cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The comparative effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) and ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on growth and modeling of the rat tibia

Male rats weighing 100 g were assigned to groups and injected daily for 10 days with vehicle (control), 0.4, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0, or 20.0 mg/kg/day of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) or dichloromethylene diphosphonate (C12MDP). The proximal tibial metaphysis and epiphysis were assayed for changes in percentage of hard tissue and bone formation parameters. From the data, information about hard tissue resorption was deduced. All doses of C12MDP and doses of 2.0 mg EHDP/kg/day and greater caused significant increases in percentage of hard tissues with C12MDP being more effective than similar doses of EHDP in decreasing bone resorption. Osteoclast population parameters were increased with all doses of both C12MDP and EHDP with C12MDP having a greater effect than similar doses of EHDP. Decreases in the proliferation of the osteoprogenitor pool parallel the decreases in osteoblasts and bone formation parameters. These decreases in osteoprogenitor pool proliferation do not account for the increases with diphosphonates in osteoclast population parameters.
Effets métaboliques et intestinaux des acides gras à chaîne courte

Resume Les recherches recentes ont permis de preciser les effets metaboliques et intestinaux des acides gras a chaine courte (AGCC) dans des modeles experimentaux et chez l'homme. Il existe des bases physiologiques suffisamment importantes pour justifier des etudes controlees de l'administration des AGCC chez des patients selectionnes presentant un dysfonctionnement intestinal.
Palliative Procedure for Treatment of Transposition of the Great Vessels

1. Extreme efforts at palliation seem indicated in the very young infant with transposition of the great vessels and no accompanying defects of note since good candidates for later total correction may thereby be preserved. [see table in the PDF file] 2. A palliative procedure is presented wherein an atrial septal defect is created, and the blood flow from the inferior vena cava is diverted through the defect. 3. Presented are nine patients less than two months of age and with arterial oxygen saturations less than 35% who underwent the described procedure. 4. There were two early and two late deaths. The survivors are all doing well clinically and have required no further procedure.
Effect of cobalt source on the reduction properties of silica-supported cobalt catalysts

Abstract The bulk and surface reduction properties of silica-supported cobalt catalysts are influenced by the identity of the cobalt salt employed in catalyst preparation. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to characterize the reduction, calcination, and catalytic behaviors of a series of 6 wt.% Co/SiO 2 catalysts prepared from nitrate, chloride, and acetate precursors. TPR profiles in hydrogen of the uncalcined catalysts reveal that reduction of Co(NO 3 ) 2 /SiO 2 occurs via an initial reductive decomposition of the nitrate ions, producing CoO x SiO 2 surface species that are much more difficult to reduce to metallic cobalt than is the unsupported nitrate salt. Complete reduction of the silica-supported acetate is also markedly inhibited compared to that of the unsupported salt. By contrast, reduction of CoCl 2 /SiO 2 occurs in a single step that is virtually unaffected by the presence of the silica support. XRPD analysis confirms that precalcination of the three catalysts at 500°C prior to reduction leads to the formation of Co 3 O 4 with the nitrate- and chloride-derived catalysts, but not with the acetate-derived material. TPR profiles and XPS spectra indicate that isothermal reduction in hydrogen at 400°C is much less complete for the uncalcined catalysts than for the calcined materials, particularly for the nitrate and acetate precursors. Exposure of the uncalcined, hydrogen treated catalysts to a H 2 /CO reaction mixture at 250°C results in further reduction of Co 2+ to Co 0 for the nitrate- and acetate-derived catalysts, which had been only slightly reduced by the prior hydrogen treatment, and partial re-oxidation of Co 0 to Co 2+ for the chloride-derived material, which had been largely reduced by the hydrogen treatment.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient With Myelomeningocele

The pathophysiology of hip subluxation and advanced arthritic changes in patients with myelomeningocele is usually due to a muscle imbalance between intact hip flexor and adductor muscles and weak gluteal and abductor muscles. Operative options include resection arthroplasty, hip arthrodesis, and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Each option has been reported to be fraught with complications. Previous reports of THA in these patients have largely been unsuccessful with catastrophic failures characterized by instability and early loosening. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with L4 level myelomeningocele with a neurogenic dysplastic advanced arthritic left hip with subluxation. She underwent a successful THA with unique combination of implants that allowed for maximal options in this challenging clinical situation.
On the primality of n ! ± 1 and 2×3×5×...× p ±1

