cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Su1460 High Resolution Manometry (HRM) Evaluation of Esophageal Motility After Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus

High Resolution Manometry (HRM) Evaluation of Esophageal Motility After Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Barrett’s Esophagus Shiva K. Ratuapli*, David E. Fleischer, Jay Yuan, George E. Burdick, Francisco C. Ramirez, Michael D. Crowell Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive form of endoscopic therapy for eliminating Barrett’s mucosa at risk for transformation to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The effects of RFA are reportedly limited to the mucosal layer of esophagus with no effects on deeper esophageal tissues. However, the effects of RFA on esophageal motility are not known. Aim: To compare esophageal motor function in Barrett’s patients who have been treated with RFA with those that have not been treated. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done for all Barrett’s patients who had high resolution esophageal manometry from January 2006 to September 2012. Manometry was performed using Manoscan (Given Imaging, USA), and was analyzed using Manoview Analysis version 3.0 software. HALO 360 (BÂARX Medical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) was used for circumferential RFA, and HALO 90 was used for focal RFA. Barrett’s patients who had HRM performed after the RFA procedure (RFA group) were compared with those that did not undergo RFA (Non RFA group). Demographic, endoscopic, manometric and pH-metry data were compared among groups using General Linear Models (SPSS v 20.0, Chicago, IL). Data are presented as mean SD. Results: Twenty-three patients who had HRM after RFA were compared with 112 patients who did not have RFA treatment during the study period. In the RFA group, HRM was performed after a mean 525( 559) days of having their first RFA treatment. There were no significant group differences for age (65 13 yrs vs 60 13 yrs) or BMI (28 4 vs 28 5). The length of Barrett’s segment was 6.4 4.3 cm in the RFA group and 2.9 2.6 cm in non RFA group (P 0.001) The duration of Barrett’s diagnosis in corresponding groups was 5.5 3.8 yrs and 3.6 4.9 yrs. Dysplasia was present in 14 (61%) RFA group patients and 10 (9%) non RFA group patients (P 0.001). Although the prevalence of hiatal hernia was similar in the two groups (78% vs 70%), hiatal hernia was larger in the RFA group compared with the non-RFA group (4.1 1.9 cm vs 2.9 2 cm, P 0.02). Esophageal acid exposure, as assessed by percent time pH 4 (6 .2 19 (n 18) vs 7.5 12.2 (n 67), P 0.73) and DeMeester score (19.6 54.3 vs 26.2 39.9, P 0.56) were not significantly different between the two groups. Other various parameters representing esophageal motor function were not significantly different between the two groups (Table 1). Conclusion: Compared to patients with untreated Barrett’s esophagus, radiofrequency ablation does not seem to affect esophageal motility, as assessed by high resolution manometry. Our data supports even further the safety profile of RFA.
Yield Response of Pumpkin and Winter Squash to Simulated Cucumber Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Feeding Injury

Field studies were conducted to characterize the yield responses of pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo L., and winter squash, Cucurbita maxima Duch., to simulated striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), feeding damage. Preliminary studies in pumpkin (‘Spookie’) were conducted in 1993, and more complete studies in 1994 and 1995 in pumpkin (Spookie), and in 1995 and 1996 in winter squash (‘Waltham’). Plants were artificially injured 1 time at the cotyledon, 1st, 2nd, or 3rd true leaf stages by clipping specified percentages of leaf area from all leaves on the plant. Treatments consisted of a control treatment with no simulated injury and 4 levels of simulated injury. Pumpkin treatments were 10, 20, 40, and 80% leaf area removal in 1993 and 1994 and 20, 40, 60, and 80% in 1995. Winter squash treatments were 20, 40, 60, and 80% leaf area removal in 1995, and 10, 20, 40, and 80% in 1996. In 1993, 5 wk after planting, mean leaf, stem, and total dry weight were significantly lower on pumpkin plants subjected to ≥20% simulated leaf injury regardless of the growth stage when the injury occurred. Injury at the 3rd leaf stage resulted in a significant reduction in the mean leaf and total dry weight of plant, across all levels of injury. At 2–3 wk before crop maturity, fruit weight and number of fruit per plant were significantly lower with 80% leaf area removal. In 1994 and 1995, and when pumpkins were grown to full maturity and apparently able to compensate for the simulated damage, neither number nor weight of marketable fruit per plant were affected significantly by simulated injury at any stage of development nor level of simulated injury. In contrast, ≥20% and 80% leaf area removal to winter squash resulted in significant reductions in the weight of marketable fruit and/or number of marketable fruit, in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The results of this study indicate that pumpkins can tolerate relatively high levels of simulated defoliation, whereas winter squash is less tolerant. Variable results across years in winter squash may indicate an interaction between injury and plant stress caused by abiotic factors such as soil moisture availability.
Beyond Compliance: The Value of SOX

