cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Choline/Creatine Ratio in Five Benign Neoplasms: Comparison with Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Use of in Vitro MR Spectroscopy

BACKGROUD AND PURPOSE: The choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr) ratio has been shown to be a reliable proton MR spectroscopy metabolic marker for differentiating squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) from normal muscle in the upper aerodigestive tract. However, it is unclear whether the Cho/Cr ratio can be used to differentiate a malignant tumor from a benign neoplasm in the extracranial head and neck. Our purpose was to determine whether the Cho/Cr ratio can be used to differentiate benign from malignant tumors in this region. METHODS: In vitro one-dimensional proton MR spectroscopy (2000/136,272 [TR/TE]) was performed at 11 T on tissue specimens obtained from glomus tumors (n = 3), inverting papilloma (n = 1), and schwannoma (n = 1). Cho/Cr area ratios were calculated and compared with similar, previously reported in vitro (11 T) findings and with samples of SCCA and normal muscle. RESULTS: The Cho/Cr ratio was elevated in relation to muscle in all benign tumors at TE = 136 (glomus tumors = 4.52, inverting papilloma = 3.85, schwannoma = 2.2) and at TE = 272 (glomus tumors = 8.01, inverting papilloma = 2.1, schwannoma = 4.28). The average Cho/Cr ratio for benign lesions was 3.92 (TE = 136) and 6.11 (TE = 272). The Cho/Cr ratio was significantly higher in benign tumors than in both SCCA and muscle. The average Cho/Cr ratio for muscle at TEs of 136 and 272 was 1.16 and 1.31, respectively, whereas for SCCA the average Cho/Cr ratio at TEs of 136 and 272 was 1.67 and 2.45, respectively. CONCLUSION: In our small group, the Cho/Cr ratio was significantly higher in benign tumors than in muscle and SCCA of the extracranial head and neck.
Sperm Bioenergetics in a Nutshell

Goodson et al. used a battery of glycolysable and nonglycolysable metabolic substrates to analyze the contribution of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in ATP formation, sperm motility, hyperactivation, and the capacitation-associated increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
Thrombophilia Testing in Women with Venous Thrombosis: The 4 P's Approach

Prothrombotic disorders combine with environmental risk factors to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). For example, heterozygous factor V Leiden, present in about 5% of whites, increases the incidence rate of VTE in young women from 1 in 10 000 annually to about 4–7 in 10 000. If a young woman with factor V Leiden is obese, the incidence becomes 8–14 in 10 000 (1). If she is taking oral contraceptives, incidence is 34 in 10 000 (2). Among middle-aged women, VTE incidence is higher since VTE risk rises with age. Women in their 50s with factor V Leiden have about a 4 in 1000 annual risk of VTE, which rises to about 1% annually with use of postmenopausal estrogen plus progestin (3) and about 3% if there is a family history of thrombosis (4). There are unanswered questions on how to utilize knowledge of prothrombotic conditions to manage both men and women. Most experts agree that indiscriminate testing has limited clinical value. For patients with VTE, there are no large-scale studies of the clinical impact of testing (5), yet the epidemiologic literature allows us to devise a rational approach. Key topics to consider include the definition of thrombophilia testing, the rationale for testing, and how to test in a clinically useful way. Thrombophilia testing refers to laboratory testing performed to identify propensity to thrombosis. In our practice, we use a panel of assays to detect conditions associated with first or recurrent VTE; genetic tests for factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A; activity assays for protein C, protein S, antithrombin, factor VIII coagulant activity, and d-dimer; and assessment for antiphospholipid syndrome using the dilute viper venom time, partial thromboplastin time, and cardiolipin antibody serology (6). Among VTE patients, we developed a 4-component strategy for thrombophilia testing …
Effect of Carbonated Water on Growth Performance of Cockerels Subjected to Constant and Cyclic Heat Stress Temperatures

Three growth trials were performed to determine the effect of carbonated water on growth performance of cockerels subjected to heat stress temperatures. In Trial 1, a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design was used to test growth performance of Columbian crossbred cockerels between 8 and 11 weeks of age. The birds were subjected to either cyclic (day-night) heat stress (H) temperature (29 to 34 C) or cyclic (day-night) moderate (M) temperature (25 to 29 C), fed either a corn soy grower (G) diet or a 20% alfalfa diet (A), and provided with tap (TW) or carbonated (CW) drinking water. In Trial 2, a 2 X 4 X 2 factorial was used to access the effect of CW on growth performance of Hubbard cockerels between 4 and 7 weeks of age. Birds were grown in the M or H cyclic thermal environments with dietary treatments consisting of A, G, A plus 1% sodium bicarbonate (AB) and G plus 1% sodium bicarbonate (GB). In Trial 3, a 2 X 2 factorial was used to test the effect of CW on growth performance of Hubbard cockerels fed the G diet and subjected to either constant heat stress (33 C) or thermoneutral (25 C) temperatures. A 24-hr photoperiod was used in each experiment. In all three trials, heat stress reduced (P less than .05) average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and feed efficiency (G/F).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluating quality of yellow alkaline noodles made from mechanically abraded sprouted wheat

