cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Facilitating workplace learning and change: Lessons learned from the lectores in pre-war cigar factories

Purpose – This study aims to describe the lectores (readers) who read the world news and works of literature to workers in pre-World War II cigar factories in Tampa, Florida, and in New York City. The paper addresses the need for more examination of some neglected aspects of workplace learning by presenting a more critical approach to workplace learning as a form of social change. It also focuses on the importance of the lectores’ role as facilitators of workplace learning and leaders of change. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a qualitative analysis of archival data from libraries and research centers located in New York City and in Miami, Florida. Findings – Through the lectores, cigar factories were a place where workplace learning, organizational and social change occurred daily. As leaders, the lectores were radical agents of change and created affordances that shaped the factory workers’ workplace and personal learning. The discussion explores the dynamics between the lectores and...
Exercise Adherence Following Physical Therapy Intervention in Older Adults With Impaired Balance

Background and Purpose. This study looked at adherence, and factors affecting adherence, to a prescribed home exercise program (HEP) in older adults with impaired balance following discharge from physical therapy. Subjects. The subjects were 556 older adults (≥65 years of age) who were discharged from physical therapy during the period 2000 to 2003. Methods. A survey was developed to determine participation in a HEP. Univariate logistic regressions identified specific barriers and motivators that were associated with exercise participation following discharge from physical therapy. Results. Ninety percent of respondents reported receiving a HEP; 37% no longer performed it. Change in health status was the primary reason for poor adherence to a HEP. Eight barriers (no interest, poor health, weather, depression, weakness, fear of falling, shortness of breath, and low outcomes expectation) were associated with a lack of postdischarge participation in exercise. Discussion and Conclusions. Exercise adherence following discharge from a physical therapy program is poor among older adults. Barriers, not motivators, appear to predict adherence. [Forkan R, Pumper B, Smyth N, et al. Exercise adherence following physical therapy intervention in older adults with impaired balance. Phys Ther . 2006;86:401–410.]
The New "Voodoo Economics": Fetishism and the Public/Private Divide

Marx’s notion of the “fetishism of commodities” and money is used to analyze the modern phenomenon of the public/private divide, the apparent division of society into state and market. The public/p...
High throughput database structures for location management in PCS networks

This paper introduces a distributed hierarchical database architecture for location management in global personal communications system (PCS) networks with the location-independent numbering plan. The proposed structure consists of a number of database subsystems, each of which is a three-level tree structure and is connected to the others only through its root. Due to the localized nature of calling and mobility patterns, this scheme effectively reduces the database loads and signaling traffic incurred by the location update and call delivery procedures. Moreover, based on the flat numbering plan, two memory-resident access structures-the memory-resident direct file and the T-tree are proposed for the location databases to further improve the database throughput. Analytical models and numerical examples are presented to evaluate the response time and the storage capacity required for each location database. Results show that our method can produce a high-throughput database system, which is crucial for the deployment of high-capacity PCS systems in the future. In addition, modifications to the data structure, the insert algorithm, and the delete algorithm for the T-tree are proposed to enhance the performance of the T-tree.
Autonomic Software Development Methodology Based on Darwinian Evolution

Natural organisms are remarkably well adapted to their environment. Through the process of evolution those organisms that exhibit beneficial traits have prospered due to natural selection. As software developers we strive to create systems as well adapted to a virtual environment as natural organisms are to their physical environment. Leveraging Darwinian evolution, we propose a software development methodology capable of producing self-* software. Employing this methodology we present an example behavioral concept from inception to fruition on physical hardware.
The Effects of Beliefs versus Risk Attitude on Bargaining Outcomes

In bargaining environments with uncertain disagreement or “impasse” outcomes (e.g., litigation or labor strike outcomes), there is an identification problem that confounds data interpretation. Specifically, the minimally acceptable settlement value from a risk-averse (risk-loving) but unbiased-belief bargainer is empirically indistinguishable from what one could get with risk-neutrality and pessimistically (optimistically) biased beliefs. This article reports results from a controlled bargaining experiment where data on both risk attitude and beliefs under uncertainty are generated in order to assess their relative importance in bargaining experiment outcomes. The average lab subject is risk-averse, yet optimistic with respect to uncertainty, which is consistent with existing studies that examine each in isolation. I also find that the effects of optimism dominate those of risk-aversion. Optimistic bargainers are significantly more likely to dispute and have aggressive final bargaining positions. Dispute rates are not statistically affected by risk attitude, but there is some evidence that risk aversion leads to a weakened bargaining position. Though additional research is needed to understand the limits of extending these results, a key implication follows. In uncertainty environments where optimism dominates, increased settlement rates are more likely achieved by minimizing impasse uncertainty (to limit the potential for optimism) rather than maximizing uncertainty (to weaken the reservation point of risk-averse bargainers), as has been argued in the dispute resolution literature.
Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis: new clues regarding pathogenesis.

