cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatments for cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with athetoid cerebral palsy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of the patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with athetoid cerebral palsy. Methods The authors reviewed the clinical and neurodiagnostic findings, surgical managements and outcomes in six consecutive patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with athetoid cerebral palsy who had been treated with surgical decompression and fusion procedures between January 1999 and December 2005. The mean age of the 6 patients (four women and two men) at the time of surgery was 42.8 years (range, 31-55 years). The mean follow-up period was 56.5 months (range, 17-112 months). The neurological outcome was evaluated before and after operations (immediately, 6 months after and final follow-up) using grading systems of the walking ability, brachialgia and deltoid power. Results At immediate postoperative period, after 6 months, and at final follow-up, all patients showed apparent clinical improvements in walking ability, upper extremity pain and deltoid muscle strength. Late neurological deterioration was not seen during follow-up periods. There were no serious complications related to surgery. Conclusion Surgical decompression and stabilization in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with athetoid cerebral palsy have been challenging procedure up to now. Our results indicate that early diagnosis and appropriate surgical procedure can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and neurological function in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and athetoid cerebral palsy, even in those with severe involuntary movements.
More Nutritious Food Is Served in Child-Care Homes Receiving Higher Federal Food Subsidies

The US Department of Agriculture's Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) serves 2.3 million children by providing monetary subsidies for food to participating child-care providers. This cross-sectional study tested the hypothesis that higher reimbursement rates for food result in higher food expenditures and higher nutritional quality of foods served in family child-care homes participating in CACFP. Sixty family home child-care providers were recruited in 2008-2009 from King County, Washington. Half the sample received higher reimbursements and the other half received the lower rates. Participants provided a 5-day menu of meals/snacks served and food shopping receipts. The nutritional quality of foods served was assessed from portion-standardized menus. Nutritional quality was quantified as the mean adequacy (mean percent of dietary reference intake) for seven nutrients of concern for child health. Food expenditures were calculated by linking menus with receipts. Student's t tests for independent samples and general linear models were used to test for between-group differences. The two groups of providers were socioeconomically and demographically similar with comparable professional backgrounds. However, higher reimbursement providers had significantly greater menu expenditures than the lower reimbursement group ($2.36 vs $1.96/child/day; P=0.031). Reimbursement level was not associated with a difference in calories, but menus of higher reimbursement providers showed a significantly higher mean nutritional adequacy (64.5% vs 56.3%; P=0.033). The finding that reimbursement rates were positively associated with food expenditures and the nutritional quality of foods served suggests that raising CACFP reimbursements can improve child nutrition.
What Procedural Due Process Means To A School Psychologist: A Dialogue.

Abstract Courts and the Congress have recently extended to school children safeguards encompassed by procedural due process in cases involving disciplinary suspensions and special education placements. The meaning of due process and its implications for psychologists are illustrated in a hypothetical dialogue between a constitutional lawyer and a school psychologist.
Paclitaxel-based high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue for relapsed germ cell tumor: clinical outcome and quality of life in long-term survivors.

Abstract Background High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) is a viable and potentially curative approach for patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors (GCTs). However, no comparative data exist to define the optimal chemotherapeutic strategy, and little is known about the quality of life (QOL) of long-term survivors. Herein we attempt to characterize the QOL in long-term survivors who received high-dose paclitaxel, etoposide, carboplatin, and ifosfamide (TECTIC). Patients and Methods Details of the TECTIC regimen and clinical outcomes for the initial 33 patients have been reported. In the present study, we report the clinical data for 15 additional patients. Using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Taxane (FACT-T) questionnaires, we surveyed all patients who survived at least 4 years after HDCT. Results Forty-eight patients were enrolled and 46 patients received protocol therapy. For all 48 patients, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11.8 months (range, 5.8-not reached) and 21.7 months (range, 12.7-not reached), respectively. Seventeen patients were progression free at a median of 123.2 months (51.6-170.2 months), and 6 patients remain alive after progression with a median OS of 68.8 months (47.6-147.1 months). Of the 23 surviving patients, 18 were accessible and consented to telephone interviews. Compared with historical cohorts, survivors had a higher global health scale score (87.04 vs. 75.62; P = .02) but a lower physical functioning score (68.89 vs. 92.66; P = .0001) by the QLQ-C30 scale. Conclusions HDCT with the TECTIC regimen produces durable remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory GCTs with acceptable QOL in long-term survivors.
Satellite-Derived Tropical Cyclone Intensity in the North Pacific Ocean Using the Deviation-Angle Variance Technique

AbstractThe deviation-angle variance technique (DAV-T), which was introduced in the North Atlantic basin for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity estimation, is adapted for use in the North Pacific Ocean using the “best-track center” application of the DAV. The adaptations include changes in preprocessing for different data sources [Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-East (GOES-E) in the Atlantic, stitched GOES-E–Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-West (GOES-W) in the eastern North Pacific, and the Multifunctional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) in the western North Pacific], and retraining the algorithm parameters for different basins. Over the 2007–11 period, DAV-T intensity estimation in the western North Pacific results in a root-mean-square intensity error (RMSE, as measured by the maximum sustained surface winds) of 14.3 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) when compared to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center best track, utilizing all TCs to train and test the algorithm. The RMSE obtained when t...
Exercise-induced bronchospasm: symptoms are not enough.

Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) describes airway narrowing that occurs with exercise. Exercise is one of the most common triggers of bronchospasm in patients with chronic asthma and occurs in m...
Gout and Hyperuricemia—Serious Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality or Just Indicators of “The Good Life”—The Evidence to Date

Gout and hyperuricemia are associated with cardiovascular disease and its major risk factors and even more closely with chronic kidney disease. The preponderance of results from observational cohorts demonstrate that gout and hyperuricemia are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease that is independent of other factors, though that increase is of a smaller magnitude than that seen with traditional risk factors. In some studies, the relative increase in risk associated with elevated uric acid is more pronounced in women than in men. We have interpreted these results as a prompt to be more aggressive in screening our gout patients for modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and chronic kidney disease and reducing those risks as much as possible through lifestyle changes, modifications to diet, and medications. Many gout patients have indications for urate-lowering therapy related to their disease, so the dilemma of whether to initiate treatment is not present. There has not yet been sufficient demonstration in randomized controlled trials of benefit from urate-lowering therapies in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia with regard to cardiovascular or renal outcomes. However, there are intriguing preliminary results in several studies that may demonstrate a specific benefit of allopurinol or febuxostat in certain populations.
Whisker and Hillock formation on Sn, Sn–Cu and Sn–Pb electrodeposits

High purity bright Sn, Sn–Cu and Sn–Pb layers, 3, 7 and 16 lm thick were electrodeposited on phosphor bronze cantilever beams in a rotating disk apparatus. Beam deflection measurements within 15 min of plating proved that all electrodeposits had in-plane compressive stress. In several days, the surfaces of the Sn–Cu deposits, which have the highest compressive stress, develop 50 lm contorted hillocks and 200 lm whiskers, pure Sn deposits develop 20 lm compact conical hillocks, and Sn–Pb deposits, which have the lowest compressive stress, remain unchanged. The differences between the initial compressive stresses for each alloy and pure Sn is due to the rapid precipitation of Cu6Sn5 or Pb particles, respectively, within supersaturated Sn grains produced by electrodeposition. Over longer time, analysis of beam deflection measurements indicates that the compressive stress is augmented by the formation of Cu6Sn5 on the bronze/Sn interface, while creep of the electrodeposit tends to decrease the compressive stress. Uniform creep occurs for Sn–Pb because it has an equi-axed grain structure. Localized creep in the form of hillocks and whiskers occurs for Sn and Sn–Cu because both have columnar structures. Compact hillocks form for the Sn deposits because the columnar grain boundaries are mobile. Contorted hillocks and whiskers form for the Sn–Cu deposits because the columnar grain boundary motion is impeded. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
Indexicality and “Standard” Edited American English: Examining the Link Between Conceptions of Standardness and Perceived Authorial Identity

This article explores the indexicality (the ideological process that links language and identity) of “standard” edited American English and the ideologies (specifically, standard language ideology ...
LBP-based periocular recognition on challenging face datasets

This work develops a novel face-based matcher composed of a multi-resolution hierarchy of patch-based feature descriptors for periocular recognition - recognition based on the soft tissue surrounding the eye orbit. The novel patch-based framework for periocular recognition is compared against other feature descriptors and a commercial full-face recognition system against a set of four uniquely challenging face corpora. The framework, hierarchical three-patch local binary pattern, is compared against the three-patch local binary pattern and the uniform local binary pattern on the soft tissue area around the eye orbit. Each challenge set was chosen for its particular non-ideal face representations that may be summarized as matching against pose, illumination, expression, aging, and occlusions. The MORPH corpora consists of two mug shot datasets labeled Album 1 and Album 2. The Album 1 corpus is the more challenging of the two due to its incorporation of print photographs (legacy) captured with a variety of cameras from the late 1960s to 1990s. The second challenge dataset is the FRGC still image set. Corpus three, Georgia Tech face database, is a small corpus but one that contains faces under pose, illumination, expression, and eye region occlusions. The final challenge dataset chosen is the Notre Dame Twins database, which is comprised of 100 sets of identical twins and 1 set of triplets. The proposed framework reports top periocular performance against each dataset, as measured by rank-1 accuracy: (1) MORPH Album 1, 33.2%; (2) FRGC, 97.51%; (3) Georgia Tech, 92.4%; and (4) Notre Dame Twins, 98.03%. Furthermore, this work shows that the proposed periocular matcher (using only a small section of the face, about the eyes) compares favorably to a commercial full-face matcher.
The Effect of Anesthesia and Age on Respiration Following Bilateral, Cervical Vagotomy in the Fowl

