cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time solution of heat conduction in a finite slab for inverse analysis

Laplace transform is used to solve the problem of heat conduction over a finite slab. The transfer functions relating the temperature and heat flux on the front and back surfaces of the finite slab are developed. Although there are many competing methods for constructing the inverse Laplace transform, we use polynomial approximation of the transfer function. Therefore, transient solutions for given boundary conditions are easily obtained using SIMULINK. This process is much simpler than other numerical solution methods for the heat equation. Most importantly, our method of solution allows us to obtain, in real-time, the front surface temperature and heat flux based on the thermodynamic measurements on the back surface. We also demonstrate the feasibility of reconstructing the front surface temperature when sensor noise is incorporated to the back surface measurements.
Ictal SPECT findings in typical absence seizures

Abstract Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is known to reveal localized hyperperfusion during partial seizures, but is rarely performed in idiopathic generalized epilepsies. We report the ictal SPECT findings in a typical absence seizure. This 35-year-old woman with childhood absence epilepsy underwent prolonged electroencephalogram (EEG)-video monitoring, during which many stereotyped typical absence seizures were recorded. These consisted of brief staring spells with arrest of activity, associated with generalized 3 Hz spike-wave complexes on EEG. Following intravenous (i.v.) injection of 17.6 millicuries of Tc-99m Bicisate, SPECT was performed. The injection was performed during hyperventilation that induced a typical absence. Compared to the baseline SPECT scan that was normal, the ictal scan showed a generalized reduction in cortical activity. These findings do not support the "cortical" theory of typical absence seizures and the genesis of the 3 Hz spike-wave complexes. They may indeed support the subcortical or "centrencephalic" hypothesis.
Bringing Cancer Care to the Underserved Globally: A Challenging Problem for Which Radiation Oncology Can Pioneer Novel Solutions

There are times in society in which problems with the descriptor “too hard to solve” can no longer be tolerated. This issue of the Journal contains 9 papers and a provocative editorial by Editor-in-Chief Anthony Zietman addressing radiation therapy for underserved nations. The need for attention to the emerging burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Lowand LowerMiddle Income Countries (LMICs) was raised by the 2011 United Nations Declaration (1) and in a variety of recent publications (2-4). The challenge is a complex set of problems that requires a systems approach (5). Indeed, Love, Ginsburg, and I have proposed a framework called “Public Health Oncology” (6), which discusses the gaps and the interrelated social, economic, gender discrimination, corruption, and other issues that must be considered so as to be able to provide affordable cancer care in LMICs, as emphasized by Kerr and Midgley (7). The essence of the public health oncology concept is that there are clear mandates grounded in science for what interventions need to be addressed. These are service and research issues in which radiation oncology can have a key role. Data from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) documents the dramatic shortage of radiation therapy capacity in LMICs (8). As presented in the accompanying papers, there is a serious interest in
Genetic Factors in Susceptibility: Serum PON1 Variation Between Individuals and Species

In mammals, serum paraoxonase (PON1) is tightly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. In human populations, PON1 exhibits a substrate dependent activity polymorphism determined by an Arg/Gln (R/Q) substitution at amino acid residue 192. The physiological role of this protein appears to be involvement in the metabolism of oxidized lipids. Several studies have suggested that the PON1R192 allele may be a risk factor in coronary artery disease. PON1 also plays an important role in the metabolism of organophosphates including insecticides and nerve agents. The PON1R192 isoform hydrolyzes paraoxon rapidly, but diazoxon, soman and sarin slowly compared with the PON1Q192 isoform. Both PON1 isoforms hydrolyze phenylacetate at approximately the same rate, while PON1R192 hydrolyzes chlorpyrifos oxon slightly faster than PONQ192. Animal model studies involving injection of purified rabbit PON1 into mice clearly demonstrated the ability of PON1 to protect cholinesterases from inhibition by OP compo...
Injuries and illnesses sustained during the eco‐challenge ultra‐endurance competition

The purpose of this study was to develop an epidemiological profile of the injuries and illnesses sustained by the 1995 Eco‐Challenge competitors using a 129 item questionnaire survey. The Eco‐Challenge is a new ultra‐endurance, multi‐sport race requiring 7–10 days to complete. The first U.S. competition took place in Utah covering a total of 376 miles with 7 diverse events including horseback riding and canoeing. Sixty‐two percent (N =155) of the questionnaires were returned. Only 42.0% of the athletes (21 of 50 teams) completed the race. Injuries, reported as the most common basis for competitor drop‐out, included blisters, ankle sprains, as well as a variety of knee and shoulder problems. Athletes also reported significant dehydration (41.2%), GI distress (32.9%), and sleep deprivation. It was concluded that such ultra‐endurance competition produces an unprecedented failure rate with significant clinical risk. Study results should be used for better planning and clinical management of ultra‐endurance r...
Optimal real-time encoder-decoding of Markov sources over noisy channels

