cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brand meaning in higher education: Leaving the shallows via deep metaphors

This research explores brand meaning for a focal higher education institution (HEI) using metaphor analysis for deep insight. Two contributions come-to-light. First, the research addresses the call by Hemsley-Brown and Goonawardana (2007) to advance theory development in the area of branding in higher education. Findings for a focal HEI are consistent with findings for private sector firms; brand meanings differed somewhat across stakeholder groups. However, differences were harmonious and did not have a negative effect on the HEI brand overall. Second, the study applies metaphor analysis (Zaltman & Zaltman 2008) for the first time to the domain of higher-education branding. Four deep metaphors, varying in predominance across stakeholders, emerge to reflect brand meaning for a focal HEI. The most pervasive deep metaphor for students and administrators is transformation while journey is most pervasive for faculty. The findings confirm that brand meanings are consistent with the mission of the focal HEI and current brand positioning strategies are in alignment around discovered deep metaphors. HEI brand owners may consider a reflexive process of deep metaphor discovery and extraction in future brand building efforts. The study concludes with acknowledgement of limitations and suggestions for future research.
COMBINATORIAL DISAMBIGUATION

The disambiguation of sentences is a combinatorial problem. This paper describes a method for treating it as such, directly, by adapting standard combinatorial search optimizations. Traditional disambiguation heuristics are applied but, instead of being embedded in individual decision procedures for specific types of ambiguities, they contribute to numerical weights that are considered by a single global optimizer. The result is increased power and simpler code. The method is being implemented for a machine translation project, but could be adapted to any natural language system.
E3R: Energy Efficient Error Recovery for Multi/Triple-Level Cell Non-volatile Memories

Partial data mapping (PDM) is an effective means to reduce the energy/latency of multi-level/triple-level cell non-volatile memories (MLC/TLC NVMs) by excluding high energy/latency MLC/TLC states. This paper proposes energy efficient error recovery (E3R) to simultaneously extend the lifetime and lower the energy/latency of PDM MLC/TLC NVMs. E3R partitions NVM rows into segments that remain in the PDM mode until a cell failure within a segment. E3R restores the failed segment to the full data mapping (FDM) mode, i.e., Conventional binary mapping, while other segments continue to operate in PDM mode. By incrementally restoring a row from PDM to FDM mode, E3R not only reduces memory energy/latency, but also enhances its lifetime by localizing faults to segments, thereby extending the row error correction capability of error-correcting pointers (ECPs). Simulation results on a TLC RRAM architecture show that E3R improves memory lifetime by 76% in comparison to unprotected memory, while also reducing memory energy by 16% over conventional binary mapping. Furthermore, we propose augmented E3R, which employs residual memory columns from the post manufacturing test to supplement E3R in error recovery. For no additional overhead, augmented E3R further improves memory lifetime by 6.2% over basic E3R.
Fabrication of Anisotropic Metal Nanostructures Using Innovations in Template-Assisted Lithography

Advances in the burgeoning field of plasmonics are increasingly dependent on the ability to fabricate metal nanostructures with precisely defined shapes and orientations, on a scale suitable for technological developments. Recent innovations in top-down lithography have created new windows of opportunity to produce anisotropic metal nanostructures en masse, with near-term applications in photonics, biosensing, and other nanotechnology-enabled pursuits. We focus specifically on C-shaped nanostructures (nanocrescents and split-ring resonators), which can be fabricated by using novel variants of shadow-mask lithography, substrate etching, or microcontact printing.
Zebras and hen's teeth: recognition and management of rare T and NK lymphomas

Although all the peripheral T-cell lymphomas are uncommon, there are some entities that are truly rare. Subtypes, such as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, have an approximate annual incidence in United States of <500 each. In these very rare subtypes, there is limited data to guide clinical decision-making. As such, our treatment decisions are often based on extrapolation, case series, personal experience, and biases. We summarize the existing data regarding initial management of these entities and compare how that management follows paradigms established for the more common T-cell lymphomas.
Advanced approach to assess and improve underground mine evacuation using discrete-event simulation and animation

An advanced approach is presented to use discrete-event system simulation for a better evaluation of various configurations for emergency evacuation operations in underground mines. The mine system evacuation simulation (MSES) models are introduced and demonstrated as a powerful and cost-effective tool for improving emergency response protocols/procedures and planning rescue equipment in underground mine operations. These simulation and animation models can assist mining personnel, rescue teams, and engineers in designing, training, and investigating a wide range of 'what if?' questions in both rescue and evacuation attempts in case of disasters or mine emergencies. A simulation model of an underground metal mine with an animation interface was developed using GPSS/H® and Proof Professional®, discrete-event system simulation and animation programs, to analyse the mine's emergency evacuation plans. The simulation results provided realistic estimates of mine evacuation times for different scenarios under certain circumstances.
Importance of surgical margins in rectal cancer.