Abstract INTRODUCTION A SURVEY of the literature on the effects of bilateral, cervical vagotomy on respiration of Aves and Mammalia indicates a striking change through time in the type of experimental results reported. All of the very early experimentation (before 1830, see Legallois, 1830) on both phylogenetic classes indicated that the rate of respiration was profoundly slowed and was generally accompanied by a greatly increased tidal volume. Thus, Blainville (1808) and Boddaert (1862) reported that the effects of vagotomy on respiration were similar in rabbits, dogs, pigeons and chickens. Legallois (1830), in an extensive literature review covering all earlier work dating back to the time of Rufus of Ephese, who lived in the first Century A.D., concluded that respiration was profoundly depressed by the operation. Towards the end of the 19th century, physiologists (notably Traube, 1871, quoted by Reichsman, 1946) who were primarily interested in the study of the occurrence of…
Learning Linked Lists: Experiments with the iList System

This paper presents the first experiments with an Intelligent Tutoring System in the domain of linked lists, a fundamental topic in Computer Science. The system has been deployed in an introductory college-level Computer Science class, and engendered significant learning gains. A constraint-based approach has been adopted in the design and implementation of the system. We describe the system architecture, its current functionalities, and the future directions of its development.
Mechanisms for bounding vulnerabilities of processor structures

Concern for the increasing susceptibility of processor structures to transient errors has led to several recent research efforts that propose architectural techniques to enhance reliability. However, real systems are typically required to satisfy hard reliability budgets, and barring expensive full-redundancy approaches, none of the proposed solutions treat any reliability budgets or bounds as hard constraints. Meeting vulnerability bounds requires monitoring vulnerabilities of processor structures and taking appropriate actions whenever these bounds are violated. This mandates treating reliability as a first-order microarchitecture design constraint, while optimizing performance as long as reliability requirements are satisfied. This paper makes three key contributions towards this goal: (i) we present a simple infrastructure to monitor and provide upper bounds on the vulnerabilities of key processor structures at cycle-level fidelity; (ii) we propose two distinct control mechanisms - throttling and selective redundancy - to proactively and/or reactively bound the vulnerabilities to any limit specified by the system designer; (iii) within this framework, we propose a novel adaptation of Out-of-Order Commit for vulnerability reduction, which automatically provides additional leverage for the control mechanisms to boost performance while remaining within the reliability budget.
OH CONCENTRATION PROFILES OVER ALUMINA, QUARTZ, AND PLATINUM SURFACES USING LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY IN LOW-PRESSURE HYDROGEN/OXYGEN FLAMES

ABSTRACT Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of OH radical concentration are performed in the post-flame gaseous region of a stoichiometric H2/O2 mixture combusting at 20 Torr. The measurements are taken near surfaces of three different materials [α-alumina (Al2O3), quartz (SiO2), and platinum (Pt) on alumina] at different surface temperatures (from ∼700 to 1100 K). A comparative analysis of some of the factors affecting OH recombination rate are provided as a function of material and temperature. Of the samples tested, Al2O3 is observed to be the least active whereas Pt on Al2O3 is the most active, with SiO2 at an intermediate level with respect to OH recombination rate on surfaces indicating a quantitative difference between the two relatively inert materials. The result of these differences in recombination rates is that the overall OH number density in the gaseous region within millimeters of the surface was observed to differ by over one order of magnitude between Pt and Al2O3 under nearly identi...
Performance characteristics of micro crystal element (MiCE) detectors

Two micro crystal element (MICE) detector unit designs are evaluated. The detector units are built using highly packed arrays of 0.8/spl times/0.8/spl times/6 mm mixed lutetium silicate (MLS) crystals. The first detector unit, MiCE1, consists of a 5/spl times/5 array of 0.8 mm/spl times/0.8 mm/spl times/6 mm MLS crystals. The detector unit is coupled to four channels of a Hamamatsu multichannel photomultiplier tube (PMT) via a 2/spl times/2 array of 2 mm/spl times/2 mm square optical fibers. The crystal of interaction is determined using simple Anger style logic. Light is shared within the crystal array to help facilitate decoding of the crystals. A full detector module will consist of a 4/spl times/4 array of detector units coupled to a 64-channel PMT. The second detector unit, MiCE2, consists of an array of 0.8 mm/spl times/0.8 mm/spl times/6 mm MLS crystals directly coupled to a 6+6 cross-anode PMT. The crystal of interaction is determined using simple Anger style logic. In both designs, individual crystals are well visualized. Simulations were performed to determine the imaging characteristics of a detector system consisting of MiCE1 detector modules (12.8-cm ring diameter). Results indicate that a detector system built with the authors' MiCE detectors will have an image resolution of less than 1 mm for the central 2 cm of the field of view.
Impact of Recombinant DNA Technology and Protein Structure Determination on Past and Future Studies on Acetylcholinesterase

