cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meningitis-associated Escherichia coli

Escherichia coliis the most common Gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis. Neonatal E. colimeningitis continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Our incomplete knowledge of its pathogenesis and pathophysiology contributes to such mortality and morbidity. Recent reports of neonatal meningitis caused by E. coli strains producing CTX-M-type or TEM-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases create a challenge. E. colipenetration into the brain, the essential step in the development of E. coli meningitis, requires a high-degree of bacteremia and penetration of the blood-brain barrier as live bacteria, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent functional genomic approaches of meningitis-causing E. coli in both in vitro and in vivo models of the blood-brain barrier (e.g., human brain microvascular endothelial cells and animal models of experimental hematogenousE. colimeningitis, respectively) have identified several E. coli factors contributing to a high-degree of bacteremia, as well as specific microbial factors contributing to E. coli invasion of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, E. coli penetration of the blood-brain barrier involves specific host factors as well as microbe- and host-specific signaling molecules. Blockade of such microbial and host factors and host cell signaling molecules is efficient in preventing E. coli penetration into the brain. Continued investigation of the microbial and host factors contributing to E. colibacteremia andinvasion of the blood-brain barrier is likely to identify new targets for prevention and therapy of E. coli meningitis, thereby limiting the exposure to emerging antimicrobial-resistant E. coli.
Applicability of the Schwartz Equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Bedside Equation for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Overweight Children.

tudy Objective To determine if significant correlations exist between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prediction equation values, derived by using the original Schwartz equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) bedside equation with a 24-hour urine creatinine clearance (Clcr) value normalized to a body surface area of 1.73 m2 in overweight and obese children. Design Prospective analysis (20 patients) and retrospective analysis (43 patients). Setting Pediatric inpatient ward and pediatric nephrology clinic at a comprehensive academic medical center. Patients Sixty-three pediatric patients (aged 5–17 years), of whom 27 were overweight (body mass index [BMI] at the 85th percentile or higher) and 36 were not overweight (BMI lower than the 85th percentile [controls]) between 2007 and 2012. Methods and Main Results Data from the overweight patients were compared with nonoverweight controls. GFR values were calculated by using the original Schwartz equation and the CKiD bedside equation. Each patient's 24-hour urine Clcr value normalized to a body surface area of 1.73 m2 served as the index value. A Pearson correlation coefficient model was used to determine association between the 24-hour urine Clcr value (index value) with the Schwartz and CKiD GFR estimations. Significant correlation was found to exist between the Schwartz and CKiD bedside GFR estimations relative to the 24-hour urine Clcr in the control subjects (r = 0.85, p<0.0001, and r = 0.85, p<0.0001, respectively). Significant correlation was also found to exist between the Schwartz and CKiD bedside GFR values with the 24-hour urine Clcr value in overweight subjects (r = 0.86, p<0.0001, and r = 0.86, p<0.0001, respectively). The Schwartz equation estimated average GFR 21.75 ml/minute/1.73 m2 higher than 24-hour urine Clcr (p<0.0001) in overweight children with a kidney disorder. The CKiD bedside GFR estimations were not significantly different compared with 24-hour urine Clcr values for the overweight group with kidney disorder (p=0.85). Conclusion The Schwartz and CKiD bedside estimations of GFR correlated with 24-hour urine Clcr values in both overweight and nonoverweight children. Compared with the Schwartz equation, which tended to overestimate renal function, the CKiD bedside equation appeared to approximate 24-hour urine Clcr more closely in overweight children with kidney disorder.
Investigation of epidemiology and analysis of tetanus prevention in 781 cases of surgical trauma

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of surgical trauma in Nanchang City,Jiangsu Province,China,and investigate the safety and preventive effect of human tetanus immunoglobulin(TIG). Methods According to medical record,an epidemiological investigation was performed on 781 cases of trauma injected with TIG at the outpatient of Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2009 ~ 2012,of which the data were analyzed statistically by SPSS software. Results Of the 781 patients,549 were male and 232 were female(P 0. 000 1),most of whom were at ages of 19 ~ 30 years(P 0. 000 1). Most of the patients were workers,pupils,middle school students and individual households(P 0. 000 1). Most of the traumas were those caused by ironware in building sites,such as nails and iron pipe,seconded with those caused by fall,other ironware and fighting(P 0. 000 1). The injury parts were mainly limbs(P 0. 000 1). Of the patients,98. 08% were inoculated with TIG within 24 h,in whom no any adverse reactions or tetanus were observed. Conclusion TIG was highly effective and safe in prevention of tetanus in the patients with surgical trauma,which was especially suitable for those allergic the tetanus antitoxin(TAT).
Corrigendum to "Evaluation of the IrisPlex DNA-based eye color prediction assay in a United States population" [Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. (2014) 111-117].