Five hard red spring wheat genotypes, with initial falling numbers (FNs) ranging from 62 to 427 s, were mechanically abraded for 30, 60, and 120 s to reduce sequentially α-amylase activity in the grain. Mechanical abrasion prior to milling significantly increased FN and reduced amylase activity in pre-harvest sprouted wheat. The abraded grains were milled and the resultant flour samples were evaluated for starch gelatinization properties and yellow alkaline noodle (YAN) quality. Mechanical abrasion on sprouted kernels resulted in significant improvements in starch pasting properties accompanied by marginal decreases in flour ash and protein contents. Initial noodle brightness L* improved in most samples with mechanical abrasion. However, L* values dropped significantly during storage, with the greatest decline seen in the highly sprouted sample. Noodle cooking and textural qualities were relatively unaffected by sprout damage or mechanical abrasion, possibly due to amylase inhibition by the carbonate salts present in the formula. Mechanical abrasion prior to milling was found to reduce amylase activity significantly in moderately sprouted wheat. YAN, however, showed high tolerance to sprout damage, and produced noodles of acceptable texture without mechanical abrasion. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
The relationship of prions and translation

Prions are infectious proteins, without the need for an accompanying nucleic acid. Nonetheless, there are connections of prions with translation and RNA, which we explore here. Most prions are based on self-propagating amyloids. The yeast [PSI+] prion is an amyloid of Sup35p, a subunit of the translation termination factor. The normal function of the Sup35p prion domain is in shortening the 3 polyA of mRNAs and thus in mRNA turnover. The [ISP+] prion is so named because it produces antisuppression, the opposite of the effect of [PSI+]. Another connection of prions with translation is the influence on prion propagation and generation of ribosome-associated chaperones, the Ssbs, and a chaperone activity intrinsic to the 60S ribosomal subunits.
A cross-layer approach for concurrent delay and throughput assurances in multihop wireless hotspots

Next generation Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN's) are likely to require multihop wireless connections between mobile nodes and Internet gateways to achieve high data rates from larger distances. The paper addresses the challenges in concurrently providing a wide range of end-to-end throughput and delay assurances in such mobile multihop WLAN hotspots. The proposed solution is based on the Neighborhood Proportional Delay Differentiation (NPDD) service model. With NPDD, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) based applications achieve their desired throughputs using a dynamic class selection mechanism. This approach integrates well with the NPDD-based end-to-end delay assurance mechanism proposed earlier. To better model the node mobility in a multihop hotspot in our simulation studies, the Public Hotspot Mobility (PHM) model is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed solution is better in meeting the desired throughputs and delays as compared with best effort and strict priority approaches. Recent theoretical analyses show that the NPDD model with a continuous range of classes can guarantee convergence to desirable QoS through dynamic class selection. However, the overhead of realizing the continuous class scheduler is high. We propose two continuous NPDD schedulers, the Single Queue Continuous NPDD (SQ-CNPDD) scheduler and the Multiple Queue Continuous NPDD (MQ-CNPDD) scheduler, to realize the continuous NPDD model. With simulations, the performance of SQ-CNPDD and MQ-CNPDD are compared to that of NPDD.
HSF1 granules: a novel stress-induced nuclear compartment of human cells

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the ubiquitous stress-responsive transcriptional activator which is essential for the inducible transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones. HSF1 localizes within the nucleus of cells exposed to heat shock, heavy metals, and amino acid analogues, to form large, irregularly shaped, brightly staining granules which are not detected during attenuation of the heat shock response or when cells are returned to their normal growth conditions. The kinetics of detection of HSF1 granules parallels the transient induction of heat shock gene transcription. HSF1 granules are also detected using an HSF1-Flag epitope tagged protein or a chimeric HSF1-green fluorescent protein which reveals that these nuclear structures are stress-induced and can be detected in living cells. The spatial organization of HSF1 granules in nuclei of stressed cells reveals that they are novel nuclear structures which are stress-dependent and provides evidence that the nucleus undergoes dynamic reorganization in response to stress.
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the Mdm2 promoter and risk of sepsis

