cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the duration of sperm fertilizing ability in five lines of commercial broiler breeder and Delaware cross males

The ability to characterize the reproductive potential of male fowl can be affected by a number of factors, including age, type, insemination scheme, and number of sperm inseminated. Fertility is a complex interaction of traits involving two individuals of differing genetic composition: In modern broiler breeders, selected predominantly for growth and carcass characteristics, fertility problems may be exacerbated. In order to evaluate the male components of fertility, an experiment investigating the effects of male line on both average fertility and the duration of fertility was completed. Male chicks from five commercial broiler breeder male lines or sired by subfertile Delaware cross roosters were reared to adulthood. Between 30 and 60 wk of age, semen was collected from five males per line, extended and used to inseminate each of 10 to 12 hens from four broiler breeder female lines or Single Comb White Leghorn hens with 80 x 10(6) live sperm. Following a single insemination eggs were collected for 21 d and fertility determined by visual inspection following 4 d incubation. The percentages of live sperm and overall fertility data for the replicate trials were analyzed, following transformation, with a linear model and daily fertility data were analyzed by iterative least squares regression. Whereas there were large differences in fertility among individual males (durations from 3.4 to 14.5 d) within a line, there were no significant male line or replicate effects on overall fertility or the duration of fertility. However, there was a significant (P < 0.05) line-dependent reduction in the percentage of live sperm in broiler breeder males, with the subfertile Delaware cross males being intermediate. There were no significant female line or replicate effects on the duration of fertility; however, there were significant female line effects on overall fertility at both 7 and 21 d. These data suggest that although individual males varied widely, there were no male line effects on the duration of fertility in the lines of broiler breeders evaluated when analyzed by iterative least squares. Furthermore, these data suggest that although females may have significant affects on overall fertility, the duration of fertility appears to be a predominantly male characteristic. Therefore, iterative least squares regression may be a useful tool for identifying males with superior sperm fertilizing ability.
Mapping Semantic Workflows to Alternative Workflow Execution Engines

Current workflows have limited reusability and shelf life because they specify particular application software to be run at each step, which can become obsolete or no longer run. We describe semantic workflow representations composed of domain tasks, which the system then automatically maps to the application codes available in the particular execution environment. We have implemented this approach in the WINGS semantic workflow system, and demonstrate the mapping of workflows to different sets of application codes depending on the workflow execution engine and execution environment selected.
The Numerical Solution of Diffusion Problems in Strongly Heterogeneous Non-isotropic Materials

A new second-order finite-difference algorithm for the numerical solution of diffusion problems in strongly heterogeneous and non-isotropic media is constructed. On problems with rough coefficients or highly nonuniform grids, the new algorithm is superior to all other algorithms we have compared it with. For problems with smooth coefficients on smooth grids, the method is comparable with other second-order methods. The new algorithm is formulated for logically rectangular grids and is derived using thesupport-operators method. A key idea in deriving the method was to replace the usual inner product of vector functions by an inner product weighted by the inverse of the material properties tensor and to use the flux operator, defined as the material properties tensor times the gradient, rather than the gradient, as one of the basic first-order operators in the support-operators method. The discrete analog of the flux operator must also be the negative adjoint of the discrete divergence, in an inner product that is a discrete analog of the continuum inner product. The resulting method is conservative and the discrete analog of the variable coefficient Laplacian is symmetric and negative definite on nonuniform grids. In addition, on any grid, the discrete divergence is zero on constant vectors, the null space for the gradient is the constant functions, and, when the material properties are piecewise constant, the discrete flux operator is exact for piecewise linear functions. We compare the methods on some of the most difficult examples to be found in the literature.
Computerized Decision-Support Systems for Chronic Pain Management in Primary Care

Objective. Computerized decision-support systems (CDSSs) can offer clinical guidance, as well as promote doctor–patient collaboration and patient self-care. As such, they have great potential for improving chronic pain management, particularly in the primary care setting, where physicians often lack sufficient pain-specific clinical expertise and communication skills. The objective of this study was to examine the use of CDSSs in chronic pain management, and to review the evidence for their feasibility and effectiveness. Design. A review of the available literature using search terms associated with computerized decision-support and chronic pain management. Major databases searched included: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Computer and Information Systems Abstracts, and Electronics and Communications Abstracts. Descriptive and evaluative studies were included. Results. Nine studies describing eight CDSSs met study inclusion criteria. With but two exceptions, CDSSs were specific to a pain-related condition(s). All were designed to assist clinicians to manage pain medically. Aside from pain status, input specifications differed markedly. Evaluative studies were exclusively feasibility studies and varied widely in design and level of description. All were nonexperimental; most were methodologically weak. Two primary care studies were reported. Patient and clinician acceptability ratings of CDSSs ranged from moderate to high. Due to insufficient data, definitive conclusions concerning the impact of CDSSs on provider performance and patient outcomes were not possible. Conclusion. Research on CDSSs in chronic pain management is limited. The effects of CDSSs on provider and patient outcomes remain understudied, and their potential to improve doctor–patient collaboration and self-care largely untested.
Current status of intestinal transplantation

