cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Signal Representation

The representation of signals in the time domain requires the decomposition of functions of time into linear combinations of a finite number of basis functions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a stochastic approximation algorithm, which, given an ensemble of signals \{f(t)\} , selects from a set S that subset S_{m} of m basis functions that best represents the elements of the ensemble. In this context the optimum representation is defined as the basis set S_{m} , which minimizes the expected value of a suitable performance index Q , defined as a function of both the basis S_{m} and the random signal f(t) . In particular, Q is here assumed to be the least-square error that may be achieved when the signal f(t) is approximated by a linear combination of the elements of S_{m} . The procedure is analyzed in detail for the case when the basis functions are one-sided complex exponentials. The convergence properties of the algorithm are discussed for this case. An illustrative example of application of the proposed method is also presented.
Community of Struggle: Gender, Violence, and Resistance on the U.S./Mexico Border

Using 10 women's narratives, participant observation, archival research, and a focus group, this article analyzes women's social activism in a settler community in northern Mexico near the border. I argue that women's activism and emerging political consciousness provides a lens through which women critique structural violence and intimate partner violence and that ultimately provides new women-centered subjectivities. This article contributes to gender and social movements literature by examining the generation of a political consciousness engendered from women's grounded experience of living on the U.S./Mexico border. Furthermore, despite the unique sociopolitical conditions of the border, this article demonstrates that border residents have the agency to challenge, and more importantly, change their situation.
Androgen modulates N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐mediated depolarization in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells

Previously, research elucidating steroid hormone actions in the central nervous system has focused on their role in sexual reproduction and maintaining homeostasis. The hippocampus is a target of steroid modulation and is involved in the development of emotional behavior and memory storage. Area CA1 of the hippocampus contains a high density of androgen receptor (AR) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. NMDA receptors underlie excitatory synaptic transmission and excitotoxicity in CA1 neurons. The effects of AR activation on the neurophysiology of hippocampal pyramidal neurons is unknown. Standard intracellular recording techniques in hippocampal slices were used to investigate the effects of the non-aromatizable androgen, 5-α-dihydrotestosterone-proprionate (DHTP), on CA1 pyramidal cell characteristics and NMDA receptor-mediated responses. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were unoperated, sham-operated (SHAM), gonadectomized (GDX), or gonadectomized with DHTP replacement therapy (GDX + DHTP). Neuronal AR was saturated by DHTP treatment as determined by binding studies and immunocytochemistry. Chronic DHTP treatment increased the action potential duration and decreased the fast afterhyperpolarization (fAHP) amplitude. To test the effect of DHTP on glutamate receptor-mediated responses, hippocampal slices were exposed to increasing concentrations of NMDA. In pyramidal cells from SHAM and GDX-treated animals, 30 μM NMDA induced an irreversible depolarization; the membrane potential of pyramidal cells from GDX + DHTP-treated animals recovered to baseline. The effect of DHTP was time dependent, implicating protein synthetic mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate that androgens can influence pyramidal cell characteristics and neurotransmitter-evoked actions in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mitomycin C as an adjunct to postoperative radiation therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Results from two randomized clinical trials

Purpose: This study was undertaken to assess the benefit of mitomycin C as an adjunct to postoperative radiation therapy in patients with operable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Methods and Materials: Between May 1980 and May 1991, 182 patients have been enrolled in two consecutive randomized clinical trials testing mitomycin C as an adjunct to radiation therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In both trials, patients were stratified by stage, disease site and intent of therapy. This subset analysis includes 113 patients entered into these two randomized trials treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. In the first trial, patients were randomized to receive standard postoperative radiation therapy alone compared with postoperative radiation therapy with concomitant mitomycin C. In the second trial, patients were randomized to postoperative radiation therapy or postoperative radiation therapy with concomitant mitomycin C plus dicoumarol. Results: As of November 1991, the 113 patients treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy in both trials had a median follow-up of 93 months. There have been a total of 12 local recurrences in the radiation therapy alone arm compared to 0 local recurrences in the radiation therapy/mitomycin C arm. There were eight regional recurrences in the radiation therapy alone arm compared with five regional recurrences in the mitomycin C arm. Patients in the mitomycin C arm experienced a superior 5-year actuarial local regional control rate (87% vs. 67%, p < .015) and a statistically significant disease-free survival benefit (67% vs. 44%, p < .03). Overall survival difference between the two arms (56% vs. 41%) has not reached statistical significance. Conclusions: We conclude from these prospectively designed randomized clinical trials that in patients with operable head and neck cancer treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy, concomitant administration of mitomycin C with radiation therapy will result in a statistically significant disease-free survival and local regional control benefit. We are currently investigating the value of other bioreductive alkylating agents as adjuncts to radiation therapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
The use of free resources in a subscription-based digital library: a case study of the North Carolina AHEC Digital Library