Distal resection margin (DRM) and circumferential resection margin (CRM) are two important considerations in rectal cancer management. Although guidelines recommend a 2 cm DRM, studies have shown that a shorter DRM is adequate, especially in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Standardization of total mesorectal excision has greatly improved quality of CRM. Although more patients are undergoing sphincter-saving procedures, abdominoperineal resection is indicated for very distal tumors, and pelvic exenteration is often necessary for tumors involving pelvic organs. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:323–332. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Firming renewable power with demand response: an end-to-end aggregator business model

Environmental concerns have spurred greater reliance on variable renewable energy resources (VERs) in electric generation. Under current incentive schemes, the uncertainty and intermittency of these resources impose costs on the grid, which are typically socialized across the whole system, rather than born by their creators. We consider an institutional framework in which VERs face market imbalance prices, giving them an incentive to produce higher-value energy subject to less adverse uncertainty. In this setting, we consider an “aggregator” that owns the production rights to a VER’s output, and also signs contracts with a population of demand response (DR) participants for the right to curtail them in real time, according to a contractually specified probability distribution. The aggregator bids a day ahead offer into the wholesale market, and is able to offset imbalances between the cleared day-ahead bid and the realized VER production by curtailing DR participants’ consumption according to the signed contracts. We consider the optimization of the aggregator’s end-to-end problem: designing the menu of DR service contracts using contract theory, bidding into the wholesale market, and dispatching DR consistently with the contractual agreements. We do this in a setting in which wholesale market prices, VER output, and participant demand are all stochastic, and possibly correlated.
Diagnosis and management of the HCV/HIV-coinfected patient.

Since its introduction in 1996, potent combination antiretroviral therapy has significantly altered the course and spectrum of disease in HIV-infected
Injection-induced quadriceps contractures In children - the advantage of a proximal release

The clinical presentation and management of seventeen children with progressive quadriceps contractures is presented. All of the children suffered a severe illness within the first few weeks of life and received intramuscular thigh injections. Two distinct operative procedures were used in the treatment of these injection induced contractures. One group was treated by a distally placed quadricepsplasty, and the second by a proximal release. The advantages of a proximal release are discussed.
Commentary: Transforming Science Education in Cultural-Historical Context and the Role of Teacher Professional Development

In this reflection, I discuss how each of the chapters in this section challenges the reader to grapple more deeply with the historical context in which teaching and professional development take place, and use the emerging narrative to challenge some of the fundamental assumptions we hold about what teachers might learn and do in order to be “good teachers.” I discuss three themes in particular: a) Cultural context and local wisdom is a central aspect of teaching and learning to teach; b) Supporting teachers as intellectuals transform teaching and learning in profound and meaningful ways for students; and c) Views of good teaching and learning involve breaking down critical binaries with and in place.
CALDERWOOD, Jame s L. Shakespeare and the Denial of Death.: Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press, 1987. 233 pp. $30.00

(1990). CALDERWOOD, Jame s L. Shakespeare and the Denial of Death.. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 27-36.
Introducing Euro-Glo, a rare earth metal chelate with numerous applications for the fluorescent localization of myelin and amyloid plaques in brain tissue sections

Abstract The vast majority of fluorochromes are organic in nature and none of the few existing chelates have been applied as histological tracers for localizing brain anatomy and pathology. New method In this study we have developed and characterized a Europium chelate with the ability to fluorescently label normal and pathological myelin in control and toxicant-exposed rats, as well as the amyloid plaques in aged AD/Tg mice. Results This study demonstrates how Euro-Glo can be used for the detailed labeling of both normal myelination in the control rat as well as myelin pathology in the kainic acid exposed rat. In addition, this study demonstrates how E-G will label the shell of amyloid plaques in an AD/Tg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease a red color, while the plaque core appears blue in color. The observed E-G staining pattern is compared with that of well characterized tracers specific for the localization of myelin (Black-Gold II), degenerating neurons (Fluoro-Jade C), A-beta aggregates (Amylo-Glo) and glycolipids (PAS). Comparisons with existing methods This study represents the first time a rare earth metal (REM) chelate has been used as a histochemical tracer in the brain. This novel tracer, Euro-Glo (E-G), exhibits numerous advantages over conventional organic fluorophores including high intensity emission, high resistance to fading, compatibility with multiple labeling protocols, high Stoke’s shift value and an absence of bleed-through of the signal through other filters. Conclusions Euro-Glo represents the first fluorescent metal chelate to be used as a histochemical tracer, specifically to localize normal and pathological myelin as well as amyloid plaques.
Going beyond multitexts: The archetype of the orphic gold leaves

