cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term (11 years) study of water balance, flushing times and water chemistry of a coastal wetland undergoing restoration, Everglades, Florida, USA

Abstract Upstream water diversions have significantly reduced freshwater flow to coastal wetlands of the Everglades. The purpose of this research was to investigate the water balance, flushing time, and water chemistry of Taylor Slough; one of the main natural waterways of the coastal Everglades, during its early stages of restoration. Both the water balance and flushing times were calculated on a monthly basis from 2001 to 2011. Surface water chemistry was analyzed using 3-day composite samples collected every 18 h. Current restoration efforts have been able to increase surface water inputs to southern Taylor Slough, but rainfall was still the dominant water input. Flushing times varied between 3 and 78 days, with the highest values occurring in December and the lowest in May. Flushing times were negatively correlated with evapotranspiration ( ET ), but were longer when surface water volume exceeded ET and shorter when ET exceeded water volume. Surface water concentrations of calcium and chloride along with total nitrogen and total phosphorus were negatively correlated with flushing times. The results herein suggest that in coastal wetlands with low quantities of surface water inputs, ET and surface water volume influenced by rainfall are the most dominant factors influencing flushing times and water chemistry. Increased surface water inflows with additional restoration efforts would be expected to increase surface water volumes into southern Taylor Slough, thereby increasing flushing times and decreasing ion and nutrient concentrations.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL37 Protein Tyrosine Residues Conserved among All Alphaherpesviruses Are Required for Interactions with Glycoprotein K, Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment, and Infectious Virus Production

ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL37 protein functions in virion envelopment at trans-Golgi membranes, as well as in retrograde and anterograde transport of virion capsids. Recently, we reported that UL37 interacts with glycoprotein K (gK) and its interacting partner protein UL20 (N. Jambunathan, D. Chouljenko, P. Desai, A. S. Charles, R. Subramanian, V. N. Chouljenko, and K. G. Kousoulas, J Virol 88:5927–5935, 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00278-14), facilitating cytoplasmic virion envelopment. Alignment of UL37 homologs encoded by alphaherpesviruses revealed the presence of highly conserved residues in the central portion of the UL37 protein. A cadre of nine UL37 site-specific mutations were produced and tested for their ability to inhibit virion envelopment and infectious virus production. Complementation analysis revealed that replacement of tyrosines 474 and 480 with alanine failed to complement the UL37-null virus, while all other mutated UL37 genes complemented the virus efficiently. The recombinant virus DC474-480 constructed with tyrosines 474, 476, 477, and 480 mutated to alanine residues produced a gK-null-like phenotype characterized by the production of very small plaques and accumulation of capsids in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Recombinant viruses having either tyrosine 476 or 477 replaced with alanine produced a wild-type phenotype. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that replacement of all four tyrosines with alanines substantially reduced the ability of gK to interact with UL37. Alignment of HSV UL37 with the human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus UL37 homologs revealed that Y480 was conserved only for alphaherpesviruses. Collectively, these results suggest that the UL37 conserved tyrosine 480 residue plays a crucial role in interactions with gK to facilitate cytoplasmic virion envelopment and infectious virus production. IMPORTANCE The HSV-1 UL37 protein is conserved among all herpesviruses, functions in both retrograde and anterograde transport of virion capsids, and plays critical roles in cytoplasmic virion envelopment by interacting with gK. We show here that UL37 tyrosine residues conserved among all alphaherpesviruses serve critical roles in cytoplasmic virion envelopment and interactions with gK.
The Clinical Significance of Collateral Ventilation

Oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal being critical to cell survival, mammals have developed collateral vascular and ventilation systems to ensure tissue viability. Collateral ventilation, defined as ventilation of alveoli via pathways that bypass normal airways, is present in humans and many other species. The presence of collateral ventilation can be beneficial in certain disease states, whereas its relative absence can predispose to other diseases. These well defined anatomical pathways contribute little to ventilation in normal humans, but modulate ventilation perfusion imbalance in a variety of diseases, including obstructive diseases, such as asthma and emphysema. These pathways can be affected by pharmaceuticals and inhaled gas compositions. The middle lobe and lingula, constrained by their isolated, segmental anatomy, have reduced collateral ventilation, which predisposes them to disease. Recently, attempts to improve the quality of life of patients with emphysema, by performing nonsurgical lung volume reduction via use of endobronchial valves, have led to mixed results, because the role of collateral ventilation in the success or failure of the procedure was not initially appreciated. This review describes the anatomical pathways of collateral ventilation, their physiology and relationship to disease states, their modulatory effects on gas exchange, treatment considerations, and their effect on diagnostic procedures.
Single‐Step Modular Synthesis of Unsaturated Morpholine N‐Oxides and Their Cycloaddition Reactions

