cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Polymerase Chain Reaction After Antituberculous Treatment

Background: As living and dead Mycobacteria could be amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), it was considered that PCR was inappropriate for the monitoring of pulmonary tuberculosis after treatment. But we found negative conversion of PCR after successful treatment. We would like to know about the negative conversion rate of PCR and its conversion time after antituberculous treatment. Methods: We collected 113 sputums from the 16 patients of pulmonary tuberculsosis visiting Catholic University Hospital of Taegu Hyosung. We consecutively tested AFB smear, AFB culture and PCR by 2 to 4 weeks after antituberculous therapy. The patients were classified according to the chest X ray findings. Results: We detected negative conversion of PCR from all 16 patients of the pulmonary tuberculosis within 30 weeks after treatment. The average negative conversion time was weeks. The conversion time according to the chest X -ray findings were as follows : For the 8 cases of minimum were weeks, 4 cases of modreate advanced were weeks, and 4 cases of far advanced were weeks. The product of PCR was gradually decreased according to the duration of treatment. Conclusions: From the results of our study, we could utilize M. tubercuosis PCR for the prediction of therapy response and monitoring of the patient with pulmonary tuberculosis after treatment.
Large-Scale Nonparametric Estimation of Vehicle Travel Time Distributions.

Fitting distributions of travel-time in vehicle traffic is an important application of spatio-temporal data mining. While regression methods to forecast the expected travel-time are standard approaches of travel-time prediction, we need to estimate distributions of the travel-time when using stateof-the-art risk-sensitive route recommendation systems. The authors introduce a novel nonparametric density estimator of travel-time for each road or link. The new estimator consists of basis functions modeled as mixtures of gamma or log-normal density functions, a sparse link similarity matrix given as an approximate diffusion kernel on a link connectivity graph, and importance weights for each link. Unlike the existing nonparametric methods that are computationally intensive, the new estimator is stably applicable to large datasets, because the basis functions and the importance weights are globally optimized with a fast convex clustering algorithm. Experimental results using real probe-car datasets show advantages of the new nonparametric estimator over parametric regression methods.
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon: Defects and their electronic states

Electronic defects reduce the photosensitivity, suppress doping and impair the device performance of a-Si:H. Their high density in pure amorphous silicon makes this material of lesser interest and is the reason for the attention on the hydrogenated material, in which the defect density is greatly reduced. The remaining defects in a-Si:H control many electronic properties and are centrally involved in the substitutional doping process. The phenomena of metastability, which are described in Chapter 6, are caused by the defect reactions. Defects are described by three general properties. First is the set of electronic energy levels of their different charge states. Those defects with states within the band gap are naturally of the greatest interest in understanding the electronic properties because of their role as traps and recombination centers. Second is the atomic structure and bonding of the defect, which determine the electronic states. Third are the defect reactions which describe how the defect density depends on the growth and on the treatment after growth. This chapter is mostly concerned with the first two properties, and the defect reactions are discussed in Chapters 5 and 6. The defects are one of the more controversial aspects of a-Si:H. Many models have been proposed and there is active debate about the interpretation of several of the important experiments. This chapter concentrates on what is currently the most widely accepted model, but also compares the different possibilities and discusses the underlying reasons for disagreement.
Das A-B-C der postexpositionellen Prophylaxe

Die Empfehlungen zur postexpositionellen Prophylaxe (PEP) nach HIV-Exposition beruhen auf Kenntnissen der Pathogenese der HIV-Infektion, allgemeinen Therapiestudien und tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen. Empfehlungen zur PEP basieren nicht auf prospektiven randomisierten Studien zur Wirksamkeit der PEP, da solche aus ethischen Grunden nicht durchfuhrbar sind.
Necrotizing retinitis due to syphilis in a patient with AIDS