Intestinal transplantation is an ultimate surgical option for patients with irreversible failure of the digestive system. There are multiple types of intestinal grafts: isolated intestine, liver–intestine, multivisceral, and modified multivisceral. Indications for intestine transplant include lack of vascular access for parenteral nutrition, development of liver dysfunction, multiple episodes of sepsis or dehydration. Diagnoses which lead to intestinal transplant include gastroschisis and volvulus in the pediatric population, mesenteric thrombosis and trauma in the adult population. Pediatric recipients account for a majority of all intestinal transplants. Monitoring of the intestinal graft requires endoscopy with biopsy, since noninvasive markers for rejection are not yet significantly reliable. Major complications after surgery include rejection and infection episodes. Long-term patient survival in intestinal recipients is achievable with good quality of life and normal enteral function, however, overall rates of patient and graft survival are not as high as in other organ transplants.
A rapid turn-around system for designing efficient fine grained signal processors

A CAD (computer-aided design tool set) designed for rapid prototyping of a specific class of high-performance signal processing architectures is presented. Efficient implementation of these architectures results in systems that are very fast ( >
Inhibition of hyaluronan synthases decreases matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression and activity

Introduction Hyaluronan (HA) and its biosynthetic enzymes hyaluronan synthases (HAS2 and HAS3) mediate Matrigel invasion by SW620 colon carcinoma cells. Because matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in cancer invasion, we hypothesized that changes in HAS expression would alter MMP expression and activity in these cells. Methods To determine whether an MMP was involved in invasion, Matrigel invasion assays with SW620 cells were performed in the presence or absence of the MMP inhibitors GM6001 or TIMP2. HAS isozymes were inhibited by stably transfecting SW620 cells with vectors that contained antisense HAS2 and/or -3 cDNA; transfection with an empty vector served as a control. MMP-7 transcription was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MMP-7 protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzymatic activity compared using zymography. Results GM6001 and TIMP2 decreased Matrigel invasion, which confirms that an MMP played a key role in this process. MMP-7 expression was then detected in SW620 cells. Finally, MMP-7 expression, protein, and enzymatic activity were significantly lower in antisense HAS tranfectants than in SW620 or vector control cells. Conclusion We have demonstrated previously that inhibition of HAS expression and HA production in SW620 colon carcinoma cells inhibits Matrigel invasion. In the studies presented here, we have demonstrated that SW620 cells express high levels of MMP-7 and that inhibition of HAS isozymes dramatically decreases MMP-7 expression, protein, and enzymatic activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that HAS and HA may mediate cellular invasion via changes in MMP-7 expression.
Theoretical Study of Electron Initiated Impact Ionization Rate in Bulk GaN using a Wave Vector Dependent Numerical Transition Rate Formulation

In this paper, we present ensemble Monte Carlo based calculations of electron initiated impact ionization in bulk zincblende GaN using a wavevector dependent formulation of the interband impact ionization transition rate. These are the first reported estimates, either theoretical or experimental, of the impact ionization rates in GaN. The transition rate is determined from Fermi’s golden rule for a two-body screened Coulomb interaction using a numerically determined dielectric function as well as by numerically integrating over all of the possible final states. The Monte Carlo simulator includes the full details of the first four conduction bands derived from an empirical pseudopotential calculation as well as all of the relevant phonon scattering mechanisms. It is found that the ionization rate has a relatively "soft" threshold.
UL31 of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Is Necessary for Optimal NF-κB Activation and Expression of Viral Gene Products

