cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of the Diagnostic and Treatment Methods for Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is amongst the most life-threatening malignancy of the female reproductive system, whereas 90% of those ovarian cancers are epithelial with an overall poor five-year survival rate of 44% across all stages and all races [1]–[2], [31]. This paper aims to review the current treatment and diagnostic strategies for ovarian cancer [3]. Using grounded substantial research, multiple figures were developed to show the relations of ovarian cancer diagnostics and ovarian cancer therapeutics. It is a great start to look into what may be causing most patients to become resistant to the current standard of care, platinum-based chemotherapeutics, for ovarian cancer [4]. A comprehensive literature review will be used to understand the genetic basis of the disease and possible cancer growth patterns, so we could possibly introduce better diagnostics and therapeutics [5]. The findings show that there are a variety of treatments options other than the standard of care, platinum-based therapy [6]. Nanoparticle encapsulation therapy is one way that has been approved by the FDA to therapeutically treat ovarian cancer without the platinum resistant side effects [7]. Also, the discovery of different diagnostics for ovarian cancer can help with better individualized treatments for patients with different forms of ovarian cancer [8]. Currently, the only serous diagnostic test for the detection of ovarian cancer is high levels of Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125), which is only shown in 50% of early staged ovarian cancers [16]. The main treatment option for ovarian cancer is platinum-based drugs, in which most cases of patients with ovarian cancer will become resistant. Detecting and treating ovarian cancer while the cells are small, contained, and still in the early stages in vivo still remains to be a challenge [9]. Here, we will demonstrate the bioelectrical interactions of the ovarian cancer cells fused with the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with the use of an MRI. The findings demonstrate that the diagnostic method for the early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer requires the use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with specific ligand external profiles as a contrast reagent to make the small-sized ovarian cancer cells appear more visible under MRI.
Online Artifact Cancelation in Same-Electrode Neural Stimulation and Recording Using a Combined Hardware and Software Architecture

Advancing studies of neural network dynamics and developments of closed-loop neural interfaces requires the ability to simultaneously stimulate and record the neural cells. Recording adjacent to or at the stimulation site produces artifact signals that are orders of magnitude larger than the neural responses of interest. These signals often saturate the recording amplifier causing distortion or loss of short-latency evoked responses. This paper proposes a method to cancel the artifact in simultaneous neural recording and stimulation on the same electrode. By combining a novel hardware architecture with concurrent software processing, the design achieves neural signal recovery in a wide range of conditions. The proposed system uniquely demonstrates same-electrode stimulation and recording, with neural signal recovery in presence of stimulation artifact 100 dB larger in magnitude than the underlying signals. The system is tested both in vitro and in vivo , during concurrent stimulation and recording on the same electrode. In vivo results in a rodent model are compared to recordings made by a commercial neural amplifier system connected in parallel.
Pyrus: A Collaborative Programming Game to Support Problem-Solving

While prior work has shown that pair programming is successful in helping students develop confidence and produce better programs, research in collaboration and computing education suggests that it could be designed more effectively as a pedagogical tool. In this paper we present Pyrus, a collaborative programming game that explicitly scaffolds for behaviors linked to developing programming problem-solving skills. We evaluated Pyrus by comparing the amount of planning and verbal explanation demonstrated by pairs of programmers who worked on programming challenges in Pyrus and traditional pair programming. Our results suggest that Pyrus may more reliably support planning than traditional pair programming.
A vertical-axis unidirectional rotor for wave energy conversion

Abstract A vertical-axis rotor design for wave energy conversion is discussed in this work. The rotor has a number of cup blades laid out around its shaft. In ocean waves, water particles perform omnidirectional motion. While exposed in waves and driven by omnidirectional flows, the rotor performs unidirectional rotation about its vertically oriented shaft. This rotor concept was tested in a wave flume under various rotor parameters and wave conditions. Results show that the rotor's unidirectional behavior is profound, yet fluctuation of the unidirectional angular velocity broadly exists. A parametric study further revealed relations between the rotor's mean angular velocity and some other parameters.
Amplitude by Peak Interaction but No Evidence of Auditory Mismatch Response Deficits to Frequency Change in Preschool-Aged Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.

