cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of convective adjustment time scale on the tropical transient activity

The influence of convective adjustment time scale (τ) in simulating the tropical transient activity is examined using the NCAR-Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). In the default configuration of the model, the prescribed value of τ, a characteristic time scale with which convective available potential energy (CAPE) is removed at an exponential rate by convection, is assumed to be 1 h. However, some recent observational findings suggest that it is larger by around one order of magnitude, and subsequent modeling studies showed its impact on mean climate and suggest a value of 8 h. To see if alteration of this time scale could affect the transient features of climate, numerical experiments are conducted in aqua-planet and real-planet frameworks. The analysis includes the tropical intraseasonal variability (ISV), convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEW), diurnal and sub-diurnal variability of precipitation, and intensity and frequency of rainfall. Two sets of simulations are conducted: one with a time scale of 1 h (CTRL) and another with 8 h (EXPT). EXPT produces more reasonable ISV, with prominent, coherent, and organized eastward propagation. The active phases of the ISV constitute hierarchical substructures embedded within them, which are absent in CTRL. The Kelvin waves become slow, Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) become energetic, n = 1 equatorial Rossby (ER) and n = 0 eastward inertio-gravity (EIG) waves become prominent, with the increase of τ. On the contrary, the mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG) waves at higher wavenumber regimes become weak. The amplitude of diurnal variability decreases, but the phase remains largely unchanged. At sub-diurnal scales, the variability of precipitation increases. In CTRL, precipitation always occurs in the tropics with light or moderate intensity, which becomes intermittent when τ is increased to 8 h.
Effect of Water and Oxygen on the Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Initiated by Aluminum Alkyls, Bipyridyls, and Nitroxyl Radicals

Effect of water and oxygen on the polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by aluminum alkyls, bipyridyls and TEMPO is reported. Reactions with nearly complete exclusion of water and oxygen is very slow and provides a mixture of oligomers in a few hours. With small amounts of oxygen (0.01 to 0.05 mol %) and water (0.05 to 0.08 mol %), reactions were significantly accelerated, however, at higher concentrations of water and oxygen, the polymerization rates decreased and polydispersities were higher.
Water cooling system for an air-breathing hypersonic test vehicle

This study provides concepts for hypersonic experimental scramjet test vehicles which have low cost and low risk. Cryogenic hydrogen is used as the fuel and coolant. Secondary water cooling systems were designed. Three concepts are shown: an all hydrogen cooling system, a secondary open loop water cooled system, and a secondary closed loop water cooled system. The open loop concept uses high pressure helium (15,000 psi) to drive water through the cooling system while maintaining the pressure in the water tank. The water flows through the turbine side of the turbopump to pump hydrogen fuel. The water is then allowed to vent. In the closed loop concept high pressure, room temperature, compressed liquid water is circulated. In flight water pressure is limited to 6000 psi by venting some of the water. Water is circulated through cooling channels via an ejector which uses high pressure gas to drive a water jet. The cooling systems are presented along with finite difference steady-state and transient analysis results. The results from this study indicate that water used as a secondary coolant can be designed to increase experimental test time, produce minimum venting of fluid and reduce overall development cost.
Cognitive Skills in the Charitable Giving Decisions of the Elderly

Charitable giving is a common, and easily measurable, form of prosocial behavior. It may also provide a unique cognitive challenge in that it often requires identifying with the needs of distant others. Using a sample of 331 cognitively normal seniors (mean age of 76), this study examined the relationship between charitable giving and scores on 18 different narrowly-focused cognitive tests. Only those cognitive tests involving spatial memory and drawing tasks were statistically significant in predicting the presence of charitable giving. This finding corresponds with neuroscience studies suggesting that spatial memory and social-emotional functions may involve related brain areas.
Formal completion of the Jacobians of plane curves and higher real K-theories

Abstract In this note we will study the formal completion of the Jacobian of a certain class of curves over p -adic rings. These curves generalize the Legendre family of elliptic curves. As an immediate application, we will describe the representation which is crucial for calculating the initial term of the spectral sequence, converging to the homotopy groups of the higher real K -theories E O n .
On Footloose Industries and Labor Disputes with Endogenous Information Asymmetry

If capital becomes internationally mobile but labor does not, are outcomes of labor disputes tilted in favor of workers or employers? In this paper, we show that the answer depends critically on how the information structure of the dispute changes endogenously with capital mobility, and in addition, whether international investment incentives selectively favor the outflow of capital from the most or the least productive firms. In doing so, this paper brings together three strands of literature that are not often seen together—incentive compatible contracting, wage and unemployment outcomes of labor disputes, and international capital mobility with heterogeneous firms.
Magnetic properties of iron yoke laminations for SSC dipole magnets

