cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of stable-isotope labeled [M+7] and [M+6] 2-(methylamino)imidazole

Stable isotope-labeled 2-methylaminoimidazole (M+7 and M+6) was required as an intermediate in the synthesis of mass labeled drug candidates. These two isotopomers were synthesized with total yields of 24 and 36%, respectively. Labeled 2-aminoimidazole (M+4) was prepared from labeled isothiourea (M+3) and 2-aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (M+1 and M+2). The (M+1) version of 2-aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal was obtained in two steps starting with potassium [15N]phthalimide, while the (M+2) version was prepared from the reduction of diethoxyacetamide with LiAlD4. Two different approaches for the preparation of 2-methylaminoimidazole from aminoimidazole were explored. Attempts to prepare protected 2-aminoimidazole to couple with CH3I (M+4) to form the desired labeled 2-methyl-aminoimidazole failed. However, methylation was achieved by applying N-formamidation followed by deutero-reduction. These successful syntheses allowed us to selectively label with nitrogen, carbon or hydrogen isotopes at most of the positions of 2-methylaminoimidazole. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of low level x-irradiation on the fertilized egg of the mammal.

Abstract Pregnant mice were exposed to X-rays so that 5 r were absorbed by the embryos 0.5 days after conception. Entire oviducts and uteri were searched at 6 and at 24 hr for very early embryos. Even at this low level of exposure the first cleavage was delayed and there was an increase from 2.5 per cent in the controls to 20 per cent in the number of abnormals, among the irradiated. The anomalies included cytoplasmic damage appearing as a wave of necrosis over the egg, hyperchromaticity of both cytoplasm and nucleus, exudation of cytoplasm through ruptured cell membranes, pyknosis of nuclei and congealing (sticky) chromosomes, and complete dissolution of blastomeres with only the polar body remaining. These anomalies are rarely, if ever, found in the controls. On the basis of this and other recent studies it is believed that the newly fertilized egg is probably the most radiosensitive cell in the mouse, except possibly the germ cells.
Stimulus properties of sympathomimetic and sympatholytic drugs

Albino rats were trained in shuttlebox avoidance under one of the three drug conditions: Sus-Phrine (S), D. H. E. - 45 (D), or placebo (P). Twenty-four hours later the animals were tested for retention in the same or a different drug state. No evidence was found for a drug sequence effect although the D group exhibited significantly more avoidances. An operant conditioning procedure yielded results supporting discriminative stimulus properties of D. H. E. - 45. The results are discussed as they relate to the discriminative control of behavior through stimuli of an autonomic character.
Bibliography of Carpophilus humeralis (Fab.) in support of a revision of the genus Carpophilus Stephens.

Carpophilus humeralis (Fab.) is an agricultural pest in many of the warmer parts of the world. It feeds on ripe fruit, transmits plant disease, and contaminates commercial products. This bibliography lists 93 references. Reports of this beetle's occurrence and damage appear under several different names, viz., Carpophilus humeralis, Carpophilus (Urophorus) humeralis, Urophorus humeralis , and Carpophilus foveicollis . The genus Carpophilus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) should be studied critically to determine whether splitting it into 2 or more genera is warranted.
Design Paradigm for Robust Spin-Torque Transfer Magnetic RAM (STT MRAM) From Circuit/Architecture Perspective

Spin-torque transfer magnetic RAM (STT MRAM) is a promising candidate for future embedded applications. It combines the desirable attributes of current memory technologies such as SRAM, DRAM, and flash memories (fast access time, low cost, high density, and non-volatility). It also solves the critical drawbacks of conventional MRAM technology: poor scalability and high write current. However, variations in process parameters can lead to a large number of cells to fail, severely affecting the yield of the memory array. In this paper, we analyzed and modeled the failure probabilities of STT MRAM cells due to parameter variations. Based on the model, we performed a thorough analysis of the impact of design parameters on parametric failures due to process variations. To achieve high memory yield without incurring expensive technology modification, we developed an efficient design paradigm from circuit and/or architecture perspective-to improve the robustness and integration density. The proposed technique effectively relaxes or completely decouples the conflicting design requirements for read stability, writability and cell area. It can be used at an early stage of the design cycle for yield enhancement.
The signal-to-noise ratio of nuclear magnetic resonance surface coils and application to a lossy dielectric cylinder model. I. Theory

