cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS(

Epidermal necrosis, usually full-thickness, involves a variable proportion of the skin surface and is usually associated with an underlying stimulus. Necrosis can be restricted to the center of a classic target lesion or a rapid assault of the entire skin, and mucosal surface can occur, resulting in death. The main source of confusion is that although there are differences between entities caused predominantly by infections (erythema multiforme [EM] spectrum) and those caused predominantly by drugs (Stevens-Johnson syndrome [SJS] and toxic epidermal necrolysis [TEN]), there can be considerable overlap. Added to this clinical overlap is histologic overlap, although the degree of inflammation and epidermal necrosis are cited as potential differentiating factors.
Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Postindustrial Economy

(1988). Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Postindustrial Economy. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 880-882.
Liver Cancer Checks in When Bile Acid Clocks Out

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Kettner et al. identify the disruption of normal circadian rhythmicity as an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in experimental animals and reveal opposing roles for the nuclear receptors FXR and CAR in disease progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to HCC.
Effect of Thermal Aging on the Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded 250 Grade Maraging Steel

The main objective of this work is to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 250 grade Maraging steel. Successful welds were made using W-25%Re-4%HfC pin tools in forge control mode at a rotational speed of 200 rev·min−1 and a travel speed of 50.8 mm·s−1. Retained austenite was identified in the weld nugget. Formation of retained austenite in the weld nugget is strongly influenced by the weld process parameters. The effects of post weld aging on the corrosion and mechanical properties of the welds were evaluated and compared to the parent material. Post-weld aging at 482 °C for 15 h resulted in peak hardness across the weld nugget.
Learning in design: an EDRC (US) perspective

We identify four dimensions along which learning processes can play a role in design tasks: the generation and refinement of knowledge using machine learning techniques; knowledge acquisition, the transfer of knowledge to the machine during system development; the transfer of knowledge in a design support system back to its user; and the development of design repositories via the systematic recording, analysis, classification and re-use of design knowledge. We introduce six design systems at the EDRC at various stages of development that collectively span the learning dimensions mentioned above. We describe their individual domains, tasks, structures, performance and planned extensions. We also discuss the issues encountered in developing these systems and the solutions proposed to resolve them.
Nutrient and productivity relations of the dune grasses Ammophila arenaria and Elymus mollis : II. Growth and patterns of dry matter and nitrogen allocation as influenced by nitrogen supply.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of nitrogen availability on growth and the patterns of dry matter and nitrogen allocation of the dune grasses Ammophila arenaria and Elymus mollis. Plants were grown from rhizome segments under near-ambient coastal conditions and received either high or low supplies of nitrogen. Sequential harvests, and the separation of plant material into live blade, dead blade, tiller, rhizome, and root fractions were made during the exponential phase of growth. The concentrations of total nitrogen in these fractions were ascertained by the micro-Kjeldahl method.Despite similar relative rates of dry matter accumulation over the entire period of growth, Ammophila rates eventually surpassed those of Elymus due to a higher rate of blade area development under both nitrogen regimes. This was the result of allocating a larger proportion of daily assimilate to the production of new blades and a lower rate of blade area senescence, rather than a greater net assimilation rate. Low nitrogen availability decreased mean relative growth rate, mean leaf area ratio, mean leaf area expansion rate, and the leaf area partitioning coefficient but tended to increase mean net assimilation rate in both species.Studies of dry matter allocation revealed a "shoot-oriented" pattern of Ammophila growth, with an emphasis on the live blade fraction and a correspondingly diminished root fraction. Conversely, Elymus allocated more dry matter to roots and less to live blades. Allometric plots showed that twice as much live blade area was supported per gram of root by Ammophila than by Elymus. These differences were maintained despite changes in the availability of nitrogen.Although the patterns of dry matter and nitrogen partitioning were somewhat independent within a species (i.e. they were not tightly coupled), a general correspondence between the allocation of these resources was observed when the two species were compared. Ammophila allocated more nitrogen to live blades and less to tillers and roots than did Elymus. These characteristics of growth and resource allocation of Ammophila are thought to contribute to its greater above-ground productivity along the Pacific coast of North America compared to the native Elymus.
Planning using hierarchical constrained Markov decision processes

Constrained Markov decision processes offer a principled method to determine policies for sequential stochastic decision problems where multiple costs are concurrently considered. Although they could be very valuable in numerous robotic applications, to date their use has been quite limited. Among the reasons for their limited adoption is their computational complexity, since policy computation requires the solution of constrained linear programs with an extremely large number of variables. To overcome this limitation, we propose a hierarchical method to solve large problem instances. States are clustered into macro states and the parameters defining the dynamic behavior and the costs of the clustered model are determined using a Monte Carlo approach. We show that the algorithm we propose to create clustered states maintains valuable properties of the original model, like the existence of a solution for the problem. Our algorithm is validated in various planning problems in simulation and on a mobile robot platform, and we experimentally show that the clustered approach significantly outperforms the non-hierarchical solution while experiencing only moderate losses in terms of objective functions.
Symmetric and asymmetric (Ga,In)(P,As,N) quantum well and superlattice solar cells for lattice matched III-V/Si tandems (Conference Presentation)

