cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Phenotyping of Human Endometrium Distinguishes Menstrual Cycle Phases and Underlying Biological Processes in Normo-Ovulatory Women

Histological evaluation of endometrium has been the gold standard for clinical diagnosis and management of women with endometrial disorders. However, several recent studies have questioned the accuracy and utility of such evaluation, mainly because of significant intra- and interobserver variations in histological interpretation. To examine the possibility that biochemical or molecular signatures of endometrium may prove to be more useful, we have investigated whole-genome molecular phenotyping (54,600 genes and expressed sequence tags) of this tissue sampled across the cycle in 28 normo-ovulatory women, using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Unsupervised principal component analysis of all samples revealed that samples self-cluster into four groups consistent with histological phenotypes of proliferative (PE), early-secretory (ESE), mid-secretory (MSE), and late-secretory (LSE) endometrium. Independent hierarchical clustering analysis revealed equivalent results, with two major dendrogram branches corresponding to PE/ESE and MSE/LSE and sub-branching into the four respective phases with heterogeneity among samples within each sub-branch. K-means clustering of genes revealed four major patterns of gene expression (high in PE, high in ESE, high in MSE, and high in LSE), and gene ontology analysis of these clusters demonstrated cycle-phase-specific biological processes and molecular functions. Six samples with ambiguous histology were identically assignable to a cycle phase by both principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering. Additionally, pairwise comparisons of relative gene expression across the cycle revealed genes/families that clearly distinguish the transitions of PE-->ESE, ESE-->MSE, and MSE-->LSE, including receptomes and signaling pathways. Select genes were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Overall, the results demonstrate that endometrial samples obtained by two different sampling techniques (biopsy and curetting hysterectomy specimens) from subjects who are as normal as possible in a human study and including those with unknown histology, can be classified by their molecular signatures and correspond to known phases of the menstrual cycle with identical results using two independent analytical methods. Also, the results enable global identification of biological processes and molecular mechanisms that occur dynamically in the endometrium in the changing steroid hormone milieu across the menstrual cycle in normo-ovulatory women. The results underscore the potential of gene expression profiling for developing molecular diagnostics of endometrial normalcy and abnormalities and identifying molecular targets for therapeutic purposes in endometrial disorders.
Accelerated coated conductor program at Los Alamos National Laboratory

In order to accelerate research and development of coated conductors (CC), a new facility has been developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) with labs dedicated to scaled-up fabrication and characterization of CC. These laboratories include facilities for metal tape preparation, ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of template layers, superconductor deposition by laser ablation (PLD), as well as materials characterization including low-temperature transport measurements. The work builds on the prior successes of the LANL CC program, such as the benchmark results of critical currents over 300 A on 1-cm-wide short samples deposited via IBAD and PLD. The new labs have recently been completed and include the ability for reel-to-reel tape processing and characterization. Fabrication of long lengths of tape (>10 m) allow for high-throughput experimentation by linear combinatorial design. This facility is also made to enable collaboration with industrial and other partners.
Evidence for the Existence of a North Hawaiian Ridge Current

Abstract Two different datasets are examined for information about the existence and characteristics of the North Hawaiian Ridge Current (NHRC). The pan-Pacific drifter dataset shows a mean NHRC to be confined to within about 100 km of the northern side of the Hawaiian Ridge. A close look at the distribution of the data shows that the current is mostly confined in time to a two-month period in the fall of 1991. MBT data from the Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study conducted in the mid-1960s were also examined. Of the 14 cruises with sections north of the Hawaiian Ridge, 5 showed evidence of northwestward flow along the ridge. Of those 5, one was associated with northward meandering of the North Equatorial Current. It is thus suggested that the NHRC is highly intermittent. There are three related hypotheses for the formation of the NHRC, 1) propagation of Rossby waves westward into the ridge, 2) forking of the North Equatorial Current, and 3) as a western boundary current for the eastern Pacific north...
Investment Disputes under NAFTA: an Annotated Guide to NAFTA Chapter 11 by Meg N Kinnear, Andrea K Bjorklund, and John F.G Hannaford

