cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REDUCING BIAS IN PERSONNEL SELECTION DECISIONS: POSITIVE EFFECTS OF ATTENTION TO IRRELEVANT INFORMATION '

Summary.-173 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 (n = 43) received a description of general objective criteria For the job of police officer. Group 2 (n = 43) received additional information describing variables relevant to the valid prediction of job performance and were instructed to pay attention to those variables. Group 3 (n = 46) received additional information describing those variables not valid for iob selection and were instructed to attend to those. Group 4 (n = 41) received the descriptions of and instructions to focus on both relwant and irrelevant variables. All subjects then rated 4 fictitious job applicants on the basis of application materials that were manipulated in reference to both their relevant/valid qualifications and their irrelevant/stereotypical fit to the job. Analysis indicated that subjects atrending to irrelevant information rated applicants more objectively. Assuming these results generalize to cognitive processes that occur among actual personnel managers, findings suggest that training raten to attend to rather than ignore irrelevant information may help reduce bias in ~ersonnel selection. As Guion (1976) stated, there is a difference between statistical discrimination (distinguishing between people who can do the job) and unfair discrimination. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was an attempt to provide guidelines for selection devices to help alleviate unfair discrimination. Nevertheless, despite all of the attempts to alleviate bias through improvements in federal and state laws and in testing the reliability and validity of selection measures, Tenopyr (1981) noted that it is not tests that discriminate against people; people discriminate against people. In that regard, directly reducing unfair discrimination may depend more on assessing the human
Correlation and return dispersion dynamics in Chinese markets

Abstract This paper studies the relation between firm-level return dispersions and correlations among Chinese stocks during periods of unusually large upward and downward swings. We analyze individual stock returns across 18 sectors and test if return dispersions and stock correlations show asymmetric patterns for extreme up and down markets. Evidence from studies on U.S. stocks suggests that equity return correlations tend to be much greater on the downside than on the upside and that the degree of comovement gets even stronger during extreme market states. However, in the case of Chinese stock market, we find that higher downside correlations apply to only stocks within the Financial sector. With the exception of Financial stocks, we find that stock correlations are significantly higher during up markets, rather than down markets. Regarding firm-level return dispersions, our findings are consistent with rational asset pricing model predictions. We find that equity return dispersions are significantly higher during periods of large price changes.
Kinematics and Control of the TowPlow: A Steerable Articulated Vehicle System

The TowPlow is a novel type of snowplow that consists of a conventional snowplow vehicle and a steerable, plow-mounted trailer. The trailer is equipped with hydraulic-powered steerable axles so that it can be steered up to 30 degrees with respect to the tractor. The combination of the front plow of the towing snowplow and the trailer-equipped plow is able to clear a path up to approximately 24-ft wide, which is the width of two typical traffic lanes. In this paper, the kinematic characteristics of the TowPlow are derived using instantaneous centers of velocity. Based on the derived equations, the relation between the radius of curvature and the trailer wheel steering angle that allows the tractor-trailer to maintain its initial articulation angle is defined. Also, simulations of constant radius turning are performed with and without the trailer’s corrective steering, and the results are compared. Even though the kinematic analysis does not take forces and inertia into account, it is clearly demonstrated in the simulation results that appropriate steering of the trailer wheel is necessary to maintain the articulation angle of the TowPlow and to prevent the device from intruding into adjacent lanes.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Essential regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA: separate elements for Est1p and Est2p interaction.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA subunit is encoded by the TLC1 gene. A selection for viable alleles of TLC1 RNA from a large library of random deletion alleles revealed that less than half (∼0.5 kb of the ∼1.3-kb RNA) is required for telomerase function in vivo. The main essential region (430 nucleotides), which contains the template for telomeric DNA synthesis, was required for coimmunoprecipitation with Est1p and Est2p. Furthermore, the subregion required for interaction with Est1p, the telomerase recruitment subunit, differed from those required for interaction with Est2p, the reverse transcriptase subunit. Two regions of the RNA distant from the template in the nucleotide sequence were required for Est2p binding, but the template itself was not. Having the RNA secured to the protein away from the template is proposed to facilitate the translocation of the RNA template through the active site. More generally, our results support a role for the telomerase RNA serving as a scaffold for binding key protein subunits.
Morphological surface changes in the terminal bronchiolar region of NO2-exposed rat lung

Abstract The distal airways and neighboring regions of lungs from healthy (control) rats and from rats exposed to 15 ± 2 ppm NO 2 for 1, 2, and 7 days were dissected out and examined with the scanning electron microscope. The three types of bronchiolar epithelial cells were identified on the terminal bronchiolar surface of unexposed animals. Type I, Type II, and alveolar brush cells were identified in the alveolar duct regions. Morphological surface changes involved in the initial response to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 included loss of cilia and increased uniformity of surface in the terminal bronchiole. Type I cells in the proximal alveolar duct region near the end of the terminal bronchiole were substantially replaced by microvilli-covered cells. Increases in the amount of debris and the number of macrophages were also evident in the response to the gas. Several specimens that had been examined in the scanning electron microscope were subsequently prepared for transmission electron microscopy.
Reward Structures in a Planned Economy: The Problem of Incentives and Efficient Allocation of Resources

