cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inside the Opponent’s Head Perceived Losses in Group Position Predict Accuracy in Metaperceptions Between Groups

Members of groups in conflict typically perceive the same reality in opposing ways. We investigated individuals' ability to accurately perceive out-group members' views of the conflict. Drawing on research on power and metaperceptions, we hypothesized that perceiving losses to in-group position would increase accuracy in predicting out-group members' views. Study 1 was conducted immediately following the Gaza flotilla incident. Israelis, who perceived the event as causing political losses to their group, were more accurate in predicting out-group members' views of the incident than were Palestinians, who perceived the event as causing political gains for their group. Moreover, Israelis' accuracy increased with their perception of political losses for Israel, whereas Palestinians' accuracy decreased with their perception of political gains for Palestinians. These effects were particularly pronounced among those participants who were highly identified with their group. Study 2 replicated the relationship between perceived losses and accuracy, and demonstrated that it could not be accounted for by factors such as education, political orientation, or empathy.
Structural basis of SETD6-mediated regulation of the NF-kB network via methyl-lysine signaling

SET domain containing 6 (SETD6) monomethylates the RelA subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The ankyrin repeats of G9a-like protein (GLP) recognizes RelA monomethylated at Lys310. Adjacent to Lys310 is Ser311, a known phosphorylation site of RelA. Ser311 phosphorylation inhibits Lys310 methylation by SETD6 as well as binding of Lys310me1 by GLP. The structure of SETD6 in complex with RelA peptide containing the methylation site, in the presence of S-adenosyl-l-methionine, reveals a V-like protein structure and suggests a model for NF-κB binding to SETD6. In addition, structural modeling of the GLP ankyrin repeats bound to Lys310me1 peptide provides insight into the molecular basis for inhibition of Lys310me1 binding by Ser311 phosphorylation. Together, these findings provide a structural explanation for a key cellular signaling pathway centered on RelA Lys310 methylation, which is generated by SETD6 and recognized by GLP, and incorporate a methylation–phosphorylation switch of adjacent lysine and serine residues. Finally, SETD6 is structurally similar to the Rubisco large subunit methyltransferase. Given the restriction of Rubisco to plant species, this particular appearance of the protein lysine methyltransferase has been evolutionarily well conserved.
Moving forward in support of the IOM recommendations.

It has been a year since the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its landmark report on pain: Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research . As the Academy has pointed out, many of the recommendations outlined in the report overlap much of the vision and mission of the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM). The IOM recognized education as “a central part of the necessary cultural transformation of the approach to pain.” Educating the Pain Medicine physician continues to be one of AAPM's core purposes, and I am pleased to report on the recommendations the Executive Committee …
Precoded OFDM systems robust to spectral null channels and vector OFDM systems with reduced cyclic prefix length

The performance of OFDM systems may be degraded when ISI channels have spectral nulls. Also, when ISI channels have many taps, the data rate overhead due to the insertion of the cyclic prefix is high. In this paper, we propose a precoded OFDM system that may improve the performance of the OFDM systems for spectral null channels. We also propose size K/spl times/1 vector OFDM systems that reduce the cyclic prefix length by K times compared to the conventional OFDM systems. The precoding scheme is simply to insert one or more zeros between each two sets of K consecutive information symbols, although it can be generalized to a general form. This precoding scheme may be able to remove the spectral nulls of an ISI channel without knowing the ISI channel. When no zero is inserted between each two sets of K consecutive information symbols and only each K consecutive symbols are blocked together, we obtain vector OFDM systems.
A novel, highly SEU tolerant digital circuit design approach

In this paper, we present a new radiation tolerant CMOS standard cell library, and demonstrate its effectiveness in implementing radiation hardened digital circuits. We exploit the fact that if a gate is implemented using only PMOS (NMOS) transistors then a radiation particle strike can result only in logic a 0 to 1 (1 to 0) flip. Based on this observation, we derive our radiation hardened gates from regular static CMOS gates. In particular, we separate the PMOS and NMOS devices, and split the gate output into two signals. One of these outputs of our radiation tolerant gate is generated using PMOS transistors, and it drives other PMOS transistors (only) in its fanout. Similarly, the other output (generated from NMOS transistors) drives only other NMOS transistors in its fanout. Now, if a radiation particle strikes one of the outputs of the radiation tolerant gate, then the gates in the fanout enter a high-impedance state, and hence preserve their output values. Our radiation hardened gates exhibit an extremely high degree of SEU tolerance, which is validated at the circuit level. Using these gates, we also implement circuit level hardening based on logical masking, to selectively harden those gates in a circuit which contribute most to the soft error failure of the circuit. The gates with a low probability of logical masking are replaced by SEU tolerant gates from our new library, such that the digital design achieves a 90% soft error rate reduction. Experimental results demonstrate that this reduction is achieved with a modest layout area and delay penalty of 62% and 29% respectively, for area mapped designs. In contrast with existing approaches, our approach results in SEU immunity for extremely large critical charge values (>650fC).
The Codes of Migration : Contours of the Global Software Labor Market

This paper presents a case study of the software industry in India and the US as a step toward an ethnography of transnational migration. By focusing on the subject positions and forms of work created by the new international division of labor, contemporary theories of global culture and difference are brought into question through a political economy of globalization. The analysis suggests that the phenomena of postnational deterritorialization may be less important than the emerging forms of labor polarization within and across nation-states.
Acyltransferases in protease's clothing.

