cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The emergence of silver sulphadiazine-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa

Summary Antimicrobial resistance is a well-documented phenomenon. Many microbial agents possess a multi-antimicrobial resistance which can be explained by the presence of a plasmid. Since the presence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of multiresistant plasmids which demonstrate a resistance to gentamicin has been reported, gentamicin-resistant strains isolated from our burn unit and other areas of the hospital environment were compared with gentamicin-sensitive strains. All resistant and sensitive strains, as determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, were tested using Nathan's agar well diffusion method against the following topical antibacterials: gentamicin sulphate cream, mafenide acetate cream and silver sulphadiazine cream. Zone sizes were calibrated and susceptibility was determined using Nathan's criteria. Twenty-four of 26 strains resistant to gentamicin were concomitantly resistant to silver sulphadiazine. Agar dilution assays confirm the silver sulphadiazine up to 200 μg/ml. The sensitive strains never demonstrated a resistance to silver sulphadiazine. Pyocin typing of all strains revealed that this phenomenon is not pyocin-type specific, but probably plasmid-directed.
Plasma flow around coronal loops

Current dissipation models of coronal loop heating are studied. Turbulent current dissipation is shown to lead to a time dependent process because of an enormous mass motion induced in the current layer. A stationary heating process involves only ohmic heating, which requires a large current layer. To insure MHD stability, the loop must be composed of many elements with the oppositely directed currents. A stationary current dissipation process induces the plasma motion across the magnetic field into the loop and down the loop with the speeds v ⊥ ∼ 104 cm s−1 and v ‖ ∼ 104 cm s−1, respectively. The pressure of the loop is also estimated to be proportional to the current density: p/J=6.3 × 10-8dyn/statamp.
Symanzik's improved actions from the viewpoint of the renormalization group

We investigate Symanzik's improvement program in a four-dimensional Euclidean scalar field theory with smooth momentum space cutoff. We use Wilson's renormalization group transformation to define the improved actions as a sequence of initial data for the effective action at the fundamental cutoff. This leads to a sequence of solutions to the renormalization group equation. We define the parameters of the improved actions implicitly by conditions on the effective action at a renormalization scale. The improved actions are close approximations to the continuum effective action. We prove their existence to every order of improvement and to every order of renormalized perturbation theory.
SU-E-I-04: An Analytical Model for Fast Computation of Scatter Estimation in KV Cone-Beam CT Images

Purpose: To develop an analytical model for fast and accurate scatter estimation in kV cone‐beam CT images. Methods: With a point source of 100 keV x‐rays we used the Klein‐Nishina (KN) formula for Compton scattering differential cross‐section and integrated the point scatter along an interaction line of tissue‐equivalent medium to obtain a beam‐scatter‐kernel (BSK). We limited our derivation to the case of small imaging field and small scattering angles. The Taylor series of the integrand was approximated by terms up to the 4th order. The integral was then simplified to an analytical form. To calculate attenuation in the medium for scattered photons, we assumed all the scattered photons from a BSK originate from the beam center and have the same energy as the primary photons. We then performed robust calculations using the point scatter theorem for a cubic water phantom (10×10×10 cm3) and treated the results as theoretical expectations for inter‐comparison. Results: Compared to the point‐kernel method, BSK calculations show a +10% systematic difference for either a perpendicular or a tilted beam for the absolute value of scatter fluence. However, the largest difference on the relative scatter distribution is as low as 0.4% and 2.5% for perpendicular and tilted beams, respectively. The largest relative difference for the whole phantom is about ‐ 1.8%. In computation time, our integrated scatter model is faster by over 2 orders than the point kernel method. Conclusion: Our kV scatter model shows a very high computational efficiency in scatter estimation. The expected behavior of scattering distribution is observed and well estimated. We are validating more thoroughly for small imaging fields (∼10×10cm2) and the model is expected to have great potential for imaging small objects and with interior reconstruction algorithms. Future work will extend the frame for multiple photon energies and tissue non‐homogeneity.
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA AND INTERLEUKIN-1 INDUCE ACTIVATION OF MAP KINASE AND SAP KINASE IN HUMAN NEUROMA FIBROBLASTS