For each prime p, let p# be the product of the primes less than or equal to p. We have greatly extended the range for which the primality of n! ± 1 and p# ± 1 are known and have found two new primes of the first form (6380! + 1, 6917! - 1) and one of the second (42209# + 1). We supply heuristic estimates on the expected number of such primes and compare these estimates to the number actually found.
Brief Robust pole clustering in a good ride quality region of aircraft for matrices with structured uncertainties

This paper presents a general analysis of robust pole clustering in a good ride quality region (GRQR) of aircraft for matrices with structured uncertainties. This region is an intersection of a ring and a horizontal strip, located in the left half-plane, which is a specific [email protected] region providing good ride quality of aircraft. The paper applies the Rayleigh principle along the norm theory to analyze robust pole clustering within this region since the generalized Lyapunov theory is not valid for [email protected] regions. Concerned uncertainties are structured/parametric uncertainties, including interval matrices. The results are useful for robust control analysis and design, especially, of robust good ride quality of aircraft, shuttles, vehicles and space station, as well as some industrial systems. An example of the F-16 dynamics for which GRQR is suitable is included to illustrate the results.
Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of perfusion and diffusion in stroke: Evolution of lesion volume and correlation with clinical outcome

A prospective longitudinal diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI/PWI) study of stroke patients (n = 21) at five distinct time points was performed to evaluate lesion evolution and to assess whether DWI and PWI can accurately and objectively demonstrate the degree of ischemia-induced deficits within hours after stroke onset. Patients were scanned first within 7 hours of symptom onset and then subsequently at 3 to 6 hours, 24 to 36 hours, 5 to 7 days, and 30 days after the initial scan. Lesion evolution was dynamic during the first month after stroke. Most patients (18 of 19, 95%) showed increased lesion volume over the first week and then decreased at 1 month relative to 1 week (12 of 14, 86%). Overall, lesion growth appeared to depend on the degree of mismatch between diffusion and perfusion at the initial scan. Abnormal volumes on the acute DWI and PWI (<7 hours) correlated well with initial National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke scale scores, outcome NIH stroke scale scores, and final lesion volume. DWI and PWI can provide an early measure of metabolic and hemodynamic insufficiency, and thus can improve our understanding of the evolution and outcome after acute ischemic stroke.
Properties of Spray-Dried Combinations of Milk and Fruits and Vegetables

Abstract The properties of products made by spray drying purees of 17 different fruits and 16 different vegetables alone or combined with skimmilk were studied. Natural flavors and colors, although proportionately diluted by skimmilk addition, were retained in the freshly dried products. Shelf life (air-pack, room temperature) varied from a few weeks to a year or more among the different products. Loss of color and development of haylike flavor in carrot, pumpkin, and tomato powders in 2-4 wk were attributed to carotenoid oxidation. Apple, banana, pea, prune, and sweet corn products were virtually unchanged after storage for 12 to 18 months. Determined moisture content of samples from 81 products ranged from 1.6 to 6.0%. Monomolecular layer moisture contents derived from desorption isotherms by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) equation ranged from 3.9 to 11.8%. The products varied considerably in bulk density: however, no attempt was made to control this property. Except for the presence of fibrous particles, microscopic appearance of the various powders resembled that of spray-dried milk.
Enzymatic synthesis of deoxypentose phosphate.

LITTLE is known about the pathway of biological synthesis of deoxypentose. As a component of deoxypentose nucleic acid, the synthesis of this sugar must play an important part in the metabolism of cell nuclei.
Interrelationship between poly (ADP-Rib) synthesis, intracellular NAD levels, and muscle or cartilage differentiation from mesodermal cells of embryonic chick limb