After further scrutiny of the genotype and eye color data of the 200 samples used in the dataset while analyzing it for post-published purposes, some inconsistencies were noted which the authors would like to further report here. There were 9 samples (5 in training set, 4 in the validation set) that had their genotypes shifted by one sample in the data so that the true genotype of the sample was not correctly aligned. The erroneously shifted genotypes were corrected and allele frequencies were recalculated for 4 SNPs. These corrections were made to the model parameters and all analyses repeated. Maximum prediction accuracies following allele frequency adjustment went from 58% to 77% for brown, from 95% to 79% for blue, and 11% to 65% for intermediate (Table 3). The figures and tables were corrected and are shown below (Figs. 2 and 3 and Tables 3–5). Briefly to summarize the changes, there was a small increase of sensitivity for blue eye color with all models with an increase from 93% to 95%, and a decrease for brown and intermediate eye colors, 97% to 89% and 93% to 0%, respectively (Table 5). For all models, there was an increase in correct prediction rates for intermediate eye color from 11% to 65% and blue eye color from 55% to 79%, but a decrease in brown eye color from 98% to 57%. Overall frequencies of predictions (Figs. 2 and 3) mostly decreased in inconclusive results, but also increased in the number of incorrect predictions. AUC values were approximately the same across all models, except with a decrease in intermediate from 0.88 to 0.77 (Table 4). There was no overall change from original conclusions made that the Bayesian network model should still be considered as an optimal prediction model method (over MLR), this is especially true for intermediate sample predictions.
A multiplex assay for detection of common pediatric sarcoma tumor markers

10041 Background: Molecular assays for tumor markers have become an important component in diagnosing pediatric sarcomas and small round cell tumors. We developed a multiplex assay to detect 7 comm...
A study of the neuropsychological correlates in adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorders.

Objective To examine the unique neuropsychological presentation in adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorders (HF-ASD) by comparison with adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Adults with ASD referred to a specialty clinic (n=26) were compared to two non-ASD groups with (n=52) and without (n=52) ADHD of similar age and sex. Results No differences in IQ were found. Subjects with HF-ASD were significantly more impaired than both comparison groups in processing speed, cognitive flexibility and sight words. Subjects with HF-ASD were more impaired than controls in working memory, but not the ADHD group. Conclusion These findings suggest that there may be specific neuropsychological correlates of HF-ASD differing from ADHD that could have significant implications for identifying individuals at risk for ASD.
Oasis: Onboard autonomous science investigation system for opportunistic rover science: Research Articles

The Onboard Autonomous Science Investigation System has been developed to enable a rover to identify and react to serendipitous science opportunities. Using the FIDO rover in the Mars Yard at JPL, we have successfully demonstrated a fully autonomous opportunistic science system. The closed loop system tests included the rover acquiring image data, finding rocks in the image, analyzing rock properties and identifying rocks that merit further investigation. When the system on the rover alerts the rover to take additional measurements of interesting rocks, the planning and scheduling component determines if there are enough resources to meet this additional science data request. The rover is then instructed to either turn toward the rock, or to actually move closer to the rock to take an additional, close-up image. Prototype dust devil and cloud detection algorithms were delivered to an infusion task which refined the algorithms specifically for Mars Exploration Rovers (MER). These algorithms have been integrated into the MER flight software and were recently uploaded to the rovers on Mars. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract 101: Is The Question Of Viability Imaging In Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction Relevant? Predictors Of Post-viability Imaging Referral To Revascularization

Background . In light of the recent STICH trial results, the clinical practice of viability imaging in patients (pts) with reduced left ventricular (LV) function has been called to question. Whether measures of hibernating myocardium alter pt management is unknown. We explored the impact of the results of cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion and viability imaging on short-term referral to revascularization. Methods . We identified 586 consecutive patients with LV ejection fraction (EF) <50% who underwent Rb-82 dipyridamole stress/rest perfusion imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET between March, 2006 and May, 2009. Automated quantitative software with user defined limits was used to determine the amount of myocardium that was scar, ischemic, or hibernating based on these results. Early revascularization (EREV) was performed within 90 days of PET in 198 patients (34%). Multiple logistic regression was used to model the association between the results of PET imaging and EREV after adjusting for potential confounders. Results . Overall, pts were 65±12 years, 23% female, with mean LVEF 31±12%. Expressed as %total myocardium, PET results revealed 6.0±8.1% scar, 9.1±8.5% ischemia, and 14.7%±11.6% hibernation (total defect size 29.8±16.6%). Logistic regression revealed that after adjusting for pt age, sex, prior MI, BMI, diabetes, beta-blocker use, race, residence location, prior REV, chest pain, and LV end-diastolic volumes, ischemia was the single most powerful predictor of EREV [adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI: 2.6 (2.0-3.3) per 10% ischemia], while hibernation was not a predictor of EREV (p=0.77). The presence of scar reduced EREV [0.48 (0.34-0.66) per 10% scar]. Conclusion. Although assessment of ischemia and hibernation is often considered to be a standard part of the evaluation of pts with LV dysfunction, hibernating myocardium extent measured by cardiac PET does not influence subsequent referral to revascularization. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Observer error in sampling a rare plant population

