cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of hydrogen in tribological properties of diamond-like carbon films☆

Abstract Extensive research on diamond and diamondlike carbon (DLC) films in our laboratory has further confirmed that hydrogen plays an important role in the tribological properties of these films. Specifically, model experiments in inert gas environments revealed a very close relationship between the hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratios of source gases and the friction and wear coefficients of the resultant DLC films. The friction coefficient of films grown in source gases with very high H/C ratios (e.g. 10) was superlow (0.003), whereas that of hydrogen-free DLC films (with essentially zero H/C ratio) was very high (0.65). The friction coefficients of films grown in source gases with intermediate H/C ratios were between 0.003 and 0.65. Experiments also revealed that the frictional properties of these films were very sensitive to test environments. Specifically, when tested in open air, the friction coefficient of hydrogen-free DLC dropped to 0.25, whereas that of highly-hydrogenated DLC increased to 0.06. Fundamental knowledge combined with surface analytical and tribological studies have led to the conclusion that the type and extent of chemical interactions between carbon–carbon, carbon–hydrogen, and carbon–adsorbate atoms at the sliding-contact interfaces determine the friction and wear properties of DLC films.
A corona theorem for countably many functions

Suppose a = {aj} 1 ∞ is a sequence of H∞ functions on the unit disk D such that\(||a||_\infty = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{z \in D} (\sum\limits_1^\infty { |a_j (z)|^2 } )^{{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}} 0\).
Hyperspectral imaging of cells: toward real-time pathological assessment

The goal of this work is to develop micro-scale noninvasive photonic instrumentation and techniques that will enable real-time imaging and monitoring of microstructures and cells in tissues. We utilize a hyperspectral microscope to explore the differences of native fluorescence and polarized light scattering from cellular components using various excitation wavelengths. The key optical “signature” characteristics that differentiate the various cellular components are used to obtain composite images that highlight their presence and the relative concentration of various tissue chromophores. The sensitivity has been optimized in our specially designed instrumentation so that image acquisition times are very short for real-time application in a clinical setting. This technology is not invasive to the cells and therefore it can be used to monitor their function while they are still alive.
Stability of Molybdenum Disilicide in Combustion Gak Environments

The stability of MoSi2 in combustion gas at 1370° and 1600°C was evaluated using SOLGASMIX-PV thermodynamic modeling, periodic weight measurements, and characterization via XRD, SEM, EDS, and image analysis. Passive oxidation occurred at both temperatures. During an initial stage of exposure, specimen surfaces oxidized to form MoO3(g) and amorphous SiO2 via reduction of CO2 and H2O. After a short time (<6.5 min at 1370°C, <1 min at 1600°C), the oxidation mechanism switched; Mo5Si3 and amorphous SiO2 formed as oxidation products. The first mechanism esulted in the formation of 46.1 vol% at 1370°C and 42.6 vol% at 1600°C of the amorphous silica surface coating. The attainment of a near-terminal weight gain implied silica formation was limited by H2O and CO2 diffusion through the silica coating.
Resugaring: lifting evaluation sequences through syntactic sugar

Syntactic sugar is pervasive in language technology. It is used to shrink the size of a core language; to define domain-specific languages; and even to let programmers extend their language. Unfortunately, syntactic sugar is eliminated by transformation, so the resulting programs become unfamiliar to authors. Thus, it comes at a price: it obscures the relationship between the user's source program and the program being evaluated. We address this problem by showing how to compute reduction steps in terms of the surface syntax. Each step in the surface language emulates one or more steps in the core language. The computed steps hide the transformation, thus maintaining the abstraction provided by the surface language. We make these statements about emulation and abstraction precise, prove that they hold in our formalism, and verify part of the system in Coq. We have implemented this work and applied it to three very different languages.
A study of the morphology and properties of aryl and alkyl ammonium montmorillonites; an electron microscope investigation

The effect of exchanging selected aryl and alkyl ammonium cations for sodium ions on the morphology and the hydrophobicity of a sodium montmorillonite was studied. It was found that the morphology of the organo-clays as observed by transmission electron microscopy depended on the type of and the amount of exchanged organic cation. An attempt was made to correlate the observed morphology of organo-clays with their hydrophobicity.
Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22-42

