cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cattle of a Five-Breed Diallel. III. Puberty in Bulls and Heifers

Pubertal characters of bulls and heifers produced in a diallel mating of Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Holstein and Jersey cattle were analyzed. Ninety-one heifers and 138 bulls in individual pens adn 286 bulls in drylots were fed a 72% TDN diet ad libitum; another 384 heifers were placed on pasture with supplemental feed. Puberty in heifers was defined as time of first ovulatory estrus; in bulls, as first detection of sperm cells in an electroejaculate. Breed type least-squares means, adjusted for birth month, were estimated within sex-nutrition-management groups and then decomposed into breed effects, average heterosis (h), general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) by diallel analysis techniques. Breed effects were a significant source of variation for all characters studied. Heterosis (h, GCA, SCA) was not significant for pubertal age of bulls or heifers receiving complete diets in pens, a rather high nutritional plane. However, on pasture, crossbred heifers reached puberty at a younger age (P less than .05) than straightbreds. Average heterosis was significant (P less than .05) for increased weight and hip height at puberty and ratios involving these characters for both sexes. Specific combining abilities were not statistically significant for the majority of the pubertal characters, yet large differences among estimates of combining abilities were expressed. Ad libitum feeding of the penned heifers tended to decrease pubertal age and increase pubertal size as compared to pubertal age and size of pastured heifers. The breed type x management interactions within both sexes indicated a different ranking of the breed types for each management regimen.
Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics

This chapter summarizes the basic concepts and equations of fluid mechanics. The traditional finite difference procedures are used in solving fluid flow problems. Different fluids show different relations between stress and the rate of deformation. Depending on the nature of relation followed between stress and rate of deformation, fluids can be classified as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. A flow field is described in terms of the velocities and accelerations of fluid particles at different times and at different points throughout the fluid-filled space. For the graphical representation of fluid motion, the concepts of streamlines and path lines are introduced. The motion of a group of particles in a fluid is described by either the Lagrangian method or the Eulerian method. For a general three-dimensional flow problem, the continuity equation, the equations of motion, the energy equation, the equation of state, and the viscosity equation are to be satisfied. The unknowns are the velocity components (u, v, w), pressure (p), density (p), viscosity (μ), and the temperature (T). Thus, there are seven governing equations in seven unknowns, and hence the problem can be solved once the flow boundaries and the boundary and initial conditions for the governing equations are known. The general governing equations are valid at any instant of time and are applicable to laminar, transition, and turbulent flows.
3:1-Bandwidth millimeter-wave PUMA array

A planar-printed PUMA array at 4mm scale is presented that operates over roughly 12GHz to 38GHz (approximately 3:1 bandwidth), demonstrating PUMA technology manufactured at millimeter-wave scales. The simple design consists of a single layer of Rogers 3003 material plated front and back with through vias, sandwiched between a structural metal backing and a superstrate radome layer. The aperture is less than 0.4 wavelengths thick at the highest frequency of operation. Scan performance is excellent, with VSWR < 2 for 45-degree scans in all planes, VSWR < 3 for 60-degree scans in all planes and over all frequencies. Measured results are presented.
Some Further Methodological Considerations

In the previous chapter, certain methodological points Hegel makes in paragraphs 14–16 of the Introduction were set aside in order to focus on the self-critical revision of standards of knowledge. These points are taken up in this chapter and elaborated in view of some of Hegel’s other methodological considerations, both those mentioned elsewhere in the Introduction and those presupposed by his method as outlined therein. Section II discusses Hegel’s conception of experience. Section III considers certain views about principles and practices implied by Hegel’s method. Section IV explores how Hegel’s method is sensitive to the Meno paradox. Section V examines Hegel’s views about the motivations for consciousness’ self-critical examination. Section VI discusses Hegel’s claim that his phenomenological method is a methodological skepticism. Section VII treats Hegel’s claim that his method is a science. Section VIII considers briefly again Hegel’s solution to the problem of our begging the question against the forms of consciousness displayed in the Phenomenology. Section IX discusses whether Hegel is open to the charge of begging the question against opponents by giving an analysis of consciousness in the Introduction. I close in section X by considering the problem of the completeness of the series of forms of consciousness Hegel presents.
Professional Development: A Qualitative Study of High Impact Characteristics Affecting Meaningful and Transformational Learning

Abstract Changes in the academic library landscape necessitate continual professional development for librarians. The library literature offers a plethora of advice about how to keep skills and knowledge up-to-date in this rapidly changing environment. Yet few large-scale studies have sought to understand the experiences of academic librarians as they seek out and participate in professional development that they consider to be meaningful or transformational to their careers. This study uses a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to understand these types of experiences. In the study, ten participants discuss professional development activities that they believe have had a meaningful or transformational impact on themselves and their careers. Their experiences are analyzed for common themes that may help others interested in professional development understand which characteristics of it may foster meaningful or transformational learning. The themes discussed that emerged most strongly from interviews with the participants include interaction, duration, reflection, discomfort, and self-awareness. Implications of and recommendations related to these themes are then explored.
A mobile robot with onboard parallel processor and large workspace arm