The ocular manifestations of syphilis are varied. Ocular syphilis can occur during any stage of infection and involve virtually any part of the eye. In immunocompetent individuals, the most common etiologies include syphilitic uveitis. Although the clinical presentation of ocular syphilis in HIV-infected patients is also widespread, posterior segment involvement has been more commonly described particularly in patients with AIDS. The diagnosis of syphilitic retinitis is challenging since its clinical presentation mimics retinitis caused by other viral etiologies. In addition, HIV-infected individuals with syphilis are more likely to develop aberrant serologic responses. Recognition of syphilitic retinitis and prompt initiation of penicillin therapy is of critical importance since syphilitic retinitis generally responds well to treatment and loss of vision is reversible. In this report, we describe a 39-year-old female with advanced stages of AIDS who developed necrotizing retinitis due to syphilis. Prompt initiation of intravenous penicillin led to excellent visual outcome for this patient despite significantly decreased visual acuity on presentation.
Prospective Investigation of a Novel Ultrasound-assisted Lumbar Puncture Technique on Infants in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Objective The objective was to describe a novel ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture (UALP) technique and to compare it to standard lumbar puncture (SLP) technique in infants. Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled study in infants 60 days old and younger undergoing a lumbar puncture (LP) in a pediatric emergency department. Patients with a spinal anomaly or ventriculoperitoneal shunt were excluded. Eligible infants were randomized to UALP or SLP. A spinal sonogram was performed on all patients by an investigator not involved in performing the LP. Spinal landmarks and maximum safe depth were identified for the UALP providers. Providers in the SLP group were blinded to sonographic measurements. A successful LP was defined as the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a red blood cell count of less than 10,000 cells/mm3. Statistical analysis included chi-square, Mann-Whitney U-test, and number needed to treat (NNT). Results Forty-three patients were enrolled, 21 in the UALP group and 22 in the SLP group. Prematurity, weight, length, provider experience, anesthesia use, stylet technique, and number of attempts were similar between groups. The median age in the UALP group was 38 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 33 days) versus 45 days (IQR = 19 days) in the SLP group (p = 0.02). CSF was obtained in all UALP subjects (100%) versus in 18 of 22 (82%) in the SLP group (p = 0.04); 20 (95%) UALP subjects versus 15 (68%) SLP subjects met our definition of success (p = 0.023). The odds ratio of successful LP using UALP technique was 9.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.034 to 84.026) and the NNT was 3.7 (95% CI = 2.02 to 24.18). Conclusion The UALP technique increases the rate of a successful LP in infants compared to standard technique.
Design and Hands-on Experiences for Undergraduates: Case Study on Design, Construction and Testing of Small Aircraft Models

This article describes the development of a new design course in the Aerospace Engineering curriculum at the University of Missouri-Rolla offered during the second (sophomore) year. The course is designed to offer learning opportunities that apply the fundamentals of design along with hands-on experience. The students are required to analyse and solve open-ended design problems, test and experiment with different concepts, build models that illustrate what they have proposed in the analysis phase, and use engineering process skills such as teamwork and development of technical reports. An emphasis is placed on the connection between theory and design applications, comparisons of analytical work with test results, reporting, and working with peers. Details of the course content, organization, and guidelines to develop small aircraft models along with the testing hardware needed are given.
A Methodology for Reusable Hardware Proofs

Abstract We present a methodology for reusing proofs of hardware components. Our methodology supports both bottom up and top down verification styles and allows multiple implementations of the same specification. We provide mechanical assistance for our methodology in the Nuprl proof development system. Our method exploits Nuprl's rich type theory to encode the specification of a module in the type of the module. This allows us to elegantly describe parameterized hardware modules. We illustrate our approach with several examples of circuit verification.
Reformulating Level Sets as Deep Recurrent Neural Network Approach to Semantic Segmentation

Variational Level Set (LS) has been a widely used method in medical segmentation. However, it is limited when dealing with multi-instance objects in the real world. In addition, its segmentation results are quite sensitive to initial settings and highly depend on the number of iterations. To address these issues and boost the classic variational LS methods to a new level of the learnable deep learning approaches, we propose a novel definition of contour evolution named Recurrent Level Set (RLS) 1 to employ Gated Recurrent Unit under the energy minimization of a variational LS functional. The curve deformation process in RLS is formed as a hidden state evolution procedure and updated by minimizing an energy functional composed of fitting forces and contour length. By sharing the convolutional features in a fully end-to-end trainable framework , we extend RLS to Contextual RLS (CRLS) to address semantic segmentation in the wild. The experimental results have shown that our proposed RLS improves both computational time and segmentation accuracy against the classic variational LS-based method whereas the fully end-to-end system CRLS achieves competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation approaches. 1 Source codes will be publicly available.
Payment to Research Participants

Research payments may take on many forms, from money to gifts, reimbursement and even free medical care. Though not inherently unethical, payments do carry the potential for coercion or undue inducement. Research subjects may take on unwarranted personal health risks to participate in studies that pay subjects. Not only is this unethical in the treatment of research subjects, but subjects enticed to participate may skew or invalidate research results. Additionally, payment after injury remains an ongoing area of controversy. Although ethically just, compensation after research injury is not a legal mandate at this time and remains an area for current ethical and legal debate.
Copepod avoidance of thin chemical layers of harmful algal compounds

