cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian morphometry algorithm

Most methods for structure-function analysis of the brain in medical images are usually based on voxel-wise statistical tests performed on registered magnetic resonance (MR) images across subjects. A major drawback of such methods is the inability to accurately locate regions that manifest nonlinear associations with clinical variables. In this paper, we propose Bayesian morphological analysis methods, based on a Bayesian-network representation, for the analysis of MR brain images. First, we describe how Bayesian networks (BNs) can represent probabilistic associations among voxels and clinical (function) variables. Second, we present a model-selection framework, which generates a BN that captures structure-function relationships from MR brain images and function variables. We demonstrate our methods in the context of determining associations between regional brain atrophy (as demonstrated on MR images of the brain), and functional deficits. We employ two data sets for this evaluation: the first contains MR images of 11 subjects, where associations between regional atrophy and a functional deficit are almost linear; the second data set contains MR images of the ventricles of 84 subjects, where the structure-function association is nonlinear. Our methods successfully identify voxel-wise morphological changes that are associated with functional deficits in both data sets, whereas standard statistical analysis (i.e., t-test and paired t-test) fails in the nonlinear-association case.
Hyperspectral integrated computational imaging

In the past, optics has served mainly to render the world more easily visible to humans. Now, computers are increasingly employed to make sense of the visual world in ways that people cannot. With a new generation of optics, scientists and engineers are recasting visual scenes for interpretation exclusively by computers. To the human eye, these pictures appear distorted at best, or at worst look like visual noise, without discernable meaning. But to computers, such data are worth more than a thousand words. Optimizing complete vision-and-action systems for computers lies at the core of integrated computational imaging. Computers are well-established manipulators of digitized images, and image-processing programs do it routinely on desktop machines. However, what is new is the strategy of modifying image information as it is sensed to make it better suited for the “computer mind” [1, 2].
In rare acute myeloid leukemia patients harboring both RUNX1 and NPM1 mutations, RUNX1 mutations are unusual in structure and present in the germline

It has become clear that there are distinct interrelationships between recurring genetic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Whereas certain mutations frequently co-exist in AML, others are mutually exclusive. Mutations in NPM1 and RUNX1 , two of the most commonly mutated genes in AML, are
Primary and secondary stress responses of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) exposed to benzene

Striped bass (Morone .sfi.~uri/i.s) were collected from the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary in 1982. from areas distant from pollution sources. After acclimatization. plasma cortisol concentration (primary response) and blood biochemicals indicative of energy mobilization (secondary responses) were followed in individuals exposed to sublethal levels of benzene for up to 21 d. Despite the persistence of benzene in blood and liver tissues for the exposure duration. stress responses were moderate and returned to control values within the initial 7 d. Blood and liver rapidly accumulated benzene to approximately 20 times the exposure concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 ppni). Concentrations of cortisol and secondary response varia bles were not proportional to benzene exposure or to accumulation levels. however. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased two- to three-fold at 8 h and returned to control levels prior to 48 h exposure. Glucose. lactate. H’. protein and triglyceride concentrations were elevated during the initial 4 h to 7 d. with protein and triglyceride returning to normal levels prior to the other secondary response variables. From the perspective of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), benzene activated the hypothalamopituitary-interrenal axis. resulting in clinical stress responses characteristic of an alarm reaction. The timecourses and amplitudes of primary and secondary responses to benzene suggest the sensory perception of a noxious agent eliciting mild. acute stress followed by adaptation.
Isolation and characterization of a carboxysome shell gene from Thiobacillus neapolitanus

The gene coding for the major carboxysome shell peptide (csoS1) from Thiobacillus neapolitanus has been isolated and sequenced. Oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 5' end of the gene were made possible by amino acid sequencing of the N-terminal residues of the shell peptide. A 41 bp PCR product was used as a probe to isolate the gene. The deduced amino acid composition of the 216 bp gene shows a high degree of hydrophobicity. The gene is located within a series of three repeated regions of DNA and appears to have arisen via gene duplication. The transcript of csoS1 is approximately 400 bases in length. The shell peptide shares significant homology with Synechococcus open reading frames implicated in carboxysome structure/assembly. These open reading frames and csoS1 are related and are probably members of a carboxysome gene family.
Supporting Competitive Intelligence at DuPont by Controlling Information Overload and Cutting Through the Noise