UCHS HETEROCHROMIC CYCLITIS (FHC) IS A CHRONIC, typically unilateral anterior segment uveitis syndrome.1 It is usually painless with limited inflammation characterized by diffuse, scattered, small and mediumsized keratic precipitates with mild anterior chamber flare, minimal anterior chamber cells, and iris atrophy that leads to secondary, acquired heterochromia. Immunohistochemistry of iris biopsies reveals an inflammatory infiltrate consisting mainly of lymphocytes and plasma cells along with few mast cells and eosinophils.1 Unlike other uveitic syndromes, the disease does not respond to corticosteroid therapy. Thus, this disease challenges us both in its pathogenesis and in empiric strategies for treatment. Defining the pathogenesis in this and other uveitis syndromes will direct future approaches to both disease prevention and targeted therapy to limit disease morbidity and the long-term sequelae of ocular inflammation, such as cataract and glaucoma. Quentin and Reiber,2 in an article in this issue of THE JOURNAL, present new evidence that links the rubella virus with FHC, a provocative study that raises additional questions about the pathogenesis of FHC. Clues about immune pathogenesis in FHC come from analysis of the cellular infiltrate and proteins in the aqueous humor of affected individuals. The cellular infiltrate in the anterior chamber of patients with FHC mainly consists of T lymphocytes. Sampling of the aqueous humor during relative quiescence, at the time of cataract surgery, was performed in an earlier study by Murray and associates.3 Fifteen patients with FHC were sampled for that study, and analysis was performed by RNA extraction followed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The investigators detected CD3, CD4, and CD8 mRNA, all markers of T lymphocytes, but did not detect CD19, a B-cell marker. The sensitivity of this method was not described, and the negative result for CD19 by RT-PCR does not exclude the presence of B
Altitude Regulation of Quadrotor Types of UAVs Considering Communication Delays

Estimation of transmission delays caused by wireless communication and analysis of the delay effects is one of the critical challenges to be considered in designing controllers for quadrotor types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper presents an estimation method using experimental data and analytical solutions of delay differential equations (DDEs). For the approach, measured transient altitude responses are compared to time-domain descriptions obtained from the analytical solutions. That makes use of the Lambert W function for first-order DDEs. The dominant characteristic roots are obtained in terms of system parameters including the delay. Proportional controllers are used to generate the altitude responses for estimation. The effects of the time delay on the responses are analyzed. Then, proportional plus velocity controllers are designed to obtain better transient altitude responses. MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulations, experiments, and analytical solutions of the DDEs in terms of Lambert W function.
The super elongation complex family of RNA polymerase II elongation factors: Gene target specificity and transcriptional output

The elongation stage of transcription is highly regulated in metazoans. We previously purified the AFF1- and AFF4-containing super elongation complex (SEC) as a major regulator of development and cancer pathogenesis. Here, we report the biochemical isolation of SEC-like 2 (SEC-L2) and SEC-like 3 (SEC-L3) containing AFF2 and AFF3 in association with P-TEFb, ENL/MLLT1, and AF9/MLLT3. The SEC family members demonstrate high levels of polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain kinase activity; however, only SEC is required for the proper induction of the HSP70 gene upon stress. Genome-wide mRNA-Seq analyses demonstrated that SEC-L2 and SEC-L3 control the expression of different subsets of genes, while AFF4/SEC plays a more dominant role in rapid transcriptional induction in cells. MYC is one of the direct targets of AFF4/SEC, and SEC recruitment to the MYC gene regulates its expression in different cancer cells, including those in acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia. These findings suggest that AFF4/SEC could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of leukemia or other cancers associated with MYC overexpression.
An industrial perspective of the LANDSAT opportunity

The feasibility of enhancing LANDSAT products to provide the greatest usability low cost data possible can be determined through government sponsorship and finance of one or more task forces composed of a critical number of experts in multiple disciplines from many industries and academia. The synergism of multiple minds addressing singular problems without the creation of permanent or perpetual structures must yield output in the form of implementable specifications, even if presented as alternatives. Changes are needed within the spacecraft in order to account for Sun angle changes. The use of pointing accuracy to make geometric corrections (and possible radiometric corrections, is needed more than onboard data reduction and information extraction, which assume a proper knowledge of application and reduce potential utilization. Multilinear arrays need to be investigated and methods for sensor calibration and for determining the effects of atmospheric inversion, as well as the best way to back out the modulation transfer function must be determined.
“Read All About It”: Race, Generation and the Japanese American Ethnic Press, 1925–41

(1993). “Read All About It”: Race, Generation and the Japanese American Ethnic Press, 1925–41. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 69-92.
Patient‐derived xenograft mouse models of pseudomyxoma peritonei recapitulate the human inflammatory tumor microenvironment