Mesodermal cells of embryonic chick limbs have the capacity to differentiate into either muscle or cartilage. Previous reports from this laboratory show a correlation between pyridine nucleotide levels and this differentiation, and thus suggest that fluctuations in the cellular NAD levels play a role in the control of muscle versus cartilage development. Poly(ADP-Rib) is chromatin-associated and forms from the polymerization of NAD with the excision of nicotinamide. The studies reported here show that: (A) the rate of net synthesis of poly(ADP-Rib) is correlated with the differentiation of chondrogenic cells from stage 24 limb mesodermal cells grown in vitro; (B) inhibition of chondrogenic expression caused by exposure to nicotinamide or BrdUrd is correlated with maintenance of basal levels of poly(ADP-Rib) synthesis, and this inhibition is dependent on the concentration of nicotinamide or BrdUrd exogenously supplied; (C) potentiation of chondrogenic expression caused by exposure of limb mesodermal cells in vitro to 3-acetylpyridine is correlated with stimulation of the rate of poly(ADP-Rib) synthesis if corrected for the specific activity of the ATP pool or compared to untreated cultures on a per cell basis; (D) isolated chromatin from mesodermal cells has the enzymatic machinery for synthesizing poly(ADP-Rib); (E) this machinery is inhibited by nicotinamide, thymidine, and 3-acetylpyridine; and (F) newly synthesized poly(ADP-Rib) is either associated with a discrete fraction of chromatin or is completely extracted from chromatin by the high column salts, which result in an aggregation with eventual elution at the exclusion volume position of the agarose column. Taken together, these observations provide a possible explanation for how fluctuations in cellular NAD levels can communicate with or be "sensed" by genomic related machinery and eventually result in differtial phenotypic expression.
Data fusion based target tracking in FLIR imagery

In this paper, we review the recent trends and advancements in decision fusion based target tracking in FLIR image sequences. In particular, we discuss four target tracking algorithms and two data fusion algorithms that have been used for single/multiple target detection and tracking purposes. Each tracking algorithm utilizes various properties of targets and image frames of a given sequence. The data fusion algorithms employ complementary features of two or more of the above mentioned algorithms. The data fusion technique has been found to yield better performance compared to the alternate algorithms as shown by the test results obtained using real life FLIR image sequences.
INFLUENCE OF MANNITOL ON ABSORPTION AND RETENTION OF RUBIDIUM BY EXCISED CORN ROOTS

A B S T R A C T Excised root segments of corn were subjected to osmotic stress by immersion in solutions of mannitol before, during, or after a period of Rb absorption. Both the time course of uptake (or loss) and selectivity of uptake were studied. Stress before or during the absorption period reduced Rb absorption to 20 % or less of that of controls, whereas it had no detectable influence on the constancy and selectivity of uptake. Stress imposed following a period of Rb accumulation caused root segments to lose only slightly more Rb than controls during the first 30 min, after which rates of change were insignificant in both. Segments stressed after the Rbabsorption period retained from 70-90 % as much Rb as did the controls, even after two hours. The comparatively great quantitative difference between effect of stress on uptake and its effect on loss is interpreted to mean that the mechanism of stress-induced reduction of ion absorption cannot be adequately explained on the sole basis of increased efflux of ions. TERRESTRIAL PLANTS in many plant communities are commonly subjected to periods of drought. Since most plants survive all but the most extreme water deficit, clearly their physiological processes are able to adjust to and recover from periods of water stress. The effects of water stress on various physiological processes were reviewed (Vaadia, Raney, and Hagan, 1961), but little conclusive
North Atlantic SST Forcing of the NAO and Relationships with Intrinsic Hemispheric Variability

[1] Large (100-member) ensembles of GCM experiments are conducted to examine the atmospheric response to a North Atlantic SST tripole with warm anomalies off the US Eastcoast and cold anomalies north of 40°N and south of 25°N. The response varies seasonally with the model's intrinsic variability, producing a strong NAO pattern only in February–April, the same months in which the model's internal variability projects strongly on the NAO. The response is significantly different for positive and negative SST tripoles, reproducing nonlinearity present in observational composites. The anomalous surface heat flux associated with the strong late-winter/spring response implies a significantly reduced damping of the SST anomaly, and in some areas even a positive thermal feedback between the atmosphere and the ocean.
Optimal parallel algorithms for multiple updates of minimum spanning trees

