cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HyperTRIO: hyper-tenant translation of I/O addresses

Hardware resource sharing has proven to be an efficient way to increase resource utilization, save energy, and decrease operational cost. Modern-day servers accommodate hundreds of Virtual Machines (VMs) running concurrently, and lightweight software abstractions like containers enable the consolidation of an even larger number of independent tenants per server. The increasing number of hardware accelerators along with growing interconnection bandwidth creates a new class of devices available for sharing. To fully utilize the potential of these devices, I/O architecture needs to be carefully designed for both processors and devices. This paper presents the design and analysis of scalable Hyper-tenant TRanslation of I/O addresses (HyperTRIO) for shared devices. HyperTRIO provides isolation and performance guarantees at low hardware cost by supporting multiple in-flight address translations, partitioning translation caches, and utilizing both inter- and intra-tenant access patterns for translation prefetching. This work also constructs a Hyper-tenant Simulator of I/O address accesses (HyperSIO) for 1000-tenant systems which we open-sourced. This work characterizes tenant access patterns and uses these insights to address identified challenges. Overall, the HyperTRIO design enables the system to utilize full available I/O bandwidth in a hyper-tenant environment.
Diabetic Neuropathy Pain Management: A Global Challenge.

Background Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN) is a devastating condition affecting one in three people with diabetes. Introduction Keeping in mind the unceasingly escalating prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, the number of PDN patients is also expected to rise with a reduced quality of life in patients and a staggering increase in healthcare costs. Despite relentless efforts and continuous research, the commercially available medications for relieving diabetic neuropathy pain are only partially effective with substantial side effects. This is, in part, due to our partial awareness of the underlying complexities causing PDN. The pathogenesis of PDN remains elusive because of the difficulty in obtaining damaged nerve samples and the absence of non-invasive methods to investigate the pathogenesis at different stages of disease progression. The purpose of this review was to describe pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment options for PDN. Methods The keywords relevant to the scope of this paper were put in electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) to fetch the relevant data. The data were then analyzed and compiled. Results A simplified overview of PDN for researchers new to the field has been provided in an attempt to clarify common confusions. The changes in skin structure and functions in response to diabetes, diabetic neuropathy and painful diabetic neuropathy are also discussed. The unavailability of an efficacious pain reliever for PDN stresses on the need for identifying the microenvironmental factors that are altered in PDN and manipulate them to tailor targeted theranostics. Conclusion In the end, we proposed to consider the altered skin structure, function and microenvironmental factors in the diabetic population for devising smart, targeted, stimuli-responsive treatment options to attain maximum pain relief with minimum side effects.
Designing self-oscillating matter

Self-oscillating matter offers unique opportunities for compact and low maintenance autonomous systems. A new versatile approach to attain sustained self-oscillations with simple design and tunable frequency and amplitude is reported by programmable periodic swelling-deswelling-induced mechanical instability phenomena. The study opens new opportunities for autonomously oscillating materials and their applications, such as smart mixing/separation and transport of fluids and particles, adaptive reconfigurable systems, and self-propelled locomotion.
Influence of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Somatic Mutations on Transplant Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells are regulated by killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) interactions with human leukocyte antigen class I ligands. Various models of NK cell alloreactivity have been associated with outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT), but results have varied widely. We hypothesized that somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the context of KIR profiles may further refine their association with transplant outcomes. In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, 81 AML patients who underwent matched-related donor alloHCT were included. Post-HCT outcomes were assessed based on mutational status and KIR profiles with the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. On multivariable analysis those with any somatic mutations and C1/C2 heterozygosity had less acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.75; P = .009), more relapse (HR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.30-7.01; P = .010), inferior relapse-free survival (RFS; HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.17-4.20; P = .014), and overall survival (OS; HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.17-4.20; P = .015), whereas those with a missing KIR ligand had superior RFS (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30-0.94; P = .031). The presence of a somatic mutation and donor haplotype A was also associated with less acute GvHD (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.92; P = .032), more relapse (HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.13-6.52; P = .025), inferior RFS (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.07-4.14; P = .030), and OS (HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.11-4.38; P = .024). Enhanced NK cell alloreactivity from more KIR activating signals (donor B haplotype) and fewer inhibitory signals (recipient missing KIR ligand or C1 or C2 homozygosity) may help mitigate the adverse prognosis associated with some AML somatic mutations. These results may have implications for improving patient risk stratification prior to transplant and optimizing donor selection.
Assessment of Genetic Stability During Serial In Vitro Passage and In Vivo Carriage.

In this study, our objective was to evaluate the genetic stability of foodborne bacterial pathogens during serial passage in vitro and persistent in vivo carriage. Six strains of Listeria, Campylob...
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Perspectives, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and HIV Risk Profiles of Cisgender Women Seeking and Initiating PrEP in a US Demonstration Project.