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a neoplastic syndrome characterized by peritoneal tumor implants with copious mucinous ascites. The standard of care for PMP patients is aggressive cytoreductive surgery performed in conjunction with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Not all patients are candidates for these procedures and a majority of the patients will have recurrent disease. In addition to secreted mucin, inflammation and fibrosis are central to PMP pathogenesis but the molecular processes that regulate tumor-stromal interactions within the peritoneal tumor microenvironment remain largely unknown. This knowledge is critical not only to elucidate PMP pathobiology but also to identify novel targets for therapy. Here, we report the generation of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models for PMP and assess the ability of these models to replicate the inflammatory peritoneal microenvironment of human PMP patients. PDX mouse models of low- and high-grade PMP were generated and were of a similar histopathology as human PMP. Cytokines previously shown to be elevated in human PMP were also elevated in PDX ascites. Significant differences in IL-6 and IL-8/KC/MIP2 were seen between human and PDX ascites. Interestingly, these cytokines were mostly secreted by mouse-derived, tumor-associated stromal cells rather than by human-derived PMP tumor cells. Our data suggest that the PMP PDX mouse models are especially suited to the study of tumor-stromal interactions that regulate the peritoneal inflammatory environment in PMP as the tumor and stromal cells in these mouse models are of human and murine origins, respectively. These mouse models are therefore, likely to be useful in vivo surrogates for testing and developing novel therapeutic treatment interventions for PMP.
Mathematical analysis of PDE systems which govern fluid-structure interactive phenomena

In this paper, we review and comment upon recently derived results for time dependent partial differential equation (PDE) models, which have been used to describe the various fluid-structure interactions which occur in nature. For these fluid-structure PDEs, this survey is particularly focused on the authors’ results of (i) semigroup wellposedness, (ii) stability, and (iii) backward uniqueness
Grain Boundary Diffusion in Co/Cu and Co/Cr Magnetic Thin Films

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to investigate grain boundary diffusion of Cu and Cr through 1000 A thick Co films in the temperature range of 325°C to 400°C. Grain boundary diffusivities were determined by modeling the accumulation of Cu or Cr on Co surfaces as a function of time at fixed annealing temperature. The grain boundary diffusivity of Cu through Co is characterized by a diffusion coefficient, D 0g b, of 2 × 10 4 cm 2 /sec and an activation energy, E a,gb , of 2.4 eV. Similarly, Cr grain boundary diffusion through Co thin films occurs with a diffusion coefficient, D o,gb , of 6 × 10 -2 cm 2 /sec and an activation energy, E a,gb of 1.8 eV. The Co film microstructure has been investigated before and after annealing by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron Microscopy. Extensive grain growth and texturing of the film occurred during annealing for Co deposited on a Cu underlayer. In contrast, the microstructure of Co deposited on a Cr underlayer remained relatively unchanged upon annealing. Magnetometer Measurements have shown that increased in-plane coercivity H c , reduced remanence squareness S, and reduced coercive squareness S * result from grain boundary diffusion of Cu and Cr into the Co films.
Influence of Some Anaerobic Species on Toxin of Cl. Botulinum with Special Reference to Cl. Sporogenes

Attention has been called to CI. sporogenes as a contaminant in cultures of CI. botulinum by numerous workers in anaerobic bacteriology. Reddish,2 a few years ago, found 18 out of 19 strains of CI. botulinum obtained in this country to be contaminated with CI. sporogenes. Such contaminations might well account for many of the strains of CI. botulinum which were supposed to have lost their toxin-producing properties. The effect of some aerobic species of organisms on the toxin of CI. botulinum was studied by Hall and Peterson.3 They found that impure aerobic cultures from certain soils would inhibit the toxin production of CI. botulinum in glucose broth and that certain acid-producing aerobes would inhibit toxin production in glucose broth but not in plain broth. The acidity alone could not be used in accounting for the toxin destruction.
Laboratory alarming for Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from certain district in Shanghai

[Objective] To analyze laboratory alarming for Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from certain district in Shanghai. [Methods] Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were collected from different places and different sources in a certain period.The strains were identified through biochemical reaction and serum test.The strains of same serotype were analyzed by rRNA-analysing and tested by tdh-gene. [Results] Six strains from(out-patients) and food poisoning patients were all O3∶K6 serotype.Five out of the six strains were highly homologous based on rRNA-analysis.They were all positive in tdh-gene tests. [Conclusion] There are common pollution souce of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in certain place.The serotype is O3∶K6.This serotype is the main type of foodborn diarrhoea.More epidemiological survey should be done to trace the source of pollution.
Starch biosynthesis in guard cells but not in mesophyll cells is involved in CO2-induced stomatal closing

