cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of primary and secondary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: a population-based study of 4758 patients

Abstract Importance : Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies whose specific site tropisms and site-specific survival have not been well documented. Objective : Investigate frequency and survival for primary and secondary cutaneous MZL (pcMZL and scMZL), primary and secondary cutaneous FCL (pcFCL and scFCL), and primary and secondary cutaneous DLBCL (pcDLBCL and scDLBCL) to better understanding their prognosis and natural history. Participants : 4758 cases of CBCL diagnosed between 1975-2016 in the SEER-18 database Results : pcMZL was disproportionately likely to present on the face and upper limb while those of scMZL approximated the expected ratios based on body surface area. pcFCL and scFCL were more likely to present on the face and scalp/neck. pcDLBCL and scDLBCL were more likely to present on the face, scalp/neck, and lower limb. Patients with systemic MZL or FCL, but not DLBCL, had significantly better survival than those diagnosed in the skin than at other sites. Conclusions and Relevance : All of these lymphomas demonstrate site-specific tropisms and survival. Molecular characterization of cutaneous lymphomas with analyses of tumor microenvironment are the next steps in understanding disease biology.
Phonation Threshold Pressure Revisited: Effects of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activation

Objectives/hypothesis Phonation threshold pressure (Pth ) is the minimum subglottic pressure required to reach phonation onset and is considered a marker for vocal efficiency and health. We investigated the effects of intrinsic laryngeal muscle (ILM) activation on Pth . Study design In vivo animal study. Methods In an in vivo canine phonation model, laryngeal adductor muscles were activated together by stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) and individually via stimulation of respective terminal nerve branches. Cricothyroid (CT) muscles were activated via stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerves. ILMs were activated in a graded manner at various combinations as transglottal airflow was gradually increased. Aerodynamic and glottal posture parameters were measured at phonation onset. Results Graded RLN stimulation decreased glottal distance and increased Pth . Thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle activation alone increased Pth . Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle activation alone had minimal effects. However, graded TA activation as a function of LCA activation level revealed a synergistic relationship between the two muscles in increasing Pth . Effects of CT activation were dependent on adductor stimulation level: CT activation increased Pth at low RLN stimulation levels and decreased Pth at high RLN levels. Conclusions The effects of ILM activation on Pth were consistent with their expected effects on vocal fold stiffness and tension. TA was the primary adductor controlling Pth . While LCA alone had minimal effects on Pth , it enhanced the role of TA in controlling Pth . TA and CT have antagonistic roles in controlling Pth . These relationships should be considered in clinical efforts to improve ease of phonation and vocal efficiency. Level of evidence N/A, basic science Laryngoscope, 2021.
Letters of Credit and the Insolvent Applicant: A Recipe for Bad Faith Dishonor

This Article will focus on the letter of credit's failure to protect against buyer insolvency, and it will show how the letter of credit system provides an issuing bank with substantial discretion to deny payment under a letter of credit when it believes its customer, the buyer, is unable to reimburse it. The Article will also consider whether the bank's obligation to act in good faith should limit its discretion to deny payment to the seller under a letter of credit when the buyer is insolvent. This Article will focus on those cases where the bank dishonors the letter of credit when the buyer/applicant insolvent. Part II of this Article will focus on the causes and consequences of letter of credit failure. Part III will consider certain conduct of the issuing bank which could be considered opportunistic, the incentives for such conduct, and the impact it has on the letter of credit process. Part IV will discuss the obligation of good faith imposed on issuing banks; the impact on this obligation of two important aspects of letter of credit law, strict compliance and the independence principle; and the different approaches to the good faith obligation taken in the Untied States and in civil law countries. Finally, Part V will consider the application of the good faith standard when a bank denies payment under a letter of credit because the applicant is insolvent. The Article concludes that in cases of applicant insolvency, when a bank is likely to dishonor a letter of credit because it fears non-reimbursement, the bank's claim that it is dishonoring for other reasons should be carefully scrutinized. Holding a bank to a good faith standard of conduct in cases of applicant insolvency would strengthen the letter of credit process and provide an incentive to all banks to follow standard practices when dealing with letters of credit.
Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic

This chapter contains sections titled: Fuzzy Sets Fuzzy Set Operations Extension Principle and Fuzzy Relations Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Inference Systems Multifactorial Evaluation Extracting Fuzzy Models from Data Review Questions and Problems References for Further Study
Coupling interval dispersion and body mass index are independent predictors of idiopathic premature ventricular complex-induced cardiomyopathy.

