cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women's rights and the Constitution

The revitalization of the Feminist Movement in the late 20th century led to the abandonment of most overt male bias in constitutional law. The Supreme Court replaced its old doctrines that accepted gender discrimination virtually without scrutiny with a rule that gender-based classification must bear a substantial relationship to an important purpose. The limited right to abortion recognized in Roe v. Wade [Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 413 (1973)] has survived 30 years of persistent efforts to negate it. Nevertheless, male bias remains entrenched in American law. Although law is no longer an exclusively male activity, legal rules originated in men's viewpoints and experiences. Examples of this kind of male bias include a concept of self-defense that does not fit the experience of domestic violence victims and child custody rulings that ignore the mother's role as primary caregiver. Unfortunately, constitutional doctrine remains impervious to this type of bias.
Professional Development for Teachers of Students with ADHD and Characteristics of ADHD

Inservice education has the potential to provide teachers with knowledge and skills that are necessary to manage challenging classroom behavior and improve academic and social/ emotional outcomes. To assess the effectiveness of 3 inservice programs that focused on knowledge, understanding, and/or functional-assessment interventions, we identified 49 educators of students with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 196 of their students. Three months after implementing all programs we found improved teachers' attitudes about and confidence in teaching students with ADHD and improved self-reported ability to provide accommodations. Our findings were documented differentially in a comparison of program type and by real changes in teaching practices and in ratings and observations of student behavior.
Evaluation of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Hydrangea macrophylla

Powdery mildew, Erysiphe polygoni DC, can be a significant problem on Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. in the landscape in late summer to fall and during greenhouse propagation or production of potted plants. Because very little information related to sources of resistance is available, 90 H. macrophylla cultivars were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew over a 3-year period. This included 69 H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla and 18 H. macrophylla ssp. serrata (Thunb.) Makino cultivars, along with three cultivars that are hybrids between the two subspecies. Significant differences among cultivars to powdery mildew were found in all three study years. Three cultivars, ‘Amagi Amacha’, ‘Shirofuji’ and ‘Veitchii’, were among the most resistant each year. ‘Diadem’, ‘Komachi’, and ‘Omacha’ were highly resistant in 2006 and 2008, but only moderately resistant in 2007. ‘Komachi’ and ‘Shirofuji’ were considered unsuitable for breeding purposes as they do not appear to produce fertile flowers. ‘Veitchii’ was the only member of H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla with a high level of powdery mildew resistance; while all other resistant cultivars were members of H. macrophylla ssp. serrata, not all members of this subspecies are resistant. Results of this study will be useful in breeding powdery mildew resistant H. macrophylla.
Managing the risky matter of business model innovation in the context of the airline industry

Global players habitually put forward resources aiming at worldwide exchanges (e.g., advances in technology, telecommunications and transportation) to commercialise products, services, processes or business models. Looking at dynamic business environments, we often observe that the development of innovative business models, alone, does not always promise improvements in overall productivity and operational efficiency. Organisations strive to create economic value for all interested parties through the inherent value of an innovative concept, which can be commercialised. Such concepts are often linked to sales revenues and company profitability and may also secure organisational access to new business niches. However, the launching of a business model could be a risky matter for corporations. To address this issue we propose a conceptual framework that views threats related to imitation from competitors, and the short life cycle of products, services or processes, as variables of the best risk function of business model innovation using the airline industry as the context of the study.
The Spinal Pathways Contributing to the Ascending Conduction and the Descending Modulation of Pain Sensations and Reactions

Recent advances in pain research have strongly implicated a variety of transmitters within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as modulators of conduction from peripheral nociceptors to ascending pathways (see Hammond, Chapter 15; Ruda, Chapter 7; Yaksh, Chapter 8; and several recent reviews including: Basbaum and Fields, 1984; La Motte and de Lanerolle, 1983; Light et ai, 1983; Schmauss and Yaksh, 1984; Westlund et al., 1984). These findings have supplemented and refined a wealth of anatomic and physiological information on synaptic interactions within the dorsal horn that are relevant to pain coding (see Willis, Chapter 11; Cervero, Chapter 9). The weakest link in this intense effort to understand the totality of influences on pain transmission within the spinal cord (Kerr, 1975b) has been the behavioral analysis of pain sensitivity in human patients and laboratory animals (primarily rats, cats, and monkeys).
Characteristics of colored dissolved organic material in first year landfast sea ice and the underlying water column in the Canadian Arctic in the early spring