The authors examine the magnetic properties for the iron used in the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) yoke laminations so that the accelerator tolerance can be met. The accelerator requirements for field quality specify a tolerance on the variation in the central field. At machine injection the variation in field is attributed to coercivity, H/sub c/. Requirements on the magnitude and the variation of H/sub c/ are presented. At the 6.65-T operating field the variation in the saturation magnetization dominates the magnetic tolerance for the iron. >
Design of a Repairable Redundant Computer

The design of a repairable redundant computer is discussed using the Von Neumann multiplexing scheme. The general considerations, as well as the reasons for selecting this type of redundancy, are given. A reliability model of the redundant equipment is presented with resulting curves for estimating the reliability improvement and the additional cost of the redundant equipment. The mean time between failures of a typical redundant computer is shown to be several orders of magnitude greater than that of the nonredundant version of the same computer.
SEPARABLE LEAST SQUARES, VARIABLE PROJECTION, AND THE GAUSS-NEWTON ALGORITHM ∗

A regression problem is separable if the model can be represented as a linear combination of func- tions which have a nonlinear parametric dependence. The Gauss-Newton algorithm is a method for minimizing the residual sum of squares in such problems. It is known to be effective both when residuals are small, and when mea- surement errors are additive and the data set is large. The la rge data set result that the iteration asymptotes to a second order rate as the data set size becomes unbounded is sketched here. Variable projection is a technique introduced by Golub and Pereyra for reducing the separable estimation problem to one of minimizing a sum of squares in the nonlinear parameters only. The application of Gauss-Newton to minimize this sum of squares (the RGN algorithm) is known to be effective in small residual problems. The main result presented is that the RGN algorithm shares the good convergence rate behaviour of the Gauss-Newton algorithm on large data sets even though the errors are no longer additive. A modification of the RGN algorithm due to Kaufman, which aims to reduce its computational cost, is shown to produce iterates which are almost identical to those of the Gauss-Newton algorithm on the original problem. Aspects of the question of which algorithm is preferable are discussed briefly, and an example is used to illustrate the importance of the large data set behaviour.
The effectiveness of different buffer widths for protecting water quality and macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages of headwater streams in Maine, USA

We evaluated the effect of timber harvesting on water quality and macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in first-order streams in Maine, USA. Fifteen streams were assigned to one of five tre...
Sports Participation and High Grade Renal Injuries in Children

ABSTRACTPurpose: The risk of major renal injury resulting from various forms of sports participation is unknown. Urologists often recommend that children with a solitary kidney avoid contact sports. We reviewed our recent experience with pediatric renal trauma to determine if there is an association between different types of sports activity and high grade renal injury.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 68 consecutive children with blunt renal injury who were treated at 2 level I trauma centers. Injuries were graded using the renal injury scale of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Records were reviewed for mechanism of injury, associated injuries, management and injury severity score. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results: Of the 68 renal lesions 13 were grade I, 15 grade II, 15 grade III, 17 grade IV and 8 grade V. The most common cause of renal trauma was motor vehicle accidents, accounting ...
Abdominal 64-MDCT for suspected appendicitis: the use of oral and IV contrast material versus IV contrast material only.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of IV contrast-enhanced 64-MDCT with and without the use of oral contrast material in diagnosing appendicitis in patients with abdominal pain.MATERIALS AND METHODS. We conducted a randomized trial of a convenience sample of adult patients presenting to an urban academic emergency department with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain and clinical suspicion of appendicitis, diverticulitis, or small-bowel obstruction. Patients were enrolled between 8 am and 11 pm when research assistants were present. Consenting subjects were randomized into one of two groups: Group 1 subjects underwent 64-MDCT performed with oral and IV contrast media and group 2 subjects underwent 64-MDCT performed solely with IV contrast material. Three expert radiologists independently reviewed the CT examinations, evaluating for the presence of appendicitis. Each radiologist interpreted 202 examinations, ensuring that each examination was interpreted by two radiolo...
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy following off-pump cardiac bypass surgery

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a well-described cause of visual loss in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The etiology of AION following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is believed to be multifactorial. Microembolisation and pump-related platelet dysfunction have been considered risk factors for the development of AION following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Currently, 10-15% of cardiac procedures are performed without cardiopulmonary bypass to reduce morbidity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of a patient who underwent off-pump cardiac surgery and developed an AION postoperatively. The patient's potential risk factors were severe anemia, new onset of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate, hypotension postoperatively, a small optic disc, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and a past medical history of hypertension and coronary artery disease.
An optical aspect sensor for the gamma ray imaging device