It is a pleasure and challenge to open the scientific sessions of the 36th Oholo Conference. The pleasure comes from the opportunity to participate in a conference organized at a most opportune time in the development of the field of cholinesterases. Avigdor Shafferman, Baruch Velan and their colleagues who have served as local organizers have planned this conference with unwavering enthusiasm in what has been a politically difficult period for Israel. My challenge stems from attempting to assemble from a large body of investigations a perspective on past and future studies on the cholinesterases. Studies on cholinesterases have been propelled by advances in recombinant DNA technology, protein chemistry and crystallography over the past six years, and our field of endeavor now fully encompasses the span from gene to protein, both in terms of structure and function. The work of Joel Sussman, Israel Silman and their colleagues has provided us with structural resolution of the catalytic subunits of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) extending to 2.8A resolution (Sussman et al., 1991). This development now enables us to relate aspects of catalytic function and inhibitor binding to structural domains and to particular amino acid residues. With structural resolution of the cholinesterases at an atomic level, virtual reality emerges within the field.
Should We Think Twice About Psychiatric Disease in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Psychiatric disease (PD) is common, and the effect on complications in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the medical and surgical postoperative complication profile in patients with PD, and we hypothesize that they will be significantly increased compared with control group. Methods A search of the entire Medicare database from 2005 to 2011 was performed using International Classification of Disease version 9 codes to identify 86,976 patients who underwent primary THA with PD including bipolar (5626), depression (82,557), and schizophrenia (3776). A cohort of 590,689 served as a control with minimum 2-year follow-up. Medical and surgical complications at 30-day, 90-day, and overall time points were compared between the 2 cohorts. Results Patients with PD were more likely to be younger (age P P P P P P P P Conclusion Patients with PD who undergo elective primary THA have significantly increased medical and surgical complication rates in the global period and short-term follow-up, and these patients need to be counseled accordingly.
Identification of an IL-6 response element in the human LCAT promoter

LCAT is a key enzyme of reverse cholesterol transport that is essential to maintain HDL-mediated lipid transport and cholesterol homeostasis. Alterations in LCAT expression have a profound effect on plasma HDL choles- terol concentrations. Previously LCAT mRNA and activity were shown to be regulated by several inflammatory cytok- ines, including the pleiotrophic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). A series of full-length and sequential deletion LCAT pro- moter constructs were used to determine whether inflam- matory stimuli affect LCAT transcription and to further identify functional, cytokine-responsive promoter regions that mediate this response. Using transfected HepG2 cells, results indicate that treatment with IL-6 induced a 2.5-fold activation of full-length LCAT promoter activity. A minimal ( � 1514 bp to � 1508 bp) IL-6 response element with high sequence homology to the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family member, STAT3, was mapped within the distal promoter and shown to be sufficient to me- diate the IL-6 response. Further, overexpression of STAT3 significantly enhanced the effect of IL-6 on LCAT promoter activity. These data suggest that the IL-6 responsive tran- scription factor, STAT3, contributes to LCAT transcrip- tional regulation. The elucidation of distinct biochemical signaling pathways associated with inflammation may pro- vide new insight into transcriptional regulation of genes in- volved in lipid metabolism. —Feister, H. A., B. J. Auerbach, L. A. Cole, B. R. Krause, and S. K. Karathanasis. Identifica- tion of an IL-6 response element in the human LCAT pro- moter. J. Lipid Res. 2002. 43: 960-970.
Different Doses of Budesonide Suspension Inhalation for Children with Acute Asthma Attack