Previous results suggested that the U L 31 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is required for envelopment of nucleocapsids at the inner nuclear membrane and optimal viral DNA synthesis and DNA packaging. In the current study, viral gene expression and NF- K B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation of a herpes simplex virus mutant lacking the U L 31 gene, designated ΔU L 31, and its genetic repair construct, designated ΔU L 31-R, were studied in various cell lines. In Hep2 and Vero cells infected with ΔU L 31, expression of the immediate-early protein ICP4, early protein ICP8, and late protein glycoprotein C (gC) were delayed significantly. In Hep2 cells, expression of these proteins failed to reach levels seen in cells infected with ΔU L 31-R or wild-type HSV-1(F) even after 18 h. The defect in protein accumulation correlated with poor or no activation of NF- K B and JNK upon infection with ΔU L 31 compared to wild-type virus infection. The protein expression defects of the U L 31 deletion mutant were not explainable by a failure to enter nonpermissive cells and were not complemented in an ICP27-expressing cell line. These data suggest that pU L 31 facilitates initiation of infection and/or accelerates the onset of viral gene expression in a manner that correlates with NF- K B activation and is independent of the transactivator ICP27. The effects on very early events in expression are surprising in light of the fact that U L 31 is designated a late gene and pU L 31 is not a virion component. We show herein that while most pUL31 is expressed late in infection, low levels of pU L 31 are detectable as early as 2 h postinfection, consistent with an early role in HSV-1 infection.
Bis-dithiano perylene diimide: synthesis and characterization of a novel ring system

We report the transformation of a 1,7-dibromo perylene diimide into a 1,6,7,12-tetrasulfur-substituted expanded ring system at room temperature in high yield. The resulting bis-dithiano perylene diimide completes the series of five sulfur-annulated perylene ring systems, the first four of which are known. We describe the synthesis and characterization of the title compound, PS4, and other sulfur-annulated species formed under slightly different conditions. Optical and electrochemical data of both solution and solid films of this compound are reported. At slow scan rate a film of PS4 self-organizes, rearranging its structure to accommodate its changing oxidation state. PS4 is a lightly n-doped semiconductor in inert atmosphere (conductivity, σ = 4.6 × 10−6 S cm−1) that becomes compensated in air (σ = 2.4 × 10−9 S cm−1) to an unusual, almost intrinsic (undoped) state. The properties of PS4 suggest applications in organic electronics.
Dry-Process Hardboards from Recycled Newsprint Paper Fibers

Dry-process hardboard represents a favorable option for recycling old newspaper fibers. However, dry-process boards tend to be less dimensionally stable than boards processed by other methods. Our objective was to determine the effects of various wood fiber (WF) to old newspaper (ONP) ratios (100:0, 50:50, and 0:100 WF/ONP) on the mechanical strength and water resistance of dry-process hardboards made from these fibers. Untreated and acetylated hardboards were made with 3 or 7 percent resin and 0.5 percent wax. Boards were tested for static bending and tensile strength properties and water resistance. As expected, increasing the resin level from 3 to 7 percent generally improved all measured properties. Acetylation substantially improved the water resistance of all boards; increasing the amount of ONP caused a corresponding deterioration in both mechanical properties and water resistance.
Latent viral immune inflammatory response model for chronic multisymptom illness.

Abstract A latent viral immune inflammatory response (LVIIR) model is presented which integrates factors that contribute to chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) in both the veteran and civilian populations. The LVIIR model for CMI results from an integration of clinical experience with a review of the literature in four distinct areas: (1) studies of idiopathic multisymptom illness in the veteran population including two decades of research on Gulf War I veterans with CMI, (2) new evidence supporting the existence of chronic inflammatory responses to latent viral antigens and the effect these responses may have on the nervous system, (3) recent discoveries concerning the role of vitamin D in maintaining normal innate and adaptive immunity including suppression of latent viruses and regulation of the immune inflammatory response, and (4) the detrimental effects of extreme chronic repetitive stress (ECRS) on the immune and nervous systems. The LVIIR model describes the pathophysiology of a pathway to CMI and presents a new direction for the clinical assessment of CMI that includes the use of neurological signs from a physical exam, objective laboratory data, and a new proposed latent viral antigen–antibody imaging technique for the peripheral and central nervous system. The LVIIR model predicts that CMI can be treated by a focus on reversal of immune system impairment, suppression of latent viruses and their antigens, and healing of nervous system tissue damaged by chronic inflammation associated with latent viral antigens and by ECRS. In addition, the LVIIR model suggests that maintaining optimal serum 25 OH vitamin D levels will maximize immune system suppression of latent viruses and their antigens and will minimize immune system inflammation. This model also emphasizes the importance of decreasing ECRS to improve immune system function and to minimize nervous system injury from excess serum glucocorticoid levels. The proposed model supports growing evidence that increasing omega 3 essential fatty acid levels in nervous system tissues may decrease inflammation in the nervous system and improve neural plasticity and recovery from neuronal injury.
Ultrastrong field ionization from Ne to Xe: Species dependent enhanced nonsequential ionization

Ionization of Ne, Kr and Xe is measured up to 1018 W cm-2. Correlated multielectron processes (observed up to Xe11+) are shown to increase with atomic number.
Diversity combining in FH/BFSK systems to combat partial band jamming

