cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychological Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption and Interpersonal Aggression: The Potential Role of Individual Differences in Alcohol-Related Criminal Violence

This article selectively reviews psychological research pertinent to the role of drinking in interpersonal aggression. The underlying theme is that individual differences represent a neglected area...
Arithmetic progressions, prime numbers, and squarefree integers

In this paper we establish the distribution of prime numbers in a given arithmetic progression p ≡ l for which ap + b is squarefree.
Chemistry of the phenoxathiins. III. Synthesis of benzo[1″,2″:5,6:5″,4″:5′,6′]bis[1,4]oxathiino[3,2‐b:3′,2′‐b']dipyridine

As a continuation of recent study on the synthesis of a bis[1,4]oxathiinodipyridine ring system, we would now like to report the preparation of 7-chlorobenzo[1″,2″:5,6:3″,4″:5′,6′]-bis[1,4]oxathiino[3,2-b: 3′,2′-b]dipyridine. Although a potentially complex reaction with several products possible, the title compound was formed exclusively, suggesting considerable mechanistic selectivity. The characterization of the product by FT-1H-nmr as well as its mass spectral fragmentation pathways are also reported.
Increasing returns and the shift from customs union to common market

Abstract This paper analyzes the welfare effects of the shift from customs union to common market in the presence of increasing returns to scale, either internal or external to the firm. A sufficient condition for gains is derived in terms of a weighted average of the output changes in the increasing returns industries. The theory is applied to data from European common market countries. As a percent of GDP, potential gains from increasing returns related cost reductions in the move to full common market are almost surely less than 2% and more likely less than 0.7%.
Digital rights management architectures

Digital rights management (DRM) is increasingly becoming a necessity for content management and distribution in highly networked environments such as the Internet. However, very few DRM models have been able to achieve commercial success and acceptance among users. This paper analyzes the problems with current DRM environments and proposes an open layered framework for development of DRM systems, where different technologies can interoperate within the framework. Furthermore, interoperability is studied in terms of the proposed layered framework, and problems posed by the current rights expression languages (RELs) are identified. We conclude that a refactoring of current RELs based on a set of design principles is necessary to achieve a reasonable level of DRM interoperability. We emphasize the need for middleware services for DRM, along with their responsibilities and places of operation within the proposed framework. Finally, a specific prototype architecture is introduced that makes use of existing infrastructures in order to implement a DRM environment consistent with the design principles described in this paper.
Statistical image algebra: a Bayesian approach

A mathematical structure used to express image processing transforms, the AFATL image algebra has proven itself useful in a wide variety of applications. The theoretical foundation for the image algebra includes many important constructs for handling a wide variety of image processing problems: questions relating to linear and nonlinear transforms, including decomposition techniques; mapping of transformations to computer architectures; neural networks; recursive transforms; and data manipulation on hexagonal arrays. However, statistical notions have been included only on a very elementary level and on a more sophisticated level in the literature. This paper presents an extension of the current image algebra that includes a Bayesian statistical approach. It is shown how images are modeled as random vectors, probability functions or mass functions are modeled as images, and conditional probability functions are modeled as templates. The remainder of the paper gives a brief discussion of the current image algebra, an example of the use of image algebra to express high-level image processing transforms, and the presentation of the statistical development of the image algebra.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
From the Absent Mother to the Oppressive Mother to the New Mother in Lucía Etxebarria's Un milagro en equilibrio

This article examines the transformation of maternal and paternal images that occurs in Lucia Etxebarria's 2004 novel Un milagro en equilibrio. Sandra Schumm argues that the novel engages and transforms the postwar archetype of the “absent mother.” Using Schumm's study as a springboard, my article takes this argument further by showing how Etxebarria rewrites a second maternal archetype, the “oppressive mother,” a figure that symbolizes patriarchal values and the Francoist regime in many postwar narratives by women. At first, protagonist Eva Agullo characterizes her mother, Eva Benayas, as one of these oppressive mothers, a characterization that Etxebarria has also employed in her two most famous novels to date, Amor curiosidad, prozac y dudas and Beatriz y los cuerpos celestes. Un milagro en equilibrio marks a change in Etxebarria's treatment of mothers because, as the novel progresses, Agullo questions and then complicates this portrayal. The Benayas that emerges is a complex woman influenced by persona...
Attention, consciousness, and electrical wave activity within the cortical column

