constitute understudied examples of indigenous literary production and serve as evidence of the persistence of indigenous orality and poetics well into the colonial period.
The emergence of sparse spanners and well-separated pair decomposition under anarchy

A spanner graph on a set of points in R d provides shortest paths between any pair of points with lengths at most a constant factor of their Euclidean distance. A spanner with a sparse set of edges is thus a good candidate for network backbones, as desired in many practical scenarios such as the transportation network and peer-to-peer network overlays. In this paper we investigate new models and aim to interpret why good spanners ‘emerge’ in reality, when they are clearly built in pieces by agents with their own interests and the construction is not coordinated. We show that the following algorithm of constructing an edge pq , if and only if there is no existing edge p ′ q ′ with p ′ and q ′ at distances no more than (4(1+1/e)) -1 ·| pq | from p , q respectively, generates a (1+e)-spanner with a linear number of edges. The algorithm also implies a simple algorithm for constructing linear-size well-separated pair decompositions that may be of interest on their own. This new spanner construction algorithm has applications in the construction of nice network topologies for peer-to-peer systems, when peers join and leave the network and have only limited information about the rest of the network.
Current applications and trends of SAW components in France

The present uses of surface acoustic wave (SAW) components in France are summarized. The trends, evolutions, and associated research in the field are noted. The filter applications considered are: in pulse-compression radars, electronic support measures, electronic intelligence, telecommunications filtering, digital data transmission, spread-spectrum communication, TV broadcasting, cable TV, and TV receive-only (TVRO) units. Current research on SAW processing vs. digital processing and SAW component development are noted. >
Role of Genotypic Analysis of the Thymidine Kinase Gene of Herpes Simplex Virus for Determination of Neurovirulence and Resistance to Acyclovir

Mutations in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of herpes simplex virus (HSV) have been associated with resistance to acyclovir (ACY) and possible recognition of neurotropic strains. We sequenced a 335-bp segment of the TK gene to determine the frequency of mutations in HSV strains recovered from dermal, genital, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens (n = 200; 102 HSV type 1 [HSV-1] 98 HSV-2 strains). Four polymorphic sites were detected in HSV-1 strains; C513T, A528G, C575T, and C672T. Among the polymorphisms, only C575T resulted in a change of amino acid sequence (residue 192, Ala→Val). For HSV-2 strains, only one polymorphism (G420T) which resulted in an amino acid substitution (residue 139, Leu→Phe) was detected. Phenotypic determination of resistance to ACY by a plaque reduction assay of 48 HSV isolates was not correlated with the sequence results of 11 strains in that 7 of these with genotypic polymorphisms were susceptible to the drug in vitro. In addition, of 32 ACY-resistant HSV strains, 28 (87.5%) had no polymorphisms detected in the 335-bp amplicon of the TK gene. There was no statistical difference in the frequency of polymorphisms according to the source of the specimens. We conclude that the detection of nucleic acid polymorphisms in a previously implicated 335-bp segment of the TK gene cannot be interpreted as indicative of either ACY resistance or neurotropism of HSV strains from dermal, genital, and CSF sources.
Taking the Pulse of Undergraduate Health Psychology: A Nationwide Survey

We conducted a random national survey of 100 doctoral, 100 comprehensive, and 100 baccalaureate institutions to determine the current state of the undergraduate health psychology course. We found clear evidence of a maturing course with much greater commonality in name (health psychology), theoretical foundation (the biopsychosocial model), and course content (e.g., smoking, heart disease, stress, chronic illness) than reported in the past. Also indicative of growth, 33% of all schools compared offered the course compared to only a quarter of schools offering the course 2 decades ago. Finally, we discuss the current state of health psychology and summaries of course content and teaching strategies.
Non-radioactive DNA probe and polymerase chain reaction procedures for the specific detection of Acanthmoeba