One of the most intriguing questions in plant secondary metabolism concerns the evolution of the genes required for the rapid diversification of plant chemistry. In particular, the mechanisms are beginning to be understood by which evolution recruits primary and intermediary metabolism genes to
The Meaning of Heterogeneity: An Introduction

are situated in the web of interlocking power relations (author's emphasis). Calasanti demonstrates how comparative research, a technique often used to address "diversity," falls short of providing a complete picture, because the concepts used for such studies are often created using the dominant group's experience, and then comparing the "other" group's experience to that of the dominant group. Instead, she argues, concepts and theories should be developed, by keeping in mind from the beginning a range of socially situated human experiences, rather than just the "normal" or dominant group's experience. Calasanti concludes with a discussion of diversity at the international level.
Breath-by-breath analysis of cardiorespiratory interaction for quantifying developmental maturity in premature infants

In healthy neonates, connections between the heart and lungs through brain stem chemosensory pathways and the autonomic nervous system result in cardiorespiratory synchronization. This interdepende...
The dual gate emitter switched thyristor (DG-EST)

A new device structure, called the dual gate emitter switched thyristor (DG-EST), is introduced for simultaneously obtaining on-state voltage drops lower than that of the conventional emitter switched thyristor (C-EST) and the high-voltage current saturation features of the Dual Channel EST (DC-EST). The DG-EST contains a DC-EST section and a C-EST section with a common thyristor section that can be controlled using two independent gate electrodes. When a positive bias is applied to both the gates, the device operates in a thyristor mode with the thyristor current constrained to flow through two lateral MOSFETs which minimizes the on-state voltage drop. When a "zero" bias is applied to the gate of the conventional EST, the device exhibits high-voltage current saturation, with the bias on the gate of the DC-EST controlling the saturated current. In this paper, the results of measurements performed on devices fabricated with a six-mask IGBT-like process are reported.
Direct class I HLA antigen discovery to distinguish virus-infected and cancerous cells

Class I human leukocyte antigen molecules are nature's proteome-scanning chips, presenting thousands of endogenously loaded peptides on the surface of virtually every cell in the body. Cytotoxic T cells survey the class I human leukocyte antigen peptide cargo presented, recognize peptides unique to unhealthy cells and destroy diseased cells. A precise understanding of how class I molecules distinguish diseased cells is positioned to drive immune-based diagnostics, therapies and vaccines. When identifying epitopes unique to unhealthy cells, the most experimentally direct approach is to examine the class I-presented peptides of infected/cancerous cells. Here we discuss the strategies adapted for protein production, protein/peptide purification, peptide separation and for maintaining experimental reproducibility during the direct characterization of class I human leukocyte antigen peptides.
Operation chaining asynchronous pipelined circuits

We define operation chaining (op-chaining) as an optimization problem to determine the optimal pipeline depth for balancing performance against energy demands in pipelined asynchronous designs. Since there are no clock period requirements, asynchronous pipeline stages can have non-uniform latencies. We exploit this fact to coalesce several stages together thereby saving power and area due to the elimination of control-path resources from the pipeline. The trade-off is potentially reduced pipeline parallelism. In this paper, we formally define this optimization as a graph covering problem, which finds sub-graphs that will be synthesized as an op-chained pipeline stage. We then define the solution space for provably correct solutions and present an algorithm to efficiently search this space. The search technique partitions the graph based on post-dominator relationships to find sub-graphs that are potential op-chain candidates. We use knowledge of the Global Critical Path (GCP) [13] to evaluate the performance impact of accepting a candidate sub-graph and formulate a heuristic cost function to model this trade-off. The algorithm has a quadratic-time complexity in the size of the dataflow graph. We have implemented this algorithm within an automated asynchronous synthesis toolchain [12]. Experimental evidence from applying the algorithm on several media processing kernels reveals that the average energy-delay and energy-delay-area products improve by about 1.4x and 1.8x respectively, with a maximum improvement of 5x and 18x.
Emotional Liberty: Politics and History in the Anthropology of Emotions