Starch metabolism is involved in stomatal movement regulation. However, it remains unknown whether starch-deficient mutants affect CO2-induced stomatal closing and whether starch biosynthesis in guard cells and/or mesophyll cells is rate limiting for high CO2-induced stomatal closing. Stomatal responses to [CO2] shifts and CO2 assimilation rates were compared in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants that were either starch deficient in all plant tissues (ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase [ADGase]) or retain starch accumulation in guard cells but are starch deficient in mesophyll cells (plastidial phosphoglucose isomerase [pPGI]). ADGase mutants exhibited impaired CO2-induced stomatal closure, but pPGI mutants did not, showing that starch biosynthesis in guard cells but not mesophyll functions in CO2-induced stomatal closing. Nevertheless, starch-deficient ADGase mutant alleles exhibited partial CO2 responses, pointing toward a starch biosynthesis-independent component of the response that is likely mediated by anion channels. Furthermore, whole-leaf CO2 assimilation rates of both ADGase and pPGI mutants were lower upon shifts to high [CO2], but only ADGase mutants caused impairments in CO2-induced stomatal closing. These genetic analyses determine the roles of starch biosynthesis for high CO2-induced stomatal closing.
Vasoplegic shock during liver transplantation: is the preoperative cGMP plasma level a potential predictor of hemodynamic instability?

BACKGROUND: Refractory hypotension is a frequent event during reperfusion of a liver graft. Measures that help maintain hemodynamic stability include correction of electrolytes and acid-base abnormalities as well as administration of fluid and/or catecholamines. Vasoplegic syndrome represents the most severe form of hemodynamic instability. Management of this condition is very difficult due primarily to the inadequate response to even very high doses of catecholamines. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old patient presented for liver transplantation due to end stage liver disease. After an initially uneventful hepatic phase, the patient developed excessive tachycardia and refractory hypotension during cross-clamping of the vena cava. The situation rapidly deteriorated despite administration of fluid and extremely high doses of norepinephrine and vasopressin. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) performed at that time failed to demonstrate any cardiac dysfunction or signs of pulmonary emboli. Subsequent blood cultures and imaging studies did not confirm any signs of sepsis. Further investigation revealed an increased preoperative level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). cGMP is the second messenger for nitric oxide, and is responsible for relaxation of vascular smooth muscle with subsequent vasodilatation. This finding suggests a release of nitric oxide in the systemic circulation which could have been a potential cause for vasoplegic shock. CONCLUSIONS: Release of nitric oxide in the systemic circulation can be a potential cause of vasoplegic syndrome. Future investigation will demonstrate whether a patient's preoperative cGMP plasma level can be a potential predictor of intraoperative hemodynamic instability.
Lysine uptake by human placental microvillous membrane: comparison of system y+ with basal membrane.

Transport of lysine by microvillous membranes was investigated by characterization of L-[3H]lysine uptake in membrane vesicles isolated from human placentas. At least one Na(+)-independent system was observed at 22 degrees C and two systems at 37 degrees C. Lysine concentration dependence data were fit by a one- or two-system model with a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 124 +/- 28 microM and a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 33.1 +/- 7.7 pmol.mg protein-1.min-1 at 22 degrees C and with Km values of 1 +/- 0.6 and 245 +/- 51 microM and Vmax values of 0.14 +/- 0.07 and 45.8 +/- 8.7 pmol.mg protein-1.30 s-1 at 37 degrees C. In the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, the uptake (37 degrees C) data were fit by a one-system model with kinetic parameters similar to the lower Km system. Uptake of L-lysine in the absence of Na+ was inhibited completely by L-arginine, L-histidine, and L-homoarginine. In the presence of Na+, uptake was inhibited completely by these same three amino acids and L-leucine but only partially by other neutral amino acids. To compare directly microvillous and basal membrane from the same placenta, we examined the inhibition of 20 microM lysine uptake in the presence of Na+. Inhibition by L-leucine was similar in the two membranes. However, L-homoserine, L-alanine, and L-phenylalanine over a wide concentration range inhibited substantially less in microvillous (at both temperatures) than in basal membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Murine Models of Human Wound Healing

In vivo wound healing experiments remain the most predictive models for studying human wound healing, allowing an accurate representation of the complete wound healing environment including various cell types, environmental cues, and paracrine interactions. Small animals are economical, easy to maintain, and allow researchers to take advantage of the numerous transgenic strains that have been developed to investigate the specific mechanisms involved in wound healing and regeneration. Here we describe three reproducible murine wound healing models that recapitulate the human wound healing process.
The topology of ultrafilters as subspaces of 2ω