A combiner for a frequency-hopped binary frequency-shift keyed (FH/BFSK) system, called the product-combining receiver (PCR), is introduced. The performance of the PCR is evaluated for the cases of an on/off partial-band noise with optimum-jamming fraction, and worst-case, partial-band tone jamming. The performance of PCR is shown to be comparable to that of the clipper receiver. The effect of diversity combining, along with convolutional coding and ratio-threshold technique, is analyzed. Whereas the clipper requires the knowledge of signal-to-noise ratio for threshold adjustments, the PCR does not require this knowledge for this operation. >
Tag Retention of T-Bar Anchor Tags and Passive Integrated Transponder Tags in Shovelnose Sturgeon

Abstract Capture–recapture methods are commonly used to estimate population parameters when the necessary assumptions are met. One of the broadest assumptions of capture–recapture models is that tags are not lost. Therefore, one must understand tag retention to be able to adjust estimates if tag loss occurs. Our objectives were to (1) determine retention rates of T-bar anchor tags and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags injected into the dorsal musculature of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and (2) determine whether using an alternative PIT-tagging location (the operculum) and a new tagging procedure (cyanoacrylate [i.e., superglue] to seal the tag insertion point) provided higher retention. The T-bar tags had a retention rate of 100%; PIT tag retention, however, was more variable. Injection of PIT tags along the dorsal fin resulted in a retention rate of 73%, and tag loss was observed throughout the 98-d experiment. The application of cyanoacrylate did not appear to deter PIT tag lo...
Virtual game show host — Dr. Chestr

This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of an interactive virtual human Dr. Chestr: Computerized Host Encouraging Students to Review. Game show hosts exert a unique personality that becomes the trademark of their respective game shows. Our aim is to create virtual humans that can interact naturally and spontaneously using speech, emotions and gesture. Dr. Chestr is our virtual game show host that exhibits a personality designed to increase user engagement. Dr. Chestr is designed to test users with questions about the C++ programming language and allows the user to communicate using the most natural form of interaction, speech. We present the architecture and user evaluations of the Dr. Chestr Game Show.
Nickel-catalyzed heterocycle construction with stereoselective exocyclic alkene introduction

Abstract A series of monocyclic and bicyclic heterocycles with exocyclic alkenes were constructed in a stereoselective fashion by an organozinc/Ni(COD)2 - mediated cyclization of alkynyl enones. Both reductive and alkylative cyclization manifolds were accessible depending on the ligand and organozinc structure. Alkylative cyclizations were generally more efficient than reductive cyclizations, particularly with cyclic substrates.
Neuronal Oscillations and Multisensory Interaction in Primary Auditory Cortex

Summary Recent anatomical, physiological, and neuroimaging findings indicate multisensory convergence at early, putatively unisensory stages of cortical processing. The objective of this study was to confirm somatosensory-auditory interaction in A1 and to define both its physiological mechanisms and its consequences for auditory information processing. Laminar current source density and multiunit activity sampled during multielectrode penetrations of primary auditory area A1 in awake macaques revealed clear somatosensory-auditory interactions, with a novel mechanism: somatosensory inputs appear to reset the phase of ongoing neuronal oscillations, so that accompanying auditory inputs arrive during an ideal, high-excitability phase, and produce amplified neuronal responses. In contrast, responses to auditory inputs arriving during the opposing low-excitability phase tend to be suppressed. Our findings underscore the instrumental role of neuronal oscillations in cortical operations. The timing and laminar profile of the multisensory interactions in A1 indicate that nonspecific thalamic systems may play a key role in the effect.
A low power, highly stabilized three electrode potentiostat for biomedical implantable systems

This paper presents a low-power three-electrode potentiostat for biomedical implantable glucose sensor applications. Low power consumption is one of the most important criteria for a wireless implantable biomedical sensor. Therefore the proposed potentiostat is designed to minimize power consumption of the sensor while maximizing the stability of the system by achieving high phase margin. The transistors in the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) block of the potentiostat are designed to operate in weak inversion region to meet the low-power design objective. Analysis and calculation of the position of the poles and zeros of the potentiostat are also presented in the paper to validate the stability of the system. The proposed potentiostat was implemented in a standard 0.5 μm CMOS process. The measurement results show that the power consumption of the potentiostat is in the range of 4---10 μW over the physiological glucose concentration range (2---22 mM/L), which produces a sensor current in the range of 0.2---2 μA. These results indicate that the particular topology of the OTA presented in the paper is highly suitable for low power implantable biomedical applications.
IMPROVING THE NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF PLANTS TO ENHANCE HUMAN NUTRITION AND HEALTH1

