cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The incidence, diagnostic clinical manifestations and severity of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island children: The Starship experience (2000−2010):

ObjectivesTo describe the incidence, diagnostic clinical manifestations and severity of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) in a cohort of New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island children compared to European children.MethodsA chart review was conducted of children with jSLE seen by the Starship paediatric rheumatology and/or renal services between January 2000 and November 2010. Diagnostic clinical data and lupus nephritis data at anytime were collated while classic British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores were derived retrospectively.ResultsThirty-two children were diagnosed with jSLE with an annual incidence of 0.52 per 100,000 per year. Compared with European children (0.31 per 100,000 per year) the incidence of jSLE was higher among Maori and Pacific (0.67 per 100,000 per year, p = 0.06) and significantly higher among Asian children (1.17 per 100,000 per year, p = 0.01). Compared with European children, Maori and Pacifi...
Statistical reliability analyses of two wood plastic composite extrusion processes

Abstract Estimates of the reliability of wood plastic composites (WPC) are explored for two industrial extrusion lines. The goal of the paper is to use parametric and non-parametric analyses to examine potential differences in the WPC metrics of reliability for the two extrusion lines that may be helpful for use by the practitioner. A parametric analysis of the extrusion lines reveals some similarities and disparities in the best models; however, a non-parametric analysis reveals unique and insightful differences between Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the WPC industrial data. The distinctive non-parametric comparisons indicate the source of the differences in strength between the 10.2% and 48.0% fractiles [3,183–3,517 MPa] for MOE and for MOR between the 2.0% and 95.1% fractiles [18.9–25.7 MPa]. Distribution fitting as related to selection of the proper statistical methods is discussed with relevance to estimating the reliability of WPC. The ability to detect statistical differences in the product reliability of WPC between extrusion processes may benefit WPC producers in improving product reliability and safety of this widely used house-decking product. The approach can be applied to many other safety and complex system lifetime comparisons.
Analog optical processor architectures for sinusoidal signals

Analog optical processors are of interest because of their potentially large bandwidth and the ease with which one can implement addition. Processors for sinusoidal signals are a special case due to the advantages provided by representing them as a complex exponentials. The authors address some issues relevant to optical analog signal processors. It is shown that there are fundamental limitations on optical processors due to the quantum mechanical nature of light that links dynamic range, bandwidth and parallelism to the power required to implement the algorithm. Three well-known analog optical representations of signals are analyzed with respect to power requirements and cascadability, and it is concluded that a representation using four light beams provides the most straightforward implementation of complex arithmetic, requires the least power, and has the best S/N ratio for a cascade process. >
Construction of new synthetic biology tools for the control of gene expression in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002

Predictive control of gene expression is an essential tool for developing synthetic biological systems. The current toolbox for controlling gene expression in cyanobacteria is a barrier to more in-depth genetic analysis and manipulation. Towards relieving this bottleneck, this work describes the use of synthetic biology to construct an anhydrotetracycline-based induction system and adapt a trans-acting small RNA (sRNA) system for use in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. An anhydrotetracycline-inducible promoter was developed to maximize intrinsic strength and dynamic range. The resulting construct, PEZtet , exhibited tight repression and a maximum 32-fold induction upon addition of anhydrotetracycline. Additionally, a sRNA system based on the Escherichia coli IS10 RNA-IN/OUT regulator was adapted for use in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. This system exhibited 70% attenuation of target gene expression, providing a demonstration of the use of sRNAs for differential gene expression in cyanobacteria. These systems were combined to produce an inducible sRNA system, which demonstrated 59% attenuation of target gene expression. Lastly, the role of Hfq, a critical component of sRNA systems in E. coli, was investigated. Genetic studies showed that the Hfq homolog in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 did not impact repression by the engineered sRNA system. In summary, this work describes new synthetic biology tools that can be applied to physiological studies, metabolic engineering, or sRNA platforms in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002.
GPS spread spectrum signal transmission over fiber optic links

The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) has the capability to compute accurate receiver positions for a variety of space and Earth-based applications. An Earth-based application such as hazardous waste storage site deformation monitoring requires highly accurate, reliable, and routinely available positioning. These positioning needs motivated the development of a fiber optics GPS observational network (FOGON). The FOGON network would operate by placing GPS antennas at known geodetic locations and transmitting the received analog satellite signals along a phase stable fiber optic link to a central processing site. This central site would synchronize the data acquisition of the network and enable single difference operation, which is the strongest possible GPS observable data type. This paper presents the results of a hardware demonstration of the analog transmission of GPS spread spectrum signals over a 4.17-km fiber optic link and through an optical attenuator, with minimal degradation to GPS receiver operation. >
Sharpness of KKL on Schreier graphs