Investment Disputes under NAFTA: an Annotated Guide to NAFTA Chapter 11, by Meg N Kinnear, Andrea K Bjorklund and John F.G Hannaford Published by Kluwer Law International (2006, 974 pp.). Price £ 169, €242 or US$323. ISBN: 9041123393 The investment chapter of the North American Free Trade Agreement is and remains one of the most influential instruments in investment law. It is the bedrock of the new models of Canadian and US free trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties, models that have already given birth to agreements with over a dozen countries. It is, with a few notable exceptions, encyclopedic in the sense that it contains a version of almost every form of provision found in investment treaties today. And, perhaps most important, the NAFTA’s investment chapter has given rise to a considerable and influential body of jurisprudence. More arbitral decisions under the NAFTA exist than is the case for any other single investment agreement today. For all of these reasons, Investment Disputes under NAFTA Chapter 11 is a superb reference tool for any serious practitioner of international investment arbitration. It is a reference par excellence for arbitrations under NAFTA’s investment chapter. However, it is also useful for almost any problem involving interpretation of the text of an investment treaty (and the vast majority of legal issues in investment treaty arbitrations involve such problems). Counsel addressing a national treatment claim under an investment treaty between a European and an Asian country, for example, can refer to the chapter addressing the NAFTA’s national treatment provision, Article 1102, and within moments have a sophisticated understanding of how national treatment provisions work, what problems have confronted tribunals in their application and the holdings of a …
Educational Technology for the Global Village: Worldwide Innovation and Best Practices by Les Lloyd

Educational Technology for the Global Village: Worldwide Innovation and Best Practices maps the projects of 12 educators’ use of instructional technology to enhance student and global learning. The...
IMPORTANCE OF REDUCTION IN QRS DURATION IN CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION

Following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), the postoperative paced QRS duration may be more prolonged than the preoperative QRS (+QRS). The outcome of +QRS patients is unclear. Analysis of 100 consecutive patients with successful CRT implantation. Thirty seven patients had a +QRS. These
The Science and Technology Evaluation Model and Its Empirical Research Based on Entropy-revised G1 Combination Weighting

This paper constructs the science and technology evaluation indicator system through rules such as science and technology input and output,impact of science and technology on economy and society.This paper builds the science and technology evaluation model based on entropy-revised G1 combination weighting and evaluates 14 provincial capitals.The contribution and characteristics lie in two aspects.First,based on four evaluation rules,it sets up the science and technology evaluation indicator system which reflects the principle of Scientific Outlook on Development.Second,the combination weighing method can reflect expert opinion and data information,which avoids the problem of deciding the importance of indicators subjectively and lacking of objective basis.
Developmental plasticity of ascending spinal axons studies using the north american opossum, Didelphis virginiana

Abstract The objectives of the present study were to determine if axons of all ascending tracts grow through the lesion after transection of the thoracic spinal cord during development in the North American opossum, and if so, whether they reach regions of the brain they normally innervate. Opossum pups were subjected to transection of the mid-thoracic cord at PD5, PD8, PD12, PD20, or PD26 and injections of Fast Blue (FB) into the lower thoracic or upper lumbar cord 30–40 days or 6 months later. In the PD5 transected cases, labeled axons were present in all of the supraspinal areas labeled by comparable injections in unlesioned, age-matched controls. In the experimental cases, however, labeled axons appeared to be fewer in number and in some areas more restricted in location than in the controls. When lesions were made at PD8, labeled axons were present in the brain of animals allowed to survive 30–40 days prior to FB injections but they were not observed in those allowed to survive 6 months. When lesions were made at PD12 or later, labeled axons were never found rostral to the lesion. It appears, therefore, that axons of all ascending spinal pathways grow though the lesion after transection of the thoracic cord in developing opossums and that they innervate appropriate areas of the brain. Interestingly, the critical period for such growth is shorter than that for most descending axons, suggesting that factors which influence loss of developmental plasticity are not the same for all axons.
Basic Concepts of Colorimetry

This chapter deals with color measurement and interpretation for opaque solids and transparent liquids. The problems associated with color measurement of turbid liquids and slurries are much more complicated and deserve treatment on their own.
An integrated patch-clamp amplifier for ultra-low current measurement on solid-state nanopore

In this paper, an integrated low-noise patch-clamp amplifier for a solid-state nanopore application is proposed which is composed of three stages: 1) a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA), 2) a voltage-gain amplifier (VGA), and 3) a unity-gain buffer. Because the first stage amplifier makes dominant impacts on gain, bandwidth, noise, stability, and area of the patch-clamp amplifier, in this work, we present the design analysis for the TIA and its optimal feedback resistance. The proposed patch-clamp amplifier has a maximum gain of 152.2dBΩ, an input-referred noise of 11.3pARMS within bandwidth of 10 KHz, and occupies an active die-area of 0.0625mm2. This amplifier is under fabrication in a 0.35μm CMOS 4M2P Process.
Computational modeling sheds light on structural evolution in metallic glasses and supercooled liquids