Abstract The absorption of solar energy by colored dissolved organic material (CDOM) in Arctic surface waters during the springtime is increasingly recognized as having profound impacts on seasonal retreat of ice from the Arctic Ocean. This study observed the production of CDOM within first year landfast sea ice, its contribution to light absorption within the water column and its photoreactivity, at a location near Ellef Ringnes Island in the Canadian Archipelago during the spring of 2011. CDOM was the optically dominant component of non-water absorption, increasing the energy absorption and heating potential in the top 8 m by 30% over pure seawater. CDOM absorption within sea ice brine channels increased with solar-stimulated ice algae production. This ice algal mediated production of CDOM exceeded photooxidation rates, potentiating a net delivery of CDOM to the immediately underlying water column from brine channels in the ice. The rates of production and loss of CDOM in Arctic waters during the early spring quantified here will help constrain a major uncertainty in modeling light absorption by surface waters that contributes to sea ice loss in the Arctic.
Employee Monitoring: Evaluative Surveillance v. Privacy

In this paper I will address the tension between evaluative surveillance and privacy against the backdrop of the current explosion of information technology. More specifically, and after a brief analysis and justification of privacy rights, I will argue that knowledge of the different kinds of surveillance used at any given company should be made explicit to the employees. Moreover, there will be certain kinds of evaluative monitoring that violate privacy rights and should not be used in most cases. As we shall see, certain jobs may warrant a smaller domain of privacy. We should not conclude, however, that the arguments used in these cases are easily generalized.
National Minority Business Owners Surveys: Data Overview

The National Minority Business Owners Surveys' purpose is to explore minority entrepreneurship issues by examining business ownership patterns among African-American, Korean-American, and Mexican-American populations, and White populations. Download the slides at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper=1027955 Download the audio file at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper=1029984
A method for detection and estimation of penicillin in poliomyelitis vaccine.

SummaryA method is described for determining penicillin in poliomyelitis vaccine. This method consists of acidifying the vaccine, extracting the penicillin into diethyl ether, removal of ether by vacuum distillation and transfer of penicillin into a buffer. The penicillin is determined by standard paper chromatographic and bioautographic technics. This method is capable of detecting 0.001 unit of penicillin/ml finished vaccine.
Growth and mortality effects produced in the early chick embryo by antiserum.

SummaryUsing the described experimental conditions whole anti-chick embryo hamster serum placed in proximity to the pre-incubated chick embryo stops the development of these embryos at a time which corresponds to the time the embryo antigen was obtained. Even though the experimental factors are complex the experimental series differed sharply from the controls. The anti-embryo serum also produced anomalies and a high mortality in the treated series. These experiments show clearly that chick embryos contain distinctive antigenic materials which are related to the embryo's age. The instep order of the results in the recipient embryos points strongly to the development of qualitatively different protein complexes in the embryo concurrent with the embryo's growth
Experimental Study on Radiant Floor Heating System

Radiant floor heating systems have become popular due to their advantages over conventional heating systems in residential, commercial and industrial spaces. They are also used for snow and ice melting and turf conditioning applications. This paper presents a general study focuses on the design of radiant floor heating systems and investigates the effect of design parameters such as pipe spacing (ranging from 4 in. to 12 in.), pipe depth (ranging from 2.5 in. to 6.5 in.) and pipe temperature (45 °C, 65 °C and 85 °C) on the performance of radiant floor heating system embedded in different mediums (air, gravel and sand). The experimental results showed that a radiant heating system with pipes embedded at a shallow burial depth and placed closer together resulted with a more desired floor temperature distribution. The average floor temperature was also higher when the piping system was embedded in an air-filled space instead of a porous medium such as gravel or sand.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Caught in a Bad Romance? The Negative Effect of Normative Dating and Marital Ideologies on Women’s Bodies

A growing body of recent research has linked romantic relationships, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating. Exploring these linkages in the present study by using a broader framing than in previous research, we investigated the influence of normative romantic ideologies on college women’s bodies. Drawing on post-structural feminism, we examined effects of gendered dating and marital scripts and “singlism” (investing in romance as a primary life goal) on investment in thinness/appearance and disordered eating among 496 undergraduate women attending a large U.S. Southwestern university. We predicted that higher endorsement of romantic relationship ideologies will directly predict higher disordered eating as well as directly predict higher investment in thinness/appearance. We also predicted that investment in thinness/appearance will directly predict disordered eating. Using Structural Equation Modeling, our findings indicated that higher endorsement of normative romantic ideologies was associated with higher preoccupation with thinness/appearance and preoccupation with thinness was linked to higher disordered eating. Normative romantic ideologies were not directly related to disordered eating. Our findings indicate that underlying ideologies about normative romance are likely contributing to a desire to be thin/look attractive which, in turn, puts women at risk for disordered eating. We call attention to problematic normative heterosexual romantic ideologies and post-feminist sensibilities circulating within contemporary contexts.
Do natural amenities influence undergraduate student migration decisions

