cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of SR141716A on G-protein activation in rat brain.

N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (SR141716A), a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, has inverse agonist effects in cannabinoid CB1 receptor-expressing cell lines, brain and peripheral organs. These studies characterized SR141716A-inhibited G-protein activity by measuring [35S]GTPγS binding. Maximal inhibition of basal [35S]GTPγS binding in cerebellar membranes was 50%. The EC50 value for inhibition of [35S]GTPγS binding was 4.4 μM, whereas the Ke for inhibition of R(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazinyl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate (WIN 55,212-2)-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding was 0.6 nM. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography was used to examine the regional specificity of SR141716A inhibition. SR141716A inhibited basal [35S]GTPγS binding in all regions examined, with inhibition ranging from approximately 20% in caudate-putamen to 40% in hippocampus. These studies demonstrate that SR141716A is a competitive antagonist at nanomolar concentrations, whereas it inhibits basal receptor-mediated G-protein activity at micromolar concentrations. These data suggest that the apparent inverse agonist effect is either not cannabinoid CB1 receptor-specific or that SR141716A is binding to different sites on the cannabinoid CB1 receptor to produce inverse agonist versus competitive antagonist effects.
Limited proteolysis of chloroplast fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase by subtilisin.

Summary Treatment of spinach chloroplast fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase with subtilisin results in a partial loss of enzyme activity measured at pH 8.3 as the consequence of a shift of the pH optimum of the enzyme to a more alkaline pH. The subtilisin-treated enzyme remains tetrameric, but sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that the native 44,000 molecular weight subunit is converted to a species of 40,000 molecular weight. Thus, although choloroplast fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is considered to be an enzyme very distinct from gluconeogenic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatases these results show a resemblance in their behavior towards subtilisin.
Finite Element Modeling of Matrix Synthesis and Binding Kinetics in a Biphasic-Solute Material

Living tissues and engineered tissue constructs undergo synthesis and degradation processes that alter their solid and solute content. To model such events, it is necessary to account for solid matrix deformation as well as mass exchanges with the solid. Equations of chemical kinetics, which can describe mass exchanges among constituents of a mixture, are generally formulated for fluid solutions only. Therefore the objective of this study is to implement a formulation of matrix synthesis and binding kinetics in the FEBio finite element framework (http://www.febio.org), using the biphasic-solute material consisting of a mixture of a solid, solvent and neutral solute [1].Copyright © 2012 by ASME
In the Blink of an I: On Delayed but Identical Subjective Reactions and Their Effect on Self-Interested Behavior

ABSTRACTPeople believe that they have shared an identical subjective experience—that they have I-shared—when they react identically and simultaneously to the same stimulus. Despite growing evidence for I-sharing, researchers have yet to ask whether simultaneity really makes a difference. We test the importance of simultaneity for I-sharing effects. Participants played prisoner’s dilemma with someone who shared their subjective self, their objective self, or neither. Some participants learned this information immediately; others, after a short delay. Time delay decreased cooperation in the subjective similarity condition, but not in the objective similarity or neither conditions. These findings underscore the importance of simultaneity for I-sharing effects and highlight the implications of I-sharing for cooperation and self-interested behavior.
In vivo patterns of circulating testosterone following castration and intramuscular testosterone propionate injections of adult male rats

In vivo patterns of circulating testosterone (T) were investigated in castrated and in intact male rats following a single intramuscular injection of 1mg testosterone propionate (TP). In addition, the in vivo clearance pattern of T was investigated following castration. The injection of TP into intact rats resulted in a rapid, statistically significant increase in circulating T which lasted for 12h and returned to normal by 24h post-injection. Circulating T decreased to nondetectable levels by 6h following orchiectomy. Injection of TP into castrated rats caused a rapid increase in circulating T which reached highest levels 60 min after administration. The concentrations of T in TP-treated orchiectomized rats remained elevated for 12h with a gradual decline which persisted for the experimental period of 6 days post-injection and provided moderate maintenance of sex accessory organ weights. TP injections increased circulating T levels in both groups of rats, but the magnitude of elevation was greater in intact animals where the normal T diurnal variations were disturbed. The elevation in circulating T persisted longer in the castrate-TP-treated animals than in intact animals, suggesting a difference in clearance, distribution and metabolism of T in orchiectomized rats.
Electrostatic Deposition of Polycations and Polyanions onto Cysteine Monolayers

Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the quartz crystal microbalance are used to monitor the deposition of polyelectrolytes onto an interface modified with a monolayer of cysteine. When using an anionic redox probe, Fe(CN)−46, the impedance of the cysteine modified electrode is a function of the solution pH; the charge-transfer resistance being higher at basic pH, and smaller under acidic conditions relative to the value found when the solution is buffered near the pI for cysteine. This behavior is consistent with the electrostatic interaction between the anionic redox probe and the net charge of the interface. After exposure of the cysteine-modified interface to 0.10 mol L−1 HCl solutions containing polystyrene sulfonate, the impedance of the modified interface increases. This behavior is consistent with the interface having a net negative charge, and suggests that the polyanion is confined to the interface. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements also show that 700 ± 20 ng of the PSS is deposited under the acidic conditions. After exposure to 0.10 mol L−1 NaOH solutions containing poly(diallyldimethyl)ammonium chloride, the impedance of the modified interface decreases, consistent with the electrostatic assembly of the polycation to the cysteine monolayer under these conditions. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements indicate that 770 ± 40 ng of the poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) are deposited under the basic conditions.
Trigonometric Approximations and Kolmogorov Widths of Anisotropic Besov Classes of Periodic Functions of Several Variables

We describe the Besov anisotropic spaces of periodic functions of several variables in terms of the decomposition representation and establish the exact-order estimates of the Kolmogorov widths and trigonometric approximations of functions from unit balls of these spaces in the spaces L q .
Large-scale restricted boltzmann machines on single GPU

Recent works on deep belief network (DBNs) have shown that applying large-scale unsupervised feature learning model can dramatically improve the performance of the applications in many fields. Training billions of parameters in these models such as restricted boltzmann machines (RBMs) appears to be computational challenging for modern CPUs. Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) has been employed in many large-scale deep learning models for performance enhancement due to its massively parallel computing capability. Unfortunately, the limited device memory of GPUs imposes a restriction on the size of the model trained on a single GPU. Multi-GPUs approaches, on the other hand, suffer from inefficient communication and economic cost. In this paper, we proposed a novel memory efficient algorithm on single GPU that can train large-scale RBMs without size restriction and preserve the performance gain of GPU parallel computation. Particularly, the experiments demonstrated that our approach used 75% less memory storage at the cost of only 10% performance loss in training large-scale RBMs with billions of parameters.
Existence and Fairness of Value Allocation without Convex Preferences

Abstract Shafer ( Econometrica , 48 (1980), 467–476) proved that in a finite exchange economy value allocations exist, provided that each agent has convex, complete, transitive, compact and monotone preferences. However, if preferences are not convex, then value allocations may not exist. To remedy this difficulty we enlarge the set of value allocations by introducing the concept of approximate value allocations, and show that in a finite exchange economy approximate value allocations exist, even if preferences are not convex, or compact, or monotone. This value existence result can be used to provide a very general value existence theorem for a sequence of finite economies. Further, we show that value allocations may discriminate in favor of or against a coalition of agents.
Approximate maximum likelihood estimation with data sets that exceed computer limits

Abstract A large number of observations is a delight for theoretical econometricians and statisticians. In practice, numerous observations can be a headache when the number exceeds computer limits. This paper provides a practical method of using all the observations regardless of computer core constraints. And, turning necessity to benefit, shows how the method can be used to determine the reliability of the norm approximation to the distribution of the estimator.
Evaluation of Several Issues Concerning Laser Beam Propagation Through the LIFE Target Chamber

Several potential issues concerning laser-beam propagation thorough the LIFE target chambers are addressed It is found that the absorption due to inverse Bremsstrahlung limits the gas density to approximately 2 μg/cc of xenon gas. This value is within the gas density estimated to be required to keep the first wall heating to an acceptable level.
Silver nanorod arrays for photocathode applications

We explore the use of plasmonic Ag nanorod arrays featuring enhanced photoemission as high-brightness photocathode material. Silver nanorod arrays are synthesized by the direct current electrodeposition method and their dimensionality, uniformity, crystallinity, and oxide/impurity content are characterized. The yielded arrays exhibit greatly enhanced two-photon photoemission under 400 nm femtosecond pulsed laser excitation. Plasmonic field enhancement in the array produces photoemission hot spots that are mapped using photoemission electron microscopy. The relative photoemission enhancement of nanorod hot spots relative to that of a flat Ag thin film is found to range between 102 and 3 × 103.
The Progress of Logwood Extract

Hematoxylin, C16H14O6, from the extract of logwood, crystallizes as a trihydrate with the water molecules inside helical channels. It was the first organic compound used to deliberately stain a salt crystal and as such played a central role in the general development of the subject of dyeing crystals. We discuss this development and, moreover, show that efforts to stain (NH4)H2PO4 crystals with hematoxylin in 1879 provided evidence of enantioselective crystal chemistry recognizable with the unaided eye. What motivated nineteenth century chemists to dye crystals? Why and how was hematoxylin selected as the first colorant, and what were the consequences of this selection? In order to answer these questions, we offer an integrated history of hema- toxylin. We trace logwood extract from the height of the Mayan civilization, through the development of the baconian scientific method, during the Atlantic slave trade, and in supramolecular stereochemical associations while dyeing crystals. Along this journey we endeavour to reflect upon the science and conscience of a stereochemist. Chirality 10:66-77, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preliminary observations on oral blood flow.

