cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow Disruptions Impacting the Surgeon During Cardiac Surgery: Defining the Boundaries of the Error Space

Abstract Background The aim of this investigation is to place surgical disruptions in a different light. Rather than viewing these disruptions as isolated events which may affect the surgical team, we represent them as an aggregated space which serves to disconnect the team from the task at hand. Furthermore, we make the case that by understanding this error space, one can begin to target interventions that reduce the boundaries of this space and as a consequence reduce the opportunity for errors to develop. Methods Trained doctoral-level human factors students observed 24 cardiac procedures for flow disruptions impacting the surgical team and recorded the frequency as well as time needed to resolve these events. Observations were later coded using a human factors taxonomy and descriptive statistics were applied. Results A total of 693 workflow disruptions were experienced by the surgical team where interruption issues accounted for the greatest frequency of events (32.61%). Of 139.06h of total observation time, 10.14h was needed to resolve the 693 disruptions identified. On average, each disruption took 61.99s to resolve. Conclusion While there is value in identifying the frequency of flow disruptions, this only addresses part of the problem. What is missing from analyses of this sort is the time that the healthcare professional is separated from their central task; in this case the surgeon performing thoracic surgery. This paper provides a conceptual and quantitative metric that allows for the practical application of proactive methods for identifying systemic threats.
Contribution of diet and physical activity to metabolic parameters among survivors of childhood leukemia.

9552 Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased risk for obesity, insulin resistance and increased visceral adiposity. A history of cranial radiation the...
Prefrontal Hemodynamics in Toddlers at Rest: A Pilot Study of Developmental Variability.

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive functional neuroimaging modality. Although it is amenable to use in infants and young children, there is a lack of fNIRS research within the toddler age range. In this study, we used fNIRS to measure cerebral hemodynamics in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in 18-36 months old toddlers (n=29) as part of a longitudinal study that enrolled typically-developing toddlers as well as those “at risk” for language and other delays based on presence of early language delays. In these toddlers, we explored two hemodynamic response indices during periods of rest during which time audiovisual children’s programming was presented. First, we investigate Lateralization Index, based on differences in oxy-hemoglobin saturation from left and right prefrontal cortex. Then, we measure oxygenation variability (OV) index, based on variability in oxygen saturation at frequencies attributed to cerebral autoregulation. Preliminary findings show that lower cognitive (including language) abilities are associated with fNIRS measures of both lower OV index and more extreme Lateralization index values. These preliminary findings show the feasibility of using fNIRS in toddlers, including those at risk for developmental delay, and lay the groundwork for future studies.
Nonmetallic Endofullerenes and the Endohedral Environment: Structure, Dynamics, and Spin Chemistry

Over the past two decades, nonmetallic endohedral fullerenes containing most of the noble gases and several small molecules have been prepared from C60 and a few other closed- and open-cage fullerenes and isolated in sufficient quantities and purity to be characterized by a variety of spectroscopic and other physical methods. Of particular interest has been determining the effects of encapsulation on the properties both of the cage and of the trapped atom or molecule. Nuclear magnetic resonance, which is independent of the optical properties of the fullerene or the medium, and often insensitive to impurities, has revealed many details of the structure and dynamics of the intracage environment. Low-temperature infrared spectroscopy at both long and short wavelengths, inelastic neutron scattering (INS), and low-temperature solid-state NMR have been used to study the coupled translation–rotation of H2 and H2O molecules trapped in C60. Special attention has been paid to detecting, enriching, and monitoring the stability of the para and ortho nuclear spin–rotational isomers of H2 and H2O in the endohedral environment with a view toward using the fullerene cage as a “bottle” for storing or releasing the isomers in condensed media under controlled conditions.
Screening and plasma oscillations in an electron gas in the hydrodynamic approximation

A hydrodynamic theory of screening in a generic electron gas of arbitrary dimensionality is given that encompasses all previously studied cases and clarifies the predictions of the many-body approach. We find that long-wavelength plasma oscillations are classical phenomena with quantum-mechanical effects playing no explicit role. The character of the oscillations is solely dictated by the dimensionality of the electron system and its equation of state in the neutral limit. Materials whose excitations are described by the Dirac dispersion law---such as doped graphene or a Weyl semimetal---are no exception to this rule.
Power Electronics in Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Systems