Acanthamoebae are potential pathogens which can cause serious infections of humans. A non-radioactive rDNA probe and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification procedures which are specific, rapid, sensitive and safe for the detection of Acanthamoeba have been developed. A restriction fragment (126 bp; ArDNA-a) from a variable region of the cloned 26S rDNA unit of Acanthamoeba castellanii (from plasmid pAR2) was labelled by biotinylation. Cells and DNAs were incubated with the labelled rDNA probe to define conditions providing the highest hybridization specificity for Acanthamoeba by both colorimetric and chemiluminescent assays. Four recent isolates of Acanthamoeba, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, various bacteria, Herpes simplex virus, other eukaryotic amoebae and human cell lines, were sources of DNA for testing. The rDNA probe was found to be highly specific for Acanthamoeba and is capable of directly detecting about 250 cells without prior DNA purification. PCR primers for this unique ArDNA-a fragment have also been designed. Amplification of the targeted sequence by PCR using those primers yielded a single product which was specifically generated for Acanthamoeba template DNA and not DNA from the other control cells. This PCR procedure provided increased sensitivity with the direct detection of as few as 10 Acanthamoeba cells.
Current profile tracking for the DIII-D tokamak via LQI optimal control

In tokamak fusion plasmas, controlling the spatial distribution profile of the toroidal current is key to achieving advanced scenarios characterized by confinement improvement and possible steady-state operation. The dynamics of the current profile are nonlinear and coupled with other plasma parameters, motivating the use of model-based control strategies. In this work, we use a control-oriented model of the current profile evolution in DIII-D to design a feedback controller for regulating the profile around a desired trajectory. Without feedback, the response of the current profile to disturbances, model uncertainty, and perturbed initial conditions can be undesirable. To improve tracking performance of the system, a nonlinear input transformation is combined with a linear-quadratic-integral (LQI) optimal controller designed to minimize a weighted combination of the tracking error and controller effort. The resulting control law utilizes the total plasma current, total external heating power, and line averaged plasma density as actuators. We present simulation and experimental results showing successful rejection of perturbed initial conditions and input disturbances.
Band structure engineering for electron tunneling in heterostructures

Summary form only given. It has been shows that inelastic tunneling via the AlGaAs X minimum is responsible for the excess valley current in GaAs/AlGaAs resonant tunneling devices. In addition, negative differential resistance has been observed in GaAs/AlAs/GaAs single-barrier heterostructures, due to the presence of a quasi-bound state associated with the X-point profile. This surprising result is due to the fact that, although the Gamma -point profile of this heterostructure is a simple single tunneling barrier, the X-point profile actually constitutes a quantum well some 0.3 eV deep lying about 0.2 eV above the Gamma -point of GaAs. Another way to realize single-barrier devices with negative differential resistance is based on tunneling below the midgap. In this case, the barrier transmission probability decreases with applied bias because the decay constant increases toward the middle of the bandgap. Room-temperature observations of this type of negative differential resistance were made. Peak-to-valley ratios of 1.6:1 are seen in InAs/AlGaSb single-barrier devices exhibiting this phenomenon. >
Tomato SNP discovery by EST mining and resequencing

Many economically important crop species are relatively depauparate in genetic diversity (e.g., soybean, peanut, tomato). DNA polymorphism within cultivated tomato has been estimated to be low based on molecular markers. Through mining of more than 148,000 public tomato expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and full-length cDNAs, we identified 764 EST clusters with potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among more than 15 tomato lines. By sequencing regions from 53 of these clusters in two to three lines, we discovered a wealth of nucleotide polymorphism (62 SNPs and 12 indels in 21 Unigenes), resulting in a verification rate of 27.2% (28 of 103 SNPs predicted in EST clusters were verified). We hypothesize that five regions with 1.6–13-fold more diversity relative to other tested regions are associated with introgressions from wild relatives. Identifying polymorphic, expressed genes in the tomato genome will be useful for both tomato improvement and germplasm conservation.
Hospitals for Sale

The pace of hospital merger and acquisition activity reflects the economic theory of supply and demand: Publicly traded hospital companies, private equity funds, and large nonprofit hospital systems are investing capital to purchase and operate freestanding community hospitals at a time when many of those hospitals find themselves short of capital reserves and certain forms of management expertise. But the sale of those community hospitals also raises questions about the impact of absentee ownership on the communities which those hospitals serve.
Temperature dependence of aryl butatriene fluorescence: barrier to twisting on S1 for 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutatriene

Abstract The temperature dependence of aryl butatriene fluorescence is assigned to a competition between radiative decay and butatriene chain rotation against a barrier followed by radiationless decay from S 1 . Fluorescence quantum yields were measured as a function of temperature for 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutatriene (TPBT) in a series of n -alkane solvents. Application of the medium-enhanced barrier model and transition state theory allow the observed barrier to be expressed in terms of an intrinsic and solvent-induced contribution ( Δ H ‡ obsd = Δ H ‡ t + Δ H ‡ v ). It is found that there is little or no intrinsic barrier to rotation ( Δ H ‡ t = 0.075 ± 0.155 kcal/mol ) on S 1 for TPBT. The solvent-induced component is related to E η , the activation energy for viscous flow, by Δ H ‡ v = aE η with a = 0.86 ± 0.06 for TPBT. This is in contrast to twisting on S 1 for trans -stilbene for which a significant intrinsic barrier has been reported. AM1 molecular orbital calculations for gas phase TPBT show a twist angle of ∼0° on S 0 with a barrier to rotation of 20.1 kcal/mol. Consistent with the experimental results, the calculations show that TPBT undergoes a barrierless relaxation on S 1 from its Franck-Condon structure to a minimum with a twist angle of 85.6°.
Infinite return: Two ways of wagering with Pascal

Pascal's wager has fascinated philosophers far in excess of its reputation as effective apologetics. Very few of the wager's defenders, in fact, have retained more than an academic interest in its power to persuade. Partly this is a matter of good manners. Pascal is supposed to have pitched his wager at folks who understand only self-interested motivations, and today it is no longer fashionable for defenders of theism to disparage the character of their opponents. But partly the low-key concern with apologetics expresses a philosophical judgement. Pascal's defenders have found the question of the wager's audience to be less philosophically engaging than the logic of its argument. I believe that this assessment is mistaken. The most puzzling feature of Pascal's wager is its invocation of infinite utility. What are finite human beings, theists or otherwise, supposed to make of the idea of an infinitely desirable happiness? There are, I will argue, two sorts of response to this question, and depending on which sort Pascal had in mind, the logic of his wager comes out very differently.
Public utilities and low income customers – A marketing approach

There is increasing recognition of the importance of dealing with material hardship rather than just income poverty. This paper deals with electricity disconnection and shows how Electricite de France (EDF), the French monopoly provider of electricity, has been testing a number of new policy instruments to avoid disconnection among its low income residential customers. EDF’s approach is grounded in marketing principles and techniques both in terms of its willingness to respond to French public opinion on the need to reduce poverty and hardship, and in terms of its use of poor customers surveys to analyze the satisfaction of this segment of clientele to its energy assistance programs. EDF’s programmes show how utilities, both public and private, can go beyond financial assistance as represented by the LIHEAP energy voucher programme in the USA.
Uterine prolapse: An x-ray study

Abstract A method for measuring longitudinal motion of the uterus is presented and the results in twenty-five cases are tabulated. It is admitted that the number is small but the findings have been consistent. Cases studied while developing the technic now used and also cases studied after this series was completed are in accord with these findings. The average mobility in the group without symptoms was 2.6 cm. and the average low above the symphysis was 5.5 cm. In the group with symptoms the average mobility was 5 cm. and the low point above the symphysis 1.2 cm. In cases presenting borderline measurements some allowance must be made for the varying thresholds of discomfort in different women. Additional studies may result in some slight modification of the figures given, but it is believed that the given method will provide a simple and accurate objective method of determining the existence and extent of abnormal uterine relaxation.
On not losing track

Tracking time is used as an explicit objective in designing tracking algorithms that function in clutter. Implications of using time to the first mistake as a measure of tracking time are explored. An optimal tracker is derived for a special circumstance where there is clutter but no measurement error, and is compared to a tracker based on the maximum likelihood principle. >
Ceramide Mediates the Apoptotic Response of WEHI 231 Cells to Anti-immunoglobulin, Corticosteroids and Irradiation

