cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Total testosterone in young men is more closely associated than free testosterone with prostate cancer disparities.

Introduction: Early adulthood has been suggested as the most relevant time to determine the influence of testosterone on prostate carcinogenesis. For a more detailed assessment of this hypothesis, the present study examined whether serum total or free testosterone in young men was more closely associated with prostate cancer disparities.Methods: A literature search was conducted for studies that reported both total and free testosterone levels for population samples of young men, along with prostate cancer incidences for the populations from which study populations were sampled. A previously developed analytical method was used to standardize the hormone levels of 19 population samples gathered from nine studies, and these standardized values were compared with disparities in prostate cancer incidence.Results: Population differences in total testosterone levels were significantly associated with prostate cancer disparities, r = 0.833, p = 0.001, as were population differences in free testosterone, r = 0.6...
THE EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM IN THE HOUSE FINCH. IV. POPULATION DIVERGENCE IN ONTOGENY

Differences among taxa in sexual size dimorphism of adults can be produced by changes in distinct developmental processes and thus may reflect different evolutionary histories. Here we examine whether divergence in sexual dimorphism of adults between recently established Montana and Alabama populations of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) can be attributed to population differences in growth of males and females. In both populations, males and females were similar at hatching, but as a result of sex-specific growth attained sexual size dimorphism by the time of independence. Timing and extent of growth varied between the sexes: Females maintained maximum rates of growth for a longer time than males, whereas males had higher initial growth rates and achieved maximum growth earlier and at smaller sizes than females. Ontogeny of sexual dimorphism differed between populations, but in each population, sexual dimorphism in growth parameters and sexual dimorphism at the time of nest leaving were similar to sexual dimorphism of adults. Variation in growth of females contributed more to population divergence than did growth of males. In each population, we found close correspondence between patterns of sexual dimorphism in growth and population divergence in morphology of adults: Traits that were the most sexually dimorphic in growth in each population contributed the most to population divergence in both sexes. We suggest that sex-specific expression of phenotypic and genetic variation throughout the ontogeny of house finches can result in different responses to selection between males and females of the same age, and thus produce fast population divergence in the sexual size dimorphism.
STATUS AND TRENDS IN MICROMINIATURIZATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses status and trends in microminiaturization. The Cordwood assembly approach was developed to the extent that approximately 100 components could be packed into one cubic inch. It was a specialized technique demanding a specialized method of assembly in which two printed circuit strips were fed into a jig and components inserted in between the strips. In the digital field gating, logic and bistable circuits that enable pulse speeds of up to 10 megacycles to be achieved have been announced, most of these circuits operating at quite low power levels, generally speaking in the few tens of milliwatts. Linear thin film integrated circuits with comparable performance to some of those mentioned in the semiconductor form have been described, but in the field of DC amplifiers performance is not as good. In airborne equipment, including missiles, space, and satellite applications, the microminiaturization aspects of integrated circuits certainly offer big dividends in terms of power, space, and weight.
Real-Time Detection of a Virus Using Detection Dogs.

Viral infections are ubiquitous in humans, animals, and plants. Real-time methods to identify viral infections are limited and do not exist for use in harsh or resource-constrained environments. Previous research identified that tissues produce unique volatile organic compounds (VOC) and demonstrated that VOC concentrations change during pathologic states including infection, neoplasia, or metabolic disease. Patterns of VOC expression may be pathogen-specific and may be associated with an odor that could be used for disease detection. We investigated the ability of two trained dogs to detect cell cultures infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and to discriminate BVDV-infected cell cultures from uninfected cell cultures and from cell cultures infected with bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV 1) and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV 3). Dogs were trained to recognize cell cultures infected with two different biotypes of BVDV propagated in MDBK cells using one of three culture media. For detection trials, one target and seven distractors were presented on a scent wheel by a dog handler unaware of the location of targets and distractors. Detection of BVDV- infected cell cultures by Dog 1 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.850 (95% CI: 0.701 - 0.942), which was lower than Dog 2 (0.967, 95% CI: 0.837 - 0.994). Both dogs exhibited very high diagnostic specificity (0.981, 95% CI: 0.960 - 0.993) and (0.993, 95% CI: 0.975 - 0.999), respectively. These findings demonstrate that trained dogs can differentiate between cultured cells infected with BVDV, BHV1, and BPIV3 and are a realistic real-time mobile pathogen sensing technology for viral pathogens. The ability to discriminate between target and distractor samples plausibly results from expression of unique VOC patterns virus-infected and uninfected cells.
GnRH antagonist inhibition of gonadotropin and steroid secretion in boars in vivo and steroid production in vitro.