Background: Estimation of abundance in vegetation sampling involving observers is almost always characterised by observer error, although such error is rarely reported.Aims: To quantify observer error in population estimation of the rare plant species Physaria filiformis in Missouri, USA.Methods: The abundance of P. filiformis was estimated within 25-m2 plots by six trained observers with varying experience levels over 10 years. Observers assigned plots to six predefined density classes. A total of 477 plots were estimated annually, and actual counts were conducted on ca. 10% of the plots to assess per cent agreement of estimates with counts.Results: Over a third of the estimates of plant abundance evaluated for accuracy (36.4%) deviated from exhaustive counts. The majority of the misestimates were underestimates by one density class (29.4%). The number and type of misestimates varied systematically with density class.Conclusions: Observer error could be explained to some degree by variation in population...
Strategies for the Total Synthesis of Diverse Bromo-Chamigrenes.

Several dozen spirocyclic sesquiterpenoids known as the bromo-chamigrenes have been isolated to date. Yet, despite their unique structures, synthetic efforts toward this collection have been modest. Herein, we outline two strategies to generate their skeletons based on (1) a biomimetic bromonium-induced polyene cyclization using BDSB (Et2SBr·SbCl5Br) and (2) a Diels–Alder reaction which ultimately delivered four members of the class. In addition, X-ray crystallography reveals that one member has a structure in need of revision.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes Involved with High-impact Sports.

Background and purpose Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease occurring most commonly in athletes and is caused by repeated concussive or subconcussive blows to the head. The main purpose of this review is to evaluate the published literature on chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in athletes participating in high-impact sports. In particular, we highlight the significance of concussive and subconcussive impacts in multiple sports, elucidate the differences between clinical/pathological features of CTE and related neurodegenerative diseases, and provide an explanation for the variation in clinical presentation between athletes of different sports.
4.23 Polymers in Oral Drug Delivery

Polymers in oral drug delivery systems can be regarded as unique types of biomaterials. Their availability, regulatory acceptance, and unique physicochemical properties make them an indispensable tool in developing various types of oral drug delivery devices. Their application in oral drug delivery ranges from those specific to the manufacturing process to those involved in modifying drug release. The focus of this chapter will be on introductory information for commonly used polymers and their role in common oral dosage forms.
Psychosocial Comorbidities Related to Return to Work Rates Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Purpose Ability to return to work (RTW) after stroke has been shown to have positive psychosocial benefits on survivors. Although one-fifth of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) survivors suffer from poor psychosocial outcomes, the relationship between such outcomes and RTW post-stroke is not clear. This project explores the relationship between age, gender, race, marital status, anxiety and depression and RTW 3 and 12 months post-aSAH. Methods Demographic and clinical variables were collected from the electronic medical record at the time of aSAH admission. Anxiety and depression were assessed at 3 and 12 months post-aSAH using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in 121 subjects. RTW for previously employed patients was dichotomized into yes/no at their 3 or 12 month follow-up appointment. Results Older age was significantly associated with failure to RTW at 3 and 12 months post-aSAH (p = 0.003 and 0.011, respectively). Female gender showed a trending but nonsignificant relationship with RTW at 12 months (p = 0.081). High scores of depression, State anxiety, and Trait anxiety all had significant associations with failure to RTW 12 months post-aSAH (0.007 ≤ p ≤ 0.048). At 3 months, there was a significant interaction between older age and high State or Trait anxiety with failure to RTW 12 months post-aSAH (p = 0.025, 0.042 respectively). Conclusions Patients who are older and suffer from poor psychological outcomes are at an increased risk of failing to RTW 1-year post-aSAH. Our interactive results give us information about which patients should be streamlined for therapy to target their psychosocial needs.
En búsqueda de justicia: La violencia contra la mujer y el sistema legal en Nicaragua

Este articulo analiza las experiencias de las mujeres victimas de violencia con las instituciones legales en Nicaragua. Basado en diez meses de trabajo de campo y entrevistas con 38 mujeres provenientes de 5 departamentos del pais, el texto examina como las practicas rutinarias de actores estatales como policias y fiscales impactan a las mujeres en su busqueda de justica. Tambien, muestra la importancia de una asesora que acompane a las mujeres en su proceso legal. A nivel teorico, cuestiona las teorias de burocracia representativa e identifica las limitaciones de las estrategias punitivas y legales para erradicar la violencia contra la mujer. PALABRAS CLAVE Ley 779, violencia de genero, Nicaragua, burocracia, policia.
Executive Influence over Reported Corruption Convictions: Are Conviction Rates a Biased Measure of US State-Level Corruption?