The function and operation of the aspect sensor for the gamma ray imaging device (GRID) are presented. Each of the aspect sensor systems and how they work together to determine the pointing aspect of the GRID telescope are discussed. A description of the sun simulator used in laboratory testing is included, along with the methods for testing the aspect sensor in both the laboratory and in the full-scale GRID mock-up. >
Predictors of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Chronic Pain Patients

Objective. We used Andersen's behavioral model of healthcare utilization to assess the relationship between sociodemographic, physical and psycho- social factors, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use among chronic pain patients. Three practitioner-based alternative therapies were considered: acupuncture, biofeedback/relaxation training, and manipulation services. Design. A retrospective analysis of self-reported clinical data with 5,750 black and white adults pre- senting for initial assessment between 1994 and 2000 at the University of Michigan Multidisciplinary Pain Center was performed. Results. CAM therapies were used in high frequen- cies, with 34.7% users. Specifically 8.3% used acu- puncture, 13.0% used biofeedback/relaxation, and 24.9% used manipulation techniques. Race and age were predisposing factors associated with CAM use. Blacks used less biofeedback/relaxation and manipulation services than whites. Aging was related to more acupuncture, but less biofeedback/ relaxation use. Women marginally used more biofeedback/relaxation services than men, and edu- cation was positively associated with all three CAM use. Perceived pain control was a consistent enabling factor positively correlated with the use of all three CAM services. Among need factors, pain characteristics and physical health were positively associated with at least one of the modalities. Depressive symptoms were not related to CAM ser- vices use. Conclusion. This study identifies variable patterns of CAM usage based on sociodemographic and health factors in chronic pain patients. Overall, who uses CAM depends on the modality; however, edu- cation, pain severity, and pain duration are persis- tent correlates of CAM usage regardless of the therapy considered. We found that mental health, as measured by depressive symptoms, had no notice- able impact on CAM usage among chronic pain patients. The clinical, policy, and research implica- tions of CAM use are discussed.
A circuit characterization of principal and refined partition of graphs

The principal partition and the refined partition of a graph are useful in hybrid analysis of electrical networks, and in the solutions of some noncircuit problems. Definitions of such partitions of a graph are normally based on concepts from graph theory. The purpose is to provide alternative definitions of these concepts without the use of any graph-theoretic concepts such as maximally distant tree pair, extremal tree, hybrid tree, or complementary tree. It is shown that even the concept of tree is not essential to the intrinsic properties of the principal and refined partition of a graph. The author shows that the partitioning can be defined strictly using basic concepts in traditional circuit analysis, such as nodal analysis. >
Cohesive Phrase-Based Decoding for Statistical Machine Translation

Phrase-based decoding produces state-of-theart translations with no regard for syntax. We add syntax to this process with a cohesion constraint based on a dependency tree for the source sentence. The constraint allows the decoder to employ arbitrary, non-syntactic phrases, but ensures that those phrases are translated in an order that respects the source tree’s structure. In this way, we target the phrasal decoder’s weakness in order modeling, without affecting its strengths. To further increase flexibility, we incorporate cohesion as a decoder feature, creating a soft constraint. The resulting cohesive, phrase-based decoder is shown to produce translations that are preferred over non-cohesive output in both automatic and human evaluations.
Gene transfer to ovarian cancer versus normal tissues with fiber-modified adenoviruses.

Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) displays unparalleled gene transfer efficacy to cells with high coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression. Unfortunately, cells isolated from clinical human cancers, both ovarian and other types, express highly variable and often low levels of CAR. Fortunately, native Ad5 tropism can be modified to circumvent CAR deficiency and to enhance infectivity. Ad5/3luc1 incorporates the serotype 3 fiber knob and binds to a receptor distinct from CAR, while the fiber of Ad5lucRGD is modified with an RGD-4C motif, allowing CAR-independent binding to integrins. We studied the liver tropism and blood clearance of these viruses after intravenous (i.v.) injection, and biodistribution after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to tumor-bearing mice. To estimate efficacy, we assessed gene transfer to purified human primary ovarian cancer cells, and in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. Ad5/3luc1 achieved improved gene transfer over Ad5lucRGD, and both infectivity-enhanced viruses were superior to the isogenic control with an unmodified Ad5 capsid. In the presence of malignant ascites, gene transfer was improved with both Ad5/3luc1 and Ad5lucRGD. Thus, retargeting to the Ad3 receptor enhances gene transfer to clinically relevant ovarian cancer substrates, while the mouse toxicity and biodistribution profile of both fiber-modified Ad vectors is comparable to Ad5.
Comparison of the contributions of the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments to global gene expression in human cells