This article presents an overview of three challenging issues that are currently being debated in the community researching on the evolution of amorphous structures in metallic glasses and their parent supercooled liquids. Our emphasis is on the valuable insights acquired in recent computational analyses that have supplemented experimental investigations. The first idea is to use the local structural order developed, and in particular its evolution during undercooling, as a signature indicator to rationalize the experimentally observed temperature-dependence of viscosity, hence suggesting a possible structural origin of liquid fragility. The second issue concerns with the claim that the average nearest-neighbor distance in metallic melts contracts rather than expands upon heating, concurrent with a reduced coordination number. This postulate is, however, based on the shift of the first peak maximum in the pair distribution function and an average bond length determined from nearest neighbors designated using a distance cutoff. These can instead be a result of increasing skewness of the broad first peak, upon thermally exacerbated asymmetric distribution of neighboring atoms activated to shorter and longer distances under the anharmonic interatomic interaction potential. The third topic deals with crystal-like peak positions in the pair distribution function of metallic glasses. These peak locations can be explained using various connection schemes of coordination polyhedra, and found to be present already in high-temperature liquids without hidden crystal order. We also present an outlook to invite more in-depth computational research to fully settle these issues in future, and to establish more robust structure-property relations in amorphous alloys.
Oral Vitamin D Rapidly Attenuates Inflammation from Sunburn: An Interventional Study

The diverse immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are increasingly being recognized. However, the ability of oral vitamin D to modulate acute inflammation in vivo has not been established in humans. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled interventional trial, 20 healthy adults were randomized to receive either placebo or a high dose of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) one hour after experimental sunburn induced by an erythemogenic dose of UVR. Compared with placebo, participants receiving vitamin D3 (200,000 international units) demonstrated reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.04) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (P = 0.02) in skin biopsy specimens 48 hours after experimental sunburn. A blinded, unsupervised hierarchical clustering of participants based on global gene expression profiles revealed that participants with significantly higher serum vitamin D3 levels after treatment (P = 0.007) demonstrated increased skin expression of the anti-inflammatory mediator arginase-1 (P = 0.005), and a sustained reduction in skin redness (P = 0.02), correlating with significant expression of genes related to skin barrier repair. In contrast, participants with lower serum vitamin D3 levels had significant expression of proinflammatory genes. Together the data may have broad implications for the immunotherapeutic properties of vitamin D in skin homeostasis, and implicate arginase-1 upregulation as a previously unreported mechanism by which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects in humans.
Fractures and Osteomalacia in a Patient Treated With Frequent Home Hemodialysis

Bone deformities and fractures are common consequences of renal osteodystrophy in the dialysis population. Persistent hypophosphatemia may be observed with more frequent home hemodialysis regimens, but the specific effects on the skeleton are unknown. We present a patient with end-stage renal disease treated with frequent home hemodialysis who developed severe bone pain and multiple fractures, including a hip fracture and a tibia-fibula fracture complicated by nonunion, rendering her nonambulatory and wheelchair bound for more than a year. A bone biopsy revealed severe osteomalacia, likely secondary to chronic hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia. Treatment changes included the addition of phosphate to the dialysate, a higher dialysate calcium concentration, and increased calcitriol dose. Several months later, the patient no longer required a wheelchair and was able to ambulate without pain. Repeat bone biopsy revealed marked improvements in bone mineralization and turnover parameters. Also, with increased dialysate phosphate and calcium concentrations, as well as increased calcitriol, circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 levels increased.
EMG Interfaces for VR and Telematic Control Applications

Abstract The actions of the human operator are measured and used to control VR environments and telemanipulators. Current interfacing devices have to be externally worn and are rather restrictive. The authors have developed interfaces using surface electromyograhy (EMG) signals. Surface EMG signals from digitorum superficialis were measured, processed and used to control simple geometric computer models of the index finger in free form flexion and squeezing of model objects held by the model finger. The results revealed that RMS errors were significantly lower when the subject was holding a real object in his/her hand when compared to the control of the model finger without holding any real object in the operator's hand. The present study established the proof of concept for object manipulation in VR environments using surface EMG signals from the operator 's hand.
Refined Gradient Inelastic Flexibility-Based Formulation for Members Subjected to Arbitrary Loading

AbstractThis paper advances the gradient inelastic (GI) flexibility-based (FB) frame element formulation, which focused on monotonic loading conditions, to capture member responses to arbitrary (no...
Biology of Lung Cancer Metastases

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women. Distant reoccurrence remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the patients with lung cancer. The term metastasis is defined as the transfer of disease from one organ to part or to another not directly connected to it. Metastasis is the primary clinical challenge as it is unpredictable in onset and it exponentially increases the clinical impact to the host. Tumor metastasis is a multistage process in which malignant cells spread from primary tumor to discontiguous organs. It involves a rest and growth in different micro-environments, which are treated clinically with different strategies depending on the tumor histotope and metastatic location. Some isolated metastases may be resected, whereas metastases to other organs may be treated with radioisotopes and are virtually unresectable. Because of the cellular heterogeneity therapies have varying degrees of efficacy that are challenging not only for the oncologist but also for our understanding of the metastatic process. This chapter will focus on differences regarding morphology and biomarker expression between the primary tumor and metastases of lung adenocarcinoma. The mutation status of metastases can differ from that of the primary tumor and also among metastases. The review will also present the frequency and the significance of pathologic variables between primary tumor and metastases.
Enabling Interactive Video Streaming for Public Safety Monitoring through Batch Scheduling

