cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel Successive Transmit Beamforming Algorithms for MISO-OFDM Systems

In this paper, we focus on the design and evaluation of new transmit beamforming algorithms for the multiple-input single-output (MISO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In the MISO-OFDM systems, out transmit beamforming requires a huge amount of channel feedback, this is because the channel state information on each subcarrier has to be conveyed from the receiver to transmitter. In order to reduce the channel feedback requirement in the OFDM system, we take the time and frequency domain correlations of the channel fading into consideration. Based on our successive beamforming (SBF) technique, we develop several classes of feedback algorithms for the OFDM systems. These new algorithms use the knowledge from the previous frame or neighboring subcarrier to aid the beamforming codebook design for the current subcarrier. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithms require a small amount of channel feedback, yet they outperform the other existing finite rate OFDM beamformers.
Somatic symptom burden in adults with sickle cell disease predicts pain, depression, anxiety, health care utilization, and quality of life: the PiSCES project.

Objective Somatic symptoms have been extensively studied in primary care, but infrequently in diseases causing pain in multiple sites. We therefore examined the impact of somatic symptom burden (SSB) on pain, depression, anxiety, health-care utilization, and quality-of-life in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods Subjects were 230 adults in the prospective Pain in Sickle Cell Epidemiology Study (PiSCES). Baseline data included demographics, genotype, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), and SF-36 health-related quality of life (HRQOL). In daily diaries for 6 months, patients recorded SCD pain and SCD health-care utilization. To exclude common SCD pain sites, we abridged the PHQ's 15 somatic symptoms to 11 (PHQscd). We divided subjects into two groups: PHQscd ≥ 11 (high SSB), and PHQscd Results High SSB occurred in 18.3% of subjects and was more frequent in women than men (24.6% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.0033). Sixty percent of subjects with anxiety and 37.5% of those with depression had comorbid high SSB. Percentage of pain days not in crisis pain was significantly higher in somatizers, but crisis pain did not differ between groups. The high SSB group's hospitalization, scheduled doctor visits, and overall utilization, particularly on non-crisis days were significantly higher than the low SSB group's (p values Conclusions Even after excluding common SCD pain complaints, high somatic symptom burden was 1.5 to 2 times more prevalent in SCD patients than in primary care. High SSB in SCD predicts more non-crisis pain and healthcare utilization for pain, and is associated with depression, anxiety, and poorer HRQOL.
The Michelin Guide and Restaurant Pricing Strategies

Abstract This study reports the analysis of the price changes that occurred among randomly chosen French restaurants during the period of 1970–94. It discussed the relationship between these changes and the Michelin Guide restaurant ratings. The findings suggest that when the Michelin ratings increase or decrease for a particular restaurant, its prices reflect this change. Even two years before receiving a Michelin promotion, restaurants are observed to increase their prices relative to other restaurants. Most likely this is due to their incurring the extra expense of raising the quality of their fare and improving their amenities in the hope of qualifying for an increased Michelin rating.
Excess risk of temporomandibular disorder associated with cigarette smoking in young adults.

Abstract Evidence suggests that the effect of cigarette smoking on chronic pain is stronger in younger than older adults. This case-control study investigated whether age modified an effect of smoking on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in 299 females aged 18 to 60 years. It also investigated the extent to which this relationship was explained by psychological profile, inflammatory response, and allergy. Cases were defined using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders based on clinical examination. Psychological profile was evaluated using standardized instruments. Inflammatory response was evaluated with 11 cytokines isolated in plasma. History of allergy conditions was self-reported. Odds ratios (ORs) for the effect of smoking were calculated using binary logistic regression. Stratified analyses and the likelihood ratio test examined effect modification by smoking. Compared with nonsmokers, ever smokers aged P (effect modification) = .038). Adjustment for psychological profile, cytokines, and history of allergy-like conditions attenuated the effect by 45% to statistical nonsignificance. The main finding was reproduced with secondary analyses of 2 nationally representative surveys of adults conducted in the US and Australia. Perspective This study showed that smoking was associated with TMD risk in females, but only in young adulthood. It replicated this finding in 2 nationally representative surveys of females in the US and Australia. Findings may alert clinicians to recognize that smoking is a concern for TMD in younger female patients.
Adenosine transport by cultured glial cells from chick embryo brain

The transport of adenosine was studied in pure cultures of glial cells from chick embryo brain. In order to avoid complications in uptake measurements due to adenosine metabolism, cultures were depleted of ATP by incubation with cyanide and iodoacetate prior to addition of [3H]adenosine. Under the 5- to 25-s periods used for the transport assay, no adenosine metabolism could be detected. Initial rates of adenosine transport under these conditions obeyed the Michaelis-Menten relationship with Km = 370 μM and Vmax = 10.3 nmol/min/mg cell protein. ATP depletion or elimination of Na+ from the assay medium had no significant effect on initial rates of adenosine uptake. However, when assays were carried out under conditions of significant adenosine metabolism (10-min uptake in the absence of metabolic inhibitors), a high-affinity incorporation process could be demonstrated in the glial cells (Km = 12 μM; Vmax = 0.34 nmol/ min/mg protein). The transport activity expressed in ATP-depleted glial cells was most sensitive to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine, dipyridamole, and N6-benzyladenosine. In decreasing order of potency, N6-methyladenosine, 2-chloroadenosine, inosine, and thymidine also blocked adenosine translocation in glial cultures. Thus, adenosine transport by cultured glial cells occurs by means of a low-affinity, facilitated diffusion system which is similar to the nucleoside transporter in cells of nonneural origin.
Frequency-Dependent Relaxation Time in Electron–Impurity Systems