This paper considers a reward mechanism for inducing the choice of a socially optimal level of output by a socialist price-setting manager. Under this mechanism the planner is assumed to have no information other than the observed output and price level. It thus has informational advantages over other schemes thus far discussed in the literature. The other schemes require the additional knowledge of demand elasticities of all the products produced in the economy. Besides this informational advantage the reward structure suggested here also eliminates other basic weaknesses of those schemes suggested previously.
Modeling of U.S. Corn Ethanol Industrial Growth

The production capacity of corn ethanol as a transportation fuel is experiencing rapid growth in the United States. The demand is driven by increased prices of gasoline, government mandates, incentives, desire for cleaner fuels, and the need to be more self-reliant in energy sources. Continued strong growth of the corn ethanol industry will depend on profitability by both suppliers and producers. This in turn will be influenced by several factors such as demand, government incentives, feedstock availability and prices, processing plant capacity, and efficient farm and ethanol processing technologies. How and to what extent will the projected growth of the corn ethanol industry in the United States be influenced by some or all of these factors? We use system dynamics modeling to construct a causal-loop structure of the corn ethanol industry and stock and flow diagrams to explore how possible changes in projected factors and growth indicators will affect the industry. Currently, planners and researchers explore various energy supply options by the year 2030. Using system dynamics modeling, this paper explores different possible growth scenarios of the industry for the next twenty years.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Human odorant evoked responses: Effects of trigeminal or olfactory deficit

Abstract In man, cerebral evoked responses to odorous stimuli can be recorded from the scalp. This study investigated whether the odorant evoked response (OER) is due to stimulation of olfactory receptors, or of nasal trigeminal afferents in the nose. OER recording was carried out in two subjects with total facial hemianesthesia, in one subject with unilateral loss of olfaction and in three normal subjects following cocaine block of the olfactory area or block of all nasal mucosa excluding the olfactory area. Stimulation was unilateral. In all subjects normal OERs were recorded to stimulation of the normal nostril. Lack of trigeminal innervation resulted in abolition of the OER, whereas loss of olfactory function usually produced no OER change. The OER as recorded under these experimental conditions thus appears to be evoked solely by stimulation of nasal trigeminal afferents. The problems involved in recording a human olfactory evoked response are discussed.
Use of Bacteriophages to Control Salmonella in Experimentally Contaminated Sprout Seeds

ABSTRACT: Trials were conducted to evaluate the potential for using bacteriophages to control Salmonella in sprouting seeds. Two phages (Phage-A, capable of lysing S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, and Phage-B, capable of lysing S. Montevideo) were isolated and characterized as members of the Myoviridae and Siphoviridae families, respectively. Salmonella counts increased in all inoculated seeds during soaking and mustard seeds supported greater growth of the inoculated Salmonella than broccoli seeds. A 1.37 log suppression of Salmonella growth was achieved by applying Phage-A on mustard seeds. The mixture of Phage-A and Phage-B caused a 1.50 log suppression of Salmonella growth in the soaking water of broccoli seeds. Host specificity observed in the study stresses the importance of developing phage mixtures that can control a broad range of potential contaminants.
Elevation of plasma prolactin concentrations by intravenous SCH 23390 and SKF 38393 in conscious rats

Abstract The effect of the selective dopamine-1 (D-1) antagonist, SCH 23390 and the selective D-1 agonist, SKF 38393 on plasma prolactin levels was investigated in conscious, freely moving male rats. Plasma prolactin was markedly increased by the intravenous injection of either SCH 23390 or SKF 38393 in a dose-related fashion. The maximal prolactin response was observed 15 min after drug injection. The d-isomer of SKF 38393 was significantly more potent than the l-isomer. In urethane-anesthetized rats, the two drugs produced similar effects on prolactin as those in the conscious animal preparation. Both SCH 23390 and SKF 38393 potentiated the sulpiride-induced prolactin as those in the These observations suggest that pharmacologic stimulation, or blockade of D-1 receptors in the living animal, can mimic the action of a D2 antagonist at the anterior pituitary lactotroph. We have speculated on the possible mechanisms in pituitary and higher in the central nervous system which might be responsible for the prolactin changes caused by either SCH 23390 of SKF 38393.
Urinary estrogen metabolites in two soy trials with premenopausal women