The MIT AI Lab's second mobile robot, MOBOT-2, has a number of unique design features. In this paper we describe two of them in detail. First, MOBOT-2 has an extremely cheap 32 processor distributed control system. The processor system, called BARNACLE, runs asynchronously with no central locus of control. Unlike almost all other parallel processors this one has no expensive communications routing network. The communication topology is determined by a distributed patch panel. All computing is done onboard the robot. Second, MOBOT-2 has an onboard arm. It is lightweight, but has an extremely large working volume. The arm is controlled by the parallel processor.
Design of a band-selective silicon photonic Fourier transform spectrometer using slow light

A silicon-photonic Fourier Transform Spectrometer is designed based on coupledmicroring resonators forming a slow-light waveguide, which scans the propagation delay electrically. The simulated device is compact, fast and achieves high spectral resolution in targeted bands.
Windowed Spaces in Charles Dickens's THE OLD CURIOSITY SHOP

“Touching the glass with his cheek, he listened again” (Dickens 531).Scholars of Charles Dickens's The Old Curiosity Shop often discuss little Nell, the imperfect woman-child, and her journey throu...
Prototyping the non-existent as a way to research and innovate: a proposal for a possible framework for design research and innovation.

Since design has made an argument on its ability to foresee possible future scenarios for the artifacts designers construct; one of the most important contemporary issues is the understanding of ho...
Functions, Domain, and Range

What is a function? You’ve probably gotten a definition of this somewhere along the way. We will state the definition of function in terms of relations, which is probably different than the way you have seen it stated.
Five-Year Experience of an Inpatient Palliative Care Unit at an Academic Referral Center.

Background:Palliative care units (PCUs) staffed by specialty-trained physicians and nurses have been established in a number of medical centers. The purpose of this study is to review the 5-year ex...
Lipoma Arborescens and Coexisting Psoriatic Arthritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Lipoma arborescens is a rare benign lesion characterized by villous lipomatous proliferation of the synovial membrane1-3. It is unclear whether it is inflammatory or neoplastic in origin. In 1953, Stout defined lipoma arborescens as a collection of fat beneath the synovial lining forming swollen villous projections4. While the etiology remains unknown, a non-neoplastic inflammatory origin is favored. It is well documented that the condition is often unilateral and that patients typically present with recurrent painless swelling of the affected joint(s)2,5. Bilateral cases involving the knee are rare6. Hoffa provided the first description in 19047. He described twenty-one patients with a bilateral inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia of articular adipose tissue with swelling around the patellar tendon. To the best of our knowledge, there have been six published case reports of bilateral involvement with associated psoriatic arthritis of these uncommon and unusual lesions3,6,8-11. Our case report supports an inflammatory etiology of lipoma arborescens. We present a forty-five-year-old man afflicted with bilateral lipoma arborescens of the knee with coexisting psoriatic arthritis. We also summarize the clinical, imaging, and histologic patterns for lipoma arborescens reported in the knee to help distinguish it from similar knee lesions. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent. A forty-five-year-old man with presumed psoriasis presented with a history of three years of bilateral knee pain and swelling. This pain was exacerbated by activity and was worse in the morning. He noted stiffness and was limited in the activities of daily living. The patient treated the pain with narcotics. He also had pain in the ankles and left elbow. He stated that he had been given a short …
Erratum: This Article Corrects: "Trends in Regionalization of Care for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction".

Author(s): Hsia, Renee Y.; Sabbagh, Sarah; Sarkar, Nandita; Sporer, Karl; Rokos, Ivan C.; Brown, John F.; Brindis, Ralph G.; Guo, Joanna; Shen, Yu-Chu
Schrödinger’s Currency: How Virtual Currencies Complicate the RIC and REIT Qualification Requirements

Internal Revenue Code (hereinafter “I.R.C.” or “the Code”) provisions governing Regulated Investment Companies (RICs) or “mutual funds” predate the internet by nearly half a century. The Investment Company Act of 1940 (hereinafter “the ‘40 Act”) followed four years thereafter. Twenty years later, I.R.C. § 856 was added; it contains very similar qualification requirements to Section 851 but is only applicable to investments in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Computers were in their infancy when RICs and REITs changed the way individuals invested. At that time, no one could have predicted the impact the internet would have on the world. Even more recently, virtual currency has emerged as a lucrative new way for individuals to invest their real-world cash, but tax policy has not caught up. In 2014, the Internal Revenue Service (hereinafter “the Service” or “the IRS”) declared that virtual currency will be treated as property—not currency—for federal income tax purposes. Other administrative agencies have taken a markedly different stance, classifying virtual currency as a commodity, or a security, although the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not yet taken a public position on the regulation of virtual currency. None of these characterizations adequately define virtual currency for the RIC or REIT context. The Code does not yet allow a security which is not regulated by the ‘40 Act to constitute a security for the purposes of the RIC or REIT qualification requirements. To qualify as a tax-favored RIC or REIT, (1) the entity must derive a high percentage of its income from certain enumerated sources (hereinafter “good” income), and (2) a certain percentage of its assets must be represented by cash, securities, and, in the case of REITs, real estate (hereinafter “good” assets). This paper explores the origin and justification of the “good” income and “good” asset qualification requirements or “tests.” The tests’ complete dependence on the ‘40 Act to classify qualifying securities can hinder the Service’s ability to adjust the tax rules to technological advancements. The paradigm should be driven by the Service’s classification of securities and other income and assets, wherein the ‘40 Act supplements the Code’s RIC and REIT qualification requirements but does not dictate them. As new technologies manifest, the Service will be able to address them quickly, thereby fostering investment in new technologies without the confusion or abuse attendant when technological advancements and the Tax Code collide.
In session extinction and outcome in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for PTSD.

