cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measured performance of DICOM-TCP AND DICOM-ISO implementations

The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) 3.0 Standard is a multi-part document which defines point to point and network-based communication. The standard is modular in design to allow individual parts to change independently and to allow new parts to be added as needed. Part 8 of the standard specifies how DICOM applications can be layered on top of an Upper Layer Protocol defined for TCP/IP or on top of ISO network profiles.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Incorporating Unobserved Cyclical Stock Movements in Fishery Catch Equations: An Application to the Florida Blue Crab Fishery

Abstract Continuous time series data on stock levels frequently are nonexistent, necessitating the use of proxy measures such as catch per unit effort. When stocks exhibit seasonal or cyclical movements, the use of such proxy measures may lead to erroneous inferences regarding fishery management alternatives. Spectral analysis was used to identify and incorporate unobserved cyclical stock movements into an aggregate catch equation for the west coast Florida blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) fishery.
Successful heart transplantation with acquired pulmonary artery atresia

Orthotopic cardiac transplantation was performed successfully in a patient with acquired atresia of the left pulmonary artery 19 years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Only the right lung could be incorporated into the cardiopulmonary circulation at transplantation, resulting in transient right ventricular dysfunction, which resolved with vasodilator therapy. Perfusion of a single pulmonary vascular bed does not preclude successful heart transplantation, provided there is a low pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery architecture free of stenoses.
Dynamic competition in IT security: A differential games approach

Hackers evaluate potential targets to identify poorly defended firms to attack, creating competition in IT security between firms that possess similar information assets. We utilize a differential game framework to analyze the continuous time IT security investment decisions of firms in such a target group. We derive the steady state equilibrium of the duopolistic differential game, show how implicit competition induces overspending in IT defense, and then demonstrate how such overinvestment can be combated by innovatively managing the otherwise misaligned incentives for coordination. We show that in order to achieve cooperation, the firm with the higher asset value must take the lead and provide appropriate incentives to elicit participation of the other firm. Our analysis indicates that IT security planning should not remain an internal, firm-level decision, but also incorporate the actions of those firms that hackers consider as alternative targets.
Is the c State of CH2 Linear or Bent

The ˜c state of CH2 is found to be bent at the highest levels of theory used in this work, but the energy difference between the linear and bent geometries is only about 10 cm−1. Improving the basis set or correlation treatment favors the linear geometry over the bent, thus it is impossible to definitively determine if the ˜c state has a barrier in its bending potential. If there is a barrier, it is clear that it will be so small that the ˜c state will be quasilinear.
Global Village or CyberBalkans: Modeling and Measuring the Integration of Electronic Communities

Information technology can link geographically separated people and help them locate interesting or useful resources. These attributes have the potential to bridge gaps and unite communities. Paradoxically, they also have the potential to fragment interaction and divide groups. Advances in technology can make it easier for people to spend more time on special interests and to screen out unwanted contact. Geographic boundaries can thus be supplanted by boundaries on other dimensions. This paper formally defines a precise set of measures of information integration and develops a model of individual knowledge profiles and community affiliation. These factors suggest specific conditions under which improved access, search, and screening can either integrate or fragment interaction on various dimensions. As IT capabilities continue to improve, preferences - not geography or technology - become the key determinants of community boundaries.
Experiences combining technology, assessment, and feedback to improve student learning in mechanical engineering thermal science courses

This paper describes techniques that have been developed to combine technology, assessment and feedback in two different required undergraduate courses in mechanical engineering. In both thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, technology was incorporated in a variety of ways. For example, the daily learning objectives and class syllabi were provided to the students via the Web, which allowed for the inclusion of just-in-time responsive content for the courses. Assessment of student learning was incorporated into all aspects of the course, for example, hand-in assignments were made for reading assignments. Feedback was provided on these reading assignments. Summative feedback was provided through exams and homework. The exams included conventional problems in addition to concept questions. Technology, assessment, and feedback were combined through the use of a personal response system, and in-class assessment questions. The in-class assessment questions included concept questions and questions that allowed students to assess their understanding of specific skills needed in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. A post course survey method was used in evaluating the effectiveness of these techniques on student study habits, student learning, and long-term retention of the material, in addition to issues about class size. In general, students found these methods to be very helpful to their learning, allowing them to form a somewhat robust conceptual framework for the course material
Design tradeoffs and technology outlook of highly compact integrated AC motors

Integrated AC motors offer many desirable features, such as high compactness, reduced material cost, reduced engineering time for installation or integration and better protection against short circuiting and overvoltage due to dv/dt induced voltage reflection waves. This paper discusses the basic considerations of temperature sensitive component selection, device availability, design tradeoffs and reduction of the DC link capacitor which is the weakest component in the system. Preliminary experimental results are reported to verify the design concept. A brief technology outlook is given to prepare future challenges.
F-Box Proteins FKF1 and LKP2 Act in Concert with ZEITLUPE to Control Arabidopsis Clock Progression