A real-time communication system consisting of a first-order Markov source, a real-time encoder, a discrete memoryless channel, and a real-time decoder is considered. The quality of reconstruction is determined by a distortion function between the current source output and its reconstruction at the decoder. The distortion function does not accept delays. The objective is to choose encoding and decoding strategies to minimize the total expected distortion over a finite horizon. The problem is modelled as a decentralized stochastic control problem. A two step solution methodology is developed which provides a sequential decomposition of the problem and reduces exponentially the complexity to search for an optimal solution. The key step of our methodology is identifying information state sufficient for performance evaluation. The methodology can be extended to real-time communication problems with noisy feedback, feedback control problems with a noisy channel in the feedback loop, and decentralized diagnosis in logical discrete event systems.
DIMETHYLDIOXIRANE HYDROXYLATION OF A HYPERSENSITIVE RADICAL PROBE: SUPPORTING EVIDENCE FOR AN OXENE INSERTION PATHWAY

Abstract Dimethyldioxirane oxidation of the hypersensitive radical probe (rans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)ethane gave non-rearranged hydroxylation products consistent with an oxene insertion mechanism for the reaction.
Development and viability of in vitro derived porcine blastocysts cultured in NCSU23 and G1.2/G2.2 sequential medium

Porcine embryo development in vitro is relatively inefficient compared to other domestic species. Currently, a single culture medium (NCSU23) is the standard for porcine in vitro systems. However, the G1.2/G2.2 sequential culture system has been beneficial for embryo development in other species. The objective of this study was to compare porcine preimplantation embryo development in vitro and subsequent blastocyst viability and metabolic activity using NCSU23 and G1.2/G2.2 culture media. Oocytes were matured in defined TCM199 base medium for 45 to 47 h and fertilized in mTBM for 4 h. Embryos were cultured in either NCSU23 for 146 h or G1.2 medium for 72 h followed by culture in G2.2 medium for an additional 74 h. Blastocyst substrate use was measured using a modification of the hanging drop technique. Culture in NCSU23 resulted in a higher percentage (P < 0.05) of embryo cleavage (74.0%) and blastocyst development (14.6%) than culture in G1.2/G2.2 (67.8% and 7.8%, respectively). Both NCSU23 and G1.2/G2.2 produced blastocysts with similar mean cell numbers (51.5 +/- 4.3 and 47.1 +/- 4.3, respectively), similar glucose use (10.81 +/- 1.39 and 10.12 +/- 1.72 pmol/embryo/3 h, respectively) and pyruvate use (1.08 +/- 0.056 and 0.88 +/- 0.048 pmol/embryo/3 h, respectively). These data indicate that a sequential culture system can support porcine embryo development in vitro without compromising embryo viability. However, the G1.2/G2.2 system was not as effective as NCSU23 in supporting blastocyst development. Sequential media should be formulated specifically for porcine embryos to improve embryonic cleavage and blastocyst development.
Shared Leadership and Innovation: The Role of Vertical Leadership and Employee Integrity

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between shared leadership, as a collective within-team leadership, and innovative behavior, as well as antecedents of shared leadership in terms of team composition and vertical transformational and empowering leadership.
Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) accurately compare poured liquid quantities

Although many studies have shown that nonhuman animals can choose the larger of two discrete quantities of items, less emphasis has been given to discrimination of continuous quantity. These studies are necessary to discern the similarities and differences in discrimination performance as a function of the type of quantities that are compared. Chimpanzees made judgments between continuous quantities (liquids) in a series of three experiments. In the first experiment, chimpanzees first chose between two clear containers holding differing amounts of juice. Next, they watched as two liquid quantities were dispensed from opaque syringes held above opaque containers. In the second experiment, one liquid amount was presented by pouring it into an opaque container from an opaque syringe, whereas the other quantity was visible the entire time in a clear container. In the third experiment, the heights at which the opaque syringes were held above opaque containers differed for each set, so that sometimes sets with smaller amounts of juice were dropped from a greater height, providing a possible visual illusion as to the total amount. Chimpanzees succeeded in all tasks and showed many similarities in their continuous quantity estimation to how they performed previously in similar tasks with discrete quantities (for example, performance was constrained by the ratio between sets). Chimpanzees could compare visible sets to nonvisible sets, and they were not distracted by perceptual illusions created through various presentation styles that were not relevant to the actual amount of juice dispensed. This performance demonstrated a similarity in the quantitative discrimination skills of chimpanzees for continuous quantities that matches that previously shown for discrete quantities.
Bridging Inputs and Program Dynamic Behavior

Program optimizations have evolved from static to dynamic. However, runtime optimization often suffers from not knowing global behavior of a program's execution, and not affording sophisticated program analysis. On the other hand, offline profiling techniques overcome both obstacles but are oblivious to the effects of program inputs. This work attempts to address the problem by developing a framework including three components: an extensible Input Characterization Language (XICL), statistical feature selection, and regression model building. The first two components extract important attributes from program inputs, and the last one builds models between those attributes and program dynamic behavior.
A perspective on scientific cloud computing

