cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secular Evolution of Spiral Galaxies. III. The Hubble Sequence as a Temporal Evolution Sequence

In the first two papers in this series, we have presented a dynamical mechanism by which an unstable spiral mode in a galactic disk can remain quasi-stationary on the order of a Hubble time at the expense of a continuous dissipative basic state evolution, manifesting as the secular redistribution of disk matter, as well as the secular heating of disk stars. In the current paper, we consider in detail the astrophysical consequences of this spiral-induced basic state evolution process and show that it could explain, among a spectrum of observational facts, the variation of the disk surface-density profiles across the Hubble types, as well as the well-known age-velocity dispersion relation of the solar-neighborhood stars. We seek to establish that the Hubble sequence for the classification of galaxies, when viewed in the reverse direction, is essentially a temporal evolution sequence. The spiral-induced secular mass redistribution process could lead to the evolution of the Hubble type of a spiral galaxy from late (Sd and Sc) to early (Sb and Sa). Furthermore, since similar radial mass-accretion processes could also be mediated by central stellar bars, or other central nonaxisymmetric structures, this leads to the continued galaxy evolution across Hubble type S0 and into disky elliptical galaxies. The secular evolution mechanism presented in this series of papers, together with other previously proposed evolution mechanisms, provides a framework for understanding the results of Hubble Space Telescope Deep Field and Medium Deep Survey, which showed that there is significant evolution of the number statistics of the Hubble types of galaxies with redshift, consistent with an evolution along the Hubble sequence from late to early. It also provides possible solutions to several long-standing problems in the theory and observation of galaxy formation and evolution, among them the cause of the steepening of the galaxy morphology-environment relation; the similarity between the Tully-Fisher and Faber-Jackson relations for spiral and elliptical galaxies, respectively; the existence of a fundamental-plane relation for elliptical galaxies; and the mass-angular momentum anticorrelation observed along the Hubble sequence.
Use of a sinusoidal series for modeling discrete windowed data as an alternative to interpolation

The use of a sinusoidal series representation as an alternative to interpolation is introduced. The method is applied to both one-dimensional and two-dimensional data. It is noted that the Fourier series can be used here only if the variable of interest has no discontinuities and has the same values at the end boundaries. For situations where this is not the case we introduce the idea of adding to the Fourier series sinusoids at half the fundamental frequency. The procedure is extended to two-dimensional data and applied to terrain modeling where coarse range scanning has been performed and a model of finer resolution is then obtained. Results are shown to be excellent.
Phosphorylation due to the oxidation of succinic acid by cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli.

Esterification of inorganic phosphate accompanies the oxidation of succinic acid by cell-free extracts of E. coli. Inorganic phosphate appears to be an essential requirement for the dehydrogenation of the C4-dicarboxylic acid.
100 years of tropical bryophyte and lichen ecology: a bibliographic guide to the literature from 1901 - 2000

A list of 401 citations pertaining to the ecology of tropical bryophytes and lichens is presented. The bibliography includes publications addressing the biology, ecology, natural history, and physiology of bryophytes and lichens, but generally eschews taxonomic and floristic papers. All citations have been verified, unless denoted with an asterisk (*). An appendix that groups citations by category is provided.
Reverse engineering of user documents: a pilot study

The incorporation of instructional design (ID) strategies into user software documents is investigated, and a new, reverse engineering-based, approach to the problem of determining the ID strategies that are used in the production of documents is presented. This approach disassembles the document into its individual components and relationships then uses that information to construct a high-level model of the document specification and identify the methods used to construct the document. An initial pilot study that tests the implementation of the method is also presented. In that study, responses from a selected group of evaluators are used to perform the reverse engineering of two documents for word processing programs, and a possible statistical analysis of the results is examined.
Minimal perfect hashing for large sets of data

We present and analyze a method that permits the efficient application of minimal perfect hashing functions to much larger sets of data than previously possible. The method employs a probabilistic algorithm to obtain a separation of legal key values into disjoint subsets. The cardinality of each subset is small enough so that it can be efficiently minimally perfectly hashed. In the retrieval phase, the subset to which an input key belongs is determined and the hashing function for that subset is applied. The time complexity of locating the data associated with a given input key value is O(LogLogN). The space complexity of the algorithm is O(N LogLogN). Construction time for the necessary data structures is O(N2LogLogN).
Ionizing Radiation and Elastomers

Abstract The phenomena which are observed in investigations concerned with high energy ionizing radiation and elastomers follow generally from the principles of related fields such as the interactions of radiation with matter; radiation, polymer, and polymerization chemistry ; and the molecular structure of elastomers in relation to their physical properties. The way in which the knowledge from these various fields is integrated to account for the results with elastomers gives a specialized aspect to the interpretations, which however is very much the same for elastomers as for polymers in general. As usual, the modifying circumstance is the generally greater sensitivity of the physical properties of elastomers to changes in structure than is the case for ordinary polymers. In sketching the relatively short history of work with intense, high energy radiation and elastomers, it is not possible to ignore the unusual circumstances under which it has progressed. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 transferred contr...
Acute myocardial infarction in women.