Background Prior studies indicate that the auditory mismatch response is sensitive to early alterations in brain development in multiple developmental disorders. Prenatal alcohol exposure is known to impact early auditory processing. The current study hypothesized alterations in the mismatch response in young children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Methods Participants in this study were 9 children with a FASD and 17 control children (Control) aged 3 to 6 years. Participants underwent magnetoencephalography and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans separately. We compared groups on neurophysiological mismatch negativity (MMN) responses to auditory stimuli measured using the auditory oddball paradigm. Frequent (1,000 Hz) and rare (1,200 Hz) tones were presented at 72 dB. Results There was no significant group difference in MMN response latency or amplitude represented by the peak located ~200 ms after stimulus presentation in the difference time course between frequent and infrequent tones. Examining the time courses to the frequent and infrequent tones separately, repeated measures analysis of variance with condition (frequent vs. rare), peak (N100m and N200m), and hemisphere as within-subject factors and diagnosis and sex as the between-subject factors showed a significant interaction of peak by diagnosis (p = 0.001), with a pattern of decreased amplitude from N100m to N200m in Control children and the opposite pattern in children with FASD. However, no significant difference was found with the simple effects comparisons. No group differences were found in the response latencies of the rare auditory evoked fields. Conclusions The results indicate that there was no detectable effect of alcohol exposure on the amplitude or latency of the MMNm response to simple tones modulated by frequency change in preschool-aged children with FASD. However, while discrimination abilities to simple tones may be intact, early auditory sensory processing revealed by the interaction between N100m and N200m amplitude indicates that auditory sensory processing may be altered in children with FASD.
The Renal Handling of Phosphate by Renal Transplant Patients: Correlation with Serum Parathyroid Hormone (SPTH), Cyclic 3′,5′-Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Urinary Excretion, and Allograft Function

Hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphaturia have been observed in renal transplant patients (1). Numerous factors can affect urinary phosphate excretion in the post-transplant state, but PTH is probably the most important. The persistence of an elevated SPTH level in the post-transplant period, despite good allograft function, suggests that phosphaturia may be directly related to the hyper-parathyroid state. Since PTH-induced phosphaturia is mediated by cAMP (2), there should be a correlation between SPTH and urinary cAMP excretion (UcAMP). Our study was initiated with the following objectives: a. To correlate the level of allograft function (determined by endogenous creatinine clearance, Ccreat) and SPTH concentration. b. To define the relationship between SPTH level and UCAMP- c. To correlate phosphate handling by the allograft with SPTH and UCAMP excretion.
New blocks for the same old joints.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW New block techniques are being constantly developed or old techniques modified to improve outcomes after surgery. This review discusses the reasons why new block techniques need to be developed to match the needs of contemporary anesthetic practice. RECENT FINDINGS New block techniques have been developed for joint surgeries of both upper and lower extremities. New upper extremity blocks focus on decreasing the risk of complications like diaphragmatic paresis and improving the quality of blocks. Techniques for lower extremity surgeries are being performed distally, closer to the joints, to minimize weakness of the extremity. A review of the available evidence for these techniques is undertaken to get an understanding of the indications and limitations of these techniques. SUMMARY Future studies need to be undertaken to further refine these techniques and produce evidence of support for analgesic efficacy, safety, and reliability.
Academic Genealogy of Neurosurgery via Department Chair.

Background An academic genealogy describes mentoring relationships in an academic discipline. In this study, we outline an academic genealogy of neurosurgery department chairs in the United States beginning with the founding members of the field. Methods The biographic information provided by the Society for Neurological Surgery provided the basis for our genealogy. We also performed a literature review with PubMed using the term neurosurgery department history. Our data was manually uploaded to an online database called Academic Tree. Within this platform, mentor and trainee relationships were indicated to produce an academic genealogy. Results Our search yielded a total of 377 chairs and 368 mentoring relationships across 98 neurosurgery departments. The largest family tree in our academic genealogy was that of Harvey Cushing, with 177 department chairs. Harvey Cushing was also the individual who trained the most number of department chairs (22). The institution that trained the most department chairs was Brigham and Women’s Hospital (26). Only 23.6% of department chairs completed residency training at the same institution where they became chair. Conclusions The academic genealogy in this study allows for any neurosurgeon trained in the United States to put his or her training into historical context. It also provides a reference for bibliographic research to quantitatively describe the influence of individuals and institutions on the field.
Delivery Delay and Mobile Faults

In this work we address the problem of reaching approximate consensus in a complete network of $n$ nodes, where message deliveries can be delayed by at most $d$ time-steps. We consider a mobile adversary, which corrupts at most $f$ nodes in any step, modeled as a synchronous round. We explicitly study how $d$ affects the feasibility of the problem. More precisely, we propose a framework to analyze mobile fault-tolerance in the presence of message delays. We prove that approximate consensus is feasible if and only if $n$ > 4df. We assume no knowledge of time (round index) by the nodes; instead, in our model, whenever a message is sent, it is timestamped by the communication channel. We propose the tight TimeStamps algorithm, which utilizes timestamps to optimally bound the number of faulty messages.
CT angiography depicted lumbar spinal artery anatomic course: defining a safer zone for lumbar sympathetic and splanchnic blocks