In a physical model of a thin planktonic layer, the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa strongly avoided weakly stratified layers of dissolved chemical compounds from the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Chemical-induced changes in swimming kinematics allowed copepods to effectively avoid the layer and surrounding volume, highlighting the relevance of harmful alga-grazer interactions at a distance that involve dissolved chemical signals. Avoidance increased significantly with increasing chemical concentration representative of a range of ecologically relevant bloom conditions (1–104 cells/mL equivalent). Under mid to maximal bloom conditions, Acartia displayed visually and hydrodynamically conspicuous avoidance jumps featuring large, rapid displacements with swimming speeds near those reported for predatory escape reactions. Previous findings show K. brevis is both toxic and nutritionally inadequate to A. tonsa when ingested and that exposure to dissolved chemical compounds likely rapidly suppresses effective sampling and grazing behaviors. Thus, copepods have strong incentive to sense and avoid nearby, spatially discrete patches of toxic algae in order to improve fitness by avoiding exposure and/or ingestion and associated negative impacts. Our results suggest harmful alga not only produce deleterious physiological effects in copepod grazers, but chemical-induced behavioral responses also likely alter grazer distributions and top-down control via avoidance reactions (reduced harmful alga-grazer encounter rates). Additionally, predator-prey encounter rates at higher trophic levels are likely enhanced via significant changes in copepod swimming kinematics. These combined mechanisms could protect and sustain harmful blooms contained in subsurface thin layers until blooms reach critical mass and produce widespread impacts at the ecosystem level, the “cryptic bloom” effect.
Best-Worst Scaling to Prioritize Outcomes Meaningful to Caregivers of Youth with Mental Health Multimorbidities: A Pilot Study

Objective Health care decision-making for youth with mental health multimorbidity is guided by outcomes that are considered most meaningful and important. The study objective was to pilot test a best-worst scaling (BWS) instrument designed to assess trade-offs among caregiver-defined, meaningful health care outcomes. Methods A BWS was designed with continuous stakeholder involvement to elicit caregiver-defined outcomes in 4 domains: school, behavioral, social, and independence. Four attributes were identified for each outcome domain, for a total of 16 attributes. Using a balanced incomplete block design, a BWS instrument was developed with 16 choice task questions displaying 6 attributes at a time. A convenience sample was selected from Maryland caregivers of children who were 21 years old or younger and had a developmental delay and a comorbid mental health condition. Participants completed a survey that included demographics and the BWS instrument. Conditional logit was used to estimate utility scores and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each attribute, which were ranked in order of importance. Attribute statements were refined after a respondent debriefing session. Results A total of 38 caregivers participated in the pilot study. Child safety to self was the most important outcome (1.01, CI, 0.78-1.24). This was followed by securing support for an Individualized educational plan in school (0.77, CI, 0.54-1.01) and the child being able to stay in school all day (0.53, CI, 0.29-0.77). Conclusion BWS scenarios that resemble real-life decision-making can be a useful tool to identify preferences for health care outcomes.
‘A Cool Place Where We Make Stuff’: Co-curating Relational Spaces of Muchness

Drawing on theories of new materialism (Barad K, Signs J, Women Cult Soc, 28(3):801–831, 2003, Meeting the universe halfway: quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning. Duke University Press, Durham, 2007); Bennett J, Vibrant matter: a political ecology of things. Duke University Press, Durham, 2010), environmental humanities (Tsing A, Aust Humanit Rev, 50:1–13, 2011; The mushroom at the end of the world: on the possibilities of life in capitalist ruins. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2015), and relational aesthetics and design (Bourriaud N, Relational aesthetics. Les presses du Reel, Paris, 2002; Ceppi G, Zini M, Children, spaces, relations: metaproject for an environment for young children. Reggio Children, Reggio Emilia, 2003; Vecchi V, Art and creativity in Reggio Emilia: exploring the role and potential of ateliers in early childhood education. Routledge, London, 2010), this chapter narrates what becomes possible when children are embraced as co-curators of space, rather than passive users of pre-determined utilities, and therefore, are co-curators of the aesthetic relationships within relational spaces of muchness. Muchness (Thiel J, Lang Arts 93(1):38–49, 2015.) is theorized as an affective moment of intellectual fullness that pulsates between bodies, space, objects, and discourse. Data presented in this chapter are part of a larger 3-year post-qualitative ethnographic study that considers children’s out-of-school literacies and were collected during summer enrichment experience and after-school programs held at the community center called the Playhouse. Co-curatorial moments at the Playhouse are illustrated through a paint-picnic that emerged one afternoon at the center.
On Interconversion of Various Material Functions of PMMA

The interconversion between various linear viscoelastic functions forPoly (methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) is explored. With the availability offour time or frequency-dependent material functions (shear, bulk,uniaxial and Poisson) on the same material, various material functionsare computed using the correspondence principle of the linearized theoryof viscoelasticity through the use of standard relations. Computedmaterial functions are evaluated against the directly measuredproperties and the limitations imposed on successful interconversion dueto the experimental errors in the underlying physical data are explored.It is observed that the differences between the computed and measuredfunctions were larger than suggested by experimental error. The resultsintimates the need to thoroughly re-examine the applicability oftime-temperature superposition principle often employed to develop`master curves' for viscoelastic functions, especially with respect tothe glassy domain.
Laparoscopic Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma

During the past decade, minimally invasive surgery has become the standard approach for live donor nephrectomy and is increasing in frequency for all other nephrectomy indications. With increasing laparoscopic experience and improvements in technology, resection of larger renal tumors has become feasible and more widely accepted among minimally invasive urologic surgeons. For smaller, favorably located lesions, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is increasingly being offered in many centers. Equally important, long-term oncologic follow-up data have demonstrated equivalence when compared with traditional open techniques. This chapter describes and assesses the various laparoscopic techniques available for radical and partial nephrectomy for malignant renal tumors. We also seek to synthesize the available data regarding the oncologic aspects of minimally invasive renal surgery.
The dependence of acoustic emission on strain rate in 7075-T6 aluminum: The aim of this experimental investigation was to determine the effect of strain rate on the acoustic emission from a polycrystalline metal

The dependence of RMS acoustic-emission output on strain rate was determined during tensile tests on 7075-T6 aluminum over a range of strain rates from 0.015 min−1 to 0.230 min−1. A special normalization technique was developed to eliminate the inherent differences in the acoustic emission from supposedly identical specimens tested under identical conditions. It was found that the RMS acoustic-emission output increases approximately linearly with strain rate, and that the slope of the linear dependence decreased with increased plastic strain. The effect of pinned dislocation breakaway on the acoustic-emission output vs. plastic-strain relationship is the subject of a preliminary theory.
Does the thigh circumference affect the positioning of the acetabular component when using the direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty

Aims The hypothesis of this study was that thigh circumference, distinct from body mass index (BMI), may be associated with the positioning of components when undertaking total hip arthroplasty (TH...
Nonlinear Interaction of Rydberg Exciton-Polaritons in Two-Dimensional WSe 2

We demonstrate the formation of Rydberg exciton-polaritons in monolayer WSe 2 embedded in a microcavity and their 10X enhanced nonlinear interaction strength compared to the 1S exciton-polaritons owing to their larger size. © 2019 The Author(s)
Single Crystal and Solution Complex Structure of Nd(CO3)45-. The First Characterization of a Mononuclear Lanthanide(III) Carbonato Complex

Carbonate is generally a strongly complexing ligand for f-element ions, including trivalent lanthanides. The few lanthanide(III) carbonates previously characterized have extended multidimensional solid state structures. Spectroscopic and solubility studies indicate that the solution species are monomeric; however, structural details remain unknown. We report the first single-crystal structure of a discrete mononuclear Nd(III) carbonate, the guanidinium salt of Nd(CO3)4(H2O)5-, which corresponds directly to a species formed in highly concentrated carbonate solutions.
Spectral memory: Illumination-evoked plasticity

Here human trichromats were presented with two types of scenes − geometric and real-world scenes − tinted with a shade of colour in order to destabilize the perceived illumination, and chromaticity of the retinal image of each scene. Each trichromat was instructed to adjust the chromaticity of the object embedded within each scene until its surface appeared devoid of any hue in the DKL colour space which spans two chromatic opponent axes − the S − (L+M) and L − M axis − and a luminance axis − the L+M axis. The following observations were made : (i) across scenes, adjustments were dispersed along the S − (L+M) axis, along which daylight is known to vary; (ii) across trichromats, for the geometric scenes, adjustments were biased towards the S pole of the S − (L+M) axis for one group (group 1), and towards the (L+M) pole for the other group (group 2); (iii) for the real-world scenes, adjustments for both groups systematically converged towards the (L+M) pole. These results suggest that when the core set of priors upon which the human visual system typically relies become ill-equipped, the human visual system is able to recruit one of the two illumination priors − PriorS or PriorL+M − in combination with the representation it has formed over time about the spectral composition of the illuminant associated with scenes the trichromatic observer is currently being exposed to within its ecological niche, as it attempts to stabilize the chromaticity of the retinal image of real-world scenes.
Conjugated polymer nano-systems for hyperthermia, imaging and drug delivery

Hyperthermia has shown tremendous therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of cancer due to its controllability, minimal invasiveness and limited side effects compared to the conventional treatment techniques like surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To improve the precision of hyperthermia specifically to a tumor location, near infra-red (NIR) light activatable inorganic metal nanoparticles have served as effective photothermal therapy materials, but toxicity and non-biodegradability have limited their clinical applications. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles have overcome these limitations and are emerging as superior photothermal materials owing to their excellent light harvesting nature, biocompatibility and tunable absorption properties. In this review we focus on the development of organic conjugated polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, polydopamine etc.) and their nanoparticles, which have broad NIR absorption. Such materials elicit photothermal effects upon NIR stimulation and may also serve as carriers for delivery of therapeutic and contrast agents for combined therapy. Subsequently, the emergence of donor-acceptor based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles with strong absorbance that is tunable across the NIR have been shown to eradicate tumors by either hyperthermia alone or combined with other therapies. The design of multifunctional polymer nanoparticles that absorb near- or mid- infrared light for heat generation, as well as their diagnostic abilities for precise biomedical applications are highlighted.
A nondegenerate convective-reaction-density-dependent diffusion model of in vitro glioblastoma tumor growth

