cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic Testing of Tight Zones in Southeastern New Mexico

Increased attention is being directed toward the investigation of tight zones in relation to the storage and disposal of hazardous wastes. Shut-in tests, slug tests, and pressure-slug tests are being used at the proposed Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site, located in southeastern New Mexico, to evaluate the fluid-transmitting properties of several zones above the proposed repository zone. Apparatus used to conduct these tests includes a pressure-transducer system connected to a recording device at the land surface. All three testing methods were used in various combinations to obtain values for the hydraulic properties of the test zones. Multiple testing on the same zone produced similar results. Transmissivities determined by these tests range from 0.00001 to 10 feet squared per day (.000001 to 1 meter squared per day).
Nonparametric methods for the identification of linear parameter varying systems

In this paper, we consider the identification of linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. By taking a nonparametric approach, we do not impose a priori parameterizations on the model structure, nor is it assumed that a natural parameterization is suggested from an analytical understanding of the underlying process. In this case, it is shown that the LPV identification problem reduces to a closely related problem in nonlinear system identification. By referring to previous results, we offer a dispersion-based cost criterion and a sufficient condition on the exogenous parameter under which asymptotic convergence of the identified LPV system is assured almost surely.
Creep properties and precipitate evolution in Al-Li alloys microalloyed with Sc and Yb

Abstract A dilute Al–Sc alloy (Al–0.12 Sc, at.%, Al–Sc), its counterpart with a Li addition (Al–2.9 Li–0.11 Sc, at.%, Al–Li–Sc), as well as a quaternary alloy (Al–5.53 Li–0.048 Sc–0.009 Yb, at.%, Al–Li–Sc–Yb) were isothermally aged at 325 °C, and in some cases isochronally aged to 450 °C. As the α′-Al 3 (Li,Sc) and Al 3 (Li,Sc,Yb) precipitates, with L1 2 structure, coarsen in the two Li-containing alloys, their Li and Yb concentrations decrease and their Sc concentration increases. A significant interfacial excess of Li also segregates at the α-Al matrix/α′-Al 3 Sc(Li,Sc,Yb) precipitate interface: 5.99 ± 0.05 atoms nm −2 in Al–Li–Sc and 13.2 ± 0.4 atoms nm −2 in Al–Li–Sc–Yb after aging isochronally to 450 °C. During compression creep at 300 °C, the aged alloys exhibit threshold stresses between 8 and 22 MPa. A recent threshold stress model based on elastic interactions between dislocations and precipitates predicts correctly that Li additions in the Al–Li–Sc alloy reduce the threshold stress, while Yb in the Al–Li–Sc–Yb alloy increases it. The model is also in agreement with the threshold stresses of all Al–Sc–X alloys published to date.
Emotional Intelligence and Sociocognitive Skills in Collaborative Teaching and Learning.

This chapter explores emotional intelligence as the glue that binds people together regardless of cultural differences.
Antecedentes, desarrollo y situación actual de la robótica en cirugía

Robotic is an antique concep. The first robots used in surgery were precise path systems in the 80's. Stereotactic neurosurgery was the first field applying this devices. Based on these more complex devices were built: AESOP and Endoassist help the surgeon during the surgery. The surgical assistant will not fatigue and there will be no tremor of the camera. Finally the master-slave devices were developed. They are the most commenly used all around the world. They are involved many types surgery in. To evaluate the cost-effectiviness of robotics in surgery is our responsability. Robotics provides many advantages but also has a few disadvantages including expense.
Building High-Performing Human-Like Tactical Agents Through Observation and Experience

This paper describes a two-phase approach for automating the agent-building process when the agent is to perform tactical tasks. The research is inspired by how humans learn-first by observation of a teacher's performance and then by practicing the performance themselves. The objectives of this approach are to produce a high-performing agent that 1) approaches or exceeds the proficiency of a human and 2) does so in a human-like manner. We accomplish these objectives by combining observational learning with experiential learning. These processes are executed sequentially, with the former creating a competent but somewhat limited human-like model from scratch, and the latter improving its performance without significantly eroding its human-like qualities. The process is described in detail, and test results confirming our hypothesis are described.
Embedded intelligent SRAM

Many embedded systems use a simple pipelined RISC processor for computation and an on-chip SRAM for data storage. We present an enhancement called Intelligent SRAM (ISRAM) that consists of a small computation unit with an accumulator that is placed near the on-chip SRAM. The computation unit can perform operations on two words from the same SRAM row or on one word from the SRAM and the other from the accumulator. This ISRAM enhancement requires only a few additional instructions to support the computation unit. We present a computation partitioning algorithm that assigns the computations to the processor or to the new computation unit for a given data flow graph of the program. Performance improvement comes from the reduction in the number of accesses to the SRAM, the number of instructions, and the number of pipeline stalls compared to the same operations in the processor. The experimental results on various benchmarks show up to 1.48 performance speedup with our enhancement.
Targeting Single Neuronal Networks for Gene Expression and Cell Labeling In Vivo

