cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metalliferous Ore Deposits of Bolivia.Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa. Pp. 233 and three Appendices. Printed by SPC Impresores S.A. 2009. Hardcover. ISBN-978-99954-0-527-4. Price $80 (available from the author at osvaldo_arce@yahoo.es).

This book is a compilation of available information pertinent to Bolivian mineral deposits; published in 2009, it is the English edition of a volume first published, in 2007, in Spanish. Bolivia has a history of significant mining that dates back hundreds of years, a testament to the global importance of these deposits. The country hosts a broad diversity of deposit types and has considerable, although not well understood, potential for undiscovered deposits. Until publication of this volume, however, no single, readily accessible publication synthesized the available information on all known deposits. With publication of this book, Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa has compiled and synthesized a noteworthy body of information relevant to Bolivian metallic mineral deposits. Although similar collections of data and interpretations have been assembled, this is the first new (and the only English-language) compilation in several decades. It contains abundant new and updated information appropriately placed in a modern mineral deposit-ore genesis conceptual framework. Metallic mineral deposits have always been a significant component of the Bolivian economy and are likely to remain so for years to come. Documentation of the country’s metallic mineral deposits, as achieved in this volume, is essential to defining exploration frontiers and opportunities for new discoveries. Information contained here is optimally rendered by the use of color in …
Endothermic ion/molecule reactions III. High energy collisional activation at low kinetic energies

Endothermic reactions between leucine enkephalin and ammonia have been carried out at very low beam energies, and compared with activation obtained by conventional collision-induced dissociation at both low and high energies. The similarity between the high-energy and the reactive-collisions spectra suggest that comparable energies are imparted by these two methods. The upper limit of the collision energy deposited by reactive collisions is only 0.30 eV. In addition, a substantial increase in the collection efficiency is observed with endothermic reactions, with the sum of the fragment ions exceeding the intensity of the surviving parent ions.
Hypertension as a Complication of Topical Testosterone Therapy

OBJECTIVE:To report a patient developing hypertension following the use of testosterone gel.CASE SUMMARY:A 65-year-old white man who was placed on topical testosterone therapy to increase libido developed hypertension and increased hematocrit simultaneously. After discontinuation of the testosterone, the hematocrit returned to mid-normal reference range and blood pressure returned to normal; he had been normotensive prior to topical testosterone use.DISCUSSION:The popularity of hormone replacement for women for the maintenance of appearance and lifestyle and the prevention of complications such as osteoporosis has been established over several decades, and the complications and risks and benefits of this therapy have been well described. More recently, and particularly with the availability of topical preparations of testosterone, hormone replacement for men is becoming popular with both older male patients and their physicians. We describe a case of hypertension as a complication of the application of to...
Low-frequency ionospheric sounding with Narrow Bipolar Event lightning radio emissions: energy-reflectivity spectrum

We analyze data on radio-reflection from the D-region of the lower ionosphere, retrieving the energy- reflection coefficient in the frequency range 5-95 kHz. The data are the same as developed for a recent study of ionospheric-reflection height, and are based on recordings of powerful (multi-Gigawatt) radio emissions from a type of narrow ( 10µs) lightning discharge known as "Narrow Bipolar Events". The sequential appearance of first the groundwave signal, and then the ionospheric single-hop re- flection signal, permits us to construct the energy-reflection ratio. We infer the energy reflection's statistical variation with solar zenith angle, angle-of-incidence, frequency, and propagation azimuth. There is also a marginally-significant response of the energy reflectivity to solar X-ray flux density. Finally, we review the relationship of our results to previous published reports.
Hepatitis B virus therapy: What’s the future holding for us?

Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause fatal illness since decades but the population effected by this lethal virus have still only a few options for its management. The major treatment strategies include interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues. These agents have so far produced unsatisfactory results in terms of complete virus eradication. Interferons cannot be used for long term therapy because of their potential side effects. Prolong treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues has also been reported to cause serious side effects besides the increasing resistance by the virus. The need for new innovative solutions for treatment of HBV has been realized by global research institutes and pharmaceutical industry. Present review focuses in detail on the new ideas that are being transformed into therapeutic tools for use as future therapies in HBV infection. Modern drug designing and screening methods have made the drug discovery process shorter and more reliable. HBV therapeutics will take a new turn in coming years owing to these intelligent drug designing and screening methods. Future therapy of HBV is aiming to include the use of vaccines (both prophylactic and therapeutic), immunomodulators such as antibodies, non-nucleoside antivirals such as RNAi and inhibitors of viral life cycle.
Adaptive beam model with electrorheological-material-based applications