Although CHD is the leading cause of death in women, little is known about their response to and recovery from an acute MI. The medical and nursing care offered to women following an MI is based primarily on research studies of men. Few studies have included only women, and those that have compared women and men are limited by sample sizes that are too small for meaningful comparisons and study variables that reflect men's concerns (e.g., specific risk factors or return to work issues). Women's cardiovascular anatomy and physiology differ somewhat from men's. Women average smaller chests, hearts, and coronary artery vessel diameters and different body fat distributions. Their cardiovascular systems are designed to adapt to the extraordinary demands of pregnancy and childbirth and do so by modifying diastolic, rather than systolic, function. Similar physiologic changes are often seen in response to exercise. Women's higher levels of estrogen and progesterone influence lipid metabolism and hormone receptor activity. Thus, diagnostic tests that are based on research with men (e.g., ECGs and exercise stress tests), show more false-positive and false-negative results in women. Additionally, therapeutic interventions (e.g., PTCA and CABG) that were developed for men have been less effective for women. CHD is apparently expressed differently in women. Diabetes mellitus is a strong, independent risk factor for CHD in women and results in a risk similar to that of nondiabetic men. More women present with angina as an initial manifestation of CHD than with MI and rarely have sudden cardiac death. Women experience more complications than men and a higher mortality following acute MI. They derive less benefit from medical or surgical therapy and experience more side effects. Many aspects of women's response to acute MI reflect gender rather than biologic differences. Women's worlds, the sociocultural contexts within which they live, and their activities are qualitatively different from men's. The nursing care offered to women should be based on sound scientific rationale that responds to these unique experiences and concerns.
Note on Kakwani and Podder Method of Fitting Lorenz Curves

The Lorenz curve is a useful device to depict the characteristics of income and wealth distributions in terms of the degree of equality of the underlying distribution. In practice, income (or wealth) data by individuals or households categories are collected and used to generate discrete sets of cumulative percentages of income (wealth) and of individuals (households). Through these discrete cumulative percentage observations, some continuous Lorenz curve is fitted.
Is It Cost-effective to Purchase Print Books When the Equivalent E-book Is Available?

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyze and compare print and electronic book usage for equivalent core clinical titles at the University of South Alabama Biomedical Library collection from 2010 to 2014 to determine format preference and if it would be necessary to purchase identical books in both electronic and print formats. The purpose of purchasing print books that are also available in electronic format is to meet the preferences of some users who prefer to read print format. Usage of 60 core books both in print and electronic formats was compared. Usage statistics were generated from the library’s integrated library system for the print books—both those used in the library and checked out of the library. Electronic usage statistics of the same titles were generated from COUNTER reports; then titles in both formats were compared to determine format preference and whether it is cost-effective to purchase books in both print and electronic formats.
ATTITUDES TOWARD THE DISABLED AND AGGRESSION

Attitudes roward persons with physical disabilities have frequently been correlated with demographic and personality variables. Sex differences have been found often enough to assume women are generally more favorable toward disabled persons than men, while age and intelligence seem unrelated to such attitudes. Studies comparing attitudes roward disability and aggression have produced findings which, on the other hand, are varied and inconclusive. Siller (1967) and Swingle (cf. Yuker, ei a/., 1966) found significant negative correlations between aggression measures and scales of attitudes toward disability, while studies by Yuker, et al. (1966) ant1 Siller and Chipman (1965) yielded no significant relationships between such measures. One reason for the ambiguous findings is that all studies have tested "normal" samples which have lacked a definitive degree of aggression. The present study attempted to rectify this deficiency by using Ss with known aggressive behavioral characteristics, i.e., 20 juvenile delinquents. Comparison persons were 20 boys drawn from a non-delinquent population. Attitudes were assessed with the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons, a 20-item Likert-type scale reputed to assess attitudes toward disabled persons on a favorable, accepting-unfavorable, non-accepting continuum (Yuker, et al., 1966). To ensure that differences on the aggression variables were actually present, the Zaks-Walters scale of aggression (1959) was employed. This 12-item scale, an MMPI-type insuument, yields an index of reported behavioral aggression; high scores indicate greater aggression. These groups were expected to differ significantly on both the attitude and aggression scales, the delinquent boys obtaining higher aggression scores while having less favorable attitudes toward disabled persons than controls. A significant correlation between aggression and attitudes toward disability was also predicted. Delinquent boys were significantly more aggressive (Ms = 8.15 vs 5.20, SDs = 1.72, 1.64; t = 5.57, df = 38, p > ,001) than controls. The hypothesis that aggressive Ss are less accepting of disabled persons was supported; a significant difference was found berween groups on the attitude scale (Ms = 58.58 vs 51.75, SDs = 13.23, 12.07; t = 1.71, df = 38, p > .05). A biserial correlation of .34 relating attitudes to group membership (aggressive vs non-aggressive) was also significant (p > .05). The data support the interpretation of aggression as a personality variable negatively related to positive attitudes toward the disabled. Replication using other measurrs of attitudes and aggression seems in order.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER CARDIAC MRI SCANS OF NON-MRI-SAFE CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Few studies have been published regarding the safety or feasibility of MRIs in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), and most have excluded patients requiring cardiac MRIs. This study evaluated the immediate and 6-month effects on device parameters in patients who underwent
Four-hour presumptive identification of Enterobacteriaceae from blood cultures.