To overcome the problems of managing too much information and curating for the valuable content, DuPont’s research, business, regulatory, manufacturing, legal, and marketing teams increasingly rely on the corporate library’s competitive intelligence (CI) team to keep up with the latest Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) affecting their strategic goals and their decision-making processes. To meet the growing demand for CI news with constrained resources, the library CI team and the software application team designed and built CIntell, a user-friendly collection of technologies and services to harvest, store, curate, and publish secondary CI information. Using exclusively open source technologies (including Weka, Rome, MySQL, Solr), CIntell automatically harvests, filters, de-duplicates, tags, classifies, and stores public and subscribed secondary information in a structured database including news, research publications, patents, government reports, and web information. The CIntell web-based user interface facilitates searching, reviewing, organising, curating, and publishing CI news of interest to a project’s owners. Implementation of CIntell has more than tripled the CI newsletter productivity of the library CI team and reduced the news clutter by more than half compared to using traditional alerting tools and sporadic DIY searching.
Regulation of food intake by metabolic fuels in white-crowned sparrows

Migratory birds rely on increased fat storage and fatty acid utilization to meet seasonal changes of energy expenditure and as a result increase food intake and fat stores before migration. To determine whether their feeding behavior is sensitive to carbohydrate and/or fatty acid utilization, white-crowned sparrows maintained on short daylength (9L15D) were injected intraperitoneally with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM). Low doses of 2-DG (25 or 50 mg/kg) had no effect on food intake, and higher doses (100 or 300 mg/kg) significantly suppressed feeding after 1 and 2 h. No dose of 2-DG increased meal size. Similarly, low doses of 2,5-AM (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) had no effect on food intake, and higher doses (300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly suppressed intake. These data suggest that decreased carbohydrate metabolism does not elicit feeding in this species. Importantly, these drugs, as well as insulin and glucagon, were demonstrated to increase plasma fatty acids as well as to decrease feeding. Injections of tributyrin (100, 300, 600, or 2,000 mg/kg i.p.) or glycerol (300, 450, and 600 mg/kg) also significantly suppressed 60-min and 120-min food intake dose dependently in these birds, and equimolar glucose (1,200 mg/kg) had no effect. We conclude that feeding by the white-crowned sparrow is unresponsive to manipulations of carbohydrate metabolism and is decreased after manipulations that increase plasma lipids.
Regional preparedness for mass acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning through plans for stockpiling and interhospital sharing of pralidoxime.

Background: Regional preparedness efforts related to the stockpiling and interhospital sharing of critical antidotal medications is an important topic in the age of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. Little attention has been paid to how well regional preparedness efforts specifically affect availability of pralidoxime (2-PAM) if it were needed to treat a mass poisoning with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphorus pesticides or nerve agents). Objectives: The authors sought to assess whether hospitals in one region of Massachusetts (Department of Public Health Region 2, Central Massachusetts) have adequate plans for responding to a large number of patients requiring 2-PAM as might occur after the intentional release of nerve agents or organophosphorus chemicals into a civilian population or the food or water supply. Methods: The Massachusetts DPH Region 2 contains 10 acute care hospitals including one level 1 Trauma Center that is also the only tertiary care hospital in the region. A 13-question online survey was used to assess three important components of 2-PAM availability: 1) the amount of 2-PAM available, 2) regional medication sharing activities, and 3) attitudes and awareness of resources available in the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS). Results: Seven of 10 hospitals participated in the survey (response rate 70 percent). Of these seven hospitals, only 2 (28.5 percent) had any 2-PAM on hand (4 and 6 g). Despite the existence of a region-wide memorandum of understanding that includes medication sharing, only two hospitals’ responses included awareness of this agreement. Two hospitals had considered the problem of inadequate 2-PAM supplies before receiving the survey. Five of 7 (71.4 percent) hospitals would consider accessing the SNS if the need for antidotes were exceeded by their own supply. Conclusion: Recognition of regional planning for sharing of antidotes such as 2-PAM is lacking in the surveyed region and could lead to inability to care for large number of patients affected by an intentional or accidental large-scale release of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Teaching China’s Cultural Revolution through Film: Blue Kite as a Case Study

“The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” (1966-76), or Wenge , as it is referred to in its condensed Chinese equivalent, represents a collective trauma for the Chinese nation and people in the twentieth century. However, compared with more amply researched and lucidly presented parts of modern Chinese history in English language scholarship outside China, its ambiguity, complexity, and political sensitiveness all make this period more elusive and harder to grapple with for scholars and teachers of Chinese history and culture. Within China, although more diverse historical narratives about this period have emerged in recent years, the Cultural Revolution is still barely mentioned in standard high school history textbooks even today.
Abstract 1164: Parallel preparation of targeted resequencing libraries from 480 genomic regions using multiplex PCR on the Access Array system