Soy consumption may protect against breast cancer through modification of estrogen metabolism. We examined the effect of soy foods on urinary estrogens and the 2-hydroxy (OH)/16α-OH estrone (E1) ratio in two dietary interventions with premenopausal women. The Breast, Estrogens, And Nutrition (BEAN1) study was a 2-year randomized trial and BEAN2 a 13-month randomized crossover study. In both interventions, study participants consumed a high-soy diet with 2 soy food servings/day and a low-soy diet with <3 servings of soy/week. Urine samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the diet periods, analyzed for nine estrogen metabolites by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and adjusted for creatinine levels. For BEAN1, two samples for 188 participants and for BEAN2, three samples for 79 women were analyzed. We applied mixed-effects regression models with log-transformed values of estrogen metabolites and soy intake as the exposure variable. In BEAN1, no effect of the high-soy diet on individual estrogen metabolites or hydroxylation pathways was observed. The median 2-OH/16α-OHE1 ratio decreased non-significantly in the intervention group from 6.2 to 5.2 as compared with 6.8 and 7.2 in the control group (P=0.63). In BEAN2, only 4-OHE1 was significantly lower after the high-soy diet. Interaction terms of the high-soy diet with equol producer status, ethnicity and weight status revealed no significant effect modification. Contrary to our hypothesis and some previous reports, the results from two well-controlled dietary interventions do not support an effect of a high-soy diet on a panel of urinary estrogen metabolites and the 2-OH/16α-OHE1 ratio.
Appearance Self-Attitudes of African American and European American Women: Media Comparisons and Internalization of Beauty Ideals.

African American (AA) women have reported less body image disturbance than European American (EA) women, but questions remain about the nature and extent of this difference. This study examined differences in the body image of 80 AA women and 89 EA women with an improved methodology that controlled for body size, distinguished between satisfaction with and importance of body features, and included nonweight (e.g., hair texture, skin color) as well as weight-related features. Results provide evidence that, in contrast to AA women, EA women (a) were more dissatisfied with both weight and specific appearance features, (b) compared themselves more often to media beauty figures and internalized Western beauty standards more, and (c) showed a significant relation between media comparisons and body dissatisfaction. Internalization of Western beauty ideals was related to body dissatisfaction in both groups of women.
Phase retrieval of widefield microscopy point spread functions

The three-dimensional imaging properties of a light microscope are traditionally described through an intensity point spread function (PSF) or its Fourier transform, the optical transfer function (OTF). However, the imaging properties can be more compactly described by a generalized two-dimensional pupil function. Use of the pupil function allows easy modification of an observed PSF to introduce known aberrations, a much more difficult task when using a PSF or OTF. Unfortunately, it is not straightforward to determine the complex-valued pupil function from the measured intensity PSF, because of the lack of phase information. This is the problem of phase retrieval. Several phase retrieval algorithms have been developed for two-dimensional imaging in astronomy. We have modified one such algorithm to be appropriate for the high-aperture, non-paraxial case of high resolution light microscopy. PSFs reconstructed from phase-retrieved pupil functions, modified by calculated aberrations closely reproduce the features of measured, aberrated PSFs.
Examining Work Delay in Young Adults with Schizophrenia

Work delay as a dimension of work restoration in young adults with schizophrenia has not been explored with much frequency in the vocational rehabilitation literature; and it has never been explored and analyzed from the subjective experience of the person with the disorder. In this exploratory, mixed-method study of 20 first-episode young adults diagnosed with schizophrenia who returned to work, there were many dimensions to explore with in-depth interviews about the process of work re-engagement. However, it was a striking finding that the length of time to first job ranged from 1–65 months. There are several possible correlates in the literature to consider when looking at work delay. This study yielded qualitative themes that were mostly congruent with the literature and were split between illness-related factors (e.g., symptoms, medication side-effects) and non-illness-related factors (e.g., childcare, job training). In addition, messages from mental health professionals and families about returning ...
Could vitamin D sufficiency improve the survival of colorectal cancer patients

Purpose: To determine whether a higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration at diagnosis is associated with longer survival of colorectal cancer patients. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed of studies of the relationship between 25(OH)D and mortality of patients with colorectal cancer. A random-effects model was used to calculate a pooled hazards ratio. Homogeneity was evaluated through a DerSimonian–Laird test. Results: Higher serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were associated with lower mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D had 37% lower mortality from colorectal cancer compared to those in the lowest quintile of 25(OH)D (pooled odds ratio=0.63, p<0.0001). Dose– response curves showed lower hazard ratios for mortality with higher serum 25(OH)D through at least 40ng/ml. There were no exceptions. Conclusions: Higher serum 25(OH)D was associated with lower mortality of patients with colorectal cancer. These results suggest that colorectal cancer patients with deficient levels of serum 25(OH)D should havetheirlevelsrestoredtoanormalrange(30–80ng/ml).Thiscouldbe donewithregulartesting of serum 25(OH)D to be confident that an adequate serum level is being maintained. Additional studies would be worthwhile to evaluate confounding or the possibility of reverse causation.
3-D perpendicular assembly of SWNTs for CMOS interconnects