The primary objective of this paper is to examine the influence of natural amenities on student migration decisions using institution-level data from the National Center for Education Statistics’ Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. We surpass the scope of previous studies focused on natural amenities, which rely on a limited selection of state-level measures, by matching interpolated weather station- and county-level climate data to each post-secondary institution. Results suggest that students consider natural amenities in their migration to college decision and, in a number of cases, preferences for natural amenities vary based on origin state amenity conditions. Nonetheless, migration decisions are dominated by origin state educational opportunities and by proximity of the student’s origin state to the state of college attendance.
Generation of Microwave Capillary Argon Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure

A technique has been developed to generate stable Ar plasmas at atmospheric pressure inside of a quartz capillary tube. The microwave plasma in the capillary tube is produced by utilizing a single mode resonant circular cavity applicator with 2.45 GHz frequency excitation. The plasma can be confined or fully exposed outside the cavity as plasma jets depending on the operating conditions. The profile of the plasma front has been characterized as a conical tip or split branching jet plume. The measured discharge length and the power density of the plasma range from 6 to 10 cm and 35 to 75 W $\cdot $ cm $^{-3}$ , respectively. Addition of CH4 into the Ar plasma results in an increase in the abundances of excited CN and C2 carbon radicals and a concomitant decrease in the intensity of the Ar emission.
Kallistatin levels in HIV-infected patients and effects of statin therapy

AbstractBackground: Kallistatin, a serine proteinase inhibitor, has vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties and is increased in other inflammatory conditions. We measured kallistatin in HIV for the first time, examined its relationship with inflammation, and determined if statin therapy affected levels.Methods: Kallistatin levels were measured in subjects from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.Results: One hundred and thirty-five HIV-infected subjects were included. Kallistatin levels were 28.4 μg/mL at baseline and not affected by rosuvastatin. Levels were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6, fibrinogen and insulin resistance.Conclusions: Kallistatin levels were correlated with some markers of systemic inflammation and should be further explored in the HIV population.
Influence of the agricultural management practices on the yield and quality of poplar biomass (a 9-year study)

Abstract The aim of this work is to study the effect of different agricultural management on the yield and quality of two poplar biomass clones (AF2 and I-214 clones) in short rotation coppices (SRC), which were harvested using different alternatives (with and without cutting and sprouting after the first year), with two fertilisation doses and through three different 3-year rotation cycles. The plantation was established in 2006 in a marginal land at 1100 m above sea level in central-northern Spain. Yields were evaluated and biomass samples were analysed to determine the quality of the biomass for energy purposes. Biomass quality was estimated taking into account calorific value, volatile matter, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine contents, as well as the chemical composition and melting behaviour of their ashes. The highest yields, around 9 dry tons per hectare and year, were obtained in this marginal land during the first and second rotation cycles when plots received a supplementary fertilisation. Both clones (AF2 and I-214) provided similar yield and biomass quality. Plots where poplar was not harvested the first year (without cutting and sprouting after the first year) provided higher accumulated yields. Poplar biomass from SRC can be considered a suitable solid biofuel due to its appropriate ash melting behaviour and its low content of nitrogen (0.44 wt-%), sulphur (0.03 wt-%) and chlorine (around 0.01 wt-%). No important significance effect on the poplar quality can be found depending on the additional fertilisation. Poplar quality varied as a function of root/stem age.
Combination immunotherapy for cancer

In this issue, Chapuis et al. describe the response of a single patient with metastatic melanoma to combination immunotherapy with anti-CTLA4 and adoptive T cell therapy (1). Although JEM usually discourages the submission of single case studies, the editors, like the authors, realized that this patient was unusual. He had previously been treated with anti-CTLA4 and adoptive T cell therapy administered as monotherapies, with only possible slowing of tumor growth with the former, and no response to the latter. The subsequent complete and durable clinical response to simultaneous treatment with these two modalities, therefore, allowed an argument to be made that their combination was responsible for the improved outcome.
A mechanistic model of bubble entrainment in turbulent free surface flows