Recently, the Kahn-Kalai-Linial (KKL) Theorem on influences of functions on $\{0,1\}^n$ was extended to the setting of functions on Schreier graphs. Specifically, it was shown that for an undirected Schreier graph $\text{Sch}(G,X,U)$ with log Sobolev constant $\rho$ and generating set $U$ closed under conjugation, if $f : X \to \{0,1\}$ then $$\mathcal{E}[f] \gtrsim \log(1/\text{MaxInf}[f]) \cdot \rho \cdot {\bf Var}[f].$$ Here $\mathcal{E}[f]$ denotes the average of $f$'s influences, and $\text{MaxInf}[f]$ denotes their maximum. In this work we investigate the extent to which this result is sharp. We show: 1. The condition that $U$ is closed under conjugation cannot in general be eliminated. 2. The log-Sobolev constant cannot be replaced by the modified log-Sobolev constant. 3. The result cannot be improved for the Cayley graph on $S_n$ with transpositions. 4. The result can be improved for the Cayley graph on $\mathbb{Z}_m^n$ with standard generators. 5. Talagrand's strengthened version of KKL also holds in the Schreier graph setting: $$\mathrm{avg}_{u \in U} \{\mathrm{Inf}_u[f]/\log(1/\mathrm{Inf}_u[f]) \} \gtrsim \rho \cdot {\bf Var}[f].$$
Preparation of Uniform Metal Seed Arrays for Nucleation Studies

Electron-beam-induced deposition was used to create an ordered array of Pt seed clusters on a Au film onto which Cu was subsequently electrodeposited in the presence of additives. The Pt seed clusters were 25-30 nm diameter, positioned in square arrays of 200, 300, or 400 nm spacing, with overall dimensions of 5 × 5 μm. Electrodeposition was carried out in an acid sulfate bath containing additives. Image analysis methods were used to evaluate the probability of finding Cu nuclei at a given distance from a Pt seed cluster, as well as finding the nearest neighbor to any deposited Cu nucleus.
Cell polarity and the cytoskeleton in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote.

▪ Abstract The anterior-posterior axis of the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote forms shortly after fertilization when the sperm pronucleus and its associated centrosomal asters provide a cue that establishes the anterior-posterior (AP) body axis. In response to this cue, the microfilament cytoskeleton polarizes the distribution of a group of widely conserved, cortically localized regulators called the PAR proteins, which are required for the first mitotic division to be asymmetric. These asymmetries include a posterior displacement of the first mitotic spindle and the differential segregation of cell-fate determinants to the anterior and posterior daughters produced by the first cleavage of the zygote. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that polarize the one-cell zygote to generate an AP axis of asymmetry.
13C NMR spectra of some novel 2(5H)‐furanone and 3(2H)‐furanone derivatives

The 13C NMR spectra of a series of novel 2(5H)-furanones were studied. The assignments of the carbon resonances were made on the basis of chemical shifts, long-range carbon-hydrogen couplings, intarnal comparison and known reference sources.
Urodynamic studies in children who wet.

The value of urodynamic evaluation was assessed in children with diurnal and/or nocturnal enuresis without overt obstruction or neuropathy
Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: from gene mapping to gene function.

The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are complex diseases that are caused by an interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. Genetic susceptibility, in combination with external factors (e.g., dietary iodine), is believed to initiate the autoimmune response to thyroid antigens. Abundant epidemiological data, including family and twin studies, point to a strong genetic influence on the development of AITD. Various techniques have been used to identify the genes contributing to the etiology of AITD, including candidate gene analysis and whole genome screening. These studies have enabled the identification of several loci (genetic regions) that are linked with AITD, and in some of these loci putative AITD susceptibility genes have been identified. Some of these genes/loci are unique to Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and some are common to both diseases, indicating that there is a shared genetic susceptibility to GD and HT. The putative GD and HT susceptibility genes include both immune modifying genes (e.g., human leukocyte antigen, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and thyroid-specific genes (e.g., TSH receptor, thyroglobulin). Most likely these loci interact, and their interactions may influence disease phenotype and severity. It is hoped that in the near future additional AITD susceptibility genes will be identified and the mechanisms by which they induce AITD will be unraveled.
Race, age, and gender influences among clusters of african american and white patients with chronic pain

Abstract Racial and ethnic minorities, older people, and women are differentially affected by chronic pain. This study aimed to identify the experiences of adult African Americans and whites with chronic pain while identifying patient clusters on the basis of clinical characteristics as well as race, age, and gender influences within and between clusters. Three clusters of patients with chronic pain were identified within race, age, and gender categories: chronic pain syndrome, good pain control, and disability with mild syndrome. African American and younger patients experiencing chronic pain were more likely to present with chronic pain syndrome. African American patients presenting with chronic pain syndrome or disability with mild pain syndrome reported a higher disability than their counterparts. Older patients and women within the good pain control cluster reported a lower level of (1) pain and depression and (2) depression, respectively. Older patients presenting with a disability with mild syndrome also reported lower pain and depression. Despite similar physical, emotional, and pain characteristics, this study confirmed that the chronic pain experience differs across racial and age groups. Further study is necessary to evaluate how these factors influence pain services among an ethnically diverse population across the age continuum. Perspective This study found important racial and age-related variability in the symptom severity of patients with chronic pain presenting with similar physical, emotional, and pain characteristics to a tertiary care pain center. These findings have important clinical implications on chronic pain assessment and management.
Disassociation of the SV40 genome from capsid proteins prior to nuclear entry.