Abstract Background The Mdm2 -SNP309(T/G) polymorphism has been shown to upregulate transcription of Mdm2 and subsequently attenuate the p53 pathway. Its role in regulating the human response to acute illness has not been reported. Methods Patients from the surgical intensive care unit were prospectively enrolled. SNP309 genotype was determined, and a genotype-based comparison of clinical outcomes was performed. Results Of the 85 enrolled patients, 41 had wild type (T/T) and 44 had mutant (32 T/G and 12 G/G) genotypes. The mutant-genotype group tended to have a longer LOS in both the surgical intensive care unit ( P = .40) and the hospital ( P = .08), but these trends did not reach significance. No observable genotype-based differences were noted in any other measured parameters. Conclusions The Mdm2 -SNP309(G) allele may be associated with longer LOS. However, it does not appear to influence any other clinical characteristics, nor can it be used to predict clinical outcome.
Eudaimonic wellbeing: A tool toward healthy aging

The occupational therapy (OT) process uses meaningful occupations to assist individuals to regain function and resume occupational roles within cultural and societal norms. OT that is client-centred and addresses an individual's priorities related to achieving an overall sense of wellbeing can be more effective than interventions that focus solely on the accomplishment of performance skills. The concept of eudaimonic wellbeing (EWB) can be used by occupational therapists to support productive aging for community-dwelling elders. How can OT education and practice support EWB and acknowledge the individual's ability to (a) define subjective wellbeing and (b) select occupations to direct OT process? This paper presents educational activities used in an OTA program that considers EWB. A case study provides evidence that acknowledges the individual's ability to self-define healthy aging and identify occupations that contribute to EWB which can be used to direct the OT process to achieve a positive outcome.
Seven-coordinate Co(II), Fe(II) and six-coordinate Ni(II) amide-appended macrocyclic complexes as ParaCEST agents in biological media.

The solution chemistry and solid-state structures of the CoII, FeII, and NiII complexes of 7,13-bis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane (L) are reported as members of a new class of paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) MRI contrast agents that contain transition metal ions. Crystallographic data show that nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms of the macrocyclic ligand coordinate to the metal ions to generate complexes with distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry for [Co(L)]Cl2·2H2O or [Fe(L)](CF3SO3)2. The NiII complex [Ni(L)](CF3SO3)2·H2O features a hexadentate ligand in a distorted octahedral geometry. The proton NMR spectra of all three complexes show highly dispersed and relatively sharp proton resonances. The complexes were further characterized by monitoring their dissociation under biologically relevant conditions including solutions containing phosphate and carbonate, ZnCl2, or acidic conditions. Solutions of the paraCEST agents in 20 mM N-(2-hydroxyethyl...
Endogenous Energy Losses of Fed Versus Fasted Roosters

Abstract A series of experiments was conducted to determine the influence of energy intake on the endogenous energy excretion of Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) roosters. In the first study, 0, 12.5, and 25.0 g of a 50% glucose-corn starch mixture were each fed to 32 roosters previously fasted for 24 hr. Energy and nitrogen excretion for the 24 hr postfeeding decreased significantly as energy intake was increased. In the second study, eight SCWL roosters were assigned to each of six feeding regimens: fasted, 20 g glucose, 20 g yellow corn, 20 g yellow corn plus 20 g glucose, 20 g soybean meal, and 20 g soybean meal plus 20 g glucose. Energy and nitrogen excretion for the 24-hr postfeeding period were determined. Roosters receiving glucose voided less energy and nitrogen than did those in corresponding treatments without glucose. This reduction was significant (P These results suggest that endogenous energy loss is inversely related to level of energy intake, presumably due to a sparing effect on the catabolism of body tissue. Possible implications of this effect on true metabolizable energy assays are discussed.
More a Chasm Than a Gap, But Do Scholars Want to Bridge It?

What most strikes me in thinking about how to bridge the gap between academics and policymakers is how rarely this question is asked anymore. Indeed, the question itself is based on two presumptions: that there is a gap, and that the gap is unfortunate and ought to be bridged. That a gap exists is indisputable. In fact, it is more a chasm than a gap, and the distance between policy and scholarship is growing. The gap reflects a fundamental difference in the pursuits and perspectives of the two communities. Academics are interested in creating and testing broad generalizations, in developing general theory about international relations. A bureaucrat, on the other hand, wants to know what he or she should do today, or maybe this week, or this month. A bureaucrat wants specific advice, not general theory, and a scholar who aspires to make a mark on policy would say, in effect, "Here's the theory and here's what you should do before you go home tonight." Most academics are reluctant to take this step. So even if Alexander George's presumption of a gap is valid, his assertion that the gap is a bad thing and ought to be bridged is not widely shared within the academic community. These are very different cultures, academic life and government service, and a growing number of political scientists in particular seem to believe that policy is irrelevant to their discipline. Every year fewer papers at International Studies Association and American Political Science Association conventions seem to deal with policy relevant topics-what to do about Bosnia, what to do about NATO, how to deal with Russia. A growing number are very abstract and far removed from the policy process. Scholars, in other words, accept the gap between scholarship and policy and are very comfortable with it. The reasons for this are many. There is a perception that people in the policy community do not appreciate what academics do. More importantly, the reward structure of the academy does not promote policy research; narrowly applied policy research is not likely to get a scholar academic tenure. The separation of departments of political science from schools of public policy has increased the gap between theory and action even further.
Elucidating the role of vegetation in the initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides: Insights from an extreme rainfall event in the Colorado Front Range