Using state level data on corruption convictions from the U.S. Department of Justice’s Public Integrity Section (PIN) and political importance over five consecutive presidential terms from 1993-2012, I find evidence that reported federal corruption convictions tend to be higher in politically important states. However, this effect decreases in magnitude and becomes statistically insignificant when states have a governor of the same political party as the president. Thus, corruption convictions are systematically different across states based on political factors.
Kristeva and the Question of Origins

Julia Kristeva became and remains a student of Girard’s work, beginning with her doctoral dissertation, published as Revolution in Poetic Language. Girard features in works of paramount significance in Kristeva’s thought—Powers of Horror and Tales of Love—as well as in her essay “Women’s Time.” In its exploration of apocalyptic threats to global survival, Kristeva’s novel The Old Man and the Wolves also reflects Girard’s influence. Always, a sympathetic reader of Girard, Kristeva, sheds light on the question of origins in ways that strengthen the explanatory power of mimetic theory.
Efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Parents with Intellectual Disability

ABSTRACTParents with intellectual disability (ID) face many parenting challenges that may affect their ability to parent effectively, and such deficits are often associated with various poor child ...
Cyberbullying and the Gifted: Considerations for Social and Emotional Development:

The use of technology can promote learning, higher-order thinking, deeper understanding, collaboration, and student engagement. But if unchecked and unfacilitated, online cyberbullying can become a...
Gene Therapy in Nonneoplastic Lung Disease

The genetic basis of some nonneoplastic lung diseases and the accessibility of the pulmonary airways for administration of aerosol therapy make the concept of gene therapy for these diseases one worthy of the intense examination that it has been given.1 Cystic fibrosis (CF) and α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), two common and incurable lung diseases that are caused by mutations in a single gene, have been closely investigated for potential treatment with gene therapy.1
Construction of Nonlinear Programming Test Problems with Known Solution Characteristics

The ability to supply realistic-looking test problems with known characteristics is essential for testing the efficiency and robustness of nonlinear programming algorithms and codes. This paper deals with methods of constructing (random) nonlinear programming test problems with known solutions and specified characteristics which usually affect the success of algorithms and their related software. In particular, it is shown how test problems with given multiple stationary points can be constructed, allowing for programs with several local optima thus providing for more rigorous testing.
Rescalable Real-Time Interactive Computer Animations

Animations are one of the best tools for communicating three-dimensional geometry, especially when it changes in time through a homotopy. For specialpurpose animations, custom software is often necessary to achieve realtime performance. Luckily, in recent years, computer hardware has improved, and libraries have been standardized, to the point where such custom software can be easily ported across all common platforms, and the performance previously found only on high-end graphics workstations is available even on laptops.
ON TRANSITORY AND PERIODIC SYSTEMS IN BACTERIA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses transitory and periodic systems in bacteria. Normally, when bacteria are exposed to a molecule that is actively transported, the kinetics show the transported material approaching a final maximum concentration within the cell, asymptotically. The period formation of enzyme during the bacterial division cycle has recently been observed. Each gene seems to replicate at a definite time during chromosomal growth, and chromosomal division appears to be related to cell division. Overshoot phenomena have been observed in growing bacteria, in the function of an enzyme-like transport mechanism, with a period of about a minute. Also, at the level of enzyme formation, enzymes have been shown to be made intermittently, with periods of about an hour.
Some “No Hole” Spacetime Properties are Unstable

We show a sense in which the spacetime property of effective completeness -- a type of ``local hole-freeness'' or ``local inextendibility'' -- is not stable.
Exchange stiffness influence on Terfenol-D magnetic states

Terfenol-D has one of the largest magnetoelastic coefficients at room temperature, making it a good candidate for future magnetoelectric memory devices. However, few studies exist on the spin configuration in nanoscale Terfenol-D single domain structures. There are two exchange stiffness parameters of Terfenoal-D reported in the literature. In this paper, we use micromagnetic simulations to evaluate the influence of these two exchange parameters on the spin states of ellipsoidal shapes. Analytical results indicate that these two parameters produce significantly different spin states. Therefore, experiments to more accurately measure the exchange stiffness constant of Terfenol-D are needed.
Applying contemporary interpersonal theory to the study of trauma

Abstract Introduction Symptom-focused theories of trauma and posttraumatic response have yielded many valuable clinical insights, ultimately leading to a number of empirically supported approaches to diagnosing and treating trauma survivors. Limitations observed in these approaches have led some trauma-focused researchers and clinicians to examine the role not only of symptoms, but of interpersonal factors on trauma and posttraumatic response. The study of such interpersonal factors is the mainstay of contemporary interpersonal theory, although at present research and clinical intervention concerning trauma has been largely detached from the insights of contemporary interpersonal theory. Objective/method In this paper, we review and integrate the disparate literatures on trauma and interpersonal theory. Results/Conclusion We conclude that synthesizing these two literatures is not only feasible, but may also generate useful clinical insights and provide directions for future research relevant to trauma.
Copy number variation detection using partial alignment information