Cloud computing has the potential for tremendous benefits, but wide scale adoption has a range of challenges that must be met. We review these challenges and how they relate to scientific computing. To achieve the portability, interoperability, and economies of scale that clouds offer, it is clear that common design principles must be widely adopted in both the user community and marketplace. To this end, we argue that a private-to-public cloud deployment trajectory will be very common, if not dominant. This trajectory can be used to define a progression of needed common practices and standards which, in turn, can be used to define deployment, development and fundamental research agendas. We then survey the cloud standards landscape and how the standards process could be driven by major stakeholders, e.g., large user groups, vendors, and governments, to achieve scientific and national objectives. We conclude with a call to action for stakeholders to actively engage in driving this process to a successful conclusion.
Urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women: a hospital-based prevalence study

Objectives . To determine the prevalence of urogenital symptoms (vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, urinary incontinence) and assess patient’s consultation rate and desire for treatment. Design and Methods. This study was prospective descriptive study, performed with the participation of 125 women who presented in menopausal clinic, Srinagarind Hospital. Women completed the questionnaire including questions about their demographic properties and were interviewed by pre-validated questionnaire and in-depth interview to determine the prevalence of urogenital symptoms, consultation rate and patient’s desire for treatment. Results . The mean age of the participants was 57.1 years. Vaginal dryness was found to be the most common postmenopausal urogenital symptoms (71.2%), followed by urinary incontinence (62.4%) and dyspareunia (52.0%). The consultation rates were 62.2% in vaginal dryness, 46.2% in dyspareunia and 38.5% in urinary incontinence. Patient’s desire for treatment was 66.7% in vaginal dryness, 62.1% in dyspareunia and 53.8% in urinary incontinence. Conclusions . Urogenital symptoms are highly prevalent. Physicians need to improve patient-physician communication and increase their attention to these symptoms and their patient’s attitudes to improve patient’s quality of life.
Descriptive and Prescriptive Beliefs About Justice: A Sino-U.S. Comparison

The present article focuses on the distinction between descriptive (i.e., what will happen) and prescriptive (i.e., what should happen) beliefs in justice and shows that person valence and belief t...
Lung Transplant or Bust: Patients' Recommendations for Ideal Lung Transplant Education:

Context—Effective lung transplant education helps ensure informed decision making by patients and better transplant outcomes.Objective—To understand the educational needs and experiences of lung transplant patients.Design—Mixed-method study employing focus groups and patient surveys.Setting—Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St Louis, Missouri.Patients—50 adult lung transplant patients: 23 pretransplant and 27 posttransplant.Main Outcome Measures—Patients' interest in receiving specific transplant information, the stage in the transplant process during which they wanted to receive the education, and the preferred format for presenting the information.Results—Patients most wanted information about how to sustain their transplant (72%), when to contact their coordinator immediately (56%), transplant benefits (56%), immunosuppressants (54%), and possible out-of-pocket expenses (52%). Patients also wanted comprehensive information early in the transplant process and a review of a subset of topics immediately before tr...
Haiti: Three Analytical Narratives of Crisis and Recovery:

Perhaps no other revolution in modern times, whether American, French, Russian, or Algerian, has stirred such different emotions and raised so many theories of the act itself as the Haitian Revolution. This essay is framed around the given and received interpretations of Haiti’s long history in order to demonstrate that there is neither curse nor punishment in Haiti’s history; there is only intrigue, interest, and interference. The natural disasters whether earthquakes or hurricanes do not occur because of some rational targeting of the country but are the results of the arbitrariness of nature. Of course, how Haiti has dealt with these natural disasters can be interpreted from positions of class narrative, religious narrative, and cultural narrative.
Can ionic liquids be used as templating agents for controlled design of uranium-containing nanomaterials?

Nanostructured uranium oxides have been prepared in ionic liquids as templating agents. Using the ionic liquids as reaction media for inorganic nanomaterials takes advantage of the pre-organized structure of the ionic liquids which in turn controls the morphology of the inorganic nanomaterials. Variation of ionic liquid cation structure was investigated to determine the impact on the uranium oxide morphologies. For two ionic liquid cations, increasing the alkyl chain length increases the aspect ratio of the resulting nanostructured oxides. Understanding the resulting metal oxide morphologies could enhance fuel stability and design.
Screening for cervical cancer.