Here we study photovoltaic properties of GaInPNAs based quantum well and superlattice solar cells that are strain balanced or lattice matched to Si and evaluate their potential toward the development of high efficiency tandems operating in conjunction with a silicon bottom cells.
Transfusion of Red Blood Cells Stored More Than 28 Days is Associated With Increased Morbidity Following Spine Surgery

Study design A retrospective study. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the association between storage duration of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and perioperative adverse events in patients undergoing spine surgery at a tertiary care center. Summary of background data Despite retrospective studies that have shown that longer PRBC storage duration worsens patient outcomes, randomized clinical trials have found no difference in outcomes. However, no studies have examined the impact of giving the oldest blood (28 days old or more) on morbidity within spine surgery. Methods The surgical administrative database at our institution was queried for patients transfused with PRBCs who underwent spine surgery between December 4, 2008, and June 26, 2015. Patients undergoing spinal fusion, tumor-related surgeries, and other identified spine surgeries were included. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of storage duration of blood transfused: exclusively ≤28 days' storage or exclusively >28 days' storage. The primary outcome was composite in-hospital morbidity, which included (1) infection, (2) thrombotic event, (3) renal injury, (4) respiratory event, and/or (5) ischemic event. Results In total, 1141 patients who received a transfusion were included for analysis in this retrospective study; 710 were transfused exclusively with PRBCs ≤28 days' storage and 431 exclusively with PRBCs >28 days' storage. Perioperative complications occurred in 119 patients (10.4%). Patients who received blood stored for >28 days had higher odds of developing any one complication [odds ratio (OR) = 1.82; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.20-2.74; P = 0.005] even after adjusting for competing perioperative risk factors. Conclusion Blood stored for >28 days is independently associated with higher odds of developing perioperative complications in patients transfused during spinal surgery. Our results suggest that blood storage duration may be an appropriate parameter to consider when developing institutional transfusion guidelines that seek to optimize patient outcomes. Level of evidence 3.
Abstract 593: High-Monounsaturated Fat Mediterranean-Type Diet Reduces Foamy Monocyte Formation and Atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- Mice on High-Cholesterol Diet

A large randomized clinical trial (PREDIMED) showed that adding “healthy monounsaturated fat (MUF)” to Mediterranean diet (MedD) by supplementation with extra virgin olive oil or nuts led to a redu...
INCIDENCE OF CANCER TREATMENT-INDUCED ARRHYTHMIA ASSOCIATED WITH NOVEL TARGETED CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

The incidence of cancer treatment-induced arrhythmia (CTIA) associated with novel, targeted chemotherapeutic agents (TCAs) has not been well described. We retrospectively identified all patients treated at our institution from January 2010 to December 2015 with TCAs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors,
1036-LBO: BATF plays a crucial role in induction of autoimmunity and BOS development following administration of antibodies to MHC

Aim Development of antibodies to donor specific antigen following transplantation is an increased risk factor for development of chronic rejection. We have previously demonstrated that administration of anti-MHC antibodies (ABs) results in the induction of immune responses against self antigens (K α 1 tubulin (KAT) and collagen V (Col V) leading to development of OAD mediated by IL-17. The overall objective of the study was to define the molecular mechanisms that contribute to OAD development . Basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like (BATF) is an upstream signaling mediator that controls development of TH17 responses and induction of autoimmunity. Methods BATF−/− mice and wild type mice were administered anti-MHC ABs endobronchially and analyzed for the development of OAD on day 30. Humoral and cellular immune responses against the self antigens (KAT and Col V) were analyzed by ELISA and ELISPOT respectively. B cell infiltration in the lungs were analyzed by flow cytometry and IL-6expression was analyze by qRT-PCR. Results Histopathological analysis of lungs from BATF−/− demonstrated no significant development of OAD following administration anti-MHC ABs. BATF−/− resulted in a eight fold reduction in cellular infiltration (p Conclusions Based on these results, we conclude that BATF play an important role in induction of immune responses to self antigens and immunopathogenesis of OAD following administration of anti-MHC. Therefore, strategies to block BATF signaling should be considered for preventing the development of chronic rejection.
Management of nonmelanoma skin tumors of the hand.

A wide variety of tumors can afflict the hand. Nonmelanoma skin tumors are common and are usually benign. The most common malignant tumor of the hand is a squamous cell carcinoma. Whether benign or malignant, these need neoplasms and are often initially symptomatic, presenting as an area of discoloration or excoriation. The tumor mass may become disfiguring or impair function. It behooves all hand surgeons to be aware to these nonmelanoma skin tumors and to secure prompt recognition and early treatment, thereby optimizing long-term results.
Computer Control of Building Energy Systems

The scope of the design of an energy conservative building includes optimized control of the energy systems within that building. In this paper, the importance of building air–conditioning control systems is outlined. The discussion focuses on the features, functions and benefits of computerised control of energy systems.
Mechanisms of support: coping with loss in a major children's hospital.