Abstract Two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), which are released by macrophages during the early inflammatory phase of nerve injury, are known to induce activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), which locate at different signal transduction pathways and are involved in cell cycle G 0 / G 1 transition and cellular proliferation in human fibroblasts. Activation of these two protein kinases by the cytokines may stimulate fibroblast proliferation in damaged nerves and thereby play a role in the formation of a neuroma, a disorganized mass of tissue that interferes with neural regeneration and repair. To investigate the possibility that this mechanism is operative in neuroma formation, we used cultured, serum-starved fibroblasts from surgically removed human neuromas stimulated with TNF-α and/or IL-1α and IL-1β, and measured the activation of MAPK and SAPK using myelin basic protein (MBP) and human c-Jun (1–169) glutathione S-agarose transferase (GST) fusion protein as substrates. For comparison, neuroma fibroblast cultures were also stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), a potent activator for MAPK. TNF-α and both forms of IL-1 produced a rapid activation of MAPK, with a peak at 15 min for TNF-α stimulation, and a peak at 30 min for IL-1 stimulation. TNF-α combined with either IL-1α or IL-1β produced a synergistic effect on the activation of MAPK. The increases in MAPK induced by TNF-α and IL-1 were similar to the increases induced by PMA and PDGF-AB. To confirm the presence of MAPK, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting were carried out on experimental and control lysates. TNF-α and IL-1 also increased activation of SAPK, but to a lesser extent than MAPK. PMA and PDGF-AB were also much less effective in stimulating activation of SAPK. Our findings indicate that TNF-α and IL-1 activate parallel signal transduction pathways in human neuroma fibroblasts, and that they are relatively stronger activators of MAPK than of SAPK. Previous studies have convincingly demonstrated that MAPK and SAPK are involved in human fibroblast proliferation. The results of our study suggest that TNF-α and IL-1 may play a role in frustrating functional nerve regeneration after injury by stimulating these two kinases, which, in turn, leads to fibroblast proliferation and formation of neuromas. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
The electrolyte excretion with various forms of therapy in bronchial asthma

Abstract 1.1. In selected cases of chronic asthma in children, the ingestion of potassium chloride lead to a diuresis which did cause a loss of sodium from the body. 2.2. In the majority of the periods of observation, this situation was associated with an apparent improvement in the severity of the asthmatic symptoms. 3.3. On the other hand, the disease was aggravated by the retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium which occurred with the ingestion of sodium chloride and the administration of adrenal cortex extract and desoxycorticosterone acetate.
Structural Basis for Activation of ARF GTPase: Mechanisms of Guanine Nucleotide Exchange and GTP–Myristoyl Switching

Abstract Ras-related GTPases are positively regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that promote the exchange of GDP for GTP. The crystal structure of the Sec7 domain GEF bound to nucleotide-free ARF1 GTPase has been determined at 2.8 A resolution and the structure of ARF1 in the GTP-analog form determined at 1.6 A resolution. The Sec7 domain binds to the switch regions of ARF1 and inserts residues directly into the GTPase active site. The interaction leaves the purine-binding site intact but perturbs the Mg 2+ and phosphate groups to promote the dissociation of guanine nucleotides. The structure of ARF1 in the GTP-analog form closely resembles Ras, revealing a substantial rearrangement from the GDP conformation. The transition controls the exposure of the myristoylated N terminus, explaining how ARF GTPases couple the GDP–GTP conformational switch to membrane binding.
The dynamics of neurogenic signalling underlying bristle development in Drosophila melanogaster

We have examined expression of the neurogenic gene, Delta (Dl), and the regulatory relationships between the Delta-Notch signalling pathway and the proneural gene, achaete, during microchaeta development in Drosophila. Delta is expressed in all microchaeta proneural cells and microchaeta sensory organ precursors (SOPs) and is expressed dynamically in SOP progeny. We find that Delta expression in microchaeta proneural cells is detected prior to the onset of achaete expression and arises normally in the absence of achaete/scute function, indicating that initial Delta expression in the notum is not dependent on proneural gene function. Activation of the Delta-Notch pathway results in loss of Delta protein accumulation, suggesting that Delta expression is regulated, in part, by Delta-Notch signalling activity. We find that Delta signalling is required for correct delineation of early proneural gene expression in developing nota. Within microchaeta proneural stripes, we demonstrate that Delta-Notch signalling prohibits adoption of the SOP fate by repressing expression of proneural genes.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLEN AND MOLD SURVEY.

Abstract An eight year survey of daily pollen and mold counts from April 1 to September 30 in Providence, R. I., is presented. Each pollen season is subdivided into "peak" season, "average" season, and "fringe" area. The results are illustrated in Fig. 1. The effect of hurricanes on atmospheric pollens is discussed.
Subspace-based approach to carrier phase estimation

A subspace-based algorithm to estimate carrier phase for PSK modulation is described. The performance of the algorithm is close to the optimum maximum-likelihood estimate. The approach is blind and based on a subspace decomposition of the received data. Comparisons of our proposed approach are made with other techniques available in literature. The performance of the algorithm with respect to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the estimation of the carrier phase is investigated. Computer simulation results for BPSK, 4PSK and 8PSK are presented.
Anger, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder among female assault victims