Parallel updates of minimum spanning trees (MSTs) have been studied in the past. These updates allowed a single change in the underlying graph, such as a change in the cost of an edge or an insertion of a new vertex. Multiple update problems for MSTs are concerned with handling more than one such change. In the sequential case multiple update problems may be solved using repeated applications of an efficient algorithm for a single update. However, for efficiency reasons, parallel algorithms for multiple update problems must consider all changes to the underlying graph simultaneously. In this paper we describe parallel algorithms for updating an MST whenk new vertices are inserted or deleted in the underlying graph, when the costs ofk edges are changed, or whenk edge insertions and deletions are performed. For multiple vertex insertion update, our algorithm achieves time and processor bounds ofO(log n·logk) and nk/(logn·logk), respectively, on a CREW parallel random access machine. These bounds are optimal for dense graphs. A novel feature of this algorithm is a transformation of the previous MST andk new vertices to a bipartite graph which enables us to obtain the above-mentioned bounds.
B-vitamin changes during growth of cucurbit and tomato fruits.

IN AN EARLIER paper (Withner, 1949) the changes in concentration of B-vitamins during the growth of cucurbit and tomato leaves were described. This paper continues that study by presenting data on the B-vitamin changes during the growth of the fruits from the same plants. As noted previously, the general purpose of this investigation has been a biochemical approach to the problem of the control of growth in plants. Past studies (Sinnott, 1945) of growth rates of cucurbit fruits have shown that during early development growth occurs at approximately equal exponential rates for both large and small-fruited varieties. The rate falls off markedly several days before the maturity of the fruit. Size difference results from the fact that the large-fruited strains continue exponential growth for a few days longer than the smaller varieties. An explanation of the processes which allow the exponential rate to continue longer in the large fruits, or to cease earlier in the small fruits, is a problem of primary significance. In more general terms, what are the biochemical factors that actually control growth, which enable some cells to go on dividing while others of a similar nature no longer do so, which determine how much building material will enter a growing organ? By determining the part played by the vitamins in the physiological ontogeny of fruits and the possible relationship of the vitamin concentrations to the problem of fruit size a start toward the understanding of these questions has been made. At this laboratory Mrs. Wilson (1947) made the first investigations of changes in vitamin concentrations in the fruits of several lines of cucurbits which differed genetically in fruit size. She analyzed them for riboflavin, niacin, and thiamin. The present study extends her work on two of the cucurbit lines by including ten B-vitamins and bv including tomato varieties as another fruit type for comparison.
Partitioning And Tearing Applied To Cellular Array Processing

Cellular arrays are regular structures of computing elements with fixed and simple modes of communication and control. they exhibit both parallel computation and pipelined data flow to achieve high performance for the execution of regular algebraic operations, as in matrix multiplication and solution of simultaneous linear equations. This paper is concerned with the use of partitioning and tearing algorithms to deal with problems which are not matched to the array size or have certain irregularities in structure. Lack of regularity may arise from a sparse model formulation or from irregularity in data flow, caused by pivoting failure during elimination. We provide specific algorithms for stable solution of partitioned linear equations, without conventional pivoting, and briefly discuss their use in efficiently handling sparse equation models.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transition-metal nanocluster stabilization for catalysis: A critical review of ranking methods and putative stabilizers

Abstract A significant problem in the burgeoning transition-metal nanocluster literature is the myriad of proposed, putative stabilizers. A main objective of the present contribution is to provide a critical review of the methods for, and current rankings of, claimed transition-metal nanocluster stabilizers, with a focus on catalytically active nanoclusters. Following a brief introduction to the literature methods for evaluating colloidal stabilizers (methods which are 41 and 105 years old), the need for modern methods to measure nanocluster stability via agglomeration kinetics is presented. Discussed next is the one presently available method for evaluating additives (i.e., putative stabilizers) for the formation and stabilization of transition-metal nanoclusters, the so-called 5 criteria method; this is followed by a scheme presenting established nanocluster stabilization modes. Next, a table of 48 prototype examples of established and novel nanocluster stabilizers is presented, followed by a discussion of each stabilization mode with selected, representative examples. One conclusion of this review is that it is clear that reliable, quantitative studies ranking claimed nanocluster stabilizers, and understanding of how they work, are just now appearing. A second conclusion is that given the lack of quantitative methods to measure stability and thereby rank stabilizers, it follows that much of the information regarding nanocluster stabilization is not on firm ground. This first review of transition-metal nanocluster stabilizers is just the initial step towards achieving the overall goal of simplifying the “dizzying variety” of claimed nanocluster stabilizers into a preferred, small set of solvents and stabilizers en route to high stability, high catalytic activity nanoclusters.
Alternative Planning Tool for Small Metropolitan Planning Organization in Utah