There are several approaches for copy number variation (CNV) detection using next-generation sequencing data. Among them, read-depth based methods have become widely used, especially for targeted and whole exome sequencing data. However, read-depth based approaches suffer from noise and biases and also poor breakpoint detection. In this work, we present a novel efficient segmentation algorithm that integrates information from partially mapped (soft-clipped and split) reads with read depth data for more precise CNV detection. The proposed method employs an efficient implementation of the solution to the change-point optimization problem, Taut String, to smooth the read depth data and to generate piecewise constant signals as CNV segments. Using simulated and real data, we show that our proposed method has a much faster runtime and can improve the sensitivity of CNV detection compared to the commonly used CBS method.
Tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) on selected cool-season leguminous cover crops.

Replicated field trials indicated that tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) attained relatively-high densities on hybrid vetches, Vicia sativa L. X V. cordata Wulf cv ‘Cahaba White’ and ‘Vantage’, lower densities on crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L. cv ‘Dixie,’ and particularly-low densities on subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum L. cv ‘Mt. Barker’. Densities of TPB were also relatively low on an additional 10 types of subterranean clover, including 7 cultivars representing T. subterraneum, 1 cultivar of T. brachycalycinum Katznelson and Morley, and 3 of T. yanninicum Katznelson and Morley. Field longevity trials indicated that late-instar and adult TPB lived longer when caged on crimson clover than on hybrid vetch, which in turn supported better survival than did subterranean clover. When adult TPB were caged on hybrid vetch or subterranean clover with or without floral and fruiting structures, there was no evidence that the presence of thes...
Energy-Efficient Runtime Adaptable L1 STT-RAM Cache Design

Much research has shown that applications have variable runtime cache requirements. In the context of the increasingly popular spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) cache, the retention time, which defines how long the cache can retain a cache block in the absence of power, is one of the most important cache requirements that may vary for different applications. In this paper, we propose a logically adaptable retention time STT-RAM (LARS) cache that allows the retention time to be dynamically adapted to applications’ runtime requirements. LARS cache comprises of multiple STT-RAM units with different retention times, with only one unit being used at a given time. LARS dynamically determines which STT-RAM unit to use during runtime, based on executing applications’ needs. As an integral part of LARS, we also explore different algorithms to dynamically determine the best retention time based on different cache design tradeoffs. Our experiments show that by adapting the retention time to different applications’ requirements, LARS cache can reduce the average cache energy by 25.31%, compared to prior work, with minimal overheads.
Distributed Submodular Maximization with Bounded Communication Cost

We study distributed submodular maximization in networks with heterogeneous communication costs. In the distributed maximization algorithm, each agent selects a strategy from a discrete set of options, and the objective is to maximize a global submodular function over these strategies. The network topology imposes limitations on information sharing, and several recent works have derived bounds on the performance of the algorithm in terms of graph properties. In this work, we consider the problem of designing a network that maximizes the algorithm performance subject to a bound on the total communication cost of the algorithm execution. We first prove that this network design problem is NP-hard. We then present an approximation algorithm for it. Next, we show that the algorithm communication cost can be further reduced by using multi-hop routing for information propagation. We give a polynomial-time algorithm that finds the optimal information propagation scheme for the distributed algorithm in edge-weighted networks. Finally, we present experimental results highlighting the performance of our algorithms.
Phonon-assisted reduction of hot spot temperature in AlInN ternaries

A longstanding challenge is the reduction of temperature in hot spots occurring in AlN-based ternary device structures. In this paper, we develop a uniaxial dielectric model and present theoretical analysis of the Frohlich interaction between electrons and interface and confined optical phonons, and their properties. This model is used to introduce new ways of achieving temperature reduction in hot spots in regions of elevated temperature in AlN- and InN-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Seasonal crash prediction model for urban signalized intersections: Wisconsin southeast region.

Highly aggregated data is conventionally used in transportation safety omitting seasonal variations and leading to important loss of information. States in the northern region of the United States ...
The Role of EBV-Induced Hypermethylation in Gastric Cancer Tumorigenesis.

Epstein–Barr-virus-associated Gastric Cancer (EBVaGC) comprises approximately 10% of global gastric cancers and is known to be the most hypermethylated of all tumor types. EBV infection has been shown to directly induce the hypermethylation of both the host and viral genome following initial infection of gastric epithelial cells. Many studies have been completed in an attempt to identify genes that frequently become hypermethylated and therefore significant pathways that become silenced to promote tumorigenesis. It is clear that EBV-induced hypermethylation silences key tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle genes and cellular differentiation factors to promote a highly proliferative and poorly differentiated cell population. EBV infection has been shown to induce methylation in additional malignancies including Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Burkitt’s Lymphoma though not to the same level as in EBVaGC. Lastly, some genes silenced in EBVaGC are common to other heavily methylated tumors such as colorectal and breast tumors; however, some genes are unique to EBVaGC and can provide insights into the major pathways involved in tumorigenesis.
The crystal structure of the deca­aluminum alkoxide cluster Al10O4(OH)8L14 (L = 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­fluoro­propan-2-olate)