Due to their superior electrical properties such as high current density and ballistic transport, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are considered as a potential candidate for future very large scale integration (VLSI) interconnects. However, direct incorporation of CNTs into a complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) architecture by the conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth method is problematic because it requires high temperatures that might damage insulators and doped semiconductors in the underlying CMOS circuits. In this paper, we present a directed assembly method to assemble aligned CNTs into pre-patterned vias perpendicular to the substrate. A dynamic electric field with a static offset is applied to provide the force needed for directing the SWNT assembly. It is also shown that by adjusting assembly parameters the density of the assembled CNTs can be significantly enhanced. This highly scalable directed assembly method is conducted at room temperature and pressure and is accomplished in a few minutes. I-V characterization of the assembled CNTs was conducted using a Zyvex nanomanipulator in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the measured value of the resistance was 270 kΩs.
The Bright Future of Fabulous Materials Based on Carbon

Our current civilization belongs to the organic materials age. Organic materials science pervades nearly all aspects of our daily life. This essay sketches the evolution of materials science up to the present day. Plastics as textiles and structural materials dominate human civilization. The element carbon is at the core of this development because of its diverse interconnections with itself and other elements of the periodic table. While silicon will not be supplanted from its role in electronics, carbon will provide the most versatile electronics applications, through inexpensive, flexible electronic devices.
Activation of NAD(P)H oxidase by lipid hydroperoxides: mechanism of oxidant-mediated smooth muscle cytotoxicity.

Abstract Oxidized lipids, such as 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. 13-HPODE, a constituent of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, can induce cytotoxicity of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), which may facilitate plaque destabilization and/or rupture. 13-HPODE-induced cytotoxicity has been linked to oxidative stress, although the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. In the present study, we show that 13-HPODE and 9-HPODE (10–30 μM) increased superoxide (O2•−) production and induced cytotoxicity in SMC. The 13-HPODE-induced increase in O2•− was blocked by transfecting the cells with antisense oligonucleotides against p22phox, suggesting that the O2•− was produced by NAD(P)H oxidase. Similar concentrations of the corresponding HPODE reduction products, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) and 9-HODE, neither increased O2•− production nor induced cytotoxicity, while 4-hydroxy nonenal (4-HNE), an unsaturated aldehyde lipid peroxidation product, induced cytotoxicity without increasing O2•− production. Treatment with superoxide dismutase or Tiron to scavenge O2•−, or transfection with p22phox antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit O2•− production, attenuated 13-HPODE-induced cytotoxicity, but not that induced by 4-HNE. These findings suggest that activation of NAD(P)H oxidase, and production of O2•−, play an important role in lipid hydroperoxide-induced smooth muscle cytotoxicity.
The kinetics of peritoneal insulin absorption

Abstract This study examined the relationship between the delivery of insulin into the peritoneal space and its absorption into the peripheral circulation. Studies were performed in conscious dogs receiving somatostatin (5.0 μg/min) to suppress endogenous insulin secretion, and intravenous glucose (50 mg/min) to prevent hypoglycemia. The biologic effectiveness of the absorbed insulin was determined by its hypoglycemic effect. The possibility of direct absorption of insulin into the portal circulation from the peritoneal space in anesthetized, portal vein-catheterized dogs was examined with radiolabeled I125 insulin. Our results suggest that absorption of insulin from the peritoneal space is volume, concentration, and time-dependent. Maximal absorption of insulin was observed at 50 min when 1.92 U of insulin in a volume of 3 ml was infused intraperitoneally over 30 min. More rapid absorption was observed at 30 min when this quantity of insulin was given in a 1-min intraperitoneal bolus, compared to 30 min of intraperitoneal infusion. Least rapid absorption of insulin followed the delivery of 1.92 U of insulin in a volume of 15 ml. Intermediate absorption of insulin was observed at 40 min when the 1.92 U was delivered in a volume of 0.6 ml. Peripheral intravenous insulin delivery of 1.92 U reached a maximal plasma concentration at 20 min, which was more than three times the concentration observed with intraperitoneal insulin. Isotopic tracer studies, in which radioiodinated insulin was placed into the peritoneal space in anesthetized dogs, demonstrated greater radioactivity in the portal vein than in the aorta throughout a 30-min observation period. These studies demonstrate that intraperitoneal administration of insulin results in absorption of insulin which is volume, concentration, and time-dependent. Thus, the peritoneal space may be an appropriate site for insulin delivery through a transcutaneous catheter.
Isolation and Characterization of the Putative Nuclear Modifier Gene MTO1 Involved in the Pathogenesis of Deafness-associated Mitochondrial 12 S rRNA A1555G Mutation