The hormone GnRH has a stimulatory effect on gonadotropin synthesis and secretion. The objective of the first study was to evaluate concentrations of FSH and LH in plasma of boars after successive treatment with SB75, a GnRH antagonist. Thirteen boars greater than 1 yr of age (eight White Composite [WC] and five Meishan [MS]) were injected once daily with SB75 (10 microg/kg of body weight) for 4 d. Plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone (T) decreased after 1 h from the first dose of SB75. After 12 h of treatment, LH gradually returned to pretreatment concentrations, but T remained suppressed ( .50) or E1 (P > .26) released with all dosages of hCG. These results indicate that a GnRH antagonist has a direct effect on the testis, decreasing amounts of T and E1 released from the Leydig cells; however, treatment with a GnRH agonist had no direct effect on release of these gonadal steroids. Thus, it remains unresolved whether the site of action of GnRH antagonist on testicular steroidogenesis is through a testicular GnRH receptor or through some other mechanism.
Covariance Operator = Green’s Function = Resolvent Kernel = Euclidean Propagator = Fundamental Solution

The covariance operators C for the free field Gaussian measures of Chapter 6 are basic to a number of subjects. Their kernels C(x, y) are characterized as solutions of the Laplace equation $$\left( { - \Delta + m^2 } \right)C\left( {x,y} \right) = \delta \left( {x - y} \right).$$ (7.1.1)
Improved Protein Detection Using Cold Microwave Technology

Protein screening/detection is an essential tool in many laboratories. Owing to the relatively large time investments that are required by standard protocols, the development of methods with higher throughput while maintaining an at least comparable signal-to-noise ratio would be highly beneficial to many researchers. This chapter describes how cold microwave technology can be used to enhance the rate of molecular interactions and provides protocols for dot blots, western blots, and ELISA procedures permitting a completion of all incubation steps (blocking and antibody steps) within 45 min.
A Market Economy Manifesto for Bulgaria

Professor Hanke served as an adviser to Bulgarian President Petar Stoyanov, from 1997 to 2002. In 1997, Bulgaria adopted a Currency Board System, based on Professor Hanke's draft Currency Board Law, which he authored at the request of President Stoyanov. The Currency Board brought an end to Bulgaria's hyperinflation which peaked with a monthly inflation rate of 242%, in February 1997.This paper was original presented as the keynote address, delivered at the Investment Forum 2002, Sofia. In that 2002 keynote speech, Professor Hanke advocated a flat tax for Bulgaria. In 2008, Bulgaria followed that recommendation and adopted a flat tax rate of 10% on personal and corporate income.
Brief Report: Establishment of Long-term Lines from Small Aliquots of Normal Lymphocytes

A highly purified, non-hemagglutinating PHA used in minimal blastogenic doses was non-toxic to established human lymphoid cell lines. PHA given at the beginning of primary culture or repeatedly throughout the initial six weeks of culture did not interfere with the establishment of peripheral lymphocytes in long-term suspension culture. Permanent cell lines have been obtained following weekly administration of PHA in blastogenic and subthreshold doses. Nonhemagglutinating PHA appeared to be non-toxic to these peripheral lymphocyte cultures and may increase their potential for long-term proliferation.
Which Birth Control Pill Should be Prescribed

A review representing a personal evaluation of the various oral contraceptive (OC) pill preparations available to the clinician in the U.S. is presented. The components and mechanism of action of OC estrogen and progestin are described and side effects using recent data are reviewed. These side effects include thromboembolism stroke myocardial infarction hypertension gallbladder disease liver adenoma and postpill amenorrhea. It is concluded that 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol results in a maximal combination of safety for the patient and freedom from annoying problems. Management of breakthrough bleeding and amenorrhea while on the pill can be handled through education of the patient. Alternatives to the pill are discussed.
Susceptibility of Malathion-Resistant Indianmeal Moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to a Granulosis Virus

Five stages of malathion-resistant Indianmeal moth (IMM), Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), larvae were tested for their susceptibility to a granulosis virus. The virus was applied as a lactose coprecipitate at concentrations of 0 to 250 mg/kg of IMM diet in increments of 25 mg. At a significance level of P = 0.01, the 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae were highly susceptible; 3rd instars had an intermediate level of susceptibility; 4th and 5th instars demonstrated relatively little susceptibility. First-instar offspring from IMM that survived treatment suffered 100% mortality in virus-contaminated media.
On the use of open-source firewalls in ICS/SCADA systems