Many companies complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) focus primarily on effective internal controls and reliable financial reporting. Addressing only these aspects, however, leaves most of the value on the table. By putting the spotlight on the broader definition of internal control, which includes effectiveness and efficiency of operations, evidence suggests that companies can make compliance with SOX, particularly Section 404, more of a value proposition. This article examines the additional value that public and nonpublic entities have extracted from compliance with SOX and SOX-related procedures.
Chronic disease prevalence and discontinuation of medications among young mothers with a relationship to the child welfare system

Abstract Objectives To describe the prevalence of chronic conditions in the reproductive period among young mothers with a relationship to child welfare and to describe medication discontinuity from the preconception to postpartum period. Methods Retrospective cohort of mothers aged 15 to 24 delivering an infant between 2007 and 2010 in a large, Mid-Atlantic city. Descriptive and chi square statistics were used to: 1) describe the prevalence of chronic conditions and medication fills in the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum periods and, 2) determine differences in these outcomes by child welfare involvement status. Results Nearly half (43%) of all mothers with Medicaid-financed births had a relationship with the child welfare system. The prevalence of asthma and HIV were significantly elevated among child welfare involved mothers as compared to non-involved mothers. With the exception of anxiety and intellectual disability, all mental and behavioral conditions occurred more frequently among child welfare involved mothers than non-involved mothers. Among mothers with diagnosed mental illness receiving psychotropic medications prior to pregnancy, more than half experienced discontinuity of medications in the postpartum year and discontinuity was significantly increased among child welfare exposed mothers. Conclusions Young mothers with a relationship to child welfare experience increased morbidity and are at high risk for treatment discontinuity in the postpartum period. Bridging reproductive and behavioral health services is critical for this population; in addition, public health systems should support the delivery of trauma-informed services for adolescents to meet needs of young mothers with child welfare involvement.
Attraction, Attack Patterns and Seasonal Activity of the Black Turpentine Beetle

An aggregating pheromone was demonstrated to be produced by virgin females and/or males of the black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier). Attraction produced by females was slightly stronger with evidence that females are primarily the gallery initiating sex and males the responding sex. Duration of attack period on an individual tree, Pinus taeda , lasts ca. 11 wk but with most of the activity occurring in the 1st 5 weeks. Flight and attack activity occurs principally from March through October with at least 3 overlapping generations/year.
Hypothyroidism and Neonatal Seizures

A term infant born to a mother with gestational diabetes and a history of hypothyroidism presented with seizures on the 6th day of life that responded to L-thyroxine, in a report from The Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC.
Some Species of the Genus Trichophaea

Boudier (1885), in working toward a clarification of the taxonomy of the Discomycetes, established many new genera. His later works (1907, 1905-1910) further emphasized his revised classification. His system has not been accepted generally in its entirety because it has been claimed that it represented an artificial arrangement of the species. The genus Trichophaea Boud. comprises a concise taxonomic unit within the heterogeneous "Lachnea" complex, characterized in part by having small, fleshy, flat apothecia, white hymenium and brown hairs arising from excipular cells. Boudier (1907) transferred 18 species to the genus. Grelet (1917) added T. boudieri, and Le Gal (1937) named T. gregaria var. intermedia. Recently (1955) Le Gal made the new combination T. erinacea (Schw.) Le Gal from Peziza erinaceus Schw., a species described from a collection made in the United States. I have not seen collections from Brazil and Madagascar which she identified as T. erinacea, but it would appear from her discussion that she has misinterpreted Schweinitz's species. I believe that the species belongs in the genus Scutellinia. With the permission of Dr. W. C. Denison I refer to Publication 20.015 from the Cornell University Microfilms; Studies in the Genus Scutellinia, in which Dr. Denison treats P. erinaceus as belonging to Scutellinia. In 1942 Le Gal reported briefly on the spore ornamentation in T. paludosa Boud. In 1947 she published her valuable treatise Recherches sur les ornamentations sporales des Discomycetes opercules. Among the species she discussed were T. paludosa and, briefly, T. pseudogregaria (Rick) Boud. She presented a classification which in many respects followed Boudier, but which incorporates important modifications with respect both to taxonomy and phylogeny. Some of these views were included in a presentation before the Stockholm Congress in 1950 (pub. 1953) and again in her treatment (1955) of the Discomycetes of Madagascar. Seaver (1928) placed Trichophaea in syn-
Analysis of Scientific Papers and Management Strategies of District Center for Diseases Control and Prevention