Regulation of protein turnover mediated by ZEITLUPE (ZTL) constitutes an important mechanism of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report that FLAVIN BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX1 (FKF1) and LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2) play similar roles to ZTL in the circadian clock when ZTL is absent. In contrast with subtle circadian clock defects in fkf1, the clock in ztl fkf1 has a considerably longer period than in ztl. In ztl fkf1 lkp2, several clock parameters were even more severely affected than in ztl fkf1. Although LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) expression levels are lower in ztl than in the wild type, introducing both fkf1 and lkp2 mutations into the ztl mutant dramatically diminished LHY expression without further affecting CCA1 expression. This demonstrates different contributions of ZTL, FKF1, and LKP2 in the regulation of LHY and CCA1 expression. In addition, FKF1 and LKP2 also interacted with TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1) and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR5 (PRR5), and both proteins were further stabilized in ztl fkf1 and ztl fkf1 lkp2 compared with in ztl. Our results indicate that ZTL, FKF1, and LKP2 together regulate TOC1 and PRR5 degradation and are major contributors to determining the period of circadian oscillation and enhancing robustness.
Phase Separation of Liquid Mixtures in the Presence of Surfactants

The presence of surface-active compounds does not influence the settling time of a partially miscible liquid mixture as it phase separates. On the other hand, when the same mixture is agitated isot...
Tomotherapy: A new concept for the delivery of dynamic conformal radiotherapy

Tomotherapy, literally ‘‘slice therapy,’’ is a proposal for the delivery of radiation therapy with intensity‐modulated strips of radiation. The proposed method employs a linear accelerator, or another radiation‐emitting device, which would be mounted on a ring gantry like a CT scanner. The patient would move through the bore of the gantry simultaneously with gantry rotation. The intensity modulation would be performed by temporally modulated multiple independent leaves that open and close across the slit opening. At any given time, any leaf would be (1) closed, covering a portion of the slit, (2) open, allowing radiation through, or (3) changing between these states. This method would result in the delivery of highly conformal radiation. Overall treatment times should be comparable with contemporary treatmentdelivery times. The ring gantry would make it convenient to mount a narrow multisegmented megavoltage detectorsystem for beam verification and a CT scanner on the treatment unit. Such a treatment unit could become a powerful tool for treatment planning, conformal treatment, and verification using tomographic images. The physical properties of this treatmentdelivery are evaluated and the fundamental design specifications are justified.
Double fusion for multimedia event detection

Multimedia Event Detection is a multimedia retrieval task with the goal of finding videos of a particular event in an internet video archive, given example videos and descriptions. We focus here on mining features of example videos to learn the most characteristic features, which requires a combination of multiple complementary types of features. Generally, early fusion and late fusion are two popular combination strategies. The former one fuses features before performing classification and the latter one combines output of classifiers from different features. In this paper, we introduce a fusion scheme named double fusion, which combines early fusion and late fusion together to incorporate their advantages. Results are reported on TRECVID MED 2010 and 2011 data sets. For MED 2010, we get a mean minimal normalized detection cost (MNDC) of 0.49, which exceeds the state of the art performance by more than 12 percent.
The Archivo de Protocolos de Sevilla

Protocolos or notarial acts are one of those historical sources that everyone talks about but few use. A few social historians such as James Lockhardt and Ruth Pike have assayed the rich ores of these documents (for Lima and Seville, respectively). Art historians have used them with profit, but only a few of an older generation of French historians and Louis-Andre Vigneras have done much with them for voyages of exploration. Yet they are the last truly rich source of historical information still awaiting study by students of the Expansion (1).
'Zone-refining' techniques for IC layout compaction

Zone-refining refers to a technique that forms a basis for layout compaction algorithms intermediate between one-dimensional (1-D) compactors and two-dimensional (2-D) placement techniques. An expanded zone in which 2-D refinement techniques are employed is repeatedly swept across the layout in different directions. The basic principle is reviewed and the computational complexity of zone refining is analyzed. The difficulties that had to be overcome in making the basic concept useful for compaction of integrated circuit layouts is discussed. One implementation is described, and some of the tradeoffs made and data structures used to obtain an efficient compactor are examined. The scope of possibilities for other implementations are discussed. >
Characterizing the performance of algorithms for lock-free objects