Public safety officials want to have maximum situational-awareness though real-time information, such as video content, for natural disaster management. The video content can be generated by surveillance cameras or crowd-sourced (e.g., using smart-phones) and live-streamed to the Incident Commander. Such video contents need to be processed to adapt the characteristics of the specialized multi-view display devices. When a disaster occurs, there is a surge in the number of videos streamed to the Incident Commander that oversubscribes the processing servers and the network load. Incident Commanders, however, need a smooth and uninterrupted viewing experience specifically for the important events of interest that can change over time. The challenge is how to enable the Incident Commander to interactively prioritize important video streams to receive them uninterruptedly while the system is oversubscribed. In such a system, normal video streams (i.e., non-prioritized ones) should not be interrupted at the expense of prioritization. To address this challenge, in this research, we propose a stream-priority aware resource allocation mechanism to enable interactive video prioritization without a major impact on the flow of non-prioritized video streams. The mechanism includes a method to select appropriate tasks from the arriving ones and a method to map the selected task to the appropriate video server. Our simulation results express that the percentage of normal and prioritized video streaming tasks that have completed on-time are improved, when compared with baseline scheduling methods.
Robust structural health monitoring under environmental and operational uncertainty with switching state-space autoregressive models:

Existing methods for structural health monitoring are limited due to their sensitivity to changes in environmental and operational conditions, which can obscure the indications of damage by introdu...
Maternal and Child Health Among Female Firefighters in the U.S.

Objectives Despite increasing attention to the occupational impact of firefighting, little is known specific to the health of women firefighters. In particular, quantitative data is lacking on the impact firefighting has on maternal and child health for women who become pregnant while working as firefighters. Methods A total of 1821 women firefighters responded to requests to complete a self-report survey of questions about pregnancy. Women answered questions about their departments’ policies and practices and their own experiences of pregnancy. Those participants who reported a pregnancy while serving as a firefighter were asked detailed questions about their pregnancy and outcomes. Results Female firefighters reported that nearly a quarter of their first pregnancies while in the fire service ended in miscarriage and that increased to a third of pregnancies by the fourth. Rates of pre-term delivery also were high among this population. Conclusions Findings have important implications for policy and practice among women who become pregnant while actively serving in the fire service.
Portrait of Addiction

An ever-increasing cultural diversification within American society has resulted in variegated dialogues involving different cultural backgrounds, beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and/or languages. These demographic changes combined with the complexities of contemporary racism, racial prejudice, and/or cultural miscommunication have impacted the level of addiction treatment needs for communities of color, in particular, African American and Hispanic communities. This lack of recognition of cultural differences has often led to the development and implementation of ineffective, inefficient, and inequitable substance use disorder (SUD) treatment services. Cultural competency is necessary for the effectiveness of delivery and the quality of services; however, studies have shown that some SUD treatment organizations have failed to adequately understand African American and Hispanic clients with regard to their treatment needs. To facilitate in the process of improving SUD treatment services for African American and Hispanic communities, this chapter will discuss challenges associated with SUDs by gender via the identified groups. The chapter will also explore risk factors, cultural issues, and complexities in diagnosing SUDs and co-occurring disorders (i.e., alcohol or drugs and mental health). Finally, treatment recommendations and service models that have shown to be effective when working with these two communities of color will also be presented.
Lifelong Learning Networks: Beyond Single Agent Lifelong Learning.

Lifelong machine learning (LML) is a paradigm to design adaptive agents that can learn in dynamic environments. Current LML algorithms consider a single agent that has centralized access to all data. However, given privacy and security constraints, data might be distributed among multiple agents that can collaborate and learn from collective experience. Our goal is to extend LML from a single agent to a network of multiple agents that collectively learn a series of tasks.
Fund Raiser’s Checklist

This Checklist will enable each fund raiser to evaluate the effectiveness of his own letters. Both the novice and the experienced fund raiser, as well as volunteers and individuals working in public relations/community affairs, should find this Checklist particularly helpful in improving material.
Comparing HMM, maximum entropy, and conditional random fields for disfluency detection.