The North Carolina (NC) Area Health Education Center's (AHEC) Digital Library (ADL) is a web portal designed to meet the information needs of health professionals across the state by pulling together a set of resources from numerous different sources and linking a pool of users to only the resources for which they have eligibility. Although the ADL was designed with the primary purpose of linking health care professionals to a set of licensed resources, the ADL also contains a significant number of links to free resources. These resources are available to any ADL member logging into their ADL account and to guest visitors to the ADL. While there are regular assessments of the subscription resources in the ADL as to utility and frequency of use, up until this point there has been no systematic analysis of the use of the overall set of free resources. It was decided to undertake an examination of the usage of ADL free resources over a 6-month period to analyze the utility of these resources to both ADL members and guests. Each time a resource is accessed through the ADL, it is logged in a table. This study used a SQL query to pull every free resource accessed between November 1, 2005 and April 30, 2006. An additional query also pulled the user information for each free resource accessed. Once the queries of the database were complete, the results were imported into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using basic descriptive statistics. The vast majority of resource use through the ADL is to licensed resources. There are 2056 free resource URLs in the ADL, to which 1351 were linked out, meaning there was at least one link out to 65% of the free resources. The single most popular free resource was PubMed with 4803 link outs or nearly 20% of the total link outs to free resources. The breakdown of free resource use by different use groups indicates that the highest percentage of use of free resources was by guests followed by institutional affiliates and AHEC Faculty/Staff. The next 3 highest user groups accessing free resources are: paid members, preceptors, and residents. The only free resource capturing a significant number of link outs is the free link to PubMed. This reflects the importance placed on traditional medical literature searching by the ADL clinical user base. Institutional affiliates access free resources through the ADL with the second highest frequency of all the user groups. Finally, in analyzing use of free resources, it is important to note the overall limitations of this survey. While link outs are excellent indicators of frequency of use they do not provide any information about the ultimate usefulness of the resource being accessed. Further studies would need to examine not only the quantitative use of resources, but also their qualitative importance to the user.
Managing residual contaminants—reuse and isolation case studies

Contaminants remaining onsite after regulatory-approved environmental remediation operations are complete represent continued risk to human health and the environment. Many sites require continued management efforts to: (1) protect the integrity of the engineered remedy/control, (2) limit the exposure of individuals to residual contamination by limiting reuse activities, (3) maintain ready access to accurate records/information, and (4) protect against vulnerabilities from intentional threats/actions. This article presents performance information from selected case studies to provide insight into various management approaches employed for addressing the risks associated with residual contaminants. The case studies involve sites remediated within the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act framework and illustrate two prevailing management approaches for addressing the risks. Sacrifice zones are sites that are purposefully isolated to prevent human access onto the property. Reuse sites provide limited access for specific use. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementing fault-tolerant replicated objects using Psync

Psync is an IPC protocol that explicitly preserves the partial order of messages exchanged among a set of processes. A description is given of how Psync can be used to implement replicated objects in the presence of network and host failures. Unlike conventional algorithms that depend on an underlying mechanism that totally orders messages for implementing replicated objects, the authors' approach exploits the partial order provided by Psync to achieve additional concurrency. >
Improving the quality of protein similarity network clustering algorithms using the network edge weight distribution

Motivation: Clustering protein sequence data into functionally specific families is a difficult but important problem in biological research. One useful approach for tackling this problem involves representing the sequence dataset as a protein similarity network, and afterwards clustering the network using advanced graph analysis techniques. Although a multitude of such network clustering algorithms have been developed over the past few years, comparing algorithms is often difficult because performance is affected by the specifics of network construction. We investigate an important aspect of network construction used in analyzing protein superfamilies and present a heuristic approach for improving the performance of several algorithms. Results: We analyzed how the performance of network clustering algorithms relates to thresholding the network prior to clustering. Our results, over four different datasets, show how for each input dataset there exists an optimal threshold range over which an algorithm generates its most accurate clustering output. Our results further show how the optimal threshold range correlates with the shape of the edge weight distribution for the input similarity network. We used this correlation to develop an automated threshold selection heuristic in order to most optimally filter a similarity network prior to clustering. This heuristic allows researchers to process their protein datasets with runtime efficient network clustering algorithms without sacrificing the clustering accuracy of the final results. Availability: Python code for implementing the automated threshold selection heuristic, together with the datasets used in our analysis, are available at http://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/Research/cytoscape/threshold_scripts.zip. Contact: tef@cgl.ucsf.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bartonella spp antibodies and DNA in aqueous humour of cats.