Concurrent access to shared data objects must be regulated by a concurrency control protocol to ensure correctness. Many concurrency control protocols require that a process set a lock on the data it accesses. Recently, there has been considerable interest in lock-free concurrency control algorithms. Lock-free algorithms offer the potential for better system performance because slow or failed processes do not block fast processes. Process "slowdowns" can occur due to cache line faults, memory and bus contention, page faults, context switching, NUMA architectures, heterogeneous architectures, or differences in operation execution time. Much work has been done to characterize the performance of locking algorithms, but little has been done to characterize the performance of lock-free algorithms. In this paper, we present a performance model for analyzing lock-free algorithms that studies the effects of slowdowns on performance. We find that lock-free algorithms are better than locking algorithms if the slowdowns are transient, but worse if the slowdowns are permanent. One implication of this result is that lock-free concurrent objects are appropriate for UMA architectures, but NUMA architectures require special protocols. >
Is choice the correct primitive? On using certainty equivalents and reference levels to predict choices among gambles

Choice is viewed as a derived, not a primitive, concept. Individual gambles are assigned subjective certainty equivalents (CE1); the choice setX has an associated reference level [RL(X)] based on the CE1S of its members; the outcomes of each gamble are recoded as deviations from the RL(X); and new CE2S are constructed. The gamble having the largest CE2 is chosen. The CEs are described by the rank-and sign-dependent theory of Luce (1992b). The concept of RL is studied axiomatically. The model predicts many behavioral anomalies and is tested with data sets of Mellers, Chang, Birnbaum, and Ordonez (1992).
Exploring Impacts of the EED 420 Science Methods Course on Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Views Regarding the Nature of Science.

This study explores the impact of a semester-long science methods course examining pre-service elementary teachers' views on the nature of science (NOS). Also examined were NOS characteristics that pre-service teachers incorporated into their science lesson plans and peer teachings, during the course. Data used for this study were obtained from 21 pre-service teachers who participated in the pre/post card exchange game, pre/post VNOS interviews, 5E lesson plans, and peer teaching performances. The results of the study showed that some changes were made as a result of EED 420— such as starting to view science as a data-gathering experimental endeavor, rather than just a theory- driven endeavor. None of the groups explicitly designed or taught their lesson's NOS aspects. The study posits that a mere one semester-long science method's course is insufficient to adequately improve understanding of the NOS, and to establish a sufficiently robust desire in pre-service teachers for them to implement NOS into their lessons.
CcpA causes repression of the phoPR promoter through a novel transcription start site, P(A6).

The Bacillus subtilis PhoPR two-component system is directly responsible for activation or repression of Pho regulon genes in response to phosphate deprivation. The response regulator, PhoP, and the histidine kinase, PhoR, are encoded in a single operon with a complex promoter region that contains five known transcription start sites, which respond to at least two regulatory proteins. We report here the identification of another direct regulator of phoPR transcription, carbon catabolite protein A, CcpA. This regulator functions in the presence of glucose or other readily metabolized carbon sources. The maximum derepression of phoPR expression in a ccpA mutant compared to a wild-type stain was observed under excess phosphate conditions with glucose either throughout growth in a high-phosphate defined medium or in a low-phosphate defined medium during exponential growth, a growth condition when phoPR transcription is low in a wild-type strain due to the absence of autoinduction. Either HPr or Crh were sufficient to cause CcpA dependent repression of the phoPR promoter in vivo. A ptsH1 (Hpr) crh double mutant completely relieves phoPR repression during phosphate starvation but not during phosphate replete growth. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that CcpA repressed phoPR transcription by binding directly to the cre consensus sequence present in the promoter. Primer extension and in vitro transcription studies revealed that the CcpA regulation of phoPR transcription was due to repression of PA6, a previously unidentified promoter positioned immediately upstream of the cre box. EσA was sufficient for transcription of PA6, which was repressed by CcpA in vitro. These studies showed direct repression by CcpA of a newly discovered EσA-responsive phoPR promoter that required either Hpr or Crh in vivo for direct binding to the putative consensus cre sequence located between PA6 and the five downstream promoters characterized previously.
Sire Breed Effects on Preweaning Traits of Crossbred and Purebred Calves from Angus or Hereford Dams

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate variation in calf performance from birth to weaning attributable to breed of sire (BRS), breed of dam (BRD), sex of calf, and all interactions. Records from 2,352 calves born at the Pinetree Research Unit of the Arkansas Experiment Station were utilized in the study. Physical environment and the available production resources make this location one of the more challenging environments for feeder calf production in the state. Some of these challenges include, but are not limited to, abundant rainfall, poorly drained soils, limited number of improved forage species, endo- and ectoparasites, fescue toxicities, and anaplasmosis. Calves resulted from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Santa Gertrudis, or Red Poll sires. Calf data collected were birth date, birth BW, preweaning ADG, weaning BW, weaning grade, and weaning body condition score (WBCS). Year, age of calf, BRD and BRS were significant (P
Large steps in cloth simulation

