cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Orientation and the Cost of Caring for Others

The “cost-of-caring” thesis asserts that observed gender differences in psychological distress are largely a consequence of women’s greater emotional investment in the lives of their loved ones. Research on this topic has supported this thesis by showing that network events result in higher levels of depressive symptoms for women compared to men. However, other evidence challenges this claim. In light of these divergent findings, this paper elaborates this topic in three ways. First, susceptibility to network events is assessed in terms of two dimensions of psychological distress, depressive symptomatology and problem drinking. Second, within-gender analyses are conducted to examine the possibility that masculine and feminine personality traits condition the relationship between network events and psychological distress. Finally, this paper assesses age variation in the cost of caring. Data collected from 1,393 respondents ages 18 to 55 who participated in a Toronto-based community study are employed to a...
A high-voltage modulator for high-power RF source research

The design, construction, and operating results of a high-voltage modulator system capable of generating 700-kV, 2.5- mu s pulses at 5 p.p.s. into a load of 900 Omega are presented. The modular is used to energize a variety of high power microwave devices requiring voltage stability and reproducibility. Voltage ripple is less than 0.2% during the 1.0- mu s flat top, with a shot-to-shot voltage variation of less than 0.1%. The primary circuit consists of two seven-stage tunable Rayleigh-type pulse-forming networks (PFNs) connected in parallel with a total impedance of 2.25 Omega , a total capacitance of 0.56 mu F, and a total inductance of 2.8 mu H. The PFN is charged by a highly stable 80-kV capacitor charging power supply (0.1% RMS voltage ripple) at a rate of 10 KJ/s. The total energy stored (1.5 kJ) is released through an ITT F-187 thyratron into a 20:1 pulse transformer, which generates 700-kV, 2.5- mu s pulses. By changing the transformer, it was possible to obtain 250-kV, 1.70-kA pulses for driving low-impedance relativistic magnetron diodes. The flat-top voltage generated by the modulator is highly desirable for driving RF sources requiring high-quality electron beams, such as free-electron lasers (FELs) and cyclotron autoresonance masers (CARMs). The modulator performance in the relativistic magnetron and CARM experiments is described. >
Defining and disseminating the hospital-at-home model

The hospital, which is the “gold standard” for the delivery of acute medical care, is not an ideal care environment for many patients.[1][1] Iatrogenic events such as nosocomial infections, pressure sores, falls and delirium are common.[2][2] New functional impairment commonly occurs during
Palladium phosphine catalyzed hydroesterifications of unsaturated nitrogen heterocycles

Abstract Results of PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 -catalyzed hydroesterifications of unsaturated nitrogen heterocycles under moderate conditions are reported. Although basic amine substrates are unreactive, hydrochloride salts of N -methyl-1, 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1 , 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 7 , and tropidine, 20 , gave moderate to good conversions to mixtures of isomeric methyl esters. The weakly basic substrate, N -ethoxycarbonylnortropidine, 23 , gave high conversion to two major methyl esters but N -ethoxycarbonyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 12 , and N -acetyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 13 , gave low conversions to esters due to competing reactions.
Equivalent titanium dioxide nanoparticle deposition by intratracheal instillation and whole body inhalation: the effect of dose rate on acute respiratory tract inflammation.

The increased production of nanomaterials has caused a corresponding increase in concern about human exposures in consumer and occupational settings. Studies in rodents have evaluated dose–response relationships following respiratory tract (RT) delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) in order to identify potential hazards. However, these studies often use bolus methods that deliver NPs at high dose rates that do not reflect real world exposures and do not measure the actual deposited dose of NPs. We hypothesize that the delivered dose rate is a key determinant of the inflammatory response in the RT when the deposited dose is constant. F-344 rats were exposed to the same deposited doses of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs by single or repeated high dose rate intratracheal instillation or low dose rate whole body aerosol inhalation. Controls were exposed to saline or filtered air. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, biochemical parameters and inflammatory mediator release were quantified 4, 8, and 24 hr and 7 days after exposure. Although the initial lung burdens of TiO2 were the same between the two methods, instillation resulted in greater short term retention than inhalation. There was a statistically significant increase in BALF neutrophils at 4, 8 and 24 hr after the single high dose TiO2 instillation compared to saline controls and to TiO2 inhalation, whereas TiO2 inhalation resulted in a modest, yet significant, increase in BALF neutrophils 24 hr after exposure. The acute inflammatory response following instillation was driven primarily by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, mainly within the lung. Increases in heme oxygenase-1 in the lung were also higher following instillation than inhalation. TiO2 inhalation resulted in few time dependent changes in the inflammatory mediator release. The single low dose and repeated exposure scenarios had similar BALF cellular and mediator response trends, although the responses for single exposures were more robust. High dose rate NP delivery elicits significantly greater inflammation compared to low dose rate delivery. Although high dose rate methods can be used for quantitative ranking of NP hazards, these data caution against their use for quantitative risk assessment.
Inferring a sequence generated by a linear congruence

Suppose it is known that {X0, X1,...,Xn} is produced by a pseudo-random number generator of the form Xi+1 = aXi + b mod m, but a, b, and m are unknown. Can one efficiently predict the remainder of the sequence with knowledge of only a few elements from that sequence? This question is answered in the affirmative and an algorithm is given.
Hematologic changes during and after cardiopulmonary bypass and their relationship to the bleeding time and nonsurgical blood loss.