Firewalls are one of the most widely used security devices to protect a communications network. They help secure it by blocking unwanted traffic from entering or leaving the protected network. Several commercial vendors have extended their firewall capabilities to support SCADA protocols or designed SCADA-specific firewalls. Although open-source firewalls are used successfully in IT networks, their use in SCADA networks has not been properly investigated. In this research we investigate the major open-source firewalls for their use in SCADA networks and identify Linux iptables’ potential as an effective SCADA firewall. Iptables is a powerful open-source firewall solution available as part of most Linux distributions in use today. In general, use of iptables as a network-level firewall for SCADA systems has been limited to basic port and host filtering, without further inspection of control messages. We propose and demonstrate a novel methodology to use iptables as an effective firewall for SCADA systems. This is achieved by utilizing advanced iptables features that allow for dynamic inspection of packet data. It is noteworthy to mention that the proposed solution does not require any modification to the netfilter/iptables framework, making it possible to turn a Linux system into an effective SCADA firewall. The approach has been tested by defining filtering rules for the Modbus TCP protocol and validating its ability to defend against various attacks on the protocol.
Mao Zedong's Influence on Western Cultural Politics

In China,people tend to selectively preserve and memorize Mao Zedong's legacy,particularly Mao Zedong's late years: He was characterized as the person mistakenly launching the "Great Cultural Revolution" by Chinese authority.In the West,we can remember that Mao's thoughts has thrilling impact on the "Leftist" during the Cold War and the generation born in the year of 1968,but we can hardly understand its influence on the cultural politics pattern since 1970s,when Cultural Wars developed overwhelmingly between "Leftist" and "Rightist" in the West,including a series of striking movements and events.Through exploring historical cases,it is our attempt to describe Mao Zedong's potential influence on education reform,culture,social movement of the community,and legislative changes.Mao Zedong's instructions,like self-criticism,youth's rebellion,consciousness raising,has developed longer and more profoundly in the West than in China.Nowadays,a series of "Leftist" debates,such as priority should be given whether to social justice or to cultural justice,has colored Mao Zedong thoughts.The output of Mao Zedong thoughts has made great contributions for us to understand the changing relationship between culture and politics,whether we are in the Great Cultural Revolution or in the Cultural Wars.
Tachycardias of right ventricular origin.

Right ventricular arrhythmias are associated with an unusual group of clinical disorders. These include UhTs anomaly; right ventricular dysplasia; ventricular tachycardia arising from the right ventricular outflow tract in otherwise normal ventricles, that is, repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and nonischemic, exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia; repaired congenital disease of the right ventricle, particularly tetralogy of Fallot; and right ventricular ischemia. The clinical features, mechanisms of these right ventricular arrhythmias, and their current management are discussed.
Chapter Six - Prediction, Information Structure, and Good-Enough Language Processing

Abstract The good-enough language processing approach emphasizes people's tendency to generate superficial and even inaccurate interpretations of sentences. At the same time, a number of researchers have argued that prediction plays a key role in comprehension, allowing people to anticipate features of the input and even specific upcoming words based on sentential constraint. In this chapter, we review evidence from our lab supporting both approaches, even though at least superficially these two perspectives seem incompatible. We then argue that what allows us to link good-enough processing and prediction is the concept of information structure, which states that sentences are organized to convey both given or presupposed information, and new or focused information. Our fundamental proposal is that given or presupposed information is processed in a good-enough manner, while new or focused information is the target of the comprehender's prediction efforts. The result is a theory that brings together three different literatures that have been treated almost entirely independently, and which can be evaluated using a combination of behavioral, computational, and neural methods.
Coming of age in the Antipodes

Since the inception of ARLIS/ANZ, Australia and New Zealand have increasingly seen themselves as part of the Asia-Pacific region rather than as a distant outpost of Britain. The impact of post-War European immigrants from countries other than Britain has been felt and immigration from the Asia-Pacific region is now equally important. These developments have contributed to a confident, diverse culture, within which indigenous art has gained greater recognition. Art librarians are benefiting from worldwide electronic communications which have equally helped overcome the ‘tyranny of distance’ within the region itself. Thus, ARLISANZ-L now complements ARLIS/ANZ News . Because of the vast distance between members, ARLIS/ANZ bases its entire central executive within a single local chapter for two years at a time. Local chapters are flourishing, most particularly around major centres. Dispersal of members is also overcome by the all-important annual conferences and workshops. Like other ARLIS groups, ARLIS/ANZ engages in advocacy on behalf of art libraries and art librarians. A major concern for ARLIS/ANZ remains the documentation of the art of Australia and New Zealand both as a result of scholarship and publishing from within the region, and in major international bibliographies and indexes.
Widespread perturbation of function, structure, and dynamics by a conservative single-Atom substitution in thymidylate synthase