In the most general sense, studies involving global analysis of gene expression aim to provide a comprehensive catalog of the components involved in the production of recognizable cellular phenotypes. These studies are often limited by the available technologies. One technology, based on microarrays, categorizes gene expression in terms of the abundance of RNA transcripts, and typically employs RNA prepared from whole cells, where cytoplasmic RNA predominates. Using microarrays comprising oligonucleotide probes that represent either protein-coding transcripts or microRNAs (miRNA), we have studied global transcript accumulation patterns for the HepG2 (human hepatoma) cell line. Through subdividing the total pool of RNA transcripts into samples from nuclei, the cytoplasm, and whole cells, we determined the degree of correlation of these patterns across these different subcellular locations. The transcript and miRNA abundance patterns for the three RNA fractions were largely similar, but with some exceptions: nuclear RNA samples were enriched with respect to the cytoplasm in transcripts encoding proteins associated with specific nuclear functions, such as the cell cycle, mitosis, and transcription. The cytoplasmic RNA fraction also was enriched, when compared to the nucleus, in transcripts for proteins related to specific nuclear functions, including the cell cycle, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Some transcripts related to the ubiquitin cycle, and transcripts for various membrane proteins were sorted into either the nuclear or cytoplasmic fractions. Enrichment or compartmentalization of cell cycle and ubiquitin cycle transcripts within the nucleus may be related to the regulation of their expression, by preventing their translation to proteins. In this way, these cellular functions may be tightly controlled by regulating the release of mRNA from the nucleus and thereby the expression of key rate limiting steps in these pathways. Many miRNA precursors were also enriched in the nuclear samples, with significantly fewer being enriched in the cytoplasm. Studies of mRNA localization will help to clarify the roles RNA processing and transport play in the regulation of cellular function.
Development and characterization of zone melt growth GaAs for gamma-ray detectors

GaAs is a potentially attractive material for room temperature X-ray and /spl gamma/-ray spectrometers. To date, the only high resolution GaAs devices were produced by epitaxial growth. The usefulness of detectors made from bulk grown semi-insulating (SI) GaAs has been limited by low charge collection efficiency caused, it is believed, by the high density of EL2 deep donor defects. Vertical zone melt (VZM) growth of GaAs has recently been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. Zone refining and zone leveling techniques were used with VZM to reduce the level of impurities and the EL2 defects in bulk SI-GaAs. Schottky barrier and PIN diodes have been fabricated from the newly grown material. These devices were characterized using /spl alpha/ particles and /spl gamma/-rays. In this paper, the measurements and analysis of the first VZM GaAs devices are presented and compared with commercially available GaAs. The intent is to test the hypothesis that high purity, low defect GaAs material growth could lead to improved radiation detectors.
La metalengua de la literatura antropológica chilena. Apertura a una búsqueda epistemológica

In this article we explore from a philosophical perspective the metalanguage of Chilean anthropological literature, as an appeal to the sense of a kind of text, text genre as she assumed that integrates autonomous literature and social science. Metalanguage understand those aesthetic principles as developed by the authors belonging to the literary genre anthropological, aesthetic principles found inside or outside the texts produced by these writers, and realize a hermeneutical community committed to give meaning to their work from the outline its trans- and interdisciplinary boundaries. This perspective on this linguistic development identify original and emerging epistemological search
Gate control of a quantum dot single-electron spin through geometric phases: Feynman disentangling method

The use of topological phases for the manipulation of electron spins in GaAs quantum dots is a promising candidate for solid state quantum computation and non-charged based logic devices for projected post-CMOS technology. A single electron can be trapped and its spin can be manipulated by moving the quantum dot adiabatically in a closed loop (Berry effect) through the application of gate potentials. In this paper, we present numerical simulations and analytical expressions for the transition probability of electron spins in single electron devices for a quantum dot. Using analytical and numerical techniques, we calculate the Berry Phase for both nondegenerate and degenerate cases. We show that the spin orbit coupling in III-V type semiconductors will enhance the transition probability of the electron spin over pure Dresselhaus or pure Rashba cases considered separately. Considering these mechanisms separately however, is useful in that an exact solution exists as determined by the Feynman disentangling technique. For the most general cases where the solution of the propagator becomes non-trivial, we carry out the numerical simulations of such propagator.
Nonprofit Organizations Serving Domestic Violence Survivors: Addressing Intersectional Needs of Asian Indians

Using interviews of 26 nonprofit domestic violence advocates, this article analyzes how South Asian–focused nonprofit organizations in the United States address the domestic violence–related intersectional needs of Asian Indian marriage migrants and the challenges they encounter in doing so. Our research indicates that these organizations offer services addressing a combination of structural and cultural needs that emerge from their clients’ social locations, but these organizations also encounter challenges in providing services targeting the specific subgroups of Asian Indian marriage migrants. To meet the intersectional needs of clients, there should be greater coalition-building within and between Asian Indian–focused and mainstream organizations.
Prediction for shelf life and safety of minimally processed CAP/MAP chilled foods: a review