Introduction Determining safer techniques for lumbar injections is an important goal in pain medicine. This study aims to characterize the location of the T10–L5 spinal arteries using CT angiogram scans to define a safer approach for sympathetic and splanchnic blocks that minimizes intra-arterial injection. Methods CT angiograms of 68 patients were included this study. The path of the spinal arteries from the aorta origin along the vertebral body to the neural foramina was traced on axial CT images. The sagittal plane of the vertebral body was divided into nine quadrants to map the path of a spinal artery at a vertebral level. At a given vertebral level and laterality, the presence of an artery as well as the quadrants the artery traveled in along its path were recorded. Results At the anterior vertebral body, >90% of the spinal arteries were observed either at or below the pedicle level. At the middle portion of the vertebral body from T11 to L3, >80% of the spinal arteries were found at the pedicle level. For the posterior portion of the vertebral bodies at L4 and L5, the spinal arteries terminated almost universally below the pedicle level. For other levels at the posterior vertebral bodies, the spinal arteries were equivocally located at or below the pedicle level. Conclusion Using routine anatomic landmarks visible on CT imaging, we classified the anatomic course of low thoracic and lumbar spinal arteries originating from the aorta into the neural foraminal space. A safe recommendation to avoid intra-arterial injection for a splanchnic or lumbar sympathetic is to start above the pedicle and add a slight caudal angulation to the needle trajectory to avoid disc injury at the anterolateral vertebral body.
Modeling Cross-Shore Transport

Seymour and King (1982) evaluated a number of existing models for cross-shore transport by testing their skill in predicting the observed beach excursions at Torrey Pines. The results were discouraging, in that none of the models showed a useful skill level. As discussed in Chapter 12, the Torrey Pines data set may not have provided a realistic test for these models. Therefore, the other three data sets described in Chapter 12 (Scripps Beach, Santa Barbara and Virginia Beach) were employed to evaluate models for cross-shore transport.
Structural Basis for the Inhibition of CRISPR-Cas12a by Anti-CRISPR Proteins.

Summary CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1), a type V CRISPR-associated nuclease, provides bacterial immunity against bacteriophages and plasmids but also serves as a tool for genome editing. Foreign nucleic acids are integrated into the CRISPR locus, prompting transcription of CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that guide Cas12a cleavage of foreign complementary DNA. However, mobile genetic elements counteract Cas12a with inhibitors, notably type V-A anti-CRISPRs (AcrVAs). We present cryoelectron microscopy structures of Cas12a-crRNA bound to AcrVA1 and AcrVA4 at 3.5 and 3.3 A resolutions, respectively. AcrVA1 is sandwiched between the recognition (REC) and nuclease (NUC) lobes of Cas12a and inserts into the binding pocket for the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), a short DNA sequence guiding Cas12a targeting. AcrVA1 cleaves crRNA in a Cas12a-dependent manner, inactivating Cas12a-crRNA complexes. The AcrVA4 dimer is anchored around the crRNA pseudoknot of Cas12a-crRNA, preventing required conformational changes for crRNA-DNA heteroduplex formation. These results uncover molecular mechanisms for CRISPR-Cas12a inhibition, providing insights into bacteria-phage dynamics.
Ketamine induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow, interregional connectivity patterns, and glutamate metabolism

Abstract Several imaging studies have attempted to characterize the contribution of glutamatergic dysfunction to functional dysconnectivity of large-scale brain networks using ketamine models. However, findings from BOLD imaging studies are conflicting, in part because the signal stems from a complex interaction between blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen consumption. We used arterial spin labelling imaging to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a group of healthy volunteers during a saline and during a ketamine infusion. We examined changes in rCBF and interregional connectivity patterns, as well as their associations with clinical symptom severity and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) assessed with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We report a regionally selective pattern of rCBF changes following ketamine administration and complex changes in interregional connectivity patterns. We also found that the increase in rCBF in the bilateral putamen and left hippocampus was positively correlated with ketamine induced clinical symptom severity while anterior cingulate rCBF during the ketamine challenge was negatively correlated with change in hippocampal Glx. Our study adds to the efforts to empirically confirm putative links between an NMDA receptor blockage and dysconnectivity of large-scale brain networks, specifically the salience, executive control and default mode networks, suggesting that a glutamatergic imbalance may contribute to dysconnectivity. Development of glutamatergic compounds that alleviate disease burden, possibly through normalizing glutamate excess related increased rCBF, is direly needed.
Stationary High-Field Domains as Tools