To understand fine-scale structure and function of single mammalian neuronal networks, we developed and validated a strategy to genetically target and trace monosynaptic inputs to a single neuron in vitro and in vivo. The strategy independently targets a neuron and its presynaptic network for specific gene expression and fine-scale labeling, using single-cell electroporation of DNA to target infection and monosynaptic retrograde spread of a genetically modifiable rabies virus. The technique is highly reliable, with transsynaptic labeling occurring in every electroporated neuron infected by the virus. Targeting single neocortical neuronal networks in vivo, we found clusters of both spiny and aspiny neurons surrounding the electroporated neuron in each case, in addition to intricately labeled distal cortical and subcortical inputs. This technique, broadly applicable for probing and manipulating single neuronal networks with single-cell resolution in vivo, may help shed new light on fundamental mechanisms underlying circuit development and information processing by neuronal networks throughout the brain.
What Cultural Theorists of Religion Have to Learn from Wittgenstein; Or, How to Read Geertz as a Practice Theorist

Amid the debates over the meaning and usefulness of the word “culture” during the 1980s and 1990s, practice theory emerged as a framework for analysis and criticism in cultural anthropology. Although theorists have gradually begun to explore practice-oriented frameworks as promising vistas in cultural anthropology and the study of religion, these remain relatively recent developments that stand to be historically explicated and conceptually refined. This article assesses several ways that practice theory has been articulated by some of its chief expositors and critics, and places these developments in conversation with comparable accounts of “social practices” by recent pragmatist philosophers. My aim in generating such a conversation is to illuminate the ways that Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later work provides important resources for cultural analysis that are already implicit in practice theory, yet either frequently overlooked or dismissed by practice theorists. I demonstrate how a Wittgensteinian understanding of practice theory coheres with, and illuminates, Clifford Geertz’s account of meaning, thick description, and religious practices. Reading Geertz as a practice theorist, I argue, helps alleviate the apparent
Improving energy literacy among middle school youth with project-based learning pedagogies

Energy literacy was measured among a sample of middle school students (n=865) before (pre) and after (post) their middle-level physical science course using a written quantitative questionnaire developed for this research. Overall, students demonstrated significant cognitive gains, with no significant change in their energy-related affect, self-efficacy, or behavior scores. A sub-set of students who participated in project-based energy curricula demonstrated greater cognitive gains, particularly on items that related to topics that were more practical and related to everyday life. One group of project-oriented students who were academically challenged demonstrated significant gains on every non-cognitive subscale score. Qualitative outcomes indicate that most project-oriented students thought more about their energy consumption and made a greater effort to conserve energy, after studying energy in school. They also reportedly talked more with their families about saving energy, felt more strongly about saving energy, developing and using renewable energy resources. The findings underscore the complex relationship between knowledge, affect, and behavior, confirming that energy-related behaviors are more strongly related to affect than to knowledge, and support the benefits of project-based instruction for improving students' broad energy literacy.
Acute Ethanol Intoxication Suppresses Lung Chemokine Production following Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Alcohol intoxication impairs neutrophil function and increases host susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae. In a rat model of pneumonia, the effects of acute intoxication were monitored for lung chemokine responses, neutrophil recruitment, and bactericidal activity. Alcohol delayed lung neutrophil recruitment, increased bacterial burden, and decreased survival. Before neutrophil recruitment, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) were decreased by alcohol. This alcohol-induced effect was reversed at 6 h, when there were large numbers of neutrophils in control BAL fluid, compared with the alcohol-treated group. Cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia decreased neutrophil recruitment, minimizing the effects of recruited neutrophils on chemokine levels, and extended the alcohol-induced chemokine suppression. MIP-2 and CINC mRNA contents also were suppressed by alcohol 4 and 6 h after infection. Thus, alcohol suppresses lung chemokine activity in response to S. pneumoniae, which is associated with delayed neutrophil delivery, elevated bacterial burden, and increased mortality.
Engineering in the K-12 classroom: a partnership that works

Recently funded by the National Science Foundation as an engineering "GK-12" program, the GK-12 Fellows program at the University of Colorado at Boulder explores innovative ways for engineering graduate students to provide in-class public K-12 instruction in engineering, technology and physical sciences. Engineering "Fellows" fill a crucial gap in a two-way exchange of content and pedagogy between the College of Engineering and Applied Science, and the K-12 community of learners. Working through the University's graduate program legitimizes K-12 outreach as a a valid, and satisfying academic endeavor for graduate students.
Pilonidal disease in a military population: how far have we really come?