The triangular circuit theory of attention is extended to activity of pyramidal neurons in cortical columns. The expanded theory accounts for both the brief attention of locating and identifying objects and the sustained attention of preparation for and maintenance of attention to objects, attributes, and locations. It is proposed that sustained attention is expressed in a cortical column by repeated surges of current in the long apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons, which form a wave. When the wave is sufficiently intense in a cluster of these neurons, it can be measured at the scalp as EEG oscillations. The wave of attention may or may not produce output pulses from the neuron. Selective attention may be expressed as enhanced processing of pulses arriving at the basal dendrites and leaving at the soma of these pyramidal neurons. It is also proposed that wave activity in the apical dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons generates subjective experience. When wave activity is produced by the attention circuit in a cortical area beyond the primary sensory areas, it generates our foreground experience of an object. When wave activity is produced in the primary sensory areas by signals from sensory receptors, it generates our background experience, or consciousness.
Enhancing Real-Time CORBA Predictability and Performance

Distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) applications possess stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as low latency, bounded jitter, and high throughput. An increasing number of DRE applications are developed using QoS-enabled middleware, such as Real-time CORBA and the Real-time Specification for Java (RTSJ), to ensure predictable end-to-end QoS. Real-time CORBA is an open middleware standard that allows DRE applications to allocate, schedule, and control the QoS of CPU, memory, and networking resources. The RTSJ provides extensions to Java that enable it to be used as the basis for Real-time CORBA middleware and applications.
Quality of care: how good is good enough?

Israel has made impressive progress in improving performance on key measures of the quality of health care in the community in recent years. These achievements are all the more notable given Israel's modest overall spending on health care and because they have accrued to virtually the entire population of the country. Health care systems in most developed nations around the world find themselves in a similar position today with respect to health care quality. Despite significantly increased improvement efforts over the past decade, routine safety processes, such as hand hygiene and medication administration, fail routinely at rates of 30% to 50%. People with chronic diseases experience preventable episodes of acute illness that require hospitalization due to medication mix-ups and other failures of outpatient management. Patients continue to be harmed by preventable adverse events, such as surgery on the wrong part of the body and fires in operating theaters. Health care around the world is not nearly as safe as other industries, such as commercial aviation, that have mastered highly effective ways to manage serious hazards. Health care organizations will have to undertake three interrelated changes to get substantially closer to the superlative safety records of other industries: leadership commitment to zero major quality failures, widespread implementation of highly effective process improvement methods, and the adoption of all facets of a culture of safety. Each of these changes represents a major challenge to the way today's health care organizations plan and carry out their daily work. The Israeli health system is in an enviable position to implement these changes. Universal health insurance coverage, the enrolment of the entire population in a small number of health plans, and the widespread use of electronic health records provide advantages available to few other countries. Achieving and sustaining levels of safety comparable to, say, commercial aviation will be a long journey for health care--one we should begin promptly. This is a commentary on http://www.ijhpr.org/content/1/1/3/
Design and analysis of multiple token ring networks

A discussion is presented of multiple-token-ring networks. Based on different packet transmission schemes, three protocols are discussed: (i) separate queues with simultaneous transmissions, (ii) single queue with simultaneous transmissions, and (iii) single queue with single transmission. The interface design and the approximate analyses are presented for all of the three protocols. >
Physical oceanography of the Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and the Gulf of Oman—Results from the Mt Mitchell expedition

The NOAA research vessel Mt Mitchell operated in the Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and Gulf of Oman, from February to June 1992. Of seven separate legs, six official legs and on unofficial leg on the homeward journey, four were devoted primarily to physical oceanographic measurements. Basin-wide surveys of bottom sediments and biological variables were also undertaken but those results are not covered here. A variety of physical oceanographic observations were taken: 1. over 500 CTD casts were made; 2. seven current meter moorings were deployed and six were recovered yielding 11 quality current meter records at different depths; 3. 36 drifting buoys with Argos positioning were deployed; and 4. continuous shipboard measurements of meteorological and oceanographic variables were recorded. The expedition data base continues to grow as new data from coastal meteorological and tide stations are added. The measurements are reviewed from the experimental point of view. Data accuracy, resolution, and precision are discussed and quality assurance of the measurements is reviewed. The complete data set covers the important seasonal transition from mid-winter to early summer. During this period of time, solar heating created an intense thermocline which decoupled the surface mixed layer from the interior water. The data are reviewed in the light of prior measurements and recent modelling results.
Convergence Properties of Fixed-Point Harmonic Balance Algorithms

A necessary condition for the local convergence of Borich's fixed point harmonic balance algorithm is derived. The delineation of regions with different convergence properties is then performed using convergence maps. These maps explain the poor convergence and non-convergence that is exhibited by fixed point harmonic balance algorithms in practical applications. A connection between optimal fixed point harmonic balance and conventional harmonic balance is established. This provides a series of insights into ways of improving the generality and performance of fixed point harmonic balance algorithms.
Factors affecting energy resolution of coplanar-grid CdZnTe detectors