We demonstrate for the first time how immature B cells kill themselves. Ceramide is identified as the mediator of apoptosis in the murine B lymphoma line WEHI 231 commonly used as a model to study clonal deletion in B lymphocytes. We show that exogenous ceramide induces apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells. To maintain self tolerance, immature lymphocytes readily undergo apoptotic death in response to the cross-linking of their antigen-specific receptors. We demonstrate that endogenously produced ceramide accumulates in WEHI 231 cells exposed to anti-IgM, an antigen surrogate before the onset of apoptosis. We also show that two other inducers of apoptosis, irradiation and dexamethasone, cause intracellular accumulation of ceramide.
Coulomb blockade oscillations in a double-dot system

The conductance of two conducting dots coupled by very small capacitances is calculated. It shows remarkable structure as a function of a gate-induced potential Vg. At temperatures just below the Coulomb blockade energy, the conductance is found to oscillate periodically with Vg. As the temperature is reduced, however, the periodic oscillations give way to quasi-random conductance peaks. This behavior is a result of the incommensurate energy scales required to add charges to the two dots.
REFINING ESTIMATES OF DOUBLE TAXATION. LESSONS FROM LAW ENFORCEMENT IN A SUBURBAN COUNTY

The fragmented dicision making of multiple, overlapping governments in response to growth-induced needs for services can result in double taxation. A case study of law enforcement in a suburban county illustrates the double taxation of city residents, who pay for services from both the county and city but mainly receive them from the city. The study improves on previous studies by dividing the unincorporated area into two areas based on intensity of development. The main beneficiaries of the double-taxation subsidy are the unincorporated suburbs. The county government is struggling with the political process of finding a solution to the inequity.
Personality Disorder Traits During Adolescence and Relationships With Family Members During the Transition to Adulthood.

Data from the Children in the Community Transitions Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation, were used to examine the association between adolescent personality disorder (PD) traits and conflict with family members during the transition to adulthood. PD traits at mean age 16 years were associated with elevated contact and conflict with family members between ages 17 and 27 years after Axis I disorders were controlled. There was a significant association between frequent contact and elevated conflict with family members. Both declined gradually during the transition to adulthood. Reduced family contact was associated with reduced family conflict, particularly among individuals who had numerous PD traits during adolescence. Among individuals who had a high level of family conflict during adolescence, reduced family contact between ages 17 and 22 years was associated with a subsequent reduction in conflict with family members between ages 22 and 27 years.
Unveiling Disconcertment: "La Meva Cristina" and "El Batalló Perdut" as Literature of Exile

The end of the Spanish Civil war marked the beginning of a massive exodus that displaced a whole generation of Spaniards who still carry with them the scars of exile. Many expatriates adapted to the disconcertment of their new circumstances, and upon their return carried with them an amalgamation of who they were and what they had become, making their process of reintegration quite difficult. Taking into consideration—as per Frederic Jameson—that literature is a cultural product that textualizes the Real through the author's "political unconscious," it is possible to offer a reading of Merce Rodoreda's "La meva Cristina" and Pere Calders's "El batallo perdut" as literature of exile. The use of fantastic elements and situations where disconcertment reigns can be seen as an articulation of the bizarre experience of rootlessness. Through the use of the fantastic these stories contribute to the representation of exile and translate sensations and emotions that history books can rarely capture. Their ultimate triumph is that of replicating "the feel" of rootlessness. This article looks at the life circumstances of the authors in order to help establish the context of production of the stories. Later it examines the use of the fantastic genre as a way of projecting the ambiguity that arises from banishment. Finally, it unveils various elements within the stories that point toward the disconcertment of exile: identity crisis and status determination; acceptance and inertia; attempts at defining an incongruent space; pervasive wounds and scars; and reintegration and remembrance
A core laboratory for the generation of quality- controlled g-herpesvirus bacmids: generation of KSHV microRNA mutants