Horizontal ground deformation measurements were made repeatedly with an electronic distance meter near the Puu Oo eruption site approximately perpendicular to Kilauea's east rift zone (ERZ) before and after eruptive episodes 22–42. Line lengths gradually extended during repose periods and rapidly contracted about the same amount following eruptions. The repeated extension and contraction of the measured lines are best explained by the elastic response of the country rock to the addition and subsequent eruption of magma from a local reservoir. The deformation patterns are modeled to constrain the geometry and location of the local reservoir near Puu Oo. The observed deformation is consistent with deformation patterns that would be produced by the expansion of a shallow, steeply dipping dike just uprift of Puu Oo striking parallel to the trend of the ERZ. The modeled dike is centered about 800 m uprift of Puu Oo. Its top is at a depth of 0.4 km, its bottom at about 2.9 km, and the length is about 1.6 km; the dike strikes N65° E and dips at about 87°SE. The model indicates that the dike expanded by 11 cm during repose periods, for an average volumetric expansion of nearly 500 000 m3. The volume of magma added to the dike during repose periods was variable but correlates positively with the volume of erupted lava of the subsequent eruption and represents about 8% of the new lava extruded. Dike geometry and expansion values are used to estimate the pressure increase near the eruption site due to the accumulation of magma during repose periods. On average, vent pressures increased by about 0.38 MPa during the repose periods, one-third of the pressure increase at the summit. The model indicates that the dikelike body below Puu Oo grew in volume from 3 million cubic meters (Mm3) to about 10–12 Mm3 during the series of eruptions. The width of this body was probably about 2.5–3.0 m. No net long-term deformation was detected along the measured deformation lines.
Enhanced inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia by genetically engineered endothelial progenitor cells.

Background— Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been reported previously. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that overexpression of vasculoprotective gene endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in EPCs enhances their ability to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results— EPCs were isolated from rabbit peripheral blood, expanded in culture, and transduced with pseudotyped retroviral vectors expressing human eNOS (eNOS-EPCs), HO-1 (HO-1-EPCs), or green fluorescent protein (GFP-EPCs). Transduction efficiency of EPCs ex vivo was >90%. Four groups of rabbits (n=5 to 6 per group) were subjected to balloon angioplasty of the common carotid artery. Immediately after injury, ≈5×106 autologous eNOS-EPCs or HO-1-EPCs were transplanted into the injured vessel. Control animals received an equivalent number of GFP-EPCs or Ringer’s saline. Two weeks after transplantation, eNOS and HO-1 transgene transcripts and proteins were detected in the transduced rabbit...
Closing the Gap: Merging Student Affairs, Advising and Registration

In a pilot study at El Centro College, an urban college in the Dallas County Community College District, students in a new-to-college educational framework class were offered an intervention intended to enhance the academic advising process. The intervention consisted of in-class career services advising, degree selection, degree planning, course selection, course scheduling, and training in the college's on-line registration system. The results included a higher degree of satisfaction of the registration processes and shorter registration times.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a plasma membrane carrier

The plasma membrane defines the border of living cells and provides a barrier to extracellular components. Advances in molecular biology have resulted in the development of novel therapeutic strategies (e.g. gene therapy and cellular protein delivery) which rely on the entry of charged macromolecules into the intracellular compartment. Recent reports demonstrate an intriguing role for heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cellular internalization of viruses, basic peptides and polycation-nucleic-acid complexes and the possibility that they have important implications for gene transfer and protein delivery to mammalian cells. This review focuses on heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a plasma membrane carrier.
Biomechanics of early cardiac development

Biomechanics affect early cardiac development, from looping to the development of chambers and valves. Hemodynamic forces are essential for proper cardiac development, and their disruption leads to congenital heart defects. A wealth of information already exists on early cardiac adaptations to hemodynamic loading, and new technologies, including high-resolution imaging modalities and computational modeling, are enabling a more thorough understanding of relationships between hemodynamics and cardiac development. Imaging and modeling approaches, used in combination with biological data on cell behavior and adaptation, are paving the road for new discoveries on links between biomechanics and biology and their effect on cardiac development and fetal programming.
An Electromagnetic Actuator for High-Frequency Flapping-Wing Microair Vehicles

An electromagnetic actuator weighing 2.6 g and operated up to resonant frequencies in excess of 70 Hz is presented with the intended application to flapping-wing MAVs. Comprised of a single electromagnetic coil, a permanent magnet rotor, and a “virtual spring” magnet pair, system resonance is achieved using a periodic excitation voltage applied to the coil, resulting in harmonic wing motion. Analytical models describing the electrodynamic interactions of system components and flapping-wing aerodynamic mechanisms are used to develop the equations governing the system's dynamics. Preliminary analysis based on simulation is used to build a working prototype from which further validation is conducted. Wing kinematics and mean lift measurements from the prototype demonstrated a lift-to-weight ratio of over one at 24 V. Based on a simplified equation of motion, approximate solutions for primary resonance mode and peak-to-peak (pk–pk) stroke amplitude were determined using the method of multiple time scales. Validated from frequency response experiments conducted on bioinspired test wings, these approximate solutions are used as a basis for an optimization framework. Finally, the developed framework is used to investigate the performance of the proposed actuator at different scales, predicting lift-to-weight ratios well above one for a wide range of the parameter space.
Time-resolved near UV circular dichroism and absorption studies of carbonmonoxymyoglobin photolysis intermediates