Thymidylate synthase (TSase) is responsible for synthesizing the sole de novo source of dTMP in all organisms. TSase is a drug target, and as such, it has been well studied in terms of both structure and reaction mechanism. Cysteine 146 in Escherichia coli TSase is universally conserved because it serves as the nucleophile in the enzyme mechanism. Here we use the C146S mutation to probe the role of the sulfur atom in early events in the catalytic cycle beyond serving as the nucleophile. Surprisingly, the single-atom substitution severely decreases substrate binding affinity, and the unfavorable ΔΔG°bind is comprised of roughly equal enthalpic and entropic components at 25 °C. Chemical shifts in the free and dUMP-bound states show the mutation causes perturbations throughout TSase, including regions important for complex stability, in agreement with a less favorable enthalpy change. We measured the nuclear magnetic resonance methyl symmetry axis order parameter (S2axis), a proxy for conformational entropy,...
Coherent and Incoherent Dynamics in a Periodically Driven Bistable System

We study the conservative as well as the dissipative quantal dynamics in a harmonically driven, quartic double-well potential. Our main tool is a numerical analysis of time evolution and spectrum, based on the Floquet formalism. In the deep quantal regime, we find coherent modifications of tunneling, including its complete suppression. In the semiclassical regime of the conservative system, the dynamics is dominated by the competition of tunneling between symmetry-related regular regions and chaotic diffusion along the separatrix. We demonstrate that there is a strong correlation between each tunnel splitting and the overlap of the associated doublet states with the chaotic layer. In the dissipative case, remnants of coherent behavior occur as transients, such as the tunneling between distinct, coexisting limit cycles. In particular, the coherent suppression of tunneling is stabilized by weak incoherence. The quantal stationary states are characterized by an anisotropical broadening due to quantum noise, as compared to the corresponding classical attractors.
AGING PERSPECTIVES IN SOME NONDEGRADATION STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

In a stochastic environment, a degradation process, inspite of showing a mono- tone trend, may contain stochastic variations which may camouflage the statistical picture to a certain extent. There are, however, some other processes which may not exhibit a degradation phenomenon. For some of these nondegradation stochas- tic processes, associated aging perspectives are appraised, without being confined to a semiparametric fashion, and their application in health related quality of life assessment are considered.
Sperm maturation in sturgeon (Actinopterygii, Acipenseriformes): A review

The morphology of the reproductive system of acipenseriform fishes is quite different from that of teleostean species, but an associated unique physiological difference in male sturgeons was not discovered until recently; sperm of sturgeons passes through the kidneys then via Wolffian ducts into the environment rather that emptying directly through seminal ducts. The mixing of sperm with excretory products has been found to be a requisite for the capacity to be activated (maturation step) instead of being deleterious. In the current review we summarize results of studies performed in our laboratory on physiological processes involved in sturgeon sperm maturation, namely changes in: 1) ionic environment; 2) sensitivity of spermatozoa to calcium ions (Ca2+); 3) antioxidant enzymes and proteolytic activities; and 4) content in macroergic phosphates arising during this maturation process. We also discuss taxa-specific aspects of sturgeon sperm maturation in relation to hormonal regulation of spermiation, and the unusual features of sturgeon sperm maturation relative to using testicular sturgeon sperm in aquaculture.
Caring Capacity and Cosmocultural Evolution: Potential Mechanisms for Advanced Altruism

This chapter proposes a model for “advanced altruism,” building from what are fairly well understood biological-genetic dynamics (“biological altruism”) leading to more complex social and cultural forms of altruism (“biocultural altruism”), which can act as a springboard for “advanced altruism” that sufficiently transcends biological self-interest. Two mechanisms are emphasized: increasing caring capacity and cosmocultural evolution, both of which can lead to advanced forms of altruism. Increasing caring capacity involves making cost-benefit ratios of altruistic acts increasingly favorable to all actors—especially by reducing the cost of caring. Cosmocultural evolution emphasizes the coevolution of culture and cosmos and suggests the universe can be a common objective framework. Cosmocultural evolution appeals to the more “subjective” power and value of cultural evolution, which can result in a broad-based respect for the universe and all beings in it. The model may have general applicability to beings that have evolved via natural selection, including possibly single “collective” biological or machine intelligences. However, the model appears to be only marginally applicable to a single being that never evolved through phases of social evolution, requiring additional speculation, some of which is provided to address, for example, how a notion of self and others could develop in such an extreme example.
Properties of Vehicle Network Privacy