In his magisterial work Persephone, Zuntz drew a basic distinction between two sets of Orphic gold leaves—those known from the elaborate tumuli at Thurii, which he called Group A, and a more widely scattered series, Group B, then represented by two longer texts from Petelia in southern Italy and Pharsalus in Thessaly, and, in a shortened form, by a series of six (now seven) short texts from the environs of Eleutherna in Crete (his Group C). Three further finds have reinforced Zuntz's distinctions: first, a tablet from Hipponium, the colony of Epizephyrian Locri in southern Italy, published by Foti and Pugliese Carratelli, then a lamella said to be from Thessaly but now in Malibu and published by Breslin, and finally a tablet said to be from Entella in Sicily and recently in Geneva, which was published in a bad transcription by Frel and much clarified by Riedweg. The first and third belong to Zuntz's Group B, while the second is close to his Group C. Pugliese Carratelli has published an exceptionally fine set of photographs of all the texts except those from Petelia and Entella. My restudy of the leaf from Petelia has led to some improved readings. Not even a drawing exists of the Entellan leaf, which no scholar except its first editor has ever seen. This fact prompted a reviewer of this article to wonder about its authenticity. In the absence of the object itself, such doubts can only be allayed if its text consistently contributes to improving our understanding of the archetype from which it is derived. One of the aims of this article is to show that it does indeed do so.
A review of computational and mathematical modeling contributions to our understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within-host infection and treatment

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient and deadly disease characterized by complex host-pathogen dynamics playing out over multiple time and length scales and physiological compartments. Mathematical and computational modeling can be used to integrate various types of experimental data and suggest new hypotheses, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches to TB. Here, we offer a first-time comprehensive review of work on within-host TB models that describe the immune response to infection, including the formation of lung granulomas. The models include systems of ordinary and partial differential equations and agent-based models as well as hybrid and multi-scale models that are combinations of these. Many aspects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, including host dynamics in the lung (typical site of infection for TB), granuloma formation, roles of cytokine and chemokine dynamics, and bacterial nutrient availability have been explored. Finally, we survey applications of these within-host models to TB therapy and prevention and suggest future directions to impact this global disease.
Understanding the Link Between Race/Ethnicity, Drug Offending, and Juvenile Court Outcomes

Compared with criminal sentencing decisions, limited research has assessed the impact of an imagery of a “dangerous” offender on the interrelationships between race/ethnicity and juvenile court outcomes. Applying base premises from Steen, Engen, and Gainey’s perspective concerning the dangerous drug offender stereotype, the present study examines the case outcomes of White, Black, and Hispanic youth charged with drug offenses and who match the stereotype of a “dangerous drug offender” (male drug seller with a prior record). Findings suggest that youth who fully matched the stereotype were more likely to receive harsher dispositions compared with those who have some or none of the characteristics, but the magnitude of these effects for Whites did not exceed those of Blacks and Hispanics.
Taking religion to heart: the relationship between the Five Factor Model and the New Indices of Religious Orientation among religious students

The relationship between religious orientation and personality has been investigated using several different measures and diverse samples. As part of a larger study, 114 undergraduate students were...
Changing childhoods: Using queer theory and intersectional methods to reconsider the epistemic resources of children with gay and lesbian parents:

This article explores contemporary childhoods through a lens of epistemic privileges and injustices in order to consider the experiences of children whose family models may not reflect the heterose...
Cardiovascular Risks of Impaired Fertility and Assisted Reproductive Therapy

Pregnancy history is important in assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk in women. Due to the tremendous changes that occur during pregnancy with regard to hemodynamic and metabolic alterations, pregnancy is often referred to as a stress test, potentially unmasking conditions that can increase CV risk in women, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and gestational hypertension. Adverse pregnancy outcomes also include neonatal outcomes that increase maternal CV risk, such as intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. These associations indicate that the milieu under which children are carried to term influences not only the child but serves as a risk marker for future maternal health. Similarly, emerging evidence suggests that infertility conditions and therapies to improve fertility may increase maternal long-term CV risk. Study and discussion of such topics is important, as CV disease remains the leading cause of death in women.
Induced and synchronized estrus in cattle: dose titration of estradiol benzoate in peripubertal heifers and postpartum cows after treatment with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert and prostaglandin F2alpha.

