cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Memory Performance of Data-Mining Workloads on Small, Medium, and Large-Scale CMPs Using Hardware-Software Co-simulation

With the amount of data continuing to grow, extracting "data of interest" is becoming popular, pervasive, and more important than ever. Data mining, as this process is known as, seeks to draw meaningful conclusions, extract knowledge, and acquire models from vast amounts of data. These compute-intensive data-mining applications, where thread-level parallelism can be effectively exploited, are the design targets of future multi-core systems. As a result, future multi-core systems will be required to process terabyte-level workloads. To understand the memory system performance of data-mining applications, this paper presents the use of hardware-software co-simulation to explore the cache design space of several multi-threaded data mining applications. Our study reveals that the workloads are memory intensive, have large working-set sizes, and exhibit good data locality. We find that large DRAM caches can be useful to address their large working-set sizes
INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT OF SECRETORY PROTEINS IN THE PANCREATIC EXOCRINE CELL IV. Metabolic Requirements

Since in the pancreatic exocrine cell synthesis and intracellular transport of secretory proteins can be uncoupled (1), it is possible to examine separately the metabolic requirements of the latter process. To this intent, guinea pig pancreatic slices were pulse labeled with leucine-3H for 3 min and incubated post-pulse for 37 min in chase medium containing 5 x 10-4 M cycloheximide and inhibitors of glycolysis, respiration, or oxidative phosphorylation. In each case, the effect on transport was assessed by measuring the amount of labeled secretory proteins found in zymogen granule fractions isolated from the corresponding slices. This assay is actually a measure of the efficiency of transport of secretory proteins from the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) to the condensing vacuoles of the Golgi complex which are recovered in the zymogen granule fraction (16). The results indicate that transport is insensitive to glycolytic inhibitors (fluoride, iodoacetate) but is blocked by respiratory inhibitors (N2, cyanide, Antimycin A) and by inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (dinitrophenol, oligomycin). Except for Antimycin A, the effect is reversible. Parallel radioautographic studies and cell fractionation procedures applied to microsomal subfractions have indicated that the energy-dependent step is located between the transitional elements of the RER and the small, smooth-surfaced vesicles at the periphery of the Golgi complex. Radiorespirometric data indicate that the substrates oxidized to support transport are endogenous long-chain fatty acids.
Supply Chain Design in Perfect Competition

In this paper, we apply the theory of optimal control and theory of traffic assignment for supply chain design in perfect competition. We model the time staging and generalised routing of input factors needed for production by a firm. The production process will typically involve several stages, and as such is described by paths through a production network whose nodes are the various stages of production. We develop an algorithm and test it for a small numerical example.
ATP hydrolysis by membrane-bound Escherichia coli F0F1 causes rotation of the gamma subunit relative to the beta subunits.

Abstract We recently demonstrated that the γ subunit in soluble F 1 -ATPase from Escherichia coli rotates relative to surrounding β subunits during catalytic turnover (Duncan et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 10964–10968). Here, we extend our studies to the more physiologically relevant membrane-bound F 0 F 1 complex. It is shown that βD380C-F 1 , containing a β-γ intersubunit disulfide bond, can bind to F 1 -depleted membranes and can restore coupled membrane activities upon reduction of the disulfide. Using a dissociation/reconstitution approach with crosslinked βD380C-F 1 , β subunits containing an N-terminal Flag epitope (β flag ) were incorporated into the two non-crosslinked β positions and the hybrid F 1 was reconstituted with membrane-bound F 0 . Following reduction and ATP hydrolysis, reoxidation resulted in a significant amount of crosslinking of β flag to the γ subunit. This demonstrates that γ rotates within F 1 during catalytic turnover by membrane-bound F 0 F 1 . Furthermore, the rotation of γ is functionally coupled to F 0 , since preincubation with DCCD to modify F 0 blocked rotation.
Enumerating Up-Side Self-Avoiding Walks on Integer Lattices

A self-avoiding walk (saw) is a path on a lattice that does not pass through the same point twice. Though mathematicians have studied saws for over flfty years, the number of n-step saws is unknown. This paper examines a special case of this problem, flnding the number of nstep \up-side" saws (ussaws), saws restricted to moving up and sideways. It presents formulas for the number of n-step ussaws on various lattices, found using generating functions with decomposition and recursive methods.
Physician Concussion Knowledge and the Effect of Mailing the CDC’s “Heads Up” Toolkit

Background. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) “Heads Up” toolkit was designed to educate physicians about concussion, but it has not been well studied. This study proposed to evaluate the effect of receiving the toolkit on physician concussion knowledge. Methods. The authors obtained a sample of physicians from the American Medical Association masterfile and randomly selected half to be mailed the CDC’s “Heads Up” toolkit. All physicians were then sent a survey on concussion knowledge. Data were analyzed to evaluate the effect of the toolkit on concussion knowledge. Results. The survey was completed by 414 physicians (183 intervention, 231 control). There were no differences in general concussion knowledge between intervention and control groups, but physicians in the intervention group were significantly less likely to recommend next day return to play after a concussion (adjusted odds ratio = 0.31, 95% confidence interval = 0.12-0.76). Conclusions. Mailing the CDC’s “Heads Up” toolk...
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of fetuses referred for sonographically suspected abnormalities of the corpus callosum.