Little information is known about the cisgender women who seek and initiate pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention in the United States. Adherence Enhancement Guided by Individualized T...
Structure of the Direct and Cost and Revenue Restricted Technology

This chapter describes the structure of the underlying unrestricted technology (also referred to here as the direct or parent technology) as well as the cost and revenue restricted technologies which are the focus of this study.
Evaluation of two synchronized external surrogates for 4D CT sorting

The purpose of this study was to quantify the performance and agreement between two different external surrogate acquisition systems: Varian’s Real-Time Position Management (RPM) and Philips Medical Systems’ pneumatic bellows, in the context of waveform and 4D CT image analysis. Eight patient displacement curves derived from RPM data were inputted into a motion platform with varying amplitudes (0.5 to 3 cm) and patterns. Simultaneous 4D CT acquisition, with synchronized X-ray on detection, was performed with the bellows and RPM block placed on the platform. Bellows data were used for online retrospective phase-based sorting, while RPM data were used for off-line reconstruction of raw 4D CT data. RPM and bellows breathing curves were resampled, normalized, and analyzed to determine associations between different external surrogates, relative amplitude differences, and system latency. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images were generated, phantom targets were delineated, and volume differences, overlap index, and Dice similarity coefficient differences were evaluated. A prospective patient study of ten patients was performed and waveforms were evaluated for latency (i.e., absolute time differences) and overall agreement. 4D CT sorting quality and subtraction images were assessed. Near perfect associations between the RPM and bellows-acquired breathing traces were found (Pearson’s r = 0.987–0.999). Target volumes were 200.4 ± 12 cc and 199.8 ± 12.6 cc for RPM and bellows targets, respectively, which was not significantly different ( U = 33, p > 0.05). Negligible centroid variations were observed between bellows and RPM-contoured MIP targets (largest discrepancy = -0.24 ± 0.31 mm in superior–inferior direction). The maximum volume difference was observed for an RPM target 2.5 cc (1%) less than bellows, yielding the largest difference in centroid displacement (0.9 mm). Strong correlations in bellows and RPM waveforms were observed for all patients (0.947 ± 0.037). Latency between external surrogates was < 100 ms for phantom and patient data. Negligible differences were observed between MIP, end-exhale, and end-inhale phase images for all cases, with delineated RPM and bellows lung volumes demonstrating a mean difference of -0.3 ± 0.51%. Dice similarity coefficients and overlap indices were near unity for phantom target volumes and patient lung volumes. Slight differences were observed in waveform and latency analysis between Philips bellows and Varian’s RPM, although these did not translate to differences in image quality or impact delineations. Therefore, the two systems were found to be equivalent external surrogates in the context of 4D CT for treatment planning purposes.
A Retrospective Survey Studying the Impact of Fabry Disease on Pregnancy

Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-gal A). Reduced or missing α-gal A enzyme results in the storage of globotriaosylceramide (GL3) and related glycosphingolipids in the cellular lysosomes throughout the body. The majority of GL3 buildup occurs in the body’s vasculature resulting in narrowed blood vessels and an increased risk for strokes, transient ischemic attacks, and deep vein thrombosis. Theoretical concerns have been raised about increased pregnancy complications in women affected by FD as glycosphingolipid storage has been found in both maternal- and fetal-derived placental tissues. This retrospective study was conducted to better understand risks for women with FD during pregnancy. Survey questions included queries about prenatal medications, teratogenic exposures, prenatal testing, common pregnancy complications, Fabry symptoms during pregnancy, obstetrical history, and immediate neonatal history. In total, 41 affected women completed the survey. Results indicate several Fabry-related symptoms and features may worsen during pregnancy, including gastrointestinal symptoms, acroparesthesias, proteinuria, headaches, and postpartum depression. Although no life-threatening complications were reported, a statistically significant increased frequency of hypertension was observed when comparing data from this study to the general population (p < 0.05) and previous publications (p < 0.001). Limitations include sample size and recall bias. Though this survey sampling of women was small and required women to recall their past pregnancy experiences, the findings suggest that when pregnant, women with FD should be aware of potential worsening of FD symptoms and may benefit from consulting with a maternal-fetal medicine specialist.
Leaching characteristics of actinides from simulated reactor waste glass

Leach rates for 237Np and 239Pu were investigated with a single-pass leaching system. The factorial experimental design uses several combinations of solution composition and flow rate and two temperatures, 25°C and 75°C. The 25°C results are compared with those from a modified IAEA procedure. At 25°C, leach rates decrease with time. Agreement between results from the single-pass and modified IAEA methods is fair with WIPP brine leachant, good with NaHCO3 and good with distilled H2O. Leach rates are approximately independent of flow rates at room temperature but increase with flow rates at high temperature. Rates for 237Np increase with temperature, but those for 239Pu either decrease or do not change with temperature.
The 1st Law of Thermodynamics for the Mean Energy of a Closed Quantum System in the Aharonov-Vaidman Gauge