The reliance of minimally processed chilled foods on low temperature for distribution with optimized controlled/modified atmospheric packaging to maintain safety and quality poses new challenges to food microbiologists. Effects of controlled/modified atmospheric packaging conditions on microbial growth are briefly discussed. Microbial growth models are systematically examined with emphasis on the temperature dependence models—the Arrhenius model and the square root model. Their applicability for making predictions of both shelf life and safety under nonisothermal conditions is assessed. The use of time-temperature integrators for shelf-life prediction and safety assurance is also addressed.
Decoding and reconstructing the focus of spatial attention from the topography of alpha-band oscillations

Many aspects of perception and cognition are supported by activity in neural populations that are tuned to different stimulus features e.g., orientation, spatial location, color. Goal-directed behavior, such as sustained attention, requires a mechanism for the selective prioritization of contextually appropriate representations. A candidate mechanism of sustained spatial attention is neural activity in the alpha band 8-13 Hz, whose power in the human EEG covaries with the focus of covert attention. Here, we applied an inverted encoding model to assess whether spatially selective neural responses could be recovered from the topography of alpha-band oscillations during spatial attention. Participants were cued to covertly attend to one of six spatial locations arranged concentrically around fixation while EEG was recorded. A linear classifier applied to EEG data during sustained attention demonstrated successful classification of the attended location from the topography of alpha power, although not from other frequency bands. We next sought to reconstruct the focus of spatial attention over time by applying inverted encoding models to the topography of alpha power and phase. Alpha power, but not phase, allowed for robust reconstructions of the specific attended location beginning around 450 msec postcue, an onset earlier than previous reports. These results demonstrate that posterior alpha-band oscillations can be used to track activity in feature-selective neural populations with high temporal precision during the deployment of covert spatial attention.
Potential quarantine treatments for white sapote infested with caribbean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae)

White sapote, Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex., was subjected to three quarantine treatments known to kill immature Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), in other fruits. Cold storage at 1 or 3 degrees C for 15 and 18 d, respectively, did not cause appreciable harm to white sapotes compared with fruits stored at the normal 7 degrees C. Immersion of white sapotes in water at 43.3 degrees C for 90 or 120 min or at 46 degrees C for 60 or 90 min caused considerable pitting and decay and interfered with ripening. Fumigation with methyl bromide at 24 and 40 g/m3 (24 +/- 1.0 degrees C) gave a reddish hue to white sapote, interfered with ripening, and increased the rate of decay. Cold storage at 1 degrees C for 2-12 d was examined for its effectiveness in killing Caribbean fruit fly immatures in white sapote. Dose-mortality data were analyzed using the normal, logistic, and Gompertz probability density functions (PDF). The logistic PDF gave unrealistically low estimates of probit 9 (99.9968%) mortality; estimates using Gompertz, log 10, seemed too high. The normal PDF and Gompertz, nonlog 10, gave reasonable estimates of probit 9.
Antifeeding Effect of Modified Atmospheres on Larvae of the Navel Orangeworm and Indianmeal Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The effectiveness of atmospheres enriched in nitrogen (N2) or carbon dioxide (CO2) in preventing feeding by larvae of the navel orange worm, Amyelols transitella (Walker), and the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunetella (Hubner), was evaluated with the use of a dyed diet. N2-enriched atmospheres containing 1% oxygen (O2) were effective in preventing feeding, but those containing higher levels of O2 were not. CO2 at 40% concentration was effective against both species, but CO2 at 30% concentration was effective only against the navel orange worm. The potential for using-CO2 as an antifeedant to control these insects during filling of bulk storages with almonds is discussed.
Growth hormone effects on hepatic glutamate handling in vivo.

Growth hormone administration affects growth in hypophysectomized animals by depressing urea synthesis and redistributing nitrogen into protein. Because the liver is the site of ureagenesis and glutamine is the major interorgan nitrogen vehicle, we studied hepatic glutamine uptake in relation to urea release in hypophysectomized and growth hormone-supplemented, 100 micrograms/100 g body wt hypophysectomized rats. In vivo hepatic balances for glutamine, glutamate, alanine, and urea were performed on anesthetized animals by simultaneous measurement of flow through the liver and the respective arteriovenous and portovenous concentration differences. On the whole animal level, growth hormone-administered hypophysectomized rats exhibited restored growth and decreased urea excretion associated with a reduction in arterial urea and elevation in arterial glutamate, but glutamine and alanine concentrations were unchanged. On the organ level, growth hormone treatment reduced hepatic urea release from 3,145 +/- 432 to 1,954 +/- 320 nmol.min-1.100 g-1. However, neither glutamine uptake, 342 +/- 110 and 494 +/- 135 nmol.min-1.100 g-1 nor alanine uptake, 522 +/- 120 vs. 363 +/- 109 nmol.min-1.100 g-1 were altered by growth hormone treatment. In marked contrast, net glutamate uptake by the hypophysectomized rat liver, 71 +/- 15 nmol.min-1.100 g-1, was reversed by growth hormone administration to a striking net release rate of 960 +/- 229 nmol.min-1.100 g-1, suggesting that glutamine nitrogen is spared incorporation into urea by shunting into glutamate and release into the blood.
Alterations in regional contractility following cardiopulmonary bypass with intraoperative ischemia.