Objective. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be useful in assessing the developing central nervous system. However, its utility in specific brain disorders has not been well investigated. We hypothesized that fetal MRI can better assess the integrity of the brain in cases with sonographically suspected callosal abnormalities. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed fetal MRI and prenatal sonographic studies of 10 fetuses referred for MRI for sonographically suspected callosal abnormalities. Results. An abnormal corpus callosum was identified on fetal MRI in 80% of cases. The type of callosal abnormality (complete or partial agenesis) was similar on both prenatal sonography and fetal MRI in all cases. All sonographically identified additional brain abnormalities were detected on fetal MRI, with the exception of choroid plexus cysts. Furthermore, in 63% (5 of 8) of cases with a callosal abnormality on both sonography and fetal MRI, additional brain abnormalities were detected on fetal MRI that were not apparent on sonography. These sonographically occult findings were confirmed on postnatal MRI or autopsy in 3 of 5 patients. Conclusions. Fetal MRI is an important adjunct to sonography in assessing the corpus callosum and other aspects of brain development when agenesis of the corpus callosum is suspected. It can identify frequent additional findings that are not visible on sonography such as abnormal sulcation. In light of the association between additional brain abnormalities and worse neurodevelopmental outcome, the potential of fetal MRI as an important
A Reconfigurable Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna With a Broadly Steerable Beam

A half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna with an electronically steerable main beam is introduced. Lumped capacitors are connected between the free edge of the antenna and the ground plane through computer controlled switches, allowing the phase constant of the propagating wave to be varied. Consequently, the main beam of the antenna can be directed along any chosen direction in the longitudinal plane, at any frequency within the operating band of the antenna. By recalling stored switch combinations, the antenna may be steered at a certain frequency, or the antenna may be frequency-scanned while maintaining the beam at a fixed angle. The antenna may also be operated in a dynamic mode using a feedback system, where appropriate switch configurations are determined in real time using an efficient search algorithm. As a proof of concept, simulations are used to determine switch states to allow beam steering through nearly a full 180 degree scan range and also to keep the main beam at a fixed angle across a broad frequency spectrum.
High Intensity Stopped K-Meson Beam at the Bevatron

A high intensity stopped K-meson beam with a design goal of 105 stopped K+ per pulse is being constructed for the Bevatron. The facility is a large acceptance, 33-ft long beam line, which selects and transports 500 MeV/c K's to a stopper. The beam consists of a symmetrical arrangement of two large 900 bending magnets, three quadrupoles, and two electrostatic separators. Construction completion of this facility is scheduled for the Fall of 1973.
Determination of laser parameters from saturated-gain measurements for a partially homogeneously broadened gas-laser amplifier*†

The saturation irradiance and line-shape parameters of a high-gain laser transition are determined by analyzing the measured gain of a gas-laser amplifier as a function of incident radiation, based on a quadratic approximation to the saturated gain. Experimental results for a high-gain xenon 3.5 μm (5d33–6p22) laser amplifier are presented.
A new approach to solar desalination for small- and medium-size use in remote areas

Abstract A conventional solar still produces 6 litres of fresh water per square metre per day of collector surface. With heat recovery and air mass circulation we can reach up to 20 litres m3/d. The quality of the processed water is always very high so that the investment costs are justified. This depends on the material used and the price of the solar stills. The advantage of the solar still is independent water production at the point of use and no need for trained maintenance staff. The high working temperature solves most problems. Small, modular high-performance stills with features like the possibility of decentralized use, less maintenance and robust construction can help to reduce sweet water scarcity. Small solar stills for fresh water production were not able to compete in the past because they were too expensive for producing less than 6 litres m3/d of fresh water. The recent development of stills based on new concepts for stream-leading and heat recovery has been successful.
Required number of location-years for estimating functional lower developmental thresholds and required thermal summations of insects: The first emergence of adult Apthona nigriscutis Foudras as an example

Sampling theory was combined with resampling techniques to determine the number of location-years needed for estimating an insect's required thermal summation and lower developmental threshold from field-based studies. This was done by analysing 19 location-years of field observations on the first emergence of Apthona nigriscutis Foudras, an important biological control agent of the noxious weed, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Results indicated that 5 - 7 location-years were needed to estimate that insect's mean required thermal summation and mean lower developmental threshold for predicting first adult emergence. However, if the wish was to estimate the median required thermal summation and median lower developmental threshold for that purpose, then 8 - 11 location-years were needed to obtain acceptable estimates of those parameters. The implications of these and other findings are discussed.
Feminist Politics in Feminist Security Studies

