cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emplacement of the Butler Hill Granite, a shallow pluton within the St. Francois Mountains batholith, southeastern Missouri

The St. Francois Mountains batholith of southeastern Missouri appears to be a shallow composite batholith that has intruded a roof of its own volcanic ejecta. The complex is composed mostly of silicic intrusive units and rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks that are mostly about 1,500 m.y. old. Field, petrographic, and chemical data suggest that the batholith has been tilted to the southwest and beveled by erosion, thus exposing a 6-km stratigraphic section of the volcanic roof and a 4-km cross section of the underlying intrusive units. The Butler Hill Granite is the largest single intrusive unit in the St. Francois Mountains batholith and probably controlled the development of most of the batholith. The Butler Hill Granite is characterized by small but systematic chemical variations, with SiO 2 and K 2 O most abundant in the southwest and Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO, and CaO most abundant in the northeast. Moreover, the pluton is characterized by striking gradational changes in mineralogy, with plagioclase and perthitic orthoclase most abundant in the northeast and southwest, respectively. These modal and chemical changes support the tilted-batholith hypothesis, which predicts that the Butler Hill Granite should be structurally highest and most differentiated to the southwest and deeper and less differentiated to the northeast. The large increase in plagioclase to the northeast is due to increased fluid pressure resulting from the greater original depth of this magma. High fluid pressure (about 3 kb) has resulted in partial elimination of the one-feldspar field, so that albite to sodic oligoclase formed rather than a mixed feldspar. These modal data, along with volcanic stratigraphic evidence and chemical relationships expressed in the quartz-albite-orthoclase-water system, suggest that the depth of crystallization of Butler Hill Granite now exposed in the northeasternmost part of the pluton was about 10 km.
Acid Violence And Medical Care In Bangladesh Women’s Activism as Carework

Acid attacks on women are increasing at alarming rates in Bangladesh, but the government has failed to provide medical care to the victims. Easily available sulfuric acid, which can mutilate a human face in moments, has emerged as a weapon used to disfigure a woman’s body. By the mid-1990s, activists had documented acid attacks, and urban protests were followed by demands for better medical care. I show how the interaction between local and international-level civil society organizations made international resources available to local feminist groups engaged in domestic social struggles and helped to improve medical care for acid victims of Bangladesh.
Tradable Permits and Agricultural Sequestration of Carbon

Mounting scientific evidence supports a relationship between increasing Global temperatures and the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. While gases, such as methane, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrous oxide, are believed to contribute to increasing global temperature, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) attributes 60 percent of this greenhouse effect to carbon dioxide (IPCC, 1996). IPCC estimates of the Potential increase in global mean surface temperature over the next hundred Years range from 1° centigrade (C) to 3.5° C, with a best estimate increase of 2.0° C. Beyond the year 2100, temperatures may climb an additional 0.5°C to 2.0° C as the thermal inertia of the world’s oceans is overcome. Despite Uncertainty concerning the eventual magnitude of the warming effect, there Is broad acceptance that global temperature is rising. The IPCC projects that the late of warming will like exceed any experienced in the last 10,000 years.
Upscale Feedback of Tropical Synoptic Variability to Intraseasonal Oscillations through the Nonlinear Rectification of the Surface Latent Heat Flux

Abstract Analysis of observational data suggests two-way interactions between the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and synoptic-scale variability (SSV). On one hand, SSV is strongly modulated by the ISO; that is, a strengthened (weakened) SSV appears during the enhanced (suppressed) ISO phase. The northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic wave train is strengthened and well organized in the northwestern Pacific during the enhanced ISO phase but weakened during the suppressed ISO phase. On the other hand, SSV may exert an upscale feedback to ISO through the nonlinearly rectified surface latent heat flux (LHF). The maximum synoptic contribution exceeds 20%–30% of the total intraseasonal LHF over the tropical Indian Ocean, western Pacific, and northeastern Pacific. The nonlinearly rectified LHF leads the ISO convection and boundary layer specific humidity, and thus it may contribute to the propagation of the ISO in boreal summer through the preconditioning of the surface moisture and moist static energy ...
Invited overview: conclusions from a review of electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish

page 445 Abstract These conclusions are extracted from a published review and synthesis of literature on electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish. Although a valuable sampling technique for over half a century, electrofishing, which involves a very dynamic and complex mix of physics, physiology, and behavior, remains poorly understood. New hypotheses have been advanced regarding ''power transfer'' to fish and the epileptic nature of their responses to electric fields, but these too need to be more fully explored and validated. Fishery researchers and managers are particularly concerned about the harmful effects of electrofishing on fish, especially endangered species. Although often not externally obvious or fatal, spinal injuries and associated hemorrhages sometimes have been documented in over 50% of fish examined internally. Such injuries can occur anywhere in the electrofishing field at or above the intensity threshold for the twitch response. These injuries are believed to result from powerful convulsions of body musculature (possibly epileptic seizures) caused mostly by sudden changes in voltage as when electricity is pulsed or switched on or off. Significantly fewer spinal injuries are reported when direct current, low-frequency pulsed direct current (£ 30 Hz), or specially designed pulse trains are used. Salmoninae are especially susceptible. Other harmful effects, such as bleeding at gills or vent and excessive physiological stress, are also of concern. Mortality, usually by asphyxiation, is a common result of excessive exposure to tetanizing intensities near electrodes or poor handling of captured specimens. Reported effects on reproduction are contradictory, but electrofishing over spawning grounds can harm embryos. Electrofishing is often considered the most effective and benign technique for capturing moderate to large-size fish, but when adverse effects are problematic and cannot be sufficiently reduced, its use should be severely restricted.
Mapping phosphoproteins in Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Little is known regarding the extent or targets of phosphorylation in mycoplasmas, yet in many other bacterial species phosphorylation is known to play an important role in signaling and regulation of cellular processes. To determine the prevalence of phosphorylation in mycoplasmas, we examined the CHAPS-soluble protein fractions of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), using a combination of Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein stain and 33P labeling. Protein spots that were positive for phosphorylation were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. We identified a total of 24 distinct phosphoproteins, about 3% and 5% of the total protein complement in M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium, respectively, indicating that phosphorylation occurs with prevalence similar to many other bacterial species. Identified phosphoproteins include pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha and beta subunits, enolase, heat shock proteins DnaK and GroEL, elongation factor Tu, cytadherence accessory protein HMW3, P65, and several hypothetical proteins. These proteins are involved in energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, translation/transcription and cytadherence. Interestingly, fourteen of the 24 phosphoproteins we identified (58%) were previously reported as putatively associated with a cytoskeleton-like structure that is present in the mycoplasmas, indicating a potential regulatory role for phosphorylation in this structure. This study has shown that phosphorylation in mycoplasmas is comparable to that of other bacterial species. Our evidence supports a link between phosphorylation and cytadherence and/or a cytoskeleton-like structure, since over half of the proteins identified as phosphorylated have been previously associated with these functions. This opens the door to further research into the purposes and mechanisms of phosphorylation for mycoplasmas.
Recruitment in the sea: bacterial genes required for inducing larval settlement in a polychaete worm

Recruitment in the sea: bacterial genes required for inducing larval settlement in a polychaete worm
A perspective on Japanese trade policy and Japan-US trade friction

In spite of Japan’s full participation in multilateral tariff reductions, it frequently has been embroiled in contentious trade disputes with the United States. Before 1980, most of the friction was generated by U.S. industries seeking protection from Japanese imports, including textiles, steel, televisions, and automobiles. All of the cases just mentioned, and others, were ultimately settled when the government of Japan agreed to voluntarily restrain exports of the disputed items. By the mid-1980's, a substantial fraction of Japan’s exports to the United States were subject to Japanese government restraints. Nevertheless, protectionist pressures in the U.S. seemed to grow rather than dissipate. To counterbalance the protectionist pressure, American politicians and government officials attempted to shift the focus of U.S. trade policy, away from Japanese imports and towards expanded sales of U.S. products to Japan, particularly in closed or regulated markets there. In a succession of bilateral negotiations since 1985, the U.S. government has demanded and obtained, under threats of retaliation, many Japanese concessions benefitting American exporters to Japan. The beneficiaries of this policy include American exporters of semiconductor s, beef, oranges, wood products, insurance, telecommunications, auto parts, and other items. Through it all, Japan has only rarely lodged official protests against the trade policies or practices of the U.S.. From the onesidedness of the complaints, one might think that Japan-U.S. trade friction really is about Japan’s “unfair” practices and “closed” markets. It is not. It is about how best to deal with, or deflect, the protectionist response in the U.S. to expanded Japanese exports.
The Sky is (not) the Limit: Envisioning the Ultimate Public Media Display

This article is a contribution to screenology, a hypothetical branch of media studies that would deal with the history of screens as both material realities and discursive entities. It develops an archaeology of the screen from a specific angle, excavating the little known efforts to turn the sky into a kind of super-screen, the ultimate media display. These efforts have been both concrete and discursive, often involving complex mixtures of both. The discussion moves between various social spheres, touching upon commerce and advertising, warfare, religion, journalism, literature and art. Among the issues the article covers are the history of cloud projections, literary fantasies about future media, Futurist aerial theatre, Albert Speer’s light spectacles in Nazi Germany and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy’s utopian projections of light displays in open spaces. Finally, their repercussions in more recent media discourses are also pointed out.
In vivo Endothelial Cell Infection by Anaplasma marginale

Anaplasma marginale has recently been shown to infect endothelial cells in vitro, but it remains unknown as to whether endothelial infection also occurs in vivo. In this report, we demonstrate through dual fluorescence microscopy that A marginale, detected by the monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1, co-localizes with the endothelial cell marker, von Willebrand factor, in tissue sections from an experimentally inoculated calf. The results indicate that A marginale infection includes endothelial cells and has implications for both pathogenesis and immune mechanisms.
Code-Switching Across Brainstorming Sessions: Implications for the Revised Hierarchical Model of Bilingual Language Processing