To speak of the relations among political power, history, and the anthropology of emotion is to speak of a gap that theory and methodology have been unable to bridge. Anthropologists working on emotions have continued to depend heavily on the use of the ethnographic present and on sweeping generalizations about their informants' communities which do not come to grips with variation, resistance, or change. This is a surprising anomaly in a discipline that has, by and large, moved beyond such methodological crutches and in a subfield that has, in other respects, been a pacesetter in bringing new perspectives to bear on the problem of human difference. This anomaly derives from a theoretical insufficiency of broad significance. If the old idea of the Western subject has been dismantled and discarded, its replacements-notions of discourse, discipline, practice, agency-represent so many fragments from which it is difficult to recover any defense of political liberty. Yet people continue to cling to the idea of liberty-and to its corollary, the belief that dissidence and resistance can produce beneficial change-often without being able to say why. In what follows, I offer a concept of "emotional liberty" that does not depend on the unity or rationality of the "subject." This concept, I try to show, makes possible an approach to emotions that is at once ethnographic, historical, and politically engaged.
Down-Regulation of Galectin-3 Suppresses Tumorigenicity of Human Breast Carcinoma Cells

Galectin-3 is an endogenous β-galactoside-binding protein with specificity for type I and II ABH blood group epitopes and poly-N-acetyllactosamine glycan-containing cell surface glycoproteins and is the major nonintegrin cellular laminin-binding protein. Galectin-3 is expressed at an elevated level in a wide range of neoplasms, and expression was shown to be associated in some tumor cell systems with metastases. Here we determined the functional consequence of blocking galectin-3 expression in highly malignant human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-435 cells. Inhibition of galectin-3 expression led to reversion of the transformed phenotype as determined by altered morphology, loss of serum-independent growth, acquisition of growth inhibition properties by cell contact, and abrogation of anchorage-independent growth. The blockage of galectin-3 expression led to a significant suppression of tumor growth in nude mice. These results provide direct evidence that galectin-3 expression is necessary for the maintenance of the transformed and tumorigenic phenotype of MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells.
Morphological properties of collagen fibers in porcine lamina propria.

Summary Objectives Collagen influences the biomechanical properties of vocal folds. Altered collagen morphology has been implicated in dysphonia associated with aging and scarring. Documenting the morphological properties of native collagen in healthy vocal folds is essential to understand the structural and functional alterations to collagen with aging and disease. Our primary objective was to quantify the morphological properties of collagen in the vocal fold lamina propria. Our secondary exploratory objective was to investigate the effects of pepsin exposure on the morphological properties of collagen in the lamina propria. Study Design Experimental, in vitro study with porcine model. Methods Lamina propria was dissected from 26 vocal folds and imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Morphological data on d-periodicity, diameter, and roughness of collagen fibers were obtained. To investigate the effects of pepsin exposure on collagen morphology, vocal fold surface was exposed to pepsin or sham challenge before lamina propria dissection and AFM imaging. Results The d-periodicity, diameter, and roughness values for native vocal fold collagen are consistent with literature reports of collagen fibers in other body tissues. Pepsin exposure on vocal fold surface did not appear to change the morphological properties of collagen fibers in the lamina propria. Conclusions Quantitative data on collagen morphology were obtained at nanoscale resolution. Documenting collagen morphology in healthy vocal folds is critical for understanding the physiological changes to collagen with aging and scarring and for designing biomaterials that match the native topography of lamina propria.
Generalizing Nigrescence Profiles Cluster Analyses of Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS) Scores in Three Independent Samples

The two studies in this article examine the interpretability and generalizability of nigrescence profiles based on Cross Racial Identity Scale scores across different educational contexts. Study 1 participants (N = 333) came from a predominantly White institution (PWI) and were grouped into six clusters labeled Afrocentric, multiculturalist, assimilated, immersion, low race salience, and miseducated variant. The two samples in Study 2 consisted of students from PWIs (N = 314) and from historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs;N = 306), respectively. Both PWI and HBCU participants were grouped into five clusters. Four of the six original clusters (assimilated, immersion, low race salience, and miseducated variant) replicated in both samples, and one (multiculturalists) replicated only in the PWI sample. The results indicate that there are generalizable racial identity profiles in the Black population. The authors discuss the implications of the findings.
Ultra-sensitive acoustic fiber sensors utilizing nano-membranes

A new, highly sensitive, compact fiber acoustic sensor is reported that implements a micro-fabricated silicon membrane with a π/2 phase step combined to a single-mode fiber to form a simple interferometric sensor head. Compared to high-sensitivity membrane-based fiber Fabry-Perot (FP) sensors, it has a similar pressure resolution, it operates over a much broad range of wavelengths (~±150 nm vs. ~±1 nm), and fabrication is simpler. A prototype is reported with an average minimum detectable pressure (MDP) as low as 5.4 μPa/√Hz (1-30 kHz), in agreement with a model. A state-of-the-art FP fiber sensor with an average MDP about twice as low is described for comparison.
An Intersubjective View of Empathy and Hypnotic Trance: Response to Wickramasekera II