Abstract A framework for the development of models of bubble entrainment in free surface turbulent flows is presented. The framework uses mechanistic processes to model the stages involved in the entrainment of bubbles due to interaction of turbulence with a free surface. Entrainment is modeled as a chain of events for a bubble that is formed at the free surface, then pulled into the fluid against buoyancy, and interacts with vortices that break it up into smaller bubbles, or with other bubbles by coalescence. The main entrainment mechanism is modeled as a vortex/free surface interaction process that can entrain bubbles if the vortices located a given distance from the surface are strong enough. This approach overcomes limitations of approaches where the entrainment is determined only by turbulence parameters, which in the case of objects interacting with a free surface entrain bubbles on the boundary layers irrespective of the distance to the free surface. Depending on the computational fluid dynamics approach used to solve the flow, these processes may need different levels of modeling; more resolved approaches like large-eddy simulation with a volume of fluid method of the free surface will require less modeling complexity than a less resolved RANS method, since some of the involved processes of entrainment are directly accounted for. In this paper a standard RANS approach is used with the free surface modeled using a single-phase level set method, and models are presented for each of the relevant processes to produce a complete mechanistic model of turbulent bubble entrainment. The model was calibrated and tested for two relevant problems: a 2D + T breaking wave in model scale, and the full scale bubbly flows around the US Navy Research Vessel Athena. For the second case a grid study is carried out to analyze grid convergence performance of the model. Comparisons with experimental data show that the model predicts well location and magnitude of entrainment.
Kinematics of accretionary shell growth, with examples from brachiopods and molluscs

A moving reference frame is introduced for the analysis of accretionary shell growth. Simple principles of motion and stepwise growth define the model. At each growth step, the aperture migrates from its present position to a new position, according to locally defined rules. The aperture becomes the focus of the analysis, mathematically and conceptually, in conformity with biological reality. Kinematic principles provide the analytical framework for describing the aperture's trajectory (kinematics is the study of motion). The aperture “translates,” “rotates,” and “dilates.” The model offers exceptional flexibility in the analysis of accretionary growth forms and is particularly well-suited to analysis of conical and loosely coiled shell geometries. Computer simulations illustrate the principles of a moving reference model. The inverse problem of finding the aperture motions from actual shell data is rigorously specified, for both planispiralled and helicospiralled shell forms.
Abstract 3349: Optimizing radioimmunotherapy techniques for the alpha-emitter 225Actinium

Introduction: Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a potent therapeutic technique that may be applicable to the treatment of numerous human cancers. Currently available RIT therapies employ beta- and alpha-emitting radionuclides. Alpha-emitters, such as 225Actinium (225Ac), have promising advantages over beta-emitters RIT such high linear energy transfer and independence of the tumor oxygenation status. RIT using 225Ac radionuclide directed by the monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab or panitumumab may provide effective, targeted antineoplastic effects. Methods: Antibodies trastuzumab to HER2/neu and panitumumab to EGFR were conjugated to the bifunctional ligands NETA, DOTA, DECA, DEPA and DETA. The conjugates were labeled with 225Ac at room temperature and 37°C. At selected time points, the mixture was analyzed by instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC). Radiolabeling reaction kinetics and yields were calculated for 225Ac and for its daughter isotopes 221Francium (221Fr) and 213Bismuth (213Bi) using the energy discrimination function of the multichannel analyzer in the gamma counter. Summary of the new data: Radiolabeling with Actinium was effective for several ligand-antibody combinations and completed within 30 min. Radiolabeling yields for 225Ac and it daughters 221Fr and 213Bi were most robust for NETA and DECA conjugates to trastuzumab and panitumumab, labeled at 37°C. Conclusion: Several novel ligands were evaluated for radiolabeling of monocloncal antibodies trastuzumab or panitumumab with 225Ac radionuclide and demonstrated fast kinetics of radiolabeling. Potential for targeted therapeutic applications will be explored in future experiments. Citation Format: Ricklie A. Julian, Chi Soo Kang, Xiang Sun, Hyun A. Song, Ekaterina Revskaya, Hyun-Soon Chong, Ekaterina Dadachova. Optimizing radioimmunotherapy techniques for the alpha-emitter 225Actinium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3349. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3349
Intraindividual variability in cortisol: Approaches, illustrations, and recommendations