In this investigation, a theoretical model for adaptive beam structures with various boundary conditions was developed, and its potential applicability to electrorheological (ER) material based adaptive beams was introduced. The cross-sectional configuration of the beam selected was based on sandwiching a damping material between elastic face plates. The transverse continuous vibration model developed is based on thin plate theory. In the model shear and rotary inertia effects are neglected, and it is assumed that no slipping between the elastic layers and the damping layer occurs. All layers are considered to have the same transverse displacement. The resulting analytical model is able to predict the structural vibration response at any location on the beam surface, and is applicable to generalized sets of boundary conditions. In this study, four different boundary and external excitation conditions were considered, namely; clamped-clamped, clamped-free, clamped-simply supported and simply supported. The transverse vibration response was studied for each boundary condition set. Variations in the mode shapes, natural frequencies, and loss factors as functions of mode number and excitation frequency were analyzed. ER material based adaptive beam semi-active vibration control capabilities were analyzed from the observed model results.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Defining Corruption in the Cultural Context of Sub-Saharan Africa

This study analyzes the phenomenon of corruption in the cultural context of sub-Saharan Africa. After 50 years of independence, most of the sub-Saharan African states have made little progress regarding economic development, eliminating poverty, and creating more jobs for their populations (Ochulor 2001; World Bank 2006). This situation stems from the historical and colonial legacies that were inherent to Europeans’ colonial exploitation of Africa. The historical and colonial legacies of Africa made it impossible after the independences to create a rapid basis of functioning modern states across the continent. These legacies resulted in lack of infrastructures, schools, hospitals, and modern judiciary system, in addition to a plethoric bureaucracy and a system of cronyism of local chiefs for pacification of different and hostile tribes. These conditions then led to corruption in many of these states, and today it has become an integral part of the social fabric and how business is conducted.
ESFERA PÚBLICA INTERNACIONAL, DEMOCRACIA E DIREITOS HUMANOS

O artigo discute a necessidade de constituicao de uma esfera publica democratica em âmbito internacional como forma de garantir a eficacia dos direitos humanos. Para tanto, primeiramente, apresenta-se um escorco historico do surgimento e da consolidacao da defesa dos direitos humanos em âmbito internacional e a necessidade de superacao do modelo de protecao monista do Estado para um paradigma supranacional de protecao dos direitos humanos. Apos, sera analisada a viabilidade de inclusao de novos atores como sujeitos de direitos na esfera internacional, especialmente, organismos nao governamentais que atuam em interesses supranacionais e a pessoa humana como sujeito de direito internacional. Por fim, discute-se o deficit democratico nas relacoes internacionais em orgaos de defesa dos direitos humanos.
Proportional arteriolar growth accompanies cardiac hypertrophy induced by volume overload

Volume overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by normal coronary reserve and maximal flow. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that both arteriolar and capillary growth are proportional to the magnitude of hypertrophy in this model. Five months after performing an aortocaval fistula [arteriovenous (A-V) shunt] in young rats, right and left ventricles were 61 and 55%, respectively, heavier than their sham controls. Using morphometric methods and image analysis, we found that increases in cardiac myocyte cross-sectional area accounted for approximately 50% of the hypertrophy and that arteriolar length density (LV) (7.5 +/- 0.9 and 7.0 +/- 0.4 mm/mm3) and the frequency distribution of arteriolar diameters were similar in the hearts from A-V shunt and control rats. Capillary LV in the right ventricle was similar in the two groups; in the left ventricle a significantly lower LV for the A-V shunt rats was noted only in the endomyocardium. Capillary volume density was not attenuated in the A-V shunt rats, since slightly larger luminal diameters compensated for any decrements in LV in the left ventricle. These findings provide an anatomic basis for the observation that maximal myocardial perfusion is not necessarily compromised in ventricular enlargement due to aortocaval fistula. Because diastolic volume is increased in this model and thereby provides a stretch on the microvasculature, our findings are consistent with those from other models of cardiac hypertrophy in which enhancement of mechanical factors is associated with angiogenesis.
In vivo Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Optical Diffusion Tomography Imaging of Targeted Drug Delivery to Tumors

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and optical diffusion tomography (ODT) are used for imaging a model for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery to a tumor in a mouse. Experimental and simulation results are presented.
Direct Adaptive Control for Aircraft Control Surface Failures During Gust Conditions

We extend a recent direct model reference adaptive controller for multi-input multi-output plants with loss of control effectiveness failures to include bounded input disturbances. We prove that all signals are bounded for loss of control effectiveness failures during a bounded input disturbance. We present a new theorem which removes the restriction in earlier work that limits the failures to a 50% loss of control effectiveness. We apply our algorithm to a three input model of the linearized lateral dynamics of the F/A18 aircraft. We simulate both single and triple control effectiveness failures during a lateral gust condition. Our results show that the adaptive controller exhibits improved model following as compared to a fixed gain eigenstructure assignment controller.
Abstract 986: Metabolic changes in ovarian cancer progression and mediation by sphingosine: The MOSE model