A modification of the Minitek® identification system for the four-hour identification of gram-negative bacilli recovered from blood cultures was developed. This method enabled our laboratory to identify correctly 99 of 100 consecutive isolates of all members of Enterobacteriaceae representing seven genera and nine species. All rapid identifications were confirmed using conventional biochemical methods. The procedure employs 11 Minitek biochemical discs inoculated with 0.1 ml of a dense organism suspension. Two-tenths milliliter of this suspension was added to a blank well for motility testing. In most instances, identification reactions were identical to those routinely used for the Minitek system. Only with the biochemical citrate disc does the interpretation vary from the Minitek standard. In addition to the blood culture isolates, 22 unknown organisms were also tested. All were correctly identified within four hours of the detection of visible turbidity in broth. This method offers a convenient, economic, and rapid means of identifying gram-negative bacilli isolated from blood cultures.
Study on Optimal Design of Lead-rubber Bearings for Railway Continuous Beam Bridges

On the basis of the optimization theory,the optimal design model of the seismic isolation system with lead-rubber bearings(LRB) for a 3-span railway continuous bridge was established,considering the longitudinal displacement of the beam as the constraint condition and the summation of the bending moments at the bottom of all piers as the objective function.The first order optimization method in ANSYS was used to realize the dynamic parameters optimal design of the lead-rubber bearings under four earthquake waves.Firstly,the optimal design was carried out with the single earthquake wave as the input.The results show that there are obvious margins between the optimal parameters of lead rubber bearings used on the middle piers and the side piers,and the maximum margin reaches 42%.Then,study on the optimal design with multiple earthquake waves as the input was carried out for the reason that the four groups of optimal solutions with single earthquake wave as the input were quite different.The results indicate as follows: For railway continuous bridges,optimal parameters with multi-earthquake waves as the input are much different from those with single earthquake wave as the input and the objective function with multi-earthquake waves as the input is larger than that with single earthquake wave as the input;in actual projects,optimal design with multi-earthquake waves as the input should be used to obtain the optimum solution and ensure the safety of bridge structures in earthquakes.
Nipple adenoma in a female patient presenting with persistent erythema of the right nipple skin: case report, review of the literature, clinical implications, and relevancy to health care providers who evaluate and treat patients with dermatologic conditions of the breast skin

Nipple adenoma is a very uncommon, benign proliferative process of lactiferous ducts of the nipple. Clinically, it often presents as a palpable nipple nodule, a visible nipple skin erosive lesion, and/or with discharge from the surface of the nipple skin, and is primarily seen in middle-aged women. Resultantly, nipple adenoma can clinically mimic the presentation of mammary Paget’s disease of the nipple. The purpose of our current case report is to present a comprehensive review of the available data on nipple adenoma, as well as provide useful information to health care providers (including dermatologists, breast health specialists, and other health care providers) who evaluate patients with dermatologic conditions of the breast skin for appropriately clinically recognizing, diagnosing, and treating patients with nipple adenoma. Fifty-three year old Caucasian female presented with a one year history of erythema and induration of the skin of the inferior aspect of the right nipple/areolar region. Skin punch biopsies showed subareolar duct papillomatosis. The patient elected to undergo complete surgical excision with right central breast resection. Final histopathologic evaluation confirmed nipple adenoma. The patient is doing well 31 months after her definitive surgical therapy. Since nipple adenoma represents a benign proliferative process of the nipple, complete surgical excision is curative. However, the coexistence of nipple adenoma and ipsilateral or contralateral breast cancer is well reported in the literature. The potential for a direct causal link or association of nipple adenoma and breast cancer cannot be fully excluded.
Management of UTI in Children: Murky Waters