The Aharonov-Vaidman gauge additively transforms the mean energy of a quantum mechanical system into a weak valued system energy. In this paper, the equation of motion of this weak valued energy is used to provide a mathematical statement of an extended 1st Law of Thermodynamics that is applicable to the mean energy of a closed quantum system when the mean energy is expressed in the Aharonov-Vaidman gauge, i.e., when the system’s energy is weak valued. This is achieved by identifying the generalized heat and work exchange terms that appear in the equation of motion for weak valued energy. The complex valued contributions of the additive gauge term to these generalized exchange terms are discussed and this extended 1st Law is shown to subsume the usual 1st Law that is applicable for the mean energy of a closed quantum system. It is found that the gauge transformation introduces an additional energy uncertainty exchange term that—while it is neither a heat nor a work exchange term—is necessary for the conservation of weak valued energy. A spin-1/2 particle in a uniform magnetic field is used to illustrate aspects of the theory. It is demonstrated for this case that the extended 1st Law implies the existence of a gauge potential ω and that it generates a non-vanishing gauge field F. It is also shown for this case that the energy uncertainty exchange accumulated during the evolution of the system along a closed evolutionary cycle C in an associated parameter space is a geometric phase. This phase is equal to both the path integral of ω along C and the integral of the flux of F through the area enclosed by C.
Myosin binding to actin: Structural analysis using myosin fragments

The actin-binding property of the myosin head 20 K (K = 10(3) Mr) fragment has been examined by a structural assay. A new fragment is produced by digestion of scallop myosin synthetic filaments with a lysine-specific protease. This fragment consists of the rod together with two "nubs" corresponding to the 20 K fragment, which retain both the regulatory and essential light chains. Myosin filaments, digested for different lengths of time, were mixed with F-actin and visualized by electron microscopy after negative staining. When the head is cleaved, but the head fragments remain associated, the filaments bind actin in an ATP-sensitive manner. Filaments made primarily of the nub-containing fragments, however, bind actin very poorly. In addition, electron microscopic characterization of actin-binding by the isolated tryptic 20 K fragment from chicken myosin indicates that binding of this fragment to actin is probably non-specific. These results suggest that interactions between the 20 K region and the other peptides in the head are essential for actin-binding.
Identifying and Providing for the Hispanic Gifted Child

Hispanic children in bilingual as well as in mainstream classes are often considered ineligible for participation in programs for the gifted and talented due to: (a) identification procedures that rely heavily on tests which are often inappropriate for use with Spanish-speaking children, and (b) the widespread acceptance of an essentially inaccurate definition of giftedness which has resulted in the exclusion of many qualified minority as well as majority language students from such programs. Joseph Renzulli’s conceptualization of giftedness is described and offered as a fair and effective model for identifying gifted and talented children. Three methods of selecting potentially gifted Hispanic children are discussed. The question of language, as well as the perceived differences between programs for Hispanic gifted children and “traditional” gifted programs for English-dominant children are examined. The following four questions are specifically addressed: 1. To what degree has society been successful in...
Law’s Role in Addressing Complex Discrimination

This essay demonstrates the importance of making explicit and critically assessing assumptions about judicial role that run through antidiscrimination scholarship. A formalistic conception of the judiciary operates as an uninterrogated baseline even for scholars who employ an institutional and cultural analysis of the problems law and courts address. The rule-enforcement conception of law and courts is, however, vastly over-simplified, as both a descriptive and normative matter. Its formalism clashes with the rich, interdisciplinary, and structural analyses that characterize scholars’ critique of formal equality doctrine. This essay sketches the outlines of an under-acknowledged but widely practiced and legitimate judicial role: facilitating the elaboration and implementation of public law norms. Legal norms develop not only through liability determinations, but also through legally structured occasions for deliberating about the relationship between norms and practice. Within the context of judicial decision making, norm elaboration occurs in less formal settings that more directly facilitate data gathering and deliberations by relevant stakeholders and experts. These processes generate learning and outcomes that are more generally applicable, even if they have less formally binding effect than a formal adjudication. This analysis cast courts in a crucial but limited role in addressing problems that implicate public norms but are insufficiently understood or resistant to centralized rule enforcement. They emphasize law’s role in structuring focal points of normative activity within and across institutions. This role, as an important concomitant of the court’s more traditional rule elaboration and enforcement function, enables the judiciary to participate in addressing complex patterns of interaction that produce group-based exclusion without compromising its legitimacy or overstepping its capacity. It would also highlight and create accountability for the many occasions beyond formal liability adjudication in which courts prompt elaboration of equality norms under conditions of uncertainty.
Implementing high-performance, low-power FPGA-based optical flow accelerators in C

Recent developments in High-Level Synthesis (HLS) for FPGAs are making it possible to “run” C code on FPGAs thereby making modern programming environments available to FPGA developers. In this paper, C code for a complex optical-flow algorithm is optimized for both a desktop PC and for an FPGA-based system, the Xilinx Zynq-7000, a device containing both a programmable fabric and two ARM cores. The paper discusses how the code is optimized and restructured to execute effectively on the programmable fabric and the ARM cores. The resulting Zynq version of the C code is competitive with the desktop PC but only consumes 1/7th as much energy.
The feasibility of using a neoaplectanid nematode for control of some forest insect pests.

