cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in obese patients undergoing induction therapy for acute leukemia.

Obesity continues to be a growing epidemic in the United States. Guidelines published by American Society of Clinical Oncology in 2012 recommend dosing chemotherapy using actual body weight. Howeve...
Thermal-neutron flux depression in cylindrical UO/sub 2/ fuel rods

The thermal-neutron flux depression was measured in cylinders containing materials that mock up various enrichments of uranium dioxide. Six chemical compounds were mixed in various proportions to match the macroscopic absorption and scattering cross sections and the average cosine of the scattering angle for UO/sub 2/. Cylinder diameter was varied from 0.635 to 1.27 cm (0.25 to 0.50 in.) and the mockup enrichment was varied from 5 to 100%. For enrichments up to 20%, the measured flux depression was greater than that predicted by simple diffusion theory. At higher enrichments, diffusion theory significantly overestimates the flux depression.
Herpesvirus Infection in Old and New World Monkeys

Of the viruses affecting human and nonhuman primates, the herpesviruses are probably of greatest interest and concern. As a family, the Herpesviridae are one of the most universally distributed of the mammalian viruses, found in both warm and cold blooded animals as well as in plants and invertebrates. Clinically, the herpesviruses are responsible for a diversity of host responses including common cold sores (gingivostomatitis), neurologic disease, exanthemata such as varicella — chicken pox/zoster (shingles) — and atopic eczema, cytomegalovirus disease of the newborn, oncogenic disease in poultry and primates, keratoconjunctivitis, genital herpes, hepatoadrenal necrosis, hepatitis, respiratory disease, and various nonspecific syndromes. Latent infection may be one of the most important attributes of the herpesviruses.
The Built Environment and Children’s Development

Children’s interactions with physical settings tend to be direct and easy to observe. For the infant who delights in exploration and movement and the preschooler who strives to master physical skills, the immediate environment is the primary medium for learning. Moreover, attachments to beloved objects and places are central to the emotional life of the young child. As time goes on, exposure to a variety of group and institutional settings leads to new understandings about social roles and norms in the world beyond the home. The arrangement of classroom space, for example, communicates expectations for behavior that are reinforced by institutional policies.
On the Spanwise Structure of a Plane Mixing Layer

In the plane mixing layer, mixing is accomplished by nominally two-dimensional entrainment of irrotational fluid from both streams by spanwise vorticesl, and three-dimensional motion induced by packets of streamwise counter-rotating vortex pairs2 which loop between adjacent spanwise vortices (the “braids”). These vortical structures originate in two- and three-dimensional instabilities of the mean flow, and hence may be manipulated by small-amplitude excitation at the flow partition.
Biochemical factors in Schizophrenia.

Many false trails have been followed over the years in attempts to associate schizophrenia with biochemical anomalies. Recently it has been found that there is a close correlation between the efficacy of certain neuroleptic agents in the management of the disease and their ability to block CNS receptor sites activated by dopamine. It is suggested that this may be a clue to one of many genetic bases of schizophrenia.
Why Hobbes Cannot Limit the Leviathan: A Critical Commentary on Larry May’s Limiting Leviathan

This commentary contends that Larry May’s Hobbesian argument for limitations on sovereignty and lawmaking in Limiting Leviathan does not succeed. First, I show that Hobbes begins with a plausible instrumental theory of normativity. Second, I show that Hobbes then attempts, unsuccessfully – by his own lights – to defend a kind of non-instrumental, moral normativity. Thus, I contend, in order to successfully “limit the Leviathan” of the state, the Hobbesian must provide a sound instrumental argument in favor of the sovereign limiting their actions and lawmaking. But, I argue, neither Hobbes nor May provides such an argument.
Ultrastructure of the Aging Kidney

Man’s aging organs play essential roles in dictating longevity, or lack thereof, of his physical and mental processes. Not the least of these organs are the kidneys, which receive much attention in pathologic states in young and middle life, but little notice in senescence. Gross studies indicate that overall kidney size, weight, amount of cortex, and number of glomeruli decrease with age, although this is variable, while light microscopic examinations reveal numerous alterations including nephron obsolescence, vascular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, basement membrane thickening, and various types of histologic degeneration (Dunnill and Halley, 1973; Darmady et al., 1973; McLachlan, 1978; Mclachlan et al., 1977). These changes of aging are associated with a decline of glomerular filtration rate and various types of tubular dysfunction (Friedman et al., 1972; Korenchevsky, 1961; Epstein, 1979; Papper, 1973). Although gross, anatomic, light microscopic, and functional studies in the aging kidney may be few, they are plentiful in relationship to ultrastructural studies of the kidney in aging man.
Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells by lentiviral transduction