A single-flask procedure for the generation of α-keto-N-alkenylnitrones through a Chan–Lam coupling and subsequent spontaneous 6π electrocyclization of these intermediates for the synthesis of 2H-1,4-oxazine N-oxides has been developed for a variety of α-ketooximes and alkenylboronic acids. This transformation provides a new approach to C-substituted unsaturated morpholine derivatives that are poised to undergo further functionalization for the preparation of a diverse array of novel heterocyclic structures. The scope of the new method for the synthesis of 2H-1,4-oxazine N-oxides is discussed, in addition to initial studies describing the cycloaddition reactivity of these new heterocyclic intermediates.
PROSPER Intervention Effects on Adolescents' Alcohol Misuse Vary by GABRA2 Genotype and Age.

Preventive intervention effects on adolescent alcohol misuse may differ based on genotypes in gene-by-intervention (G x I) interactions, and these G x I interactions may vary as a function of age. The current study uses a novel statistical method, time-varying effect modeling (TVEM), to test an age-varying interaction between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the GABRA2 gene (rs279845) and a preventive intervention in predicting alcohol misuse in a longitudinal study of adolescents (ages 11–20). The preventive intervention was PROSPER, a community-based system for delivery of family and school programs selected from a menu of evidence-based interventions. TVEM results revealed a significant age-varying GABRA2 x intervention interaction from ages 12 to 18, with the peak effect size seen around age 13 (IRR = 0.50). The intervention significantly reduced alcohol misuse for adolescents with the GABRA2 TT genotype from ages 12.5 to 17 but did not reduce alcohol use for adolescents with the GABRA2 A allele at any age. Differences in intervention effects by GABRA2 genotype were most pronounced from ages 13 to 16—a period when drinking is associated with increased risk for alcohol use disorder. Our findings provide additional evidence that intervention effects on adolescent alcohol misuse may differ by genotype, and provide novel evidence that the interaction between GABRA2 and intervention effects on alcohol use may vary with age. Implications for interventions targeting adolescent alcohol misuse are discussed.
Use of gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and awareness of brain gadolinium deposition among pediatric providers in North America

Numerous recent articles have reported brain gadolinium deposition when using linear but not macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). To determine the current landscape of gadolinium use among pediatric institutions and the knowledge base of radiologists and referring providers with regard to GBCAs and brain gadolinium deposition. We e-mailed voluntary closed surveys to 5,390 physicians in various pediatric professional societies between January 2016 and March 2016. We used chi-square and Fisher exact tests to compare response distributions among specialties. We found that 80% of surveyed pediatric hospitals use macrocyclic contrast agents. In the last year, 58% switched their agent, most commonly to gadoterate meglumine, with the most common reason being brain gadolinium deposition. Furthermore, surveys indicated that 23% of hospitals are considering switching, and, of these, 83% would switch to gadoterate meglumine; the most common reasons were brain gadolinium deposition and safety. Radiologists were more aware of brain gadolinium deposition than non-radiologist physicians (87% vs. 26%; P<0.0001). Radiologists and referring providers expressed similar levels of concern (95% and 89%). Twelve percent of radiologists and 2% of referring providers reported patients asking about brain gadolinium deposition. Radiologists were significantly more comfortable addressing patient inquiries than referring pediatric physicians (48% vs. 6%; P<0.0001). The number of MRIs requested by referring pediatric physicians correlated with their knowledge of brain gadolinium deposition, contrast agent used by their hospital, and comfort discussing brain gadolinium deposition with patients (P<0.0001). Since the discovery of brain gadolinium deposition, many pediatric hospitals have switched to or plan to switch to a more stable macrocyclic MR contrast agent, most commonly gadoterate meglumine. Despite this, there is need for substantial further education of radiologists and referring pediatric providers regarding GBCAs and brain gadolinium deposition.
Chapter 1: Plasma Measurements: An Overview of Requirements and Status

This paper introduces this special issue on plasma diagnostics for magnetic fusion research. Its primary purpose is to relate the measurements of plasma parameters to the physics challenges to be f...
The citation effect: In-text citations moderately increase belief in trivia claims.

Abstract Authors use in-text citations to provide support for their claims and to acknowledge work done by others. How much do such citations increase the believability of an author's claims? It is possible that readers (especially novices) might ignore citations as they read. Alternatively, citations ostensibly serve as evidence for a claim, which justifies using them as a basis for a judgment of truth. In six experiments, subjects saw true and false trivia claims of varying difficulty presented with and without in-text citations (e.g., The cat is the only pet not mentioned in the bible) and rated the likelihood that each statement was true. A mini meta-analysis summarizing the results of all six experiments indicated that citations had a small but reliable effect on judgments of truth (d = 0.13, 95% CI [0.06, 0.20]) suggesting that subjects were more likely to believe claims that were presented with citations than without. We discuss this citation effect and how it is similar and different to related research suggesting that nonprobative photos can increase judgments of truth.
Health-based ingestion exposure guidelines for Vibrio cholerae: Technical basis for water reuse applications.