Abstract Background Pilonidal disease (PD) has a long connection with military personnel, even nicknamed “jeep disease” during World War II. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with recurrence and complications after surgery in a military population. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of operative therapy for PD at a single institution from 2005 to 2011 was conducted. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and surgical methods were assessed for the primary outcomes of recurrence and morbidity. Results A total of 151 patients with PD were identified, who underwent excision (45.7%), excision with primary closure (29.8%), and incision and drainage (9.9%). Overall recurrence and morbidity rates were 27.2% and 34.4%, respectively. Black race, chronic disease, wound infection, and infection and drainage were associated with recurrence (P Conclusions PD remains a significant source of morbidity and recurrence among military personnel. Certain patient-related and disease-related factors portend a worse prognosis, with black race and operative method the strongest predictors of outcomes.
Sign-out snapshot: cross-sectional evaluation of written sign-outs among specialties

Background Sign-out is the process (written, verbal or both) by which one clinical team transmits information about patients to another team. Poor quality sign-outs are associated with adverse events and delayed treatment. How different specialties approach written sign-outs is unknown. Objective To compare written sign-out practices across specialties and to determine consistency of content, format and timeliness. Methods The authors evaluated all non-Intensive Care Unit written sign-outs from five inpatient specialties on 18 January 2012, at Yale-New Haven Hospital, focusing on content elements, format style and whether the sign-outs had been updated within 24 h. In our institution, all specialties used a single standardised sign-out template, which was built into the electronic medical record. Results The final cohort included 457 sign-outs: 313 medicine, 64 general surgery, 36 paediatrics, 30 obstetrics, and 14 gynaecology. Though nearly all sign-outs (96%) had been updated within 24 h, they frequently lacked key information. Hospital course prevalence ranged from 57% (gynaecology) to 100% (paediatrics) (p<0.001). Clinical condition prevalence ranged from 34% (surgery) to 72% (paediatrics) (p=0.005). Conclusions Specialties have varied sign-out practices, and thus structured templates alone do not guarantee inclusion of critical content. Sign-outs across specialties often lacked complex clinical information such as clinical condition, anticipatory guidance and overnight tasks.
Stabilized dispersive focal plane systems for space

As the costs of space missions continue to rise, the demand for compact, low mass, low-cost technologies that maintain high reliability and facilitate high performance is increasing. One such technology is the stabilized dispersive focal plane system (SDFPS). This technology provides image stabilization while simultaneously delivering spectroscopic or direct imaging functionality using only a single optical path and detector. Typical systems require multiple expensive optical trains and/or detectors, sometimes at the expense of photon throughput. The SDFPS is ideal for performing wide-field low-resolution space-based spectroscopic and direct-imaging surveys. In preparation for a suborbital flight, we have built and ground tested a prototype SDFPS that will concurrently eliminate unwanted image blurring due to the lack of adequate platform stability, while producing images in both spectroscopic and direct-imaging modes. We present the overall design, testing results, and potential scientific applications.
Sulfur-Containing Malodorant Vapors Enhance Responsiveness to the Sensory Irritant Capsaicin

The nose is innervated with both odor responsive olfactory (cranial nerve I) and irritant responsive trigeminal (cranial nerve V) nerves. The nature and extent of any interactions between these two nerves is poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to determine if two sulfur-containing malodorants, ethyl sulfide and t-butyl sulfide, modulated responsiveness to the trigeminal C fiber stimulant capsaicin using female C57B1/6J mice as an experimental model. Cessation or marked slowing of flow at the onset of each expiration (termed braking) was used as a biomarker for trigeminal nerve stimulation. Aerosolized capsaicin solutions (100 μg/ml) increased the time of braking from baseline levels of 8 ms to an average of 69 ms. At an exposure concentration of 100 ppm the malodorants induced only a minimal time of braking response (< 35 ms); the time of braking response in animals exposed to either malodorant plus capsaicin was 2.5-fold greater than in animals exposed to capsaicin alone (p < 0.01). In a subsequent experiment the time of breaking response to capsaicin was doubled (281 vs. 146 ms) by concomitant exposure to a no effect level of ethyl sulfide (11 ppm) and the modulation of capsaicin responsiveness was nearly abolished by inclusion of the adenosine antagonist theophylline in the aerosol formulation (time of braking 184 ms, p ≥ 0.05 compared with capsaicin alone). These results suggest trigeminal nerve responsiveness is enhanced by exposure to malodorants through a theophylline-sensitive paracrine signaling pathway between olfactory and trigeminal nerves.
Experiences with Obtaining Informed Consent for Genomic Sequencing