The goal of the present study was to explore the relationship between anger and dissociation and their relationship to symptoms of posttrauma pathology. One hundred four female assault victims were assessed prospectively 2, 4, and 12 weeks postassault. Measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity, social functioning, anger, and dissociation were obtained at all assessments. Results revealed that differentiation between symptoms that predict later PTSD and impaired social functioning first becomes evident at 4 weeks postassault. At 4 weeks postassault, anger expression was predictive of later PTSD severity, whereas dissociation was predictive of poorer later functioning.
Magnetostriction and Permeability of Magnetite and Cobalt-Substituted Magnetite

The principal magnetostriction constants of magnetite were determined over the temperature range from 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by the strain gauge technique. Since ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{111}$ and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{100}$ are different in sign and practically constant over this entire range (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{111}\ensuremath{\approx}+80\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$; ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{100}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$) the change in direction of easy magnetization which occurs at 130\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is manifested by a change in structure of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ vs $H$ curves in a polycrystalline sample. The substitution of small amounts of cobalt for divalent iron in polycrystalline magnetite causes a marked shift upwards in the temperature of the maximum in initial permeability, which in the case of magnetite occurs at 130\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The temperature shift is practically linear with respect to cobalt ferrite content, the rate being $\mathrm{ca}$ 140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C/mole percent. Magnetostriction vs magnetic field curves for these specimens indicate that the shifted permeability peak is still associated with a change in direction of easy magnetization. The predicted anisotropy of cobalt ferrite, obtained by extrapolation of these results, is in reasonable agreement with the values measured directly by other investigators.
Cytologic features of recurrent lymphoma involving the urinary bladder.

Recurrent lymphoma of the bladder only occasionally presents with genitourinary symptoms, and there are very few cases in the literature reporting the cytologic findings of involvement of the urinary bladder by lymphoma. We report the findings from a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with immunoblastic morphology that was identified in a bladder barbotage specimen of a 77-year-old man who presented with recurrent urinary tract infection and hematuria. We describe the cytomorphological features of lymphoma cells in the urine and discuss the differential diagnoses. Correlation of cytologic findings with immunohistochemical results is crucial in the diagnosis of lymphoma involving the urinary bladder. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:185–188. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Biologically Active Isoforms of CobB Sirtuin Deacetylase in Salmonella enterica and Erwinia amylovora

Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases that are conserved in all domains of life and are involved in diverse cellular processes, including control of gene expression and central metabolism. Eukaryotic sirtuins have N-terminal extensions that have been linked to protein multimerization and cellular localization. Here the first evidence of sirtuin isoforms in bacteria is reported. The enterobacterium Salmonella enterica synthesizes two isoforms of CobB sirtuin, a shorter 236-amino-acid isoform (here CobBS) and a longer 273-amino-acid isoform (here CobBL). The N-terminal 37-amino-acid extension of CobBL is amphipathic, containing 18 basic amino acids (12 of which are Arg) and 13 hydrophobic ones; both isoforms were active in vivo and in vitro. Northern blot and transcription start site analyses revealed that cobB is primarily expressed as two monocistronic cobB mRNAs from two transcription start sites, one of which was mapped within the neighboring ycfX gene and the other of which was located within cobB. Additionally, a low-abundance ycfX-cobB bicistronic mRNA was observed which could encode up to three proteins (YcfX, CobBL, and CobBS). CobBL isoforms are common within the family Enterobacteriaceae, but species of the genus Erwinia (including the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora) encode only the CobBL isoform. The CobBL isoform from E. amylovora restored growth of as S. enterica cobB mutant strain on low acetate.
Pediatric injury prevention for the practitioner

An Illusion of Randomness In St. Louis, Missouri, a 2-year-old boy was found dead, floating in a small collection of water that had accumulated on top of a swimming pool cover. In Fulton County, Georgia, two children, aged 5 and 7, died in an apartment fire thought to have been started in a stereo. In Chicago, an S-month-old girl, fed and put to bed by her mother, was found dead by her sister the next morning, trapped and asphyxiated between the queen-size bed and the wall. In Worcester, Massachusetts, a 19-year-old man attempting to ignite a homemade rocket in his backyard received burns over 70% to 80% of his body. He died 3 weeks later. In Plain Township, Ohio, a ‘/-year-old girl was wheeling a television cart down the hallway of her elementary school. The cart hit a bump, and the 125lb TV toppled onto her, killing her. A l4-year-old boy in Jacksonville, Florida, suffered the same fate when after shaking a soda vending machine, the 500to SOO-lb machine fell over on top of him.l Viewed one at a time, childhood injuries appear random. This same appearance of randomness might likewise appear to physicians caring for individual patients with iron deficiency, whooping cough, or Down’s syndrome. But neither disease nor injury occurs randomly in the population. Injury rates vary with age, economics, race, and
Connectionism and physiological psychology: A marriage made in heaven?