Background Previously, we demonstrated that input SV40 particles undergo a partial disassembly in the endoplasmic reticulum, which exposes internal capsid proteins VP2 and VP3 to immunostaining. Then, in the cytoplasm, disassembly progresses further to also make the genomic DNA accessible to immune detection, as well as to detection by an ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU)-based chemical reaction. The cytoplasmic partially disassembled SV40 particles retain some of the SV40 capsid proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3, in addition to the viral genome.
The analysis of oxide reliability data

Techniques for measuring gate oxide reliability, such as TDDB, voltage ramps, and current ramps, have existed for a long time, but many of these are applied qualitatively. We discuss here detailed aspects of analysis methods which can be applied to these techniques to make absolute reliability determinations. Along the way, we discuss important aspects such as failure rate based methodologies, band-bending corrections to measured gate voltages, active gate oxide area scaling, and quasi-static lifetime transformations.
Intelligent selection of hypothesis tests to enhance gross error identification

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a new technique to identify systematic measurement errors (i.e. biases) in process variables. This technique obtains high identification accuracy and computational speed by efficiently selecting a small subset of statistical hypothesis tests from a very large set using new selection criteria developed in this work. In this article the proposed technique is also evaluated and compared to a well known method in a fairly extenisve Monte Carlo simulation study. The proposed technique was found to be computationally faster and, as the variances of measurement errors decreased, significantly more accurate in identifying systematic errors.
The MyLifeBits lifetime store

Storage trends have brought us to the point where it is affordable to keep a complete digital record of one's life, and capture methods are multiplying. To experiment with a lifetime store, we are digitizing everything possible from Gordon Bell's life. The MyLifeBits system is designed to store and manage a lifetime's worth of data. MyLifeBits enables the capture of web pages, telephone, radio and television. This demonstration highlights the application of typed links and database features to make a lifetime store something that is truly useful.
Competency in computer instruction in Illinois Public Schools

Competency In Computer Instruction In Illinois Public Schools.Very few states have developed certification requirements for public school teachers of digital computing. Therefore it is not surprising that elementary and secondary school teachers have received limited computer training. This paper describes a series of workshops to be offered at Western Illinois University during 1979 leading to a “certificate of competency” for Illinois public school teachers. These workshops are designed to provide teachers and administrators with an introduction to the computing field. Topics will include computer literacy, instructional applications and techniques of digital computing, and teaching strategies and methods used in the instruction of computing within the public school environment.
Genetic variation in field and laboratory populations of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris

The predatory spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is an economically important and highly valued biological control agent. There is substantial information on the biology, ecology, behavior, and rearing of this stink bug. However, virtually nothing is known of its genetic variation, in natural or domesticated populations. To address this lacuna, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to assess the genetic variability of field and laboratory populations. Four AFLP universal primer combinations yielded a total of 209 usable loci. The AFLP results showed greater genetic variability between populations from Missouri and Mississippi (both USA), and relatively low variability within Missouri populations. We infer little genetic isolation among Missouri field populations and within laboratory populations, but a significant genetic isolation between Missouri and Mississippi populations.
HIV Knowledge Among a Longitudinal Cohort of Juvenile Detainees in an Urban Setting

The authors investigated HIV knowledge change among a cohort of juvenile detainees. Participants completed an HIV knowledge survey at baseline and up to 4 more times over 6 years. The authors calcu...
An Obama-Trudeau Agreement Conceding Canada's Claim to the Waters of the Northwest Passage? Not Likely

A recent op-ed advocates that President Obama and Canada's Prime Minister Trudeau enter into a bilateral treaty declaring the waters of the "Northwest Passage" across the Arctic waters of North America as "internal waters" of Canada, in order to prevent Russia from sailing warships through the waters. This article demonstrates why the United States is unlikely to agree to such a concession to Canada.
Erythrophagocytosis in bone marrow culture with relation to antagonism of pteroylglutamic acid.