Current practice in modeling network traffic for planning applications is a four-step travel demand forecasting model (trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, and traffic assignment) that requires travel surveys and specialized technical staff to operate. Although such a modeling approach has been used in practice in major metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), many small MPOs usually do not have sufficient resources to conduct travel surveys or to house technical staff for model development and maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to develop a simplified planning tool specifically targeted at small MPOs. A case study of a small MPO in Utah demonstrates how the tool can be implemented in practice.
A comparative study of the phycoerythrin chromophore

Abstract Phycoerythrobilin was shown to be the chromophore of all known red biliproteins, the phycoerythrins. The reality of a second chromophore, phycourobilin, in some phycoerythrins is considered. No evidence could be marshalled to support the contention that the so-called phycourobilin is a specific in vivo chromophore. Rather it appears to be a protein-phycoerythrobilin complex with absorbance properties similar to a bilene (urobilin). Chroomonas phycocyanin contains only the phycocyanobilin chromophore.
Evidence of Initial-state Two-Center Effects for (e, 2e) Reactions

Coincidence, or (e, 2e), measurements of electron-impact ionization of atoms have established that the largest values of triply differential cross sections are obtained in collisions involving small momentum transfer to the target. Absolute measurements for these reactions are now available for hydrogen at 54.4-eV impact energy, and relative data have recently been reported at 27.2 eV. Previous theoretical works have concentrated on employing asymptotically correct two-center wave functions for the final state, leaving the initial state described by the Born approximation. Here we report results for which asymptotically correct two-center wave functions are used for both the initial and final states of the scattering system. Comparison of these results with experiment reveals that two-center effects (projectile-target correlations) are also important in the initial state.
The Montessori Preschool: Preparation for Writing and Reading.

Dr. Maria Montessori was a perceptive observer of the learning processes of children, and nowhere is this revealed more clearly than in her approach to language. She viewed reading as the ultimate abstraction of language rather than a specific skill to be taught. Decoding is the skill to be taught. The concept of indirect and direct preparation for learning is of major importance in the rich heritage she gave us. She saw the existence of an epigenesis of intellectual functioning, which implies that the experiential roots of a given schema, or learned behavior, will lie in antecedent activities that may be quite different in structure from the schema to be learned. She used this principle effectively. This article discusses how Montessori’s method and materials address the indirect and direct preparation for learning written language.
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA targeting Parp1 extends survival of mice bearing tumors derived from Brca1-deficient ovarian cancer cells

Inhibition of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) with small molecules has been shown to be an effective treatment for ovarian cancer with BRCA mutations. Here, we report the in vivo administration of siRNA to Parp1 in mouse models of ovarian cancer. A unique member of the lipid-like materials known as lipidoids is shown to deliver siRNA to disseminated murine ovarian carcinoma allograft tumors following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. siParp1 inhibits cell growth, primarily by induction of apoptosis, in Brca1-deficient cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the treatment extends the survival of mice bearing tumors derived from Brca1-deficient ovarian cancer cells but not from Brca1 wild-type cells, confirming the proposed mechanism of synthetic lethality. Because there are 17 members of the Parp family, the inherent complementarity of RNA affords a high level of specificity for therapeutically addressing Parp1 in the context of impaired homologous recombination.
An Unusual Foreign Body in the Urinary Bladder Mimicking a Parasitic Worm

We report an unusual case of a foreign body removed from the urinary bladder of a 63-year-old male which mimicked a parasitic worm. The foreign body was identified as an artificial fishing worm by morphological comparison to a similar commercially produced product and by infrared spectrum analysis.
Characterization of fatigue behavior of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic (LFT) composites