Predictors of LV Dysfunction with Idiopathic PVC Introduction Patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) might be at risk for the developing or exacerbation of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, some patients with a high-PVC burden do not develop cardiomyopathy, while other patients with low-PVC burden can develop cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the positive predictors of idiopathic PVCs-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results We investigated 214 patients undergoing successful ablation of PVCs who had no other causes of cardiomyopathy. We divided the study cohort into 2 groups: ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 50% (normal LV) and EF 30 kg/m2; 37% vs. 13%; P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that CI-dispersion, PVC burden, and BMI (>30 kg/m2) are independent predictors of PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. Conclusions In addition to the PVC burden, the CI-dispersion and BMI are associated with PVC-induced cardiomyopathy.
Thermosonic flip-chip bonding for an 8/spl times/8 VCSEL array

The introduction of ultrasonic energy to the flip-chip bonding process has the potential to increase the speed of the operation while at the same time lowering the physical stresses on the bonded components. This is a significant consideration for the optoelectronics components that will be used in many single and multi-chip module assemblies. However, at this time, while many empirical studies have shown that thermosonic flip-chip bonding is feasible, there is a lack of detailed understanding of the effects of the ultrasonic energy on the bonding results. At the University of Colorado, we are conducting experiments and developing models that will provide a sound understanding and a rational basis for thermosonic flip-chip bonding. This report details our findings concerning the aspects important to the development of thermosonic flip-chip bonding technology.
Wolf-Rayet Stars

The Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars are very rare, hot, luminous objects whose spectra are dominated by broad (∼ 103 km s-1) emission lines that rise above a faint continuum in the optical region. Prominent emission lines from highly excited ions of helium, He, carbon, C, nitrogen, N, and oxygen, O, are used in their spectral classification (see accompanying table). There are two major subtypes of the WR stars; those dominated by lines of helium and nitrogen ions (the WN stars) and those that contain lines of carbon, oxygen and helium ions (the WC stars).
The Role of IUE in the Hubble Space Telescope Era

When will Space Telescope be launched? Also, when will the IUE satellite die? If there is a time of overlap of these two, what will be the the role of IUE, given the extraordinary capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)?
@toread and Cool: Subjective, Affective and Associative Factors in Tagging

This paper examines the use of non subject related tags in social bookmarking tools. Previous studies of tagging determined that many common tags are not directly subject related but are in fact affective tags dwelling on a user's emotional response to a document or are time and task related tags related to a users current projects or activities. These tags have been analysed to examine their role in the tagging process. (Paper at http://www.cais-acsi.ca/proceedings/2008/kipp_2008.pdf)
Agonist-induced periodic vasomotion in rat isolated pulmonary artery

Vasomotion is linked to the rapid oscillations of intracellular calcium levels. In rat pulmonary artery, this activity can manifest as a slow periodic on-off pattern, the timing of which depends on the type and intensity of pharmacological stimuli employed. In this study, we have sought to characterize a slow-wave vasomotor activity pattern induced in isolated arterial ring preparations by simultaneous exposure to the α(1) -adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (1-10 nm) and the L channel agonist S(-)-Bay K 8644 (3-20 nm). Treated tissues responded with a stable on-off pattern of vasomotion persisting for >5 h at 5-6 cycles/h. In intact rings, this response was suppressed by methacholine and restored or enhanced by N(ω) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Analogous inhibitory effects were obtained with high Mg(2+) , 8-Br-cGMP (but not 8-Br-cAMP), riluzole, ryanodine, chelerythrine, and fasudil. Pinacidil (30 nm) increased off-cycle length without change in slow-wave amplitude. Conversely, tetraethylammonium (1.0-3.0 mm) augmented the latter without affecting periodicity. Carbenoxolone (10 μm) abolished slow-wave activity, while raising basal tone and inducing random phasic activity. In endothelium-denuded rings, the threshold of agonist-induced slow-wave vasomotion was lowered and a similar inhibitory effect obtained with carbenoxolone. In conclusion, the slow-wave pattern of vasomotion described here is (i) subject to inhibitory modulation by endothelial NO and an array of voltage-gated and leak K conductances yet to be fully characterized; (ii) dependent on Ca(2+) from both extracellular and sarcoendoplasmatic sources; (iii) controlled by kinase (Rho and PKC)-mediated regulation of myosin light chain phosphatase; and (iv) synchronized via intermyocyte gap junctions.
Chemical and Physical Characterization of a Novel Poly(Carbonate Urea) Urethane Surface with Protein Crosslinker Sites

A major complication which occurs with implantable polyurethane biomaterials is bioincompatibility between blood and the biomaterial surface. Development of a novel biodurable polyurethane surface to which biological agents, such as growth factors or anticoagulants could be covalently bound, would be beneficial. The purpose of this study was to synthesize a novel poly(carbonate urea) urethane polymer with carboxylic acid groups which would serve as "anchor" sites for protein attachment. Physical characteristics such as tensile strength, initial modulus, ultimate elongation, tear strength, water/alcohol uptake and water vapor permeation were then evaluated and compared to other biomedical-grade polyurethanes. Covalent linkage of the blood protein albumin to this novel surface was then examined. A biodurable polycarbonate-based polyurethane containing carboxylic acid groups (cPU) was synthesized using a two step procedure incorporating the chain extender 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-propionic acid (DHMPA). Tensil...
A general computational scheme for testing admissibility of nilpotent orbits of real lie groups of inner type