The revised hierarchical model (RHM) of bilingual language processing posits independent word form representations for the dominant language (L1) and the nondominant language (L2), facilitated translation from L2 words to L1 words, access to common concepts for L1 and L2, and stronger activation of concepts for L1 than for L2. Spanish-English and English-Spanish bilinguals brainstormed for two sessions; half switched languages (L1-L2 or L2-L1) and half stayed in the same language (L1-L1 or L2-L2) across sessions. In both sessions, L1 brainstorming resulted in more efficient idea productivity than L2 brainstorming, supporting stronger concept activation for L1, consistent with the RHM. Switching languages from L2 to L1 resulted in the most efficient idea productivity in Session 2, suggesting that switching to L1 not only permits strong concept activation, but also the activation of concepts that are relatively different than those activated by L2, inconsistent with the RHM. Switching languages increased the proportion of Session 1 ideas repeated during Session 2, despite instructions not to repeat. This finding suggests that there is activation of concepts as well as word forms in same language brainstorming and that this dual activation aids in following instructions not to repeat, consistent with the RHM. It is suggested that the RHM be re-specified to accommodate the notion that L1 and L2 access relatively different concepts.
On enhancing cardiac pulse measurements through thermal imaging

This paper presents methodological advances on pulse measurement through thermal imaging of the face - a modality that recovers thermo-physiological function. Two previous methods that capitalized on heat transfer effects along and across the vessel during pulse propagation have been brought together in a fusion scheme. In addition, the quality of the extracted physiological signals has improved thanks to sophisticated tracking and noise reduction algorithms. Finally, parameter optimization has fine-tuned harmonic analysis of the signals, thus, strengthening the measurement accuracy. Comparative experiments that were conducted on a dataset of 12 subjects highlighted the virtues of the new methodology versus the legacy ones. Specifically, the new method reduced the instantaneous measurement error from 10.5% to 7.8%, while it improved mean accuracy from 88.6% to 95.3%. This advancement brings clinical applications of the technology within sight.
Phrase-final lengthening and stress-timed shortening in the speech of native speakers and Japanese learners of English

Describes and analyzes the durational patterns of native Japanese speakers learning English, with a focus on two major prosodic effects: phrase-final lengthening and stress-timed shortening. To investigate the relative contribution of these effects, a production experiment was conducted, adapting the methodological framework of Beckman and Edwards (1990). The effects of three degrees of boundary strength (the boundaries separating the members of a compound, two phonological phrases and two intonational phrases) on the two phenomena were analyzed. Native English speakers, beginning Japanese learners of English and advanced Japanese learners of English were compared.
Conservation of structure and mechanism by Trm5 enzymes

Enzymes of the Trm5 family catalyze methyl transfer from S-adenosyl methionine (AdoMet) to the N 1 of G37 to synthesize m 1 G37tRNA as a critical determinant to prevent ribosome frameshift errors. Trm5 is specific to eukaryotes and archaea, and it is unrelated in evolution from the bacterial counterpart TrmD, which is a leading anti-bacterial target. The successful targeting of TrmD requires detailed information on Trm5 to avoid cross-species inhibition. However, most information on Trm5 is derived from studies of the archaeal enzyme Methanococcus jannaschii (MjTrm5), whereas little information is available for eukaryotic enzymes. Here we use human Trm5 (Homo sapiens; HsTrm5) as an example of eukaryotic enzymes and demonstrate that it has retained key features of catalytic properties of the archaeal MjTrm5, including the involvement of a general base to mediate one proton transfer. We also address the protease sensitivity of the human enzyme upon expression in bacteria. Using the tRNA-bound crystal structure of the archaeal enzyme as a model, we have identified a single substitution in the human enzyme that improves resistance to proteolysis. These results establish conservation in both the catalytic mechanism and overall structure of Trm5 between evolutionarily distant eukaryotic and archaeal species and validate the crystal structure of the archaeal enzyme as a useful model for studies of the human enzyme.
MRI identification of early white matter injury in anoxic–ischemic encephalopathy

Background: Anoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (AIE) affects the gray matter more than the white matter. Recent animal experiments suggest that the white matter is more sensitive to ischemia than previously thought. The authors describe the MRI findings in seven patients with AIE who demonstrate early preferential involvement of the white matter. Materials and methods: A retrospective case series study was performed, including seven patients with AIE who underwent MRI of the brain within 7 days of insult. Demographic information, type of insult, clinical examination findings, EEG findings, and clinical outcome were obtained. MRI studies were reviewed with specific attention to the cortex, deep gray matter, and the white matter structures. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated in regions of interest placed in the cerebellar hemispheres, putamen, thalamus, splenium of corpus callosum, centrum semiovale, and medial frontal cortex. Results: The causes of AIE were cardiac arrhythmias in two patients, myocardial infarction in one, drug overdose in two, carbon monoxide poisoning in one, and respiratory failure and sepsis in one. The median time to MRI was 2.5 days. Symmetric areas of restricted diffusion were found in the periventricular white matter tracts (7/7 patients), the corpus callosum (6/7 patients), internal capsule (5/7 patients), and the subcortical association fibers (3/7 patients). ADC maps confirmed the restricted diffusion. Gray matter involvement was seen in three patients, and was more prominent on conventional imaging sequences compared with diffusion-weighted imaging. A subtle decrease in mean ADC was seen in cortex. Conclusions: Prominent, symmetric restricted diffusion can occur early after AIE in white matter, whereas gray matter involvement may be less prominent. Further studies involving a larger sample and serial imaging are required to confirm these preliminary findings.
Tracking neutrophil cells by active contours with coherence and boundary improvement filter

