cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Kaapvaal Craton from surface waves

Phase delays of Rayleigh and Love waves from teleseismicearthquakesrecordedduringtheSouthernAfrica Seismic Experiment have been inverted for upper-mantle seismic velocities along the propagation paths and beneath the station array. Successful models of subarray struc- turedisplayedsignicantradialanisotropyintheuppermost mantle but no shear-wave low-velocity zone, supporting the hypothesisthatthelithospherebeneaththeKaapvaalcraton isthick. TheazimuthalvariationsofRayleigh-waveslowness are not consistent with simple models based onSKSsplit- tingobservationsandanisotropy measurementsofKaapvaal mantlexenoliths. Thisdiscrepancymayimplysomeamount of small-scale heterogeneity in anisotropy.
On the Effectiveness of Energy Metering on Every Node

Making wireless sensor node platforms energy-efficient is one of the major research thrusts in the sensor network community. Energy metering lies at the foundation of this research, either by providing direct measurements for profiling, or by serving as the base for the formulation and fitting of energy-usage models. Most of the literature and tools, however, make their measurements on a very small subset of the node population, and usually at a single point in time, before deployment. In this paper we set out to evaluate the cost, in loss of precision, of not having constant and ubiquitous measurement. Through experiments on a 240-node sensor-network testbed, we find that the variations in energy consumption due to temperature change are small, and we establish a model between environmental temperature changes and power consumption of Quanto testbed motes. We also find that different nodes of the same kind can have up to 15% variation in power draw, suggesting a need to deploy instrumentation on a subset of nodes. We quantify the energy estimation error of different metering techniques and characterize the conditions in which the errors disappear. Overall, we find that a small number of measurements in time and across nodes is adequate for accurate estimation of network-wide energy use.
Novel concepts in airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma

The hallmark pathological features of asthma include airway eosinophilic inflammation and structural changes (remodelling) which are associated with an irreversible loss in lung function that tracks from childhood to adulthood. In parallel with changes in function, pathological abnormalities occur early, during the pre-school years, are established by school age and subsequently remain (even though symptoms may remit for periods during adulthood). Given the equal importance of inflammation and remodelling in asthma pathogenesis, there is a significant disparity in studies undertaken to investigate the contribution of each. The majority focus on the role of inflammation, and although novel therapeutics such as those targeted against T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) mediators have arisen, it is apparent that targeting inflammation alone has not allowed disease modification. Therefore, unless airway remodelling is addressed for future therapeutic strategies, it is unlikely that we will progress towards a cure for asthma. Having acknowledged these limitations, the focus of this review is to highlight the gaps in our current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying airway remodelling, the relationships between remodelling, inflammation and function, remodelling and clinical phenotypes, and the importance of utilising innovative and realistic pre-clinical models to uncover effective, disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
Process Variables Critical for Team Effectiveness A Delphi Study of Wraparound Team Members

Recent school reform movements emphasize collaborative teaming for the successful inclusion and education of diverse student populations in schools. The purpose of this study was to identify and validate a list of critical process variables that support team efforts and effectiveness. Wraparound team members from a large midwestern state, identified as experts in teaming, participated through Delphi procedures in two rounds of response. Twenty nominated experts rated 109 items across six categories: team goals, team member roles and team membership, team communication, team cohesion, team logistics, and team outcomes. Results indicated that items in the categories team outcomes, team goals, and team cohesion were ranked most critical to team effectiveness. The final list of critical process variables can be used to guide community and school-based teams in establishing, monitoring, and evaluating their teams.
Thermal stability of different forms of diphtheria toxin

Abstract Diphtheria toxin and its enzymatically active A fragment have been examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability was measured for different forms of these molecules, including tryptically nicked and intact, nucleotide-bound and free, cysteine alkylated, and cysteine oxidized and reduced. Three ranges of denaturation temperature have been observed among the different forms of diphtheria toxin studied, and there is a correlation of the thermal stability of these different forms with their biological activity. At the concentrations used for measurement, all forms of the 62,000-Da diphtheria toxin are irreversibly denatured by heating to 100 °C, while free A chain is reversibly denatured. In vivo and in vitro activities of the samples were measured before and after heating, and all were found to retain significant degrees of activity after heating.
PHOSPHATES IN CERAMIC WARE: II, ROLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN BONE CHINA*

Based on the behavior of phosphates in silicate melts, a possible picture of the constitution of bone-china bodies is presented. The characteristic features are the formation of fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite as the chief constituents of the rigid framework and of a glass high in lime having a higher refractive index than the glassy matrix of normal porcelain bodies. The translucency, the whiteness, and certain characteristic defects of bone china may be explained on this basis.
OntoNet: Scalable knowledge-based networking