Coplanar-grid CdZnTe detectors have been under development for the past 10 years as room-temperature gamma-ray spectrometers, and they are being produced for use in a number of applications. Despite the improvements in detector active volume and spectral response that have been achieved with the coplanar-grid technique, the full potential of such detectors is still far from being realized. There exist a number of material, device, and electronics factors that limit detector performance and yield. Some of the major factors are identified and examined in terms of their origins and the magnitude of their effects on energy resolution.
The evidence-based pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent and often disabling disorder. This paper reviews the pharmacological treatment of SAD based on published placebo-controlled studies and published metaanalyses. It addresses three specific questions : What is the first-line pharmacological treatment of SAD? How long should treatment last? What should be the management of treatment-resistant cases? Based on their efficacy for SAD and common co-morbid disorders, tolerability and safety, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine should be considered the first-line treatment for most patients. Less information is available regarding the optimal length of treatment, although individuals who discontinue treatment after 12–20 wk appear more likely to relapse than those who continue on medication. Even less empirical evidence is available to support strategies for treatment-resistant cases. Clinical experience suggests that SSRI non-responders may benefit from augmentation with benzodiazepines or gabapentin or from switching to monoamine oxidase inhibitors, reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, benzodiazepines or gabapentin. Cognitive-behavioural is a well-established alternative first line therapy that may also be a helpful adjunct in non-responders to pharmacological treatment of SAD. Received 24 May 2011 ; Reviewed 22 June 2011 ; Revised 16 December 2011 ; Accepted 18 January 2012 ; First published online 21 March 2012
The Developmental Course of Conflict in Dissolution of Premarital Relationships

The purpose of this study was to outline the developmental course of conflict in premarital relationship dissolution. There were 97 subjects, all of whom had been involved in a serious relationship that had dissolved. They completed a retrospective interview concerning the development and dissolution of their relationships. Levels of conflict, love, maintenance and ambivalence were assessed across five relationship stages (from `casual dating' to `certain the relationship would end'). The developmental trend of conflict was significant. We also examined the interrelations between conflict and love, maintenance and ambivalence during stages of increasing versus decreasing interdependence. Ambivalence was significantly related to conflict at stages of increasing interdependence, while maintenance was significantly positively related (and love was significantly negatively related) to conflict during stages of decreasing interdependence. Discussion centres round the changing role of conflict in the developmen...
Inflammation and glucose sensors: use of dexamethasone to extend glucose sensor function and life span in vivo.

Background:It has been generally accepted that the acute loss of sensor function is the consequence of sensor biofouling as a result of inflammation induced at sites of sensor implantation, as well...
Social and Communication Development in Toddlers With Early and Later Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Context To our knowledge, no prospective studies of the developmental course of early and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders from 14 months of age exist. Objective To examine patterns of development from 14 to 24 months in children with early and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Design Prospective, longitudinal design in which 125 infants at high and low risk for autism were tested from age 14 to 36 months. Comprehensive standardized assessments included measures of social, communication, and play behavior. Setting Testing occurred at a major medical and research institution as part of a large, ongoing longitudinal study. Participants Low-risk controls (n = 18) and siblings of children with autism, grouped on the basis of outcome diagnostic classification at 30 or 36 months: autism spectrum disorders (early diagnosis, n = 16; later diagnosis, n = 14), broader autism phenotype (n = 19), and non–broader autism phenotype (n = 58). Main Outcome Measures Social, communication, and symbolic abilities were assessed. Results Social, communication, and play behavior in the early-diagnosis group differed from that in all other groups by 14 months of age. By 24 months, the later-diagnosis group differed from the non–autism spectrum disorder groups in social and communication behavior, but not from the early-diagnosis group. Examination of growth trajectories suggests that autism may involve developmental arrest, slowing, or even regression. Conclusion This study provides insight into different patterns of development of children with early vs later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders.
Suppression of Hepatitis B Virus Core Promoter by the Nuclear Orphan Receptor TR4

Abstract The TR4 orphan receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that modulates gene expression via binding to the AGGTCA direct repeat hormone response element. Here we report a functional study of TR4 interaction with the core promoter of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The electrophoretic mobility shift assay shows that TR4 can bind to the direct repeat 1 sequence element (AGGTTAAAGGTCT, nucleotide coordinates 1757–1769, TR4RE-HBV) on the HBV core promoter. TR4 also can enhance the activity of a synthetic luciferase reporter linked with four copies of TR4RE-HBV in either liver HepG2 or non-liver H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, TR4 represses the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the entire HBV genome sequences. Moreover, mutation of this TR4RE-HBV site in the HBV core promoter diminishes the TR4 suppression effect. This TR4-induced suppression of HBV core promoter activity is further confirmed by primer extension analysis of the HBV core RNAs, showing that TR4 represses both pre-core and core mRNAs. Further dissection of this repressive mechanism indicates that TR4 may suppress the HBV core promoter activity via repressing HNF4α-mediated transactivation by protein-protein interactions without inhibition of HNF4α DNA binding. Furthermore, our results indicate that the N- and C-terminal regions of TR4 protein are required for TR4-HNF4α interaction. It is possible that TR4-HNF4α interaction may block the HNF4α function that results in the suppression of HBV gene expression. Together, these results demonstrate that TR4 can serve as a negative modulator in the transcriptional regulation of HBV core gene expression.
Pedestal performance dependence upon plasma shape in DIII-D