Plant foods contain almost all of the mineral and organic nutrients established as essential for human nutrition, as well as a number of unique organic phytochemicals that have been linked to the promotion of good health. Because the concentrations of many of these dietary constituents are often low in edible plant sources, research is under way to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms that contribute to their transport, synthesis and accumulation in plants. This knowledge can be used to develop strategies with which to manipulate crop plants, and thereby improve their nutritional quality. Improvement strategies will differ between various nutrients, but generalizations can be made for mineral or organic nutrients. This review focuses on the plant nutritional physiology and biochemistry of two essential human nutrients, iron and vitamin E, to provide examples of the type of information that is needed, and the strategies that can be used, to improve the mineral or organic nutrient composition of plants.
Chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors of childhood.

During the past 3 decades, chemotherapeutic agents have been extensively evaluated for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors in a myriad of schedules, doses, and combinations. Remarkable advances in outcome have been achieved for certain groups of children, notably those with medulloblastoma, and chemotherapy has played a key role. However, improvements in survival are obtained at a high cost to quality of life. In addition, the success achieved for medulloblastoma is offset by a lack of progress for high-grade glioma. Despite decades of intensive investigation, no single chemotherapeutic regimen stands out as particularly beneficial for children with high-grade glioma, with the vast majority of these patients succumbing to their disease. A plateau in efficacy has been reached. Further treatment intensification using conventional nonspecific chemotherapy is more likely to result in additional toxicity without major advances in survival. Genomewide analysis using microarray technology has contributed significantly to our understanding of tumor biology. This knowledge has shifted the focus onto novel agents that target molecular changes crucial for tumor proliferation or survival. These selective agents are likely to be less toxic to normal cells and it is anticipated they will be more effective than the nonspecific chemotherapeutic agents currently used.
Venous Thromboembolism in Brain Tumor Patients

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common medical condition, particularly after surgical interventions. Many studies have shown that development of VTE, including both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is more common in surgical patients with cancer than in patients without cancer. This chapter focuses on VTE in brain tumor patients, including their pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Topics discussed included a brief overview of VTE followed by an in-depth discussion of the VTE risks brain tumor patients face in the post-operative period. We conclude with a summary of various recommendations on VTE prophylaxis and a discussion of the controversial nature of VTE chemoprophylaxis for patients undergoing transcranial operations for brain tumors.
Constitutive expression of the tzs gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens virG mutant strains is responsible for improved transgenic plant regeneration in cotton meristem transformation

KEY MESSAGE : virG mutant strains of a nopaline type of Agrobacterium tumefaciens increase the transformation frequency in cotton meristem transformation. Constitutive cytokinin expression from the tzs gene in the virG mutant strains is responsible for the improvement. Strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were tested for their ability to improve cotton meristem transformation frequency. Two disarmed A. tumefaciens nopaline strains with either a virGN54D constitutively active mutation or virGI77V hypersensitive induction mutation significantly increased the transformation frequency in a cotton meristem transformation system. The virG mutant strains resulted in greener explants after three days of co-culture in the presence of light, which could be attributed to a cytokinin effect of the mutants. A tzs knockout strain of virGI77V mutant showed more elongated, less green explants and decreased cotton transformation frequency, as compared to a wild type parental strain, suggesting that expression of the tzs gene is required for transformation frequency improvement in cotton meristem transformation. In vitro cytokinin levels in culture media were tenfold higher in the virGN54D strain, and approximately 30-fold higher in the virGI77V strain, in the absence of acetosyringone induction, compared to the wild type strain. The cytokinin level in the virGN54D strain is further increased upon acetosyringone induction, while the cytokinin level in the virGI77V mutant is decreased by induction, suggesting that different tzs gene expression regulation mechanisms are present in the two virG mutant strains. Based on these data, we suggest that the increased cytokinin levels play a major role in increasing Agrobacterium attachment and stimulating localized division of the attached plant cells.
Measuring and Mining Dynamic Networks