Recent years have seen a proliferation of work on the Semantic Web, an initiative to enable intelligent agents to reason about and utilize World Wide Web content and services. Concurrently, the networking community has developed a concept of the knowledge plane, using artificial intelligence to reason about and manage network behavior. These two efforts have progressed independently despite potential synergies. This paper presents early work on OntoNet, a knowledge-based middleware which aims to integrate those visions and provide flexible, scalable knowledge-based networking with ontologies. We focus on supporting multicast messaging in mobile ad-hoc networks using description logic advertisements and requests in a subset of the Web Ontology Language (OWL). We explore a novel hybrid tree- mesh protocol which enables efficient and robust propagation of potentially verbose queries and descriptions. We demonstrate the potential viability of this protocol via simulations in the newly developed NS-3 simulator.
Principles of human brain organization derived from split-brain studies

Studies of damaged human brains have always intrigued neuroscientists. The rich symptomatology that can result is riveting to all who experience examination of such patients. Yet, one of the concerns of basic scientists is that structure-function correlates are difficult to make in the damaged brain, since the lesions are naturally occurring and usually quite diffuse. In addition to the problem of quantitating the lesion, there has always been concern whether the information gained about the brain in the presence of lesions is all that useful in understanding normal brain mechanisms. Are observed effects due to the damage of specific areas or to distant effects? These and other issues have limited the general acceptance of the findings from clinical studies. One of the immediate appeals of the study of patients with surgical division of the forebrain is that the separate functions of the two cerebral hemispheres can be studied readily in the absence of focal damage. Also, the callosal surgery, while producing damage to the brain, was discrete damage to a fiber system and not to nuclear areas. In 1961, R. W. Sperry and his colleagues commenced a series of studies on patients who had undergone surgical section of the cerebral commissures in an effort to control their otherwise intractable epilepsy (Bogen et al., 1965). Studies continue on the original patients as well as others and still shed light on the nature of both cortical and subcortical neural networks. In what follows, I review some aspects of this work to illustrate how this initial work has progressed from the early sixties until the time of Sperry's death in the spring of 1994. Patients who undergo so-called split-brain surgery all suffer from intractable epilepsy. Prior to their surgery, extensive attempts are made to control their seizures medically. Failure to do so, along with other clinical criteria, finds them candidates for surgical division of the corpus callosum, and in some cases the anterior commissure as well. Although these patients are not normal, the onset of their epilepsy varies and has different etiologies. It has not been possible to correlate any of these variations in their neurologic history with the pattern of results obtained from the cognitive studies. It is known from other data that, in order for there to be significant changes in the normal patterns of cerebral lateralization, a large lesion must occur to one side of the brain in early childhood (Rasmussen and Milner, 1977).
The Midlife Women's Symptom Index (MSI)

In this article, the Midlife Women's Symptom Index (MSI), a recently developed measurement scale for symptoms experienced during the menopausal transition, is presented with its psychometric properties. This was a cross-sectional study including (a) an expert review among 20 women's health experts and (b) a psychometric test among 77 middle-aged women. The instruments for the psychometric test were 19 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, the MSI, and the Menopausal Symptom Checklist (MSC). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, K-R 20, and item analysis. The reliability and validity of the MSI were supported among middle-aged women.
Effects of Mycorrhizas on Plant Tolerance to Diseases

The mycorrhizal association with the roots of land plants has existed for hundreds of millions of years and logically includes associations with other functional groups of soil microbes. Disease is rare in undisturbed ecosystems compared to disturbed agroecosystems where disease can often cause serious economic loss. It is logical to surmise that mycorrhizas played a significant role in somehow protecting plants against pathogen invasion, but the demonstration of that phenomenon experimentally has been difficult and conclusions from published work are not possible largely because of the differences in experimental procedures, pathogens, and diseases. Many reviews on the subject have focused on the mechanisms of interaction such as (a) enhanced nutrition, (b) competition for nutrients and infection sites, (c) morphological changes, (d) changes in chemical constituents in plant tissues, (e) alleviation of abiotic stress, and (f) microbial changes in the mycorrhizosphere. Depending on the disease and the environmental situation, any or all mechanisms could be involved, but changes in microbial populations in the mycorrhizosphere seems to be the best explanation, yet the least studied. This chapter focuses on this mechanism by defining the mycorrhizosphere paradigm where soil microbes are influenced by both rhizodeposition of substrates from roots as well as exudation from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal hyphae. The microbial populations in the mycorrhizosphere can change dynamically over time and are influenced by what microbes are present in the soil or substrate, the formation of the AM association intraradically as well as extraradically, and the process of selective enrichment of specific functional groups of microbes, including those that can contribute to the antagonistic potential against root pathogens. Documentation is provided to demonstrate that the numbers and proportion of bacterial antagonists against several root pathogens increase when the AM association is established. The antagonistic potential index derived from in vitro antagonism tests is greater than that of the non-AM plant rhizosphere soil as a result of selective enrichment of bacterial antagonists from the bulk soil by root and hyphal exudation. The data suggest that early establishment of the AM association by inoculation of transplants or in-furrow application that can enrich for antagonists is a management strategy that can contribute to disease suppression under agricultural conditions.
NFL Compromises on New Doping, Substances Policy