The hemostatic dysfunction induced by cardiopulmonary bypass is due, in part, to a platelet dysfunction evidenced by a postoperative extension of the bleeding time; it leads to increased postoperative blood loss and morbidity. This study, which was conducted in 85 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, was designed to characterize the hematologic changes during and after cardiopulmonary bypass and to elucidate the relationships between these changes, the extension of the bleeding time, and the magnitude of the postoperative nonsurgical blood loss. Variables were measured before, during, and 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with either the 2-hour postbypass bleeding time or the 4-hour postbypass blood loss as the dependent variables. The reversal of the extension of the bleeding time in the postoperative period was accompanied by a significant increase in the mean platelet volume and by a significant increase in the level of thromboxane B2 measured in the blood shed from the site of the bleeding time determination. The postoperative bleeding time correlated with the postoperative blood loss, and both parameters were dependent on the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. In addition, the postoperative bleeding time correlated with the skin temperature and the plasma level of D-dimer, while the postoperative blood loss also correlated with temperature and the plasma levels of C3. These data establish a direct relationship between the postoperative bleeding time, the postoperative blood loss, and temperature. They indicate that the reversal of the postoperative extension of the bleeding time is due in part to rewarming and to the release of larger platelets into the circulation, and they suggest that hyperfibrinolysis and complement activation may play an important role in the cardiopulmonary bypass-induced platelet dysfunction. (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;104:94–107)
The anemia of chronic disease: TNFα involvement in erythroid apoptosis

The anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is commonly encountered in medical practice and can be the first sign of disease. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6, and interferon γ are produced in the bone marrow or other organs of patients with chronic diseases.
Right heart failure in the intensive care unit

Purpose of review This review summarizes the approach to and recent developments in the evaluation and treatment of acute right heart failure in the ICU. Right heart failure, defined as failure of the right ventricle to provide sufficient blood flow through the pulmonary circulation at normal central venous pressure, is a common problem caused by a combination of increased right-ventricular afterload and right-ventricular contractile dysfunction. Recent findings Management of acute right heart failure continues to be challenging because of insufficient understanding of its pathophysiology, a lack of guidelines, and few available tools. Recent research has contributed to an improved understanding of its mechanisms, helping to guide therapy and suggest future options. Right-ventricular assist devices are emerging as a promising approach to treatment when optimization of hemodynamics and conventional medical therapy fail. Summary Right heart failure causes venous congestion and systemic hypoperfusion. Once right heart failure is identified, the primary goal is to alleviate any reversible cause of excessive load or right-ventricular contractile failure. When the underlying abnormalities cannot be alleviated, trials of diuretic, vasodilator, or inotropic therapy may be required. Invasive monitoring helps guide therapy. Medically refractory right heart failure may potentially be treated with right-ventricular assist devices.
A New Paradigm for Evaluating CEOs in the Age of Creativity

We are no longer an industrial economy characterized by assembly lines; we are now in a knowledge economy where creativity is what matters and the old ways of running a firm simply do not work. Using the value of the stock as a way of measuring CEO performance makes no sense and can actually destroy an organization. This paper discusses a new paradigm for rating CEOs that includes factors that provide long-term value such as employee engagement, diversity, building a learning organization, corporate social responsibility, and the reputation of the organization.
Evaluation on gas transporting efficiency through fault in the north zone of Kuche Depression

Based on the analysis of factors that influence gas transporting efficiency through fault,one parameter to evaluate gas transporting ability through fault is established,with which the gas transporting ability through fault of 24 large and medium gas fields,where faults are the major transporting pathway,has been studied.The study of relationship between gas accumulation efficiency and evaluation parameter of gas transporting ability through fault points out: evaluation parameter value of transporting ability though fault with high,middle and low efficiency is over 250×10-4,250×10-4-25×10-4 and less than 25×10-4,respectively.According to transporting characteristics through fault in the north zone of Kuche Depression,gas transporting efficiency through fault in the lower Cretaceous top was studied.It is concluded that gas transporting area through fault with high efficiency would be among three regions around Well Dabei-1,Kela1-4 and Dongqou 5-Dina 2-Yinan 2,which are surrounded by the middle and low efficient gas transporting areas through fault.It is found that all the five gas fields distribute within gas transporting area through fault with high efficiency,indicating the high transporting ability should be an important factor for gas accumulating in the north zone of Kuche Depression.
Application of HSP Geological Forecast Technique in West Anchor Hole Construction for Balinghe Bridge