SummaryBlood cell cultures grown in the presence of PGA-antagonists exhibited marked erythrophagocytosis by granulocytes when compared with cultures containing no antagonist or containing antagonist and PGA. It is suggested that PGA-deficiency might account for erythrophagocytosis observed in certain instances of anemia in humans and animals.
Panicle Feeding Resistance to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Relationship to Some Chemical Characteristics of Sorghum Accessions

Nineteen sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, accessions were compared with the standard commercial cultivar ‘Northrup King Savanna 5’ for hard-dough stage panicle resistance to feeding by larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The biological variables measured to determine the differential development of S. frugiperda on diets containing florets of the sorghum genotypes were larval and pupal weight, duration of the larval stage, time to adult emergence, survivorship, fecundity, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and relative fitness. The plant introductions IS1340C, IS2246C, IS2403C, IS2553C, IS2569C, IS2825C, IS3477C, IS6911C, IS7007C, IS7498C, IS8337C, IS12219C, IS12592C, IS12612C, IS12617C, IS12662C, IS12664C, IS12666C, and IS12683C were all found more resistant than ‘Northrup King Savanna 5’, which is the most resistant commercial genotype available. Resistance in IS1340C, IS2246C, IS2403C, IS2553C, IS3477C, IS6911C, IS7007C, IS7498C, IS12612C, IS12662C, IS12664C, and IS12666C was primarily due to factors in the glumes (including lemmas and paleas). Chemical components in the seed were mainly responsible for resistance in IS2825C, IS12617C, and IS12683C, whereas factors in both seed and glumes were responsible for the resistance shown by IS12219C and IS12592G. Resistance was significantly correlated ( r 2 > 0.50, P < 0.05, n = 16) with the concentration of acid detergent fiber and tannin in the seed.
Survival of Yellow Pecan Aphids and Black Pecan Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) at Different Temperature Regimes

Constant high temperature regime (30, 34, 37, and 40°C) for 1–5 h decreased mean survival of nymphal and adult stages of Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell and Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis) with increasing temperature and time of exposure. Constant low-temperature regime (0, 6, 12, and 15°C) decreased aphid survival with decreasing temperatures and increasing time of exposure. A temperature by aphid interaction was observed, with the greatest mortality being at the extreme high (37 and 40°C) and low (0 and 6°C) temperatures. Aphid stages showed differences in tolerance to all temperature levels. Third and fourth ins tars and adults of both species withstood a wide range of temperatures better than first and second instars under either regime. M. pecanis tolerated low temperatures better than M. caryaefoliae , but at high temperatures, M. caryaefoliae was more tolerant. Air temperature fluctuations within a pecan tree were measured during July with temperature probes. Air temperature was slightly higher at the edge of the tree crown than near the trunk, otherwise temperatures were very uniform within the tree crown for a given hour of the day.
Physical and Psychological Symptom Biomechanics in Moderate to Advanced Heart Failure

Background: There is a common dissociation between objective measures and patient symptomatology in heart failure (HF). Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between cardiac biomechanics and physical and psychological symptoms in adults with moderate to advanced HF. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from 2 studies of symptoms among adults with HF. Stepwise regression modeling was performed to examine the influence of cardiac biomechanics (left ventricular internal diastolic diameter, right atrial pressure [RAP], and cardiac index) on symptoms. Results: The average age of the sample (n = 273) was 57 ± 16 years, 61% were men, and 61% had class III or IV HF. Left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (β = 4.22 ± 1.63, P = .011), RAP (β = 0.71 ± 0.28, P = .013), and cardiac index (β = 7.11 ± 3.19, P = .028) were significantly associated with physical symptoms. Left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (β = 0.10 ± 0.05, P = .038) and RAP (β = 0.03 ± 0.01, P = .039) were significantly associated with anxiety. There were no significant biomechanical determinants of depression. Conclusion: Cardiac biomechanics were related to physical symptoms and anxiety, providing preliminary evidence of the biological underpinnings of symptomatology among adults with HF.
Heyse, Johann Christoph August (1764–1829)

Johann Christian August Heyse's (1764–1829) work proceeded from the assumption that the appropriate instruction zum reinen und richtigen Sprechen, Lesen und Schreiben der deutschen Sprache has to go hand in hand with a strong emphasis on what is indigenous in the German language. Foreign elements have to be identified and explained as well as replaced, wherever possible, by native words. Most of his publications became important tools as textbooks used in various school types and exerted a dominating influence for many decades. His creativity was largely restricted to the pedagogic scene, but he ably utilized the linguistic knowledge of his time in his writings.
A Proposal for Using the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Framework to Manage Service Delivery Systems

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is proposed as a framework that service managers can use to evaluate internal service and service employee performance. This paper suggests that organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) are critical to delivering quality service. The OCB theoretical framework, which describes responsibilities and rights for employers and employees, provides a model for evaluating and modifying employee behaviors that affect Provider Gap 3, the discrepancy between service design standards and service delivery.
Collecting participatory art at the Denver Art Museum

Participatory art is a contemporary movement requiring viewers to take an active part in the artwork, by means ranging from interaction with materials to creative contribution. Artistic developments in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, such as political and social engagement, led to the rise of participatory practices. Concurrently, museums have reacted to falling attendance and cultural shifts by seeking to create more engaging experiences for visitors. At the Denver Art Museum, this has led to an increased interest in displaying and collecting participatory art. Through case studies of works in the collection of the Denver Art Museum, Walking in Venus Blue Cave (2001) by Ernesto Neto and ?Being Home? (2009) by Rupprecht Matthies, this paper explores the conservation of participatory artworks in museum collections, including their maintenance on display, long-term preservation of their interactive nature, and the possibility of involving communities in conservation actions and decision-making.
Single-Site Osmium Catalysts on MgO: Reactivity and Catalysis of CO Oxidation.