The bottle-neck in most cloth simulation systems is that time steps must be small to avoid numerical instability. This paper describes a cloth simulation system that can stably take large time steps. The simulation system couples a new technique for enforcing constraints on individual cloth particles with an implicit integration method. The simulator models cloth as a triangular mesh, with internal cloth forces derived using a simple continuum formulation that supports modeling operations such as local anisotropic stretch or compression; a unified treatment of damping forces is included as well. The implicit integration method generates a large, unbanded sparse linear system at each time step which is solved using a modified conjugate gradient method that simultaneously enforces particles’ constraints. The constraints are always maintained exactly, independent of the number of conjugate gradient iterations, which is typically small. The resulting simulation system is significantly faster than previous accounts of cloth simulation systems in the literature.
Optimal Scheduling of Radiotherapy and Angiogenic Inhibitors: A Mathematical Approach to the Antiangiogenic Hypothesis

We incorporate a previously validated mathematical model of a vascularized tumor into an optimal control problem to determine the temporal scheduling of radiotherapy and angiogenic inhibitors that maximizes the control of a primary tumor. Our results reveal that optimal antiangiogenic monotherapy gives a large initial injection to attain a 20:1 ratio of tumor cell volume to endothelial cell volume. It thereafter maintains this 20:1 ratio via a continuous dose rate that is intensified over time. In our optimal combination regimen, the antiangiogenic treatment again maintains a constant tumor-to-endothelial cell ratio, but is administered in a dose-intensified manner only during the latter portion of the radiation fractionation schedule.
Evaluation of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Appropriate Use Criteria for the management of full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Background The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) recently released Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) to aid in determining the appropriateness of treatment options. This study compares AAOS AUC recommendations with a cohort of patients treated for known full-thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Methods Prospectively collected demographic information, treatment allocation, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index scores of 134 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Other criteria required by the AAOS AUC were collected by retrospective record review. Criteria were entered into the AAOS AUC Web-based application to rate the "appropriateness" of treatment options. Ratings were compared with actual treatments and outcomes at 32- or 48-week follow-up. Results There was excellent agreement between the AUC recommendations and the actual treatment administered (κ = .945; 95% confidence interval, 0.892-1.000; P .0001). The administered treatment was "appropriate" for 79% of patients, "may be appropriate" for 19%, and "rarely appropriate" for 2%. Response to previous treatment ( P .0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification ( P .0001), and presence of muscle atrophy or fatty infiltration ( P = .047) were the only variables that significantly and independently predicted discordance between treatment and the AUC recommendation. In the cases (n = 3) of discordance, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved significantly more ( P = .049) than when there was agreement. Conclusions Improved clinical outcomes may be achieved for full-thickness RCTs when AAOS AUC recommendations are followed; however, because improved clinical outcomes may also be achieved when the recommendations are not followed, further investigation is needed in a population of patients in whom there is discordance between AAOS AUC recommendations and the treatment administered.
Sars, Public Health and Global Governance

To explore the intersections between the threats posed by new public health challenges and new theories of governance, in March 2004 Temple Law School's Institute for International Law and Public Policy hosted a meeting on SARS, Public Health and Global Governance. The meeting involved leading public health scholars; international legal experts; students of global governance; current and former government officials; and activists from the U.S. and abroad to engage in a sustained dialogue on these issues. This Symposium issue of the Temple Law Review includes articles based on the papers, and comments on the papers, presented at the meeting: China's Response to SARS Professor Ruotao Wang SARS and International Legal Preparedness Jason W. Sapsin et al. Are Traditional Public Health Strategies Consistent With Contemporary American Values? Mark A. Rothstein Atypical Pneumonia and Ambivalent Law and Politics: SARS and the Response to SARS in China Jacques deLisle Constitutional Outlines of Public Health's New World Order Professor David P. Fidler Politics, Power, and Public Health: A Comment on Public Health's New World Order Professor Laurence R. Helfer Between Isolationalism and Mutual Vulnerability: A South-North Perspective on Global Governance of Epidemics in an Age of Globalization Professor Obijiofor Aginam Is There a Government in the Cockpit: A Passenger's Perspective or Global Public Health: The Role of Human Rights Professor Sofia Gruskin Governance, Microgovernance and Health Professor Scott Burris The Quest for Global Governance in Intellectual Property and Public Health: Structural, Discursive, and Institutional Dimensions Professor Susan K. Sell Intellectual Property and Pharmaceutical Markets: A Nodal Governance Approach Peter Drahos
CuPYDC Metalloligands and Postsynthetic Rearrangement/Metalation as Routes to Bimetallic Uranyl Containing Hybrid Materials: Syntheses, Structures, and Fluorescence