This chapter provides a method for reprogramming human dermal fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using three lentiviruses containing cDNAs for OCT4 and SOX2, KLF4 and C-MYC, and NANOG and LIN28, respectively. Lentiviral vectors are based on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and provide an effective means for the delivery, integration, and expression of exogenous genes in mammalian cells. Lentiviruses are attractive gene delivery vehicles as they are able to infect both proliferating and nonproliferating cells. Lentiviruses stably integrate into the genome without incurring cellular toxicity and can maintain sustained transgene expression during prolonged host cell proliferation and differentiation. In this protocol, we describe how to prepare lentiviruses, stably transduce human fibroblasts, and identify bona fide iPSC colonies based on morphological similarity to human embryonic stem cell (ESC) colonies and live-cell immunological staining using cell-surface markers of human PSCs such as Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81.
Phase I trial of concurrent stereotactic body radiotherapy and nelfinavir for locally advanced borderline or unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Abstract Introduction The HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir (NFV) displays notable radiosensitizing effects. There have been no studies evaluating combined stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and NFV for borderline/unresectable pancreatic cancer. The primary objective of this phase I trial (NCT01068327) was to determine the maximum tolerated SBRT/NFV dose, and secondarily evaluate outcomes. Methods Following initial imaging, pathologic confirmation, and staging laparoscopy, subjects initially received three 3-week cycles of gemcitabine/leucovorin/fluorouracil; patients without radiologic progression received 5-fraction SBRT/NFV. Dose escalation was as follows: (1) 25 Gy/625 mg BID ×3wks; (2) 25 Gy/1250 mg BID ×3wks; (3) 30 Gy/1250 mg BID ×3wks; (4) 35 Gy/1250 mg BID ×3wks; (5) 35 Gy/1250 mg BID ×5wks; and (6) 40 Gy/1250 mg BID ×5wks. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed thereafter if resectable; if not, gemcitabine/leucovorin/fluorouracil was administered. Results Forty-six patients enrolled (10/2008-5/2013); 39 received protocol-directed therapy. Sixteen (41%) experienced any grade ≥2 event during and 1 month after SBRT. Four grade 3 and both grade 4 events occurred in a single patient at the initial dose level. 40 Gy/1250 mg BID ×5wks was the maximum tolerated dose. Five patients had late gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 2 superior mesenteric artery pseudo-aneurysm, n = 1 disease progression, n = 1 lower GI tract, n = 1 unknown location). The median overall survival was 14.4 months. Six (15%) patients recurred locally; median local failure-free survival was not reached. The median distant failure-free survival was 11 months, and median all failure-free survival was 10 months. Conclusions Concurrent SBRT (40 Gy)/NFV (1250 mg BID) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer is feasible and safe, although careful attention to treatment planning parameters is recommended to reduce the incidence of late gastrointestinal bleeding.
Weight status moderates stress-eating in the absence of hunger associations in children

Abstract Objective The association between stress and eating remains unclear in children potentially due to factors that may moderate the association. We examined whether weight status or sex moderated associations between response to a stress induction and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), among low-income children. Method Children (n = 223; M age = 7.8 years, SD = 0.7 years) participated in a stress induction protocol (modified Trier Social Stress Test for Children [TSST-C]) during which behavioral coding of observed anxiety and change in self-reported distress were measured. Afterwards, participants completed a standardized EAH protocol where they were offered palatable foods. Total kilocalories consumed during the EAH protocol was calculated. Weight and height were measured and weight status calculated as overweight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile for age and sex) vs. not overweight. Multivariate linear regression models adjusting for covariates were conducted to test whether child weight status or sex moderated the stress response-EAH association, for both stress response variables. Results Weight status moderated the association between observed stress response and EAH such that children with overweight engaged in more EAH as observed anxiety increased, whereas children without overweight engaged in less EAH as observed anxiety increased (βinteraction = 0.48; p = .010). Weight status did not moderate associations between self-reported distress and EAH. Child sex was not a significant moderator. Conclusions After exposure to stress, children with overweight in middle childhood may eat more palatable food compared to children without overweight, possibly due to hypersensitization to food cues or weight stigma experienced by youth with overweight. It may be helpful to encourage youth with overweight to engage in stress-management techniques that do not involve eating as a response to stress.
Targeted Degradation of a Hypoxia-Associated Non-coding RNA Enhances the Selectivity of a Small Molecule Interacting with RNA.