It is well established that tumor cells have an altered metabolic phenotype. Otto Warburg first demonstrated increased rates of glycolysis and decreased rates of oxidative phosphorylation in late-stage malignant cancer cells. It is however, unclear as to when, during the malignant progression of cancer cells, this switch takes place, what processes are involved, and the potential of these changes to serve as therapeutic targets for clinical intervention trials. Because of the late diagnosis that is associated with ovarian cancer, it is particularly imperative to identify when cellular changes are occurring to develop more efficacious detection and treatment strategies. We used our recently developed and characterized mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cancer cells, spontaneously transformed in cell culture and progressed over time from a benign to a highly malignant phenotype both in vitro and in vivo, to study metabolic changes in the distinct disease stages. As ovarian cancer progresses from early to late stages, there were marked decreases in complete oxidation of both glucose and fatty acids. This was concurrent with increases in lactate excretion and 3H-deoxyglucose uptake by the late-stage cancer cells compared to the benign cells. Together, these metabolic changes shift the cells towards a more glycolytic phenotype. Additional studies revealed that these changes were accompanied by increases in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and citrate synthase activity, indicating an increase in de novo fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Treatment of the MOSE cells with 1.5 μM sphingosine, a potent growth inhibitory and cytotoxic sphingolipid metabolite, partially reversed the glycolytic phenotype, decreasing citrate synthase activity and increasing citric acid cycle flux. The Seahorse Bioscience XF Analyzer was used to determine if the observed metabolic changes during MOSE progression are the result of mitochondrial function impairment. Both basal and uncoupled oxygen consumption rates (OCR) decreased as cancer progressed. OCR changes were partially restored after sphingosine treatment. The decreases in mitochondria OCR were supported by decreases in gene and protein expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins as determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Taken together, our data confirm metabolic changes during progression and identify the stage specificity of these changes. These results validate the use of the MOSE cell model as an effective model for studying metabolic changes in cancer cell progression and the use of sphingosine as a chemotherapeutic agent to mediate these metabolic changes. Supported by NIH CA118846 to EMS and PCR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 986. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-986
DETECTING INTERNAL INCONSISTENCIES IN DISTANCE DATA

Phylogenetic trees, derived from distance measures, may be of variable reliability due to variance in the quality of the data sets from which they are produced. Such trees, therefore, are of questionable value as a means of summarizing large data sets. To improve our confidence in these trees, a jackknife technique is presented that, in combination with existing consensus techniques, identifies those portions of evolutionary history that are poorly known due to inconsistencies in the data. Such trees more accurately represent the results of a study than do current tree-generating algorithms that obscure areas of uncertainty. The approach is a simple modification of existing tree-generating methods. As an illustration, a biochemical data set is analyzed using this technique. (Tree reliability; jackknifing; consensus trees; UPGMA; Wagner trees.) Phylogenetic trees, branching sequenc-
Adolescent Development: An Application to the Model of Human Occupation

Adolescence is a period of development considered by most to be transitory. It is often viewed as filled with storm, rebellion, and conflict. Although the profession of occupational therapy has developed special practice areas and generated research in the areas of pediatrics and gerontology, little focus in our literature has been placed on adolescents and their special needs in development and treatment. This paper presents an overview of normal development in adolescence. The model of human occupation is used as structure to organize research from other fields to provide therapists with useful guidelines for treatment.
Learning inadmissible heuristics during search

Suboptimal search algorithms offer shorter solving times by sacrificing guaranteed solution optimality. While optimal search algorithms like A* and IDA* require admissible heuristics, suboptimal search algorithms need not constrain their guidance in this way. Previous work has explored using off-line training to transform admissible heuristics into more effective inadmissible ones. In this paper we demonstrate that this transformation can be performed on-line, during search. In addition to not requiring training instances and extensive pre-computation, an on-line approach allows the learned heuristic to be tailored to a specific problem instance. We evaluate our techniques in four different benchmark domains using both greedy best-first search and bounded suboptimal search. We find that heuristics learned on-line result in both faster search and better solutions while relying only on information readily available in any best-first search.
Microbiological Safety of Blue and Cheddar Cheeses Containing Naturally Modified Milk Fat.