Coronary occlusion during cardiopulmonary bypass has been used in place of aortic occlusion to perform coronary artery anastomoses, but the effect of this procedure on distal myocardial function has not been evaluated. Regional myocardial function was examined with the use of ultrasonic crystals in 20 dogs subjected to this technique to compare normothermic and hypothermic (30° C) bypass in both beating and fibrillating hearts. We found a significant decline in the velocity of contraction of the distal segment in fibrillating compared to beating hearts (p
The Concept of the Totalizing Act as Collective Connection: Progenitor of Number

The collective connection is discerned in the “thinking-together act.” It is the latter objectified in reflection. This reflective act instigates the debut of the collective connection as a relation among relations, albeit a “peculiar” relation binding its parts into a peculiar whole.
Hyperbolicity in Complex Geometry

A complex manifold is said to be hyperbolic if there exists no nonconstant holomorphic map from the affine complex line to it. We discuss the techniques and methods for the hyperbolicity problems for submanifolds and their complements in abelian varieties and the complex projective space. The discussion is focussed on Bloch’s techniques for the abelian variety setting, the recent confirmation of the longstanding conjecture of the hyperbolicity of generic hypersurfaces of high degree in the complex projective space, and McQuillan’s techniques for compact complex algebraic surfaces of general type.
Advanced Topics in Database Research

Database applications features such as Structured Query Language programming, exception handling, integrity constraints, and table triggers pose difficulties for maintenance activities, especially for regression testing that follows modifying database applications. In this chapter, we address these difficulties and propose a two-phase regression testing methodology. In phase 1, we explore control flow and data flow analysis issues of database applications. Then, we propose an impact analysis technique that is based on dependencies that exist among the components of database applications. This analysis leads to selecting test cases from the initial test suite for regression testing the modified application. In phase 2, we propose two algorithms for reducing the number of regression test cases. The Graph Walk algorithm walks through the control flow graph of database modules and selects a safe set of test cases to retest. The Call Graph Firewall algorithm uses a firewall for the inter-procedural level. Our experience with this regression testing methodology shows that the impact analysis technique is adequate for selecting regression tests and that phase 2 techniques can be used for further reduction in the number of these tests.
Heat Transfer During Unsaturated Flow in Porous Media

Model equations for simple systems involving heat transfer during unsaturated flow in porous media are developed. The model equations rely on knowledge of three transport properties-relative permeability, capillary pressure, and effective thermal conductivity. Theoretical and empirical models for these three transport properties are presented and discussed. Results for predictions of heat transfer resulting from forced, unsaturated, convection from a horizontal surface are presented to elucidate the effects of the parameters that arise for the case of flow without change of phase. This is followed by a discussion of results which have been presented recently for systems involving a change in phase.
Emergent Image-Guided Treatments in the Cancer Patient

Modern advances in medical imaging and minimally invasive technologies have led to the development of a variety of image-guided procedures used in the treatment of numerous oncologic conditions. In all settings, the minimally invasive nature of these procedures benefits patients by reducing the pain and trauma encountered with traditional open surgeries while allowing for more rapid recovery and return to normal function.
Value Investing: Investing for Grown Ups?

Value investors generally characterize themselves as the grown ups in the investment world, unswayed by perceptions or momentum, and driven by fundamentals. While this may be true, at least in the abstract, there are at least three distinct strands of value investing. The first, passive value investing, is built around screening for stocks that meet specific characteristics – low multiples of earnings or book value, high returns on projects and low risk – and can be traced back to Ben Graham’s books on security analysis. The second, contrarian investing, requires investing in companies that are down on their luck and in the market. The third, activist value investing, involves taking large positions in poorly managed and low valued companies and making money from turning them around. While value investing looks impressive on paper, the performance of value investors, as a whole, is no better than that of less “sensible” investors who chose other investment philosophies and strategies. We examine explanations for why "active" value investing may not provide the promised payoffs.
Modeling and measurement of a multi-fin metamaterial-loaded monopole with metal cap