Summary Small-molecule targeted recruitment of nucleases to RNA is a powerful method to affect RNA biology. Inforna, a sequence-based design approach to target RNA, enables the design of small molecules that bind to and cleave RNA in a selective and substoichiometric manner. Here, we investigate the ability of RNA-targeted degradation to improve the selectivity of small molecules targeting RNA. The microRNA-210 hairpin precursor (pre-miR-210) is overexpressed in hypoxic cancers. Previously, a small molecule (Targapremir-210 [TGP-210]) targeted this RNA in cells, but with a 5-fold window for DNA binding. Appendage of a nuclease recruitment module onto TGP-210 locally recruited ribonuclease L onto pre-miR-210, triggering its degradation. The chimera has enhanced selectivity compared with TGP-210 with nanomolar binding to the pre-miR-210, but no DNA binding, and is broadly selective for affecting RNA function in cells. Importantly, it cleaved pre-miR-210 substoichiometrically and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Generation of Nondiffracting Vector Beams with Ring-Shaped Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Optical nondiffracting vector beams, with their invariant transverse profiles and longitudinal polarization states, have drawn interest in many areas, from optical tweezers to imaging and metrology, but bulky optical components still limit their utilization. The authors design ultrathin, ring-shaped plasmonic metasurfaces to produce nondiffracting Bessel, Mathieu, and Weber vector beams across a broad wavelength range. These metasurfaces present a compact, effective platform for producing complex optical beams, and thus for advancing numerous applications related to conversion of spin and orbital angular momentum, optical manipulation, and optical communication.
Background on Genetic Algorithms

This chapter introduces evolutionary computation/genetic algorithms starting at a high level. It uses the schema sampling theorem to provide an intuitive understanding for how evolution, operating on a population of chromosomes (symbol strings), will produce offspring that contain variants of the symbol patterns in the more fit parents each generation, and shows how the recombination operators will be biased for and against some patterns. The No Free Lunch (NFL) theorem of Wolpert and Macready for optimization search algorithms has shown that over the space of all possible problems, there can be no universally superior algorithm. Hence, it is incumbent on any algorithm to attempt to identify the domain of problems for which it is effective and try to identify its strengths and limitations. In the next section, we introduce Eshelman’s CHC genetic algorithm and recombination operators that have been developed for bit string and integer chromosomes. After showing its strengths particularly in dealing with some of the challenges for traditional genetic algorithms, its limitations are also shown. The final section takes up the application of CHC to subset selection problems, a domain of considerable utility for many machine learning applications. We present a series of empirical tests that lead us to the index chromosome representation and the match and mix set-subset size (MMX_SSS) recombination operator that seem well suited for this domain. Variants are shown for when the size of the desired subset is known and when it is not known. We apply this algorithm in later chapters to the feature subset selection problem that is key to our application of developing a speech-based diagnostic test for dementia.
The association of stillbirth with placental abnormalities in growth-restricted and normally grown fetuses.

Background Stillbirth, defined as foetal death ≥20 weeks' gestation, is associated with poor foetal growth and is often attributed to placental abnormalities, which are also associated with poor foetal growth. Evaluating inter-relationships between placental abnormalities, poor foetal growth, and stillbirth may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for some causes of stillbirth. Objective Our primary objective was to determine whether poor foetal growth, operationalised as small for gestational age (SGA), mediates the relationship between placental abnormalities and stillbirth. Methods We used data from the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network study, a population-based case-control study conducted from 2006-2008. Our analysis included 266 stillbirths and 1135 livebirths. We evaluated associations of stillbirth with five types of placental characteristics (developmental disorders, maternal and foetal inflammatory responses, and maternal and foetal circulatory disorders) and examined mediation of these relationships by SGA. We also assessed exposure-mediator interaction. Models were adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, parity, and smoking status. Results All five placental abnormalities were more prevalent in cases than controls. After adjustment for potential confounders, maternal inflammatory response (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77, 3.75), maternal circulatory disorders OR 4.14, 95% CI 2.93, 5.84, and foetal circulatory disorders OR 4.58, 95% CI 3.11, 6.74 were strongly associated with stillbirth, and the relationships did not appear to be mediated by SGA status. Associations for developmental disorders and foetal inflammatory response diverged for SGA and non-SGA births, and strong associations were only observed when SGA was not present. Conclusions Foetal growth did not mediate the relationships between placental abnormalities and stillbirth. The relationships of stillbirth with maternal and foetal circulatory disorders and maternal inflammatory response appear to be independent of poor foetal growth, while developmental disorders and foetal inflammatory response likely interact with foetal growth to affect stillbirth risk.
Analysis of MHC Class I Processing Pathways That Generate a Response to Vaccinia Virus Late Proteins