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics UTI — : urinary tract infection Over the course of the last 2 decades, the approach to the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children has undergone considerable reconsideration. Areas such as screening urinalysis, method of urine collection, definition of a positive culture, imaging assessment after the diagnosis of UTI in children, medications for treatment, and mode of administration are examples of such reassessment. In 2011, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of UTI in febrile infants and young children were published.1 The guidelines were for children 2 to 24 months. However, the guidelines also provide a framework for … Address correspondence to Aaron Friedman, MD, 125 North Hamilton St, #905, Madison, WI 53703. E-mail: alfried{at}umn.edu
Ian Barbour’s Methodological Breakthrough: Creating the “Bridge” Between Science and Theology*

The question of methodology lies at the heart of the theology and science community: how are we to relate these two disparate fields? I will take the question as broadly including issues in epistem...
Making and breaking in an art education makerspace

In this article, the author will outline the process of setting up a makerspace in an art education program on a US university campus. The challenges that were encountered will be discussed, as will the successful elements. In the conclusion, the author will provide the reader with a number of suggestions for integrating a makerspace into art education teacher preparation programs.
Diana and beyond: white femininity, national identity, and contemporary media culture

Diana and beyond: White femininity, national identity, and contemporary media culture is a sophisticated book about how the assemblage of “white femininity” gets utilized in the service of national...
High Temperature Cooked Meats

Meats cooked at high temperatures contain heterocyclic amines, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and N -nitroso compounds, all potential carcinogens. Whereas there have been many laboratory studies demonstrating their presence in high temperature cooked meats, mutagenic activity in short-term toxicity tests, and carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies, epidemiological studies exploring the relationship between increased cancer incidence and frequency of consumption of cooked meats have yielded inconsistent results. At this time, studies do not indicate a strong association between eating high temperature cooked meats and cancer in human populations. For those individuals who may be particularly concerned about cancer and meat consumption, the amount of meat consumed could be reduced, lower cooking temperatures could be used, and charring can be avoided (because this increases the levels of carcinogenic compounds produced in the meat), and increasing consumption of other dietary factors that tend to reduce cancer incidence could be considered.
A 5-μm pitch charge-coupled device optimized for resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering

We have developed a charge-coupled device (CCD) with 5 μm × 45 μm pixels on high-resistivity silicon. The fully depleted 200 μm-thick silicon detector is back-illuminated through a 10 nm-thick in situ doped polysilicon window and is thus highly efficient for soft through >8 keV hard X-rays. The device described here is a 1.5 megapixel CCD with 2496 × 620 pixels. The pixel and camera geometry was optimized for Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) and is particularly advantageous for spectrometers with limited arm lengths. In this article, we describe the device architecture, construction and operation, and its performance during tests at the Advance Light Source (ALS) 8.0.1 RIXS beamline. The improved spectroscopic performance, when compared with a current standard commercial camera, is demonstrated with a ∼280 eV (CK) X-ray beam on a graphite sample. Readout noise is typically 3-6 electrons and the point spread function for soft CK X-rays in the 5 μm direction is 4.0 μm ± 0.2 μm. The measured quantum efficiency of the CCD is greater than 75% in the range from 200 eV to 1 keV.
“Made in Italy”; how culture and history has shaped modern Italian business environment, political landscape, and professional organizations

This paper examines the national, political, and business culture of Italy. The framework was established through business visits, research, and personal interviews while studying abroad in Italy. The Italian business culture, politics and economic situations are directly related to its historical foundation. The Italian cultures independent tendencies are a result of separate territories and regions struggling for unification over centuries. As a result of Italy having been one of the most invaded nations in the world, its people have developed over many centuries’ ways to adapt, survive, and cope with occupations.
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist pioglitazone and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton have no effect on lung inflammation in healthy volunteers by positron emission tomography in a single-blind placebo-controlled cohort study