Karst is developed in west anchor hole of Balinghe Bridge.In order to ensure excavation quality and safety,the geological conditions of surrounding rock in front of tunnel heading is detected by geological prediction technology using HSP sound wave reflection method,which has guided anchor hole construction successfully.Through introducing the basic principle,testing apparatus and the related software system,and testing method of sound wave technology,the forecast result is compared to the test result and the accuracy of forecast result is verified.It is indicated that this method can be widely applied in the similar underground engineering.
Research on Relationship of Equipping Reliability and Working Reliability of Torpedo

Equipping reliability is an important standard of the torpedo reliability,and it has a close relationship with the working reliability.So if it lacks experiment data of equipping reliability,the data from the working reliability can be calculated.The relationship between torpedo equipping reliability and working reliability was analyzed,and the model was established using fuzzy regression theory.Describing the relationship of working reliability and equipping reliability,this model can be used to forecast the equipping reliability which is lacking in experiment data from the working reliability whose data is plenty.These forecast results provide a lot of data for reference,and the problem of lacking data of equipping reliability can be solved.The application to the real data prove that this method is easy and realistic.Engineers can make reference to it.
FCC Regulation of the Video Navigation Device Industry: A Benefit-Cost Analysis Using a Dynamic Kano Concept

In the 2010 National Broadband Plan, the FCC recommended a new regulatory course for video navigation devices to replace the ineffective CableCARD regime. The vertically integrated nature of these consumer devices has dampened the progress of innovation and specifications for which consumers should come to expect. This paper frames the features and specifications of video navigation devices in a dynamic Kano concept that qualitatively estimates customer demands before and after regulation. Through an integrated benefit-cost model, industry analysts can quantitatively gauge whether society will benefit from further FCC orders, or if these actions simply drive up the rates and complexity for consumer access.
SP0097 Intracellular MTX Polyglutamates and Clinical Response

Low-dose methotrexate is the cornerstone disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Although MTX levels can be measured easily in plasma, low-dose MTX is rapidly cleared from plasma and is therefore not routinely measured. In contrast, MTX is transported into and retained in cells long after it has been eliminated from plasma. We have developed an LC-MS/MS assay to measure MTX-polyglutamates (MTX-PG) in erythrocytes and measured drug concentrations in three prospective cohort studies in RA and JIA patients. Erythrocyte MTX-PG levels were related to clinical response in all cohorts and hence, could be used for therapeutic drug monitoring of low-dose MTX therapy. Moreover, higher baseline erythrocyte folate was associated with higher erythrocyte MTX-PG accumulation and improved clinical response. Determinants of MTX-PG concentrations were age, polymorphisms in ABC transporters, erythrocyte folate and dosing. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Capturing You Watching You: Characterizing Visual-Motor Dynamics in Touchscreen Interactions

The relationship between where people look and where people reach has been studied since the dawn of experimental psychology. This relationship has implications for the designs of interactive visualizations, particularly for applications involving touchscreens. We present a new visual-motor analytics dashboard for the joint study of eye movement and hand/finger movement dynamics. Our modular approach combines real-time playback of gaze and finger-dragging behavior together with statistical models quantifying the dynamics of both modalities. To aid in visualization and inference with these data, we apply Gaussian process regression models which capture the similarities and differences between eye and finger movements, while providing a statistical model of the observed functional data. Smooth estimates of the dynamics are included in the dashboard to enable visual-analytic exploration of visual-motor behaviors on touchscreen interfaces.
Genitofemoral Nerve Block

: Used for diagnosis and treatment of testicular, labial, or groin pain that is likely neuropathic in origin. Frequently the etiology of this pain is postsurgical.
Nucleic Acid Extraction from Synthetic Mars Analog Soils for in situ Life Detection