ABSTRACT Contemporary automobiles utilize a range of safety devices, such as seatbelts and airbags, to reduce injuries in accidents. Future vehicles, especially autonomous cars, will also utilize computer networks to avoid accidents. These vehicular ad hoc networks, VANETs, may one day save thousands of lives and billions of dollars, reduce fuel consumption and pollution, and expand ubiquitous connectivity and mobile application functionality to the world's roadways. One problem: privacy. VANETs may expose motorists to surveillance by eavesdroppers, from casual stalkers to Big Brother. The problem has perplexed researchers for decades, perhaps partly because the desired properties of vehicle network privacy have not been sufficiently defined. The purpose of this paper is to provide a taxonomy to classify privacy properties in vehicular contexts.
At freedom's limit: Islam and the postcolonial predicament

Islam in the twenty-first century has attained the distinction of becoming a meme. As with so many meme generators on the internet, where one may take a photograph and add a caption for the purpose...
Emerging Frontiers in Audit Study Research: Mechanisms, Variation, and Representativeness

Audit studies have gained popularity in the social sciences, producing important insights about discrimination and bias across a range of social statuses, such as race and gender. Yet, important questions persist about why, when, and where discrimination and bias emerge. In this chapter, I suggest that tackling these issues is a central task of audit studies and discuss emerging frontiers of audit study research that are attempting to address these pressing issues. First, audit studies can contribute to our understanding of why discrimination occurs by incorporating strategies to uncover the mechanisms that drive the empirical patterns observed in the data. Second, audit studies can provide insights about when and where discrimination and bias occur by paying attention to theoretically important variation in average treatment effects and clarifying the representativeness of a given set of findings. Throughout, I present evidence from recent audit study research that pushes the boundaries on each of these frontiers and discuss potential paths forward to continue to advance the design, implementation, and contribution of this method to social science research.
Prevalence and Pharmaceutical Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis in United States Adults.

Abstract This study provides prevalence estimates of plantar fasciitis in U.S. adults, as well as the types and frequencies of pharmaceutical treatment specifically for this pain. Data are from the 2013 National Health and Wellness Survey, a large (n = 75,000) internet panel survey designed to approximate the adult U.S. population. Strengths of associations are determined using multivariable logistic regression. It was estimated that .85% (95% confidence interval [CI] = .77–.92) of the sample reported diagnosed plantar fasciitis with pain in the past month. Higher prevalence of plantar fasciitis was seen in women (1.19%; referent) versus men (.47%), in those aged 45 to 64 (1.33%) versus those aged 18 to 44 (.53%; referent) years, and in the obese (1.48%) versus those with a body mass Perspective The current study provides additional insights into the pain and disability associated with plantar fasciitis, as well as the pharmaceutical treatments being used for its management. Prescription as well as OTC medications are used to manage plantar fasciitis symptoms despite limited, if any, clinical trial data supporting their use.
Connections Between Teachers’ Knowledge of Students, Instruction, and Achievement Outcomes:

Both scholars and professional standards identify teachers’ knowledge of students as important to promoting effective instruction and student learning. Prior research investigates two such types of...
Wallerstein, Immanuel (1930–)

Immanuel Wallerstein's landmark multivolume Modern World-System and related works transformed the global intellectual landscape, part and parcel of larger changes in the geopolitics, structures of knowledge, and geoeconomics of the modern world. At once a scholarly analysis and a call to intellectual arms, Wallerstein's formation and personal trajectory demonstrates the importance of both intellectual contexts and social networks for paradigm shifts in the structures of knowledge, away from positivist social science and toward a new unit of analysis, that of the study of world-systems, specifically the capitalist world-economy with its single and expanding global division of labor, stratified of course by race, ethnicity, class, gender, and nationality. This article provides an overview of Wallerstein's formation and career as a scholar-activist, including family origins, education, networks, historical context, and main achievements. The article includes a brief description of some of Wallerstein's major works and discusses their legacy and lasting impact, including in terms of his call for a unidiscplinary historical social science and possibly even beyond, that with moves toward overcoming what C.P. Snow called The Two Cultures dividing the social sciences, humanities, and the natural sciences, a unique feature of the structures of knowledge of the modern world-system.
Perceptions of the organization's climate: influenced by the organization's structure?