The present paper develops a new approach capable of tracking moving neutrophils in a video sequence. Each phagocyte moves such that its boundary mass center from the previous frame maps into the cell in the present frame. The frames are noisy, the neutrophil changes shape, has interior with low coherence and his boundaries are not clear. To track the cell, an active contour model is combined with coherence and boundary improvement approach, which uses eigenvalues and applies arithmetic mean filter on low coherence regions. Starting from the neutrophil's boundary mass center projection, from the previous frame, the active contour enlarges toward the boundary of the cell in the present filtered frame. The boundary extracted form the filtered frame is mapped into its original. The paper ends with experimental results and comparison between the advantages and bottlenecks of the present study and works existing in the field.
Cloning and Structure Analysis of Histocompatibility Class I and Class II Genes

The major histocompatibility complex in vertebrates consists of a number of closely linked genetic loci that encode a variety of cell-surface glycoproteins and serum proteins known as histocompatibility antigens (Klein, 1975). Through these antigens, the cells of the immune system interact and thus regulate the antibody and cellular immune response to foreign antigens (Zinkernagel and Doherty, 1974; Klein, 1979). Biochemically, these antigens have been subdivided into three classes on the basis of structural and functional homology (Ploegh et al., 1981). Thus, the class I antigens (HLA-A, B, C; H2K, D, L) are cell-surface glycoproteins composed of two polypeptide subunits. The heavy chain carries the antigenic determinants and is in noncovalent association with β2-microglobulin. Similarly, the class II antigens are also composed of two polypeptide chains. Significant features of these antigens are that they are highly polymorphic within the population. At least 35 alleles are known at the HLA-B locus, 20 at the HLA-A locus, and fewer than 10 at the HLA-C locus. In the mouse, the extent of polymorphism at the class I loci is even higher; i.e., close to 100 alleles at both the H2-K and -D loci. In contrast, the polymorphism at the HLA-D locus is only beginning to be uncovered with recent definitions of multiple loci encoding these antigens (Tanigachi et al.,1980; Shaw et al., 1981; Shackelford et al., 1981).
SINGLE BOOK REVIEWS

The Tenants of East Harlem. Russell Leigh Sharman. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. 243 pp.
Copper Deficiency Myeloneuropathy with Hypozincemia Due to Zinc Excess, Gastrectomy, and Low Serum Ceruloplasmin (P03.191)

Objective: We describe low serum zinc level in copper deficiency myeloneuropathy (CuDM) associated with excess zinc ingestion and prior gastrectomy. Background The malabsorption of copper occurs after gastrectomy or bariatric surgeries and can cause CuDM. The antagonistic relationship between copper and zinc is the basis for treatment of states of copper excess (e.g. Wilson9s disease) with zinc supplementation. Zinc excess due to long term denture cream usage can be the cause of CuDM. Design/Methods: Case Report: An 83 year old man developed progressive triple flexor spasms, severe sensory loss, and absent/diminished reflexes with Babinski signs over 5 years following gastrectomy 38 years previously, using zinc-based denture cream (three tubes weekly) for 30 years, and having hypoceruloplasminemia. Serum copper was 0.12 µg/mL (RI 0.75-1.45mcg/mL), ceruloplasmin 4.0 mg/dL (RI 15-30mg/dL), and serum zinc 0.58 µg/mL (RI 0.66-1.0mcg/mL). Results: Our patient had three causes for CuDM—hypocupremia, excess intake of zinc, and hypoceruloplasminemia. Patients with CuDM due to excess zinc ingestion may have normal to elevated serum zinc levels (Nations 2008). Hypozincemia was noted by Kumar, et al (Kumar 2004) in a patient following gastrectomy and poor copper absorption. Gastrectomy will, in addition to decreasing serum copper levels, also decrease serum zinc. Our patient demonstrated low serum zinc levels in the face of excess zinc ingestion and was likely the result of his prior gastrectomy. Conclusions: Excess ingestion of zinc interferes with the absorption of copper and can result in CuDM. Our patient with CuDM, related to prior gastrectomy, excess zinc ingestion, and hypoceruloplasminemia, had a low serum zinc level. This likely reflected decreased zinc absorption due to his prior gastrectomy. Low serum zinc does not exclude CuDM. Disclosure: Dr. Josiah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Salomon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tacker has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gutmann has received research support from Novartis, Biogen Idec, Genzyme Corporation and Boehringer-Inglheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Xenotransplantation: A Historical Perspective.