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes 12 viral microRNAs that are expressed during latency. Research into the function of these microRNAs has suffered from the lack of an experimental system that allows for the systematic removal of individual microRNAs. Here we have used the E. coli Red recombination system in conjunction with a new bacmid background, 219BAC, generated in the Jung Lab to create mutants for every known KSHV microRNA. The specific microRNA deletions or mutations and the integrity of the viruses has been strictly quality controlled using PCR, restriction digestion and sequencing based assays. In addition, stable viral producer cell lines for wildtype, ΔmiR-K12-1, ΔmiR-K12-3, and ΔmiR-K12-11 have been created in iSLK cells generously provided by Don Ganem. Deep sequencing was employed to sequence verify all of the current producer cell line mutants and a qPCR assay was used to verify the expression of the remaining viral microRNAs. Creation of producer cell lines for all of the microRNA mutants is ongoing and these viruses will be made available to the research community for further study. This project was funded by ARRA RC2CA148407 to RR.
Network Linkages and Local Embeddedness of Foreign Ventures in China: The Case of Suzhou Municipality

Wei Y. H. D. Network linkages and local embeddedness of foreign ventures in China: the case of Suzhou municipality, Regional Studies. This paper analyses foreign direct investment (FDI) in Suzhou municipality, China, known for the Sunan model of development based on township and village enterprises. Suzhou has been remaking its development model by attracting FDI and making itself an innovative place. It is argued that local states play an important, yet diminishing, role in FDI location, with the rising significance of agglomeration effects. However, foreign ventures tend to network among themselves. They remain thinly embedded with local economies and strategic coupling rarely exists. Four mismatches – technological, structural, institutional and spatial – are proposed to explain this weak embeddedness. Suzhou's development path requires expansion of endogenous capacities.
Structural determinants of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in turnover models.

Abstract Using Meta-Analytical Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the relationships between structural determinants of job satisfaction and organizational commitment were investigated in the context of contemporary turnover models. Data for this study were obtained from nine empirical studies conducted under the direction of James L. Price and Charles W. Mueller at the University of Iowa. The results suggest that only three structural determinants (distributive justice, promotional chances, and supervisory support) are directly related to organizational commitment over and above their impact on job satisfaction. The effect size of these direct links, however, is small in that they are not detectable in smaller samples (e.g., n=244). On the other hand, most structural determinants are directly related to job satisfaction. The notable exception is the amount of pay employees received which is not related to either job satisfaction or organizational commitment. These findings and implications for future turnover research are discussed.
Time Dependence in Biaxial Yield of Type 316 Stainless Steel at Room Temperature

This paper describes two biaxial experiments which investigated time and rate effects in the yield and deformation behavior of type 316 stainless steel at room temperature. The first experiment was aimed at determining the effect of probing rate on small-offset yield behavior. The primary aim of the second experiment was to investigate time-dependent flow after loading beyond initial yield. An additional aim was to investigate the effect of radial (..sqrt..3 sigma/sub 12/ = sigma/sub 11/) and nonradial preloads o the yield and hardening behavior. The first experiment showed that for the limited range investigated, 100 to 500 ..mu..epsilon/min, the probing rate had little effect on yield behavior. The second experiment showed that yield surfaces suffered considerable distortion from their initial near-circular form after both radial and nonradial preloads beyond initial yield. It also showed that the hardening behavior was predominantly kinematic for both types of preload. The strain-time data obtained after the preloads in this experiment showed characteristics typical of creep curves. A transient flow period was observed with high initial strain rates diminishing one or two orders of magnitude during the 0.5-h hold periods. This means that in detailed mechanical modeling of this material, careful attention should be givenmore » to time-dependent effects, even at room temperature.« less
Effects of Patch Quality and Feeding Subgroup Size On Feeding Success in Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops)

Acacia tortilis flowers are an important food resource of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) in East Africa. This paper examines the effects of tortilis patch quality and feeding subgroup size on individual and group foraging success in vervet monkeys. Feeding variables examined included net caloric gain, foraging efficiency, pick rates, and foraging bout length. The data provide some evidence in support of the hypothesis -that patch quality significantly influences foraging success. Patches where flower pick rates were higher provided foraging for a greater proportion of the troop and provided more energy intake and higher foraging efficiency for individual troop members. Phenological data indicate that flower pick rates were a direct reflection of patch size and flower cover. On the other hand, data examined here provide no support for the hypothesis that feeding subgroup size adversely affects food intake or foraging efficiency within food patches. The lack of foraging costs appears to be due to adjustment of feeding parties to the size of food patches. Troop size, however, exceeded the average number of feeding sites per A. tortilis patch. As a consequence, low-ranking troop members suffered foraging costs due to exclusion from food patches. These analyses suggest that individual differences in benefits and costs of group foraging may play an important role in the history and evolution of groups.
The effect of panretinal photocoagulation on optic nerve cupping.