MgO-supported osmium dioxo species, described as Os(=O)2 {-Osupport }1 or 2 (the brackets denote O atoms of the MgO surface), formed from Os3 (CO)12 via supported Os(CO)2 , and characterized by spectroscopy, microscopy, and theory, react with ethylene at 298 K to form osmium glycol species or with CO to give osmium mono- and di-carbonyls. Os(=O)2 {-Osupport }1 or 2 is the precursor of a CO oxidation catalyst characterized by a turnover frequency of 4.0×10-3 (molecules of CO)/(Os atom×s) at 473 K; the active species are inferred to be osmium monocarbonyls. The structures and frequencies calculated at the level of density functional theory with the B3LYP functional bolster the experimental results and facilitate structural assignments. The lowest-energy structures have various osmium oxidation and spin states. The results demonstrate not only new chemistry of the supported single-site catalysts but also their complexity and the value of complementary techniques used in concert to unravel the chemistry.
Community-Led Economic Initiatives with Sex Workers: Establishing a Conceptual Framework for a Multidimensional Structural Intervention

Commercial sex workers are at significant risk of contracting HIV. Scholars have identified economic insecurity and the exploitation resulting from it as structural vectors of HIV risk for this community. While community-led structural interventions have successfully reduced HIV risk with sex workers, economic structural interventions remain under-utilized and under-studied in this population. The few existing economic interventions described in the literature are limited to individual interventions and do not adopt a community-led structural intervention approach. We conduct a literature review to examine the connections between economic insecurity and sex worker HIV risk, the limitations of existing economic interventions with sex workers, and the evidence in support of HIV structural interventions with sex workers. We then develop a conceptual framework for a community-led structural economic intervention model that would enable sex workers to negotiate the socio-political and economic barriers that increase their HIV vulnerability. Specifically, we articulate an economic structural intervention model which stands on three pillars: (1) a meaningful community ownership, (2) a multilevel (individual, community, socio-political) intervention approach, and (3) a commitment to empowering sex workers as workers, rather than an orientation that seeks to rescue them from sex work through alternative income generation.
Forum2: Reflections on a String Educator's Journey:

This paper was presented upon receiving the Outstanding String Researcher award at the 2015 ASTA National Conference in Salt Lake City, Utah. It offers reflections on one string educator's ongoing ...
Guest Back-Folding: A Molecular Design Strategy That Produces a Deep-Red Fluorescent Host/Guest Pair with Picomolar Affinity in Water

One of the major goals of modern supramolecular chemistry, with important practical relevance in many technical fields, is the development of synthetic host/guest partners with ultrahigh affinity and selectivity in water. Currently, most association pairs exhibit micromolar affinity or weaker, and there are very few host/guest systems with Ka > 109 M–1, apparently due to a barrier imposed by enthalpy/entropy compensation. This present study investigated the threading of a water-soluble tetralactam cyclophane by a deep-red fluorescent squaraine guest with flanking polyethylene glycol chains, an association process that is dominated by a highly favorable enthalpic driving force. A squaraine structure was rationally designed to permit guest back-folding as a strategy to greatly expand the hydrophobic surface area that could be buried upon complexation. Guided by computational modeling, an increasing number of N-benzyl groups were appended to the squaraine core, so that, after threading, the aromatic rings co...
Health Care and Societal Costs of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Despite significant technological advances and increasing survival of premature infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be the most prevalent major morbidity in surviving very low-birthweight infants. Infants with BPD are often sicker, require longer stays in the NICU, and accumulate greater hospital costs. However, care of the infant with BPD extends beyond the time spent in the NICU. This article reviews the costs of BPD in the health-care setting, during the initial hospitalization and beyond, and the long-term neurodevelopmental impact of BPD, as well as the impact on a family caring for a child with BPD.
An experimental investigation of the effects of the compliant joint method on feedback compensation of pre-sliding/pre-rolling friction