Despite the increased utilization of genome and exome sequencing, little is known about the actual content and process of informed consent for sequencing. We addressed this by interviewing 29 genetic counselors and research coordinators experienced in obtaining informed consent for sequencing in research and clinical settings. Interviews focused on the process and content of informed consent; patients/participants' common questions, concerns and misperceptions; and challenges to obtaining informed consent. Content analysis of transcribed interviews revealed that the main challenges to obtaining consent related to the broad scope and uncertainty of results, and patient/participants' unrealistic expectations about the likely number and utility of results. Interviewees modified their approach to sessions according to contextual issues surrounding the indication for testing, type of patient, and timing of testing. With experience, most interviewees structured sessions to place less emphasis on standard elements in the consent form and technological aspects of sequencing. They instead focused on addressing misperceptions and helping patients/participants develop realistic expectations about the types and implications of possible results, including secondary findings. These findings suggest that informed consent sessions should focus on key issues that may be misunderstood by patients/participants. Future research should address the extent to which various stakeholders agree on key elements of informed consent.
Lazy localization using the Frozen-Time Smoother

We present a new algorithm for solving the global localization problem called Frozen-Time Smoother (FTS). Time is 'frozen', in the sense that the belief always refers to the same time instant, instead of following a moving target, like Monte Carlo Localization does. This algorithm works in the case in which global localization is formulated as a smoothing problem, and a precise estimate of the incremental motion of the robot is usually available. These assumptions correspond to the case when global localization is used to solve the loop closing problem in SLAM. We compare FTS to two Monte Carlo methods designed with the same assumptions. The experiments suggest that a naive implementation of the FTS is more efficient than an extremely optimized equivalent Monte Carlo solution. Moreover, the FTS has an intrinsic laziness: it does not need frequent updates (scans can be integrated once every many meters) and it can process data in arbitrary order. The source code and datasets are available for download.
Rainbow Vectors for Broad-Range Bacterial Fluorescence Labeling

Since their discovery, fluorescent proteins have been widely used to study protein function, localization or interaction, promoter activity and regulation, drug discovery or for non-invasive imaging. They have been extensively modified to improve brightness, stability, and oligomerization state. However, only a few studies have focused on understanding the dynamics of fluorescent proteins expression in bacteria. In this work, we developed a set plasmids encoding 12 fluorescent proteins for bacterial labeling to facilitate the study of pathogen-host interactions. These broad-spectrum plasmids can be used with a wide variety of Gram-negative microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Shigella flexneri or Klebsiella pneumoniae. For comparison, fluorescent protein expression and physical characteristics in Escherichia coli were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and in vivo imaging. Fluorescent proteins derived from the Aequorea Victoria family showed high photobleaching, while proteins form the Discosoma sp. and the Fungia coccina family were more photostable for microscopy applications. Only E2-Crimson, mCherry and mKeima were successfully detected for in vivo applications. Overall, E2-Crimson was the fastest maturing protein tested in E. coli with the best overall performance in the study parameters. This study provides a unified comparison and comprehensive characterization of fluorescent protein photostability, maturation and toxicity, and offers general recommendations on the optimal fluorescent proteins for in vitro and in vivo applications.
Modeling of Acoustic Streaming for Micro-Air Vehicle Propulsion and Flow Control

The study examines the capability of several inviscid analytical and numerical models to predict the acoustic streaming phenomenon and related micro-jet thrust generation process in a resonator cavity with an orifice and a vibrating diaphragm. In particular, a low-order integral technique is presented for calculating the spatial and temporal development of flow fluctuations. Results are presented with the objective to better understand the physics involved and to develop criteria for optimal cavity operating conditions producing maximum thrust. A good qualitative comparison with available experimental data is demonstrated.
The Interrelationships of Hypera Brunneipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Bathyplectes Curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Southern California

Hypera brunneipennis, the Egyptian alfalfa weevil, is now found in southern California in three of the four major alfalfa-producing valleys of the California desert and over much of the south coastal plain. It is attacked in these areas by a Palaearctic ichneumonid, Bathyplectes curculionis, which was originally colonized on this weevil at Yuma, Arizona, and apparently has spread with it in bales of alfalfa hay transported to market, and by natural means. The parasite destroys about one-third of the weevil population annually in the coastal areas, but is of little significance in the desert valleys. Partial immunity, effected through the lethal action of the weevil blood on the parasite's eggs, prevents parasitism by B. curculionis from reaching significantly higher proportions. The parasites originally colonized were obtained from a related alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, and the partial immunity of H. brunneipennis indicates that the strain of B. curculionis found in southern California is not fully adapted to the latter host. Individual larvae of H. brunneipennis appear to have limited ability to inactivate eggs of this parasite, so that in superparasitized larvae one or more of the supernumerary eggs may escape encapsulation. It is anticipated that a fully adapted strain of B. curculionis will be sought from H. brunneipennis in the Near East.
DC Plasma Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Ceramic Powders

A novel Triple DC Torch Plasma Reactor (TTPR) has been developed for the plasma synthesis of fine ceramic powders. The reactor consists of three identical plasma torches. The plasma jets from these torches form a converging plasma volume into which the starting powder is fed. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations have been performed for predicting the behavior of an aluminum-nitrogen system. Aluminum nitride has been synthesized by using the TTPR operating in the non-transferred mode. Product characterizations indicate that single hexagonal phase AIN ceramic powder has been obtained.
A group B analogue of subgroup A 3 .