We propose a model for in vitro glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor growth, which uses density-dependent diffusion to capture both the proliferative and migratory behavior of the cancer cells. The model is compared to well-known experimental data and is analyzed for the existence of traveling wave solutions.
Reconstruction Following Resection for Maxillofacial Tumors

SUMMARY An interdisciplinary approach has been stressed. Each reconstruction is customized, and full form and function are the goals. The literature demonstrates that there are many pathways to these goals.
Let’s talk about transcultural learning:

Higher education should prepare students for a world that is increasingly globalised, diverse and interconnected. However, it is less clear how to effectively achieve this as part of university learning and a lack of interaction between international and domestic students remains a common issue found on many Australian campuses. Drawing focus to a purpose-built program, this paper explores the development of intercultural competence within a group of culturally diverse students at a regional Australian university. Eight commencing students participated in a series of forums that were guided by a dialogic approach to facilitate discussion around intercultural topics. Through a fine-grained qualitative analysis of interviews, reflections, and video capture, students were observed transitioning to the new academic context through a process of feeling, connecting and becoming comfortable to interact with others. A closer look at the nature of peer-to-peer interactions revealed students using a variety of verbal and non-verbal tools to facilitate intercultural understandings. This paper highlights the value of intentionally promoting transcultural interactions as part of the learning process and presents the dialogic approach as a productive way to improve students’ transition experience.
Incline Impact: A Case Study

An incline impact test can be used as a shock test in lieu of a drop test in several test protocols, including ISTA Procedure 1A [1]. Some test protocols, such as ISTA Procedure 1E [2], only allow for an incline impact test and horizontal impact test. In this case study, a graph was developed for a 500-lb impact tester at Christian Brothers University (CBU) Packaging Laboratory. It determines sliding platform location on the incline for a given packaged-product weight to meet the impact velocity recommended by the International Safe Transit Association (ISTA). One station of the platform location higher than the station obtained from the graph is recommended to ensure the meeting of ISTA recommended impact velocity. It is well known that weight is not used in impact velocity of a free fall drop. However, this case study shows that weight contributes to impact velocity of an incline impact test. It contributes to the rolling friction. A heavier weight yields a smaller coefficient of rolling friction ( 𝜇𝑘 ), which results in a higher impact velocity. The coefficient of rolling friction for CBU’s incline impact tester can be computed from 𝜇𝑘 = −9 −5𝑤 + 0.1092, where w is the total weight of the sliding platform and packaged product.
Recalibrating the Department of National Defence approach to active sonar impact management.

Abstract Fielding a well-trained, combat-ready military, and observing Canada's responsibility as environmental stewards are at times conflicting priorities for the Department of National Defence (DND). As new low frequency sources are introduced into service, DND must review and update policies and procedures regarding the use of active sonar to minimize its impacts on marine mammals with an evidence-based approach. Risk is mitigated primarily through avoidance, which requires an understanding of marine mammal distribution in order to avoid the most sensitive species and their habitats. In parallel, a research and development program evaluates and develops technological solutions to minimize the risk of harm. By first embracing an empirical framework to assess acute and chronic impacts, DND has been able to partner with other government departments and researchers to develop technology targeted towards the residual risks to marine mammals posed by sonar operations.
Comparative analysis of nationalization laws : objectives and techniques

The economies of the emerging independent African states were closely linked to , and shaped by the actions and interest of the colonial powers. In order to illustrate the pattern of this economic heritage, summaries of economic set-ups prevailing in three West African countries at the time of their emergence are given in the article.
Impaired oxidative phosphorylation regulates necroptosis in human lung epithelial cells

Cellular metabolism can impact cell life or death outcomes. While metabolic dysfunction has been linked to cell death, the mechanisms by which metabolic dysfunction regulates the cell death mode called necroptosis remain unclear. Our study demonstrates that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activates programmed necrotic cell death (necroptosis) in human lung epithelial cells. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis induced the phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and necroptotic cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), resulting from impaired mitochondrial OXPHOS, regulates necroptotic cell death. These results suggest that impaired mitochondrial OXPHOS contributes to necroptosis in human lung epithelial cells.
Knowledge base channels and their implications for expert networks