An undeseribed species of nematode in the genus Neoaplectana was studied to determine its value as a parasite of forest insect pests. Twelve species of insects were tested and ten were susceptible Temperature and moisture requirements of this nematode were determined. The parasitie capabilities of this species were evaluated by listing positive and negative factors. A brief account of the life cycle of the nematode is given.
Evaluation of Penicillic Acid for Toxicity in Broiler Chickens

Penicillic acid is a mycotoxin produced by various fungi. It may occur in high concentrations in corn and can also be produced concomitantly with other mycotoxins in poultry feed. This mycotoxin was evaluated for its toxicity in broiler chickens by feeding graded concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 400 microgram/g of diet) to 4 groups of 10 birds per treatment. No significant (P greater than .05) effects were measured on growth rate, feed conversion, relative size of pancreas, spleen, liver, heart, bursa, or kidney or on hemoglobin, packed cell volume, liver lipid, plasma protein, or glucose. The only significant effects were a slight reduction in the size of the proventriculus and gizzard at dose levels of 200 and 400 microgram/g. Neither the salt nor lactone forms of penicillic acid had any detectable effect. The acute oral LD50 for the sodium salt form was 92 +/- 9 mg/kg. These data suggest that penicillic acid by itself has little toxicity (less than 1% of that of aflatoxin) in chickens.
Nonequilibrium Green’s-function method applied to double-barrier resonant-tunneling diodes

The effect of inelastic scattering on quantum electron transport through double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures with large cross-sectional areas is studied numerically using the approach based on the nonequilibrium Green's-function formalism of Keldysh, Kadanoff, and Baym. The Markov assumption is not made, and the energy coordinate is retained. This makes the inclusion of the phonon-energy spectrum straightforward both conceptually and in practice. The electron-phonon interaction is treated in the self-consistent first Born approximation (SCFBA). The Pauli exclusion principle is taken into account exactly within the SCFBA. The retention of the energy coordinate allows the calculation of a number of quantities that give insight into the effect of inelastic scattering on electron transport: The effect of inelastic scattering on the occupation of the energy levels, the density of states, the energy distribution of the current density, and the power density is calculated from a quantum kinetic equation for actual device structures under high bias.
Evidence for glutamate-mediated activation of hippocampal neurons by glial calcium waves

Communication from astrocytes to neurons has recently been reported by two laboratories, but different mechanisms were thought to underlie glial calcium wave activation of associated neurons. Neuronal calcium elevation by glia observed in the present report is similar to that reported previously, where an increase in neuronal calcium was demonstrated in response to glial stimulation. In the present study hippocampal neurons plated on a confluent glial monolayer displayed a transient increase in intracellular calcium following a short delay after the passage of a wave of increased calcium in underlying glia. Activated cells displayed action potentials in response to glial waves and showed antineurofilament immunoreactivity. Finally, the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and the non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione significantly reduced the responsiveness of neurons to glial calcium waves. Our results indicate that hippocampal neurons growing on hippocampal or cortical astrocytes respond to glial calcium waves with elevations in calcium and increased electrical activity. Furthermore, we show that in most cases this communication appears to be mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptor channels. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pargyline reduces/prevents neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia in monkeys.

The neuropharmacologic mechanisms underlying neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS) were studied using a nonhuman primate model. Twenty-six Cebus albifrons monkeys were given weekly challenges of haloperidol (0.025 mg/kg IM), and half of the animals received the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline (5 mg/kg PO) daily for 17 consecutive days during the protocol. Pargyline caused no changes in baseline behaviors, but significantly reduced haloperidol-induced acute dystonia (AD) (-67%, P<0.002) and parkinsonism (-56%, P<0.005). The majority (8 of 13) of the experimental group had complete prevention of neuroleptic-induced EPS during cotreatment with pargyline. Behavioral scores returned to baseline levels after stopping pargyline, and did not show the further sensitization to haloperidol-induced AD that occurred in the control group. The possible mechanisms by which an MAO inhibitor might influence neuroleptic-induced AD were considered. The most likely explanation would appear to involve facilitation of striatal dopamine (DA) neurotransmission by inhibition of intra- and extraneuronal MAO, thus supporting the hypothesis that AD is due to decreased striatal DA function with secondary cholinergic hyperfunction.
Transient time correlation function calculation of the viscosity of a molecular fluid at low shear rates: a comparison of stress tensors