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of inhaling different doses of budesonide suspension inhalation on acute attack of asthma in 6～14 year-old children.Methods We divided 80 cases of acute onset of bronchial asthma randomly into three groups:treatment groups 1 and 2 and control group.The control group took 2mg/kg of prednisone at a draught,and inhaled 1ml of salbutamol sulphate solution three times at an interval of 20 minutes.Based on the treatment of the control group,the group 1 inhaled 0.5 mg of budesonide suspension,and the group 2 inhaled 1mg of budesonide suspension each time.The clinical symptoms and signs of total score and the percentage of total estimated value of peak flow were evaluated in the three groups before treatment and 60 minutes after treatment.Results Compared with pre-treatment,the groups 1 and 2 and the control group were improved in the clinical symptoms and signs of total score and the percentage of total estimated value of peak flow 60 minutes after treatment(P0.05).The group 2 was lower in the clinical symptoms and signs of total score and higher in the percentage of total estimated value of peak flow than the group 1 and the control group,with a significant difference(P0.05).The group 1 was lower in the clinical symptoms and signs of total score and higher in the percentage of total estimated value of peak flow than the control group,with a significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion For the 6-14-year-old children with acute asthma attack,the further symptom relief may be significantly promoted and the curative effect improved by using the high-dose (1mg/times),high frequency (every 20 minute interval for consecutive 3 times) of budesonide suspension inhalation in the initial treatment in addition to traditional treatment.
Local Literature and Environmental History Research of Ming and Qing Dynasties——Based on the Inspection of the Jialing River Basin

Local records and local archives appeared in large numbers during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which greatly improved the"resolving power"of the elements of regional environmental history in this period. Taking the environmental history of the Jialing River basin as an example,the records of prefectures,administrative divisions,counties and governmental departments in Sichuan compiled during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the well preserved Nanbu Archives and Ba County Archives keep the environmental history information that is very precious and seldom used,such as climate change,distribution and changes of wild plants and animals. The local literature records also show that three abnormal cold stages emerged in the Jialing River basin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the local literature,we can clarify forest distribution and kinds of forest trees in the Jialing River basin.
A New Totally Enclosed Drop-out Fuse

On the basis of analysis on insufficiency of conventional outdoors drop-out fuses,this paper points out necessity to develop new fuses.Therefore,it describes a new kind of totally enclosed drop-out fuse and introduces its structure,characteristic and function.It proposes to change conventional outdoors drop-out fuses if conditions permit in order to reduce trip out rate of lines and workload of maintenance personnel.
Catch a Fad or Capture a Value?: Social Media Leverage in SMEs

While Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs often face the constraints of financial and IT resources, the emergent social media could be a cost effective tool for SMEs to leverage for their competitive advantages. Yet, it remains unclear on whether and how SMEs are able to reap both tangible and intangible benefits by adopting and using social media. This study seeks to look into these questions by empirically examining the adoption and use of Facebook in SMEs. The authors' findings suggest that the adopting SMEs begin to see the positive effect on their sales revenue growth after a couple of years of persistent use and engaging activities. Also, the interactions measured by posting activities from both a firm and its customers have predictive effects on the building of an engaging online community in terms of size. These offer important implications for formulating and implementing effective social media strategies in SMEs.
‘There’s No Such Thing as a Free Lunch’: Reciprocity in Mycenaean Political Economies

Reciprocity has seen much less attention by Aegean archaeologists than other economic concepts such as redistribution, largely because of an assumption that reciprocity is characteristic of ‘egalitarian’ or less developed societies, as well as a related interest in political economies of more complex (palatial) societies, which are assumed to be characterized by redistribution. In Aegean archaeology, consideration of reciprocity is usually limited to gift exchange, either royal in the context of Late Bronze Age interactions with other societies in the eastern Mediterranean, or among elites in a Homeric model. Yet reciprocity has great potential to help us understand better the political economies and social organization of the Late Bronze Age Aegean. Reciprocity encompasses the social dynamics of any exchange between individuals and how these social relationships form the structure of social organization. Of particular interest here is how the standard categories of reciprocity—that is generalized (gift exchange), balanced (trade or immediate discharge of debt), and negative (one-sided benefit)—are manipulated through strategies such as competitive generosity and asymmetrical exchanges, leading to indebtedness of one exchange partner to the other; this can be institutionalized into hierarchical social structures. Feasting is one important category of exchange that can result in asymmetrical relationships and social inequality, and the Mycenaean evidence allows us to examine feasting in detail. Recent work in Linear B texts has suggested that palatial elites manipulated reciprocity through feasting as a strategy for maintaining social and political power. Likewise, elites utilized gifts of prestige items within their own polities to forge alliances and maintain social power
The ‘hidden injuries’ of school desegregation: Cultural trauma and transforming African American identities

The 1954 Supreme Court ruling against the applicability of the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine in the public school system in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka augured the dawning of the Civil Rights Movement in twentieth century America. This decision sparked a major transformation in the nation’s educational system – school desegregation – a process that in some cases took decades to come to fruition. Much has been written about the social and economic outcomes that have resulted from this landmark decision, but research on the psychosocial consequences of school desegregation on the generation of African Americans who experienced this process is sparse. Employing a cultural trauma theoretical framework, this study takes up the latter issue by analyzing the ways in which the dislocation of the ‘colored school’ system affected the social structures of the African American community and the collective identity of the children of integration. I analyzes this phenomenon in a local context by using oral history interview data collected on a cohort of African Americans who matriculated through the ‘colored school’ system in Harlan County, Kentucky. The school systems in these communities desegregated between 1960 and 1963, and share similar cultural, regional and political contexts. The primary questions guiding this research are (i) How did this generation of African Americans understand their racialized subjectivity prior to school desegregation? (ii) What was the localized experience with school desegregation for this cohort of African Americans? and (iii) What impact did school desegregation have on the collective identity of the children who experienced integration?
Performing a new old left: My Barbarian’s The Mother