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Next generation sequencing platforms have dramatically reduced sequencing costs. However, it currently remains too expensive to routinely resequence entire human genomes in order to discover genetic variants or somatic mutations underlying tumorigenesis. Therefore, a need exists for multiplexed, targeted amplification methods that allow for the analysis of multiple genomic regions in large cohorts. Available targeted enrichment technologies are either aimed at the capture of regions of interest from a single sample, exhibit uneven representation or require significant amounts of input material. The novel microfluidic platform, the Access Array system, combines 48 samples with 48 primer sets resulting in 2,304 simultaneously occurring PCR amplifications requiring as little as 50ng DNA per sample. PCR products generated on the Access Array system can be used for sequencing on all next-generation sequencing platforms, including 454 GS FLX and Illumina GAII. To increase coverage and throughput, PCR reactions can be multiplexed within Access Array chips generating up to 480 amplicons per sample. As proof-of-principal experiments, we have carried out multiplexed amplifications of a set of commonly mutated cancer gene exons across 48 genomic DNA samples. In initial experiments, 580 primer pairs were validated in individual PCR reactions in 96-well plates. Each primer pair was designed to include 5’ sequences that allow for the incorporation of 454 and Illumina adapters necessary for subsequent emPCR and cluster generation, respectively. 480 primer pairs that produced a single band of the correct size, as determined on a Caliper LabChip system, were selected for multiplex PCR experiments. Primer pairs yielding amplicons with a similar size were combined in groups of 10 sets, resulting in 48 primer pools of 10 primer pairs each. Multiplex PCR was carried out on Access Array chips, followed by harvesting of the 48 amplicon pools. Each pool was diluted and then subjected to a second round of PCR in standard 96-well plates with barcoded universal primers corresponding to the 454 and Illumina sequences. The resulting products are 48 uniquely barcoded amplicon pools, each comprising 480 amplicons derived from one sample, that are ready for sequencing. We will present sequencing data generated on both 454 and Illumina systems. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1164.
Using Zeolites as Substrates for Diamond Thin Film Deposition

Zeolites have been used as a potential substrate for CVD diamond deposition. By saturating the pore channels of a silicalite crystal, which are spaced approximately 10 A apart, with hydrocarbon seeds to induce and control nucleation, films have been grown in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) system under standard deposition conditions, using acetone as the carbon source. The hydrocarbons used were adamantane, naphthalene, anthracene, 2,3-benzanthracene, and l,2:5,6-dibenzanthracene. To enhance nucleation, a high pressure pre-deposition period was used initially. Characterization of these films through electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy indicates that polycrystalline s-SiC imbedded in an amorphous matrix is initially formed and large, well faceted diamond crystals are subsequently nucleated.
Seasonal abundance, age composition, and body size of salt-marsh Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in south Florida.

Five CO2-baited light traps operated fortnightly between November 1989 and May 1991 near a salt marsh in Vero Beach, FL, caught 1,961 Anopheles crucians Wiedemann (s.l.) and 691 An. atropos Dyar & Knab. Both species were most abundant in winter and least abundant in summer; their numbers correlated inversely with lagged mean ambient temperatures. Annual parous rates were 55% for An. crucians and 58% for An. atropos and varied little seasonally. Wing lengths of female An. crucians measured for eight consecutive months were negatively correlated with ambient temperatures, and parous females of this species had significantly longer wings than nullipars. Parous rates and wing length classes were positively correlated among An. crucians, confirming that larger mosquitoes are longer-lived.
Evaluation of Tiebar-cut Punch Made by Co Composition Graded Cemented Carbide

Tiebar-cut punch is a cutting tool which is attached to a mold for cutting lead frame and resin. For this tool, high wear resistant hard materials(especially cemented carbide)are widely used. It is generally known that the life-time of tiebar-cut punch depends on the wear resistance to resin, on the other hand, high toughness is required. However it is difficult for cemented carbide to increase both properties because there is a trade-off relation between wear resistance and transverse rupture strength. To overcome this problem and to improve the property of cemented carbide, we developed a new functionally graded material of cemented carbide (FGM) which coated high wear resistant cemented carbide on tough cemented carbide with pulse current pressure sintering system. We applied this FGM to tiebar-cut punch and evaluated it by cutting test. Compared with a conventional tiebar-cut punch, the FGM tiebar-cut punch revealed higher wear resistance.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Experiential-Learning-Based Teaching Tools in Cybersecurity Courses (Abstract Only)

The poster describes our project of Assessing the Effectiveness of Experiential-Learning-Based Teaching Tools in Cybersecurity Courses. We are assessing the effectiveness of experiential-learning-based teaching tools for 10 cybersecurity topics in five cybersecurity courses. For each topic, two teaching methods are selected: the control group teaching method, and the experimental group teaching method. The two teaching methods are compared to answer one of the two research questions: (1) Is using an experiential-learning-based teaching tool more effective in improving student learning than the traditional teaching method without using the teaching tool? (2) Is one experiential-learning-based teaching tool more effective than another experiential-learning-based teaching tool? We will assess the effectiveness of the teaching methods via three measures: (1) improvement in student learning outcomes, (2) improvement in student motivation in learning the topic, and (3) improvement in the student experience such as student enjoyment, satisfaction, and perceived difficulty in learning the topic. The knowledge gained from this research can be used by cybersecurity educators at other institutions to use effective teaching tools to improve cybersecurity education practices, which has the potential to increase the number of students well-prepared for entering cybersecurity careers.
Gold Nanoclusters Doped with 64Cu for CXCR4 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Breast Cancer and Metastasis