Abstract Mechanical bearings (i.e., sliding and rolling bearings) are widely used for motion guidance in precision positioning stages due to their low cost, large motion range and high off-axis stiffness. They are also finding increasing use in ultra-precision positioning, e.g., for low-cost and long-range nanopositioning in vacuum environments. However, mechanical-bearing-guided motion stages suffer from nonlinear pre-motion (i.e., pre-sliding/pre-rolling) friction which adversely affects their precision and motion speed in both tracking and point-to-point positioning applications. A compliant joint method has recently been proposed for simple, accurate and robust feedforward compensation of pre-motion friction in tracking motions, with excellent results. This paper experimentally investigates the influence of the compliant joint method on feedback compensation of pre-motion friction, which is critical to achieving fast settling in point-to-point positioning. It shows using a model-free (PID) controller that, for the same feedback gains, the mechanical-bearing-guided motion stage equipped with compliant joints exhibits much more linear closed loop dynamics and higher bandwidth compared to the traditional motion stage without compliant joints. The compliant-joint-equipped stage also has much faster settling time in point-to-point positioning experiments for most step motions tested, except for one particular step size where it settles slower than the traditional mechanical-bearing-guided motion stage due to the compliant joint dynamics. With the addition of an inverse-model-based disturbance observer to the PID controller, the settling time of the stage with compliant joints becomes uniformly much faster than the traditional mechanical-bearing-guided motion stage; its robustness and stability margins are also shown to be superior to those of the traditional mechanical-bearing-guided motion stage.
Indirect Planetary Perturbations of the Moon

In 1905 Brown published a paper “On a general method for treating transmitted motions and its application to indirect perturbations.”.
Phenomenalist Logic and Knowledge

In the last chapter the chief point presented was the relationship of ‘philosophy’ to what Grote calls the ‘scale of sensation’ Let us briefly survey what was presented in that chapter, and then show its relation to ‘phenomenalist logic and knowledge’ before dealing specifically with the latter — the subject of the present chapter.
Multiple Device Open Circuit Fault Diagnosis for T-Type Multilevel Inverters

This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for multiple switches' fail in a single or multi phases of T-Type multilevel inverters. Average current park vector method-based algorithm utilizes three-phase output current of the inverter to detect faults and their locations. This load independent method has been used to find a faulty switch in single phase of different converters. This paper extends the average current park vector method to find and locate multiple faults in multi-phases of T-Type multi-level converters.
Practical constraints to timber management among African American owners of heir property.

Abstract Managing timberland can increase productivity and income for owners, but serious constraints to meeting these or other goals face owners of heir property. The term heir property is used to describe property owned as an undivided interest among heirs of an original owner who died without a probated will. Heirs may be numerous, span multiple generations and geographies, and have very different connections to the land. Heir property is a common phenomenon among African American landowners in the southeastern United States (“South”), a region where timberland represents over 60 percent of total land use. Because owners are numerous, title to the land is considered “clouded,” limiting access to government programs and commercial credit that could be used to engage in the many activities (e.g., stand establishment, fertilization, prescribed burning, thinning, harvesting, replanting) associated with timberland management. We use available data to estimate that over one million acres of timberland in the South are owned as heir property. We document the financial costs and the specific obstacles likely to be encountered by heir property owners, including long time horizons associated with timberland management and the likelihood that heir owners representing different generations may not agree on how to manage the property. We propose a set of policy changes that state and federal government agencies could consider to increase productivity and income for heir property owners while improving overall forest health.
User Centered Design Strategies for Improving Visualization of Sensor Data in Rotorcraft Cockpit Displays for Degraded Visual Environment Operations

Degraded Visual Environments (DVE) can be deadly for rotorcraft pilots. Increasingly the risks of DVE operations are mitigated through visualizing environmental hazards using advanced sensing technologies. Often times DVE occurs during periods of high workload, further increasing the risk to both pilots and aircraft. With advanced sensing capabilities comes better information but also the risk of information overload, attentional tunneling, and better external situation awareness (SA) at the expense of situation awareness for aircraft state. The present paper discusses a user centered design (UCD) approach that blends several common methodologies to soliciting user feedback on early sensor data visualization concepts. This paper will discuss the results and implications of this particular UCD effort and provide a viewpoint on UCD for military systems, and how this approach may differ from UCD conventions established in other industries.
EVALUATION OF LOCALIZED INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS SECONDARY TO INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF ENROFLOXACIN IN STRIPED BASS (MORONE SAXATILIS)