Higher moments of the plasma shape than triangularity are found to significantly affect the pedestal pressure and the edge localized mode (ELM) characteristics in DIII-D. The shape dependence of the pedestal pressure was experimentally examined by varying the squareness in the proposed ITER configuration while holding the triangularity fixed. Over this scan the pedestal pressure increased by ~50% from highest squareness to lowest squareness. The variation of pedestal energy is found to be consistent with the stability analysis of the measured profiles. The ELM energy also varied with the shape to maintain a nearly constant fraction of the pedestal energy. Stability analysis using model shapes and pressure profiles indicates that much of the advantage of high triangularity for high pedestal pressure can be achieved in lower triangularity shapes by optimizing squareness and/or the distance of the secondary upper separatrix from the primary separatrix. In high beta discharges an increase in pedestal pressure is observed with higher global stored energy. The greatest pedestal pressure increase is at low squareness due to an increase in both the pressure gradient stability limit and the width of the pedestal. The variation in pedestal pressure with squareness was also used to optimize 'hybrid' discharges in DIII-D where a lower pedestal pressure was required for an improved overall performance. In the 'hybrid' regime low squareness resulted in a high pedestal pressure with large infrequent ELMs that eventually triggered an internal 2/1 tearing mode that locked, resulting in a disruption. At higher squareness the pedestal pressure was reduced with smaller and more rapid ELMs, resulting in the maintenance of a steady beneficial internal 3/2 tearing mode and good confinement. For all the cases studied, an increase in the pedestal width at low squareness appears to be a significant factor in the increase in the total pedestal pressure.
Bumble bees selectively use native and exotic species to maintain nutritional intake across highly variable and invaded local floral resource pools

Author(s): Harmon-Threatt, AN; Kremen, C | Abstract: 1. Changes to plant community composition after invasion are well documented but how these shifts directly affect higher trophic levels is still poorly understood. One potentially important factor is the change in nutritional availability after an invasion. Shifts in nutrient availability could affect the nutrient intake of organisms that live in invaded habitats, causing reduced fecundity and survival. 2. The effects of the interaction among nutrient availability, selection, and diet on nutrient intake of a native bumble bee were examined. No nutritional differences were found between exotic and native pollen or collected and non-collected pollen in protein or amino acid content, suggesting that differences in nutrient intake from random are based on selection. 3. Nutrient intake was simulated when pollen was selected randomly across all available plant species and when selection was restricted to native plants only or exotic plants only using a permutation model and compared with observed collection. The results suggest that pollen collection is non-random and that selecting only native or exotic plants cannot provide the protein or amino acid intake observed. 4. These results may help to explain why the responses of native bees to exotic plants are so variable. If the exotic plants in a community can supply the necessary nutrients, bees may readily incorporate them into their diets, but if not, exotic plants may be avoided.
Effect of obesity and starvation on thyroid hormone, growth hormone, and cortisol secretion

Obesity and starvation have opposing affects on normal physiology and are associated with adaptive changes in hormone secretion. The effects of obesity and starvation on thyroid hormone, GH, and cortisol secretion are summarized in Table 1. Although hypothyroidism is associated with some weight gain, surveys of obese individuals show that less than 10% are hypothyroid. Discrepancies have been reported in some studies, but in untreated obesity, total and free T4, total and free T3, TSH levels, and the TSH response to TRH are normal. Some reports suggest an increase in total T3 and decrease in rT3 induced by overfeeding. Treatment of obesity with hypocaloric diets causes changes in thyroid function that resemble sick euthyroid syndrome. Changes consist of a decrease in total T4 and total and free T3 with a corresponding increase in rT3. untreated obesity is also associated with low GH levels; however, levels of IGF-1 are normal. GH-binding protein levels are increased and the GH response to GHRH is decreased. These changes are reversed by drastic weight reduction. Cortisol levels are abnormal in people with abdominal obesity who exhibit an increase in urinary free cortisol but exhibit normal or decreased serum cortisol and normal ACTH levels. These changes are explained by an increase in cortisol clearance. There is also an increased response to CRH. Treatment of obesity with very low calorie diets causes a decrease in serum cortisol explained by a decrease in cortisol-binding proteins. The increase in cortisol secretion seen in patients with abdominal obesity may contribute to the metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension). States of chronic starvation such as seen in anorexia nervosa are also associated with changes in thyroid hormone, GH, and cortisol secretion. There is a decrease in total and free T4 and T3, and an increase in rT3 similar to findings in sick euthyroid syndrome. The TSH response to TRH is diminished and, in severe cases, thyroid-binding protein levels are decreased. In regards to GH, there is an increase in GH secretion with a decrease in IGF-1 levels. GH responses to GHRH are increased. The [table: see text] changes in cortisol secretion in patients with anorexia nervosa resemble depression. They present with increased urinary free cortisol and serum cortisol levels but without changes in ACTH levels. In contrast to the findings observed in obesity, the ACTH response to CRH is suppressed, suggesting an increased secretion of CRH. The endocrine changes observed in obesity and starvation may complicate the diagnosis of primary endocrine diseases. The increase in cortisol secretion in obesity needs to be distinguished from Cushing's syndrome, the decrease in thyroid hormone levels in anorexia nervosa needs to be distinguished from secondary hypothyroidism, and the increase in cortisol secretion observed in anorexia nervosa requires a differential diagnosis with primary depressive disorder.
Advertising, Information, and Product Quality: The Case of Butter