Summary Using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), the blood microcirculation of the masseter muscle was studied in one healthy male subject performing clenching and grinding of the teeth. LDF suggested that blood flow was increased during clenching, and that it did not change appreciably during grinding. In one female patient (acute pain from myofibrositic lesion in masseter muscle), LDF suggested that How within the lesion was increased during rest (postural position). In three healthy adults, subjected to simulated traumatic occlusion of the incisors, LDF suggested an absence of consistent changes in pulpal blood flow.
Assessing the impact of nimodipine devitrification in the ternary cosolvent system through quality by design approach

Nimodipine (NM) commercial formulation has been recalled due to drug crystallization in the product. Aim of present investigation was to systematically evaluate NM ternary cosolvents systems, characterize the crystallized drug and develop discriminating dissolution method that could detect the drug crystallization in the product. Mixture design was constructed using independent components namely water (X1), glycerin (X2) and polyethylene glycol 400 (X3, PEG-400). Nineteen formulations were developed using various level of cosolvents mixture while drug concentration was kept constant. The response selected was the drug crystallized in the formulations kept at four storage conditions 5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C and 25 °C/60% RH for four weeks. The crystallized drug was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), near infrared (NIR), NIR-chemical imaging and Raman spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy. Dissolution of formulation and modification was tested by USP method 2 in 0.25 and 0.50% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) aqueous media and run at 50 and 75 rpm. X1 promoted drug crystallization at all conditions of storage and reverse was true for X3. Characterization data indicated that the crystallized drug in most of the formulations were modification II, but a few formulations contained significant proportion of the modification I. Dissolution in 0.25% (w/v) SLS at 75 rpm was more discriminating in detecting the crystallization in the product compared to dissolution in 0.5% (w/v) SLS media. In summary, cosolvents system of NM was prone to crystallization depending upon the cosolvents composition and storage conditions. A more rational approach to develop NM formulation would entail a then through understanding of the causes of crystallization and their characterization in a variety of storage conditions.
Uranium Leaching from Contaminated Soil Utilizing Rhamnolipid, EDTA, and Citric Acid

Biosurfactants have recently gained attention as “green” agents that can be used to enhance the remediation of heavy metals and some organic matter in contaminated soils. The overall objective of this paper was to investigate rhamnolipid, a microbial produced biosurfactant, and its ability to leach uranium present in contaminated soil from an abandoned mine site. Soil samples were collected from two locations in northern Arizona: Cameron (site of open pit mining) and Leupp (control—no mining). The approach taken was to first determine the total uranium content in each soil using a hydrofluoric acid digestion, then comparing the amount of metal removed by rhamnolipid to other chelating agents EDTA and citric acid, and finally determining the amount of soluble metal in the soil matrix using a sequential extraction. Results suggested a complex system for metal removal from soil utilizing rhamnolipid. It was determined that rhamnolipid at a concentration of 150 μM was as effective as EDTA but not as effective as citric acid for the removal of soluble uranium. However, the rhamnolipid was only slightly better at removing uranium from the mining soil compared to a purified water control. Overall, this study demonstrated that rhamnolipid ability to remove uranium from contaminated soil is comparable to EDTA and to a lesser extent citric acid, but, for the soils investigated, it is not significantly better than a simple water wash.
Effects of temporal placement of response prevention on extinction of avoidance in rats.

Abstract Two experiments investigated the effects of prior extinction trials upon the effectiveness of response prevention procedures (flooding) in facilitating extinction of avoidance in rats. The results showed that both prior CS only extinction trials and response prevention independently hastened extinction and that response prevention is enhanced if prior extinction has already taken place. The results were interpreted as being consistent with a relaxation interpretation of extinction of avoidance behavior providing a ‘distraction’ or ‘attention shift’ factor is incorporated into theory.
Maternal and fetal cardiorespiratory responses to adenosine in sheep

OBJECTIVE: We determined the cardiorespiratory effects of maternal adenosine administration on the ewe and fetus. STUDY DESIGN: Adenosine was infused intravenously to five pregnant ewes as graded (25 to 400 µg/min per kilogram) and constant (200 µg/min per kilogram) infusions and as a single injection (200 µg/kg). Heart rate, arterial pressure, and arterial blood gases and pH were monitored in the ewe and fetus; the data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance with Duncan's test. RESULTS: Graded adenosine infusion produced a dose-dependent rise in maternal heart rate and hemoglobin concentration and a fall in diastolic and mean arterial pressures, effects that were maintained during 1 hour of constant infusion. Single injections transiently lowered diastolic pressure and induced a biphasic change in heart rate consisting of a bradycardia followed by a tachycardia with a return to control values. Adenosine administration to the ewe did not affect maternal arterial blood gases and systolic pressure nor alter fetal heart rate, arterial pressure, or arterial blood gases. CONCLUSION: Although adenosine causes cardiovascular changes in pregnant ewes, the effects are well tolerated and do not significantly affect the card iorespiratory status of the fetus.
Conformism and Agency: Model Young Communists and the Komsomol Press in the Later Khrushchev Years, 1961–1964