Most of the variance in diurnal cortisol is attributable to intraindividual variability (IIV), defined as relatively short-term, reversible changes. Multiple methods for measuring IIV have been proposed, and some have already been applied to cortisol IIV. In the present review, measurement methods are described and applied to simulated cortisol data with known underlying differences in IIV and to real cortisol data from first-year law students. More slope variance and more residual or net variance were well captured by their individual standard deviations. Explorations of reliability suggested that 10 slopes and 50 residuals result in reliable and stable estimates of the individual standard deviations. A data-analytic plan for cortisol IIV is provided.
Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal, produced from the larvae of Hermetia illucens, has shown promise as a fish meal (FM) replacement in diets for rainbow trout, catfish and tilapia, but has not been examined as an alternative protein source in shrimp diets. Six isonitrogenous (35% crude protein, as fed) and isoenergetic (16.7kJ available energy g−1 of diet) diets containing graded levels of BSFL as replacements for protein from menhaden FM were fed to juvenile (1.24g±0.01; mean±SE) Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Diet 1 (the control) was formulated similar to a commercial shrimp diet containing 25% menhaden FM and 23% soybean meal. Diets 2–6 were formulated as a dose-response series that progressively replaced protein from menhaden FM with BSFL meal at inclusion rates of 7%, 14%, 21%, 28%, and 36% of diet; this equated to progressively replacing 16.5% of dietary protein provided by menhaden FM. Diets were fed to juvenile shrimp stocked into eighteen 110-L saltwater aquaria (30ppt) (three replicates per dietary treatment) at a density of 15 shrimp per aquarium (50/m2) for 63days. Nonlinear and spline regression analysis of responses indicated that the maximum level of BSFL meal inclusion varied significantly with the response being modeled. Generally, without modification of the ingredient or replacement diet nutrient profiles, 95% to 100% of most growth responses, i.e., shrimp final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and food conversion, could be obtained if replacement of FM by BSFL meal was limited to <25% of the diet, depending on performance measure. Similarly, 95% or greater of maximum whole-body protein and lipid content could be achieved when BSFL inclusion was restricted to <29% and 15%, respectively. Comparison of amino acid profiles in the test diets with recent requirement estimates for limiting amino acids in BSFL meal also suggest future strategies for increasing dietary substitution of FM with BSFL.
Use of analgesics and antibiotics in endodontics: current concepts.

In this review, the principal drugs used for prevention and treatment of pain--analgesics, and swelling--antibiotics, are examined. The rationale for prevention of pain and swelling is given. Then the specific drugs are considered. The analgesics evaluated include: the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, diflunisal); and the narcotics (e.g., codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, meperidine). The antibiotics evaluated include: the penicillins (e.g., penicillin V, ampicillin, methicillin); the cephalosporins (e.g., cephalexin, cefadroxil); the erythromycins (e.g., erythromycin stearate, erythromycin base); clindamycin; metronidazole; and some rarely used drugs (e.g., ciprofloxacin).
Thermo-mechanical assessment of full SiC/SiC composite cladding for LWR applications with sensitivity analysis

Abstract SiC/SiC composites are considered among leading candidates for accident tolerant fuel cladding in light water reactors. However, when SiC-based materials are exposed to neutron irradiation, they experience significant changes in dimensions and physical properties. Under a large heat flux application (i.e. fuel cladding), the non-uniform changes in the dimensions and physical properties will lead to build-up of stresses in the structure over the course of time. To ensure reliable and safe operation of such a structure it is important to assess its thermo-mechanical performance under in-reactor conditions of irradiation and elevated temperature. In this work, the foundation for 3D thermo-mechanical analysis of SiC/SiC cladding is put in place and a set of analyses with simplified boundary conditions has been performed. The analyses were carried out with two different codes that were benchmarked against one another and prior results in the literature. A constitutive model is constructed and solved numerically to predict the stress distribution and variation in the cladding under normal operating conditions. The dependence of dimensions and physical properties variation with irradiation and temperature has been incorporated. These robust models may now be modified to take into account the axial and circumferential variation in neutron and heat flux to fully account for 3D effects. The results from the simple analyses show the development of high tensile stresses especially in the circumferential and axial directions at the inner region of the cladding. Based on the results obtained, design guidelines are recommended. For lack of certainty in or tailor-ability for the physical and mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composite material a sensitivity analysis is conducted. The analysis results establish a precedence order of the properties based on the extent to which these properties influence the temperature and the stresses.
The Strong Cough: Is It a Signpost on the Road to Extubation or Just a Dead End?

In the field of medicine, success has been measured by patient survival. True victory, however, should be judged by the patient's liberation and independence from further medical intervention. This is particularly true in critical care medicine and the field's prototypical intervention: mechanical
Wafer Level Variability Improvement by Spatial Source/Drain Activation and Ion Implantation Super Scan for FinFET Technology

In this paper, CMOS wafer level ring oscillator frequency variability improvement >40% is demonstrated by either spatial source/drain activation or ion implantation super scan in FinFET technology. Yield improvement (up to 17%) is verified with better within wafer uniformity and with no intrinsic device performance degradation. Furthermore, the combination of super scan and spatial source/drain activation is suggested for optimized variability improvement benefits from individual device type uniformity tuning (super scan) and all device type uniformity tuning (from spatial S/D activation).
Angular vs. interstitial pregnancy: A case report highlighting diagnostic nuances with stark management differences.

