cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decoupling limit, lens spaces and Taub-NUT: D = 4 black-hole microscopics from D = 5 black holes

We study the space-times of extremal and non-extremal intersecting p-brane configurations in M-theory, where one of the components in the intersection is a “NUT,” i.e. a configuration of the Taub-NUT type. Such a Taub-NUT configuration corresponds, upon compactification to D = 4, to a Gross-Perry-Sorkin (GPS) monopole. We show that in the decoupling limit of the CFT/AdS correspondence, the four-dimensional transverse space of the NUT configuration in D = 5 is foliated by surfaces that are cyclic lens spaces S3/ZN, where N is the quantised monopole charge. By contrast, in D = 4 the three-dimensional transverse space of the GPS monopole is foliated by 2-spheres. This observation provides a straightforward interpretation of the microscopics of a D = 4 string-theory black hole, with a GPS monopole as one of its constituents, in terms of the corresponding D = 5 black hole with no monopole. Using the fact that the near-horizon region of the NUT solution is a lens space, we show that if the effect of the Kaluza-Klein massive modes is neglected, p-brane configurations can be obtained from flat space-time by means of a sequence of dimensional reductions and oxidations, and U-duality transformations.
Can Managers Forecast Aggregate Market Returns

Previous studies have found that the proportion of equity in total new debt and equity issues is negatively correlated with future equity market returns. Researchers have interpreted this finding as evidence that corporate managers are able to predict the systematic component of their stock returns and to issue equity when the market is overvalued. In this article we show that the predictive power of the share of equity in total new issues stems from pseudo-market timing and not from any abnormal ability of managers to time the equity markets. A CONTROVERSIAL AND IMPORTANT ISSUE among financial economists is whether corporate managers accurately time the market when they issue new securities. At the firm level, researchers typically address this question by examining the long-run performance of stocks following equity issues. Although there is empirical evidence supporting the idea that managers are able to sell overpriced securities during initial public offerings (IPOs) and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) (see Ritter (1991), Loughran and Ritter (1995), and Spiess and AffleckGraves (1995)), several recent studies challenge these results.1 Adding to this controversy, a recent article by Baker and Wurgler (2000) finds evidence that managers can time not only the idiosyncratic component of their returns but also the systematic component. Specifically, these authors find that, in-sample, the share of equity in total new issues (equity share) is strongly negatively correlated with future aggregate equity market returns. Taken at face value, these findings have important implications because they suggest that markets are unable to allocate capital efficiently even in the aggregate.2
Topological Quantum Numbers in Nonrelativistic Physics

Voltage measurements using the ac Josephson effect and electrical resistance measurements using the quantum Hall effect are capable of very high precision, despite the relatively poor control of details of the devices. Such measurements rely on topological quantum numbers, which, unlike symmetry-based quantum numbers, are insensitive to deviations of the system from ideality. The circulation in superfluid 4He, flux quantization in superconductors and quantized Hall conductance are all examples of topological quantum numbers, but only the last two are known to be very precise. Vinen's early measurement of quantized circulation was based on measurement of the resulting Magnus force, and we (Ping Ao, Qian Niu and I) have recently shown that the strength of the Magnus force can itself be determined by an argument that shares common features with topological arguments.
POSITIVITY VIOLATIONS IN QCD

Both lattice simulations and theoretical studies show that the spectral function of the gluon propagator of QCD (in various gauges, as well as for the gauge-invariant Pinch Technique, or PT, propagator) is not nonnegative everywhere, although it should be if it has a physical interpretation as in QED. Theory says moreover that the non-positive spectral function of the Landau-gauge or of the PT gluon propagator is further constrained to obey a superconvergence relation (the integral of the spectral function vanishes). We review the theoretical and lattice evidence for violation of positivity as well as various interpretations of this violation, and consider methods for checking superconvergence on the lattice (so far undone). The most common interpretation is that positivity violation implies confinement of gluons, so the gluon propagator does not describe processes with physical gluons. Another more direct and gauge-invariant interpretation arises from the PT: Asymptotic freedom alone demands non-positivity and superconvergence.
Chemoselectivity of the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrative Diyne Cyclization: Total Synthesis of (+)-Cylindricine C, D, and E

The chemoselectivity of the ruthenium-catalyzed hydrative diyne cylization is explored in an expeditious synthesis of the tricyclic alkaloids cylindricine C, D, and E.
Status and perspectives of short baseline studies

The study of flavor changing neutrinos is a very active field of research. I will discuss the status of ongoing and near term experiments investigating neutrino properties at short distances from the source. In the next few years, the Double Chooz, RENO and Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiments will start looking for signatures of a non-zero value of the mixing angle θ13 with much improved sensitivities. The MiniBooNE experiment is investigating the LSND anomaly by looking at both the νμ → νe and μ → e appearance channels. Recent results on cross section measurements will be discussed briefly.
Asymptotic solutions to the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation and crystal base

The Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation associated withsl2 is considered. The transition functions between asymptotic solutions to the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation are described. A connection between asymptotic solutions and the crystal base in the tensor product of modules over the quantum groupUqsl2 is established, in particular, a correspondence between the Bethe vectors of the Gaudin model of an inhomogeneous magnetic chain and the Q-basis of the crystal base.
Overconfidence and consumption over the life cycle

Abstract Overconfidence is a widely documented phenomenon. In this paper, we study the implications of consumer overconfidence in a life-cycle consumption/saving model. Our main analytical result is a necessary and sufficient condition under which any degree of overconfidence concerning the mean return on savings can produce a hump in the work-life consumption profile. This condition is almost always met in the data. We show by simulations that overconfidence concerning the variance of the return can have little effect on the long-run average behavior of consumption over the life cycle, and that our basic conclusion is fairly robust with various realistic modifications to the baseline model. We interpret the general applicability of our analytical framework and discuss our numerical results in the light of aggregate consumption data.
Improved preparations of some per-O-acetylated aldohexopyranosyl cyanides.

Abstract 3,4,6-Tri- O -acetyl-1,2- O -[1-( exo -, endo -cyano)ethylidene]-α- d -galacto- ( 1a/b ), -α- d -gluco- ( 2a/b ), and -β- d -manno-pyranose ( 3a/b ) were stereoselectively isomerized to the corresponding per- O -acetylated 1,2- trans -aldohexopyranosyl cyanides in 75, 16, and 62% yield, respectively, by treatment with boron trifluoride etherate in dry nitromethane. The corresponding per- O -acetylated 1,2- cis -aldohexopyranosyl cyanides were obtained concurrently in respective yields of 1.9, 0.9, and 4.8%. The per- O -acetylaldohexopyranosyl cyanide products were found stable to the reaction conditions and were readily isolated following completion of the rearrangement. It had previously been proved that reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-α- d -manno- and -gluco-pyranosyl bromide with mercuric cyanide in nitromethane generates, in the ratio of ∼1:1, the desired 1,2- trans -glycosyl cyanides and the corresponding 1,2- O -(1-cyanoethylidene) isomers ( 3a/b and 2a/b , respectively). Treatment of these reaction-mixtures with boron trifluoride etherate in nitromethane effected the rearrangement of 3a/b and 2a/b , thereby facilitating the isolation, and increasing the overall yields, of the per- O -acetylated 1,2- trans - d -manno and -gluco-pyranosyl cyanides (58 and 30% total yield, respectively) relative to the earlier procedures. The boron trifluoride etherate-mediated reaction of per- O -acetyl-α- and -β- d -galacto, -α- and -β- d -gluco-, -α- d -manno-, and -2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β- d -gluco-pyranoses with trimethylsilyl cyanide in nitromethane was also investigated. This reaction provides a “one-flask” synthesis of the corresponding per- O -acetylated 1,2- trans -aldohexopyranosyl cyanides in which 1,2- O -(1-cyanoethylidene) derivatives are isomerized in situ . Finally, improved preparations of the (not readily accessible) per- O -acetylated 1,2- cis - d -manno- and -gluco-pyranosyl cyanides are described. Thus, 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-α- and -β- d -mannopyranosyl cyanide (48 and 16% total yield, respectively) and -α- and -β- d -glucopyranosyl cyanide (12 and 39% total yield, respectively) were synthesized by fusion of the corresponding -α- d -glycosyl bromides with mercuric cyanide.
Approximate Convective-Heating Equations for Hypersonic Flows

Laminar and turbulent heating-rate equations appropriate for engineering predictions of the convective heating rates about blunt reentry spacecraft at hypersonic conditions are developed. The approximate methods are applicable to both nonreacting and reacting gas mixtures for either constant or variable-entropy edge conditions. A procedure which accounts for variable-entropy effects and is not based on mass balancing is presented. Results of the approximate heating methods are in good agreement with existing experimental results as well as boundary-layer and viscous-shock-layer solutions.
How Network Structure Affects Social Creativity

Social computing is bringing about significant changes to the way we operate and interact. The resulting exchange of ideas is seen as key to innovative capacity. While studies have identified various types of network structures, the subject of how different network structures affect performance of a collective has received less attention. This paper uses a model of interacting, capacity-limited cognitive agents to examine how network structure affects social creativity and collective problem solving. The simulation experiments demonstrate differences between random, uniform and small-world networks.
Enabling Adaptive Scientific Workflows Via Trigger Detection