I am proudly presenting this special issue to the professional communities of the world. Power electronics is an extremely important element in modern smart grid and renewable energy systems. Basically, it uses high-efficiency switching power semiconductor devices to convert and control electrical power with the help of dc-to-dc, dc-to-ac, ac-to-dc, and ac-to-ac converters that are applied extensively in industrial, commercial, residential, transportation, aerospace, military, and utility systems. Power electronics plays significant role in modern industrial automation and high-efficiency energy systems that include renewable energy systems (such as wind and photovoltaic), bulk energy storage, electric and hybrid vehicles, and energy-efficiency improvement of electrical equipment. In modern electric power grid, power electronics is indispensable in high-voltage dc (HVDC) system, static VAR compensators (SVCs), flexible ac transmission system (FACTS)-based active and reactive power flow control, uninterruptible power system (UPS), fuel-cell-based energy system, etc. After a dynamic technology evolution for nearly five decades, power electronics has now grown possibly as the most important technology in the 21st century. Currently, most of our energy comes from fossil fuels and nuclear power plants. Fossil fuels cause environmental pollution that causes global warming or climate change problems. Nuclear energy is clean in that respect, but it has safety and radioactive waste disposal problems. For these reasons, the whole world is now turning toward renewable energy, where power electronics is an indispensable ingredient.
Outpatient elective posterior lumbar fusions appear to be safely considered for appropriately selected patients.

Abstract Background Context There has been growing interest in performing posterior lumbar fusions (PLFs) in the outpatient setting to optimize patient satisfaction and reduce cost. Although still done in only a small percentage of cases, this has been more possible because of advances in surgical techniques and anesthesia. However, data on the perioperative course of outpatient compared with inpatient PLF in a large sample size are scarce. Purpose This study aimed to compare perioperative complications between outpatient and inpatient PLF in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Study Design/Setting A retrospective cohort comparison study was carried out. Patient Sample Patients undergoing PLF with or without interbody fusion from the 2005 to 2015 NSQIP database comprised the sample. Outcome Measures Outcome measures were postoperative complications within 30 days and readmission within 30 days. Methods Patients who underwent PLF with or without interbody fusion were identified in the 2005–2015 NSQIP database. Outpatient procedures were defined as cases that had hospital length of stay (LOS)=0 days, whereas inpatient procedures were defined as LOS=1–30 days. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and procedural variables (inclusion of interbody fusion, instrumentation, and number of levels fused) were compared between the two cohorts. Propensity score-matched comparisons were then performed for postoperative complications and 30-day readmissions between the two groups. Results The current study included 360 outpatient and 36,610 inpatient PLF cases. After propensity matching to control potential confounding factors, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in postoperative adverse events other than significantly lower blood transfusions in the outpatient group (2.78% vs. 10.83%, p Conclusions Based on the lack of differences in rates of most perioperative complications and 30-day readmissions between the outpatient and inpatient cohorts, it seems that outpatient PLF may be appropriately considered for select patients. However, extremely careful patient selection should be exercised.
Competency Assessment in Virtual Reality-Based Simulation in Neurosurgical Training

As the development of virtual reality (VR) and simulation technologies have progressed, so has their incorporation into graduate medical education, especially within surgical specialties. The attention on duty-hour restrictions, the emphasis on patient safety, as well as the advancement of complex surgical techniques, all contribute to the increasing use and utility of virtual reality simulation in neurosurgical training. Additionally, residency programs have sought quantitative measures of competency to achieve the ACGME milestones, and simulation software generally provides detailed proficiency and performance reports for the user, which could be implemented as an evaluative tool throughout training. This brief chapter will overview developments in virtual reality simulation within neurosurgery and their competency-directed use in graduate medical education. Other chapters within this textbook will review specific technologies in more detail.
Lens Gap Junctions

In the avascular lens, cell survival and, therefore, lens transparency depend on direct exchange of water, ions, and other solutes between cells. This intercellular communication is achieved through channels contained in structures called gap junctions. Gap junction channels are formed of subunits from the connexin family of proteins. Recent studies suggest that lens connexins may have additional functions beyond intercellular communication. CX46 and CX50 are the predominant connexins in lens fiber cells. Mice that are deficient in either of these connexins and people or mice carrying mutations in these connexins develop cataracts. Acquired connexin abnormalities may also lead to cataracts.
Attitudes Towards Fluoride Supplementation: Survey of Pediatric Healthcare Providers in the State of Hawaii

Purpose: Hawaii has the lowest rate of community water fluoridation in the nation, resulting in poor oral health for children statewide. It thus falls to healthcare providers that see children to remedy this by prescribing fluoride supplements as per American Dental Association schedules and guiding parents in their daily usage. However, knowledge of actual practice and adherence on both provider and patient sides has never been studied. Thus, the purpose …
Using a Theatre Approach to Develop Professionalism in CLS Students

An increased interest in professionalism is identified as an important topic for the future of healthcare. Educators have an obligation to promote and evaluate students9 professional development as well as their knowledge and clinical skills. This study utilized a theatre approach, an innovative teaching strategy, to introduce essential attitudes and behaviors of professionalism to clinical laboratory science (CLS) students. Factors that guide professional behavior in the CLS profession were identified through focus groups of relevant stakeholders. A teaching module, consisting of six case scenarios mirroring real life situations in CLS, was developed based upon the identified professionalism factors. Trained actors produced and performed the scenarios, which incorporated both verbal and non-verbal forms of professional and unprofessional behaviors. Results indicate that a theatre approach is an effective teaching strategy to increase student awareness of professionalism. ABBREVIATIONS:ABIM-American Board of Internal Medicine, APTA-American Physical Therapy Association, ASCP-American Society of Clinical Pathologists, CLS-Clinical Laboratory Science, CLSs-Clinical Laboratory Scientists, IRB-Institutional Review Board, NAACLS-National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Heterozygous Mutation in RAF1 in Family With Neonatal Testicular Torsion