Abstract Background In the literature, the terms “angular”, “interstitial” and “cornual” have often been inappropriately interchanged. The consequence is under-recognition of their differences as well as inaccurate imaging guidelines which do not reliably distinguish them as distinct entities. Angular pregnancies should be considered viable and may be managed to term. Case A woman at 7w5d was transferred for surgical management of a presumed interstitial ectopic pregnancy. Sonography and MRI confirmed an eccentric fundal pregnancy with a thin myometrial mantle of 2–5 mm; the diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy was favored. Upon laparoscopy, the round ligament was displaced lateral to the pregnancy bulge and the diagnosis of angular pregnancy was thus apparent. The pregnancy was continued to term and delivered via repeat cesarean section without incident. Conclusion Angular and interstitial pregnancies are different entities which cannot always be reliably distinguished via imaging alone. Diagnostic laparoscopy may be a final step in determining pregnancy location. Angular pregnancies should be considered potentially viable and may be managed to term.
How to Choose a Mentor

Mentors should be selected early in the mentee’s career. Mentees require multiple mentors throughout their careers. The selection process should be initiated by the mentee. The mentee must be well prepared for meetings with the prospective mentor and make appropriate follow-up. The mentee must be proactive to maintain mentoring relationships. Most mentoring relationships are transient.
Closure of Percutaneous Vascular Access

A variety of contemporary closure technologies expand the strategies available to the endovascular interventionalist for vascular access management. The currently available devices have consistently demonstrated the ability to shorten time to hemostasis and ambulation; decrease in access-site-related bleeding complications has not yet been convincingly shown. Careful observation of users’ instructions of individual devices and operators’ expertise in their use are likely the most critical determinants of clinical success in on-label indications. Further studies are needed to define clinical benefits in specific subsets and to clarify the cost-effectiveness of VCDs in real-life settings.
Implication of ligand modified spectra of cytochrome P-450 associated with pregnenolone synthesis in mitochondria from corpus luteum.

It is now well established that many reagents can modify the cytochrome P-450 spectrum. These modifications are produced. by the interaction of ligands with hemoprotein or the iron of the heme prosthetic group (13). The modified cytochrome P-450 difference spectra have been classified as Type I if the induced maximum in the Soret region is at 390 nm and the minimum at 420 nm, as reverse Type I if the positions of the maximum and minimum are reversed, and as Type II if the maximum and minimum are reversed and both shifted by 5 to 10 nm to the red end of the spectrum (12).
Alternative Food Movements

We review several alternative food movements (AFMs) that have emerged in response to changing food production during the twentieth century. The shift from small-scale, family-owned operations to massive, corporatized factories has resulted in concerns about human health, environmental degradation, and animal welfare; and it is around these issues that AFMs have emerged. The rise in AFMs seems to signal a growing desire for more personal connections between consumers and producers, and between producers and their products. Here, we discuss some of the established AFMs as well as newly emerging ones.
Basic Principles of Flow Cytometry

The concept of flow cytometry has been in existence for more than five decades. With the emergence of antibodies and fluorochrome chemistry and the advances in laser and computer technology, flow cytometry has become a powerful and indispensable tool for the diagnosis of hematopoietic and lymphoid disorders. Although limited, it can be also used for determining cell types of solid tissue neoplasms. Current flow cytometers have the capability of simultaneously measuring multiple parameters of individual cells in a cell suspension. Thus, a large number of cell specimens can be processed with a quick turnaround time. In addition, flow cytometry is also highly sensitive and can detect immunophenotype of cells in a specimen with thousands of cells. The parameters analyzed by flow cytometry include physical properties of cells; the size, cytoplasmic granularity, and amount of DNA contents; and cell antigens/markers (surface, cytoplasmic, and nuclear) that can be recognized by specific antibodies. By using appropriate antibody panels, flow cytometry can reveal the cell type (hematopoietic, lymphoid, or nonhematopoietic), cell lineage (B- and T cells, natural killer cells, myeloid/monocytic cells, neuro/neuroendocrine cells, and epithelial cells), cell maturation stage (precursors vs. matured cells), and B-cell clonality of expressing immunoglobulin light chains. Moreover, flow cytometry allows us to sort cells based on their distinct parameters for clinical and research purposes. In this chapter, we outline the basic principles of flow cytometry for understanding when flow cytometry will be helpful and how to interpret flow cytometric data for disease diagnosis. Importantly, flow cytometry analysis results must be correlated with clinical presentations and pathological findings for accurate diagnosis.
A Training Program for Families of Children with Autism