Center Report 19(l):26-28. Evans, R. W., D. L. Manninen. L. P. Garrison, A. M. Maier. 1986. Donor Availability as the Primary Determinent of the Future of Heart Transplantation. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 255(14):1892-1898. Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects; Notices and Rules, 1991. Federal Register. Vol. 56, No. 117. Tuesday, June 18, 1991, pp. 28003-28032. Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act The, December 23, 1985 (Subtitle F of the Food Security Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-198, # 1751 -1759). Leventhal, J. 1994. The Use of Small and Large Animal Models in Transplantation Research. Paper delivered at Workshop on Transplantation Medicine and Surgery sponsored by The American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners (ASLAP), and The Association of Primate Veterinarians (APV), Pittsburgh, Penn., October 16. Loeb, J. M., W. R. Hendee, S. J. Smith, and M. R. Schwarz. 1989. Human vs. animal rights—in defense of animal research. J. Am. Med. Assoc. November 17 262(19). Makowka, L. 1994. History. Progress, and Future of Transplantation. Paper delivered at Workshop on Transplant Medicine and Surgery, sponsored by The American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners (ASLAP) and the Association of Primate Veterinarians (APV), Pittsburgh, Penn., October 16. Millard, C , N. E. Shumway. T. E. Starzl. and others. 1985. Xenografts: Review of the literature and current status. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 254:3353-3356. Best known among attempts at xenotransplantation was the transplant of a sheep heart into a human recipient by Demon Cooley in 1968. This controversial attempt is described in an article by D.Z. Cooley. G. L. Hallman, R. N. Bloodwell, and others. 1977. Human heart transplant: Experience with 12 cases. Amer. J. Cardiol. 22:804-810. Nelson, J. L. 1993. Moral sensibilities and moral standing: Caplan on xenograft donors. Bioethics 7(4):315-322. Neuhof, H. 1923. The Transplantation of Tissues. New York: Appleton and Company. Prentice, E. D., I. J. Fox, R. S. Dixon, S. Robert, D. L. Antonson, and T. A. Lawson. 1994. History, Donor Considerations and Ethics of Xenotransplantation and Xenoperfusion. Pp. 1-12 in Research Animal Anaesthesia, Analgesia, and Surgery, A. S. Smith, and M. M. Swindle, eds. Beltsville, Md.: Scientists Center for Animal Welfare. Science 267 (Jan. 6, 1995): 19. Starzl, T. E., T. L. Marchioro, G. N. Peters, and others. 1964. Renal heterotransplantation from baboon to man: Experience with six cases. Transplantation 2:752-776. Starzl, T. E., J. Fung, A. Tzakis, and others. 1993. Xenotransplantation 1:27-29. 1994 Annual Report of the U.S. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and Organ Procurement and Transplant Network.
Evaluation of the Effect of Darvisul upon Infection with SK Strain of Virus in Mice.

Darvisul, N-(2-thiazolyl) -phenol sulfona-mide, or phenosulfazole was reported by Sanders, Subba Row, and Alexander1 to be effective against as many as 100 LD50 of a mouse virus, SK, when administration was begun 24 hours after intraperitoneal infection.
Respecting Rights and Fulfilling Duties: Bonhoeffer's Formed Life in Bioethical Perspective

A search for what Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Ethics might have to say to contemporary bioethical reflection would logically lead to Bonhoeffer’s essay on “Natural Life,” which includes his longest explicit treatment of topics like sterilization, euthanasia, and abortion. However, approaching “Natural Life” with contemporary bioethical issues in the forefront of our minds would also likely produce a misreading of that essay and, indeed, of Bonhoeffer’s contribution to bioethical reflection in general. Many of us read Bonhoeffer in liberal democracies that frame bioethical issues in the language of autonomous individual’s rights. Therefore, when we encounter Bonhoeffer discussing bioethical issues in terms of rights, as he does in “Natural Life,” we are tempted to assume he is speaking our language. Especially when read in contemporary liberal democratic contexts, the Bonhoeffer of “Natural Life” can appear to be a bioethical theorist of rights. Properly understood, Bonhoeffer’s contribution to bioethical reflection in “Natural Life” comes not through his discussion of rights, but through the christologically defined anthropological concept of life that funds that discussion of rights. Natural life, says Bonhoeffer, is formed life, a life defined in terms of both form and content, understood as both means and end, and therefore lived according to both duties and rights. Because they are one aspect of this form-content structure, Bonhoeffer’s natural rights, in contrast to rights in a classical liberal context, entail duties.
The Simulation and Application of BHF Control in Sheet Metal Forming

Based on the analysis of the trends of BHF research at home and abroad,two main aspects was put forward in BHF research: the predication of BHF curve and the optimized control of BHF. For the first time, the fuzzy theory was applied to follow the wrinkle of the blank according to BHF curve.
Kinematic Joint Recognition in CAD Constraint Systems