My Barbarian performed their contribution to the 2014 Whitney Biennial, The Mother, adapted from a play by Brecht (adapted from a novel by Gorky), in a gallery-turned-theater just off of the first-...
Medical Evaluations Then and Now

The role of medicine for children suspected of having been sexually abused has advanced significantly since the 1980s. Newer tests such as DNA and nucleic acid amplification have added to the detection of perpetrators and disease, respectively. Non-acute examination physical findings are seen in only 5% to 10% of instances. Physical findings regarding the hymen and anus have been found to often be normal variants-findings that some used to regard as signs of sexual abuse. Newer considerations for clinicians include Internet child pornography, human trafficking, and use of video/photographic recording. New technologies such as high definition digital photography and telemedicine help to document abuse in a much improved way than existed several decades ago. Nevertheless, the basic approach of careful history-taking remains a bedrock for the diagnosis of child sexual abuse.
Transient carrier density and light output measurements of pulsed diode lasers

Short light pulses from diode lasers have been created via injection of short current pulses and by microwave modulation. While the light output1 and gain2 of diode lasers have been measured under such transient conditions, they have never been measured together to give a more complete picture of the dynamics of a diode laser. We report here on measurements of both the carrier density and light output of pulsed GaAlAs diode lasers.
Bleeding Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemorrhagic Complications in the Intensive Care Unit

Bleeding is a common problem encountered in the intensive care unit. The differential diagnosis for bleeding in critically ill patients is extensive and intensivists must quickly identify the underlying etiology to provide the most effective therapy. The majority of bleeding disorders seen in the intensive care unit are acquired due to a variety of underlying circumstances, while inherited disorders of hemostasis, are less commonly encountered, but associated with high morbidity when unrecognized. The two most common inherited bleeding disorders likely to be encountered in the intensive care unit setting are von Willebrand disease and hemophilia. Acquired bleeding disorders may result from a whole host of underlying pathologies, and can be broadly defined into two categories, coagulopathies and platelet disorders. Common coagulopathies encountered in the intensive care unit result from anticoagulant use but also include disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver disease, and trauma. Platelet disorders are quantitative (i.e., thrombocytopenia), or qualitative (i.e., platelet dysfunction), and routinely occur in critically ill patients with a myriad of etiologies. The fundamentals necessary for the prompt recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of these commonly encountered bleeding disorders in the intensive care unit are discussed in the ensuing chapter.
The New Animal Rights

The Supreme Court has yet to define the outer boundary of Congresses’ authority to extend property rights to non-humans. In fact, the Court has repeatedly found that the Property Clause affords Congress nearly unfettered power to grant land and property rights to animals on public lands. Yet, because property is universally assumed to be exclusively human, no research to date has examined the legal and scientific rationale for extending property rights to animals. This Article fills this gap by linking the previously distinct fields of animal behavior and property law. Biological studies indicate that animals acquire, exclude, defend, and transfer territories. Indeed, species ranging from ants to orcas, prairie dogs to lions, exhibit behavior that forms the core doctrines of human ownership of property, distinguishable only with respect to alienation and recordation. Moreover, government and private actors alike have already created a vast network of functional property rights for animals.Building upon these observations, this Article presents a thought experiment of formalizing and extending customary property rights to non-human animals. Although implementation challenges may render a rights revolution ultimately impracticable, the exercise highlights the limitations of the current human rights approach to animal welfare. The human rights approach is compelling with regard to primates, but excludes many creatures. Moreover, it overlooks the connection between wildlife and habitat, which a property right approach more directly addresses. Considering the biological underpinnings of property also suggests the opportunity to revisit and reconceptualize the field of property. The animalistic nature of systems of property forces a fresh look into the relationship between property and fields to which it is frequently linked, such as government and morality. More concretely, the concept of animal property rights should encourage animal welfare advocates to consider pressing Congress to consider whether more expansive grants of public property to animals might advance objectives reflective of the desires of the American public.
Abstract OT2-01-14: Triple-negative first-line study: Neoadjuvant trial of nab-paclitaxel and atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (NCT02530489)