Shear viscosity of n-decane was computed using the molecular stress transient time correlation function (TTCF) formalism for the wide range of shear rates from 1.7 × 1010 s−1 to 2.13 × 104 s−1. In earlier work calculations were presented for the shear viscosity of n-decane using the atomic stress formalism of the TTCF method (G. Pan and C. McCabe, J. Chem. Phys. 125(19), 4527 (2006)) in which we were able to close the gap between the lowest shear rates accessible by direct nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations and the highest shear rates possible in experimental studies. Here it is shown that the application of the molecular stress approach within the TTCF formalism, as an alternative to the atomic stress method, significantly reduces the number of NEMD trajectories necessary to obtain the shear viscosity.
Multi-analyte imprinting capability of OMNiMIPs versus traditional molecularly imprinted polymers

One monomer molecularly imprinted polymers (OMNiMIPs) have enhanced binding and selectivity properties versus traditionally formulated ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)/methacrylic acid (MAA) imprinted polymers. Further comparison was investigated toward multi-analyte imprinting capability of these two imprinted materials. Two templates, (R)-(+)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol and BOC-L-tyrosine were simultaneously imprinted in the polymers, and the enantioselectivity compared to polymers imprinted with one template at a time. The simultaneously imprinted OMNiMIP exhibited only 6.3 and 21.1% loss in enantioselectivity for (R)-(+)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol and BOC-L-tyrosine respectively, versus the singly imprinted OMNiMIPs. For the EGDMA/MAA imprinted polymer, enantioselectivity was only found for (R)-(+)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol, with 59.1% loss in enantioselectivity found for the multiple-template imprinted polymer versus the (R)-(+)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol singly imprinted polymer. It was also shown that imprinting two templates simultaneously leads to better enantioselective performance than mixing the particles of singly imprinted polymers. For example, the enantioselectivity of the R enantiomer of 1,1'-bi-2-binapthol on the simultaneously imprinted OMNiMIP gave a separation factor (alpha) value of 4.4, while the mixed-particle column gave an alpha value of 2.6. In addition, it was found that mixing an imprinted polymer with a non-imprinted polymer resulted in complete loss of chromatographic enantioselectivity in all cases (except the one that still showed severe loss of selectivity). Collectively, the results illustrate that imprinting mixtures of templates simultaneously is the method of choice, especially for OMNiMIPs, for producing multi-analyte molecular recognition in imprinted polymers.
Guest Editorial Computed Tomography

In medical x-ray imaging, computed tomography is considered by many persons to be the most important innovation since introduction of the image intensifier. For evidence of the potential importance of this approach to x-ray diagnosis, one need look no further than the half-million dollars capital investment already committed by hundreds of medical institutions in the United States for purchase of a computed tomographic scanner. Realization of the maximum potential of computed tomography will depend not only upon achieving the full capability of computed tomographic units once they are installed in clinical settings, but also upon ensuring that the units operate at their full capability day after day, in an environment in which patient care takes precedence over equipment care. In this environment, it is essential that a physicist or engineer conduct a continuing quality assurance monitoring program to ensure acceptable and reproducible performance of the computed tomographic unit. In the following special series of articles on computed tomography, considerable advice is offered on the implementation and operation of a quality assurance program for computed tomography.
Natural gas based hydrogen production with zero carbon dioxide emissions

Abstract A novel process flowsheet is presented that co-produces hydrogen and formic acid from natural gas, without emitting any carbon dioxide. The principal technologies employed in the process network include combustion, steam methane reforming (SMR), pressure swing adsorption, and formic acid production from CO2 and H2. Thermodynamic analysis provides operating limits for the proposed process, and the use of reaction clusters leads to the synthesis of a feasible process flowsheet. Heat and power integration studies show this flowsheet to be energetically self-sufficient through the use of heat engine and heat pump subnetworks. Operating cost/revenue studies, using current market prices for natural gas, hydrogen and formic acid, identify the proposed design’s operating revenue to cost ratio to be 9.29.
Delayed response and survival from NovoTTF-100A in recurrent GBM

We present a 48-year-old male with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) who was enrolled in the NovoTTF-100A landmark phase III study and has been on device for >6 years. During this time, his magnetic resonance images demonstrated initial growth followed by a slow decrease in enhancement with continued residual disease. Long-term survivors in patients with recurrent GBM are rare, especially in the absence of definitive local treatment such as surgery or radiosurgery. We present the clinical, imaging and pathological findings for this patient in relation to use of the NovoTTF-100A device.
A study of long-term WSN deployment for environmental monitoring