Abstract Physiological psychology has its conceptual roots in stimulus‐response behaviourism. The resurgence of cognitive concepts in mainstream psychology has led to a separation between the two, largely due to the failure of most cognitive theories to specify how their explanatory processes could be realised in the nervous system. Connectionism looks as if it may be able to bridge this gap. The problem is that connectionism takes a radically different view of the brain from that adopted in traditional physiological psychology. This paper looks at some of the implications of connectionism for how physiological psychology should develop. It also looks at the implications of the findings of physiological psychology for connectionism.
Systolic Optical Cellular Array Processors

Using space-variant pattern recognition of up to 256 3 x 3 patterns of l's and 0's in parallel and inserting image information sequentially in a well-defined pattern, we can construct an optical systolic cellular array processor for 3 x 3 neighborhoods that produces output points at one-third the rate at which points are input. This allows reprogrammable preprocessing of data input.
How do training, education, and experience affect quality in radiology?

The quality of care is attracting increasing attention from payers, regulators, and consumers. The assumption that training, education, and experience are major determinants of quality and safety permeates the health care delivery system. However, the relationship between quality and training, education, and experience is neither straightforward nor well documented, particularly for the practice of radiology. A recent Institute of Medicine report questioned the effectiveness of the existing system for the education and training of health care professionals. In this article, “quality” in radiology is defined, and evidence for a relationship between quality care and experience and traditional continuing medical education is reviewed. Alternative approaches to education and training, with an emphasis on systems rather than individuals, are elucidated. The nature of radiologist training, education, and experience should be reexamined and adjusted to meet the changing demands of the health care delivery system.
The dissolved silica budget as a constraint on the meridional overturning circulation of the Indian Ocean

Abstract The geostrophic circulation at 32°S in the Indian Ocean, based on hydrographic data collected in 1987 on the R.R.S. Charles Darwin , is re-examined with the inclusion of the advective flux of dissolved silica. Consideration of the physical mechanisms of silica transport at 32°S in conjunction with the silica budget of the Indian Ocean basin requires modification of the geostrophic reference levels. The resulting meridional overturning circulation composed of northward flowing deep waters returning south at shallower levels becomes 11.9±2.7 × 109 kg s −1 , roughly half the magnitude of a previous estimate using the same data. The bulk of the northward flowing bottom and lower deep water is converted to intermediate and upper deep water, which exits the basin as southward flow across 32°S. Less than one-third of the northward flowing deep waters upwells into the thermocline. Though the magnitude of the overturning circulation is reduced compared with previous estimates with this data set, the maximum basin-mean upwelling velocity required for mass continuity, 4.5 x 10 −5 cm s −1 , is consistent with other estimates for the Indian Ocean basin and remains large compared with estimates for the deep Pacific basin. Since the meridional circulation is a major conveyor of heat and salinity in the Indian Ocean basin, a constraint on the magnitude of the meridional circulation provides bounds on the net heat and freshwater budgets of the region. The divergence of heat across the Indian Ocean basin north of 32°S is estimated to be 0.4±0.19 Petawatts and the convergence of freshwater to be 0.31±0.09 x 10 9 kg s −1 . Both of these values are consistent with independent estimates, but reduced compared with calculations that do not consider the dissolved silica budget.
On the photoelectron spectra of alkali halide vapors

The He I photoelectron spectra of KCl, KBr and KI vapors have recently been presented by Allen et al. They bear a strong resemblance to the spectra of the cesium halides, which we have recently presented and analyzed, except that the potassium halides each have an additional peak at higher ionization energy. Thus, CsI has two peaks, fairly well resolved, with a peak-to-peak separation of-0.92 eV.
Processing of the mouse β-globin mRNA precursor: at least two cleavage-ligation reactions are necessary to excise the larger intervening sequence

Abstract The β-globin mRNA precursor contains one copy of mRNA that is divided into three segments by two intervening sequences (IVS) (Smith and Lingrel, 1978; Kinniburgh, Mertz and Ross, 1978; Tilghman et al., 1978a). We have investigated the intracellular processing pathway of the 1800 nucleotide precursor by analyzing the organization of mRNA segments and intervening sequences in two classes of processing intermediates, one containing 1030 and the other 900 nucleotides. These RNAs were purified from pulse-labeled erythroid cells so that each class could be analyzed separately, thereby allowing us to derive a probable processing scheme and to compare the rates of each cleavage step. The 1030 nucleotide intermediate is 700–800 nucleotides shorter than the precursor and contains two intervening sequences. This RNA is thus generated by excision from the precursor of a major portion of the larger IVS. The 900 nucleotide RNA contains two structurally distinct molecules. One of the 900 nucleotide RNAs still contains the two IVS. The other 900 nucleotide RNA contains only one IVS derived from what was initially the larger IVS. The smaller IVS has been completely excised from this RNA to yield a spliced RNA segment derived from the 5′ terminal and middle mRNA fragments. The fully spliced 790 nucleotide β-globin mRNA is generated by excision of the remaining IVS from the 900 nucleotide RNAs. These data are consistent with a stepwise elimination of the larger IVS by at least two cleavage-ligation reactions. This result implies that the new nucleotide sequence arrangement generated by the first cleavage-ligation reaction is crucial to the precise joining of the mRNA coding regions during the final processing step.
The use of perichondrial cutaneous grafts to repair defects of the lower third of the nose