A general expression for the frequency-dependent conductivity of an electron-impurity system is derived by the method of generalized Langevin equation. The conductivity has the form of the classical Drude formula with complex frequency-dependent relaxation time derived from the correlation function of the random force. The correlation function of the total force is calculated in the Born approximation. The asymptotic long time behavior of this function indicates that its time integral has a plateau for times larger than the duration of a collision. This result and the absence of the exponential decay enables to define an approximate relaxation time from the total force correlation function calculated in the Born approximation. Es wird ein allgemeiner Ausdruck fur die frequenzabhangige Leitfaghigkeit eines Elektronen-Storstellen-Systems mit der Methode der verallgemeinerten Langevingleichung abgeleitet. Die Leitfahigkeit hat die Form der klassischen Drude-Formel mit komplexer, frequenzabhangiger Relaxationszeit, abgeleitet aus der Korrelationsfunktion der zufalligen Kraft. Die Korrelationsfunktion der Gesamtkraft wird in der Bornschen Naherung berechnet. Das asymptotische Langzeitverhalten dieser Funktion zeigt, das sein Zeitintegral ein Plateau fur Zeiten hat, die groser als die Dauer eines Stoses sind. Dieses Ergebnis und die Abwesenheit eines exponentiellen Abfalls erlaubt es, eine genaherte Relaxationszeit der totalen Kraft-Korrelationsfunktion, die in der Bornschen Naherung berechnet wurde, zu definieren.
woman as tribute, woman as flower: images of “woman” in weddings in north and south India

North Indian Rajput and south Indian Nattati Nadar weddings are compared to find the summary images of the bride in the two subcultures of the more general South Asian marriage system. “Woman as tribute” in contrast to “woman as flower” is revealed by such differences as the roles for relatives in the rituals, the severance and nonseverance of the bride from her kindred, and the cooling versus heating effects of preparatory baths. [women, India, comparative symbolic anthropology]
General resonance spectroscopy

Abstract We introduce a generalized definition of resonance which is applicable to systems without well-defined energies and derive an approximate expression for the shape of the resonance curves. We also provide an algorithm for modelling the dynamics of an experimental system using this generalized resonance function.
Partitioning of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants in water/NAPL systems: Effects of surfactant and NAPL properties

Surfactant-based remediation has received considerable attention as a potential technology for enhancing conventional pump-and-treat remediation processes for aquifers contaminated with organic nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs). In surfactant remediation, NAPL contaminants can be removed by two processes: solubilization and mobilization. Although these processes have been extensively studied, limited information is available regarding the partitioning of nonionic surfactants between aqueous and organic phases. Because surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that have a finite solubility in aqueous phases and NAPL, partitioning between the two phases is expected. The study presented here examines the effect of surfactant and NAPL properties on the partitioning of nonionic surfactants between different aqueous and nonaqueous phases using ethoxylated nonionic surfactants with different chemical structures and mixture distributions and NAPLs covering a wide range of NAPL/water interfacial tensions. In general, ...
Recent progress in electron-beam resists for advanced mask-making

Resists for advanced mask-making with high-voltage electron-beam writing tools have undergone dramatic changes over the last three decades. From PMMA and the other early chain-scission resists for micron dimensions to the aqueous-base-developable, dry-etchable chemically amplified systems being developed today, careful tuning of the chemistry and processing conditions of these resist systems has allowed the patterning of photomasks of increasing complexity containing increasingly finer features. Most recently, our research efforts have been focused on a low-activation-energy chemically amplified resist based on ketal-protected poly(hydroxystyrene). These ketal resist systems, or KRSs, have undergone a series of optimization and evaluation cycles in order to fine-tune their performance for advanced mask-fabrication applications using the 75-kV IBM EL4+ vector scan e-beam exposure system. The experiments have led to an optimized formulation, KRS-XE, that exhibits superior lithographic performance and has a high level of processing robustness. In addition, we describe advanced formulations of KRS-XE incorporating organometallic species, which have shown superior dry-etch resistance to novolak-based resists in the Cr etch process while maintaining excellent lithographic performance. Finally, current challenges facing the implementation of a chemically amplified resist in the photomask manufacturing process are outlined, along with current approaches being pursued to extend the capabilities of KRS technology.
Vortex pinning and slow creep in high-Jc?MgB2 thin films: a magnetic and transport study