Feminist Security Studies (FSS) is quickly becoming a recognized area of research. Recent articles in Security Studies (Sjoberg 2009) and International Security (Hudson et al. 2008/9) specifically address the contributions of FSS to the field of security studies, a network of scholars working in FSS is regularly represented at the Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, and the terminology has been used in many recent publications (e.g. Hansen 2009; Shepherd 2010; Sjoberg and Martin 2010; Wibben 2009, 2011). Given the proliferation of feminist security scholarship, which is based on a variety of feminisms, feminist scholars should begin to debate the content and scope of their research. Not only is there now enough material to do so, but there also are some real differences in feminist scholarship—and these differences matter.
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Renal Failure

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) have evolved as standard forms of home peritoneal dialysis. CAPD requires three to five exchanges, each four to six hours during the day, while CCPD utilizes multiple automated dialysate exchanges during the night and one long diurnal exchange. Both dialysis systems have proved successful in maintaining blood chemistry levels, fluid balance, and achieving an acceptable quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialytic support. Not only can peritoneal dialysis be incorporated into the treatment of chronic uremia, but also offers the potential for the treatment of acute renal failure and has been used for years.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 with Ga-doping

Abstract Gallium doped Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 quaternary chalcogenides with and without excess Cu were synthesized by elemental reaction and densified using hot pressing in order to investigate their high temperature transport properties. The resistivity, ρ , and Seebeck coefficient, S , for these materials decrease with increased Ga-doping while both mobility and effective mass increase with Ga doping. The power factor ( S 2 /ρ ) therefore increases with Ga-doping however the highest thermoelectric figure of merit ( ZT = 0.39 at 700 K) was obtained for the composition that had the lowest thermal conductivity. Our results suggest an approach for optimizing the thermoelectric properties of these materials and are part of the continuing effort to explore different quaternary chalcogenide compositions and structure types, as this class of materials continues to be of interest for energy-related applications.
Technology Paved the Road for Students in a High-School Dropout Recovery Program to an Online College Class

Although there are Federal programs that are intended to assist a wide range of people with getting a college education, the educational attainment statistics confirm that these programs are not reaching the students who are the least apt to go to college. This chapter describes how technology enabled 52 inner-city high school students, 49% of whom had cumulative high school grade point averages (GPA) that were between 1.0 and 1.9 points, to be dually enrolled in an online college class and their online high school classes. The class average for the quizzes the students completed was 88% and the students who took the final exam scored, on average, 86%. There were some unexpected delays and difficulties along the way, but the students performed at a college level in a difficult class.
Morphology and Stratigraphy Related to the Nearshore Boundary of the Stamukhi Zone

Sea-bed morphology and stratigraphy changes can be linked to sea-ice zonation on Arctic shelves. The stamukhi zone [Reimnitiz et al., 1978] marks the boundary between the moving arctic pack ice and more stable coastal ice, and it is composed of abundant coast-parallel, shear and pressure ridges of sea ice in water depths of 15–50 m (Fig. 1). Many of the stamukhi zone ice ridges form in the same location year after year. Most of the larger ice ridges of the stamukhi zone are grounded. This is a zone where a large amount of energy is expended building ice ridges and gouging the sea floor [Barnes et al., 1984].Inshore of this zone, smoother and less deformed fast ice extends to the coast. The sea-floor features associated with this boundary include an extensive series of shoals [Reimnitz et al., 1984] and a pronounced break in slope or knickpoint at about 20 m depth [Barnes et al., 1987].
Retrospective evaluation of concurrent intra-abdominal injuries in dogs with traumatic pelvic fractures: 83 cases (2008-2013).

Objective To report the occurrence of intra-abdominal injury (IA) in dogs with pelvic fractures due to blunt trauma, to evaluate for association between characterization of pelvic fractures and the presence of IA, and to evaluate for association between IA and other specific clinical conditions. Design Retrospective case series (2008–2013). Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Eighty-three client-owned dogs with pelvic fractures due to blunt trauma. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Pelvic injuries included pubic fractures (90.4%), ischial fractures (80.7%), sacroiliac luxations (57.8%), iliac fractures (43.4%), acetabular fractures (30.1%), and sacral fractures (13.3%). Thirty-one dogs (37%) had IA, which included hemoabdomen (27 dogs), uroabdomen (3), and septic abdomen (3); 2 dogs had 2 types of IA. Dogs with sacral fractures were significantly more likely to have IA than dogs without sacral fractures (P = 0.0162). Characterization of pelvic fractures included the direction of compression, presence of a weight-bearing bone fracture, and degree of pelvic narrowing, none of which had an association with IA (P > 0.05). Dogs were more likely to have IA if they had cardiac dysrhythmia (P = 0.0002) or hematuria (P = 0.0001), and were more likely to have a hemoabdomen if they had cardiac dysrhythmia (P = 0.0005). Dogs with hematochezia were more likely to have a septic abdomen (P = 0.0123). Dogs were more likely to receive a transfusion if they had AI (P = 0.033) or hemoabdomen specifically (P = 0.0033). Overall survival to discharge was 89%, which was significantly greater than survival in dogs with pelvic injury that also had septic abdomen (33%; P = 0.0299). Conclusions IA is common in dogs with pelvic fractures, especially those with sacral fractures. Pelvic fracture characterization had no bearing on the presence of IA.
The model minority stereotype in Arizona’s anti-immigrant climate: SB 1070 and discordant reactions from Asian Indian migrant organizations