Summary The reconstruction of surgical defects on the nasal tip and nasal ala which require both skincoverage and underlying support is often a complex surgical problem. The perichondrial cutaneous graft (PCCG) is a composite graft of skin and perichondrium harvested from the conchal bowl of the ear. It is an excellent alternative to full-thickness skin grafts and local flaps for reconstructing defects of the lower third of the nose. This composite graft, which is composed of epidermis, dermis, a small amount of subcutaneous tissue, and the underlying perichondrium, yields excellent cosmetic and functional results in a simple, single-stage, out-patient procedure. This article describes and illustrates the repair of surgical defects on the nasal tip and nasal ala using the PCCG.
Antecedent ethanol ingestion prevents postischemic P-selectin expression in murine small intestine.

Objective: Ethanol ingestion 24 h prior to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) prevents postischemic leukocyte rolling and adhesion in postcapillary venules of the small bowel. Since I/R-induced leukocyte rolling is critically dependent on the expression of P-selectin by endothelial cells lining postcapillary venules, the authors hypothesized that antecedent ethanol consumption would attenuate postischemic expression of this adhesive ligand.Methods: To address this postulate, P-selectin expression was evaluated using a dual radiolabeled monoclonal antibody technique in the jejunum of mice that received either distilled water vehicle or ethanol by gavage (dose) on day 1 and then were subjected to sham I/R (nonischemic controls) or I/R (20 min ischemia/60 min reperfusion) 24 h later.Results: I/R was associated with a 2-fold increase in P-selectin expression relative to nonischemic controls, an effect that was largely abolished by antecedent ethanol ingestion. Exposing the bowel to adenosine deaminase or adenosin...
CLASSICAL THEORY OF BOSON WAVE FIELDS

Abstract The subject of discussion is the Hamiltonian for a system of bosons interacting by two body forces, as expressed in the formalism of second quantization. In this paper, we examine properties of the classical wave field governed by the Hamiltonian. For a general potential there is always an exact solution representing a uniform density. Exact solutions are exhibited, which represent disturbances of a definite velocity and of arbitrary amplitude. For small amplitudes the disturbances obey Bogolyubov's dispersion relation. Corresponding solutions are found for disturbances when the system moves as a whole. For suitably attractive potentials we find a class of exact solutions, degenerate in energy, with spatially periodic density. These solutions have a lower energy than the uniform type. Small amplitude excitations are investigated for the periodic case. They are phonons for long wavelengths, but show a band character at shorter wavelengths. A theory of the motion of foreign atoms in the boson fluid is formulated.
Discovering Document Semantics QBYS: A System for Querying the WWW by Semantics

This paper describes our research into a query-by-semantics approach to searching the World Wide Web. This research extends existing work, which had focused on a query-by-structure approach for the Web. We present a system that allows users to request documents containing not only specific content information, but also to specify that documents be of a certain type. The system captures and utilizes structure information as well as content during a distributed query of the Web. The system also allows the user the option of creating their own document types by providing the system with example documents. In addition, although the system still gives users the option of dynamically querying the web, the incorporation of a document database has improved the response time involved in the search process. Based on extensive testing and validation presented herein, it is clear that a system that incorporates structure and document semantic information into the query process can significantly improve search results over the standard keyword search.
Experimental study of radiation absorption by minichannels of varying geometry

Abstract Increasing energy demands and decreasing fossil fuel reserves require that reliable and innovative technological advancements in renewable energy collection are made. Enhancement of net radiative heat transfer into the heat collection elements of parabolic solar thermal collection systems is imperative to the advancement of this renewable energy technology. The addition of small scale features to the normally smooth surface of a heat collection element results in a directionally selective surface with enhanced radiative heat transfer. Experimental results for the change in enthalpy and efficiency of three aluminum test pieces machined with channels of differing geometries and one smooth control piece subjected to incoming radiation of incidence angles between 0° and 20° are presented. The structured surfaces showed a minimum increase in efficiency over the smooth control of 14% and a maximum of 68%, with a circular channeled test piece performing the best.
Cross.Cultural Use of Machover's Figure Drawing Test