Biological informational polymers such as nucleic acids have the potential to provide unambiguous evidence of life beyond Earth. To this end, we are developing an automated in situ life-detection instrument that integrates nucleic acid extraction and nanopore sequencing: the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Genomes (SETG) instrument. Our goal is to isolate and determine the sequence of nucleic acids from extant or preserved life on Mars, if, for example, there is common ancestry to life on Mars and Earth. As is true of metagenomic analysis of terrestrial environmental samples, the SETG instrument must isolate nucleic acids from crude samples and then determine the DNA sequence of the unknown nucleic acids. Our initial DNA extraction experiments resulted in low to undetectable amounts of DNA due to soil chemistry-dependent soil-DNA interactions, namely adsorption to mineral surfaces, binding to divalent/trivalent cations, destruction by iron redox cycling, and acidic conditions. Subsequently, we developed soil-specific extraction protocols that increase DNA yields through a combination of desalting, utilization of competitive binders, and promotion of anaerobic conditions. Our results suggest that a combination of desalting and utilizing competitive binders may establish a "universal" nucleic acid extraction protocol suitable for analyzing samples from diverse soils on Mars. Key Words: Life-detection instruments-Nucleic acids-Mars-Panspermia. Astrobiology 17, 747-760.
Air pollution exposure is associated with MRSA acquisition in young U.S. children with cystic fibrosis

The role of air pollution in increasing susceptibility to respiratory tract infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population has not been well described. We recently demonstrated that chronic PM2.5 exposure is associated with an increased risk of initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition in young children with CF. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PM2.5 exposure is a risk factor for acquisition of other respiratory pathogens in young children with CF. We conducted a retrospective study of initial acquisition of methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans in U.S. children <6 years of age with CF using the CF Foundation Patient Registry, 2003–2009. Multivariable Weibull regression with interval-censored outcomes was used to evaluate the association of PM2.5 concentration in the year prior to birth and risk of acquisition of each organism. During follow-up 63%, 17%, 24%, and 5% of children acquired MSSA, MRSA, S. maltophilia, and A. xylosoxidans, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 68% increased risk of MRSA acquisition (Hazard Ratio: 1.68; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.24, 2.27). PM2.5 was not associated with acquisition of other respiratory pathogens. Fine particulate matter is an independent risk factor for initial MRSA acquisition in young children with CF. These results support the increasing evidence that air pollution contributes to pulmonary morbidities in the CF community.
Process Developments in the Fabrication of Depleted Uranium Hohlraums

AbstractResearch at General Atomics and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been focused on evaluating depleted uranium (DU) hohlraum fabrication over the past 10 years to improve the yield, thereby increasing the availability of DU hohlruams required to support the increased shot rate at the National Ignition Facility. The more straightforward gold (Au) hohlraum fabrication involves four basic steps: mandrel fabrication, electroplating, back machining and milling, and leaching. For Au, the overall fabrication yield of this process approaches 98% [H. Streckert and K. Blobaum, Fusion Sci. Technol., Vol. 63, p. 213 (2013)] Depleted uranium lined hohlraum fabrication, however, requires deposition of a multilayer of thin films after the mandrel fabrication step. These thin film deposition processes have historically proven difficult to execute on a complex cylindrical geometry of a hohlraum, resulting in unacceptable stress-driven delamination, with net yields ranging 20% to 35% [H. L. Wilkens et al., ...
Measuring Ligand Binding Kinetics to Membrane Proteins Using Virion Nano-oscillators.

Membrane proteins play vital roles in cellular signaling processes and serve as the most popular drug targets. A key task in studying cellular functions and developing drugs is to measure the binding kinetics of ligands with the membrane proteins. However, this has been a long-standing challenge because one must perform the measurement in a membrane environment to maintain the conformations and functions of the membrane proteins. Here, we report a new method to measure ligand binding kinetics to membrane proteins using self-assembled virion oscillators. Virions of human herpesvirus were used to display human G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on their viral envelopes. Each virion was then attached to a gold-coated glass surface via a flexible polymer to form an oscillator and driven into oscillation with an alternating electric field. By tracking changes in the oscillation amplitude in real-time with subnanometer precision, the binding kinetics between ligands and GPCRs was measured. We anticipate that t...
Robotic surgery for neuropathic bladder

The cutting age application of robotic techniques is arguably intracorporeal pediatric bladder augmentation. While high volume centers are beginning to gain experience in intracorporeal bladder surgery in adults for oncologic applications, pediatric surgeons must apply these techniques in extremely small working spaces and in patients with complex anatomy or surgical history. Long-term results have yet to be reported, but with 5–8 year follow-up, the technique appears to have similar results to traditional open techniques. Larger, multi-center studies are required to confirm safety and effectiveness prior to widespread adoption of this complex technique. Bladder augmentation is often performed with catheterizable channels, bladder neck reconstructions and antegrade colonic enema surgery; as such a brief discussion of these topics is also pertinent to this discussion.
Depressive symptoms, burnout, and declining medical career interest among undergraduate pre-medical students

To investigate the relationship between mental health issues and medical career interest among undergraduate premedical students, and to explore whether this association varies by gender.
Even the Rich Can Make Themselves Poor: A Critical Examination of IV Methods in Marketing Applications