We study the joint recognition problem, which asks for the identication and classication of kinematic joints from a geometric constraint system. By laying the foundation for a rigidity-theoretic study of exible body-and-cad frameworks, we obtain an O(n 3 ) algorithm for identifying prismatic and revolute joints relative to a specic body and an O(n 4 ) algorithm for nd
Colony Forming Unit Assays

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated for their potential to regenerate tissue, to modulate the immune system, and their wound healing properties in over 350 clinical trials worldwide. MSCs from various tissues such as adipose, bone, and others are currently being studied in clinical trials in indications for ischemic, inflammatory, autoimmune, and degenerative disorders. As a result, numerous isolation protocols have been published. This chapter provides a simple protocol whereby a total of 80-100 million human MSCs, with an average viability greater than 90 %, can be produced from a relatively small (1-3 mL) bone marrow aspirate in 14-20 days using double stack culture chambers. MSCs were originally referred to as fibroblastoid colony forming cells because one of their characteristic features is adherence to tissue culture plastic and generation of colonies when plated at low densities. The efficiency with which they form colonies still remains an important assay for the quality of cell preparations. To assess the quality of cell preparations, two different colony forming unit (CFU) assays are also provided.
Optical-Electronic Analysis of the Intrinsic Behaviors of Nanostructured Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Light trapping and antireflection via nanotexturing are prominent methods for improved efficiency in solar cells. We present a combined three-dimensional optical and electronic simulation to calculate the intrinsic limits on the efficiency in ultrathin nanotextured crystalline silicon solar cells. Our simulation incorporates the fundamental loss mechanisms including Auger recombination and surface recombination. The simulation shows that an optimized 3 μm thick structure with double-sided nanocone gratings yields an efficiency of 24.9% with a short-circuit current density of 36.6 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.79 V. We also introduce an analytic model that describes the electronic properties. This model significantly simplifies the optical-electronic analysis of nanostructured solar cells.
Pharmacists caring for transgender persons

Recent media coverage regarding Caitlyn Jenner’s gender transition and emerging popular television series and movies have made transgenderism a household discussion topic. The American Psychological Association uses the term transgender to describe anyone whose “gender identity, gender
Proposed clinical internal carotid artery classification system

Introduction: Numerical classification systems for the internal carotid artery (ICA) are available, but modifications have added confusion to the numerical systems. Furthermore, previous classifications may not be applicable uniformly to microsurgical and endoscopic procedures. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically useful classification system. Materials and Methods: We performed cadaver dissections of the ICA in 5 heads (10 sides) and evaluated 648 internal carotid arteries with computed tomography angiography. We identified specific anatomic landmarks to define the beginning and end of each ICA segment. Results: The ICA was classified into eight segments based on the cadaver and imaging findings: (1) Cervical segment; (2) cochlear segment (ascending segment of the ICA in the temporal bone) (relation of the start of this segment to the base of the styloid process: Above, 425 sides [80%]; below, 2 sides [0.4%]; at same level, 107 sides [20%];P Conclusions: The classification may be applied uniformly to all skull base surgical approaches including lateral microsurgical and ventral endoscopic approaches, obviating the need for 2 separate classification systems. The classification allows extrapolation of relevant clinical information because each named segment may indicate potential surgical risk to specific structures.
Why realists must reject normative quietism

The last two decades have seen a surge of support for normative quietism: most notably, from Dworkin (1996, 2011), Nagel (1996, 1997), Parfit (2011a, b) and Scanlon (1998, 2014). Detractors like Enoch (2011) and McPherson (2011) object that quietism is incompatible with realism about normativity. The resulting debate has stagnated somewhat. In this paper I explore and defend a more promising way of developing that objection: I’ll argue that if normative quietism is true, we can create reasons out of thin air, so normative realists must reject normative quietism.
Cultural Diversity: A Wake-Up Call for Parent Training – Republished Article

The United States is becoming increasingly culturally diverse. As a consequence, behavior therapists who utilize parent training as a therapeutic intervention for child behavior problems will likely encounter clients from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Unfortunately, the influence of cultural values on parenting behavior has been ignored in behavior therapy research. We examine the cultural context of parenting for four ethnic groups, consider the influence of cultural factors on parent training, and propose new research questions to be addressed by behavior therapists in the near future.
Suppression of islet homeostasis protein thwarts diabetes mellitus progression