The human mitochondrial 12 S rRNA A1555G mutation has been found to be associated with aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic deafness. However, putative nuclear modifier gene(s) have been proposed to regulate the phenotypic expression of this mutation. In yeast, the mutant alleles of MTO1, encoding a mitochondrial protein, manifest respiratory-deficient phenotype only when coupled with the mitochondrial 15 S rRNA PR454 mutation corresponding to human A1555G mutation. This suggests that the MTO1-like modifier gene may influence the phenotypic expression of human A1555G mutation. Here we report the identification of full-length cDNA and elucidation of genomic organization of the human MTO1 homolog. Human Mto1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein that implicates a role in the mitochondrial tRNA modification. Functional conservation of this protein is supported by the observation that isolated humanMTO1 cDNA can complement the respiratory deficient phenotype of yeast mto1 cells carrying PR454 mutation. MTO1 is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, but with a markedly elevated expression in tissues of high metabolic rates including cochlea. These observations suggest that human MTO1 is a structural and functional homolog of yeast MTO1. Thus, it may play an important role in the pathogenesis of deafness-associated A1555G mutation in 12 S rRNA gene or mutations in tRNA genes.
Ecological consequences of scaling of chew cycle duration and daily feeding time in Primates

Abstract Feeding systems and behaviors must evolve to satisfy the metabolic needs of organisms. This includes modifications to feeding systems as body size and metabolic needs change. Using our own data and data from the literature, we examine how size-related changes in metabolic needs are met by size-related changes in daily feeding time, chew cycle duration, volume of food processed per chew, and daily food volume intake in primates. Increases in chew cycle duration with body mass in haplorhine primates are described by a simple power function (cycle time α body mass 0.181 ). Daily feeding time increases with body mass when analyzed using raw data from the “tips” of the primate phylogenetic tree, but not when using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Whether or not daily feeding time remains constant or increases with body mass, isometry of ingested bite size and the slow rate of increase in chew cycle time with body size combine to allow daily ingested food volume to scale faster than predicted by metabolic rate. This positive allometry of daily ingested food volume may compensate for negative allometry of nutrient concentration in primate foods. Food material properties such as toughness and hardness have little impact on scaling of chew cycle durations, sequence durations, or numbers of chews in a sequence. Size-related changes in food processing abilities appear to accommodate size-related changes in food material properties, and primates may alter ingested bite sizes in order to minimize the impacts of food material properties on temporal variables such as chew cycle duration and chew sequence duration.
Approximation of a conditional wiener integral

Abstract An approximation for conditional Wiener integrals, similar to Cameron's “Simpson's Rule” for unconditional Wiener integrals, is developed. An alternate derivation of Konheim and Miranker's prescription for the development of higher-order formulas is presented.
Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper assesses the impact of the steadily growing remittance flows to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Though the region receives only a small portion of the total recorded remittances to developing countries, and the volume of aid flows to SSA swamps remittances, this paper finds that remittances, which are a stable, private transfer, have a direct poverty mitigating effect, and promote financial development. These findings hold even after factoring in the reverse causality between remittances, poverty and financial development. The paper posits that formalizing such flows can serve as an effective access point for "unbanked" individuals and households, and that the effective use of such flows can mitigate the costs of skilled out-migration in SSA.
Furosemide exhibits physicochemical properties similar to prostaglandins and interferes with their bioassay

The parallel pharmacological assay system has been of inestimable value in the identification and quantification of prostaglandins. A greater degree of specificity is conferred on the bioassay system by the preparative techniques of extraction and chromatography, for substances which might interfere with the assay of prostaglandins are usually eliminated by these procedures. It would be highly unlikely for a substance to survive the extraction procedure, to exhibit chromatographic properties similar to the prostaglandins and to interfere with their bioassay. We report here such an occurrence. Thus, furosemide not only survived the acidic lipid extraction, but, in addition, it exhibited chromatographic properties identical to those of the prostaglandins of the E series and finally, furosemide, at a dose which in and of itself was without effect on the assay tissues, inhibited the responses to prostaglandins. The quantification of prostaglandins by radioimmunoassay was, on the other hand, not altered by the presence of furosemide. This latter method appears to be the one of choice when interrelations between prostaglandins and furosemide are being examined.
Hot Isostatic Pressing of Titanium Alloys for Turbine Engine Components

This paper presents the state-of-the-art knowledge concerning the application of powder metallurgy to the fabrication of titanium alloy turbine engine components. The effect of powder type, powder processing, and method of powder consolidation on the mechanical properties and microstructures of P/M parts it discussed. The advantages of using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in producing engine components is outlined.Copyright © 1973 by ASME
Effects of the Anti-androgen Cyproterone Acetate on Mating Behavior and Seminal Vesicle Tissue in Male Rats