BACKGROUND Anti-inflammatory drug development efforts for lung disease have been hampered in part by the lack of noninvasive inflammation biomarkers and the limited ability of animal models to predict efficacy in humans. We used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in a human model of lung inflammation to assess whether pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, and zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, reduce lung inflammation. METHODS For this single center, single-blind, placebo-controlled cohort study, we enrolled healthy volunteers sequentially into the following treatment cohorts (N = 6 per cohort): pioglitazone plus placebo, zileuton plus placebo, or dual placebo prior to bronchoscopic endotoxin instillation. 18F-FDG uptake pre- and post-endotoxin was quantified as the Patlak graphical analysis-determined Ki (primary outcome measure). Secondary outcome measures included the mean standard uptake value (SUVmean), post-endotoxin bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts and differentials and blood adiponectin and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) levels, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to verify treatment compliance. One- or two-way analysis of variance assessed for differences among cohorts in the outcome measures (expressed as mean ± standard deviation). RESULTS Ten females and eight males (29±6 years of age) completed all study procedures except for one volunteer who did not complete the post-endotoxin BAL. Ki and SUVmean increased in all cohorts after endotoxin instillation (Ki increased by 0.0021±0.0019, 0.0023±0.0017, and 0.0024±0.0020 and SUVmean by 0.47±0.14, 0.55±0.15, and 0.54±0.38 in placebo, pioglitazone, and zileuton cohorts, respectively, p<0.001) with no differences among treatment cohorts (p = 0.933). Adiponectin levels increased as expected with pioglitazone treatment but not urinary LTE4 levels as expected with zileuton treatment. BAL cell counts (p = 0.442) and neutrophil percentage (p = 0.773) were similar among the treatment cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Endotoxin-induced lung inflammation in humans is not responsive to pioglitazone or zileuton, highlighting the challenge in translating anti-inflammatory drug efficacy results from murine models to humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01174056.
Neuropsychiatric aspects of Sydenham's chorea : A comprehensive review

Background : The recent demonstration of an etiologic role for Sydenham's chorea in obsessive-compulsive disorder has once again brought this disorder to psychiatric attention. Despite its traditional importance to psychiatry, there has not been a comprehensive review of Sydenham's chorea published for decades. Method : I utilized the Index Medicus and its predecessors, the Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus and the Cumulative Index Medicus, to search for every English-language article on Sydenham's chorea written during the past 115 years and then read and compiled the articles and their pertinent references. Results : Sydenham's chorea is a symptom of rheumatic fever and results from an autoimmune attack on the CNS. In addition to chorea, the acute attack is almost always characterized by psychiatric symptoms such as irritability, obsessions and compulsions, tics, and psychotic symptoms. Acutely, treatment involves valproic acid or haloperidol; steroids may also be appropriate. Chronic treatment with penicillin is required to prevent future attacks. In adult years, the neuropsychiatric sequelae of Sydenham's chorea include chorea gravidarum, some cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and possibly, certain cases of Tourette's syndrome and of schizophrenia. Conclusion : Sydenham's chorea is best considered a neuropsychiatric disorder, and most patients will benefit from psychiatric treatment. Certain cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and perhaps other adult psychiatric disorders as well, may benefit from approaches similar to those used for Sydenham's chorea.
Growth and survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in postharvest American oysters.

Oysters at the retail stage of distribution generally contain greater densities of Vibrio parahaemolyticus than do oysters at harvest. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of postharvest storage at 26 and 3°C on the growth and survival of naturally occurring V. parahaemolyticus in shellstock American oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Oysters were collected monthly from May 1998 through April 1999 from Mobile Bay, Alabama, and their V. parahaemolyticus densities were determined after 0, 5, 10, and 24 h of postharvest storage at 26°C. After 24 h of storage at 26°C, oysters were transferred to a refrigerator at 3°C and analyzed 14 to 17 days later. V. parahaemolyticus numbers were determined by a direct plating method involving an alkaline-phosphatase-labeled DNA probe that targets the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin gene (tlh-AP) to identify suspect isolates. From April to December, when water temperatures at harvest were >20°C, the geometric mean harvest density of V. parahaemoly...
Perception of American-English Vowels by Early and Late Spanish-English Bilinguals.

Increasing numbers of Hispanic immigrants are entering the US and learning American-English (AE) as a second language (L2). Previous studies investigating the relationship between AE and Spanish vowels have revealed an advantage for early L2 learners for their accuracy of L2 vowel perception. Replicating and extending such previous research, this study examined the patterns with which early and late Spanish-English bilingual adults assimilated naturally-produced AE vowels to their native vowel inventory and the accuracy with which they discriminated the vowels. Twelve early Spanish-English bilingual, 12 late Spanish-English bilingual, and 10 monolingual listeners performed perceptual-assimilation and categorical-discrimination tasks involving AE /i,ɪ,ɛ,ʌ,ae,ɑ,o/. Early bilinguals demonstrated similar assimilation patterns to late bilinguals. Late bilinguals' discrimination was less accurate than early bilinguals' and AE monolinguals'. Certain contrasts, such as /ae-ɑ/, /ʌ-ɑ/, and /ʌ-ae/, were particularly difficult to discriminate for both bilingual groups. Consistent with previous research, findings suggest that early L2 learning heightens Spanish-English bilinguals' ability to perceive cross-language phonetic differences. However, even early bilinguals' native-vowel system continues to influence their L2 perception.
Hybrid photovoltaic-wind system for the electricity production in isolated sites

