cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat resistant polymer electrolyte for enhanced organic electrochromic windows based on poly (3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine)

Electrochromic Windows(ECWs) have the potential to save energy through dynamic control of light and solar energy entering a room (via solar heat gain coefficient control). ECWs have been developed as an optical shutter in airplane, building and automobile applications. An ECW is composed of three components, a working electrode based on electrochromic materials, a counter electrode based on ion storage materials and the electrolyte as an ionic conducting layer. Organic ECWs have been gaining popularity due to easy and cost effective manufacturing, availability of wide range of colors, high optical contrast and flexibility in design. However there are challenges in commercialization and application of organic ECWs. The application of ECWs as a sunroof in automobiles demands operation in harsh environment conditions like elevated temperature. Consequently the University of Washington, Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems has been developing a heat resistant organic ECW that can be operated at elevated temperatures maintaining high optical contrast, fast switching speed, optical color memory and electrochemical stability. The proposed design is an ECW based on poly (3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine),PPRODOT-Me2 as a working electrode, V2O5-TiO2 composite materials as a counter electrode and poly(ethylene imine) based electrolyte. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was calculated through complex impedance method and temperature dependence of the electrolyte was determined using environment test chamber to control a temperature range of 15 to 80° Celsius for 100 hours. A 76 × 76 mm2 ECW was developed and the optical transmittance change was observed by Chronoamperomerty and Time course measurement. The electrochemical stability of the window was monitored using cyclic voltammetry. The developed electrochromic window showed good optical contrast, electrochemical stability and fast response time after testing at elevated temperatures for 100 hours.
Sequential Experimental Design Based Modeling of a Notional All-Electric Ship AC/DC Conversion System for Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis

The construction of surrogate models for a large-scale transient simulation of the AC/DC conversion system of a notional all-electric warship is described. A sequential experimental design approach is used to progressively glean information about the simulation model, while increasing the number of runs executed and the complexity of the surrogate model as needed. The surrogate models are utilized for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the simulation model.
Embedded CELP with adaptive codebooks in enhancement layers and multi-layer gain optimization

The paper describes an embedded CELP coder in which an adaptive codebook is included in every enhancement layer and the lower-layer codebook gains are re-optimized in the higher layers to further improve speech quality. Each layer maintains its own filter memories to generate required target vectors, adds adaptive and fixed codebook contributions, and re-optimizes all codebook gains to improve coder performance (multi-layer gain optimization). The common elements across the embedded layers include the lower-layer adaptive and fixed codebook entries. The pitch-lag used in the core layer is also re-used in the enhancement layers to maintain time synchronization between layers. Estimation and encoding of selected lower-layer parameters may take into account their estimated impact on the higher layers. The described Embedded CELP coder has been implemented in the Embedded Variable Bit-Rate (EV-VBR) codec standardized by ITU-T as Recommendation G.718. The characterization test results of the G.718 Embedded CELP are summarized.
A cytogenetic study of a cardiac papillary fibroelastoma.

Abstract We present a case of cardiac papillary fibroelastoma that showed an abnormal stem-line 46,XY,t(5;21;15)(p13.2;q22.1;p12) with a side-line 47,idem,+i(11)(q10).
Lectins, lectin genes, and their role in plant defense.

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that bind gly? cans of glycoproteins, glycolipids, or polysaccharides with high affinity (Goldstein and Hayes, 1978). Because of their binding specificity, they have the capability to serve as recognition molecules within a cell, between cells, or be? tween organisms. It is assumed that lectins play fundamental biological roles in plants because they are found in many different species and in many different organs and tissues.
Subsolidus Equilibria in the System ZrO2‐WO3‐P2O5

The existence of stable and metastable forms of 2ZrO2·P2O5 and the subsolidus phase relations in the system ZrO2-ZrP2O7 were confirmed before investigation of the ternary system. The synthesis and thermal behavior of ZrW2O8 were reinvestigated, and the system WO3-P2O5 was examined cursorily. A ternary compound, 2ZrO2·WO3·P2O5, was found, and compatibility triangles for the system between 1105° and 1150°C were established. The ternary compound is compatible with ZrO2, WO3, and three binary compounds, giving rise to five composition triangles. In addition, ZrP2O7, WO3, and “W2O3(PO4)2” were compatible.
Automated Code Engine for Graphical Processing Units: Application to the Effective Core Potential Integrals and Gradients

We present an automated code engine (ACE) that automatically generates optimized kernels for computing integrals in electronic structure theory on a given graphical processing unit (GPU) computing platform. The code generator in ACE creates multiple code variants with different memory and floating point operation trade-offs. A graph representation is created as the foundation of the code generation, which allows the code generator to be extended to various types of integrals. The code optimizer in ACE determines the optimal code variant and GPU configurations for a given GPU computing platform by scanning over all possible code candidates and then choosing the best-performing code candidate for each kernel. We apply ACE to the optimization of effective core potential integrals and gradients. It is observed that the best code candidate varies with differing angular momentum, floating point precision, and type of GPU being used, which shows that the ACE may be a powerful tool in adapting to fast evolving GP...
Epha2 induces apoptosis: An essential mediator of ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis

3582 One of the physiological consequences of excessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is apoptosis. This critical response serves to eliminate genetically-injured cells and arises, in part, from activation of DNA damage and p53 signaling. Other contributory pathways, however, likely exist but have not been fully characterized. In a recent global screen of UVR-response genes in melanocytes, we identified the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), EPHA2 . Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches, we set out to investigate the upstream regulation EphA2 by UVR and the functional consequences of this effect. We found that the UVR-associated increase in EphA2 occurs in melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts from both human and murine sources. More specifically, UVR effectively upregulated EphA2 individually in p53-null, p63-null and p73-null murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) suggesting that the p53 family of transcription factors is not essential for the observed effect. However, inhibition of MAPK signaling by U0126 and PD98059 significantly reduced the UVR response while overexpression of oncogenic NRAS led to an increase in EphA2. These results confirm that UVR induces EphA2 by a p53-independent but MAPK-dependent mechanism. In response to UV irradiation, Epha2 -/- MEFs were highly resistant to UVR-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis while introduction of EphA2 into both wildtype and p53-null MEFs led to activation of the apoptotic program through activation of the caspase 8 pathway. These functional findings suggest that EphA2 is in fact an essential p53-independent pro-apoptotic factor induced by UVR.
Codon and Amino Acid Usage Are Shaped by Selection Across Divergent Model Organisms of the Pancrustacea

In protein-coding genes, synonymous codon usage and amino acid composition correlate to expression in some eukaryotes, and may result from translational selection. Here, we studied large-scale RNA-seq data from three divergent arthropod models, including cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus), and the amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, and tested for optimization of codon and amino acid usage relative to expression level. We report strong signals of AT3 optimal codons (those favored in highly expressed genes) in G. bimaculatus and O. fasciatus, whereas weaker signs of GC3 optimal codons were found in P. hawaiensis, suggesting selection on codon usage in all three organisms. Further, in G. bimaculatus and O. fasciatus, high expression was associated with lowered frequency of amino acids with large size/complexity (S/C) scores in favor of those with intermediate S/C values; thus, selection may favor smaller amino acids while retaining those of moderate size for protein stability or conformation. In P. hawaiensis, highly transcribed genes had elevated frequency of amino acids with large and small S/C scores, suggesting a complex dynamic in this crustacean. In all species, the highly transcribed genes appeared to favor short proteins, high optimal codon usage, specific amino acids, and were preferentially involved in cell-cycling and protein synthesis. Together, based on examination of 1,680,067, 1,667,783, and 1,326,896 codon sites in G. bimaculatus, O. fasciatus, and P. hawaiensis, respectively, we conclude that translational selection shapes codon and amino acid usage in these three Pancrustacean arthropods.
Manifold spanning graphs

Graph construction is the essential first step for nearly all manifold learning algorithms. While many applications assume that a simple k-nearest or e-close neighbors graph will accurately model the topology of the underlying manifold, these methods often require expert tuning and may not produce high quality graphs. In this paper, the hyperparameter sensitivity of existing graph construction methods is demonstrated. We then present a new algorithm for unsupervised graph construction, based on minimal assumptions about the input data and its manifold structure.
Epilepsy and Seizures: Excitotoxicity or Excitotrophicity?

Excitotoxic neuronal death has been clearly documented in the adult brain following status epilepticus (SE), a state of uninterrupted seizure activity that may last for hours. The severity and duration of SE determine the extent of neuronal injury; in most animal models damage is observed with durations of one hour or longer. Severity, duration and rate of onset may also influence the extent to which the neuronal death is mediated by apoptotic or necrotic processes. In contrast to the adult brain, the immature brain is resistant to SE-induced damage; nevertheless long-term deleter ious effects of SE have been observed in animals that experienced SE in infancy without exhibiting neuronal loss. Likewise, in adult animals, long-term abnormalities such as spontaneous seizures have been documented following SE even under conditions in which the brain was protected from damage. This suggests that SE-induced excitotoxic injury is not required for the development of long-term disrupt ion of neuronal function in the aftermath of SE. In contrast to SE, recurrent intermittent brief seizures such as those typically associated with epilepsy, do not necessar ily cause neuronal inj ury. In patients with epilepsy it is often difficult to determine whether brain lesions are a cause or consequence of the seizure condition; little or no injury has been observed with chronic brief seizures in several animal models. In fact, exposure to repeated brief noninjurious seizures has been shown to exert a neuroprotective action, possibly as a consequence of induction of expression of neurotrophic factors. This “excitotrophic” effect of seizures extends beyond protection against SE-induced injury to include protection in models such as adrenalectomy-induced granule cell death. It is therefore possible that seizures may serve to protect against neurodegeneration and promote regrowth and remodeling in the face of insults to the nervous system. Thus, seizures can span a spectrum from trophic and adaptive to toxic and maladaptive, depending upon the conditions of their occurrence and the extent to which they are regulated. In this context, seizures may be analogous to fever: adaptive and protective in specific settings, with the capacity to become maladaptive and injurious in their own right if they develop into SE or a long lasting epileptic condition.
Fatty Acids, Cell Signaling, and Cardiovascular Risk