Use of recombinant viral vectors encoding nonnative Ags is an attractive mechanism for the generation of protective Ab, CD4+ T cell (TCD4+), and CD8+ T cell (TCD8+) responses in vivo following immunization. However, the life cycle and tropism of the viral vector, and its interactions with various components of the immune system, must be fully understood to maximize the efficacy of any vaccination strategies. Ab and TCD4+ responses typically target native Ags driven by late promoters in vaccinia virus (VACV)–based vectors. However, it has been demonstrated that model Ags driven by late promoters in recombinant VACV vectors do not stimulate TCD8+ responses, whereas identical Ags driven by early promoters stimulate strong responses. Conversely, TCD8+ can be generated against some natural late VACV Ags. We explored this dichotomy by investigating the Ag presentation pathways responsible for presentation of natural late VACV Ags in mice. We found that all of the late VACV Ags we examined could be cross-primed (i.e., presented by uninfected professional APC), as well as directly presented by infected dendritic cell populations. However, one Ag was only presented by professional APC populations and was not the target of a protective TCD8+ response. Therefore, there is no generalized blockade in Ag presentation of late VACV Ags, and expression of nonnative Ags driven by a late promoter allows production of large quantities of Ag that may allow simultaneous targeting of both TCD4+ and Ab responses, as well as TCD8+ responses, in the future.
Toward Activity Discovery in the Personal Web

Individuals' personal information collections (their emails, files, appointments, web searches, contacts, etc) offer a wealth of insights into the organization and structure of their everyday lives. In this paper we address the task of learning representations of personal information items to capture individuals' ongoing activities, such as projects and tasks: Such representations can be used in activity-centric applications like personal assistants, email clients, and productivity tools to help people better manage their data and time. We propose a graph-based approach that leverages the inherent interconnected structure of personal information collections, and derive efficient, exact techniques to incrementally update representations as new data arrive. We demonstrate the strengths of our graph-based representations against competitive baselines in a novel intrinsic rating task and an extrinsic recommendation task.
Letting off electrons to cope with metabolic stress.

Whereas textbooks depict metabolism in perfect homeostasis, disturbances occur in real life. One particularly relevant disturbance, caused by excess food and alcohol consumption and exacerbated by genetics, is reductive stress. New work by Goodman et al. identifies a biomarker of reductive stress and uses a gene therapy solution in mice. This work suggests how exercise and an accessible nutritional technology can synergistically increase catabolism and relieve reductive stress.
Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device Use for Medical Indications in Nulliparous Adolescents and Young Adults

Abstract Purpose Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. Levonorgestrel (LNG) IUDs also have beneficial effects on menstrual bleeding and abdominal and pelvic pain. Although there are increasing data on use of IUDs for contraception in adolescents and for medical indications in adults, there are extremely limited data on LNG IUD use for medical indications in adolescents. Our objective is to describe the characteristics and experiences of LNG IUD use in nulliparous adolescents and young women using IUDs for medical indications. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of all nulliparous patients aged 22 years and younger who underwent LNG IUD insertion at a tertiary care children's hospital between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2014 primarily for noncontraceptive indications. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results We identified 231 LNG IUDs placed in 219 nulliparous women for medical indications during this time period. Mean patient age was 16.8 years (±2.2). Only 41% reported ever being sexually active. IUD continuation rate at 1 year was 86%. The amenorrhea rate at 1 year was 51%. Approximately 80% of women reported improvements in menstrual bleeding and abdominal and pelvic pain. Side effects and complications were low. Conclusions This study provides evidence that LNG IUDs are effective, well-tolerated, and safe menstrual management options in young nulliparous women, including younger adolescents and those who have never been sexually active. This method is an excellent first-line therapy option for adolescents and young women for both contraceptive and noncontraceptive indications, regardless of age, parity, or sexual activity.
Modularly Programmable Nanoparticle Vaccine Based on Polyethyleneimine for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy

Nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as a promising vaccine delivery platform for improving pharmacological property and codelivery of antigens and adjuvants. However, NP-based vaccines are generally associated with complex synthesis and postmodification procedures, which pose technical and manufacturing challenges for tailor-made vaccine production. Here, modularly programmed, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based NP vaccines are reported for simple production of personalized cancer vaccines. Briefly, PEI is conjugated with neoantigens by facile coupling chemistry, followed by electrostatic assembly with CpG adjuvants, leading to the self-assembly of nontoxic, sub-50 nm PEI NPs. Importantly, PEI NPs promote activation and antigen cross-presentation of antigen-presenting cells and cross-priming of neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, after only a single intratumoral injection, PEI NPs with optimal PEGylation elicit as high as ≈30% neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cell response in the systemic circulation and sustain elevated CD8+ T cell response over 3 weeks. PEI-based nanovaccines exert potent antitumor efficacy against pre-established local tumors as well as highly aggressive metastatic tumors. PEI engineering for modular incorporation of neoantigens and adjuvants offers a promising strategy for rapid and facile production of personalized cancer vaccines.
“The Emergency Room” in the Drug Court System: Evaluating the Opioid Intervention Court

The Opioid Intervention Court (OIC) began in Buffalo, NY, in May 2017 as an intensive intervention for people at risk of overdose. We evaluated the OIC focusing on four major aims: (1) To describe ...
Convenience is Key for Patient Engagement with Remote Video Visits in a Musculoskeletal Practice