During progression to type 1 diabetes, insulin-producing β-cells are lost through an autoimmune attack resulting in unrestrained glucagon expression and secretion, activation of glycogenolysis, and escalating hyperglycemia. We recently identified a protein, designated islet homeostasis protein (IHoP), which specifically co-localizes within glucagon-positive α-cells and is overexpressed in the islets of both post-onset non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and type 1 diabetes patients. Here we report that in the αTC1.9 mouse α-cell line, IHoP was released in response to high-glucose challenge and was found to regulate secretion of glucagon. We also show that in NOD mice with diabetes, major histocompatibility complex class II was upregulated in islets. In addition hyperglycemia was modulated in NOD mice via suppression of IHoP utilizing small interfering RNA (IHoP-siRNA) constructs/approaches. Suppression of IHoP in the pre-diabetes setting maintained normoglycemia, glyconeolysis, and fostered β-cell restoration in NOD mice 35 weeks post treatment. Furthermore, we performed adoptive transfer experiments using splenocytes from IHoP-siRNA-treated NOD/ShiLtJ mice, which thwarted the development of hyperglycemia and the extent of insulitis seen in recipient mice. Last, IHoP can be detected in the serum of human type 1 diabetes patients and could potentially serve as an early novel biomarker for type 1 diabetes in patients.
EUV mask roughness can recover litho-tool aberrations (Conference Presentation)

Speckle from an EUV mask adds to the line edge roughness of the final image in resist, so is typically minimized for better critical dimension control. However, the roughness of the mask can also be utilized constructively, for probing the pupil function of an aerial imaging system or a lithography scanner. The spectrum of the speckle image generated from an EUV mask blank encodes the system aberrations under a weak scattering approximation. We show that the properties of EUV masks are suitable for achieving a good balance between weak scattering and speckle contrast. Using this concept, we demonstrate in-situ experimental recovery of field-of-view dependent aberrations from blank areas of an EUV mask. EUV masks are naturally rough at the scales seen by 13.5 nm light, creating weak diffused light that fills the entire pupil of the imaging system. Additionally, since most materials are only weakly scattering at soft X-ray wavelengths including EUV, the scattered light acts as a perturbation on the background illumination, recombining with it interferometrically to encode the pupil phase in the final speckle. We present an algorithm based on the phase contrast transfer function to use illumination angle diversity for extracting the pupil phase from the measured speckle spectrum at the camera plane. However, since the contrast transfer function is a linearization of the image intensity in terms of the object phase, it relies on the mask being a weak phase object. The exact properties of the EUV mask roughness needed for the linearization to apply are described. Measurements on the SHARP EUV microscope at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab on mask blanks shows them to be weakly scattering, while still providing sufficient speckle contrast for aberration estimation. Additionally, the method can be used to probe aberrations across the field-of-view, using the speckle in any blank area of the mask for single-shot in-situ recovery of imaging system aberrations. While the method is shown to work on speckle from an aerial imaging tool, an extension to resist images of speckle from lithography scanner tools is being evaluated. This uses surface profile measurements of the speckle captured as the latent image on the exposed resist (before develop) to quantify aberrations in the lithography tool, under actual operating conditions. The recovered aberrations allow for high resolution reconstruction of the mask image in aerial imaging tools, or for compensating scanner aberrations using source-mask or pupil optimization techniques.
Aspects of courtship risks and mating success in the dimorphic jumping spider, Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae)

The jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer, 1837) is unusual because there are two male types, tufted (T) and gray (G). We investigated the risks of predation associated with the different courtship strategies by testing the response of the predatory jumping spider Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845) to T and G courtship display, to ascertain if the two morphs were equally noticeable. We then tested the courting responses of T and G in the presence of a conspecific mate and a potential predator (P. audax). For the first experiment, we used computer-animation techniques to present two different views of courting males: face-on view as a female might see a courting male; and 45°-above view as may be seen from the perspective of a predator hunting in the vegetation. Visual orientation distance to the courting male images was used as an estimate of predation risk. Results demonstrated that risk of visual detection was not equal for the males; P. audax oriented to G at significantly greater distances than to T. From the 45°-above view, the apparent size of courting G males measured approximately three times greater than that of T males, suggesting that from this point of view, T may be less conspicuous to predators. In our second experiment, T and G responded differently when courting a conspecific female if a live predator had recently been or remained in view of the male. Fewer G males courted than T males and the courtship latency was significantly longer for G than for T. The visibility of T and G males to both females and potential predators may help to understand how these different, but equally successful, courtship strategies are maintained.
Calcium Signaling: Calmodulin-Dependent Phosphatase

The calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin (also called ‘protein phosphatase-2B’), is a eukaryotic protein phosphatase whose activity is dependent on Ca 2+ - and calmodulin (CaM). The identification of calcineurin as the target of the immunosuppressive drugs, cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), revealed the key role of calcineurin in the transduction pathway from the plasma membrane to the nucleus leading to T-cell activation. Since then, the inhibition of calcineurin by FK506 and CsA complexed with their respective binding proteins, FKBP12 and cyclophillin A (CpA), together with the overexpression of a truncated derivative of calcineurin, that is not dependent on Ca 2+ and CaM for activity, and altered expression of endogenous regulators of calcineurin (RCANs) have been widely used to probe the involvement of calcineurin in the regulation of cellular processes as diverse as gene expression, ion homeostasis, muscle differentiation, embryogenesis, secretion, and neurological functions. Alteration of calcineurin activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy, congenital heart diseases, and immunological and neurological disorders.
Augmented reality, art, and public space