Personality-wise the two communities were known to be different and the main object of the analysis was to see what differences, if any, would be reflected in the test.2 Protocols were secured according to Machover's directions (except that male-female pairs and notes on performance could not consistently be obtained). Sampling was not attempted. Eskimo children worked in the presence of the anthropologist (JJH) in a small private room. Cree Indian children drew their pictures in the classroom of the Roman Catholic mission school under direction of a nun, who had been briefed without being told to record subjects' behavior. Most of the analysis was carried out by the psychologist (RNC), who knew little about the artists other than that they consisted of Canadian Indian and Eskimo children, their ages, and sex. Apart from the general assumption that the test would reflect personality differences, we entertained the hypothesis that the intelligence of the Attawapiskat children, as measured by applying Goodenough (1926) norms to the drawings, would be higher than that of the Eskimo. This could be explained as a function of the Indian community's more intense involvement in Canadian society. Resident priests, brothers, nuns, and a school in Attawapiskat, and the fact that many adults have spent one or two years in a Roman Catholic residential school, are indicative of the community's greater assimilation to Canadian culture. Few Eskimo have gone to school.3 In both communities English is seldom spoken, but adults are literate in their respective languages. It was expected that intelligence might be below American norms in both cases. This, we assumed, could be explained in the light of the relative marginality of
IS THE BRAIN READY FOR PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Efforts to developed detailed insights into the structure and function of the molecules of memory, thought and sensory perception—physical organic chemistry on the brain—are described. By combining more conventional chemical tools with a number of techniques adapted from modern biology, it is now possible to perform systematic structure–function studies on the integral membrane proteins that play a central role in molecular neurobiology. There are substantial challenges associated with such studies, but we believe the potential payoff is considerable. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Versus Low Geometry Achievers in the NLSMA Y-Population.

in this writer's experience, an occasional high school geometry student with apparently adequate "credentials" would be notably unsuccessful in the geometry work. Stated loosely, the purpose of this study was to attempt to determine whether any of several measures could be used to distinguish such students from successful students. Subjects and measures were selected from the data bank of the National Longitudinal Study of Mathematical Abilities (NLSMA).
A new route to high‐Tc superconducting Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O thin films: Improved deposition efficiency and film morphology using ammonia–argon mixtures as the carrier gas

Highly oriented films of the high‐Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox have been prepared by a low‐pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition process using a mixture of ammonia and argon as the carrier gas together with Sr(dpm)2 (dpm‐dipivaloylmethanate), Ca(dpm)2, Cu(acac)2 (acac‐acetylacetonate), and triphenylbismuth as the organometallic precursors. By introducing ammonia into the carrier gas, a significant improvement in the volatility and thermal stability of both Sr(dpm)2 and Ca(dpm)2 is observed. Typical required source temperatures for Sr(dpm)2 and Ca(dpm)2 with the introduction of ammonia are about 40–50 °C lower than the source temperatures of the precursors without the introduction of ammonia. Enhancement of source volatility for Cu(acac)2 is also observed. After annealing at 865 °C in flowing oxygen, the films consist predominantly of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox phase and exhibit high preferential orientation of the crystallite c axes perpendicular to the substrate surface. Four‐probe resistivity meas...
Electron microscope observations of Autographa californica (Noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in the midgut of the saltmarsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Arctiidae)

Abstract The nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Autographa californica was studied with the electron microscope in the midgut of the salt marsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea . The results of the present study were compared with a previous study in which the same inoculum was fed to Spodoptera exigua . In Estigmene acrea polyhedra were produced, but virions were not occluded. Nonoccluded virions were found throughout the midgut cytoplasm and budding into the hemocoel. Within the cytoplasm, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed to contain paracrystalline proteinaceous bodies. Fibrous bodies and annulate lamellae were also found in the cytoplasm of infected cells.
Within and against peasantness: backwardness and filiality in rural China

Economically the contradiction between town and country is an extremely antagonistic one both in capitalist society, where under the rule of the bourgeoisie the towns ruthlessly plunder the countryside, and in the Kuomingtang areas in China, where under the rule of foreign imperialism and the Chinese big compradore bourgeoisie the towns most rapaciously plunder the countryside. But in a socialist country and in our own revolutionary base areas, this antagonistic contraction has changed into one that is non-antagonistic; and when communist society is reached it will be abolished.[Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) 1937:345]
Mucin Coating on Hydrophobic Polymer Materials

In this work, the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) onto a hydrophobic polystyrene surface were studied by the solution depletion method, in which mucin surface concentrations were analyzed by amino acid analysis. Using a Langmuir adsorption model and non-linear curve fitting, kinetics parameters, kon and koff were determined. The coating was found to be very stable with very limited desorption (less than 2%) from a long term observation. By measuring the water contact angles, the changes in surface hydrophobicity due to mucin coating were monitored on four polymer materials, namely polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), and silicone. After coating, all the hydrophobic surfaces turned into very hydrophilic. A strict correlation between mucin surface concentration and surface wettability has been found.
Abstract 3758: Global expression profiling of highly degraded RNA by DASL assay from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue

Microarray-based genome-wide gene expression analysis on fresh frozen tissue is widely used in cancer studies. Compared to fresh frozen tissues, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are more accessible in clinical setting for genomic analysis, but its use has been hampered by technical difficulty. Recently, cDNA-medi¬ated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation (DASL) assay was developed by Illumina (San Diego, CA) to investigate the global gene expression profiling of highly degraded RNA from FFPE samples. In this study, we tested the potential of the Whole-Genome DASL Assay for Expression Profiling in FFPE Samples (covering up to 24,000 annotated probes) in biomarker discovery for lung disease research. We obtained biopsy tissue from two lung cancer patients and six acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Five 5 μm-thick slides from each specimen were evaluated by a pathologist for tumor cellularity (lung cancer) or diffuse alveolar damage (ARDS), and RNA was extracted using commercially available (Roche High Pure RNA Paraffin) kits. The DASL expression profiles on 2 ARDS FFPE-extracted RNA samples had poor quality as determined by low detection rate ( Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3758.
Does postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy reduce biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy

Does postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy reduce biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy?
The parvalbumin/somatostatin ratio is increased in Pten mutant mice and by human PTEN ASD alleles

Mutations in the phosphatase PTEN are strongly implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we investigate the function of Pten in cortical GABAergic neurons using conditional mutagenesis in mice. Loss of Pten results in a preferential loss of SST(+) interneurons, which increases the ratio of parvalbumin/somatostatin (PV/SST) interneurons, ectopic PV(+) projections in layer I, and inhibition onto glutamatergic cortical neurons. Pten mutant mice exhibit deficits in social behavior and changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) power. Using medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) transplantation, we test for cell-autonomous functional differences between human PTEN wild-type (WT) and ASD alleles. The PTEN ASD alleles are hypomorphic in regulating cell size and the PV/SST ratio in comparison to WT PTEN. This MGE transplantation/complementation assay is efficient and is generally applicable for functional testing of ASD alleles in vivo.
PedAgree: software to quantify error and assess accuracy and congruence for genetically reconstructed pedigree relationships

PedAgree is software for rapid comparison of genetically reconstructed pedigrees (RP’s). Its two primary functions are (1) to assess accuracy of a RP by comparing it to a known pedigree, and (2) to measure congruence between two RP’s. The accuracy function is used to assist in determining confidence for a RP. The congruence function is used to determine the level of agreement between two RP’s. This function determines which links within the RP’s are identical, and thus more likely to be correct. Congruence assessment between RP’s generated by sibship reconstruction (SR) and parentage assignment (PA) programs allows for implementation of the sibship constraint method. This method has been shown to increase assigned parentage accuracy by up to 53%, and to be robust to dataset characteristics that reduce conventional PA accuracies. PedAgree can compare output produced by seven SR and twelve PA programs, and is freely available for download at https://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/pedigreesoftware/.
Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: an unusual cause of ipsilateral motor deficit

Posttraumatic ipsilateral motor deficits are rare and raise etiologic and prognostic concerns for the rehabilitation team. We present two cases with an unusual central neurologic cause of ipsilateral weakness. The first patient was assaulted, with a resultant severe traumatic brain injury. Initial computed tomography showed a large right subdural hematoma (SDH) with significant mass effect. Following a craniotomy for evacuation of the SDH, the patient was noted to have paradoxical right-sided (ipsilateral) motor deficits. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed compression of the contralateral (left) cerebral peduncle against the tentorium, thus resulting in ipsilateral (right-sided) motor weakness (the Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon). Prior limited reports carried a grave prognosis for these patients. On discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, the patient was functioning at a Rancho Los Amigos Scale VI. The second patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident and was found to have a large left frontotemporal subdural hematoma with shift. A dense left hemiplegia was noted after hematoma evacuation. MRI also showed a right cerebral peduncle hypointensity. At discharge, the patient was rated a Rancho Los Amigos Scale VI. Physiatrists need to be aware of the causes of ipsilateral motor weakness as well as the limitations of prognostic data.
Impact of Mechanical Support on Quality of Life Measures Over Time - Is There a Differential Response Based Upon Indication?

s S227 Results: We estimate there could be 50,000 lung donors from uDCDDs. Through experience attempting to recover lungs from uDCDDs over the last decade in the U.S., we learned that recovery of organs for transplant after sudden death is a novel disruptive innovative technology that involves these 6 key stakeholders: 1. EMS 2. Organ Procurement Organizations 3. Medical Examiners 4. Emergency Department physicians and staff 5. Law enforcement agencies 6. District Attorneys The key to engagement is effective communication and education directed at these diverse groups, to enable them to work together seamlessly. This will minimize ischemic time. Because of varied perspective and medical knowledge among these stakeholders, different knowledge gaps must be determined and addressed within each group; however ALL play a role in this process. Conclusion: Developing tools to accurately assess and address knowledge gaps about the potential for uDCDDs to solve the organ donor shortage among these stakeholders is necessary for successful recovery of lungs from uDCDDs. In turn, this has the potential to increase the number of lungs for transplant by 25-fold!
An analysis of handle designs for reducing manual effort: The influence of grip diameter