Treatment of a molecular copper(II) 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylate metalloligand (CuL1) and a copper(II) 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate coordination polymer (CuL2) with the uranyl cation (UO22+) under hydrothermal conditions has yielded three new coordination polymers: [(UO2)(H2O)2(C7H3NO4)2Cu] (1), [(UO2)(H2O)2(C7H3NO4)2Cu]·H2O (2), and [(UO2)(OH)(H2O)(C7H3NO4)(C7H4NO4)Cu]·H2O (3). Compound 1 is formed upon the treatment of CuL1 with the uranyl cation to yield a one-dimensional coordination polymer. Compounds 2 and 3 are formed upon the rearrangement of the axially binding carboxylate groups in CuL2 to accommodate the uranyl cation to yield extended three-dimensional and two-dimensional topologies, respectively. Attempts to prepare compounds 1–3 via direct assembly have yet to be successful, suggesting that a prebound Cu(II) metal center may be necessary in the synthesis of these bimetallic coordination polymers. Investigation of the emissive properties and the local geometries of compounds 1–3 suggests that the a...
Nitrogen content of gastrointestinal tracts of rats during absorptive period.

Summary1) The basal level of endogenously supplied nitrogen in adult rats is about 5 mg after 1 1/2 hours, and this level is unaffected by protein depletion. On feeding skim milk powder, 22–27% of the ingested protein disappeared from the gastrointestinal tract within 3 hours. Under the conditions of these experiments the alleged homeostatic action of the gut in supplementing amino acids to deficient protein meals may be only negligible. 2) No significant differences have been observed in gastric emptying time, rate of absorption, or digestion between skim milk powders dried at low or high temperature.
Protein secondary structure preferencs

This paper addresses the question to what extent steric properties of sequence neighbors effect the preferences of an amino acid residue to assume theα-helical or some other secondary structure conformation. We find that an amino acid has increased tendency to be inα-helical conformation when its sequence neighbors are bulky. This result is an outcome of our automated method for finding conformational preferences as functions of physical parameters important for protein folding. The steric environment for a given residue in a protein is defined as an average of water-accessible surface areas of its primary structure neighbors in extended conformation for model tripeptides. For all amino acids, including non-helix formers like glycine and arginine, the preference for the helical structure increases if their primary structure neighbors form a larger steric environment.
Nitroxidation of H-Terminated Si(111) Surfaces with Nitrobenzene and Nitrosobenzene

Ultrathin silicon oxynitride films have attracted substantial attention as gate dielectrics. In this work, we investigate a wet-chemistry approach to introduce a monolayer silicon oxynitride film by reacting H-terminated Si(111) surface with nitro- or nitrosobenzene. The bifunctional aromatic molecules serve as a source of oxygen and nitrogen, while phenyl ring remains intact after the reaction and can be used for further modifications or as a resist. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to confirm surface reaction and to quantify surface coverage. Density functional theory (DFT) cluster calculations were employed to explore feasible reaction pathways, predict the vibrational spectra of possible reaction products, and compare the observed XPS binding energies with calculated N 1s core level energies. Substantial differences in reactions of these two molecules on silicon provide the opportunity to tune the nitroxidation process to achieve the d...
Legal Briefs: Blindness From Retinopathy of Prematurity

A 535-g 24-weeks’-gestation boy, twin a, is delivered by cesarean delivery to a 31-year-old G1P0 woman. Her pregnancy was complicated by a twin-to-twin-transfusion, emerging intrauterine growth retardation in twin A, 4-day rupture of membranes, and premature labor. The infant was delivered after a full course of antenatal steroids. The Apgar scores were 5 and 7 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The infant received surfactant replacement therapy in the delivery room and a transfusion several hours after birth for a hematocrit level of 25% (0.25). He did not require further surfactant dosing, but was receiving assisted ventilation for approximately 6 weeks. He had a benign neonatal course. The neonatologist consulted an ophthalmologist to do the screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The first examination was done timely according to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Ophthalmology Guidelines, and it was performed at 6 weeks when the infant was 30 weeks old. The evaluation revealed incomplete vascularization, documented by the ophthalmologists as “fetal fundi.” The next examination was when the child was 8 weeks, or 31 6/7 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). The findings were reported to be ROP “grade” II zone II OS, no plus disease. No diagrams were used in the charting. The plaintiff neonatologist and ophthalmologists were critical about the ophthalmologist not using the terminology of the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP). They maintained that ROP should be described by severity by using the term “ stage, ” not grade and Roman numerals I, II, and III. A properly documented ROP examination would include drawings of the retinas with specific standardized methods of diagramming the location and extent of the stages. Failures to indicate the ROP demonstrated that the ophthalmologist was, at best, only casually familiar with ICROP. Because the ICROP is the foundation …
Sedative hypnotic use among veterans with a newly reported mental health disorder.