An overview of how AR art has evolved and, in particular, how Heavy Projects' work has transitioned from guerrilla-style AR street art interventions to large scale, interactive, public space murals working with such clients as the University of Geneva, Qualcomm, SXSW, Google I/O, and San Francisco Design Week. This talk provides workflow examples of "Digital Neuron" AR mural [Geneva, 2016], "Parabola" AR mural [San Francisco, 2017], and "Evolution of an Idea," the largest AR mural in the world [185'x25', San Diego, 2015]. In illuminating these projects, this talk outlines best practices for other digital artists to create outdoor AR artworks. In short, this talk will provide general insight into the progression of AR art, discuss prominent digital artists currently working in this space, and deliver a practical workflow of how to create works in the new medium of interactive AR art.
Joint Contributions of Rare Copy Number Variants and Common SNPs to Risk for Schizophrenia.

Objective:Both rare copy number variants (CNVs) and common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to liability to schizophrenia, but their etiological relationship has not been fully elu...
A Study of Cross-Domain Process Adaptation Applied to Reusable Launch Vehicle Re-Qualification

The past decade has shown dramatic advancements in the development, flight, and recovery of reusable rocket boosters for space launch. Known as Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs), these rockets land autonomously after separating from the payload and, after inspection, can be re-used for subsequent launches. The United States Air Force, holding a significant stake in the space domain, has taken interest in RLVs and their advantages over expendable rockets, including the ability to increase launch frequency while reducing cost. However, in order for the Air Force to capitalize on these advances, several challenges must be overcome. This paper explores similarities in the evolution of Air Force airworthiness practices and space launch mission assurance, which provide for the ability to Ieverage the Air Force's existing airworthiness assessment process and provide recommendations toward the development of a risk-mitigated, threshold-driven approach for assessing RLV re-qualification.
Academic Socialization in the Homes of Black and Latino Preschool Children: Research Findings and Future Directions

This chapter provides an overview of what is known about how Black and Latino families prepare their young children for school and what remains to be understood. It provides a synthesis of research presented in this volume, with particular attention to the theoretical and methodological dimensions of the research and the family strengths emphasized across chapters. Directions for future research compatible with a strengths perspective are discussed. These include additional descriptive research with families of color from an intersectional perspective, intervention research based on family strengths and cultural values, and development of culturally appropriate measurement tools. Implications for practice are also discussed, with a focus on connections between families and schools.
Kant, Marx, and the Money of Metaphysics

This paper discusses the relationship between Kantian idealism and Marxian materialism. Part I examines the reasons this relationship is misconstrued to be predominantly a matter of practical philosophy and turns to the neglected works of Alfred Sohn-Rethel and Richard Seaford to outline the importance of money for understanding Kant’s theoretical work. Part II considers an objection that Kant confuses the commodity form for the transcendental object of experience. I am ultimately concerned with defusing the accusation that the identity of the commodity with a Kantian thing renders Kantian idealism “bourgeois” in the pejorative sense. Money is implicated, historically and conceptually, in the very intelligibility of metaphysics. In that case, Kantian idealism and Marxian materialism are two sides of the same coin.
Curing kinetics of bio-based epoxy resin-toughened DGEBA epoxy resin blend

In the present study, TEIA bioresin was blended with the diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin in different ratios (i.e. 10, 20, 30, 40 mass%), cured with methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride curing agent in the presence of 2-methylimidazole catalyst. The optimized composition of DGEBA and TEIA bioresin blends system was employed as an adhesive strength. The adhesive strength of the TEIA-modified DGEBA epoxy resin blend system was increased from 4.14 to 6.31 MPa on an aluminium substrate compared to the DGEBA epoxy resin. The curing kinetics of non-isothermal, DGEBA epoxy resin and its bio-based blend systems were investigated employing differential scanning calorimetry. An increase in the peak temperature and reduction in a heat of curing as well as activation energy in DGEBA epoxy resin were observed with the addition of TEIA bioresin content. The activation energy (Ea) of the DGEBA resin and their bio-based blend system were obtained from Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods.
SLIDING HIATAL HERNIA MASQUERADING AS A LEFT ATRIAL MYXOMA: ADVANTAGES OF MULTI-MODALITY IMAGING

A patient referred from an outside hospital for cardiothoracic surgery transferred to the general cardiology floor. An 83-year-old female presented with syncope after multiple days of diarrhea. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed concern for a left atrial mass that was also visualized on
Estimation, tracking and geolocation of maritime burst signals from a single receiver

We present methods for accurately estimating and tracking instantaneous frequency and relative time delay of narrowband signal components. These methods are applied to the problem of estimating the location of an emitter from the signal(s) received by one or more receivers. Both instantaneous frequency estimation and time delay estimation are based on previously reported cross-spectral methods that have been applied successfully to a variety of signal processing problems. Accurate geolocation is accomplished by matching the Doppler characteristics of the received signal to Doppler characteristics estimated from the known emitter motion and possible emitter locations.