Abstract Indirect evidence indicates that cervical cancer screening should reduce the incidence and mortality of invasive cervical cancer by about 90%. In the absence of screening, a 20-year-old av...
A Critical Examination of Satellite Cloud Retrieval from AVHRR in the Arctic Using SHEBA Data

Abstract This study examines the validity and limitations associated with retrieval of cloud optical depth τ and effective droplet size re in the Arctic from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channels 2 (0.725–1.10 μm), 3 (3.55–3.93 μm), and 4 (10.3–11.3 μm). The error in re is found to be normally less than 10%, but the uncertainty in τ can be more than 50% for a 10% uncertainty in the satellite-measured radiance. Model simulations show that the satellite-retrieved cloud optical depth τsat is overestimated by up to 20% if the vertical cloud inhomogeneity is ignored and is underestimated by more than 50% if overlap of cirrus and liquid water clouds is ignored. Under partially cloudy conditions, τsat is larger than that derived from surface-measured downward solar irradiance (τsurf) by 40%–130%, depending on cloud-cover fraction. Here, τsat derived from NOAA-14 AVHRR data agrees well with τsurf derived from surface measurements of solar irradiance at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Oce...
Growth Phenomena of Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Arc-Discharge

Based on the high resolution TEM observations, we report here on the nonconcentric growth phenomena of carbon nanotubes from the arc-discharge. We also report on a novel form of carbon nanoclusters - the strings of carbon nanobeads - produced by the catalytic arc-discharge with Ni as the catalyst, and on the bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes, synthesized with YC2 as the catalyst, growing radially out from YC2 particles.
STUDIES IN BOVINE MASTITIS III. INJECTION OF THE UDDER WITH MICROCOCCI AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS.

Aside from the streptococci, micrococci have been the next most frequent group of organisms isolated from inflamed udders. They produce various types of disease. Some give rise to only a mild catarrh of the larger milk ducts and cystern, while others produce more or less severe parenchymatous inflammation. On the whole, the prognosis is more favorable with micrococcic infection than with that associated with streptococci. Cases of considerable severity have, however, been attributed to staphylococci. Micrococci similar in many respects to those associated with mastitis have been found to occur in the normal udder. This has led Savage to question their true etiological significance. In many instances micrococci may gain access to the udder and produce slight disturbances that are entirely overlooked. Even more severe changes may follow infection. After recovery the organisms still remain in the milk. This was observed in the case of Cow 60 infected with staphylococci. One frequently observes the elimination of streptococci from the udder even after apparent recovery from an attack of streptococcic mastitis. Doubtless streptococci and micrococci observed in these udders would be classed as belonging to the normal flora. Even though micrococci do occur in supposedly normal udders Evans has shown that many are pathogenic for rabbits. The introduction of these organisms into the udders of non-resistant individuals might well give rise to more or less intense inflammation. The multiplication would doubtless be rapid until resistance had been established. In addition to the micrococci two other groups of rod-shaped organisms have been found associated with udder inflammation. In two instances Bacillus coli has been isolated from cases of mastitis and in another Bacillus lactis aerogenes. In four, tiny motile Gramstaining microorganisms have been obtained in pure culture. Two of these strains (Nos. C.79 and M.44) have been identified as Bacillus pyogenes.
Abstract LB-170: A role of sphingosine kinase 1 in peritoneal macrophages on the early stages of colon carcinogenesis

Our previous studies indicate that the Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway mediates colon carcinogenesis at least by regulating COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. However, the mechanisms by which this pathway regulates colon carcinogenesis are still unclear. First, we show that SphK1 deficient mice significantly attenuated azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis as measured by colon tumor incidence, multiplicity, and volume. We found that AOM activates peritoneal macrophages to induce SphK1, COX-2, and TNF-α expression in WT mice. Interestingly, SphK1 KO mice revealed significant reduction of COX-2 and TNF-α expression from AOM-activated peritoneal macrophages, suggesting that SphK1 regulates COX-2 and TNF-α expression in peritoneal macrophages. Finally, we found that inoculation of WT peritoneal macrophages “rescued” the carcinogenic effect of AOM in Sphk1 KO mice as measured by aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation, preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer, indicating that SphK1 expression in peritoneal macrophages is required in the early stages of colon carcinogenesis when induced by AOM. These results suggest that SphK1 expression plays a pivotal role in the early stages of colon carcinogenesis through regulating COX-2 and TNF-α expression from activated peritoneal macrophages. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-170. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-170
Calmodulin is intrinsically LESS effective than troponin C in activating skeletal muscle contraction.