More than 1100 debris flows were mobilized from shallow landslides during a rainstorm from September 9-13, 2013 in the Colorado Front Range, with the vast majority initiating on sparsely vegetated, south-facing terrain. To investigate the physical processes responsible for the observed aspect control, we made measurements of soil properties on a densely forested north-facing hillslope and a grassland-dominated south-facing hillslope in the Colorado Front Range and performed numerical modeling of transient changes in soil pore water pressure throughout the rainstorm. Using the numerical model, we quantitatively assessed interactions among vegetation, rainfall interception, subsurface hydrology, and slope stability. Results suggest that apparent cohesion supplied by roots was responsible for the observed connection between debris flow initiation and slope aspect. Results suggest that future climate-driven modifications to forest structure could substantially influence landslide hazards throughout the Front Range and similar water-limited environments where vegetation communities may be more susceptible to small variations in climate.
Septal Reduction Therapy for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Sudden Death: What Statistics Cannot Tell You

There is a subset of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction who have severely limiting symptoms despite optimal medical therapy.1 Septal reduction therapy, consisting of a surgical procedure (septal myectomy) or a catheter-based therapy (alcohol septal ablation), has been used to treat this subset of patients. A successful procedure will abolish the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and result in dramatic relief of symptoms, allowing these patients with severe debilitation to return to a near-normal lifestyle. Article see p 97 For most of these medication-refractory patients, septal myectomy has been considered the “gold standard” for treatment.2 Since its first introduction in the 1960s, there has been a continued decrease in operative mortality and an increase in overall success rate primarily due to improvements in operative technique and myocardial protection. In the hands of experienced surgeons, the mortality for an isolated septal myectomy is 90% of patients are able to achieve sustained clinical improvement. Modern data also support that survival is equivalent to the general population after successful septal myectomy.3 Alcohol septal ablation emerged in the mid-1990s as a percutaneous alternative to septal myectomy.4 There was a high initial enthusiasm for alcohol septal ablation because early results demonstrated that relief of obstruction and improvement of symptoms could be accomplished with a low procedural complication rate.5 Although surgical myectomy was limited to a few tertiary referral centers, many catheterization laboratories across the world began to perform alcohol septal ablation. However, after the introduction of alcohol septal ablation, case reports emerged describing the occurrence of potentially lethal arrhythmias on follow-up.6,7 MRI scanning with gadolinium enhancement demonstrated a large “scar” in the myocardium at the site of the alcohol ablation, signifying a localized myocardial infarction.8 There was concern that creation of …
Comprehensive investigation of transport refrigeration life cycle climate performance

Abstract This paper presents the comprehensive investigations for the total lifetime CO 2 -equivalent emissions for food transport refrigeration system under various influencing factors. The new R404A alternative refrigerant—R452A, is investigated to provide an improved environmental performance. With a lower global warming potential (GWP = 1945), which is around half GWP of the currently existing R404A, R452A can make a 5–15% emission reduction for the food transport refrigeration system. In the R452A system, reducing the ambient temperature from 90 °F (32 °C) to 60 °F (15.5 °C) can produce up to 60% emission reduction for the fresh product case while 39% reduction for the frozen. Decreasing the annual leak rate from 25% to 10% can give a 13% emission reduction for the R452A fresh product case while 4% reduction for the frozen. Increasing the food product refrigerating temperature (evaporating temperature) set-point from −10 °F (−23 °C) to 50 °F (10 °C) can lead to more than 80% emission reduction. In addition, a 15% annual insulation degrade rate can provide a 13% emission reduction for the fresh and 14% for the frozen. Moreover, the Cycle Sentry running mode can result in a 14–21% emission saving than the Continuous. Furthermore, the sunny/cloudy conditions, system efficiency improvement rate, and alternative transport refrigeration technologies other than the conventional hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) based vapour compression refrigeration systems, are also investigated to explore the possibility to minimize environmental impacts.
Social network analysis