In this paper, the ASWP testbed, a long-term wireless sensor network (WSN) deployment for environmental monitoring, is presented. This testbed implements a periodic sampling application for external sensors exposed to a forested outdoor environment in western Pennsylvania, USA. It has been running for the past two years using TinyOS-based WSN platforms and the commercially available routing software XMesh. ASWP's performance is analyzed in detail for the period of August 2011 to August 2012, focusing on packet duplication, packet loss, and network maintenance. The results indicate that the critical impact due to the outdoor environment and node physical failures significantly reduced the network yield when long-term periods were considered. In particular, it is found that an over-used routing path across the network was responsible for most of the packet retransmissions and drops in ASWP. This work intends to provide a reference point for WSN research and development targeted towards outdoor WSNs for long-term deployments.
Specular Microscopy of Iridocorneal Endothelia Syndrome

Clinical specular microscopic examination of 17 patients with features common to the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (including Chandler's syndrome, iris nevus syndrome, and essential iris atrophy) showed pathognomonic endothelial changes and no areas of normal endothelial mosaic. Even in those patients with minimal anterior synechiae, gross central endothelial changes could be found, suggesting that the endothelial changes are primary and not secondary to the iris-corneal adhesions. Specular microscopy of the clinically uninvolved contralateral eye in these patients revealed frequent endothelial cell pleomorphism incommensurate with the patient's age. This study also confirmed the value of the specular microscope for qualitative endothelial observations.
Effect of daily parathyroid hormone (1–34) on lumbar fusion in a rat model

Abstract Background context Despite numerous studies evaluating the anabolic effects of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone, there are no published studies examining its effect on spinal fusion outcomes. Purpose To determine the effect of daily injection of human recombinant PTH(1–34) on posterolateral lumbar fusions in a rat model. Study design Prospective, case-controlled, preclinical animal study. Outcome measures Manual palpation and serum osteocalcin. Methods Single-level, intertransverse process spinal fusions were performed with iliac crest autograft in 56 Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals received daily injections of placebo or PTH(1–34). At 6 weeks, fusion masses were assessed by manual palpation. Serum osteocalcin levels were assessed in a subset of the animals. Results Manual palpation revealed the control group to have a fusion rate of 37% (10/27) and the PTH(1–34)-treated group to have a fusion rate of 52% (15/29). Mean serum osteocalcin levels were 59.8 and 88.6 ng/L for the control and PTH(1–34) groups, respectively. Conclusions There was a trend towards greater fusion rate in the PTH(1–34) group as compared with the placebo group. Further, PTH(1–34) administration was associated with a significant increase in osteocalcin levels. Certainly, further investigations are warranted, as an injectable agent capable of increasing fusion rates would be of great clinical value.
Rights Consciousness and Victimization Prevention: Personal Defense and Assertiveness Training

In personal defense and assertiveness training women learn how to avoid being victimized. The actual behaviors the students learn are not very novel. What is novel for them is engaging in those behaviors in situations where they previously felt afraid or felt they had no right to resist someone else's requests or demands. As they practice the new behaviors, they also reassess their rights and learn to identify intrusions, potential assaults, or violations of their will. They develop an awareness of rights they had not previously felt were theirs—rights of refusal in particular.
The Impact of Supervision on Internal Medicine Residents’ Attitudes and Management of Depression in Primary Care: A Pilot Study

Objective The authors examined the effect of supervision on internal medicine residents’ attitudes toward and management of depression.
Protein composition of spinal cord and cortex from short-term spinal hemisected rats

Abstract The protein profiles of rat spinal cord and brain were examined 12 h, and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after a left spinal cord hemisection at T2 on SDS polyacrylamide slab gels (8 to 20% linear gradient). Compared to normal and sham-operated controls, no differences in brain proteins were detectable for somatomotor or occipital cortices for the postoperative time intervals studied. In spinal cord at early postoperative times, an increase in the intensity of bands in the regions of 15,000, 30,000, 70,000, and 80,000 molecular weight (MW) were seen at the site of lesion. Protein bands at 70,000 and 80,000 were increased in samples extending to 10 mm rostral and 14 mm caudal to the site of hemisection. The increases of these proteins in spinal cord diminished during postoperative time until 14 days postoperative when alterations of patterns in these regions were present only at the site of lesion. At 7 and 14 days after hemisection, decreases in protein bands in molecular weight regions 150,000, MW; 45 to 60,000, and 20 to 25,000 MW of 45 to 60,000 MW were noted at the site of lesion and 6 mm caudal to the lesion. Correlations could be made between the increasing bands and protein components of red blood cells and serum. Decreases in high molecular weight regions were attributed to degenerative processes. These findings have implications for previous studies of morphology, amino acid uptake, and blood-brain barrier alterations.
The role of science in decision making: does evidence‐based science drive environmental policy?