As an emerging class of nanomaterial, nanoclusters hold great potential for biomedical applications due to their unique sizes and related properties. Herein, we prepared a 64Cu doped gold nanocluster (64CuAuNC, hydrodynamic size: 4.2 ± 0.5 nm) functionalized with AMD3100 (or Plerixafor) for targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of CXCR4, an up-regulated receptor on primary tumor and lung metastasis in a mouse 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model. The preparation of targeted 64CuAuNCs–AMD3100 (4.5 ± 0.4 nm) was done via one-step reaction with controlled conjugation of AMD3100 and specific activity, as well as improved colloid stability. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation showed favorable organ distribution and significant renal and fecal clearance within 48 h post injection. The expression of CXCR4 in tumors and metastasis was characterized by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. PET imaging with 64CuAuNCs–AMD3100 demonstrated sensiti...
Polio Immunization Reflects the Characteristics of Immunization Programs

In this paper,Dianjiang County 10 years of work carried out polio immunization,analyzing the work of immunization programs has concluded,"Leadership,social,and public,policy and law,systematic,multi-disciplinary"characteristics,and proposed Effectively implement the "Strengthening the leadership,party and government attention,publicity,mobilize the masses,all the people involved,according to law,scientific services,"the 28 words do a good job working principle is the key to the work of immunization programs in order to make immunization program for the peer reference.
Phenobarbital standard therapy in rural areas on epilepsy patients

Objective To establish a feasible epilepsy management mode and standardized treatment method in rural areas.Methods From three rural areas,Xianxian,Suning,Cangxian,1 036 cases were chosen with tonic-clonic seizures or tonic seizures in company with other types of active seizures.Phenobarbital was used with the dose between 30 mg/d to 240 mg/d.In 2 years' follow-up,we observed drug's curative effect and adverse reactions.At last,176 cases exited the follow-up,the main reasons were poor compliance,poor curative effect,adverse reactions and going out for business.Results The total effective rate of phenobarbital was 77.0%.In the first three months,no seizure rate was 25.9%,until 12 months after follow-up this rate was 74.1%,and until 24 months it was up to 95.3%.In the first three months,adverse reactions occurred more(10.1%).With prolonged dose use,the adverse reactions decreased obviously.Conclusion Using phenobarbital in stiff-treating seizure has good effect and high safety.But in rural areas,the status in treating epilepsy is not optimistic.We need to establish effective modes with multiple departments joined.
Open Channel Flow

Open channels can range from small irrigation furrows to huge irrigation canals that are hundreds of kilometers long and supply billions of cubic meters per year for irrigation, industry, and domestic purposes. Agricultural canal categories include the irrigation district main, secondary and tertiary canals, laterals, on-farm irrigation ditches, and drainage channels. This chapter covers the structures and principles that are related to open channel delivery of water to agriculture: water diversion structures, conveyance efficiency, siphons, canal hydraulics (uniform flow, energy drop structures, and gradually varied flow), and flow measurement. The government has encouraged farmers to conserve water by lining irrigation ditches with concrete (Fig. 11.1); however, concrete channels can develop cracks and gaps that have excessive water loss. Economic analysis can determine whether lining a canal is worth the cost. Manning’s equation calculates the head loss along a canal based on slope, roughness, and channel geometry. Energy dissipation structures use supercritical flow and hydraulic jumps to dissipate energy. The Froude number determines the relationship between subcritical and supercritical flow. A finite difference solution calculates water depth changes along a canal with gradually varied flow.
Control of Wakes by Manipulating Mean Velocity Profiles

The free shear layer is known to be sensitive to upstream boundary conditions. Many experiments have shown that low level perturbations can alter the evolution of the shear flow. In this experiment, we demonstrate that a steady suction modifies the mean velocity profile and significantly changes the instability process of a wake. A threshold suction velocity was found. When the suction is higher than the threshold, the wake becomes stable and no vortex shedding exists.
New Dimensions in the OCD Spectrum: Autism, Pathologic Gambling, and Compulsive Buying

The obsessive-compulsive spectrum can be divided into two subclusters: disorders of impulsivity and neurologic disorders (Figure 1). This article examines autism (from the neurologic cluster) and pathologic gambling and compulsive shopping (from the impulse side of the spectrum). These three disorders are major mental health problems, impacting on society, the affected individuals, and their families. In addition, these three disorders are underrecognized and underdiagnosed. In this article, we outline and review the phenomenology, psychopathology, and treatment options of these three disorders.
Race and Family Life