Surface coils are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for their high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) when placed near the-region to be imaged. However, their optimization for high field MRI systems is hampered by the lack of understanding of the electromagnetic effects taking place at high frequencies when a coil is placed near the human body. The aim of this work was to calculate the S/N of surface coils using complete solutions to Maxwell's equations and also to study the high frequency effects and parameters determining the S/N. Here the authors present a general approach to the computation of the S/N of surface coils using the reciprocity principal and the complex Poynting vector for arbitrary coil and body geometries. This approach is then applied to the case of the human body modeled as an infinitely long homogeneous dielectric cylinder exhibiting both conductive and dielectric losses. The S/N of a coil of unspecified geometry facing the cylinder is derived using a dyadic Green's function. Complete solutions for the fields of a dipolar source arbitrarily located in the cylinder are first derived, and applying the reciprocity principle, the authors deduce the fields created at the dipole position by a coil excited with a unit radiofrequency current. These yield the expressions for the power dissipated in the cylinder, for its reciprocal the noise picked up by the coil, and also for the signal received. Any coil geometry and any coil or source position can be evaluated with this infinite cylinder model. It is valid at all frequencies and for any tissue parameter. The general approach to the computation of the S/N of MRI coils can be applied to other body geometries as well. >
Detecting knee hyperextension using goniometric inclinometer sensing with vibrotactile feedback

The purpose of this gait analysis study was to further research the electrogoniometric vibrotactile feedback methods that aid in patient gait therapy. As compared to the standard electrogoniometer used in patient therapy a lighter, more comfortable device was designed and analyzed to provide the patient with specific hyperextension information about his/her gait cycle during stance phase. The setup included two sensors fastened onto the thigh and calf. The sensors were connected to a data acquisition system that was interfaced to a computer which sat on a portable rolling cart. Patients walked in a straight line for a total of three trials to obtain an average. A vibratory device was developed as a result of the Phase I initial data collection and analysis process. Phase II included three additional patients who were examined using the vibratory device. "Real-time" feedback was provided to the patient as he/she hyperextended during his/her therapy. Both the patient and the rehabilitation center found this study to be a useful predecessor to a modified device which indicates hyperextension appropriately. The mainstay of the study's focus is that the patient ultimately deciphers the vibratory information for him or herself to rebuild his/her own gait pattern.
Hoping for More: The Influence of Outcome Desirability on Information Seeking and Predictions about Relative Quantities.

People must often engage in sequential sampling in order to make predictions about the relative quantities of two options. We investigated how directional motives influence sampling selections and resulting predictions in such cases. We used a paradigm in which participants had limited time to sample items and make predictions about which side of the screen contained more of a critical item. Sampling selections were biased by monetary desirability manipulations, and participants exhibited a desirability bias for both dichotomous and continuous predictions.
Health behavior counseling in primary care: provider-reported rate and confidence.

Background and Objectives: This study’s purpose was to identify variables associated with primary care providers’ self-reported rate of health behavior change counseling and confidence in counseling abilities. Of particular interest was the association of provider personal health behavior with reported rate of counseling and confidence in counseling abilities. Methods: Surveys were mailed to primary care providers. Self-report items assessed rate of health behavior change counseling, perceived importance of counseling, extent of counseling training, confidence in counseling abilities, and clinician personal health behavior. Results: One hundred providers completed the survey, with 31% reporting difficulty counseling patients on a health behavior that they struggle with themselves. Provider type (eg, nurse or physician) and extent of training in health behavior change counseling were significantly associated with reported rate of counseling in a multiple regression model (adjusted R 2 =.30). Years in practice, extent of training, and importance of counseling were significantly associated with confidence in counseling in a multiple regression model (adjusted R 2 =.31). Conclusions: Some providers report difficulty counseling patients on behaviors that they struggle with themselves. Extent of training in health behavior counseling appears to be particularly important to both provider-reported rate of counseling and confidence to counsel.
The chick chorioallantoic membrane as a novel in vivo model for the testing of biomaterials