Peripubertal beef heifers (n = 57) and postpartum multiparous cows (n = 52) were used to determine the optimal dose of estradiol benzoate (EB) to induce and synchronize estrus after treatment with intravaginal progesterone inserts (IVP4, EAZI-BREED CIDR). All females received an IVP4 for 7 d (d 0 = insertion day) with a 25-mg injection of PGF2alpha (Lutalyse) on d 6. At 24 to 30 h after IVP4 removal, females were randomly assigned to be injected subcutaneously with EB at the following doses: heifers 0, .2, .38, or .75 mg and cows 0, .25, .5, or 1 mg. Furthermore, seven heifers and seven cows from each dose group were bled every 4 h for 76 h starting at EB injection. Serum was collected and assayed for LH and estradiol-17beta (E2). Observations for signs of estrus were made twice daily for 21 d after removal of IVP4, and females were artificially inseminated 8 to 20 h after detection of estrus. The percentage of females showing estrous behavior was increased by EB (P < .04); the greatest response was at .38 mg in heifers (86%) and 1 mg in cows (100%). Dose x time interaction affected (P < .01) E2 concentrations in heifers and cows; the animals that received the higher doses of EB had greater E2 concentrations in a shorter time than those that received the smaller doses. The percentage of cows and heifers with an acute preovulatory LH release (peak LH) was affected by dose, with a linear (P < .01) and a quadratic (P < .01) response. Highest concentrations of LH during peak LH were affected by dose with a linear (P < .01) response in heifers and linear (P < .01) and quadratic (P < .08) responses in cows. Heifers receiving .38 mg and cows receiving .5 and 1 mg of EB had the highest peak LH. Time to LH peak had a linear (P < .03) response in heifers and had linear (P < .04) and quadratic (P < .05) responses in cows. Pregnancy rate was affected (P < .02) in heifers by whether or not they were anestrous before IVP4 treatment (those with estrous cycles = 52% vs those that were anestrous = 22%) and in cows by dose of EB (P < .01; 8, 23, 21, and 67% for 0, .25, .5, and 1 mg, respectively). In conclusion, in females treated with IVP4 and PGF2alpha to induce and synchronize estrus, an injection of EB increased concentrations of E2 and LH and increased number of animals showing estrus. Also, EB increased pregnancy rates in cows. Optimal responses were at .38 mg EB for heifers and at 1 mg EB for cows.
Rethinking Sympathy and Human Contact in Nineteenth-Century American Literature : Hawthorne, Douglass, Stowe, Dickinson

In accessible and impassioned discussions of literature and philosophy, this book reveals a surprising approach to the intractable problem of human contact. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Emily Dickinson rethought the nature of human contact, turning away from transcendentalist approaches and towards sympathetic ones. Their second and third works portray social masks as insufficient, not deceptive, and thus human contact requires not violent striking through the mask but benevolent skepticism towards persons. They imagine that people feel real in a real world with real others when they care for others for the other's sake and when they make caring relationships the cornerstone of their own being. Grounded in philosophies of sympathy - including Adam Smith and J. G. Herder - and relational psychology - Winnicott and Benjamin - Rethinking Sympathy and Human Contact in Nineteenth-Century American Literature shows that antebellum literature rejects individualist definitions of the human and locates the antidote to human disconnection in sympathy.
Studies Relating to the Structure of Bruceoside C: Total Synthesis of the Alleged Aglycon of Bruceoside C

The structures assigned to bruceoside C (1) and the derived aglycon (2) have been shown to be incorrect. The structural misassignments were made clear by an unambiguous total synthesis of racemic 2 whose structure rests on spectral data and a single-crystal X-ray analysis of intermediate 22.
Retroviral Insertional Mutagenesis in Humans: Evidence for Four Genetic Mechanisms Promoting Expansion of Cell Clones.

Integration of new DNA into a cellular chromosome can alter the activity of nearby genes, sometimes affecting subsequent cell growth. A potent form of insertional mutagenesis involves integration of retroviral DNA produced by reverse transcription, a required step in the replication of retroviruses. In recent years retroviral replication has been adapted to allow new gene addition by retroviral vectors. Early in the history of retrovirus research, analysis of insertional mutagenesis in laboratory animals was found at times to result in transformation, leading to the discovery of cellular proto-oncogenes. In-depth analysis of the genetic consequences showed that integration of retroviral DNA could alter the gene activity in a variety of ways. Mechanisms of retroviral insertional mutagenesis in humans are much less well documented. However, recent work from the gene therapy and HIV fields now specify four genetic mechanisms of retroviral insertional mutagenesis in humans: (1) gene activation by integration of an enhancer sequence encoded in a retroviral vector (enhancer insertion), (2) gene activation by promoter insertion, (3) gene inactivation by insertional disruption, and (4) gene activation by mRNA 3′ end substitution. In each example, integration in patients was associated with clonal expansion or frank transformation.
BRMS1: a multifunctional signaling molecule in metastasis