High field domains are analyzed with the field-of-direction method, applied to the set of transport and Poisson equations. Cathode adjacent stationary high-field domains are inferred. These are directly connected to the metal/CdS interface with constant field and electron density. Thereby they shift the space charge layer that is typically directly attached to the cathode, away from it into the inner part of the crystal. This provides a unique opportunity to study the work function as a function of crystal parameters, e.g. the optical excitation. Also since the domain field can be measured directly, it provides an opportunity to measure the electron mobility as a function of the field when the Hall electrodes are placed within the domain. The domain is measured using the Franz-Keldysh effect to determine the domain width as function of the bias. Since the domain is determined by the work function of the cathode, the method of a virtual cathode by means of a shadow band is introduced. When, with increasing bias the domain starts to fill the entire space between the electrodes, a new stationary domain appears in front of the anode with substantially higher fields. These domains stabilize the current in the pre breakdown range since they limit the field. The conditions for the domains to occur are given. Non stationary, moving high field domains provide additional insight of the properties of CdS at higher fields. Specifically, one obtains that within the domain the otherwise n-type CdS is inverted to p-type. A summary concludes the chapter.
The Effect of Timing of Surgery in Pituitary Apoplexy on Continuously Valued Visual Acuity.

Background Pituitary apoplexy is often treated urgently, but this is based on studies which assess vision categorically and dichotomizes the time interval between symptom onset and surgery which may introduce bias in measuring an association between the two. Objective This study was aimed to assess for a relationship between continuously valued surgery delay and visual acuity recovery after pituitary apoplexy. Methods In this retrospective study, all patients presenting with symptomatic pituitary apoplexy between 2004 and 2016 were identified from an institutional database. The primary endpoint was visual acuity improvement, measured as the difference in acuity from the pre- to postoperative period, and measured in Logarithm of the Minimal Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) units. Analysis was performed using continuous values of time delay and visual acuity to assess for an underlying association. Results Thirty-two pituitary apoplexy patients were identified. Visual acuity deficits were reported in 81%. The median visual acuity was 0.35 LogMAR (Snellen's fraction 20/40) preoperatively, and 0.1 (20/25) postoperatively ( p < 0.01). The time between symptom onset and surgery was not associated with improvement in visual acuity ( p = 0.46). When the time delay and visual outcome were intentionally dichotomized, patients undergoing surgery within 2 days of symptom onset had 0.21 times the odds of a good visual outcome (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04-1.05). Conclusion When assessed as continuously valued measures, the time from symptom onset to surgical intervention and the improvement in visual acuity are not associated, although intentional dichotomization of data produced conflicting results.
A Study on Linear Acceleration of the Wrist During Free-Living

Accelerometers have gained popularity in biomedical and m-health applications such as actigraphy or automated dietary monitoring due to their ease of use and their ability to characterize motion. These sensors report raw acceleration from which gravity and linear acceleration must be separated, with commercial packages reporting raw acceleration, linear acceleration or both. New researchers to the field may often be confused when to use raw acceleration or linear acceleration, especially given the susceptibility of linear acceleration to noise, and the lack of published distributions of these signals. This paper provides a short tutorial on obtaining linear acceleration estimates. Using these methods we analyze a large dataset containing 4,680 hours of wrist tracking data, the largest such dataset known to us. We learn the range of wrist motion accelerations, and quantify the expected noise in the linear acceleration signal. We explain the sources of this noise, and a filtering technique to mitigate it. For the first time, we report the range of wrist acceleration values observed during free-living, and quantify the expected range of noise in this wrist acceleration. We show that while previous work has reported average accelerations at the feet and body ranging from 0–15g during spots-like activities like walking, running or jumping, wrist acceleration in free-living subjects during daily activities is often much lower, and ranges from 0–0.2g. We show that noise in linear acceleration can range from 0–0.06g, an overlap of 70%. This suggests that in applications where the wrist acceleration is in this range of noise, linear acceleration may not provide useful features, and researchers should only rely on raw acceleration instead.
Distinguishing Firefighters With Subthreshold PTSD From Firefighters With Probable PTSD or Low Symptoms

A substantial proportion of professional firefighters experience PTSD symptoms at levels high enough to qualify for a probable diagnosis. However, firefighters with subthreshold levels for clinical...
Managing Insecticide and Miticide Resistance in Florida Landscapes

Resistance to insecticide or miticide is a worry for landscape managers. Around the world, chinch bugs, leafminers, and other insect and mite pests have become resistant to dozens of insecticides, but with diligent insecticide resistance management, we can still maintain long-term effective chemical control. With few new modes of action coming onto the market, landscape managers need to be good stewards of existing products. Ultimately, resistance management means reducing exposure of pests to any one pesticide. Fortunately, there are many ways to prevent resistance and still control pests of ornamental plants and lawns, and this 6-page fact sheet written by Nicole Benda and Adam Dale and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department explains how. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in714
A Method for Requesting Power-Conservation Considering Diversification of Consumers’ Behavior in an Electricity Market