Milk containing naturally modified fat was obtained by feeding lactating dairy cows a Control diet and two experimental diets containing either extruded soybeans or sunflower seeds. Milk from cows fed the experimental diets contained higher levels of both long chain (C18-C18:2) and unsaturated fatty acids than the milk from cows fed the Control diet. Each milk was pasteurized, standardized to 3.6% milk fat, and inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (strains Scott A and V7), Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella senftenberg, before manufacturing into Blue or stirred-curd Cheddar cheeses. Populations of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were monitored during manufacture and aging using Oxford and Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate agars, respectively. During the manufacture of Blue and Cheddar cheese, and during the aging of Blue cheese, behavior of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in the experimental cheese was similar to the Control cheese. During aging of Cheddar cheese, the rate and extent of decline o...
Vitamin D attenuates the adverse effect of advanced glycation end products on human granulosa cells: implications for women with PCOS

VITAMIN D ATTENUATES THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS ON HUMAN GRANULOSA CELLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN WITH PCOS. Z. Merhi, A. Fadiel, E. Buyuk, F. Naftolin, M. Cipolla. Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore M, Bronx, NY; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
Development of new methods for studying nanostructures using neutron scattering

The goal of this project was to develop improved instrumentation for studying the microscopic structures of materials using neutron scattering. Neutron scattering has a number of advantages for studying material structure but suffers from the well-known disadvantage that neutrons’ ability to resolve structural details is usually limited by the strength of available neutron sources. We aimed to overcome this disadvantage using a new experimental technique, called Spin Echo Scattering Angle Encoding (SESAME) that makes use of the neutron’s magnetism. Our goal was to show that this innovation will allow the country to make better use of the significant investment it has recently made in a new neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and will lead to increases in scientific knowledge that contribute to the Nation’s technological infrastructure and ability to develop advanced materials and technologies. We were successful in demonstrating the technical effectiveness of the new method and established a baseline of knowledge that has allowed ORNL to start a project to implement the method on one of its neutron beam lines.
Capillary Prolactin and Seizure Diagnosis

The validity of prolactin measurements using capillary blood in the diagnosis of epilepsy was tested in the Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Arrested Compression Tests on Two Types of Sand

Silica sand and quartz sand were subjected to uniaxial loading and unloading at rates of 0.1/s and 0.0001/s. The particle size distribution was measured, and found to be significantly altered when peak strains were 10 % or greater. The loading modulus for silica sand was bilinear, and suggestive of elastic-plastic behavior, where the plastic part is due to void closure. On unloading, the modulus is close to the loading “elastic” value. Coral sand is softer than silica sand on loading, and the modulus is almost constant and much less than for silica sand. Both types of sand are recovered with a higher density than can be obtained with the starting particle mix. This suggests particles have crushed and filled some of the voids. Indeed, reduction of mean particle size is verified from post-test analysis. Coral sand, which has the greater reduction in void content, also exhibits increased particle breakup.
Management of Cystoid Macular Edema in Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with an estimated prevalence of one in 4,000 that is classically characterized by the progressive constriction of peripheral vision and a later deterioration of visual acuity. Central vision can be compromised earlier in disease, however, in the approximately 25% of patients that have cystoid macular edema. This poorly understood problem can thus significantly impair patient quality of life, particularly as available treatments have limited efficacy. We will review clinical features of retinitis pigmentosa-associated cystoid macular edema, potential causative mechanisms, and finally, evidence supporting currently employed therapies with emphasis upon which management strategies require further evidence-based evaluation.
The Force-Elongation Behavior of Web Fibers and Silks Forcibly Obtained from Orb-Web-Spinning Spiders

The force-elongation properties of web fibers produced by the major ampullate gland systems of four species of orb-web-spinning spiders have been determined and compared with the corresponding properties of fibers obtained from the same gland systems by forcible silking. Although all such fibers are highly variable in characteristics, on the average the former are possessed of rupture tenacities of the order of 80 g/tex and rupture elongations of 35%, a combination that gives them an extremely great resistance to failure in extension. There is some indication that fibers obtained by forcible silking without carbon dioxide-induced anesthesia are possessed of similar properties. But forcible silking under complete anesthesia results in the formation of fibers of lower tenacity and tends to produce an even greater variability in morphology and physical properties than is found among web mooring-line fibers from the same species.Techniques are described for the preparation of samples of these very small (3 to...
Access to Circulating Videos in Academic Libraries: From Policy Review to Action Plan

ABSTRACTStreaming video is becoming the preferred means of viewing video for consumers, but physical formats do continue to offer libraries certain advantages: greater variety of choice for patrons at a lower cost. Many academic libraries have invested heavily in DVD collections, and these videos may be housed in closed stacks that satisfy some stakeholders but that discourage use and do not meet student needs or expectations. This article provides a framework for deciding whether to open up a closed collection and uses the author's library's closed-stack collection as a case study.
Quantum memory with strong and controllable Rydberg-level interactions.