Abstract Recent research emphasizes emotional engagement and between-session extinction, but no longer within-session extinction, as the primary mechanisms underlying exposure therapy for the treatment of PTSD. No previous studies have examined change in subjective units of distress (SUDS) in virtual reality exposure (VRE) for PTSD despite its potential facilitation of engagement (see McLay et al., 2012; Reger & Gahm, 2008). Using in session data from Rothbaum et al. (2014) we examined patterns of within- and between-session SUDS change in veterans receiving VRE for PTSD augmented by d -cycloserine, alprazolam, or placebo. The number of treatment sessions significantly predicted SUDS rating (t = −7.74, p
Continuous electrochemical heat engines

Given the large magnitude of energy in waste heat, its efficient conversion to electrical power offers a significant opportunity to lower greenhouse gas emissions. However, it has been difficult to optimize the performance of new direct energy conversion approaches because of the coupling between entropy change and thermal and electrical transport in continuously operating devices. With electrochemical cells driving flowing electrolytes in symmetric redox reactions at different temperatures, we demonstrate two continuous electrochemical heat engines that operate at 10–50 °C and at 500–900 °C, respectively. Simulations of kilowatt-scale systems using electrochemical cells stacked in series suggest efficiencies over 30% of the Carnot limit and areal power densities competitive with solid-state thermoelectrics at maximum power. Although entropy change, thermal transport and electrical transport are inherently coupled in solid-state thermoelectrics, they can be somewhat circumvented in electrochemical systems, thus offering new opportunities to engineer efficient energy conversion systems.
Pre-harvest sprouting resistance of soft winter wheat varieties and associated grain characteristics

Abstract The varietal differences in pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance and associated grain characteristics have yet to be understood. We tested the grains of 125–166 soft winter (SW) wheat varieties grown for three years for falling number (FN), α-amylase activity, and degree of sprouting (DS) under field sprouting (FS) and spike wetting conditions, and determined the characteristics of grain produced under non-FS conditions for two years. Eleven to 31 varieties exhibited FNs higher than 200 under spike wetting conditions, and 16 to 99 varieties exhibited FNs above 300 under FS conditions. Red wheat varieties showed significantly (p
Christianity’s Rigged Debate with Transhumanism

Today Christianity is maligned by secular transhumanists as the arch enemy of scientific rationality. This is a bizarre claim since Christianity provided the foundation for scientific discovery and technological progress since Antiquity. Only recently has Christianity come to be associated with irrationality, and only because a number of political and philosophical maneuvers removed Christianity from scientific and political power. Now Christianity is relegated to ethics—imagine the modern bioethicist—while science marches forward. As long as it remains on the sidelines of scientific progress, Christianity is easily silenced and villainized, and its unity with science shattered. To counter this trend, Christians need to strengthen their educational infrastructure by recovering the traditional theological vision that sees science as a vocation and technology as a channel of grace.
Disparities in treatment and survival among elderly ovarian cancer patients.

Abstract Objective To determine correlation between race and receipt of optimal treatment for ovarian cancer and the impact of this on overall survival. Methods Using SEER-linked Medicare database, women 66 and older diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer between 2002 and 2011 were identified. Patients with unclear histology, diagnosed on autopsy and without Medicare Parts A and B were excluded. We used Chi-square test for categorical variables, F test for continuous variables, and multivariable logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with receipt of surgery and chemotherapy. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival rates. Cox Proportional Hazards regression was performed to identify factors associated with 5-year survival. Results 9016 ovarian cancer patients were included. 2638 had primary chemotherapy, 4854 had primary surgery, and 1524 had no treatment. 7653 (84.9%) were white, 572 (6.3%) black, 479 (5.3%) Hispanic, and 312 (3.5%) were of other race/ethnicity. More white patients (57.2%) received both chemotherapy and surgery compared to black (39.9%), Hispanic (48.9%), or other (54.2%) (p Conclusions Non-white women are less likely to receive the standard of care treatment for ovarian cancer and more likely to die from their disease than white women.
Targeted therapy against VEGFR-1, -2, and -3 by AZD2171 blocks tumor growth and angiogenesis, and enhances paclitaxel efficacy in an orthotopic lung cancer model