Next generation architectures necessitate a shift away from traditional workflows in which the simulation state is saved at prescribed frequencies for post-processing analysis. While the need to shift to in situ workflows has been acknowledged for some time, much of the current research is focused on static workflows, where the analysis that would have been done as a post-process is performed concurrently with the simulation at user-prescribed frequencies. Recently, research efforts are striving to enable adaptive workflows, in which the frequency, composition, and execution of computational and data manipulation steps dynamically depend on the state of the simulation. Adapting the workflow to the state of simulation in such a data-driven fashion puts extremely strict efficiency requirements on the analysis capabilities that are used to identify the transitions in the workflow. In this paper we build upon earlier work on trigger detection using sublinear techniques to drive adaptive workflows. Here we propose a methodology to detect the time when sudden heat release occurs in simulations of turbulent combustion. Our proposed method provides an alternative metric that can be used along with our former metric to increase the robustness of trigger detection. We show the effectiveness of our metric empirically for predicting heat release for two use cases.
MIMO communications in ad hoc networks

We study in this paper the network spectral efficiency of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ad hoc network with K simultaneous communicating transmitter-receiver pairs. Assuming that each transmitter is equipped with t antennas and each receiver with r antennas and each receiver implements single-user detection, we show that in the absence of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitters, the asymptotic network spectral efficiency is limited by r nats/s/Hz as Krarrinfin and is independent of t and the transmit power. With CSI corresponding to the intended receiver available at the transmitter, we demonstrate that the asymptotic spectral efficiency is at least t+r+2radictr nats/s/Hz. Asymptotically optimum signaling is also derived under the same CSI assumption, i.e., each transmitter knows the channel corresponding to its desired receiver only. Further capacity improvement is possible with stronger CSI assumption; we demonstrate this using a heuristic interference suppression transmit beamforming approach. The conventional orthogonal transmission approach is also analyzed. In particular, we show that with idealized medium access control, the channelized transmission has unbounded asymptotic spectral efficiency under the constant per-user power constraint. The impact of different power constraints on the asymptotic spectral efficiency is also carefully examined. Finally, numerical examples are given that confirm our analysis
Isomerization in Photochromic Ruthenium Sulfoxide Complexes

The spectroscopic properties of photochromic ruthenium sulfoxide complexes are reviewed. The mode of action is associated with an excited state S→O isomerization triggered by light. These complexes feature large, positive Ru 3+/2+ reduction potentials indicative of stabilization of the Ru dπ orbital set. In addition, these compounds feature large quantum yields of isomerization. In aggregate, the data argue against a promoting role for the LF states and suggest that isomerization occurs from the CT potential energy surface. Picosecond transient absorption experiments indicate a change in the isomerization mechanism between mondentate sulfoxide complexes and chelating sulfoxide complexes. These results as well as potential energy diagrams for certain complexes are discussed.
Circuit rectification for four precision position synthesis of Stephenson six-bar linkages

Circuit rectification ensures that a linkage may reach all precision positions without disassembly. Circuit rectification is crucial to the practical synthesis of Stephenson linkages, which have up to six circuits. Causes of circuit defects that may arise during synthesis are quantified first. A procedure is then developed to identify the segments of Burmester curves which produce mechanisms with all precision positions on the same circuit. The procedure is applicable to any Stephenson linkage.
Color‐Color Relations for Red Giants in Star Clusters

New Johnson-Cousins UBVRI photometry of giants in globular clusters is combined with JHK photometry on the CIT system to produce color sequences for giants from the globular clusters M3, M5, M13, and M92. UBVRI data are also presented for giants in the metal-rich open cluster NGC 6791. These data fill a gap in the literature, especially for the R and I bands. We provide the empirical relations between broadband colors for various (Fe/H) values for metal-poor giants. The color sequences for and show clear U 2 BB 2 V separations for different (Fe/H) values. We also find weak, although unexpected, metallicity dependences of , , and colors. is metal insensitive. The above colors are plotted as a function of V 2 RV 2 IJ 2 KH 2 KV 2 , and a literature relation is given. K (V 2 K)-T eff
Finding extremal polygons

Given n points in the plane, we present algorithms for finding maximum perimeter or area convex k-gons with vertices k of the given n points. Our algorithms work in linear space and time $O(kn\lg n + n\lg ^2 n)$. For the special case $k = 3$ we give $O(n\lg n)$ algorithms for these problems. Several related issues are discussed.
Targeted Business Incentives and Local Labor Markets

This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to examine the effects of geographically targeted business incentives on local labor markets. Unlike elsewhere in the United States, enterprise zone (EZ) designations in Texas are determined in part by a cutoff rule based on census block group poverty rates. Exploiting this discontinuity as a source of quasi-experimental variation in investment and hiring incentives across areas, I find that EZ designation has a positive effect on resident employment, increasing opportunities mainly in lower-paying industries. While business sitings spurred by the program are more geographically diffuse, EZ designation is associated with increases in home values.
Structuring Deposit Insurance for a United Europe