Background: Remote video visits (aka telemedicine, virtual care) have the potential to increase access to orthopaedicspecialty evaluation while decreasing the overall cost of care. Clinical implementation of remote video visits may benefitfrom an understanding of potential barriers to participation.Methods: We enrolled one hundred and thirty participants from a university-based musculoskeletal clinic with a largeuninsured population. We asked participants to complete a survey, including demographics and scaled perceptionquestions about remote video visits. Data from these surveys were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression todetermine factors associated with willingness to participate in video visits, as well as the situations in which patientswould consider a video visit.Results: Willingness to participate in video visits was associated with the perception of video visits being moreconvenient (OR 3.0) and a decreased perceived importance of physical exam (OR 0.36) but not age, technologycomfort, or travel distance to the clinic. Additionally, those with prior video visit experience were more comfortablewith technology, perceived video visits to be more convenient, and were more willing to have another video visit.Fifteen percent were willing to have a video visit for their first visit, while 78% would participate for a routine nonsurgicalfollow-up.Conclusion: Musculoskeletal telemedicine programs can become established by focusing on people that prioritizeconvenience, place less importance on a hands-on exam, and are established patients.Level of evidence: II
Improved Atomic Norm Based Channel Estimation for Time-Varying Narrowband Leaked Channels

In this paper, improved channel gain delay estimation strategies are investigated when practical pulse shapes with finite block length and transmission bandwidth are employed. Pilot-aided channel estimation with an improved atomic norm based approach is proposed to promote the low rank structure of the channel. All the channel parameters, i.e., delays, Doppler shifts and channel gains are recovered. Design choices which ensure unique estimates of channel parameters for root-raised-cosine pulse shapes are examined. Furthermore, a perturbation analysis is conducted. Finally, numerical results verify the theoretical analysis and show performance improvements over the previously proposed method.
Map Visualization using Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Data: Application to COVID-19 Data

Currently, spatial geographic data can be collected for many applications that involve data on the planet earth. These collected data typically have coordinates (x, y), or longitude and latitude in map space, and thus can be located and displayed on maps. Data alone represents facts and has no meaning on its own but becomes meaningful when it is associated with application knowledge, such as elections, crimes, disease, etc. For example, there is no meaning behind those numbers (1, 23, 125, 355, …), yet they are data that can get meaning when correlated with the total number of cases of COVID-19 in Texas per day starting on a certain date. Many devices can provide sequences of object location data over time (GPS in vehicles or mobile devices, etc.). However, no device can visualize or display them on its own without a visualization App. Both numeric and location data are raw data that need to be pre-processed and cleaned to become meaningful. Currently, collected data is a very valuable source of information which, after collection, can be processed, stored, analyzed, and visualized. In this paper, the available techniques of spatial data visualization will be overviewed. Moreover, a case study of COVID-19 spatio-temporal data visualization, using one of the techniques will be demonstrated. The COVID-19 data will be spatially visualized when data on a specific date is queried for analysis. On the other hand, spatio-temporal visualization will be displayed when a time series of COVID-19 data is queried for analysis.
Opening Up: Capital Flows and Financial Sector Dynamics in Low-Income Developing Countries

Over the past two decades, many low-income developing countries have substantially increased openness towards external financing and have received large capital inflows. Using bank-level micro data, this paper finds that capital inflows have been associated with financial deepening through increases in bank loans, deposits, and wholesale funding. Domestic banks increase loans more than foreign banks. There are only modest signs of a build-up in financial vulnerabilities. Causality is examined through an instrumental variable approach and an augmented inverse-probability weighting estimator. These approaches indicate only limited evidence for global push effects, pointing towards the importance of domestic pull factors.
Some Properties of the LCDM Universe

In the last half century of so there have been great advances in cosmological observations, making cosmology a thriving mix of theory and observations. In this chapter we will discuss how we understand from LCDM theory the expansion of the universe, its age, and the behavior of its dominant constituents, the dark energy and cold dark matter. We will also relate and compare the theory with the observed values of various cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant. Despite the impressive agreement between theory and observation the basic physical nature of the dark matter is not yet known.
Content Analysis of Buyer-Seller Communications Academy of Marketing Science

Data collected by content analysis of buyer-seller interactions is examined to determine whether content analysis can be a viable means for collecting data suitable for structural equation modeling. The researchers report a rigorous method of measurement development to collect the data and to evaluate the validity of the indicators.
Improving Peer Feedback Prediction: The Sentence Level is Right

Recent research aims to automatically predict whether peer feedback is of high quality, e.g. suggests solutions to identified problems. While prior studies have focused on peer review of papers, similar issues arise when reviewing diagrams and other artifacts. In addition, previous studies have not carefully examined how the level of prediction granularity impacts both accuracy and educational utility. In this paper we develop models for predicting the quality of peer feedback regarding argument diagrams. We propose to perform prediction at the sentence level, even though the educational task is to label feedback at a multi-sentential comment level. We first introduce a corpus annotated at a sentence level granularity, then build comment prediction models using this corpus. Our results show that aggregating sentence prediction outputs to label comments not only outperforms approaches that directly train on comment annotations, but also provides useful information for enhancing peer review systems with new functionality.
"Yes it's sad, but what should I do?" Moving from empathy to action in discussing goals of care.