The synthetic steroid cyproterone acetate (6-chloro-17-hydroxy-lα,2α-methylenepregna- 4,6-diene-3,20-dione acetate) exerts strong antiandrogenic properties with respect to the seminal vesicles, but not with respect to androgen dependent mating behavior in male rats. Gonadectomized, sexually experienced male rats were treated with 1) testosterone propionate (TP); 2) TP plus cyproterone acetate, or 3) oil for 3 weeks, and given 3 mating tests at weeklyintervals. The seminal vesicles of all males were removed after 2 weeks of treatment. The intensity of mating behavior declined progressively in the oil treated castrates but not the androgen or androgen plus anti-androgen treated males. The seminal vesicles of the oil treated and androgen plus anti-androgen treated rats regressed in comparison with the seminal vesicles of males treated only with testosterone. (Endocrinology 84:155, 1969)
A guide to noninvasive intermittent ventilatory support

Patients who use home-based medical technologies, such as noninvasive intermittent ventilatory support, may require hospitalization on units where the staff is unfamiliar with this type of equipment. Consequently, acute care clinicians need resources so they can provide safe care to these patients. This article provides background information about noninvasive intermittent ventilatory support, presents a case study to illustrate key aspects of each type of support, and provides quick reference tables to assist acute care clinicians in managing this technology.
MicroRNA silencing through RISC recruitment of eIF6

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that act post-transcriptionally to regulate messenger RNA stability and translation. To elucidate how miRNAs mediate their repressive effects, we performed biochemical and functional assays to identify new factors in the miRNA pathway. Here we show that human RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) associates with a multiprotein complex containing MOV10--which is the homologue of Drosophila translational repressor Armitage--and proteins of the 60S ribosome subunit. Notably, this complex contains the anti-association factor eIF6 (also called ITGB4BP or p27BBP), a ribosome inhibitory protein known to prevent productive assembly of the 80S ribosome. Depletion of eIF6 in human cells specifically abrogates miRNA-mediated regulation of target protein and mRNA levels. Similarly, depletion of eIF6 in Caenorhabditis elegans diminishes lin-4 miRNA-mediated repression of the endogenous LIN-14 and LIN-28 target protein and mRNA levels. These results uncover an evolutionarily conserved function of the ribosome anti-association factor eIF6 in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional silencing.
Synthetic studies on palau’amine. Construction of the cyclopentane core via an asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

The cyclopentane core of palau'amine has been constructed in optically pure form through the use of an asymmetric azomethine ylid [1,3]-dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
AdWiki: Designing and implementing a socio-technical infrastructure for advising freshmen engineering students

Recent studies demonstrate that inadequate undergraduate advising often contributes to engineering students switching out of their majors. In this paper we present findings from a project undertaken to design and implement a web-based advising system for first-year engineering students. The advising system, AdWiki, has been accessed over 6425 times by over 1260 students since its full implementation. AdWiki was created to address three major issues in advising: (1) heavy faculty advising responsibility in the department, (2) lack of appropriate faculty rewards for time and effort spent on advising, and (3) inefficient uses of advising resources. Were recognized a need for a technology-based solution, one that was useful, usable, and sustainable. To achieve this objective, we turned to theoretical literature on the design and use of technology and approached our project through the socio-technical perspective. This perspective recommends a holistic and humanistic approach to design, where technology is just one element of a larger system. AdWiki has seen tremendous usage since full deployment, which we believe is a result of our approach. In this paper, we discuss our theory-guided approach to system design and present assessment and usage data to support our process and findings.
African American men as “criminal and dangerous”: Implications of media portrayals of crime on the “criminalization” of African American men

Tragic police shootings of innocent individuals assumed to be dangerous or criminal happen at an alarming rate, with several notable instances occurring in the last several years (Dvorak, 2001; Kelly, 2000; Staples, 2000). Why might an individual be mistakenly "assumed" to be threatening or violent? Naturally, a host of variables may play contributory roles in priming thoughts of danger or aggression, including age, dress, and gender, among others. Nevertheless, the frequency with which black men specifically have been the target of mistakenly placed police aggression speaks to the undeniable role that race plays in false assumptions of danger and criminality. Of course, the mistaken identification of individuals as potentially violent or dangerous is a phenomenon that is not isolated to law-enforcement circumstances. In contrast, this sort of situation is manifest in a variety of settings, including store clerks who keep a particularly keen eye on African American male customers who are targeted as potential shoplifters, and white women who clutch their pocketbooks more closely when in the presence of black men. Brent Staples, an African American writer for the New York Times, recalled his experiences with being the target of fear and mistrust when he was a graduate
Synthesis of (-)-ilimaquinone via a radical decarboxylation and quinone addition reaction.