This paper analyses the difficulties associated with imposing a unified deposit insurance scheme in a unified Europe. Specifically, it investigates the determinants of optimal deposit insurance in light of the Commission's 1994 decision requiring mandatory minimum coverage and encouraging a single unified deposit insurance structure. Issues of deposit insurance premiums and tax burden are analysed in the context of a general equilibrium-type model. The results indicate that taxes, the optimal degree of deposit insurance, and societal risk aversion are all interrelated in such a structure. Therefore, a common insurance system may not be feasible nor appropriate for a first best solution; co-ordination and even unified taxation may be necessary. At the minimum, exceedingly close macroeconomic policy co-ordination will be necessary for the single market for financial services to come to fruition and achieve stability.
Neutral currents and strangeness of the nucleon from the NuTeV experiment

The NuTeV neutrino experiment ran in 1997-1998 at Fermilab and accumulated the world’s highest statistics samples of high energy (20-300 GeV) separated neutrino and anti-neutrino interactions. The NuTeV collaboration has used this data to extract the electroweak parameter, sin2θ W , from the measurement of the ratios of neutral current to charged current neutrino and antineutrino deep inelastic scattering cross sections. This result, though consistent with previous neutrino electroweak measurements, is not consistent with predictions. One interpretation involves the possibility that the strange quark sea carries significantly more momentum in the nucleon than the anti-strange sea. We report on the direct study of this possibility from measurements of charged-current interactions on strange quarks in our neutrino and anti-neutrino beams. PACS: 12.15.Mn Neutral Currents – 13.60.Hb Cross-sections in inelastic lepton-hadron scattering
Dynamics of antibaryon-baryon annihilation in the Skyrme model

Abstract We examine the dynamics of a baryon number zero lump in the Skyrme picture, as a model for annihilation in the NN system. We find that radiation propagates at the causal limit as a localized pulse and that the linearized theory gives a good approximation. Both of these results are contrary to findings in the sine-Gordon model.
On state estimation with bad data detection

We consider the problem of state estimation through observations corrupted by both bad data and additive observation noises. A mixed l 1 and l 2 convex programming is used to separate both sparse bad data and additive noises from the observations. Using the almost Euclidean property for a linear subspace, we derive a new performance bound for the state estimation error under sparse bad data and additive observation noises. Our main contribution is to provide sharp bounds on the almost Euclidean property of a linear subspace, using the “escape-through-a-mesh” theorem from geometric functional analysis. We also propose and numerically evaluate an iterative convex programming approach to solve bad data detection problems in electrical power networks.
Aspects of holography for theories with hyperscaling violation

We analyze various aspects of the recently proposed holographic theories with general dynamical critical exponent z and hyperscaling violation exponent θ. We first find the basic constraints on z, θ from the gravity side, and compute the stress-energy tensor expectation values and scalar two-point functions. Massive correlators exhibit a nontrivial exponential behavior at long distances, controlled by θ. At short distance, the two-point functions become power-law, with a universal form for θ > 0. Next, the calculation of the holographic entanglement entropy reveals the existence of novel phases which violate the area law. The entropy in these phases has a behavior that interpolates between that of a Fermi surface and that exhibited by systems with extensive entanglement entropy. Finally, we describe microscopic embeddings of some θ ≠ 0 metrics into full string theory models — these metrics characterize large regions of the parameter space of Dp-brane metrics for p ≠ 3. For instance, the theory of N D2-branes in IIA super gravity has z = 1 and θ = −1/3 over a wide range of scales, at large g s N.
The Challenge of Peremptory Challenges

The criminal jury system is characterized by two often conflicting features: (1) A very diverse population, like that in the United States, is likely to result in even rational, open-minded jurors disagreeing about issues fundamental to the resolution of any case, and (2) almost all jurisdictions require unanimity in order to either acquit or convict a defendant on any charge. Using a simple spatial model, we demonstrate how the existing allowance for numerous peremptory challenges facilitates the production of verdicts by eliminating potential jurors with "extreme" preferences; however, it does so by sacrificing any semblance of a democratically representative jury. We show that changing the decision rule governing the jury to simple majority rule also facilitates the production of verdicts without discriminating against potential jurors because of their anticipated preferences or beliefs. In addition, such a change would eliminate the inefficiencies associated with protracted jury selection and mistrials resulting from hung juries. Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.
Aerodynamic design of turbomachinery blading in three-dimensional flow: An application to radial inflow turbines

A computational method based on a theory for turbomachinery blading design in three-dimensional inviscid flow is applied to a parametric design study of a radial inflow turbine wheel. As the method requires the specification of swirl distribution, a technique for its smooth generation within the blade region is proposed. Excellent agreements have been obtained between the computed results from this design method and those from direct Euler computations, demonstrating the correspondence and consistency between the two. The computed results indicate the sensitivity of the pressure distribution to a lean in the stacking axis and a minor alteration in the hub/shroud profiles
TeV Particle Astrophysics II: Summary comments