We have investigated the pinning of vortices in high-Jc films of polycrystalline MgB2, by studying the dependence of current density J on electric field E using both magnetic and transport methods. Precursor films of amorphous boron, deposited on sapphire substrates, were converted to 0.6??m thick MgB2 by post-annealing in the presence of Mg vapour at 890??C for 1?h. In magnetic studies, a SQUID magnetometer was used conventionally to determine the induced current density by the Bean model. The decay of J with time t was determined unconventionally with the sample fixed in position, by monitoring the SQUID feedback voltage versus time. The logarithmic decay rate S = ?d ln(J)/d ln(t) was found to be very low in the H?T phase space away from the irreversibility line. Complementary four-probe transport studies of E(J) were analysed as a power law dependence of the form and used to obtain the corresponding creep rate S = 1/(n?1). Effective values for n approach and often significantly exceed 100. From these results, we estimate the effective energy U0 for vortex pinning, as a function of magnetizing field H.
The replication inhibition activity of the WT1 tumor suppressor protein resides in its N-terminal 298 amino acid region, and does not require specific binding of the protein to the replication origin sequence

Using the simian virus 40 replication origin as the model, it was reported previously that the Wilms' tumor suppressor protein WT1 can inhibit DNA replication. In the present study, we found that a hybrid protein (termed GAL4-WT1AE Z) consisting of the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor GAL4 fused in-frame with the N-terminal 298 amino acid (aa) transcriptional regulatory region of WT1 retained the ability to inhibit replication. The hybrid protein and the full-length WT1 inhibited replication without regard to the presence or absence of their binding sites in the replication origin region, indicating that inhibition of replication by the proteins does not require their specific binding to the origin region. The inhibition efficiency of the hybrid protein was the same as that of WT1, indicating that the replication inhibition activity resides in the N-terminal 298 aa region, and that the C-terminal zinc finger-containing DNA-binding domain of WT1 is functionally dispensable for this effect.
Use of failure mode and effects analysis for proactive identification of communication and handoff failures from organ procurement to transplantation

A multidisciplinary team from the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics transplant program used failure mode and effects analysis to proactively examine opportunities for communication and handoff failures across the continuum of care from organ procurement to transplantation. The team performed a modified failure mode and effects analysis that isolated the multiple linked, serial, and complex information exchanges occurring during the transplantation of one solid organ. Failure mode and effects analysis proved effective for engaging a diverse group of persons who had an investment in the outcome in analysis and discussion of opportunities to improve the system's resilience for avoiding errors during a time-pressured and complex process.
Mariner Mark II and the exploration of the solar system

Mariner Mark II is a concept for the next generatioon of deep-space missions. The project would provide limited, focused sets of Voyager- and Galileo-quality planetary observations at a fraction of the cost of the Voyager and Galileo projects. This article discusses Mariner Mark II's cost goals, scientific objectives, and mission requirements. Strategies for limiting costs include the use of a reconfigurable spacecraft, a multimission ground-support system, and selected new technologies.
Management of complex violent trauma to the upper urinary tract

Since abdominal and retroperitoneal trauma may endanger both the kidney and ureter, urologists are frequently called upon to evaluate an injured patient in the emergency department or in the operating room. In this setting, the suspicion of urological injury begins a clinical cascade of decision making and diagnostic testing. The recognized injury, if appropriately managed, usually heals without incident. The unrecognized injury may jeopardize the recovery of the trauma patient, such as the patient who has sustained an occult ureteral laceration and continues to have an ‘unexplained’ ileus or fever. Although urinary injury is not usually the sole compelling event in severe trauma, thoughtful consideration and treatment of renal and ureteral injuries, collectively referred to as upper urinary tract injuries, will help the surgeon to avoid troublesome management complications.As urological surgeons, we owe a debt to early pioneers in surgical traumatology who provided the groundwork for acute care managemen...
Antigen presenting cell function is enhanced in healthy elderly

Abstract Aging is associated with a progressive decline in T cell-mediated immune responses. Little is known about the effect of aging on antigen presenting cells (APC). We have recently reported an age-related decline in proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from elderly volunteers to Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). Since SEB-induced stimulation of T cells is not restricted by major histocompatibility complex, experiments were conducted in which T cells and APC from young and healthy elderly subjects were combined. We initially demonstrated the decreased SEB-induced proliferative capacity of elderly T cell–elderly APC co-cultures when compared with young T cell–young APC co-cultures. Combination of purified T cells from elderly donors with APC from young donors maintained a reduced T cell proliferative response. Age-related decline in T cell function was also established by the reduced proliferative capacity of elderly T cells co-cultured with a reference monocyte cell line. Surprisingly, co-culture of APC from healthy elderly donors with purified T cells from young donors enhanced T cell proliferation. APC from elderly donors also marginally enhanced the proliferative response of an SEB-specific T cell line.
Alternative method for fabricating chemically functionalized AFM tips: silane modification of HF-treated Si3N4 probes.