Abstract Time-resolved circular dichroism (TRCD) spectra of ligand photolysis intermediates of horse skeletal carbonmonoxymyoglobin (MbCO) in the near UV (250–300 run) region are obtained to probe the environment of protein aromatic side chains as a function of time. Since X-ray data reveal compact structures for MbCO and deoxyMb with no apparent pathway for ligand migration through the protein matrix, dynamic protein fluctuations of side chains must be important in facilitating the ligand binding process. Near UV TRCD spectral data are fit to two exponential components with lifetimes of 110±35 μs and 1.5 ± 0.3 ms. Time-resolved absorption spectra in this wavelength region were fit to three lifetimes of 340 ± 100 ns, 830± 240μs and 2.1 ± 0.2 ms. The 830 μs and 2.1 ms processes are associated with bimolecular ligand rebinding and are consistent with lifetimes obtained from spectra in the Soret region of 200 ± 120 ns, 680 ± 80 μs and 1.8 ± 0.05 ms. The absence of the ca. 700μs component in the TRCD data indicates that bimolecular rebinding induces changes in the heme interaction with surrounding polar residues and not with aromatic residues. The 110μs TRCD transient is discussed in terms of motions of tyrosines and/or nearby aromatic groups that are involved in the early stages of ligand rebinding.
Reaction of N-(3-Pyrene)maleimide with Thiol Groups of Reticulocyte Ribosomes

The reaction of N–(3–pyrene)maleimide with thiol groups of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes offers a possible fluorescent probe for studying ribosomal structure and conformation. At relatively low concentrations of N–(3–pyrene)maleimide a group of 30–40 readily reactive sulfhydryl residues is derivatized. The major ribosomal proteins containing these thiol groups are identified as S2+S3, S5, S7, S8, S29, S31, S32, L1, L5, L6, L10+L14, L15, L18+L19, and L36. Ribosomal activity, as measured by the nonenzymic binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA and polyphenylalanine synthesis, is inhibited by this degree of reaction with N–(3–pyrene)maleimide. This inhibition is relieved by the prior binding of polyuridylic acid to the ribosomes while the extent of derivatization by N–(3–pyrene) maleimide is diminished only slightly. The average relative polarization of the fluorescence of the ribosomal bound N–(3–pyrene)maleimide changes significantly with the degree of derivatization of ribosomal thiol groups or with the binding of polyuridylic acid, indicating the value of such a fluorescent thiol-derivatizing agent as a probe of ribosomal structure.
Periodic paralysis and ventricular tachycardia: Possible role of calcium channel blockers

Few patients have been reported with familial periodic paralysis and ventricular tachycardia. The natural history of these cases was unfavorable, with most dying because of a presumed cardiac dysrhythmia. We report for the first time the results of an electrophysiologic study of a similar case and the successful use of calcium channel blockers, shedding light on the possible mechanism and management of these patients.
Evaluation of microvolume regenerated cellulose (RC) microdialysis fibers for the sampling and detection of ammonia in air.

Abstract We have explored use of perfused regenerated cellulose (RC) microdialysis tubing (216 μm o.d./200 μm i.d.) as sampling probes for gaseous ammonia. The probes functioned by allowing the gas to diffuse through the permeable membrane into a stream of de-ionized water which continually perfused the tubing at 10–20 μL min −1 . The resulting ammonium in the perfusate was determined through a fluorimetric method (OPA–sulfite) with LED excitation at λ ex = 365 ± 10 nm and measurement of fluorescence emission at λ em = 425 ± 20 nm. By shielding the sampling membrane with a Plexiglas tube purged under laminar flow conditions, the potential interference of particulate ammonium depositing on the probe was minimized. The RC microdialysis tube was found to act as an efficient sampling device since it exhibits a very high surface-area-to-volume ratio (≈200 cm 2 mL −1 ). As a result, aqueous concentrations of >100 μM NH 4 + per ppm NH 3 (g) have been observed. In addition, the fluorogenic OPA–sulfite reaction is demonstrated to be very selective for ammonia over amines that have been measured in the atmosphere. This feature of the derivatization chemistry allows analysis of ammonia by fluorimetry without need for a separation step. The method developed has been applied to field measurements of ammonia at a swine barn facility with quantitative results agreeing with a reference method.
Information dimension for quasiperiodic trajectories with quadratically irrational winding number