Work with families of children with autism is approximately 20 years old. It began in a context in which parents were seen as both partly responsible for their children’s condition and perhaps disturbed in their own way. At least three factors, however, provided momentum for the phenomenon of parent training or programs for families. One was criticism of the logic behind and weak empirical evidence for the psychogenic and sociogenic explanations of autism, i.e., that autism constituted the child’s defense against, or was the result of, a harsh, conflicting, unrewarding family environment. A number of researchers, including Ornitz (1967a, 1976b), Ornitz, Brown, Mason, and Putnam (1974), Reynolds, Newsom, and Lovaas (1974), Rimland (1964), and Schopler (1965) showed that many of the deviant behaviors and developmental abnormalities of autistic children were associated with and perhaps were accounted for by sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and neurological impairments for which their parents were not responsible. In addition, the work of DeMyer (1979), Eberhardy (1967), Farber (1959), Fowle (1968), Holroyd and McArthur (1976), Kozloff (1979), Schopler (1971), and Schopler and Loftin (1969a, 1969b), suggested not only that the blaming of parents for their children’s condition benefited those who developed and applied the psychogenic and sociogenic explanations, but that much of the anxiety and the apparently disordered behavior of the parents was a result of the painful, draining, and confusing experiences of the parents almost from the time their autistic child was born, not the least of which were experiences with professionals.
Self-Similar Interfacial Impedance of Electrodes in High Conductivity Media: II. Disk Electrodes

Electrode polarization effects were investigated using impedance spectroscopy measurements for planar and nanorod-structured gold disk electrodes at 100 Hz to 1 MHz frequency range and in 0.25 S/m to 1.5 S/m conductivity KCl solutions. Diameters of planar electrodes were varied from 50 μm to 2 mm to examine the effect of electrode size on impedance spectra. Normalizing the impedance magnitude with the spreading resistance and frequency with the characteristic time scale, all experimental data collapsed onto a universal curve, proving self-similarity. Experimental impedance results were compared well with that obtained from the numerical solution of Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations in axisymmetric domain. The influence of surface morphology was also investigated by generating cylindrical nanorods on a planar electrode. The 500 μm diameter electrode surface was covered with cylindrical nanorods with known height, diameter, and separation distance, which were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. ...
Cross-linked acrylic polymers from the aqueous phase of biomass pyrolysis oil and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil.

Development of cross-linked, soft polymeric materials from biomass has been a focus of research. The aqueous phase of biomass pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) has been used as a precursor for monomer synthe...
Identifying Children at Risk for Developmental Language Disorder Using a Brief, Whole-Classroom Screen.

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine whether parents of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) were aware of their children's language difficulties and whether a brief, class...
Neutron Transmutation Doping of Silicon Slices

A process for irradiating float zone crystal in slice form to reduce irradiation charges is described. Results indicate that breakage losses are a maximum of 8% and may be as low as 3%. In this process, wherein ingot identity is maintained, targeting precision and resistivity uniformity are equivalent to rod doped NTD crystals. Lifetime measured on 6mm slugs handled along with the slices are significantly lower than those observed on rods, but a 100 µ second minimum specification is still possible at resistivities above 25 ohm cm. Cosmetic stains on as-cut slices were observed, but techniques for avoiding them were devised. A qualitative cost comparison of the two doping methods is made.
The remarkable illusions of technology for social good

This is a forum for perspectives on designing for communities marginalized by economics, social status, infrastructure, or policies. It will discuss design methods, theoretical and conceptual contributions, and methodological engagements for underserved communities. --- Nithya Sambasivan, Editor
Early life undernutrition reduces maximum treadmill running capacity in adulthood in mice

Undernutrition during early life causes chronic disease with specific impairments to the heart and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of early life undernutrition on adult exercise capacity as a result of cardiac and skeletal muscle function. Pups were undernourished during gestation (GUN) or lactation (PUN) using a cross-fostering nutritive mouse model. At postnatal day 21, all mice were weaned and refed a control diet. At postnatal day 67, mice performed a maximal treadmill test. Echocardiography and Doppler blood flow analysis was performed at postnatal day 72, following which skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber type were determined. Maximal running capacity was reduced (diet: P = 0.0002) in GUN and PUN mice. Left ventricular mass (diet: P = 0.03) and posterior wall thickness during systole (diet × sex: P = 0.03) of GUN and PUN mice was reduced, causing PUN mice to have reduced (diet: P = 0.04) stroke volume. Heart rate of GUN mice showed a trend (diet: P = 0.07) towards greater resting values than other groups. PUN mice had greater CSA of soleus fibers. PUN had a reduced (diet: P = 0.03) proportion of type-IIX fibers in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and a greater (diet: P = 0.008) percentage of type-IIB fibers in the EDL. In conclusion, gestational and postnatal undernourishment impairs exercise capacity.
Immunological Deficiency Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the immunological deficiency disease. More than 20 types of deficiencies in immunity have been described, forming a complex pastiche of syndromes that superficially appear to fit no pattern. Immunodeficiency disease in man has, in its large panoply, provided insight into the factors that constitute resistance to infection and maintenance of health. Study of these syndromes has provoked investigation of the phylogeny of immunity, ontogenic investigation of the immune system, and has illumined the dissociation between cellular and humoral immunity. A clinical pattern has emerged for T-cell as opposed to B-cell defects. The complex genetic determinants of immune function and how they affect immunity in normal man and immunodeficient patients remains obscure and is in need of further investigation.
Communication interventions in adult and pediatric oncology: A scoping review and analysis of behavioral targets.