This research explores the discordant reactions of local Asian Indian migrant organizations to the passage of Arizona Senate Bill 1070. The objective is to illustrate how migrants from India to Arizona negotiate their identities in the context of this anti-immigrant climate. The research draws insight largely from local records and publications of Asian Indian migrant organizations, including monthly newsletters, board meeting minutes, and other materials found on organizational websites. The analysis chronicles how various Asian Indian migrant organizations shape public discourse about migrant identity, belonging, and citizenship through their reactions to Arizona Senate Bill 1070. The place-based approach provides a way to re-think traditional migration theories and explore the role of racialization in better understanding the consequences of migration from India to the U.S.
Effects of intravenous CT contrast on attenuation correction of non-bone 99mTc SPECT/CT

242 Objectives To quantify errors in non-bone 99mTc SPECT/CT caused by presence of intravenous (IV) contrast in CT images used for attenuation correction (AC), since the magnitude of AC is greater at 140 keV (SPECT) than 511 keV (PET) but the impact of IV contrast on CT-AC of SPECT is not well characterized. Methods SPECT/CT scans of a 60-cc syringe containing 99mTc solution inserted in an e-density phantom were acquired at 4 different activities. Additional co-registered CT scans at different kVp’s were performed with the 99mTc solution replaced with 7 different IV contrast concentrations (0.64, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8, 20, 32, 64 mg/mL). The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of contrast solutions were calculated using NIST XCOM software to derive the modified bi-linear CT-to-LAC transform accounting for the presence of contrast for CT-AC. The relative change (bias) in SPECT signal was calculated when CT-AC images contained IV contrast using the standard and modified CT-to-LAC transforms. Results The increase in CT number (HU) was proportional to the contrast concentration (17.1 HU/mg/mL at 130 kVp). The magnitude of proportionality was inversely related to the CT kVp. The difference between the true LAC for IV contrast and that using CT-AC map increased linearly with its concentration. The errors in LAC at 140 keV was Conclusions IV contrast in CT attenuation maps biases the SPECT signal in proportion to its concentration. However, the 99mTc SPECT bias with typical IV contrast administrations (ΔHU
Genetically induced mitotic exchange in the heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster.

ABSTRACT Multiple copies of the 18s and 28s ribosomal RNA cistrons are present in both the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Data are presented here that identify a locus, Rex, that causes exchange-like events between duplicated ribosomal complexes at the ends of an attached-XY chromosome. Rex: (1) is close to or in the basal heterochromatin of the X chromosome; (2) is semidominant and (its effect) is temperature sensitive; (3) acts maternally; and (4) affects behavior of paternally derived attached-XY chromosomes shortly after fertilization. Though, at this point, the existence of Rex is known only from its effects on behavior of a particular compound chromosome, it presents intriguing possibilities for understanding regulation of chromosome behavior and organization of the ribosomal cistrons.
Transient Enhanced Diffusion in B+ and P+ Implanted Silicon

We report the transient enhanced diffusion of supersaturated phosphorus in ion-implanted SPE grown Si. Precipitation proceeds rapidly to a metastable SiP phase, which can be converted to an orthorhombic form or redissolved by subsequent heat treatment. The effects are strongly temperature dependent, and consistent with the trapped interstitial model. The behavior of different dopants follows their relative interstitialcy diffusion coefficients. The results suggest that ion implantation induced point defects dominate over thermally activated point defects during low temperature and certain rapid thermal processing, controlling dopant deactivation and diffusion in crystalline or amorphous silicon, and can also affect the SPE growth rate.
Scaling Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties in the Critical Region of Fluids.