This essay examines newspaper narratives depicting model youth in Komsomol'skaya Pravda in the early 1960s in order to cast light on the Party-state's efforts in the Khrushchev years to use the press as a means of re-energising the drive to forge model communist citizens. In contrast to most studies of Soviet media, this study offers a glimpse of the reception of official signals, by drawing on sociological studies that Komsomol'skaya Pravda conducted of its readers in the early 1960s. Throughout, the paper explores recent scholarly discussions of resistance, conformism and agency in the Soviet context.
Microcomputer-assisted densitometer for quantitative receptor autoradiography.

Abstract We describe here a simple, inexpensive microcomputer-assisted densitometer for use with quantitative receptor autoradiography. The resolution of this system is approximately 100 μm. With this system, and an accompaning program DENSIT, it is relatively easy to convert density values of autoradiograms into molar quantities of bound ligand. The general design of the system and the logic of the DENSIT program are applicable to a variety of hardware systems.
Amplification and altered expression of the c-myc oncogene in A-MuLV-transformed fibroblasts

Amplification and altered expression of the c-myc oncogene in A-MuLV-transformed fibroblasts
Differences in the cataleptogenic actions of SCH23390 and selected classical neuroleptics.

In an attempt to understand the nature of the interactions between D1 and D2 dopamine subsystems as well as between dopamine and acetylcholine, catalepsy was assessed in rats following various drug treatments. The D1-specific antagonist SCH23390 (0.1 mg/kg) produced prompt, potent and brief ( 240 min) effects. The action of SCH23390 was synergistic with spiroperidol, inhibited by apomorphine or atropine, unaffected by mecamylamine, and markedly potentiated by pilocarpine. However, pilocarpine was unable to significantly potentiate the action of fluphenazine or spiroperidol. It is inferred that SCH23390 differs from the classical neuroleptics in its mechanism of cataleptogenicity, that there is a cholinergic link with the D1 dopamine system, and further, that there may be a difference in the nature or impact of the cholinergic interaction with the D1 and D2 dopamine systems.
Wind-Induced Internal Pressures of Buildings with Multiple Openings

Based on previous studies, it has been determined that internal pressures can contribute as much (or more) as the external pressures to the net pressures occasioned for low-rise buildings with a single dominant opening. However, the role of internal pressures, as experienced for cases with realistic geometry and multiple openings, is rarely investigated. As is known, low-rise buildings are susceptible to multiple- opening failures during strong windstorms, and the resulting changes in internal pressures are critical measures for tracking how the failure progresses from a localized level to a catastrophic level. Using the Wind Tunnel Laboratory located at Louisiana State University, by testing a typical 5:12 gable-roof residential-building model with 17 openings, a full picture of the internal pressure changes experienced during pro- gressive failure of multiple openings is obtained. The results indicated that (1) mean internal pressure coefficients estimated by two currently available, public hurricane-loss models werecloser to the minimum internal pressure coefficient measurements than themean internal pressure coefficient measurements at each stage of the multiple-opening failure; (2) ASCE guidelines underestimate the internal pressure for both par- tially enclosed and enclosed building types; and (3) Helmholtz resonance occurred near the theoretical resonance frequencies for two single opening cases for the current model with high damping. Based on these results, the flow resonance, dependent on the building geometry and the opening layout, should be considered to predict the potential wind-induced damage for low-rise buildings, and this is what is explored in this paper. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000464. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Internal pressure; Wind loads; Low-rise buildings; Aerodynamics; Openings. Author keywords: Internal pressure; Wind loads; Buildings; Low rise; Aerodynamics; Residential.
Bounded Tourism: Immigrant Politics, Consumption, and Traditions at Plaza Mexico

Conceived and owned by Korean investors, the shopping mall Plaza Mexico in Southern California embodies a unique case of invention and commodification of traditions for locally-bound immigrants and US citizens of Mexican descent, showing the force of the contemporary processes of deterritorialisation and reterritorilisation of identities and the recreations of imagined conceptions of homeland. The Plaza is a unique architectural recreation of Mexican regional and national icons that make its patrons feel ‘as if you were in Mexico’. Plaza Mexico produces a space of diasporic, bounded tourism, whereby venture capitalists opportunistically reinvent tradition within a structural context of constrained immigrant mobility. While most of the contemporary theory of tourism, travel and place emphasise the erosion of national boundaries and the fluidity of territories, the case of Plaza Mexico brings us to appreciate this phenomenon and its opposite as well – the strengthening of national borders and their impact o...
Some factors affecting isolation of tubercle bacilli from patients receiving chemotherapy.