Abstract U.S. military and allied contingency operations are increasingly occurring in locations with limited, unstable or compromised fresh water supplies. Non-potable graywater reuse is currently under assessment as a viable means to increase mission sustainability while significantly reducing the resources, logistics and attack vulnerabilities posed by transport of fresh water. Development of health-based (non-potable) exposure guidelines for the potential microbial components of graywater would provide a logical and consistent human-health basis for water reuse strategies. Such health-based strategies will support not only improved water security for contingency operations, but also sustainable military operations. Dose-response assessment of Vibrio cholerae based on adult human oral exposure data were coupled with operational water exposure scenario parameters common to numerous military activities, and then used to derive health risk-based water concentrations. The microbial risk assessment approach utilized oral human exposure V. cholerae dose studies in open literature. Selected studies focused on gastrointestinal illness associated with experimental infection by specific V. cholerae serogroups most often associated with epidemics and pandemics (O1 and O139). Nonlinear dose-response model analyses estimated V. cholerae effective doses (EDs) aligned with gastrointestinal illness severity categories characterized by diarrheal purge volume. The EDs and water exposure assumptions were used to derive Risk-Based Water Concentrations (CFU/100 mL) for mission-critical illness severity levels over a range of water use activities common to military operations. Human dose-response studies, data and analyses indicate that ingestion exposures at the estimated ED1 (50 CFU) are unlikely to be associated with diarrheal illness while ingestion exposures at the lower limit (200 CFU) of the estimated ED10 are not expected to result in a level of diarrheal illness associated with degraded individual capability. The current analysis indicates that the estimated ED20 (approximately 1000 CFU) represents initiation of a more advanced stage of diarrheal illness associated with clinical care.
Asenapine, iloperidone and lurasidone exposures in young children reported to U.S. poison centers.

Context: Asenapine, iloperidone and lurasidone are relatively new atypical antipsychotics. There is limited information on toxicity on pediatric exposures to these drugs. The objective of this stud...
Sinonasal epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma: Report of a novel subsite and review of the literature.

Background Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare tumor of the major and minor salivary glands. Sinonasal EMC is extremely uncommon and hitherto not described within the frontal or ethmoid sinuses. Objective To present a novel sinonasal subsite and review the literature regarding sinonasal EMC. Methods A case of frontoethmoidal EMC was presented. A medical literature data base was queried from January 1, 1950, to August 8, 2017, for all reports of sinonasal EMC. Results A 69-year-old man underwent combined open and endoscopic craniofacial resection of a right frontoethmoidal EMC, a previously undescribed primary location for this tumor. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed 13 additional cases of sinonasal EMC. Conclusion EMC is an uncommon neoplasm typically found in the major salivary glands; occurrence in the nose or paranasal sinuses is extremely rare. EMC often follows an indolent clinical course, although, in a minority of cases, particularly in large tumors with nuclear atypia, more aggressive behavior may be observed.
Biomedical nanomaterials in tissue engineering

Abstract: Tissue engineering aims to develop functional tissue substitutes that can be used for reconstructing damaged tissues or organs. To engineer a tissue construct, cells are generally seeded on biomaterial scaffolds that recapitulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and microenvironment in order to enhance tissue development. Recently, it has been recognized that biomedical nanomaterials play a central role in tissue engineering as they may better support tissue regeneration. Here, we address various biomedical nanomaterials and their effects on cells and tissues. The considerations needed to create a scaffold material for tissue engineering applications are discussed. We will also review the current progress and future directions for nanomaterials in tissue engineering.
The Outcome of Renal Transplantation in Children with the Prune Belly Syndrome

AbstractChildren with the prune belly syndrome are at high risk for renal failure. The effect of the prune belly syndrome on the outcome of renal transplantation was evaluated in a retrospective study in which 8 transplant recipients with this syndrome were randomly matched with 13 control, nondi-abetic transplant patients. The parameters evaluated were patient and graft survival, renal function and interval until transplantation. The patients were matched by computer for age at transplantation, date of transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy used and type of donor. Data were analyzed by the Gehan test. There was no statistically significant difference in patient deaths (1 versus 3), graft survival (75 versus 69%) or graft function between patients with the prune belly syndrome and controls. Patients with the prune belly syndrome waited a shorter interval for transplantation than did controls (no statistically significant difference) because the distensible abdominal wall characteristic of the syndrome...
Biology of Progesterone-Induced Uterine Serpins