Since the 1970s, American society has experienced steady and noticeable changes in family structures. Across racial groups, some commonalities have been identified: declining marriage rate, increasing divorce rate and singlehood, delayed marriage, and increasing numbers of out-of-wedlock births. The unequal distribution of power, prestige, and wealth in racial groups is one leading explanation for such transitions. In addition, divergent cultural backgrounds and immigration experience, in conjunction with structural conditions surrounding racial groups in the United States, have all had their impacts on family and marriage issues. Keywords: demographics; divorce; extended family; family life; gender roles; immigration; marriage; out-of-wedlock birth; parenting; poverty; race; single parent; socioeconomic characteristics
The Phase-Amplitude (PhA) representation of a wave function

In this chapter, we describe the Phase-Amplitude Method (Ph-A) for the representation of the solution of a Schrodinger equation, in which the wave function is described in an efficient way by its amplitude y(r) and the wave phase \(\phi (r)\). Since each of these quantities vary monotonically and slowly with distance, they are much easier to calculate than the wave function itself. An iterative method to solve the non-linear equation for y is described, and the region of convergence of the iterations is examined for two scattering cases: (a) when the potential is smaller than the incident energy (in this case the wave function is oscillatory); and (b) when the potential is larger than the incident energy (this is the case of the classically forbidden region). Various applications and their accuracies are also described in this chapter.
Location-known-exactly human-observer ROC studies of attenuation and other corrections for SPECT lung imaging

We use receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of a location-known-exactly (LKE) lesion detection task to compare the image quality of SPECT reconstruction with and without various combinations of attenuation correction (AC), scatter correction (SC) and resolution compensation (RC). Hybrid images were generated from Tc-99m labelled NeoTect clinical backgrounds into which Monte Carlo simulated solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) lung lesions were added, then reconstructed using several strategies. Results from a human-observer study show that attenuation correction degrades SPN detection, while resolution correction improves SPN detection, even when the lesion location is known. This agrees with the results of a previous localization-response operating characteristic (LROC) study using the same images, indicating that location uncertainty is not the sole source of the changes in detection accuracy.
P/Reparation: Barthes and Sedgwick

This article highlights peculiar affinities between Roland Barthes’ last works, particularly his seminars on La Preparation du roman, and the later work of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Barthes and Sedgwi...
Interleukin-1 inhibition, chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder, and physical function .

Objective Epidemiologic studies have suggested a link between chronic systemic inflammation and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Additionally, declining renal function is associated with worsening physical and cognitive function, which may potentially be explained by systemic inflammation, CKD-MBD, or both. We hypothesized that inhibiting inflammation with an interleukin-1 (IL-1) trap would improve markers of CKD-MBD as well as physical/cognitive function in patients with moderate-to-severe CKD. Methods In a two-site, double-blind trial, 39 patients with stage 3 - 4 CKD completed a randomized trial receiving either the IL-1 trap rilonacept (160 mg/week) or placebo for 12 weeks. The following CKD-MBD markers were assessed in serum before and after the intervention: calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). A battery of tests was also administered in a subgroup (n = 23) to assess multiple domains of physical function (endurance, locomotion, dexterity, balance, strength, and fatigue) and cognitive function. Results Participants were 65 ± 10 years of age, 23% female, and had a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of 38 ± 13 mL/min/1.73m2. There were no changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, any vitamin D metabolite, iPTH, or FGF23 levels (p ≥ 0.28) with IL-1 inhibition. Similarly, rilonacept did not alter locomotion, dexterity, balance, strength, fatigue, or cognitive function (p ≥ 0.13). However, endurance (400-m walk time) tended to improve in the rilonacept (-31 s) vs. placebo group (-2 s; p = 0.07). Conclusions In conclusion, 12 weeks of IL-1 inhibition did not improve markers of CKD-MBD or physical function. .
Energy and Biocides Storage Compounds: Synthesis and Characterization of Energetic Bridged Bis(triiodoazoles).

Energetic bridged triiodopyrazoles and triiodoimidazoles were designed and synthsized by reacting potassium triiodopyrazolate or triiodoimidazolate with corresponding dichloro compounds. All compounds were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The structure of compound 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All of the compounds exhibit good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures between 199 and 270 °C and high densities ranging from 2.804 to 3.358 g/cm3. The detonation performances and the detonation products were calculated by CHEETAH 7. Compound 3 (Dv = 4765 m s–1; P = 17.9 GPa) and compound 7 (Dv = 4841 m s–1; P = 18.5 GPa) show comparable detonation pressure to TNT, and high iodine content makes them promising as energy and biocides storage compounds.
Influence of short-term indomethacin therapy on fetal urine output.