SUMMARY 1.Sputum specimens from a series of patients receiving chemotherapy were collected under specified conditions, and carefully studied to determine factors affecting isolation of tubercle bacilli, as distinct from response to chemotherapy. 2.The period of collection of specimens affected results, in that more positive cultures were obtained from 24 hour than from 48 hour specimens. 3.Those collected after more than two but less than six months of chemotherapy showed significant suppression of growth from some specimens; this was not seen from specimens collected after longer periods of treatment. 4.The drug susceptibility of the organisms appeared to affect results: SM-resistant and PAS-resistant organisms showed little or no suppression; INH-resistant organisms showed some effect, and organisms completely susceptible to all three drugs were most markedly affected. 5.The particular drugs being currently administered showed a definite effect: PAS had the most marked suppressive action, INH some, but less, and SM little or none under the conditions tested.
What Happens After the Innovation Is Identified

Although the identification of efficacious and effective mental health treatments represents a potentially important synthesis of research literatures, such identification is but a first step in the transport of evidence-based treatments to field settings. Based on multidisciplinary research on the diffusion of innovation articulated by Rogers, this commentary briefly describes characteristics of the innovation and of the social system that may influence the adoption of mental health innovations.
Ecological Energetics of a Homeothermic Predator, The Short-Tailed Shrew

A detailed examination of the thermal and chemical energy fluxes of an individual predator is used in estimating seasonal energy transfer from prey populations to predator populations. The short—tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda, was selected as the predator because it is a homeotherm that is active during the entire year. Blarina has a combination of metabolic, insulative, and behavioral adaptations permitting survival through a wider range of environmental temperatures than usually occur in its typical habitat. Both insulative and metabolic modifications occur seasonally. Within the range of 0 degrees to 25 degrees C, Blarina metabolism is inversely porportional to ambient temperature. At any given ambient temperature heat loss is lower from winter shrews than from summer shrews. Winter shrews at winter temperatures have a higher metabolic rate than do summer shrews at summer temperatures. Blarina has a digestive efficiency of about 0.90, which is not affected by seasonal temperature changes. Changes in the thermal environnemt have a more pronounced effect on a shrew's energy requirement than do changes in the daily level of locomotor activity. Blarina's metabolic rate during normal exploring locomotor activity is approximately double that during sleep. Existing models of assimilation and heat transfer in animals were used as subsystem components in a deterministic model. The model estimated that the winter food requirement of the predator population is about 43% higher than the summer food requirement. A population of 20 Blarina in a 6.47—acre deciduous woodlot near Manotick, Ontario, would require only about 3% of the total prey energy base during the summer and about 37% of the prey energy base during the winter. The prey energy available per square meter of forest floor during the summer is estimated to be about eight times that available during the winter. A population of 20 adult Blarina should experience little difficulty in obtaining sufficient food both during summer and winter.
Role of delayed cellular apoptosis in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps

Abstract Rationale Epithelial proliferation and differentiation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Though polyps are reported to contain inflammatory cells which could play important roles, development of nasal polyposis is likely to involve several other factors. The role of epithelial cells is still uncertain. We hypothesized that delayed cellular apoptosis has a major role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Methods The study group comprised polyps removed endoscopically from 20 consecutive patients. Ethmoid mucosa from 4 patients who underwent orbital decompression for Graves' opthalmopathy was used as controls. Human subjects committee approved the study. Apoptosis in fixed polyp or tissue sections was assessed by labeling free 3'-hydroxyl groups of DNA using a Trevigen terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) peroxidase assay kit and counterstaining with hematoxylin. TUNEL-positive cells were counted within the epithelial layer of these tissue sections and were normalized to the length of the basement membrane. Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM. Differences were considered significant at a P value of less than .05. Results Overall, polyps contained significantly fewer apoptotic cells compared to controls (5.2 ± 4.4% vs 22.7 ± 5.6%; p Conclusions Delayed cellular apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps irrespective of etiology.
Molecular Imaging for Localized Prostate Cancer: Analysis of 2 Prospective Phase 0 Trials of PSMA Targeted Immuno-PET and -SPECT, and Implications for the Radiation Oncologist