Current in vivo models for testing biomaterials are time and labor intensive as well as expensive. This article describes a new approach for testing biomaterials in vivo using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the developing chicken embryo, as an alternative to the traditional mammalian models. Fertilized chicken eggs were incubated for 4 days, at which time a small window was cut in the shell of the egg. After 1 week of incubation, the CAM received several test materials, including the endotoxin LPS, a cotton thread and a Silastic tubing. One day and 1 week later, the tissue response to the test materials was assessed using gross, histological, and scanning electron microscope evaluations. The inflammatory response of the chorioallantoic membrane to biomaterials was fully characterized and found to be similar to that of the mammalian response and was also seen to vary according to test materials. We also found that the structure and geometry of the test materials greatly influenced the incorporation of the samples in the CAM. The similarity of the tissue response of the CAM with the mammalian models, plus the low cost, simplicity, and possibility to continuously visualize the test site through the shell window make this animal model particularly attractive for the rapid in vivo screening of biomaterials.
Evaluating warfarin management by pharmacists in a community teaching hospital.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate warfarin management by pharmacists compared with physicians through an inpatient anticoagulation management service (AMS). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Community teaching hospital. Patients, participants Patients were randomly selected from the Inpatient AMS from January 1, 2009 to January 1, 2011. Patients were included if they were 18 of age years or older and received warfarin for at least three days and excluded for indefinite warfarin discontinuation or an indication following orthopedic surgery. A total of 179 patients were included in each group. Interventions The electronic medical record was reviewed for demographics, warfarin indication and goal range, international normalized ratios (INRs), albumin, drug-drug interactions, bleeding, and thrombotic rates. Main outcome measures Primary endpoints included mean time to therapeutic INR, mean time within goal, frequency of supratherapeutic INRs, bleeding, thrombotic rates, and mean INR on discharge. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the time required to reach a therapeutic INR; 3.17 vs. 2.65 days (95% confidence interval -0.09-1.13; P = 0.093). However, the pharmacist group resulted in a lower frequency of supratherapeutic INRs and significantly more time within goal range. Conclusion Similar results were observed for pharmacist-managed and physician-managed patients for INR monitoring and outcome rates. However, the pharmacist-managed patients demonstrated a lower incidence of supratherapeutic INRs and significantly more time within goal.
Notes on the Benthic Alga Dichotomosiphon from the Straits of Mackinac Area of Lakes Michigan and Huron

During the summers of 1955–1956 the author was engaged in a sampling program to describe the distribution of the benthos and bottom sediments in the Straits of Mackinac area of the Great Lakes. The elusive benthic alga Dichotomosiphon tuberosus was identified from 17 of more than 690 bottom samples that were collected. Since there has been virtually no mention of this species in the Great Lakes literature since the time of collection, it is appropriate to report this matter at this time. This alga was distributed generally in the South Channel between Bois Blanc Island and the northern Michigan shoreline, and between the depths of 3.4 and 17.1 m. Most of the sediments associated with this species were sand with pebbles, low in clay, and with 5 to 10% silt.
The Quality of IEP Objectives and Their Relevance to Instruction for Students with Mental Retardation and Behavioral Disorders

Individualized education program (IEP) plans for students with mild mental retardation and behavior disorders who attended integrated elementary and secondary schools were evaluated on the presence or absence of current, appropriate practices across the categories of generalization, functionality, and age-appropriateness. The IEPs were also analyzed by curricular area of emphasis. Students were observed in general and special education classrooms to discern the relationship, if any, between the written IEP and actual delivery of instruction. Results indicated that, although IEPs contained certain appropriate practices, their emphasis was almost solely on academic skills, to the exclusion of other important domains, such as vocational, recreation/leisure, and community integration. There was little indicated relationship between written IEPs and instruction.
Propagation of Alfvén waves in the magnetotail during substorms

Abstract. Recent observations from the THEMIS mission have focused attention on the timing of events in the magnetotail during magnetospheric substorms and other periods of geomagnetic activity. Standard models of substorms have generally emphasized convective flows as the major source of energy and momentum transport; however, Alfven wave propagation can also be an important transport mechanism. The propagation of Alfven waves and the related field-aligned currents are studied by means of ideal MHD simulation of the tail. Perturbations of the cross-tail current can lead to the generation of such waves, and the resulting propagation both through the tail and along the plasma sheet boundary layer can lead to enhanced transport. Implications of this wave propagation on the interpretation of results from the THEMIS mission will be discussed.
Power and liberal order: America's postwar world order in transition

Americanglobalpower–military,economic,technological,cultural,political–is one of the great realities of our age. Never before has one country been sopowerful or unrivaled. The United States emerged from the Cold War as theworld’s only superpower and grew faster than Europe and Japan in the decadethat followed. American bases and naval forces encircle the globe. Russia andChina remain only regional powers and have ceased to offer ideological chal-lenges to the West. For the first time in the modern age, the world’s mostpowerful state can operate on the global stage without the fear of counterbal-ancing competitors. The world has entered the age of American unipolarity.
Tracking Accuracies with Position and Rate Measurements

Tracking accuracies for the radial component of motion are computed for a track-while-scan radar system which obtains position and rate data during the dwell time on a target These results will be of interest to persons developing trackers for pulse Doppler surveillance radars. The normalized accuracies, computed for a two state Kalman tracking filter with white noise maneuver capability, are shown to depend upon two parameters, r = 4?0/?aT2 and s = ?dT/?0. The symbols ?0 and ?d are the position and rate measurement accuracies, respectively, ?a is the standard deviation of the white noise maneuver process and T is the antenna scan time. The scalar tracking filter equations are derived and numerical results are presented. Lower steady state tracking errors plus the earlier attainment of steady state accuracies are the direct consequence of incorporating the rate measurements into the tracking filter.
On the ball spanned by balls