Abstract Fatigue behavior of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (polypropylene/20 vol.% E-glass fiber) is presented in terms of stress – number of cycles to failure curves. Samples tested along longitudinal direction showed a higher fatigue life than the transverse samples which can be explained by the preferential orientation of the fibers along the longitudinal direction developed during the processing. Fatigue life decreased with increase in frequency. Hysteretic loss and temperature rise were measured; they depended on the stress amplitude as well as the cyclic frequency. Long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite showed a lower temperature rise compared to unreinforced PP because long fiber reinforced thermoplastic has higher thermal conductivity than unreinforced PP and thus faster heat dissipation to the surroundings occur. The hysteretic heating also led to decrease in the modulus of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic as a function of number of cycles due to the softening of the matrix during fatigue cycling and depended on stress amplitude and frequency of the test.
A POSSIBLE INTERRELATION BETWEEN GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN OBESITY

Abstract The urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (D.H.A.) and the glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G.-6-P.D.) activity of red blood-cells was measured in obese patients. Percentage excess body-weight was positively correlated with G.-6-P.D. activity. At the same time a negative correlation seemed to exist between the percentage excess body-weight and the urinary excretion of D.H.A. Higher urinary D.H.A. values were observed while the patients were losing weight. These findings suggest a possible relation between G.-6-P.D. and D.H.A. which could explain the pathogenesis of some types of obesity.
Palm distributions and local approximation of regenerative processes

For a regenerative process X with associated local time random measure ξ, the distribution relative to some fixed times \(\) has a simple description in terms of the excursion kernel (νr) and the Palm distributions Qt with respect to ξ. Under suitable regularity conditions on ξ, the Qt admit versions with strong continuity and regularity properties. Using the latter versions, we may establish some local invariance and mixing properties of X and show that the multivariate Palm distributions \(\) can be approximated by ordinary conditional distributions.
Automated high-level reasoning for deception detection: Two scenarios demonstrated

Work that deals with automated approaches to identify deception is of great interest to the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense. The approach followed here is novel in that deception is identified on the basis of actions. A formalized logic programming approach to this problem is applied successfully to two dramatically different scenarios. What is fascinating is that the same reasoning architecture works successfully with both scenarios. Different, non-overlapping strategies have been discovered that assist in endowing the system with commonsense reasoning.
Subacute Disseminated Mucormycosis in a Diabetic Male

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic invasive infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Rhizopus, Absidia, and Mucor are the most commonly encountered genera. Disease is characterized by vascular invasion, thrombosis, and tissue necrosis. Rhinocerebral disease is the most common manifestation but pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and widely disseminated forms have been reported. Pulmonary and disseminated disease are usually seen in neutropenic patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Both present as fever and unexplained pulmonary infiltrates unresponsive to antibacterials and corticosteroids. Disease is usually fulminant and has a high mortality rate. Diagnosis is most commonly made at autopsy. A single case of disseminated disease is reported that is unusual in its subacute course and its occurrence in an otherwise healthy non-neutropenic diabetic male.
A molecular approach for the diagnosis of wood rotting disease in desert citrus.

Brown heartwood rot is an increasingly important problem in southwestern deserts, affecting numerous native tree species, and commercial lemon production. Two fungal pathogens, Coniophora ere- mophila and Antrodia sinuosa, have been identified as causal agents of brown heartwood rot in citrus. Development of effective disease management strat- egies relies on the ability to readily identify and dis- tinguish between the pathogens; therefore we have developed molecular markers as an alternative to morphometric methods to differentiate these two economically important pathogens. Random ampli- fied polymorphic DNA analysis identified four prim- ers that revealed fungal polymorphisms. Polymorphic DNA fragments were cloned, sequenced, and used to create a 700 bp sequence characterized amplified re- gion (SCAR) in C. eremophila isolates using sequence- specific primers, Conio7 and Conio8. Three frag- ments (300, 650, and 1000 bp) were amplified with Conio7 and Conio8 in A. sinuosa isolates. A rapid, small scale method for DNA extraction from fungus was developed to expedite the technique. With this method, the usefulness of the Conio7 and Conio8
MEMS Wafer-Level Packaging with Conductive Vias and Wafer Bonding