Abstract Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) can produce damage to all layers of the retina, including the nerve fiber layer. The hypothesis that these changes in the nerve fiber layer may alter the contour of the optic disc and change the cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio was tested. In a masked retrospective study, the authors evaluated the stereoscopic disc photographs of 100 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and 1 year after undergoing PRP. The fellow untreated eyes were used as controls. Neither argon nor xenon PRP produced a significant change in the C/D ratio. Ophthalmology 96:211-216,1989
Bootstrapping the autoregressive structure of cross-country demand systems

Abstract A simulation based on Efron's (1979) bootstrapping technique suggests that the asymptotic chi-square distribution provides adequate confidence intervals for the autoregressive parameter in cross-country demand systems.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Choroidal Neovascularization in Ocular Histoplasmosis

Purpose To define the role of intravitreal bevacizumab in individuals with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) resulting from Ocular Histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS). Design Retrospective chart review of a surgical therapy. Methods We reviewed the course of 28 eyes of 28 patients who underwent intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for treatment of CNV secondary to OHS. Outcome was measured by pretreatment and posttreatment visual acuity (VA). Results The average pretreatment logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA was 0.65 (Snellen equivalent of 20/88). Mean follow-up was 22.43 weeks with an average of 1.8 intravitreal injections. Average final logMAR VA was 0.43 (Snellen equivalent of 20/54). Twenty eyes (71%) experienced an increase in central VA, whereas four eyes (14%) were unchanged and four eyes (14%) experienced a decrease in vision. Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab may improve or stabilize VA in a significant majority of patients with neovascular complications of OHS (24 eyes [85.7%] in our study population).
Unraveling the role of proteases in cancer.

Investigators have been studying the expression and activity of proteases in the final steps of tumor progression, invasion and metastasis, for the past 30 years. Recent studies, however, indicate that proteases are involved earlier in progression, e.g., in tumor growth both at the primary and metastatic sites. Extracellular proteases may co-operatively influence matrix degradation and tumor cell invasion through proteolytic cascades, with individual proteases having distinct roles in tumor growth, invasion, migration and angiogenesis. In this review, we use cathepsin B as an example to examine the involvement of proteases in tumor progression and metastasis. We discuss the effect of interactions among tumor cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix on the regulation of protease expression. Further elucidation of the role of proteases in cancer will allow us to design more effective inhibitors and novel protease-based drugs for clinical use.
Lu9, another new antigen of the Lutheran blood-group system.

. A new Lutheran antigen, Lu9, with a frequency of about 2%, has been recognized. It has an apparent allelic relationship to the high-frequency character Lu6.
Dissolved Organic Matter as a Potential Source of Nutrition for Marine Organisms

The general features of accumulation of amino acids by marine invertebrates are outlined. The wide distribution of this ability is noted. Data from observations of this process for periods of several days are presented for the polychaete worm, Doruillea articulata . Measurements of the constituents in the pool of free amino acids of this same organism are presented together with data concerning the rate of appearance of radioactivity in the medium after permitting animals to accumulate amino acids. These data permit tentative estimates of rates at which amino acids are lost to the medium. These apparent “leakage” rates are low when compared with rates of uptake. The thermodynamic work necessary to move material against the concentration differences involved is calculated. The fraction of metabolic energy needed is small. The possible biological significance of uptake of small organic compounds is discussed. It is concluded that uptake of amino acids occurs sufficiently generally and at such rates that it should be included in any analysis of the pathways whereby material is acquired from the environment by marine organisms.
Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: Research, Commercialization, and Application in the USA

In a narrow sense, biocontrol suppresses pest organisms with other organisms. However, the multiple interactions among organisms and their environment can contribute to effective biological control...
Hot calcaneus on three-phase bone scan due to bone bruise

A 35-year-old nurse, with no significant medical history and no recollection of foot trauma, was persistently experiencing left heel pain worsened by walking. An ankle and foot plain radiograph showed no abnormality. After 6 months, a three-phase radionuclide bone scan was obtained that showed markedly increased tracer uptake in all three phases in the region of the left calcaneus. An MRI of the left foot showed a bone bruise involving the anterior aspect of the calcaneus.
BLOOD PRESSURE IN YOUNG ADULTS AS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY HABITS, BODY CONFORMATION, AND HAIR ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS.

