cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards an Extensible Virtual GEOINT Center

Abstract As the number of devices collecting and sending data in the world are increasing, finding ways to visualize and understand that data is becoming a challenge. This has often been coined as the problem of “Big Data.” The Virtual Geoint Center (VGC) being developed by research collaborators at TecˆEdge facility aims to aid in solving that challenge by providing a way to combine the use of the virtual world with external tools thru a novel and extensible sensor cloud architecture, that was developed to solve a multi modal sensor fusion challenges. Using open-source software such as OpenSim and Blender, the VGC uses a visually stunning 3D environment to display the data sent to it, thru development of optimized visualization techniques. The VGC is broken up into two major components: The Kinect Minimap, and the Geoint Map. The Kinect Minimap uses the Microsoft Kinect and its open-source software to create a 3D representation of the personnel in its field of view. The Geoint Map collects smartphone sensor information in real time from a pervasive network and displays it on user-friendly and navigable map view. By combining external tools and the virtual world, the VGC can help a user “visualize” data, and provide additional tools to “understand” the data. This paper provides the details of the various components of the VGC and also discusses the implications of the present work and insights for the future work.
The enhancement of the near UV flashlamp spectra withe special emphasis on the iodine photodissociation laser

Abstract It has been found that addition of zinc to a xenon flashlamp can result in a factor of two or more enhancement in the light output in the pump bands of the iodine photodissociation laser.
Fabrication variations in SOI microrings for DWDM networks

We present a statistical analysis of fabrications defects in microring resonators fabricated using 248 nm lithography. We measure the scatter of the resonators' quality factor, extinction ratio, and resonant wavelength and how they in)fluence DWDM networks.
Hydration and Strength Development in Tricalcium Silicate Pastes Seeded with Afwillite

The formation of afwillite in tricalcium silicate pastes initiated by ding with crystals was studied to determine the effects on development of tensile strength. Afwillite forms in pastes only when fresh surfaces of both tricalcium silicate and afwillite seed are exposed by initial grinding. Higher early strengths reflect increased rates of hydration in seeded pastes, but strengths at later ages are lower than those of untreated pastes. At all ages tensile strength is lower at a given degree of hydration in seeded pastes than in unseeded ones; this behavior is considered to result from changes in pore-size distribution which occur as afwillite forms. Afwillite initially forms concomitantly with calcium silicate hydrate gel but later arises from conversion of the gel.
Copper-glassy carbon adhesion: Improvement through 27Al+ implantation

Abstract The adhesion and interfacial chemistry of copper films on glassy carbon (GC) were examined as a function of 27Al+ ion mixing (1 x 1016, 5 x 1016 and 2 x 1017 Al cm-2) through the Cu-GC interface. The as-deposited films were removed at a force of only 1 N during scratch testing. Implantation with 1 x 1016 Al cm-2 had little influence on the critical force required for film removal or the properties of the copper films. Implantation with 5 x 1016 Al cm-2 increased the critical force to 25 N while maintaining film integrity. Implantation with 2 x 1017 Al cm-2 increased the critical force to 45 N, but resulted in significant physical and chemical degradation of the copper films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy analyses suggest that the adhesion increases were primarily the result of ion-induced interfacial chemistry (Cu-Al-C bonding).
Disappearing Arctic sea ice reduces available water in the American west

[1] Recent decreases in Arctic sea ice cover and the probability of continued decreases have raised the question of how reduced Arctic sea ice cover will influence extrapolar climate. Using a fully coupled earth system model, we generate one possible future Arctic sea ice distribution. We use this “future” sea ice distribution and the corresponding sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to run a fixed SST and ice concentration experiment with the goal of determining direct climate responses to the reduction in Arctic sea ice that is projected to occur in the next 50 years. Our results indicate that future reductions in Arctic sea ice cover could significantly reduce available water in the American west and highlight the fact that the most severe impacts of future climate change will likely be at a regional scale.
Property rights and ocean governance.

In their insightful Policy Forum “Resolving mismatches in U.S. ocean governance” (4 Aug., p. [617][1]), L. B. Crowder and colleagues identify several key weaknesses in oceans governance. They propose “ocean zoning” to replace the current “mismatched and fragmented approaches” and ad hoc
Communication Texts and Contexts: Recent Resources for Scholarship and Teaching

Bizzell, P. (Ed.). (2006). Rhetorical Agendas: Political, Ethical, Spiritual. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 400 pp. ISBN: 0-8058-5311-1. $39.95 (paperback). Galician, M.-L., & Merskin, D.L. (Eds.). (2007). Critical Thinking about Sex, Love, and Romance in the Mass Media: Media Literacy Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 424 pp. ISBN: 0-8058-5616-1. $34.95 (paperback). Krolokke, C., & Sorensen, A.S. (2006). Gender Communication Theories and Analyses: From Silence to Performance. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 208 pp. ISBN: 0-7619-2918-5. $72.95 (paperback).
Long‐Run Labor Market Effects of Japanese American Internment during World War II on Working‐Age Male Internees