In the title centrosymmetric cluster compound, hexa­kis­(μ2-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­fluoro­propan-2-olato)octa­kis­(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­fluoro­propan-2-olato)octa-μ2-hydroxido-di-μ4-oxido-di-μ3-oxido-deca­aluminium, [Al10(C3HF6O)14(OH)8O4] (C42H22Al10F84O26), there is a central μ4-OAl4 moiety, which has six edges of which three contain μ(O)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­fluoro­propan-2-olate (L) ligands and two contain μ-OH groups each bridging two Al atoms along an edge. The sixth edge is occupied by a group containing a fifth aluminium atom [bis-μ(OH)-, μ3(O)—AlL]. This last μ3(O) group generates a centrosymmetric Al2O2 dimer, thus the μ3(O) atom is linked to two Al atoms in the asymmetric unit as well as a third Al atom through a center of inversion. Three of the hexa­fluoro­propyl groups of the C3HF6O− ligands are disordered and each was refined with two conformations with occupancies of 0.770 (3)/0.230 (3), 0.772 (3)/0.228 (3) and 0.775 (3)/0.225 (3). The five unique Al centers have coordination numbers varying from four to six with bond angles that show considerable distortions from regular geometry: for the four-coordinate atom, τ4′ = 0.886, while three Al atoms are five-coordinate (τ5 values = 0.098, 1.028, and 0.338) and one is distorted six-coordinate with O—Al—O bond angles ranging from 74.22 (9) to 171.59 (12)°. The geometry about the central O atom in the OAl4 block is significantly distorted tetra­hedral (τ4′ = 0.630) with Al—O—Al angles ranging from 95.50 (9) to 147.74 (13)°. The extended structure features numerous O—H⋯O, O—H⋯F, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds and short F⋯F contacts.
More Relatively-Poor People in a Less Absolutely-Poor World: More Relatively-Poor People in a Less Absolutely-Poor World

Relative deprivation, shame and social exclusion can matter to the welfare of people everywhere. The authors argue that such social effects on welfare call for a reconsideration of how we assess global poverty, but they do not support standard measures of relative poverty. The paper argues instead for using a weakly-relative measure as the upper-bound complement to the lower-bound provided by a standard absolute measure. New estimates of global poverty are presented, drawing on 850 household surveys spanning 125 countries over 1981-2008. The absolute line is $1.25 a day at 2005 prices, while the relative line rises with the mean, at a gradient of 1:2 above $1.25 a day. The authors show that these parameter choices are consistent with cross-country data on national poverty lines. The results indicate that the incidence of both absolute and weakly-relative poverty in the developing world has been falling since the 1990s, but more slowly for the relative measure. While the number of absolutely poor has fallen, the number of relatively poor has changed little since the 1990s, and is higher in 2008 than 1981.
Vetting Client Datasets Using an Audit Decision Support System: An Enhancement in Creating Audit-Evidence

Underlying the myriad numbers of Policies, Procedures, Pronouncements, Protocols, Regulations, & Rules of the AICPA, PCAOB & SEC is the single and essential element of the Best Practices execution of the Certification Audit: The required certification-the audit opinions-must be based upon valid audit evidence created in the time frame of the audit. As most all of the audit evidence must be drawn from Client-datasets, before ANY audit testing occurs, these Client-datasets must be vetted for Relevance, Reliability & Veracity. We suggest that this requires (i) the audit InCharge to posit a priori a Profile Expectation re: each Client Dataset, and (ii) to inferentially test the Expectation against the Client’s AIS-Reality before the Client-dataset is accepted in the creation of audit evidence. We term this Vetting of the Client’s Datasets-the Effectiveness-Phase. As for the Efficiency-Phase, the auditor must employ Decision Support Systems. In this chapter, we discuss: The P-value as the DSS-Inference-Machine, Transformation Screens, A Re-Performance & Re-Calculation Protocol, Newcomb & Benford Profiling, Frontier-Analyses using Tukey-EDA: Whisker Box-Plots, and AIS-Forms Integrity Screening using GAP-Analyses. These DSS-platforms are programmed in VBA-Open access Excel™; the ensemble of these processing functionalities are the Audit-Vetting DSS. Each AVDSS-platform is herein discussed and illustrated with actual audit datasets. The AVDSS is available as a download with no cost and no restriction on its use.
Gaming Apps’ and Social Media Partnership: A Privacy Perspective