Despite high mortality rates, molecular understanding of metastasis remains limited. It can be regulated by both pro- and anti-metastasis genes. The metastasis suppressor, breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1), has been positively correlated with patient outcomes, but molecular functions are still being characterized. BRMS1 has been implicated in focal adhesion kinase (FAK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and NF-κB signaling pathways. We review evidence that BRMS1 regulates these vast signaling pathways through chromatin remodeling as a member of mSin3 histone deacetylase complexes.
High intensity muon beam source for neutrino beam experiments

Abstract High intensity muon beams are essential for Muon accelerators like Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders. In this study we report on a global optimization of the muon beam production and capture based on end-to-end simulations of the Muon Front End. The study includes the pion beam production target geometry, capture field profile, and forming muon beam into microbunches for further acceleration. The interplay between the transverse and longitudinal beam dynamics during the capture and transport of muon beam is evaluated and discussed. The goal of the optimization is to provide a set of design parameters that delivers high intensity muon beam that could be fit within the acceptance of a muon beam accelerator.
On the control of a class of non-strongly stabilizable SISO plants

Abstract In this paper, under the limited class of strictly proper, unstable non-strongly stabilizable plants with one real finite positive zero, we have proposed some general designs of a stable compensator which will modify the output of the original plant into one that satisfies the parity interlacing property. Once the parity interlacing properties have been achieved, standard stabilizations can be implemented. We include simulation examples in which an outer PID loop was added to control the stabilized plant to satisfy the tracking of setpoints.
Transesophageal probe placement increases endotracheal tube cuff pressure but is not associated with postoperative extubation failure after congenital cardiac surgery.

Context: The concomitant use of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probes increases ETT cuff pressures (CP), which may contribute to mucosal ischemia and perioperative complications such as failed extubation. Aims: To assess changes in ETT CP after TEE insertion in patients of different age groups undergoing congenital heart surgery and examine the relationship between ETT CP and postoperative extubation failure. Settings and Design: Single-center quality improvement project. Subjects and Methods: ETT CP was measured with a manometer following intubation and again after TEE insertion. Tracheal perfusion pressure was then calculated and postoperative extubation failures were recorded. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square testing, Fisher's-exact testing, one-way analysis of variance testing or Kruskal–Wallis testing with Dunn's pairwise, and student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum testing were used to analyze the data. Results: Median ETT CP increased significantly after TEE insertion in each age group, with infants showing a smaller magnitude of increase (+2 [1-6] cm H2O, P
Sex-specific transgenerational plasticity I: Maternal and paternal effects on sons and daughters

Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) or parental effects - when parental environments alter the phenotype of future generations - can influence how organisms cope with environmental change. An intriguing, underexplored possibility is that sex - of both the parent and the offspring - plays an important role in driving the evolution of transgenerational plasticity in both adaptive and nonadaptive ways. Here, we evaluate the potential for sex-specific parental effects in a freshwater population of threespined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by independently and jointly manipulating maternal and paternal experiences and separately evaluating their phenotypic effects in sons versus daughters. We tested the adaptive hypothesis that daughters are more responsive to cues from their mother, while sons are more responsive to cues from their father. We exposed mothers, fathers, or both parents to visual cues of predation risk and measured offspring antipredator traits and brain gene expression. Predator-exposed fathers produced sons that were more risk-prone, while predator-exposed mothers produced more anxious sons and daughters. Further, maternal and paternal effects on offspring survival were nonadditive: offspring with a predator-exposed father, but not two predator-exposed parents, had lower survival against live predators. There were also strong sex-specific effects on brain gene expression: exposing mothers versus fathers to predation risk activated different transcriptional profiles in their offspring, and sons and daughters strongly differed in the ways in which their brain gene expression profiles were influenced by parental experience. We found little evidence to support the hypothesis that offspring prioritize their same-sex parent9s experience. Parental effects varied with both the sex of the parent and the offspring in complicated and nonadditive ways. Failing to account for these sex-specific patterns (e.g., by pooling sons and daughters) would have underestimated the magnitude of parental effects. Altogether, these results draw attention to the potential for sex to influence patterns of TGP and raise new questions about the interface between transgenerational plasticity and sex-specific selective pressures, sexual conflict, and sexual selection.
CoaTran: Coalescent tree simulation along a transmission network

Abstract Motivation The ability to simulate coalescent viral phylogenies constrained by a given transmission network can enable the benchmarking of computational tools used in molecular epidemiology as well as the ability to gain insights into unobservable aspects of the virology of a novel pathogen. However, such simulation experiments require generating a large number of technical simulation replicates, and existing tools for coalescent simulations along a transmission network are too slow to conduct such experiments at the scale of the global population. Results CoaTran is a massively scalable tool that simulates a coalescent viral phylogeny constrained by a user-provided transmission network. CoaTran is written in highly-optimized C++ code and can generate global population scale phylogenetic coalescent simulations in seconds to minutes. Availability CoaTran is freely available at https://github.com/niemasd/CoaTran as an open-source software project. Contact niema@ucsd.edu Supplementary information Supplementary data are available online.
Sea lion hunting strategies among late Holocene hunter-gatherer-fishers on Santa Catalina Island, California, USA