A review of the scaled equation of state proposed for the critical region of fluids and magnets is given using the language appropriate for fluids. The experimental evidence for the validity of the basic hypothesis underlying this equation of state is discussed in detail. Experimental data in the critical regions of CO2, Xe. and He4 are then analyzed using a closed-form expression for the chemical potential as a function of density and temperature, based on scaling ideas. Agreement between the proposed equation and the experimental data is found for the three substances. The results of the scaling of Δμ, Δρ, t data are shown not to be in contradiction with the analysis, also based on scaling ideas, of independent experimental measurements of both specific heat and vapor pressure.
The enzymatic diagnosis of some inborn errors of lipid metabolism

Work is currently in progress in this laboratory to establish and extend existing methods for the perinatal diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism by the measurement of a wide range of enzyme activities, with particular emphasis on those associated with sphingolipid storage disorders. The current enzyme estimations are performed on extracts of leukocytes, cultured skin fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells. To date, data have been accumulated from almost 200 leukocyte extracts. Less information is available for skin fibroblasts, and the wide range of activity for some enzymes would appear to make diagnosis difficult. However, data from both of these cell types has been used in the confirmation of cases of GM 2 gangliosidosis (Type II), glucosyl ceramidosis, sulphatide lipidosis and of 4 cases of GM 1 gangliosidosis. The data on amniotic fluid cells at present have not been used in the prenatal detection of disease and one attempt at culturing such cells from a GM 2 gangliosidosis (Type I) heterozygote was unsuccessful.
Comparison of open and endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm

Objective To compare the effects of open and endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods From January 2002 to July 2007, clinical data of 223 patients with infrarenal abodomianl aortic aneurysm undergoing open (141 patients) or endovascular repair (82 patients) were retrospectively reviewed. The intra- and post-operative complications, mortality, complications, survival, life quality, and cost during follow-up were analyzed. Results Operative time in endovascular group was significantly shorter than open repair group. Blood loss and transfusion in endovascular group were significantly less than open repair group (P 0.05). Six-month total SF-36 scores were significantly higher in open repair group compared with endovascular group. There was no significant difference of survival rate at 2 years (P>0.05), but endovascular group had fewer complications (P<0.01). Conclusions Endovascular repair is mini-invasive, but has more complications of long-term follow-up. The life quality in open repair group is better than endovascular group, and a prospective random trial is required. Key words: Aortic aneurysm, abdominal; Vascular surgical procedures; Blood vessel prosthesis implantation
Social Grouping for Multi-Target Tracking and Head Pose Estimation in Video

Many computer vision tasks are more difficult when tackled without contextual information. For example, in multi-camera tracking, pedestrians may look very different in different cameras with varying pose and lighting conditions. Similarly, head direction estimation in high-angle surveillance video in which human head images are low resolution is challenging. Even humans can have trouble without contextual information. In this work, we couple novel contextual information, social grouping, with two important computer vision tasks: multi-target tracking and head pose/direction estimation in surveillance video. These three components are modeled in a probabilistic formulation and we provide effective solvers.We show that social grouping effectively helps to mitigate visual ambiguities in multi-camera tracking and head pose estimation. We further notice that in single-camera multi-target tracking, social grouping provides a natural high-order association cue that avoids existing complex algorithms for high-order track association. In experiments, we demonstrate improvements with our model over models without social grouping context and several state-of-art approaches on a number of publicly available datasets on tracking, head pose estimation, and group discovery.
Single Phase-to-earth Test and Analysis for the Fault Line Selection Under Arc-suppression Coil Parallel Connecting the Mid-resistance

The correctness of fault line selection device is very low because of the complex single-phase-to-earth fault in distribution network,which affects the reliability of power supply. Consequently,the principle of fault line selection under the arc-suppression coil parallel connecting the mid-resistance grounding was analyzed,and lots of single-phase-to-earth tests are carried out respectively on the metal slab,sand soil,floor slab,gravel pile,asphalt slab in 35 kV system. Conclusions are drawn by analyzing the test data: the fault line selection device can increase the resistance component of electric current,which can overcome the compensation of arc-suppression coil. The variable of electric current of fault line is much larger than the normal lines',which can be the criterion of fault line selection,and the line fault or bus fault can be distinguished rightly. The values of transition resistance change from large to little in the following sequences,the asphalt slab,floor slab,gravel pile,sand soil take turns. However,the fault line selection will not act in time due to the high grounding transition resistance. Finally,the same laws of PSCAD simulation validate the results of tests.
Telomere length and health outcomes: A two-sample genetic instrumental variables analysis.

Abstract Objective Previous studies linking telomere length (TL) and health have been largely associational. We apply genetic instrumental variables (IV) analysis, also known as Mendelian randomization, to test the hypothesis that shorter TL leads to poorer health. This method reduces bias from reverse causation or confounding. Methods We used two approaches in this study that rely on two separate data sources: (1) individual-level data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) ( N = 3734), and (2) coefficients from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We employed two-sample genetic IV analyses, constructing a polygenic risk score (PRS) of TL-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. The first approach examined the association of the PRS with nine individual health outcomes in HRS. The second approach took advantage of estimates available in GWAS databases to estimate the impact of TL on five health outcomes using an inverse variance-weighted meta-analytic technique. Results Using individual-level data, shorter TL was marginally statistically significantly associated with decreased risk of stroke and increased risk of heart disease. Using the meta-analytic approach, shorter TL was associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (OR 1.02 per 100 base pairs, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.03). Discussion With the exception of a small contribution to heart disease, our findings suggest that TL may be a marker of disease rather than a cause. They also demonstrate the utility of the inverse variance-weighted meta-analytic approach when examining small effect sizes.
Take It or Leave It: Students’ Attitudes about Research Methods