In 1942, all Japanese were evacuated from the West Coast and incarcerated in internment camps. To investigate the long‐run economic consequences of this historic episode, I exploit the fact that Hawaiian Japanese were not subject to mass internment. I find that the labor market withdrawal induced by the internment reduced the annual earnings of males by as much as 9%–13% 25 years afterward. This is consistent with the predictions of an economic model that equates the labor market withdrawal induced by the internment with a loss of civilian labor market experience or a loss of advantageous job matches.
Biological Reduction of Trichloroethene Supported by Fe(0)

Abstract An anaerobic culture reductively transformed trichloroethene (TCE) in an aqueous medium containing elemental iron as the sole electron source. The TCE disappearance rate was enhanced and the product distribution was markedly altered when the culture was present. In abiotic samples containing Fe(0) but no culture, 11 μmol TCE (equivalent to an aqueous concentration of 260 μM) disappeared over a period of 39 days, with ethene and ethane as the major reduction products. Small amounts of cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE), 1,1‐DCE, and vinyl chloride (VC) also were detected. When the culture was incubated with TCE and Fe(0), the same amount of TCE was transformed in less than 2 weeks. The major products after 39 days were VC, ethene, and ethane. VC accounted for 65% of the initial TCE and appeared to be reduced further to ethene at slow rates. The significant VC production in the culture‐amended samples indicates that most TCE was transformed microbially rather than chemically. The data indicate that abiot...
STUDIES UPON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA IN RABBITS : V. THE ROLE OF THE LEUCOCYTE IN EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA. THE RELATION OF THE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS INJECTED TO THE MORTALITY.

1. The importance of the leucocyte in the resistance of animals to experimental pneumonia is emphasized by the fact that animals treated with benzol, a leucotoxic substance, rapidly succumb to the disease, while animals treated in like manner with toluol, a very similar chemical substance causing no leucopenia, show no decreased resistance. 2. The role of the leucocyte in the resistance of animals to experimental pneumonia is further emphasized by the fact that animals that respond to the pneumococcus infection with a leucocytosis, as occurs after the repeated injection of toluol, are more resistant to the pneumonia. Further, the hyperleucocytosis produced by repeated injection of nutrose before the production of pneumonia likewise seems to increase the resistance of the animals. 3. Experimental pneumonia is not necessarily fatal in rabbits. The factors determining the outcome of the disease are numerous; among these is the number of bacteria inoculated. Animals receiving small doses usually survive, while those receiving comparatively large numbers usually succumb.
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: A potential tool for atmospheric carbon dioxide measurement

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a main contributor to global warming, making up approximately 80% [1] of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Therefore, a precise measurement of the atmospheric CO2 concentration is essential. Although a number of analytical techniques are available for measuring CO2 in air samples, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers a relatively simple and straightforward analysis which is why it was utilized in this study. LIBS requires a simple experimental setup and offers real-time carbon dioxide measurement. The strong C(I) emission line at 247.85 nm was selected for CO2 measurement, which yielded a detection limit of 36 ppm with a pulse energy of 145 mJ. Real-time measurement has been demonstrated: a single measurement can be made in 40 s with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.6%.
Distribution and characteristics of the occluding junctions in a monolayer of a cell line (MDCK) derived from canine kidney

On solid substrates MDCK, a cell line derived from normal dog kidney, forms a confluent monolayer that is studded with “blisters”. Previous studies with this cell line suggest that these hemicysts develop as a result of active fluid accumulation between cell sheet and substratum. One factor that may determine when and how hemicysts appear only in localized sites is the interruption of occluding junctions in nonhemicyst areas. To study this possibility, we compared the permeability characteristics of the occluding junctions in hemicysts and in an uninterrupted monolayer of MDCK grown on a permeable support of collagen-coated nucleopore filter. The spontaneous electrical potential differences were small, without statistical differences between them. Relative ionic permeability coefficients were evaluated from the voltage deflections to imposed salt gradients or to a single ion substitution across both structures. The results showed that the relative permeability ratios for Na+, K+, choline+, and Cl− were the same in hemicysts and the uninterrupted monolayer. These and other results indicate that the junctional complex encircling the apical surface of a sheet of MDCK cells can provide an effective permeability barrier constituting a true occluding junction with the same properties in hemicyst and nonhemicyst areas.
Environmental conditions and biotic interactions influence ecosystem structure and function in a drying stream