Biomechanical principles indicate that the risk of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) can be mitigated by designing tools to reduce manual effort. Specifically, research suggests that handle design should be based on anthropometric considerations. A laboratory study was designed to evaluate the effects of handle diameter on manual effort during a simulated industrial task. Three handle diameters were studied: (1) a handle matched to inside grip diameter, (2) a handle 1.0 cm smaller than inside grip diameter, and (3) a handle 1.0 cm larger than inside grip diameter. The task was performed against three levels of resistance. Applied grip force and surface electromyography (EMG) of select forearm muscles were recorded. The results indicate that grip strength was maximized by the smaller handle. Grip strength was also greater with the matched handle than with the larger handle. There were no differences in grip force exerted with different handles during the experiment. However, because the smaller handle provided the greatest capacity for exerting grip force, effort was reduced when the smaller handle was used. Forearm muscle activity was also reduced when the smaller handle was used. The study indicates handles 1.0 cm smaller than the user's inside grip diameter may reduce effort and the potential for injury.
Well-posedness and Blow-up Solutions for an Integrable Nonlinearly Dispersive Model Wave Equation

Abstract We establish local well-posedness in the Sobolev space Hs with any s> 3 2 for an integrable nonlinearly dispersive wave equation arising as a model for shallow water waves known as the Camassa–Holm equation. However, unlike the more familiar Korteweg–deVries model, we demonstrate conditions on the initial data that lead to finite time blow-up of certain solutions.
Función corticolímbica en la conducta agresiva impulsiva

Resumen En la busqueda de evidencias indicativas de una lesion en los animales y en el ser humano, los estudios de neuroimagen estan identificando de manera creciente anomalias de los circuitos corticolimbicos que intervienen en la conducta agresiva. Esta revision se centra en 3 sistemas neurales que participan en la agresividad impulsiva/reactiva: a) los sistemas neurales subcorticales responsables de la produccion de los impulsos agresivos; b) los circuitos de toma de decision y los circuitos de procesamiento de informacion social-emocional, que evaluan las consecuencias de realizar o no una agresion, y c) las regiones frontoparietales que intervienen en la regulacion de las emociones y las tendencias motivacionales impulsivas. Revisamos los trastornos psiquiatricos, como el trastorno limite de la personalidad y el trastorno de personalidad antisocial, que se caracterizan por una agresividad reactiva elevada, centrandonos en las anomalias de estos 3 sistemas neurales.
Research in Consultation: Toward Better Analogues and Outcome Measures

Recommendations for improving consultation research include (a) strengthening consultation analogue research by incorporating “boundary” conditions into research designs and (b) extending the outcome measures used.
Longitudinal effects of an HIV testing and counseling programme for low-income Latina women.

Author(s): Flaskerud, JH; Nyamathi, AM; Uman, GC | Abstract: ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an HIV antibody testing, counseling and education programme on the knowledge and practices of low-income Los Angeles Latina women.MethodsThe study design was prospective and longitudinal involving pre-test, post-test and retest measures over a 2-year period. The study employed an experimental group and a comparison group which did not receive the intervention. The study group was comprised of a convenience sample of 508 low-income Latina women who were recruited from the Public Health Service nutrition programme for women, infants and children (WIC). The comparison group (n = 51) was recruited from the same setting. A battery of instruments was selected to measure HIV knowledge and practices, the social support received, self-esteem, the level of acculturation and sociodemographic characteristics. The instruments were administered at pre-test, 2 weeks post-test and 1 year retest. The HIV antibody serostatus was assessed at pre-test and retest. An intervention protocol based on cultural competence, women as traditional health care givers and the major transmission categories was provided after the pre-test and was reinforced post-test. Finally, qualitative data were collected from the focus group participants (n = 55) to evaluate the intervention protocol.ResultsThe participants in the study made significant improvements in HIV knowledge and reported condom use practices from pre-test to post-test that were retained on retest. The comparison group subjects did not make significant pre-test-post-test improvements on these measures.ConclusionsIt should be noted that the changes in practices made by the study group did not necessarily reduce their risk of HIV infection or transmission and were not related to the demonstrated knowledge and skills improvement. Of special significance to programme planners, educators and researchers, both the quantitative and qualitative data revealed problem areas with the intervention protocol related to cultural norms and the possible fragmentation of information based on the behavioral transmission categories.