A dynamic network is a mathematical graph representation for time-varying natural systems that consist of many independently interacting entities. In particular, dynamic networks are most useful when the system exhibits extremely complex behavior and is continually changing over time, and when only a record of the interactions between entities are observed. In these cases, the goal is to learn about the underlying natural system by studying the dynamic behavior of the entities in it. By dealing with a graph representation, we can abstract away the increasingly diverse sources of dynamic network data, and extract information from the dynamics of interactions alone. We start by analyzing how the change in structure of networks are quantified over time. This is a fundamental technique used in a variety of fields: for example, can we determine if the average shortest-path length between Internet routers is gradually decreasing from samples of its structure over time? By analyzing a bibliographic database like DBLP, can we conclude that publishing scientists are forming increasingly more connected collaboration networks? We survey existing techniques, and make a case for more sophisticated measurement and mining methods. The first of these new methods is an efficient Fourier-like decomposition for dynamic network data that allows us to analyze the periodicities and periodic patterns present in a dynamic network dataset. Using this tool on several datasets, we find that the method is both efficient and able to recover a spectrum of plausible periodicities in real dynamic networks. Given that there is interesting information that can be extracted from network dynamics, the second new technique proposed is a data mining technique for finding interactions in a dynamic network where the occurrence of one predicts the other. This allows us to tease apart the parts of a network that are regular and predictable. All the methods proposed here serve the broader goal of characterizing and quantifying network dynamics, as advanced forms of measurement that make a minimal set of assumptions about the underlying system.
Glycosphingolipids as Markers for Development and Differentiation and as Regulators of Cell Proliferation

Dramatic changes in glycolipid synthesis from one series to another series have been observed to be associated with early mouse embryogenesis and with differentiation of mouse leukemia cells. Decreased synthesis of the extended globoseries* recognized by anti-SSEA-3 and anti-SSEA-4 antibodies, and a concomitant increase in synthesis of lactoseries (including those recognized by the antiSSEA-1 antibody) have been observed in developing mouse preimplantation embryos and in human teratocarcinoma. Similar shifts of glycolipid synthesis from ganglio- through lacto- to globoseries have been found to be associated with differentiation of mouse M1 leukemia cells.
Race, Nationalism and the State in British and American Modernism: Afterword: myths, monsters, modernization, modernism

My goal in writing this book has been to discuss the politics of modernism in a way that acknowledges the radical change postcolonial thought and other studies of subaltern agency have wrought in our accounts of modernization. The question of modernism's politics has been raised, of course, in the context of the contemporary politics of its individual practitioners (Were they fascist sympathizers? Were they suffragettes? Did they support or oppose Empire?) and in the debates over whether particular literary techniques are “conservative/elitist” or “liberatory/egalitarian.” Similarly, discussions about race and empire in modernism often debate whether the modernist use of material depicting non-Western or non-white people, as in primitivism or various strains of dialect or regionalist modernism, is racist, imperialist or appropriative or whether it is the case that modernists were radically open to Otherness and difference. I argue that the politics of modernism lie not in alignment with left or right but rather in modernism's conceptions of the political subject of history. Modernism is one account of modernization; rewriting the ideological implications and material histories of modernization should make a difference to modernist studies' account of modernism. What postcolonial studies has “done” to cultural histories of modernization is, first, to show that the West's others were not passively modernized but active participants in worldwide modernization, and, second, to show that “the West's” interactions with its colonized others were relevant not merely to those particular moments and locations but to global political and cultural development.
Some Remarks on the Numerical Estimation of Fractal Dimension

Fractal geometry is currently of major interest in many fields. A commonly occurring problem involves determining the fractal dimension. Hausdorff (1919) rigorously defined the concept of fractional dimension, and further theoretical work was done by Besicovitch and others (see Falconer, 1985 or 1990, for an extensive list of references). Few applications were made using the concept of fractals until the early 1970s when Mandelbrot began his work. In the past ten years, many researchers (e.g., Grassberger, 1983; Barton and Larson, 1985; Sreenivasan and Meneveau, 1986; and Hunt and Sullivan, 1989) from a wide variety of disciplines have devised algorithms for estimating fractal dimensions.
A Graphical Phase Plane Approach for Controlling Cargo Transfer on Quay-Side Container Cranes with Hoisting

Input-shaping is a practical open-loop strategy for the control of transient and residual oscillations on cranes, especially those having fixed cable length and predefined payload transfer paths. In this paper we extend the double-step input-shaping control approach to include maneuvers that involve hoisting. The approach is based on using the graphical representation of the phase plane of the payload oscillations. The phase plane is used to derive mathematical constraints to compute the switching times of a double-step acceleration command profile that will result in minimal transient and residual oscillations. The controller design is based on an accurate two-dimensional four-bar-mechanism model of a container crane. For the purpose of controller design, the model is reduced to a constrained double pendulum with variable length link and a kinematic angular constraint. The generated commands were based on both a linear and a nonlinear frequency approximation of the payload oscillation period. Results demonstrated that in contrast with the singlestep input shaping controllers, which are very sensitive to frequency approximations, the proposed double-step controller is less sensitive to small variations in the frequency even for large commanded accelerations. Numerical simulations demonstrated that using this approach, oscillations during and at the end of transfer maneuvers can be reduced to less than 2 cm.
Phosphorus Leaching in Soils Amended with Animal Manures Generated from Modified Diets