Benthic consumers influence stream ecosystem structure and function, but these interactions depend on environmental context. We experimentally quantified the effects of central stoneroller minnows (Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque) and Meek’s crayfish (Orconectes meeki meeki (Faxon)) on benthic communities using electric exclusion quadrats in Little Mulberry Creek before (June) and during (August) seasonal stream drying. Unglazed ceramic tiles were deployed in June and August to measure periphyton and invertebrate abundance, and leafpack decomposition and primary production were also measured in August. Relationships between stoneroller and crayfish density and the size of consumer effects were evaluated with multiple linear regression models. Average chlorophyll a abundance was greater on exposed than exclusion tiles in August, but not in June. Sediment dry mass, periphyton ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and chironomid densities on tiles did not differ among treatments in either period. Leaf packs decayed faster in exposed than exclusion treatments (k exposed = 0.038 ± 0.013, k exclusion = 0.007 ± 0.002), but consumer effects were stronger in some pools than others. Leafpack invertebrate biomass and abundance and tile primary productivity did not differ among treatments. Consumer effects on chlorophyll a were related to crayfish and stoneroller density, and effects on chironomid density were related to stoneroller density. These results contrast with a previous exclusion experiment in Little Mulberry Creek that demonstrated strong consumer effects. The influence of stream drying on consumer effects appears to have been reduced by strong spates, underscoring the importance of conducting multi-year studies to determine the magnitude of variability in ecological interactions.
Analysis of high‐resolution thermal dispersion profiles of DNA: Treatment as a collection of discrete subtransitions

The thermal dissociation of DNA by five distinct local processes as outlined by Azbel [(1980) Biopolymers19, 61–80] is treated as a collection of two-state substransitions. With the traditional expression for loop entropy and the assumption of a small, positive loop-initiation enthalpy, explicit relationships between thermodynamic parameters are derived for all five processes. The effect of each process on subtransitional width, unit enthalpy, and melting temperature is estimated; the latter being in excellent agreement with that predicted by Azbel. Criteria proposed for the deconvolution of the oscillatory high-resolution melting profiles exhibited by short, homogeneous DNAs [Yen & Blake (1980) Biopolymers19, 681–700] have been applied to profiles of SV40 fragment [Gabbarro-Arpa et al. (1979) Nature280, 515–517] and ϕx174-RF DNA at two ionic strengths [Vizard et al. (1978) 275, 250–251] and indicate that dissociation of the strands proceeds as a series of local two-state subtransitions of domains 200–300 base pairs in length. Although the obvious overlap of some subtransitions raises questions about resolution, most sections are very well resolved with the minimum number of subtransitions and yield values for the apparent van't Hoff enthalpy in excellent agreement with those expected by calorimetric measurements. The flexibility of such an approach, where the enthalpy is recognized explicitly as an adjustable parameter, is especially suited for the analysis of profiles from unkown DNA sequences, and for the evaluation of extraordinary variations in free energy, such as that associated with loop formation or that resulting from variations in the linear charge density at low ionic strengths.
Trees with 1-factors and oriented trees

Abstract In this paper we present some results on trees with a 1-factor: generating functions and asymptotics for the number of such trees, labeled, rooted, planted and unlabeled. We show that almost all trees with a 1-factor have nontrivial automorphism groups. We also exhibit constructive correspondences between trees with a 1-factor and oriented trees, which lead to asymptotics for the number of self-converse oriented trees.
Political Field Experiences in Secondary Social Studies.

Convinced that many current social studies pro grams are not effective in teaching government and politics, this writer encourages schools to initiate political field experiences. She describes how, ex plains why, and warns of the problems school ad ministrators are likely to encounter.
Quantitative analyses of the coexistence of gamma-aminobutyric acid in substance P-amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina

Abstract The present study was performed as part of a systematic examination of gamma-aminobutyric acid's (GABA) coexistence with other classical transmitter and neuropeptides in neuronal populations of the larval tiger salamander retina. Substance P immunocytochemistry was combined with either GABA immunocytochemistry or autoradiography of high-affinity GABA uptake to examine for the presence of GABA in substance P-amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. Double-label analyses revealed two populations of substance P-amacrine cells that express both markers of GABA activity. One population was situated in the innermost cell row of the inner nuclear layer, while the other population was located in the ganglion cell layer. In both cases, these double-labelled cells accounted for approximately 10% of substance P-amacrine cells in their respective layers. The present study demonstrates, therefore, that substance P-amacrine cells in the larval tiger salamander retina can be categorized on the basis of their coexisting/non-coexisting relationships with GABA and suggests a possible functional diversity in the population of substance P-amacrine cells.
Acceleration of typical atrial flutter due to double-wave reentry induced by programmed electrical stimulation.