On September 17, the National Football league and the NFL Players Association reached an agreement on the terms of its new doping and substance abuse policy. The New policy culminated a lengthy negotiations period which featured many key contentions from both players and league executives.
Amino Acid Constitution of the Contraceptive Polypeptide from Hamster Zygotes

The isolation and analysis of a polypeptide from hamster zygotes during the early stages (2-cell) of pregnancy is reported. A high purification was achieved on the Sephadex G-10. Subcutaneous injection of the extract into unbred hamsters acts to prevent ovulation even though psychic estrus is present. The fraction was found to consist of 4 amino acids: arginine lysine proline and threonine which seem present in equal amounts.
Mediation, identification, and plausibility: an illustration using children's mental health services.

OBJECTIVE Analyses of mediation are important for understanding the effects of mental health services and treatments. The most common approach is to add potential mediators as regressors and to estimate the direct and indirect effects of the treatment of interest. This practice makes the strong assumption that the mediator itself does not suffer from unobserved confounding--that it is as if randomly assigned. In many instances, this assumption seems rather implausible. The objective of this article is to describe the identification problem that represents the fundamental challenge of causal inference. It outlines how mediation complicates identification and considers several identification strategies. The goal of this article is not to propose a new method for handling mediation or to identify a best method for doing so. The latter, in fact, is impossible. The contribution of the article is to illustrate how one can think about possible approaches to mediation in the context of a specific empirical study. METHOD Using data from a large evaluation of a demonstration project in children's mental health services (n = 763), the article illustrates identification strategies. That demonstration improved service delivery in several ways but primarily by offering services "intermediate" between inpatient and outpatient. These analyses focus on the impact of these intermediate services on 6-month improvement in a behavior checklist commonly used to measure psychopathology and competence among children and youths. RESULTS The results highlight how different identification strategies produce different answers to key questions. These alternative findings have to be assessed in light of substantive knowledge of the program involved. CONCLUSIONS The analyses generally support the notion that children and youths treated at the demonstration site who received intermediate services benefited from them.
Tubulointerstitial injury and impaired renal function after recovery from acute puromycin nephrosis.

Renal function was assessed at 2 and 8 wk after infusion of puromycin into the left renal artery of Munich Wistar rats. At 2 wk, albumin excretion averaged 90 +/- 12 micrograms/min in the left kidney and 4 +/- 1 microgram/min in the right kidney. Unilateral nephrosis was accompanied by reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (left, 0.71 +/- 0.04; right, 1.31 +/- 0.02 ml/min) and by impaired excretion of sodium (FENa; left, 0.025 +/- 0.004; right, 0.064 +/- 0.006%). Reductions in GFR and FENa in the nephrotic kidney were not reversed by acute angiotensin II receptor blockade with losartan. At 8 wk, albumin excretion averaged 6 +/- 1 in the left kidney and 8 +/- 1 microgram/min in the right kidney. Recovery from nephrosis was accompanied by persistent reduction in GFR (left, 1.05 +/- 0.05; right, 1.41 +/- 0.05 ml/min) and impairment of sodium excretion in the previously nephrotic left kidney (left, 0.031 +/- 0.004; right, 0.051 +/- 0.004%). Losartan again did not return GFR and FENa toward normal....
Diagnosis of occult diastolic dysfunction late after the Fontan procedure using a rapid volume expansion technique

Objectives Diastolic dysfunction (DD), a key driver of long-term Fontan outcomes, may be concealed during standard haemodynamic evaluation. We sought to identify Fontan patients with occult DD using ‘ventricular stress testing’ with rapid volume expansion (RVE). Methods Cardiac catheterisation with RVE was performed routinely in Fontan patients between 11/2012 and 4/2015. Baseline and post-stress haemodynamic data were compared using t test, Mann–Whitney U test, χ 2 and Fisher9s exact tests. A post-stress ventricular end diastolic pressure (EDP) threshold of 15 mm Hg defined occult DD. Results Forty-six Fontan patients (48% female, median age 14.1 (IQR 9.1 to 21.3) years) were included. The median Fontan duration was 10.8 (IQR 5.1 to 17.8) years and dominant left ventricular morphology was present in 63% of patients. Volume expansion increased mean Fontan pressure (15.2±2.5 vs 12.4±2.2 mm Hg, p Conclusions Ventricular stress testing by RVE is feasible, safe and identifies a subgroup of Fontan patients with occult DD. Higher baseline EDP and longer duration of Fontan circulation are associated with worse diastolic function. Future work is necessary to better understand the aetiology, associations and clinical implications of occult DD in Fontan survivors.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Refractoriness Pneumonia with Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in 62 Children