Abstract Using the property of being completely Baire, countable dense homogeneity and the perfect set property we will be able, under Martinʼs Axiom for countable posets, to distinguish non-principal ultrafilters on ω up to homeomorphism. Here, we identify ultrafilters with subpaces of 2 ω in the obvious way. Using the same methods, still under Martinʼs Axiom for countable posets, we will construct a non-principal ultrafilter such that is countable dense homogeneous. This consistently answers a question of Hrusak and Zamora Aviles. Finally, we will give some partial results about the relation of such topological properties with the combinatorial property of being a P-point.
Outcome of Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML &High Risk MDS Treated According to the Standard of Care in Community Hospital, Data From Single Center ( 2001–2010)

Abstract 4796 Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults causing the highest number of annual deaths secondary to leukemias in the United States. Age, cytogenetics, molecular features are the most important factors in the prognosis, whereby increased age and monosomal karyotypes carry the worst prognosis. The most favorable cytogenetics are patients with normal karyotypes, who can receive standard therapy. Aim: Study the overall survival (OS) of AML/High risk MDS treated according to standard of care at a community teaching hospital. Methods: A retrospective study of AML & High risk MDS patients treated at AGMC, Akron, Ohio USA, during 2002–2010. After IRB approval, we reviewed patient demographics, diagnosis types/subtypes, treatment, and cytogenetics. Patients were classified as low-intermediate risk or high risk according to cytogenetics background using WHO criteria. We also classified patients according to presence of bone marrow fibrosis and health insurance coverage at the time of diagnosis. Overall survival (OS) rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis. Prognostic factors were evaluated by Log Rank analysis. Results: We were able to classify 98 (75%) pts, with 52 (53%) pts as high risk and 46 (47%) pts as low-intermediate risk. Median age was 55 years (range: 19–90), 43 (45%) pts were older than 75 years. AML pts made up 71%, 45 patients (35%) had complex cytogenetics, and 15% had AML arise from MDS. Median survival overall was 22.4 weeks; 14.4 weeks for high risk and 53.8 weeks for low risk (p<0.01). Median survival for pts greater than 75 years was 11.5 weeks compared to 35.8 weeks for those younger than 75 years (p<0.05). We classified 103 pts according to insurance; 29 pts had private insurance and 74 pts had medicare/Medicaid. Cox regression analysis was performed to examine for the net effect of each of age, insurance, and fibrosis status after controlling for the effect of other variables in the model. Data showed that survival is inversely related to age at diagnosis (p value=.01) while the variables fibrosis status, medicaid/uninsured, and private insurance did not contribute significantly to the model (p value=.97 and.14.34, respectively). Conclusions: No significant differences in OS regarding insurance status or presence of bone marrow fibrosis. This was likely because the majority of pts received standard of care therapy and overall survival, in general, was low in the study population. OS was lowest in high risk patients and those greater than 75 years, and was better in low risk pts and those younger than 75 years respectively. Early referral to a specialized center, or possible clinical trial enrollment may be an alternative way to approach those pts. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Impact of Financial Reporting on Equity versus Debt Markets: Macroeconomic Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption

This study investigates whether a shock to financial reporting has a differential impact on debt and equity markets. Using macroeconomic data and a pre-post design centered in 2005, we find that IFRS adoption has a significantly greater effect on foreign debt than on foreign equity investment flows. This result is consistent with the notion that debt investors are greater consumers of financial statement information. Further, consistent with research on the effects of IFRS adoption on individual firms, we find that post-adoption increases in foreign equity investment are limited to countries with high (or improving) governance quality. In contrast, we find increases in foreign debt investment flows are not dependent on governance quality. This is consistent with recent research that concludes that negotiated covenants in bond contracts can offset weak investor protection at the country level. Finally, we find that the increase in foreign equity investment derives primarily from the U.S., whereas the increase in foreign debt investment derives from the U.S. and other non-adopting countries. This evidence that increases in foreign investment originate from non-adopting countries rather than other adopting countries suggests that the benefits from IFRS adoption more likely reflect improved financial reporting quality rather than greater comparability.
Progress in dendritic cell and immunotherapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Because of the exists of minimal residual disease(MRD), children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) often suffer from recurrence. Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the body's anti-tumor immune response through taking up tumor antigens to stimulate the body's immune system.Therefore it has become a hotspot due to DC's immunotherapy of clearing MRD in the body of children with ALL. This review discusses the DC characteristics, the immune escape mechanism associated with DC and the use of DC's immunotherapy in children with ALL. Key words: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Immune escape; Dendritic cell; Immunotherapy
Problem-based learning: design development of female chef’s jackets

Today, there are approximately 130,000 chefs in the United States, with female chefs accounting for approximately 20%. This problem-based design project focused on developing chef’s jackets for a m...
Abstract TMP38: Diminished Cortical Thickness and Increased Oxygen Extraction Fraction in Moyamoya Disease