Marketing is a field that is rich in data. Our data is of high quality, often at a highly disaggregate level, and there is considerable variation in the key variables for which estimates of effects on outcomes such as sales and profits are desired. The recognition that, in some general sense, marketing variables are set by firms on the basis of information not always observable by the researcher has led to concerns regarding “endogeneity” and widespread pressure to implement instrumental variables methods in marketing problems. The instruments used in our empirical literature are rarely valid and the IV methods used can have poor sampling properties, including substantial finite sample bias and high sampling error. Given the problems with IV methods, a convincing argument must be made that there is a first order endogeneity problem and that we have strong and valid instruments before these methods should be used. If strong and valid instruments are not available, then researchers need to look toward supplementing the information available to them. For example, if there are concerns about unobservable advertising or promotional variables, then the researcher is much better off measuring these variables rather than using instruments (such as lagged marketing variables) which are clearly invalid. Ultimately, only randomized variation in marketing variables (with proper implementation and large samples) can be argued to be a valid instrument without further assumptions.
Obesity education in the family medicine clerkship: a US and Canadian survey of clerkship directors' beliefs, barriers, and curriculum content.

Despite concerns regarding the increasing obesity epidemic, little is known regarding obesity curricula in medical education. Medical school family medicine clerkships address common primary care topics during clinical training. However, studies have shown that many family physicians feel unprepared at addressing obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors related to obesity education provided during family medicine clerkships as well as identify future plans regarding obesity education. Data were collected through the 2017 Educational Research Alliance (CERA) survey of Family Medicine Clerkship Directors (CDs) in the United States and Canada. Survey items included the level of importance of obesity education, teaching methods, barriers to teaching, and obesity related topics taught during the clerkship. Survey data were summarized and analyzed. The survey response rate was 71.2%. The most frequent barrier to teaching obesity related topics was time constraints (89%). The most commonly taught topics were co-morbid conditions (82.1%), diet (76.9%), and exercise (76.9%). The least commonly taught topics were addressed less than 30% of the time, and included cultural aspects, obesity bias, medications than can cause weight gain, medications to treat obesity, and bariatric surgery. Over half of CDs (59%) are not planning to change existing curriculum, with 39% planning to add to the current curriculum. The CDs’ perceptions of the importance of obesity education were significantly associated with the number of topics covered during clerkship (p < 0.001). No relationship was found between clerkship duration and the number of obesity topics taught. The majority of clerkship directors are planning no changes to their existing curricula which consist of three common topics: obesity related co-morbid conditions, diet, and exercise. While time was the largest self-rated barrier in teaching obesity related topics, clerkship duration didn’t impact the number of topics taught. However, the relative amount of importance placed by CDs upon obesity education was significantly associated with the number of topics covered during clerkship.
Will the Belt and Road Initiative Boost Least Developed Countries Towards Sustainable Development

This article reviews the progress of least developed countries (LDCs) towards LDC graduation and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It shows that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) could contribute to filling the financing gap and speed up progress. LDCs are defined as low-income countries with structural handicaps to achieving sustainable development. The comparison between SDG monitoring indicators and LDC identification indicators shows that progress towards the SDGs and towards the graduation from the LDC category are in general heading in the same direction. Estimates show that, under the business-as-usual scenario, only about half of LDCs could become eligible for graduation by 2030, while at the same time remaining a long way from the SDGs. There remains a significant financing gap which calls for additional cooperation initiatives, and the BRI to provide critical and necessary enabling conditions in this area.
A Review of Human Rights Education in Higher Education

The United Nation created the World Programme for Human Rights Education to advance implementation of human rights education (HRE). This study is an exploration of some aspects of the Second Phase of the Programme as it pertains to the incorporation of human rights education into higher education settings. It concludes that there is a global attempt to integrate HRE into higher education, particularly at the course level in medical, legal, and political departments. Content and pedagogical approaches vary significantly. The role of higher education in stimulating HRE research is under-developed. Higher education has a powerful opportunity to do much more to integrate and advance HRE in the future.
Enhancing fatty acid oxidation negatively regulates PPARs signaling in the heart.