Negawatt trading is a type of trading with electrical power saved by consumers and expected to suppress peak power consumption in an electricity market. However, the negawatt power is likely to lead to instability in power-supply because consumers’ behavior for power-conservation is unpredictable. This unstable negawatt power prevents a power-supply system from maintaining reliable and accommodating demand. This paper proposes a method to request consumers to save power in order to make negawatt power stable. Our method involves the diversification of consumers’ behavior. Some experimental results demonstrate the relation between consumers’ behavioral changes and instability of negawatt power.
Quality of Life, Resilience, and Related Factors of Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background COVID-19 and the associated measures to mitigate the spread of the virus have significantly disrupted nursing education. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between quality of life (QoL), resilience, and associated factors among nursing students during the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent social distancing requirements. Methods A cross-sectional study using an anonymous survey with nursing students (n = 152) was conducted at a public university in rural Appalachia in April 2020. Instruments included World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, demographics and school-related questionnaires, and an open-ended question. Data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyses. Results Resilience, having online experience, and being well prepared for online learning were associated with each QoL domain. Remarkably, 21% to 54% of nursing student QoL scores indicated poor QoL. Conclusions Cultivating resilience among nursing students may improve QoL, help with academic success, and prepare students to sustain the demands associated with the nursing profession.
Second-Window Indocyanine Green for Visualization of Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report With Two-Dimensional Operative Video

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE The proper differentiation of neoplastic tissue from adjacent brain parenchyma can pose a great challenge, especially in eloquent areas of the brain. With the novel technique, "Second-Window Indocyanine Green," injection of a near-infrared fluorophore (ICG) allows for intraoperative visualization of tumors by taking advantage of the compromised vasculature surrounding the tumor. Thus, such a technique may demonstrate utility for hemangioblastomas, which are hypervascular tumors of the central nervous system. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Here we present the case of a 39-yr-old male with a demonstrated cystic mass in the left cerebellum, with additional edema spreading towards the vermis. A total of 5 mg/kg of ICG was delivered intravenously 24 h prior to the operation. The tumor was approached via the infratentorial suboccipital approach. We observed strong near-infrared fluorescence through the intact dura, consistent with the tumor location. Surgical pathology confirmed a final diagnosis of cerebellar hemangioblastoma. There was complete resection of the tumor, with the patient discharged uneventfully. CONCLUSION We report the first successful case of fluorescence-guided surgery of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma using near-infrared fluorescence imaging with the Second-Window ICG technique. This joins a growing series of publications that demonstrate the efficacy of a novel application of ICG, a near-infrared fluorophore, in accurate intraoperative visualization of neoplastic tissue. While the use of a dedicated near-infrared platform (ie, the VisionSense Iridium [Visionsense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]) yields a higher signal-to-background ratio, a neurosurgical microscope (ie, the Leica OH6 [Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany]) may also provide a suitable option in cases where fluorescence is very strong.
There Is No Role for Damage Control Orthopedics Within the Golden Hour.

Introduction Trauma systems within the United States have adapted the "golden hour" principle to guide prehospital planning with the goal to deliver the injured to the trauma facility in under 60 minutes. In an effort to reduce preventable prehospital death, in 2009, Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates mandated that prehospital transport of injured combat casualties must be less than 60 minutes. The U.S. Military has implemented a 60-minute timeline for the transport of battlefield causalities to medical teams to include Forward Surgical Teams and Forward Resuscitative Surgical Teams. The inclusion of orthopedic surgeons on Forward Surgical Teams has been extrapolated from the concept of damage control orthopedics (DCO). However, it is not clear if orthopedic surgeons have yielded a demonstrable benefit in morbidity or mortality reduction. The purpose of this article is to investigate the function of orthopedic surgeons during the military "golden hour." Materials and methods The English literature was reviewed for evidence supporting the use of orthopedic surgeons within the golden hour. Literature was reviewed in light of the 2009 golden hour mandate by Secretary Gates as well as those papers which highlighted the utility of DCO within the golden hour. Results Evidence for orthopedic surgery within the "golden hour" or in the current conflicts when the United States enjoys air superiority was not identified. Conclusions Within the military context, DCO, specifically pertaining to fracture fixation, should not be considered an element of golden hour planning and thus orthopedic surgeons are best utilized at more centralized Role 3 facility locations. The focus within the first hour after injury on the battlefield should be maintained on rapid and effective prehospital care combined with timely evacuation, as these are the most critical factors to reducing mortality.
The Simulation Research on Propagation Characteristics of Acoustic Signal Generated By Buffer Layer Ablation Defects in High Voltage Cable