This study examines the roles of cholesterol information and advertising in explaining consumption trends for fats and oils, focusing on butter. Results suggest increased consumer awareness of the health effects of blood cholesterol has contributed to the secular decline in butter consumption in Canada. Although consumers' responses to negative information appear to outweigh their responses to positive information, the industry advertising campaign launched in 1978 by the Dairy Bureau of Canada has had a positive effect on butter demand.
Line cutter for use when releasing large marine organisms caught on longline gear

Abstract Releasing large marine organisms captured on longline gear can often be difficult due to problems associated with the use of conventional line cutters. For example, struggling animals can remain below the water’s surface for extended periods, thus providing limited access to the end of the leader nearest the hook. We describe a new line cutter design that outperforms conventional designs. The line cutter described herein can be deployed by a single individual and severs leader material in close proximity to the location of hooks while negating the need to bring the captured organism to the surface. The use of the line cutter reduces stress and potential injury to captured animals, is easily and inexpensively constructed, and has applications beyond its intended use, such as freeing lines snagged or entangled under vessels.
High-Dimensional Chaos Control Algorithms for Improved Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Using a Bistable Structure

Linear cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvesters typically rely on excitation around a resonance frequency for peak operation. Compounding the problem, typical ambient environments either vary dynamically in time or possess energy distributed across a wide spectrum of frequencies. Nonlinear broadband techniques have been implemented with success, but rely on chance that steady-state high energy orbits result as opposed to the low energy or chaotic trajectories that coexist in the basin of attraction. This work aims to implement two high dimensional chaotic controllers for large period orbits located within the chaotic attractor. The first control law is defined using traditional OGY, while the second uses the principles of invariant manifolds and is therefore independent of the system Jacobian. Comparison of the two control methods aims to show that invariant principles are less computationally intensive and result in equivalent stabilized orbits. Furthermore, the only necessary measurement for control design is a single time series representing a state of the system. This article compares two methods of chaos control and their ability to stabilize a large period orbit within the chaotic attractor for improved broadband piezoelectric energy harvesting.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Ligand Substitution Reactions of W6S8L6 with Tricyclohexylphosphine (L = 4-tert-Butylpyridine or n-Butylamine): 31P NMR and Structural Studies of W6S8(PCy3)n(4-tert-butylpyridine)6-n (0 < n ≤ 6) Complexes

The substitution reactions by bulky tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) ligands on W6S8L6 (L = 4-tert-butylpyridine or n-butylamine) clusters were investigated to prepare clusters with mixed axial ligands for low-dimensional cluster linking. When 4−6 equiv of PCy3 are used to react with W6S8(4-tert-butylpyridine)6 (4) in THF, cis-W6S8(PCy3)4(4-tert-butylpyridine)2 (1) is preferentially formed. But when starting with W6S8(n-butylamine)6 (2), only W6S8(PCy3)6 (3) is produced with 6 equiv of PCy3. Other conditions with fewer equivalents of PCy3 led to mixtures of partially substituted complexes in the W6S8L6-n(PCy3)n (0 ≤ n ≤ 6, L = 4-tert-butylpyridine or n-butylamine) series. A significantly distorted structure for 1 helps to explain its preferential formation. 1H NMR spectra were collected for clusters 1 and 2 and 31P NMR spectra for 1 and W6S8(4-tert-butylpyridine)6-n(PCy3)n complexes. P−P coupling through P−W−W−P is reported for the first time in octahedral metal clusters and shown to be very useful in identi...
CRT-600.08 Carotid Bifurcation Plaque Motion Analysis: A New Approach

Atherosclerotic carotid bifurcation plaque rupture is a major cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks. It has been proposed that mechanical forces contribute to the ultimate phenomenon of plaque rupture or ulceration. These mechanical forces are produced by blood pressure
Is There a Hohokam-Pima Culture Continuum?