Abstract Universal nontrivial information dimensions are shown to exist for critical quasiperiodic orbits for several different dynamical systems. The nature of the singularity at the critical point and the asymptotic character of the continued fraction representation of the winding number determine the universality class. A plausible conjecture regarding the source of universality is proposed.
Translating Science Into Service: Lessons Learned From the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) Study.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to summarize lessons learned from, and limitations of, the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial, focusing on measurement-based care. Data Sources: PubMed and MEDLINE were searched from 1980 through 2006 using terms such as depression, major depressive disorder, augmentation, switching, measurement-based care, and remission. Other relevant articles were identified by checking reference lists of the identified studies. Study Selection: A total of 60 studies were initially identified, which resulted in 34 studies used in this review. The salient criteria used for selection of studies centered on whether results had implications for clinical practice and provided lessons that could be learned and practically applied to real-life settings. Data Extraction: Data were extracted from the STAR*D trial and associated studies that were pertinent to everyday problems encountered by mental health professionals in the community: determination of whether the optimum strategy for a particular patient involves “augmentation” or “switching” of a patient's medication. Data Synthesis: Measurement-based care is essential in order to identify the two thirds of patients who do not achieve remission with the first treatment strategy. Timely changes in antidepressant therapy can improve outcomes. Conclusions: The STAR*D trial underscores the importance of measurement-based care in identifying patients who may not have achieved remission with an initial antidepressant, enabling alternative options such as augmentation or switching to be prescribed to meet this ultimate goal of therapy.
A functional cell for quantum-dot cellular automata

We present experimental demonstration of a basic cell of Quantum-dot Cellular Automata, a transistorless computation paradigm which addresses the issues of device density and interconnection. The devices presented consist of four and six-dot quantum-dot cellular systems where the metal dots are connected by capacitors and tunnel junctions. The operation of a basic cell is confirmed by the externally controlled polarization change of the cell. The cell exhibits a bistable response and voltage gain. We present an experimental technique which cancels the parasitic cross-talk capacitors in the system.
A three-dimensional numerical model of the estuary circulation and salinity in Narragansett Bay

Abstract Gravitational circulation in an estuary is produced primarily by longitudinal density differences, but other factors, such as local topography, the Coriolis acceleration and lateral density variations may be equally important. A generalized three-dimensional rigid-lid model of the steady, density-driven flow is formulated herein, which includes spatial variations in depth, eddy viscosity and diffusivity and horizontal pressure gradients. An equation of steady salt conservation is also solved, including convection, based on the gravitation circulation and diffusion in the three directions. Some details of the numerical computations are presented and comparisons with observations from Narragansett Bay are evaluated. Cyclonic circulation predicted by the model is discussed as an example of its capabilities.
The arithmetic cube II: a second generation VLSI DSP processor

A description is given of the synthesis, design, and simulation of the arithmetic cube II, a second-generation, high-performance digital signal processing architecture. The architecture implements the so-called small-n algorithms. The authors are currently building a CMOS prototype system which should be capable of computing a 1024 point complex DFT in 410 mu s. >
Fully Bayesian inference for neural models with negative-binomial spiking

Characterizing the information carried by neural populations in the brain requires accurate statistical models of neural spike responses. The negative-binomial distribution provides a convenient model for over-dispersed spike counts, that is, responses with greater-than-Poisson variability. Here we describe a powerful data-augmentation framework for fully Bayesian inference in neural models with negative-binomial spiking. Our approach relies on a recently described latent-variable representation of the negative-binomial distribution, which equates it to a Polya-gamma mixture of normals. This framework provides a tractable, conditionally Gaussian representation of the posterior that can be used to design efficient EM and Gibbs sampling based algorithms for inference in regression and dynamic factor models. We apply the model to neural data from primate retina and show that it substantially outperforms Poisson regression on held-out data, and reveals latent structure underlying spike count correlations in simultaneously recorded spike trains.
Schneider, Edgar W., Kate Burridge, Bernd Kortmann, Rajend Mesthrie, & Clive Upton (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English: A multimedia reference tool

Schneider, Edgar W., Kate Burridge, Bernd Kortmann, Rajend Mesthrie, & Clive Upton (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English: A multimedia reference tool. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. Vol. 1, xvii, 1168 pp.; vol. 2, xvii, 1226 pp. Hb/CD-ROM $720.These two volumes and CD-ROM form an impressive and informative survey of all major English varieties currently spoken. The aim, in the words of the editors, is “documenting and mapping the structural variation among (spontaneously spoken) non-standard varieties of English.” Various standard Englishes, such as Received Pronunciation (RP), are also described, although it is not clear how the editors distinguished a national standard from a national variety. These standard varieties are used as “implicit standard[s] of comparison” for most varieties. Although this perspective might seem surprising in a descriptive work, upon further thought this explicit acknowledgment is refreshing. In many studies, the use of a standard variety for comparison usually remains implicit, rather than being acknowledged at the outset.
Decision trees from uncertain learning sets