A stereoselective synthesis of (−)-ilimaquinone (4) is presented. The synthetic strategy is based on a novel radical decarboxylation and quinone addition methodology that produces quinone 7 from reaction of thiohydroxamic acid derivative 8 with benzoquinone (9). Final functionalization of 7 to ilimaquinone (4) is achieved by exploring the electronic effects of the residual thiopyridyl group.
The subject is dead, long live the female subject!

If the model of the humanist subject (that self-sufficient agent of unique thought, speech and action) has been exploded by postmodern revision, what remains for feminists, still seeking a subjectivity of their own? To what degree has the humanist model of the subject eclipsed the feminine, and is it possible to reformulate a female subjectivity outside the masculine economy? Recent feminist philosophy suggests (partial) answers to the questions raised in the debate over women’s self-definition.
Field ionization mass spectrometry—IV. Isotopically labeled heptanals

The field ionization (FI) mass spectra of n-heptanal and a series of deuterium labeled analogs have been studied, with the objectives of initiating systematic investigations of reaction mechanisms of FI produced ions and to permit comprison with those found for other ionization processes. It is now recognized that FI ions have: (a) lower average internal energies and (b) shorter residence times than similar ions generated by electron-impact (EI), and the possibility exists of H/D-randomization occuring in ions formed by desorption from the emitter, by unimolecular decomposition close to the emitter and by either ‘fast’ or ‘slow’ metastable decompositions. In this study only the peak shifts of normal ions could be utilized; accurate mass measurements of all major ions revealed elemental compositions similar to EI. A site-specific McLafferty rearrangement gave the base peak at m/e 44 ([C2H4O]+.), although the apparently complementary ion at m/e 70 ([C5H10]+.) arose in a less specific process. Ions at m/e 43 ([C3H7]+) and 71 ([C5H11]+ 80%; [C4H7O]+ 20%) were apparantly generated without significant H/D-scrambling. Of special interest was the observation of the rearrangement ion at m/e 86 ([C5H10O]+.) caused by loss of C-2 and C-3 as C2H4, as found for EI. It is concluded that at least in this system, decomposing molecular ions formed: (a) in the gas phase extremely close to the emitter and/or (b) on the emitter surface, have lifetimes sufficiently short to preclude complete H/D randomization. The results also provide evidence for common fragmentation mechanisms for heptanal molecular ions at both the low end and the high end of the energy distribution.
Colposcopy—What Is It?

Colposcopy is a gynecologic diagnostic procedure permitting visualization of the cervix under bright light and magnification. It is used to assess changes in the surface patterns of lesions as well as changes in capillary networks. Colposcopy, in America, has recently experienced a rebirth, being used extensively in the evaluation of patients with abnormal cytologic smears. The value of colposcopy und treatment modulities which have emerged as a result of colposcopy, as well as the technique of the examination and implications for nursing, are discussed in this article.
Cellulose acetate biodegradability upon exposure to simulated aerobic composting and anaerobic bioreactor environments

Cellulose acetate (CA) films with degree of substitution (d.s.) values of 1.7 and 2.5 were exposed to biologically active in-laboratory composting test vessels maintained at approximately 53 °C. The CA 1.7- and 2.5-d.s. films (thickness values of ∼0.5–1.0 and 2.0 mil, respectively) had completely disappeared by the end of 7- and 18-day exposure time periods in the biologically active bioreactors, respectively. The relatively small CA film weight loss observed in the poisoned control test vessels allows the conclusion that CA film erosion during the composting exposures resulted, at least in part, from biologically mediated processes. Under strictly anaerobic conditions, an active methanogenic inoculum was developed by acclimation of a sewage sludge to a synthetic municipal solid waste (SMSW) mixture at 42°C. The CA 1.7-d.s. film samples (0.5- to 1.0-mil thickness) were exposed in anaerobic serum bottles containing a 25% solids loading of SMSW in which methanogenic activity was rapidly established after introducing of the developed inoculum. For exposures of 30 days only small visually distinguishable fragments of the CA 1.7-d.s. films were recovered. In contrast, exposure of the CA 1.7-d.s. film to a poisoned control test vessel resulted in negligible weight loss. Therefore, degradation of the CA 1.7-d.s. films upon exposure to the anaerobic bioreactors was due, at least in part, to biologically mediated processes.
Page description language to bitmap rasterization using optical imaging memory

In this paper, a technique to convert page description language (PDL) code to a bitmap color image using an optical image memory is discussed. The technique is useful in developing a low cost PDL compatible high resolution graphic printing device for desktop publishing applications. The optical image memory in this discussion is a raster scan addressable device which is write-only in the sense of electrical digital access, and its content is continually accessible by an analog optical mean. Utilizing the low cost optical image memory, the algorithm can rasterize PDL code without large amounts of expensive digital image frame memory. Since the optical image memory is a raster scan addressable device, the rasterization ofeach pixel ofthe color image must be done within the access time of each pixel writing. Some novel techniques are introduced in this algorithm. System development, performance analysis, and the application of the algorithm will be presented.
THE PSYCHOTHERAPY OF A PAIR OF PSYCHOTIC IDENTICAL TWINS IN A RESIDENTIAL SETTING