2121 Introduction: Targeted therapies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling are currently being evaluated as a therapeutic approach for lung cancer. AZD2171 is a potent orally available small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGF receptors (VEGFR) -1, -2, and -3 that blocks angiogenesis and tumor growth. However, preclinical and clinical data suggest that antiangiogenic agents should be combined with conventional therapy for optimal treatment of advanced malignancies. We therefore evaluated the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of AZD2171 alone or combined with paclitaxel in an orthotopic mouse model of human lung cancer. Methods: Studies were performed in an orthotopic lung cancer model that closely mimics clinical patterns of lung cancer growth. Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (PC14) were injected into the left lungs of nude mice with lung tumors evident within 14 days. Mice (10/group) were randomized on day 14 after injection to treatment with AZD2171 (6 mg/kg/day po), paclitaxel (200 μg weekly ip), AZD2171 and paclitaxel, or vehicle. The experiment was terminated when control mice showed signs of morbidity. All animals were then sacrificed and assessed for tumor burden, pleural effusion and lymphatic metastasis. Tumor tissues were then subjected to immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Results: AZD2171 treatment significantly reduced lung tumor burden (P Conclusions: These data demonstrate that VEGF-receptor signaling blockade by AZD2171 inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in an orthotopic human lung adenocarcinoma model. The antitumor and antivascular effects of AZD2171 were substantially enhanced when AZD2171 was combined with paclitaxel. These findings provide support for continued study of AZD2171 with cytotoxic therapies and provide a basis for clinical trials of VEGFR blockade with chemotherapy.
Perceptions Versus Reality: A Comparative Analysis of Gender Equity Trends Within Academia and CRM in California

Abstract Despite an overall increase in participation by a more diverse population within the field of archaeology, the essential composition of individuals who hold the high-prestige/high-paid pos...
creation stories: survivance, sovereignty, and oil in MHA country

The Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikara Nation (Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold) is at ground zero of the Bakken oil boom. This paper explores the ramifications of exploiting that resource in relation to a traumatic recent past in which 153,000 acres of prime tribal real estate in the very heart of their ancestral homeland was appropriated under the auspices of the Pick-Sloan Plan by way of the Fort Berthold Taking Act of 1949. That land is now under the waters of Lake Sakakawea. The essay takes to heart Gerald Vizenor's notion that "all stories are creation stories"--even the stories that oil and water have to tell. In light of that, I include interviews with two members of MHA, who grew up with the legacy of the Taking and are now taking their place as leaders helping to shape--either through governance or constructive criticism--how the Tribes utilize the oil revenues in a way that is equitable, envrionmentally sound, and future oriented yet still grounded in traditional ways. These inerviews are supplemented by the legal scholarship of MHA member, Raymond Cross, who harkens back to the cultural genocide of the recent past in relation to the present circumstances of oil exploitation as a way to remind MHA, State and Federal governments that Tribal sovereignty is best protected when stewardship of the land base is the result of collaborative environmental policies, the soundness of which harkens back, in turn, to traditional values.
Constraints on energy of B 9 ( 1 / 2 + ) and C 10 ( 0 2 + )

The second ${0}^{+}$ state in $^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ and $^{10}\mathrm{B}$ is shown to be almost pure $(\mathit{sd}){}^{2}$ in character. Its energy puts a severe constraint on the possible location of the first $1/{2}^{+}$ state in $^{9}\mathrm{B}$, and on the location of $^{10}\mathrm{C}$ (${0}_{2}^{+}$).
Additively manufactured packed bed device for process intensification of CO2 absorption and other chemical processes

Abstract A 3D printed, structured packed-bed device has been developed to facilitate mass and heat transfer in multiphase-flow systems. This multifunctional device is compatible with commercially available packing elements used to effectively contact gas–liquid or liquid–liquid systems, and can be positioned along a packed bed to remove excess heat or supply thermal energy to a reactive system. The device is investigated for process intensification of CO2 absorption by aqueous amines. The design, manufacturing, and functional characterization of the device are reported here. Its hydrodynamic properties are measured and compared to a polymer print of the same design. Pressure drop measurements are obtained for a dry system at various gas flow rates and also for an irrigated system at six liquid flow rates. The heat transfer properties of the process intensification device were explored by studying the behavior of the temperature profile inside the column for a gas only system before and after cooling. The behavior of the temperature profile was subsequently studied for an irrigated system. In order to better understand the physical behavior of the system, we developed a rigorous heat-transfer model using MFIX, a multiphase computational fluid dynamics software, and compared modeling results to experimental data. The overall heat transfer coefficient under various flow conditions was determined to be between 32 and 35 W/°C-m2.
Epicardial Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Since the fi rst Cox maze procedure was performed in 1987, the success of the surgery has consistently been demonstrated by surgeons at many institutions. Despite the impressive outcomes, this surgery has not been widely adopted because of the complexity of the procedure. Development of energy sources to produce scar lines that replace the “cut-and-sew” incisions has generated interest in development of minimally invasive beating heart surgical approaches. Using these energy sources with only an epicardial, off-pump approach is still in the early state but is an area of intense clinical investigation. Hybrid approaches combine surgical epicardial ablation with endocardial catheter ablation by electrophysiologists to perform more of the Cox maze lesions and utilize mapping to ablate gaps. While early follow-up data suggest success rates of 85%, lesion sets to provide the best outcome are not yet defi ned. Data on the long-term effectiveness of these approaches are not yet available.
Efficient Mid-Infrared Electro-Optical Waveguide Modulators Using Ferroelectric Barium Titanate