A unifying theme of this conference was the use of different approaches to understand astrophysical sources of energetic particles in the TeV range and above. In this summary I review how gamma-ray astronomy, neutrino astronomy and (to some extent) gravitational wave astronomy provide complementary avenues to understanding the origin and role of high-energy particles in energetic astrophysical sources.
Preliminary assessment of the effects of the WTO agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary trade regulations

Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures that regulate movement of products across international borders are necessary to protect public health or the environment, but may also be used to protect domestic producers from international competition. The recent WTO Agreement on the Application of SPS Measures aims to create a set of multilateral trade rules which allows the legitimate use of trade regulations for health and environmental protection, while disallowing their use for mercantilist regulatory protectionism. This paper examines WTO jurisprudence, negotiated settlements of formal complaints, and unilateral implementation of Agreement's provisions since its entry into force to evaluate whether and how the Agreement has served the interests of the world trading system. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University Press.
Geometric Graphs with Few Disjoint Edges

A geometric graph is a graph drawn in the plane so that the vertices are represented by points in general position, the edges are represented by straight line segments connecting the corresponding points. Improving a result of Pach and Torőcsik, we show that a geometric graph on n vertices with no k+1 pairwise disjoint edges has at most k 3 (n+1) edges. On the other hand, we construct geometric graphs with n vertices and approximately (3/2)(k-1)n edges, containing no k+1 pairwise disjoint edges. We also improve both the lower and upper bounds of Goddard, Katchalski, and Kleitman on the maximum number of edges in a geometric graph with no four pairwise disjoint edges.
The Colostrum-Deprived, Artificially Reared Neonatal Pig as a Model Animal for Studying Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of acute diarrhea in young humans and animals worldwide. The colostrum-deprived, artificially reared neonatal pig has been extensively used in our laboratory as a model animal for studying an experimentally induced rotaviral gastroenteritis. Details on procurement of newborn pigs, immunologic characteristics, and artificial rearing conditions of colostrum-deprived neonatal pigs as well as on rotavirus inoculation, clinical manifestations, and evaluation of intestinal damage caused by rotavirus infection are described. Our experimentally induced rotavirus gastroenteritis model has been characterized clinically by anorexia, diarrhea, occasional vomiting, and high titers of rotavirus shedding in feces. Data reported here provide additional information, particularly on feeding regimens of pigs before rotavirus inoculation, extent of anorexia, severity of diarrhea, and extent of fecal virus shedding, as well as on the effect of rotavirus infection and size of...
On the dependence of the solutions and optimal solutions of control problems on the control constraint set

In this paper we examine the dependence of the solutions and optimal solutions of a class of linear, infinite dimensional control systems on the control constraint set. This is done using the weak and the Kuratowski-Mosco convergence of sets. First we establish some general facts about weakly convergent multifunctions. Then we prove some convergence theorems for the trajectories of certain control systems. We also derive a general relaxation theorem. Subsequently we pass to optimal control problems and prove various convergence results. We conclude with an example from parabolic control systems.
Small-time kernel expansion for solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motions

Abstract The goal of this paper is to show that under some assumptions, for a d -dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H > 1 / 2 , the density of the solution of the stochastic differential equation X t x = x + ∑ i = 1 d ∫ 0 t V i ( X s x ) d B s i , admits the following asymptotics at small times: p ( t ; x , y ) = 1 ( t H ) d e − d 2 ( x , y ) 2 t 2 H ( ∑ i = 0 N c i ( x , y ) t 2 i H + O ( t 2 ( N + 1 ) H ) ) .
Observations of ferrite/austenite transformations in the heat affected zone of 2205 duplex stainless steel spot welds using time resolved X-ray diffraction

Abstract Time resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXRD) measurements are made in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) spot welds. Both the γ → δ and δ → γ transformations are monitored as a function of time during the rapid spot weld heating and cooling cycles. These observations are then correlated with calculated thermal cycles. Where the peak temperatures are highest (∼1342 °C), the γ → δ transformation proceeds to completion, leaving a ferritic microstructure at the end of heating. With lower peak temperatures, the γ → δ transformation proceeds to only partial completion, resulting in a microstructure containing both transformed and untransformed austenite. Further analyses of the individual diffraction patterns show shifts in the peak positions and peak widths as a function of both time and temperature. In addition, these changes in the peak characteristics are correlated with measured changes in the ferrite volume fraction. Such changes in the peak positions and widths during the γ → δ transformation provide an indication of changes occurring in each phase. These changes in peak properties can be correlated with the diffusion of nitrogen and other substitutional alloying elements, which are recognized as the primary mechanisms for this transformation. Upon cooling, the δ → γ transformation is observed to proceed from both the completely and partially transformed microstructural regions in the TRXRD data. An examination of the resulting microstructures confirms the TRXRD observation as the evidence shows that austenite both nucleates and grows from the ferritic microstructure at locations closest to the fusion zone boundary and grows from untransformed austenite grains at locations further from this boundary.
Ca14Au46Sn5: a “Colored” Gd14Ag51-type Structure Containing Columns of Well-Differentiated Hexagonal Gold Stars