Abstract The communication skills of noticing emotional cues and responding empathically are necessary but insufficient for some conversations about redefining goals of care. For some patients, an empathic response by a clinician is insufficient to move the conversation forward. We describe an expert approach that links empathy to action. In this approach, we outline (1) how affect provides a spotlight that illuminates what is important, (2) how empathy affords a way to connect with patients and families that engages deep values, (3) how clinicians can infer deep values through an associative process with patients, and (4) how clinicians can then design actions with patients and families and nurture their commitment to the actions.
Leader-Follower Consensus in Mobile Sensor Networks

In this letter, we study the consensus-based leader-follower algorithm in mobile sensor networks, where the goal for the entire network is to converge to the state of a leader. We capture the mobility in the leader-follower algorithm by abstracting it as a Linear Time-Varying (LTV) system with random system matrices. In particular, a mobile node, moving randomly in a bounded region, updates its state when it finds neighbors; and does not update when it is not in the communication range of any other node. In this context, we develop certain regularity conditions on the system and input matrices such that each follower converges to the leader state. To analyze the corresponding LTV system, we partition the entire chain of system matrices into non-overlapping slices, and relate the convergence of the sensor network to the lengths of these slices. In contrast to the existing results, we show that a bounded length on the slices, capturing the dissemination of information from the leader to the followers, is not required; as long as the slice-lengths are finite and do not grow faster than a certain exponential rate.
A low cost high performance register-controlled digital DLL for 1 Gbps/spl times/32 DDR SDRAM

A low cost high performance register-controlled digital delay-locked loop (DLL) that has novel resolution-enhancing structure with inherent duty cycle correction capability was developed for 1 Gbps/spl times/32 DDR SDRAM. Experimental results in a 0.13 /spl mu/m 4 M/spl times/32 DDR SDRAM show <25 ps peak-to-peak jitter with quiet supply, </spl plusmn/2% duty correction from external duty error of /spl plusmn/7%, <150 cycle lock-time, 24 mW at 1.8 V/400 MHz, 60 mW at 2.5 V/500 MHz, and a wide locking range from 66 MHz to over 500 MHz.
Mixed-effects regression model for binary longitudinal data

In Chapter 10, I concentrate on the mixed-effects logit model applied to analyze binary longitudinal data. First, the classical logit and probit models are reviewed, followed by the specification and statistical inference of the mixed-effects binary logit model. The specification and inference consist of the derivation of parameter estimates, a brief discussion on the interpretability of the conventional odds ratio in the longitudinal setting, and the prediction of the probability and the corresponding standard error. It is displayed that without information on the averaging of the random effects for the two population subgroups, the regression coefficient and its antilog for the mixed-effects logit model are not interpretable. Correspondingly, computation of the conditional effect and the conditional odds ratio is essential to display the covariate’s effect on the binary response. An empirical illustration is provided to display how to apply the mixed-effects logit model in the analysis of binary longitudinal data.
Locating initial breakdown pulses using electric field change network

[1] Initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) observed in the fast electric field change (E-change) at the beginning of intracloud (IC) and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes are located using a time-of-arrival technique called Position By Fast Antenna (PBFA) with data from a network of 10 E-change sensors located at Kennedy Space Center. Location errors, estimated using a Monte Carlo method, are usually less than 100 m for horizontal coordinates and several hundreds of meters for altitude, depending on distance to the sensors and altitude of the source. Comparison of PBFA source locations to locations from a VHF lightning mapping system (Lightning Detection and Ranging II (LDAR2)) shows that PBFA locates most of the “classic” IBPs while LDAR2 locates only a few percent of them. As the flash develops during the IB stage, PBFA and LDAR2 obtain similar locations when they detect the same IBPs. The overall vertical motion indicated by the PBFA positions of IBPs was downward with time for CG flashes and upward with time for IC flashes. Location of the fast pulses due to return strokes of CG flashes is also determined using PBFA. Comparison to locations from the Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Surveillance System (CGLSS) shows that PBFA reliably locates ground strokes. These results are verified using ground truth data acquired with a high-speed video camera. After cross calibration with the CGLSS data set, peak currents of return strokes are also determined.
Evaluation of 1,2,5-thiadiazoles as modulators of M1/M5 muscarinic receptor subtypes