Currently, little is known about organizational climates in schools of nursing, and what structural factors are associated with climate variations. The purpose of this study is to describe the organizational structure and climate, and the interrelationship between these factors, in two schools of nursing. Results indicated that the sample organizations exhibited characteristics of both the bureaucratic and professional models of organizational structure, although one school was more closely aligned to the professional model. Organizational climates differed in the two schools, and the school that structurally resembled the professional model had a more facilitative climate. Organizational structure was significantly (p less than .01) related to the climate dimensions of autonomy (r = -.35), work pressure (r = .49), and control (r = .59). The schools differed significantly (p less than .01) on the climate dimensions of administrative support (t = 3.31, df = 54), autonomy (t = 3.30, df = 56), work pressure (t = -4.36, df = 60), and control (t = -6.74, df = 55). Administrative support and autonomy were higher in the school structurally resembling the professional model, and work pressure and control were higher in the school structurally resembling the bureaucratic model.
What Price Liberty: The Search for Equality for Kinship-Caregiving Families

This article explores the tension between equality and liberty within the context of family law, focusing on the ways that kinship families are oriented to prioritize equality over liberty. Family Law’s marriage-centric framework continues to exclude kinship-caregiver families from domestic relations court, forcing them to address family matters in probate and dependency court where there are fewer protections for parents, caregivers, and children. This article argues that because poor families, particularly families of color where kinship-caregivers are disproportionately over-represented, are often more dependent on the state to meet their material needs, they are more attuned to threats to equality rather than infringements on liberty. In contrast, affluent families who advocate for their interests in the realm of private domestic relations tend to favor liberty interests, even at the expense of equality. It advocates for an examination of the ways in which different communities understand and experience liberty to better understand inequality.
Semiochemistry of Cabbage Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Eurydema and Murgantia)

The semiochemistry of the common North American pest of crucifers, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (the harlequin bug), and two related European species, Eurydema ventrale L. and E. oleraceum L., was ...
Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement: literature review

Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement surgery (Biomet Orthopedics, Inc, Warsaw, Ind) provides excellent long-term results according to numerous published series, with 10-year survivorship ranging from 91% to 100% and 15- year survivorship of 93%. Few knee prostheses can rival these results. Most of these cohorts included patients with anteromedial- or medial-specific disease, although some cohorts included patients with lateral-specific disease. Also, most cohorts were performed in patients with a mean age of >60 years, with a wide range of ages including patients in their 30s to 90s. Almost all of the arthroplasties were performed in patients with osteoarthritis, and some were performed in patients with avascular necrosis.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=38

Abstract All available experimental data of nuclear structure and decay are evaluated for the known nuclides of mass 38 (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti). Detailed results of this evaluation are presented with the best values recommended for level energies, half-lives, γ-ray energies and intensities, decay properties (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic information. The 38Ar nuclide remains as the most extensively studied via various reactions and decays; no excited states are known in 38Al except for that an isomeric state is tentatively proposed from a recent β-decay measurement (2015St14); the 38Sc and 38Ti nuclides remain unidentified, with no experimental references reported for 38Sc and with a measurement of fragmentation cross sections reported for 38Ti but finding no evidence of its presence (1996Bl21). This work supersedes the earlier full evaluation of A=38 by J.A. Cameron and B. Singh (2008Ca01).
Crohn's disease initiated with extraintestinal features.

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial, chronic immune-mediated disorder. The oral cavity is involved in 0.5% to 20% of the patients with CD. Oral manifestations of CD are sometimes nonspecific and can be overlooked by the clinicians. These manifestations may precede intestinal symptoms and can serve as indicators for early diagnosis. To increase awareness and to contribute to the standard intervention, here we report a paediatric case with persistent idiopathic swelling of the lower lip and perianal fistula. Microscopic examinations revealed multiple non-necrotising granulomas with chronic inflammation, oedema and lymphangiectasia. The patient was treated with metronidazole 500 mg and ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice a day for one month. The perioral lesions were managed with topical 0.03% tacrolimus and oral prednisone 10 mgtwice a day for one month, followed by a tapered regimen of 10 mg/day for another month. The patient’s symptoms improved without full remission at the 6-month follow-up.
Phykodes n. gen., Replacement Name for Phycodes Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Brachodidae), Not Phycodes Richter, 1850 (Ichnofossil)

A moth and trace fossil have both been named as Phycodes. The senior homonym is a well-known trace fossil, PhycodesRichter, 1850. The relatively obscure junior homonym, PhycodesGuenee, 1852, is given the replacement name Phykodesn. gen.
The printed (French-speaking) alternative media in Belgium: Journalism or activism?