To guide environmental policy effectively, scientists face the difficult but crucial task of clearly communicating evidence-based information to the public and to policy makers. Frequently, the solutions proposed by scientists are hindered by poor communication – including an excessive reliance on acronyms and jargon – as well as being confronted by vested interests, both perceived and real. Although environmental “problems” are typically discovered by scientists, it is the media that often plays the primary role in promoting public awareness of – and political action regarding – such problems. Here, acid rain is used as a case study to illustrate many of the challenges commonly associated with environmental problems, including the long delay between initial discovery and relevant policy making. Some simple, straightforward recommendations are provided for facilitating communication about environmental problems.
Austrians and post keynesians: The questions of ignorance and uncertainty

We do not wish to imply that there is nothing of value in Davidson’s presentation of the Post Keynesian approach to uncertainty. Nor do we believe that there is no possibility of fruitful dialogue on various aspects of the uncertainty problem between Austrians and Post Keynesians. Credit is certainly due to Davidson for his ability to frame the risk-uncertainty distinction in the language of modern, neoclassical theories of stochastic processes. And, apart from the omissions we have discussed, most Austrians will find little to disagree with in his discussion of entrepreneurship and “crucial” decisions. Unfortunately, those omissions are of fundamental relevance to the whole issue of uncertainty. The strength of the Austrian approach is demonstrated in its close attention to the entrepreneurial function that other traditions, including the Post Keynesians, tend to ignore.
Go to the ant thou sluggard...

If you walk into almost any habitat around the globe and pick up an insect at random, it is very likely to be an ant. Because of this abundance, the way that ants interact with their biotic and abiotic environments is the key to understanding the functioning of many ecosystems. The social organisation of these insect societies, paralleled in scale and intricacy only by those of the termites, is one of the factors that have allowed them to arrive at this position of dominance. Their dominance means that many of the group's ecological activities have direct effects on human well-being, both positive (e.g.
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: long‐term survival

A 4–1 /12-year-old male with complete ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was treated with a very low protein diet supplemented with essential amino acids and keto acid analogues of essential amino acids. To our knowledge, he is the longest surviving male with complete ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Excitation of low-lying excited states of hydrogen in 1-5-keV collisions of H − with He, Ar, Xe, and N 2

Cross sections for the production of excited hydrogen in the $3d$, $3s$, $4s$, and $5s$ states have been measured for 1- to 5-keV ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions incident upon He, Ar, Xe, and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. The results show nominally flat cross sections which scale as a function of principal quantum number faster than ${n}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Comparison is made with similar results for $\mathrm{np}$ states, and the implication that these results may have on some recently proposed collision models is discussed.
The Role of Sweeteners in the Diet of Young Children.

The health and nutrition implications of high sugar intake for young children are discussed. Infants and young children prefer foods that taste sweet. Sugar substitutes used in moderation can provide a compromise for child care providers who want to offer nutritious food which young children will eat. This study examined sweetener preferences of young children, including a new sweetener (Sweet One®). Participants (3–8 years of age) sampled a beverage and plain cottage cheese sweetened with either sugar or Sweet One® as part of a sensory difference test. They also ranked four vanilla puddings sweetened with sugar and three FDA approved sweeteners. In the difference test, the subjects were able to tell the difference between sugar and Sweet One® in the beverage, but not in the cottage cheese. There was no consensus among the panelists for a sweetener preference in the rank-order test.
Structural model of orthorhombic Al3Co

Abstract The Al-Co alloy system contains a phase A13Co of unknown structure. Recently Ma and Kuo determined its space group as Pnmn with lattice constants a = 12·5 A, b = 8·1 A and c = 14·6 A. We propose a structural model for the orthorhombic phase of A13Co including explicit atomic positions and occupancy factors. This model relates to the monoclinic phase of Al13Co4 by periodic twinning. Our model displays mechanical and thermodynamic stability as determined using approximate pair potentials developed for the Al-Co alloys.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Stimulates Activator Protein-1-dependent Caco-2 Cell Differentiation