Objective To explore the application value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment for refractoriness pneumonia in children.Methods Sixty-two cases of refractoriness pneumonia who had not been cured with normal anti-infective therapy for 2 weeks in Guiyang Children′s Hospital from Jun.2005 to Jun.2009 were selected.Fiberopic bronchoscopy Olympus BF-3C30 or BF-P40 examination was applied after routine local infiltration anesthesia to diagnose and local treat refractoriness pneumonia in 62 children.Results There were 27 cases(43%) of simple inflammation,20 cases(32%) of foreign bodies with concurrent infection,7 cases(11%) of dndobronchial tuberculosis,4 cases(6%) of dysplasia with concurrent infection,2 cases(3%) of bronchiectasis,and 2 cases(3%) of pulmonary hemosiderosis,among them,dysplasia were diagnosed on children under 1 year old,foreign bodies with infection on 1-3 years old,and tuberculosis and bronchiectasis on school age.Eleven cases(40%) of simple inflammation were identified various pathogen by bronchoalveolar la-vage fluid culture,mycoplasma PCR test and bronchial brushing and microscopic examination.Forty-seven cases of bronchi obstruction and stenosis caused by inflammation were irrigated and treated by drug and achieved satisfactory,among them,15 cases(79%) of pulmonary atelectasis were recovered with the treatment of fiberoptic bronchoscopy within 2 weeks,14 cases(70%) of foreign bodies were succeed in taking choked thing from bronchus with fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Conclusion The fiberoptic bronchoscopy play an important role in the etiological diagnosis and therapy of refractoriness pneumonia in children.
Research Methods in Applied Settings: An Integrated Approach to Design and Analysis

Preface. Part 1. Introductory Chapters. 1. Definitions, Purposes, and Dimensions of Research. 2. Planning a Quantitative Research Project. Part 2. Quantitative Research Approaches, Questions, and Designs. 3. Variables, Research Questions, and Hypotheses. 4. Research Approaches. 5. Randomized Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs. 6. Single-Subject Designs. 7. Nonexperimental Approaches and Designs. 8. Internal Validity. Part 3. Sampling, Measurement and Data Collection. 9. Sampling and Introduction to External Validity. 10. Measurement and Descriptive Statistics. 11. Measurement Reliability. 12. Measurement Validity. 13. Types of Data Collection Techniques. 14. Ethical Issues in Conducting the Study. 15. Practical Issues in Data Collection and Coding. Part 4. Data Analysis and Interpretation. 16. Making Inferences from Sample Data I: The Null Hypothesis Significance Testing Approach. 17. Making Inferences From Sample Data II: The Evidence-Based Approach. 18. General Design Classifications for Selection of Difference Statistical Methods. 19. Selection of Appropriate Statistical Methods: Integration of Design and Analysis. 20. Data Analysis and Interpretation - Basic Difference Questions. 21. Analysis and Interpretation of Basic Associational Research Questions. 22. Analysis and Interpretation of Complex Research Questions. Part 5. Evaluating and Writing Research Reports. 23. Evaluating Research Validity: Part I. 24. Evaluating Research Validity: Part II. 25. Narrative Evaluations of the Five Sample Articles. 26. Evaluating Research for Evidence-Based Practice. 27. Writing the Research Report. Appendixes A. Suggested Readings. B. Confusing Terms. K. Kidd, C. Glossary. D. Writing Research Problems and Questions. E. Questions for Evaluating Research Validity. D. Quick, F. Making APA Tables and Figures. References. Indexes.
Spectral Clustering Technique for Classifying Network Attacks

The problem of differentiating regular from anomalous traffic has been studied extensively. However, the classification of anomalous traffic to different types of attacks remains a difficult and widely unexplored area. In the age of big data analytics it is becoming paramount to automate the security process, such as reaction to attacks and mitigation based on their type. This paper investigates the use of spectral clustering techniques for classifying computer network attacks. Spectral clustering is a highly robust classifier for big data, and is found to accurately and efficiently classify the attack data using a minimal number of select features. Extensive investigation into feature selection and weighting is discussed. Our classification results can easily be adapted by an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for real-time attack detection, and the classification information used to mitigate future attacks.
Diabetes mellitus en el perro y en el gato

En el presente trabajo se describen' en profundidad la etiologia, patogenia, cuadro clinico, diagnostico, tratamiento y posibles complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus en el perro y en el gato.
A STEM program focused on transfer student success at Binghamton university

Some transfer students have significant challenges in adapting to the pace and depth of a competitive four-year University. According to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, only 60% of transfer students from community colleges have earned their baccalaureate degree four years after transferring. In this paper, we present our program designed to increase the success rate of transfer students. Our goal is to continue Binghamton University's tradition of providing an effective collegiate learning environment for all, and particularly, to increase the success rate of the transfer students in STEM fields.
Drainage of Southeast Greenland Firn Aquifer Water through Crevasses to the Bed