Bartonella spp antibodies were measured in the serum and aqueous humour of cats with and without uveitis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Bartonella spp DNA was performed on aqueous humour from most of the cats. Serum and aqueous humour were assayed from 49 client-owned cats with uveitis, 49 healthy shelter cats, and nine cats experimentally inoculated with either B henselae or B clarridgeiae, 454 days after inoculation. An aqueous antibody coefficient (C value) was calculated for cats positive for Bartonella spp antibodies in the aqueous humour. Ocular production of Bartonella spp IgG (C value >1) was detected in seven of 49 cats with uveitis, none of 49 healthy shelter cats, and four of nine experimentally inoculated cats. The organism was detected by PCR in the aqueous humour of three of 24 cats with uveitis, one of 49 healthy shelter cats, and four of nine experimentally inoculated cats. Bartonella spp infect the eyes of some cats following natural exposure or experimental inoculation and may cause uveitis in some cats.
Design strategies in multiple sclerosis clinical trials

After analysing our natural history data on the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) in more than 500 patients followed for 20 years and our experience in several therapeutic trials, we concluded that a phase III (full) trial for efficacy should have certain properties. For a power of 0.8, α of 0.05, and attrition rate of 10% per year, we think the trial should have a minimum sample size of 130 (65 in each arm; placebo versus active) if the design is based upon the proportion of subjects worsening by clinical measures
A deformation transformer for real-time cloth animation

Achieving interactive performance in cloth animation has significant implications in computer games and other interactive graphics applications. Although much progress has been made, it is still much desired to have real-time high-quality results that well preserve dynamic folds and wrinkles. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid method for real-time cloth animation. It relies on data-driven models to capture the relationship between cloth deformations at two resolutions. Such data-driven models are responsible for transforming low-quality simulated deformations at the low resolution into high-resolution cloth deformations with dynamically introduced fine details. Our data-driven transformation is trained using rotation invariant quantities extracted from the cloth models, and is independent of the simulation technique chosen for the lower resolution model. We have also developed a fast collision detection and handling scheme based on dynamically transformed bounding volumes. All the components in our algorithm can be efficiently implemented on programmable graphics hardware to achieve an overall real-time performance on high-resolution cloth models.
Cesarean section by fritsch's technic with a report of sixty consecutive cases without mortality

Abstract Sixty cesarean operations were done in fourteen years: 58 by Fritsch's method, 2 premature cases by vaginal section; as emergencies 49, by election 11; conservative Fritsch's 45; Porro's 13; recovered mothers 60, living children 56; indications: placenta previa and premature separation 11; narrow pelvis, absolute and relative 37; outspoken eclampsia 7; nephritis (apoplexy) 3; obstructing fibroma and hydrocephalus each 1.
Small but Mighty: Selected Commensal Bacterial Species Determine the Effectiveness of Anti-cancer Immunotherapies

Commensal microorganisms influence malignant progression by altering systemic inflammation. New data from two groups (Vetizou et al., 2015; Sivan et al., 2015) indicate that the abundance of specific commensal bacterial species enhances the anti-cancer activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Relationships of Lateral Dominance to Scores of Motor Ability and Selected Skill Tests

Abstract The study reports an investigation of the incidence of the various laterality preferences among college women, and the relationships of lateral dominance to general motor ability and to skills test scores in archery, badminton, bowling, and tennis. The results indicate that the majority of college women have definite lateral preferences; that women who have mixed eye, hand, and foot dominance are superior in motor ability to those who have homolateral or contralateral preference; that laterality seems to be of importance in activities stressing accuracy of direction toward a fixed target.
Compact thermal modelling of LED lamps of the classic A type

The increasing power density of electronic devices may reach the physical limits of heat dissipation. Thus it is useful to check this for any new design. Therefore, a highly simplified compact thermal model was developed for Classic A type LED lamps. The model allows checking the thermo-physical feasibility of a new design. The influence of geometrical design parameter variations can easily be tested. Model results are compared with measurements and with CFD simulations.
How People Write Together Now: Exploring and Supporting Today's Computer-Supported Collaborative Writing

Collaborative writing has become increasingly common now. I revisit this research topic because both the tools and people's skills have changed. In my dissertation project, I use both qualitative and quantitative research methods to investigate how people write together now. I have also built information visualization systems to complement existing research methods. By understanding what practices and tools people use in collaborative writing, I propose design implications for system designers to improve the tools, as well as collaboration guidelines for people to write together better.
The National Laboratories - Past and future

The National Laboratories in the United States represent a significant investment of resources, facilities, and trained people. These laboratories have made sizable contributions in the past. However, the role of America's univesities and industry in the technology innovation process has changed in recent years. In addition, the process itself is undergoing change. To maximize the contributions of the National Laboratories to technological advances and the economic vitality of the country, partnerships must be developed between America's National Laboratories, universities, and industry.
Auto-immunity and Rheumatic Fever: Some Immunopathologic and Epidemiologic Considerations