Progesterone is a pleiotropic regulator of uterine function required for the maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. A major action of progesterone is to induce expression of genes encoding for secretory proteins of the uterine endometrium. These proteins participate in several roles deemed essential for survival of the conceptus and include enzymes, transport proteins, and regulatory proteins. Several serpins have been identified as being part of the milieu of secretory proteins in the progesterone-dominated uterus. Among these are plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, induced by progesterone in cultured human endometrial cells (Miyauchi et al., 1995; Lockwood et al., 1995), and α1-antitrypsin, which is synthesized by human endometrium during pregnancy (Fay et al., 1990) and also can enter uterine fluid as a serum transudate (Bany and McRae, 1992). These proteins likely inhibit serine proteinases secreted by the uterus and placenta and may limit remodeling of the endometrium, participate in local hemostasis and regulate placental invasiveness. In addition to these well-known serpins, the uterus of certain species of ungulates each produce one or more members of a subfamily of serpins that are characterized by endometrial site of synthesis, sequence homology to each other, and weak or no known antiproteinase activity. This chapter will concentrate on the most well-characterized of these uterine-specific serpins — a glycoprotein of the sheep uterus called uterine milk protein (UTMP) — and will compare the properties of this protein to other uterine serpins. Uterine milk protein is the most abundant steroid-induced protein yet described and gram quantities can be obtained from the uterus of a single unilaterally-pregnant ewe (Moffatt et al., 1987a). There is evidence to implicate UTMP in inhibition of lymphocyte funciton and in binding interactions with placental secretory proteins. It is also possible that UTMP acts as a carrier protein to transport maternal products across the placenta.
Stopping Out and Going Back: The Impact of Educational Attainment on Criminal Desistance Among Stopped-Out Offenders:

Education has been consistently studied as a source of crime prevention and control, but the relevance of returning and completing educational degrees among offenders who drop out, as an opportunit...
3D Bioprinting of Cardiovascular Tissue Constructs: Cardiac Bioinks

Three-dimensional (3D) cardiac tissue bioprinting sits at the crossroads of cardiovascular biology, additive manufacturing, and materials science and engineering. As such this area of research requires know-how from each of the above fields and has to address some significant challenges when it comes to translational success and novel developments. Of specific interest are advances in bioink formulation, where biochemical and mechanical properties of hydrogels must be precisely tailored to produce cardiac-specific bioinks that could support functional heart tissue for diverse in vitro and in vivo applications. Hydrogel-based bioinks must fulfill several key biophysical and biochemical requirements, before, during, and post-printing processes. This chapter explores in depth the parameters that are necessary for a successful bioink solution that can support cardiac tissue structure and function.
Stormwater-quality performance of lined permeable pavement systems.

Abstract Three permeable pavements were evaluated for their ability to improve the quality of stormwater runoff over a 22-month period in Madison, Wisconsin. Using a lined system with no internal water storage, permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA) were able to significantly remove sediment and sediment-bound pollutant loads from runoff originating from an asphalt parking lot five times larger than the receiving permeable pavement area. Reductions in total suspended solids were similar for all three surfaces at approximately 60 percent. Clogging occurred after approximately one year, primarily due to winter sand application that led to high sediment load in spring runoff. Winter road salt application resulted in high chloride load that was initially attenuated in all three permeable pavements but later released during subsequent spring runoff events. Total phosphorus load was reduced by nearly 20 percent for PICP and PA, and 43 percent for PC. These values were likely tempered by the export of dissolved phosphorus observed in PICP and PA, but not PC. Average removal efficiencies for metals were 40, 42, and 49 percent in PA, PICP, and PC, respectively. A median pH of 10.2 in PC effluent could explain elevated removal efficiency of phosphorus and select metals in PC over PICP and PA (median = 7.5 and 7.8, respectfully) through enhanced precipitation. Elevated pH values in PC may also have led to higher removal efficiencies for select metals than PICP or PA. The environmental benefits as well as potential unintended consequences of stormwater practices like permeable pavement that utilize infiltration as a form of treatment warrant consideration in management of urban runoff.
Abstract I18: Retooling a blood-based biomarker into a theranostic agent