Abdominal obesity is linked to increased non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and turnover that are resistant to suppression by insulin (1,2). Similarly, physical activity and maximal oxygen consumption, a marker of physical fitness, are inversely associated with plasma NEFA concentrations measured as the area under-the-curve during a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (3). Familial combined hyperlipidemia, a relatively common autosomal dominant trait, is associated with high plasma NEFAs as well as greater and more prolonged elevation of NEFAs following a fat load (4). Obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and familial combined hyperlipidemia are associated with high blood pressure, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, and more cardiovascular events including sudden death (5, 6, 7).
Empirical Studies of Copyright Litigation: Nature of Suit Coding

This article investigates reliance on the Nature of Suit coding in the PACER records for empirical studies of copyright litigation. It concludes that although the PACER Nature of Suit for copyright does not in fact capture all copyright cases, it is a good enough sample for most purposes.
Allergic asthma in mice: what determines the phenotype?

asthma is a complex disease, and its etiology is multifactorial. Both genetic and environmental factors are known to play a role in its pathogenesis. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the asthmatic response in the human stems to a large extent from investigations of animal models of the
A COMPARISON OF POINT OF ZERO CHARGE MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY

Contaminant-transport modeling requires information about the charge of subsurface particle surfaces. Because values are commonly reused many times in a single simulation, small errors can be magnified greatly. Goethite (α-FeOOH) and pyrolusite (β-MnO2) are ubiquitous mineral phases that are especially contaminant reactive. The objective of the present study was to measure and compare the point of zero charge (PZC) using different methods. The pyrolusite PZC was measured with three methods: mass titration (MT) (PZC = 5.9±0.1), powder addition (PA) (PZC = 5.98±0.08), and isoelectric point, IEP (PZC = 4.4±0.1). The IEP measurement was in agreement with literature values. However, MT and PA resulted in a statistically larger PZC than the IEP measurement. The surface area of pyrolusite, 2.2 m2g−1, was too small to permit PZC determination by the potentiometric titration (PT) method. Goethite PZC values were measured using MT (7.5±0.1), PT (7.46±0.09), and PA (7.20±0.08). The present work presents the first reported instance where MT and PA have been applied to measure the point of zero charge of either pyrolusite or goethite. The results illustrate the importance of using multiple, complementary techniques to measure PZC values accurately.
Spatial nonuniformity in heat transport across hybrid material interfaces

Successful thermal management in nanostructured devices relies on control of interfacial thermal transport. Recent measurements have revealed poor thermal transport across interfaces between two dissimilar materials, e.g., organic semiconductors and metals. In such systems, the interfacial thermal conductance ${G}_{b}$ is dominated by the strength of interfacial bonding, but existing analytical models still fail to accurately predict ${G}_{b}$ especially for organic-metal interfaces. Growing interest in this research area calls for comprehensive understanding of interfacial thermal transport across hybrid material interfaces. Here we demonstrate that spatial nonuniformity has to be assessed in the calculation of ${G}_{b}$ for interfaces with partial coverage or incommensurate growth that is characteristic of these interfaces. The interface between copper phthalocyanine and fcc metals (Ag, Al, and Au) exhibits a sixfold difference between the metal's (\ensuremath{\sim}4-\AA{}) and the organic molecule's (\ensuremath{\sim}25-\AA{}) lattice constant. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the spatial variation in ${G}_{b}$, and a model is developed that considers the spatial variations in phonon transmission, successfully predicting ${G}_{b}$ for many organic-metal interfaces.
A Comparison of Delay Discounting in Adolescents and Adults in Treatment for Cannabis Use Disorders