Results: MUFgBx yielded a positive biopsy in 17 of 29 patients. G1 had a positive MUFgBx yield of 44.4% while G2 had a positive MUFgBx yield of 81.8%, which showed a trend toward significance (p Z 0.11). MUFgBx upgraded 2 of 9 patients on active surveillance from Gleason 6 to 7, which converted them to primary treatment. Overall, 5 patients had Gleason upgrade after MUFgBx. There were 9 of 12 patients who had positive MUFgBx prior to boost RT dose for in-house protocol. In total, there were 42 of 187 positive MUFgBx cores (22.5%). The yield of positive MUFgBx cores in Group 1 was 11% (nZ 109) and the yield for Group 2 was 38.5% (n Z 78). Conclusions: Our experience with prostate MUFgBx suggests that the method provides a novel tool for targeted assessment of dominant lesions on MP-MRI. Based on our single institution experience, the learning curve appears to be approximately 20 procedures. Our encouraging preliminary results suggest that the radiation oncology community should further investigate utilization of this technology in the management of active surveillance patients and in patients that may benefit from RT boost to dominant lesions. Author Disclosure: M.T. Scott: None. R. Stoyanova: None. M.C. Abramowitz: None. V.J. Casillas: None. A. Ishkanian: None. D. Kwon: None. C. Lynne: None. A. Pollack: None.
Effects of insulin on isolated rat mammary cell metabolism: glucose utilization and metabolite patterns.

Insulin stimulated productions of C02, lactose and lipid from glucose by isolated mammary cells incubated in vitro 2- to 3-fold. Casein synthesis was only slightly stimulated by insulin. Increasing glucose concentrations in the medium did not reduce insulin stimulation of CO2 and fatty acid productions but abolished insulin stimulation of glyceride glycerol synthesis. The contribution of the pentose phosphate pathway to glucose oxidation was enhanced by insulin as indicated by four separate methods of calculation. The data indicated that the triose phosphate isomerase reaction is in equilibrium in isolated mammary cells. Metabolite patterns in isolated mammary cells are similar to those observed in vivo when insulin is present. Calculated values of free nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides in isolated cells shifted toward a more reduced state when insulin was not added to incubation media. Changes in glucose-6-PO4 levels are discussed in relation to hexokinase activity. (Endocrinology 89: 1263, 1971)
Outreach programs beyond the immediate university community

Purpose – Librarians at Jacksonville State University's (JSU) Houston Cole Library believe that an understanding and working relationship with the public outside the immediate university community is vital to the survival and continued success of the University and its library. This paper seeks to determine this.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was distributed to 26 public libraries in the counties surrounding JSU to see how the University Library could better serve the community.Findings – The responses indicated that those living beyond the immediate community did in fact want the University Library to take a more active roll in the continuing education needs of the local public library's patrons and staff, in addition to their communities as a whole.Originality/value – Provides evidence of the importance of relationship management for the library community.
Respiratory adaptation in the highest inhabitants and highest Sherpa mountaineers.

Abstract Arterial blood gases, acid-base and hematocrit of six highest inhabitants on Aucanquilcha (5950 m) in Chile were studied. These blood gases were compared with the alveolar gases of highest mountain climbers in Nepal, Sherpas and acclimatized lowlanders, and on average high altitude natives in the Chilean and Peruvian Andres and in the Nepal Himalayas. The mean arterial P CO 2 (27.5 Torr) was lower than the standard sea level normal values, indicating a modest hypoxic hyperventilation. The mean arterial pH was 7.400, showing a complete renal compensation of respiratory alkalosis. The mean hematocrit (62%) and hemaglobin (20.7 g/dl) values were greater than the standard sea level values. These blood data showed that the highest inhabitants were acclimatized to hypoxia of their residential altitude. The respiratory gases showed less by hyperventilation in the highest inhabitants and Sherpa mountaineers of high altitudes relative to the acclimatized lowlanders. Also, the average high altitude natives in the Andes and Himalayas showed less hyperventilation compared to the acclimatized lowlanders. We conclude that the attenuated hyperventilation is an appropriate respiratory adaptation to high altitude hypoxia in the native high altitude residents, allowing them to conserve metabolic energy expended for hyperventilation and to use the ventilatory reserve for a better performance at greater altitudes.
Pulmonary Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma: Light and Electron Microscopic Studies of One Case

A malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) arising in the lungs of a 51-year-old man was studied by light and electron microscopy. Features observed were identical to those of MFHs which occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue and less commonly in other deep locations. By light microscopy, a storiform pattern with admixture of fibroblasts and histiocytes, as well as xanthomatous and giant cells, was noted. Undifferentiated tumor cells along with fibroblasts and histiocytes in different degrees of differentiation were identified ultrastructurally. These findings lend support to the concept that MFH is a sarcoma of primitive mesenchymal cell origin. The addition of the lung as another primary site for the development of this tumor is consistent with the view that MFHs may potentially arise in any part of the body.
Transoral Robotic-Assisted Lingual Tonsillectomy in the Pediatric Population