Eight pregnancies ranging from 27-32 weeks' gestation were treated for preterm labor with oral indomethacin. The dosage regimen was 25 mg every four hours in four patients and 25 mg every six hours in the other four patients. The maximum duration of indomethacin therapy was 72 hours. In three patients, fetal ductus arteriosus constriction mandated discontinuation of indomethacin at 24 hours. Sonographic assessment of hourly fetal urine output was performed before therapy, at multiple regular intervals during therapy, and 24 hours after the last dose of indomethacin. A dramatic decline was noted from the mean baseline fetal urine output of 11.2 mL/hour. The mean fetal urine output at five, 12, and 24 hours during therapy was 2.2, 1.8, and 1.8 mL/hour, respectively (P less than .05). Twenty-four hours after completion of indomethacin therapy, the mean fetal urine output was 13.5 mL/hour. Poor correlation (r = 0.14, P less than .05) was noted between maternal serum indomethacin levels and hourly fetal urine output. This significant decline in urine output is consistent with other results in neonatal and adult animals and humans. Furthermore, it implies a role for prostaglandins in controlling urine output during fetal life.
DC proposal: automation of service lifecycle on the cloud by using semantic technologies

Managing virtualized services efficiently over the cloud is an open challenge. We propose a semantically rich, policy-based framework to automate the lifecycle of cloud services. We have divided the IT service lifecycle into the five phases of requirements, discovery, negotiation, composition, and consumption. We detail each phase and describe the high level ontologies that we have developed to describe them. Our research complements previous work on ontologies for service descriptions in that it goes beyond simple matchmaking and is focused on supporting negotiation for the particulars of IT services.
Explanatory Models Versus Predictive Models: Reduced Complexity Modeling in Geomorphology

Although predictive power and explanatory insight are both desiderata of scientific models, these features are often in tension with each other and cannot be simultaneously maximized. In such situations, scientists may adopt what I term a ‘division of cognitive labor’ among models, using different models for the purposes of explanation and prediction, respectively, even for the exact same phenomenon being investigated. Adopting this strategy raises a number of issues, however, which have received inadequate philosophical attention. More specifically, while one implication may be that it is inappropriate to judge explanatory models by the same standards of quantitative accuracy as predictive models, there still needs to be some way of either confirming or rejecting these model explanations. Here I argue that robustness analyses have a central role to play in testing highly idealized explanatory models. I illustrate these points with two examples of explanatory models from the field of geomorphology.
Obtaining architectural descriptions from legacy systems: the architectural synthesis process (asp)

A majority of software development today involves maintenance or evolution of legacy systems. Evolving these legacy systems, while maintaining good software design principles, is a significant challenge. Research has shown the benefits of using software architecture as an abstraction to analyze quality attributes of proposed designs. Unfortunately, for most legacy systems, a documented software architecture does not exist. Developing a good architectural description frequently requires extensive experience on the part of the developer trying to recover the legacy system's architecture. This work first describes a four-phase process that provides a framework within which architectural recovery activities can be automated. These phases consist of: extraction (obtaining a subset of information about the legacy system from a single source), classification (partitioning the information based upon its viewpoint), union (combining all the information in a particular viewpoint into a candidate view), and fusion (cross-checking all candidate views for consistency. The work then concentrates on the major problem facing automated architectural recovery—the concept assignment problem. To overcome this problem, a technique called semantic approximation is presented and validated via experimental results. Semantic approximation uses a combination of text data mining and a mathematical technique called concept analysis to build a lattice of similar concepts between higher-level domain information and low-level code concepts. The experimental data reveals that while semantic approximation does improve results over the more traditional lexical and topological approaches, it does not yet fully solve the concept assignment problem.
Efficacy of Prehospital Criteria in Identifying Trauma Patients Susceptible to Undertriage

This study examined emergency department medical records to identify cases of inappropriately low trauma-level activation and factors associated with the risk of such undertriage.
Machine-learning based error prediction approach for coarse-grid Computational Fluid Dynamics (CG-CFD)