Abstract Objective To investigate a genetic cause of neonatal testicular torsion in 2 siblings and paternal cryptorchidism in a Caucasian family without history of consanguinity, we performed whole exome sequencing. Patients and Methods Targeted exon/whole-exome sequencing was performed in 2 siblings with testicular torsion. Potentially pathogenic variants passing filter criteria were validated with Sanger sequencing of parents to confirm familial segregation. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining for Raf-1, pERK (downstream from Raf-1) and c-Kit was performed on a testicular biopsy on the preserved testicle from the proband brother and compared with testicular biopsies from fertile men. Results A potentially pathogenic variant was identified in the RAF1 gene (serine/threonine-protein kinase) in exon 7 of chromosome 3: 12645786 G > C; both brothers and father were heterozygous for the variant, while the mother was negative for this mutation. This mutation in exon 7 (chr3:) of RAF1 is predicted to be damaging as a highly conserved splicing site is disrupted. The mutation is not found in the single nucleotide polymorphism database, the 1000 Genomes Project, ExACT, or esp6500. Immunofluorescence of the testis biopsy from one of the brothers demonstrated markedly decreased expression of Raf-1 as well as pERK but similar expression of c-kit when compared with fertile controls. Conclusion We identified a novel nonsynonymous mutation in RAF1 in n Caucasian family with testicular torsion and cryptorchidism. We present the first human evidence that the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is associated with testicular descent.
The EGFR Exon 19 Mutant L747-A750>P Exhibits Distinct Sensitivity to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Adenocarcinoma-Letter.

Purpose: EGFR exon 19 deletion (Ex19Del) mutations account for ~60% of lung cancer-associated EGFR mutations and include a heterogeneous group of mutations. Although they are associated with benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the relative inhibitor sensitivity of individual Ex19Del mutations is unknown. Experimental Design: We studied the TKI sensitivity and structural features of common EGFR Exon 19 deletion mutations and the consequences for patient outcomes on TKI treatment. Results: We found that the L747-A750>P mutation, which represents about 4% of all Ex19Del mutations, displays unique inhibitor selectivity. L747-A750>P differs from other Ex19Del mutations in not being suppressed completely by erlotinib or osimertinib, yet is completely inhibited by low doses of afatinib. The HCC4006 cell line (with the L747-A750>P mutation) exhibited increased sensitivity to afatinib over erlotinib and osimertinib, and computational modeling suggests explanations for this sensitivity pattern. Clinically, patients with EGFR L747-A750>P mutant tumors showed inferior outcomes when treated with erlotinib than patients with E746-A750 mutant tumors. Conclusions: These results highlight important differences between specific Ex19Del mutations that may be relevant for optimizing TKI choice for patients.
Racial Battle Fatigue: The Unspoken Burden of Black Women Faculty in LIS

African-American women faculty are told that contemporary educational and professional institutions, particularly at historically White institutions (HWIs), are places where they can succeed. Howev...
An Asymmetric Distribution with Zero Skewness

We give an example of an asymmetric distribution with zero skewness.Zero skewness is often taken to mean that the distribution is asymmetric. However, this is not correct. There exist asymmetric distributions that have zero third central moment. Here we give an example. First, we give the definition of a symmetric and an asymmetric distribution.
A Preliminary Analysis of Equivalence-Based Instruction to Train Instructors to Implement Discrete Trial Teaching

Methods to efficiently train instructors to implement evidence-based procedures with children diagnosed with developmental disabilities have been a prominent interest in educational and clinical settings. Behavioral skills training (BST) is frequently recommended and includes four components beginning with instruction. In most studies, the instruction component consists of giving the trainee the protocol for the procedure later to be trained. Recently, researchers have included more robust instructional components, which have produced acquisition without requiring the additional components of BST. The current study evaluated the use of equivalence-based instruction with embedded modeling to teach four instructors to implement discrete trial teaching. All instructors emitted class-consistent responding to untrained relations following equivalence-based instruction, and two participants demonstrated high levels of fidelity on discrete trial teaching probes. The remaining participants required a brief, three-trial model of DTT before mastery was observed on these probes. Our findings suggest that including a more robust instruction during BST may increase the efficiency of training instructors to conduct discrete trial teaching.
Coronary Artery and Right Ventricular Perforation Due to Mechanical CPR Trauma

AbstractMechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) devices provide consistent, high-quality CPR but have been associated with a risk of visceral organ injury. However, these devices are used wh...
1420 A Bibliometric Review of the Top Cited Articles in The History of the Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology

Study Objective Bibliometric analysis can identify impactful articles in a specialty's history as well as highlight areas upon which future research can expand. It has thus garnered interest across multiple specialties. Our purpose was to identify and characterize the most highly cited articles in the history of The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology (JMIG). Design We used the ISI Web of Science database to identify the most frequently cited articles published in JMIG between the years of 2005, when it was first published, to 2018. The top 100 most frequently cited articles were included in our analysis. The articles were then characterized by publication year, study design, specialty, country of origin, and topic. The topics were subdivided into the following categories: surgical techniques, education, urogynecology, endometriosis, reproductive surgery, abnormal uterine bleeding, leiomyomata, oncology, sterilization, and, surgical complications. Setting N/a Patients or Participants N/a Interventions N/a Measurements and Main Results A total of 2,727 articles were published by JMIG in this time frame. Of the top 100 articles, 47% were observational studies, 11% were new procedures/assays, and 11% were randomized control trials. 57% were from international authors. The most frequently cited topic was surgical techniques (30%), followed by surgical complications (17%) and endometriosis (11%). The mean citation number was 68.94. The median publication year of the top 100 articles was 2008. After 2008, the number of articles on surgical technique decreased (37% vs 26%) whereas the prevalence of those focusing on surgical complications increased (13% to 22%). Conclusion The majority of publications were observational studies, with a strong focus on surgical techniques. The number of articles on this topic decreased slightly after 2008, which also saw an increased focus on surgical complications. This data reiterates the leading role and global impact of JMIG in gynecological surgery.
“War with the Whitehouse”: Redefining the Enemy During the ACA Era

In this chapter I use archival data, interviews, and participant observation data to analyze the ways in which the enactment and implementation of the Affordable Care Act shaped the environment of opportunity, and thus the narrative practice and grassroots mobilization of the Single Payer Movement. I also discuss the intersection of the Single Payer Movement with other new social movements, such as the Tea Party, Occupy Wall Street, and Black Lives Matter. In this era, movement activity was more closely focused on “building the movement” in order to change the political context which was shaped by the Affordable Care Act.
Implicit and Explicit Childhood Financial Socialization: Protective Factors for Marital Financial Disagreements

Research to date has shown that childhood financial socialization is significantly associated with the financial attitudes and behaviors of children, youth, and adults. However, the extent to which childhood financial socialization is connected to marital outcomes remains largely unknown. Using data from 1,473 newly married couples who participated in a nationally representative study, we examined the relationship between childhood financial socialization and reported marital financial disagreements by utilizing actor-partner interdependence structural equation models (APIM SEM). Our results suggest that implicit (i.e. parental modeling) and explicit (i.e. direct conversations or experiential learning) financial socialization significantly and negatively relate to marital financial disagreements for both men and women. Further, having a spouse who was explicitly taught about finances is significantly and negatively associated with financial disagreements, independently of one’s own explicit financial socialization. These results highlight the importance of considering marital outcomes in the financial socialization literature and suggest that childhood financial socialization is a protective factor for marital financial disagreements.
Definition and introduction to epidemiology of obesity

Abstract Obesity is a global, complex, multifactorial, and generally preventable disease. The global prevalence of obesity has doubled in the past 40 years regardless of sex, age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Today, more than one-third of the world’s population is classified as obese or overweight. If this trend continues, researchers estimate that by 2030, this number will surpass 50%.
Reliability of homogeneous Sn-Bi and hybrid Sn-Bi/SAC BGAs

The low melting temperature solder is becoming a hot topic due to the energy-saving benefits during reflow, yet its reliability, as well as other properties like constitutive relations are not well understood. In this paper, homogeneous Sn42Bi58 packages along with homogeneous Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC305) packages and hybrid Sn42Bi58/SAC packages are assembled and tested. All these three different types of assemblies are put under the same thermal cycling condition to investigate their reliability. Based on the test results, the homogenous Sn-Bi assemblies exhibit best reliability performance during cycling test, homogenous SAC305 assemblies become second, and hybrid Sn-Bi/SAC assemblies show the least cycling resistance due to different failure mechanisms. The crack of both homogeneous assemblies initiated at the substrate side of the package. It will further propagate along the intermetallic layer with the proceeding of cycling. The hybrid assembly, on the other hand, will fail at the interface of SAC and Sn-Bi solder. Except for experiment results, the constitutive equation of Sn-Bi solder is also studied. Based on Garofalo model and creep test data, the constants of the solder are determined by curve fitting. With the help of such relationship, we are able to simulate the energy accumulation distribution of the solder. As a result, the fatigue life of each different type of assembly can be predicted by applying the accumulated energy to the fitted Darveaux and Syed model.
BodyWire-HCI: Enabling New Interaction Modalities by Communicating Strictly During Touch Using Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication

Communication during touch provides a seamless and natural way of interaction between humans and ambient intelligence. Current techniques that couple wireless transmission with touch detection suffer from the problem of selectivity and security, i.e., they cannot ensure communication only through direct touch and not through close proximity. We present BodyWire-HCI, which utilizes the human body as a wire-like communication channel, to enable human–computer interaction, that for the first time, demonstrates selective and physically secure communication strictly during touch. The signal leakage out of the body is minimized by utilizing a novel, low frequency Electro-QuasiStatic Human Body Communication (EQS-HBC) technique that enables interaction strictly when there is a conductive communication path between the transmitter and receiver through the human body. Design techniques such as capacitive termination and voltage mode operation are used to minimize the human body channel loss to operate at low frequencies and enable EQS-HBC. The demonstrations highlight the impact of BodyWire-HCI in enabling new human–machine interaction modalities for variety of application scenarios such as secure authentication (e.g., opening a door and pairing a smart device) and information exchange (e.g., payment, image, medical data, and personal profile transfer) through touch (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwrig2XQIH8).
Nostalgia: Triggers and its role on new product purchase intentions

Abstract This research investigates the motivational effect of nostalgia induced by aversive and threatening situations (e.g., COVID-19) on new product purchase intentions. Study 1 shows that perceived COVID severity induces feelings of nostalgia and that heightened nostalgia boosts purchase intentions for new products. We replicate the effect with nostalgia triggered by a different threat (i.e., social unrest) in Study 2. Further, by inducing nostalgia through a threatening personal situation (i.e., mortality salience, Study 3) and manipulating nostalgia directly (Study 4), we further generalize the link between nostalgia and new product purchase intentions beyond COVID-19. Our research offers both theoretical and practical implications.
Consistent Prevalence of Spondyloarthropathy Over 2300 Years: Ancient Egyptians and the Synchronic Baboon Catacomb

This review identifies the character of inflammatory arthritis in the Baboon Catacomb mummies, notes change in prevalence of the disease over the millennia and provides insight to ancient Egyptian animal husbandry. Examination was performed on (1) 80 Papio anubus from the Baboon Catacomb, (2) a group of twentieth century free-ranging baboons from Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania and (3) human skeletons from sympatric, synchronic Egyptian cemeteries. Spondyloarthropathy is recognized in Papio (baboons) on the basis of syndesmophytes, zygapophyseal joint fusion, appendicular joint subchondral erosions and reactive new bone formation. Vitamin D deficiency is recognized by bowed bones and angulation of epiphyseal-diaphyseal junctions; infection spondylitis, by draining sinuses and reactive new bone formation. Fulfillment of the above listed diagnostic criteria support the diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy in 6% of Catacomb baboons, indistinguishable in prevalence from the 3.8% in twentieth century Papio anubus and 2.3–4.4% of sympatric, synchronic Egyptian humans. Evidence of vitamin D deficiency was present in three-fifths of afflicted baboons. The prevalence of spondyloarthropathy remains indistinguishable across time and phylogeny (human and baboon), suggesting that the hygienic conditions under which the baboons were housed are equal to that of synchronic human inhabitants.
From modernism to postmodernism : American poetry and theory in the twentieth century

In this overview of twentieth-century American poetry, Jennifer Ashton examines the relationship between modernist and postmodernist American poetics. Ashton moves between the iconic figures of American modernism - Stein, Williams, Pound - and developments in contemporary American poetry to show how contemporary poetics, specially the school known as language poetry, have attempted to redefine the modernist legacy. She explores the complex currents of poetic and intellectual interest that connect contemporary poets with their modernist forebears. The works of poets such as Gertrude Stein and John Ashbery are explained and analysed in detail. This major account of the key themes in twentieth-century poetry and poetics develops important ways to read both modernist and postmodernist poetry through their similarities as well as their differences. It will be of interest to all working in American literature, to modernists, and to scholars of twentieth-century poetry.
Publish and Prosper: A Strategy Guide for Students and Researchers