Decision trees are structures which form a partition of some given measurement space for the purpose of classifying new measurements. Typically, the construction of the decision tree is performed using a learning set (or training set) where the class of each observation is certain. An uncertain learning set is a collection of measurements and probability masses over the set of classes for each measurement. The uncertainty in the learning set affects several of the results on decision trees previously presented in the literature. This paper suggests several new splitting criteria for constructing trees using uncertain learning sets. Additional extensions are provided for developing new misclassification estimates and test sample estimates for the decision tree. Finally, an application of these techniques in sensor fusion is outlined. >
Nonconjugate priors and Metropolis-Hastings algorithms

When conjugate or semiconjugate prior distributions are used, the posterior distribution can be approximated with the Monte Carlo method or the Gibbs sampler. In situations where a conjugate prior distribution is unavailable or undesirable, the full conditional distributions of the parameters do not have a standard form and the Gibbs sampler cannot be easily used. In this section we present the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm as a generic method of approximating the posterior distribution corresponding to any combination of prior distribution and sampling model. This section presents the algorithm in the context of two examples: The first involves Poisson regression, which is a type of generalized linear model. The second is a longitudinal regression model in which the observations are correlated over time.
Timing of Surgery in Chronic Aortic Regurgitation

When deciding on therapy for aortic regurgitation (AR), it is imperative to distinguish between acute and chronic AR. Symptoms and echocardiographic findings are essential in distinguishing acute from chronic AR and in assessing the severity. Vasodilators have been shown to be helpful in treating patients with chronic severe AR. The timing of aortic valve replacement in chronic severe AR remains controversial. Symptoms, left ventricular function, and response to exercise have been shown to be the most important prognostic indicators.
Parental Effort in Relation to Structural Plumage Coloration in the Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides)

Indicator models of sexual selection suggest that costly ornaments signal reliable information regarding an individual’s quality to potential mates. In species that produce altricial offspring, the amount of parental care provided by both males and females can impact reproductive success. The Good Parent Hypothesis proposes that ornamentation in biparental species can act as an honest signal of parental ability to potential mates. We tested this hypothesis using the mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides), a sexually dichromatic, socially monogamous species in which both sexes have structurally based ornamental plumage coloration. A male’s plumage color predicted neither the rate at which it provisioned nestlings nor brood growth rate. The same was true for females. We also found no indication of assortative mating by color or body condition. Feeding rates within pairs were positively correlated, which we suggest may be due to pairs responding similarly to the perceived needs of nestlings or to local area prey availability. In sum, our results do not support the Good Parent Hypothesis as an explanation for the evolution of ornamental plumage color in mountain bluebirds. We suggest alternative hypotheses for the evolution of ornamental plumage color in this species.
Beyond dominance: the importance of leverage.

ABSTRACT The dominance concept as it is currently defined and applied in animal behavior is problematic. What has been traditionally considered dominance is actually a combination of dominance in the strict sense and power based upon other sources. Rather than working within the current paradigm, I propose a conceptual revision founded upon the more inclusive concept of power. Power is a phenomenon where a dyadic relationship is asymmetrical (Simon 1953) and can be divided into two types: dominance and leverage. Dominance is power based upon the ability to use force. Leverage is power based upon a resource that cannot be taken by force. Four characteristics of power are used in sociology (base, means, amount, and scope) that facilitate both the expansion of the power concept beyond traditional dominance and the application of these theoretical ideas in empirical studies. This cross‐disciplinary approach to power allows a wide range of behaviors to be considered as critical while at the same time it focuse...
Point cloud matching based on 3D self-similarity

Point cloud is one of the primitive representations of 3D data nowadays. Despite that much work has been done in 2D image matching, matching 3D points achieved from different perspective or at different time remains to be a challenging problem. This paper proposes a 3D local descriptor based on 3D self-similarities. We not only extend the concept of 2D self-similarity [1] to the 3D space, but also establish the similarity measurement based on the combination of geometric and photometric information. The matching process is fully automatic i.e. needs no manually selected land marks. The results on the LiDAR and model data sets show that our method has robust performance on 3D data under various transformations and noises.
Choosing how to choose: Comparing amalgamation methods for environmental impact assessment

Abstract Amalgamation, in which disparate impacts are combined so that alternatives can be ranked, has become an important part of many impact assessments. Such methods can help make decisions more rational by systematically combining great amounts of information into more digestible forms. They can also facilitate public participation and ease documentation of decisions. The intent of this article is to give an overview of amalgamation methods and to propose four criteria for choosing among them: the purpose to be served, ease of use, validity, and results compared to other methods. Because experiments have repeatedly shown that the method chosen can significantly affect what decision is made, EIA practitioners should place more emphasis on the last two criteria than they have in the past. Finally, recent results in psychology and management science are discussed for practitioners facing the question “how do we choose how to choose?”
EEG patterns during ‘cognitive’ tasks. I. Methodology and analysis of complex behaviors