Specially arranged metamaterial structures may lead to a higher degree of constitutive parameter tailoring. This paper investigates a multi-fin metamaterial-loaded monopole with a metal cap. Capacitively-loaded-loop (CLL) metamaterial elements are placed on fins, radially arranged around the monopole antenna. The metamaterial fins change the radiation pattern of the monopole to a sectoral beam in the azimuth plane with a significant front-to-back ratio, and the elevation peak relocates normal to the monopole due to a metal cap. An experimental model is built with six manufactured fin inserts inside an additively manufactured (3D-printed) holder that surrounds the monopole. Simulation and measurement results are compared and show agreement.
Study on the touch risk of high density packaging bonding wire under mechanical shock condition

With the development of high-density integrated circuits, ultra-fine pitch wire bonding process gradually becomes a hot spot. At present, most of the reliability research on the bonding wire concentrates on the solder joint, but the bonding wire receives little attention. Actually, bonding wires may vibrate and touch to each other due to the mechanical shock. This paper tried to study the reliability of the bonding wire under mechanical shock, a finite element simulation method for the deflection displacement prediction of high-density package bonding wires under mechanical shock was proposed. The factors affecting the lateral deflection displacement of the bonding wire were studied, which include bond span, bond height, wire diameter and shock acceleration. The transverse deflection displacement model of the bonding wire was established to determine whether there is a risk of touch when subjected to mechanical shock. The results showed that the bond span was the most significant factor on the deflection displacement. The recommendations for improving the design were also proposed.
Causal Attributions for Obesity Among Patients Seeking Surgical Versus Behavioral/Pharmacological Weight Loss Treatment.

Obesity is frequently attributed to causes such as laziness and lack of willpower and personal responsibility. The current study identified causal attributions for obesity among patients seeking bariatric surgery and compared them to those among patients seeking less invasive weight loss treatment (behavioral/pharmacological). The 16-item Causal Attributions for Obesity scale (CAO; rated 1–7) was administered to 102 patients seeking bariatric surgery (sample 1) and 178 patients seeking behavioral/pharmacological weight loss treatment (sample 2). Between-subjects analyses compared CAO ratings for the two samples. Results showed that behavioral factors were the highest-rated attributions in both samples. Sample 1 had higher ratings of biological and environmental factors than did sample 2. Overall, patients seeking bariatric surgery had a more complex conceptualization of obesity than did patients seeking behavioral/pharmacological treatment. Trial registration: NCT02388568
Beware of Predatory Journals: A Caution from Editors of Three Family Medicine Journals

Case Report 1: A research article was submitted and later withdrawn, even though it was proceeding nicely through the review process at the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (JABFM). On further investigation, the author reported they had originally submitted the manuscript to a
An “old fight”: A case study of enduring struggle in early childhood education:

This is a case study of political struggles over early care and education in the USA using a combination of archival, interview, and observational data from a study conducted in the US state of Ari...
Endorsement by Exam: Policy and Practice in Rural Special Education.

National- and state-level education policies are evolving to address teacher shortages that are pervasive across the United States and are particularly problematic in rural special education. In th...
Novel Application of Balloon Tamponade in Management of Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

We present a case of acute lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in the emergency department, in which specialists were not emergently available to render their support. A quick intervention using balloon tamponade technique with a Minnesota tube helped stabilize the patient until intensive care, gastroenterology, and surgical specialists could intervene. We also review previous cases from the literature in which a balloon tamponade method was used to control GI hemorrhage. Our novel application of the Minnesota tube is important for emergency physicians to consider for cases of acute lower GI bleeding, particularly in emergent presentations when specialists are not readily available in-hospital.
Introductory geoscience courses and STEM education research

Introductory geoscience courses occupy a unique place in the undergraduate-level sciences, often defined by how they are different from introductory courses in biology, chemistry, and physics. Alth...
Chlorpromazine binding to the PAS domains uncovers the effect of ligand modulation on EAG channel activity

Ether-a-go-go (EAG) potassium selective channels are major regulators of neuronal excitability and cancer progression. EAG channels contain a Per–Arnt–Sim (PAS) domain in their intracellular N-terminal region. The PAS domain is structurally similar to the PAS domains in non-ion channel proteins, where these domains frequently function as ligand-binding domains. Despite the structural similarity, it is not known whether the PAS domain can regulate EAG channel function via ligand binding. Here, using surface plasmon resonance, tryptophan fluorescence, and analysis of EAG currents recorded in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we show that a small molecule chlorpromazine (CH), widely used as an antipsychotic medication, binds to the isolated PAS domain of EAG channels and inhibits currents from these channels. Mutant EAG channels that lack the PAS domain show significantly lower inhibition by CH, suggesting that CH affects currents from EAG channels directly through the binding to the PAS domain. Our study lends support to the hypothesis that there are previously unaccounted steps in EAG channel gating that could be activated by ligand binding to the PAS domain. This has broad implications for understanding gating mechanisms of EAG and related ERG and ELK K+ channels and places the PAS domain as a new target for drug discovery in EAG and related channels. Up-regulation of EAG channel activity is linked to cancer and neurological disorders. Our study raises the possibility of repurposing the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine for treatment of neurological disorders and cancer.
Pen-strep influence macrophage mechanical property and mechano-response to microenvironment