A novel hexagonal phase discovered near the Ca15Au60Sn25 quasicrystal and its cubic approximants (ACs) was synthesized by means of high-temperature solid-state reactions. Single-crystal structural ...
Support varieties and representation type of self-injective algebras

We use the theory of varieties for modules arising from Hochschild cohomology to give an alternative version of the wildness criterion of Bergh and Solberg [7]: If a finite dimensional self-injective algebra has a module of complexity at least 3 and satisfies some finiteness assumptions on Hochschild cohomology, then the algebra is wild. We show directly how this is related to the analogous theory for Hopf algebras that we developed in [23]. We give applications to many different types of algebras: Hecke algebras, reduced universal enveloping algebras, small half-quantum groups, and Nichols (quantum symmetric) algebras. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 16D50, 16L60, 16G60, 16G10, 16E40, 16T05, 17B35, 17B37, 20C08
Fréedericksz transition in antiferroelectric liquid crystals and cooperative motion of smectic layers

In a recent paper @1#, it was shown that the transition from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric alignment in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal ~AFLC! can be homogeneously nucleated only under certain conditions. In particular, the critical electric field was found at which the antiferroelectric configuration loses its stability in an applied field. One of the major simplifications made in Ref. @1# was to neglect molecular rotations in those layers of the AFLC that contained molecules initially aligned in the direction of the applied electric field. In the present work we extend the calculation to include the cooperative motion of all the smectic layers as the transition occurs. It appears that the scenario of the transition from an antiferroelectric to a ferroelectric state in an AFLC changes drastically as soon as the cooperative motion of all the smectic layers is included. The critical field at which the homogeneous nucleation occurs is now determined mostly by the thickness of the AFLC cell, and not by the molecule-molecule interaction potential. As a result, this field may become much smaller in the model that takes cooperative motion of smectic layers into account than in the model of Ref. @1#, which ignores this possibility. Our starting point is an expression for the effective Hamiltonian of a cell containing an AFLC. Figure 1 shows our model. The N smectic layers lie in the x-z plane, and the director is characterized by the constant angle u 0 that it everywhere makes with the y axis and by the variable azimuthal angle f l(x,z) that it makes relative to the x axis in the x-z plane and in layer l. The Hamiltonian is then taken to be
The Internet revolution and the geography of innovation

cation is expected to lead to increased traffic, greater information access, personal autonomy in location decisions and ultimately, greater dispersion of economic activity. The impacts of the Internet will be different across diverse industries and various types of economic
The field theory of non-supersymmetric brane configurations

Abstract We identify the 4d field theories living on the world-volume of D4-branes in non-supersymmetric type IIA string theory constructions. They are softly broken N = 2 SQCD with the breakings introduced through vevs of the auxiliary fields in the spurion coupling field. Exact solutions of these theories for perturbing soft breakings exist in the literature. We calculate the ratios of string tensions in softly broken N = 2 SU( N ) gauge theory testing the recently proposed M-theory prediction. The semi-classical result of M-theory is renormalized in the non-supersymmetric models.
Academic Performance in MBA Programs: Do Prerequisites Really Matter?

Many researchers have examined criteria used in Master of Business Administration (MBA) admissions decisions. However, prior research has not examined predictive ability of undergraduate prerequisite courses in core business disciplines. The authors investigated whether undergraduate prerequisite courses predicted MBA success by analyzing the outcomes of 491 MBA graduates. The results revealed students who lacked business prerequisite courses performed better in MBA grade point average (GPA) than students who took prerequisites. Additionally, performance in undergraduate written composition is positively correlated with MBA GPA. Moreover, performance in undergraduate marketing, economics, and business statistics courses are significant predictors of MBA GPA. Finally, the authors found undergraduate GPA predicted MBA success.
Vibration control of plates with active constrained layer damping

Bending vibration of flat plates is controlled using patches of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatments. Each ACLD patch consists of a visco-elastic damping layer which is sandwiched between two piezo-electric layers. The first layer is directly bonded to the plate to sense its vibration and the second layer acts as an actuator to actively control the shear deformation of the visco-elastic damping layer according to the plate response. With such active/passive control capabilities the energy dissipation mechanism of the visco-elastic layer is enhanced and the damping characteristics of the plate vibration is improved. A finite element model is developed to analyze the dynamics and control of flat plates which are partially treated with multi-patches of ACLD treatments. The model is validated experimentally using an aluminum plate which is 0.05 cm thick, 25.0 cm long and 12.5 cm wide. The plate is treated with two ACLD patches, each of which is made of SOUNDCOAT (Dyad 606) visco-elastic layer sandwiched between two layers of AMP/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezo-electric films. The piezo-electric axes of the patches are set at zero degrees relative to the plate longitudinal axis to control the bending mode. The effect of the gain of a proportional control action on the system performance is presented. Comparison between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results suggest the validity of the developed finite element model. Also, comparisons with the performance of conventional passive constrained layer damping clearly demonstrate the merits of the ACLD as an effective means for suppressing the vibration of flat plates.
A Conversation with Shayle R. Searle