Abstract Studies have demonstrated the presence of allosteric binding sites on each of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes. Since most drugs targeting muscarinic receptors bind to the highly conserved orthosteric binding site, they fail to achieve appreciable subtype selectivity. Targeting non-conserved allosteric sites may provide a new way of enhancing selectivity for individual subtypes of muscarinic receptor. Tetra(ethyleneglycol)(3-methoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)[3-(1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-3-yl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl] ether, CDD-0304 (10), was found to be a M1/2/4 selective muscarinic agonist and might prove useful in treating the symptoms associated with schizophrenia (J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 4273). It was hypothesized that the observed subtype selectivity demonstrated by 10 may be due to its ability to function as a bitopic ligand (J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 7518). To further investigate this possibility, a novel series of compounds was synthesized using a 1,2,5-thiadiazole moiety along with varying lengths of a polyethylene glycol linker and terminal groups, for evaluation as potential allosteric modulators of muscarinic receptors. Preliminary biological studies were performed using carbachol to stimulate M1 and M5 receptors. No significant agonist activity was observed at either M1 or M5 receptors for any of the compounds. Compound 18, 2-(4-methoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine fumarate (CDD-0361F) was found to block the effects of carbachol at M5 muscarinic receptors.
The Interaction of Light and Graphene: Basics, Devices, and Applications

Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a honey-comb lattice: atomically thin, light, flexible, mechanically strong, visually transparent, electrically tunable, and highly conductive if doped. Graphene also interacts with light strongly from the microwave range to the ultraviolet, spanning wavelengths of at least five orders of magnitude. Such strong light-graphene interaction, together with its exceptional electronic and mechanical properties, makes graphene a promising candidate for various photonic applications. The early part of this paper addresses the physics of light-graphene interaction under a single-electron approximation, followed by a discussion of light excitation of collective oscillations of the carriers, i.e., plasmons in graphene. A variety of photonic devices operating in different wavelength ranges based on the two different light-graphene interaction mechanisms discussed above, such as photodetectors, optical modulators, electromagnetic wave shieldings, notch filters, and linear polarizers are then covered. Finally, we discuss the future directions for graphene photonics research.
Mechanical forces involved in cardiac C-looping

Cardiac looping is a vital morphogenetic process that transforms the initially straight heart tube into a curved tube normally directed toward the right side of the embryo. We examined the role of biomechanical forces during the initial stages of looping, when the heart bends and rotates into a c-shaped tube (c-looping). C-looping consists of two primary deformation components: ventral bending and dextral (rightward) rotation (torsion). Embryonic chick hearts were subjected to mechanical and chemical perturbations, and the experiments were simulated using a computational model. The results suggest that bending is driven primarily by actin polymerization within the heart tube, while rotation is driven by external loads due to the splanchnopleure and omphalomesenteric veins. The results of this study may help investigators searching for the link between gene expression and the mechanical processes that drive looping.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
High‐Protein Texturized Products of Defatted Soy Flour, Corn Starch and Beef: Shelf‐Life, Physical and Sensory Properties

Selected mixes consisting of Bf [high-beef (29%) low-fat (2.96%)], bf [low-beef (20%) low-fat] and BF [high-beef high-fat (5%)] which incorporated raw beef, defatted soy flour, and corn starch were extruded in a single-screw extruder. The products had no flavor additives and trained sensory panelists detected hay-like, beany or grainy flavors. Bf extrudate was more expanded than BF extrudate and rated least hard by the sensory panel, whereas bf extrudate was least susceptible to lipid oxidation. Bf and bf extrudates showed microstruc-tures with large air cells. All three showed advantages of beef and soy flour in amino acid and fatty acid compositions, respectively, and were microbiologically safe during prolonged storage at 37°C.
Coexistence of Cerebral Venous Sinus and Internal Carotid Artery Thrombosis Associated with Exogenous Sex Hormones A Case Report

A forty-six-year-old premenopausal woman developed headache, nausea and vomiting, left hemiparesis, and seizure two days after parenteral use of progesterone and estradiol. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was found during admission. Computed tomography showed a hemorrhagic infarct in the right frontal lobe and increased density in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). Left carotid angiography found occlusion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). Right carotid angiograms failed to show the SSS and inferior sagittal sinus, suggestive of venous sinus thrombosis. Coexistence of the cerebral artery and the venous sinus occlusion has been described infrequently. In this case, the authors postulate that the use of estradiol and progesterone and the underlying DM increased vascular thrombogenicity, which provided a common denominator for thrombosis of both the ICA and the venous sinus.
Applications of hypnosis in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Historic and current reports in the literature involving applications of hypnosis with anorectic patients are reviewed and integrated to explicate core aspects of hypnotic interventions in treating anorexia nervosa. A comprehensive hypnotherapeutic approach is delineated which emphasizes the use of hypnotic strategies to reduce tension, enhance self-control, support increased and realistic body awareness, alter distorted body image, and foster appropriate autonomy and individuation. Preliminary data are also reviewed which support the clinical efficacy of this approach.
Braverman, Foucault and the labor process: framing the current high‐skills debate