This study employs a cross-sectional design to explore sociology majors’ attitudes toward research methods. Survey data from a convenience sample of students enrolled in 16 departments are used to ...
Seizures in Hereditary Metabolic Disease: Evaluation of Suspected Hereditary Metabolic Disease in the Etiology of Seizures

Publisher Summary This chapter identifies the major hereditary metabolic disease (HMD) categories in which seizures occur and classifies them according to the age at which clinical manifestations first are noted. Hereditary metabolic disorders (HMDs) represent only a small fraction of the epileptic syndromes of childhood. In a child with seizures, suspicion of an HMD is based on a detailed history of the disease including signs of developmental delay, progression, psychomotor regression, and, of major importance, the family history. Two early infantile disorders that constantly lead to intractable seizures are Alpers syndrome and glucose transporter protein deficiency. Glucose transporter protein deficiency starts in infancy with severe seizures, later followed by psychomotor retardation. Polymyoclonia represents a cardinal neurologic sign of several hereditary disorders, some of which are metabolic in origin. Lafora disease is a rapidly progressive autosomal recessive disease starting between 9 and 20 years with an average course of 4 years. It is found that In Unverricht–Lundborg disease, seizures may be relatively rare and intelligence little or unaffected, but polymyoclonus is gravely incapacitating.
Recent approaches for optical smartphone sensing in resource-limited settings: a brief review

Developments in the emerging fields of smartphone chemical and biosensing have dovetailed with increased interest in environmental and health monitoring for resource-limited environments, culminating in research toward field-ready smartphone sensors. Optical sensors have been a particular focus, in which smartphone imaging and on-board analysis have been integrated into both existing and novel colorimetric, fluorescent, chemiluminescent, spectroscopy-based, and scattering-based assays. Research in recent years has shown promising progress, but substantial limitations still exist due to environmental lighting interference, reliance upon proprietary smartphone attachments, and the undefined sensitivity variations between different smartphones. In this review, recent research in smartphone chemical and biosensing is assessed, and discussion is made regarding the opportunities that new research methods have to improve the scope of resource-limited sensing.
Simple Numerical Model to Simulate Penetration Testing in Unsaturated Soils

Cone penetration test in unsaturated sand is modelled numerically using Finite Element Method. Simple elastic-perfectly plastic Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model is modified with an apparent cohesion to incorporate the effect of suction on cone resistance. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) remeshing algorithm is also implemented to avoid mesh distortion problem due to the large deformation in the soil around the cone tip. The simulated models indicate that the cone resistance was increased consistently under higher suction or lower degree of saturation. Sensitivity analysis investigating the effect of input soil parameters on the cone tip resistance shows that unsaturated soil condition can be adequately modelled by incorporating the apparent cohesion concept. However, updating the soil stiffness by including a suction-dependent effective stress formula in Mohr-Coulomb material model does not influence the cone resistance significantly.
Work System Barriers and Facilitators to Compliance with Infection Prevention Intervention: Initial Findings Regarding Hand Hygiene from Three Target Roles

In this paper we present preliminary findings that address the work system of physicians, nurses and environmental services workers and their ability to comply with one clinically accepted interven...
Adopt-a-Hospital Project: An instructional tool for hospital administration

Backgournd: More often than not, university health administration curriculums are generic and are not foundational to a specific career track. This is especially true in relation to the transition from graduation to a hospital administration career progression. The overarching question is, “How does one prepare themselves for senior leadership in an acute care hospital setting?” Objective: A semester-long assignment – Adopt-a-Hospital Project – is discussed in the context of a healthcare finance course as tool for preparing students to think administratively regarding hospital operations. This Project is presented as an academic foundation preparing students for the required semester-long internship placement in an acute care hospital. Results: The Project-Internship sequence has, over a four-year period, demonstrated its value as an academic and experiential learning bridge from the academy to the world of work. Informal, qualitative findings are discussed in terms of a future quantitative study incorporating: (1) preceptor surveys, (2) intern surveys, and (3) focus group feedback. Conclusions: The Project-Internship sequence fosters a link between academic content and experiential learning in an acute care hospital – thereby augmenting one’s post-graduation readiness to pursue a hospital administration career track.
Forest Landscape Change in East Texas: 1974–2009