Abstract Employment in a children's hospital of a major medical center can be stressful for healthcare providers, especially when faced with potential losses of pediatric and adolescent patients. Although it seems natural to believe that emotional distress following the death of a patient would be addressed, this is not always the case. The current manuscript presents results of a survey of healthcare providers at Shands Children's Hospital at the University of Florida, a not-for-profit teaching hospital. Hospital staff (N = 94) responded to the survey with a 100% return rate. Responses identified situations considered to be stressful, and described how healthcare providers in this setting dealt with these incidents. Regarding existing hospital resources, respondents reported using multidisciplinary patient care conferences, social workers, and co-workers most often, as sources of support. Respondents also provided a lengthy listing of recommendations for improvement. Addressing the issues presented in th...
Barriers to Adherence to Physical Therapy, Occupational therapy, and Speech/Swallowing Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease (P5.073)

Objective: To identify potential barriers to adherence to physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and speech/swallow therapy (ST) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Background: PT, OT, and ST are associated with improved outcomes and quality of life in PD, but many patients do not follow through with these referrals. Design/Methods: The study sample consisted of an established longitudinal cohort of outpatients with PD at our center (n=326). Chart reviews were used to identify all PT, OT, and ST referrals from this cohort within a 2-year period (n=307 referrals, involving 204 subjects). Referral nonadherence was defined as the failure to initiate therapy within 1 year. Referrals were defined as internal if they were to NYU providers, or external if they were to any other site. External referrals were subdivided into in-home versus center-based therapy. Clinical correlates of referrals with nonadherence versus adherence were analyzed using standard statistical methodology. Results: The nonadherence (n=113, 37%) and adherence groups (n=194) were similar with respect to age (68.1±11.8 vs 70.4±9.8, p=0.22), female sex (34% vs 41%, p=0.40), on-state UPDRS motor score (41.3±15.2 vs 38.9±16.9, p=0.12), Beck Anxiety Inventory scores (11.7±8.7 vs 11.5±7.8, p=0.87) and Beck Depression Inventory-2 scores (7.9±6.7 vs 7.7±5.4, p=0.45). Nonadherence was more frequent with referrals to external (versus internal) sites (41% vs 24%, p=0.006) and center-based (versus in-home) therapy (40% vs 16%, p=0.007). Nonadherence was also associated with higher apathy scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (11, IQR:7–15 vs 9, IQR:5–14; p=0.028), and a trend towards younger age of PD onset (58.8±11.1 vs 61.2±10.2, p=0.07). Conclusions: Location may be a major factor in adherence to PT/OT/ST referrals in PD. Further study is warranted to determine whether changes in referral patterns to favor internal or in-home locations might increase adherence to these important non-pharmacological treatments. Study Supported by: GWV was supported by an AAN Medical Student Summer Research Scholarship. CVK received support from the Orenstein Family, Dallas, TX. MJN and KMM received support from the New York Stem Cell Foundation. Disclosure: Dr Vurture has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kulick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Montgomery has nothing to disclose. Dr Nirenberg has nothing to disclose.
Two-Step to One-Step Nucleation of a Zeolite through a Metastable Gyroid Mesophase

The importance of nonclassical nucleation pathways in the formation of complex crystals has become apparent in recent years. Nonclassical pathways were unraveled for, among others, the crystallization of proteins, colloids, and clathrates. In those cases, the formation of a metastable fluid with density close to the crystal decreases the crystallization barrier. Recent simulations indicate that mesophases can facilitate the nucleation of zeolites. Here, we use molecular simulations to investigate the role of a gyroid mesophase on the crystallization of a model zeolite from liquid. The nucleation pathway is always nonclassical. At warmer temperatures, the mechanism proceeds in two well-defined steps: nucleation of a metastable gyroid followed by its crystallization into a zeolite. At colder temperatures, the second barrier becomes negligible, and the crystallization occurs in one step. This second scenario is also nonclassical, as the critical nucleus for the crystallization has the structure of the gyroid...
Priming Mediated Vicarious Intergroup Contact: How Narrative Focus Influences Attitude Changes Toward Gay People, Same-Sex Family, and Social Dominance:

Mediated exposure to outgroups leads to attitude change. Through a controlled lab experiment, this study examines how television narrative focus (i.e., politics, religion, parenting, technology) pr...
On the Discursive Orientation toward Whiteness

There is a discursive tendency when examining questions of race and racism to address a reader who is implicitly white. This discursive orientation limits the range and rigour of our research quest...
Snapshot Compressive Imaging using Low Resolution Detectors

We present a snapshot compressive imaging system whereby aberrations enable simultaneous projections of the scene onto a low resolution detector. Results demonstrate the ability of aberrations to convert a low resolution imaging system into an effective compressive imager.
Influence spread in two-layer interdependent networks: designed single-layer or random two-layer initial spreaders?