This article provides an insight into the Belgian alternative media landscape. Ten French-speaking printed media are analysed to understand how they develop a socio-economic structure that allows independence from any financial sources and to establish their goals regarding the media and society. The methodology is based on interviews and analysis of the background and descriptions of these media. Findings show three categories of media: journalism-oriented (with the objective of practising another journalism); content-oriented (focused on specific issues); and counter-hegemonic-oriented (promoting another society). A clear distinction emerges between them. On one side, media-centred alternatives are developed by professional journalists, who may accept advertising and whose goal is to provide another journalism (deep or slow journalism) without the constraints of traditional media (speed, low-paying jobs, influence of capital, etc.). On the other side, society-centred alternatives are independent from advertising and are composed of non-professional journalists (volunteers) willing to provide a strong alternative voice and opposed to the hegemonic discourses of traditional media, an approach that is very close to activism.
Comparative Study of the Adsorption of Thiol and IsocyanideMolecules on a Silver Surface by in Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

We report an investigation of the adsorption of thiol and isocyanide molecules on colloidal Ag nanocubes through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Specifically, we collect SERS spectra in situ at different time points from a mixture of Ag nanocubes and ligand molecules at a specific concentration. We demonstrate that 4-nitrothiophenol could readily bind to the Ag surface through strong thiol–Ag interaction. We also observe red shifts for the SERS peaks as the concentration decreases, suggesting a change to the molecular orientation relative to the surface. Likewise, 4-aminothiophenol also adsorbs onto Ag quickly, but gives much weaker SERS signals relative to 4-nitrothiophenol because the electron-donating amine group would retard the chemical enhancement of SERS. Different from thiols, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanide binds to Ag surface through a relatively weak, σ-donation bond. With an increase in concentration, molecules tend to adsorb on the nanocubes with the benzene ring tilting away from the su...
Locating and Preserving the Sphenopalatine Ganglion in Endoscopic Endonasal Pterygopalatine Fossa Surgery: An Anatomical Study.

BackgroundThe pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) contains numerous important neurovascular structures; notably, the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V2), and th...
Part D. – Surgical Management

Publisher Summary Fundamental considerations for surgery in nonhuman primates do not differ substantially from those for surgery in other species. However, some specific conditions that are appropriately managed by surgical means are commonly encountered in captive populations. This chapter emphasizes the relatively common conditions of surgery in nonhuman primates and discusses the techniques that have qualities that are unique to primates. Some specific conditions that are appropriately managed by surgical means are commonly encountered in captive populations. Veterinarians who work with nonprimate species found some surgical techniques that may be different due to anatomic or other differences that are unique to nonhuman primates. The chapter discusses the pre- and postoperative management of nonhuman primates. The chapter also describes the obstetrical and gynecologic procedures and the abdominal procedures that are performed on nonhuman primates.
Using an Adapted Lesson Study with Early Childhood Undergraduate Students

This study examined the impact of an Adapted Lesson Study Project (ALSP), an undergraduate course assignment, utilized for field-experience, on teaching efficacy, and the quality of lessons develop...
ARTICLE: Elder Care in the United States: Filial Responsibility Laws, Judicial Decisions, and Enforcement Issues

Filial responsibility (duty of care) laws often require adult children to support their elderly and infirm parents. Some states extend this obligation to close relatives. This responsibility may be enforced via statute or morally encouraged as part of religion within a culture. Given the diversity of cultures in America, the duty of care is difficult to define, enforce, and interpret when such cases come to the attention of the courts. Twenty-nine states that currently have statutes related to filial responsibility vary widely in defining the concept and specifying how to enforce the laws. Because many of these involve neglect rather than overt abuse, enforcing filial responsibility statutes presents a unique challenge for the criminal justice system. This article reviews state legislation and scholarly sources to assess the current laws, court decisions, and enforcement issues.
Wideband Printed Ridge Gap 45° Schiffman phase shifter for millimeter wave systems

The millimeter wave band is a highly potential candidate for wireless and imaging systems. Designing millimeter wave components using new promising technology such as the printed ridge gap waveguide is highly recommended. Phase shifters are essential components in beam forming networks and phased arrays. In this paper, a wideband 45° Schiffman phase shifter is designed in the printed ridge gap waveguide technology at 30 GHz. It has a wide bandwidth from 24.59 to 36.83 GHz (39.8%) with return loss better than 14 dB and output phase difference of 45° ± 3.5°.
CoreValve bioprosthesis dysfunction treated with a Sapien 3 valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement and BASILICA technique.