Abstract Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is one of the modeling approaches essential to identifying the parameters that affect Containment Thermal Hydraulics (CTH) phenomena. While the CFD approach can capture the multidimensional behavior of CTH phenomena, its computational cost is high when modeling complex accident scenarios. To mitigate this expense, we propose reliance on coarse-grid CFD (CG-CFD). Coarsening the computational grid increases the grid-induced error thus requiring a novel approach that will produce a surrogate model predicting the distribution of the CG-CFD local error and correcting the fluid-flow variables. Given sufficiently fine-mesh simulations, a surrogate model can be trained to predict the CG-CFD local errors as a function of the coarse-grid local flow features. The surrogate model is constructed using Machine Learning (ML) regression algorithms. Two of the widely used ML regression algorithms were tested: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF). The proposed CG-CFD method is illustrated with a three-dimensional turbulent flow inside a lid-driven cavity. We studied a set of scenarios to investigate the capability of the surrogate model to interpolate and extrapolate outside the training data range. The proposed method has proven capable of correcting the coarse-grid results and obtaining reasonable predictions for new cases (of different Reynolds number, different grid sizes, or larger geometries). Based on the investigated cases, we found this novel method maximizes the benefit of the available data and shows potential for a good predictive capability.
Do you filter who you are?: Excessive self-presentation, social cues, and user evaluations of Instagram selfies

Abstract Innovation in the areas of social media, mobile devices, and wireless connectivity fosters new reflections on communication research, specifically in the area of self-presentation. In this paper, selfies publicly posted on Instagram (N = 1873) were analyzed to see if excessive self-presentation, operationalized as the use of photo filters in selfies, is negatively related to social media users’ evaluation of the person in the selfie. The data showed that using photo filters in selfies was associated with fewer likes received from other social media users. In addition, use of social cues in selfies is positively associated with higher number of likes on Instagram. Theoretical and practical implications of these phenomena are also discussed.
Risk Factors for Multiple Epinephrine Doses in Food-Triggered Anaphylaxis in Children

A Tsuang, NR Menon, N Bahri, LS Geyman, A Nowak-W×grzyn. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121(4):469–473 To examine risk factors of multiple-dose epinephrine treatment in pediatric food-induced anaphylaxis. In a total of 642 surveys, participants reported allergic reactions. The median age of the child was 2.5 years, 59% were boys, and 77% were white. Allergy to peanut and tree nut were the most common in this population. Prospective follow-up data were collected from the same respondents at median age 7.5 …
A biosorption-based approach for selective extraction of rare earth elements from coal byproducts

Abstract Coal byproducts represent an abundant and untapped potential source of critical rare earth elements (REEs). In this study, we tested the efficacy of a biosorption-based approach to recover REEs from leachate solutions derived from North Dakota lignite coal and Powder River Basin (PRB) coal fly ash. A pairwise comparison was performed using a range of cell densities of two distinct bacteria, including an Escherichia coli strain previously genetically engineered for cell surface display of lanthanide binding tags, and Arthrobacter nicotianae, a native bacterium that exhibits high REE adsorption capacity. At optimal cell densities, we observed a recovery efficiency of 80% for total REEs and > 90% for middle and heavy REEs from the lignite leachate. Higher cell densities were required to achieve a similar total REE recovery efficiency in the PRB leachate due to its higher non-REE content, which negatively impacted light REE recovery. Despite the chemical complexity of both feedstocks, separation factors ≥ 30 were observed for Nd relative to nearly all non-REE metals after a single adsorption/desorption cycle, highlighting the high adsorption selectivity for REEs. Quantification of impurities in the extracted metal solutions revealed that Ca and Mg content in the leachate solutions play a dominant role in both the REE recovery yield and purity. The Mg/Ca impurities can be further reduced by incorporation of a low pH wash step between the adsorption and desorption steps, yielding extracted concentrates with a REE purity (mass fraction REE of total metals) of 80% and 50% for lignite and PRB, respectively. Thermodynamic speciation analysis of the REE-enriched eluents from both feedstocks suggests that at a post-biosorption hydroxide precipitation step can be employed to yield high purity total REE precipitates. Collectively, these results highlight the utility of biosorption for selective REE recovery from coal byproducts and pave the way for a sustainable route to diversify the REE supply chain.
An interaction between fetal sex and placental weight and efficiency predicts intrauterine growth in response to maternal protein insufficiency and gestational exposure window in a mouse model of FASD