Born in New Zealand, Shayle Robert Searle earned a bachelor’s degree (1949) and a master’s degree (1950) from Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand. After working for an actuary, Searle went to Cambridge University where he earned a Diploma in mathematical statistics in 1953. Searle won a Fulbright travel award to Cornell University, where he earned a doctorate in animal breeding, with a strong minor in statistics in 1959, studying under Professor Charles Henderson. In 1962, Cornell invited Searle to work in the university’s computing center, and he soon joined the faculty as an assistant professor of biological statistics. He was promoted to associate professor in 1965, and became a professor of biological statistics in 1970. Searle has also been a visiting professor at Texas A&M University, Florida State University, Universitat Augsburg and the University of Auckland. He has published several statistics textbooks and has authored more than 165 papers. Searle is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, the Royal Statistical Society, and he is an elected member of the International Statistical Institute. He also has received the prestigious Alexander von Humboldt U.S. Senior Scientist Award, is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand and was recently awarded the D.Sc. Honoris Causa by his alma mater, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Design of Robust Controllers for Gas Turbine Engines

This paper describes robust controller design methodologies for gas turbine engines. A linear state variable model for the engine is derived using partial derivatives. The Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) and the Parameter Robust Linear Quadratic Gaussian (PRLQG) robust controller design methodologies have been used to design a controller for gas turbine engines. A new method is proposed by combining the features of LQG/LTR and PRLQG methods
Metriplectic Algebra for Dissipative Fluids in Lagrangian Formulation

The dynamics of dissipative fluids in Eulerian variables may be derived from an algebra of Leibniz brackets of observables, the metriplectic algebra, that extends the Poisson algebra of the frictionless limit of the system via a symmetric semidefinite component, encoding dissipative forces. The metriplectic algebra includes the conserved total Hamiltonian H, generating the non-dissipative part of dynamics, and the entropy S of those microscopic degrees of freedom draining energy irreversibly, which generates dissipation. This S is a Casimir invariant of the Poisson algebra to which the metriplectic algebra reduces in the frictionless limit. The role of S is as paramount as that of H, but this fact may be underestimated in the Eulerian formulation because S is not the only Casimir of the symplectic non-canonical part of the algebra. Instead, when the dynamics of the non-ideal fluid is written through the parcel variables of the Lagrangian formulation, the fact that entropy is symplectically invariant clearly appears to be related to its dependence on the microscopic degrees of freedom of the fluid, that are themselves in involution with the position and momentum of the parcel.
One-Pot Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes by Hydrozirconation and Amination

A one-pot anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of alkenes is reported. The synthesis of primary and secondary amines from unactivated olefins was accomplished in the presence of a variety of functional groups. Hydrozirconation, followed by amination with nitrogen electrophiles, provides exclusive anti-Markovnikov selectivity. Most products are isolated in high yields without the use of column chromatography.
Intelligent traveler assistant (ITA) simulation platform design

This paper describes the design of an intelligent traveler assistant (ITA) simulation environment capable of multi-modal traffic simulation in an ad hoc wireless network enabled environment. This hybrid platform integrates the traffic micro simulator VISSIM, the wireless network simulators SWANS, and a set of software ITA interfaces and services designed to model various applications.
IRON ORE PRODUCTION AT KIRKENES, NORWAY

(1955). Iron Ore Production at Kirkenes, Norway. Economic Geography: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 211-233.
Transport resistive broadening by avalanche flux motion in high-temperature superconductors: SOC in a driven system

Characteristics of seff -organized criticality (SOC) are investigated for a driven system in high-Tc supercorductors. By applying a bias current to a single crystal of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x}, we are able to drive the vortex state to criticality. We establish a magnetic field profile for a type-II superconductor by considering both the magnetic force (caused by the Bean critical current) and the Lorentz force (associated with the bias currrent). The resistive broadening is interpreted in the framework of SOC. We show that the R vs. T curve is divided into regions of flux flow, thermally activated flux avalanche creep.
Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-2,5-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines via Wacker-Type Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of Alkenes with tert-Butanesulfinamide Nucleophiles

Palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tethered tert-butanesulfinamides furnishes enantiopure 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines, originating from readily available and easily diversified starting materials. These reactions are the first reported examples of metal-catalyzed addition of sulfinamide nucleophiles to alkenes.
Analytical Models for Cross-Correlation Signal in Time-Distance Helioseismology