The procedure for linear programming in linear time in fixed dimension is extended to solve in linear time certain nonlinear problems. Examples are the problem of finding the smallest ball enclosingn given balls, and the weighted-center problem in fixed dimension.
Effect of surface deposits on electromagnetic propagation in uniform ducts

A finite-element Galerkin formulation has been used to study the effect of material surface deposits on the reflective characteristics of straight uniform ducts with PEC (perfectly electric conducting) walls. Over a wide frequency range, the effects of both single and multiple dielectric surface deposits on the duct reflection coefficient were examined. The power reflector coefficient was found to be significantly increased by the addition of deposits on the wall. >
The decay of Eu146 (4.7d) to Sm146

Abstract The electron-capture and positon decay of 4.7 d Eu146 to levels in Sm146 has been investigated with scintillation counters, magnetic spectrometers and coincidence and directional-correlation techniques. The complex gamma-ray spectrum extends to 2940 keV, with the most prominent transitions being those of 635, 667, 704, 749, 902, 1061, 1300 and 1536 keV. Conversion electrons were studied with permanent-magnet spectrographs and an intermediate-image spectrometer. Levels in Sm146 have been firmly established at the following energies: 749 (2+), 1384(4+, 3−), 2051, 2286, 2684, 3160, 3202, and 3464 keV. A number of less firm levels are postulated on the basis of energy and intensity considerations. Positon branches of 2107, 1466 and 798 keV proceed to the levels at 749, 1384, and 2051 keV respectively. Directional-correlation measurements were carried out on the 635–749 keV gamma-ray cascade, but the results were ambiguous. A tabulation of the available energy-level data for the region of neutron number 82 to 88 is presented.
Chemokine and chemoattractant receptor expression: post-transcriptional regulation

The magnitude and character of the inflammatory process are determined in part via the trafficking of leukocytes into sites of injury and infection, and this process depends on proper control of the expression of genes encoding chemoattractant peptides and their receptors. Although these controls operate at multiple mechanistic levels, recent evidence indicates that post-transcriptional events governing the half-life of select mRNAs are important determinants. Adenine-uridine rich elements (AREs) located within 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) confer constitutive mRNA instability and in some cases, stabilization following stimulation by ligands of the Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) family. Although the importance of AREs in determining activity and mRNA half-life is well-recognized, the mechanistic scope and diversity remain poorly understood. Using the mouse KC or CXCL1 gene as a model, we have demonstrated that the abundance of mRNA and protein produced during an inflammatory response depends on multiple mechanistically distinct AREs present in the 3' UTR of the mRNA. The mRNA encoding the receptor for N-terminal formyl-methionine-containing peptides is also unstable and subject to stabilization in response to TIR ligands. These two models can, however, be readily distinguished from one another on the basis of specific stimulus sensitivity and the signaling pathways, through which such stimuli couple to the control of mRNA decay. These models demonstrate the substantial diversity operative in the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory gene expression.
Exciton scattering and localization in branched dendrimeric structures

π-conjugated dendrimers are molecular examples of tree-like structures known in physics as Bethe lattices. Electronic excitations in these systems can be spatially delocalized or localized depending on the branching topology. Without a priori knowledge of the localization pattern, understanding photoexcitation dynamics reflected in experimental optical spectra is difficult. ‘Supramolecular’-like quantum-chemical calculations quickly become intractable as the molecular size increases. Here we develop a reduced exciton-scattering (ES) model, which attributes excited states to standing waves in quasi-one-dimensional structures, assuming a quasiparticle picture of optical excitations. Direct quantum-chemical calculations of branched phenylacetylene chromophores are used to verify our model and to derive relevant parameters. Complex and non-trivial delocalization patterns of photoexcitations throughout the entire molecular tree can then be universally characterized and understood using the proposed ES method, completely bypassing ‘supramolecular’ calculations. This allows accurate modelling of excited-state dynamics in arbitrary branched structures.
Flying Foxes Prefer to Forage in Farmland in a Tropical Dry Forest Landscape Mosaic in Fiji