Structural deterioration of transcatheter heart valve (THV) has been previously described. With the expansion of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) indications toward treating lower risk patients with longer life expectancy, there will be increased necessity of managing the patients with THV dysfunction including those at risk for coronary obstruction or sinus sequestration. Coronary access also remains a challenge in such cases with THV dysfunction undergoing valve-in-transcatheter heart valve (ViTHV) TAVR. A unique and first reported case of THV deterioration treated with Sapien 3 ViTHV-TAVR inside a 31 mm CoreValve bioprosthesis along with left coronary leaflet laceration using the BASILICA technique has been presented.
Microinjection of Corn Planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, Embryos for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, is a pest of maize and a vector of several maize viruses. Previously published methods describe the triggering of RNA interference (RNAi) in P. maidis through microinjection of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into nymphs and adults. Despite the power of RNAi, phenotypes generated via this technique are transient and lack long-term Mendelian inheritance. Therefore, the P. maidis toolbox needs to be expanded to include functional genomic tools that would enable the production of stable mutant strains, opening the door for researchers to bring new control methods to bear on this economically important pest. However, unlike the dsRNAs used for RNAi, the components used in CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing and germline transformation do not easily cross cell membranes. As a result, plasmid DNAs, RNAs, and/or proteins must be microinjected into embryos before the embryo cellularizes, making the timing of injection a critical factor for success. To that end, an agarose-based egg-lay method was developed to allow embryos to be harvested from P. maidis females at relatively short intervals. Herein are provided detailed protocols for collecting and microinjecting precellular P. maidis embryos with CRISPR components (Cas9 nuclease that has been complexed with guide RNAs), and results of Cas9-based gene knockout of a P. maidis eye-color gene, white, are presented. Although these protocols describe CRISPR/Cas9-genome editing in P. maidis, they can also be used for producing transgenic P. maidis via germline transformation by simply changing the composition of the injection solution.
Prostate-specific Antigen Testing in Men with Disabilities: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey.

BACKGROUND Patients with disabilities represent a unique minority population. The incidence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing among this population is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare PSA testing rates and associated predictors among men with and without reported disabilities in the USA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) for the years 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2019 was conducted in men with reported disabilities. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Baseline demographics of the entire cohort were stratified based on their reported disabilities (none, disabled, deaf, and blind). Each disability was compared separately and in combination with the cohort without disabilities. Multivariable logistic regression models determined clinically significant predictors of PSA testing in men with disabilities compared with those without. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Overall, 782 (15%) men with disabilities were compared with 4569 (85%) men without disabilities. The former cohort was older with a median (interquartile range) age of 65 (56-75) versus 57 (43-67) yr (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, men with any disability were less likely to undergo PSA testing (odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.62-0.96, p = 0.018). Variables associated with increased PSA testing included age, having a health care provider, health insurance, and living with a partner. CONCLUSIONS Inequalities in PSA testing exist among men with disabilities in the USA, especially among the deaf and blind, being less likely to undergo PSA testing. Further research is required to identify and deal with any obstacles in the implementation of equal PSA testing in this unique population. PATIENT SUMMARY In the USA, men with reported disabilities are less likely to undergo PSA testing than patients without reported disabilities.
Controversies and Clinical Recommendations for the Treatment of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder

Compulsive sexual behavior disorder is defined as a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviors that cause marked distress or impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Although compulsive sexual behavior has been identified in the literature for a considerable period of time, it remains a controversial and understudied condition. For the past several decades, compulsive sexual behavior has been labeled and classified in numerous ways. Research on minoritized racial, ethnic, and sexual groups, older adults, individuals with disabilities, and the impact of religious beliefs remains limited in the literature of compulsive sexual behavior. Several psychiatric comorbidities with compulsive sexual behavior have been identified; however, treatment options, neuroscience, proper medication, and assessment measures are insufficient to draw strong conclusions. Recommendations for future classification, research, treatment, and assessment are suggested to aid in filling these gaps. Specifically, additional focus should be given to diverse populations (e.g., LGBTQ + , older adults, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color, individuals with intellectual and physical disabilities) in future research to better understand the etiology, prevalence, assessment, and best clinical practices for treatment-seeking clients.
Subtle differences in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 in rhesus macaques.

The emergence of several SARS-CoV-2 variants has caused global concerns about increased transmissibility, increased pathogenicity, and decreased efficacy of medical countermeasures. Animal models c...
Is there a firm size-wage gap after economic transition? – An examination of for-profit and not-for-profit firms in Estonia

The labor economics and industrial organization literature is replete with studies showing a positive relationship between firm size and employees’ wages. However, no work to date has examined, particularly with regard to the inverse probability weighting approach taken in this study, whether this effect is present in a post‐communist country shortly after economic transition. This study fills that void by testing for a firm size‐wage effect in Estonia after it declared independence from the Soviet Union. In doing so, we employ a large micro‐dataset from the Estonian Labor Force Survey and find that, holding several job, industry, and city characteristics constant, a statistically significant firm size‐wage gap exists across workers employed by all types of firms, and separately for those employed across both for‐profit and not‐for‐profit firms in Estonia after its economic transition.