This article examines the current high‐skills discourse against the backdrop of labor process theory. It draws on the theoretical debate between Harry Braverman and Michael Foucault, supplementing the traditional treatment of the labor process with Foucauldian insights. The primary argument is that especially in the market‐led economies, current work organization methods militate against the optimization of skill, and that the current high‐skills debate does not dwell sufficiently upon this. The workplace‐based research and issues literature is examined, especially from the standpoint of factors that influence the lived experience of workers in untoward ways, the focus being upon high‐performance workplaces. The evidence is that a host of factors issuing from the flexibility quest of firms (such as intensification, the transparency of teamwork and computerized work environments, the erosion of discretion and autonomy and segmentation of workers into core and periphery categories) cause workers to be put u...
Practical application of tooth morphology

Abstract The advantages of incorporating accurate tooth morphology into dental restorations were established. The dimensional rectangle and the fundamental geometric shape are aids in the development of the concept of tooth morphology. This concept forms the basis for the practical application of anatomic features in the construction of restorations. Systematic instrumentation and carving procedures promote the efficient reproduction of detailed anatomy. The use of this procedure results in the saving of carving time, in anatomically accurate work, and satisfies the functional and esthetic needs of the patient. Furthermore, the dentist will become efficient in a facile and refined working method commensurate with the high standard of modern techniques in restorative dentistry.
The relevance of narrative ratifications in talk-in-interaction for Japanese pre-service teachers of English

In everyday conversation, narratives are used as rhetorical tools for managing identities, allowing participants to carve out identity positions in moment-to-moment interactions. An interesting, yet understudied, focus of these narratives involves exploring the links between the discourse identities (or narrative participation roles) and larger, social identities of participants in the narrative interactions (e.g., Georgakopoulou, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007). In this paper, I build on this work by looking specifically at the relevance of narrative ratifications for the emergent discourse and social identities of those offering the ratifications. Following Bamberg’s (1997, 2003) analytical framework for examining narratives in talk-in-interaction, I examine how participants are positioned with respect to whose contributions they choose to ratify and how their ratifications (or lack thereof) make available certain discourse identities, which may then point to larger, social identities. Findings not only demonstrate the relevance of ratifications for identity work in narrative interactions, but also advance our understanding of certain aspects of narrative structure, in particular, sequences of narrative openings in talk-in-interaction.
Reactivation of lysozyme from inactive HNB-lysozyme

Abstract The predominant reaction of lysozyme with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide, (HNB-Br), leads to the formation of an enzymatically inactive, labile product substituted at tryptophan 62. This species can revert to the native enzyme with the simultaneous loss of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl alcohol (HNB-OH). The lability of the product in acidic or neutral solution depends upon three features of the HNB-lysozyme molecule: (1) the 2-hydroxy group of the HNB moiety, (2) a group which is readily reduced by borohydride, presumably an indolenine and (3) a particular structural conformation of the complex. A tentative mechanism for the hydrolysis reaction is presented.
p63 and epithelial biology

The transcription factor p63 is a homologue of the tumor suppressor p53. Unlike p53, which is dispensable for normal development, p63 is critical for the development of stratified epithelial tissues such as epidermis, breast, and prostate. p63 encodes multiple protein isoforms with both transactivating and transcriptional repressor activities that can regulate a wide spectrum of target genes. p63 is also implicated in tumor formation and progression in stratified epithelia, with evidence for both tumor suppressive and oncogenic properties. This review will examine current data and hypotheses regarding the role of p63 in the development, maintenance, and tumorigenesis of stratified epithelium.
Polynomials with PSL(2, 7) as Galois group

We describe a technique for determining the set-transitivity of the Galois group of a polynomial over the rationals. As an application we give a short proof that the polynomial P7(x) = x7 − 154x + 99 has the simple group PSL(2, 7) of order 168 as its Galois group over the rationals. A similar method is used to prove that the associated splitting field is not that of the polynomial x7 − 7x + 3 given by Trinks [9].
Opinion: For Want of a Comma, the Meaning Was Lost: What does punctuation have to do with software development?

Odder things have happened in publishing, but not by much. The bestseller list on Amazon (as I write this) is topped by Lynne Truss’s book on... punctuation. It’s outselling Harry Potter. Starting from the title, ’Eats, Shoots and Leaves’ (Gotham Books, 2004), which changes meaning drastically when the comma is omitted, the book is an entertaining romp through the advantages of writing correctly and clearly with the proper use of punctuation.
Hominid Brain Volume

Having calculated the brain volumes of several australopithecine and early Homo fossil hominid brain endocasts ([1][1]–[3][2]), I read with considerable interest the report by Glen C. Conroy et al. (12 June, p. [1730][3]) and the commentary by Dean Falk (Perspectives, Science 's Compass, 12 June,