This question, which was answered affirmatively as early as 1716 by the missionary Velarde and more recently by some archaeologists, is reviewed in terms of trend and tradition through the archaeological and ethnographic sequence, ceramic, architectural, and other comparisons, the acculturational history of Pimas and Yumans, the broader context of the postcontact period, and the complete lack of archaeological evidence for the prehistoric Pima. The concept of a Hohokam-Pima continuum is accepted, although aboriginal Pima culture is seen as a product of multiple cultural influences.
Sound Production in Cyphoderris monstrosa (Orthoptera: Prophalangopsidae)

Cyphoderris monstrosa Uhler, one of only 2 species of Prophalangopsidae in the United States, produces intense short trills at about 13 kilohertz at 25°C. Pulse rate averages 71.4 per second and trill duration ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 second. Males switch wings regularly while calling, a phenomenon not typical in Gryllidae and Tettigoniidae.
Radial limit zero sets of holomorphic functions on the ball

We extend to higher dimensions a theorem of Lusin and Privalov concerning radial limit zero sets of holomorphic functions on the unit disc, and we show that, in contrast to the case in dimension one, the converse fails for holomorphic functions on the unit ball in . Finally, we show that in higher dimensions any characterization of the radial limit zero sets of holomorphic functions on the ball must take into account the ‘complex structure’ on the sphere.
ANALYSIS EFFECT FACTOR OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR POROUS MATERIALS

Thermal conductivity of porous materials is an important parameter,there are a number of factors affecting the thermal conductivity of porous materials,and different materials have different thermal conductivity in the porous material.After the composition fixed,the thermal-conductivity mainly with the temperature,bulk density and moisture content changes,one of its greatest impacts is the moisture content.
Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. A rational approach based upon clinical experience and laboratory investigation.

Carcinoma of the colon and rectum remains notorious as the single largest cancer killer affecting both men and women. To aid in the understanding of this disease and to effect a meaningful treatment regimen for patients with colorectal carcinoma, a review of the clinical experience and laboratory progress to date is presented.
Mapping gold nanoparticles on and in edible leaves in situ using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

The increased prevalence of engineered nanomaterials (ENPs) in the environment and their potential toxicity require study on whether those engineered nanomaterials could possibly contaminate agricultural food and products. However, many techniques require invasive and complicated sample preparation procedures to detect and characterize engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices. Here, we present a non-destructive and label-free approach based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) mapping technique to qualitatively detect and characterize gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), on and in spinach leaves in situ. We were able to detect the clearly enhanced signals from Au NPs at 15 to 125 nm on and in spinach leaves. Peak characterizations revealed the aggregation status of Au NPs and their interactions with plant biomolecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids. This developed approach will open a new analytical platform for various researches on studying ENPs' adhesion and accumulation.
Characterization and Substrate Specificities of Various Mouse Kallikreins

Kallikrein gene family in mouse consists of 25 gene members.Only few members of this family have been characterized.These include epidermal growth factor binding proteins A, -B, -C, γ-renin, α- and γ- nerve growth factors (α- and γ-NGF’s) and prorenin converting enzyme.These proteins show specificity towards various growth factors and enzymes.We have carried out the characterization of mK11, a product of clone mKlk-11. This protein was present at higher levels in the mice genetically selected for high blood pressure.However, the protein was not detected in the mice selected for low blood pressure. The substrate specificity of this protein was tested on tetradecapeptide (TDP, a renin substrate) and β-lactoglobulin (β-lg). The protein shows specificity toward Tyr-Ile (4–5) bond in TDP and Tyr-Ser (20–21) and Arg-Val (40–41) bonds in β-lg. Another member of the kallikrein family, γ-NGF was found to cleave the Phe-His (8–9) bond in TDP.The cleavage specificity of these proteins raises the possibility of the involvement of these proteins in the processing of angiotensin-II (AT-II). Furthermore, these proteins may play a role in the regulation of local blood pressure/flow. The characterization of these kallikrein family members and determination of their substrate specificities is presented.
ROBERTS, John R.George Herbert: An Annotated Bibliography of Modern Criticism. Revised Edition, 1905-1984: Columbia: Univ. of Missouri Press, 1988. xix, 433 pp. $39.00

(1990). ROBERTS, John R. George Herbert: An Annotated Bibliography of Modern Criticism. Revised Edition, 1905-1984. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 131-133.
Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial

In this tutorial, we discuss the motivations for doing two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and describe the commonly used implementations of the method. We review important guiding principles for method development, discuss the state of the art in 2D-LC performance as measured by peak capacity, and describe example applications from different fields that we hope will inspire new users to adopt 2D-LC for their analytical problems.
Role of Metalloendoprotease in the Fusion of Biological Membranes

Membrane fusion is required for many important cellular functions. Fertilization of the sperm with the egg requires cell-cell fusion followed by the fusion of the two nuclei. During the development of the embryo, muscle precursor cells—myoblasts—fuse to form multinucleated myotubes that differentiate into mature myofibrils. In the mature organism, membrane fusion is required for cell-cell communication, as well as for the proper assembly and insertion of membrane-bound or secreted proteins. Cell-cell communication between neurons at the synapse requires the precisely directed fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane, releasing neurotransmitter into the synaptic space. Longdistance communication, mediated by hormones, similarly requires exocytotic release by secretory vesicle fusion. Within an individual cell, organelle fusion permits the directed shuttling of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then to the plasma membrane. All these membrane fusions must be regulated. These fusion events are initiated by specific stimuli, or by developmentally regulated signals. Fusion is also specific for both the site and type of membrane. For example, secretory vesicles fuse with plasma membrane, and not with endoplasmic reticulum membrane; myoblasts fuse with other myoblasts and not with fibroblasts.
Use of Wind Fetch and Shoreline Relief to Predict Nearshore Substrate Composition in a North Temperate Lake

AbstractSpawning habitat assessments often focus on substrate composition, but few studies have predicted shoal substrates by using environmental factors. We developed a model for predicting shoal substrates in Belle Lake, Minnesota, using wind fetch and shoreline relief characteristics. Percent composition of four substrate classes (silt, sand, gravel, and rock), water depth estimated at 1 m from shore (shoal slope), effective wind fetch measured using a GIS model, and riparian bank height derived from LIDAR imaging were determined at 50 transects. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis grouped substrates into categories, and general additive modeling described the effects of three predictor variables on the percent composition of substrate classes. The CART analysis correctly grouped 39 of 50 transects into four categories, and misclassifications primarily resulted from the movement of sand. Effective fetch most influenced silt (low fetch) and rock (high fetch) substrate classes, shoal slope...
Near wall motion of undulatory swimmers in non-Newtonian fluids

We investigate the near-wall motion of an undulatory swimmer in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids using a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation. Our results show that the undulatory swi...
[PSI+] prion propagation is controlled by inositol polyphosphates

The yeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3] are folded in-register parallel β-sheet amyloids of Sup35p and Ure2p, respectively. In a screen for antiprion systems curing [PSI+] without protein overproduction, we detected Siw14p as an antiprion element. An array of genetic tests confirmed that many variants of [PSI+] arising in the absence of Siw14p are cured by restoring normal levels of the protein. Siw14p is a pyrophosphatase specifically cleaving the β phosphate from 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5PP-IP5), suggesting that increased levels of this or some other inositol polyphosphate favors [PSI+] propagation. In support of this notion, we found that nearly all variants of [PSI+] isolated in a WT strain were lost upon loss of ARG82, which encodes inositol polyphosphate multikinase. Inactivation of the Arg82p kinase by D131A and K133A mutations (preserving Arg82p's nonkinase transcription regulation functions) resulted the loss of its ability to support [PSI+] propagation. The loss of [PSI+] in arg82Δ is independent of Hsp104's antiprion activity. [PSI+] variants requiring Arg82p could propagate in ipk1Δ (IP5 kinase), kcs1Δ (IP6 5-kinase), vip1Δ (IP6 1-kinase), ddp1Δ (inositol pyrophosphatase), or kcs1Δ vip1Δ mutants but not in ipk1Δ kcs1Δ or ddp1Δ kcs1Δ double mutants. Thus, nearly all [PSI+] prion variants require inositol poly-/pyrophosphates for their propagation, and at least IP6 or 5PP-IP4 can support [PSI+] propagation.
Student Loan Debt in Bankruptcy: An Empirical Assessment

Education loan debt in the U.S. recently reached $1.2 trillion. Thirty-nine million Americans -- nearly 20% of U.S. households -- owe student loans, and student loans are by far the fastest growing component of non-housing consumer debt. For example, in fourth quarter 2013, U.S. households incurred $82 billion in debt (exclusive of housing debt), a 3.3% increase from the previous quarter. Of this amount, $53 billion (65%) was student loan debt. In contrast, auto loans and credit card debt accounted for only $29 billion. Student loan debt is also a rapidly increasing element in consumer bankruptcy. This study examines the growth of student loan debt, income, and other types of debt in consumer bankruptcy cases filed each year from 2005 to 2013. For this study, I obtained data from 500 randomly-selected cases per year (4500 cases in total). Among my findings, the percentage of debtors with student loan debt increased from 15.7% in 2005 to 22.3% in 2013, while the average student loan debt load for such debtors more than doubled from $15,350 to $32,096 during the same period. I also present regression analyses (coefficients of determination) for each year comparing student loan debt with total overall debt, and with monthly income. The analysis shows that debtors who have borrowed for education have similar levels of debt and income as other debtors. In other words, borrowing for education does not translate into higher income or greater affluence. Finally, I provide basic growth rates charts tracking annual percentage changes in total debt, income, and student loan debt. The charts show that the yearly growth rate of student loan debt consistently exceeds that of income and other types of debt. This suggests that the growth of student loan debt in the U.S. is on an unsustainable trajectory.
Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Cricoid Cartilage-Case Report.