To test flying fox adaptations to a habitat mosaic with extreme deforestation, the abundance, habitat choice and feeding behavior of the Pacific flying fox, Pteropus tonganus, were investigated across 16 islands of the Yasawa archipelago, Fiji. The habitat mosaic is formed by 4.3 percent tropical dry forest and 3.3 percent farmland, leaving exotic grasslands and stands of Leucaena leucocephala to overrun the vast majority of land. Pteropus tonganus abundance was high (5757 bats) despite deforestation and hunting. Roosting sites were restricted to native forest fragments. Grasslands and stands of L. leucocephala were completely void of bats at all times. The mean foraging density in farmland was four times higher than in forests and foraging competition was routinely observed in farmland but was extremely rare in forests. The author suggests that during the study, extensive foraging in farmland was supporting the high P. tonganus population. Additionally, the preferential foraging in farmland was responsible for the low foraging densities within forests and dramatically less intraspecies competition for forest resources. Further research is needed on seed dispersal within forests and to test for seasonal variations in bat abundance and feeding.
Incorporation of Labeled Precursors into, and Accumulation of, Triglycerides and Phosphoglycerides at Selected Stages of Fungal Growth

There was greater incorporation of [2−14C] acetate and of [6−14C] glucose into phosphoglycerides than into triglycerides, of 1 1/2, 2, 3, 4 and 6 day old mycelial sample of the fungus Glomerella cingulata. Maximum incorporation into both classes of lipids occurred in young mycelial samples (2 to 3 days of age) which had a high content of total nitrogen. The five sets of mycelial samples all contained somewhat larger quantities of phosphoglycerides than triglycerides, and changes in content of both classes of lipids were similar in pattern to changes in content of total nitrogen. Incorporation, accumulation and total nitrogen of the mycelial samples, decreased at 4 days but increased again by 6 days. The apparent turnover of the triglycerides and phosphoglycerides was qualitatively similar although there was greater apparent turnover of phosphoglycerides than triglycerides; the similarity in patterns of apparent turnover was inferred to be a consequence of acyl exchange between labeled and unlabeled triglycerides and phosphoglycerides. There was greater incorporation of [2−14C] acetate into the acyl than into the glyceryl moieties of both classes of lipids but greater incorporation of [6−14C] glucose into the glyceryl than acyl moieties. With both precursors, the glyceryl and acyl moieties of the phosphoglycerides were more heavily labeled than corresponding moieties of the triglycerides.
Gesture select:: acquiring remote targets on large displays without pointing

When working at a large wall display, even if partially utilized, many targets are likely to be distant from the user, requiring walking, which is slow, and interrupts workflow. We propose a novel technique for selecting remote targets called Gesture Select, in which users draw an initial mark, in a target's direction; rectilinear gestures represented as icons are dynamically overlaid on targets within a region of interest; the user then continues by drawing the continuation mark corresponding to the target, to select it. Extensions to this technique to support working with remote content for an extended period, and learning gesture shortcuts are presented. A formal experiment indicates Gesture Select significantly outperformed direct selection for mid/far targets. Further analysis suggests Gesture Select performance is principally affected by the extent to which users can read the gestures, influenced by distance and perspective warping, and the gesture complexity in the ROI. The results of a second 2-D experiment with labeled targets indicate Gesture Select significantly outperformed direct selection and an existing technique.
On spatial-temporal truth finding in social sensing

This paper presents a spatial-temporal aware analytical framework to solve the truth finding problem in social sensing applications. Social sensing has emerged as a new big data application paradigm of collecting observations about the physical environment from social sensors (e.g., humans) or devices on their behalf. The collected observations may be true or false, and hence are viewed as binary claims. A fundamental challenge in social sensing applications lies in accurately ascertaining the correctness of claims and the reliability of data sources without knowing either of them a priori. This challenge is referred to as truth finding. Significant efforts have been made to address this challenge but two important features were largely missing in the state-of-the-arts solutions: when and where the claims are reported by a source. In this paper, we develop a new spatial-temporal aware truth finding scheme to explicitly incorporate the time information of a claim and location information of a source into a rigorous analytical framework. The new truth finding scheme solves a constraint optimization problem to determine both the source reliability and claim correctness. We evaluated the spatial-temporal aware truth finding scheme through an extensive simulation study. The initial results show that our new scheme outperforms all the compared state-of-the-art baselines and significantly improves the truth finding accuracy in social sensing applications.
Active Quasioptical Devices

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Bulk Coupled Quasioptical Devices Quasioptical Planar Arrays Cavity-Coupled Quasioptical Devices Spatial Power Combining Bibliographic Notes
Laying on the cause of stroke

A 62-year-old man developed sudden slurring of speech, dysphagia and vertigo and in the emergency department he rapidly became stuporous. A CT angiogram of head showed occlusion of the distal basilar artery trunk (figure 1) and an occluded right vertebral artery at the level of C6 (figure 2). He received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and a cerebral angiogram showed contrast stasis at the origin of the right vertebral artery, indicating that the occlusion was acute (figure 3). There was partial occlusion of the basilar tip extending into the left P1 segment of the posterior cerebellar artery. During the angiogram, all his symptoms resolved apart from a right homonymous hemianopia, and clot retrieval was not further considered. Distal vasculature showed no evidence of proximal or distal vessel narrowing to suggest atherosclerosis or vasculitis (figure 4). Figure 1 CT angiogram showing obstructive clot …
Effect of Time of Hematologic Values in Prediluted Capillary and Venous Blood.