One of the most fundamental problems in the field of Representation Theory is the description of all the unitary representations of a given group. For non-compact real reductive Lie groups, there is evidence that new unitary representations can be obtained from data provided by their admissible nilpotent orbits. In this paper, we describe a general scheme for determining the admissibility of a given real nilpotent orbit. We implement some parts of the scheme using the software system LiE. We give a detailed example and study the complexity of the algorithms.
Immunology of Transplantation

Tissues transferred between genetically nonidentical individuals are destroyed through a process known broadly as rejection. It has been apparent throughout most of medical history that these tissues could provide relief from disease if they were not rejected. Thus, the field of transplantation has grown in tandem with the understanding of the biology of rejection and, to the extent that rejection is an immune-mediated process, of the immune system in general. This close relationship between immunological science and clinical transplantation has fueled remarkable progress in our understanding of immune function and of the fundamental nature of our existence as individuals. The components of the immune system that have been defined in this context are now widely recognized not only for their importance in graft rejection but also for their roles in infection control, shock, tumor growth, autoimmune disease, and the systemic response to trauma. As such, the understanding of immunology that has been born of the study of transplantation has become key to the thorough understanding of the biology of modern medicine and surgery.
Confidentiality and disclosure in accreditation.

Accrediting bodies possess a great deal of sensitive information: data harvested from accredited institutions through reports and inspection surveys; intelligence provided by persons with an interest in influencing accreditation decisions (including administrators, staff, employees, consumers, and complainants); decisions and reports generated by the accreditor in the accreditation process; and material regarding accreditation standards and procedures. Indeed, accrediting bodies are in the information business.1 Their primary tasks include generating information in the form of accreditation standards that define acceptable performance within a field, assembling information about institutions that desire accreditation under those standards, processing that information through various decisionmaking algorithms, and ultimately producing information as to which institutions meet or fail to meet those standards. Issues of control of information are thus of prime importance to both accrediting bodies and those affected by their decisions. This article considers these issues.
Physiological impacts on alkenone paleothermometry

We conducted isothermal (15°C) batch culture experiments with the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (strain NEPCC 55a) to evaluate the extent to which nutrient and light stress contribute to variability in the alkenone unsaturation index U37K′. Alkenone content and composition were constant throughout exponential growth in both experiments when nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphate) were replete. Stationary phase (nutrient-starved) cells continued to produce alkenones, amassing concentrations (ΣAlk) ≥ 3 times higher than those dividing exponentially (1.5–2 pg cell−1), and the U37K′ of “excess” alkenone dropped by 0.11 units. In contrast, 5 days of continuous darkness resulted in a 75% decrease in cellular ΣAlk and a significant U37K′ increase (+0.11 units). Given an established 0.034 unit/°C response for exponentially growing cells of this strain, the observed range of U37K′ variability at 15°C corresponds to an uncertainty of ±3.2°C in predicted growth temperature. This level of variability matches that of the global U37K′ annual mean sea surface temperature calibration for surface marine sediments, begging the question: What is the physiological condition of alkenone-producing cells exported to marine sediments? Comparison of our laboratory results for a strain of E. huxleyi isolated from the subarctic Pacific Ocean with depth profiles for alkenones in surface waters from two contrasting sites in the northeast Pacific Ocean suggests that the answer to this question depends on the ocean regime considered, a possibility with significant bearing on how stratigraphic U37K′ records in marine sediments are to be interpreted paleoceanographically.
Clinical fetal monitoring

Fetal evaluation during both the antepartum and intrapartum periods is increasing in our quest to improve perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, continuous electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is being used increasingly for fetal surveillance during the intrapartum period. Assessment of the possible benefits of clinical monitoring is pertinent since this technique requires capital expenditure, educational programs, and increased patient surveillance. The absolute proof of perinatal benefit is difficult since there is a lack of clear-cut, measurable end points which denote success or failure. Perinatal death is fortunately infrequent, but its occasional occurrence does provide an acceptable end point which can be evaluated. In order to evaluate the possible effects of clinical monitoring, the perinatal mortality rate in a large monitored group was compared with that in an unmonitored group. The incidence of intrapartum fetal and neonatal death was compared in these two groups. The monitored group was comprised of patients with “high-risk” obstetric problems who should have contributed heavily to over-all perinatal deaths. However, comparison revealed that the perinatal outcome was better in the monitored than in the unmonitored group. Although clinical fetal monitoring seems to provide some immediate perinatal benefit, the over-all impact and potential benefit await critical infant follow-up evaluation.
Dopaminergic lesions of the dorsolateral striatum in rats increase delay discounting in an impulsive choice task.