Automatic detection of disfluencies in spoken language is important for making speech recognition output more readable, and for aiding downstream language processing modules. We compare a generative hidden Markov model (HMM)-based approach and two conditional models — a maximum entropy (Maxent) model and a conditional random field (CRF) — for detecting disfluencies in speech. The conditional modeling approaches provide a more principled way to model correlated features. In particular, the CRF approach directly detects the reparandum regions, and thus avoids the use of ad-hoc heuristic rules. We evaluate performance of these three models across two different corpora (conversational speech and broadcast news) and for two types of transcriptions (human transcriptions and recognition output). Overall we find that that the conditional modeling approaches (Maxent and CRF) provide benefit over the HMM approach. Effects of speaking style, word recognition errors, and future directions are also discussed.
A Study of Low-Mass Dileptons at the CERN SPS

Measuring and analyzing electromagnetic radiation from heavy-ion collisions represents a significant experimental challenge compared to hadronic signals owing to the relatively small cross sections. The additional information they provide certainly justifies the undertaking. Hadrons produced in the initial stages of the collision interact on average several times before leaving the reaction zone. Consequently, any information embedded in hadronic dynamics is completely masked by multiple scatterings. Dileptons are not disturbed by the hadronic environment even though they are produced at all stages of the collisions as they have long mean free paths. They are dubbed “clean probes” of the collision dynamics.
Glycerol-derived magnetic mesoporous Fe/C composites for Cr(VI) removal, prepared via acid-assisted one-pot pyrolysis

Rapid increases in biodiesel use results in a surplus of its production by-product, glycerol, exceeding demand by traditional applications. In this study, Fe/C composites are prepared from glycerol-based precursors that include a dissolved iron salt via one-pot, two-stage pyrolysis. The first heating stage dehydrates, polymerizes, and carbonizes glycerol via acid-assisted pyrolysis while homogeneously dispersing a precipitated iron salt throughout the generated carbon matrix. The second stage develops porosity in the carbon support while reducing impregnated iron nanoparticles. Carbon supports with tailored physiochemical properties are generated by varying the dehydration acid (H2SO4 or H3PO4). Fe/C samples are predominantly mesoporous, with specific surface areas up to 560 m2/g and bulk iron contents up to 8.9 wt%, primarily as partially reduced Fe3O4. Cr(VI) removal follows the Freundlich model, reaching 107 mg/g at pH = 5. Mesoporous Fe/C composites are magnetic, allowing collection for reuse. After 4 use/recovery/reuse cycles, performance drops by < 25% when the products are applied in an actual wastewater system. Overall, the magnetic mesoporous Fe/C composite materials are straightforward to produce from waste glycerol and exhibit potential for environmental application in aqueous systems.
Visualizing the Division of Knowledge: A Simulation of the Formation of Transactive Memory Systems

A transactive memory system (TMS) is a system where members share the knowledge of “who knows what.” That is, a TMS is an instance of knowledge division, particularly of expertise, within a network of social connections like a work team. A large volume of studies has been done on how social networks relate to the formation and dynamics of TMSs in workplaces. However, previous research tends to focus on dyadic network ties instead of triadic network structures. This paper extends research on how certain triadic microstructures relate to the formation of TMSs using a model of task completion within a team. By comparing the networks produced by our model with random networks, we are able to determine that our networks are similar to real-life TMS networks as examined in the literature. Furthermore, we show that larger TMS networks start to resemble random networks of the same size, which may provide further intuition for why too-large teams tend to suffer losses in productivity.
Centimeter-Level Indoor Localization using Channel State Information with Recurrent Neural Networks

This paper aims at solving two major drawbacks of fingerprint-based localization methods: 1) existing fingerprint-based methods mainly rely on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) as the input feature, which renders centimeter-level localization impossible; 2) existing deep learning methods that rely on channel state information (CSI) as a feature do not consider the user trajectory and/or the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) information. To address these issues, this paper introduces a recurrent neural network (RNN) for centimeter-level indoor localization. The proposed RNN takes into consideration the user trajectory, as well as, the SNR information. We show that when the training data set is small, our proposed network beats the state-of-the-art neural networks. Moreover, for the first time, we present an extensive comparison between neural-network-based and decision-tree-based localization methods. The simulation results show that neural networks have higher estimation accuracy than tree-based methods.
Effects of subzero saline chilling on broiler chilling efficiency, meat quality, and microbial safety.

The poultry industry has attempted to improve carcass chilling efficiency, meat quality, and product safety. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of subzero saline chilling on carcass chilling, breast fillet tenderness, and microbial safety. After evisceration, broiler carcasses were chilled using ice slurry control (0% NaCl/0.5°C) or subzero saline solutions (3% NaCl/-1.8°C and 4% NaCl/-2.41°C). Broiler carcasses in the subzero saline solutions were chilled efficiently and reduced the chilling time by 11% in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C and 37% in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C over the ice slurry chilling. The breast fillets of broiler carcasses in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C were significantly tenderized than those in water control (P < 0.05), with an intermediate value observed in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C. Before chilling, broiler carcasses possessed mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms for 3.81, 0.78, and 1.86 log cfu/g, respectively, which were significantly reduced after chilling in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C or 4% NaCl/-2.41°C solution over the water control (P < 0.05), except the mesophilic aerobic bacteria. Based on these results, chilling of boiler carcass in 4% NaCl/-1.8°C solution appears to improve carcass chilling efficiency, meat tenderness, and bacterial reduction for E. coli and total coliforms.
The ACE Questionnaire and Lifetime Physical Aggression