Over the past 30 years, our ability to noninvasively diagnose, localize, and treat many forms of cancer has grown significantly. However, the biomolecular basis of many malignancies—most notably pancreatic cancer—remains convoluted, and technical advances have not translated to significantly improved survival rates. This is reflected in 1- and 5-year survival rates of 27% and 6%, respectively, for pancreatic cancer diagnoses. Given the tremendous current focus on the creation of new therapeutics for treating pancreatic cancer, the development of companion technologies that can safely, accurately, and unambiguously aid in the early diagnosis, staging, and treatment monitoring of pancreatic cancer is a vitally important—yet unmet—clinical need. The remarkable specificity and selectivity of antibodies for cancer biomarkers have made immunoglobulins some of the most flexible and adaptable tools in modern medicine. For therapeutic purposes, a wide range of nonlabeled antibodies has now entered the clinic. Antibody-based PET and SPECT imaging agents are not far behind. For example, an array of 89Zr-labeled radioimmunoconjugates has shown significant promise in both preclinical and clinical studies. CA19-9 levels in the serum are routinely used for diagnosis, risk stratification, and follow-up of PDAC. While CA19-9 is a shed antigen entering the circulation, the concentration is much higher in the tumor tissue, making it a potential target for in vivo imaging with radiolabeled antibodies. Our studies show that a tumor antigen secreted to the circulation can be used for sensitive detection of primary tumors and metastatic disease by immuno-PET. For example, in proof-of-concept preclinical studies, we were able to visualize pancreatic cancer xenograft and orthotopic models of early- and late-stage disease with excellent tumoral uptake and target-to-non-target ratios using the 89Zr-labeled human monoclonal antibody [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HuMab-5B1 (MVT-2163, NCT02687230). This 5B1 radioimmunoconjugate scaffold has also been deployed with therapeutic beta- and alpha-emitting radionuclides, creating an effective radiotherapeutic paradigm for the imaging and therapy of PDAC. In conclusion, our study shows that a tumor antigen secreted by PDAC to the circulation can be used for sensitive detection of primary tumors and metastatic disease by immuno-PET. This significantly broadens the number of molecular targets that can be used for PET imaging and provides new opportunities for noninvasive characterization of tumors in pancreatic cancer patients. Citation Format: Jason S. Lewis. Retooling a blood-based biomarker into a theranostic agent [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr I18.
Addressing metallic contaminants in the photochemical supply chain

Metal contaminants are notorious yield detractors throughout semiconductor unit processes. Metallic contaminants can create small, hard-to-detect defects that can eventually result in cone defects and gate leakage. Because these contaminants are so hard to detect, it is extremely difficult to pinpoint their root cause and identify opportunities to remove them. Clean photochemicals experience many contamination opportunities between their final quality control checks at the end of manufacturing and dispense onto a wafer. The complexity of the interactions of metal contaminants and the components in photochemicals is an important consideration when designing removal methods. This challenge increases when metaloxide photoresists are introduced into high volume manufacturing, whereby metals that enhance etch resistance must remain in the formulation, while specific metal contaminants must be removed. In this paper, we will describe different types of metal contaminants in photochemicals and raw materials, review how these contaminants are removed using membrane-based technologies, and define new methodologies to better target metal in photochemicals.
Late Event-related Potentials and Schizophrenia

Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of schizophrenia have recently been reviewed in a series of articles in the Schizophrenia Builetin [Buchsbaum, 1977; Roth, 1977; Shagass, 1977]. Differences between patients and controls have been found for ERP components of various latencies and topographic distribution although generally only single ERP paradigms have been applied at one time. This paper reports the results of a pilot study designed to investigate schizo phrenic patients in a multiple ERP paradigm design. We tested subjects on three paradigms, each of which emphasized different late ERPs. Components with latencies over 50 msec are generally more sensitive than earlier components to psychological variables, such as attention and expectancy, and for that reason might be more sensitive to psychological alterations commonly reported in schizophrenia. By eliciting different ERP components in the same subjects we hoped to get an idea of the relative sensitivity of these components to schizophrenic illness.
Alternatives to Cobalt: Vanadate Glass and Glass-Ceramic Structures as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cobalt-based layered materials have been dominant as cathodes for the rechargeable lithium-ion battery since it was introduced in 1991. Recently, the focus has been on finding novel cathode materials that have significantly higher capacity or voltage than lithium cobalt oxide (practical specific capacity ∼ 140 mA h/g and average voltage ∼ 3.8 V). However, because of the cost and sourcing issues involved with cobalt, which predominately comes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, looking for less expensive and more abundant alternatives with comparable performance is a growing focus. Here, we report that glass and glass-ceramic vanadate materials showed high initial capacity (>300 mA h/g) and promising cycling stability. Vanadate glass and glass ceramics also showed good rate performance and deeper discharge capability (down to 1.5 V) compared to crystalline counterparts reported in literature. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy were used to explore the processing-structure–property relationship of vanadate glass and glass-ceramics as novel electrodes. The results indicate that the glass-ceramic-containing β-Li₀.₃₃V₂O₅ crystal has higher initial capacity, but the amorphous glass vanadate shows the most stable cycling performance. Despite the promising performance of glass-based electrodes in which structural stability is not an issue, the continued degradation was still observed. Raman and EDS analyses suggest that vanadate-based cells have the dissolution of vanadium in electrolyte that transports to the lithium metal anode, which is a key issue that must be overcome for these materials to be more stable and commercially applicable.
Low Self-control and School Bullying: Testing the GTC in Nigerian Sample of Middle School Students:

Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime's (GTC) claim to explain crime, at all times, and in all places, has received considerable empirical support using Western, Scandinavian, and Asian samples. However, the theory is yet to be tested using a Nigerian sample. Using cross-sectional data from a sample of 1,192 junior secondary school (middle school) students in Nigeria, this study examines the explanatory power of Gottfredson and Hirschi's GTC in predicting bullying perpetration and victimization in that context and culture. Binomial logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis that the bullying perpetration and victimization experiences of these students would be negatively related to self-control. Study provides support for the cross-cultural potency of the GTC as low self-control predicted the bullying and victimization experiences of these students regardless of gender. Students' perception of a negative school environment was also a significant predictor of bullying. This is the first test of the GTC with a Nigerian sample and hopefully, will be a springboard for effective bullying prevention policy/programs in Nigerian schools. The public policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Explaining changes in perceived wildfire risk related to the mountain pine beetle outbreak in north central Colorado

Abstract Longitudinal studies of risk perception, while growing, remain an understudied area of risk analysis research. Natural resource-based communities provide a key backdrop for analyzing dynamic risk perceptions and related social-ecological processes. Since the mid-1990s, a mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak has affected roughly 3.4 million acres of north central Colorado forests. Slow-moving landscape changes have taken place as a result of the outbreak, making it a relevant case study in which to examine wildfire and forest risk perceptions over time. In 2018, we replicated and expanded a 2007 mail survey of residents about local response to the MPB outbreak in nine north central Colorado communities. Using the initial and follow-up survey data from these study communities, we examined the changing wildfire risk perception and its relationships with various aspects of local human–nature interactions. The longitudinal surveys showed that perceptions of all forest risks except for forest fire and falling trees declined across the two study phases. Respondents in the 2018 survey also indicated increases in perceived likelihood of a wildfire, perceived severity of possible wildfire damage, and general concern about wildfire hazard. The analysis suggested that evolving wildfire risk perception was strongly associated with a number of explanatory variables and personal characteristics. Higher levels of perceived tree mortality, community interaction and communication, and individual actions in response to forest risks were consistently related to greater odds of indicating increased wildfire risk perception. In general, community social vulnerability, perceived tree re-growth, satisfaction with local management entities, and age were negatively related to the likelihood of having elevated perceptions of fire risk, whereas males and forest-related occupations were associated with relatively lower odds of reporting increases in perceived wildfire risk. Significant influencing factors for change also varied across the cognitive and affective dimensions of wildfire risk perception. Findings of this research have important implications for conceptual approaches, management and policy, as well as social-ecological indication and analysis in forest risk related areas.
Towards Scalable, Secure, and Smart Mission-Critical IoT Systems: Review and Vision : (Special Session Paper)

Recent emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning have been promising enormous economic and societal benefits. While it is desirable to deploy these technologies to Internet-of-Things (IoT) infrastructures in many applications such as medical, energy, transportation, and industrial automation systems, such deployments present daunting challenges in performance, efficiency, and dependability of scaling-up IoT infrastructure, due to the ever-increasing number of edge devices, ever-increasing levels of device and system heterogeneity, and more stringent requirements of reliability, robustness, and security in mission-critical settings. This position paper elaborates the needs for a cross-layer and full hardware/software stack solution for the design and deployment of scalable, secure, and smart mission-critical IoT systems from four different perspectives and research fields. We present a review of recent studies on such issues and identify the potential challenges and gaps, based on which we highlight some important research directions and future works that can be conducted to tackle such challenges.
Conducting Polymer-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of Adenosine

Emerging research in the area of conducting polymer-based electrochemical biosensors has revealed the need for the development of techniques that can enable easy functionalization with biorecogniti...
Market Mechanisms for Buying Random Wind

The intermittent nature of wind power leads to the question of how wind power producers can participate in a deregulated electricity market. In the proposed auction paradigm, wind farms bid probability distributions of generation, instead of bidding cost functions as thermal units do. Our focus is to design incentive compatible mechanisms that elicit truthful information of strategic agents who supply stochastic resource. We first study the aggregators problem of how to select the wind farms, which have the most desirable distributions. We then study the independent system operators (ISOs) problem of how to price wind energy for stochastic economic dispatch.
A novel nickel SALICIDE process technology for CMOS devices with sub-40 nm physical gate length