Abstract There is ongoing debate in northeastern Pacific coast archaeology over the degree to which humans impacted pinniped ecologies, and how ancient oceangoing canoes and pinniped hunting influenced social complexity. This study presents the analysis of vertebrate fauna from the West End site (CA-SCAI-106) on Santa Catalina Island, California that is characterized by an abundance of eared seals (e.g., California sea lion, Zalophus californianus) and explores butchering and transport decisions made by hunters in the late Holocene (~1315-570 cal BP). Age and sex data demonstrate that indigenous people exploited rookeries with access to adult males and females, as well as juvenile pups. Subadults were the most sought after demographic category, likely due to their density at haul-outs, their size that facilitates easier transportation, and the sustainable offtake strategy that does not drastically impact future generations. Canoes likely aided in the transportation of select animal parts, but did not facilitate offshore hunting. These findings are integrated into regional history and paleoenvironment reconstructions and provide a case study for understanding the role of marine mammals in indigenous Californian lifeways with broader implications for the dynamic character of human-environment interactions, particularly with respect to the role of human predation.
Class Action Defendants' New Lochnerism

In the much-watched Dukes v. Walmart, Walmart has advanced a deceptively compelling claim: Due process, Walmart says, guarantees it the right to mount a “full defense” based on “any relevant rebuttal evidence [Walmart] choose[s], including evidence that there was no discrimination against one or more members of the class.” Because Walmart cannot possibly present rebuttal evidence against each of the 1.5 million gender discrimination claims that form the Dukes class, the class action, Walmart concludes, is unconstitutional. The argument is not original to Walmart - it is a staple of the class action defense bar. What should originalists make of it? This article is the first to examine the historical record with that question in mind. And for class action defendants, the verdict is a bad one: Throughout the nineteenth century, it was thought that judicial discretion to limit, even cut off, defendants’ opportunities to present evidence was thoroughly consistent with due process. The origins of class action defendants’ conception of a fair hearing lie, instead, in the early twentieth century - during the Lochner era. There, the Court, in a line of cases forgotten or ignored by scholars, held that a party can’t be deprived of its property interests through a liability judgment without heightened procedural protections, including an opportunity to present all evidence supporting defenses to liability. This is the Lochner Court’s distinctive contribution to procedural due process. This article retraces the origins of that innovation - underscoring that class action defendants’ arguments are not originalist. They are Lochnerian.
Medullary Thyroid Cancer

MTC is a rare thyroid malignancy that is associated with a worse prognosis than follicular-derived thyroid cancers. It can occur sporadically or as part of hereditary syndromes such as MEN2 with various clinical phenotypes dependent on the tumor genotype. The mainstays for treatment are early diagnosis and surgical removal of all disease. In the case of sporadic MTC, this is done with a total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection with a lateral dissection reserved for sonographic or biochemical evidence of disease. In patients with a hereditary form of MTC, the goal is for prophylactic surgery to improve future oncologic outcomes with the timing of surgery based on genotype and calcitonin level. For patients with advanced or metastatic disease, further work is being done to identify systemic therapies, such as novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors, that improve outcomes in those who cannot be cured with surgery alone.
Development of Strategy for SWAT Hydrologic Modeling in Data-Scarce Regions of Peru

AbstractIn this study, methods were developed to create and evaluate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in southern Peru where commonly used input data sources were not av...
Norfolk Southern Corporation—Century Bonds