In time-distance helioseismology, the time signals (Doppler shifts) at two points on the solar surface separated by a fixed angular distance are cross-correlated, and this leads to a wave packet signal. Accurately measuring the travel times of these wave packets is crucial for inferring the subsurface properties in the Sun. The observed signal is quite noisy, and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and make the cross-correlation more robust, the temporal oscillation signal is phase-speed filtered at the two points in order to select waves that travel a fixed horizontal distance. Hence a new formula to estimate the travel times is derived in the presence of a phase-speed filter, and it includes both the radial and horizontal component of the oscillation displacement signal. It generalizes the previously used Gabor wavelet that was derived without a phase-speed filter and included only the radial component of the displacement. This is important since it will be consistent with the observed cross-correlation that is computed using a phase-speed filter, and it also accounts for both the components of the displacement. The new formula depends on the location of the two points on the solar surface that are being cross-correlated and accounts for the travel time shifts at different locations on the solar surface.
Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools

Urban land-cover change threatens biodiversity and affects ecosystem productivity through loss of habitat, biomass, and carbon storage. However, despite projections that world urban populations will increase to nearly 5 billion by 2030, little is known about future locations, magnitudes, and rates of urban expansion. Here we develop spatially explicit probabilistic forecasts of global urban land-cover change and explore the direct impacts on biodiversity hotspots and tropical carbon biomass. If current trends in population density continue and all areas with high probabilities of urban expansion undergo change, then by 2030, urban land cover will increase by 1.2 million km2, nearly tripling the global urban land area circa 2000. This increase would result in considerable loss of habitats in key biodiversity hotspots, with the highest rates of forecasted urban growth to take place in regions that were relatively undisturbed by urban development in 2000: the Eastern Afromontane, the Guinean Forests of West Africa, and the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspots. Within the pan-tropics, loss in vegetation biomass from areas with high probability of urban expansion is estimated to be 1.38 PgC (0.05 PgC yr−1), equal to ∼5% of emissions from tropical deforestation and land-use change. Although urbanization is often considered a local issue, the aggregate global impacts of projected urban expansion will require significant policy changes to affect future growth trajectories to minimize global biodiversity and vegetation carbon losses.
The Relationship Between Food Security and Poor Health Among Female WIC Participants

This study evaluated the prevalence and relationship of food security, dietary choices, and health status within the Butte County Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in California. One hundred fifty-five postpartum non-lactating female WIC participants were surveyed on their health and food security status through validated measures and their dietary choices through 7 Likert statements. Participants who were food insecure scored significantly lower on the general and mental health scales and their diet choice score. The participants' dietary choices also affected mental and general health scores. Food insecurity significantly increased the likelihood of having a lower mental health score and seldom or never eating 2½ cups of vegetables per day. These results suggest that food insecurity is associated with decreased general and mental health and vegetable consumption among Butte County WIC participants.
Fluoride-promoted reactions of unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Dimerization by a non-Baylis–Hillman pathway

Abstract Fluoride ion acts as a base toward α,β-unsaturated esters and cyclohexenone to induce self-condensation and/or double-bond isomerization.
Square wave voltammetry for the determination of kinetic parameters: The reduction of zinc(II) at mercury electrodes

Abstract Kinetic parameters for the reduction of zinc(II) at mercury electrodes were determined from normal pulse and square wave voltammograms by employing the simple Butler-Volmer model for charge transfer. A non-linear least squares method equivalent to the method of maximum likelihood was employed to obtain the optimal values of parameters from the data as well as their regions of confidence. For ideal experimental conditions, kinetic parameters determined using this method were the same as those obtained using the more common graphical method of analysis. Normal pulse and square wave voltammetry yield the same kinetic information. However square wave voltammetry has advantages of speed and rejection of currents not accounted for in the model. Good kinetic data were obtained at concentrations of Zn(II) as low as 5 μM. Kinetic parameters for the Zn(II)/Zn(Hg) couple Frumkin corrected for the solution double layer are included in this report. A more complex model incorporating double layer corrections yielded values of kinetic parameters independent of supporting electrolyte concentration (0.3–1.0 M KNO3), pulse width (1–100 ms), and concentration of Zn(II) (0.005–1 mM). These values are k°t = 2.64 (±0.16)× 10−4 cm/s, αt = 0.20 (±0.02), Er 1 2 = 1.000 ± 0.001 V vs. SCE.
Mapping Initial Hydrostatic Models in Godunov Codes

We look in detail at the process of mapping an astrophysical initial model from a stellar evolution code onto the computational grid of an explicit, Godunov-type code while maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium. This mapping process is common in astrophysical simulations, when it is necessary to follow short-timescale dynamics after a period of long-timescale buildup. We look at the effects of spatial resolution, boundary conditions, the treatment of the gravitational source terms in the hydrodynamics solver, and the initialization process itself. We conclude with a summary detailing the mapping process that yields the lowest ambient velocities in the mapped model.