Prediluted microsamples of capillary or venous blood are frequently stored for various amounts of time before determination of standard hematologic values. This study investigated changes in hematologic values during storage in Isoton II®. No change in the erythrocyte count and the hemoglobin concentration was found for as long as four hours. However, a progressive decline in the leukocyte count and the mean corpuscular volume occurred during this period. For capillary samples the mean percentages of change in the leukocyte count and the mean corpuscular volume were -5% and -1.4%, respectively, after four hours. Similar changes were found for venous blood diluted in Isoton II. In addition, the platelet count of prediluted venous blood rose after four hours of storage, with a mean percentage of change of +2.5%. Changes in standard hematologic values may occur during storage of microsamples and may be of particular importance in pediatric hospitals, where large numbers of such samples are collected.
Potato Psyllid and Green Peach Aphid Control on Kennebec Potatoes with Temik® and Other Insecticides1

A 10% granular formulation of Temik® (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde O -(methylcarbamoyl) oxime) applied at 20 pounds per acre in the fertilizer band at planting time gave good season-long control of the potato psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc), and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), on Kennebec potatoes. Yields of marketable grades were substantially increased over the next best treatment and were more than twice that of the untreated check.
Inducible expression of protein kinase Cα suppresses steroidogenesis in Y-1 adrenocortical cells

We have previously shown that protein kinase C (PKC) suppresses steroidogenesis in Y-1 adrenocortical cells. To ask directly if the PKCα isoform mediates this suppression, we have developed Y-1 cel...
Preparation of New Polymeric Solidified Foam Materials for Coal Mine

This paper,mainly by changing a single component and kept the other group,determined the white material components and developed a kind of polyurethane materials in accordance with the requirements of the use of coal mine high foam material,the reaction time of 165 seconds,foaming ratio was more than 25 min,compression strength of up to 521. 6 kPa, with high polymer solidified foam material and low viscosity coal mine fire-retardant,met the anti-static standard.
Time for a Change: College Students' Preference for Technology-Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Help for Emotional Distress

Abstract Background: Even with recent advances in psychological treatments and mobile technology, online computerized therapy is not yet popular. College students, with ubiquitous access to technology, experiencing high distress, and often nontreatment seekers, could be an important area for online treatment dissemination. Finding ways to reach out to college students by offering psychological interventions through technology, devices, and applications they often use, might increase their engagement in treatment. Introduction: This study evaluates college students' reported willingness to seek help for emotional distress through novel delivery mediums, to play computer games for learning emotional coping skills, and to disclose personal information online. We also evaluated the role of ethnicity and level of emotional distress in help-seeking patterns. Methods: A survey exploring our domains of interest and the Mental Health Inventory ([MHI] as mental health index) were completed by 572 students (mean age...
Game theory for security: an important challenge for multiagent systems

The goal of this paper is to introduce a real-world challenge problem for researchers in multiagent systems and beyond, where our collective efforts may have a significant impact on activities in the real-world. The challenge is in applying game theory for security: Our goal is not only to introduce the problem, but also to provide exemplars of initial successes of deployed systems in this challenge problem arena, some key open research challenges and pointers to getting started in this research.
Cutaneous Pancreatic Fistula as a Complication of Left Nephrectomy

Cutaneous pancreatic fistula is a rare but potential complication of left renal surgery. Two cases form the basis of this report.
Materials and Measures

For its purposes, this book uses different types of urban layout maps of 2-mile square downtown areas of more than 100 administrative and commercial capitals of many developed and developing states and countries in the world. The next few sections of this chapter discuss how these cities were selected, why the size of the study area from each downtown was determined to be 2-mile square, why some urban layout maps were selected for studies in place of others, how the urban layout maps were prepared, and what geometric properties were measured on the maps.
Urethral dose sparing in squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal using proton therapy matching electrons with prior brachytherapy for prostate cancer: A case study

The purpose of this case study is to communicate a technique on treating the re-irradiation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of anal canal with proton fields matched with electron fields to spare prostatic urethra. A 76-year old male presented with a secondary radiation-induced malignancy as a result of prostate brachytherapy seeds irradiation 10 years prior. A rectal examination revealed a bulky tumor at the top of the anal canal involving the left superior-most aspect of the anal canal extending superiorly into the rectum. The inferior extent was palpable approximately 3cm from the anal verge and the superior extent of the mass measured greater than 5cm in the superior-inferior dimension. Chemoradiation was suggested since the patient was opposed to abdominoperineal resection (APR) and colostomy. The use of proton therapy matching with electron fields in the re-irradiation setting could help reduce the complications. A 2 lateral proton beams were designed to treat the bulky tumor volume with 2 electron beams treating the nodal volumes. This complication of treatment fields helped spare the prostatic urethra and reduced the risk of urinary obstruction in the future.
Can New Media Save the Book

The New Books Network is using new media to stoke interest in books across a range of disciplines.
The value of cure associated with treating treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis C genotype 1: Are the new all-oral regimens good value to society?