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated disproportionately with sexual rather than physical forms of aggression. Questions remain regarding the value of ACE survey research in adv...
Combined Upper Blepharoplasty With Upper Eyelid Filler Injection

To describe our experience with treating upper eyelid aging with combined upper blepharoplasty and upper eyelid hyaluronic acid gel filler injection. Retrospective analysis of patients with upper e...
Anomalies, extensions, and orbifolds

We investigate gauge anomalies in the context of orbifold conformal field theories. Such anomalies manifest as failures of modular invariance in the constituents of the orbifold partition function. We review how this irregularity is classified by cohomology and how extending the orbifold group can remove it. Working with such extensions requires an understanding of the consistent ways in which extending groups can act on the twisted states of the original symmetry, which leads us to a discrete torsionlike choice that exists in orbifolds with trivially acting subgroups. We review a general method for constructing such extensions and investigate its application to orbifolds. Through numerous explicit examples we test the conjecture that consistent extensions should be equivalent to (in general multiple copies of) orbifolds by nonanomalous subgroups.
Psychological disorders confer poor functional outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Background Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is being used to treat a number of shoulder disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between psychological disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, and postoperative complications and outcomes after RTSA. Methods A total of 128 patients who underwent an RTSA between January 2010 and February 2017 were identified. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, SST, ROM, complications, radiographic outcomes and patient satisfaction were collected. Follow-up occurred at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively (average of 3.68 years). Statistical analysis evaluated the effects of multiple risk factors: psychological disorders, substance abuse, and preoperative diagnoses. Results Psychological disorder diagnosis correlated with statistically significant lower American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons function (P = .027) and Simple Shoulder Test (P = .029) scores compared with those without a psychological disorder. It also conferred poor functional outcomes based on external rotation (P = .012). Complications, especially major complications, were more prevalent in patients with psychological diagnoses than without. A history of substance abuse correlated with a lower external rotation (P = .025). Conclusion Both a preoperative psychological diagnosis and a history of substance abuse conferred worse objective and functional outcomes scores after RTSA.
Defective interfering virus particles and their biological functions.

Biologically active defective interfering (DI) virus particles have been found in a large number of animal virus groups. These include picorna, toga, orthomyxo, paramyxo, rhabdo, arena, reo, retro, papova, adeno, and herpes viruses (1). This list of animal viruses suggests that DI particles are common in most, if not all, animal viruses. The properties, biological roles, and perspectives of DI particles have been reviewed previously (1,2,3). A brief summary of the properties and the biological significance of DI particles in the outcome of natural viral infections will be presented here.
Adaptive FEC coding and cooperative relayed wireless image transmission

Abstract High quality image transmission through smart devices requires high transmission rate, throughput and low Bit Error Rate (BER). At the same time, energy efficiency is always the top issue for the battery-based smart devices such as smart phone, tablets, etc. In this paper, an adaptive Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding and cooperative relayed image transmission system is proposed, through which both transmission quality and energy efficiency could be promised under complex mobile communication channel environment. There are four steps in the proposed scheme: (1) Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and wavelet based Decomposition, (2) Pixel-Position (PP) information and Pixel-Value (PV) information split based unequal image resource allocation, (3) transmission through channel fading and AWGN communication environment, (4) multiple-relays and adaptive channel coding. Comparing to traditional methods, our proposed method is more practical to transmit high quality images through battery-limited smart phone platforms.
Clinical Toxicology in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

The role of the clinical toxicologist in the neonatal nursery may be an extremely important one in the evaluation of epidemic-like toxic reactions occurring from: (a) the inappropriate use of medications; (b) the accidental contamination of parenterals; and (c) the introduction of relatively new products into the nursery environment. The newborn with high respiratory demands, thin epidermis with a large surface area to body mass ratio, and nutritional support being derived completely from parenteral sources provides a great number of routes of entry for the introduction of toxins. In approaching these problems, the clinician needs a structured approach in considering the impact of the route of administration, the contents of the product and the ability of the newborn to eliminate the toxin in question. In addition, some knowledge of the specialised structures and diseases of the newborn is required to adequately analyse the impact of a potential toxin on newborn disease processes. What we normally consider as adverse drug reactions are extremely rare in the neonate. Hypersensitivity phenomenon and the classic non-dose-related side effects described in adults are rare occurrences. This makes it a challenge for the clinical toxicologist to analyse and attempt to identify a toxic substance in the nursery. Having identified a toxin in the newborn, treatment may be complicated by the inability to use many of the standard forms of therapy, e.g. activated charcoal, diuresis, and extracorporeal removal. The lack of practicality of these procedures increases the necessity for good supportive care. Exchange transfusion, rarely considered in older children and adults, may offer the only viable option for rapid removal of a drug.
Spectra and structure of small ring compounds: XL. Infrared and Raman spectra of cyclobutylmethylether