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone widely used in animals including fish. Intramuscular (IM) injection of enrofloxacin is a feasible and efficacious option for drug delivery. In many species IM injection has been associated with injection site reactions and increases in serum muscle enzymes. Injection site reactions have not been well characterized in fish. Three groups of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) received an IM injection of enrofloxacin 2.27% in the right epaxial musculature 24, 48, or 96 hr prior to evaluation. Mean dose was 7.69 mg/ kg (6.14-9.69 mg/kg). The 24- and 48-hr groups received an injection of equal-volume 0.9% saline in the left epaxial musculature. A corresponding noninjected tissue sample was designated in the left epaxial musculature from each fish of the 96-hr group. Fish were euthanized and injection sites and noninjection control sites were evaluated grossly and histologically. Grades 1-4 were assigned to samples, with grade 1 corresponding to normal tissue and grades 2, 3, and 4 corresponding to mild, moderate, and severe inflammation and/or necrosis respectively. Externally, all control and injection sites appeared visually unremarkable. On cut surface, epaxial muscle of the enrofloxacin-injected tissue appeared moderately to severely hemorrhagic compared to saline and noninjected tissue, which was normal or mildly hemorrhagic. Histologically, eight of eight noninjected tissues were grade 1. For saline-injected tissues, 14 of 16 tissues were grade 2 and 2 samples were grade 3 when 24- and 48-hr groups were combined. For enrofloxacin-injected tissues, 8 of the 8 24-hr samples were grade 3 and 16 of the 16 48- and 96-hr samples were grade 4. These data show that IM injection of enrofloxacin 2.27% is associated with severe hemorrhage, necrosis, and inflammation in striped bass, and may negatively affect animal welfare.
Cost-effective treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia for an undocumented and uninsured New York City patient: a case report

New York City has a heterogeneous population with many undocumented and uninsured immigrants from equatorial areas who have a higher incidence of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented selection of this cost-effective treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (the use of absolute ethanol along the corneal margin, primary excision, double freeze-thaw cryopexy, and primary conjunctival closure) for an undocumented and uninsured New York City patient. A 35-year-old man from Ecuador presented to a New York City emergency department due to worsening discomfort of a long-standing left eye pterygium. A slit-lamp examination of the left eye demonstrated a nasally located conjunctival mass measuring 6 × 8 mm extending onto the cornea (3 mm superiorly and 6 mm inferiorly on the cornea). Histological diagnosis confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in situ arising from the pterygium. Surgical excision with adjunctive absolute alcohol with additive double freeze-thaw cryopexy was performed. Our patient has remained free of tumor recurrence at year 2 postoperative visit. Our case highlights the need to choose a cost-effective treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in an at-risk population among undocumented and uninsured patients. Areas in the world with similar types of populations or treatment challenges may need to consider this approach as a primary treatment option.
Moral Hazard Under Contagion

We study dynamic partnerships where the output evolves stochastically, each player can exit at any time, and players who have exited continue to enjoy some benefits of the partnership. We analyze the contagion of defections and show that severe contagion facilitates cooperation among players by deterring free-riding. The unique equilibrium features a curse of productivity, namely, a larger output of the partnership may harm all players by exacerbating free-riding. Another main finding is that a partnership's ability to sustain cooperation is non-monotonic in its size.
Sacred Matters: Religion and Spirituality in Families

1. Overview and Main Ideas in Sacred Theory. 2. Forgiving. 3. Asking and Seeking. 4. Sacrificing. 5. Loving Others. 6. Aspects of Loving. 7. Coping with Disagreements. 8. Coping with Undesirable Behavior. 9. Loving God. 10. Generations. 11. Morality. 12. Psychosocial Aspects. 13. Relationships with Other Perspectives. 14. Researching Sacred Matters. 15. Methods.
When is Topic Avoidance Unsatisfying

Despite theoretical arguments that avoiding certain topics can be functional, there is consistent evidence that avoiding topics tends to be associated with dissatisfying relationships. This disparity between theory and empirical findings suggests a need to understand better the connection between topic avoidance and relational dissatisfaction. The current study, which is grounded in communication privacy management theory (Petronio, 2002), examines this issue by investigating moderators of the connection between avoidance and dissatisfaction. Data were gathered from 114 parent–child dyads and 100 heterosexual dating couples. Results suggested that the associations between topic avoidance and relational dissatisfaction were moderated by individuals’ motivations for avoidance and by personal and relational characteristics that are conceptually linked to such motivations. These findings are consistent with theoretical arguments that topic avoidance can be benign—and even helpful—in some relational circumstances.
A high power, high efficiency millimeter-wave pseudomorphic HEMT

A pseudomorphic HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) with record output power and high efficiency at 44 GHz has been developed. The 0.15 mu m gate-length, 900 mu m gate-width device generates 500 to 700 mW of output power with power-added efficiencies ranging from 22 to 30%. Moreover, the devices are producible: DC yields for these large gate-width HEMTs are 50-80% and uniformity of electrical characteristics is excellent. Reliability aspects of the device are discussed and the results of high-temperature DC life testing of pseudomorphic power HEMTs are reported. >
Continuous Monitoring of Fish Population and Behavior by Instantaneous Continental-Shelf-Scale Imaging with Ocean-Waveguide Acoustics