Quantum information processing requires long-storage time of quantum states, but this typically comes at the expense of their addressability. Here the authors developed a method that exploits interaction between Rydberg and ground states of an atom reporting fast state generation and long-term storage.
Frequently Occurring B-CLL Antibodies Recognize Apoptotic Cells That Expose Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA

Abstract B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a disease caused by the clonal expansion of a B lymphocyte expressing a unique monoclonal antibody (mAb) of a defined amino acid sequence. At least 27% of B-CLL patients share mAbs with very similar sequences, suggesting common antigen reactivity. A frequently occurring subset of B-CLL patients (at least 49 worldwide) carries an unmutated mAb with a nearly identical or stereotypic sequence that is characterized by a heavy (H) chain encoded by IGHV1-69, IGHD3-16, and IGHJ3 and a light (L) chain generally encoded by IGKV3-20. mAbs from this stereotypic subset (called subset 6) bind a characteristic cytoplasmic protein in human cells. We have recently shown that this protein is non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MYHIIA). Because MYHIIA is an intracellular protein, we hypothesized that MYHIIA becomes exposed on the cell surface during apoptosis, allowing the mAb of the B-CLL cell to interact with MYHIIA. In this report, we provide evidence that subset 6 mAbs recognize MYHIIA-containing apoptotic cell structures. Apoptosis of the human T cell line (Jurkat), either spontaneous, or induced by treatment with camptothecin was assessed phenotypically by nuclear DNA rearrangement revealed by immunohistochemical staining with propidium iodide (PI). Costaining with rabbit anti-human MYHIIA followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled donkey anti-rabbit IgG revealed that MYHIIA becomes exposed during apoptosis in structures distinct from those containing fragmented nuclear DNA. PI costaining with recombinant subset 6 B-CLL IgG1 mAb and FITC labeled goat anti-human-IgG antibody shows that this B-CLL mAb binds similar apoptotic structures. Finally, Jurkat cells stained with subset 6 B-CLL mAb as before and rabbit anti-human MYHIIA followed by Rhodamine Red labeled donkey anti-rabbit IgG demonstrate that the B-CLL mAb colocalizes with MYHIIA containing structures. To further study this observation, Jurkat cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry after staining with 7-AAD and Annexin V-Phycoerytherin (AV-PE). Costaining with anti-MYHIIA shows that anti-MYHIIA is exposed in both early (7-AAD+ AV-PE−) and late (7-AAD+ AV-PE+) apoptotic cells, but not in live (7-AAD−, AV-PE−) cells. Similarly, costaining with subset 6 B-CLL mAb demonstrates binding in both early and late apoptotic cells, but not live cells. Intriguingly, not all apoptotic Jurkat cells are MYHIIA+ or B-CLL mAb+. In summary, subset 6 B-CLL mAbs react with early and late apoptotic cells exposing MYHIIA. Reactivity with a specific apoptotic cell structure(s) may result in the maintenance and expansion of the leukemic clone.
Richard Rolle’s Eremitic Ontology

Rolle explores the relationship between eremitic being and the place of the hermit in the community by investigating the ontology of the divine. To experience God on earth it is contingent to place the hermit outside traditional structures. This requires the hermit to redefine space and time, as well as renegotiate the relationship between the hermit and the community. As is clear in Rolle’s work, the hermit is defined contra the community, but this does not mean that the hermit leaves the neighbor behind. The very ontological nature of love is integral in eremitic being, and, thus, Rolle spends much time in considering the being of love itself as a way to orient the hermit in the world, as well as, in time.
Challenges in Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Setting of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Abstract Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a recognized cause of secondary arthritis, which may eventually lead to total hip arthroplasty (THA). An understanding of the common acetabular and femoral morphologic abnormalities will aid the surgeon in preparing for the complexity of the surgical case. Methods We present the challenges associated with acetabular and femoral morphologies that may be present in the dysplastic hip and discuss surgical options to consider when performing THA. In addition, common complications associated with this population are reviewed. Results The complexity of THA in the DDH patient is due to a broad range of pathomorphologic changes of the acetabulum and femur, as well as the diverse and often younger age of these patients. As such, THA in the DDH patient may offer a typical primary hip arthroplasty or be a highly complex reconstruction. It is important to be familiar with all the subtleties associated with DDH in the THA population. The surgeon must be prepared for bone deficiency when reconstructing the acetabulum and should place the component low and medial (at the anatomic hip center), and avoid oversizing the acetabular component. Femoral dysplasia is also complex and variable, and the surgeon must be prepared for different stem choices that allow for decoupling of the metaphyseal stem fit from the implanted stem version. In Crowe III and IV dysplasia, femoral derotation/shortening osteotomy may be required. Many complications associated with THA in the DDH patient may be mitigated with careful planning and surgical technique. Conclusion Performed correctly, THA can yield excellent results in this complex patient population.
Resolution of the uncertainty in the kinetic mechanism for the trans-3-Chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase-catalyzed reaction.