Dysregulated dopamine transmission in striatal circuitry is associated with impulsivity. The current study evaluated the influence of dopaminergic inputs to the dorsolateral striatum on impulsive choice, one aspect of impulsive behavior. We implemented an operant task that measures impulsive choice in rats via delay discounting wherein intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) was used as the positive reinforcer. To do so, rats were anesthetized to allow implanting of a stimulating electrode within the lateral hypothalamus of one hemisphere and bilateral dorsal striatal injections of the dopaminergic toxin, 6-OHDA (lesioned) or its vehicle (sham). Following recovery, rats were trained in a delay discounting task wherein they selected between a small ICSS current presented immediately after lever pressing, and a large ICSS current presented following a 0 to 15s delay upon pressing the alternate lever. Task acquisition and reinforcer discrimination were similar for lesioned and sham rats. All rats exhibited an initial preference for the large reinforcer, and as the delay was increased, preference for the large reinforcer was decreased indicating that the subjective value of the large reinforcer was discounted as a function of delay time. However, this discounting effect was significantly enhanced in lesioned rats for the longer delays. These data reveal a contribution of dopaminergic inputs to the dorsolateral striatum on impulsive choice behavior, and provide new insights into neural substrates underlying discounting behaviors.
What is a (social) structural explanation

A philosophically useful account of social structure must accommodate the fact that social structures play an important role in structural explanation. But what is a structural explanation? How do structural explanations function in the social sciences? This paper offers a way of thinking about structural explanation and sketches an account of social structure that connects social structures with structural explanation.
An Approximate Probabilistic Model for Structured Gaussian Elimination

Many of the fast methods for factoring integers and computing discrete logarithms require the solution of large sparse linear systems of equations over finite fields. Structured Gaussian elimination has been proposed as a first step in solving such sparse systems. It is a method for selecting pivots in an attempt to preserve the sparseness of the coefficient matrix. Eventually it terminates with a (smaller) residual linear system which must be solved by some other method. In many cases, the original column density is roughly proportional to the reciprocal of the of the column index. We discuss the asymptotic behavior of structured Gaussian elimination for this situation. One result is the observation that, for the column density just mentioned, the size of the residual system grows linearly with the size of the problem. This makes it possible to extrapolate the results of Monte Carlo simulation to much larger problems.
Structure Of Campylobacter Jejuni Lipopolysaccharides Determines Antiganglioside Specificity And Clinical Features Of Guillain‐Barre, And Miller Fisher Patients

Ganglioside mimicry in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fraction of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) patients was compared with isolates from patients with an uncomplicated enteritis. The antibody response to C. jejuni LPS and gangliosides in neuropathy patients and controls was compared as well. LPS from GBS and MFS-associated isolates more frequently contained ganglioside-like epitopes compared to control isolates. Almost all neuropathy patients showed a strong antibody response against LPS and multiple gangliosides in contrast to enteritis patients. Isolates from GBS patients more frequently had a GM1-like epitope than isolates from MFS patients. GQ1b-like epitopes were present in all MFS-associated isolates and was associated with anti-GQ1b antibody reactivity and the presence of oculomotor symptoms. These results demonstrate that the expression of ganglioside mimics is a risk factor for the development of post-Campylobacter neuropathy. This study provides additional evidence for the hypothesis that the LPS fraction determines the antiganglioside specificity and clinical features in post-Campylobacter neuropathy patients.
Passivity-based self-triggered control: a case study on the trajectory tracking control of a robotic manipulator over wireless network

In this paper we present a case study on the trajectory tracking control of a robotic manipulator over a wireless network. We use passivity and self-triggered control to achieve two important desirable properties of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), efficient use of resources and stability in the presence of network uncertainties. By using a passivity based approach, our design ensures the stability of the overall system even in the presence of network uncertainties while the self-triggered strategy ensures efficient use of network resources. We present preliminary simulation results to demonstrate our approach for the case study.
Distribution of Aflatoxin in Pistachios. 3. Distribution in Pistachio Process Streams

The distribution of aflatoxin concentration has been measured by sampling 19 process streams ranging from 1 to 1000 nuts/sample. The 19 streams comprise substantially the entire sorted product of one producer for crop year 1992. Similar results were obtained by another producer for 1993. The fraction of total aflatoxin accounted for by each process stream was computed. It was concluded that 90% of aflatoxin is contained in 4.6% of (low-quality) product; removal of this product would reduce average aflatoxin from 1.2 to 0.12 ng/g for all product sold for human consumption. On the basis of the aflatoxin distributions of the processed as well as an unprocessed stream, the conclusion is drawn that all aflatoxin found here arises in the orchard; none is produced under normal processing conditions. It is estimated that the necessary sample size (in terms of the sample mean and desired variance of the mean) for aflatoxin measurement in pistachios is given by number of nuts ) (8 10 5 ng/g) mean/variance.
Transient studies of light-adapted cultures of hairy roots of Catharanthus roseus: growth and indole alkaloid accumulation.