A firn aquifer in the Helheim Glacier catchment of Southeast Greenland lies directly upstream of a crevasse field. Previous measurements show that a 3.5-km long segment of the aquifer lost a large volume of water (26,000 – 65,000 m2 in cross section) between spring 2012 and spring 2013, compared to annual meltwater accumulation of 6000 – 15,000 m2. The water is thought to have entered the crevasses, but whether the water reached the bed or refroze within the ice sheet is unknown. We used a thermo-visco-elastic model for crevasse propagation to calculate the depths and volumes of these water-filled crevasses. We compared our model output to data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), which reveals the near-surface geometry of specific crevasses, and WorldView images, which capture the surface expressions of crevasses across our 1.5-km study area. We found a best fit with a shear modulus between 0.2 and 1.5 GPa within our study area. We show that surface meltwater can drive crevasses to the top surface of the firn aquifer (~20 m depth), whereupon it receives water at rates corresponding to the water flux through the aquifer. Our model shows that crevasses receiving firn-aquifer water hydrofracture through to the bed, ~1000 m below, in 10–40 days. Englacial refreezing of firn-aquifer water raises the average local ice temperature by ~4°C over a ten-year period, which enhances deformational ice motion by ~50 m/yr, compared to the observed surface velocity of ~200 m/yr. The effect of the basal water on the sliding velocity remains unknown. Were the firn aquifer not present to concentrate surface meltwater into crevasses, we find that no surface melt would reach the bed; instead, it would refreeze annually in crevasses at depths <500 m. The crevasse field downstream of the firn aquifer likely allows a large fraction of the aquifer water in our study area to reach the bed. Thus, future studies should consider the aquifer and crevasses as part of a common system. This system may uniquely affect ice-sheet dynamics by routing a large volume of water to the bed outside of the typical runoff period.
What's the Skinny on Elastin Deficiency and Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis?

Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), a localized narrowing of the aorta just distal to the aortic valve, has been encountered sporadically for over 130 years.1,2 In 1961, Williams reported 4 patients with SVAS who shared syndromic features, including short stature, mental retardation, peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses, and a characteristic facies.3 Beuren et al4 reported additional cases, and this syndrome is now known both as Williams syndrome (WS) and Williams–Beuren syndrome. Familial clustering of nonsyndromic SVAS5,6 and WS7 was later identified, bolstering the notion that both WS and SVAS are genetically based. See accompanying article on page 930 Williams hypothesized that SVAS was caused by a combination of medial hypertrophy and aortic wall constriction, but proposed no underlying mechanisms. Others proposed intimal fibrous thickening, due to hyperplasia and excessive collagen deposition (Figure [A]), as potential pathogeneses.9,10 However, the mechanisms that might account for cell proliferation and fibrosis remained uncertain. In 1993, Keating’s group discovered that (1) individuals with both familial and sporadic WS were hemizygous at the elastin locus11 and (2) members of a family with SVAS had a balanced translocation that disrupted the elastin gene and cosegregated with the SVAS phenotype.12 Because elastin is a major component of the aortic wall, comprising ≈50% of total protein,13 and because aortas of individuals with SVAS have decreased elastin content and abnormal elastin architecture,10 elastin deficiency seemed the obvious underlying cause of SVAS. This conclusion was solidified by detection of elastin point mutations in individuals with SVAS.14 Keating’s group speculated that SVAS associated with elastin deficiency was caused by decreased aortic elasticity leading to endothelial dysfunction, and that this nondenuding endothelial injury led to intimal proliferation, fibrosis, and stenosis (Figure [B]).12 Figure. Models of pathogenesis of aortic …
Tactical-grade dual-chip inertial sensor assembly

This paper presents a two die assembly of inertial sensors consisting of three (3) orthogonal gyroscopes and three (3) orthogonal accelerometers which demonstrates tactical-grade performance and occupies a total volume of 112 mm3. The sensor mechanisms are identical to existing tactical-grade products while the volume reductions are achieved by combining the sensors into a two-die stack that is wafer-level sealed. Noise floors less than 0.125 deg/rt-hr for gyroscopes and 0.1 fps/rt-hr for accelerometer as well as bias stabilities less than 30 deg/hr for the gyroscopes and less than 10 mg for the accelerometers are reported.
Concurrent Core Loss Suppression and High Permeability by Introduction of Highly Insulating Intergranular Magnetic Inclusions to MnZn Ferrite

A novel approach entailing the introduction of incongruent insulating magnetic inclusions to the grain boundary region of polycrystalline ferrite cores has been proposed to target the eddy current loss as the major source of core loss at high operating frequency. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, highly resistive ferrimagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) were introduced to the grain boundaries of MnZn ferrite. Diamagnetic NPs of barium titanate (BTO) were similarly added as a nonmagnetic insulating grain boundary control additive. A profound decrease was observed in the eddy current loss (up to 79%) by using this approach. For the case of magnetic inclusions, a retained high permeability (24% reduction) was achieved, whereas the samples with nonmagnetic additives experienced a considerable sacrifice to permeability (64% reduction). The sustained high permeability was attributed to the ferrimagnetic YIG NPs maintaining long-range magnetic interactions, whereas the BTO NPs both frustrated the eddy current and long-range intergranular magnetic interactions. These results indicate that low permeability is no longer a necessary constraint for suppression of core power loss.
Optimizing Trait Predictability in Hybrid Rice Using Superior Prediction Models and Selective Omic Datasets