trans- and cis-3-Chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase (CaaD and cis-CaaD, respectively) catalyze the hydrolytic dehalogenation of their respective isomers and represent key steps in the bacterial conversion of 1,3-dichloropropene to acetaldehyde. In prior work, a kinetic mechanism for the CaaD-catalyzed reaction could not be unequivocally determined because (1) the order of product release could not be determined and (2) the fluorescence factor for the enzyme species, E*PQ (where P = bromide and Q = malonate semialdehyde, the two products of the reaction) could not be assigned. The ambiguities in the model have now been resolved by stopped-flow experiments following the reaction using an active site fluorescent probe, αY60W-CaaD and 3-bromopropiolate, previously shown to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of CaaD, coupled with the rate of bromide release in the course of CaaD inactivation. A global fit of the combined datasets provides a complete minimal model for the reaction of αY60W-CaaD and 3-bromoacrylate. In addition, the global fit produces kinetic constants for CaaD inactivation by 3-bromopropiolate and implicates the acyl bromide as the inactivating species. Finally, a comparison of the model with that for cis-CaaD shows that for both enzymes turnover is limited by product release and not chemistry.
Antibodies as Carrier Proteins

Pre-existing antibodies against a drug substance can significantly alter the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug in the circulation. Rapid clearance, mediated by complement or Fc receptors, occurs for crosslinked immune complexes, but not for complexes containing only one or two antibodies. With antibodies functioning as carrier proteins, monovalent antigens may enjoy a prolonged circulatory half-life, as observed in the case of digoxin, insulin, and various interleukins. While such an effect should be highly sensitive to fluctuations in antibody affinity and titer, it may present a means of extending the circulation of potent but rapidly cleared therapeutic agents. This mini-review attempts to delineate the causal relation between the factors influencing antibody binding and the circulatory life of a therapeutic agent, be it a small drug or a macromolecule.
Transition metal doping of amorphous silica particles

Amorphous, homogeneously doped particles with 1–10 atomic percent (at%) nickel or zinc, smaller than 100 nm, were synthesized. Additionally, 20 at% nickel and zinc-doped silica particles were synthesized, although the particle size was > 300 nm. The coordination state of the metal in solution did not change with the ammonia or water concentrations used. Particle size was found to decrease with both increasing water and ammonia hydroxide concentrations. The NH4OH concentrations of 4.5 and 6.5 M used allowed the formation of ammine–transition metal complexes and the zeta potential to remain in a stable range, allowing for spherical, nearly monodisperse particle formation at high metal dopant concentrations.
EventFlowSlicer: a tool for generating realistic goal-driven GUI tests

Most automated testing techniques for graphical user interfaces (GUIs) produce test cases that are only concerned with covering the elements (widgets, menus, etc.) on the interface, or the underlying program code, with little consideration of test case semantics. This is effective for functional testing where the aim is to find as many faults as possible. However, when one wants to mimic a real user for evaluating usability, or when it is necessary to extensively test important end-user tasks of a system, or to generate examples of how to use an interface, this generation approach fails. Capture and replay techniques can be used, however there are often multiple ways to achieve a particular goal, and capturing all of these is usually too time consuming and unrealistic. Prior work on human performance regression testing introduced a constraint based method to filter test cases created by a functional test case generator, however that work did not capture the specifications, or directly generate only the required tests and considered only a single type of test goal. In this paper we present EventFlowSlicer, a tool that allows the GUI tester to specify and generate all realistic test cases relevant to achieve a stated goal. The user first captures relevant events on the interface, then adds constraints to provide restrictions on the task. An event flow graph is extracted containing only the widgets of interest for that goal. Next all test cases are generated for edges in the graph which respect the constraints. The test cases can then be replayed using a modified version of GUITAR. A video demonstration of EventFlowSlicer can be found at https://youtu.be/hw7WYz8WYVU.
Transportation mode choice among baby boomer visitors in national parks: Exploring the concept of freedom