All-oral regimens are associated with high cure rates in hepatitis C virus-genotype 1 (HCV-GT1) patients. Our aim was to assess the value of cure to the society for treating HCV infection. Methods Markov model for HCV-GT1 projected long-term health outcomes, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. The model compared second-generation triple (sofosbuvir + pegylated interferon + ribavirin [PR] and simeprevir + PR) and all-oral (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and ombitasvir + paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir ± ribavirin) therapies with no treatment. Sustained virologic response rates were based on Phase III RCTs. We assumed that 80% and 95% of HCV-GT1 patients were eligible for second-generation triple and all-oral regimens. Transition probabilities, utility and mortality were based on literature review. The value of cure was calculated by the difference in the savings from the economic gains associated with additional QALYs. Results Model estimated 1.52 million treatment-naive HCV-GT1 patients in the US. Treating all eligible HCV-GT1 patients with second-generation triple and all-oral therapies resulted in 3.2 million and 4.8 million additional QALYs gained compared to no treatment, respectively. Using $50,000 as value of QALY, these regimens lead to savings of $185 billion and $299 billion; costs of these regimens were $109 billion and $128 billion. The value of cure with second-generation triple and all oral regimens were $55 billion and $111 billion, when we conservatively assumed only drug costs. Cost savings were greater for HCV-GT1 patient cured with cirrhosis compared to patients without cirrhosis. Conclusions The recent evolution of regimens for HCV GT1 has increased efficacy and value of cure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Fidarestat. Sanwa Kagaku/NC Curex/Sankyo

Fidarestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor being co-developed by Sanwa Kagaku, NC Curex (a joint venture company created by Japan Energy and Kaken) and Sankyo, for the potential treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Role of agents for reversing the effects of target-specific oral anticoagulants

Purpose The available clinical data on target-specific oral anticoagulant (TSOAC) reversal agents that are currently in development or have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are reviewed. Summary The development of TSOACs such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and apixaban has presented benefits and new challenges. One of the main challenges associated with the use of TSOACs is the lack of suitable agent-specific reversal agents. Several treatment options for the management of life-threatening bleeding events associated with TSOAC use, such as fresh frozen plasma, prothrombin complex concentrates, and recombinant coagulation factor VIIa, have been used, with inconsistent results. Currently, two potential reversal agents for oral direct factor Xa inhibitors (andexanet alfa and ciraparantag) are at various stages of clinical development. Idarucizumab, a reversal agent for the oral direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, was approved by FDA in October 2015. Idarucizumab and andexanet alfa have been reported to produce anticoagulation reversal effects within minutes of administration. Ciraparantag was demonstrated to decrease whole blood clotting time to within 10% of baseline values in 10 minutes or less, with a return to baseline hemostasis in 10–30 minutes. TSOAC reversal agents have been generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Conclusion Idarucizumab and other TSOAC reversal agents, such as andexanet alfa and ciraparantag, present the potential for consistent and effective treatment and management options when life-threatening or uncontrolled TSOAC-associated bleeding occurs or when emergency surgery is warranted in patients using TSOACs.
Transactivation of the estrogen receptor promoter by BRCA1.

Absence of the estrogen receptor-α (ER) is perhaps the most distinctive pathological feature of breast cancers arising in women who inherit a mutation in BRCA1. Two hypotheses, not necessarily mutually exclusive, exist in the literature that describe mechanisms of ER transcriptional repression in breast cancer. One hypothesis suggests that methylation of cytosine–guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) primarily mediates repression, while the other maintains that transcriptional control is mediated by certain positive and negative promoter elements. To determine if wild type BRCA1 could induce activity of the ER promoter, we performed a series of transient transfections with ER promoter segments linked to a luciferase reporter. The effect of BRCA1 on endogenous ER expression was evaluated by RNA analysis. Following cotransfection with a BRCA1 expression plasmid, we observed that ER promoter-driven luciferase activity was significantly increased in both MCF10A and IMEC cells (p < 0.005 and 0.0005 respectively, two-tailed t test). Specifically, the full length ER promoter construct showed approximately 5.6-fold (MCF10A) and tenfold (IMEC) increases in luciferase activity following BRCA1 transfection, compared with transfection with an empty expression plasmid (i.e. lacking BRCA1 sequence). We localized the ER promoter segment responsible for transactivation by BRCA1 to a 109 bp region containing an AP2γ homologous site. The work described here, along with previously published work, indicates that activity of certain transcriptional regulatory elements and CpG methylation both represent important mechanisms by which the ER gene is typically inactive in breast cancers associated with BRCA1 mutations. The absence of ER in these breast cancers has significant implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
Custom-Made Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty (Kyocera Expert 2)