Cultures of C. roseus transgenic ("hairy") root clones LBE-6-1 and LBE-4-2 were adapted with periodic daily illumination to investigate the effect of light on growth and nutrient utilization, and the accumulation of the indole alkaloids. Light-adapted roots appeared green and had radially thickened morphology compared with dark-grown controls. Their growth rates were higher than dark-grown controls, with 45% lower doubling times: LBE-6-1, 3.6 days; LBE-4-2, 2.8 days. Relative to dark-grown controls, light-adapted growth increased the biomass (DW) of LBE-6-1 by 25%, but had no effect on the DW of LBE-4-2. The macronutrients NH4+, NO3-, Pi, and sugars, were depleted completely by light-adapted root cultures in that order. The specific and total levels of the indole alkaloid serpentine was enhanced and of tabersonine was lowered in both root clones, while the overall trends of growth and non-growth association of tabersonine and serpentine, respectively, remained unaltered by light adaptation. Ajmalicine accumulation was enhanced in LBE-6-1, but lowered in LBE-4-2; its accumulation was growth-associated in dark-grown LBE-6-1, but appeared non-growth associated in light-adapted cultures. The accumulation of tabersonine-related compounds, lochnericine, and horhammericine exhibited growth-associated trends, and were either negatively affected or unaffected by light adaptation of LBE-6-1. Neither vindoline nor its precursor, deacetylvindoline, was detected.
REASSESSMENT OF GERMLINE HEAVY CHAIN TRANSCRIPTS FROM TWO MURINE VH FAMILIES

Abstract While expression of functional heavy chain immunoglobulin mRNA requires rearrangement of variable (V H ), diversity (D) and (JH) gene segments, these individual gene segments can be transcribed prior to their rearrangement. It has been proposed that the resulting germline, or sterile, transcripts play an important role in the rearrangement process because strong correlations between rearrangement frequency and sterile transcript levels have been observed in some studies. Murine V H genes have been grouped into families on the basis of coding sequence homology. VH families rearrange in a developmentally regulated manner, so that rearrangements of genes from several V H families are detected earlier than rearrangements of J558 family genes. Paradoxically, the only V H family for which sterile transcripts have been documented is the J558 family. We used RT-PCR analyses to ask whether sterile transcripts from other V H families could be detected in fetal liver samples prior to their rearrangement. While J558 family germline transcripts were easily detected, no sterile transcripts were observed from the S107 family. Our studies also revealed the ability of small quantities of degraded genomic DNA to nonspecifically prime cDNA synthesis, emphasizing the need for caution in interpreting RT-PCR data in which family-specific oligos are used for cDNA production. These results cast doubt on the idea that sterile transcripts are required for V H DJ H rearrangement.
Isolation of CD45RO+, memory T cells recognizing proteolipid protein from neurologically normal subjects.

Previous studies provide evidence for in vivo activation of MBP-reactive T cells in subjects with multiple sclerosis. In general, in vivo activation occurs less frequently in healthy control subjects. In the current study we examined the T cell response to proteolipid protein in PBMC isolated from 9 control subjects. We used CD45 isotypes as markers for memory and naive T cells to assess in vivo activation of CD4+ T cells reactive with PLP. In contrast to the results obtained using MBP, we found that approximately 50% of PLP-reactive T cells were derived from the CD45RO+ memory subpopulation of T cells isolated from these control subjects. These results indicate that some myelin-reactive T cells have undergone activation in vivo in neurologically intact individuals. This suggests that immunoregulatory mechanisms may be present that prevent overt disease in spite of in vivo activation of PLP-reactive T cells.
Anomalous effects of heterologous normal serum on interferon production in mice.

WHILE studying the inhibitory effect of burro anti-mouse lymphocyte serum on the production of interferon in mice1, we investigated whether rabbit anti-mouse lymphocyte serum (ALS) had similar activity. There was some inhibition of interferon production after intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly IC) in NIH Swiss strain mice pretreated with three doses of potent rabbit anti-mouse lymphocyte serum. Animals treated with normal rabbit serum, however, showed a similar inhibition of interferon production (Table 1), although normal burro serum had no effect1.
Metabolism of the Methyl Group of Nicotine in Nicotiana rustica

The methyl group of nicotine has been shown to participate in transmethylation reactions involving methionine (3) and choline (8). De novo synthesis of radioactive nicotine from nornicotine, methioninemethyl-C14 and ATP was demonstrated recently in leaves of Nicotiana alata (9). In the present study the rate of metabolism of the methyl group of nicotinemethyl-C14 and the rate of transmethylation from methionine-methyl-C14 to nicotine were investigated in mature N. rustica plants. It has been suggested that metabolism of nicotine takes place in the roots of tobacco plants (8). After translocation to the upper parts of the plant, nicotine is thought,to remain metabolically inert. This was confirmed in part by studying metabolism of methyland ring-labeled nicotine and methyl-labeled methionine in rootless N. rustica plants. In contrast to plants with roots, rootless plants showed little or no ability to metabolize ringlabeled nicotine or to transfer methyl groups from methionine to nicotine. However, methyl groups of methyl-labeled nicotine were metabolized by plants without roots to the extent of 39 % of the total nicotine methyl metabolism in whole plants.
Agenda control by budget maximizers in a multi-bureau setting