Abstract This paper presents a methodology which uses nonlinear pattern recognition to study the spatial distribution of EEG patterns accompanying higher cortical functions. The multivariate decision rules reveal the essential EEG patterns which differentiate performance of two tasks. Cross-validation classification accuracy measures the generality of the findings. Using this method, EEG patterns were derived from a group of 23 adults during performance of several complex tasks, including Koh's block design, writing sentences, mental paper folding, and reading silently. These patterns discriminate between the tasks, are consistent with, and extend the results of, visual EEG interpretations and univariate analysis of spectral intensities. Since writing sentences could not be distinguished from mere scribbling, it is unclear whether the EEG patterns found to distingiush complex behaviors were related to the cognitive components of tasks, or to sensory-motor and performance-related factors.
WORK STYLE AND NETWORK MANAGEMENT Gendered Patterns and Economic Consequences in Martinique

Working women in the Caribbean and Latin America are more active in the labor market than their counterparts in most other regions of the world. Yet, they remain much less economically mobile than working men. Using research from a long-term study in Martinique, this article offers a new view of the cross-class construction of women's economic immobility. Research results suggest that irrespective of a woman's socioeconomic status, household structure, education, skills, or freedom from domestic chores, the organization of her work is patterned in ways that preclude economic growth. When women try to “get ahead,” they invest more of their own time; men, by contrast, put others to work. I argue that these and other gender-based patterns of work organization and network management express a hidden but enduring legacy of a patriarchal value system.
Melting Relations in the System MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 15 Kb

Crystal-liquid equilibria have been determined in a portion of the system MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 at 15 kb. The isobaric binary eutectic between enstatite and forsterite has been established at a composition of En 85 Fo 15 (weight percent) at 1710°C. The pressure at which enstatite changes from incongruent to congruent melting, as pressure is increased, is estimated to be approximately 4 kb. Six isobaric invariant points within the ternary system have been established which involve the phase relations between a liquid and the crystalline phases forsterite, spinel, aluminous enstatite, sapphirine, quartz, sillimanite, and corundum. Enstatite was found to contain up to 18.9 wt percent Al 2 O 3 in the assemblage quartz + sapphirine + enstatite at 1420°C. The AlAl/MgSi substitution in enstatite seems to be highly dependent upon temperature. Due to a reduction in the size of the primary phase field of forsterite with increasing pressure, partial fusion of a simplified upper-mantle material consisting of enstatite, forsterite, and spinel would produce an initial liquid richer in MgO and poorer in SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 as pressure is increased to 15 kb. Due to a reaction relation between aluminous enstatite, forsterite, and liquid, silica-enriched liquids can be produced from silica-undersaturated compositions by fractional crystallization at high pressures. Similarly, aluminous enstatite can melt at pressures greater than approximately 4 kb, in an anhydrous environment, to produce silica-enriched liquids. The effect of alumina solid-solution and the effect of water on the melting of enstatite at high pressures are complementary effects which allow the incongruent melting of enstatite at greater depths than previously expected and support the possibility of generating silica-enriched magmas by partial fusion at high pressures as well as the production of such magmas by high-pressure fractional crystallization.
Proteomic Analysis of Temporally Stimulated Ovarian Cancer Cells for Biomarker Discovery

While ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the United States, there are no biomarkers available that are able to predict therapeutic responses to ovarian malignancies. One major hurdle in the identification of useful biomarkers has been the ability to obtain enough ovarian cancer cells from primary tissues diagnosed in the early stages of serous carcinomas, the most deadly subtype of ovarian tumor. In order to detect ovarian cancer in a state of hyperproliferation, we analyzed the implications of molecular signaling cascades in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3 in a temporal manner, using a mass-spectrometry-based proteomics approach. OVCAR3 cells were treated with EGF1, and the time course of cell progression was monitored based on Akt phosphorylation and growth dynamics. EGF-stimulated Akt phosphorylation was detected at 12 h post-treatment, but an effect on proliferation was not observed until 48 h post-exposure. Growth-stimulated cellular lysates were analyzed for protein profiles between treatment groups and across time points using iTRAQ labeling and mass spectrometry. The protein response to EGF treatment was identified via iTRAQ analysis in EGF-stimulated lysates relative to vehicle-treated specimens across the treatment time course. Validation studies were performed on one of the differentially regulated proteins, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), in human tissue lysates and ovarian tumor tissue sections. Further, tissue microarray analysis was performed to demarcate LAMP-1 expression across different stages of epithelial ovarian cancers. These data support the use of this approach for the efficient identification of tissue-based markers in tumor development related to specific signaling pathways. LAMP-1 is a promising biomarker for studies of the progression of EGF-stimulated ovarian cancers and might be useful in predicting treatment responses involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors or EGF receptor monoclonal antibodies.
Explorations of sequential ATPG using Boolean satisfiability