Abstract The infrared spectra (50–4000 cm −1 ) of gaseous and solid cyclobutylmethylether and cyclobutylmethyl- d 3 -ether and the Raman spectra (25–4000 cm −1 ) of gaseous, liquid and solid cyclobutylmethylether and cyclobutylmethyl- d 3 -ether have been recorded. Depolarization values were measured for both the gaseous and liquid states. Most of the 42 fundamental vibrations have been assigned and support for only one molecular configuration ( gauche ) is presented. The interesting methyl and methoxy torsions were observed at 195 and 101 cm −1 , respectively, for the “light” molecule (155 and 92 cm −1 for C 4 H 9 OCD 3 ) and the three-fold barrier to internal rotation of the methyl group was calculated to be 3100 ± 50 cal mole −1 . The asymmetric potential function could not be determined because of the limited number of observed transitions.
Some Comments on Talking and Listening in Psychotherapy

(1961). Some Comments on Talking and Listening in Psychotherapy. Psychiatry: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 269-272.
Metacognition in Creativity

The process of creation is a cognitive process. Perceiving, learning, thinking, and remembering—this is the stuff of creativity. The creative process involves the acquisition of knowledge and skills, the transformation of knowledge into new forms, and the rendering of these forms into a shareable product. Each stage in the process entails cognition. It seems appropriate, therefore, to inquire about a cognitive model of creativity. In one way or another, the chapters in this part of the book all address this issue. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the creative process from the perspective of one particular aspect of cognition—metacognition.
Attachment and penetration of cells by viruses.

Publisher Summary As a prelude to its intracellular reproductive functions, a virus particle attaches to the host cell, and at least part of it penetrates into the interior. This chapter summarizes knowledge about events that occur during these earliest stages of the infectious process. The discussion concerns bacteriophages of the T system and their host, Escherichia coli B, which have been studied most intensively, but related phenomena in other systems are also discussed. Employing ionizing radiations, the sensitive volumes are estimated concerned with various reactions for penetration. It is concluded that for T1, the functions require the integrity of structures whose sizes increase in the order (i) reaction with neutralizing antibody, (ii) attachment either to host cells or glass surfaces, (iii) cell killing, and (iv) infectivity. The sensitive region for inactivation of attachment of T2 is smaller than that of T1. Interestingly, the sensitive volume of the attachment function corresponds closely to the size of T2 fibrils.
Azide addition to give a tetra-azazirconacycle complex.

Addition of the dilithium salt, ortho-(Me3SiNLi)2C6H4, to ZrCl4 affords a base-free, D2d-symmetric complex ZrIV[ortho-(Me3SiN)2C6H4]2 (2), with rigorously planar ortho-phenylenediamine ligands. Lewis acidic 2 readily coordinates donor ligands such as NHEt2 to give the five-coordinate complex, ZrIV(NHEt2)[ortho-(Me3SiN)2C6H4]2 (3), which is also accessible by the reaction of Zr(NEt2)4 with 2 equiv of ortho-(Me3SiNH)2C6H4. Aryl azides react with 2 and 3 to give an unusual tetra-azametallacycle complex, 4, via 1,2-addition of a ligand N−Si bond to the organic azide. An X-ray crystal structure of 4 reveals a planar, five-membered metallacycle comprising the zirconium atom, one nitrogen atom of the ortho-(Me3SiN)2C6H4 ligand, and all three nitrogen atoms of the aryl azide.
Current Lynch Syndrome Tumor Screening Practices: A Survey of Genetic Counselors

An electronic survey of the National Society of Genetic Counselors Cancer Special Interest Group was conducted in July 2011 to assess Lynch syndrome tumor screening programs and identify barriers to implementation. Over half of respondents (52.8 %) reported having a routine Lynch syndrome tumor screening protocol for newly diagnosed colon and/or endometrial cancers, and approximately half of these used a universal approach. There was an increase in the number of those screening over time, especially in the past 3 years. Tumor screening methods varied; 34/53 (64.2 %) started with immunohistochemistry, 11/53 (20.8 %) started with microsatellite instability testing and 8/53 (15.1 %) performed both on newly diagnosed colorectal tumors. Just 21.7 % (23/106) of respondents indicated they have a tumor screening program in place for newly diagnosed endometrial cancers. Written consent is rarely obtained (7.1 %) and the method of how results were returned to the patient was variable among respondents. Prevalent barriers to implementation were concern about cost, bringing key players together and convincing medical staff of the necessity. Use of Lynch syndrome tumor screening is in clinical practice, but protocols vary widely. This survey provides a glimpse of current practices and common barriers, and identifies the need for tumor screening algorithms with outcomes data.
Some Neuropharmacological Properties of the Ephedrine Isomers