A method is presented for a semantically based partitioning of the paths through an inference network. The members of this partition, called channels of inference, may be incorporated into network algorithms where tractability is a problem. An example is given in which channels are used as building blocks in a genetic learning technique. >
The Burnham Scions' suburban legacy: the 1917 Plan of Evanston

Daniel Burnham moved from Chicago to the suburb of Evanston in 1886. Here he raised his family, including his sons Daniel, Jr. and Hubert. Evanston was also the home to close Burnham associates, Dwight Perkins and Thomas Tallmadge. These proteges of Burhnam, Sr. became well known in urban planning and architecture circles over the course of long careers. In the spring of 1916, Burnham, Jr. led a year‐long collaborative effort with his brother and Perkins and Tallmadge that culminated in the Plan of Evanston. This paper examines the significance of this suburban plan within the context of a growing metropolitan region.
Resources of the Sea Floor

In his Perspective, Rona reviews recent advances in knowledge of sea-floor resources. Knowledge is expanding from those minerals eroded from land--metals, gemstones, sand, and gravel--to those minerals concentrated by plate tectonic processes in ocean basins. Exploration of the oceans is at an early stage and development of marine mining is subject to economic and environmental considerations.
Selective binding of platelet factor 4 to regions of active angiogenesis in vivo.

In a previous study we suggested that recombinant human platelet factor 4 (rhPF4) preferentially binds in vivo to regions of active angiogenesis/endothelial cell migration. To test this hypothesis, binding of fluorescently labeled rhPF4 to newly formed vessels was compared with that of the normal skin vasculature, using syngeneic Langerhans islets as inducers of angiogenesis. Islets were implanted in the dorsal skinfold chamber of the hamster, and the binding of rhPF4 was studied using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Intra-arterially injected rhPF4 labeled, with high intensity, the endothelium along newly formed vessels of the islets (1,632 +/- 617 microns labeled vessel length per islet), and only on rare occasions (1 +/- 2 sites per cm2 skinfold) were short (62 +/- 48 microns) intense-labeled sites found in the normal vasculature of the skinfold. Heparin could displace most of the label if injected within 10 min after the rhPF4 injection, but not 30 min after. In conclusion, rhPF4-preferentially binds to regions of active angiogenesis in vivo. On binding, rhPF4 is internalized as judged from a decreasing heparin sensitivity with time after rhPF4 injection. The infrequent rhPF4-labeling sites in the normal skin vasculature most likely represent regions of newly formed cells/migration, i.e., normal endothelial turnover, supporting our previous findings demonstrating that the occurrence of such regions is rare in the normal microvasculature. Furthermore, despite the previously demonstrated short half-life in plasma, systemically injected rhPF4 will target regions of angiogenesis with high affinity, thereby facilitating the antiangiogenic effect of PF4.
Approximate Mode II velocity correction factors for 90° unidirectional fiber composites

Abstract A static Mode III isotropic/Mode II orthotropic analogy is developed for 90° highly orthotropic fiber composites. This static analogy is extended to the dynamic regime and the velocity correction factors for the dynamic energy release rate and the dynamic stress intensity factor are obtained for the Mode II case. The complete dynamic analogies are given. The approximate Mode II 90° velocity correction factors W II(90°) and S II((90°) are of the same general form as the approximate Mode I velocity correction factors, W I(0°) , W I(90°) , S I(0°) and S I(90°) Whereas the four Mode I velocity correction factors approach zero as the crack-tip velocity approaches the composite shear wave speed, w II(90°) and s II(90°) approach zero as the crack-tip velocity approaches the larger extensional wave speed.
Dissipation of Heat by Radiation

Heat dissipation is an ever-present factor affecting the design and operation of many kinds of electrical equipment. Usually, the problem is to get rid of heat due to losses. Sometimes the problem is how to conserve heat. Radiation, or convection, or conduction, or combinations of these, enter into all cases. Engineering literature as a rule presents conduction and convection in sound terms, but in many cases, the treatment of radiation is unsound, misleading, and sometimes in error. This paper is presented with the hope of putting heat radiation in engineering applications on a sounder basis. The usual laws given to cover total heat radiation are stated and discussed, and their limitations brought out. Net heat loss by radiation interchange for the cases of parallel and concentric surfaces are reviewed and stated. The problem of total radiation from a rectangular slot is attacked, the method of solution is indicated by example and discussion, and the results given.
A power consumption analysis of decision support systems