Background—Acceleration of reentrant tachycardia induced by programmed electrical stimulation is a well-documented phenomenon, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods and Results—Twelve patients with typical atrial flutter were studied. Activation sequence of the underlying reentrant circuit was recorded by multiple multipolar electrodes placed in the right atrium. In five patients, 27 episodes of atrial flutter acceleration were induced by single extrastimuli delivered in the isthmus between the tricuspid annulus and eustachian ridge (TA-ER isthmus) and one by rapid overdrive atrial pacing. Analyses of the activation sequences, intracardiac electrograms, and 12-lead surface ECG P-wave morphology indicated that the acceleration was caused by two successive activation wave fronts circulating in the same direction along the same reentrant circuit (double-wave reentry, DWR). DWR was induced only within a narrow range of coupling interval, from 2 to 45 ms beyond the effective refractory period, a...
Effects of pre-pressurization on blast response of clamped aluminum plates

Abstract The effects of static pre-pressurization on the blast response of square aluminum plates were studied both experimentally and numerically. Static pre-pressurization values in the range of 0–62.1 kPa (0–9.0 psi) were chosen to represent in-flight loads experienced by the outer skin of a commercial aircraft fuselage due to cabin pressurization. Experimentally, a vacuum vessel system was used to apply a static pressure differential to the test plate. Bare spherical explosive charges were then detonated at a fixed distance from the plate. For load levels that induced only elastic plate deflections, dynamic strains were measured with strain gages located at the center of the test plate. Strain data were recorded for eighteen explosive tests that considered two unique charge sizes. In addition to the experimental work, numerical predictions of the dynamic plate response were determined using finite element analysis. A comparison of the dynamic (elastic) plate strains determined experimentally with those predicted with the finite element method shows good correlation. Only a slight increase (less than 10%) in peak strains was observed as static pre-pressurization increased from 0.0 to 62.1 kPa. For blast load levels that induced plastic deformation in the plates, permanent plate deflections were measured for twenty-four explosive tests at four different blast intensities. A comparison of (plastic) plate deformations determined experimentally with those predicted with the finite element method shows good correlation. For the four explosive load cases studied, no significant change in permanent plate deformations was observed as static pre-pressurization increased from 0.0 to 62.1 kPa.
Ethical concerns related to grateful patient philanthropy: the physician's perspective.

BACKGROUND Philanthropic contributions to academic medical centers from grateful patients support research, patient care, education, and capital projects. The goal of this study was to identify the ethical concerns associated with philanthropic gifts from grateful patients.
Distribution of Coronary Artery Calcium by Race, Gender, and Age Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Background— Coronary artery calcium (CAC) has been demonstrated to be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) provides a unique opportunity to examine the distribution of CAC on the basis of age, gender, and race/ethnicity in a cohort free of clinical cardiovascular disease and treated diabetes. Methods and Results— MESA is a prospective cohort study designed to investigate subclinical cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic cohort free of clinical cardiovascular disease. The percentiles of the CAC distribution were estimated with nonparametric techniques. Treated diabetics were excluded from analysis. There were 6110 included in the analysis, with 53% female and an average age of 62 years. Men had greater calcium levels than women, and calcium amount and prevalence were steadily higher with increasing age. There were significant differences in calcium by race, and these associations differed across age and gender. For women, whites had the high...
Trace analysis with automatic printout based on reaction rate measurements: determination of osmium

Abstract An instrument is described which measures reaction rates and converts the information to a voltage which is calibrated to read the concentration of the desired constituent. It is applied to the determination of trace amounts of osmium in solution, based upon catalysis of the Ce(IV)-As(III) reaction. The instrument is versatile, sensitive, and capable of high precision. After a short calibration procedure, it is necessary only to activate the instrument once between runs, and the concentration of sample is printed on tape automatically. Osmium is determined in the 1–60 p.p.b. range with relative standard deviations and accuracy of about 1%. At the lower end of the concentration range this corresponds to an error of about 2.5·10 -11 g of osmium. Measurement times range between 15 and 150 sec with average analysis times of 3–4 min per sample, including initial calibration and other manipulations.
Spatial Analysis of Weather Crash Patterns

Spatial statistical techniques can be an effective tool for analyzing patterns and autocorrelation in crash data, especially weather-related crashes. Since weather is a geographic phenomenon, it tends to show distinct geographic patterns affecting certain locations more than others. Accordingly, “weather-related” crashes may also display similar distinct patterns or clustering. The objective of this research was to use spatial statistical techniques to identify significant patterns of weather-related crashes. Weather-related crashes, defined as those crashes which occurred in adverse weather conditions, were analyzed using the Getis-Ord Gi* (d) statistic. The statistic reveals spatial patterns for weather-related crashes which are clustered at different locations depending upon weather conditions (snow, rain, and fog). The results also show geographic areas (counties) of statistically significant high and low relative crash rates for each weather condition. Furthermore, the resulting patterns of crashes w...
Calcium-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from glial tumor cells.