Individuals exposed to gestational stressors such as alcohol exhibit a spectrum of growth patterns, suggesting individualized responses to the stressors. We hypothesized that intrauterine growth responses to gestational alcohol are modified not only by the stressor’s severity but by fetal sex and the placenta’s adaptive capacity. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 consumed a normal protein diet (18% protein by weight) and received 4.5 g alcohol/kg body weight (NP-Alc-8) or isocaloric maltodextrin (NP-MD-8) daily from embryonic day (E) 8.5–E17.5. Group 2 consumed the same diet but received alcohol (NP-Alc-13) or maltodextrin (NP-MD-13) daily from E13.5–E17.5. Group 3 consumed the same diet but containing a lower protein content (12% protein by weight) from E0.5 and also received alcohol (LP-Alc-8) or maltodextrin (LP-MD-8) daily from E8.5–E17.5. Maternal, placental, and fetal outcomes were assessed on E17.5 using 2-way ANOVA or mixed linear model. We found that intrauterine growth differed in the alcohol-exposed fetuses depending on sex and insult severity. Both NP-Alc-8 (vs. NP-MD-8) males and females had lower body weight and asymmetrical growth, but only NP-Alc-8 females had lower placental weight (P < 0.05). NP-Alc-13 (vs. NP-MD-13) females, but not their male littermates, had lower body weight (P = 0.019). Alcohol exposure beginning from E8.5 (vs. E13.5) decreased the ratio of fetal liver-to-body weight and increased the ratio of fetal brain-to-liver weight in both sexes (P < 0.05). LP-Alc-8 (vs. NP-MD-8) group had smaller litter size (P = 0.048), but the survivors had normal placental and body weight at E17.5. Nevertheless, LP-Alc-8 fetuses still showed asymmetrical growth. Correlation analyses reveal a relationship between litter size and placental outcomes, which were related to fetal outcomes in a sex-dependent manner, suggesting that the placenta may mediate the consequence of LP-Alc-altered litter size on fetal development. Our data indicate that the placenta is strongly involved in the fetal stress response and adapts in a sex-dependent fashion to support fetal development under the alcohol stressor. These variables may further influence the spectrum of intrauterine growth outcomes observed in those diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
Wie wir zusammenleben

Gerade die industrialisierten Staaten dieser Welt sind in besonderem Mase durch die moderne Epidemie von sozialer Isolation und Einsamkeit bedroht. Einsamkeit erhoht unser Risiko fur Depressionen und Demenzen, und sie verkurzt unsere Lebenserwartung. Einsamkeit ist kein Problem des Individuums, das sich also durch eine individuelle Intervention (z. B. durch ein Pharmakon) losen lasst, sondern eines der sozialen Organisation. Ursachen fur die epidemische Zunahme von Einsamkeit sind das rasche Wachstum von Technologie und sozialen Medien, die Globalisierung und die Polarisierung von Gesellschaften. Technologie und Globalisierung haben die Lebensqualitat weltweit in bedeutsamem Mase gesteigert, gleichzeitig aber haben sie auch das soziale Miteinander verandert und die traditionellen sozialen Verbindungen zerstort. Auch dieser Bedrohung unserer psychischen Gesundheit mussen wir uns annehmen.
Data analytics in pediatric cardiac intensive care: How and what can we learn to improve care

Abstract Infants and children with congenital and acquired heart disease carry a significant burden of morbidity and mortality around the time of cardiothoracic surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass. Identifying patients with unstable physiology, at risk for clinical deterioration, is a constant struggle, limited by issues of patient complexity, information overload, and distraction all competing for the finite resource of clinician cognitive processing throughput. Advances in clinical data management and analysis hold the potential to assist clinicians in identifying patients at high risk of deterioration. High-frequency, high-fidelity capture of physiologic data can improve diagnostic precision and identification of rapidly changing patient states. Optimal formatting of data display can improve clinician comprehension of patient state and decrease cognitive burden. Finally, using this data to build novel clinical decision support tools can assist the inexperienced, fatigued, distracted, or unaware clinician in making appropriate and timely clinical decisions on critically ill patients.
COVID-19 associated mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes among US women veterans.

The burden of COVID-19 has been noted to be disproportionately greater in minority women, a population that is nevertheless still understudied in COVID-19 research. We conducted an observational study to examine COVID-19-associated mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes after testing (henceforth index) among a racially diverse adult women veteran population. We assembled a retrospective cohort from a Veterans Affairs (VA) national COVID-19 shared data repository, collected between February and August 2020. A case was defined as a woman veteran who tested positive for SARS-COV-2, and a control as a woman veteran who tested negative. We used Kaplan–Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards model to examine the distribution of time to death and the effects of baseline predictors on mortality risk. We used generalized linear models to examine 60-day cardiovascular disease outcomes. Covariates studied included age, body mass index (BMI), and active smoking status at index, and pre-existing conditions of diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a history of treatment with antiplatelet or anti-thrombotic drug at any time in the 2 years prior to the index date. Women veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had 4 times higher mortality risk than women veterans who tested negative (Hazard Ratio 3.8, 95% Confidence Interval CI 2.92 to 4.89) but had lower risk of cardiovascular events (Odds Ratio OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.92) and developing new heart disease conditions within 60 days (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.77). Older age, obesity (BMI > 30), and prior CVD and COPD conditions were positively associated with increased mortality in 60 days. Despite a higher infection rate among minority women veterans, there was no significant race difference in mortality, cardiovascular events, or onset of heart disease. SARS-CoV-2 infection increased short-term mortality risk among women veterans similarly across race groups. However, there was no evidence of increased cardiovascular disease incidence in 60 days. A longer follow-up of women veterans who tested positive is warranted.