Abstract : The long-term goals of this program are to (1) instantaneously detect, image and spatially chart fish populations over continental-shelf scales, (2) continuously monitor the areal densities and behavior of these fish populations over time, and (3) remote species classification, using a novel audible frequency acoustic system (300-5000Hz) referred to as Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS). The OAWRS ability to assess biological and behavioral characteristics at entire-population scales with high spatio-temporal resolution is an important technological step forward, and represents a new approach in the study of marine ecology and ecosystem-based fisheries management. The primary objectives of this proposal are: 1) Conduct a major multi-institutional offshore oceanographic experiment to explore the population distributions and behavior of living marine fish in the Gulf of Maine on and near Georges Bank with the new OAWRS technology. 2) To specifically monitor the temporal and spatial population densities of herring, a fish of major ecological and commercial importance, on the northern flank of the Georges Bank, where they are known to congregate in large quantities. 3) To test this new OAWRS technology with simultaneous line-transect methods using both conventional fish finding sonar (CFFS) and directed capture sampling with nets. 4) To use the OAWRS technology in conjunction with an official US National Marine Fisheries Service Survey, in particular the Annual Herring Survey in Georges Bank and the Gulf of Maine, to enable quantitative comparison. 5) To investigate the limits of taxonomic resolution inherent to the OAWRS system, and to use OAWRS imagery to assess the taxonomic limits of more conventional systems that rely upon sparse line-transect surveys that significantly under-sample fish populations in time and space.
Images of Edo: reinterpreting “Japanese history” and the “buraku” through community-based narratives

AbstractIn contemporary Japan, people labeled as “burakumin” (‘hamlet people’) are commonly described as the descendants of Tokugawa-era outcasts of Japan, who were engaged in special occupations (e.g., leather industry, meat packing, street entertainment, drum making) and compelled to live in separate areas. Despite the heterogeneity of these populations, determination of “buraku origin” (buraku shusshin) has remained fixed over time and is based on one’s birth, former or current residence in a buraku, and engagement in the buraku industries. This paper illustrates representations of the buraku through local and community-based initiatives and narratives. It explores the short story “Yomigaetta Kurobe” (‘Resurrected Kurobe’) by Kawamoto Yoshikazu and the role and activities of the Archives Kinegawa Museum of Education and Leather Industry, located in Kinegawa in Sumida Ward (Tokyo) with a special focus on children’s participation. By reinterpreting the “Edo tradition,” activists, educators, children, and...
Disaster Relief and Governance After the Indian Ocean Tsunami: What Role for International Law?

The tsunami in the Indian Ocean at the end of 2004 has produced heightened scrutiny of how international disaster relief is supplied and governed. This scrutiny connects to arguments by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies that more effective and efficient disaster relief requires the significant development of international law on disaster relief. This commentary analyses the historical and current relationship between international law and disaster relief and challenges the arguments that more international law on disaster relief is needed.
Regulation of GSH in alphaA-expressing human lens epithelial cell lines and in alphaA knockout mouse lenses.

PURPOSE To study the mechanism of regulation of GSH in HLE-B3 cells expressing alphaA-crystallin (alphaA) and in alphaA knockout mouse lenses. METHODS GSH levels and maximal rates of GSH synthesis were measured in immortalized, alphaA-transfected HLE-B3 cells containing varying amounts of alphaA. The mRNA and protein for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), were also determined in alphaA- and mock-transfected cells by Northern blot analysis and Western blot analysis of heavy (GCS-HS) and light (GCS-LS) subunits. The effect of absence of alphaA and alphaB on lens GSH concentrations was evaluated in whole lenses of alphaA knockout and alphaB knockout mice as a function of age. GCS-HS mRNA and protein were determined in young, precataractous and cataractous alphaA knockout lenses. RESULTS GSH levels were significantly higher in HLE-B3 cells expressing alphaA- compared with mock-transfected cells and were correlated positively with alphaA content. Mean rate of GSH synthesis was also higher in alphaA-expressing cells than in mock controls (0.84 vs. 0.61 nmol. min(-1) per mg protein, respectively). GCS-HS mRNA and GCS-LS mRNA were approximately twofold higher in alphaA-expressing cells, whereas the heavy and light GCS subunit proteins increased by 80% to 100%. In alphaA(-/-) mouse lenses, GSH level was not different from that of wild type up to 2 months from birth, after which it dropped to approximately 50% of controls. On the other hand, GCS-HS and GCS-LS proteins showed a significant decrease before cataract formation as early as 15 days after birth. GSH level in cataract-free alphaB(-/-) lenses was similar to that of wild type for up to 14 months. CONCLUSIONS Expression of alphaA caused an increase in cellular GSH, in part, because of an increase in mRNA and protein of both GCS subunits. GSH levels decreased with increasing age in cataractous alphaA(-/-) lenses but not in the noncataractous alphaB(-/-) lenses. It is suggested that neonatal precataractous lenses (with normal GSH and decreased GCS) may maintain their GSH level by other compensatory mechanisms such as increased GSH transport.