High voltage cables are widely used and directly associated with the reliability and safety of urban power transmission. However, nowadays, the ablation defect in high voltage cable has caused trouble to power systems. This kind of defect occurs in the buffer layer (semi-conductive water-blocking tape) of the high voltage cable and is hard to be detected using conventional techniques. Therefore, this paper provides some basic researches on acoustic characteristics of the buffer layer for further exploration of acoustic detection methods. In this paper, a numerical acoustic model is established based on the porous characteristics and the buffer layer structure. The propagation characteristics of acoustic signal generated by buffer layer discharge is thus obtained and the applicative condition to adopt ultrasonic detection of buffer layer ablation.
Family Planning Providers' Assessment of Intimate Partner Violence and Substance Use.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use are intersecting health problems that adversely impact sexual and reproductive health outcomes for women seeking care at family plannin...
Advice to Presidential Appointees: Familiarize Yourself With OMB

Those beginning their political appointments may anticipate interacting with OMB to some extent in the context of proposed rulemaking, but they are likely ignorant about OMB’s “legislative clearance” process. In fact, it may come as a shock that the vast majority of your interactions with OMB will be through legislative clearance.
Culturally Responsive, Sustaining, and Revitalizing Pedagogies: Perspectives from Native American Education

We examine culturally relevant/responsive pedagogy (CRP) and its extensions–culturally based and culturally sustaining and revitalizing pedagogy–focusing on Native American/Indigenous education. Te...
Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250

Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages stood at a crossroads of trade and crusading routes and fell within the spheres of influence of both the Byzantine Orthodox Church and Latin Christendom. This authoritative survey draws on historical and archaeological sources in the narration of 750 years of the history of the region, including Romania, southern Ukraine, southern Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania and Greece. Exploring the social, political and economic changes marking the transition from late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages, this book addresses important themes such as the rise of medieval states, the conversion to Christianity, the monastic movement inspired by developments in Western Europe and in Byzantium, and the role of material culture (architecture, the arts and objects of daily life) in the representation of power.
ACTION, REFLECTIVE POSSIBILITY, AND THE FRAME PROBLEM

A solution to the frame problem is proposed. This solution is based on the idea that the frame problem can essentially be reduced to the concepts of reflection and logical possibility. Both a very general action-frame law and a more specific sequential action-frame law are described and exemplified.
Innovator Buying Behavior Over Time:: The Innovator Buying Cycle and the Cumulative Effects of Innovations

Earlier research on this topic focussed on the adoption of an innovation in isolation from other innovations. Analyzes the cumulative effects of earlier innovations on the adoption of future innovations in the same product class. It is proposed that innovators move through a series of stages, the innovator buying cycle, driven by an internal dynamic.
Modulation of angiotensin II pressor responsiveness by circulating levels of angiotensin II in pregnant sheep

During human and ovine pregnancy, systemic pressor responses to infused angiotensin II are decreased when compared to the nonpregnant state. An increased circulating level of angiotensin II has been proposed as one of the possible mechanisms responsible for this refractoriness. The present study was designed to determine if increased pressor responsiveness to exogenous angiotensin II occurs after circulating levels of angiotensin II in pregnant ewes are reduced. Pregnant (112 to 118 days' gestation) and nonpregnant sheep were instrumented with catheters in the femoral artery and vein. Dose-response curves to angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine were established prior to and during continuous short-term (2 to 3 hours' duration) and long-term (24 hours' duration) inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity by either captopril or enalapril. Short-term infusions of converting enzyme inhibitors blocked the formation of angiotensin II from exogenously administered angiotensin I but did not alter pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II or norepinephrine in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. Long-term infusions of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril blocked responses to angiotensin I but did not alter pressor responses to norepinephrine in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. In contrast, responses to angiotensin II were significantly potentiated in pregnant sheep but were not altered in nonpregnant sheep. These results suggest that increased circulating levels of angiotensin II in pregnant sheep are responsible for pregnancy-induced decreases in angiotensin II responsiveness.
Reclamando el poder: los ciudadanos en el exterior y su impacto en la política mexicana

En este articulo se estudia el impacto del activismo politico de los migrantes mexicanos residentes en los Estados Unidos que buscan ejercer sus derechos politicos en Mexico. Se analizan los factores que estan creando las condiciones en Mexico para hacer efectivos derechos ciudadanos fundamentales como el voto en elecciones presidenciales y la representacion en el Poder Legislativo para ciudadanos en el exterior. La apertura del sistema politico mexicano a los migrantes internacionales se atribuye a una convergencia de procesos, que incluyen la incipiente transicion a la democracia, la institucionalizacion de la relacion entre migrantes y partidos politicos y el activismo de los propios migrantes, quienes buscan promover reformas electorales y politicas relacionadas con su condicion social. ABSTRACT This article analyzes the impact of political activism by Mexican migrants living in the United States who seek to exercise their political rights in Mexico. The factors that are creating conditions in Mexico needed to put into effect fundamental citizen rights, such as the vote in presidential elections and representation in the legislative branch for citizens living abroad, are analyzed. The opening of the Mexican political system to the international migrants is attributed to a convergence of processes that include the incipient transition to democracy, the institutionalization of the relationship between migrants and political parties, and the activism of the migrants themselves, as they seek to promote electoral reforms and policies related to their social condition.
The Perils of Appropriation