In response to Wickramasekera II’s description of his empathic involvement theory of hypnosis in “Mysteries of hypnosis and the self are revealed by the psychology and neuroscience of empathy” (Wickramasekera II, 2015), Henning offers further reflections on what empathy might be and what it allows therapists to do, particularly in conditions of hypnotic trance. She defines her intersubjective view of hypnotic trance as an experience in which client and therapist mutually engage in a shared state of consciousness, and a mutual bidirectional or multidirectional exchange of verbal and nonverbal, as well as conscious and unconscious, material occurs, and which may include shared taking on of roles and expectations in each party, as suggested by the other, particularly when both client and therapist are highly hypnotizable. Research on the concept of “mutual hypnosis,” or co-trance, is reviewed, and barriers to scholarly discussions about intersubjectivity in therapy relationships are described. Concepts from ...
Lesbian and gay parents and their children: a social science perspective.

At the current moment in history, the extent to which relationships among lesbian and gay parents and their children are recognized in law or respected in practice is in tremendous flux. For many years, the family relationships of lesbian and gay parents and their children were not legally recognized in most parts of the United States, or in most countries of the world. Today, these relationships are recognized in some jurisdictions, and the matter is under active debate in others. With regard to the social and legal status of lesbian and gay relationships, we are living in a time of tremendous and rapid change. In view of the rapidly shifting legal and policy environments, my aims in this chapter are threefold. First, I hope to summarize the current status of legal and policy issues as well as conceptual and theoretical issues relevant to lesbian and gay parents and their children in the United States today. Second, I hope to provide an overview of research evidence about these families, with special emphasis on the development of children living within them. This overview will emphasize work I have undertaken in this area with colleagues and students over the last 15 years, but will also seek to place this work in the context of related research. Finally, I hope to summarize the implications of research findings for both theoretical concerns relevant to our conceptualizations of human socialization, and for practical concerns relevant to law and family policy. Current Contexts of Sexual Minority Family Lives Lesbian and gay parents and their children in the United States today are the subjects of considerable controversy. Thus, an overview of the legal and policy contexts in which these families live in the United States today will be a useful tool for understanding their situations. In this section, we consider very briefly the legal status of lesbian and gay parents and their children, with regard to legal recognition of couple relationships, child custody and visitation, adoption and foster care.
Simple method to suppress the fundamental in a harmonic free electron laser

Preliminary studies of harmonic lasing have shown significant promise as a method to produce radiation at higher photon energies for a given electron energy and for a given undulator. The basic idea is to suppress radiation at the fundamental resonant wavelength, and allow radiation at a specific harmonic to grow exponentially without being driven by nonlinear processes at the fundamental. This has several potential benefits: higher photon energies for the same undulator field, plus significantly more power and smaller bandwidth compared to extracting nonlinear radiation at the harmonic after the fundamental has reached saturation. In this paper, we use beam parameters from the current design of LCLS-II to take a critical look at the challenge of suppressing radiation at the fundamental wavelength and to evaluate how much of an improvement in terms of photon energy reach and brightness can be achieved through harmonic lasing. For undulators with adjustable magnetic fields, a scheme is presented which can delay the onset of saturation at the fundamental wavelength by a factor of 2. Performance characteristics and especially spectral brightness are compared to self-seeded beam lines as an alternative method to reduce bandwidth, as well as with more conventional SASE beam lines.
Electron Paramagnetic Dection of the Liquid-Like Motion of Divalent Ions in Solid β-Sodium Gallate

We have, for the gallium analog of β-alumina, β-sodium gallate, chosen diffusion conditions that favor the incorporation of paramagnetic impurities into the sodium bearing mirror planes. The EPR spectra of Cu2+, Mn2+ and Eu2+ that have been so incorporated have been studied. For all three impurities, the EPR spectra at or near room temperature show pronounced relaxation effects caused by the motion of the ions. From the relaxation effects the correlation time of the motion is found to be of the order of 10-11 sec or less. Correlation times of this magnitude are characteristic of ionic motion in liquids. In fact, the EPR spectra of these ions in solid β-sodium gallate are identical to those seen in liquid solutions containing these ions. In the case of Cu2+ we see an increase in the correlation time if motion impeding impurities are added to the material. The motional correlation times we find for the unimpeded motion agree with the theoretical prediction of Rice and Roth.
A practical Bayesian stepped wedge design for community-based cluster-randomized clinical trials: The British Columbia Telehealth Trial.