A rare agglutinogen characterized by only partial agglutination of the erythrocytes with anti-B (or group O) sera, failure to agglutinate with anti-A, and strong agglutination with anti-H ( Ulex europeus ) has been found in a male Negro donor and his mother. Their sera contained anti-A but not anti-B, and the anti-A titers could be increased by injections of blood group substance A. The donor and his mother were both nonsecretors. As this very rare subgroup appears to be the analogue of subgroup A3, it is designated B3 and its corresponding allelic gene as B 3.
3D Perception for Autonomous Robot Exploration

We propose an online 3D sensor-based algorithm for autonomous robot exploration in an indoor setting. Our algorithm consists of two modules, a proactive open space detection module, and a reactive obstacle avoidance module. The former, which is the primary contribution of the paper, is responsible for guiding the robot towards meaningful open spaces based on high level navigation goals. This generally translates to identifying open doors or corridor vanishing points in a typical indoor setting. The latter is a necessary component that enables safe autonomous exploration by preventing the robot from colliding with objects along the moving path. Assuming a 3D range sensor is mounted on the robot, it continues to scan and acquire signal from its surroundings as it explores in an unknown environment. From each 3D scan, the two modules function cooperatively to identify any open spaces and obstacles within the generated point cloud using robust geometric estimation methods. Combination of the two modules provides the basic capability of a autonomous robot to explore an unknown environment freely. Experimental results with the proposed algorithm on both real world and simulated data are promising.
Of resilience, vulnerability, and a woman who never lived.

One day we may be able to say with some degree of confidence that Factor A over a certain level + Factor B over a certain level + Factor C under a certain level + Factor X will produce Y level of functioning in domain X- in about 80% of cases. Despite advances in our knowledge about the influence of various protective and risk factors in development, health, and functioning, however, we still have good reason to remain humble. This article examines some of the advances and some of the problems in the study of resilience and vulnerability in children and adolescents.
A Real-Time Programmable Pulsatile Flow Pump for In Vitro Cardiovascular Experimentation

Benchtop in vitro experiments are valuable tools for investigating the cardiovascular system and testing medical devices. Accurate reproduction of the physiologic flow waveforms at various anatomic locations is an important component of these experimental methods. This study discusses the design, construction, and testing of a low-cost and fully programmable pulsatile flow pump capable of continuously producing unlimited cycles of physiologic waveforms. It consists of a gear pump actuated by an AC servomotor and a feedback algorithm to achieve highly accurate reproduction of flow waveforms for flow rates up to 300 ml/s across a range of loading conditions. The iterative feedback algorithm uses the flow error values in one iteration to modify the motor control waveform for the next iteration to better match the desired flow. Within four to seven iterations of feedback, the pump replicated desired physiologic flow waveforms to within 2% normalized RMS error (for flow rates above 20 mL/s) under varying downstream impedances. This pump device is significantly more affordable (∼10% of the cost) than current commercial options. More importantly, the pump can be controlled via common scientific software and thus easily implemented into large automation frameworks.
Cristae remodeling causes acidification detected by integrated graphene sensor during mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization

The intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the resultant mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) via BAK and BAX oligomerization, cytochrome c (cytc) release, and caspase activation are well studied, but their effect on cytosolic pH is poorly understood. Using isolated mitochondria, we show that MOMP results in acidification of the surrounding medium. BAK conformational changes associated with MOMP activate the OMA1 protease to cleave OPA1 resulting in remodeling of the cristae and release of the highly concentrated protons within the cristae invaginations. This was revealed by utilizing a nanomaterial graphene as an optically clear and ultrasensitive pH sensor that can measure ionic changes induced by tethered mitochondria. With this platform, we have found that activation of mitochondrial apoptosis is accompanied by a gradual drop in extra-mitochondrial pH and a decline in membrane potential, both of which can be rescued by adding exogenous cytc. These findings have importance for potential pharmacological manipulation of apoptosis, in the treatment of cancer.
Cancer Genetics in the Clinic: The Challenges and Responsibilities of Counseling and Treating Women at Risk

Genetic counseling is the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. This process integrates:
â€œBut Iâ€™m Just Their Teacher-Why Should I Care?â€: The Effects of a Caring-Centered Environment in the Literacy Achievement of ELLs

A caring-centered ethic should exist in the multicultural classroom throughout a studentsâ€™ academic career (Pompa, 2006). This paper will explore the concept of caring-centered communities and define what a caring-centered multicultural classroom looks like. The latter part of the paper reviews the impact that a caring-centered environment has on literacy achievement of English Language Learners (ELLs) and professional development for caring-centered multicultural education will be examined.
Acetabular Placement Accuracy With the Direct Anterior Approach Freehand Technique.