Hybrid breeding has dramatically boosted yield and its stability in rice. Genomic prediction further benefits rice breeding by increasing selection intensity and accelerating breeding cycles. With the rapid advancement of technology, other omic data, such as metabolomic data and transcriptomic data, are readily available for predicting genetic values (or breeding values) for agronomically important traits. In the current study, we searched for the best prediction strategy for four traits (yield, 1000 grain weight, number of grains per panicle and number of tillers per plant) of hybrid rice by evaluating all possible combinations of omic datasets with different prediction methods. We conclude that, in rice, the predictions using the combination of genomic and metabolomic data generally produce better results than single-omics predictions or predictions based on other combined omic data. Inclusion of transcriptomic data does not improve predictability possibly because transcriptome does not provide more information for the trait than the sum of genome and metabolome; rather, the computational complexity is substantially increased if transcriptomic data is included in the models. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) appears to be the most efficient prediction method compared to the other commonly used approaches, including LASSO, SSVS, SVM-RBF, SVP-POLY and PLS. Our study has provided a guideline for selection of hybrid rice in terms of which types of omic datasets and which method should be used to achieve higher trait predictability.
Guided Type Debugging

We present guided type debugging as a new approach to quickly and reliably remove type errors from functional programs. The method works by generating type-change suggestions that satisfy type specifications that are elicited from programmers during the debugging process. A key innovation is the incorporation of target types into the type error debugging process. Whereas previous approaches have aimed exclusively at the removal of type errors and disregarded the resulting types, guided type debugging exploits user feedback about result types to achieve better type-change suggestions. Our method can also identify and remove errors in type annotations, which has been a problem for previous approaches. To efficiently implement our approach, we systematically generate all potential type changes and arrange them in a lattice structure that can be efficiently traversed when guided by target types that are provided by programmers.
Complex I Deficiency

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder that results from the combined and interactive effects of multiple genetic and environmental factors. As our understanding of these diverse genetic and environmental influences increases, a convergence of data points towards an important role for mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. Complex I (CI) activity is impaired in the substantia nigra (SN) in PD, and toxins that inhibit CI reproduce some of the pathological features of PD. Indirect data implicate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations as the origin of the CI defect, and studies are ongoing regarding the possible roles of inherited and somatic mtDNA mutations. Glutathione deficiency may also play a role. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to increased free radical production and oxidative stress. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are implicated in several genetic forms of PD, including alpha-synuclein mutations and autosomal recessive PD associated with mutations in DJ-1, Parkin or PINK1. Environmental factors such as pesticide exposure may also play a role. Understanding the origin and consequences of mitochondrial CI dysfunction in PD remains an important goal of current PD research, and may help in the search for neuroprotective therapies.
The Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Lymphokines

As the experimental procedures and results of the studies presented at this conference are described in detail in a recent publication (Smith et al., 1983), this communication will provide a discussion of the implications of the data. The interested reader is referred to the primary publication for experimental details.
The Array of Desert Invertebrates

The subjects of this book, except for inhabitants of ephemeral waters (see Chapter 17 for a treatment of those invertebrates), will now be introduced by way of an expanded outline. Initially, only a few comments about the broad geographic distribution of each major taxon are given. More comprehensive treatments are deferred until later chapters, which stress available information regardless of the distribution or size of a particular invertebrate group. Unfortunately, there is really little alternative to such an approach if a synthesis of current knowledge is to be presented. Hence “equal treatment” occurs only in this chapter.
Predictors of complications following breast reduction surgery: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program study of 16,812 cases

Summary Background Breast reduction is one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons. Despite good outcomes and high patient satisfaction, there are little national data on the predictors that lead to complications in this patient population. We accessed a national outcomes database to examine these factors. Methods This is a retrospective study examining the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2006 to 2015. Patients who underwent primary breast reduction were identified. Patients who underwent any cancer-related procedures were excluded. We identified patient-related and procedure-related factors for analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of complications. Results In total, 16,812 individual cases were identified. The overall complication rate for the cohort was 6.2%, and the major complication rate was 3.0%. Diabetes, bleeding disorder, hypertension, obesity, smoking, steroid use, and prolonged operative time were associated with increased risk of complications (p Conclusions Common surgical risk factors are associated with complications in breast reduction surgery. Although liposuction is not an independent risk factor, concurrent body contouring is associated with increased complications. Surgeons should be aware of these associations when discussing breast reduction with patients.
Lithium-Doping Stabilized High-Performance P2-Na0.66Li0.18Fe0.12Mn0.7O2 Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries.

While sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) hold great promise for large-scale electric energy storage and low speed electric vehicles, the poor capacity retention of the cathode is one of the bottlenecks in...
Induction: Fallible but Valuable.