In his article “Discourse Analysis: Dimensions of Critique in Psychology,” Ian Parker seeks to plot out the analytic landscape demonstrating that such disparate approaches as Foucaudian Discourse A...
Design of H ∞ controller for a lightly damped system using a bilinear pole shifting transform

An H∞ control law design is presented for a benchmark problem consisting of an undamped pair of spring-coupled masses with a sensor and actuator which are not co-located. This simple mechanical system captures many of the salient features of more complex aircraft and space structure vibration control problems. The H∞ problem formulation enables the issue of stability robustness in the face of large mass and spring constant variation to be directly addressed. Constraints on closed-loop dominant pole locations and settling time are accommoodated via a simple s-plane bilinear transform s = s+?/?s+1. The parameter "σ" can give direct control of closed-loop disturbance settling time and controller open loop pole-zero locations. A 4-state H∞ minimum phase controller was found to meet the given specifications of each design. Detailed analysis on the trade-offs of sensor noise versus control energy are presented in a full-length version of the paper.
Multi-resolution support vector machine

The support vector machine (SVM) is a new learning methodology based on Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) theory (Vapnik, 1982, 1995). SVM has recently attracted growing research interest due to its ability to learn classification and regression tasks with high-dimensional data. The SVM formulation uses kernel representation. The existing algorithm leaves the choice of the kernel type and kernel parameters to the user. This paper describes an important extension to the SVM method: the multiresolution SVM (M-SVM) in which several kernels of different scales can be used simultaneously to approximate the target function. The proposed M-SVM approach enables 'automatic' selection of the 'optimal' kernel width. This usually results in better prediction accuracy of SVM models.
The role of β-arrestins in the termination and transduction of G-protein-coupled receptor signals

beta-Arrestins are versatile adapter proteins that form complexes with most G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) following agonist binding and phosphorylation of receptors by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). They play a central role in the interrelated processes of homologous desensitization and GPCR sequestration, which lead to the termination of G protein activation. beta-arrestin binding to GPCRs both uncouples receptors from heterotrimeric G proteins and targets them to clathrin-coated pits for endocytosis. Recent data suggest that beta-arrestins also function as GPCR signal transducers. They can form complexes with several signaling proteins, including Src family tyrosine kinases and components of the ERK1/2 and JNK3 MAP kinase cascades. By recruiting these kinases to agonist-occupied GPCRs, beta-arrestins confer distinct signaling activities upon the receptor. beta-arrestin-Src complexes have been proposed to modulate GPCR endocytosis, to trigger ERK1/2 activation and to mediate neutrophil degranulation. By acting as scaffolds for the ERK1/2 and JNK3 cascades, beta-arrestins both facilitate GPCR-stimulated MAP kinase activation and target active MAP kinases to specific locations within the cell. Thus, their binding to GPCRs might initiate a second wave of signaling and represent a novel mechanism of GPCR signal transduction.
Effects of Long-Term Hydration Leading to the Development of Polar Channels in Hairless Mouse Stratum Corneum

Dramatic increases in in vitro permeability coefficients have been observed following the long-term hydration (days) of hairless mouse skin. The effect is greatest for extremely polar or ionized solutes. Differential scanning calorimetry has been utilized in complementary studies in an attempt to assess if the altered permeability may be due to the irreversible alteration of lipid fluidity or keratin structure. The melting range of the lipid endotherms appears to be unaffected when stratum corneum is subjected to hydration conditions similar to those in the permeability experiments. Endotherms attributed to keratin appear to be altered by long-term hydration. However, no quantitative correlation was found between the keratin endotherm area and the permeabilities. The permeability data fit a model where the total permeability coefficient at a given time is the sum of the permeability coefficients associated with the lipid route and the polar route. Permeation increases with hydration time due primarily to alteration of the polar route. Based on molecular weight, no limitation of diffusion in the polar pathway was detected.
Phase-separable catalysis using room temperature ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide

A new phase-separable catalysis concept is demonstrated using supercritical carbon dioxide and the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate for hydrogenation of alkenes and carbon dioxide.
RADIATION AND CONVECTION FOR PONDEROSA PINE