Objective To analyze published papers from one district center for disease control and prevention(CDC) in Beijing,so as to provide evidence and thread for scientific research management and to provide basis for achieving research objectives of performance appraisal.Methods By utilizing SPSS 16.0 along with its constituent ratio and Trend chi-square test function,published papers within 2006-2010 and personnel characteristics were described and analyzed.Results The number of published papers increased year by year,while constituent ratio of Core Journals publication and personnel who published papers is also on the track of increase(χ2MH=7.673 P=0.006 and χ2MH=10.169,P=0.001).Staff with higher degree or title tend to publish better quality papers(χ2=169.687,P=0.000;χ2=72.02,P=0.000).Conclusions Optimizing incentives and human resources will increase the quantity and quality of published papers.the scientific administration as well as research capability and writing skill of staff members should be improved in district CDC,in order to explore the possibility of publication goal.
Adrenal cortical capacity and cortisol utilization in normal and toxemic pregnancies.

SummaryAdrenal cortical capacity and cortisol utilization were studied in 20 patients with normal pregnancy and 19 patients with toxemia of pregnancy. It was found that the level of plasma 17-OHCS in late pregnancy can be further elevated by the action of exogenous ACTH. The reserve capacity of the adrenal cortex in normal pregnancy is similar to that in non-pregnant subjects; in toxemia of pregnancy it is somewhat reduced. Utilization of infused cortisol in both normal and toxemic pregnancies does not appear to be faulty; thus utilization does not seem to be a factor in the elevated levels of plasma 17-OHCS found in pregnancy.
Calcium Imaging of Pheromone Responses in the Insect Antennal Lobe

Calcium imaging is a powerful technique that permits the visual monitoring of neural responses to pheromones and other odors in large ensembles of neurons. Here, we describe a method that permits the monitoring of Drosophila antennal lobe responses to odors using the genetically encoded calcium monitor GCaMP.
Therapy of blastomycosis

Blastomycosis is a rare but important fungal infection that is diagnosed primarily in the south-central and midwestern United States. Although some patients have subclinical infection and are not treated, the majority of patients with a clinical diagnosis of blastomycosis are treated with antifungal agents. Amphotericin B is curative but, because of toxicity, oral agents have been examined as therapy. Ketoconazole was shown to be effective for less than overwhelming blastomycosis, but adverse effects were relatively common. Itraconazole is a triazole agent that is more effective than ketoconazole, because it is often effective when ketoconazole fails or after relapse of infection following a response to ketoconazole. Fluconazole is not as effective therapy for blastomycosis based on the need for much higher doses than with itraconazole. In a patient with lifethreatening or central nervous system blastomycosis, amphotericin B should be given.
Best Practices for Urban Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data Acquisition and Processing

There is an increase in use of hyperspectral remote sensing to map, monitor, and model the urban environment. This is due to the development of hardware and software systems that enable collecting hyperspectral images from aircraft based platforms. While hyperspectral data have many benefits relative to traditional multispectral data, such as fine spectral and spatial resolutions, hyperspectral data acquisition and processing is fraught with challenges that must be considered. This chapter discusses some of the common issues associated with acquiring and using hyperspectral data in urban areas. Specific issues include flight pattern planning, geometric accuracy (GPS/INS problems and square pixels), impact of aircraft flight dynamics, radiometric accuracy and correction, field data collection, data transformation techniques, data storage, and many others. The chapter also describes ways to address these issues. We think that the topics discussed in this chapter are timely because while hyperspectral remote sensing with remotely piloted aerial systems (e.g., fixed wing drones, quadcopters, octocopters) has not yet become popular we are already observing that these systems are being used to collect very high spatial resolution multispectral aerial imagery for many applications, and we think that hyperspectral remote sensing may become even more popular in urban areas with remotely piloted aerial systems. In this chapter, we share our experience of collecting, processing, and using hyperspectral data from aircraft platforms to study urban environments and promote urban sustainability.
Film, Print, and Broadcast Representations of African Americans

Chapter 1 focuses on representations of African Americans in film, print, and broadcast media. It introduces the concepts of media framing, stereotypes, and hegemony as they relate to race and mass media studies. The chapter also introduces antebellum portrayals of African Americans, which are explored in greater depth in subsequent chapters.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion

Tumor promotion involves the induction of a state of sustained proliferation, hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. This promotes the clonal expansion of initiated (DNA-mutated) cells to form tumors. Tumor promoters, which can be tissue specific, include chemical irritants, mechanical wounding, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, infection/inflammation, and endogenous growth factors and cytokines. The key to these factors being tumor promoters is their repeated application/exposure or chronic presence, which does not allow resolution of the induced proliferation and inflammation. Some of the molecules that mediate tumor promotion include protein kinase C (PKC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), several interleukins, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins (PGs). Signaling pathways activated by these molecules include mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers of transcription (Stats) as well as others. These pathways and their regulation of gene expression ultimately result in the induction of proliferation and angiogenesis, recruitment of inflammatory cells, enhanced cell survival (inhibition of apoptosis), reduced immune surveillance, and/or generation of a prooxidant state. All of these processes, when sustained, promote tumor development.
Photonic hypercrystals for controlled enhancement of radiation from quantum emitters

We demonstrate an active quantum-dot-embedded two-dimensional photonic hypercrystal that shows 20× enhancement in spontaneous emission rate due to the hyperbolic dispersion and 100× enhancement in light out-coupling due to the photonic-crystal component.
Silent disease progression in clinically stable heart failure.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a progressive disorder whereby cardiac structure and function continue to deteriorate, often despite the absence of clinically apparent signs and symptoms of a worsening disease state. This silent yet progressive nature of HFrEF can contribute to the increased risk of death—even in patients who are ‘clinically stable’, or who are asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic—because it often goes undetected and/or undertreated. Current therapies are aimed at improving clinical symptoms, and several agents more directly target the underlying causes of disease; however, new therapies are needed that can more fully address factors responsible for underlying progressive cardiac dysfunction. In this review, mechanisms that drive HFrEF, including ongoing cardiomyocyte loss, mitochondrial abnormalities, impaired calcium cycling, elevated LV wall stress, reactive interstitial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, are discussed. Additionally, limitations of current HF therapies are reviewed, with a focus on how these therapies are designed to counteract the deleterious effects of compensatory neurohumoral activation but do not fully prevent disease progression. Finally, new investigational therapies that may improve the underlying molecular, cellular, and structural abnormalities associated with HF progression are reviewed.
The Internet's effect on personality traits: An important casualty of the "Internet addiction" paradigm.

Background and aimsThe “Internet addiction” paradigm has been criticized for several shortcomings, including inattention to specific online behaviors, not distinguishing the Internet from other media, insufficient focus on comorbidities, and definitions that do not take into account the constant access now possible. The paradigm’s biggest casualty, however, may be that it has diverted attention away from subtle personality changes that seem to occur online, including in users who cannot be considered “addicted” under any definition.MethodsA narrative assessment of the literature was conducted, focusing on the Internet’s effects on personality traits as revealed in studies of Internet users.ResultsImpulsivity, narcissism, and aggression are some of the personality traits that seem to be nurtured by the Internet, with possible negative offline consequences.DiscussionIgnoring the Internet’s subtle effects on personality as we embrace an addiction model that implies severe pathology makes the majority of Inte...
Corrigendum: Absolute single photoionization cross-section measurements of ions: experiment and theory (2016 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 49 235002)

Author(s): Macaluso, DA; Bogolub, K; Johnson, A; Aguilar, A; Kilcoyne, ALD; Bilodeau, RC; Bautista, M; Kerlin, AB; Sterling, NC
Bridging the Puerto Rican Story and Christian Doctrine

This chapter serves as a bridge between the Puerto Rican story presented in the previous chapter and the development of a Puerto Rican decolonial theology that will emerge in the next three chapters. It affirms the use of literature as a decolonial theological source, identifying how stories have promoted and cultivated a “prophetic imagination” for Puerto Ricans, especially within an oppressive colonial context. Storytelling and the literary tradition of Puerto Rican culture has been centered on issues of captivity and freedom, of silence and voice. The literary tradition of Puerto Rico, particularly since 1898, has “spoken truth to power” in its subversive and revolutionary critique of colonialism. Because of the literature’s emphasis on freedom, it continues to be a valuable source for a theological perspective that is centered on freedom.
Pursuing Vygotsky's Dialectical Approach to Pedagogy and Development: A Response to Kellogg

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a widely recognized construct articulated by L. S. Vygotsky, whose scholarship inspires the approach to L2 research known as Sociocultural Theory (SCT). In a synthesis of North American L2 ZPD work, Kinginger (2002) outlined how the construct had been appropriated, focusing on three interpretations then permeating the field: skill mastery, scaffolding, and metalinguistic knowledge. Kellogg (2017) has argued that L2 research in general consistently misuses the ZPD construct and distorts its original meaning. Citing The Problem of Age (Vygotsky 1998), Kellogg claims that the ZPD was intended to model ontogenetic development from birth to around age 17. Consequently, for Kellogg, L2 research commits three fundamental errors: (i) recruiting adult learners (often undergraduate university students) rather...
ABCB6, an ABC Transporter Impacting Drug Response and Disease