Introduction .Part 1: Priorities. 1. Put First Things First. 2. Choose a Topic that Gets You Out of Bed in the Morning. 3. Set Concrete Production Goals that Will Motivate and Inspire You. 4. Delight in Deadlines. Part 2: Efficiency. 5. Speed up the Actual Writing Process. 6. The Snow Fort Principle: Manage Several Ongoing Projects. 7. Think "Hot Potato": Eliminate Wasted Time. 8. Find Good Colleagues and Become Everyone's Favorite Collaborator. Part 3: Pitfall Prevention. 9. Avoid Five Enemies from Within.10. Feed the Flame: Avoid Burnout. 11. Diminish Distractions. 12. Deal with Rejection. Part 4: PEP at Different Career Stages. 13. Set up a Productive Graduate Career (Especially for Undergraduates and for Professors Advising Undergraduates). 14. Switch From a Graduate Student Mentality to Professional Mentality. 15. The Graduate Student Guide for Being a Great Apprentice, Seeking Mentorship, and Becoming a Mentor. 16. Transition into your First Academic Position. 17. Mentor Students and Receive Mentorship-A Professor's Guide. 18. Teach Better in Less Time. 19. Serve as a Reviewer While Maintaining High Productivity. 20. Conclusion: Putting it All Together. Appendix A: Determining Your Strengths and Weaknesses: A Professional Self-Assessment. Appendix B: Time Diary. Appendix C: Recommended Reading List.
Growth, Distribution, and Inflation

As is well known, the warranted rate of capital accumulation is unstable. This rate is defined by the equality of aggregate demand, I/s (where 1/s is the multiplier), to aggregate supply, K/v (where 1/v is the productivity of the capital stock), and v is assumed constant, so that fixed coefficients prevail. Also there is either no, or Harrod-neutral, technical progress. Relative prices are assumed practically fixed, changing only slowly, with changes in the rate of profit. There is a given, initial money wage.
Dynamical Systems and Population Persistence

The mathematical theory of persistence answers questions such as which species, in a mathematical model of interacting species, will survive over the long term. It applies to infinite-dimensional as well as to finite-dimensional dynamical systems, and to discrete-time as well as to continuous-time semiflows. This monograph provides a self-contained treatment of persistence theory that is accessible to graduate students. The key results for deterministic autonomous systems are proved in full detail such as the acyclicity theorem and the tripartition of a global compact attractor. Suitable conditions are given for persistence to imply strong persistence even for nonautonomous semiflows, and time-heterogeneous persistence results are developed using so-called ""average Lyapunov functions"". Applications play a large role in the monograph from the beginning. These include ODE models such as an SEIRS infectious disease in a meta-population and discrete-time nonlinear matrix models of demographic dynamics. Entire chapters are devoted to infinite-dimensional examples including an SI epidemic model with variable infectivity, microbial growth in a tubular bioreactor, and an age-structured model of cells growing in a chemostat.
Chromosome and nuclei isolation with the MgSO4 procedure.

Publisher Summary MgSO 4 isolation procedure employs Mg 2+ to stabilize chromosomes in suspension. The procedures are used successfully to produce high-resolution flow karyotypes from a variety of cell types. Mitotic cells are swollen in a hypotonic buffer containing this stabilizing agent, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic (HEPES) acid as a buffer (pH 8.0) and dithiothreitol (DTT) as a reducing agent. This combination effectively reduces the number of chromosome clumps in the preparation. If propidium iodide (PI) is to be used as the DNA-specific stain, RNase is also added to the hypotonic buffer. It is essential that growth medium is completely removed from the mitotic cell pellet before the addition of isolation buffer. This ensures sufficient hypotonicity for cell swelling. Chromosomes are released to form a monodispersed suspension with less rigorous mechanical shearing and thus less chromosome damage. The chromosome suspension is stained with DNA-specific fluorochromes. The stains are to equilibrate with the chromosomes before analysis; chromomycin binding is considered complete after 1–2 hours. Chromosome resolution is greatly improved by the addition of 10 mM sodium citrate and 25 mM sodium sulfite at least 15 minutes before analysis. Chromosomes prepared with the MgSO 4 method are stored at 4°C for 24–48 hours before analysis.
Why Workers’ Rights Are Not Women’s Rights

“Why workers’ rights are not women’s rights” is an argument whose purpose is to make clear why workers’ rights rest on a masculine embodiment of the labor subject and it is this masculine embodiment which is at the center of employment contracts and employment relations systems. By excavating the gender subjects implicit to and explicit in regulations of labor, the paper reveals the opposition of paired terms, masculinity and femininity privileging production over reproduction and naturalizing gender-based power relations. The paper identifies various laboring activities associated with differential rights and responsibilities. An examination of the treatment of part-time employment and waged caring labor, framed in labor, welfare, immigration, and citizenship policies and practices, locates exclusions from labor standards and exemptions from entitlements due to eligibility requirements and thresholds that assume the masculine embodiment of the worker-citizen. Gendering the analysis illustrates how contemporary labor laws and conventions grant rights on the basis of, and to, a rather abstract conception of the prototypical worker-citizen. Its origins lie in what classical political economy labeled a capitalist logic, as well as the historical practices in which free class agents entered into contracts for continuous, full-time work free of care responsibilities outside of the wage/labor nexus. Thus, it is this particular abstract construction of the proto-typical worker which instantiates the separation of “rights to” from “responsibilities for”, and it is this separation that allows the masculine embodiment of the labor subject. Modes of regulation privileging rights over responsibilities will valorize the masculine worker-citizen whose rights derive from their participation in wage labor and simultaneously devalue the feminine worker who is directly connected to caring labor.
Early clearance of peripheral blood blasts predicts response to induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia

BACKGROUND: Early marrow blast clearance 14 days after induction chemotherapy is an independent prognostic indicator of outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between time to peripheral blood blast clearance after induction and disease status as assessed by day 14 and day 30 marrow biopsies in 162 patients with AML. Day 6 after induction was the optimal cutoff point determined by a receiver operating characteristic analysis and was selected to divide patients into early blast clearance (EBC; ≤6 days; n = 119) and delayed blast clearance (DBC; >6 days; n = 43) groups. RESULTS: DBC patients were older, but otherwise the 2 groups were comparable. Marrow blast clearance on day 14 after induction chemotherapy was observed in 84% of patients in the EBC group and 60% in the DBC group. With a median follow-up of 1538 days, both relapse-free survival (RFS) (442 vs 202 days, P = .0017) and overall survival (OS) (930 vs 429 days, P < .0001) were longer in the EBC group, and a multivariable analysis showed that EBC independently predicted clearance of marrow blasts at day 14 (P = .0018), remission (P = .0179), RFS (P = .0171), and OS (P = .0122). CONCLUSIONS: Early clearance of peripheral blood blasts after induction chemotherapy predicts for early marrow blast clearance, complete remission, RFS, and OS. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Power: Basics, Practical Problems, and Possible Solutions

The chapter gives a broad overview of power issues when testing hypotheses based on measures of location. Typically, power analyses are performed assuming normality and homoscedasticity (equal variances), and the goal is to determine an appropriate sample size, but it has long been known that violating these assumptions can render such analyses highly misleading. The chapter describes why and covers the most recent results regarding how these problems might be addressed. A theme of the paper is that a plethora of issues need to be considered when dealing with power. Keywords: biased tests; bootstrap; heteroscesdasticity; measures of location; non-normality; robust methods
The Drama of Prejudice

Abstract Students continue to graduate from social work programs with their negative attitudes and uneasy feelings about gays and lesbians eroded but still intact. The AIDS phenomenon has heightened their awareness but also their anxiety. Hoffman, Fierstein, and Kramer wrote AIDS plays early in the epidemic's history, and their voices, translated through their all-too-human fictional characters, speak out loud about living, loving, and dying. Structured classroom readings and discussions of these dramas challenge stereotypes of the Other, humanize personal and political struggles, and propel students to re-examine their own values and fears.
Parent–Child Conflict and Suicide Rumination in College Students: The Mediating Roles of Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety Sensitivity

Abstract Objective: Parent–child conflict, depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity have each been identified as risk factors for suicide ideation in college students. This study examined the relations among these risk factors and suicide rumination utilizing transition theory to guide the hypothesized relations. Participants: Undergraduate college students participated in this study in the spring of 2012 (January to May). Methods: Participants completed self-report measures of parent–child conflict, depressive symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, and suicide rumination, among other measures. Hypothesized pathways and mediation were tested using path analysis. Results: Suicide rumination was positively and uniquely predicted by depressive symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, and parent–child conflict. The relation between parent–child conflict and suicide rumination was, in part, accounted for by depressive symptoms and anxiety sensitivity. Conclusions: Results suggest that it would be advisable for clinicians to...
Hemoglobin synthesis during amphibian metamorphosis: I. Chemical studies on the hemoglobins from the larval and adult stages of Rana catesbeiana

Abstract The hemoglobins of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles were resolved into five characteristic components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Characterization of the peptide chains of the major and of one other component showed each to have two types of chain, none of which is in common. The major tadpole hemoglobin with two valine NH 2 -terminal groups has no peptide chain in common with the major frog hemoglobin. The latter has two chains beginning with glycine. No other amino acid groups appear to be available to the Edman end group reagent.
Radial basis function transforms and their use in signal processing

A variety of standard basis functions have long been used for characterizing signals including Fourier, Walsh, Haar, and Slant. Optimum Karhunen-Loeve basis functions derived from correlation data can also be used. Radial basis functions are a new type. They are based on actual data rather than predefined or generated sets. This paper relates radial basis functions and standard basis functions. It reviews how they are derived and illustrates their broad use with EKG and stock market examples. They have great utility and may become as common as their standard predecessors. >
Abstract 107: Critical role of lysine 134 methylation on histone H2AX for γ-H2AX production and DNA repair