Influence spread in multi-layer interdependent networks (M-IDN) has been studied in the last few years; however, prior works mostly focused on the spread that is initiated in a single layer of an M-IDN. In real world scenarios, influence spread can happen concurrently among many or all components making up the topology of an M-IDN. This paper investigates the effectiveness of different influence spread strategies in M-IDNs by providing a comprehensive analysis of the time evolution of influence propagation given different initial spreader strategies. For this study we consider a two-layer interdependent network and a general probabilistic threshold influence spread model to evaluate the evolution of influence spread over time. For a given coupling scenario, we tested multiple interdependent topologies, composed of layers A and B, against four cases of initial spreader selection: (1) random initial spreaders in A, (2) random initial spreaders in both A and B, (3) targeted initial spreaders using degree centrality in A, and (4) targeted initial spreaders using degree centrality in both A and B. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of influence spread highly depends on network topologies, the way they are coupled, and our knowledge of the network structure — thus an initial spread starting in only A can be as effective as initial spread starting in both A and B concurrently. Similarly, random initial spread in multiple layers of an interdependent system can be more severe than a comparable initial spread in a single layer. Our results can be easily extended to different types of event propagation in multi-layer interdependent networks such as information/misinformation propagation in online social networks, disease propagation in offline social networks, and failure/attack propagation in cyber-physical systems.
Human-gut-microbiome on a chip

A microfluidic chip incorporating oxygen gradients, a diverse human microbiota and patient-derived cells, mimics interactions between microorganisms and host tissue in the human gut.
The use of insulin and the effect on survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients

e22073 Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the common morbidities in United States. Insulin therapy has been frequently used in its treatment. Some studies have postulated that activation ...
The Role of H‑Bonding in Nonconcerted Proton-CoupledElectron Transfer: Explaining the Voltammetry of Phenylenediaminesin the Presence of Weak Bases in Acetonitrile

The kinetics of many proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions cannot be adequately described by stepwise proton and electron transfer. Concerted electron–proton transfer (CPET) is another ...
Longitudinal assessments of balance and jump-landing performance before and after anterior cruciate ligament injuries in collegiate athletes.

The purpose was to quantify the effect of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on balance and jump-landing performance and bilateral asymmetries. Among 500 collegiate athletes who performed a...
Correlation of pathogenic POLE mutations with clinical benefit to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

3008Background: Mutations in DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) may induce DNA replication errors, increasing neoantigen load and potentially enhancing clinical benefit to immune checkpoint inhibitors (...
Promoting Creative Problem-Solving in Schools of Pharmacy With The Use Of Design Thinking

Creativity and innovation are commonly discussed topics in the health professions and health professions education. However, initiating creative problem-solving without having a well-defined process in place can be a significant struggle. The design thinking process is gaining popularity in the health professions as a helpful strategy for individuals to address complex problems. In this commentary, we outline the design thinking process and advocate for the use of design thinking by faculty members to promote creative problem-solving in schools and colleges of pharmacy. The design thinking process includes three basic phases (inspiration, ideation, and implementation), each of which is accompanied by various strategies that enable participants to create and organize innovative solutions. Design thinking encourages collaboration, iteration, and optimism using techniques that make addressing ambiguity and failure during the creative process more comfortable. In addition, it pushes participants forward with ideas and can encourage confidence in individual creativity. Engaging faculty members, students, and practitioners in the design thinking process can equip individuals with the techniques and mindset needed to address complex problems in pharmacy education and beyond.
Avoiding Federal and State Constitutional Limitations in Taxation

This article reviews some federal and state constitutional law challenges to tax legislation in the US and considers how taxing and other revenue raising legislation tends to withstand constitutional challenge. Part I of this article examines instances in which the Supreme Court reviewed state taxing laws for conflict with the Constitution and overruled its earlier decisions in similar cases. One case involving a poll or capitation tax worked its way through the courts as the Constitution was being amended to prevent the states from using a poll tax in the future. Another case from 2018 resolves a longstanding tax collection and avoidance problem with state sales taxes. Part II focuses on a single longstanding Supreme Court precedent limiting federal tax law under the Constitution which Congress increasingly has not followed. The decision and recent congressional action is contextual in the current discussions of other taxing proposals. Part III considers some areas in which constitutional limitations exist but legislatures and courts seem to have no interest in addressing the limitations. Part IV concludes.
Laguerre–Volterra Feed-Forward Neural Network for Modeling PAM-4 High-Speed Links

In this article, we present a PAM-4 IBIS-AMI model derived from machine learning for time-domain simulation. More specifically, we report a Laguerre–Volterra-expanded feed-forward neural network (LVFFN) approach with one hidden layer and ten neurons to model the 28-Gb/s PAM-4 high-speed link buffer. The proposed LVFFN model reduces the model size and improves the computational efficiency dramatically compared with the Volterra series model and other transitional artificial neural network models. The LVFFN model is implemented in IBIS-AMI, an industrial standard, and is simulated in existing software platforms for eye-diagram analysis. This work has two innovations: 1) we propose a method that dramatically reduces the neural network model complexity through a Laguerre–Volterra expansion when modeling weakly nonlinear systems with memory and 2) we implement an LVFFN model into IBIS-AMI to enhance the model interoperability and transportability.
Diagnosing Strongylus vulgaris in pooled fecal samples.