BACKGROUND: TNBC has an especially poor prognosis in patients (pts) whose tumor does not respond to anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy. Approximately 50% will have chemo-insensitive disease (CID) resulting in extensive residual disease at the time of surgery. 40-80% of these pts will recur PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR)/RCB-0 + residual cancer burden (RCB)-I responses in TNBC pts, determined to have CID after anthracycline-based chemotherapy, then treat with atezolizumab + nab-paclitaxel preoperatively. TRIAL DESIGN AND STATISITCAL METHODS: Pts deemed to have CID on the ARTEMIS trial can enter this non-randomized phase II study. Pts without response to their initial chemotherapy cycles have a low likelihood (5%) of achieving pCR with additional cycles of chemotherapy. It would be clinically meaningful for pCR to improve to 20%. Counting pCR (RCB-0) or RCB-I as response given similar survival outcomes, a two-stage Gehan-type design will be employed with 14 pts in the first stage. If at least one pt responds, 23 more will be added. This design has a 49% chance of terminating after the first stage if the true response rate is 0.05, 23% chance if the true rate is 0.10, 10% if the true rate is 0.15 and 4% if the true rate is 0.20. If accrual continues to the second stage, the 95% confidence interval for a 0.20 response rate will extend from 0.10 to 0.35. BRIEF ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:Inclusion: localized TNBC enrolled onto ARTEMIS and determined to have CID at the time of response assessment after anthracycline chemotherapy, adequate organ, bone marrow and cardiac parameters. Exclusion: prior immunotherapy, IBC, history of autoimmune disease, HIV, Hep-B, Hep-C, active tuberculosis, pregnant. CORRELATIVE SCIENCE: Evaluate the presence and phenotype of TIL and other immune cell populations in tumor tissue pre/post treatment; determine changes in expression of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules on tumor cells and immune cells in the microenvironment; evaluate the immune repertoire and cytokine responses in serially collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum respectively. Citation Format: Litton JK, Moulder S, Helgason T, Clayborn AR, Rauch GM, Gilcrease M, Adrada BE, Huo L, Hess KR, Symmans WF, Thompson A, Tripathy D, Mittendorf EA. Triple-negative first-line study: Neoadjuvant trial of nab-paclitaxel and atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (NCT02530489) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-01-14.
Revision of the genusOxylobus (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae)

A revisionary treatment ofOxylobus is rendered. Four species are recognized. All are confined to the mountainous regions of southern Mexico and Central America, except forO. glanduliferus which has disjunct populations in the highlands of north-central South America. Descriptions, illustrations, dot-maps and a key to species are presented.
A Potential Technological Solution for Reducing the Achievement Gap Between White And Black Students

Disparities in achievement measures that exist between black and white students, commonly referred to as the ‘black-white achievement gap’, are widely discussed in educational literature (Lubienski, 2008). In fact, even before the advent of modern standardized tests, there was an extended analysis of performance gaps on tests between black and white students (e.g. Crowley, 1932; Bali and Alvarez, 2004; Ferguson, 2002; Harris and Herrington, 2006). Much has been written about performance disparities among blacks, whites, and other ethnic minority groups on the mathematical section of standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT).
Advice for Drafting a New NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement

The article contains language and layout comments and criticisms of the current NFL collective bargaining agreement. The drafters did a few things well, and the article praises them. But there is much to improve: the language and drafting conventions are outdated and second-best in several areas. The agreement contains inconsistencies, archaic language, usage mistakes, punctuation glitches, and unnecessary words. For each concern raised, the article offers a suggestion for improvement. The Exhibits contain three before-and-after examples of rewritten provisions.
Shrub Willow Biomass Production Ranking Across Three Harvests in New York and Minnesota

Shrub willow has potential for being a viable dedicated bioenergy crop in temperate northern latitudes of the USA. Selection of high-producing willow cultivars is critical for economic viability and long-term sustainability of willow production systems. Long-term trials are needed in different geographic areas to better understand genetic by environment interactions on biomass yield for greater profitability and to enhance future breeding efforts. Field trials were conducted in two contrasting environments, northern New York and southern Minnesota, to explore changes in shrub willow yield ranking over three harvest cycles across a range of cultivars and diversity groups. Overall, the MN site produced higher, more stable biomass yields than the NY site due primarily to more productive soils, warmer climate, and less weed pressure. However, between-site differences in willow biomass yield were nominal after the second harvest cycle. Yield variability among the top five willow cultivars at each harvest was significantly less than variability among all cultivars regardless of site. Shrub willow cultivars identified in the top-ranking groups were different between sites. Results show that willow can be a viable long-term crop for sustained biomass feedstock production across a wide range of soils and climates but proper cultivar selection is critical for biological and economic success.
Defining Through Expansion: Conducting Asynchronous Remote Communities (ARC) Research with Stigmatized Groups