As mobile devices and social media presence are becoming ever more integrated into daily lives, mobile games are also becoming increasingly more popular and replacing computer or handheld games. While mobile games provide convenient and timely entertainment, gaming apps also raise privacy concerns, especially when they are linked to users’ social media accounts. This connection between gaming apps and social media often allows the gaming apps to access users’ personal information. In this study we aim to address the privacy violations that may occur in this context. To conduct this study, twenty gaming apps from the Apple Store were selected and analyzed for the types of access and information exchange between social media and the gaming apps. In particular, it was alarming to learn that social media service providers were granting that access to the third-parties as well. Our analysis reveals that all twenty of the gaming apps collected users’ personal and sensitive information, while nine of the apps not only collected personal information but also were able to modify users’ information on their profile or timeline. Therefore, the goal of this study is to identify these potential privacy violations, raise gaming app users’ awareness of these privacy invasive practices, and propose initial recommendations for social media service providers and gaming app developers to provide better user privacy protections.
Sociodemographic differences in young adults’ recall of tobacco and cannabis marketing online and in television/film

Abstract Young adults (YA) who report viewing pro-tobacco and cannabis marketing are at increased risk for using tobacco and cannabis. However, there is a growing diversity of tobacco and cannabis products on the market, as well as methods for marketing them. Prevalence of, and sociodemographic differences in, YA’s recall of various types of tobacco and cannabis marketing is not well-characterized. Data were from a cohort of YA (mean age: 19.8) from Southern California in 2019. Respondents were asked whether they recalled having seen two types of marketing (online advertisements and portrayals of product use in TV/movies) for 5 tobacco and 3 cannabis products among never-users of tobacco (N = 954) and cannabis (N = 1,046), respectively. Sociodemographic differences in marketing recall were subsequently assessed. Among tobacco-naive respondents, 31.3% and 49.3% recalled seeing online advertisements and tobacco use in TV/movies, respectively. Among cannabis-naive respondents, 18.7% and 31.0% recalled seeing online advertisements and cannabis use in TV/movies, respectively. Overall, respondents recalled seeing tobacco and cannabis products on TV/movies at higher rates than seeing online advertisements, with the exception of electronic cigarettes, for which online advertisements were seen at higher rates. Women (vs. men) had higher odds of seeing tobacco (aOR = 1.9) and cannabis use in TV/movies (aOR = 1.4) and cannabis marketing online (aOR = 1.4). LGB (vs. straight) respondents had higher odds of seeing cannabis marketing online (aOR = 1.7). Efforts to regulate exposure to tobacco and cannabis marketing among young women and LGB people merit further consideration.
Invisible Man: Somebody's Protest Novel

With Hemingway and Faulkner both dead, this is not a time of recognized liter ary giants. The public, and critics too, are too easily preoccupied with literary giantism, with finding the next heir to the vacated throne. Publishers want their books to sell, and are not very timid about making claims. Readers want to feel that what they are reading is what they ought to be reading, in terms that can only be reached from the vantage point of a historical perspective. Our contem porary writers should, however, be looked on and cherished as partly-realized po tential, writers whose work should not be idolized too much, nor ignored, but read with the best awareness we can bring to them of their relationships to our own lives and to the traditions they continue. Melville seemed to be a distinctly minor writer to his own age. In 1945 all seventeen of Faulkner's books were out of print. We should be chastened and warned by examples like these, but not overly frightened in our attempts to find something of value in our contemporary writers. With the belated advent of "Black Literature" it has become even more difficult to find a long-term context in which to read or discuss a novel like Invisible Man. Its relevance to the contemporary social problems of Black citizens can be used to reduce it to the level of a documentary of the Black experience.1 On the other hand, its insistence on craft and analysis, its careful avoidance of the ex plicit advocation of action, can be passed off by the activists as the "buggy jiv ing" of a white middle-class sellout, or the ravings of a private ego trip. This latter trend is accurately prophesied at the every end of the novel.2 Most intol erable, perhaps, is the approach taken by some critics of both colors, that the novel is "pure" art, that a Negro writer has finally written his way into the main stream of some etherealized literary tradition.3
Learned Helplessness: All of us were Right (And Wrong): Inescapable Shock has Multiple Effects

Publisher Summary Organisms exposed to inescapable and unavoidable aversive events show later deficits in learning to escape such events when escape is possible This phenomenon, which has been called the “learned helplessness effect” and the “interference effect,” has received a great deal of recent attention and many of its characteristics are now known. This chapter explores the causes and explanations of this phenomenon, rather than all of its empirical characteristics, and present new evidence bearing on these issues. It also discusses inactivity hypotheses and examines that inescapable shock exposure induces reduced activity in the presence of shock. A discussion is presented on the research and theorizing directed at uncovering the mechanisms which produce the basic learned helplessness effect. The focus is on what exposure to inescapable aversive events does to the organism so that it later performs poorly in escape learning tasks. The implications of the work on learned helplessness for the psychology of learning in general is explored. The data presented in the chapter makes it clear that the existence of an activity deficit does not mean that the mechanisms that make up the learned helplessness hypothesis do not exist.
Schellenberg on the epistemic force of experience