Calmodulin (CaM) and troponin C (TnC) are evolutionarily and structurally homologous, yet they are not functionally interchangeable. In particular, CaM cannot effectively substitute for TnC as an activator of skeletal muscle contraction. To determine if this is a consequence of CaM's weak association with troponin T and I or the result of a more fundamental mechanistic defect, we have used CaM and a CaM[TnC] chimera, CaM[3,4 TnC], that stably associates with the thin filament. Replacement of TnC with CaM or CaM[3,4 TnC] reveals that CaM-like molecules reduce the Ca2+-sensitivity and cooperativity of activation, as well as the maximal Ca2+-activated tension. These observations indicate that CaM-like molecules are unable to continuously maintain the activated state of the thin filament.
A holistic approach to stakeholder management: A rhetorical foundation

Abstract The day-to-day concerns of managing stakeholders are a critical matter for public relations practitioners and scholars alike. “Stakeholder theory” subsumes the knowledge base about stakeholders, who are individuals and groups who affect or are affected by an organization's actions. This article argues that a holistic view of stakeholder management rests on rhetorical grounds and concerns answering three fundamental questions: (1) How are stakeholders created? (2) How can relationships with stakeholders be maintained? and (3) How can relationships with stakeholders be improved? Example cases are used to demonstrate how retrospective analysis reveals the effectiveness of stakeholder management approaches. Ultimately and most important, the combination of theory and case analyses are synthesized into a prospective approach to stakeholder management that organizations may use during strategic planning.
Obscuring the human costs of expert systems

The growing number of artificial-intelligence applications in industry creates a tension between the hopeful perspective that the white-collar workforce will fill the increasing need for knowledge, and the reality that experts will increasingly be displaced by expert systems. The rhetoric of those who promote expert systems obscures the tension between the social programs of training and education, on the one hand, and technical fixes, on the other. To make this tension explicit, we look more closely at the criteria that applied researchers, sales engineers, marketing managers and corporate staff use to justify knowledge based system development. Examining their rationale emphasizes their attempts to advance, in whatever way they can, the technology that they identify so thoroughly with continuing research funding and growing sales orders. >
Fad-like technology adoption as a social action

When technology adoption takes on fad-like characteristics, large swings in demand and expectations for the technology result. Companies can see revenues skyrocket, only to fall just as fast without understanding the dynamics of the consumer adoption decision process. In this paper, we present a model for fad-like technology adoption built upon Rogers' technology adoption lifecycle, to which we add the theory of information cascades and adopter thresholds. Adopter behaviour in each stage of the lifecycle may be individualistic or holistic, as suggested by the theories of Watkins and Durkheim. Macro product and micro adopting user level case analyses of the adoption of the Apple iPhoneTM illustrate the application of the model and the individual and holistic social actions of fad-like technology adoption. The paper closes with advice for consumer technology companies and a call for further study of industry and consumer factors that complicate the interpretation and prediction of adoption lifecycle activity.
Does the presence of aura inform us regarding migraine severity and response to treatment

In 1944, Leao1 described cortical spreading depression, the phenomenon now widely believed to underlie what some persons with headache perceive as “aura.” Aura is a somewhat misleading term because it can occur before a migraine, during or after a migraine, or occur without any associated headache. It can also occur with many other types of headache, but in clinical practice it is usually in association with migraine that we consider it.2 Less than 30% of migraineurs will experience an aura, and some patients will have some attacks with and other attacks without an associated aura.3 The symptoms due to aura are well known to clinicians and are usually visual, but may be somatosensory (“cheiro-oral aura”), motor/speech (hemiparesis/aphasia), or appear to emanate from the brainstem.2 Aura is suspected of being a trigger for the cascade of events that occur during a migraine attack by activating the “trigeminovascular system.”4 It is hard to use that as a complete explanation because many migraineurs do not experience aura with their attacks and the aura when it does occur may not begin until the clinical attack has begun or even may occur after the headache. One wonders whether cortical spreading depression might occur in “silent” areas of the brain and still function as a trigger for headache attacks. It is unknown whether the headache pain during attacks of migraine with aura is more severe overall than that of attacks of migraine without aura.
Consonant discrimination by newborn infants: Electrophysiological differences

We used evoked potential techniques to study the discrimination of speech and nonspeech consonant‐vowel syllables in 38 newborn infants. Auditory evoked responses (AERs) were recorded from each infant via scalp electrodes positioned over frontal, temporal, and parietal regions of each hemisphere. Analyses indicated that the AERs discriminated between the stop consonants /b/ and /g/. In addition, differences in discrimination were noted between male and female infants. These findings replicate and extend earlier work on newborn infant consonant discrimination.
The Fall and Rise of Adolf Meyer's Psychogenic Etiology of Dementia Praecox (Schizophrenia): 1903–1910 and Beyond

Schizophrenia etiology has been variably attributed to biological, psychodynamic, or ecological factors. Adolf Meyer (1866–1950) pioneered a psychogenic model of schizophrenia etiology that waned in popularity as biomedical and Freudian theories became dominant. With the increasing acceptance of the role of social factors in the onset of psychosis comes the renewed relevance of Meyer's theories. This article describes the psychogenic theory of schizophrenia etiology, as expressed by Meyer through a series of papers from 1903 to 1910, in the context of contemporaneous theories. The importance of Meyer's psychogenic theory as the forerunner to current psychosocial theories of psychopathology is discussed.
Scholar Commons @ USF: Sharing Knowledge Worldwide