The transfer of energy to and from a Ponderosa pine branch involves solar radiation, thermal radiation from the ground, atmosphere, and surroundings, thermal emission by the branch, and free convection in still air and forced convection in wind. It is necessary to know the actual surface area of the branch, the effective area for absorbing sunlight, the effective area for absorbing long wave thermal radiation and for emission, and the free and forced convection coefficients. These parameters were determined using a solid silver casting of a Ponderosa pine branch suspended in an evacuated radiation chamber and in a wind tunnel. The actual surface area of the branch was determined by means of an electrolytic technique. Numerical examples are given of the evaluation of the temperature of a live branch based on energy transfer considerations. Comparison is made to our earlier work on spruce and fir. A PLANT ill its natural environment is exposed
Detecting social interactions of the elderly in a nursing home environment

Social interaction plays an important role in our daily lives. It is one of the most important indicators of physical or mental changes in aging patients. In this article, we investigate the problem of detecting social interaction patterns of patients in a skilled nursing facility using audio/visual records. Our studies consist of both a “Wizard of Oz” style study and an experimental study of various sensors and detection models for detecting and summarizing social interactions among aging patients and caregivers. We first simulate plausible sensors using human labeling on top of audio and visual data collected from a skilled nursing facility. The most useful sensors and robust detection models are determined using the simulated sensors. We then present the implementation of some real sensors based on video and audio analysis techniques and evaluate the performance of these implementations in detecting interactions. We conclude the article with discussions and future work.
ACID-BASE ALTERATIONS IN PULMONARY DISEASE.

Several factors contributing to changes in acid-base state in pulmonary disease have been presented. Examples of the more common combinations of these factors are shown. It is clear that the patient with pulmonary disease ill enough to be hospitalized may be acidotic, have a normal blood pH, or, most commonly, will be alkalotic. Alkalosis is usually due either to potassium depletion or to renal “overcompensation.” Respiratory alkalosis is also common. Laboratory evaluation of patients severely ill with pulmonary disease is very important because it may direct therapy to areas not suggested by the patient's clinical appearance.
Intended Treatments of Arithmetic Average in U.S. and Asian School Mathematics Textbooks.

This study examined how selected U.S. and Asian mathematics curricula are designed to facilitate students' understanding of the arithmetic average. There is a consistency regarding the learning goals among these curriculum series, but the focuses are different between the Asian series and the U.S. reform series. The Asian series and the U.S. commercial series focus the arithmetic average more on conceptual and procedural understanding of the concept as a computational algorithm than on understanding the concept as a representative of a data set; however, the two U.S. reform series focus the concept more on the latter. Because of the different focuses, the Asian and the U.S. curriculum series treat the concept differently. In the Asian series, the concept is first introduced in the context of “equal-sharing” or “per-unit-quantity,” and the averaging formula is formally introduced at a very early stage. In the U.S. reform series, the concept is discussed as a measure of central tendency, and after students have some intuitive ideas of the statistical aspect of the concept, the averaging algorithm is briefly introduced.
Pseudofacilitation: A temperature-sensitive phenomenon.

With sustained isometric exercise, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude of normal subjects may increase, a phenomenon known as pseudofacilitation. To explore the mechanism of pseudofacilitation, the effect of exercise combined with focal heating and cooling of abductor pollicis brevis was examined in 10 normal subjects. After 10 s of isometric exercise, CMAP amplitude increased by 3.6% (median value) at 32 degrees C and 6.4% at 40 degrees C, and decreased by 9.1% at 20 degrees C. Duration decreased by 12.6% at 32 degrees C and 11.7% at 42 degrees C, but increased by 12.4% at 20 degrees C. Area decreased by 9.8% at 32 degrees C and 8. 6% at 42 degrees C, and increased by 1.1% at 20 degrees C. Changes with cooling were significant (P < 0.01) as compared to baseline (32 degrees C); changes with heating were not. Thus, cooling reverses the expected increase in CMAP amplitude normally seen with exercise. Although providing only indirect evidence, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that increased activity of muscle Na(+),K(+)-pump plays a role in producing pseudofacilitation.
Facile Reductive Amination of Aldehydes with Electron-Deficient Anilines by Acyloxyborohydrides in TFA: Application to a Diazaindoline Scale-Up

A scale-up of diazaindoline 1 was achieved in four stages and 32% overall yield. The key step involved rapid reductive amination of aldehyde 8 with aniline 5 by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB-H) and TFA followed by ring closure of intermediate amine 9 to compound 1 in the same pot. These reaction conditions were also applied to facile reductive aminations with anilines known to have little reactivity under STAB-H/AcOH conditions. Spectral data supported the tris(trifluoroacetoxy)borohydride anion (16) as the active reducing agent.