Importance Since technologic advances allow the use of robotic assistance in various surgical interventions performed to treat pediatric otolaryngology patients, the feasibility and outcomes of potential procedures must be assessed. Objective To assess the feasibility and outcomes of robotic-assisted lingual tonsillectomy in the pediatric population. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective medical record review in a tertiary care children’s hospital of 16 pediatric patients who underwent robotic-assisted lingual tonsillectomy from March 1, 2011, through December 31, 2012. Intervention All patients underwent robotic-assisted lingual tonsillectomy using the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc) at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Main Outcomes and Measures Demographic data, comorbidities, robot docking time, operative time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative course, including complications in the immediate and longer-term postoperative period, were collected and analyzed. Results All patients successfully underwent lingual tonsillectomy using the da Vinci Surgical System. Endotracheal intubation was performed in all patients and did not interfere with visualization of the oropharynx. Optimal retraction allowed visualization of pertinent structures and maximized transoral access. A significant learning curve from the first 5 surgical cases to subsequent cases with respect to robot docking time was observed (9 vs 3 minutes, respectively; P Conclusions and Relevance Technologic advances have allowed miniaturization of robotic instrumentation and have expanded the scope of surgical options for the pediatric airway. Robotic-assisted lingual tonsillectomy is well tolerated and can be performed in the pediatric population with excellent success. It should be considered a feasible option for implementation at an institution-based level.
Intermolecular interactions in cyanodimethylarsine and cyanodimethylstibine.

Cyano­di­methyl­arsine, [As(CH3)2(CN)], and cyano­di­methyl­stibine, [Sb(CH3)2(CN)], have closely related, but not isomorphous, crystal structures containing XCN⋯XCN⋯ chains. The N⋯As distance of 3.185 (3) A is slightly shorter than the expected van der Waals distance of 3.5 A, while the N⋯Sb distance of 2.862 (9) A, compared with the expected value of 3.7 A, is much shorter. This is consistent with Sb being a stronger Lewis acid than As.
Health and safety implications of alternative energy technologies. II. Solar

No energy technology is risk free when all aspects of its utilization are taken into account. Every energy technology has some attendant direct and indirect health and safety concerns. Solar technologies examined in this paper are wind, ocean thermal energy gradients, passive, photovoltaic, satellite power systems, low- and high-temperature collectors, and central power stations, as well as tidal power. For many of these technologies, insufficient historical data are available from which to assess the health risks and environmental impacts. However, their similarities to other projects make certain predictions possible. For example, anticipated problems in worker safety in constructing ocean thermal energy conversion systems will be similar to those associated with other large-scale construction projects, like deep-sea oil drilling platforms. Occupational hazards associated with photovoltaic plant operation would be those associated with normal electricity generation, although for workers involved in the actual production of photovoltaic materials, there is some concern for the toxic effects of the materials used, including silicon, cadmium, and gallium arsenide.
Trends in State Funded Preschool in the United States: Findings from 10 Years of Policy Surveys

An annual survey by the National Institute for Early Education Research has traced state pre-K policy change in the United States since 2001. Such programs are only one part of a system that also includes a large federal program (Head Start) and a large private sector. The last decade was one of large changes in enrollment, policies relating to access and quality, and expenditures. Not all of these chances were positive, and it appears that the Great Recession had substantial negative impacts. Major trends in state pre-K include large enrollment growth at age 4, while enrollment at age 3 changed little, universal adoption of comprehensive early learning standards and, modestly, in program quality standards. On the downside, state expenditure per child fell by more than $1,000 adjusting for inflation over 10 years. Some disadvantaged groups who might benefit most from high quality state pre-K have the least access, such as English language learners and Hispanic children. State policies show extreme variation, and the range increased over the decade. Some states moved to universal enrollment while others still have no program. State funding per child varies by almost $10,000 per pupil from highest to lowest. Surveys such as this are an important tool for understanding how policy varies over time and geopolitical boundaries as well as examining equity in access to quality.
A general construction for group-divisible designs

We describe a general recursive construction for group-divisible designs. As corollaries, we are able to obtain several well-known combinatorial constructions. For example, we obtain Wilson's fundamental construction, Wilson's construction for mutually orthogonal Latin squares, the Bose-Shrikhande-Parker construction for Latin squares, the PBD closure of mutually orthogonal Latin squares containing a common transversal, and an ''indirect'' construction for adding on subdesigns, which has been used by Brouwer and Mullin. Thus we unify many important recursive constructions for various types of combinatorial designs.
Calcium channels diversify their signaling portfolio.