Mid-Infrared (mid-IR) electro-optical (E-O) modulators are critical components in developing broadband optical communication since present E-O modulators were mainly operated in the near Infrared (NIR) range. Meanwhile, the conventional ferroelectric E-O material - lithium niobate (LiNbO3 or LN) has lower Pockels effect comparing to barium titanate (BaTiO3 or BTO). This work demonstrated an E-O modulator in the mid-IR region applying a BTO substrate with low-loss titanium dioxide (TiO2) waveguides. The TiO2 waveguide device was first fabricated on a Si wafer by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process. A fundamental waveguide mode was observed at λ = 2.5–02.7 μm, and an optical loss of 2.33 dB/cm was obtained. To achieve an efficient E-O modulation, the TiO2 waveguide was bonded with a BaTiO3 single crystalline wafer that has a strong Pockels effect. The measured E-O coefficient γeff at λ = 2.6 μm was 119.7pm/V, which is five times higher than the conventional LiNbO3 modulators, and a large modulation depth of 8.45 dB was accomplished.
An institutional scribe program increases productivity in a dermatology clinic

Abstract Electronic medical record systems improve communication between physicians but at the expense of a significant documentation burden. Professional and institutional medical scribe programs have been created to alleviate the burden of documentation and improve the utilization of physician time. Reports on the efficacy of scribes in dermatology practices are limited and only available for professional scribe services. To assess the efficacy of an institutionally implemented dermatology scribe program at a tertiary care dermatology clinic, a retrospective analysis of multiple clinic metrics from July 2016 to June 2019 was performed. The 3-year study period encompassed a 21-month pre-implementation period, 3-month transitional period, and 12-month post-implementation period. Since implementation of the scribe program, work relative value units per clinic have increased significantly (p
Data-Driven Optimal Voltage Regulation Using Input Convex Neural Networks

Abstract Fast time-scale voltage regulation is needed to enable high penetration of renewables in power distribution networks. A promising approach is to control the reactive power injections of inverters to maintain the voltages. However, existing voltage regulation algorithms require the exact knowledge of line parameters, which are not known for most distribution systems and are difficult to infer. In this work, by utilizing the convexity results of voltage regulation problem, we design an input convex neural network to learn the underlying mapping between the power injections and the voltage deviations. By using smart meter data, our proposed data-driven approach not only accurately fits the system behavior, but also provides a tractable and optimal way to find the reactive power injections. Various numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed voltage control scheme.
Psychological foundations of human status allocation

Competing theories of status allocation posit divergent conceptual foundations upon which human status hierarchies are built. We argue that the three prominent theories of status allocation-competence-based models, conflict-based models, and dual-pathway models-can be distinguished by the importance that they place on four key affordance dimensions: benefit-generation ability, benefit-generation willingness, cost-infliction ability, and cost-infliction willingness. In the current study, we test competing theoretical predictions about the relative centrality of each affordance dimension to clarify the foundations of human status allocation. We examined the extent to which American raters' (n = 515) perceptions of the benefit-generation and cost-infliction affordances of 240 personal characteristics predict the status impacts of those same personal characteristics as determined by separate groups of raters (n = 2,751) across 14 nations. Benefit-generation and cost-infliction affordances were both positively associated with status allocation at the zero-order level. However, the unique effects of benefit-generation affordances explained most of the variance in status allocation when competing with cost-infliction affordances, whereas cost-infliction affordances were weak or null predictors. This finding suggests that inflicting costs without generating benefits does not reliably increase status in the minds of others among established human groups around the world. Overall, the findings bolster competence-based theories of status allocation but offer little support for conflict-based and dual-pathway models.
Coordination of RuCl3(NO)(H2O)2 by imidazole, histidine and iminodiacetate ligands: a study of complexation of 'Caged NO' by simple bio-cellular donors