An alternative method for fabricating functionalized, atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips is presented. This technique is simple and requires only minimal preparation and tip modification to generate chemically sensitive probes that have a robust organic monolayer of flexible terminal chemistry attached to the surface. Specifically, commercially microfabricated Si3N4 AFM tips were modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of octadecyltrichlorosilane and (11-bromoundecyl)trichlorosilane after removing the native silicon oxide surface layer with concentrated hydrofluoric acid. The structure of these SAM films on solid silicon nitride surfaces was studied using contact angle goniometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Pull-off force measurements on various bare (mica, graphite, and silicon) and SAM-functionalized substrates confirm that mechanically robust, long-chain organic silane SAMs can be formed on HF-treated Si3N4 tips without the presence of an intervening oxide layer. Adhesion experi...
Evaluation of visual function in a case of traumatic leukoma and cataract.

Eight psychophysical tests were used to evaluate visual function in a patient with dense opacities of the cornea and lens. Hue discrimination, dark adaptation and increment thresholds yielded quantitative data on the extent of cone and rod function. After removal of the cataractous lens, visual field size could be determined by kinetic perimetry. With eye pursuit movement, profile and flicker perimetry, some information was also obtained on foveal performance and meridional distribution of visual sensitivity. These measurements were compared with results obtained after implantation of a keratoprosthesis. They show that psychophysical procedures can be useful in establishing the postoperative prognosis in patients with opaque optic media. Such tests, therefore, should be combined with objective methods of examination.
Energetic heterogeneity of the surface of a molecularly imprinted polymer studied by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract The influence of thermal annealing on the surface homogeneity of a polymer imprinted against l -phenylalanine anilide (LPA) was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the measurement of the adsorption isotherms. The isotherms obtained for LPA and for its enantiomer, d -phenylalanine anilide (DPA) were fitted to the Freundlich (F) equation which accounts for the energetic heterogeneity of the surface with a separate parameter. Changes in the adsorptive properties of the polymer produced by thermal annealing were deduced by comparing the heterogeneity parameters given by the nonlinear regression. These changes were also illustrated by deriving the isosteric heats of adsorption as functions of the amounts adsorbed and by calculating the associated affinity distributions. This latter technique involves an application of the affinity spectrum (AS) combined with the F adsorption model. The plausibility and accuracy of the combination is discussed. It is shown that the derivation of the amplitudes of the affinity distributions from the F parameters is inaccurate, making difficult the proper estimate of the changes in the total population of adsorption sites. In contrast, the AS method gives correct estimates of the parameter that characterizes the slope of the affinity distributions. The results derived from the three sets of results (F model parameters, isosteric heats of adsorption, AS+F method) show consistently that annealing reduces the energetic heterogeneity of the polymer surface for both LPA and DPA. In practice, however, the improvement of the polymer performance in HPLC is relatively limited.
AgCu exchange equilibria between pyrargyrite, high-skinnerite, and polybasite solutions

A model is developed for the thermodynamic properties of pyrargyrite (Ag,Cu )3SbS3 and high-skinnerite (Cu, Ag )3SbS3 solid solutions over the temperature range 150–350°C. It makes explicit provision for AgCu exchange equilibria between pyrargyrite, high-skinnerite, and polybasite and for the presence of a miscibility gap between pyrargyrite and high-skinnerite. These features are constrained by 150–350°C AgCu exchange experiments (evacuated silica tubes; variable mass ratio) between pyrargyrite and polybasite and high-skinnerite and polybasite. AgCu exchange experiments between polybasite and equimolar mixtures of pyrargyrite and skinnerite are used to define the limbs of a miscibility gap between pyrargyrite and high-skinnerite. Explicit provision for site distortion resulting from the Cu+ for Ag+ substitution (or Ag+ for Cu+ substitution) is made by assuming that the standard state properties of the Ag-pyrargyrite and Cu-pyrargyrite endmembers are linearly dependent on the Cu/(Cu + Ag) ratio. Copper-substitution in pyrargyrite is shown to be asymmetric and substantially nonideal (W CuAgPyr = 21.0; WAgCuPyr = 11.0 ± 0.5 kJ/gfw). In contrast, substitution of Ag in high-skinnerite is strongly ordered (ΔdGs∗ = 10 ± 0.5 kJ/gfw) on two sites (2:1) (WCuAgA Skn = 12.0; WCuAgB Skn A = 9.0 ± 0.5 kJ/gfw). Finally, these equilibria are consistent with estimates of Gibbs energies of formation (from the simple sulfides) of a hypothetical Cu16Sb2S11 polybasite endmember of 15.00 kJ/gfw (400°C).
Redescription of Chydorus Pigroides Lilljeborg, 1900, and Allocation To Pleuroxus (Cladocera, Chydoridae)