Background:Many clinical trial designs are impractical for community-based clinical intervention trials. Stepped wedge trial designs provide practical advantages, but few descriptions exist of their clinical implementational features, statistical design efficiencies, and limitations.Objectives:Enhance efficiency of stepped wedge trial designs by evaluating the impact of design characteristics on statistical power for the British Columbia Telehealth Trial.Methods:The British Columbia Telehealth Trial is a community-based, cluster-randomized, controlled clinical trial in rural and urban British Columbia. To determine the effect of an Internet-based telehealth intervention on healthcare utilization, 1000 subjects with an existing diagnosis of congestive heart failure or type 2 diabetes will be enrolled from 50 clinical practices. Hospital utilization is measured using a composite of disease-specific hospital admissions and emergency visits. The intervention comprises online telehealth data collection and cou...
AI-26 Intestinal IGA as pathfinders to identify microbiome pathobiont candidates in SLE

Background SLE is an archetypical systemic autoimmune disease, which has been attributed to interactions between genetic and environmental factors that are currently not well understood. Yet recent reports have begun to elucidate how intestinal bacteria influence the development of physiologic B-cell/T-cell responses, and can affect the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Our studies are designed to shed light on the potential roles of the gut microbiome in SLE pathogenesis. Methods We have assembled and characterised a cohort of 60 female SLE patients and 20 healthy controls. DNA from the unfractionated bacteria in faecal samples, and from the sorted endogenous IgA-coated and non-coated bacterial fractions, was then extracted. 16 S bacterial rRNA genes were then barcoded and amplified, and over 20,000 reads were determined per sample using illumina NGS technology. Faecal and serum total Ig and autoantibodies were measured by ELISA. Results Our analysis showed less microbiome diversity in SLE than healthy controls ( p = 0.002). This dysbiosis was treatment independent, with more severe intestinal dysbiosis and decreased bacterial diversity in patients with high disease activity, based on SLEDAI. In addition, SLE patients had increased representation of certain bacterial families, genus’s and species, based on 16 S rRNA assignments of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Patients with active disease displayed contractions of bacterial taxa with reported protective properties and reciprocal expansions of taxa with putative pathobiont properties. We also assessed IgA, which is the most prevalent antibody isotype made by the human body, and found evidence of exuberant levels in both intestinal and blood samples of SLE patients. While only a minority of bacterial taxa are specifically coated by endogenous intestinal IgA, IgA-coated bacteria in SLE patients had differential representation with recurrent taxa-specific expansion in SLE patients. Strikingly, Prevotella copri , which has recently been linked to new-onset RA, was significantly over-represented among the IgA-coated taxa only in SLE patients with high disease activity, and was not detected in healthy controls. Conclusion Our studies provide the first evidence that SLE is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis with expansions of specific bacterial taxa that may contribute to immune dysregulation. This imbalance was more significant in patients with high disease activity Characterisation of in vivo IgA-coated bacteria demonstrated that certain microbes taxa/species are preferentially recognised by the adaptive immune system of SLE patients, and these differ significantly from healthy adults. We are now studying these candidate pathobionts in longitudinal studies to address whether the microbiome predicts and/or tracks flares. Acknowledgements Supported in part by the Lupus Research Institute and the Judith and Stewart Colton Foundation
Model-based testing of real-time adaptive motion planning (RAMP)

It is a practically challenging problem to test the functionality of autonomous systems and assess their performance in environments with unknowns and unpredictability. Existing testing techniques are designed heavily based on testers experience and hardly take into account all scenarios. This paper applies a model-based testing technique to evaluate the functionality and performance of a Real-time Adaptive Motion Planning (RAMP) system. First, RAMP components and their interactions are tested. Next, the whole RAMP system is tested against mobile obstacles of unpredictable motion. The model-based testing technique models the behaviors of RAMP components and the mobile obstacles with a Communicating Extended Finite State Machine (CEFSM). The behavior models are then leveraged to generate Abstract Behavioral Test Cases (ABTCs). These ABTCs are subsequently transformed by test data into executable test cases. The generated executable test cases are further applied to a RAMP implementation based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) and executed with the software testing tool, Google Test. The results demonstrate an effective use-case of applying a systematic software testing technique to the evaluation of real-time robotic systems.
Cognitive flexibility: A trait of bipolar disorder that worsens with length of illness.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Deficits in cognitive flexibility, a difficulty altering thoughts and behavioral responses in a changing environment, are found in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and are associated with poor social and work functioning. However, the current literature is inconsistent in clarifying the long-term nature of these deficits for those with BD. We administered a common task of cognitive flexibility, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) and accounted for demographics, clinical, and cognitive features of BD, to determine the state versus trait characteristics of these deficits. Method: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was administered to 154 adults with BD and 95 healthy controls twice, one year apart. Results: The main findings show that cognitive inflexibility is a trait feature of BD, independent of clinical features, that may modestly worsen over time due to the presence of certain demographic, cognitive, and functional features of the disorder. In addition, improvements i...
Effect of particle size of rice bran on gamma-oryzanol content and compounds