Abstract High fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is associated with lipotoxicity, but whether it causes lipotoxic cardiomyopathy remains controversial. Molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for FAO-induced lipotoxic cardiomyopathy are also elusive. In this study, increasing FAO by genetic deletion of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) did not induce cardiac dysfunction after 16 weeks of high fat diet (HFD) feeding. This suggests that increasing FAO, per se, does not cause metabolic cardiomyopathy in obese mice. We compared transcriptomes of control and ACC2 deficient mouse hearts under chow- or HFD-fed conditions. ACC2 deletion had a significant impact on the global transcriptome including downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling and fatty acid degradation pathways. Increasing fatty acids by HFD feeding normalized expression of fatty acid degradation genes in ACC2 deficient mouse hearts to the same level as the control mice. In contrast, cardiac transcriptome analysis of the lipotoxic mouse model (db/db) showed an upregulation of PPARs signaling and fatty acid degradation pathways. Our results suggest that enhancing FAO by genetic deletion of ACC2 negatively regulates PPARs signaling through depleting endogenous PPAR ligands, which can serve as a negative feedback mechanism to prevent excess activation of PPAR signaling under non-obese condition. In obesity, excessive lipid availability negates the feedback mechanism resulting in over activation of PPAR cascade, thus contributes to the development of cardiac lipotoxicity.
Effects of a Powered Knee-Ankle Prosthesis on Amputee Hip Compensations: A Case Series

Transfemoral amputee gait often exhibits compensations due to the lack of ankle push-off power and control over swing foot position using passive prostheses. Powered prostheses can restore this functionality, but their effects on compensatory behaviors, specifically at the residual hip, are not well understood. This paper investigates residual hip compensations through walking experiments with three transfemoral amputees using a low-impedance powered knee-ankle prosthesis compared to their day-to-day passive prosthesis. The powered prosthesis used impedance control during stance for compliant interaction with the ground, a time-based push-off controller to deliver high torque and power, and phase-based trajectory tracking during swing to provide user control over foot placement. Experiments show that when subjects utilized the powered ankle push-off, less mechanical pull-off power was required from the residual hip to progress the limb forward. Overall positive work at the residual hip was reduced for 2 of 3 subjects, and negative work was reduced for all subjects. Moreover, all subjects displayed increased step length, increased propulsive impulses on the prosthetic side, and improved impulse symmetries. Hip circumduction improved for subjects who had previously exhibited this compensation on their passive prosthesis. These improvements in gait, especially reduced residual hip power and work, have the potential to reduce fatigue and overuse injuries in persons with transfemoral amputation.
Improving integrative 3D modeling into low- to medium- resolution EM structures with evolutionary couplings

Electron microscopy (EM) continues to provide near-atomic resolution structures for well-behaved proteins and protein complexes. Unfortunately, structures of some complexes are limited to low- to medium-resolution due to biochemical or conformational heterogeneity. Thus, the application of unbiased systematic methods for fitting individual structures into EM maps is important. A method that employs co-evolutionary information obtained solely from sequence data could prove invaluable for quick, confident localization of subunits within these structures. Here, we incorporate the co-evolution of intermolecular amino acids as a new type of distance restraint in the Integrative Modeling Platform (IMP) in order to build three-dimensional models of atomic structures into EM maps ranging from 10-14 [A] in resolution. We validate this method using four complexes of known structure, where we highlight the conservation of intermolecular couplings despite dynamic conformational changes using the BAM complex. Finally, we use this method to assemble the subunits of the bacterial holo-translocon into a model that agrees with previous biochemical data. The use of evolutionary couplings in integrative modeling improves systematic, unbiased fitting of atomic models into medium- to low-resolution EM maps, providing additional information to integrative models lacking in spatial data.
Towards Intelligent Power Electronics-Dominated Grid via Machine Learning Techniques

Nowadays, to meet the vision of employing 100% renewable-based electricity generation, the conventional power system is evolving into power electronics-dominated grid (PEDG). This transition leads to an amplified complexity and significance for device and system-level control schemes to maintain resiliency, reliability, and operational stability. Recently, in various fields of engineering and science, the machine learning (ML)-based schemes have exhibited outstanding performance. Considering abundance of data in the PEDG, MLbased approaches illustrate promising potential to be adopted in this new energy paradigm. Similarly, the MLinspired approaches have been attracting many researchers in power electronics and power systems fields, who are trying to solve the challenges posed by the PEDG concept. This article presents cutting-edge ML applications in the PEDG and provides a futuristic research roadmap.
Perceptions of Contexts of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young, Partnered Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States.