Abstract Strongylus vulgaris is the most pathogenic intestinal helminth parasite infecting horses. The migrating larvae in the mesenteric blood vessels can cause non-strangulating intestinal infarctions, which have a guarded prognosis for survival. Infections are typically diagnosed by coproculture, but a PCR test is available in some countries. While it is ideal to test horses individually, many veterinarians and clients wish to pool samples to reduce workload and cost of the diagnostic method. The purpose of this study was to determine if pooling of fecal samples would negatively impact diagnostic performance of the coproculture and the PCR for determination of S. vulgaris infection. Ten horses with strongylid eggs per gram (EPG) >500 and confirmed as either S. vulgaris positive or negative were selected as fecal donors. Eight pools with feces from five horses were created with 0%, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 80 %, and 100 % S. vulgaris positive feces. From each pool, 20 subsamples of 10 g each were collected and analyzed. Half of these samples were set up for coproculture and the other half for PCR. All pools containing 50 % or greater S. vulgaris positive feces were detected positive by both PCR and coproculture. In the pools with less than 50 % S. vulgaris positive feces, the PCR detected 33 positive samples compared to 24 with the coproculture. Three samples from the 0% pool were detected as low-level PCR positives, but this could be due to contamination. These results indicate that diagnosing S. vulgaris on pooled samples is reliable, when at least 50 % of the feces in a pool are from S. vulgaris positive animals. Since S. vulgaris remains relatively rare in managed horses, however, some diagnostic sensitivity is expected to be lost with a pooled sample screening approach. Nonetheless, pooled sample screening on farms could still be considered useful under some circumstances, and the PCR generally performed better at the lower proportions of S. vulgaris positive feces.
Why bother with alpha particles

The approval of 223RaCl2 for cancer therapy in 2013 has heralded a resurgence of interest in the development of α-particle emitting radiopharmaceuticals. In the last decade, over a dozen α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals have entered clinical trials, spawned by strong preclinical studies. In this article, we explore the potential role of α-particle therapy in cancer treatment. We begin by providing a background for the basic principles of therapy with α-emitters, and we explore recent breakthroughs in therapy with α-emitting radionuclides, including conjugates with small molecules and antibodies. Finally, we discuss some outstanding challenges to the clinical adoption of α-therapies and potential strategies to address them.
Youth Mentoring Relationships and College Social and Academic Functioning: The Role of Mentoring Relationship Quality, Duration, and Type

The aim of the present study was to examine how college students' retrospective reports of youth-mentoring experiences were associated with current sense of belonging and community, academic motivation, and college self-efficacy, and to determine hows these outcomes vary as a function of mentoring relationship quality, duration, and type (e.g., natural versus program-sponsored). Analyses were conducted in Mplus 8.0 on a sample of 400 college students. Our findings suggest that most college students endorse a mentoring relationship. We found that having a mentor was associated with increased college self-efficacy. Among those with a youth mentor, relationship quality was positively associated with sense of belonging and college self-efficacy while duration of the mentoring relationship and relationship type were not associated with college-related outcomes. Further analyses were conducted to assess how the associations between relationship quality and the college-related outcomes varied as a function of mentoring duration and type. Relationship quality was uniquely associated with these college-related outcomes over and above student gender, race, and first-generation status. Our findings suggest it may be important to prioritize the enhancement of mentor relationship quality as a mechanism to affect change in academic-related outcomes.
Impact of Child Interaction With Food Preparation on Vegetable Preferences: A Farm-Based Education Approach.