Recent findings have discovered how insufficiency of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCB6, can negatively impact human health. These advances were made possible by, first, finding that ABCB6 deficiency was the genetic basis for some severe transfusion reactions and by, second, determining that functionally impaired ABCB6 variants enhanced the severity of porphyria, i.e., diseases associated with defects in heme synthesis. ABCB6 is a broad-spectrum porphyrin transporter that is capable of both exporting and importing heme and its precursors across the plasma membrane and outer mitochondrial membrane, respectively. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that while ABCB6 influences the antioxidant system by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species, the exact mechanism is currently unknown, though effects on heme synthesis are likely. Furthermore, it is unknown what biochemical or cellular signals determine where ABCB6 localizes in the cell. This review highlights the major recent findings on ABCB6 and focuses on details of its structure, mechanism, transport, contributions to cellular stress, and current clinical implications.
Trends in use of hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients from 2001 to 2015.

BackgroundEvidence suggests that continuing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) during pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) improves outcomes. We sought to describe time trends in the continuation, initiation, and duration of HCQ in a large population-based cohort of pregnant SLE women.MethodsA cohort of pregnant women with SLE enrolled continuously in public (Medicaid, 2001–2010) or private (Optum Clinformatics, 2003–2015) health insurance between three months prior to conception and one month after delivery was identified. We assessed the proportion of women initiating or continuing HCQ and the duration of therapy during each calendar year in the study.ResultsA total of 5300 women with SLE were included. Of these, 852 (16.1%) were on HCQ treatment in the three-month period prior to their pregnancy. During pregnancy, the overall proportion of women with SLE taking HCQ increased from 12.4% in 2001 to 37.7% in 2015. Initiation of HCQ therapy during pregnancy increased from 2.7% in 2001 to 7.5% i...
Teacher-Based Racial Discrimination: The Role of Racial Pride and Religiosity Among African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents

This study explored the extent to which private regard and religiosity beliefs serve as protective factors for school bonding among African American and Caribbean black adolescents who experience racial discrimination in school. Findings are drawn from a nationally representative sample of (n = 810) African American and (n = 360) Caribbean black adolescents (52% girls) aged 13–17 (Mage = 15, SD = 1.42) years. Results suggest that perceiving racial discrimination from teachers was associated with lower levels of school bonding for African American and Caribbean black adolescents. For African American adolescents, perceiving more racial discrimination from teachers and reporting lower private regard beliefs was associated with less school bonding. The findings for Caribbean black adolescents revealed that endorsing moderate levels of religiosity and perceiving higher rates of teacher discrimination was associated with less school bonding. The developmental significance and implications for future research are discussed.
Radiative Transitions in Pb 207 and Pb 208 Following Resonance Neutron Capture in Pb 206 and Pb 207

Measurements were made of the spectra of gamma rays that are emitted when neutrons of various energies below 100 keV are captured in $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ and $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$. Capture resonances were observed, and gamma-ray de-excitation takes place primarily to the ${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\frac{5}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ levels in $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$, and to the ${0}^{+}$ and ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ levels in $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. A few other weaker transitions are seen in $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ to unidentified levels. It is possible to make plausible spin and parity assignments to the resonant states by combining these results with earlier measurements of total and capture cross sections. The measurements collectively indicate a predominance of negative-parity capturing states in $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ and positive-parity capturing states in $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. The positive-parity resonances in $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ decay predominantly through the ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$state at 2.61 MeV, and the ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$neutron resonance capture decays directly to ground.
Institutions and economic growth: Cases of China and India