Norfolk Southern Corporation (NSC), a railway operator, was issuing a $250 million bond with a coupon of 6% and a maturity in 2105. The bonds were added to an existing $300 million 6% debt issue due 2105, which the company first sold in 2005. A bond analyst at Tidal Insurance (Tidal), has heard that the original issue of this century bond was to be $100 million, and it seemed that strong investor demand pushed NSC, to increase the total amount to $250 million. He has to decide whether Tidal should include the NSC bond in its bond portfolio. Excerpt UVA-F-1733 Rev. Aug. 13, 2015 Norfolk Southern Corporation—Century Bonds On Tuesday, August 24, 2010, Fred Vera was drinking a cup of coffee when he picked up the Financial Times and saw the news. Norfolk Southern Corporation (NSC), a railway operator headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, was issuing a $ 250 million bond with coupon of 6% and a maturity in 2105. The bonds were added to an existing $ 300 million 6% debt issue due 2105 that the company first sold in 2005. He immediately saw a potential investment opportunity and started thinking of the advantages of this century bond for his firm. Vera, a bond analyst at Tidal Insurance (Tidal), had heard that the original issue of this century bond was to be $ 100million, and it seemed that strong investor demand pushed NSC, to increase the total amount to $ 250 million. He had to decide whether Tidal, a regional life insurance company, should include the NSC bond in its bond portfolio. Norfolk Southern Corporation One of the leaders in the transportation industry, NSC controlled a major freight railroad, Norfolk Southern Railway, which operated approximately 21,000 route miles in 22 states and the District of Columbia. It ran the most extensive intermodal network (freight transportation by a combination of train and truck) in the eastern half of the United States. It transported coal and industrial products through its Triple Crown Services unit. Exhibit 1 shows Norfolk Southern Railway's system network. Other businesses in which NSC participated included commercial real estate development, sales and leasing of rail property and equipment, and leasing and management of coal, oil, gas, and other minerals. . . .
Asset Pricing, Asset Allocation and Risk-Adjusted Performance with Multiple Goals and Agency: The Goals and Risk-based Asset Pricing Model

Investment managers require a consistent asset pricing model, asset allocation recommendations and risk-adjusted performance measures (or the “three facets of investing”) to be effective in managing portfolios. Incorporating three critical realities of investing into these models (i.e., that investors have many stochastic goals, seek to delegate to skillful agents, and maximize risk-adjusted returns as opposed to expected utility) provides recommendations on the three facets that are markedly different from the foundational papers of Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). This is important as Goals-based Investing (GBI) and delegation are now the norm, and investors globally are not meeting their goals by adopting traditional MPT. The paper briefly surveys the literature on MPT, GBI, and agency before providing a normative Goals- and Risk-Based Asset Pricing Model (GRAPM) that includes these three realities of investing and articulates the three new facets. GRAPM exploits a simple idea that a relatively risk-free asset for one stochastic goal is a risky asset for another, and vice versa. These two assets, plus the traditional absolute risk-free rate of MPT, allow us to triangulate to establish returns for all other assets based on the return of any goal-replicating asset and multiple correlations (as opposed to a single relationship with the unobservable “market” portfolio). This approach creates a “pair-wise equilibrium” for all assets – very different from MPT - and also lends itself easily to a new asset pricing model with heterogeneous investors (i.e., each investor has a unique goal). GRAPM incorporates a “risk-aversion” parameter that is also easily observable, unlike MPT, and appears to explain why seemingly similar investors can have markedly different asset allocations or expected returns.
Teaching as Improvising: Preservice Music Teacher Field Experience With 21st-Century Skills Activities:

The purpose of this study was to examine how preservice music teachers navigate 21st-century skills in their lesson planning and field experiences. Among the various skills, we focused on the Partn...
Mechanical Certification of Loop Pipelining Transformations: A Preview

We describe our ongoing effort using theorem proving to certify loop pipelining, a critical and complex transformation employed by behavioral synthesis. Our approach is mechanized in the ACL2 theorem prover. We discuss some formalization and proof challenges and our early attempts at addressing them.
Computations of capacitance matrices for ESD between 3-dimensional bodies

The computational tool described is based upon three-dimensional geometric modeling and electrostatic charge simulation, for determination of capacitance matrices between three-dimensional bodies, including the influence of a ground plane. These matrices provide a means of computing potential and electric field distributions between approaching bodies, and thus determining relative probabilities of electrostatic discharge. Also, energy storage computations before and after a discharge provide a means for estimating the relative severity of the event. The tool is used to compute capacitance matrices for a simple model of a human body with arm and finger approaching another object. >
Rapid labeling of mitochondrial lipids by labeled orthophosphate and adenosine triphosphate.

Abstract Rapidly labeled lipids of guinea pig liver mitochondria incubated with 32Pi or γ-32P-ATP were studied. With the use of inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, it was shown that 32Pi is converted to labeled ATP, which is the more direct precursor of labeled lipid. Atractyloside blocks phosphorylation of lipid by endogenous ATP under conditions in which it has little effect on oxidative phosphorylation or lipid labeling by externally added ATP. Two radioactive lipids were identified by chromatography as phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidic acid. The properties of an unknown third lipid were studied. Its formation was selectively blocked by the addition of hydroxylamine to the incubation medium. It is postulated that the lipids are labeled by the action of kinases and phosphatases in the mitochondrial fraction.
Vitamin E-TPGS increases absorption flux of an HIV protease inhibitor by enhancing its solubility and permeability.