Immunopathologic studies of tissues and serum of patients with rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease have indicated that immunoglobulin deposits in heart tissue may derive from auto-immunity. Serologic studies demonstrating a streptococcal antigen cross-reactive specifically with heart tissue suggest that streptococcal infection may serve for induction of autoantibodies to heart in susceptible persons.
Colonic ectasias and lower intestinal bleeding

In the past half century, primacy as the presumed cause of most lower intestinal bleeding in the elderly patient has been attributed in turn to neoplasia, diverticulitis, and diverticulosis. Improved diagnostic techniques have, in recent years, permitted a literally closer look—making it clear that minuscule vascular ectasias of the right colon may account for the majority of bleeds.
Use of health care services by persons with panic symptoms

Objective Patients with panic symptoms are heavy users of the health care system, although many do not seek care specifically for those symptoms. This study documents utilization of various sources of health care of subjects with panic symptoms, including those who met criteria for panic disorder and those with infrequent panic, distinguishing between use specifically for panic symptoms and use for reasons not related to panic. Methods This community-based sample, predominantly Mexican American and female, included 97 subjects with panic symptoms and 97 matched control subjects with no panic symptoms. Data were collected on two-month utilization of various sources of health care both within and outside the mainstream health care system, barriers to access to care, and levels of medical insurance coverage. Results Subjects with panic symptoms had higher utilization rates for the services of psychiatrists and psychologists and for ambulance services than control subjects. Subjects who met criteria for panic disorder and who sought care specifically for panic symptoms generally accounted for the differences between the group with panic symptoms and the control group. The two groups differed little in barriers to access, but the control group reported that their medical insurance covered more types of services. Conclusions Compared with control subjects, subjects with panic symptoms reported higher rates of health care utilization despite having less insurance coverage and experiencing similar barriers to access. The higher rate was due to increased utilization of health care by subjects who met criteria for panic disorder and to help seeking specifically for symptoms of panic.
The Quaternary of Wisconsin: A review of stratigraphy and glaciation history

Publisher Summary Wisconsin was glaciated several times during the Quaternary and lies well north of the maximum extent of Quaternary glaciations. However, the Driftless Area of south-western Wisconsin remained unglaciated even though areas to the south were glaciated several times. Glacial, periglacial, alluvial, and aeolian sediments from pre-Illinoian, Illinoian, and Wisconsinan Glaciations are present, but age control for all except Late Wisconsinan events is limited to palaeosols and palaeomagnetic data. The chapter reviews that glacial sediment covers approximately three fourths of the 145,000-km2 land surface in Wisconsin. Ice flowing from three major source regions deposited sediment. Ice from the Labradoran ice dome to the north-east flowed out of the Superior lowland and deposited red tills with Precambrian basalt, banded iron formation and red sandstone erratics. Labradoran ice flowing out of the Green Bay and Lake Michigan lowlands deposited calcareous tills whose grain size was strongly influenced by proglacial lakes within those lowlands. Wisconsin provides an ideal laboratory for evaluating how the complex sedimentology, stratigraphy, and landform distribution reflect past ice dynamics. The chapter summarizes the glacial history of Wisconsin and suggest areas of future research that would aid reconstruction of the region's glacial history.
Later Life and Legacy of John Bates Clark

John Bates Clark is remembered as the premier American economist of the latter half of the 19th century and the turn of the 20th century. While his status was eclipsed by Irving Fisher once Clark’s academic production declined in the 1910s, he is credited with bringing the rigors of the emerging European neoclassical school from Britain and Germany to the United States. In doing so, he more completely fleshed out the production side of the neoclassical equation and was instrumental in creating the foundations for what we now know as the theory of the firm.
The proto-chromatosome: A fundamental subunit of chromatin?

Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into regularly spaced nucleosomes, resembling beads on a string. Each bead contains ∼147 bp wrapped around a core histone octamer. Linker histone (H1) binds to the linker DNA to drive chromatin folding. Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion studies reveal 2 mono-nucleosomal intermediates: the core particle (∼147 bp) and the chromatosome (∼160 bp; a core particle with additional DNA protected by H1). We have recently developed an improved method for mapping nucleosomes, using exonuclease III to remove residual linker (MNase-Exo-seq).1 We discovered 2 new intermediate particles corresponding to core particles with ∼7 bp of linker protruding from one side (∼154 bp) or both sides (∼161 bp), which are formed in the absence of H1. We propose that these “proto-chromatosomes” are stabilized by core histone-DNA contacts in the linker, ∼7 bp from the nucleosome boundaries. These contacts may determine the topography of the H1 binding site.
Eosinophilia in infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in Japan