Abstract Clemson University students were studied to determine the role of anthropometric characteristics, types of physical activities, diet, and hair mineral concentrations on blood pressures. Hair was analyzed for Pb, Cd, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Higher blood pressures were associated with increased age, height, weight, and weight-height index. Sports activity was positively correlated with pulse pressures. Coffee consumption had a positive correlation with diastolic pressures and a negative correlation with pulse pressures. Males and greater blood pressures than females. Greater hair zinc, calcium, magnesium, cadmium, and cadmium to zinc ratio were associated with lower blood pressures. Greater hair lead concentrations were associated with higher blood pressures. Preference for lean meat, sweets, pork, poultry, and fruits and vegetables were associated with lower lower blood pressures. Those who preferred salt items had greater blood pressures.
On collapsing the polynomial-time hierarchy

Abstract If for almost every language A , the polynomial-time hierarchy relative to A collapses, then the (unrelativized) polynomial-time hierarchy collapses.
Modification of a child's deviant walking pattern: An alternative to surgery

Abstract The present study investigated the efficacy of using both arranged and programmed events in the treatment of the toe-walking of a 3 1 2 -yr-old boy. In a single subject design, the effects of modification in the child's footwear, a differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) procedure, and a combination of the two procedures were assessed. Results demonstrated the efficacy of the combined procedure, as toe-walking was substantially reduced following treatment and eliminated at 3 1 2 yr follow-up.
Experimental and theoretical microdialysis studies of in situ metabolism.

Microdialysis sampling was performed to monitor localized metabolism in vivo and in vitro. A mathematical model that accounts for analyte mass transport during microdialysis sampling was used to predict metabolite concentrations in the microdialysis probe during localized metabolism experiments. The model predicts that metabolite concentrations obtained in the microdialysis probe are a function of different experimental parameters including membrane length, perfusion fluid flow rate, and sample diffusive and kinetic properties. Different microdialysis experimental parameters including membrane length and perfusion fluid flow rate were varied to affect substrate extraction efficiency (Ed), or loss to the sample matrix, in vivo and in vitro. Local hepatic metabolism was studied in vivo in male Sprague-Dawley rats by infusing acetaminophen through the microdialysis probe. Acetaminophen sulfate concentrations increased linearly with respect to acetaminophen Ed in contrast to modeling predictions. Xanthine oxidase was used as an in vitro model of localized metabolism. In vitro experimental results partially matched modeling predictions for 10-mm probes. These results suggest that monitoring local metabolism using microdialysis sampling is feasible. It is important to consider system parameters such as dialysis flow rate, membrane length, and sample properties because these factorswill affect analyte concentrations obtainedduring local metabolism experiments.
A review of some attacks on the overkill hypothesis, with special attention to misrepresentations and doubletalk

Abstract This paper addresses misrepresentations and errors in attacks directed against the Overkill hypothesis that was proposed by Paul Martin to explain selective late Pleistocene extinctions. The opposing Climate-Change hypothesis to explain extinctions is driven by ideology as much as by objective reasoning because it is repeated so frequently without strong new evidence to support it, but it has failed to nail down a victory in public opinion. Overkill, which is not an anti-climate-change hypothesis, is perhaps too “flexible” to persuade all scientists, especially because negative evidence (a lack of megafaunal killsites) is considered to be as corroborative as positive evidence. Multiphase models of extinctions that propose different genera died out at different times have become less and less likely as more radiometric dating is done, and overlook the documented variability in atmospheric radiocarbon around the end of the Pleistocene, which prevents the high resolution chronology-building necessary to support a discontinuous model of the extinctions. The extinctions were geologically abrupt, selective, and unique, and therefore they require unique explanations.