Enterprise data warehouses have been doubling every three years, demanding high compute power and storage capacities. The in-dustry is expected to meet such compute demands, but dealing with the dramatic increase in energy requirements will be challenging. Energy efficiency has already become the top priority for system developers and data center managers. While system vendors focus on developing energy efficient systems there is a huge demand for industry-standard workloads and processes to measure and analyze energy consumption for enterprise data warehouses. SPEC has developed a power benchmark for single servers (SPECpower_ssj2008), but so far, no benchmark exists that measures the power consumption of large, complex systems. In this paper, we present a simple power consumption model for enterprise data warehouses based on the industry standard TPC-H benchmark. By applying our model to a subset of 7 years of TPC-H publications, we identify the most power-intensive components where research and development should focus and also analyze existing power consumption trends over time. This paper com-plements a similar study conducted for enterprise OLTP systems published by the same authors at VLDB 2008 and the Transaction Processing Performance Council's initiative of energy metric to its benchmarks.
A thermodynamic evaluation of the titanium–oxygen system from O/Ti=0 to 3/2

Abstract Evaluation of the partial thermodynamic functions of the Ti–O system (up to O/Ti=1.5) from 1000 to 2000 K, using a methodology previously developed for other M–O, M–H and M–N systems, is presented. Satisfactory pressure–composition–temperature relationships for each phase have been obtained even in regions where no data are available. The results are presented as oxygen isobars superimposed on the phase diagram. The Gibbs energy of oxygen dissolution in solid titanium is also calculated.
Ribonuclease adsorption on glass surfaces.

Abstract Pancreatic ribonuclease is strongly adsorbed at the water-glass interface from dilute solutions of the enzyme under conditions of low ionic strength and a pH below the isoelectric point. This adsorption is enhanced by increasing the glass surface area, and is inhibited by low concentrations of pyrophosphate or by high concentrations of other salts. At both pH 5.5 and 7.5, and at an ionic strength of 0.01, the interface appears to be almost fully saturated by a 0.0005% solution of ribonuclease. The enzyme is maximally adsorbed at pH 7.5; at this pH each molecule in the saturated film occupies a compact area which corresponds approximately to that expected for a densely packed monomolecular layer of relatively undistorted protein molecules. At pH 5.5, however, the interface appears to be coated with protein molecules which occupy a much larger area.
Cynodont Reptile with Incipient Mammalian Jaw Articulation

A diagnostic mammalian character is jaw articulation between squamosal and dentary bones, replacing the quadrate-articular joint of reptiles. A newly discovered Argentinian Middle Triassic form shows, for the first time in an ancestral reptile, definite evidence of a squamosal-dentary articulation supplementary to the persistent primitive connection.
Overview of the HST Contamination Engineering Program at 15 Years: A Cleanliness Metric for Success with Optical Satellites

Over the past two decades, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) contamination control program has evolved from a ground-based integration program to a space-based science-sustaining program. On-orbit, the primary contamination requirement for the telescope was maintaining a low contamination flux in the optical path of the instrument. In addition, to maintain the scientific capability of the telescope, the contamination requirements and specific contamination controls from the second- and third-generation scientific instruments and orbital replacement units were captured within the HST contamination control program. Contamination controls involving the Orbiter, astronauts, and mission were developed for on-orbit operations and four servicing missions. Long-term on-orbit scientific data has shown that these contamination controls successfully protected the HST from contamination.
Synaptic targeting of the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 mediated by lipid and protein motifs.

Abstract During synaptic development, proteins aggregate at specialized pre- and postsynaptic structures. Mechanisms that mediate protein clustering at these sites remain unknown. To investigate this process, we analyzed synaptic targeting of a postsynaptic density protein, PSD-95, by expressing green fluorescent protein– (GFP-) tagged PSD-95 in cultured hippocampal neurons. We find that postsynaptic clustering relies on three elements of PSD-95: N-terminal palmitoylation, the first two PDZ domains, and a C-terminal targeting motif. In contrast, disruptions of PDZ3, SH3, or guanylate kinase (GK) domains do not affect synaptic targeting. Palmitoylation is sufficient to target the diffusely expressed SAP-97 to synapses, and palmitoylation cannot be replaced with alternative membrane association motifs, suggesting that a specialized synaptic lipid environment mediates postsynaptic clustering. The requirements for PDZ domains and a C-terminal domain of PSD-95 indicate that protein–protein interactions cooperate with lipid interactions in synaptic targeting.
A salient-point signature for 3d object retrieval

In this paper we describe a new 3D object signature and evaluate its performance for 3D object retrieval. The signature is based on a learning approach that finds the characteristics of salient points on a 3D object and represents the points in a 2D spatial map based on a longitude-latitude transformation. Experimental results show that the signature is able to achieve good retrieval scores for both pose-normalized and randomly-rotated object queries.
A rapid column technique for trapping and collecting of volatile fungal hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives

A custom-made stainless steel column was designed to contain various materials that would trap the hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives during the processes of fungal fermentation ultimately yielding preparative amounts of volatile organic substances (VOCs). Trapping materials tested in the column were Carbotrap materials A and B (Supelco) as well as bentonite-shale from the oil bearing areas of Eastern Montana, the former allowed for the effective and efficient trapping of VOCs from purged cultures of Hypoxylon sp. Trapping efficiencies of various materials were measured by both gravimetric as well as proton transfer reaction mass spectroscopy with the Carbotraps A and B being 99% efficient when tested with known amounts of 1,8-cineole. Trapped fungal VOCs could effectively be removed and recovered via controlled heating of the stainless steel column followed by passage of the gases through a liquid nitrogen trap at a recovery rate of ca 65–70%. This method provides for the recovery of mg quantities of compounds normally present in the gas phase that may be needed for spectroscopy, bioassays and further separation and analysis and may have wide applicability for many other biological systems involving VOCs. Other available Carbotraps could be used for other applications.
A STANDARD MODEL FOR TENSIOMETRIC STUDIES.

Summary Wound tensile strength studies are an important experimental tool. Even though the test is nonspecific, it reflects the composite effect of multiple and complex changes which may be imposed by single or multiple variations in experimental conditions. The Howes method of tensile strength determination offers numerous advantages in testing experimental variations on wound healing. A significant disadvantage has been the lack of a convenient technique for applying and measuring the disrupting force. A convenient, inexpensive modification of this technique is described in detail. Results of two experiments utilizing this technique demonstrate the degree of accuracy that may be attained.
Effect of Varying Light Intensity on Broiler Performance

Abstract Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of light on broiler performance under a moderate temperature regime where bird activity would not be restricted by temperature. A positive control consisted of light continuous at an intensity of 12.9 lux. Broilers receiving 12 hours of continuous light at an intensity of 204.5 lux and 12 hours of darkness during all or part of the 8-week period weighed significantly less and had significantly poorer feed conversion than the control group at both 5 and 8 weeks of age. Broilers receiving 12 hours of continuous light at an intensity of 204.5 lux and 12 hours at an intensity of 12.9 lux had an equated body weight at 5 and 8 weeks of age when compared with that of the control group, but had significantly poorer feed conversion than the control group at 8 weeks of age.
Superoxide- and singlet oxygen-catalyzed lipid peroxidation as a possible mechanism for paraquat (methyl viologen) toxicity.

Summary Paraquat was reduced by mouse lung microsome when incubated anaerobically with NADPH. The reaction was inhibited by the addition of antibody to rat liver NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. In the presence of NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, paraquat increased the in vitro peroxidation of rat liver microsomal lipid. The peroxidation was inhibited by superoxide dismutase and the singlet oxygen trapping agent 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran. It is suggested that paraquat toxicity may be mediated through the transfer of a single electron from reduced paraquat to oxygen and thus form superoxide ion. Singlet oxygen may form from superoxide and subsequently react with lipids to form fatty acid hydroperoxides.
An Axiomatic Theory of Software Complexity Measure

Introduction d'une nouvelle mesure de test, basee sur la strategie de test a «condition multiple». Des comparaisons sont faites entre cette nouvelle mesure et la metrique plus traditionnelle
Comparison of experimental and theoretical pressure-broadened atomic line shapes

Line-structure calculations of the longer wavelength resonance line of cesium pressurized by argon are compared with experimental values over a range of perturber relative densities from 0.5 to 61. The main features of the line shapes are reproduced by the general pressures method using Lennard-Jones potentials. The calculations indicate that results are very sensitive to the potential parameters employed, but are not sensitive to changes in the temperature. The data are also compared with the method that makes the quasi-static approximation and with the high-pressure limit that leads to a Gaussian line profile. The former technique yields good agreement over the range of pressures where the approximation is warranted, and the latter appears to have several disadvantages.
Improving UPC productivity via integrated development tools

In the world of high-performance computing (HPC), there has been an increased focus in recent years upon the importance of productivity in HPC application development. One crucial aspect of productivity is the programming model used, and the family of partitioned global-address-space (PGAS) models, such as UPC and X10, has served to advance the state of the art in balancing performance and productivity. Also of great importance is the variety of development tools used to support activities such as editing, debugging, and optimizing programs. These tools are often most useful as part of an integrated development environment (IDE). While some progress has been made towards bringing IDE capabilities into the HPC world, in particular by way of Eclipse projects, support has mainly focused on MPI and OpenMP tools.In this paper, we present research and development activities that are bringing Eclipse-based IDE capabilities to the PGAS developer community. We focus on tools for UPC, giving background on previously existing capabilities to work with UPC programs in Eclipse and then presenting a tool-chain and project wizard for the open-source Berkeley UPC compiler, basic UPC static analysis tools, and integration of our performance analysis tool (Parallel Performance Wizard) supporting UPC. Finally, we conclude by proposing future work and providing recommendations for further integration of UPC and other PGAS tools to enhance overall developer productivity.