Abstract A Ca 2+ -dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase has been identified in homogenates of C-6 glial tumor cells. The Ca 2+ -dependent phosphodiesterase was resolved by ECTEOLA-cellulose chromatography into two fractions. One fraction contained a protein regulator of the enzyme which was identical to a homogeneous Ca 2+ -binding protein (CDR) from porcine brain by the criteria of electrophoretic migration, biological activity, heat stability, and behavior in diverse chromatographic systems. The second fraction contained deactivated enzyme (CDR-dependent phosphodiesterase) which regained full activity upon the readdition of both Ca 2+ and CDR. In subcellular fractionation experiments both the CDR and the Ca 2+ -dependent phosphodiesterase were predominantly located in the 100,000 g supernatant fraction. The apparent K m values of the phosphodiesterase for cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) were 10 and 1.2 μ m , respectively, when CDR was not rate limiting. Minor increases in the apparent K m for cAMP were observed at rate-limiting concentrations of CDR. At the ratio of CDR to CDR-dependent enzyme present in the C-6 cell homogenate, half-maximal activation was conferred by 4 μ m Ca 2+ for the hydrolysis of 25 μ m cGMP and by 8 μ m Ca 2+ for the hydrolysis of 25 μ m cAMP. Increased ratios of CDR to CDR-dependent phosphodiesterase increased the sensitivity of the enzyme to Ca 2+ . The enzyme was more sensitive to CDR with cGMP as substrate than with cAMP, and more sensitive at high than at low cyclic nucleotide substrate concentrations. The quantity of enzyme in the assay also influenced the amount of CDR required for half-maximal activation.
The position of integration affects expression of the Aγ-globin-encoding gene linked to HS3 in transgenic mice

Proper expression of the human β-globin (βGlb) locus is dependent on the presence of a major regulatory element located upstream from the βGlb gene cluster, the locus control region (LCR). The LCR, as well as the individual DNase-I-hypersensitive sites from which it is composed, have been shown to provide position-of-integration-independent expression in transgenic mice. Here, we report that a transgenic founder carrying multiple integrations of a hypersensitive site 3::Aγ globin gene (HS3::Aγ) construct produced three types of progeny, one with zero Aγ expression in the adult stage, one with minimal Aγ expression (1% of Aγ-expressing cells) and one with abundant Aγ expression (100% Aγ-expressing cells). The possibility that these phenotypes were due to parental imprinting or to DNA rearrangements of the transgene or to point mutations of the HS3 core or the Aγ promoter were excluded. The pattern of inheritance of the three HS3::Aγ transgene phenotypes indicate that the transgene has integrated into three different chromosomes. These results provide direct evidence that the HS3 of the LCR is not sufficient to protect the Aγ gene from position effects excerted by the surrounding chromatin.
Recruitment Thresholds of Lower-Lip Motor Units with Changes in Movement Direction

Recruitment threshold may provide a useful measure for understanding the functional organization of speech muscles. The objective of the present study was to describe the recruitment thresholds of ...
Diapause in the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hübn.)

Abstract Diapause in mature larvae of the European corn borer was found to be associated with three readily discernible characteristics: (1) arrested gonadal development; (2) failure to pupate shortly after cessation of larval feeding; (3) reduction of oxygen consumption to about 25 per cent that of non-diapause mature borer larvae. Diapause was found to be induced by photoperiods of from 9 to 15·5 hr of light per 24-hr period. Within this range of photoperiods, incidence of diapause was inversely proportional to the rearing temperature employed, except that with 10·5–13·5 hr photoperiods all larvae entered diapause without regard to the ambient temperature. At moderate rearing temperature (23–25°C), the mean threshold photoperiod was 15·4 hr of light per 24 hr. The diapause threshold for photoperiods under 13 hr was not determined. The physiological changes associated with diapause were found to be largely reversible up to at least the early part of the fifth larval instar. No critical growth stage for diapause determination was detected.
Persistent Genital Hyperinnervation Following Progesterone Administration to Adolescent Female Rats

Provoked vestibulodynia, a female pelvic pain syndrome affecting substantial numbers of women, is characterized by genital hypersensitivity and sensory hyperinnervation. Previous studies have shown that the risk of developing provoked vestibulodynia is markedly elevated following adolescent use of oral contraceptives with high progesterone content. We hypothesized that progesterone, a steroid hormone with known neurotropic properties, may alter genital innervation through direct or indirect actions. Female Sprague Dawley rats received progesterone (20 mg/kg subcutaneously) from Days 20-27; tissue was removed for analysis in some rats on Day 28, while others were ovariectomized on Day 43 and infused for 7 days with vehicle or 17beta estradiol. Progesterone resulted in overall increases in vaginal innervation at both Day 28 and 50 due to proliferation of peptidergic sensory and sympathetic (but not parasympathetic) axons. Estradiol reduced innervation in progesterone-treated and untreated groups. To assess the mechanisms of sensory hyperinnervation, we cultured dissociated dorsal root ganglion neurons and found that progesterone increases neurite outgrowth by small unmyelinated (but not myelinated) sensory neurons, it was receptor mediated, and it was nonadditive with NGF. Pretreatment of ganglion with progesterone also increased neurite outgrowth in response to vaginal target explants. However, pretreatment of vaginal target with progesterone did not improve outgrowth. We conclude that adolescent progesterone exposure may contribute to provoked vestibulodynia by eliciting persistent genital hyperinnervation via a direct effect on unmyelinated sensory nociceptor neurons and that estradiol, a well-documented therapeutic, may alleviate symptoms in part by reducing progesterone-induced sensory hyperinnervation.
A parallelizable iterative procedure for the Helmholtz problem