New dietary modifications for dairy (reducing P content in feed) and poultry (addition of feed additives such as phytase) aim to reduce P excretion in manures. Our objective was to investigate if dietary changes were effective at reducing P leaching loss on land application of manures. We used 54 undisturbed lysimeters (30 cm diameter, 50 cm deep) collected from three typical mid-Atlantic soils. Lysimeters received 85 kg total P ha from fertilizer (superphosphate), dairy manures generated from low- or high-P diets, or broiler litters generated from normal diet or reduced P- and phytase-amended diets. Lysimeters were irrigated with 50 mm of water each week for 9 wk. The major forms of P in the leachate were dissolved (dissolved unreactive > dissolved reactive P [DRP]) rather than particulate (total particulate P). The higher P solubility (100%) in superphosphate resulted in greater leaching of DRP, whereas the lower P solubility (<30%) in dairy manures or broiler litters resulted in lower DRP leaching from soils. Preferential flow in two soils caused greater DRP leaching; this effect was more pronounced in the superphosphate-amended than in the manure/litter-amended lysimeters. The dairy and poultry dietary modification was effective at reducing the amount of P in manures and litters. However, the application of treatments at similar P rate (85 kg ha) resulted in the addition of a higher amount of manure (54-66%) in lysimeters that received low-P dairy manure-amended and phytase-amended broiler litter, which then controlled P leaching from soils.
Status quo and Trend of the Development of the University-industry Cooperation in the Developed Countries

By understanding the status quo of the university-industry cooperation in the developed countries,and the development trend of this cooperation worldwide in time,this paper provides reference for university-industry cooperation in China.Qualitative research approaches such as history reviewing and literature retrieval have been used.In short,with the government's attention,excellent environment for cooperation and high enthusiasm of the cooperative parties,the university-industry cooperation in the developed countries is relatively mature nowadays.The following trends are shown: the co-operation objects are developing from the traditional university-industry to the government-university-industry;the cooperation scale from small,scattered to large and gathered;the cooperation scope from single country,single field to cross-border and cross-field;Free movement of the researchers are encouraged,etc.
Stabilization principle in dynamics: a tutorial

This paper introduces and illustrates the stabilization principle that provides a strategy for modeling post instability behavior in dynamics, including turbulence and chaos. It starts with investigation of different types of instability with the objective to demonstrate that stability is not a physical invariant since it depends upon the frame to which the motion is referred, upon the class of functions in which the governing equations are derived. The application of the stabilization principle to the Navier–Stokes equations is illustrated by closure of the Reynolds equations for the Poiseuille flow.
Knowing God Liturgically

In this essay I develop the thesis that one way in which a person can come to know God is by learning to participate in Christian liturgical enactments. After analyzing some ordinary examples of practical knowledge yielding knowledge of things or substances, I turn to the knowledge of God yielded by the acquisition of practical liturgical knowledge. Pervasive in Christian liturgical enactments is address to God. So, while acknowledging that one can come to know God liturgically by listening to the reading of Scripture and to the sermon, I focus on coming to know God by learning to address God in certain ways. I argue that it is especially by what one takes for granted when addressing God, and by the addressee-identification terms that one learns to employ, that one comes to know God by learning the Christian practice of addressing God.
Designing a Dis-Entropic Organization

Many of us would be surprised to learn that the very logic of size, power and control which brought success and stability in the past have also been the source of disorder, chaos and attrition of energy and enthusiasm in organizations. In the past, organizations were desired for their size, abundance, financial strength, and managers were celebrated for their political prowess, tactical creativity, predictable and customary style of leadership, and employees believed that people at the top are omnipotent and have all the wisdom to secure everybody's interest. Such factors, no doubt, had played significant role in ensuring profitability, efficiency, and scale-based economic advantages. In the recent times, however, as organizations are facing accelerated change and unsurmountable complexity, managers and employees find themselves helpless; feel that they have no locus of control on their actions, often could not trust their fellow employees and easily get offended by sermons from corporate leaders. And whenever they experience uncertainty and instability due to accelerated change, organizational decisions are deployed with the routine logic and thumb-rule that worked well in the past, be it change management, leadership selection, corporate strategy, and choice of financial instrument. Pursuing a trodden path to think and decide a course of action to resolve modern organizational challenges can be an invitation for disaster. Complexity and pace of change in environments create paradoxical management tensions both from within and without. While organizations have to keep moving to stay current and cope with the dynamic changes in consumer segments, regulations, global trends and technology, they also have to deal the paradoxical tensions with regard to organization design choices, resource allocation, business strategies, stakeholder expectations, time-horizon of investments and returns, choice of technology formats, cooperative vs competitive strategies, or whether to externalize the transactions or internalize them with ownership and bureaucratic controls.
Vascular Anatomy of the Upper Limbs