Explores connections and patterns created by the aggregated interactions in Facebook pages during disaster responses.Analyzes social media data from the Facebook page of city of Baton Rouge during the 2016 Louisiana flood (Aug 12Dec 1, 2016).Analyzes social roles and key players using social network analysis.Study recommends actions to improve the effectiveness of information diffusion via social media. Social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, plays a critical role in disaster management by propagating emergency information to a disaster-affected community. It ranks as the fourth most popular source for accessing emergency information. Many studies have explored social media data to understand the networks and extract critical information to develop a pre- and post-disaster mitigation plan.The 2016 flood in Louisiana damaged more than 60,000 homes and was the worst U.S. disaster after Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Parishes in Louisiana actively used their social media to share information with the disaster-affected community e.g., flood inundation map, locations of emergency shelters, medical services, and debris removal operation. This study applies social network analysis to convert emergency social network data into knowledge. We explore patterns created by the aggregated interactions of online users on Facebook during disaster responses. It provides insights to understand the critical role of social media use for emergency information propagation. The study results show social networks consist of three entities: individuals, emergency agencies, and organizations. The core of a social network consists of numerous individuals. They are actively engaged to share information, communicate with the city of Baton Rouge, and update information. Emergency agencies and organizations are on the periphery of the social network, connecting a community with other communities. The results of this study will help emergency agencies develop their social media operation strategies for a disaster mitigation plan.
Distraction: Friend or Foe

The classic image in the psychology of driver-car interaction is that of a driver that wants to pay attention to the road: the job of designers is to avoid drawing the driver’s attention away from the road. A number of changes in drivers and cars makes this approach obsolete. Specifically, the following questions are pertinent: • Do drivers want to pay attention to the road? • Can drivers pay attention to the road? • Is attention/distraction the right metric for assessing the effects (positive or negative) of design? • How do new interfaces necessitate a change in our thinking about attention/distraction? • How do fully automated (autonomous) and partially automated vehicles necessitate a change in our thinking about attention/distraction? • How can interface design improve driver attention/performance (as opposed to merely reducing attentional demands)?
Cellular Migration May Exhibit Intrinsic Left-Right Asymmetries: A meta-analysis

The intracellular model of embryonic left-right (LR) asymmetry proposes that body laterality originates from intrinsic chiral properties of individual cells, and several recent studies identified consistent chirality in the behavior of cells in vitro. Here, we explored one prediction of the intrinsic asymmetry model: that LR asymmetries would be present in a wide range of mammalian cells, manifesting in the form of LR-biased migration toward an attractant. We mined data from published papers on galvanotaxis and chemotaxis and quantitatively analyzed the migration trajectories of adult somatic cells, stem cells, and cancer cells to determine whether they display significant consistent LR biases in their movements toward migration targets. We found that several cell types exhibited LR biases during galvanotaxis and chemotaxis, and that treatments inhibiting cytoskeletal remodeling or targeting ion channel activity both abolished these LR biases. While we cannot conclusively rule out the existence of subtle biasing cues in the apparatus of some of the studies, the analysis of this dataset suggests specific assays and cell types for further investigation into the chiral aspects of intrinsic cell behavior.
There Is More to Seeing Than Meets the Eye

In this and subsequent chapters we will consider a cluster of concepts having to do with observation. Notions like seeing, witnessing, noticing, attending, evidence, data, facts … will be inspected, sometimes at close range, sometimes from far off.
Ecological Succession via Gentrification: The Response of Incumbent Entrepreneurs

Recent residential and commercial development patterns indicate resurgent movement into America's urban central-city areas. This paper examines the responses of incumbent ethnic-enclave entrepreneurs to these environmental changes. Drawing on extant theory, the paper reviews traditionally argued advantages of a business's location in ethnic enclaves and discusses potential limitations of these approaches. The paper develops preliminary hypotheses of incumbent response to neighborhood change, and these ideas are tested through a qualitative study of incumbent business owners in an ethnic enclave undergoing demographic transition. Findings indicate a pattern of responses that match Hirschman's (1970) Exit, Voice and Loyalty framework.
Sugar Turns Bacteria Sweet: A Peace Offering in the Gut.

Following an infection, a subset of individuals can remain disease free despite harboring a pathogen for a prolonged period. In this issue of Cell, Sanchez et al. demonstrate that a metabolically favorable host response can drive an otherwise lethal bacterial pathogen to abandon virulence and become a commensal microorganism.
Survival benefit of systemic chemotherapy given as adjuvant (ACT) after thoracic surgery for N0-1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) with synchronous brain metastasis (SBM).