Penicillin-streptomycin (Pen-strep) is a common antibiotic used to prevent bacterial infection in cell culture and clinical treatment. Current research found pen-strep increased macrophage modulus but limited influence on cell adhesion. Phalloidin statin image indicates pen-strep mediate cell morphology on different extracellular matrix coated surface. The roundness analyzes further illustrated pen-strep promote cell spread on PDMS rubber, type I collagen, laminin, poly amino acid, poly-RGD peptides. Finally, YAP-1 and TAZ upregulation and β1 integrin downregulation may be the causes of cell elasticity and mechano-response to extracellular matrix (ECM) change.
Tai Manuscripts and Early Printed Books at the Library of Congress

This article provides a comprehensive survey of Tai manuscripts held at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., USA. New items in the collection are highlighted. Some sense of the scope of the collection is also provided. The collection represents an important resource for researchers and the scholarly community. More importantly, it is a vital historical repository of the varied, but interrelated textual traditions and mental worlds of the Tai peoples.
Enhancing Practical Tractability of Lyapunov-Based Economic Model Predictive Control.

Lyapunov-based economic model predictive control (LEMPC) is an optimization-based control design that computes economically-optimal control actions for a process while maintaining the closed-loop state within a bounded region of state-space; however, it may be difficult to design in practice without closed-loop simulations, as it requires an auxiliary stabilizing controller, Lyapunov function, and a number of sets to be developed to ensure closed-loop stability. Practical application of this method could benefit from methods which make it more likely that, without simulations to identify aspects of the control design that would provide stability, controller parameters can be selected that would maintain stability. In this work, we propose a method to seek to enhance tractability of LEMPC by providing initial suggestions for reducing the likelihood that ad hoc selection of a value for one of its parameters would be problematic for closed-loop stability.
3-D Object Tracking in Panoramic Video and LiDAR for Radiological Source–Object Attribution and Improved Source Detection

Networked detector systems can be deployed in urban environments to aid in the detection and localization of radiological and/or nuclear material. However, effectively responding to and interpreting a radiological alarm using spectroscopic data alone may be hampered by a lack of situational awareness, particularly in complex environments. This study investigates the use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and streaming video to enable real-time object detection and tracking, and the fusion of this tracking information with radiological data for the purposes of enhanced situational awareness and increased detection sensitivity. This work presents an object detection, tracking, and novel source–object attribution analysis that is capable of operating in real time. By implementing this analysis pipeline on a custom-developed system that comprises a static 2 in. $\times 4$ in. $\times16$ in. NaI(Tl) detector colocated with a 64-beam LiDAR and four monocular cameras, we demonstrate the ability to accurately correlate trajectories from tracked objects to spectroscopic gamma-ray data in real time and use physics-based models to reliably discriminate between source-carrying and nonsource-carrying objects. In this work, we describe our approach in detail and present a quantitative performance assessment that characterizes the source–object attribution capabilities of both video and LiDAR. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to simultaneously track pedestrians and vehicles in a mock urban environment and use this tracking information to improve both detection sensitivity and situational awareness using our contextual-radiological data fusion methodology.
Lying about sexual assault: a qualitative study of detective perspectives on false reporting

Sexual assault is a highly underreported crime, with only about one-third of victims reporting to the police. There are several reasons why victims are reluctant to report to the police, including ...
Bryophytes as key indicators of ecosystem function and structure of northern peatlands

Bryophytes play a number of important roles in the functioning and structure of northern peatlands where they form the ground layer of fens and bogs. Sphagnum, dominant in bogs and poor fens, and brown mosses, dominant in rich fens, make up a large percentage of the organic matter that is stored as deep deposits of peat. In this paper we review the mechanisms of resistance to decay in these two moss groups. We then document a case study of a rich fen dominated mostly by Hamatocaulis vernicosus, that has remained stable for over 8000 calendar years. At this site, we use macrofossil abundances, including bryophyte habitat positions on water level and chemistry gradients, to infer past environmental conditions. Lastly, we provide a new ecohydrologic framework for wetland classes centered on bryophyte abundances across water level, nutrient, and salinity gradients and argue that bryophyte species are among the most significant indicators for classifying wetland site-types.