Abstract A parallelizable iterative procedure based on domain decomposition techniques is defined and analyzed for finite difference approximate solutions for the Helmholtz problem. An automatic efficient strategy for choosing the algorithm parameter is presented. Numerical results are reported.
Beam-beam luminosity limitation in electron-positron colliding rings

To account for observed luminosity limitations in electron-positron colliding rings we identify parametric pumping of vertical betatron oscillations by horizontal oscillations as the leading effect, solve the nonlinear single-particle equation exactly, obtain the strong-beam-strong-beam equilibrium by numerical simulation, calculate the luminosity, and identify regions of bad beam lifetime.
The rat osteocalcin fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-responsive element: an okadaic acid-sensitive, FGF-selective transcriptional response motif.

We recently identified a bipartite element in the rat osteocalcin (OC) promoter that confers synergistic induction by fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGF2) and cAMP. A GCAGTCA motif (OCFRE) at -146 to -138 in the OC promoter is necessary for synergy and participates in a FGF2-regulated DNA-protein interaction. We have isolated the FGF-regulated component of this transcriptional response for detailed study. Two or three copies of the OC promoter fragment -154 to -113 with the intact OCFRE confer 10- or 30-fold FGF2-inductive responses, respectively, on the unresponsive basal promoter 92 OCLUC (luciferase reporter) in MC3T3-E1 cells; a single copy is insufficient. As in the native context, induction depends upon an intact OCFRE motif (mutant GCATTTA motifs unresponsive). FGF receptor 1 can mediate activation; expression of this receptor in L6 cells (no endogenous FGF receptors) permits FGF2 induction of (OCFRE)2 92 OCLUC. FGF2 induction of (OCFRE)2 92 OCLUC in MC3T3-E1 cells is not recapitulated by pla...
Solvolytic enolization of scytalone.

The major conformation of scytalone has an envelope shape with C3 forming the flap and the C3 hydroxyl in the equatorial position as determined by quantum mechanical calculations and corroborated by NMR. The C2 axial pro-R is slower to exchange with solvent than the equatorial pro-S hydrogen. Modeling the transition state for enolate formation points to a deprotonation through the flipped envelope conformation in which the C3-hydroxyl and the C2 pro-S hydrogen are axial.
Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms and Treatment Options

: Neuropathic pain results from damage to the nervous system. The diseases responsible for neuropathic pain are diverse but they may have in common pathophysiological mechanisms. This review will focus on these mechanisms both in the peripheral as well as within the central nervous system. In addition, there will be discussion on the various treatment choices including both pharamcological and interventional options.
Two-photon-excited stimulated emission from atomic oxygen in rf plasmas: detection and estimation of its threshold

Abstract The two-photon-excited stimulated emission from the atomic-oxygen 3 3 P → 3 3 S transition is observed in a discharge environment and its threshold is determined by means of a calibration technique for the two-photon allowed laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) signal. For the atomic oxygen concentrations and the laser powers used in our experiments, we found a relatively constant threshold, N thr = (2.5 ± 0.4) × 10 14 atoms/cm 3 , for the stimulated emission. The reduction of the laser-induced fluorescence signal due to rapid depletion of the laser-excited level by stimulated emission did not exceed 30%, up to O-atom concentrations 3 N thr .
Bridging the Digital Divide: Community Radio's Potential for Extending Information and Communication Technology Benefits to Poor Rural Communities in South Africa

This study explored the potential of community radio stations to extend information and communication technology benefits to rural communities in South Africa. Using face-to-face interviews, document analysis, observation method, and community conversations, the study examined 10 community radio stations in 10 rural communities in South Africa and found that they are popular, accessible, and affordable, and enjoy the support of their owner-communities but lack the human and material resources necessary for extending ICT benefits to their stakeholder communities. Suggestions on how to more fully develop the community radio stations' potential are provided.
Outcome of elderly patients injured at winter resorts

Abstract Objective This study examined hospital outcomes in elderly patients injured at winter resorts. Methods The study included patients age 12 and over who presented to a regional trauma center with an acute injury sustained at a winter resort. Injury information was prospectively obtained using a questionnaire. Emergency department and hospital data were obtained from trauma registry and hospital records. Results Six hundred ninety-three patients presented during the study period (67 were ≥65 years). Elderly patients were more likely to have a preexisting health condition (31% vs 4%, P P P P Conclusion Active elderly patients injured at winter resorts had higher inpatient admission rates and longer hospital length of stay when compared with a younger cohort, despite lower injury severity scores and comparable discharge outcomes.
CD87 as a marker for terminal granulocytic maturation: assessment of its expression during granulopoiesis.