8525Background: Pts with solitary SBM and otherwise early-stage NSCLC demonstrate prolonged survival with surgical resection of both primary and metastatic disease. The role of “ACT” after thoracic...
Myth-Busting the DIEP Flap and an Introduction to the Abdominal Perforator Exchange (APEX) Breast Reconstruction Technique: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Review

Background:Anatomical variations in perforator arrangement may impair the surgeon’s ability to effectively avoid rectus muscle transection without compromising flap perfusion in the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap.Methods:A single surgeon’s experience was reviewed with consecu
Event Report Sunrayce 95

Thirty-six university teams from Canada, Mexico and the United States raced their solar-powered cars from Indiana to Colorado during June 1995. The event, called Sunrayce 95, is designed to provide a stimulating educational opportunity for students of science and engineering, while educating the public about the exciting prospect of environmentally clean photovoltaic energy. The race was the fastest and closest ever for a collegiate solar-car event, with the winner decided by only 19 minutes and one team averaging over 80 kph for 1 day of the race.
The 25th Amendment: A Selective Annotated Bibliography

This selective bibliography is intended to assist legal researchers in researching the 25th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.1 In addition to Article II, Clause 6, and the Presidential Succession...
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Eyelid and Conjunctival Malignancies

In the 1990s, the technique of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy was developed as a less morbid alternative to elective lymphadenectomy. SLN biopsy is based on the principle that cutaneous lesions drain to the regional lymph nodes before metastasizing distantly and that the disease status of the first node or first few nodes in the lymphatic chain to which the tumor drains carries valuable prognostic information. As many malignancies in the periocular region have the potential to metastasize to the regional lymph nodes, sentinel lymph node biopsy has been evaluated for identification of early microscopic lymph node metastasis in patients with cancers of the eyelid and conjunctiva. This chapter summarizes the anatomic and technical considerations and indications for SLN biopsy in the periocular region and will review the published reports to date on this topic and important relevant recent reports on sentinel lymph node biopsy in general and also on implications for adjuvant therapy particularly for melanoma patients.
Ovotransferrin fibril-stabilized Pickering emulsions improve protection and bioaccessibility of curcumin.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate protection and bioaccessibility of curcumin in ovotransferrin (OVT) fibril-stabilized Pickering emulsions. Curcumin protection of OVT fibril-stabilized emulsions against ultraviolet light exposure was studied. OVT fibril-stabilized Pickering emulsion at an ionic strength of 1000 mM provided the best curcumin protection. OVT fibril-stabilized Pickering emulsion at pH 6 provided better curcumin protection than those at pH 2 and 4. Afterwards, digestion of OVT fibril-stabilized curcumin emulsion was investigated in both TNO dynamic digestion model (TIM-1) and pH-stat static digestion model. In terms of TIM-1 result, curcumin bioaccessibility in OVT fibril-stabilized emulsion increased by 129% when compared with that in bulk oil. In pH-stat digestion model, curcumin bioaccessibility increased by 114% after formulated into OVT fibril-stabilized droplets, which was due to higher extent of lipolysis. Interestingly, both TIM-1 and pH-stat digestion models gave almost consistent measurements of improved percentage in curcumin bioaccessibility. Curcumin bioaccessibility of the emulsion in TIM-1 and pH-stat model was 15.3% and 33.8% respectively, indicating bioaccessibility overestimation in pH-stat model. The novel findings in this work could facilitate designing food-grade Pickerinng emulsion with excellent nutraceutical protection and enhanced nutraceutical bioaccessibility.
Optical control of protein phosphatase function

Protein phosphatases are involved in embryonic development, metabolic homeostasis, stress response, cell cycle transitions, and many other essential biological mechanisms. Unlike kinases, protein phosphatases remain understudied and less characterized. Traditional genetic and biochemical methods have contributed significantly to our understanding; however, these methodologies lack precise and acute spatiotemporal control. Here, we report the development of a light-activated protein phosphatase, the dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6 or MKP3). Through genetic code expansion, MKP3 is placed under optical control via two different approaches: (i) incorporation of a caged cysteine into the active site for controlling catalytic activity and (ii) incorporation of a caged lysine into the kinase interaction motif for controlling the protein-protein interaction between the phosphatase and its substrate. Both strategies are expected to be applicable to the engineering of a wide range of light-activated phosphatases. Applying the optogenetically controlled MKP3 in conjunction with live cell reporters, we discover that ERK nuclear translocation is regulated in a graded manner in response to increasing MKP3 activity. Protein phosphatases play an essential role in signal transduction, but are understudied due to the difficulties in detecting phosphate removal and the lack of good inhibitors. Here the authors develop a light-activated protein phosphatase using photocaged, unnatural amino acids and use it to study ERK nuclear translocation.
Evaluation of Sacral Nerve Stimulation Device Revision and Explantation in a Single Center, Multidisciplinary Study