Abstract Background Acetabular cup placement in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been recognized as an important factor in operative success, and accurate cup placement has been the impetus for novel medical technologies. Methods This article examines the cup placement in 955 THAs using a freehand Direct Anterior Approach on a standard operating table. Acetabular anteversion and inclination were determined using the circle theorem. Measurements were divided into safe zone placement determined by Callanan et al as 5°-25° for anteversion and 30°-45° for inclination, as well as by Lewinnek et al as 5°-25° for anteversion and 30°-50° for inclination. Dislocation rate was determined and correlated to safe zone placement. Results Although technology has advanced for cup placement, this investigation shows that a freehand technique demonstrates 0.31% dislocation after THA with an accuracy of 85% for the Lewinnek safe zone and 61% for Callanan, potentially because of the sparing of the posterior hip capsule. Conclusion The direct anterior approach to the hip on a regular operating table is safe and reliable. Our results demonstrate improvement in cup positioning compared with other freehand techniques. Surgeon awareness and control of the position of the pelvis within space optimizes acetabular component accuracy and precision without the need for special equipment, such as intraoperative fluoroscopy.
Microscale calorimetric device for determining reaction parameters

Abstract Two microscale calorimeter designs based on nanohole array sensors are described. These devices use significantly less compound, are significantly smaller and require less time to perform calorimetric experiments which make them attractive to the drug discovery process. They also have the potential for high throughput screening which would provide key information earlier in the drug discovery process and for multiplexing experiments. The described device is a departure from the calorimeters, ITC and DSC, currently being used. The devices tested were used to measure the thermodynamic property, Enthalpy of reaction or dilution, using the observed change in the extraordinary optical transmission, EOT, through a nanohole array sensor. Experiments that confirm that the observed EOT changes are related to the thermal effects of the reaction are provided. Preliminary results indicate that the device can determine the concentration changes in a water-ethanol dilution experiment and the Enthalpy of dilution to within 1.3%. A relative comparison of the enthalpy of reaction at different reactant concentrations for the co-flow configuration of the device are within 5% of those predicted using literature values. Means of processing the observed EOT to eliminate unwanted fringe behaviors are discussed and illustrate the close agreement between thermistor and EOT thermal responses.
Michigan's Local Leaders Generally Support Detroit Bankruptcy Filing Despite Some Concerns

This report presents Michigan local government leaders’ opinions regarding issues surrounding municipal bankruptcies in general, as well as the city of Detroit’s bankruptcy specifically. The findings in this report are based on a statewide survey of local government leaders in the Fall 2013 wave of the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS).
Prevalence of Sexual Assault Victimization Among College Men, Aged 18-24: A Review.

Purpose: The current review provides summary and evaluation of prevalence data for the sexual victimization of college men ages 18 – 24. Methods: Potential studies were selected by searching electr...
Long-term field investigation and modeling of electricity end-use patterns in hotel guest rooms

Abstract This paper presents the results of a long-term, detailed electricity end-use analysis of hotel guest rooms in order to provide a better understanding of the electricity use patterns in guest rooms and their explanatory factors. To accomplish this, a one-year of sub-hourly electricity measurements for an entire floor and major electricity end uses of fourteen guest rooms in a case-study hotel in Washington, D.C. were analyzed along with coincident weather and occupancy data collection. A regression analysis was performed on the monthly and daily end-use electricity data to identify key variables affecting different electricity end uses of the guest rooms. As a result, it was found that a regression model with a single temperature variable did not fully describe the electricity use behaviors of hotel guest rooms. The addition of the occupancy variable significantly improved the model fit for both monthly and daily total floor electricity use and was statistically significant. A review of the electricity end uses showed strong correlations between outdoor temperature and the electricity end uses for space conditioning, especially the DOAS unit and the VRF outdoor unit. However, for other end uses such as plug loads, lighting, and the VRF indoor units, the observed correlations to outdoor temperature were not significant but were moderately correlated to occupancy.
Assessing mental health in Vietnam with the Personality Assessment Inventory: Cross-cultural comparability

This study examined the cross-cultural comparability of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI: Morey, 1991) in Vietnam, employing a sample of 128 nonclinical Vietnamese native speakers and 53 b...
Learning Styles Research: Understanding how Teaching Should be Impacted by the Way Learners Learn:

This article examines the important connections between how well students learn new information in response to the classroom environment and social interaction among learners and teachers. Educatio...
Micromechanical Broadband Infrared Sensors based on Piezoelectric Bending Resonators