Background Improving communication requires that clinicians and patients change their behaviors. Interventions might be more successful if they incorporate principles from behavioral change theories. We aimed to determine which behavioral domains are targeted by communication interventions in oncology. Methods Systematic search of literature indexed in Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov (2000–October 2018) for intervention studies targeting communication behaviors of clinicians and/or patients in oncology. Two authors extracted the following information: population, number of participants, country, number of sites, intervention target, type and context, study design. All included studies were coded based on which behavioral domains were targeted, as defined by Theoretical Domains Framework. Findings Eighty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions varied widely in which behavioral domains were engaged. Knowledge and skills were engaged most frequently (85%, 75/88 and 73%, 64/88, respectively). Fewer than 5% of studies engaged social influences (3%, 3/88) or environmental context/resources (5%, 4/88). No studies engaged reinforcement. Overall, 7/12 behavioral domains were engaged by fewer than 30% of included studies. We identified methodological concerns in many studies. These 88 studies reported 188 different outcome measures, of which 156 measures were reported by individual studies. Conclusions Most communication interventions target few behavioral domains. Increased engagement of behavioral domains in future studies could support communication needs in feasible, specific, and sustainable ways. This study is limited by only including interventions that directly facilitated communication interactions, which excluded stand-alone educational interventions and decision-aids. Also, we applied stringent coding criteria to allow for reproducible, consistent coding, potentially leading to underrepresentation of behavioral domains.
Endovascular management of life threatening bleeding from a radiation induced internal iliac artery branch pseudoaneurysm

Among radiation induced arterial complications, stenoses and occlusions are commonly reported. Radiation induced pseudoaneurysms (PSA) and their management outcomes are rarely reported. A 48 year old male underwent low anterior resection surgery for a clinically staged T2N0M0 rectal adenocarcinoma and adjuvant chemoradiation for the findings of lymphovascular invasion and focally positive distal margin 2 years prior to current admission. The patient now presented with syncope and anemia. The patient was hypotensive after an episode of hematochezia during the hospital stay. An urgent sigmoidoscopy revealed bleeding from friable necrotic rectal mucosa with focal pulsations along the left posterolateral aspect of the rectal wall. An emergent pelvic angiogram revealed active extravasation from a 3 mm PSA from the anterior division of left internal iliac artery. After coil embolization of the affected vascular branch on either side of the neck of PSA, there was no opacification of PSA or extravasation. The patient remained asymptomatic for 3 years. Radiation induced PSA must be considered in the absence of trauma. Endovascular coil-embolization of radiation induced PSAs from small caliber vessels can be an effective treatment.
Near-field THz micropolarimetry

We introduce a method for rapid determination of anisotropic terahertz absorption with sub micron resolution and high spectral integrity in the terahertz range. The method is ideal for microscopic and environmentally sensitive materials such as 2-D materials and protein crystals where the anisotropic absorption is critical to understanding underlying physics. We introduce the idea of using an iso-response relationship between the THz polarization and electro optic probe polarization to enable stationary sample polarization measurements covering a full 2π polarization dependence measurement.
Pragmatic Solution for a Fully E, J-Resolved Master Equation

Including the effects of total angular momentum is essential to determine highly accurate pressure-dependent phenomenological rate coefficients when there are significant changes of rotational constants along the reaction coordinate. In this work, a deterministic (matrix) method has been used to solve a completely E,J-resolved two-dimensional master equation (2DME) for reaction systems that have many intermediates and many products. The practicality of the method is due to the need to obtain just a few eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors. Three examples are provided in order to test the performance of the implementation. It is found that the impact of rotational energy transfer via collisions on a loose transition state (TS) is more noticeable than a tight TS. The calculated results are then compared with those obtained from a recent fixed-J 2DME model.