[Die Art Chydorus pigroides, welche Lilljeborg der Gattung Chydorus zugeordnet hatte, wird hier in die Gattung Pleuroxus eingeordnet, weil die gefiederten Borsten des Unterrandes der Schale und auch die winzigen Borstchen am unteren-hinteren Winkel und an dem hinteren Rand der Schale entlang nur randstandig vorkommen, und das Tier im Querschnitt ziemlich zusammengedruckt aber nicht nach oben verbreitert ist. Die unterschiedlichen Merkmale schliessen ein: die grosse Zahl zusammengedrangter Borsten des unteren Randes der Schale, die auffallende halbmondformige Verdickung des Dorsalrandes des Postabdomens proximal zum Afterhocker, und den spitzen Fortsatz des Rostrums. Bis heute ist die Art nur an einer Stelle - einem Sumpf in Schweden - gefunden worden., Die Art Chydorus pigroides, welche Lilljeborg der Gattung Chydorus zugeordnet hatte, wird hier in die Gattung Pleuroxus eingeordnet, weil die gefiederten Borsten des Unterrandes der Schale und auch die winzigen Borstchen am unteren-hinteren Winkel und an dem hinteren Rand der Schale entlang nur randstandig vorkommen, und das Tier im Querschnitt ziemlich zusammengedruckt aber nicht nach oben verbreitert ist. Die unterschiedlichen Merkmale schliessen ein: die grosse Zahl zusammengedrangter Borsten des unteren Randes der Schale, die auffallende halbmondformige Verdickung des Dorsalrandes des Postabdomens proximal zum Afterhocker, und den spitzen Fortsatz des Rostrums. Bis heute ist die Art nur an einer Stelle - einem Sumpf in Schweden - gefunden worden.]
Effects of the Sex-Linked Dwarfing Gene (dw) on Growth and Reproduction in White Leghorn Hens

The influence of the dwarfing gene, dw, on growth and reproduction was determined by comparing 1) pure line and reciprocal cross dwarf and normal layers and 2) dwarf and normal full-sib sisters. In Experiment 1, two lines of chickens, the Oregon State University randombred dwarf Leghorn population (D) and Shaver Starcross "288" Leghorns (S), were mated within line and reciprocally to produce normal-sized (SS, SD) and dwarf (DS, DD) female progeny. All progeny were reared similarly until 18 weeks of age when birds were transferred to individual cages. At 18 weeks of age, half the pullets were fed a basal laying ration containing 15% protein while the remaining birds received the basal ration with .1% supplemental methionine. In Experiment 2, full-sib normal and dwarf sisters were obtained by mating hemizygous dwarf females to heterozygous males. Layers were reared in a similar manner to those in Experiment 1 with the exception that all layers received the basal ration with .1% methionine supplemented. Methionine supplementation in Experiment 1 significantly increased egg weights at 35 and 62 weeks of age for all lines and crosses but had no effect on other growth and reproductive traits. Genotype X diet interactions were not observed for any of the measured traits. Normal-sized layers had significantly heavier body weights and longer shank lengths than dwarf layers in both experiments. Dwarf hens in both experiments showed reduced egg production capabilities, although ages at sexual maturity were similar among phenotypes. Dwarf layers laid smaller eggs than normal-sized layers. There were no consistent differences in feed efficiency measures between normals and dwarfs.
An Iterative Aggregation Procedure for Markov Decision Processes

An iterative aggregation procedure is described for solving large scale, finite state, finite action Markov decision processes MDPs. At each iteration, an aggregate master problem and a sequence of smaller subproblems are solved. The weights used to form the aggregate master problem are based on the estimates from the previous iteration. Each subproblem is a finite state, finite action MDP with a reduced state space and unequal row sums. Global convergence of the algorithm is proven under very weak assumptions. The proof relates this technique to other iterative methods that have been suggested for general linear programs.
An unusual complication after chordal sparing mitral valve replacement.

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;127:599-600 Miomir Dj. Jovic and Miroslav M. Jakovljevic Dusko G. Nezic, Milan M. Vukovic, Milan V. Cirkovic, Aleksandar M. Knezevic,An unusual complication after chordal sparing mitral valve replacement http://jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/127/2/599 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is
The Differential and the Sterne Formulae

Formula (53) is differentiated with respect to the elements, similar to the procedure on p. 47, and the auxiliary functions e and ζ from Equation (34) are introduced. The coefficients found contain some constant terms which can be combined. Write: $$\begin{gathered} g = d\gamma + e\cos \omega dK - Ke\sin \omega d\omega + K\cos \omega de, \hfill \\ p = - Kd\omega ,s = - Kde(1 - e^2 )^{ - 1/2} , \hfill \\ m = - Kd\mu /(1 - e^2 ),q = K\mu dT/(1 - e^2 ), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ the formula expressing the radial-velocity correction dV in terms of the element corrections becomes $$dV = g + \cos \left({v + \omega} \right)dK + \sin \left({v + \omega} \right)p + \varepsilon \sin \left({v + \omega} \right) + \zeta \sin \left({v + \omega} \right)q + \zeta \left({t - T} \right)\sin \left({v + \omega} \right)$$ (57) .
Constraints on extragalactic-jet characteristics from lobe observations