The 'caged NO' reagent, RuCl3NO(H2O)2, has been studied by n.m.r. and i.r. methods with imidazole, histidine, histamine, and N-methyliminodiacetate as complexing ligands. These ligands are representative of cellular donors that would be encountered as RuCl3NO(H2O)2 migrates through biological cells. [RuCl3NO(imH)(H2O)], [RuCl3(NO)(imH)2] and [RuCl2(NO)(imH)3]+ complexes (imH = imidazole) have been detected by 1H-n.m.r. and i.r. and electrospray mass spectrometry (e.s.i.–m.s.) methods. Based upon the effect of cis ligand addition on the ν(NO) frequency causing a decrease in frequency, the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes have the imidazole donors in the plane cis to the NO+ moiety, whereas the 1:3 species has the third imidazole trans to the NO+. The trans imidazole donor causes 'trans-strengthening' of the N–O bond of the {RuNO}6 chromophore. 1H-n.m.r. shows that the monodentate imidazole donor(s) is (are) in rapid exchange with free imidazole in solution for each of the n = 1–3 species. Histidine and histamine make kinetically more stable 1:1 complexes with the major isomer having an axially-coordinated histidine imidazole donor, but in-plane donation for histamine. The carboxylate of coordinated histidine remains pendant according to i.r. and 13C-n.m.r. data. From syntheses carried out at pH ca. 5, the amino donor is H-bonded to an in-plane H2O in the major species (ca. 75%) and coordinated with displacement of the in-plane H2O in the lesser isomer (25%). By contrast, the histamine ligand binds with an in-plane bound imidazole and a pendant protonated amino group (94%). The remaining 6% has an in-plane chelated histamine, analogous to the bis imidazole species and the known fac, cis-[RuCl3NO(en)] complex. N-Methyliminodiacetate is observed to form one main [RuCl(NO)(mida)(H2O)] complex (85%) with two chelated glycinato donor groups with RuCl3NO(H2O)2, one glycinato group chelated 'in-plane' with the central amine donor and one axial coordinated glycinato donor. A second [RuCl(NO)(mida)(H2O)] complex (the remaining 15%) has the amine donor trans to NO+ and chelated glycinato groups which coordinate in the RuClO2(OH2) plane, either cis or trans to each other, in a 60:40 split (ca. 9% and 6%). The presence of one Cl− and one H2O in the [RuCl(NO)(mida)(H2O)] complexes was established by e.s.i.–m.s. These results show that RuCl3NO(H2O)2 is likely to be freely mobile within a cellular environment, forming stable complexes via bidentate chelation with 'two-point' nitrogen donors (en, his, etc).
High-Throughput Sequencing can be used to Measure and Maximize Cultivated Diversity

Molecular techniques continue to reveal a growing disparity between the diversity of microbial life and the small proportion that is in pure culture. This disparity, originally dubbed "the great plate count anomaly", has become even more vexing given our increased understanding of the importance of microbiomes to a host and the role of microorganisms in the vital biogeochemical functions of our biosphere. Searching for novel antimicrobial drug targets often focuses on screening a broad diversity of microorganisms. If diverse microorganisms are to be screened, they need to be cultivated. Recent innovative research has used molecular techniques to assess the efficacy of cultivation efforts, providing invaluable feedback to cultivation strategies for isolating targeted and/or novel microorganisms. Here, we aimed to determine the efficiency of cultivating representative microorganisms from a non-human, mammalian microbiome, identify those microorganisms, and determine the bioactivity of isolates. Molecular methods indicated that around 57% of the ASVs detected in the original inoculum were cultivated in our experiments, but nearly 53% of the total ASVs that were present in our cultivation experiments were not detected in the original inoculum. Our data suggests that when molecular tools were used to characterize our cultivation efforts, they provided a more complete, albeit more complex, understanding of which organisms were present compared to what was eventually cultivated. Lastly, about 3% of the isolates collected from our cultivation experiments showed inhibitory bioactivity against a multidrug-resistant pathogen panel, further highlighting the importance of informing and directing future cultivation efforts with molecular tools.
An Unsupervised Learning Approach for In-Vehicle Network Intrusion Detection

In-vehicle networks remain largely unprotected from a myriad of vulnerabilities to failures caused by adversarial activities. Remote attacks on the SAE J1939 protocol based on controller access network (CAN) bus for heavy-duty ground vehicles can lead to detectable changes in the physical characteristics of the vehicle. In this paper, I develop an unsupervised learning approach to monitor the normal behavior within the CAN bus data and detect malicious traffic. The J1939 data packets have some text-based features that I convert to numerical values. In addition, I propose an algorithm based on hierarchical agglomerative clustering that considers multiple approaches for linkages and pairwise distances between observations. I present prediction performance results to show the effectiveness of this ensemble algorithm. In addition to in-vehicle network security, this algorithm is also transferrable to other cybersecurity datasets, including botnet attacks in traditional enterprise IP networks.
Healthy Aging Requires a Healthy Home Care Workforce: the Occupational Safety and Health of Home Care Aides