This study inquires why China managed to generate more economic growth than India despite the premises of Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory of inclusive and extractive institutions which claim that sustainable economic growth is only possible under inclusive institutions. This study attempts to show that Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory is insufficient to explain the case of China. By using the most-likely case methodology, the period of 1979-2010 is analyzed and economic growth performance of China and India are compared. While the dependent variable of this study is defined as the level of economic growth of a country which is measured by GDP and GDP per capita values, the type of the institutions –whether inclusive or extractive– that a country possesses are used as independent variables. All in all, it is argued in this paper that the theory of inclusive and extractive institutions is insufficient in explaining the better developmental performance of China over India. In order to present a more detailed and comprehensive answer for the case at hand, this study presents four alternative explanations which are more helpful in explaining the role of various dynamics in Chinese economic growth when compared to explanations presented by the theory of inclusive and extractive institutions.
Identifying and Understanding Communities Using Twitter to Connect About Depression: Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Depression is the leading cause of diseases globally and is often characterized by a lack of social connection. With the rise of social media, it is seen that Twitter users are seeking Web-based connections for depression. Objective: This study aimed to identify communities where Twitter users tweeted using the hashtag #MyDepressionLooksLike to connect about depression. Once identified, we wanted to understand which community characteristics correlated to Twitter users turning to a Web-based community to connect about depression. Methods: Tweets were collected using NCapture software from May 25 to June 1, 2016 during the Mental Health Month (n=104) in the northeastern United States and Washington DC. After mapping tweets, we used a Poisson multilevel regression model to predict tweets per community (county) offset by the population and adjusted for percent female, percent population aged 15-44 years, percent white, percent below poverty, and percent single-person households. We then compared predicted versus observed counts and calculated tweeting index values (TIVs) to represent undertweeting and overtweeting. Last, we examined trends in community characteristics by TIV using Pearson correlation. Results: We found significant associations between tweet counts and area-level proportions of females, single-person households, and population aged 15-44 years. TIVs were lower than expected (TIV 1) in eastern, seaboard areas of the study region. There were communities tweeting as expected in the western, inland areas (TIV 2). Counties tweeting more than expected were generally scattered throughout the study region with a small cluster at the base of Maine. When examining community characteristics and overtweeting and undertweeting by county, we observed a clear upward gradient in several types of nonprofits and TIV values. However, we also observed U-shaped relationships for many community factors, suggesting that the same characteristics were correlated with both overtweeting and undertweeting. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Web-based communities, rather than replacing physical connection, may complement or serve as proxies for offline social communities, as seen through the consistent correlations between higher levels of tweeting and abundant nonprofits. Future research could expand the spatiotemporal scope to confirm these findings.
Dispositional Mindfulness in Daily Life: A Naturalistic Observation Study

Mindfulness has seen an extraordinary rise as a scientific construct, yet surprisingly little is known about how it manifests behaviorally in daily life. The present study identifies assumptions regarding how mindfulness relates to behavior and contrasts them against actual behavioral manifestations of trait mindfulness in daily life. Study 1 (N = 427) shows that mindfulness is assumed to relate to emotional positivity, quality social interactions, prosocial orientation and attention to sensory perceptions. In Study 2, 185 participants completed a gold-standard, self-reported mindfulness measure (the FFMQ) and underwent naturalistic observation sampling to assess their daily behaviors. Trait mindfulness was robustly related to a heightened perceptual focus in conversations. However, it was not related to behavioral and speech markers of emotional positivity, quality social interactions, or prosocial orientation. These findings suggest that the subjective and self-reported experience of being mindful in daily life is expressed primarily through sharpened perceptual attention, rather than through other behavioral or social differences. This highlights the need for ecological models of how dispositional mindfulness “works” in daily life, and raises questions about the measurement of mindfulness.
The Eight Hour Sleep Challenge During Final Exams Week

Many students and educators know that sleep is important to learning, yet there exists a gap between their knowledge and behavior. For example, fewer than 10% of students sleep 8 hr before final ex...
Behavior of Microorganisms in Food: Growth, Survival, and Death

Understanding the behavior of microorganisms in food is essential for promoting their growth when needed, inhibiting growth-associated spoilage and toxin production, and eliminating infectious pathogens through processing. Therefore, three behavioral modes are addressed: growth, survival, and death. The first part of the chapter describes growth in relation to its phases, quantification, kinetics, and applications in food. Additionally, selected growth-related phenomena are discussed, including quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Considering that metabolism is dependent intimately on growth, this topic is addressed briefly. The second section focuses on the survival behavior of microorganisms and the relevance of this behavior state to food safety. The discussion includes physiological changes leading to this state and survival-associated phenomena such as stress adaptation, persistence, dormancy, and the viable-but-nonculturable state. Implications of these phenomena for safety and quality of food are presented. The third section addresses various aspects of microbial death in food. The discussion includes unmediated microbial death, in which microorganisms die during food storage without the application of external lethal treatments, and programmed cell death, due to the application of certain stresses. Furthermore, the section covers death kinetics when bacterial populations are exposed to lethal factors, phases of the death curve, and the consequences of pathogens’ persistence during the tailing phase of that curve.
Considerations for UWB Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Feeding

The congested sub-6GHz spectrum has steered the attention towards millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems. To date, mm-wave systems have either sacrificed efficiency, bandwidth, or cost to be realized. In this paper, we present a low-cost wideband feed for UWB Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) operating across Ku-K-Ka bands and 5G bands (viz. 17.5-65 GHz) with emphasis on dual linear polarization. The presented array and feed are packaged in a compact profile (H = 2.7 mm) suitable for mobile and hand-held devices. Low-cost vertical to planar feed connections were investigated for a radiation efficient System in Package (SiP) approach. The presented mm-wave TCDA achieves over 52 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth for VSWR < 3 with scanning down to 60° in both E and H planes in infinite array simulations.
Could SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted via speech droplets?