Background: This study compared sedative hypnotic use by type of mental health diagnosis and determined factors associated with use among older veterans (65+ years) with a newly reported mental health disorder. Methods: This study used data from veterans who received primary care services at VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (VAPHS) from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011 (n = 879). Results: Sedative hypnotics were commonly used in older veterans within 12-months following a newly reported mental health disorder (19.9%), particularly amongst those with insomnia (41.7%). The number of newly reported mental health disorders was a significant factor associated with sedative hypnotic use, with the odds of use increasing by more than 200% in older adults with two newly reported disorders compared to those with one newly reported mental health disorder. Conclusions: Continued efforts are needed to improve provider and patient awareness of the risks associated with sedative hypnotic use in older adults, as well as to increase access to and receipt of non-pharmacological mental health treatments for this vulnerable population.
Influence of dietary forage and energy intake on metabolism and acyl-CoA synthetase activity in bovine ruminal epithelial tissue.

Twenty calves (7 mo old) were blocked by breed, sex, and weight into five groups of four calves and randomly assigned to either a 90% forage (alfalfa) or a 90% grain (50% sorghum and 50% wheat) diet fed at one (1M) or two (2M) times NEm for 140 d. Samples of ruminal epithelial tissue were collected from the anterior ventral sac, and papillae were cut free by hand and used for in vitro incubations and acyl-CoA synthetase assays. Substrates were acetate (90 mM), propionate (60 mM), butyrate (30 mM), and glucose (20 mM). Net productions of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate from acetate were greater (P less than .01) with the 2M feeding; however, 14CO2 production from acetate was greater (P less than .05) with the grain diet. Net production of lactate (P = .09) and pyruvate (P less than .01) from propionate increased with the 2M feeding, whereas net lactate production from glucose decreased (P less than .01). Uptakes of VFA were similar with 1M and 2M feeding and were about 10-fold greater than uptakes of glucose. Production of 14CO2 from propionate was two- to fivefold greater than from acetate, butyrate, or glucose. Oxygen consumption was greater (P less than .01) with 2M feeding and unaffected by substrate. Activities of butyryl-CoA synthetase (nmol.mg of tissue-1.h-1) were greater (P less than .05) for animals consuming the forage diets. Addition of butyrate inhibited acetyl- and propionyl-CoA synthetase activity by 63 and 92%, respectively for all dietary treatments. Overall, metabolism of ruminal epithelial tissue tended to increase with the 2M feeding. Influence of dietary forage content on metabolism and activity of acyl-CoA synthetases was minimal, but the high-forage diet caused slight increases.
Histologic features associated with hormonal responsiveness of ectopic endometrium

Objective To correlate histologic parameters of endometriosis with hormonal responsiveness. Design Seven hundred sixty-eight unselected endometriotic implants and the corresponding intrauterine endometrium from 196 patients were classified by standard endometrial dating criteria. In addition, other histologic characteristics of endometriotic implants such as the amount of stroma, amount of fibrosis, the presence of surface epithelium, presence of focal hemorrhage, and gland characteristics were also noted. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Main Outcome Measures Comparison of histologic dating between endometriotic implants and the corresponding endometrium as a function of histologic parameters. Results Implants that were synchronous with the corresponding eutopic endometrium had more stroma than those that were out of phase. The amount of fibrosis was inversely related to hormonal responsiveness. The presence of surface epithelium in implants was also associated with an impaired response (28.0% versus 48.0% in phase). Endometriomas were found to be in phase with the corresponding endometrium less often than other types of implants (21.7% versus 43.3%). Although endometriomas had similar amounts of stroma when compared with other implants, they had significantly more fibrosis (850.2 μ m versus 195.0 μ m). Conclusions These results suggest that the unpredictable response of endometriotic implants to cyclic endogenous hormones and hormonal therapy may be related to the architectural relationships between the cellular elements found in normal endometrium.
Oxoanions stimulate in vitro ovulation and signal transduction pathways in goldfish (Carassius auratus) follicles

The present study investigated the effects of a number of oxoanion compounds on in vitro ovulation of goldfish follicles and ovarian second messenger activities. Significant levels of ovulation wer...
Equivalence Test for Two Emax Response Curves

ABSTRACTThe evaluation of equivalence of response profiles including both dose–response and time–response curves plays an important role in the development of biosimilars. The 2014 FDA draft guidance of clinical pharmacology data to support a demonstration of biosimilarity to a reference product indicates that “if clinical pharmacology similarity between products is demonstrated, in some instances this may complete the clinical evaluation, and in others it may support a more targeted clinical development program.” The methodology how to demonstrate the equivalence on two response profiles, however, seems to be unclear in the regulatory guidance. In this article, we study the problem of equivalence test for two Emax response curves. First, we find the location where the largest absolution difference between the two Emax curves occurs, and show that the location only depends on the ratios of the parameters between the two Emax models. Then we propose a new method to test the equivalence between the two Emax...
Occupation and the risk of chronic toxic leukoencephalopathy