PURPOSE: Chronic hemodynamic impairment may lead to reduced cortical thickness, perhaps related to metabolic down-regulation in cortical neurons. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hemodynamic impairment correlated with diminished cortical thickness in patients with idiopathic moyamoya phenomenon. METHODS: The study was a retrospective analysis of a prospective, blindly-adjudicated, multicenter patient cohort. Inclusion criteria required moyamoya phenomenon diagnosed by catheter angiography and presumed idiopathic basal arterial occlusive disease. Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) was measured using positron emission tomography (PET). Hemodynamic impairment was determined by comparing the OEF of middle cerebral artery territories to cerebellar regions and to normal control subjects. MR imaging was obtained concurrently with PET, within several hours, and cortical thickness estimates were made with Freesurfer (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu). OEF measurements were then compared to cortical thickness measurements. RESULTS: Adequate MR studies were available for 40 subjects. Mean age was 44 years. Eleven were male. Thirty-one had bilateral disease. Three had increased OEF in both hemispheres and four had unilateral increased OEF. Three patients underwent revascularization surgery during follow-up. Robust linear regression of relative cortical thickness to relative OEF is shown below: the slope was -0.02693 (-0.03002, -0.02384), the intercept was 1.022 (1.019, 1.025) at 95% confidence. Pearson’s R-square was 0.9648. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic hemodynamic impairment may be associated with reduced cortical thickness. This may reflect reversible down-regulation or irreversible subclinical ischemic injury. Supported by NINDS RO1 NS051631, 1 UL1 RR024992-01, 1 TL1 RR024995-01 and 1 KL2 RR 024994-01 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR).
A historical overview of Dr. Sanjit Mitra's academic, research and professional activities

Due to the fact that the two authors of this paper were both graduate students during the time when Dr. Sanjit Mitra was approximately ten years into his early academic career, both of the authors' technical careers evolved along trajectories similar to Dr. Mitra's, but with a time delay of approximately ten years. This scenario has enabled the authors to acquire a clear picture of Dr. Mitra's life-long career and they are pleased to have this opportunity to explain their interactive experiences with Dr. Mitra and present a broad historical overview of his professional activities.
A wire-grid type transparent film UWB antenna

In this paper we have introduced transparent wire-grid type conductive film antenna, made of Ag-paste. The wire-grid has wire-width of only a few microns and makes the conductive film almost invisible. The antenna is designed to cover an ultra-wide band (UWB) from 2 to 6 GHz and the radiating part is made with different mesh sizes of the conductive film and ground has been taken with continuous sheet. Performance of these mesh antennas is compared with a full Cu-sheet antenna. Input characteristics and radiation patterns are approximately the same as that of the Cu-antenna. Even the wire-grid is so sparse, the radiation efficiency is higher than 50% at most frequencies. In the later part of this paper, vertical slit and horizontal slit antennas made of Cu-sheet are investigated. The horizontal slit antenna shows deviation in the results, whereas the vertical slit and full Cu antenna are matching the results to each other for the UWB of 2–6 GHz. Vertical and horizontal slit antennas confirm the appropriate polarization.
From Sin to Sick: Digital Judaism and Pornography

This article explores how a Jewish religious website dedicated to solving pornography addiction negotiates religion/tradition and science/technological modernity. Further, the article discusses how...
Primary versus secondary anastomosis in intestinal atresia.

Abstract Purpose Neonates with intestinal atresia (IA) undergo either primary anastomosis (PA) or ostomy creation with secondary anastomosis (SA). Our purpose was to compare outcomes for PA and SA and to assess factors influencing procedure selection. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of neonates with IA between 2009 and 2015. Patient characteristics, operative details, and outcomes were collected. Surgeon-level preferences (defined as performing > 50% PA or SA) were assessed using logistic regression. Results Of 92 IA patients, 70 (76.1%) underwent PA and 22 (23.9%) underwent SA. Neonates with PA had shorter hospitalizations (27 days vs. 95 days, p Conclusions PA has better outcomes than SA. Though procedural selection is influenced by the clinical status of the neonate, however surgeon preference plays a significant role in this clinical decision. Level of evidence Level III Treatment Study.
Cytogenetic consequences of microwave irradiation on mammalian cells incubated in vitro

A 2450 MHz microwave oven was converted into a microwave incubator. Rat kangaroo RH5 and RH16 cells were incubated in the incubator and were subcultured every 5 to 7 days. The temperature of the cell cultures in the incubator was maintained at 37 degrees C. The cells were incubated with direct microwave irradiation continuously for 50 passages and then returned to a conventional incubator and allowed to grow for another 30 passages. Cell growth rate was significantly reduced after 7 or 15 subculture passages under irradiation. Chromosome aberrations emerged after the cells had been microwave-incubated for about 20 passages. The long-term irradiation caused 0.84 chromosome breaks per cell in RH5 cell cultures and 0.10 breaks per cell in RH16 cell cultures. After the cell cultures had been returned to the conventional incubator and maintained for 30 passages, the number of chromosomes breaks was greatly reduced in both cell cultures. The number of polyploid cells was increased to 35 percent and 31 percent during the irradiation, and was significantly reduced in the conventional incubator. Many RH5 cells lost one chromosome and became 10-chromosome cells. The number of 10-chromosome cells increased during irradiation and continued to increase after being returned to the conventional incubator.
Electrical, Thermoelectric, and Thermal Transport in Single Crystal Rare-Earth Nickel Borocarbides RNi2B2C