Abstract Background Many Japanese infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) show eosinophilia, which has been thought to be a characteristic of food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP). Methods To elucidate the characteristics of eosinophilia in Japanese FPIES patients, 113 infants with non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy due to cow's milk were enrolled and classified into FPIES (n = 94) and FPIP (n = 19). Results The percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils (Eo) was increased in most FPIES patients (median, 7.5%), which was comparable with that in FPIP patients (9.0%). Among FPIES patients, Eo was the highest in patients who had vomiting, bloody stool, and diarrhea simultaneously (12.9%) and lowest in patients with diarrhea alone (3.2%). Eo showed a significant positive correlation with the incidence of vomiting (Cramer's V = 0.31, p p 10 days, n = 38) FPIES (median, 9.8% vs. 5.4%; p p p Conclusions This study demonstrated two types of eosinophilia in Japanese FPIES infants: conspicuous and mild eosinophilia in early- and late-onset FPIES patients, respectively. Conspicuous eosinophilia in early-onset FPIES is suggested to be caused by abnormally high IL-5 production.
Lifestyle Medicine: Making the Choices Clear?

Patients are often not aware of the reversibility of chronic lifestyle-related diseases and most physicians are not telling them. The present practice of communicating treatment effectiveness with relative risk reductions does not allow clinicians or patients to evaluate the relative effectiveness of our technotherapies or lifestyle interventions. Clinicians should use the clarity of “number needed to treat,” “number needed to harm,” and absolute risk in communicating with patients about all available therapies and then empower the patient to make the choices that fit their needs best.
Creating Communities: A Consortium Model for Early Childhood Leaders.

The current paper describes an urban university-anchored but community-based consortium of early childhood centers and community partners in a large Midwestern US city. The goal of the Consortium i...
Breaking Implicit Trust in Point-of-Care Medical Technology: A Cyber-Physical Attestation Approach

Digital microfluidics biochips are an emerging technology that are increasingly being evaluated as a viable platform for rapid diagnosis and point-of-care field deployment. In such a technology, processing errors are inherent. Cyber-physical digital biochips offer higher reliability through the inclusion of automated error recovery mechanisms that can reconfigure the electrode array. The potential exists for attack on these systems by confusing the reconfiguration activity. Recent research has begun to explore security vulnerabilities of digital microfluidic systems. In this work we use the Multiple Security Domain Nondeducibility (MSDND) framework to explore vulnerabilities that exist due to implicit trust. Specifically we examine Stuxnet-type threats that result in the disruption of information flow paths, and how creating beneficial paths will prevent threats from "hiding" behind Nondeducibility.
Abstract SY28-02: Connections in the BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway of homologous recombination: Implications for breast cancer development and treatment

The breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, mediates homologous recombination (HR) via its direct interaction with the Rad51 recombinase. There is ample genetic and biological evidence that BRCA1 and BRCA2 are functioning in the same pathway of DNA repair, but the functional connection between the two proteins is poorly understood. Interestingly, a mutation of BRCA1 (S988A) localized normally to ionizing radiation induced nuclear foci (IRIF), but the BRCA2 protein could not be recruited to BRCA1 at the damage site. Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at the S988 site is carried out by Chk2, which was also required for BRCA2 to localize to sites of DNA damage and support homologous recombination. These observations suggest that CHK2-BRCA1-BRCA2-Rad51 function in a single pathway of homologous recombinational repair to prevent the development of breast cancer. In familial breast cancer, one allele of BRCA1 or BRCA2 is germline mutant and the second allele is inactivated to allow tumor development. Thus, loss of function of BRCA1/BRCA2 is a tumor-specific finding, making the role of alternative repair pathways in these cells critical for their survival. We show that loss of Rad52 function is synthetic lethal with BRCA2 deficiency, whereas there is no impact on cell growth in BRCA2-complemented cells. The frequency of both spontaneous and double-strand break-induced homologous recombination, and ionizing radiation induced Rad51 foci, decreased by greater than 50%, when Rad52 was depleted in BRCA2-deficient cells, with no effect in BRCA2-complemented cells. Ionizing radiation-induced and S-phase associated Rad52-Rad51 foci form equally well in the presence or absence of BRCA2, indicating that Rad52 can respond to DNA double strand breaks and replication stalling independently of BRCA2. The observation that Rad52-inactivation is synthetic lethal with BRCA2 and that Rad52 acts independently of BRCA2 makes Rad52 a target for therapy in these tumors. Finally, we have evidence that the BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway can be functionally inactivated in sporadic breast cancer, suggesting that the pool of patients with defects in homologous recombinational repair is larger than initially expected. Citation Format: Simon N. Powell. Connections in the BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway of homologous recombination: Implications for breast cancer development and treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY28-02
Electromechanical impedance-based damage identification enhancement using integrated bistable and adaptive piezoelectric circuitry