Among the hundreds of environmental insults capable of inducing nervous system injury, a small number can produce clinically significant damage to the brain white matter. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in affected individuals has greatly illuminated this previously obscure area of neurotoxicology. Toxic leukoencephalopathy has acute and chronic forms, in both of which cognitive dysfunction is the major clinical manifestation. Chronic toxic leukoencephalopathy (CTL) has been most thoroughly described in individuals with intense and prolonged exposure to leukotoxins, but the consequences of lesser degrees of exposure are not well understood. Rare cases of CTL have been reported in workers exposed to culpable leukotoxins, but study of this syndrome is hindered by many confounds such as uncertain level of toxin exposure, the presence of multiple toxins, vague dose-response relationship, comorbid medical or neurologic disorders, psychiatric illness, and legal issues. The risk of CTL in workers is low, although it is not possible to determine quantitative risk estimates. More knowledge can be expected with the application of advanced MRI techniques to the assessment of workers who may have been exposed to known or potential leukotoxins. Preventive measures for avoiding workplace CTL will be informed by clinical assessment involving the use of advanced neuroimaging and neuropsychologic evaluation in combination with accurate measurement of leukotoxin exposure.
Evolution of extensional styles at the southern termination of the Nordland Ridge, Mid-Norway: a response to variations in coupling above Triassic salt

The southern termination of the Nordland Ridge, mid-Norway exhibits variations in extensional style which can be attributed to differing degrees of coupling between pre-salt ‘basement’ and post-salt ‘cover’ strata. South of the Nordland Ridge, Jurassic and Cretaceous extension is distributed relatively uniformly over the 80 km wide Halten Terrace. Further to the north the zone of extension narrows to less than 40 km and the majority of the extension is taken up on the Revfallet Fault, which separates the Donna Terrace from the Nordland Ridge. Displacement on the Revfallet Fault, at basement level, increases progressively from its zero displacement tip to a maximum of 7 km, 60 km to the north. At low displacements, extension in the cover is decoupled from the basement extension and vertical level changes are accommodated by monoclinal flexure. As displacement on the Revfallet Fault increases, the degree of basement-cover coupling increases and a much closer spatial link between deformation in the basement and in the cover is evident. This progressive increase in degree of coupling is characterized by increased footwall uplift and decreased extension in the cover away from the master fault. The degree of basement-cover coupling can also be shown to vary not only with displacement but also with time, in response to variable strain rates. Initial extension during the Jurassic was predominantly decoupled and occurred over 50 Ma period. After 40 50 Ma of relative quiescence, the major extensional episode occurred within a comparatively short 10 Ma period in the mid-Cretaceous. This later period of rapid extension requires strain rates at least an order of magnitude greater than those of the Jurassic. The results of this study have led to significant changes in the regional tectono-stratigraphic model.
How Digital Currencies Will Cascade up to a Global Stable Currency: The Fundamental Framework for the Money of the Future

Assortment of nonspeculative digital currencies will coagulate into combined currencies, cascading toward an inherently stable global currency, unleashing a new prosperity propelled by a stability-leveraged credit market, and weaving securitization into the currency itself—coexistence with national fiat currencies.
HINTS for differentiating peripheral from central causes of vertigo

Dizziness and vertigo are common and difficult complaints encountered by providers. The differential diagnosis is large and varies from benign to life-threatening disorders. The true challenge becomes differentiating benign peripheral vertigo from central vertigo. The HINTS examination can help differentiate peripheral from central causes of dizziness and vertigo.
Smart meter deployment in Europe: A comparative case study on the impacts of national policy schemes

Abstract While low-carbon energy technologies are often regarded as a key solution to climate change mitigation, the successful transformation to a clean energy economy requires a solid scientific understanding of the technological change process and the role of public policies. To better support effective policy making, we conducted a comparative case study to investigate how the choice of policy bundles has led to the cross-national variation in smart meter deployment in Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. We found that countries with a combination of policy measures that address multiple barriers to smart meters tend to be leaders, while laggards often overlook or fail to adopt policies to overcome key barriers. This research builds on technology diffusion and policy impact assessment literature and provides valuable insights on the design of effective policy tools to promote clean energy innovations.
Generalizing Diversification Theory across Economic Sectors: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations

The diversification-performance literature emphasizes the application of quantitative diversification measures and the need for a unified theory of diversification. There has been little discussion...
Reducing Aggression in Children through Social Interventions