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with revision or removal of a sacral nerve stimulation device for treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction or fecal incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a single-center multidisciplinary retrospective cohort study conducted at a university hospital from January 2013 through October 2017. Subjects who underwent successful sacral neuromodulation were identified via procedural codes. Clinical and demographic data regarding device revision or removal were extracted from the medical record. When testing differences between groups, t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables. Categorical variables were compared by Chi-square test. Risk factors with a p value <0.2 in univariate investigation were included in the multivariate analysis. Logistic regression modeling was used to compare associations between risk factors and re-operation rates. RESULTS Of the 219 subjects analyzed, 35 (16%) had revision or explantation of the sacral nerve stimulation device. Median time to re-operation was 164 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 29, 525). Subjects with device revised or explanted were younger, with a median age of 50 years vs. 62 years (p < 0.01) for those who did not undergo explantation. Patient demographics and co-morbidities were otherwise similar. Multivariate analysis identified age under 55 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-5.33) as a significant risk factor. Our regression model showed that neither preimplantation diagnosis of chronic pain (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.28-1.27) nor the specialty of the surgeon (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.66-1.62) was associated with stimulation device revision or explantation. CONCLUSIONS This study found a 16% incidence of revision or explantation. Age under 55 years was identified as a significant risk factor. Our analysis did not find further demographic characteristics, co-morbid disorders, or behavioral diagnoses that were associated with revision or removal. Identification of risk factors may aid in patient selection for sacral nerve stimulation device implantation.
Musical Virtue, Professional Fortune, and Private Trauma in Eighteenth-Century Britain: A Feminist Biography of Elisabetta de Gambarini (1730–65)

The composer Elisabetta de Gambarini (1730–65) led a life of public and private contradictions. Publicly, she was renowned as both a professional performer and one of the first female composers to ...
The corporate parenting advantage, revisited

Research Summary This paper investigates the corporate parenting advantage, the extent to which corporate parents improve the performance of their subsidiaries. Despite the importance of this concept for corporate strategy, researchers have yet to quantify it empirically. I measure the corporate parenting advantage by comparing the performance of utilities that were legally classified into one of two types of holding companies: regulated holding companies, which faced limits on their ability to parent, and exempt holding companies, which did not. I find that observationally similar utilities that were owned by exempt holding companies outperform utilities that were owned by regulated holding companies, and that this performance differential attenuates once the legal restrictions on parenting were lifted. These results provide the first large‐scale empirical evidence of the corporate parenting advantage. Managerial Summary By how much do corporate parents improve the performance of their subsidiaries? Despite the importance of this question of the “corporate parenting advantage,” it does not yet have a clear answer. In this paper, I measure the corporate parenting advantage by comparing the performance of utilities that were legally grouped into one of two types of holding companies: regulated holding companies, which faced limits on their ability to parent, and exempt holding companies, which did not. I find that comparable utilities that were owned by regulated holding companies have lower return on assets than utilities that were owned by exempt holding companies, and that this performance difference disappears once the legal restrictions on parenting were lifted. These results provide evidence of the corporate parenting advantage.
Experimental investigation of phase relations in the system NaAlSi3O8–H2O at high temperatures and pressures: liquidus relations, liquid–vapor mixing, and critical phenomena at deep crust–upper mantle conditions

Supercritical fluids in rock–H2O systems have been proposed to be important agents of mass transfer in subduction zone environments. New experimental studies were conducted on the simple model granite system NaAlSi3O8 (Ab)–H2O in order to investigate phase relations and to develop the thermodynamic mixing properties between aqueous fluid (a.k.a. vapor, V) and silicate melt (a.k.a. liquid, L) at pressures (P) and temperatures (T) approaching those of critical mixing. We established liquidus and solvus phase relations by analyzing the quenched run products from piston–cylinder experiments over a range of $$P - T - X_{{{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}}}$$ conditions from 1.0 to 1.7 GPa, 630–1060 °C and 4–92 wt% H2O. Equations for the critical curve, solidus temperatures, albite solubility at the solidus, and vapor-saturated solidus H2O content were formulated as functions of $$P - T - X_{{{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}}}$$ . We constructed a subregular solution model to describe the solvus curves using P and T dependent Margules coefficients ( $$W_{{{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}}}$$ and $$W_{\text{Ab}}$$ ). Activities of H2O and Ab ( $$a_{{{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}}}$$ and $$a_{\text{Ab}}$$ ) could be formulated using only the input at the solidus and the critical point at each pressure because of the nearly linear dependence of the parameters on T. The solvus curves were confirmed independently by means of criteria established for classification of quenched products as L, L + V, or V and are in excellent agreement with the compositions that can be calculated using the Margules coefficients. At 1.6 GPa, the H2O content at the vapor-saturated solidus is 44.5 ± 5.5 wt% and the solubility of albite at the solidus is 42.95 ± 0.99 wt%, indicating the imminent intersection of the two curves and thus a stable critical endpoint at some slightly higher pressure. We constrain the critical endpoint at 1.63 ± 0.02 GPa, 659 ± 5 °C, and a composition of ~ 44.7 wt% H2O based on the intersections of the pressure dependent solidus curves with the critical curve, the pressure dependent albite solubility curve with the vapor-saturated solidus curve. The 1.7 GPa experiments showed no evidence for liquid–vapor immiscibility across a wide range of compositions and temperatures (4–80 wt% H2O and 630–1050 °C, and furthermore, that low albite is stable in the presence of the supercritical fluid near the breakdown of albite to jadeite and quartz. These results provide a comprehensive account of the solution properties of subcritical and supercritical fluids in this model granite system at temperatures and pressures corresponding to the deep-crust regions of granite magma generation.
The very low number of calcium-induced permeability transition pores in the single mitochondrion

Mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a phenomenon of stress-induced increase in nonspecific permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane that leads to disruption of oxidative phosphorylation and cell death. Quantitative measurement of the membrane permeability increase during PT is critically important for understanding the PT's impact on mitochondrial function. The elementary unit of PT is a PT pore (PTP), a single channel presumably formed by either ATP synthase or adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). It is not known how many channels are open in a single mitochondrion during PT, which makes it difficult to quantitatively estimate the overall degree of membrane permeability. Here, we used wide-field microscopy to record mitochondrial swelling and quantitatively measure rates of single-mitochondrion volume increase during PT-induced high-amplitude swelling. PT was quantified by calculating the rates of water flux responsible for measured volume changes. The total water flux through the mitochondrial membrane of a single mitochondrion during PT was in the range of (2.5 ± 0.4) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 2 mM Ca2+ and (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 200 µM Ca2+. Under these experimental conditions, a single PTP channel with ionic conductance of 1.5 nS could allow passage of water at the rate of 0.65 × 10-17 kg/s. Thus, we estimate the integral ionic conductance of the whole mitochondrion during PT to be 5.9 ± 0.9 nS for 2 mM concentration of Ca2+ and 2.6 ± 0.4 nS for 200 µM of Ca2+. The number of PTPs per mitochondrion ranged from one to nine. Due to the uncertainties in PTP structure and model parameters, PTP count results may be slightly underestimated. However, taking into account that each mitochondrion has ∼15,000 copies of ATP synthases and ANTs, our data imply that PTP activation is a rare event that occurs only in a small subpopulation of these proteins.
Set Partition Patterns and the Dimension Index

The notion of containment and avoidance provides a natural partial ordering on set partitions. Work of Sagan and of Goyt has led to enumerative results in avoidance classes of set partitions, which were refined by Dahlberg et al. through the use of combinatorial statistics. We continue this work by computing the distribution of the dimension index (a statistic arising from the supercharacter theory of finite groups) across certain avoidance classes of partitions. In doing so we obtain a novel connection between noncrossing partitions and 321-avoiding permutations, as well as connections to many other combinatorial objects such as Motzkin and Fibonacci polynomials.
Abstract PO-057: Breast cancer cell metabolism: Effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate on glucose deprived breast cancer cells

Ketogenic diets have the potential to lower glucose availability to cancer cells. The effect that the resulting increase in ketone bodies has on cancer cells is not fully understood. Here we explored the effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on glucose deprived MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells. Cell proliferation was decreased with lower glucose conditions which could not be rescued by either 10 mM or 25 mM BHB supplementation. Gene expression changes were altered when cells were glucose deprived. Smaller changes were observed when gene expression changes were compared between glucose deprived cells and those treated with BHB. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that glucose deprivation decreased activity of the Hippo-Yap cell signaling pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, while it increased expression of genes of the NRF2-pathawy and genes regulating ferroptosis in T47D breast cancer cells. No significant pathway enrichment was found when glucose deprived cells were treated with BHB. Both cell lines expressed the enzymes (OXCT1/2, BDH1, ACAT1/2) responsible for metabolizing BHB to acetyl-CoA, yet expression of these enzymes does not change with either glucose deprivation or BHB treatment. In the publicly available Cancer Genome Atlas increased expression compared to healthy tissue of enzymes responsible for metabolizing BHB to acetyl-CoA was also observed, however only a small subset of patients showed alterations in these enzymes. This alteration was linked to a significant decrease in overall survival. In conclusion, neither MCF-7 nor T47D breast cancer cells were affected by BHB during glucose deprivation, however screening of the patient’s tumor for activation of ketone bodies metabolizing enzymes may be indicated to identify who will benefit from ketogenic diet interventions. Citation Format: Rylee Maldonado, Chloe Adrienna Talana, Kahealani Uehara, Michael Weichhaus. Breast cancer cell metabolism: Effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate on glucose deprived breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Virtual Conference on Epigenetics and Metabolism; October 15-16, 2020; 2020 Oct 15-16. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(23 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-057.
Community Programming for Companion Dog Retention: A Survey of Animal Welfare Organizations.

Animal sheltering organizations in the United States offer programs to support dog ownership, yet little is known about what has been implemented across the U.S. In order to systematically examine ...