OBJECTIVE To identify the impact of child involvement in vegetable preparation on vegetable preference and attitudes toward eating vegetables. DESIGN Pre-post mixed-methods. SETTING Food and Farming Camp at a nonprofit urban farm in Sunnyvale, California. PARTICIPANTS Camp participants aged 8-10 years (n = 34 girls, n = 12 boys), and aged 11-14 years (n = 19 girls, n = 4 boys). INTERVENTIONS Involvement in vegetable preparation through harvesting, cutting, cooking, and seasoning before consumption. Interviews identified camper perception of vegetable preference and involvement in preparation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in vegetable preference from baseline with and without involvement in vegetable preparation. Attitudes toward involvement in vegetable preparation. ANALYSIS Adjustment of preferences to baseline followed by tests of hypotheses to identify differences with involvement. Thematic, qualitative coding to identify prevalent themes within interview responses. RESULTS Younger campers preferred vegetables they prepared (P < 0.05), except for carrots. Campers were more likely to choose vegetables they prepared (P < 0.05). Campers of both age groups were curious to try their vegetable creations and described feelings of pride and responsibility related to preparing vegetables. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Involvement with food preparation, in particular in a garden-based setting, may provide an accessible method to improve child vegetable preference.
Making the Right Gamble: The Odds On Probable Cause

work was underwritten by the National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law at the University of Mississippi School of Law, which is supported by a grant from the Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance. I thank my friends and colleagues, John Douglass and Corinna Lain, for their comments on an earlier draft, and for enduring my endless ruminations on this topic.
Minimizing Impact of Low Sulfur Coke on Anode Quality

Approximately 95% of the SO2 emissions generated by a smelter can be attributed to sulfur found in the incoming petroleum coke used in anode production. Efforts to reduce smelter SO2 emissions and increasingly demanding environmental permit requirements have resulted in a number of plants shifting to lower sulfur coke. Lower sulfur concentrations in the anode have been demonstrated by others to negatively impact anode quality and potentially Potroom performance by increasing the anode carboxy reactivity. In the following paper, we explore various methods to minimize this impact. These include, types of low sulfur cokes to be used in the coke blend, alterations in aggregate granulometry, and improved baking practices. The results from these studies are presented.
Novel photonic RF receiver using tunable Brillouin filtering and optical mixing

We propose and demonstrate a broadband swept frequency RF receiver using tunable Brillouin filtering and optical mixing. Preliminary experiments confirm successful image suppression and wide bandwidth operation.
Hydrodynamic and Geometric Stiffening Effects on the Out-of-Plane Waves of Submerged Cables

This study focuses on the relative importance of two sources of nonlinearities affecting submerged cable response. The first of these is the added fluid damping offered by the surrounding medium while the second is the geometric stiffening offered by the cable through finite extensions of its centerline. The contribution of each nonlinear effect, taken separately and in tandem, is evaluated herein through the study of structural waves that form in the (out-of-plane) direction normal to the cable equilibrium plane.
Effect of phospholipases on the structure and function of mitochondria.

Abstract 1. Exposure of bovine heart mitochondria to purified preparations of phospholipase A or phospholipase C resulted in losses of phosphorylation capacity, whereas respiration was not impaired. 2. The inhibitory effects of low concentrations of phospholipase A on phosphorylation were prevented or reversed by bovine serum albumin. At higher concentrations of phospholipase A neither bovine serum albumin nor lecithin were effective in restoring phosphorylation. 3. Exposure of mitochondria to phospholipase C resulted in a loss of Ca++ translocation, a partial depression of oxidative phosphorylation, and a partial loss of organically bound phosphorus. 4. Phospholipase C-treated mitochondria were resistant to the uncoupling action of Ca++ or K+ plus valinomycin. Addition of nigericin together with valinomycin and K+ was required to abolish phosphorylation associated with oxidation in phospholipase C-treated mitochondria. These responses resemble those of submitochondrial particles rather than those of mitochondria. In electron micrographs, phospholipase C-treated mitochondria looked like submitochondrial particles packaged in mitochondria. 5. A partial restoration of Ca++ translocation after phospholipase C digestion was achieved by addition of either egg lecithin or of large amounts of bovine serum albumin.
The Gentle Art of Corporate Seduction: Tax Incentives in the United States and the European Union

Tax competition among the States, in particular the use of targeted tax incentives, is a compelling problem in our federal system. In order to attract corporations and the employment opportunities they represent, States engage in a "race to the bottom" through destructive bidding wars. This article discusses the considerably different approaches used by the U.S. and the European Union to temper the ability of their States and Member States to provide tax subsidies and concludes that lessons can be learned from the EU experience. This article sets forth the current approaches to distinguishing between appropriate and inappropriate tax incentives. In the EU, the Member State bears the burden of proving that the proposed tax incentive does not distort the common market. Any new incentive is subject to a formal investigation by the Commission to determine whether it is compatible with the common market. The U.S. does not, however, have a governmental entity that is analogous to that of the European Commission. Furthermore, in the U.S. it appears that the standing doctrine effectively keeps most parties from challenging the various States' tax incentives. EU state aid policy enables Member States to resist protectionist pleas from companies such that the EU is experiencing a downward trend in the use of tax incentives and virtually no use of the targeted tax incentives utilized so widely by the American States. This article recommends the formation of a group under the auspices of the Multistate Tax Commission to promulgate a State Code of Conduct for Business Taxation analogous to the EU's Code of Conduct. This Code of Conduct would prohibit States from offering targeted tax incentives.
Social anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence: current status and future directions.