The main framework studied in this work is to design and fabricate an electronic charge regulator for a hybrid generation system (photovoltaic/wind) of low and medium power, with accumulator battery for different applications in isolated sites. The purposed charge controller must be able to charge, using a hybrid generator, a lead-acid battery that is constantly concerned about the power supply for 12 or 24V DC current. The principle of operation of the system is to receive the power, obviously variable and fluctuating depending on atmospheric conditions, to optimize it properly before using it totally or partially for charging the battery. Finally, the proposed system helps to reduce the complexity and cost of the hybrid systems and also ensures the largest operating region of the PV and Wind generators.
Therapy for Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Pre-op, Day of, and Post-op

Physical therapy is a mainstay of nonoperative treatment for degenerative diseases of the knee. Quadriceps strengthening is a key component of any physical therapy regimen, and there are many other modalities and methods therapists utilize to treat knee pain associated with degenerative joint disease. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a popular treatment option for certain patterns of degenerative joint disease of the knee. Physical therapy focused on postoperative rehabilitation begins prior to the surgery and typically continues weeks to months after the procedure. The role of therapy postsurgery may not be as necessary in many UKA patients as it is with total knee arthroplasty, but it is still a standard part of the surgical pathway. This chapter focuses on the three phases of physical therapy, preoperative, day of surgery, and postoperative, and the evidence behind the methods.
Percutaneous coronary intervention of an anomalous coronary chronic total occlusion: The added value of three-dimensional printing

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has had an evolving role in cardiology, although has been largely reserved for planning of structural heart disease interventions. We present a case whereby multimodality imaging, including 3D printing, played a pivotal role in planning a technically feasible approach for complex percutaneous coronary intervention of a chronically occluded anomalous right coronary artery, with creation of a customized guide catheter.
Antitrust in the Blockchain Era

Similar to the Internet Era, which generated new value chains based on digital marketplaces, the block-chain has the potential to be the next cutting-edge technology which will revolutionize markets. Block-chain technology built on a consensus mechanism can make intermediaries [or third parties] unnecessary and reduce the market power of today’s centralized platforms. Antitrust enforcers should oversee the transformation of digital markets by means of block-chain technology to prevent anti-competitive conduct that might block the path to innovation. Using the Web as a model of reference, a public block-chain could run on universal and open protocols; with goods and services traded in a single universal block-chain. Antitrust enforcers are fundamental in keeping block-chain markets open and free. Rather than leading to the death of antitrust and regulation, block-chain will require more sophisticated versions of both.
NMR Methods Used to Derive Solution Conformations in Peptides

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods used to derive solution conformations in peptides. Two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy provides an important tool for identifying preferred conformers in otherwise unstructured peptides. This stems from its usefulness in detecting highly localized conformations that are not easily observable by other methods and from its ability to identify the particular residues involved in a given conformation. NMR can be used to discern conformations that resemble regular secondary structures of proteins, such as helices and tight turns, based primarily on NOE patterns and occasionally on coupling constants and amide-proton temperature-shift coefficients. Conformations that are less common in proteins such as backbone kinks or cis peptide bonds can also be inferred. In characterizing conformations, however, it must be appreciated that a peptide is frequently in dynamical equilibrium between a large numbers of conformers. At any one time, the peptide population in solution contains multiple conformers, only some of which are revealed by NMR.
Multi-Layer Decomposition of Network Utility Maximization Problems

We describe a distributed framework for resource sharing problems that arise in communications, micro-economics, and various networking applications. In particular, we consider a hierarchical multi-layer decomposition for network utility maximization (ML-NUM), where functionalities are assigned to different layers. The proposed methodology creates solutions with central management and distributed computations to the resource allocation problems. In non-stationary environments, the technique aims to respond quickly to the dynamics of the network by decreasing delay by partially shifting the communication and computational burden to the network edges. Our main contribution is a detailed analysis under the assumption that the network changes are on the same time-scale as the convergence time of the algorithms used for local computations. Moreover, assuming strong concavity and smoothness of the users’ objective functions, and under some stability conditions for each layer, we present convergence rates and optimality bounds for the ML-NUM framework. In addition, the main benefits of the proposed method are demonstrated with numerical examples.
EDL Simulation Results for the Mars 2020 Landing Site Safety Assessment