The electromechanical impedance-based damage identification approaches have shown excellent potential in identifying small-sized structural defects, while maintaining simplicity in implementation. ...
Fundamental Concepts and Definitions

It has been known for about a century that a ferromagnetic rod, if subjected to a magnetizing field, changes its length as well as its magnetization; and if subjected to tension, changes its magnetization as well as its length. In other words, there is interaction between magnetic and elastic processes. Other and more complicated forms of the interaction are also well known. The general term for this class of phenomena is magneto elastic interaction or, more briefly, magnetostriction.
Perceptions of recess and the effects of a morning recess break on the oral reading fluency of second grade students

Perceptions of Recess and the Effects of a Morning Recess Break on the Oral Reading Fluency of Second Grade Students
Revisionist look at solvophobic driving forces in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: II. Partitioning vs. adsorption mechanism in monomeric alkyl bonded phase supports

The partitioning and adsorption mechanisms of retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) were examined based on the free energy of transfer of a methylene group from organic aqueous mixtures to bulk hexadecane. Retention on monomeric bonded phases with octyl chains or longer are dominated by a partitioning-like mechanism. An adsorption-like mechanism contributes to retention in monomeric bonded phases with short bonded chains or with low surface coverage density. The retention mechanism becomes more adsorption-like as the length of the bonded chains decrease.
Multiple Benzyladenine Applications Increase Shoot Formation in Nandina

Abstract A study conducted from 2000 to 2002 determined the effects of multiple applications of benzyladenine (BA) applied at different concentrations on shoot formation, whole plant size, and phytotoxicity in Nandina domestica Thunb. In 2000, shoot counts increased in ‘Harbour Dwarf’ by up to 107% and 480% as the number of weekly BA applications at 2500 and 5000 ppm, respectively, increased to five. Likewise, the number of shoots per plant increased as BA rate increased. In response to five weekly foliar BA applications in 2001 and 2002, the number of new shoots on ‘Harbour Dwarf’ increased linearly 10-fold over the control as BA rate increased to 5000 ppm in 1250 ppm increments. In 2002, shoot formation increased linearly by up to six additional shoots per plant with increasing BA rate in ‘Harbour Dwarf’ and quadratically by up to two additional shoots per plant in ‘Firepower’ by 90 days after initial treatment (DAT) with five applications of up to 5000 ppm BA. Shoot formation in the tall, upright culti...
Chapter 1.: Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Practice in College Mental Health

This lead off article to the special volume on evidence-based psychotherapy (EBP) in college and university counseling and mental health centers presents an overview of the topic and outlines the structure of this publication. A focus on EBP research and practice generally, and in institutions of higher education specifically, is provided for depression, anxiety, eating, and alcohol use disorders, as well as a special chapter on training in EBP through college and university-based practicum and internship programs. The special volume ends with a chapter summarizing common concerns and issues identified about the applicability of EBPs to college mental health and presents recommendations for current and future evidence-based practice and research in college counseling center contexts.
A new adaptive fractional sliding mode control of a MEMS gyroscope

The Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscope is a well-known device, which has been widely used in medicine due to its small size. In this study, a new adaptive fractional integral sliding mode controller is proposed for control of a MEMS gyroscope. The goal is to achieve an appropriate control method that includes high tracking performance and robustness against external disturbances. The fractional order integral sliding mode controller gains will be updated by a new adaptive law. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated by simulation results. Results show that the adaptive fractional integral sliding mode control controller successfully tracked the desired trajectory in comparison with the fractional integral sliding mode control method. The Lyapunov theory is used in order to show that the adaptive fractional integral sliding mode control is stable.
Chapter 5 – Comparison of the Chi Equation to Measurements

The chapter establishes the fact that the chi plot is an excellent analytical description of various standard curves. It is questionable whether those standard curves that do not follow the chi plot are free from multiple energies of adsorption or from microporosity. The disjoining theory or standard plot application is used to analyze various adsorption experiments, including heat of adsorption, microporosity, mesoporosity, and heterogeneity. The chapter presents some predictions and preliminary evidence to prove that these predictions are correct. Additional details concerning the fit of the standard curves, regardless of these problems, are also mentioned in the chapter. The chapter outlines the comparison of standard isotherms, multiplane adsorption, heat of adsorption, adsorption of more than one adsorbate, and statistical comparisons of other isotherms to the chi plot. The advantage of chi theory over other standard curve methods is that the standard is internal—that is, the energy of adsorption is calculated directly from the specific adsorbent sample being investigated rather than from a simulated sample.
Thomas Jefferson’s Complicated Friends