Sensory neurons express sets of ion channels that contribute to pain transmission. A new study finds that a sensory neuron–specific exon encodes a molecular switch that recruits other signaling pathways to N-type Ca2+ channels.
Adaptive Linear Classifier by Linear Programming

A linear classifier based on linear programming which is adaptive to a change in the set of input vectors is discussed. Different from other linear classifiers, this one maintains the maximum reliability of its operation, provided that the set of pattern vectors is linearly separable. A procedure of deriving an optimum structure of the linear classifier for a change in the set of input vectors is a modification of the ordinary simplex method and yields an optimum structure in much fewer iterations than the straightforward application of the ordinary simplex method does. The adaptive procedure is then extended to the case in which a linear classifier maintains the minimum number of erroneously classified input vectors even if the set of input pattern vectors is not linearly separable. This is based on Gomory's algorithm for integer linear programming. The feasibility and efficiency of these linear classifiers are computationally proved by some examples.
Academic Medicine in the 21st Century

The achievements of academic medical centers in improving clinical care, advancing scientific discovery, and training the next generation of scientists and clinicians have been remarkable. But today, academic medicine is in great danger from shrinking support for each of its core missions—clinical care, research, and education. This unprecedented crisis also brings a unique opportunity for radical change in the culture, organization, and operation of academic medical centers.
Experimentations with TCP selective acknowledgment

This paper reports our experimentation results with TCP Selective Acknowledgments (TCP-Sack), which became an Internet Proposed Standard protocol recently. To understand the performance impact of TCP-Sack deployment, in this study we examined the following issues:• How much performance improvement TCP-Sack may bring over the current TCP implementation, TCP-Reno. We conducted experiments both on a lab testbed and over the Internet, under various conditions of link delay and losses.• In particular, how well TCP-Sack may perform over long delay paths that include satellite links.• What is the performance impact of TCP connections with Sack options on those connections without Sack when the two types running in parallel, if there is any.
Airborne exposure limits for chemical and biological warfare agents: Is everything set and clear?

Emergency response strategies (guidelines) for biological, chemical, nuclear, or radiological terrorist events should be based on scientifically established exposure limits for all the agents or materials involved. In the case of a radiological terrorist event, emergency response guidelines (ERG) have been worked out. In the case of a terrorist event with the use of chemical warfare (CW) agents the situation is not that clear, though the new guidelines and clean-up values are being generated based on re-evaluation of toxicological and risk data. For biological warfare (BW) agents, such guidelines do not yet exist. In this paper the current status of airborne exposure limits (AELs) for chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents are reviewed. Particular emphasis is put on BW agents that lack such data. An efficient, temporary solution to bridge the gap in experimental infectious data and to set provisional AELs for BW agents is suggested. It is based on mathematically generated risks of infection for BW agents grouped by their alleged ID50 values in three categories: with low, intermediate and high ID50 values.
Low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Summary Background There is some preliminary evidence to suggest that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are less frequently infected with Helicobacter pylori than the general population. Aim To examine whether the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is lower among IBD patients compared with non-IBD individuals based on results from surgical pathology. Methods From a database of surgical pathology reports, we recruited a sample of unique patients who underwent a same-day bidirectional gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies. Of the total 65 515 patients, 1061 served as cases with IBD and 64 451 as controls without IBD. The histological presence of H. pylori was correlated with the patients’ demographic characteristics and histological presence of any oesophageal disease, Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and indeterminate colitis (IND). Results were expressed as odds ratios (OR), using multivariate logistic regression to adjust for the cofounding influence of comorbidities and demographic characteristics. Results The presence of H. pylori was inversely associated with IBD, the adjusted OR and their 95% confidence intervals being 0.48 (0.27–0.79) for CD, 0.59 (0.39–0.84) for UC and 0.43 (0.15–0.95) for IND. In contradistinction, H. pylori – negative gastritis was positively associated with IBD, the adjusted OR being 11.06 (7.98–15.02) for CD, 2.25 (1.31–3.60) for UC and 6.91 (3.50–12.30) for IND. Conclusions Our study confirms an inverse association between H. pylori and IBD and a positive association between the H. pylori – negative gastritis and IBD. These relationships may open new avenues to study the pathogenesis of IBD.
Über die Beeinflussung oxydischer Katalysatoren durch Zuschläge. Die Oxydation des Kohlenoxyds an Silber/Chrom-Oxydmischkatalysatoren†

Die katalytische Oxydation des Kohlenoxyds wurde an Silber/Chrom-Oxydmischungen verschiedener Darstellungsart und Vorerhitzung untersucht. Die Mischkatalysatoren zeichnen sich gegenuber den Komponenten durch erhohte Aktivitat und wesentlich herabgesetzte Aktivierungsenergien aus. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit fruheren Untersuchungen uber andere Oxydmischungen besprochen; die beobachtete gute Wirksamkeit der Mischkatalysatoren wird insbesondere unter Berucksichtigung der Bindungsfestigkeit des Sauerstoffs in diesen Oxyden diskutiert.
Phosphorylation of pyridoxine by Escherichia coli B.

THE recent demonstration of a pyridoxine phosphate oxidase in extracts of Escherichia coli1,2 and the accumulation of pyridoxine phosphate by a mutant of this organism blocked in this step3 suggests that this oxidation is the ultimate step (A) in the biosynthesis of pyridoxal phosphate. If this is true, the kinase step (B) may be expected to have greater specificity for pyridoxine than for pyridoxal. This communication reports the testing of this hypothesis.