Purpose. To investigate the effect of vitamin E-TPGS, d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, on the solubility and permeability of amprenavir, a potent HIV protease inhibitor.
The kaleidoscope of disciplinarity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify criteria for and definitions of disciplinarity, and how they differ between different types of literature. Design/methodology/approach – This synthesis is achieved through a purposive review of three types of literature: explicit conceptualizations of disciplinarity; narrative histories of disciplines; and operationalizations of disciplinarity. Findings – Each angle of discussing disciplinarity presents distinct criteria. However, there are a few common axes upon which conceptualizations, disciplinary narratives, and measurements revolve: communication, social features, topical coherence, and institutions. Originality/value – There is considerable ambiguity in the concept of a discipline. This is of particular concern in a heightened assessment culture, where decisions about funding and resource allocation are often discipline-dependent (or focussed exclusively on interdisciplinary endeavors). This work explores the varied nature of disciplinarity and, th...
Chapter 9 Look and see: how the brain moves your eyes about

Abstract Two major cortical streams are involved in the generation of visually guided saccadic eye movements: the anterior and the posterior. The anterior stream from the frontal and medial eye fields has direct access to brainstem oculomotor centers. The posterior stream from the occipital cortices reaches brainstem oculomotor centers through the superior colliculus. The parietal cortex interconnects with both streams. Our findings suggest that the posterior stream plays an unique role in the execution of rapid, short-latency eye movements called ‘express saccades’. Both the anterior and posterior streams play a role in the selection of targets to which saccades are to be generated, but do so in different ways. Areas V1, V2 and LIP contribute to decisions involved in where to look as well not to look. In addition, area LIP is involved in decisions about how long to maintain fixation prior to the execution of a saccade. Area V4 does not appear to be directly involved in eye-movement generation. In the anterior stream, the frontal eye fields, and to a lesser extent the medial eye fields, are involved in the correct execution of saccades subsequent to decisions made about where to look and where not to look.
Using a bundled amenity model to estimate the value of cropland open space and determine an optimal buffer zone

This study investigates how proximity to cropland influences residential property values and considers the public policy implications. The hedonic model generalizes previous studies by recognizing that the bundle of externalities generated by crop production may increase the price of some homes and decrease the price of others, depending on their respective locations. Using an instrumental variables approach to estimate the model for San Joaquin County, California, suggests that proximity to cropland increases the value of most, but not all, single-family homes near the agricultural-urban edge. The results imply an agricultural buffer zone of 68 meters would mitigate most cropland disamenities.
The Use of Potting Materials for Electronic-Packaging Survivability in Smart Munitions

Abstract : Potted electronics are becoming quite common in precision artillery applications due to demands for increased structural-robustness of these miniaturized smart-munitions. In field artillery applications, the potted electronics are inactive for most of their lifetime where they may have been stored in a bunker without environmental (temperature and humidity) controls for up to 20 years. In contrast, the electronics for most commercial applications tend to be active for most of their lifetimes and the operating environment here is more predictable. This difference makes the thermal management task for the artillery application very challenging. The ability to accurately analyze these designs also requires the use of fully-coupled thermal-stress transient analysis methods and also accurate material properties and strain rates over the full temperature range to be analyzed. To highlight the thermal-stress transient effects the potted configuration of a typical electronics assembly is analyzed. In addition, the structural dynamic responses of un-potted and potted assemblies, subjected to gun launch environments, are analyzed. The results indicate that for the potted design the dynamic response of the processor board is attenuated by the potting material during gun launch, and also some unexpected results, for a hollow cavity device which, fortunately, can be mostly resolved by using some commonly used manufacturing/assembly steps.
THE HERCULANEUM CROSS

lecture was referred to, and photographs of it reproduced, in E. L. Sukenik's article "The Earliest Records of Christianity,"2 but since the conclusions at which Sukenik arrived in his article have been called into question, his reference to Maiuri's work has not received the attention due it. The only other noteworthy mention of Maiuri's discovery in America with which I am familiar is by Carl H. Kraeling,3 and his description of the discovery was apparently based on second-hand descriptions, since he misstates the details of the discovery. It is my task in this article to summarize Maiuri's findings and conclusions and evaluate them.
Advanced technology exhaust nozzle development

The requirement for greater tactical aircraft operational capabilities has led to increasing research emphasis on the refinement of engine/airframe integration methods and exhaust nozzle flexibility. A major prospective advancement in the development of these capabilities takes the form of multifunctional exhaust nozzle systems with thrust reversal and thrust vectoring features, whose operation will be shared by both airframe and powerplant control systems. Attention is presently given to the two-dimensional convergent-divergent and single expansion ramp nozzle designs, with emphasis on the variable geometry mechanical systems by which they assume cruising flight, vectoring, and thrust reversal operations. The nozzles have been wind tunnel model-tested for the cases of the F-18 fighter and a supersonic cruise configuration concept.