A novel nickel self-aligned silicide (SALICIDE) process technology has been developed for CMOS devices with physical gate length of sub-40 nm. The excess silicidation problem due to edge effect is effectively solved by using a low-temperature, in-situ formed Ni-rich silicide. With this new process, excess poly gate silicidation is prevented. Island diode leakage current and breakdown voltage are also improved.
Body Wave Excitations of Embedded Hemisphere

Solutions of three-dimensional vibrations of an embedded hemispherical foundation are presented for excitation by incident plane P, SV, and SH waves with arbitrary angles of incidence. The effects of embedment are illustrated by comparing the motion of the embedded hemispherical foundation with those of a rigid disc bonded to a half space of equal radius and excited by the same waves. The impedence matrix and the foundation motion are analyzed and compared with similar and reLated approximate solutions. In the context of Fourier synthesis, the results can be viewed as representing the transfer functions for the forces and motions of the foundation. For arbitrary transient excitation which can be represented by plane body waves, the results can be used to calculate the transient motion of the foundation.
Chapter 3 Growth cone behaviors during axon guidance in the developing cerebral cortex

Publisher Summary The chapter examines the growth cone morphologies in vivo in the developing corpus callosum, a major cortical pathway that interconnects reciprocal regions of the cerebral hemispheres. In the hamster, the axons of the developing sensorimotor cortex begin to project across the callosal pathway a few hours before birth and continue to grow out in a staggered fashion during the first postnatal week. During development, axons of the central nervous system must extend over long distances to reach an exact set of target neurons. Growing axons are tipped by motile exploratory growth cones, which respond to cues in their environment, and thereby play an active role in axonal pathfinding. The chapter focuses on mechanisms that guide axons to their appropriate destinations in the developing cerebral cortex. The studies of growth cones in the developing nervous system suggest that changes in their morphologies and behaviors often reflect encounters with a changing set of guidance cues. In the developing cortex, the direct video microscopic observations of growth cone behaviors have shown that different cell–cell interactions can elicit specific steering decisions by the growth cone and subsequent guidance of its axon. These behaviors can lead the growth cone to turn or extend a collateral branch toward certain cells or collapse and retract away from others.
Social Psychology and the Stress Process

The stress process model has deep roots in the symbolic interactionist and social structure and personality traditions within sociological social psychology. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the centrality of meaning in social life, an emphasis that informs a key tenet of stress research that the effects of stressors on outcomes depend on their meanings to the person. The social structure and personality tradition emphasizes the macro-structural origins of proximate life experiences, an emphasis that is evident in research on the role of stress in health inequality. The greatest potential contributions of social psychology to research on the stress process combine these emphases in analyses of the macro-structural and interactional origins of the meanings of stressors. Keywords: health; mental health; stress
Purification and Characterization of a Staphylolytic Enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to produce an enzyme that lyses viable cells of Staphylococcus aureus. The maximal yield of the enzyme was obtained from shake flask cultures of P. aeruginosa which were grown for 18 to 22 hr at 37 C in Trypticase Soy Broth. A 333-fold purification of the enzyme was obtained by acetone precipitation of the culture liquor, followed by column chromatography on phosphonic acid cellulose and Bio-Gel P2. The staphylolytic enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 37 C in 0.01 m sodium phosphate (pH 8.5) and was stable at 37 C in the pH range of 7.5 to 9.5. The inhibition and stabilization of the enzyme by various organic and inorganic materials was investigated. Spheroplasts of S. aureus were formed by treating viable cells with the staphylolytic enzyme in 1 m sucrose or human serum.
Remote Sensing of the Ross Ice Streams and Adjacent Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

In the first few seasons of the Antarctic Siple Coast project, the University of Wisconsin has concentrated on radar and seismic studies. Highlights of the results to date include the delineation of ice streams A, B, and C and the ridges in between, determination of the surface elevations over the area, discovery of a much more advanced grounding line than previously recognized and recognition of a broad, flat, barely grounded “ice plain” just inside the grounding line. Complex zones between and adjoining some of the ice streams, characterized by an interspersal of undisturbed ice and crevassed patches, give the impression of being transformed from sheet flow into stream flow in a process of ice stream expansion. An indicated negative mass balance for ice stream B could be the result of this “activation” process. Ice stream C, currently stagnant, exhibits terraces and reversals of surface slope, associated with zones of strong, steady basal radar reflections. These features suggest that subglacial water has been trapped by reversals in the hydraulic pressure gradient. Low seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities in a meters-thick layer immediately below the ice strongly indicate a saturated sediment of such high porosity (~40%) and low effective (differential) pressure (~50 kPa, or 0.5% of the glaciostatic pressure) that it must be too weak not to be deforming. We presume this deforming layer to be a dilated till. Its base exhibits ridges and troughs parallel to the flow direction that resemble glacial megaflutes. We believe that at our site on the upper part of ice stream B the ice stream moves principally by deforming its bed. Analysis of seismographic recordings of micro-earthquakes that occur at the glacier bed shows that the micro-earthquakes are both small in energy and infrequent. This implies that virtually none of the energy of ice stream motion is dissipated by brittle fracture at the bed. If our models are correct, the subgiacial deforming till becomes increasingly soft down-glacier, and/or the ice becomes decoupled from the till by intervening water, until on the “ice plain” basal drag is less important than longitudinal stresses in the dynamic balance. Our models also imply that the “ice plains” rest on “till deltas” that have been formed by the deposition of till carried along beneath the ice streams, and that the till deltas, and the grounding lines that bound them, are currently advancing in front of the active ice streams.
Electrothermomechanical analysis and its application to studying electrically conductive adhesive joints