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is a potential chemopreventive agent for human colon cancer. We have reported that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) specifically activated protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) and also caused a reduction in proliferation while increasing apoptosis and differentiation in CaCo-2 cells, a cell line derived from a human colon cancer. The mechanisms by which this secosteroid influences these important cellular processes, however, remain unclear. The transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), regulates many genes involved in these processes. Therefore, we asked whether 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) activated AP-1 in CaCo-2 cells and, if so, by what mechanisms? 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) caused a time-dependent increase in AP-1 DNA binding activity and significantly enhanced the protein and mRNA abundance of c-Jun, a component of AP-1. 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) also induced a rapid and transient activation of ERK2 (where ERK is extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and a more persistent activation of JNK1 (where JNK Jun N-terminal kinase). Transfection experiments revealed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also increased AP-1 gene-transactivating activity. This AP-1 activation was completely blocked by PD 098059, a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor, as well as by a dominant negative JNK or a dominant negative Jun, indicating that the AP-1 activation induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was mediated by ERK and JNK. Using a specific inhibitor of the Ca(2+)-dependent PKC isoforms, Go6976, and CaCo-2 cells stably transfected with antisense PKC-alpha cDNA, demonstrated that PKC-alpha mediated the AP-1 activation induced by this secosteroid. Inhibition of JNK activation or c-Jun protein expression significantly reduced 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of CaCo-2 cell differentiation, in secosteroid-treated cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) stimulated AP-1 activation in CaCo-2 cells by a PKC-alpha- and JNK-dependent mechanism leading to increases in cellular differentiation.
A column method for deoxygenating human hemoglobin.

The mixed-bed resin column charged with dithionite is shown to be an efficient deoxygenator. Deoxyhemoglobin prepared on this column from stock oxyhemoglobin in solution has normal spectral characteristics, and upon reoxygenation the oxyhemoglobin spectrum is identical with that of the original stock oxyhemoglobin solution. The deoxyhemoglobin solution has a pO2 of less than 1 mm Hg and an ionic strength of less than 5 × 10−5, and exhibits a Bohr effect and deoxygenation kinetics consistent with literature values. Deoxygenated water is also prepared by this method. Dithionite, oxidation products of dithionite, and ionic contaminants in the elluent remain bound to the resin.
Reflection from a Multilayer Filter

The solution of the multilayer filter is obtained as a boundary value problem. A recursion formula is developed, which, applied once for each layer gives the reflected beam. A graphical means for determining the unknown quantity in the recursion formula has been shown to apply to dielectric layers.The solution has been used to explain an irregular fringe shift in the reflected pattern from an interferometer, one of whose plates has a uniform wedge of dielectric deposited on it. It is shown that this irregular shifting of the fringes with thickness of the dielectric must be considered if interferometric determinations of index of refraction are to be made.This method of determining the reflected beam has also been applied in finding the transmission characteristics of the frustrated total reflection filter. It is found that the width of the transmission band which, theoretically, could be arbitrarily small without loss of peak transmission, is limited by the uniformity in the thickness of the spacer layer.
Simultaneous Spectroscopic Determination of Forearm Muscle pH and Oxygen Saturation during Simulated Haemorrhage

Muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) is a very early indicator of internal bleeding, but reaches a low and constant value when organ oxygen utilisation is at a maximum. With haemorrhage, muscle pH (pHm)...
Surface states and metal overlayers on the (110) surface of GaAs

Abstract We have found new surface states related to Al overlayers on the (110) surface of GaAs. These states play a prominent role in the determination of the electronic structure for metal-semiconductor interfaces. The results are consistent with conjectures of Rowe, Christman and Margaritondo based upon recent experimental results for metal overlayers on semiconductor surfaces.
Homotopy method for generalized eigenvalue problems Ax= ΛBx☆

Abstract Generalized eigenvalue problems can be considered as a system of polynomials. The homotopy continuation method is used to find all the isolated zeros of the polynomial system which corresponds to the eigenpairs of the generalized eigenvalue problem. A special homotopy is constructed in such a way that there are exactly n distinct smooth curves connecting trivial solutions to desired eigenpairs. Since the curves followed by general homotopy curve following scheme are computed independently of one another, the algorithm is a likely candidate for exploiting the advantages of parallel processing to the generalized eigenvalue problems.
Chromosomal clues to the development of prostate tumors.

BACKGROUND. Cytogenetic, molecular cytogenetic, and molecular studies of prostate cancer have revealed an enormous amount of data regarding chromosomal loci that are aberrant in prostate tumors. METHODS. These data have been compared and condensed in this review to determine which chromosomes and chromosome sites have been most frequently reported. RESULTS. Loss of the Y chromosome, gain of 7, 8, and X, and interstitial deletions on 6q, 7q, 8p, 10q, 13q, 16q, 17q, and 18q are the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS. A potential model for genetic control of tumor progression is presented, as are data regarding the evaluation of a new series of tumors.
Vectors for Transformation of Higher Plants

We have constructed several vectors for the cloning of foreign DNA into plant genomes. These vectors are based on the transformation system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and incorporate a number of useful features for plant cell transformation. The prototype vector, pEND4K, contains the left and right T-DNA border sequences and a chimeric gene which confers kanamycin resistance on transformed plant cells. The vector also includes the following features that facilitate the bacterial manipulations: the bacteriophage lambda cos site for in vitro packaging of large inserts, alpha complementation for direct screening of cloned inserts, and the wide host range RK2 replication and transfer origins. The vectors have been demonstrated to efficiently transform plant cells by several criteria.