There is a high demand for high-performance and low-cost uncooled infrared (IR) detectors. In order to meet this need we are investigating the use of MEMS piezoelectric resonator technology using aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films. Recent research has shown that piezoelectric resonators have the potential to be used as a core element for highly sensitive, low-noise, and lowpower uncooled IR detectors. A novel design of an AlN IR sensor based on piezoelectric bending resonator is described and analyzed in this paper. The detector is constructed by using thermally mismatched materials which stress the resonator and shift the resonance frequency. The IR thermal input is sensed by monitoring the frequency shift induced by the in-plan thermal stress. These designs have the potential for very high sensitivity and are compatible with commercially viable CMOS fabrication technology.
Diskrete Wavelet-Transformation

In der Fourieranalyse betrachtet man auch Entwicklungen von Funktionen nach anderen Basen als solche aus Exponential- oder trigonometrischen Funktionen. Unser Ziel ist es, zu jeder speziellen Funktionenklasse die „Wellenformen“ der Basis adaptiv zu wahlen, so das die Koeffizienten der Entwicklung eine maximale Information uber die Funktionen liefern. Fur die Auswahl dieser Basen ist es notwendig, einige mathematische Eigenschaften der Wellenformen, wie Grose, Glattheit, Orthogonalitat und Trager, zu bestimmen. Einige dieser Eigenschaften werden am besten mit klassischen Methoden, wie zum Beispiel der Fouriertransformation, untersucht.
The Oncogenes of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens and Agrobacterium Rhizogenes

The common soil bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes are unique genetic pathogens capable of fundamentally redirecting plant metabolism in order to generate macroscopic tissue masses (crown galls and hairy roots, respectively) which support the growth of large populations of Agrobacteria. Central to pathogenesis is the horizontal transfer of a suite of oncogenes from the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids of A. tumefaciens and the root-inducing (Ri) plasmids of A. rhizogenes into the plant cell genome. These oncogenes alter the synthesis, perception and/or transport of phytohormones in planta, leading to the development of the crown gall and hairy root structures from single genetically transformed plant cells. Crown galls and hairy roots become effective sinks that divert plant resources to produce opine compounds that can only be metabolized by the infecting strain of Agrobacterium. The basic genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying A. tumefaciens tumorigenesis were initially described over 20 years ago, with the characterization of the ipt, iaaM and iaaH oncogenes. However, the simplistic San Marcos, CA 92096, USA Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, 524 Monica T. Britton, Matthew A. Escobar and Abhaya M. Dandekar view of crown gall development as solely a function of ipt-driven cytokinin synthesis and iaaM/iaaH-driven auxin synthesis has recently given way to a more nuanced understanding of the roles of secondary oncogenes in modulating hormone perception and the complex hormone activation cascade in crown galls involving ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. The biochemistry and functional significance of specific oncogenes in A. rhizogenesmediated hairy root development is less well understood, but recent work has substantially increased our understanding of the A. rhizogenes oncogenes, especially the rol genes. Expression of the rolA, B and C oncogenes in planta induces a subtle interaction with endogenous plant signal transduction pathways and transcription factors, affecting the local concentrations of several classes of plant hormones. These interactions lead to de novo meristem formation in transformed cells, with subsequent differentiation depending on the local hormone balance. This process most often results in the induction of highly branched non-geotropic adventitious roots, the “hairy root” phenotype. Further dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying Agrobacterium pathogenesis should continue to yield broader insights into the understanding of endogenous hormone signaling pathways and tissue differentiation in plants.
Mechanisms Underlying Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an overwhelming fatal disease that often presents with overt metastases and ultimately causes the majority of cancer-associated deaths. The mechanisms underlying the metastatic cascade are complex, and research in recent years has begun to provide insights into the underlying drivers of this phenomenon. It has become clear that cancer cells, in particular pancreatic cancer cells, possess properties of plasticity involving bidirectional transition between epithelial and mesenchymal identities. Furthermore, recent work has begun to establish that there are distinct hybrid states between purely epithelial and purely mesenchymal states that cancer cells may reside, in order to thrive at different stages of carcinogenesis. We discuss how this plasticity is important for different phases of the metastatic cascade, from delamination to colonization, and how different epithelial–mesenchymal states may affect metastatic organotropism. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of pancreatic cancer cell plasticity and metastasis, and highlight current model systems that can be used to study these phenomena.
The Effectiveness of Intraoperative Clip Placement in Improving Radiation Therapy Boost Targeting After Oncoplastic Surgery