Electron transport in single crystals of the RNi2B2C (R=Y, Lu-Gd) has been recently reviewed. New measurements, particularly thermal conductivity of these compounds and several transport coefficients for RR’Ni2B2C alloy single crystals have been reported. Measurements on the alloys permit a controlled study of electron mean free path effects, including the effects of elastic, inelastic and magnetic scattering on the properties. A brief review of some of these new results is presented.
Clinical research in allied health

Allied health professionals in nutrition and medical dietetics, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech-language pathology and audiology play both unique and key cross-cutting roles in the furtherance of clinical research. Clinical research in nutrition and medical dietetics uniquely focuses on food nutrient intake and the metabolic utilization of nutrients. Clinical research in occupational therapy has a special focus on the relationship of impairment to disability, the adaptation to disability and the maximization of function. Physical therapy clinical research uniquely targets movement dysfunction and its evaluation and treatment within the context of quality and effective care. Clinical research in speech-language pathology and audiology is singular in its focus on deafness and hearing disorders, voice, speech, language and related disorders, and intersections among these and other neurological and physical conditions. Thus, all of these disciplines are making unique contributions to clinical research. Clinical research in these allied health professions is much more than the above specific foci. Inasmuch as these disciplines are rooted in practice, their contributions to research are inherently clinical. Many, if not most, of these contributions represent further validations of clinical practice or its underlying knowledge base. This means that, at a macro level, clinical research in allied health is very much "applied" research. Within allied health clinical research, this emphasis is redoubled at the "person," or individual level, where considerable attention is given to concepts of function and effectiveness. Clinical research in allied health has played a key cross-cutting role through its emphasis on collaboration. Possibly due to their professional maturation within multidisciplinary academic units, allied health professionals have demonstrated a level of comfort with multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaborations unique within many academic health science centers. While the above contributions are considerable, much more could be accomplished if identified barriers to career progression could be addressed. Principal barriers to the development of clinical research careers in allied health lie in the areas of training, mentoring, and funding. The lack of financial support for clinical research training is the major impediment. Progress in these areas, although valuable in itself, could also lead to more dedicated release time in clinical and academic settings, improved predoctoral and postdoctoral research training mechanisms, and better alignment of institutional and system reward structures with the clinical research mission. Within the existing constraints, allied health professionals have performed remarkably well in tapping into funding streams created for other disciplines and in establishing research traditions within relatively young health professions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Challenge of Creating a Community of Inquiry

This chapter offers a “blow-by-blow” account of a small group of scholar/consultants that referred to itself as a “Community of Inquiry” (Torbert, 1976; 1991). The general model of a “Community of Inquiry” can potentially be recreated in a variety of settings—businesses, schools, or government agencies— where the aim is to improve the congruity among mission, strategy, members’ practices, and outcomes (and to question what each of these terms means). (1985) propose the creation of “communities of inquiry within communities of social practice” as a social change process, and we see a variety of illustrations of this approach in this book, particularly in Chapters 4, 8, and 11.
Affect and cannabis use in daily life: a review and recommendations for future research.

Abstract Background Although cannabis is often used for the purposes of relieving negative affective states such as anxiety and depression, the associations between cannabis use and affect in daily life are unclear. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to study these associations in individuals’ natural environments, providing more ecological validity, minimizing retrospective bias, and allowing for the analysis of within-individual processes over time. This review focuses on studies that utilized EMA to examine daily-life associations of cannabis use and negative and positive affective states. Methods We review the findings of the 19 articles that met inclusion criteria, including clinical and community samples. Results Results provide equivocal evidence regarding relations between cannabis use and affect for community samples. Findings are mixed for clinical samples as well, but more consistent patterns emerge for general negative affect (NA) and anger/hostility at the momentary level; cannabis use may be more likely following increased NA and lead to decreases in NA and anger/hostility in psychiatric populations. Conclusions Findings support a negative reinforcement hypothesis for clinical samples in terms of general NA and anger/hostility. However, discrepancies among studies point to a need to thoroughly characterize samples, consider motives for and expectancies of use, improve quantification of cannabis use, and consider co-use with other substances. Additional design recommendations are also offered for future studies.
Trypping up antigenic variation in sleeping sickness