Speaking may be a primary mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Considering that reports of asymptomatic transmission account for 50-80% of COVID-19 cases and that saliva has peak viral loads at time of patient presentation, droplet emission while speaking could be a significant factor driving transmission and warrants further study. We used a planar beam of laser light passing through a dust-free enclosure to detect saliva droplets emitted while speaking. We found that saying the words ‘Stay Healthy’ generates thousands of droplets that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. A damp homemade cloth face mask dramatically reduced droplet excretion, with none of the spoken words causing a droplet rise above the background. Our preliminary findings have important implications for pandemic mitigation efforts.
Patients with Fontan circulation have abnormal aortic wave propagation patterns: A wave intensity analysis study.

Abstract Background Elevated systemic afterload in patients with Fontan circulation may lead to impaired single ventricular function. Wave intensity analysis (WIA) enables evaluation of compression and expansion waves traveling through vasculature. We aimed to investigate the unfavorable wave propagation causing excessive afterload may be an important contributor to the overall single ventricle function and to the limited functional capacity in this patient population. Methods Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) (n = 25), single left ventricle (SLV) (n = 24), and normal controls (n = 10) underwent phase-contrast MRI based WIA analysis evaluated in the ascending aorta. Forward compression wave (FCW) representing dP/dt, backward compression wave (BCW) reflecting vascular stiffness, and forward decompression wave (FDW) representing LV relaxation were recorded and indexed to each other. Results FCW was lowest in HLHS patients (1098 mm5/s), and higher in the SLV group (1457 mm5/s), and controls (6457 mm5/s) (P Conclusions Patients with HLHS and SLV have unfavorable aortic WIA patterns with increased BCW/FCW ratio indicating increased systemic afterload due to retrograde compression waves. Reduced FCW and systolic MRI indices correlated with peak VO2 suggesting that abnormal systolic wave propagation may play a role in exercise intolerance for Fontan patients.
Quality improvement education in surgical specialty training: A comparison of Vascular Surgery resident and Urology Resident experiences and attitudes.

Abstract Background Academic institutions have increasingly focused on educating physicians and surgeons in concepts of value-based care, including quality improvement (QI). The extent to which QI curricular competencies are addressed in specialty surgical residency training is unclear. Methods A survey instrument was developed by content experts and sent to Vascular Surgery and Urology residents electronically. Descriptive statistics and bivariate associations were calculated using StataMP 13.1. Results Vascular Surgery and Urology residents reported exposure to similar types of QI curriculum. Fewer than half of residents reported achieving targets for graduation (Vascular 31%, Urology 42%) related to QI, and few residents in either group felt very well-prepared to lead a QI initiative (Vascular 13%, Urology 8%). Conclusion QI education in surgical specialty training amongst Vascular Surgery and Urology residencies is similar and insufficient. Surgical specialties may benefit from collaborative efforts to improve the quality of QI education.
Pathways for Sensing and Responding to Hydrogen Peroxide at the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a source of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a hub for peroxide-based signaling events. Here we outline cellular sources of ER-localized peroxide, including sources within and near the ER. Focusing on three ER-localized proteins—the molecular chaperone BiP, the transmembrane stress-sensor IRE1, and the calcium pump SERCA2—we discuss how post-translational modification of protein cysteines by H2O2 can alter ER activities. We review how changed activities for these three proteins upon oxidation can modulate signaling events, and also how cysteine oxidation can serve to limit the cellular damage that is most often associated with elevated peroxide levels.
Hair cortisol concentrations among urban and rural-dwelling mother-child dyads, La Romana, Dominican Republic.

Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were studied in mother–child dyads of La Romana, Dominican Republic (DR), a low-income city, and of the surrounding bateyes, sugarcane plantation villages with in...
Analyzing the accessibility of Illinois public library homepages: Are we accessible to all?

This paper reports the results of the examination of the homepages of Illinois public library websites for language, design, layout, and efficacy based on the recommendations of the Americans with ...
Beyond Peace Doves: Respecting Human Rights and Combating Corruption in Mega-Sporting Events

Fostering peace is a core goal of the Olympics and other mega-sporting events. Unfortunately, these sporting events are continually connected to (and often catalyze) human rights violations and corrupt actions that push society toward instability and away from peace. This Article reviews those problems and explores how the humanitarian goals of mega-sporting events can have a positive impact on peace, human rights, and anti-corruption efforts. In response to recent scandals, sports governing bodies have recently made significant structural reforms, at least in their governing policies, but more should be done to push these organizations towards being the peace-builders for society they aspire to become. This Article sets out the necessary next steps at this crucial time. Because it is early in the trajectory of incorporating respect for human rights and anti-corruption initiatives into the governance of mega-sporting events, it is important to fully consider our expectations for what these organizations should be doing and incorporate those expectations into their newly recognized responsibilities.
Hybrid diffusion imaging reveals altered white matter tract integrity and associations with symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in chronic traumatic brain injury