Background Understanding the normal surface maturation pattern of granulocytes is essential for the recognition of abnormal patterns, which in turn may be of diagnostic or pathogenetic significance in disorders such as myelodysplastic syndromes and inherited bone marrow failure disorders. CD87 plays a role in cellular interaction, cell migration, and inflammatory response. Surface expression of this antigen has not been adequately studied on bone marrow granulocytes, and the small number of previous studies has provided conflicting data. Methods Bone marrow aspirates from 11 control subjects were studied by flow cytometry and a lysed whole blood technique to compare surface expression of CD87 on marrow granulocytes with those of CD11b, CD16, CD35, and CD10, which are expressed at the myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band, and segmented stage of neutrophilic development, respectively. Four sorting experiments of CD87+ granulocytes were also performed. Results Our study showed no statistical difference between surface expression of CD35 and CD87 (P > 0.3), whereas significant differences existed between CD87 and the other antibodies (P < 0.004). Sorting experiments showed that more than 80% of CD87+ cells were bands and segmented neutrophils. Dual staining for CD87 and CD35 showed that most CD87+ granulocytes coexpress CD35. Conclusions CD87 is expressed on granulocytes at the band and segmented neutrophil stage of development and can be used to study normal and abnormal granulopoiesis. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 51B:9–13, 2003. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mono-allelic and bi-allelic ENPP1 deficiency promote post-injury neointimal hyperplasia associated with increased C/EBP homologous protein expression

Objective Bi-allelic function-inactivating ENPP1 mutations cause artery media calcification (AMC) with associated severe myointimal hyperplasia in generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), whereas mono-allelic ENPP1 deficiency is phenotypically normal. Here, we tested if ENPP1 deficiency promotes abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-driven responses to injury, with or without calcification. The ER stress mediator C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) affects neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis, and has paradoxical effects on bone formation. Hence, we assessed relationships between ENPP1 and CHOP in VSMCs.
ED endovaginal pelvic ultrasound in nonpregnant women with right lower quadrant pain.

Abstract Introduction We hypothesized that emergency physician–performed endovaginal ultrasound (EVUS) would change diagnostic decision making in nonpregnant women with right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain. Methods A prospective cohort of female patients was enrolled at an urban emergency department (ED). Inclusion criteria were RLQ pain, hemodynamic stability, and a strong suspicion for appendicitis or right adnexal pathology. Treating physicians were queried regarding pre– and post–ED EVUS probability of disease, differential diagnoses, consultation, and management. Positive findings included large cysts or multitissue densities, tubal dilation, uterine enlargement/mass, and extensive peritoneal fluid. Results With a positive ED EVUS, mean physician probability increased for gynecologic (24%) and decreased for both surgical (14%) and medical (20%) disease. With a negative ED EVUS, mean physician probability increased for surgical disease (5.3%) and decreased for gynecologic disease (18.6%). Conclusion Emergency department EVUS changes physician diagnostic decision making in nonpregnant women with undifferentiated RLQ pain.
Sustained hypertension; predisposing factors and causes of disability and death.

In previous publications 1 statistical analyses have been made to indicate the prognostic significance of transient hypertension, transient tachycardia and overweight. It has been shown that the presence of each of these three conditions, by itself, increases the probability of the later development of sustained hypertension and of retirement or death with cardiovascularrenal disease. The presence of two of these conditions is of greater importance in this respect than that of any one alone. The presence of all three is a circumstance of major prognostic importance. The present study is intended to integrate the earlier reports. Because of the relatively small number of men who died during the periods of observation, retirements for disability and deaths have now been grouped together as medical casualties in service. In addition, the frequency of the primary causes of retirement and death have been tabulated for the cases with sustained hypertension. And finally, conclusions
Synthesis of tritium‐labelled fenoxycarb and S‐31183, two phenoxyphenyl ether insect growth regulators

Using 4-(m-bromophenoxy)phenol as an intermediate, two brominated phenoxyphenyl ether IGRs were prepared. Reductive tritiodebromination of the bromo IGRs furnished high specific activity tritium-labelled fenoxycarb and S-31183, which can be used to study the molecular action of these two potent juvenoid-type IGRs.
Free-Ranging Rhesus Monkeys: Age and Sex Differences in Individual Activity Patterns

Two hundred thirty of the feral rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago were observed individually for postural adjustments, locomotor behavior, manipulation, and other nonsocial activities. Both form and frequency of activity were influenced strongly by age; sex differences were minimal. Most activities decreased with age, but head movements, presumably reflecting visual scanning, were more frequent in adults.
Stabilization and tracking in the nonholonomic integrator via sliding modes

Abstract In this paper we use an approach based on sliding mode control to design a feedback which stabilizes the origin for the so-called nonholonomic integrator or Heisenberg system, a particular case of a canonical class of nonlinear driftless control systems of the form x =B(x)u which fail Brockett's necessary condition for the existence of a smooth stabilizing feedback.
The nucleotide sequence of a full length cDNA clone encoding rat liver urate oxidase.