Presents a sequential test generation method based on Boolean satisfiability. The method produces near-minimal test sizes. The authors discuss the flexibility provided by Boolean satisfiability to extend the fault model to realistic faults. Experimental results using ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits and comparisons with previously published results are presented. >
Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure in Older Adults

Given the proportion of older adults who are hypertensive and the population of older adults who are at risk for hypertension, the U.S. must mobilize public health efforts aimed at prevention. Scientific evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of sodium reduction to lower blood pressure. Translating this evidence into practice involves knowledge about the food sources of sodium so effective interventions can be designed and implemented. The purpose of this essay was to examine major food group sources of sodium in a cohort of older adults, with and without high blood pressure, in an urban community in Southwestern Pennsylvania. The University of Pittsburgh's "Center for Healthy Aging" promotes healthy aging in the community with the "10 Keys to Healthy Aging" campaign. One of the keys aims to lower systolic blood pressure to ≤140 mmHg. A low sodium intervention was implemented by the CHA project in hypertensive individuals. The sodium intake of the 521 community volunteers, mean age 74.5 years, 60% male, 94.1% white, who completed a FFQ, was compared to a sub-sample of hypertensives (n=214) who, in addition, collected one 24-hour urinary sodium. Mean baseline dietary sodium for the entire cohort was 1,796 mg per day compared to 1,821 mg per day in hypertensives. Urinary sodium was 1.8 times higher (141 mmol/24 hrs [3,240 mg]) than self-reported intake and decreased to 130 mmol/24 hrs (2,990 mg) at 6-months. The correlation between dietary and urinary sodium at baseline was weak (r=0.16) and remained weak (0.23) at 6-months. Major food sources of sodium were soups, breads, tomato sauce, salad dressings, and prepared cereals. Data indicate that the sodium intake of the group exceeds the 2005 Dietary Guidelines of ≤1500 mg per day by approximately 200% for individuals at increased risk using urinary sodium values. Even the most successful dietary interventions to reduce sodium intake to the recommended levels would be ineffective without the food industry’s help in reducing sodium added to foods during processing. This prevention strategy, in combination with stronger public health messages, would help to reduce the sodium intake in the population and help to achieve reductions in blood pressures.
Epitasis and Anesis in Aristotle, De caelo 2.6

De caelo 2.6 describes irregular motion differently from the discussion at Physics 5.4. The desire to make the one discussion congrue with the other has strained interpretation of the De caelo passage. Aristotle provides a theory of irregular motion that is tripartite and the passage ought to be interpreted in such a way as to explain this tripartite motion. Akmē is not a ‘top speed’ as it is generally translated, but a point in an object’s motion when epitasis must become anesis . Although the terms epitasis and anesis cover ‘acceleration’ and ‘deceleration’ they cannot be reduced to them.
Synthesis of Transition Metal Complexes of an Elusive Ligand: 5,7,12,14-Tetraphenyldibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]-tetraazacyclotetradecine

Abstract The tetraaza-macrocycle, 5, 7, 12, 14-tetraphenyldibenzo[b, i][1, 4, 8, 11]-tetraazacyclotetradecine, has been an elusive molecule because of steric crowding in the proposed template intermediate in the synthetic scheme. The nickel(II) complex of the macrocyclic ligand has, however, been synthesized in low yield by heating a near mixture of 1, 2-diaminobenzene, 1, 3-c3phenyl-1, 3-propanedione, and nickel acetate at 250°C. The metal-free macrocycle can be prepared by demetalation of the nickel(II) complex with HCI while the copper(II) complex can be prepared by treating the macrocycle with copper acetate. These metal complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic methods. In addition, the proposed cationic intermediate in the template mechanism, [N, N'-(1, 3-diphenyl-1, 3-propanediyiidene)bis(1, 2-benzenediaminato)]-nickel(II), was isolated and characterized. The free ligand was characterized by X ray crystallography. The crystals were obtained from a toluene solution and crystallized in the P...
Potential Transfer of Polyglutamine and CAG-Repeat RNA in Extracellular Vesicles in Huntington’s Disease: Background and Evaluation in Cell Culture