Librarians and faculty members are now working together through Open Access (OA) publishing to make faculty-produced scholarly content available to researchers worldwide. The University of South Florida Tampa Library has been working with the Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) Digital Commons platform to create a substantial institutional repository (IR) that includes OA journals, conference proceedings, and data sets, among other materials. Library staff members are currently involved in a variety of activities, including negotiating memoranda of understanding, loading backfiles, registering Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) with CrossRef, designing layout, doing final publication steps, and assisting with technical issues. In 2011, the IR, Scholar Commons @ USF, went live, allowing the library to pull fragmented collections previously hosted on other platforms into a single system with improved discoverability. This article discusses how the repository was established, what is involved, lessons learned...
Evidence for common controls over inheritance of bone quantity and body size from segregation analysis in a pedigreed colony of nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina)

Abstract The genetic determinants of bone mineral quantity and body size and their postulated interaction are just beginning to be elucidated. The heritability of bone quantity and its relationship to components of body size were therefore investigated using segregation analysis applied to a large pedigreed nonhuman primate ( Macaca nemestrina ) breeding colony. The colony consisted of 216 females and 16 males with uniform dietary histories, environmental conditions, and rearing of offspring apart from the mother to minimize familial aggregation. Bone quantity (bone mineral content and spinal areal density) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Size included measures of body mass, length, breadth, and a composite index. Body mass was determined from both body weight and lean body mass by DXA. Length was assessed by measuring trunk and thigh lengths, and breadth by measuring chest circumference and bitrochanteric width. A composite index of size was also calculated from a linear function of trunk and thigh lengths, chest circumference and bitrochanteric width, and lean body mass. Traits of bone quantity and size were highly correlated ( r = 0.56–0.96, p p ≤ 0.03) univariate heritabilities were found for spine bone mineral density (SPBMD; h 2 = 0.66) and whole body bone mineral content (WBBMC; h 2 = 0.40) and size measures of length (trunk h 2 = 0.71, thigh h 2 = 0.65), breadth (bitrochanteric width h 2 = 0.31), lean body mass (LEAN; h 2 = 0.37), and the composite index of size (SIZE-PC, h 2 = 0.49) adjusted for demographic variables. The data were also subjected to an analysis of bivariate genetic correlations and factor analysis, both of which suggested a robust interaction between body size and bone quantity. Bivariate genetic correlations between body size and the bone quantities WBBMC, SBMD, and spine bone mineral content (SPBMC) were high (e.g., using LEAN as a measure of size, r = 0.57, 0.41, and 0.57, respectively). Factor analysis showed that 80% of the phenotypic and 72% of the genetic variances of all traits were accounted for by a single factor, suggesting common genetic controls operative over bone quantity and size.
Van Der Pauw Measurements of Resistivity in Plastic/Metal Composites

The van der Pauw (VdP) technique provides a four-probe measurement of a sample's average resistivity. It is generally applied to samples which have a uniform density and thickness but an arbitrary shape. We apply the VdP method to a metal/plastic composite. Samples are cut into rectangular shapes, but internally the metal structure is a random shape. Values of resistivity correlate well (> 90%) to values measured by a two-probe technique. We can determine a composite's structure in a highly accurate though destruc tive manner. Some in-situ test applications are proposed.
Silicon Carrier with Deep Through-Vias, Fine Pitch Wiring and Through Cavity for Parallel Optical Transceiver

The design, fabrication, assembly and characterization of a novel silicon carrier package used for enabling a Tb/s parallel optical transceiver is reported. Electrical through-vias, high speed wiring and a through cavity for housing optoelectronic (OE) devices are critical features of the silicon carrier that allow high density integration of optical and electrical components on a single substrate, resulting in a small form factor system that is capable of meeting high bandwidth requirements of large computing systems. A novel hierarchical approach involving eutectic AuSn and SnPb solder systems and flip chip bonding technology is used to assemble the transceiver module. The optical system used for coupling light from the OE devices to waveguides is based on a relay lens that is integrated into the OE array. The measurement and model for alignment tolerance analysis showed constant coupling efficiency from the OE to waveguide over a range of plusmn 10 mum, giving an excellent margin for alignment. Electrical simulations and measurement of silicon carrier through-vias showed an insertion loss of better than 1 dB at 20 GHz. Simulations and measurements also exhibited an attenuation of 4.3 dB/cm at 20 GHz for high speed wiring on the silicon carrier, which was adequate for 20 Gbps data transmission over a channel length of 7 mm
Cancrinite and sodalite formation in the presence of cesium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and strontium in Hanford tank waste simulants