The detection and association of in vivo biomarkers in white matter (WM) pathology after acute and chronic mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are needed to improve care and develop therapies. In this study, we used the diffusion MRI method of hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI)to detect white matter alterations in patients with chronic TBI (cTBI). 40 patients with cTBI presenting symptoms at least three months post injury, and 17 healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance HYDI. cTBI patients were assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests. A voxel-wise statistical analysis within the white matter skeleton was performed to study between group differences in the diffusion models. In addition, a partial correlation analysis controlling for age, sex, and time after injury was performed within the cTBI cohort, to test for associations between diffusion metrics and clinical outcomes. The advanced diffusion modeling technique of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) showed large clusters of between-group differences resulting in lower values in the cTBI across the brain, where the single compartment diffusion tensor model failed to show any significant results. However, the diffusion tensor model appeared to be just as sensitive in detecting self-reported symptoms in the cTBI population using a within-group correlation. To the best of our knowledge this study provides the first application of HYDI in evaluation of cTBI using combined DTI and NODDI, significantly enhancing our understanding of the effects of concussion on white matter microstructure and emphasizing the utility of full characterization of complex diffusion to diagnose, monitor, and treat brain injury.
Volunteer labor sorting across industries

Volunteer labor is generally analyzed as a homogeneous activity, implying that the marginal effects of tax changes and demographic shifts are equal across industries and forms of volunteering. Here the homogeneity assumption is tested by estimating and comparing volunteer labor supply functions in three sectors that rely on volunteer labor—health, education, and religious organizations. Differences in the marginal volunteer labor supply effects are associated with personal demographics, household composition, and tax status. These differences are significant statistically as well as for their policy implications. The effects on volunteering to each sector are predicted for changes in the age, education, and marital status distributions of the population, as well as for changes in income tax rates, itemization status, and income. © 2002 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Abstract 943: Insulin-like growth factor-2 a potential target for screening and treatment in patients with triple negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) affects only about 10-15% of women with breast cancer (BC) but accounts for almost 50% of all BC deaths. At this time, development of targeted treatments for TNBC are urgently needed. Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) is highly expressed in TNBCs and mediates its proliferative effects via two hormone receptors, insulin-like growth factor -1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR). Using a TNBC tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of 159 archival clinical samples, we confirm that IGF2 is highly expressed in tumor tissue as compared to nearby normal tissue (P Citation Format: Nalo M. Hamilton, Diana Marquez-Garban, David Austin, Neda Moatamed, Lorena P. Burton, David Elashoff, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Tristan Grogan, Madhuri Wadehra, Helena Chang, Adrienne Martinez, Mary-Lynn Brecht, Isabel Jabara, Richard Pietras, Yahya Elshimali, Jaydutt Vadgama, Michael Jung. Insulin-like growth factor-2 a potential target for screening and treatment in patients with triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 943.
Analysis of Guided Waves in a Bilayered Plate

Inspection of coated material is vital in order to ensure the integrity of the protective barrier. In some cases, the inspection process is complicated by the fact that the surface of the protective coating may not be accessible, thus the inspection must proceed with only access to the surface of the opposite side (this will be referred to as the inner surface). One method which can be applied in such a situation is the excitation of guided waves or Lamb waves in the coated material. Lamb waves excited from the inner surface will sense the variation in the coating conditions as well as flaws in the steel plate. Therefore for a correct and unambiguous interpretation of Lamb wave data for corrosion-related flaws, the effects of the coating and how they differ from the effects of corrosion-related flaws must be understood. To this end this paper will concentrate on the effects of the coating and its influence on dispersive characteristics of a soft layer bonded to a steel plate. By calculating the dispersion relations for a bare and coated steel plate and comparing the calculated results, unique new modes are seen to emerge in the coated plate. In addition, the coated plate is also modeled as a thin layer on a halfspace allowing a comparison between the problem of a coated halfspace and a coated plate. The comparison demonstrates that only limited information can be obtained by treating the problem as a layered halfspace. More detailed information can be obtained by treating the problem as a coated plate of finite thickness.
Sur la compactification de Thurston de l'espace de Teichmüller

The aim of these lecture notes is, after having quickly described various compactifications of the Teichmuller space of a compact connected oriented surface minus finitely many points, to give a construction, by the equivariant Gromov topology introduced by the author, of Thurston's compactification of this Teichmuller space.