Abstract This paper examines factors influencing shuttle bus ridership, with a particular focus on transportation freedom, among older visitors to Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI). It focuses on people born between 1946 and 1964, termed the baby boomer cohort. The national parks have looked to shuttle buses to provide greater visitors access while reducing traffic congestion, enhancing visitors’ experiences, and protecting park resources. Yet, older people are generally shown to be less likely to ride shuttle buses. Semi-structured qualitative interviews and rigorous content analysis of related transcripts resulted in insights and explanations for this among baby boomer park visitors. In contrast to existing literature, this study found that a relatively high number of baby boomers were utilizing the shuttle system. Many respondents noted how they appreciated the shuttle as an alternative to using their car, or simply walking. However, some respondents stated the reason they choose to use their own car in SEKI was to maintain freedom – the ability to stop wherever and whenever they liked. Some respondents mentioned how the shuttle bus system actually adds freedom by giving more possible ways to get around in the park. Parks could likely gain ridership from the baby boomer cohort, and others as well, by better communicating and marketing the benefits of using the shuttle. By using shuttle bus systems there is the potential for riders to hike more, see more, be more active, save money, be safer, and to focus more on the enjoyment of the parks themselves.
Enhancing Team-Based Skills in Primary Care: A Competency-Based Approach to Training and Workforce Development

Providers working with a team in primary care settings require training to develop the unique skills needed in an integrated, team-based environment. Training focuses on developing a core set of skills that prepares team members to address patient behavioral issues. The training enhances and complements the foundational skills related to the member’s distinct function on the team. Training and workforce development programs begin by assessing the learner’s level of need then supporting core competency development. Integrated, team-based training programs and courses are aligned to address the interdependence of the three worlds (i.e., clinical, operational, financial) of healthcare delivery.
Chronic cannabis use and circulating biomarkers of neural health, stress, and inflammation in physically active individuals

Previous research has associated cannabis use with altered circulating neurotrophins and biomarkers of immune health, but these relationships have yet to be fully explored in physically active indi...
Targeting cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions to enhance radiation efficacy for breast cancer treatment

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 1659 Background: Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to affect radiation response in several malignant cell lines, including breast cancer. β1 integrin is a critical mediator of cell-ECM interactions and has been implicated in multiple stages of cancer progression. β1 integrin mediated signaling has been shown to enhance cancer cell survival following radiation (Cordes, 2002). We have previously shown that ionizing radiation (IR) induces persistent and heritable changes in β1 integrin expression and distribution in human mammary epithelial cells cultured in a 3-dimensional laminin-rich culture (3D-rBM). To investigate how β1 integrin signaling modifies radiation response in the context of normal mammary epithelial cells and malignant cells, we tested the ability of β1 integrin inhibitory monoclonal antibody, AIIB2, to modify radiation effects in culture and in vivo. Methods: To model normal and malignant breast cells in their physiologic microenvironment, we propagated both non-malignant and tumorigenic breast cells in 3D-rBM. Non-malignant S1 cells form organized acinar structures while tumorigenic cell lines, T4-2, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 form disorganized, invasive colonies. To disrupt cell-ECM signaling via β1 integrin, β1 integrin inhibitory antibody, AIIB2 was added to cultures alone or 24 hours prior to a single administration of ionizing radiation at doses from 0-8 Gy. Cultures were assayed 48-72 hours after treatment for proliferation (by presence of Ki-67 nuclear antigen) and apoptosis (by TUNEL). To test the effects of these treatments in vivo, T4-2 xenografts were established in adult female nu -/- mice and given AIIB2 alone or in combination with single fractions of ionizing radiation (0-8 Gy). Tumors were evaluated for growth and for proliferation and apoptosis ex-vivo. Results: Inhibition of β1 integrin with monoclonal AIIB2 in combination with ionizing radiation increased the cytostatic effect in malignant tumors in 3D-rBM compared to antibody alone. In contrast, there was little effect on non-malignant cell line, S-1 in culture. In vivo, the combination of AIIB2 and IR had an increased cytostatic effect on T4-2 xenografts compared to AIIB2 alone with minimal toxicity. Conclusions: Malignant breast cell colonies are susceptible to decreased growth and increased apoptosis with β1 integrin inhibitory antibody and IR. In contrast, β1 integrin signaling in the context of normal tissue organization is refractory to β1 integrin inhibition and IR. The combination of β1 integrin inhibition using monoclonal antibody AIIB2 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of IR in malignant breast cancer and has potential for therapeutic clinical applications.
Chapter 11 – Relativistic Electrodynamics

Using the tensors of Chapter 10, Chapter 11 derives the electric and magnetic fields as derivatives of scalar and indexed vector potentials. Scalar and vector potentials are combined into a 4-potential. By double Lorentz transforming the derivative (a covector) and the 4-potential (a vector), the Lorentz transformation of the electric and magnetic fields is found and it is shown that the fields intertwine under that transformation. From the electrostatic Coulomb law of the electric field of a stationary charge, the chapter calculates the electric and magnetic fields of a uniformly moving charge. The Biot-Savart law of magnetism becomes a by-product of this calculation. The double indexed electromagnetic fields lead naturally to a matrix definition of the electromagnetic field tensor, from which the Lorentz force law arises naturally. As a relativistic application of the Lorentz force law, the physical principle behind a cyclotron is investigated and a relation between its size and the energy desired is obtained. Finally, the electromagnetic field tensor is used to compress the four Maxwell's equations into two and write them elegantly in terms of relativistic indices.
Rolling Mass for Wide bandwidth Vibration Energy Harvesting