Abstract We used Landsat satellite imagery to monitor forest-landscape change within a 4-county area (Angelina, Nacogdoches, San Augustin, and Shelby) in East Texas. We consulted images from the Multispectral Scanner (60-m resolution), Thematic Mapper (30-m resolution), and Thematic Mapper Plus (30-m resolution) from 1974, 1980, 1984, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. We classified each image into 1 of 2 land-cover types: forest and non-forest. For data-quality assurance, we assessed 2 of the classified maps for accuracy. We assessed accuracy of the 2002 land-cover map using field validation (overall map accuracy of 98.46%), and the 2009 land-cover map using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) 2009 aerial photos as a reference (overall map accuracy of 90.77%). To determine forest contagion and fragmentation and their effects on the local landscape, we calculated landscape metrics including PPU (patch per unit) and SqP (square pixel) based on landscape patches identified wit...
Minority Stress and Bisexual Women’s Disordered Eating: The Role of Maladaptive Coping

The purpose of this study was to explore the link between bisexual women’s experiences of anti-bisexual discrimination and disordered eating, while examining potential mediating variables underlyin...
MUSE: A Methodology for Quantifying Spectrum Usage

Dynamic spectrum sharing paradigm is envisaged to meet the growing demand for the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. There exist several technical, regulatory, and business impediments for adopting the new paradigm. To address these challenges, we need the ability to characterize and quantify the use of spectrum. In this paper, we propose MUSE, a methodology to characterize and quantify the use of spectrum in the space, time, and frequency dimensions. MUSE characterizes the use of spectrum by a transmitter at a point in terms of the RF power occupied by the transmitter. It characterizes the use of spectrum by a receiver at a point in terms of the constraints on the RF-power that can be occupied by any of the transmitters in the system in order to ensure successful reception. It divides the spectrum-space into discrete unit-spectrum-spaces and quantifies the spectrum used by the individual transceivers in the discretized spectrum space. To bring in simplicity, precision, and efficiency to dynamic spectrum sharing, we emphasize on articulating, defining, and enforcing the quantified spectrum-access rights in the discretized spectrum-space.
Recruiting, Organizing, Planning, and Conducting a 3-Week, Short- Term Study Abroad Program for Undergraduate Students: Guidelines and Suggestions for First-Time Faculty Leaders

: The article provides an overview on the importance of international education, and the significance of short-term study abroad programs. It also provides specific step-by-step guidelines and recommendations to help first-time faculty members who are interested in conducting a short-term study abroad program in the field of child development and family studies. Explanations are given on conducting orientation sessions before departure, suggestions for fund raising activities, balancing the academic content with recreational and adventure excursions, making arrangements for guest speakers in the host county, arranging for visits to social service agencies, and lastly incorporating service learning activates in the program. Questions such as, “What are some of the of the typical challenges that a faculty leader is likely to encounter in the host country”? are addressed. A summary of the qualitative analyses that was obtained from the students, about their reactions to the program, and the impact that it had on them, after they returned from the 3-week program is explored.
Strengthening Links between Evaluation Theory and Practice, and More: Comments Inspired by George Grob's 2017 Eleanor Chelimsky Forum Presentation.

George Grob presented the fifth and final Eleanor Chelimsky Forum address at the 2017 annual meeting of the Eastern Evaluation Research Society. In this commentary, I respond to several points that George raises in the American Journal of Evaluation paper based on that address. An overarching theme of my comments involves the potential for strengthening the linkages between evaluation theory and evaluation practice. Research on evaluation should also be added to this pairing.
High-efficiency inverted metamorphic 1.7/1.1 eV GaInAsP/GaInAs dual-junction solar cells

Photovoltaic conversion efficiencies of 32.6 ± 1.4% under the AM1.5 G173 global spectrum, and 35.5% ± 1.2% at 38-suns concentration under the direct spectrum, are demonstrated for a monolithic, dual-junction 1.7/1.1 eV solar cell. The tandem cell consists of a 1.7 eV GaInAsP top-junction grown lattice-matched to a GaAs substrate, followed by a metamorphic 1.1 eV GaInAs junction grown on a transparent, compositionally graded metamorphic AlGaInAs buffer. This bandgap combination is much closer to the dual-junction optimum and offers headroom for absolute 3% improvement in efficiency, in comparison to the incumbent lattice-matched GaInP/GaAs (∼1.86/1.41 eV) solar cells. The challenge of growing a high-quality 1.7 eV GaInAsP solar cell is the propensity for phase separation in the GaInAsP alloy. The challenge of lattice-mismatched GaInAs solar cell growth is that it requires minimizing the residual dislocation density during the growth of a transparent compositionally graded buffer to enable efficient metamor...
Prealternate molt-migration in Rusty Blackbirds and its implications for stopover biology

ABSTRACT To achieve greater understanding of the full annual cycles of birds, it is critical to describe the spatial nature of little-understood phases. One of the least understood aspects of avian annual cycles is the ecology of molt: the periodic replacement of feathers. While work on the spatial nature of molt in migratory passerines has increasingly found incidences of species and populations completing molt during migration, this work has been limited entirely to prebasic flight feather molt. We examined the prevalence and progression of contour feather molt in a migratory songbird, the Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), during spring stopover. We found that 98% of birds exhibited a partial prealternate molt during stopover, primarily in the head region. Furthermore, molt intensity peaked in the middle of the migration period and was negatively associated with fat score. This is the first evidence in the passerine literature of an obligate prealternate molt completed during migration, which is in ...
The Insulin Receptor as a Tyrosine- Specific Protein Kinase