Abstract Purpose The role of surgical clips as markers of the tumor bed cavity for radiation therapy boost targeting after oncoplastic surgery is not well understood. Therefore, we sought to evaluate whether the placement of surgical clips can reduce interobserver variability in the delineation of the tumor bed cavities of oncoplastic surgery patients and ultimately determine an optimal number of clips to place. Methods and Materials We reviewed records of 39 women with breast cancer who underwent oncoplastic breast surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy at our institution. Three radiation oncologists contoured tumor bed cavity volumes on planning computed tomography simulation images. Interobserver variability was measured both by a coefficient of variation of radiation oncologists contour volume and a concordance index defined as the quotient of the intersecting and aggregated volume of the contours. Patients were stratified by the number of surgical clips placed and compared by 1-way analysis of variance. Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship of total excised volume and interobserver variability in patients with a sufficient quantity of surgical clips. Results Interobserver variability in the delineation of the tumor bed cavity as measured by concordance index was significantly reduced in patients who received intraoperative surgical clips (F = 5.755; P = .001). A similar trend was seen in contour volume (F = 2.616; P = .052). Results of 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis showed that 4 clips are effective and sufficient for reproducible delineation of the tumor bed cavity for the radiation therapy boost. Increasing excision volume does not result in an increase in interobserver variability (r2 = 0.00003). Conclusions In oncoplastic surgery patients, intraoperative placement of surgical clips is beneficial and effective in improving the delineation of the tumor bed cavity for the radiation therapy boost. Four clips are necessary and sufficient for accurate boost targeting after lumpectomy with oncoplastic reconstruction.
Social Support Mediates the Association between Disclosure of Suicide Attempt and Depression, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Thwarted Belongingness.

Objective Prior research has found disclosure of concealable stigmatized statuses, including suicide attempt survivorship, to be associated with positive mental health outcomes. This study sought to test the mediating effect of self-reported social support on the association between disclosure of suicide attempt and suicide risk factors in a sample of undergraduate college students. Method Data were analyzed from 149 undergraduate college students with a history of one or more suicide attempts. Three parallel mediation analyses tested the simultaneous mediating effect of family social support and peer social support on the association between suicide attempt disclosure and suicide risk factors. Results Significant total indirect effects in all models indicated family social support and peer social support simultaneously mediated the association between disclosure of suicide attempt and depression, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. The indirect effect on thwarted belongingness via peer social support was stronger than the indirect effect via family social support. Conclusions Disclosure of suicide attempt was associated with higher social support, which was associated with lower suicide risk factors. In a therapeutic context, it is important to consider social support when discussing disclosure of suicide attempt.
Intercultural learning in the home environment: children’s experiences as part of a homestay host family

This paper explores how immersion and engagement with different cultures in the home environment impacts Korean children’s intercultural learning. More specific attention is given to the experience...
Metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer to Meckel's cave with leptomeningeal spread at time of diagnosis.

Abstract Background Brain metastasis occurs in 1–2.5% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases and carries a poor prognosis. Typically, brain metastases arise 2–3 years following the primary diagnosis of EOC. Malignant spread to the brain discovered at the time of initial ovarian cancer presentation is exceedingly rare with minimal reported cases in literature. Case This is a rare case of highly aggressive EOC in a previously healthy 32-year-old woman with evidence of brain, bone, and vertebral metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis. This is the first reported case of EOC with spread to Meckel’s cave with symptoms consistent with trigeminal nerve disruption. The disease rapidly progressed through radiation and front-line chemotherapy. Conclusion This report highlights the first reported case of EOC with invasion of Meckel’s cave—present at time of diagnosis. Consistent with most cases in the literature of brain metastasis in the setting of EOC, our patient had a highly aggressive tumor associated with a poor prognosis. With better primary management of EOC, along with increased overall survival in EOC patients following spread to the brain secondary to multimodal therapies, we can continue to expect increasing numbers of brain metastasis with uncommon sites of recurrence.
One-pot production of jet fuels from fatty acids and vegetable oils in biphasic tandem catalytic process

Abstract Bio-jet fuel has already been used in commercial flights to decarbonize the aviation transportation sector. However, the widespread use of bio-jet fuel is still a challenge partly due to the high production costs. In particular, the production of commercial bio-jet fuel from lipids requires high temperatures and includes multiple reaction units, i.e., hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking, increasing operation costs. The integration of these processes in one pot was attempted but unsuccessful. Herein, a novel biphasic catalytic process was developed to realize the one-pot production of bio-jet fuel from fatty acids with the supported ruthenium (Ru) catalysts and the mixed cyclohexane and water solvents under mild conditions. The cracking selectivity was tuned by adjusting the ratios of cyclohexane and water. The Ru/C catalysts modified by TiO2 were synthesized and characterized with BET, XRD, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, XPS, etc. Compared with the unmodified catalyst, the deoxygenation reaction rate increased up to five folds. The carbon yield of jet-fuel-range alkanes reached 35.2 wt% from oleic acid at a relatively low temperature (260 °C). The catalyst also showed good stability after five consecutive reuse cycles. This efficient biphasic catalytic process was further extended to convert triglycerides and crude vegetable oil to produce bio-jet fuel.