While the present extension of the single issue model of agenda control has permitted the examination of a wide array of questions within a consistent overall framework and has generated new insights, some qualifications are in order. First, the analysis, like Niskanen's and Romer and Rosenthal's is strictly limited to one form of agenda control — take-it-or-leave-it offers made relative to some reversion level. Second, each of the bureaus in this extension are single activity bureaus. As a result, certain types of agenda control that might exist when there are several dimensions to each bureau's activity, such as the mix chosen for various sub-activities or the spatial distribution of the bureau's output, are ignored. See Denzau and Mackay (1980) and Mackay and Weaver (1979a, b) for analyses of these types of agenda control for the case of a single bureau. Third, as a point of reference and for expositional simplicity, the analysis for the most part was executed with a single decisive voter on all issues. As a result, certain complexities and, perhaps, additional ambiguities were avoided. Finally, in an effort to isolate and study the effects of the supply side phenomenon of agenda control, a simple, traditional model of the demand side of the collective choice process was employed. For the simplest demand side-passive supply side models this has typically proved quite adequate. As models of the collective choice process have become more complex, however, taking on more strategic features, the weaknesses of certain of the standard assumptions implicit in this demand side model become more apparent. In particular, the assumption that voters vote sincerely and non-strategically is likely to be strained by most specifications of the dynamics of the voting process since learning on the part of voters would condition expectations and, perhaps, alter choice. The inclusion of expectations formation into the model of voter behavior would certainly seem, at least at the intuitive level, to introduce an interesting additional set of constraints on agenda setters that may limit to some extent the expansionary tendencies described in this paper. In short, each of these qualifications should provide fertile ground for future research.
A new genus and species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from deep-water, Beaufort Sea, northern Alaska.

Bivalve mollusk shells were collected in 2350 m depth in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean off northern Alaska. Initial identification suggested the specimens were a member of the bivalve family Thyasiridae, but no known eastern Pacific or Arctic living or fossil thyasirid resembled these deep-water specimens. Comparisons were made with the type of the genera Maorithyas Fleming, 1950, Spinaxinus Oliver & Holmes, 2006, Axinus Sowerby, 1821, and Parathyasira Iredale, 1930. We determined the Beaufort Sea species represents a new genus, herein described as Wallerconcha. These specimens also represent a new species, herein named Wallerconcha sarae. These new taxa are compared with known modern and fossil genera and species of thyasirds.
COMMUTING DIRECTIONALITY, A FUNCTIONAL MEASURE FOR METROPOLITAN AND NONMETROPOLITAN AREA STANDARDS

The daily journey to work is ubiquitous in American life. Portraying commuting behavior graphically at the subcounty level, however, has been hampered by technical obstacles. With desktop GIS and new analytical tools, the spatial particulars of commuting can be given clarity. This paper explores the use of a spatial statistic, the mean weighted direction of journey-to-work flows, to aggregate and depict commuting at the census tract level for the purpose of delineating metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Using 1990 census data for Iowa, tract-to-tract flow vectors and resultant vectors are calculated and drawn for each census tract, and a set of functional areas for the state is produced. The research suggests that the concept of commuting directionality is a community characteristic requiring further attention. Directionality may be a useful component in a census-tract-level national settlement classification system made possible with disaggregated data and annual updates through the American Communi...
Voluntary march rate as a measure of work output in the heat

Voluntary work output in the heat was evaluated at 40°C at 25, 35, 50, 65 or 75% relative humidity (r.h.) in a two phase study. Men ‘ trained ’ and/or acclimatised to 40°C, 50% r.h. were allowed to adopt their own work rate on a self-paced treadmill in either less, or more severe humidity conditions. Subjects tended to walk at the same pace they had adopted under the training or acclimatisation conditions. Although a generalised trend for slowing the adopted march rate with increasing humidities can be observed, the times to walk each 1 6'km (1'mile) of a maximum 8'km march did not differ significantly under the various conditions, except for the most severe condition (40°C, 75% r.h.). Although physiological cues of heat stress must have been present, the subjects appeared to ignore them and even under the most severe humidity conditions continued to walk at a pace contributing to heat exhaustion.
Beyond leading-order logarithmic scaling in the catastrophic self-focusing of a laser beam in Kerr media