The narrow bandwidth of MEMS vibration energy harvesting devices is considered a major challenge that limits the implementation of the devices into real-life applications. This paper reports on experimental validation of widening the bandwidth of a piezoelectric cantilever using a movable mass. The widening effect is caused from a change in center of gravity caused from movable metallic spheres. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the amount of movable mass by varying the number of spheres and the size of the spheres. The results demonstrated a significant increase in bandwidth from 1.8 Hz to 10.6 Hz for the control (no movable component) and eight embedded 10mm spheres respectively. Keeping the overall amount of movable mass to be similar but decreasing the size and increasing the number of spheres resulted in a further increase in bandwidth to 13.4 Hz.
Characteristics of Four External Criterion Measures

An external criterion measure is used to evaluate recovery of cluster structure by using information obtained from outside the clustering process (Sneath, 1969). The four criterion measures under consideration in the present study are the Rand (1971), corrected Rand (Childress, 1981; Morey, 1981), Jaccard (Downton and Brennan, 1980), and Fowlkes and Mallows statistic (1980). The Rand statistic is one of the earliest such measures and has been used extensively in Monte Carlo validation research (Milligan, 1981). The other three measures have been proposed more recently in an attempt to overcome some undesirable properties of the Rand index.
Dental Abscess to Septic Shock: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States, with a mortality rate in excess of 215,000 deaths per year. It may lead to septic shock, a complex pathophysiological process with microbial and host response events that progress to multisystem derangement. There is poor documentation of the relationship between dental infection and septic shock, with only a few case reports of septic shock secondary to dentoalveolar abscess. Presented is a case of sepsis/septic shock in a 23-year-old man with signs and symptoms of pulpal necrosis, acute apical abscess, and canine space infection that rapidly progressed to an altered mental state, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypotension, acute respiratory failure, diarrhea, renal insufficiency, lactic acidosis, leukocytosis, and hyperglycemia. Once septic shock develops, the mortality rate is nearly 50%. Early antimicrobial intervention is associated with surviving severe sepsis, making it critical for dentists to understand local factors leading to the crisis and the signs and symptoms of the sepsis–septic shock continuum.
Exaggerating the Effects of Janus: A Reply to Professors Baude and Volokh

In Janus v. AFSCME Council 31, the Supreme Court held public employers can no longer require employees to pay fair share fees, i.e., the employees' fair share of the costs unions incur in negotiating and administering labor contracts on the employees' behalf. This essay responds to an article by William Baude and Eugene Volokh, who argue that unions are likely retroactively liable for the agency fees that union-represented workers previously paid. We explain that public employee unions, as private membership organizations, are not state actors liable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.We then show that even if unions were found to be acting under color of law for purposes of section 1983, they would be entitled to qualified immunity as a defense because negotiating for fair share fees did not violate the constitution at the time unions negotiated fair share fee agreements and received fees. At the very least, unions are entitled to the separate defense of good faith immunity available to private actors who are sued under section 1983 for conduct undertaken in good faith in collaboration with government actors. Finally, we show that unions are not liable on state law theories. Qualified immunity is a defense only to claims for damages under federal law, and good faith immunity has likewise been applied only to claims for damages. For that reason, plaintiffs in the post-Janus fee recovery litigation have alleged state law claims and styled them as equitable. Some states (e.g., California) have eliminated such liability through legislation. Even in states that have not enacted such laws, however, we show that well-settled equitable principles foreclose liability. Finally, this essay responds to Baude and Volokh's argument that Janus endangers other mandatory fees imposed by the government, such as bar dues and public university student activity fees.
Tales of Two Regimes for Regulating Limited Liability Law Firms in the US and Australia: Client Protection and Risk Management Lessons

(2008). Tales of Two Regimes for Regulating Limited Liability Law Firms in the US and Australia: Client Protection and Risk Management Lessons. Legal Ethics: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 230-240.
Microbial Conversion of Lignin-Based Compounds into Carotenoids by Rhodococci

Lignin valorization is considered an integral part for an economically viable biorefinery. However, heterogenous nature of lignin imposes a big challenge for upgrading diverse lignin-derived intermediates and subsequent downstream processing. To overcome this challenge, we proposed to explore unique convergent pathways in Rhodococus strains to funnel lignin-derived compounds into single target products. A feasible bioprocess for co-production of lipids and carotenoids from lignin by Rhodococci was developed. This process would potentially extract more values from lignin via biological upgrading.