The central nervous system stimulating activity of the ephedrine isomers was compared with that of racemic amphetamine. Central nervous system alterations induced by acute administration of the drugs were evaluated by employing several standard techniques, including low-frequency electroshock and chemoshock threshold determinations, hexobarbital sleep-time alteration, and a behavioral rating scale. Evidence was obtained to show that the ephedrines vary in their ability to produce central stimulation. It was found that d (–)ephedrine and l (+) ephedrine were considerably more potent than d (–) pseudoephedrine and l (+) pseudoephedrine.
Two-Phase Flow Visualization in Chevron and Bumpy Style Flat Plate Heat Exchangers

Adiabatic flow visualization in a chevron plate, a 1:1 aspect ratio bumpy plate, and a 2:1 aspect ratio bumpy plate heat exchangers were investigated for vertical upward flow with R134a. Qualities ranging from 5% to 90% and mass fluxes of 60, 90, and 125 kg/m2-s were investigated. The flow visualization experiments were conducted at a 10°C inlet temperature. Four flow regimes were observed for the flat plate geometries investigated: bubbly flow, rough annular flow, smooth annular flow, and mist flow. The four flow regimes are mapped out on a mass flux versus quality basis for each geometry. The chevron geometry was seen to undergo flow transitions at lower qualities and mass fluxes than the bumpy plate geometries, and the 2:1 aspect ratio bumpy plate geometry was seen to undergo flow transitions at lower qualities and mass fluxes than the 1:1 aspect ratio bumpy plate geometry.
Determining Appropriate Fare Levels for Distance-Based Fare Structure Considering Users' Behaviors in a Time-Expanded Network

This research investigated the potential of a distance-based fare structure with a case study of the Utah Transit Authority system in northern Utah. The metrics of evaluation were viewed through demand maximization within a modeling scheme for a distance-based fare structure for all fixed route transit modes. Transit users' route choices were explicitly modeled in the transit system on the time-expanded network. This modeling scheme was integrated into the lower level of the bi-level programming framework, where the upper level uncovered the optimized fare levels for the distance-based fare structure with a genetic algorithm. Through implementation of the methodology, the distance-based fare levels were evaluated for their effect on increasing transit demand. Using the market segmentation analysis, the study found that a distance-based fare with a no-base fare had the highest potential for increasing the transit demand. A $0.50 base fare was examined and was shown to be feasible in the case that a base fa...
Determination of acetylmethadol and metabolites by use of high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method is described for the simultaneous determination of l,α-acetylmethadol (LAAM) and five active metabolites — noracetylmethadol, dinoracetylmethadol, methadol, normethadol, and dinormethadol — in biofluids by high-performance liquid chromatography using a normal-phase column and a UV detector at 218 nm. The compounds are recovered from biofluids by a multistep liquid—liquid extraction. The mobile phase is methanol—acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) containing 0.015% ammonium hydroxide as the modifier. Retention times can be varied by adjusting the composition of the mobile phase to maximize peak height for quantitation using l-propranolol as the internal standard or peak separation for the collection of fractions. Using a UV detector the lower limit of sensitivity is 10 ng/ml of biofluid. Using fraction collection of radiolabeled drug and metabolites followed by liquid scintillation counting the lower limit of sensitivity is 1.0 ng/ml. Commonly used or abused narcotics including morphine, heroin, meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene do not interfere with the analysis. The method has been applied to plasma and urine samples from humans, sheep and rats. Extracts of urine from patients receiving maintenance treatment with LAAM contain LAAM and each of the five active metabolites.
Degradation of Metal−Nitrilotriacetate Complexes by Nitrilotriacetate Monooxygenase

Studies of metal−NTA complex degradation using NTA monooxygenase (NTA-Mo) can provide a mechanistic understanding of NTA degradation and lead to approaches to remediate recalcitrant metal−NTA complexes (e.g., NiNTA-). NTA can exist in aqueous systems as various species depending upon the pH and types and concentrations of ions present (e.g., HNTA2-, CaNTA-, MgNTA-). An understanding of the aqueous speciation of NTA is necessary to determine the substrate range of NTA complexes degraded by NTA-Mo. The protonated form of NTA (HNTA2-) and CaNTA- were not degraded by NTA-Mo, while MgNTA-, MnNTA-, CoNTA-, FeNTA-, NiNTA-, and ZnNTA- were degraded with similar Km's. This is surprising because these metal−NTA complexes have different rates of biodegradation by whole cells. This suggests that biodegradation of various metal−NTA complexes is limited by the rate of transport into the cell and that NTA-Mo may be useful for degrading metal−NTA complexes recalcitrant to degradation by whole cells. In mixed systems cont...