Scholar Maurice Jackson has written about prominent Quakers like abolitionist Anthony Benezet as having embraced European and American ideals of natural rights and that the Quaker examples of abolition and charity in the eighteenth century were examples of enlightened leadership. Jacquelyn C. Miller noted that even non-Quakers like Benjamin Franklin sought to identify with “Quaker philosophy” and embrace some of the leading Quaker values as exemplifying liberal capitalism and incorporating enlightenment ideas. Within Quaker enlightenment can also be found the instinct to protest publicly as well as the ability to raise controversial issues by not pushing their confrontation in an aggressive manner. But this paper looks at the issue of whether Quaker relationships with their ethical consequences with former US President, primary author of the US Declaration of Independence, and founder of the University of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson, in personal interactions, writing, and/or employment, did go far enough given in business and personal ethics some Quakers worked with Jefferson to oversee or supply products for Jefferson’s slave plantation.
Kurze Prozesse in der Autolackierung

Neue Lackier-Konzepte reduzieren die Zeit, die fur die Lackierung eines Autos benotigt wird, erheblich. Das EcoConcept macht die Fullerschicht uberflussig. Dadurch lasst sich der komplette Lackierprozess verkurzen. Wenn thermisch hartende Klarlacke durch DualCure- beziehungsweise UV-hartende Klarlacke ersetzt werden, kann das die Ofenzeit von 20 auf zehn Minuten reduzieren — bis hin zu nur wenigen Sekunden.
Familial correlates of US preschooler physical activity

The preschool years set a precedent for lifelong habits integral to health. This research brief investigated how familial correlates within a household context, such as television use, BMI, and fee...
Profit-Maximizing Media Bias

We present a model of the market for news with rational consumers and profit-maximizing media outlets in which media bias arises endogenously in equilibrium. Our model relaxes assumptions commonly made in the literature that restrict the number of signals a media outlet can communicate to their consumers and the number of news sources accessible by the latter. This leads to novel behavioral implications on the part of the consumers, which, in turn, provides new insights into how media bias depends on the industrial organization of the market for news and the effects of government imposed fairness standards that restrict the degree of bias of individual news sources. Our model is consistent with findings by recent empirical studies that establish relationships between media bias, consumer ideology, and news consumption patterns. It also provides an explanation for documented historical variation in media bias in the U.S. market that is based on changes in the news consumption costs and the intensity of competition. Our policy analysis demonstrates the perverse effects government imposed fairness standards may have when media outlets are profit-maximizing. Specifically, such policies can lead to Pareto inferior outcomes for consumers and can cause some consumers to consume overall more biased bundles of news reports.
Nonlowness independent from frequent mind changes

It was recently shown that the computably enumerable (c.e.) degrees that embed the critical triple (Downey, Greenberg, Weber 2007) and the M3 lattice structure (Downey, Greenberg 2015) are exactly those that change their minds sufficiently often. Therefore the embeddability strength of a c.e. degree has much to do with the degree's mind change frequency. Nonlowness is another common measure of degree strength, with nonlow degrees expected to compute more degrees than low ones. We ask if nonlowness and frequent mind changes are independent measures of strength. Downey and Greenberg (2015) claimed this to be true without proof, so we present one here. We prove the claim by building low and nonlow c.e. sets with an arbitrary number of mind changes. We base our proof on our direct construction of a nonlow low2 array computable set. Such sets were always known to exist, but also never constructed directly in any publication.
439. Iclaprim Use for Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (ABSSSI) is Not Associated with Hyperkalemia: Phase 3 REVIVE Studies

Background Trimethoprim inhibits sodium channels in the distal portion of the renal tubule, thereby impairing renal potassium excretion. Trimethoprim has been associated with a greater risk of hyperkalemia compared with other antibiotics (amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, cefalexin, ciprofloxacin). An analysis of Phase 3 studies was conducted to determine whether iclaprim, under development for ABSSSI and also a selective bacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor like trimethoprim, is associated with hyperkalemia, relative to vancomycin, an antibiotic not associated with hyperkalemia.
Kidney Function Decline among Black Patients with Sickle Cell Trait and Sickle Cell Disease: An Observational Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease are thought to be independent risk factors for CKD, but the trajectory and predictors of kidney function decline in patients with these phenotypes are not well understood. METHODS Our multicenter, observational study used registry data (collected January 2005 through June 2018) and included adult black patients with sickle cell trait or disease (exposures) or normal hemoglobin phenotype (reference) status (ascertained by electrophoresis) and at least 1 year of follow-up and three eGFR values. We used linear mixed models to evaluate the difference in the mean change in eGFR per year. RESULTS We identified 1251 patients with sickle cell trait, 230 with sickle cell disease, and 8729 reference patients, with a median follow-up of 8 years. After adjustment, eGFR declined significantly faster in patients with sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease compared with reference patients; it also declined significantly faster in patients with sickle cell disease than in patients with sickle cell trait. Male sex, diabetes mellitus, and baseline eGFR ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were associated with faster eGFR decline for both phenotypes. In sickle cell trait, low hemoglobin S and elevated hemoglobin A were associated with faster eGFR decline, but elevated hemoglobins F and A2 were renoprotective. CONCLUSIONS Sickle cell trait and disease are associated with faster eGFR decline in black patients, with faster decline in sickle cell disease. Low hemoglobin S was associated with faster eGFR decline in sickle cell trait but may be confounded by concurrent hemoglobinopathies. Prospective and mechanistic studies are needed to develop best practices to attenuate eGFR decline in such patients.
Basic Stability and Small-Gain Tools for System Synthesis