High-level radioactive tank waste solutions that have leaked into the subsurface at the US Department of Energy Han- ford Site, Washington, are chemically complex. Here, the effect of five cations, Cs + ,K + ,S r 2+ ,C a 2+ and Mg 2+ , on mineral formation and transformation pathways under conditions mimicking Hanford tank leaks is investigated. Sodium silicate was used to represent the dissolved silicate from sediments. The silicate was added into a series of simulants that contained 0.5 M aluminate, 1 M or 16 M NaOH, and the NOsalts of the cations. The precipitates were monitored by X-ray dif- fraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. In the 1 M NaOH simulants, low con- centration of Cs + (<100 mM) did not affect the formation of lepispheric cancrinite and sodalite, whereas only highly crystalline cancrinite formed when Cs + concentration was P250 mM. An unidentified feldspathoid or zeolite intermediate phase was observed in the presence of high concentrations of Cs + (500 mM). The presence of K + did not alter, but slowed, the formation of cancrinite and sodalite. The presence of divalent cations led to the formation of metastable or stable sil- icates, aluminates, hydroxides, or aluminosilicates. The formation of these intermediate phases slowed the formation of cancrinite and sodalite by consuming OH � , silicate, or aluminate. Compared with the concentrations used in this study, the concentrations of radioactive Cs + and Sr 2+ in the tank solutions are much lower and divalent cations (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ) released from sediments likely precipitate out as hydroxides, silicates or aluminates; therefore, the authors do not expect that the presence of these monovalent and divalent cations significantly affect the formation of cancrinite and sodalite in the sediments underneath the leaking waste tanks. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
THE RÔLE OF THE WAX OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS IN ESTABLISHING DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY II. HYPERSENSITIVITY TO A PROTEIN ANTIGEN, EGG ALBUMIN

Guinea pigs sensitized with egg albumin along with the purified wax fraction of the human tubercle bacillus respond with delayed hypersensitive reactivity to the protein antigen. Previous publications have reported a similar activity of the wax with respect to tuberculoprotein and picryl chloride. The effect is not referable to an ordinary adjuvant activity of the bacillary wax, since antibody titers are not increased in animals which receive it, and since a known adjuvant, water-in-oil emulsion, has no effect with respect to the induction of delayed hypersensitivity. This report further extends the role of the tubercle bacillary wax in the induction of delayed hypersensitive states.
Proportional hazards models: a latent competing risk approach

We propose a novel semiparametric version of the widely used proportional hazards survival model. Features include an arbitrarily rich class of continuous base-line hazards, an attractive epidemiological interpretation of the hazard as a latent competing risk model and trivial handling of censoring. Models are fitted by using a data augmentation scheme. The methodology is applied to a data set recording times to first hospitalization following clinical diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome for a sample of 169 patients.
Self-Construals, Coping, and Stress in Cross-Cultural Adaptation:

This study examines differences in the independent and interdependent self-construals of American and East Asian students studying in the United States and the influence of these self-construals on coping and stress. Path analysis revealed that the importance of the independent self-construal was positively related to direct coping strategies, which predicted reduced levels of stress for the international students. Ratings of the importance of the interdependent self-construal were positively related to increased stress for the Asian students. The self-constuals and direct coping were the strongest predictors of stress for East Asian students; variables commonly identified in other research addressing cross-cultural adaptation (e.g., number of host country friends, relationships with conationals, language ability, and previous cross-cultural experience) did not significantly predict stress for the international students. The effects of the self-construals and coping were moderated by culture, however, and...
Effects of glossopharyngeal nerve section on the expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in lingual taste buds of adult mice.

The expression of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors is essential for the proper establishment and function of many sensory systems. To determine which neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors are expressed in taste buds, and in taste buds of mice following denervation, antibodies directed against the neurotrophins and their receptors were applied to adult mouse gustatory tissue. Immunohistochemistry reveals that nerve growth factor (NGF)-like immunoreactive (LIR), tyrosine kinase (trk) A-LIR, trkB-LIR, and p75-LIR elongated, differentiated taste cells are present within all lingual taste buds, whereas neither neurotrophin (NT)-3- nor trkC-LIR was detected in taste cells. Double-label immunohistochemistry using markers of different taste cell types in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)LacZ mice reveals that BDNF (β-gal) and trkB colocalize, mainly in type III taste cells. NGF, pro-NGF, and trkA coexist in type II taste cells, i.e., those expressing phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2). p75-LIR also is present in both BDNF and NGF taste cell populations. To determine the neural dependence of neurotrophin expression in adult taste buds, glossopharyngeal nerves were cut unilaterally. During the period of denervation (10 days to 3 weeks), taste buds largely disappear, and few neurotrophin-expressing cells are present. Three weeks after nerve transection, nerve fascicles on the operated side of the tongue exhibit BDNF-LIR, NGF-LIR, and ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase (PGP 9.5)-LIR. However, BDNF-LIR staining intensity but not NGF-LIR or PGP 9.5-LIR is increased in nerve fascicles on the operated compared with the unoperated side. Five weeks following nerve transection, NT and NT receptor expression resumes and appears normal in taste buds and nerves. These results indicate that neurotrophin expression in taste buds is dependent on gustatory innervation, but expression in nerves is not dependent on contact with taste buds. J. Comp. Neurol. 490:371–390, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Agent approach for service discovery and utilization