The Mars 2020 rover is NASA's next flagship mission, set to explore Mars in search of scientific evidence of past microbial life. Importantly, the rover will also, for the first time, have the ability to collect and cache rock and soil samples for retrieval and return to laboratories here on Earth. A key step in the development of the Mars 2020 mission is the selection of a suitable landing site with the largest likelihood of meeting scientific goals. This decision is a complex and critical one that requires close interaction between the scientific and engineering communities. The chosen landing site must be both scientifically interesting — providing the project with the greatest possible chance of gathering credible and defendable scientific evidence — and also safe enough to attempt a landing in the first place. Thus, arguably one of the most important undertakings of the Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) team, is to effectively enumerate, quantify, and communicate the landing risks to all of the stakeholders. The culmination of this effort is the Landing Site Safety Assessment, which is a review commissioned by the project, presided over by the EDL Standing Review Board, and attended by management and science stakeholders, in which the EDL team communicates their assessment of the associated landing risks and the statistical probability of a successful landing at each of the final candidate landing sites. This paper summarizes the results of high-fidelity computer simulations of the Mars 2020 EDL sequence used in this assessment. From an EDL performance perspective, all four candidates offer similar level of robustness, which is in-family with Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). However, two new features of the Mars 2020 EDL sequence — range trigger and Terrain-Relative Navigation (TRN) — dramatically enhance the capability of the EDL system to safely land at landing sites with much more rugged terrain than ever before considered. This has allowed the landing site selection for Mars 2020 to proceed in a manner that has been unprecedentedly weighted more heavily toward scientific interest and less heavily on engineering constraints. With TRN, the overall probability of success is predicted to be approximately 99% for all of the candidates.
Advanced Care Planning and End-of-life Outcomes in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients:

Aim/Purpose:This integrative review addresses whether the presence and timing of advanced care planning (ACP) with or without a palliative care (PC) consultation affect place of death and use of hi...
Highly Permeable Reverse Osmosis Membranes via Molecular Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Trimesoyl Chloride and 3,5-Diaminobenzoic Acid

We present a series of polyamide membranes synthesized via molecular layer-by-layer (mLbL) deposition of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (BA). These membranes exhibit superior ...
Los Angeles Law Firms Before and After Recessions

Major recessions often prompt significant changes at large law firms. This report studies Los Angeles firms over the past forty years to assess the impact of recessions on the Los Angeles legal market. It tracks the number of lawyers working in the Los Angeles offices of a sample of national law firms (half founded in Los Angeles and half founded outside of Los Angeles) over three recessions. It concludes that significant reductions in the attorneys employed by law firm offices after a recession largely reflect reversals of extraordinary growth prior to the recession. Because Los Angeles law firm offices were not expanding prior to 2020, the impact of the 2020 recession on the number of lawyers employed by national firms in Los Angeles may be modest.
Family as a Context for Child Development: Mothers with the FMR1 Premutation and Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder caused by changes of the FMR1 gene that is passed along among families. A range of developmental processes may be impacted with wide variation in abilities across individuals with FXS. Mothers of children with FXS are often carriers of a “premutation” expansion on the FMR1 gene, which is associated with its own clinical phenotype. These maternal features may increase individual and family vulnerabilities, including increased risk for depression and anxiety disorders and difficulties in social and cognitive ability. These characteristics may worsen with age, and potentially interact with a child's challenging behaviors and with family dynamics. Thus, families of children with FXS may experience unique challenges related to genetic risk, manifested across both children and parents, that should be considered in therapeutic planning to optimize outcomes for children and their families. In this article, we review core features of the FMR1 premutation as expressed in mothers and aspects of the family environment that interface with developmental outcomes of children with FXS. Recommendations for family-centered support services are discussed.
Professor Julian Conrad Juergensmeyer’s

It is difficult to believe that a decade has passed since the original Festschrift in honor of the occasion of Julian Conrad Juergensmeyer’s 45th year of teaching. That first Festschrift was an impressive and moving scholarly tribute to Julian’s impact on his colleagues, on his students, and on broader legal doctrine. Yet, despite the many accolades received and accomplishments documented in Festschrift I, Julian lamented with typical humility and self-deprecation, in his Introduction and Thank You that he had “never succeeded in developing a course which adequately links the coverage of land use and environmental law[,]” but that he hoped that others would succeed in that endeavor. Julian, however, has been wildly successful in that endeavor. Not only does the Center for the Comparative Study of Metropolitan Growth that Julian directs at Georgia State University College of Law offer an LL.M. that provides students with “a unique opportunity to study environmental and land use law from a global perspective[,]” Julian also has generated and stimulated influential ideas and concepts on the nexus between environmental law and land use; he has participated in the conceptualization, organization, and implementation of a series of visionary workshops and conferences focusing on the environmental and other consequences of land use policies and planning; he has published innovative “impact” scholarship on the topic; and he has inspired administrators, planners, legislators, law students, legal practitioners, scholars, and the judiciary to consider and weigh in on the linkage. This essay will consider that record of success, particularly that of Julian’s scholarship pertaining to development impact fees.
NOWCASTING with NNS