Despite detailed understanding of the structure, biosynthesis, and metabolic effects of insulin, it is not known how the interaction of insulin with its receptor generates a biological signal (Cobb and Rosen, 1984). Evidence for mediation of insulin action by a small peptide second messenger has been presented (Larner et al., 1978; Seals and Jarrett, 1980; Seals and Czech, 1980). Recently, however, the discovery that the insulin receptor is associated with an insulin-dependent protein kinase activity (Kasuga et al., 1982a,b,c; Petruzzelli et al., 1982; Van Obberghen and Kowalski, 1982; Haring et al., 1982; Zick et al., 1983a,b; Avruch et al., 1982; Shia and Pilch, 1983; Van Obberghen et al., 1983; Kasuga et al., 1983; Rosen et al., 1983) has suggested additional or alternative models for transduction of the insulin signal (for review, see Cobb and Rosen, 1984). In this chapter we present (1) our evidence that the insulin receptor is itself an insulin-dependent tyrosine protein kinase; (2) the properties of the enzyme derived from an insulin-sensitive cell line, 3T3-L1, and from human placenta; and (3) possible roles of the insulin-dependent protein kinase in bioregulation.
Governing Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction: The Case of Pennsylvania

Over the past decade, directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing enabled an unconventional oil and gas extraction (UOGE) boom in many regions of the United States, including parts of Pennsylvania. This revolution has created serious concerns about the capability of existing institutions to govern important societal outcomes associated with UOGE. We present a conceptual framework for assessing key societal outcomes influenced by UOGE governance. In applying this framework to Pennsylvania, we discern certain institutional strengths that have allowed the Commonwealth to reap appreciable short‐term economic growth from rich resource endowments. We also find, however, that several institutional weaknesses have allowed costs externalized to the environment, public health, and community integrity to offset some proportion of those economic benefits. Likewise, we find that governance of UOGE in Pennsylvania has contributed to a bifurcated sociopolitical landscape wherein adversarial coalitions dispute the legitimacy of the industry and its governance. 近几十年来，定向钻井和水力压裂使得美国诸多地区的非传统石油天然气开采（unconventional oil and gas extraction, UOGE）迅速增加，这其中包括宾夕法尼亚州的部分地区。该开采行动已催生了有关现存制度在治理重要社会结果（与UOGE相关）时的能力的严肃顾虑。笔者提出一项概念框架，用于评估UOGE治理所影响的关键社会结果。为将此框架应用到宾夕法尼亚州，笔者识别出某些制度优势，后者已允许该州从丰富的资源禀赋中获取大量短期经济增长。然而笔者还发现，几个制度劣势已让环境、公共卫生、和社区完整性付出相应代价，以抵消部分比例的经济利益。同样，笔者发现，宾夕法尼亚州对UOGE的治理已促使社会政治景观产生分叉，其中相互对立的联盟在该产业合法性及产业治理上发生争执。 Durante la ultima decada, la perforacion direccional y la fracturacion hidraulica permitieron un auge de extraccion de petroleo y gas no convencional (UOGE) en muchas regiones de los Estados Unidos, incluidas partes de Pensilvania. Esta revolucion ha creado serias preocupaciones sobre la capacidad de las instituciones existentes para gobernar los resultados sociales importantes asociados con UOGE. Presentamos un marco conceptual para evaluar los resultados sociales clave influenciados por la gobernanza de UOGE. Al aplicar este marco a Pensilvania, discernimos ciertas fortalezas institucionales que han permitido a la Mancomunidad cosechar un crecimiento economico apreciable a corto plazo gracias a las abundantes dotaciones de recursos. Tambien encontramos, sin embargo, que varias debilidades institucionales han permitido que los costos externalizados al medio ambiente, la salud publica y la integridad de la comunidad compensen una cierta proporcion de esos beneficios economicos. Del mismo modo, encontramos que el gobierno de UOGE en Pensilvania ha contribuido a un panorama sociopolitico bifurcado en el que las coaliciones adversas disputan la legitimidad de la industria y su gobierno.
Abdominal and Perineal Operative Considerations for Acute Presentations of Anal and Rectal Malignancies

The acute presentation of rectal and anal cancer can be varied and difficult to manage. Accurate diagnosis and staging are crucial first steps in management of each malignancy. Indications for acute intervention include obstruction, hemorrhage, and perforation. If the patient has failed initial attempts at conservative or endoscopic management, surgical options should be considered. Operative considerations include low anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection, and damage control operations consisting of washout, drainage, and diversion depending on the appropriate clinical situation.