To identify important home care (HC) aide occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards and examine how addressing these can improve aide health and the delivery of HC services overall. Specifically, this review seeks to answer: Why is HC aide OSH important? What are the most significant OSH challenges? How can improving HC aide OSH also improve the safety and health of their clients? What implications do the findings have for future research? HC is one of the fastest growing US industries. Aides comprise its largest workforce and are increasingly needed to care for the rapidly aging population. There is an aide shortage due in part to instabilities in HC work organization and to serious job-specific hazards, resulting in aides losing work time. Recent social, economic, and technological factors are rapidly changing the nature of HC work, creating OSH hazards similar to those found in nursing homes. At the same time, aides are experiencing social and economic inequities that increase their vulnerability to OSH hazards. These hazards are also a burden on employers who are challenged to recruit, retain, and train aides. OSH injuries and illness interrupt the continuity of care delivery to clients. Many OSH hazards also put HC clients and families at risk. A new framework and methodologies are needed to assess aide and client safety together in order to guide future HC research, policies, and practices. Government, industry, and labor commitment is needed to fund and coordinate a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research program.
Jeffersonians in Power: The Rhetoric of Opposition Meets the Realities of Governing: edited by Joanne B. Freeman and Johann N. Neem, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019, Pp. 324, $39.50 (hbk), $39.50 (e-book), ISBN 9780813943053, ISBN 9780813943060

In his 2012 book The Mind of Thomas Jefferson, Peter Onuf sought to unpack the worldview of Jefferson and challenge other scholars “to engage in the rich and complex legacy he has left us” by inves...
Attitudes toward influenza vaccination improvement strategies in Veterans Affairs health care workers providing care for patients with spinal cord injuries and disorders: Acceptability of a declination form program.

Abstract Background Influenza is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most effective way to prevent influenza or severe consequences from the illness is vaccination, and key organizations recommend that all health care workers (HCWs) be vaccinated annually for influenza. Recent literature suggests declination form programs (DFPs) are a useful approach to improve HCW influenza vaccination rates. Objective To understand support for and beliefs about use of an influenza vaccination DFP, and how this is associated with HCW beliefs about other influenza vaccination improvement strategies. Methods Data were collected via a cross-sectional mailed national survey. Participants included HCWs providing care to Veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D) from 23 nationwide Veterans Affairs facilities. Analyses included bivariate analyses of outcomes among DFP supporters vs. non-supporters. Results Of the HCW respondents, 67% reported that they would support a DFP at their facility. A greater proportion of HCWs who support (vs. do not support) DFPs reported receiving an annual influenza vaccination (86.35% vs. 65.81%, p p p = 0.0156). HCWs who support DFPs were more likely to report a great deal of influence in almost all typical vaccination improvement campaign strategies on their decision to be vaccinated, and less likely to endorse commonly provided reasons for refusing vaccination as valid. Conclusion More HCWs who support DFPs engage in important influenza-related health behaviors (e.g., vaccination), and support other influenza vaccination improvement strategies. Facilities may benefit from implementing DFPs as part of their vaccination improvement campaign. Support for DFPs among HCWs is high, suggesting implementing this as a policy would be well-received by staff, and potentially effective in increasing HCW influenza vaccination.
Abstract 272: Divergent Neural Control of Blood Pressure vs Resting Metabolic Rate by Angiotensin: The Role of AT1A Signaling in Leptin-Sensitive Cells

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and leptin both contribute to resting metabolic rate (RMR) and blood pressure control, and thus may contribute to obesity-hypertension. Previously we demonstrated a required role for angiotensin AT1A receptors in the brain in RMR, and renal and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) responses to leptin. Here we tested the hypothesis that AT1A receptors, specifically localized to leptin-sensitive cells, are required for the blood pressure and RMR effects of brain ANG. The AT1A gene was conditionally disrupted in cells that express the long (b) form of the leptin receptor (ObRb-Cre x AT1Aflox mice; “KO”), and blood pressure was assessed by radiotelemetry under baseline and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt stimulated conditions. While 24-hr blood pressure (MAP; control n=10, 115 ± 4, vs KO n=9, 115 ± 6 mmHg) and heart rate (control n=10, 561 ± 9, vs KO 563 ± 11 BPM) were not different between control and KO mice, baroreflex sensitivity was significantly increased in KO mice at baseline (control n=6, 3.4 ± 0.7, vs KO n=6, 5.6 ± 0.5 msec/mmHg, P<0.05). DOCA-salt significantly increased MAP (control=8, 130 ± 4, vs KO n=7, 129 ± 3) and decreased baroreflex sensitivity (control=6, 3.0 ± 0.5, vs KO n=5, 2.8 ± 0.5, P<0.05 vs baseline) in all mice. In contrast, RMR responses to DOCA-salt were abolished in KO mice (baseline n=2, 0.2 ± 0.01, vs DOCA-salt n=2, 0.2 ± 0.02). We conclude that AT1A signaling specifically in leptin-sensitive cells is critically involved in RMR control, but is relatively dispensable for cardiovascular control. To further characterize the cells that mediate the leptin-AT1A interaction critical for RMR control, we performed immunohistochemical staining for adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in the arcuate nucleus of mice that express GFP via the AT1A promoter (“NZ44”). Complete lack of colocalization supports the conclusion that AT1A are not expressed by proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. In contrast, KO mice exhibit a baseline increase in glutamate decarboxylase mRNA in the arcuate nucleus, consistent with a possible localization of AT1A upon agouti related peptide (AgRP) neurons. AT1A may therefore suppress AgRP neuron γ-aminobutyric acid production and thus disinhibit POMC neuronal activity, to ultimately stimulate RMR.
Mastering survivorship: How brands facilitate the transformation to heroic survivor