Abstract The reduction of particle size can facilitate the extraction of phytochemical compounds. In this study was evaluated the effect of rice bran particles size in the yield and characteristics of γ-oryzanol compound. The γ-oryzanol extraction was realized with hexane and isopropanol solvents and quantification by spectrophotometric method. The γ-oryzanol extracts were characterized in relation of theirs majority components in HPLC-UV and the antioxidant capacity verified by the free radical DPPH ● consumption. The γ-oryzanol yield varied of 0.10–1.54 mg/g of bran, and the highest yield was obtained in particles smaller than 0.39 mm. The γ-oryzanol majority components presence (cycloartenyl ferulate, 2,4-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate e β-sitosteryl ferulate) in the extracts was confirmed and verified differences in the profile of this components in function of different particles sizes. The γ-oryzanol extract obtained from particle sizes between 0.73 and 1.67 mm demonstrated most specific inhibition of DPPH radical (6.7%) and IC 50 6.63 μg/mL. When the particle size is reduced, the access surface to the extraction solvent is increased resulting in more γ-oryzanol extraction, however the extract from larger particles was more efficient as antioxidant.
Multinuclear NMR and MRI Reveal an Early Metabolic Response to mTOR Inhibition in Sarcoma

Biomarkers predicting rapalog responses in sarcomas where PI3K and mTOR are often hyperactivated could improve the suitable recruitment of responsive patients to clinical trials. PI3K/mTOR pathway activation drives energy production by regulating anaerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, suggesting a route toward a monitoring strategy. In this study, we took a multimodality approach to evaluate the phenotypic effects and metabolic changes that occur with inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Its central role in regulating glycolysis in human sarcomas was evaluated by short- and long-term rapamycin treatment in sarcoma cell lines. We observed an overall decrease in lactate production in vitro, followed by cell growth inhibition. In vivo, we observed a similar quantitative reduction in lactate production as monitored by hyperpolarized MRI, also followed by tumor size changes. This noninvasive imaging method could distinguish reduced cell proliferation from induction of cell death. Our results illustrate the use of hyperpolarized MRI as a sensitive technique to monitor drug-induced perturbation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in sarcomas. Cancer Res; 77(11); 3113-20. ©2017 AACR.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Is Associated With Improved Survival in Locally Invasive Node Negative Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background The objectives of this study are to explore factors that are associated with use of adjuvant chemotherapy and to evaluate its impact on overall survival in node-negative patients who undergo lung and chest wall resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Patients who underwent concomitant lung and chest wall resection for NSCLC were abstracted from the National Cancer Database. Clinical, pathologic, treatment, and follow-up data were obtained. Patients with pathologic nodal metastases or patients who received any radiation treatment were excluded, and the cohort was dichotomized based on administration of adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. Results Between 1998 and 2010, 824 patients met the inclusion criteria. This cohort exclusively consisted of pT3 N0 patients who did not receive any induction treatment or adjuvant radiation treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 255 patients (31%). Patients in the chemotherapy group were younger and had shorter inpatient length of stay. Both groups had similar comorbidities, tumor size, unplanned readmission rate, and incomplete resection rate. In multivariable analysis, younger age and shorter length of stay were associated with a greater likelihood of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9), whereas increasing age, white race, length of inpatient stay, tumor size, and residual tumor were independently associated with greater risk of death. Conclusions Patients who undergo lobectomy with chest wall resection for locally advanced NSCLC should be strongly considered for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy even in the absence of nodal disease. Actual selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy is affected by perioperative factors.
Comparison of digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis in the detection of architectural distortion.

To compare interobserver variability (IOV), reader confidence, and sensitivity/specificity in detecting architectural distortion (AD) on digital mammography (DM) versus digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). This IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant reader study used a counterbalanced experimental design. We searched radiology reports for AD on screening mammograms from 5 March 2012–27 November 2013. Cases were consensus-reviewed. Controls were selected from demographically matched non-AD examinations. Two radiologists and two fellows blinded to outcomes independently reviewed images from two patient groups in two sessions. Readers recorded presence/absence of AD and confidence level. Agreement and differences in confidence and sensitivity/specificity between DBT versus DM and attendings versus fellows were examined using weighted Kappa and generalised mixed modeling, respectively. There were 59 AD patients and 59 controls for 1,888 observations (59 × 2 (cases and controls) × 2 breasts × 2 imaging techniques × 4 readers). For all readers, agreement improved with DBT versus DM (0.61 vs. 0.37). Confidence was higher with DBT, p = .001. DBT achieved higher sensitivity (.59 vs. .32), p .90). DBT achieved higher positive likelihood ratio values, smaller negative likelihood ratio values, and larger ROC values. DBT decreases IOV, increases confidence, and improves sensitivity while maintaining high specificity in detecting AD. • Digital breast tomosynthesis decreases interobserver variability in the detection of architectural distortion. • Digital breast tomosynthesis increases reader confidence in the detection of architectural distortion. • Digital breast tomosynthesis improves sensitivity in the detection of architectural distortion.
Finite State Markov Chains