GEOMETRY teachers often face the problem of getting their students to see the power of inductive reasoning. To find ways of pointing up the limitations of induction without leading students to reject its strengths is not an easy task. Situations in which students will leap to incorrect inductive generalizations are common, and frequently such experiences are used to illustrate the need for proof and deductive methods. But perhaps these same situations, upon further investiga tion, could also be used to show the utility and power of induction in producing cor rect results. The problem presented in this paper may be a familiar one. Although I found it to be a good context for cautioning stu dents against premature generalizations, the exciting thing for me was following this development with a further inductive analysis that produced a valid generaliza tion that could be proved deductively. Let us take a circle and one of its points, Po, as our starting point (fig. 1). If we choose a second point Pi and draw the chord joining P0 and Pi, the circle will now be partitioned into two disjoint regions. When a third point P2 is picked and all possible chords are drawn, observe that there are a maximum of four disjoint re gions. The addition of a fourth point P? yields a total of eight disjoint regions. Can you conjecture what will be the greatest number of disjoint regions that our circle will be partitioned into with the addition of the fifth point? The nth point? See table 1.
The Mexican Mission: Indigenous Reconstruction and Mendicant Enterprise in New Spain, 1521-1600

In the sixty years following the Spanish conquest, indigenous communities in central Mexico suffered the equivalent of three Black Deaths, a demographic catastrophe that prompted them to rebuild under the aegis of Spanish missions. Where previous histories have framed this process as an epochal spiritual conversion, The Mexican Mission widens the lens to examine its political and economic history, revealing a worldly enterprise that both remade and colonized Mesoamerica. The mission exerted immense temporal power in struggles over indigenous jurisdictions, resources, and people. Competing communities adapted the mission to their own designs; most notably, they drafted labor to raise ostentatious monastery complexes in the midst of mass death. While the mission fostered indigenous recovery, it also grounded Spanish imperial authority in the legitimacy of local native rule. The Mexican mission became one of the most extensive in early modern history, with influences reverberating on Spanish frontiers from New Mexico to Mindanao.
Anoxic Brain Injury Detection with the Normalized Diffusion to ASL Perfusion Ratio: Implications for Blood-Brain Barrier Injury and Permeability

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anoxic brain injury is a result of prolonged hypoxia. We sought to describe the nonquantitative arterial spin-labeling perfusion imaging patterns of anoxic brain injury, characterize the relationship of arterial spin-labeling and DWI, and evaluate the normalized diffusion-to-perfusion ratio to differentiate patients with anoxic brain injury from healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified all patients diagnosed with anoxic brain injuries from 2002 to 2019. Twelve ROIs were drawn on arterial spin-labeling with coordinate-matched ROIs identified on DWI. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between arterial spin-labeling perfusion and diffusion signal. Normalized diffusion-to-perfusion maps were generated using a custom-built algorithm. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients with anoxic brain injuries and 34 healthy controls were identified. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between arterial spin-labeling and DWI signal. By means of a combinatory cutoff of slope of >0 and R2 of > 0.78, linear regression using arterial spin-labeling and DWI showed a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.71–0.94) and specificity of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66–0.92) for anoxic brain injuries. A normalized diffusion-to-perfusion color map demonstrated heterogeneous ratios throughout the brain in healthy controls and homogeneous ratios in patients with anoxic brain injuries. CONCLUSIONS: In anoxic brain injuries, a homogeneously positive correlation between qualitative perfusion and DWI signal was identified so that areas of increased diffusion signal showed increased ASL signal. By exploiting this relationship, the normalized diffusion-to-perfusion ratio color map may be a valuable imaging biomarker for diagnosing anoxic brain injury and potentially assessing BBB integrity.
Wirklichkeitssätze, Wahrnehmungssätze und der Phänomenalismus

Im Zusammenhang mit der Frage, ob Satze uber unbeobachtete physikalische Gegenstande verifizierbar sind, war in I (4, S. 5) von der Analyse von Satzen die Rede, in denen einem Gegenstand eine Dispositionseigenschaft („grun“, „loslich“ usw.) zugeschrieben wird. An der angegebenen Stelle haben wir darauf verwiesen, das ein Wirklichkeitssatz, wie „x ist grun“, gewis nicht den kategorischen Satz „x wird grun gesehen“ impliziert. Denn es ist ja widerspruchslos denkbar, das der betreffende Gegenstand uberhaupt nicht beobachtet wird und dennoch grun ist. Die Analyse von „x ist grun“ fuhrte uns vielmehr auf hypothetische Satze der Form „wenn ein (normal sehender) Beobachter x (unter den Bedingungen B 1 ... B n ) ansieht, dann wird ihm x grun erscheinen“. Und wir haben gezeigt, das die Wahrheit solcher Satze mit der Falschheit ihrer beiden Teilsatze vertraglich ist. Dieses Ergebnis ist von Bedeutung fur die Definition der Dispositionspradikate, sowie auch fur die phanomenalistische Analyse der Wirklichkeitssatze, wie sie namentlich C. I. Lewis in seinem umfang- und inhaltsreichen Buch „An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation“ durchgefuhrt hat. Der Grundgedanke des Phanomenalismus, der auser von Lewis auch namentlich von Ayer in England vertreten wird, ist, das sich Satze uber objektiv vorliegende Tatbestande in Satze uber Sinnesdaten ubersetzen lassen.
Chapter 3 – Research Methodology