This paper reviews the current status of research on the phenomenology, etiology, maintenance, assessment, and treatment of childhood and adolescent social anxiety disorder (SAD). Despite being one of the most prevalent disorders of childhood and adolescence, SAD paradoxically stands as one of the least recognized, researched, and treated pediatric disorders. The small treatment outcome literature provides preliminary support to the effectiveness of various forms of cognitive behavior therapy. The majority of studies to date, however, are limited by inadequate control conditions. Other findings include some support for the utility of parental involvement in treatment, significant advancements in outcome measures (e.g., normative comparisons, indices of naturalistic social functioning), and impressive durability of gains for the majority of treatments. Future directions are suggested, including experimental and naturalistic studies of developmental pathways and maintenance factors, the incorporation of “positive psychology” constructs (e.g., positive emotions, hope, self-control) in treatment and prevention, and the continued delineation of differences between child, adolescent, and adult manifestations of SAD.
Natural extrapair paternity matches receptivity patterns in unguarded females: evidence for importance of female choice

While observational and experimental field studies have demonstrated that extrapair paternity is associated with a variety of male traits, there are still few published studies associating measures of paternity with behavioural preferences of females for extrapair males. In this sense, the majority of studies of extrapair paternity have failed to separate male competition from female choice. In this study we compared patterns of extrapair paternity in western bluebirds, Sialia mexicana, to previously published data on extrapair mating preferences from the same population. Results from previous experiments, where females’ mates were prevented from guarding or otherwise interfering with extrapair mating, accurately predicted patterns of paternity at 256 unmanipulated nests examined over a 6-year period. Specifically, as predicted based on which males were accepted as extrapair copulation partners, genetic extrapair sires were older but not larger than a female’s social mate. At the same time, relatively older extrapair males were not proportionally more successful, in terms of proportion of offspring sired, than younger males. Together these findings indicate that female choice for older males is expressed, but male competition, sperm competition and intersexual conflict also influence the magnitude of paternity. We suggest that experimental approaches, combined with measures of paternity under unmanipulated conditions, provide important opportunities to test the potential role of male versus female behaviours as selective factors in extrapair fertilizations.
Structural Determination and Acidolysis Reactions of Ortho-Metalated Rhenium Tetrahydride Compounds Prepared from Reactions of ReH(7)(PPh(3))(2) with Benzylic Imines.

Reactions between ReH7(PPh3)2 and a series of benzylic imines, PhCHNR (R = Me, Ph, or Bn), produce the compounds ReH4[η2-(1,2-C6H4)CHNR](PPh3)2. One such compound, ReH4[η2-(1,2-C6H4)CHNPh](PPh3)2, was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound ReH4[η2-(1,2-C6H4)CHNPh](PPh3)2 crystallizes in the P1 space group with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 12.422(3) A, b = 12.696(3) A, c = 13.604(5) A, α = 93.26(2)°, β = 90.66(2)°, γ = 107.03(2)°, V = 2047.2 A3, and Z = 2. The structure was refined to R(Fo) = 0.029 (Rw(Fo) = 0.034) for 5352 data with I > 3.0σ(I). The structure determination indicates that ortho-metalation of the imine reactant occurs during the reaction of ReH7(PPh3)2 with PhCHNPh. The observation of four ν(Re−H) absorptions in the infrared spectrum of each ReH4[η2-(1,2-C6H4)CHNR](PPh3)2 compound indicates that the rhenium-bound hydrogen atoms, in these compounds, are better regarded as classical hydride ligands rather than as elongated dihydrogen ligands. Acidolysis reactio...
Isolation and sequence of L3T4 complementary DNA clones: expression in T cells and brain

T lymphocytes express on their surface not only a specific receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex proteins, but also a number of additional glycoproteins that are thought to play accessory roles in the processes of recognition and signal transduction. L3T4 is one such T-cell surface protein that is expressed on most mouse thymocytes and on mature mouse T cells that recognize class II (Ia) major histocompatibility complex proteins. Such cells are predominantly of the helper/inducer phenotype. In this study, complementary DNA clones encoding L3T4 were isolated and sequenced. The predicted protein sequence shows that L3T4 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. It is encoded by a single gene that does not require rearrangement prior to expression. Although the protein has not previously been demonstrated on nonhematopoietic cells, two messenger RNA species specific for L3T4 are found in brain. The minor species comigrates with the L3T4 transcript in T cells, whereas the major species is 1 kilobase smaller.
The effect of ALA/PpIX PDT on putative cancer stem cells in tumor side populations

Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) synthesized endogenously from 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is effluxed from cells expressing the ATP-dependent transporter ABCG2. Side population (SP) cells (named for their low red/blue fluorescence distribution in flow cytometry plots with ABCG2 substrates such as Hoechst) are postulated to contain cancer stem cells (CSC). The SP in U87 (human gliblastoma cell line) were more resistant to ALA-PDT than NON-SP cells. Inhibiting ABCG2 activity with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM, Gleevec) during incubation with ALA increased PpIX in the SP by preventing its efflux and decreased the SP after subsequent PDT, enhancing phototoxicity. Evasion of SP cells from ALA-PDT could cause tumor recurrence from CSC. Manipulation of ABCG2 levels on the SP with small molecule modulators may be a potential strategy for enhancing PDT by decreasing the amount of substrate photosensitizer extruded from cells and lowering the threshold for phototoxicity.
Visibility and evaluation of female and male leaders

Visibility and evaluation of female and male leaders were assessed as a function of follower sex, performance level, and rater sex by having subjects view videotapes of interacting triads. Subjects identified persons exhibiting leadership behaviors as leaders regardless of experimental condition. Performance level had significant main effects on six of seven leader evaluation measures, with leaders of high-performing groups being rated more leaderlike, dominant, intelligent, competent, industrious, and supportive. Although female leaders were equally visible and were evaluated the same as male leaders, the probability of continued success was seen as lower for groups with female leaders of all-female or all-male followers. Results were interpreted as an indication that relevant behavioral data can mitigate stereotypic perceptions and evaluations in the individual case, but that current evaluations of female leaders may fail to generalize to future performance expectancies.
Asparagine Biosynthesis by Cotton Roots Carbon Dioxide Fixation and Cyanide Incorporation

Asparagine is the dominant amino acid in cotton root tips (Acala SJ-1). Two biosynthetic pathways may be operative. First, asparagine is an ultimate product of nonphotosynthetic CO2 fixation. Whereas short term 14CO2 labeling experiments indicate that malate is the predominant product, asparagine appears exponentially and does not appear to be in an active metabolic pool. Other products labeled with 14CO2 are citrate, aspartate, and glutamate. No neutral components are labeled. Secondly, asparagine is synthesized via a pathway starting with cyanide. Major amino acid products labeled with 14CN− are β-cyanoalanine and asparagine. Similarly to CO2 fixation, asparagine synthesized from cyanide is not in an active metabolic pool. Other products labeled include anion and neutral components. The exact nature of the latter is not known.
Comparing Effects of Country Reputation and the Overall Corporate Reputations of a Country on International Consumers’ Product Attitudes and Purchase Intentions

The purpose of this study is to compare effects of country reputation and the overall corporate reputations of a country on international consumers’ product attitudes and purchase intentions. The country-of-origin effect can be linked not only to country reputation but also to the overall corporate reputations of a country. Using a general public survey of American citizens, this study attempted to examine the relations between the American public's opinions of South Korea, South Korean corporations and South Korean products. Key findings and implications for communication strategies in international marketing are discussed.
Stepwise linear regression particular integrals for uncoupled thermoelasticity with boundary elements

This paper presents a simple technique for the efficient treatment of non-uniform body forces in boundary elements without the need for domain discretization. The distribution of the nonuniform forces in the domain is described using regression polynomials. Particular integrals corresponding to these polynomials are developed for the solution of the non-homogeneous differential equations of elasticity. The method allows the use of low order polynomials to model a general distribution of thermal effects in the domain. Numerical data is given to provide comparisons of boundary only data versus combined boundary and domain data based regression polynomials.
Bumetanide augments the neuroprotective efficacy of phenobarbital plus hypothermia in a neonatal hypoxia-ischemia model.

Bumetanide augments the neuroprotective efficacy of phenobarbital plus hypothermia in a neonatal hypoxia–ischemia model
TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, and TGF‐β3 Exhibit Distinct Patterns of Expression During Cranial Suture Formation and Obliteration In Vivo and In Vitro

Cranial sutures function as bone growth centers while themselves remaining unossified. Rat frontonasal sutures become obliterated by neonatal day 21 (N21), while coronal sutures do not fuse over the life of the animal. Coronal sutures induced to undergo osseous obliteration in vitro after removal of the dura mater were found to require soluble, heparin-binding factors present in dura mater to resist osseous obliteration. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), beta 2, and beta 3, heparin-binding factors known to regulate bone cell proliferation and differentiation, were considered likely candidates. The presence and distribution of these factors in calvarial tissues both in vivo and in vitro were established by immunohistochemical analysis, while reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) was employed to determine the presence of transcripts for these factors in mRNA isolated from microdissected dura mater. Results indicated that the presence of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 were associated with developing coronal and frontonasal sutures, and that the continued presence of these factors was associated with osseous obliteration of the frontonasal suture. However, increased TGF-beta 3 immunoreactivity was associated with the coronal suture remaining unossified. RT/PCR demonstrated the presence of transcripts for TGF-beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 in dural tissues isolated from rat calvaria. These data support the notion of a role for TGF-beta s in regulating cranial suture morphogenesis and establish the in vitro model as a valid system for examining mechanisms by which growth factors regulate both suture morphogenesis and bone growth at the suture site.