Delay discounting is associated with problematic substance use and poorer treatment outcomes in adolescents and adults with substance use disorders. Although some research has addressed delay discounting among individuals with cannabis use disorders (CUD), results have been equivocal and no study has examined whether discounting rates differ between adolescent and adult cannabis users. The aim of this study was to compare discounting rates between adolescents and adults in treatment for CUD in order to determine whether discounting at intake or changes in discounting across treatment differed between age groups. Participants were 165 adolescents and 104 adults enrolled in treatment for CUD. Participants completed a delay discounting task at intake and end of treatment for two commodities (money and cannabis) at two different magnitudes ($100 and $1000). Repeated measures mixed models examined differences in discounting rates by commodity and magnitude across age groups at intake, and changes in discounting across treatment. At intake, adolescents discounted money more than adults, while adults showed greater discounting at $100 magnitude than $1000. In addition, adults had greater decreases in discounting of cannabis over the course of treatment. Overall, adolescents appeared less sensitive to changes in magnitude of rewards, discounted money at higher rates, and showed less improvement in discounting over the course of treatment compared to adults. Comparing delay discounting in adolescents and adults with CUD can contribute to a better understanding of how development influences the impact of discounting on substance use in order to better inform treatment for substance use disorders.
Dental Evolution of Zapus

Lower dentitions of fossil Zapus from the Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene of Kansas and Oklahoma were studied, using characters reliable in separating Recent species. Of the two species present in the Upper Pliocene, Z. rinkeri apparently died out at the end of the Pliocene, and Z. sandersi continued into the Pleistocene, giving rise to Z. hudsonius . In the Z. sandersi — Z. hudsonius lineage are recognized four successional subspecies, two of which are described as new. In Z. rinkeri and Z. hudsonius certain dental characters were developed independently. The relationships of the mid-Pleistocene Z. burti are obscure. Zapus was probably derived from an ancestor very much like the late Oligocene and early Miocene Plesiosminthus , possibly through Pliozapus . A dental feature characteristic of Plesiosminthus is present at low frequencies in Recent Zapus populations.
Quotas and Consequences: A Transnational Re-evaluation

Although affirmative action remains constitutionally permitted in the United States, racial quotas have long been rejected as wrongful discrimination. The law’s distinction between morally repugnant quotas and morally permissible affirmative action appears to rest on a conception of discrimination as a failure to respect the moral worth of individuals. This Essay argues that, despite this strong deontological language, the doctrinal line between quotas and affirmative action expresses a concern with the balkanizing consequences of quotas in a democracy. Yet, the rejection of quotas depends on an impoverished account of quotas’ consequences. The prohibition of quotas is best understood as pursuing a consequentialist theory of democratic legitimacy. I then engage in transnational comparisons to suggest that, from the standpoint of democratic legitimacy, the consequences of quotas are more varied and complex than is assumed by U.S. antidiscrimination law. Recent constitutional developments authorizing gender quotas in France and racial quotas in Brazil reveal the belief that quotas will facilitate greater social cohesion rather than balkanization, thereby enhancing the legitimacy of democratic institutions. Ultimately, neither deontological nor consequentialist accounts of discrimination justify the moral rejection of quotas. The Essay concludes by arguing that quota schemes should ultimately be judged based on their consequences for democratic institutions. Quotas -- and discrimination generally -- should be regarded as wrongful only when they corrupt more than they enhance the legitimate functioning of democratic institutions.
On the Issue of "Coded Telegram" During the Period of Long March of the Red Army

In history pf Chinese Communist Party,there was not the"coded telegram"of solving the problems of Central Committee by force,which was sent by Zhang Guotao.The related and historical documents and the memories of the people concerned have proved that there was not this"coded telegram".
Inheritance of maternal immunoglobulin G1 concentration by the bovine neonate.

Serum samples were collected between 24 and 48 h of age from 408 Herefored calves of a Selection Experiment and from 200 Angus, Hereford and Red Poll calves of another experimental population (Germ Plasm Utilization Project). Concentrations of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Breed or selection line of calf and age of dam were the most important factors influencing IgG1 concentrations (P less than .01). In the Germ Plasm Utilization (GPU) herd, Angus calves were highest, Red Polls were intermediate and Herefords were lowest in serum concentrations. Calves from Hereford lines selected for weaning weight, yearling weight or an index based on yearling weight and muscling score were lower in IgG1 concentration than calves from the randomly selected control line. In both populations immunoglobulin levels in the calf increased as age of dam increased. In Selection Experiment Herefords, increased calving difficulty was associated with a decrease in calf IgG1 levels (P less than .05). Heritabilities of calf serum IgG1 concentration, estimated from paternal half-sib analysis on a within line or breed basis, were .03 +/- .09 and .13 +/- .19 in the two populations. In the Selection Experiment Herefords, when the component of variance for selection line was added both to the numerator and denominator of heritability, the revised estimate was .09 +/- .09. Heritabilities of maternal effects on IgG1 concentration were also estimated (by nesting calves within maternal grandsires) on a within line or breed basis. These heritabilities were .23 +/- .17 and -.07 +/- .27 for the Selection Experiment and GPU populations, respectively. In the Selection Experiment population, when the variance component for selection line was added to the numerator and denominator of maternal effects heritability, the estimate was .27 +/- . .17. Those calves that died had a lower mean IgG1 concentration than the population average (P less than .01).
An affordance-based approach for generating user-specific design specifications