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the research methodologies. A multistep research plan was utilized. The preliminary interviews were conducted with three different companies in 2003 and involved six individuals (four individuals from one company and one each from the other companies). The postal questionnaire was then developed based upon prior research and the interviews. The questionnaire and associated information sheet were mailed out in early January 2004 to CIMA members along with a covering letter from CIMA, informing the participants of the objective of the research and the importance of responding. The intensive case studies involved visiting seven organizations during a 2-week period in September 2004. The organizations were all located in various cities across England. As in the preliminary interviews, these interviews were recorded with the consent of the interviewees and all participants were informed that they could end the interview at any time.
Products of thermodynamic parameters of the generalized charged rotating black hole and the Reissner–Nordström black hole with a global monopole

We investigate the thermodynamics of the Kerr–Newman–Kasuya black hole and the Reissner–Nordstrom black hole with a global monopole on inner and outer horizons. Products of surface gravities, surface temperatures, Komar energies, electromagnetic potentials, angular velocities, areas, entropies, horizon radii and irreducible masses at the Cauchy and event horizons are calculated. It is observed that the product of surface gravities, the surface temperature product and the product of Komar energies, electromagnetic potentials and angular velocities at horizons are not universal quantities for these black holes. Products of areas and entropies at the horizons are independent of black hole masses. The heat capacity is calculated for the generalized charged rotating black hole, and a phase transition is observed under certain conditions on r.
Le concept hartien d’obligation juridique (Hart's Concept of Legal Obligation)

French Abstract: [La tentative de H. L. A. Hart a demontrer qu’on peut distinguer des systemes juridiques d’autres assemblages de regles sans recourir aux normes morales et, ainsi de refuter la doctrine de la loi naturelle, semble supposer la dichotomie fait/ valeur dans sa formulation la plus extreme. Dans le cadre de son projet, Hart a propose une vue de l’obligation juridique qui a exerce une influence meme sur ceux qui ont des doutes quant au projet principal de Hart. Ce rapport essaie de soutenir qu’une version moins extreme de la dichotomie fait/valeur aurait dispense Hart de defendre une these de l’obligation juridique dans sa forme la plus ambitieuse et que ce qui en aurait resulte, ce regard moins radical sur l’obligation juridique est a la fois vraisemblable et compatible avec des vues du droit non-positivistes.] English Abstract: H.L.A. Hart’s attempt to prove that one can distinguish legal systems from other sets of rules without relying on moral standards of justification and, thus to rebut the doctrine of natural law, seems to presuppose the fact/value dichotomy in its most extreme form. In the framework of his project, Hart has proposed a view of legal obligation that has influence even those who have doubts about his overall project of legal positivism. This article attempts to show that a version less extreme of the fact/value dichotomy would have made it possible for Hart to defend his most ambitious thesis concerning the nature of legal obligation on the basis of a view of legal obligation that is both plausible and compatible with non-positivist views of the nature of law.
Time-dependent relativistic density functional study of Yb and YbO

The low-lying electronic states of Yb and YbO are investigated by using time-dependent relativistic density functional theory,which is based on the newly developed exact two-component Hamiltonian resulting from symmetrized elimination of the small component.The nature of the excited states is analyzed by using the full molecular symmetry.The calculated results support the previous experimental assignment of the ground and excited states of YbO.
Lifting Posture Prediction With Generative Models for Improving Occupational Safety

Lifting tasks have been identified to be highly associated with work-related low back pain. Posture prediction can be used for simulating workers’ posture of lifting tasks and thus facilitate the prevention of low back pain (LBP). This study adopts two generative models, conditional variational encoder and conditional generative adversarial network, to predict lifting postures. A regular feed-forward neural network (FNN) developed upon previous studies is also investigated for comparison purposes. Ground-truth lifting posture data collected by a motion capture system is used for training and testing the models. The models are trained with datasets of different size and loss functions, and the results are compared. The conditional variational autoencoder and the regular FNN achieved comparable top performance in lifting posture prediction in terms of accuracy and posture validity. Both generative models are able to partially capture the variability of constrained postures. Overall, the results prove that using a generative model is able to predict postures with reasonable accuracy and validity (RMSE of coordinates = 0.049 m; RMSE of joint angles = 19.58 $^\circ$ ). The predicted postures can support biomechanical analysis and ergonomics assessment of a lifting task to reduce the risk of low back injuries.