We study the catastrophic stationary self-focusing (collapse) of a laser beam in nonlinear Kerr media. The width of self-similar solutions near the collapse distance $z={z}_{c}$ obeys the ${({z}_{c}\ensuremath{-}z)}^{1/2}$ scaling law with the well-known leading-order modification of loglog type $\ensuremath{\propto}(\mathrm{ln}|\mathrm{ln}({z}_{c}\ensuremath{-}z){|)}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$. We show that the validity of the loglog modification requires double-exponentially large amplitudes of the solution $\ensuremath{\sim}$${{10}^{10}}^{100}$, which is unrealistic to achieve in either physical experiments or numerical simulations. We derive an equation for the adiabatically slow parameter which determines the system self-focusing across a large range of solution amplitudes. Based on this equation we develop a perturbation theory for scaling modifications beyond the leading loglog. We show that, for the initial pulse with the optical power moderately above ($\ensuremath{\lesssim}$$1.2$) the critical power of self-focusing, the scaling agrees with numerical simulations beginning with amplitudes around only three times above the initial pulse.
Single and double isotope labeling of social insect colonies: Gamma‐emitting radionuclides as individually identifiable markers

Gamma-emitting radionuclides were used in single and double-isotope combinations to label individual colonies of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes Kol. Each of these radionuclides produces a characteristic and identifiable energy spectrum upon decay, and using whole-body gamma spectroscopy, the characteristic spectral emission ‘signatures’ of each isotope and their relative quantities were detected in workers, brachypterous nymphs, and alates. Radionuclides present in a food source were rapidly incorporated into workers, and reached detection limits within one to three days. Isotopic labels were transferable between colony members, and all individuals in laboratory colonies were labeled within 21 days of initial contact with foragers that had fed at a labeled food source. Single- and double-label nuclide markers were transferred to sexual forms (prealates and alates) by social food flow. Applications of radionuclide labeling and gamma spectroscopic analysis in insect behavioral ecology are discussed. RESUME Marquage iso topique de colonies d'insectes sociaux: les radionucleides γ comme marqueurs individuels Des radionucleides γ ont ete utilises seuls ou en combinaison par 2 pour marquer des individus de colonies de Reticulitermes flavipes. Chaque radionucleide possede ses caracteres spectraux. Avec un spectroscope γ tres sensible, pouvant contenir l'insecte entier, il est possible d'identifier les ‘signatures’ spectrales de chaque isotope et les quantites relatives de chacun d'eux chez les ouvriers, les larves brachypteres et les ailes. Les radionucleides presents dans le papier consomme sont rapidement incorpores chez les ouvriers, et atteignent le seuil de detection en 1 a 3 jours. Le marquage isotopique se transmet entre les membres de la colonie; tous les habitants de colonies de laboratoire ont ete contamines en 21 jours, apres des contacts avec des individus alimentes sur une source marquee. Les marqueurs isotopiques avec 1 ou 2 radionucleides sont transferes aux sexues par les echanges trophallaxiques. La discussion porte sur les applications du marquage aux radionucleides et l'analyse au spectroscope γ en ecologie ethologique des insectes.
Limulus brain modulates the structure and function of the lateral eyes

At night efferent optic nerve activity generated by a circadian clock in the Limulus brain changes the structure of the photoreceptor and surrounding pigment cells in the animal's lateral eyes. The structural changes allow each ommatidium to gather light from a wider area at night than during the day. Visual sensitivity is thereby increased, but spatial resolution is diminished. At daybreak efferent activity from the clock stops, the structural changes reverse, and the field of view of each ommatidium decreases. The cyclic changes are endogenous and continue in the dark. Thus, under the control of a circadian clock, the Limulus eye exchanges its daytime acuity for greater sensitivity at night.
Neurobehavioral Abnormalities in Newborns with Congenital Heart Disease Requiring Open-Heart Surgery

In a prospective study, we evaluated the perioperative application of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale in a cohort of newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD). Infants with CHD were found to have suboptimal neurobehavioral performance compared with healthy infants without CHD, with particular vulnerability in the Regulation and Stress subscales.
Studies Of Ignition And Combustion Wave Propagation In Exotnerinic Ceramic Systems Using High-Speed Photography

High-speed photography is a useful diagnostic tool for studying the propagation of adiabatic combustion waves in highly exothermic solid state chemical systems. Temperatures on the order of 1500 to 40000C can be achieved within the combustion wave front as it traverses the solid chemical reactants. Wave front propagation rates in such systems are typically 0.5 to 10 cm/sec. High-speed photography (framing speeds of 400-2000 frames/sec) is being used in our laboratory to study the structure of the combustion wave, obtain quantitative combustion wave propagation rates, and to study the details of ignition of the combustion wave using 150 watt HF/DF laser radiation. This paper will present examples of photographic experiments as well as examples of the chemical and physical information obtainable from these experiments.
The assessment of dissociative experiences in a non-clinical population: reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Dissociative Experiences Scale