There is an extensive set of published and usable services on the Internet. Human based approaches to discover and utilize these services is not only time consuming, but also requires continuous user interaction. This paper describes an agent approach for service discovery and utilization (AASDU), which focuses on using light weight autonomous agents built into a multi-agent referral community, and Web service standards (namely UDDI, SOAP, WSDL and XML). The AASDU approach proposes to use agents that interact with end users by accepting their queries to discover services, and efficiently manage service invocation. AASDU uses intrinsic multi-agent properties to allow agents to communicate and cooperate with one another. Each agent conforms to a communication protocol that allows it to send and receive messages from another agent, without needing to know the address of the receiving agent. There is a need for effective and efficient communication among components in a multi-disciplinary, cross-organizational architecture. This has resulted in a proliferation of communication building blocks, or middleware, for distributed scientific computing. The most recent, and quite network-based services, referred to as Web services. This paper also discusses the interoperability that can be achieved between software components through the use of Web service standards and protocols in the context of AASDU.
AlN/GaN Insulated-Gate HEMTs With 2.3 A/mm Output Current and 480 mS/mm Transconductance

High-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on ultrathin AIN/GaN heterostructures with a 3.5-nm AlN barrier and a 3-nm Al2O3 gate dielectric have been investigated. Owing to the optimized AIN/GaN interface, very high carrier mobility (~1400 cm2/V ldr s) and high 2-D electron-gas density (~2.7times1013/cm2) resulted in a record low sheet resistance (~165 Omega/sq). The resultant HEMTs showed a maximum dc output current density of ~2.3 A/mm and a peak extrinsic transconductance gm,ext~480 mS/mm (corresponding to gm,int~1 S/mm). An fT/fmax of 52/60 GHz was measured on 0.25times60 mum2 gate HEMTs. With further improvements of the ohmic contacts, the gate dielectric, and the lowering of the buffer leakage, the presented results suggest that, by using AIN/GaN heterojunctions, it may be possible to push the performance of nitride HEMTs to current, power, and speed levels that are currently unachievable in AlGaN/GaN technology.
Middle School Students’ Weight Perceptions, Dieting Behaviors, and Life Satisfaction

Abstract Background: Previous research has posited that significant relationships exist between health status and psychological measures of health (e.g., self-esteem). Less is known about the relationship between perceived quality of life (e.g., life satisfaction), weight perceptions, and dieting behaviors, particularly among middle school adolescents. Purpose: This study investigated the association between weight perceptions and unhealthful dieting behaviors and overall life satisfaction among middle school students. Methods: Separate models were created for 245 7th and 8th grade males and females using the CDC’s 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). ANOVA analyses and Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) tests compared weight perceptions and dieting behaviors to overall life satisfaction. Results: Females were significantly more likely to report reduced life satisfaction if reporting being overweight, eating less, fasting, or taking diet pills to lose weight (effect sizes 0.96-5.80) (p<. 01). Ma...
Remnant lipoprotein metabolism: key pathways involving cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and apolipoprotein E.

The plasma clearance of intestinally derived remnant lipoproteins by the liver is a process that likely involves three steps. Our model suggests that the initial rapid clearance by the liver begins with sequestration of the remnants within the space of Disse, where apolipoprotein E secreted by hepatocytes enhances remnant binding and uptake. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), which are also abundant in the space of Disse, mediate this enhanced binding. Next, the remnants undergo further processing in the space of Disse by hepatic and lipoprotein lipases, which may also serve as ligands mediating remnant uptake. The final step, endocytosis by hepatocytes, appears to be mediated, at least in part, by the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and by the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP). Cell-surface HSPG play a critical role in remnant uptake, not only in the important initial sequestration or capture step in the space of Disse, but also as an essential or integral component of the HSPG-LRP pathway. In addition, HSPG appear to function alone as a receptor and display unique handling properties for specific isoforms of apolipoprotein E. —Mahley, R. W., and Z-S. Ji. Remnant lipoprotein metabolism: key pathways involving cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and apolipoprotein E. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 1–16.
Bunch Lengthening and Related Effects in SPEAR II

In recent years, electron storage ring designers have become aware of the problems caused by the interaction of short, high current bunches with their environment. Important effects are: (1) energy loss can cause local overheating of chamber components; (2) additional rf power is required due to overall energy loss; (3) the increased energy spread requires increased aperture; (4) destructive instabilities could occur. Anomalous bunch lengthening and energy spread, the spectroscopy of longitudinal modes and the shift of synchronous phase were simultaneously measured in order to study the dynamics of the interaction. From the data obtained at SPEAR II one is led to a model of coupling impedance which should be useful in the design of any electron ring.