In Huntington's disease (HD) the imperfect expanded CAG repeat in the first exon of the HTT gene leads to the generation of a polyglutamine (polyQ) protein, which has some neuronal toxicity, potentially mollified by formation of aggregates. Accumulated research, reviewed here, implicates both the polyQ protein and the expanded repeat RNA in causing toxicity leading to neurodegeneration in HD. Different theories have emerged as to how the neurodegeneration spreads throughout the brain, with one possibility being the transport of toxic protein and RNA in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Most cell types in the brain release EVs and these have been shown to contain neurodegenerative proteins in the case of prion protein and amyloid-beta peptide. In this study, we used a model culture system with an overexpression of HTT-exon 1 polyQ-GFP constructs in human 293T cells and found that the EVs did incorporate both the polyQ-GFP protein and expanded repeat RNA. Striatal mouse neural cells were able to take up these EVs with a consequent increase in the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and polyQ-GFP RNAs, but with no evidence of uptake of polyQ-GFP protein or any apparent toxicity, at least over a relatively short period of exposure. A differentiated striatal cell line expressing endogenous levels of Hdh mRNA containing the expanded repeat incorporated more of this mRNA into EVs as compared to similar cells expressing this mRNA with a normal repeat length. These findings support the potential of EVs to deliver toxic expanded trinucleotide repeat RNAs from one cell to another, but further work will be needed to evaluate potential EV and cell-type specificity of transfer and effects of long-term exposure. It seems likely that expanded HD-associated repeat RNA may appear in biofluids and may have use as biomarkers of disease state and response to therapy.
Relation of Phase Stability Boundary to the Fill-Up Bonding States In Ni3V,Co3V and Fe3V

The electronic structures and cohesive properties of the intermetallics Ni3V, Co3V, and Fe3V in the L12 structure have been studied using the self-consistent total energy linear muffin-tin orbital method based on the local density approximation. The simple rigid-band concept appears to be adequate to explain the structural stability of these compounds. Further,the structural stability of the pseudobinary compounds (Ni,Co,Fe)3V has been investigated based on the rigid-band scheme. The correlation between the electronic concentration and the crystal structure is shown to be related to the fill-up of the bonding states.
Investigation of Antibacterial Activity by Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by Microwave-Assisted Green Syntheses with Soluble Starch, Dextrose, and Arabinose

The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity and inhibition of biofilm formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Escherichia coli (MG1655), Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Janthinobacterium lividum. The AgNPs utilized in this study were prepared through one-pot microwave-assisted syntheses guided by principles of green chemistry. The AgNPs were synthesized in three different schemes by reducing Ag+ ions (from AgNO3) with reducing agents dextrose, arabinose, and soluble starch. Formation of AgNPs occurred in less than 15 min, and nanoparticles had diameters of 30 nm or less. Successful synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed using multiple orthogonal approaches, including UV–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, while size analysis was gathered from transmission electron microscopy images and dynamic light scattering. All AgNPs prepared in...
Origin of site disorder and oxygen nonstoichiometry in LiMn 1.5Ni0.5-xMxO4 (M = Cu and Zn) cathodes with divalent dopant ions

The high-voltage LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel cathodes offer high power capability but are plagued by capacity fade, particularly at elevated temperatures. With an aim to develop a better understanding of the factors influencing the electrochemical properties, a systematic investigation of LiMn1.5Ni0.5–xMxO4 (M = Cu and Zn and x = 0.08 and 0.12), in which Ni2+ ions are substituted by divalent Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, are presented. The effects of dopant ion content, their site occupancy, degree of cation ordering, and oxygen nonstoichiometry have been investigated with respect to the electrochemical properties by cycling at room temperature and elevated temperatures. It is found that although both Zn and Cu are divalent with ionic radii similar to those of Ni2+, they behave quite differently with respect to cation ordering and site occupancy, and higher levels of doping lead to distinct differences in cycling and rate performances. The understanding of the role of site preferences of the cations and the degree of cat...
Differential induction of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis, diacylglycerol formation and protein kinase C activation by epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α in normal human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes

We have investigated coupling between the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and the phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC) signal-transduction system in normal skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, for which EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) are mitogenic. EGF and TGF-alpha induced a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor, in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, but failed to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 or detectable phosphoinositide hydrolysis, as measured by two sensitive assays. In fibroblasts, EGF induced phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolysis, resulting in increased diacylglycerol (DAG). In contrast, in keratinocytes, there was no detectable PC hydrolysis or elevation of DAG in response to EGF or TGF-alpha. EGF and TGF-alpha activated PKC in fibroblasts, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of a specific cellular PKC substrate (myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate, 'MARCKS'). In keratinocytes, TGF-alpha and EGF induced only a modest increase in MARCKS protein phosphorylation. This apparent modest activation of PKC, in the absence of detectable DAG formation, may have been mediated by arachidonic acid, which was released from keratinocytes in response to TGF-alpha, and has been shown to stimulate PKC activity in vitro. These data demonstrate that (1) in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes, which express normal levels of EGF receptors, EGF receptor activation is not coupled to tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 or PtdIns hydrolysis, suggesting that these events are not required for the mitogenic activity of EGF or TGF-alpha in these cells, (2) coupling of EGF receptor to PC hydrolysis is cell-type specific, and (3) in skin fibroblasts, DAG, formed through EGF-induced PC hydrolysis, is capable of activating PKC.