This chapter reviews some basic notions of stability, including Lyapunov stability and input-to-state stability, and introduces the small-gain tools that will be used for the synthesis of event-triggered control systems.
Effects on Mouse Food Consumption After Exposure to Bedding from Sick Mice or Healthy Mice

Control mice housed in the same room as mice with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) demonstrate decreased food intake coincident with the cachexia experienced by the mice with PDAC. Mice are considered an empathetic species, and we hypothesized that the reduced food intake in normal mice was an "empathy state" that was mediated by olfactory cues. Naive male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to soiled bedding from mice experiencing PDAC induced cachexia or from control mice in the PDAC study. Body weight, food intake, and food spillage were measured across 48 h. Statistically significant differences in food consumption were found at various time points in both positive and negative directions for the 2 bedding conditions, and the direction of effect was opposite for males and females. Although analysis of data from previous PDAC studies showed differences in food spillage between PDAC mice and their controls, in this study we found no correlation between food consumption and food spillage based on bedding type. Disruption of food intake due to the "empathy state" requires testing larger numbers of animals to attain appropriate statistical power, which is contrary to the goal of using fewer animals. Empathy effects require careful consideration of sample size and cautious interpretation of results. This study also highlights the importance of sex as a biologic variable and why quantifying food spillage is important in studies of food intake.
Intravenous peramivir vs oral oseltamivir in high-risk emergency department patients with influenza: Results from a pilot randomized controlled study

Background Peramivir offers a single-dose intravenous (IV) treatment option for influenza (vs 5-day oral dosing for oseltamivir). We sought to compare outcomes of emergency department (ED) patients at high risk for influenza complications treated with IV peramivir vs oral oseltamivir. Methods During the 2015-16 and 2016-17 influenza seasons, adult patients in two US EDs were randomized to either oral oseltamivir or IV peramivir treatment group. Eligibility included positive molecular influenza test; met CDC criteria for antiviral treatment; able to provide informed consent and agree to follow-up assessment. Outcomes were measured by clinical end-point indicators, including FLU-PRO Score, Ordinal Scale, Patient Global Impression on Severity Score, and Karnofsky Performance Scale for 14 days. Non-inferior t test was performed to assess comparative outcomes between the two groups. Results Five hundred and seventy-five (68%) of 847 influenza-positive patients were approached. Two hundred and eighty-four met enrollment criteria and 179 were enrolled; of these 95 (53%) were randomized to peramivir, and 84 to oseltamivir. Average FLU-PRO score at baseline was similar (peramivir: 2.67 vs oseltamivir: 2.52); the score decreased over time for both groups (day 5: peramivir: 1.71 vs oseltamivir: 1.62; day 10: peramivir: 1.48 vs oseltamivir: 1.37; day 14: peramivir: 1.40 vs oseltamivir: 1.33; all P .05; pneumonia: peramivir: 11% vs oseltamivir: 14%, P > .05). Conclusions Clinical outcomes of influenza-infected patients treated with single-dose IV peramivir were comparable to those treated with oral oseltamivir, suggesting potential utility of peramivir for influenza-infected patients in the ED.
Virtual HRD’s Role in Crisis and the Post Covid-19 Professional Lifeworld: Accelerating Skills for Digital Transformation

The Problem.The Covid-19 pandemic brought unprecedented crisis to a world already undergoing digital transformation. Millions of people began working virtually to prevent the spread of disease and ...
Comparative Study Based on Different Switching Lookup Tables for Direct Power Control of Three-Phase AC/DC Converter

This paper describes a comparative study based on different switching lookup tables for direct power control of three-phase ac/dc converter. After getting the mathematical model of the three-phase ac/dc converter, the author gives the expression of the active and reactive powers variations. Consequently, the author deduces the ten switching lookup tables including the Noguchi table (conventional table) and improved table. In order to obtain a quasi-sinusoidal shape of the grid line current, a unity power factor, adjustment of DC-link voltage and the low THD ratio, the author has established a comparative study between the ten switching tables. Furthermore, the choice criterion of the appropriate switching table is carried out depended on the goals cited earlier by the author which are proved by simulation in Matlab/ Simulink environment.