This article describes a method for designing our custom cementless stem (Expert 2). The three-dimensional shape of the femoral canal is described by using CT data of a femoral axial scan. Our computer program decides the shape of an optimal-fit custom stem that can be inserted into the femoral canal. We have performed total hip replacements using this custom stem since 1997. Eighty-seven of the hips have reached 1 year or more after operation. The mean JOA score has been improved from 42 points preoperatively to 88 points the time of last follow-up. Short- term clinical results are considered to be successful.
Upper Ocean Heat and Freshwater Budgets

The distributions of upper ocean heat and fresh water (or salinity) have profound consequences on the atmosphere, including the weather and climate that influence many aspects of human societies. While their mean states are reasonably well described (or so we think), the difficulty of making high-accuracy measurements at high spatial and temporal resolution, uniformly distributed around the oceans, limits our knowledge of seasonal, and shorter, variations and constrains our ability to monitor changes over years and decades. This is more the case for salinity than for heat. The freshwater distribution influences the stability of the upper ocean, especially in polar regions. The increasing stability of the ocean at high latitudes associated with enhanced ice melt is believed to portend disruption to the global thermohaline circulation. Improvements in our ability to measure the heat and freshwater budgets and of the fluxes that control them, that will result from better remote sensing and in situ capabilities, will lead to a better understanding of the ocean, atmosphere, and climate system. This will be aided by the development of more realistic and more accurate numerical models capable of simulating the upper ocean and its interactions with the overlying atmosphere.
Perceptions of older women with cancer participating in an exercise programme: a mixed methods pilot study

Fourteen women over the age of 55 years with a history of cancer were followed during and after completion of a monitored exercise programme intended to improve body strength, functional performance, balance, activities of daily living and quality of life. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was employed. The quantitative strand utilised a quasi-experimental, pretest/posttest design. The qualitative strand involved individualised interviews 2–3 months following completion of the intervention. The main outcomes were (a) physical characteristics of participants; (b) resistive tests; (c) functional ability; (d) cancer-related fatigue and (e) quality of life. Both study strands indicated that all participants showed significant improvement in resistive tests, functional ability and activities of daily living. Though quantitative results of fatigue and quality of life were statistically nonsignificant, qualitative findings indicated clinically significant improvement.
West Fertilizer Company fire and explosion: A summary of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board report

Abstract Storage of fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate (FGAN) is common worldwide. The material is stable when stored at ambient temperatures. However, ammonium nitrate is explosive when exposed to higher temperatures and/or a shock wave source. The presence of even 0.2% carbon adds to the blast potential. This paper summarizes the key finding of an ammonium nitrate explosion that occurred at a FGAN storage facility on 17 April 2013 in West, Texas, USA. 15 people were killed including12 emergency responders who were fighting a fire that occurred on the property before the explosion. Over 260 were injured. The key lessons learned are reviewed and recommendations are offered below.
Chemoproteomics-Enabled Covalent Ligand Screening Reveals a Thioredoxin-Caspase 3 Interaction Disruptor That Impairs Breast Cancer Pathogenicity

Covalent ligand discovery is a promising strategy to develop small-molecule effectors against therapeutic targets. Recent studies have shown that dichlorotriazines are promising reactive scaffolds that preferentially react with lysines. Here, we have synthesized a series of dichlorotriazine-based covalent ligands and have screened this library to reveal small molecules that impair triple-negative breast cancer cell survival. Upon identifying a lead hit from this screen KEA1-97, we used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP)-based chemoproteomic platforms to identify that this compound targets lysine 72 of thioredoxin—a site previously shown to be important in protein interactions with caspase 3 to inhibit caspase 3 activity and suppress apoptosis. We show that KEA1-97 disrupts the interaction of thioredoxin with caspase 3, activates caspases, and induces apoptosis without affecting thioredoxin activity. Moreover, KEA1-97 impairs in vivo breast tumor xenograft growth. Our study showcases how the screening...
Central Potentials and the Hydrogen Atom

When the Hamiltonian function is invariant under rotations, we then expect eigenspaces of the corresponding Hamiltonian operator to carry representations of SO(3).