When developing an artifact, designers must first understand the problem. This includes the benefits that the artifact must deliver and the user variation that is present. Each user has a unique set of human factors, preferences, personal knowledge, and solution constraints that could potentially influence the characteristics of the artifact. Currently, there is little work supporting the process of how to formally generate user-specific design specifications, resulting in ad hoc or a priori decisions when generating design specifications. Further, because most design processes generate design specifications manually, the number of design specifications is not typically addressed at the user level. This research presents an affordance-based approach for use in the early stages of design to help designers establish user-specific design specifications. This information can then be used in the creation of a system or set of systems that meets the demands of both the user(s) and the organization that is developing the artifact. An affordance-based approach is leveraged because it maintains the relational field of view among the user, existing artifacts, and the artifact(s) being designed. Once individual design specifications are generated, designers can use this information in later stages of the design process.
Measurements of optical losses in thin films

Summary form only. Three experimental approaches for detection of optical losses in thin films for the telecommunication wavelength region are discussed. These techniques are cavity ring down spectroscopy, photothermal and propagation loss methods. Results for thin film loss evaluation in various applications are shown.
Memristor devices for use in neuromorphic systems

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization process used to develop memristors that are strong candidates for use in neuromorphic systems. A common approach for the development of memristor-based neuromorphic circuits is to store synaptic weight values within memristors as resistance values. This requires use of the continuous resistance range available in the memristors to store the weight matrix produced by a learning algorithm. More specifically, these devices will be used in systems that implement supervised learning algorithms such as single and multilayer perceptrons. It is important to be able to iteratively program a target resistance through a number of feedback controlled voltage pulses as opposed to abruptly switching the device between two binary states. This paper shows how TiO 2 memristor devices placed in a crossbar arrangement are capable of implementing Boolean logic functions using a perceptron algorithm. Resistances within a memristor crossbar can be tuned and reconfigured so that a neuron circuit based on this crossbar can represent multiple different functions.
Is GPS telemetry location error screening beneficial

The accuracy of global positioning system (GPS) locations obtained from study animals tagged with GPS monitoring devices has been a concern as to the degree it influences assessments of movement patterns, space use, and resource selection estimates. Many methods have been proposed for screening data to retain the most accurate positions for analysis, based on dilution of precision (DOP) measures, and whether the position is a two dimensional or three dimensional fix. Here we further explore the utility of these measures, by testing a Telonics GEN3 GPS collar's positional accuracy across a wide range of environmental conditions. We found the relationship between location error and fix dimension and DOP metrics extremely weak (r2adj ∼ 0.01) in our study area. Environmental factors such as topographic exposure, canopy cover, and vegetation height explained more of the variance (r2adj = 15.08%). Our field testing covered sites where sky-view was so limited it affected GPS performance to the degree fix attempt...
University scandal, reputation and governance

A review of the literature on corporate governance serves to demonstrate the applicability of many governance solutions to the university setting. Based on a review of university scandals, most of which are recent but some of which took place decades ago, it is possible to categorize them as follows: sex scandals, drugs, cheating, hazing, admissions and diplomas, on-the-job consumption, athletics, and murder. Several examples are provided in the paper, along with their impact on various stakeholders. The paper then discusses a variety of solutions designed to either preempt the activities potentially leading to scandal, to deter them or to punish perpetrators. Some of these involve structural changes, institutional policies and procedures, fines, terminations, and sanctions. The paper emphasizes the proactive safeguards which govern and monitor to make sure that universities do not suffer on the back end and that their reputations do not suffer into the future.
Variation in DNA-Damage Responses to an Inhalational Carcinogen (1,3-Butadiene) in Relation to Strain-Specific Differences in Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Transcription Profiles in C57BL/6J and CAST/EiJ Mice.

Background: The damaging effects of exposure to environmental toxicants differentially affect genetically distinct individuals, but the mechanisms contributing to these differences are poorly under...
Role of luteal biosynthesis of prostaglandin F2α on function and structure of the corpus luteum during luteolysis in heifers