There has been a growth in research illustrating that gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at rates that are comparable to those amo...
A systematic review on hybrid EEG/fNIRS in brain-computer interface

Abstract As a relatively new field of neurology and computer science, brain computer interface (BCI) has many established and burgeoning applications across scientific disciplines. Many neural monitoring technologies have been developed for BCI studies. Combining multiple monitoring technologies provides a new approach that synthesizes the advantages and overcomes the limitations of each technology. This article presents a systematic review on the applications, limitations, and future directions for the hybridization of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) into one synchronous multimodality. This review investigated research questions on design and usability of hybrid EEG-fNIRS studies. In this article, 765 papers were included in the initial search and 128 papers were selected through the PRISMA protocol. The review results show the possibility of improving the performance of hybrid EEG-fNIRS by optimizing the feature extraction algorithms and physical designing as well as expending more possible applications in information processing related fields.
BHK-21 Cell Clones Differ in Chikungunya Virus Infection and MXRA8 Receptor Expression

Baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells are widely used to propagate and study many animal viruses using infection and transfection techniques. Among various BHK-21 cell clones, the fibroblast-like BHK-21/C-13 line and the epithelial-like BHK-21/WI-2 line are commonly used cell clones for alphavirus research. Here we report that BHK-21/WI-2 cells were significantly less susceptible to primary infection by the alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) than were BHK-21/C-13 cells. The electroporation efficiency of alphavirus RNA into BHK-21/WI-2 was also lower than that of BHK-21/C-13. The growth of CHIKV was decreased in BHK-21/WI-2 compared to BHK-21/C-13, while primary infection and growth of the alphavirus Sindbis virus (SINV) were equivalent in the two cell lines. Our results suggested that CHIKV entry could be compromised in BHK-21/WI-2. Indeed, we found that the mRNA level of the CHIKV receptor MXRA8 in BHK-21/WI-2 cells was much lower than that in BHK-21/C-13 cells, and exogenous expression of either human MXRA8 or hamster MXRA8 rescued CHIKV infection. Our results affirm the importance of the MXRA8 receptor for CHIKV infection, and document differences in its expression in two clonal cell lines derived from the original BHK-21 cell cultures. Our results also indicate that CHIKV propagation and entry studies in BHK-21 cells will be significantly more efficient in BHK-21/C-13 than in BHK-21/WI-2 cells.
Plague Prevention and Therapy: Perspectives on Current and Future Strategies

Plague, caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis, is a vector-borne disease that has caused millions of human deaths over several centuries. Presently, human plague infections continue throughout the world. Transmission from one host to another relies mainly on infected flea bites, which can cause enlarged lymph nodes called buboes, followed by septicemic dissemination of the pathogen. Additionally, droplet inhalation after close contact with infected mammals can result in primary pneumonic plague. Here, we review research advances in the areas of vaccines and therapeutics for plague in context of Y. pestis virulence factors and disease pathogenesis. Plague continues to be both a public health threat and a biodefense concern and we highlight research that is important for infection mitigation and disease treatment.
Organizational Aspects of the Laboratory in a Tertiary Care ART Center

Success in the delivery of the tertiary level health care by an assisted reproductive technology center relies upon the equal partnership between the clinic and the laboratory. It is critical that the laboratory strives to produce the highest quality data for its clinical partners. The laboratory director has the responsibility of ensuring compliance with federal regulations, which were enacted as a framework to improve the quality of testing in clinical laboratories, including the personnel responsible for testing. The success of the assisted reproductive technology center is largely a result of the combined efforts of the clinical and laboratory staff. This chapter will highlight some of the organizational and operational aspects that the laboratory contributes.
The expression of limb gap genes in the mite Archegozetes longisetosus reveals differential patterning mechanisms in chelicerates.

SUMMARY The modular organization of arthropod limbs has lead to the evolution of a diversity of appendages within this phylum. A conserved trait within the arthropods is the utilization of a conserved set of regulatory genes that specify the appendage podomeres along the proximo-distal axis, termed the limb gap genes. These include extradenticle, homothorax, dachshund, and Distal-less. The deployment of these genes in the most basally branching arthropod group, the chelicerates, has only been studied in detail in two chelicerate groups, the harvestmen and spiders. Given the broad range of appendage diversity within the chelicerates, comparative studies of gap gene deployment in other chelicerates groups is needed. We therefore followed limb gap gene expression in a member of the largest chelicerate group, Acari, the oribatid mite Archegozetes longisetosus. We show that in contrast to many arthropod species, A. longisetosus expresses homothorax and extradenticle exclusively in the proximal portion of the appendages, which refutes the hypothesis of a sister-group relationship between chelicerates and myriapods. We also provide evidence that mites posses the ancestral chelicerate condition of possessing three-segmented chelicerae, which also express the gene dachshund. This adds support to the hypothesis that a cheliceral dachshund domain is ancestral to arachnids. Lastly, we provide evidence that the suppression of the fourth pair of walking legs, a putative synapomorphy for Acari, is accomplished by repressing the development of the medial and distal regions of the limb.
A compact range array feed: Tolerances and error analysis

The principal disadvantage of employing an array feed is the limited feed bandwidth, which requires a cost-effective solution to array implementation. For this reason the authors consider a simple two-ring array requiring only two real excitation coefficients. Each element on a ring is excited uniformly, and the two rings are excited out of phase and at different levels. The authors evaluate the effects of element spacing, and demonstrate the effects of both systematic and random errors. >
The cap of both miniexon-derived RNA and mRNA of trypanosomes is 7-methylguanosine.