Very Large Array spectral and polarimetric observations of the lobes of luminous, double radio galaxies are discussed. These observations can provide information on the jets responsible for the sources. Spectral steepening is usually observed in the lobes, with the radio spectral index increasing with distance from the hot spot. These data can be used to infer a 'speed of separation' of the hot spot and lobe material. These speeds are in agreement with hydrocode models of jets. Polarimetric observations indicate that in at least some sources, there is an undectably small amount of internal Faraday rotation, indicating upper limits to the thermal-plasma density of a few times 10 to the -5th/cu cm or less. These measurements are also in agreement with the numerical beam models, provided that the beam density is substantially less than that of the background medium. It is concluded that the lobe observations indicate that these sources are powered by light, high-Mach-number beams.
Spawn: a distributed computational economy

The authors have designed and implemented an open, market-based computational system called Spawn. The Spawn system utilizes idle computational resources in a distributed network of heterogeneous computer workstations. It supports both coarse-grain concurrent applications and the remote execution of many independent tasks. Using concurrent Monte Carlo simulations as prototypical applications, the authors explore issues of fairness in resource distribution, currency as a form of priority, price equilibria, the dynamics of transients, and scaling to large systems. In addition to serving the practical goal of harnessing idle processor time in a computer network, Spawn has proven to be a valuable experimental workbench for studying computational markets and their dynamics. >
Generation and molecular characterization of new temperature-sensitive plasmids intended for genetic engineering of Pasteurellaceae.

Temperature-sensitive (TS) plasmids were generated through chemical mutagenesis of a derivative of the streptomycin resistance parent plasmid pD70, isolated from Mannheimia hemolytica serotype 1. Three TS plasmids which failed to replicate at or above 42°C in M. hemolytica but which were fully functional below 31°C were selected for further analysis. Two of the TS plasmids were shown by sequencing to possess unique single-base-pair mutations. The third TS plasmid contained a unique base pair substitution and a second mutation that had been previously identified. These mutations were clustered within a 200-bp region of the presumed plasmid origin of replication. Site-directed single-nucleotide substitutions were introduced into the wild-type pD70 origin of replication to confirm that mutations identified by sequencing had conferred thermoregulated replication. Deletion analysis on the wild-type pD70 plasmid replicon revealed that approximately 720 bp are necessary for plasmid maintenance. Replication of the TS plasmids was thermoregulated in Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus somnus as well. To consistently transform H. somnus with TS plasmid, in vitro DNA methylation with commercially available HhaI methyltransferase was necessary to protect against the organism's restriction enzyme HsoI (recognition sequence 5′-GCGC-3′) characterized herein.
What Computers Are Good For in the Literature Classroom

This summary essay comments on the contents of and issues raised by the special number of Computers and Humanities on Computers and the Teaching of Literature. It argues against the use of hypertextual resources without careful pedagogical understanding of the dangers they present of encouraging students to become passive consumers rather than active thinkers. It argues for the use of computer-mediated conversation, computer-modeling, and computer analyses of texts as appropriate applications in the literature classroom.
Dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)(1‐phenylthioethyl)iron

[77418-50-9] C15H14FeO2S (MW 314.18) InChI = 1S/C8H9S.C5H5.2CO.Fe/c1-2-9-8-6-4-3-5-7-8;1-2-4-5-3-1;2*1-2;/h2-7H,1H3;1-5H;;; InChIKey = XMDYVZQNLVOTRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (stable precursor of a cationic methylcarbene, or ethylidene, complex of iron; for conversion of alkenes into methyl-substituted cyclopropanes2) Physical Data: mp 59 °C. Solubility: sol most common solvents; methylene chloride is the solvent of choice. Form Supplied in: yellow crystals. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H and 13C NMR. Preparative Methods: the stable, crystalline, dinuclear complex [Cp(CO)2Fe]2 is reductively cleaved with sodium amalgam to generate a THF solution of the highly nucleophilic sodium ferrate, Na[Cp(CO)2Fe]. This species is immediately alkylated with 1-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide to give Cp(CO)2FeCH(Me)SPh, which is purified chromatographically to give the reagent as a yellow, crystalline solid (eq 1) which has been characterized spectroscopically.2 An alternative preparation employs the addition4 of methyllithium or methylmagnesium bromide to the stable, readily available, phenylthiocarbene complex Cp(CO)2Fe=CHSPh+ PF6−.5 (1) Purification: silica gel chromatography.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable indefinitely as a solid when protected from air; can be exposed to air for short periods of time (weighing, setting up reactions, etc.) without noticeable decomposition; decomposes in solution if exposed to air.
A Rapid Assay for Urinary Metabolites of Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)

Abstract The so-called “reverse metabolism” technique for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites through HI reduction to parent PAH fails for B[a]P. Most of the urinary metabolites of B[a]P are mercapturates. HCl hydrolysis of these similar cysteinyl conjugates derived from 9,10-epoxyphenanthrene yields the parent hydrocarbon. For the glutathione conjugates of B[a]P-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxide, HCl hydrolysis appears to give the tetraol. Thus, HCl hydrolysis of mercapturates and analysis of the corresponding PAH and their hydroxylated derivatives is a potential pathway to assess human exposure to PAH, such as B[a]P, in which mercapturates are dominant conjugates. This is in contrast to selected PAH such as pyrene where sulfates, glucuronides and free phenols dominate.
Antihypertensive Drug Class Interactions and Risk for Incident Diabetes: A Nested Case–Control Study