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA γ-H2AX, the serine 139-phosphorylated form of the histone protein H2AX, is a marker of activation of the DNA damage machinery and is often overexpressed in many malignancies. Although γ-H2AX deregulation in cancer has previously been reported, the relevant molecular functions during carcinogenesis as well as its relationship with other histone modifications are still largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the histone methyltransferase Suppressor of Variegation 3-9 Homolog 2 (SUV39H2) methylated lysine 134 on histone H2AX, which is located in a unique portion of H2AX among the histone H2A family. When lysine 134 of histone H2AX was substituted to alanine, the amount of γ-H2AX production was significantly abolished. We also found lower γ-H2AX activity after introduction of the double-strand breakage in Suv39h2-double null cells or when SUV39H2 was knocked down. Concordantly, tissue microarray analysis of clinical lung tissues demonstrated a significantly positive correlation between K134-methylated H2AX and γ-H2AX levels. Furthermore, introduction of K134-substituted histone H2AX enhanced radio- and chemo-sensitivity of cancer cells, implying a critical role of methylation on the regulation of γ-H2AX production and the DNA repair pathways in cancer cells. This is the first report describing the functions of methylation on histone H2AX and its important role in the regulation of γ-H2AX production in cancer. Citation Format: Ryuji Hamamoto, Kenbun Sone, Yusuka Nakamura. Critical role of lysine 134 methylation on histone H2AX for γ-H2AX production and DNA repair. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 107. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-107
HVEM observations of in-situ he-ion bombardments

Abstract in-situ helium ion irradiation experiments on type 316 stainless steel, a candidate first wall material for the fusion reactor program, have been conducted by means of a 200 kV light ion linear accelerator mechanical1y linked to the objective lens of a 500 kV high voltage electron microscope. An ion energy of 80 keV, Ion fluxes up to about 2 × 10 15 cm −2 sec −1 , doses up to about 5 × 10 18 cm −2 and sample temperatures ranging from about 500°C to 650°C were employed. During irradiation of stainless steel, after a minimum dose was achieved, tiny dislocation loops were formed whose density increased with fluence. As dose was increased, these defects were apparently masked by the appearance and growth of gas containing voids hereafter referred to as “bubbles.” With additional irradiation, bubble formation was followed by the development of surface blistering and/or exfoliation. Bubble formation was observed to depend strongly on the microstructure of the sample. In particular, bubbles preferentially grew on grain boundaries, on incoherent twin boundaries and in regions of high plastic deformation. Irradiation of samples first produced bubbles preferentially on slip bands followed by bubble formation in other areas. Irradiations at high temperatures produced a larger ratio of bubble size on grain boundaries to that in the grain interior than the ratio found for irradiations conducted at low temperatures. By means of a video system, the rates of growth of microstructural features, such as bubbles, blisters, and exfoliated areas, have been recorded. For comparison purposes, in-situ helium irradiation experiments on molybdenum were carried out and essentially reproduced the transmission electron microscope in-situ results reported by Mazey and co-workers for 18–60 keV helium ion bombardment of molybdenum.
MATERNAL LACTATE, PYRUVATE, AND EXCESS LACTATE PRODUCTION DURING LABOR AND DELIVERY.

Abstract Blood lactate and pyruvate studies in healthy parturient patients disclosed a steady rise in both the aerobic and anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism during the course of labor. Peak levels of lactate, pyruvate, and excess lactate were reached at the time of parturition. A slow progressive decline of the three metabolites occurred in the early postpartum period. A major part of the excess lactate accumulated during labor and delivery appeared to be formed in the uterus caused by a lack of molecular oxygen at the local tissue level. It is postulated that this local tissue hypoxia provides the rational for the efficacy of “prophylactic” oxygen.
Interest in natural family planning among female family practice patients.

In the summer of 1990 in Columbia Missouri a student conducted telephone interviews with 60 women aged 21-42 who had attended an academic family medicine clinic between June 1988 and June 1989 and had received information about natural family planning (NFP) in the mail to determine their level of interest in NFP and what characteristics are associated with interest in NFP. The women were most familiar with the basal body temperature method (43%) the calendar method (39%) and the cervical mucus method (30%). 43% of the women wanted to learn more about NFP. 24% of them were interested in using NFP to prevent pregnancy. 32% of them were interested in using NFP to conceive. Only 35% of the women knew that the body temperature changes after ovulation. Women who were most interested in NFP were those of the nondenominational Christian Unitarian Pentecostal and Charismatic faiths (miscellaneous Christian); young women (age 33 or younger); those who strongly identified with their religion; and those who reported that religion had a strong influence on their choice of family planning method (p < 0.05 for all aforementioned characteristics) and those who knew about the change in basal body temperature associated with the postovulatory phase of the cycle (p < 0.01). Women most likely to use NFP to prevent pregnancy were miscellaneous Christians and those familiar with the thermal shift in the menstrual cycle (p < 0.05). Young women were most likely to use NFP to conceive (p < 0.05). Limitations of this study included: a restricted sample (out of 400 letters sent there were only 60 successful contacts who happened to be well educated and middle class); possible self-reporting bias especially for questions of a sensitive nature; and self-reported interest does not necessarily mean that they will use NFP. Nevertheless women in a primary care clinic may be interested in NFP.