Twins present a unique opportunity to study many aspects of psychopathology and its genesis. A number of recent articles on this subject have emphasized the psychological development in twins. This paper will develop suggestions for the treatment of psychotic twins based on one element of the twinning reaction: fusion of identity. Leonard (1961) stresses the intertwin identification as a factor in the development of the psychopathology. The constant close association of the twins leads to a fusion of identities which eventually resembles the primary identification seen between mother and child. In the motherchild relationship, the constant association allows the child to imitate the mother and thereby begin maturation. With the relationship between the twins as primary, the imitative process represents a closed circuit and precludes maturation: the twins are thus arrested in their development. One possible positive contribution noted by Gardner and Rexford (I 952) of the identification between twins is the development of enough relationship to avoid the production of a purely autistic state. The therapeutic efforts, however, should be directed at interrupting this circuit and substituting a more appropriate relationship for each twin, leading to their further maturation and developmen t.
Protein modeling using hidden Markov models: analysis of globins

The authors apply hidden Markov models to the problem of statistical modeling and multiple sequence alignment of protein families. A variant of the expectation maximization algorithm known as the Viterbi algorithm is used to obtain the statistical model from the unaligned sequences. In a detailed series of experiments, they have taken 400 unaligned globin sequences, and produced a statistical model entirely automatically from the primary sequences. The authors used no prior knowledge of globin structure. Using this model, a multiple alignment of the 400 sequences and 225 other globin sequences was obtained that agrees almost perfectly with a structural alignment by D. Bashford et al. (1987). This model can also discriminate all these 625 globins from nonglobin protein sequences with greater than 99% accuracy, and can thus be used for database searches. >
Economic Impact of Investments in Bicycle Facilities: Case Study of North Carolina’s Northern Outer Banks

The northern Outer Banks coastal area in North Carolina is well suited to drawing bicycle tourism because of its geography, climate, and attractions. In 2003, the North Carolina Department of Transportation commissioned a study to examine the value of public investment in bicycle facilities that have been constructed in this area over the past 10 years at a cost of approximately $6.7 million. A particular challenge in conducting this study was that tourists visited the Outer Banks for a variety of reasons, not just for cycling. Thus, the collection of information on the amount and nature of bicycling activity and on the spending patterns of bicyclists in the area was critical for the development of an economic impact analysis. Researchers surveyed cyclists using the bicycle facilities (shared-use paths and wide paved shoulders) and obtained data from self-administered surveys of tourists at visitor centers during the primary tourist season. The data collected were then used to determine the economic impact of bicycling visitors to the area. Seventeen percent of tourists to the area reported that they bicycled while there; this translates to 680,000 people annually. The economic impact of bicycling visitors is significant: a conservative annual estimate is $60 million, with 1,407 jobs created or supported per year. This is almost nine times greater than the one-time expenditure required to construct the facilities. Continued investment in bicycle facilities is expected to increase this favorable economic impact and is therefore recommended.
On Iterative Regularization and Its Application

Many existing techniques for image restoration can be expressed in terms of minimizing a particular cost function. Iterative regularization methods are a novel variation on this theme where the cost function is not fixed, but rather refined iteratively at each step. This provides an unprecedented degree of control over the tradeoff between the bias and variance of the image estimate, which can result in improved overall estimation error. This useful property, along with the provable convergence properties of the sequence of estimates produced by these iterative regularization methods lend themselves to a variety of useful applications. In this paper, we introduce a general set of iterative regularization methods, discuss some of their properties and applications, and include examples to illustrate them.
A ZYG-12-dynein interaction at the nuclear envelope defines cytoskeletal architecture in the C. elegans gonad.

Changes in cellular microtubule organization often accompany developmental progression. In the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, the centrosome, which is attached to the nucleus via ZYG-12, organizes the microtubule network. In this study, we investigate ZYG-12 function and microtubule organization before embryo formation in the gonad. Surprisingly, ZYG-12 is dispensable for centrosome attachment in the germline. However, ZYG-12–mediated recruitment of dynein to the nuclear envelope is required to maintain microtubule organization, membrane architecture, and nuclear positioning within the syncytial gonad. We examined γ-tubulin localization and microtubule regrowth after depolymerization to identify sites of nucleation in germ cells. γ-Tubulin localizes to the plasma membrane in addition to the centrosome, and regrowth initiates at both sites. Because we do not observe organized microtubules around zyg-12(ct350) mutant nuclei with attached centrosomes, we propose that gonad architecture, including membrane and nuclear positioning, is determined by microtubule nucleation at the plasma membrane combined with tension on the microtubules by dynein anchored at the nucleus by ZYG-12.