Abstract This study investigates the identity transformation from mere survivor to heroic survivor of cancer. Utilizing a multi-method approach, interviews with seventeen female cancer survivors and five blog analyses, this research sheds light on the processes involved in the transformation from mere survivor to heroic survivor and the integral role of brands in this transformation process. Brands are used to signal heroism to the self (inward expression) and to others (outward expression) as well as to combat countervailing forces that deter the survivor's progress toward mastery of a heroic identity. The findings provide a rich understanding of the heroic archetype and its centrality to the mastery of survivorship. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for brand managers, giving attention to the importance of consumer–brand relationships.
Endocannabinoid-like N-arachidonoyl serine is a novel pro-angiogenic mediator

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE N-arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S) is a recently identified endocannabinoid-like lipid with weak affinity for the fully characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV-1). ARA-S induces vasodilatation and shows vasoprotective potential via activation of key signalling pathways in endothelial cells. Based on these findings, the effect of ARA-S on endothelial functions was further studied. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) were used to investigate effects of ARA-S (0-10 µM) on certain endothelial functions, using cell proliferation, migration and wound repair models in vitro, and angiogenesis assays in vitro and ex vivo. Selective CB receptor antagonists and specific siRNAs were deployed to block individual CB receptors. KEY RESULTS We found that ARA-S stimulated angiogenesis and endothelial wound healing through induction of vascular endothelial growth factor C and its cognate receptor expression in primary HMVEC. Moreover, knock-down of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) partly inhibited ARA-S-induced signal transduction and endothelial functions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate that ARA-S is a pro-angiogenic factor in addition to a vessel dilator. The GPR55 receptor may serve as one target of ARA-S.
Holy War in Henry Fifth

Joel Altman calls Henry V 'the most active dramatic experience Shakespeare ever offered his audience'.1 The experience climaxes at the end of the final battle with the arrival of news of victory. Here the king orders that two hymns be sung while the dead are buried, the 'Non Nobis' and the 'Te Deum'. In his 1989 film, Kenneth Branagh underlines the theatrical emphasis of this implicit stage direction. He extends the climax for several minutes by setting Patrick Doyle's choral-symphonic rendition of the 'Non Nobis' hymn behind a single tracking shot that follows Henry as he bears the dead body of a boy across the corpsestrewn field of Agincourt. The idea for this operatic device was supplied by Holinshed, who copied it from Halle, who got the story from a chain of traditions that originated in the event staged by the real King Henry in 1415. Henry himself took instruction from another book, the Bible.2
Subjective Frames and Rational Choice: Transnational Crime and the Case of Human Trafficking

This article theorizes that subjective frames are crucial in shaping how and where the globalization of law takes place. We argue that human trafficking has been cast as a serious transnational crime issue, and that this frame has accounted for the relatively swift diffusion of policies of criminalization around the world. The transnational crime frame has encouraged states to focus on the negative externalities associated with human trafficking. Once accepted, this frame encourages states rationally to imitate the policies of states to whose policies they are especially sensitive. We test this conditional rationality argument using GPS data on road connectivity and find that policies of neighbors weighted by the density of transborder roads clearly and consistently predicts the diffusion of both criminalization of human trafficking in national law and the ratification of the Human Trafficking Protocol. We also support our argument with evidence that countries are surprisingly sensitive to information about these externalities as well as pressure from powerful states. We interpret these results as affirming the importance of frames in international political and sociological processes, but believe they are in tension with widely accepted theories of sociological institutionalism to the extent that the latter emphasizes the quasi-rational character of certain manifestations of institutional isomorphism. We suggest that the notion of conditional rationality – with its emphasis on the framing of the issue – better captures how policies diffuse internationally.
Regulation of UCP1 and UCP3 in arctic ground squirrels and relation with mitochondrial proton leak

Uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 (UCP1) catalyzes a proton leak in brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria that results in nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), but the extent to which UCP homologs mediate N...
Static Detection of Vulnerabilities in x86 Executables

In the last few years, several approaches have been proposed to perform vulnerability analysis of applications written in high-level languages. However, little has been done to automatically identify security-relevant flaws in binary code. In this paper, we present a novel approach to the identification of vulnerabilities in x86 executables in ELF binary format. Our approach is based on static analysis and symbolic execution techniques. We implemented our approach in a proof-of-concept tool and used it to detect taint-style vulnerabilities in binary code. The results of our evaluation show that our approach is both practical and effective.