The counting processes {N(t),t≥0} of Chapters 2 and 3 have the property that N(t)changesat discrete instants of time, butis definedfor all real t ≥ 0. Such stochastic processes are generally called continuous time processes. The Markov chains to be discussed in this and the next chapter are stochastic processesdefinedonly at integer values of time, n = 0, 1,….At each integer time n ≥ 0, there is a random variable Xncalled thestateat time n, and the process is then the family of random variables {Xn,n≥0}. These processes are often called discrete time processes, but we prefer the more specific term integer time processes. An integer time process {Xn;n≥0} can also be viewed as a continuous time process {X(t);t≥0} by taking \(X(t) = X_n \) for n≤t<n+l, but since changes only occur at integer times, it is usually simpler to view the process only at integer times.
Immunosuppression of Rosette-Forming Cells

Park and Brody (13) have shown that phenobarbital markedly affects cellular immunity even at therapeutically prescribed dosages. A number of the narcotic analgesics and psychotomimetic drugs has been shown to markedly reduce production of interferon in random-bred mice (6,10). Although many investigators have concentrated their efforts on the effects of various drugs on cellular immunity, some attention has recently been directed toward humoral immunity. It has been reported that morphine as well as A-9-tetra-hydrocannabinol (THC) markedly affect the development of plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleens of mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) (8,9). Impairment of cellular immunity in human chronic marijuana smokers was also reported (5). The drug caffeine has also been shown to be immunosuppressive in mice (7, 9).
Monetary Services Aggregation under Uncertainty: A Behavioral Economics Extension Using Choquet Expectation

A central tenet of behavioral economics is that the axioms producing expected utility maximization by consumers are too strong to be descriptive of rational behavior. The existing theory of monetary services aggregation under risk assume expected utility maximization. We extend those results to uncertainty under weaker axiomatic assumptions by using Choquet expectations. Choquet integration reduces to Riemann integration as a special case under the stronger assumption of additive probability measure, not accepted in the literature on behavioral economics. Our theoretical results on monetary services aggregation are generalizations of prior results, nested as special cases of our results under stronger behavioral assumptions.
Three-Year Health-Related Fitness Knowledge Growth in One Curriculum Context: Impact of Sociodemographic Factors

Purpose: This study aims to (a) examine elementary school students’ health-related fitness knowledge growth under one curriculum condition and (b) examine the impacts of student/school-level factor...
The Genetic Diversity of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China and Neighboring Countries: A Review From Published Studies

For more than a decade, various research groups have tracked the population genetics of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in China and neighboring countries using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA. Although most research has reported high levels of mtDNA variation, to date no efforts have been made to integrate and compare the results from these studies simultaneously. Here, we show that: 1) despite the fact that a large portion of the sampling effort has focused on the Yunnan province beginning in 2005, each subsequent study recovers only a small number of previously sampled haplotypes; 2) new haplotypes of B. dorsalis remain to be found, a projection of new haplotypes versus the number of individuals sampled suggest that sampling the species mtDNA diversity is far from reaching an asymptote; 3) it is unlikely that the observed genetic variation is the result of NUMTs (nuclear mitochondrial DNA), as most differences between haplotypes are silent substitutions; and 4) although all studies employed the 3' end of COI, the length of COI fragment sequenced differs among studies, making comparisons challenging. Therefore, we offer these results with the caveat that mtDNA diversity might be underestimated in China.
Evidence of SPICE-related anoxia on the Laurentian passive margin: Paired δ13C and trace element chemostratigraphy of the upper Conasauga Group, Central Appalachian Basin

Abstract This study reports data from the Upper Cambrian Conasauga Group and overlying Copper Ridge Formation of the Central Appalachian region, eastern U.S.A. Geochemical, isotopic and petrographic analysis of core material was carried out to constrain the extent of marine anoxia and to characterize sediment fluxes on the carbonate platform and continental shelf of Laurentia contemporaneous with the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE), a Late Cambrian global marine anoxic event. Carbonate rocks (primarily dolostone) record a positive δ13Ccarb excursion starting in the middle Nolichucky Formation, reaching its peak (+4.3‰) at the boundary between the Maynardville and Copper Ridge formations. Strontium isotope ratios in the dolostone units are only slightly offset from the expected Cambrian seawater values, suggesting minimal post-diagenetic disturbance of isotopic and trace element systematics. Selective leaching of carbonate units reveal upward decreasing trends in dissolved redox-sensitive trace metals (e.g., U, Ni, V) indicative of drawdown from regional and global marine anoxia during the peak of the Late Cambrian SPICE event.
Skin Biopsy with Cutaneous Nerve Fiber Evaluation

Skin biopsy with intraepidermal nerve fiber density evaluation has become the gold standard diagnostic test for small fiber neuropathy. The density of cutaneous autonomic fibers, including sudomotor, vasomotor, and pilomotor fibers can also be evaluated on skin biopsy sections. The skin biopsy procedure, skin biopsy specimen processing, and small cutaneous nerve fiber evaluation are reviewed in this chapter.
Ethnic Studies in an Age of Expansion: An Introduction