Background We aimed to determine how single and combination antihypertensive therapy alters risk for diabetes mellitus (DM).Thiazide diuretics (TD), β blockers (BB), and renin–angiotensin system blockers (RASB) impact DM risk while calcium channel blockers (CCB) are neutral. DM risk associated with combinations is unclear. Methods and Results We enrolled nondiabetic patients from Kaiser Permanente Northwest with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <126 mg/dL between 1997 and 2010. DM cases were defined by a FPG ≥126 mg/dL, random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥7.0%, or new DM prescription (index date). We used incidence density sampling to match 10 controls per case on the date of follow-up glucose test (to reduce detection bias), in addition to age and date of cohort entry. Exposure to antihypertensive class was assessed during the 30 days prior to index date. Our cohort contained 134 967 patients and had 412 604 glucose tests eligible for matching. A total of 9097 DM cases were matched to 90 495 controls (median age 51 years). Exposure to TD (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.68) or BB (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.28) was associated with an increased DM risk, while CCB and RASB exposure was not. TD+BB combination resulted in the fully combined diabetogenic risk of both agents (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.80 to 2.20; interaction OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.22). In contrast, combination of RASB with either TD or BB showed significant negative interactions, resulting in a smaller DM risk than TD or BB monotherapy. Conclusions Diabetogenic potential of combination therapy should be considered when prescribing antihypertensive therapy.
The determination of cerium on manganese dioxide

Abstract This paper recommends a simple and convenient procedure for the determination of cerium(III) on MnO2 without separation of Mn. Several reducing agents and optimum conditions of determination were studied.
In situ butanol recovery from Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentations by expanded bed adsorption

Although butanol is a promising biofuel, its fermentative production suffers from inhibition caused by end product toxicity. The in situ removal of butanol from cultures via expanded bed adsorption offers an effective strategy for mitigating the effects of product toxicity while eliminating the need to clarify cultures via microfiltration. The hydrophobic polymer resin Dowex Optipore L-493 was found to be both an effective butanol adsorbent and suitable for use in expanded bed adsorption. Recirculation rates through the adsorption column were strongly correlated with and ultimately controlled rates of butanol uptake from the media which, reaching as high as 41.1 g/L h, easily exceed those of its production in a typical fermentation. Vacuum application with vapor collection was found to be an effective means of adsorbent regeneration, with an average of 81% butanol recovery possible, with butanol concentrations in the cold trap reaching as high as 85.8 g/L. Integration of expanded bed adsorption with a fed-batch Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 fermentation and its continuous operation for 38.5 h enabled the net production (i.e., in solution and adsorbed) of butanol and total solvent products at up to 27.2 and 40.7 g/L of culture, respectively, representing 2.2- and 2.3-fold improvements over conventional batch culture. While adsorbent biofouling was found to be minimal, further investigation of biofouling in longer-term studies will provide useful and further insight regarding the robustness of the process strategy. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:68–78, 2014
Efficient and Scalable Retrieval Techniques for Global File Properties

Large-scale systems typically mount many different file systems with distinct performance characteristics and capacity. Applications must efficiently use this storage in order to realize their full performance potential. Users must take into account potential file replication throughout the storage hierarchy as well as contention in lower levels of the I/O system, and must consider communicating the results of file I/O between application processes to reduce file system accesses. Addressing these issues and optimizing file accesses requires detailed runtime knowledge of file system performance characteristics and the location(s) of files on them. In this paper, we propose Fast Global File Status (FGFS), a scalable mechanism to retrieve file information, such as its degree of distribution or replication and consistency. We use a novel node-local technique that turns expensive, non-scalable file system calls into simple string comparison operations. FGFS raises the namespace of a locally-defined file path to a global namespace with little or no file system calls to obtain global file properties efficiently. Our evaluation on a large multi-physics application shows that most FGFS file status queries on its executable and 848 shared library files complete in 272 milliseconds or faster at 32,768 MPI processes. Even the most expensive operation, which checks global file consistency, completes in under 7 seconds at this scale, an improvement of several orders of magnitude over the traditional checksum technique.
Moving the worksite health promotion profession forward: is the time right for requiring standards? A review of the literature.