According to Schellenberg, our perceptual experiences have the epistemic force they do because they are exercises of certain sorts of capacity, namely capacities to discriminate particulars—objects, property-instances and events—in a sensory mode. She calls her account the “capacity view.” In this paper, I will raise three concerns about Schellenberg’s capacity view. The first is whether we might do better to leave capacities out of our epistemology and take content properties as the fundamental epistemically relevant features of experiences. I argue we would. The second is whether Schellenberg’s appeal to factive and phenomenal evidence accommodates the intuitive verdicts about the bad case that she claims it does. I argue it does not. The third is whether Schellenberg’s account of factive evidence is adequate to capture nuances concerning the justification for singular but nondemonstrative perceptual beliefs, such as the belief that’s NN, where NN is a proper name. I argue it is not. If I am right, these points suggest a mental-state-first account of perceptual justification, rather than a capacity-first account, and one which treats the good and bad cases alike in respect of justification and complicates the relation between perceptual content and what one is justified in believing.
Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Existing Users: Self-Efficacy Enhances the Association between Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Adherence.

Study Objectives:Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common sleep disorder associated with a myriad of sequelae. OSAHS is effectively treated with continuous positive airway pres...
Tariffs and the current account

Abstract This paper examines the impact of a tariff on the current account in a model which emphasizes the fact that it takes time for the production sector of an economy to adjust to a change in relative prices. Income effects of the adjustment lead to a transitory current-account surplus because the deleterious effect of the tariff on national income is larger in the long run than in the short run. In addition, relative prices ‘overshoot’ in response to the tariff, leading to an increase in the consumption rate of interest which, in turn, generates an increase in desired saving.
Regional Neural Regulation of Immunity: Anatomy and Function

The sections in this article are: 1 The Autonomic Nervous System 1.1 Overview 1.2 Central Control 1.3 Terminal Distribution of Fibers 1.4 Summary 2 The Neuroendocrine System 3 The Immune System 4 Acute-Phase Response 5 Innervation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Immune Tissues 5.1 Primary Immune Tissues 5.2 Thymus Innervation 5.3 Secondary Immune Tissues 5.4 Tertiary Immune Tissues 5.5 Summary 6 Summary and Conclusions
GH3 Cell-specific Expression of Kv1.5 Gene REGULATION BY A SILENCER CONTAINING A DINUCLEOTIDE REPETITIVE ELEMENT

A silencer element (Kv1.5 repressor element; KRE) was characterized by deletion analyses in the promoter of Kv1.5, a voltage-gated potassium channel. The silencer element selectively decreases expression of Kv1.5- and thymidine kinase-chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase reporter gene constructs in cell lines that do not express Kv1.5 polypeptide. It contains a dinucleotide repetitive element (poly(GT)19(GA)1(CA)15(GA)16), and self-associates spontaneously in vitro to form complexes with slow electrophoretic mobility. Deletion of the repetitive element abolished self-association in vitro and the silencing activity in transient transfection experiments in vivo. Electromobility gel shift assays of KRE with GH3 cells nuclear extracts detected the formation of a unique DNA-protein complex, which was not detectable in Chinese hamster ovary and COS-7 cells. This complex does not react with an antibody against nonhistone high mobility group 1 protein, which binds KRE in gel retardation assays. These observations establish that a dinucleotide tandem repeat sequence, capable of self-association, forms part of a cell-specific silencer element in a mammalian gene.
Thermal behaviour of masonry walls: Mathematical modelling and field monitoring

This Canadian study shows that the potential use of their procedure is very broad since the data computed can be used to investigate deterioration problems, to check risks associated with any proposed thermal upgrading and to perform stress analysis. The variation between the computed data and recorded data is small, except at peaks where the maximum differences occur.
A Novel Ilarvirus Is Associated with Privet Necrotic Ringspot Disease in the Southern United States

Necrotic ringspot disease (NRSD) is a graft-transmissible disorder of privet (synonym ligustrum), originally reported from Florida and Louisiana more than 50 years ago. In this communication we report an isometric virus isolated from Japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum) collected in the southern United States displaying symptoms resembling those of NRSD. In mechanical transmission tests, the virus induced systemic infections in several herbaceous hosts. Double-stranded RNA analysis showed a pattern resembling replicative forms of members of the family Bromoviridae. The genome organization along with phylogenetic analyses and serological tests revealed that the virus belongs to subgroup 1 of the genus Ilarvirus. Pairwise comparisons with recognized ilarviruses indicated that the virus is a distinct, and as yet, undescribed member in the taxon, for which we propose the name Privet ringspot virus (PrRSV). Furthermore, the near-perfect association of PrRSV infections with symptoms, and apparent absence of any other virus(es) in studied samples, strongly suggest an important role of this virus in the etiology of NRSD of privet in the southeastern United States.