Abstract Recently we reported the sequence of a cDNA clone (pUOX-1), isolated from a λgtll cDNA library, which encoded for rat liver urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3), but this clone lacked the nucleotide sequences encoding the N-terminal region for this enzyme. Using the cDNA insert from the pUOX-1 clone as a probe, we have now isolated a full length cDNA clone, pUOX-2, from a λgt10 library by plaque hybridization. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the pUOX-2 clone showed that it has 1379 base pairs with an open reading frame coding for 303 amino acid residues corresponding to a molecular mass of 34,931 daltons. In addition to the open reading frame the pUOX-2 contains 439 bp of 3′-untranslated and 41 bp of 5′-untranslated sequences. The consensus polyadenylation signal AATAAA precedes a stretch of poly(A)+ residues at the 3′ end.
Advances In Ultraviolet Laser Design

At present, high power argon lasers are used extensively in modern graphics installations. In particular, ultraviolet lasers are being widely employed in newspaper plate-making systems and yet these lasers place the most stringent demands on existing commercial laser technology. The advanced research, design and manufacturing considerations for ultraviolet ion lasers are the subject of this talk.
Brightness discrimination following forebrain ablation in fish

The effect of forebrain ablation on brightness discrimination in goldfish has been studied. Cardiac deceleration, a conditioned autonomic response, was used as the measure of discrimination in a series of goldfish. Normal and forebrainablated fish were trained to discriminate between two gray stimuli of different brightness. If the experimental animal made this brightness discrimination in thirty-five trials it was subsequently tested on a black and white stimulus pair to see whether the fish was capable of stimulus generalization. If the fish did not make the brightness discrimination, it was trained to discriminate a different set of stimuli to show that it was conditionable. It was found that forebrain ablation did not result in any loss in the ability of these operated fish to make a brightness discrimination. In fact, the operated animals learned the brightness discrimination more rapidly than normal animals. Furthermore, the forebrainless fish were able to generalize to another brightness problem. Control tests were run to substantiate this finding.
GALAXY MERGERS AND DARK MATTER HALO MERGERS IN ΛCDM: MASS, REDSHIFT, AND MASS-RATIO DEPENDENCE

A high-resolution LCDM N-body simulation is employed to present merger rate predictions for dark matter halos and to investigate how common merger-related observables—such as close pair counts, starburst counts, and the morphologically disturbed fraction—are likely scale with luminosity, stellar mass, and redshift from z = 0 to z = 4. We provide a simple ‘universal’ fitting formula that describes our derived merger rates for dark matter halos a function of halo mass, merger mass ratio, and redshift. Using number density-matching as a means of assigning galaxy properties to halos, we show, for example, that the instantaneous merger rate of r > 0.3 mass ratio events into typical L & f L∗ galaxies follows the simple relation dN/dt ≃ 0.03(1 + f)Gyr −1 (1 + z) 2.1 . Despite the rapid increase in merger rate with redshift, only a small fraction of > 0.4L∗ high-redshift galaxies (∼ 3% at z = 2) should have experienced a major merger (m/M > 0.3) in the very recent past (t < 100 Myr). This suggests that short-lived, merger-induced bursts of star formation should not contribute significantly to the global star formation rate at early times, in agreement with observational indications. In contrast, a fairly high fraction (∼ 20%) of those z = 2 galaxies should have experienced a morphologically transformative merger within a virial dynamical time. We compare our results to observational merger rate estimates from both morphological indicators and pair-fraction based determinations between z = 0 − 2 and show that they agree with our predictions to within observational uncertainties. We find that a majority of bright z = 3 Lyman Break Galaxy halos should have undergone a major merger in the last 500 Myr and conclude that mergers almost certainly play an important role in delivering baryons and influencing the kinematic properties of the highest redshift galaxies. Subject headings: cosmology: theory — dark matter — galaxies: formation — galaxies: halos — methods: N-body simulations
Trigger warnings and the porn studies classroom

Journalists, administrators, scholars, and activists have debated whether trigger warnings (or content warnings) – short disclaimers used to make online spaces more accessible to users managing tra...
Predicting Student Performance in Accounting Classes

Abstract This article reports the results of a four-semester (2-year) study whose goal was to develop predictive models of student success in intermediate accounting. Regression and discriminant analysis were employed with several independent variables. The results suggest that an internally generated diagnostic examination score and overall grade point average are most closely related to the course grade in the first semester intermediate accounting class. The results reported here suggest that accounting departments can be fairly successful in identifying those students who are most likely to succeed in intermediate accounting.