Solitary plasmacytoma is an extremely rare form of hematologic malignancy that can be classified as solitary bone plasmacytoma or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Here we report a patient who presented with progressive shortness of breath and foreign body sensation in his throat. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) demonstrated an abnormal FDG-avid soft tissue mass arising from the larynx involving the cricoid cartilage without additional suspicious lesions. Histology revealed an abundance of plasma cells; immunohistochemistry was positive for CD138 expression and lambda chains, and negative for CD20. Comprehensive imaging studies and panendoscopy of the ENT tract confirmed solitary disease involvement. Following additional systemic work-up diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma was rendered. The patient underwent definitive radiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (total dose of 46 Gy, divided in 23 fractions of 200 cGy). Serial PET/CT showed the stepwise resolution of abnormal FDG uptake and resolution of the cricoid cartilage lesion. With 22 months of follow-up, the patient remains free of disease. We describe the rare case of solitary plasmacytoma presenting as a FDG-avid hypermetabolic soft tissue mass in the cricoid cartilage, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal tumors. Of note, solitary plasmacytoma is radiosensitive; favorable outcome can be expected once treated with doses of 40–50 Gy. FDG PET/CT is helpful in diagnosis and response assessment for this disease.
Toward a richer rhetoric of agency: shaping the identity category transgender in public discourse

This essay critically considers the rhetoric of agency—the attribution of varying levels of agency to a person or persons as a premise in an argument—focusing in particular on arguments for human r...
Modeling Tensile, Compressive, and Cyclic Response of Inconel 718 Using a Crystal Plasticity Model Incorporating the Effects of Precipitates

A comprehensive elasto-plastic polycrystal plasticity model is developed for Ni-based superalloys. To demonstrate the microstructure sensitive predictive characteristics, the model is applied to an Inconel 718 (IN718) superalloy that was produced by additive manufacturing (AM). The model with the same set of material and physical parameters is compared against a suite of compression, tension, and large strain cyclic mechanical test data applied in different AM build directions. The model embeds the contributions of solid solution, precipitates shearing, and grain size and shape effects into the initial slip resistance. The hardening law is based on the evolution of dislocation density. It is demonstrated that the model is capable of predicting the particularities of both monotonic and cyclic deformation to large strains of the alloy including decreasing hardening rate during monotonic loading, the non-linear unloading upon the load reversal, the Bauschinger effect, the hardening rate change during loading in the reverse direction as well as anisotropy and concomitant microstructure evolution. The microstructure constituents and behavior of IN718 under these conditions is similar to other Ni-based superalloys, and therefore, it is anticipated that the general model developed here can be applied to other superalloys fabricated using AM and other approaches. Additionally, the material is tested in fatigue and results are presented and discussed.
Engineering transgenes for use in the mammary gland.

Our original interest in the milk protein genes stems from studies of Yale Topper and his colleagues performed almost thirty years ago in which casein expression in mammary expiant cultures was employed as a model system for understanding how peptide and steroid hormones regulate milk protein gene expression (1). Once the milk protein cDNAs and genes were cloned in the early 80s (2–4), we were confronted with the question, “What is the appropriate biological model in which to study milk protein gene regulation?” Most of the available breast tumor cell lines, even those that retain hormone receptors, do not express the milk protein genes, and transfection studies with these cells are not particularly informative. Primary mammary epithelial and expiant cultures are also highly variable and difficult to transfect. Fortunately, the development of transgenic mice as a basic research tool provides an ideal model in which to study the hormonal and developmental regulation of milk protein gene expression. Transgenic mice are especially valuable for the analysis of complex systems such as mammary gland where no single cell line can mimic the complete spectrum of developmental, hormonal, cell-substratum, and epithelial-stromal interactions. In 1984 studies were begun to identify the cis-acting sequences required to elicit the appropriate tissue-specific and hormonal regulation of milk protein gene expression in transgenic mice (5). These studies focus on two rat milk protein genes encoding s-casein and the most abundant rodent whey protein, whey acidic protein (3,4).