The role of endogenous prostaglandin F2α (PGF) in the induction of luteolysis by exogenous PGF was studied by simultaneous inhibition of endogenous PGF with flunixin meglumine (FM). Groups were controls (n = 8), PGF treated (n = 8), and FM + PGF treated (n = 9). Treatments were given 10 d postovulation at hours 0, 8, and 16. The protocol was based on (1) the assumption that luteolytic characteristics of exogenous PGF would be altered if the synthesis of endogenous PGF is simultaneously inhibited and (2) the reports that luteolysis involves a direct effect of uterine PGF on large luteal cells followed by an effect of the large cells on the small cells. At hour 48, progesterone concentration was greater in the controls (7.6 ± 0.8 ng/mL) than that in the FM + PGF group (3.0 ± 0.5 ng/mL) and lower in the PGF group (0.7 ± 0.3 ng/mL) than in the FM + PGF group (interaction, P < 0.0001). The effects of each of the 3 groups on percentage change in CL volume were similar to the effects on progesterone. At hour 48, the percentage of CL tissue with color-Doppler signals of blood flow was similar between the controls (56.2% ± 3.8%) and FM + PGF group (50.0% ± 6.4%) and lowest in the PGF group (15.6% ± 7.2%) (interaction, P < 0.0001). A resurgence in progesterone concentration began at hours 24 or 48 in 6 of 9 heifers in the FM + PGF group compared to 0 of 8 heifers in each of the other groups (P < 0.007). The progesterone resurgence in the FM + PGF group was associated with the maintenance of percentage of CL tissue with blood-flow signals. The experimental hypothesis that an inhibitor of endogenous PGF reduces the luteolytic response to exogenous PGF was supported.
Formation of deposits from heavy fuel oil ash in an accelerated deposition facility at temperatures up to 1219 °C

Abstract Some industrial gas turbines are currently being fired using heavy fuel oil, which contains a small percentage of inorganic material that can lead to fouling and corrosion of turbine components. Deposits of heavy fuel oil ash were created in the Turbine Accelerated Deposition Facility (TADF) at Brigham Young University under gas turbine-related conditions. Ash was produced by burning heavy fuel oil in a downward-fired combustor and collecting the ash from the exhaust stream. This ash was then introduced into the TADF and entrained in a hot gas flow that varied from 1101 °C to 1219 °C. Sulfur dioxide was introduced to the system to achieve 1.1 mol% SO2 in the exhaust to simulate SO2 levels in turbines burning heavy fuel oil. The gas and particles were accelerated to over 200 m/s before impinging on a nickel-based superalloy coupon and forming deposits. The ash deposits were collected and the capture efficiency, surface roughness, and deposit composition were measured. The deposits were then washed with deionized water, dried, and the analysis was repeated. As the gas temperature increased, there was no effect on capture efficiency and the post-wash roughness of the samples decreased. Washing aided in the removal of sulfur, magnesium, potassium, and calcium.
Microglia-derived cytotoxic factors: Part I: Inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro

The rarity of neoplasms in the adult mammalian retina has led us to hypothesize the presence or increased expression of 'tumor-inhibitory molecules' in the mature differentiated retina. We have begun to investigate the source(s) of these molecules, and the following study describes the inhibitory activity of a soluble microglia-derived cytotoxic factor on the proliferation of C6 cells, a glial tumor cell line. C6 cells were treated for 24, 48, or 72 h with basal medium or basal medium conditioned by retina-derived Muller cells (MCCM) or microglial cells (MGCM) and assayed for cell proliferation and/or cell death using various techniques involving fluorescent probes, lactate dehydrogenase release, or bromodeoxyuridine uptake. C6 cells increased in number from 24 to 72 h following incubation in basal medium or MCCM, but not in MGCM, where the cells rounded up and retracted their processes. The number of dead cells appeared to be the same in all groups at each time point. Similar findings were observed in the presence of 1-10% serum. About 25% of cells treated with basal medium for 72 h were positive for bromodeoxyuridine as compared with < 1% in MGCM-treated cultures. Our studies suggest that retina-derived microglial cells secrete soluble product(s) that inhibit the growth of C6 cells in culture. These molecules may provide protection for the mature retina against the invasion of tumor cells and may prove useful in the treatment of cancer.
Chapter 17 Dynamic Systems Approach to Understanding Motor Delay in Infants With Down Syndrome

Abstract Researchers have documented that infants with Down syndrome (DS) acquire motor skills much more slowly than nonhandicapped (NH) infants. Several structural deficits common to infants with DS have been identified and offered as explanations for the consistent delay, including reduced brain weight, lower levels of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine, hypotonia, and joint laxity. This information describes the “component subsystems” the infant has to work with- but it does not explain how or why these subsystems ultimately do cooperate to allow new behaviors to emerge. A dynamic systems approach shifts the emphasis from description to understanding what causes transitions to new movement patterns. In this chapter we will describe how dynamic systems theory can guide research concerning the acquisition of motor skills in handicapped infants. We will use examples from our experiments on the emergence of stepping in infants with DS to support the utility of this approach.
AN EVALUATION OF PRE-CONTROL

In this paper we discuss pre-control, an alternative to statistical control charts for monitoring processes. Pre-control and standard control charts are compared; their different objectives are emphasized and their drawbacks, as well as their advantages..
Anatomy of the Heart and Great Arteries