ABSTRACTIn an age of Ethnic Studies expansion, how can educators maintain fidelity to the critical, community-oriented center of the field? This is the central question with which this symposium, E...
Outcomes of Peripheral Vascular Interventions via Retrograde Pedal Access for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in a Multicenter Registry:

Purpose: To describe the use and 1-year outcomes of retrograde pedal access during peripheral vascular interventions (PVI) for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Materials and Methods: From October 2016 to September 2017, 159 patients (mean age 71±10 years; 112 men) undergoing PVI via retrograde pedal access were enrolled in the multicenter Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry. The pedal access approach included retrograde femoral (40%), antegrade femoral (26%), retrograde to antegrade femoral (22%), and pedal only (11%). A comparator group of 1972 patients (mean age 69±12 years; 1129 men) having a contralateral retrograde femoral access was established for propensity matching, which resulted in 156 patients per group. Procedure characteristics, technical success, and access site complications were compared. Major adverse limb events (MALE) and amputation-free survival (AFS) at 1 year were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Technical failure was similar for retrograde femoral and pedal access (7% vs 13%, p=0.07). Complications were rare and included access site hematoma (2 vs 5, p=0.32) and target artery thrombosis (0 vs 2) for the femoral vs pedal access groups, respectively. The rates of MALE at 1 year were significantly lower after retrograde femoral access (24%) compared with pedal access (38%; log-rank p=0.01; HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.30). AFS estimates at 1 year were similar: 86% for retrograde femoral and 83% for pedal access (log-rank p=0.37; HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.39), as were major amputation estimates: 10% for retrograde femoral access and 13% for pedal access group (log-rank p=0.21; HR 1.58, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.26). Conclusion: In this analysis of multicenter registry data, retrograde pedal access in patients with CLTI had similar technical success and early complications in comparison with traditional contralateral retrograde femoral access. The rates of MALE were higher after pedal access but AFS was similar, indicating a tradeoff between limb salvage and repeat interventions.
Status and Plans for the DIII-D ECH/ECCD System

The DIII-D electron cyclotron heating and current drive (ECH/ECCD) system has been operating with an annual average of 4268 individual gyrotron pulses into the plasma in the last four years and 3-3.6 MW average yearly power availability in the last ten years. This allowed an increase in the number and the range of experiments involving injection of 110 and 117.5 GHz EC power into the DIII-D tokamak plasma. Some of the operational limitations encountered for the 110 GHz X-mode second harmonic resonance scenario launched in overdense plasmas were bypassed with the alternative use of O-mode second harmonic launch and the addition of a new higher frequency gyrotron at 117.5 GHz. A new launcher that will inject the EC waves downward nearly parallel to the resonance layer with higher current drive efficiency and a long absorption path was built and is now installed. Some of the remaining gyrotrons have been successfully in service as long as 14 years and need to be replaced; major plans for commissioning and purchasing a new series of gyrotrons in addition to the repair and refurbishment of the older ones are under way. The number of gyrotrons will increase bringing the generated power up to 10 MW in the next few years.
Chlamydia test-of-cure in pregnancy

What is the optimal interval between treatment and test-of-cure (TOC) in pregnant women with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)? The optimal interval between treatment and TOC in pregnant women with CT is 3 to 4 weeks (strength of recommendation C: several small prospective and retrospective cohort
B-Cell Control of Regulatory T Cells in Friend Virus Infection.

Abstract B lymphocytes have well-established effector roles during viral infections, including production of antibodies and functioning as antigen-presenting cells for CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. B cells have also been shown to regulate immune responses and induce regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the Friend virus (FV) model, Tregs are known to inhibit effector CD8 + T-cell responses and contribute to virus persistence. Recent work has uncovered a role for B cells in the induction and activation of Tregs during FV infection. In addition to inducing Tregs, B cell antibody production and antigen-presenting cell activity is a target of Treg suppression. This review focuses on the dynamic interactions between B cells and Tregs during FV infection.
Formal Axiomatic Systems and Computer-Generated Theorems.

One of the main topics of discussion in Douglas Hofstadter's Pulitzer-prize-win ning book Godei, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid is the concept of deriving the orems in a formal system. To give his read ers a better idea of what a formal system is, Hofstadter discusses a simple example of such a system, called the MIU system. Al though the example may not have been de signed for instructional use, to a teacher of mathematics it seems ready-made for the classroom. Indeed, the MIU system can not only provide an instructional unit on some important topics in mathematics, it can also be used to lead students to investi gate some fascinating ideas from computer science and artificial intelligence. The pres ent article will describe the MIU system and indicate a number of possible uses for it in the mathematics classroom.