Electrothermomechanical analysis (ETMA) is effective for studying electrically conductive adhesive joints. Post curing of an electrically conductive adhesive (silver particle filled epoxy) by heating at an elevated temperature significantly enhances the thermal and mechanical stability of the conductive adhesive joint. The contact electrical resistivity and thickness of a joint tend to decrease cycle to cycle upon thermal cycling between 30 and 50°C and upon compression (up to 0.55 MPa). The effects of compression and thermal cycling are significant in the joint without post curing, but is insignificant after post curing.
A study of the effect of acriflavine given intravenously on experimental uterine infection in the dog

Abstract The results show that the intravenous injection of an appropriate dose of acriflavine has a definite beneficial effect on the course of the experimentally infected uterus of the dog. The earlier the dye is injected the more definite the effect. In some instances sterile cultures of the inoculated or infected uterine horn are obtained after acriflavine therapy. The beneficial effect of the acriflavine on the course of the uterine infection is also shown by a return to normal in body temperature by lysis. On the basis of these results it is believed that intravenous acriflavine in appropriate dosage is worthy of being tried in early uterine infections.
Social Responsibility, Environmental Concern and Consumer Behavior toward Green Products

Research on the marketing of green products has shown that consumers’ level of social responsibility and their attitude toward the environment may influence their “green” behavior. This paper explores the interaction between these three phenomena, and shows that while environmental concern interacts strongly with green consumer behavior, social responsibility does not. The paper also reveals the importance of gender in the process.
Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management

Disease overview Approximately one-fourth of cutaneous lymphomas are B-cell derived and are generally classified into three distinct subgroups: primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL), primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, LT). Diagnosis DIAGNOSIS and disease classification is based on histologic review and immunohistochemical staining of an appropriate skin biopsy. Pathologic review and an appropriate staging evaluation are necessary to distinguish primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas from systemic B-cell lymphomas with secondary skin involvement. Risk-stratification: Disease histology remains the most important prognostic determinant. Both PCFCL and PCMZL are indolent lymphomas that infrequently disseminate to extracutaneous sites and are associated with 5-year survival rates that exceed 95%. In contrast, PCDLBCL, LT is an aggressive lymphoma with an inferior prognosis. Risk-adapted therapy PCFCL and PCMZL patients with solitary or relatively few skin lesions may be affectively managed with local radiation therapy. While single-agent rituximab may be employed for patients with more widespread skin involvement, multiagent chemotherapy is rarely appropriate. In contrast, management of patients with PCDLBCL, LT is comparable to the management of patients with systemic DLBCL.
Undecidability of the Real-Algebraic Structure of Scott's Model

We show that true first-order arithmetic of the positive integers is interpretable over the real-algebraic structure of Scott's topological model for intuitionistic analysis. From this the undecidability of the structure follows.
Efficient Error Control Decoder Architectures for Noncoherent Random Linear Network Coding

Random linear network coding is an efficient technique for disseminating information in networks, but it is highly susceptible to errors. Kotter-Kschischang (KK) codes and Mahdavifar-Vardy (MV) codes are two important families of subspace codes that provide error control in noncoherent random linear network coding. List decoding has been used to decode MV codes beyond half distance. Existing hardware implementations of the rank metric decoder for KK codes suffer from limited throughput, long latency and high area complexity. The interpolation-based list decoding algorithm for MV codes still has high computational complexity, and its feasibility for hardware implementations has not been investigated. In this paper we propose efficient decoder architectures for both KK and MV codes and present their hardware implementations. Two serial architectures are proposed for KK and MV codes, respectively. An unfolded decoder architecture, which offers high throughput, is also proposed for KK codes. The synthesis results show that the proposed architectures for KK codes are much more efficient than rank metric decoder architectures, and demonstrate that the proposed decoder architecture for MV codes is affordable.