This quick introductory note is intended to provide the background to the frequency alignment problem of analyzing disparate economic variables of interest, a solution, and its use in the nonparametric vector autoregression NNS.VAR().
The traveling quilter: An exploration of the influences on travel behavior

Quilters have been traveling to regional, national, and international symposia since the beginning of the quilt revival in the 1970’s (Bonesteel Films, (Producer), 2005, The Great American Quilt Revival, UNC-TV). These events have attracted large crowds, mostly women, yet there is little data about their travel behavior (L. Brodsky, Country Heritage Tours, personal conversation October 29, 2007). In response to the lack of information on quilting travel, this research was undertaken to determine if quilting experience, skill level and level of serious leisure predict quilting travel behavior. This thesis examines experience use history in quilting (i.e., number of years quilting, number of days per month, number of days per week, and number of hours per day), quilters’ skill level, and level of serious leisure as predictors of quilting travel behavior (i.e., number of day trips, number of overnight trips and number of destinations visited for quilting). Data were collected from participants (N=199) of the Quilters of South Carolina (QSC) fall retreat. A survey instrument was used to examine experience use history, skill level, and serious leisure using the 54-item short form Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure (Gould, 2005) as predictors of the travel behavior of quilters over a two-year period. The results from the analyses revealed that experience use history and skill level and serious leisure dimensions failed to predict day trip and number of destinations visited, but skill level was a significant predictor of overnight trips.
Trends in Heart Failure Clinical Trials From 2001–2012

Abstract Background A systematic assessment of the temporal trends in heart failure (HF) clinical trials is lacking. Methods and Results A total of 154 phase II–IV HF trials including 162,725 patients published from 2001 to 2012 in 8 high-impact-factor journals were reviewed. The median number of participants and sites per trial were 367 (interquartile range [IQR] 133-1450) and 38 (5–101), respectively. Median enrollment duration was 2.2 (1.5–3.3) years. The majority of studies investigated treatment for chronic HF (82.5%) and investigated HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (71.4%), whereas 27 trials (17.5%) enrolled patients with mixed EF and 9 (5.8%) enrolled HF with preserved EF patients alone. Enrollment rates did not significantly change over time (median 0.49 patients site −1 month −1 , IQR 0.34–0.98; P = .53). Trials meeting their primary end point decreased over time from 73.5% in 2001–2003 to 52.5% in 2010–2012 ( P = .08) and were more often smaller and used nonmortality end points. Industry trials were larger with shorter enrollment duration, more concentrated in North America, and more likely to be positive. Trials conducted exclusively outside North America and Western Europe had the highest enrollment rates (median 1.95 patients site −1 month −1 , IQR 1.34–4.11). Conclusions Contemporary HF clinical trials display slow enrollment rates and decreased rates of positive outcomes over time. Positive trials tended to be smaller size with a higher proportion of surrogate end points.
Ontogeny of the Gnathostome Pancreas Tissues

Whereas the islet organ of the cyclostomes develops directly from the epithelium of the intestine or bile duct, the ontogenies of both components of the pancreas of gnathostomes are closely linked. Therefore, we consider here the embryonic development of the islet organ, now the “endocrine pancreas”, together with that of the exocrine pancreas. The older literature on this topic has been sumerized by Bargmann (1939); more recent reviews have been written by Falkmer and Patent (1972), Pictet and Rutter (1972), Epple et al. (1980), Rutter (1980), and Epple and Brinn (1986). It is generally held that the gnathostome pancreas develops from dorsal and ventral outgrowths (anlagen) of the small intestine. According to Siwe (1926), the ventral material disappears in the elasmobranchs very early, leaving the dorsal anlage to form all of the adult pancreas. In the “higher” gnathostomes there seems to be a basic pattern, consisting of one dorsal and two ventral anlagen. Whereas in all cases the dorsal anlage probably persists, the ventral anlagen may (a) fuse, (b) totally disappear or (c) develop only unilaterally as, for example, in the human. In mammals, the derivatives of the dorsal and ventral anlagen fuse almost indistinguishably, although the duct system and differences in cell populations of the adult pancreas reflect the respective origins (see Chap. 4.3). The chicken pancreas develops from three anlagen, a dorsal one appearing at 72 h of incubation and two ventral ones at 96 h (Przybylski 1967). The dorsal anlage gives rise to the third and splenic lobes while the dorsal and ventral lobes are derived from the two ventral anlagen (Dieterlen-Lievre 1970).