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques produce high spatial, contrast, and temporal resolution image data for evaluation of cardiac and great vessel anatomy, regional tissue characterization, vascular blood flow, cardiac chamber filling and contraction, regional myocardial dynamics, and myocardial perfusion. MRI produces series of tomographic images of the heart and great arteries in arbitrary section, allowing tailoring of an examination to address a specific clinical problem or a systematic analysis of cardiac structure and physiological function. Recognition of a particular or general abnormality is based on recognition of variance between the instant image data at hand and the expected normal appearance of the heart and great arteries.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RETINOIDS AND RETINOID METABOLISM IN CULTURES OF CHICK EMBRYO RETINA NEURONS AND PHOTORECEPTORS

The retinoids comprise a family of small hydrophobic molecules which are chemically similar to retinol; those that share also some of its biological properties are additionally considered part of the vitamin A family.1 The pleiotropic effects of vitamin A family members are best exemplified by those of retinoic acid, which include activities as a developmental signal, a teratogen, and as a regulator of tumor cell behavior, among others.2 Recent progress in the cloning and characterization of several different retinoic acid receptors, belonging to the glucocorticoid family of ligand activated transcription factors, has provided new insights into the mechanisms supporting the diversity of retinoic acid biological effects.2 Another vitamin A derivative with well established function is 11-cis retinaldehyde, the chromophore of rod and cone visual pigments. This compound binds covalently to the visual pigment apoproteins, and its isomerization to the all-trans isomer in response to photon absorption by the pigment initiates the process of visual transduc-tion.1;3–5
Generation of Clonal and Isotype Diversity

A major consideration of this symposium concerns the processes involved in development of cells producing appropriate IgA antibodies in strategic locations within the body. Central to any satisfactory solution to this problem are answers to two basic questions: 1) how diverse clones of B cells, each of which produces antibodies of a single specificity, are generated in the first place, and 2) how some members of each clone make the decision to produce IgA antibodies. In this brief presentation we will concentrate on the phenotypic reflections of these genetic decisions as they occur at a cellular level of development. Since there are still unresolved controversies and overt gaps in knowledge of key events during this complex differentiation process, biases in our selection and interpretation of the available data are inevitable, but an attempt will be made to discern between facts and speculation.
Incidence of dermatological toxicities and fatigue in patients with cancer treated with regorafenib: A systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials.

10123Background: Fatigue and skin toxicities notably contributed to the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Regorafenib, an oral small molecule multi kinase inhibitor, targe...
MusicMapp: A Deep Learning Based Solution for Music Exploration and Visual Interaction

We present MusicMapp, the world's first large-scale interactive visualization of full-length songs as a point-cloud map, based on high-level features extracted using a customized deep convolutional recurrent neural network (Deep CRNN). MusicMapp will provide the audience with a novel way of experiencing music, opening up new horizons for research and exploration in musicology, regarding how music is perceived, consumed, and interacted with. The demo of MusicMapp will highlight a series of features, including but not limited to: 1) a cloud-based Android App visualizing songs as a point cloud; 2) personalized music exploration and recommendation; and 3) a social-network sharing mechanism built among the users exploring songs.
New Food Labeling Regulations and the Flow of Nutrition Information to Consumers

The policy debate over producers’ role in disseminating nutrition information to consumers has culminated in the passage of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA), which requires t...
Spectral properties /0.04 to 0.75 microns/ of soils exposed at the Viking 1 landing site

The bidirectional reflectance and photometric function (Hapke, 1981) was determined for seven patches of soil located near the Viking Lander 1 spacecraft. The soil photometric function has a prominent opposition effect in addition to a phase function that is strongly backscattering. The ratio of reflectances at a 1 deg phase angle to that at a 10 deg phase angle averages 1.25, 1.24, and 1.19 for blue, green, and red wavelengths respectively. The photometric function has a wavelength dependence, which causes color ratios to vary by up to 33% as a function of phase angle. Estimates of soil reflectance at a 5 deg phase angle averaged over the blue and green passbands of the Viking Lander cameras are 0.11 and 0.17, respectively, while estimates over the red channel range from 0.30 to 0.39. Brightness and color variations within the soil can be correlated with particle size, finer-grained soil being brighter and redder than coarser-grained soil. Lander soils, homogeneous in nature, are typical of brighter soils covering a large portion of the Martian surface.
The Confounding of Race in High School Biology Textbooks, 2014–2019