This chapter will describe the vasculature of the upper limb, including a discussion of collateral circulation. Wherever possible English (rather than Latin) nomenclature will be used, directions will be described in terms of the anatomical position with the upper limbs at the sides and forearms supinated with palms facing anteriorly.
Shopaholic stories: Tales of therapeutic addiction, governance, and political economy

Contemporary culture encourages shopping to abate negative emotions or alter one’s disposition. This phenomenon has become known as retail therapy. Using two types of narratives – those told by mas...
The Hellenistic Age

As a teacher of ancient history, each semester, I face the challenge of giving students with no prior knowledge of the Greco-Roman world (or, perhaps, anything that happened before 1995) enough bac...
A Rasch analysis of the Current Opioid Misuse Measure for patients with chronic pain.

Objective: Pilot study to assess psychometric indices of the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM). Design: Correlational. Setting: Patients with varied chronic pain from a family healthcare center. Patients: Inclusion criteria were over 21 years of age and prescribed opioids for any-origin noncancer pain; 46 patients were enrolled. Outcome measure(s): The COMM, the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSE-Q), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and a demographic questionnaire. Results: Preliminary analysis indicated issues with dimensionality and scale use. Analysis after remedial procedures yielded unidimensionality and appropriate scale use, with the measure showing invariance across sex and low significant correlation with the PHQ-9 but not the PSE-Q. Conclusions: The COMM had adequate reliability, measured a distinct construct, and no significant differential item function was found. However, scale use for this sample was questionable, and three items misfit the Rasch model. Replication with a larger sample is needed to ensure the measure's psychometric quality for diagnostic use.
Hypsignathus monstrosus (Hammer-headed fruit bat)

Lymphocyte cultures (2 x pokeweed) from three animals (1.2) at San Diego Zoo provided the basis for these karyotypes. No Y chromosome was identified in the male. Pairing is arbitrary and identification of X is tentative.
Expert Knowledge as a Foundation for the Management of Secretive Species and Their Habitat

In this chapter, we share lessons learned during the elicitation and application of expert knowledge in the form of a belief network model for the habitat of a waterbird, the King Rail (Rallus elegans). A belief network is a statistical framework used to graphically represent and evaluate hypothesized cause and effect relationships among variables. Our model was a pilot project to explore the value of such a model as a tool to help the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) conserve species that lack sufficient empirical data to guide management decisions. Many factors limit the availability of empirical data that can support landscape-scale conservation planning. Globally, most species simply have not yet been subject to empirical study (Wilson 2000). Even for well-studied species, data are often restricted to specific geographic extents, to particular seasons, or to specific segments of a species’ life history. The USFWS mandates that the agency’s conservation actions (1) be coordinated across regional landscapes, (2) be founded on the best available science (with testable assumptions), and (3) support adaptive management through monitoring and assessment of action outcomes. Given limits on the available data, the concept of “best available science” in the context of conservation planning generally includes a mix of empirical data and expert knowledge (Sullivan et al. 2006).
Planning Issues in Retail Development

This chapter addresses the interaction of the retail project developer with the municipal development and planning review process. An overview of the steps in the approval process is set forth, followed by background information describing what planners do and what their general reasoning process is. Common retail development problem issues are discussed, including dealing with noncompatible contiguous residential land uses, neighborhood opposition, off-site transportation effects, and infrastructure and fiscal impacts. The potential effects of large retail big box projects that threaten to weaken competing shopping districts are also covered. Closing comments address priorities for the mutual benefit of both the developer and the community.
Afterword: Filmmaking as critical participant observation

The essays in this special issue illuminate the productive convergence of tourism anthropology and visual anthropology. I suggest that filmmakers, ethnographers, and tourists must be seen as the exotic other. To do so is to critically probe at the subjective boundaries employed by contemporary tourism imaginaries and anthropological ideologies: between us and them, hosts and guests, near and far. It is also to ask what else is at stake in tourism anthropology and filmmaking today. In this afterword, I discuss the potential contributions of filmmaking as critical participant observation in tourism anthropology by discussing recent scholarship on tourism imaginaries and by raising new questions about the idea of the exotic other in tourism and filmmaking.