Recent research has demonstrated that aggressive behavior develops early in life and is a relatively stable characteristic over time and across situations (Huesmann, Eron, Lefkowitz, & Walder, 1984; Olweus, 1979; Roff & Wirt, 1984). Huesmann et al. (1984) reported an impressive relation for males between peer-rated aggression in the third grade and aggression measured 22 years later by self-ratings of aggression, spouse abuse, and punishment of children, and by objective assessments (traffic violations and criminal offenses). An aggressive style of solving problems in childhood is related concurrently to other potentially handicapping problems, such as academic disability (Huesmann, Eron, & Yarmel, 1987) and peer rejection (Dubow & Cappas, 1988). Such evidence underscores the need to develop interventions to mitigate aggression in childhood before it becomes a deeply ingrained method of solving problems.
DNA Methylation Differences in Twins Discordant for Adolescent/Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is derived from germinal center B-lymphocytes, has a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults (AYA) in developed countries and results in substantial treatment-related late effects. We previously identified a SNP (rs1860661G) in the TCF3 gene, inversely associated with HL risk, that is also mutated in tumor cells. The protein encoded by TCF3 is responsible for maintaining the B-cell program, which is downregulated in HRS cells; therefore higher expression levels may be protective. 1 DNA methylation is associated with repression of gene expression and may thereby play a role in HL pathogenesis. We extracted DNA from blood samples obtained from HL survivors and their unaffected monozygotic MZ twins (4 female and 5 male twin pairs discordant for AYA HL). Average age at blood draw was 62 years, and average time since diagnosis of the case was 34 years. We also extracted DNA from blood samples from 25 unaffected MZ twin pairs as control pairs. DNAs were bisulfite converted and DNA methylation quantified using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array, which scores methylation levels as β values. We compared average DNA methylation β value differences at the TCF3 locus cg16524139 (near rs1860661) in HL survivors and their unaffected co-twins using a paired t-test. We also examined the TCF3 germline genotype by DNA methylation level rank in HL-discordant pairs. We also computed DNA methylation age, a global measure of physiological aging, using a validated algorithm 2 and compared the result in the HL survivor to that of each corresponding unaffected co-twin using a paired t-test. We found a small but significantly higher DNA methylation level at the TCF3 locus in HL survivors compared to their unaffected co-twins (p=0.05), but no difference between the members of healthy MZ twin pairs (p=0.81). The protective allele (G) was more prevalent in the 6 pairs with higher DNA methylation level in HL survivors (33%), compared to the 3 pairs with higher levels in unaffected co-twins (17%). This pattern would be expected if methylation at the cg16524139 were to diminish TCF3 expression related to a protective rs1860661G variant. HL survivors had an average DNA methylation age of 64.1 years compared to 61.3 years in their unaffected MZ co-twins (p=0.04). Differential DNA methylation in HL survivors and their unaffected twins suggests a role for DNA methylation in HL, possibly as a result of treatment or disease. 1. Cozen W, Timofeeva MN, Li D, Diepstra A, Hazelett D, Delahaye-Sourdeix M, et al.: A meta-analysis of Hodgkin lymphoma reveals 19p13.3 TCF3 as a novel susceptibility locus. Nat Comm 25:3856. doi: 10.1038/ ncomms 4856, 2014 2. Horvath S: DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol, 14:R115 doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115, 2013. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Status and User Participation in Competitive Crowdsourcing

We examine the effects of diffused and specific status on user participation in online crowdsourcing contests. Drawing on prior insights from status characteristics theory (SCT), we hypothesize tha...
Marijuana and tobacco co-use among a nationally representative sample of US pregnant and non-pregnant women: 2005–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health findings

Abstract Background Marijuana and tobacco are the most commonly used illicit and licit drugs during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine a nationally representative sample of US pregnant women and to: (1) determine the prevalence of past month marijuana and tobacco co-use, (2) identify characteristics that distinguish marijuana and tobacco co-users from users of marijuana only, tobacco only, or neither, and (3) compare characteristics that differ between pregnant and non-pregnant co-users of marijuana and tobacco. Methods Data were obtained from 497,218 US women (8721 pregnant) ages 12–49 who participated in the 2005–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Prevalence and demographic and substance use characteristics were compared across groups using weighted estimates and chi-squared tests. Multinomial logistic regression identified demographic and substance use correlates of co-use. Results Co-use among pregnant and non-pregnant women was significantly more prevalent than marijuana-only use but was less common than tobacco-only use. In unadjusted frequencies, pregnant co-users significantly differed from non-pregnant co-users across several domains. Among pregnant women, multivariate correlates of co-use of tobacco and marijuana vs. tobacco-only use were ages 12–17, non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and past month polytobacco, any alcohol, and other drug use (all adjusted odds ratios ≥ 2.0). Conclusions In this first examination of the prevalence and correlates of co-use of marijuana and tobacco among a nationally representative group of pregnant women, pregnant co-users were more likely to report other high risk behaviors compared with non-pregnant co-users and users of a single substance, suggesting disparities worthy of further investigation.
Understanding and representing changing work structures and practices through art

ABSTRACTCourses: Organizational Communication, Advanced Organizational Communication, Organizing Work, Management/Organizational HistoryObjectives: This activity will help students to understand major shifts in the organization of work and creatively represent changing work structures and practices.