Following on earlier examinations of biology high school textbooks’ handling of race, this study examines eleven biology textbooks, intended for US high school use and published between 2014 and 2019. It offers a close reading of these textbooks’ treatment of four topics that have been associated with race: genetic disorders, human origins, skin color, and eugenics, as well as the topic of race itself. While only one textbook has a section on “human races,” another nine refer directly or indirectly to race across these five topics. The textbooks’ treatment of genetic disorders gives a marked, if uneven, prominence to race and ethnicity. Their coverage of human origins and skin color largely undermines concepts of race essentialism and racial classification. At other points, the same textbooks introduce studies, questions, and concepts that reinforce the biological reality of race, much as was done by the textbooks of two and three generations ago. The study draws parallels between these textbooks’ decidedly mixed message on race and a similar stance present in the current biomedical research literature. In the face of this mixed message, three sets of pedagogical strategies—fact-checking, historical, and meta-scientific—are proposed that teachers might use with current biology textbooks to raise awareness of the varied positions that scientists have taken in the past and continue to take on questions of race and biology.
Loss of Consciousness is Associated with Elevated Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability Following Sports-Related Concussion.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether loss of consciousness (LOC), retrograde amnesia (RA), and anterograde amnesia (AA) independently influence a particular aspect of post-concussion cognitive functioning—across-test intra-individual variability (IIV), or cognitive dispersion. Method: Concussed athletes (N = 111) were evaluated, on average, 6.04 days post-injury (SD = 5.90; Mdn = 4 days; Range = 1–26 days) via clinical interview and neuropsychological assessment. Primary outcomes of interest included two measures of IIV—an intra-individual standard deviation (ISD) score and a maximum discrepancy (MD) score—computed from 18 norm-referenced variables. Results: Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) adjusting for time since injury and sex revealed a significant effect of LOC on the ISD (p = .018, η p 2 = .051) and MD (p = .034, η p 2 = .041) scores, such that athletes with LOC displayed significantly greater IIV than athletes without LOC. In contrast, measures of IIV did not significantly differ between athletes who did and did not experience RA or AA (all p > .05). Conclusions: LOC, but not RA or AA, was associated with greater variability, or inconsistencies, in cognitive performance acutely following concussion. Though future studies are needed to verify the clinical significance of these findings, our results suggest that LOC may contribute to post-concussion cognitive dysfunction and may be a risk factor for less efficient cognitive functioning.
Clinical and Radiologic Characterization of Frontal Sinusitis in the Pediatric Population.

Introduction:Frontal sinusitis in the pediatric population is a disease that has not been thoroughly studied or characterized. The goals of this study are to characterize the clinical presentation,...
On the Return to Journal Quality, Co-Authorship and Author Order within Top Ranked Agricultural Economics Programs

Utilizing an original data set containing annual salaries and peer-reviewed publication histories for 326 faculty members from top-ranked Ph.D.-granting programs, we examine the labor market for academic agricultural economists. The results suggest that higher quality publications have a greater impact on annual earnings, that sole authored articles have a higher return than multi-authored articles and that no wage premium exists for being the lead author of a non-alphabetic paper.
Are protected areas well-sited to support species in the future in a major climate refuge and corridor in the United States?

Abstract To help conserve biodiversity in coming decades, protected areas need to be located in places that will be important for species as their ranges shift to track suitable climatic conditions. Had past protected areas been optimally targeted to cover today's biodiversity, then we would expect future coverage to decline. However, past protected area siting was often biased towards higher elevations and, with upslope movements of many species predicted under climate change projections, perhaps future coverage may improve as a result. We examine present and future coverage of species potential ranges by protected areas in the Appalachian Mountains, a critical climate refuge and corridor for the biodiversity of the eastern United States. We parameterize climate niche models using the Maxent algorithm with occurrence records for 258 amphibian, bird, mammal, and reptile species of conservation policy concern that depend on forested habitat. We forecast future range shifts by integrating climate projections from six global circulation models and two representative concentration pathways while making contrasting assumptions about species dispersal. We then examine coverage of the estimated present and future ranges of species by existing protected areas. Most of these policy relevant species (93%) have less than 15% of their present estimated range in the region covered by protected areas. We found that species ranked as high conservation priority would be poorly protected under future climate scenarios. We predicted amphibian and mammal coverages by protected areas would worsen whereas coverages of birds and reptiles improve if species are able to disperse freely to future climatically suitable habitat. If species movements are more restricted, then we predict marked losses of species from protected areas, particularly amphibians and mammals. Our results identify obvious candidate locations for adding new protected areas in places that are currently under-protected and that harbor a high diversity of species across all future climate scenarios we consider.
Exploring information technology success of Augmented Reality Retail Applications in retail food chain

Abstract Augmented reality retail applications (ARRAs) have emerged as rapidly developing innovative and futuristic retail innovation used in both physical store and online shops to improve the retail settings and customer experience. So, the objective of this research was to identify predictors of user benefits of ARRA in the retail food chain. By integrating the theory of information system success model, this study proposes a model to investigate the mediating effect of two values: (1) user satisfaction and (2) user continuance intention between quality perspective as explanatory variables (system, service, and information quality) and user benefits as the outcome variable. Both the mediating factors are found positively playing mediating roles among all proposed relationships. This paper provides valuable course of action for retailers and marketers on assessing customers satisfaction and using ARRA to create marketing strategies effectively.
Impact of a pediatric palliative care team on resident education in end of life care

The presence of Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) teams and PPC curricula at teaching hospitals are shown to increase resident physician education in pain and symptom management. However, their impac...