Two studies were conducted to examine the meaning of scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; Bernstein & Putnam, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 727–735, 1986) for non-clinical populations. Subjects in both studies completed the DES and several other measures of personality. In addition, subjects in study 1 also indicated how easily and clearly they could imagine experiencing various emotions, and then were given a surprise memory test for the emotion words. The results provide some support for the construct validity of the DES: subjects scoring high on the DES more easily and clearly imagined the experience of threatening emotions, but then demonstrated a memory deficit for the emotion words. In addition, DES scores were positively correlated with anxiety and neuroticism, which suggests that dissociators are fundamentally different from repressors. Finally, the factor analytic results indicate that the DES is assessing a single dimension of dissociation.
‘SITUATIONS’: TALES OF TINY EPIPHANIES AND RADIANT TRANSGRESSIONS

Lipstick Traces — A Secret History of the 20th Century by Greil Marcus, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, and London: Secker and Warburg, 496 pp., 80 illus., £31.95
Scanning electron microscopy of induced cell rounding of mouse adrenal cortex tumor cells in culture

The surface topologies of mouse adrenal cortex tumor cells of primary or clonal origin grown as monolayer cell cultures were observed by scanning electron microscopy following their exposure to substances that effect steroid release and/or cell rounding. ACTH induced cell rounding with a concomitant profuse development of fine microvilli in a non-synchronously dividing cell population. This was less pronounced with other steroidogenic substances and absent in EGTA or trypsin-treated cells. Morphological alterations occurred most rapidly with cAMP and least rapidly with dbcAMP. The rapid development of fine microvilli with ACTH is proposed to be a specific hormone mediated response.
Quantifying the effect of pattern density on focus offset

Stepper autofocus systems can involve reflecting a light beam off the top surface of the wafer (i.e. the top of the photoresist). The density of underlying circuitry causes this relative position to vary, and this will then cause focus errors comparable to the step-height of the underlying pattern. The typical depth of focus in sub-micron lithography is of the same order of magnitude as the maximum step-height on the wafer surface due to topography, so these effects have become significant. Therefore, the optimum focus offset may need to be experimentally determined for each product. For a fab which deals with many products (e.g. a foundry) this requires significant amounts of work. This paper investigates the pattern density effect for metal layers and considers the influence of layer thickness, and the planarization properties of the intermetal dielectric on the optimum focus offset. The possible method for calculating the optimum focus offset by taking the average pattern density under the area of the focus beam from a CAD layout is presented. The usefulness of techniques such as Multi-Point Autofocus is also discussed. Finally, the side-benefits of CMP in reducing this effect are quantified.
The Predictive Value of Admissions Materials on Objective and Subjective Measures of Graduate School Performance in Speech‐Language Pathology

A correlational study was conducted to determine which of a number of variables derived from the admissions material were predictive of student success in the graduate program at Lehman College of the City University of New York. An objective measure of student success, graduate grade point average (GPA) was significantly correlated with GPA for undergraduate speech courses, quality of personal statement, overall GPA for all undergraduate courses and quality of letters of recommendation. A subjective measure of student success, academic staff rating of students as relatively weak or strong clinically and academically, was significantly correlated with GPA for undergraduate speech courses and quality of letters of recommendation.
Multi-fractal texture features for brain tumor and edema segmentation

In this work, we propose a fully automatic brain tumor and edema segmentation technique in brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. Different brain tissues are characterized using the novel texture features such as piece-wise triangular prism surface area (PTPSA), multi-fractional Brownian motion (mBm) and Gabor-like textons, along with regular intensity and intensity difference features. Classical Random Forest (RF) classifier is used to formulate the segmentation task as classification of these features in multi-modal MRIs. The segmentation performance is compared with other state-of-art works using a publicly available dataset known as Brain Tumor Segmentation (BRATS) 2012 [1]. Quantitative evaluation is done using the online evaluation tool from Kitware/MIDAS website [2]. The results show that our segmentation performance is more consistent and, on the average, outperforms other state-of-the art works in both training and challenge cases in the BRATS competition.
Fast and slow chipping fracture and abrasion in autogenous grinding

Abstract A theoretical analysis of the unsteady-state batch abrasion of feed material within a screen interval shows that abrasion will not lead to first-order breakage kinetics. The differential equation for combined first-order fracture breakage plus abrasion is given and solved for a rectangular feed distribution within the feed size interval. It is shown that the solution leads to apparent first-order breakage kinetics, provided that the abrasion rate is relatively small compared with the fracture rate, and the equation is given for the overall specific rate of breakage. Experiments show that the kinetics of batch autogenous grinding can be treated as some fraction of a fast fracture rate plus a slower abrasion rate and the remaining fraction as a slow fracture rate plus a slower abrasion rate. The respective constants depend on cushioning due to the presence of fine material in the charge.
Acoustic modulation of electrically evoked distortion product otoacoustic emissions in gerbil cochlea

Abstract In order to study the linearity of outer hair cell fast electromotility in vivo, an acoustic tone was used to interact with the electrically evoked distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Otoacoustic emissions at the primary frequencies (f1, f2, where f1