Researchers in HCI have typically relied on face to face (FtF) methods for recruitment and data collection in their research with people living with HIV, whereas social scientists have adopted computer-mediated approaches to address concerns about data validity and access to this stigmatized population. In this paper, we use the asynchronous remote community (ARC) research method to leverage HCI instruments in an online format. ARC successfully engaged people living with HIV in terms of participation and retention by providing a safe space to discuss their experiences. By expanding on past ARC studies, we contribute to an ongoing conversation about defining ARC and working towards increased data validity -- especially in stigmatized communities.
Pre-assembly testing of interconnects in embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB) dies

The embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB) is an advanced packaging technology for 2.5D integration. This paper presents a bridge test architecture based on the proposed IEEE Std. P1838. The proposed test method enables access to interconnects at a pre-assembly stage by pairing the interconnects using metal shorts and probing on coarse-pitch C4 bumps. It can efficiently detect resistive-open and resistive-short defects in the bridge interconnects and micro-bumps. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the range of defects that can be detected by the proposed method.
Relationships of Changes in Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Substrate Drugs in Drug-Drug Interactions on Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters

A general objective of drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies is to determine whether potential interactions of new molecular entities with concomitantly administered other drugs exist and, if DDIs occur, whether dosage adjustments are required. A typical end point for DDI evaluations is the ratio of area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of substrate drugs (AUCR), whereas the ratios of maximal plasma concentration (Cmax ) and terminal half-life (t1/2 ) are also important to understand DDI mechanisms (Cmax R and t1/2 R, respectively). Because changes in substrate AUC by precipitant drugs ultimately result from alterations of Cmax and t1/2 , AUCR can be considered a hybrid parameter of Cmax R and t1/2 R, for example, AUCR ≈ Cmax R × t1/2 R. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between AUCR, Cmax R, and t1/2 R in physiologically based pharmacokinetic model-predicted and clinically observed DDI results. First, the model-predicted results showed the excellent proportional relationship between AUCR and (Cmax R × t1/2 R) in DDI results of virtual substrates having a wide range of oral bioavailability with coadministration of ketoconazole, ritonavir, and rifampin. Second, the reasonable proportional relationships were also observed in the clinically observed DDI results of midazolam and statins (atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin) with various inhibitors and inducers. Finally, these results suggest that utilization of the proportional relationship between AUCR and (Cmax R × t1/2 R) can provide an additional framework to further interpret DDI results reasonably and clearly. Furthermore, the proportional relationship can be purposely used to assess study design and pharmacokinetic analyses in DDI studies.
Hard real-time scheduling for parallel run-time systems

High performance parallel computing demands careful synchronization, timing, performance isolation and control, as well as the avoidance of OS and other types of noise. The employment of soft real-time systems toward these ends has already shown considerable promise, particularly for distributed memory machines. As processor core counts grow rapidly, a natural question is whether similar promise extends to the node. To address this question, we present the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a hard real-time scheduler specifically for high performance parallel computing on shared memory nodes built on x64 processors, such as the Xeon Phi. Our scheduler is embedded in a kernel framework that is already specialized for high performance parallel run-times and applications, and that meets the basic requirements needed for a real-time OS (RTOS). The scheduler adds hard real-time threads both in their classic, individual form, and in a group form in which a group of parallel threads execute in near lock-step using only scalable, per-hardware-thread scheduling. On a current generation Intel Xeon Phi, the scheduler is able to handle timing constraints down to resolution of ∼13,000 cycles (∼10 μs), with synchronization to within ∼4,000 cycles (∼3 μs) among 255 parallel threads. The scheduler isolates a parallel group and is able to provide resource throttling with commensurate application performance. We also show that in some cases such fine-grain control over time allows us to eliminate barrier synchronization, leading to performance gains, particularly for fine-grain BSP workloads.
System Identification to Estimate the Nonlinear Modes of a Gong

Nonlinear Normal Modes (NNMs) have proven useful in a few recent works as a basis for comparing nonlinear models during model updating. In prior works the authors have used force appropriation to measure NNMs, but this is time consuming, generally requiring hand tuning of both the frequency in question and the strength of its harmonics. This paper explores the use of system identification, using a small set of broadband response data, to estimate a model from which the NNMs can be extracted. The Frequency Domain Restoring Force Surface (RFS) method will be used to perform identification, in which the nonlinearity of the system is assumed to be a polynomial function of the modal displacements, and a least squares problem is formed to solve for the nonlinear coefficients. Existing NNM calculation approaches can then be applied to the experimentally determined model in order to calculate the NNMs of the system. This approach is evaluated by applying it to full-field measurements from a traditional Gong, obtained using Stereo 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D–DIC). The results obtained using system identification are validated with measurements of the NNMs obtained using force appropriation and a scanning laser vibrometer.