Abstract Most, if not all, trypanosome mRNAs have the same 35-base sequence at their 5' terminus which is derived from a short RNA (medRNA) probably by the process of trans-splicing. It is of interest, evolutionarily and mechanistically, to determine the chemical structure of the 5' terminus of the precursor (medRNA) and product (mRNA). We demonstrate here that the cap structure of both is most probably 7-methylguanosine in a 5',5' triphosphate linkage, consistent with a precursor/product relationship.
The role of noticing in developing intercultural communicative competence

This paper expands Schmidt’s (1990) concept of “noticing” and adapts it to the development of intercultural communicative competence (ICC), an especially relevant goal of language teaching given increased communication across cultures and the role of English as a lingua franca. Schmidt’s conceptualization of noticing is presented and readjusted in light of two premises. The first is the validity of a communication model that ascribes importance to context and the negotiation of meaning and identity within that context. This view of communication, as well as the global functions of English, is congruent with the second premise, namely, the suitability of employing a culture-general approach to develop ICC as defined in this paper. What needs to be noticed in developing ICC will be identified as well as ways in which this noticing can be effected in the language classroom.
Multi-tag radio frequency identification systems

We propose and analyze the effects of attaching more than one RFID tag to each object. We define different types of multi-tag systems and examine their benefits, both analytically and empirically. We also analyze how multi-tags affect some existing tag singulation algorithms. We show how multi-tags can serve as security enhancers, and propose several new promising applications of multi-tags, such as preventing illegal deforestation.
Pityriasis Rosea-Like Drug Eruptions

Pityriasis rosea is an acute, mild, self-limited papulosquamous skin disease of uncertain etiology. The disease is characterized by the initial presence of a salmon-pink oval patch or plaque deemed the “herald patch.” This is followed by the widespread eruption of oval macules, papules, and plaques whose long axis follows the lines of cleavage, resulting in the characteristic “Christmas tree” or “fir tree” distribution. A skin eruption very similar to this presentation has been reported to be caused by several drug categories and whose recovery depends on the discontinuation of the drug. These drug categories include NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors, vaccinations, mood stabilizers, barbiturates, and antihistamines. The idiopathic disease may sometimes be distinguished from the drug eruption by characteristics of presentation and duration.
Covariant thermodynamics and questions on Earth’s absolute motion in the 3K radiation

We further explore new physical implications related to many-particle systems, thermodynamics and the cosmic 3 K radiation within the framework of common relativity which allows natural introduction of additional concepts that are not possible in special relativity. We employ an invariant genergyG=p0/C to define the invariant partition functionZ and formulate covariant thermodynamics based on common relativity. Invariant Planck distribution for the black-body radiation is obtained. According to common relativity, the observed anisotropy of the 3 K radiation is not related to the angular dependence of the Planck distribution due to the absolute motion of the Earth in the cosmic black-body radiation because the spectral distribution of the «radiation energy» is covariant. This is in sharp contrast with the usual interpretation based on special relativity, in which the spectral distribution of the radiation energy is not covariant and has the simplest form in a particular reference frame.
Epithelial Repair and Regeneration

Contact with the environment positions the respiratory epithelium at risk for acute and chronic injury from infectious pathogens, noxious agents, and inflammatory processes. Thus, to protect gas transfer within the lung the epithelium is programmed for routine maintenance and repair. Programs for repair are directed by epithelial, mesenchymal, and inflammatory signals that collectively constitute highly regulated networks. Principal components of the repair network are developmental morphogens, integrin and growth factor signaling molecules, and transcription factors. The epithelium responds to these signals with a remarkable plasticity and is bulwarked by a population of lung progenitor cells to ensure maintenance and repair for fluid balance and host defense functions.
Photoionization models for the winds from cataclysmic variables

Photoionization models are presented for the relative abundances of Si IV, C IV, and N V as a function of the ionization parameter and shape of the ionizing continuum spectrum in the EUV and X-ray energy range. These models are applied to the interpretation of the UV resonance lines observed from the cataclysmic variable TW Virginis by Cordova and Mason. The observed lines are assumed to be formed in gas flowing supersonically out from the continuum source in the form of a stellar wind. It is shown that the shape of the ionizing spectrum can be determined without assuming that the outflow is spherical by fitting to ratios of the line strengths. Models which fit the observed ratios include an X-ray continuum with a low-energy cutoff and may also include a lower luminosity component in the EUV spectral region. Under the added assumption of spherical outflow the derived ionization parameter for the X-ray component can be used to constrain the total mass flux in the wind.