Standards in any profession are adopted to assure that the individuals hired are adequately trained and the programs that they oversee are of the highest quality. Worksite health promotion should b...
Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Glycerol on Hemispheric Blood Flow and Metabolism in Patients With Acute Cerebral Infarction

The effects of intravenous infusion of 10% glycerol on regional blood flow and metabolism in infarcted hemispheres was investigated in 17 patients during the acute stage of stroke. Hemispheric blood flow (HBF) increased and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) and carbon dioxide production decreased. Glucose consumption remained constant and hemispheric respiratory quotient (HRQ) decreased. The electroencephalogram improved, and in the majority of patients neurological function also improved. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) did not change during infusion but decreased afterward, and no rebound occurred. Central venous pressure (CVP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) increased both during and after infusion. Intracerebral venous pressure (ICVP) increased during infusion. Mechanisms which may increase HBF following infusion of 10% glycerol are discussed. Expansion of the perivascular space by removal of edema fluid within the glia seems to be a primary factor causing increased HBF. Possible explanations for the measured effects of 10% glycerol on cerebral metabolism and brain function were considered. Inhibition of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (recoupling) appeared to be the most likely explanation for the improvement in brain function and metabolic changes induced with this hyperosmolar solution. The decrease in HRQ is best explained by oxidation of glycerol in the infarcted hemisphere. Intravenous infusion of glycerol appears to be a useful form of therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
A HALF-CENTURY OF COLD-REGIONS CONSTRUCTION

A review of construction practices in cold regions of the United States and Canada since 1925 reveals that, despite current emphasis on work in these areas, the industry has successfully completed a large number of projects under adverse cold conditions throughout this 50-yr period. Over 50 North American cold-regions projects are reviewed, including buildings, excavation, piling, roadway, bridge, dam, canal, and waterworks projects. Mention is made of cold weather construction practices in foreign countries, and a current project, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, is noted. /ASCE/
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization and clinical significance of 'Haemophilus quentini' isolated from the urinary tract of adult men.

‘Haemophilus quentini’ has been proposed as the name for a distinct and homogeneous Haemophilus genospecies associated with urogenital tract and neonatal-related infections. Reports of ‘H. quentini’ isolation from adult men are rare and the disease potential in this population is unknown. We report six cases where ‘H. quentini’ was isolated from the genito-urinary tract in males. The isolation of ‘H. quentini’ during routine urine and urethral culture in adult men may aid in the determination of unresolved urethritis and possible urinary tract infections.
Time management in the DoD high level architecture

Recently, a considerable amount of effort in the U.S. Department of Defense has been devoted to defining the High Level Architecture (HLA) for distributed simulations. This paper describes the time management component of the HLA that defines the means by which individual simulations (called federates) advance through time. Time management includes synchronization mechanisms to ensure event ordering when this is needed. The principal challenge of the time management structure is to support interoperability among federates using different local time management mechanisms such as that used in DIS, conservative and optimistic mechanisms developed in the parallel simulation community, and real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations.
Microbial Role in Witwatersrand Gold Deposition

The 2.4 billion–year–old Witwatersrand system in South Africa includes carbonaceous material closely associated with gold-bearing sand and conglomerates (Reimer, 1975). The environment of deposition is believed to have been a shallow-water alluvial fan, most likely covered with prokaryotic microbial mats (Zumberge, 1978). Microfossils of prokaryotes may be associated with the gold in these sediments. The opacity of the rock and the interference of ionizing radiation have made both thin-section and chemical studies of these microfossils difficult (Nagy, 1976).
Complementary experiments for hydraulic modeling of multi-box culverts

Culvert design must account for a large range of flow rates but most of the time culverts convey flows that are smaller than the design flow. Repeated high flows passing through the culverts lead t...
Hybrid aerial and aquatic locomotion in an at-scale robotic insect

Here we present a suite of theoretical, computational, and experimental studies culminating in the first aerial and aquatic capable insect-scale robot. We develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to model fluid-wing interaction in air and water. From CFD and a system dynamics analysis we predict that a multi-modal flapping strategy will enable locomotion in both air and water for a single device. We validate the CFD predictions by running at-scale, robotic wing-flapping experiments. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time a flying and swimming capable flapping-wing insect-like robot.
An Environmental History of Canaan Valley

Abstract Today's visitors to Canaan Valley know little about its former impenetrability and remoteness. Canaan Valley's colorful parade of historical events began with the arrival of pioneer settlers and was followed by establishment of logging camps and railroads, devastating wildfires, and later, the US Forest Service era of planting and conservation programs. Recently, the Canaan Valley Resort and Blackwater Falls were developed as lodging and recreational facilities to help make Canaan Valley a vacation destination.
Achievement motivation and cheating.

The Achievement Imagery Scale of Iowa Picture Interpretation Test was administered to 154 undergraduate students. When an opportunity for cheating on the examination was provided only 24 Ss cheated. The achievement motivation scores of cheaters and non-cheaters were not different. Proportionally there were more male cheaters than female. The non-cheaters received significantly higher grades than the cheaters. Achievement motivation was related to academic performance.
The osmium-silicon triple bond: synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of an osmium silylyne complex.

The first silylyne complex of a metal beyond group 6, [Cp*(iPr3P)(H)Os≡Si(Trip)][HB(C6F5)3], was prepared by a new synthetic route involving hydride abstraction from silicon. NMR and DFT computations support the presence of a silylyne ligand, and NBO and ETS-NOCV analysis revealed the nature of this Os–Si interaction as a triple bond consisting of a covalent σ bond and two strong π back-donations. The discovery of this complex allowed observations of the first cycloadditions involving a silylyne complex, and terminal alkynes are shown to react via C–H bond additions across the Os≡Si bond.