Histone variants ensure proper genome partitioning in trypanosomes to restrict antigenic variation.
Thermochemical analysis of Mo-C-H system for synthesis of molybdenum carbides

Abstract Earth abundant materials such as molybdenum carbide are gaining importance over expensive, precious metals such as ruthenium and platinum as catalysts for heterogeneous and electrochemical reaction systems. Despite its attributes, molybdenum carbide has not been developed as a commercial catalyst due to a lack of knowledge about the material, its structure and composition. As a result, most synthesis processes yield low surface area molybdenum carbide with contaminants such as excess carbon. In this study, we carried out DFT assisted thermodynamic modeling to better understand molybdenum carbon phase behavior. Our gas phase equilibrium studies led to better comprehension and refinement of synthesis parameters and conditions. With the help of these thermochemical models, we were able to design a decarburization via hydrogen methanization treatment that yielded 2 nm MoC particles free of contaminants with the highest surface areas reported so far i.e. up to 360 m2/g.
``Ages and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons in the Pinal schist, southern Arizona, USA: Provenance, tectonic setting, and evidence for pre-1.7 Ga crust in SW Laurentia''

Abstract The Pinal basin of southern Arizona is best known for the widely distributed Paleoproterozoic Pinal schist. Most detrital zircons from the Pinal schist yield ages in the 1.68–1.77 Ga range, suggesting provenance in the proximal Mazatzal and Yavapai Provinces. Hf isotopic compositions of these zircons yield eHf values that are positive, but less than estimated depleted mantle at this time, and yield single-stage depleted mantle model ages that indicate a minimum age of 1.85–2.0 Ga for an older crustal component in the source. New Sm-Nd data from Pinal schist whole rocks are compatible with the source(s) of the pelitic component of Pinal sediment being derived from a terrane with a component older than the 1.68–1.77 Ga granitoids in the Mazatzal and Yavapai Provinces, as suggested by the Lu-Hf data. If the Pinal sediments were derived from the Mazatzal and/or Yavapai arcs, these arcs should thus be considered continental arcs. The composition and age of the older crustal component(s) indicated by the Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf systematics is not uniquely defined by these data, but options on a Laurentian margin include the cryptic older crust of the Colorado Province, e.g., an extension of Trans-Hudson-Penokean age crust. If the arcs were built on non-Laurentian crust and accreted as exotic terranes several possibilities are viable in the SWEAT, AUSWUS, and other models for conjugates to southwestern Laurentia in the Nuna supercontinent.
De facto reuse and disinfection by-products in drinking water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed

De facto reuse is increasingly being studied among the variety of stressors that are relevant to drinking water systems that obtain their source water from surface waters. De facto reuse may influence the levels and types of precursors relevant to formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in surface water systems. DBPs such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) have been associated with bladder cancer and other health concerns in people who use drinking water provided by public water systems (PWSs). In this study, we used compliance monitoring data from conventional surface water PWSs in the Shenandoah River watershed to evaluate the relationship between de facto reuse in the watershed with DBP formation in those systems. The Shenandoah River watershed was selected for this study because it has a relatively small group of PWSs that draw their source water from surface waters in the watershed, the majority of whom treat their water using chlorine, and are less likely to have confounding factors (such as complex distribution systems or lengthy residence times) than other watersheds. We found that concentrations of THM4 and HAA5 increase in drinking water systems as de facto reuse increases in their source waters and that the relation is observed at both annual average and low streamflow conditions (annual average and low streamflow increases were statistically significant for THM4 with p values of 0.027 and 0,021, respectively). In addition, using a t-test, we found that a 1% level of de facto reuse was associated with significantly higher levels of THM4 and HAA5 (p < 0.05) under annual average streamflow conditions. While the concentrations of HAA5 were also higher under annual average and low streamflow conditions, we did not find that they achieved a level of a significant difference. Results from this research will be helpful to operators of PWSs and other researchers and stakeholders with an interest in water reuse and DBPs.
The Design of Magnetically Insulated Transmission Lines

The design of vacuum power feeds for high-power accelerators requires the use of magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) for efficient power coupling. In MITLs, the self-magnetic field is strong enough to trap field emitted electrons near the cathode and prevent catastrophic electron losses. This requires a low enough impedance to have sufficient current to give the needed magnetic field. Analytic design tools have been developed over the last 25 years that are now being complemented by multi-dimensional E&M PIC calculations. We will describe the evolution of vacuum feed design starting with non-emissive vacuum power feeds and ending up with MITLs. We provide a heuristic, analytic approach to MITL design for high-power accelerators. The design tools have been benchmarked against 2-D E&M PIC codes. We will use the Screamer circuit code to model a high-power accelerator and show how Screamer provides the necessary information to design a high-power MITL.