Micromachined accelerometers were packaged at wafer-level using both via-last and via-first approaches. In the via-last approach, a through-hole etched cap wafer was bonded to a micromachined device wafer using glass frit. Interconnections from the bond pads on the device wafer to the top of the cap wafer were made through the holes using sputter-deposition of metals. The bonded pair was then solder bumped, and diced for individually packaged devices. In the via-first approach, the cap wafer vias were filled by poly-crystalline silicon before bonding. After the Al to Al thermo-compression bonding of the cap and MEMS wafers, the vias were exposed by back-grinding. The exposed vias were then redistributed and solder-bumped. The wafer-level packaged three-axis accelerometer demonstrated the same functionality as production accelerometers when it was probed in wafer form as well as when it was mounted on a board.
Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus with autoantibodies recognizing multiple skin basement membrane components, bullous pemphigoid antigen 1, laminin-5, laminin-6, and type VII collagen.

Background Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus is a generalized subepidermal blistering skin eruption in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. Type VII collagen was initially identified as the target antigen. Observation We studied an unusual patient who had bullous systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient fulfilled the criteria of systemic lupus with an antinuclear antibody titer of 1:5120. Immunopathological testing revealed in vivo deposition of all IgG subclasses, secretory IgA1, and both light chains at the patient's skin basement membrane. The in vivo–bound IgG and IgA were localized at the hemidesmosomes and lamina densa. The patient's IgG and IgA circulating autoantibodies labeled both the epidermal roof and the dermal floor of salt-split skin and recognized the hemidesmosomal protein BP230 as well as the full-length native form and the recombinant noncollagenous domain 1 of type VII collagen (anchoring fibril). In addition, the patient's IgG autoantibodies recognized the anchoring filament proteins laminin-5 and laminin-6 (α3 chain and γ2 chain). Conclusions We conclude that patients with bullous systemic lupus erythematosus may have autoantibodies to multiple basement membrane components critical for epidermal-dermal junctional adhesion. Possible pathogenic mechanisms in this patient's clinical diseases include provocation of organ-specific disease (bullous disease) by systemic autoimmunity (lupus) and the "epitope spreading" immune phenomenon.
Society In Transition I: A Broader Congressional Agenda for Equal Employment-The Peace Dividend, Leapfrogging, and Other Matters

In the early 1940s, the NAACP devised a legislative agenda that addressed the most pressing concerns of black Americans: lynching, segregation, debt peonage, voting rights, criminal justice, equitable funding for public education, equal employment opportunities, and equal access to union membership.1 In the last fifty years, this civil rights program has generated a "Civil Rights Establishment"2 that now embraces Latinos, women, the aged, and the disabled, and includes government officials concerned with minority and women's issues and an impressive array of professional and academic talent.3 The movement has helped pass legislation that addressed many of the concerns embodied in the early civil rights strategy and that
Regional Craft Specialization in the Jomon Culture of Japan: Evidence From the Chemical Analyses of Atamadai Pottery

Atamadai style pottery was a mica-tempered ware in use throughout the Kanto and Chubu regions of Japan during the first half of the Middle Jomon sub-period. Since mica has only a limited distributi...
Secure communication via chaotic parameter modulation

In this letter, we extend chaotic switching to general chaotic parameter modulation. By using adaptive controller, synchronization between transmitter and receiver is maintained and message signal is recovered. Computer simulation results are given.
Superficial erbium:YAG laser resurfacing of photodamaged skin.

Background: Light chemical peels and microdermabrasion have enjoyed recent popularity for the treatment of mild photoaging. However, clinical improvement from these modalities is often minimal from both a patient's and physician's perspective. Erbium:YAG lasers have been effective in treating mild to moderate photoaging, but the need for either regional or general anesthesia, as well as the significant post‐treatment recovery period has limited its use.Objective: We sought to utilize a very low fluence approach to erbium:YAG laser resurfacing, with topical anesthesia, to ascertain its efficacy in treating mild to moderate photoaging.Methods: A total of 250 subjects aged 28–80 years with skin types 1–4 and mild to moderate facial rhytids were treated with topical anesthesia and subsequently one pass of a 2940 nm erbium:YAG laser, using between 5 and 17.5 J/cm2. In addition, 58 of the treated facial subjects underwent neck resurfacing with fluences between 5 and 15 J/cm2 and eight treated facial subjects un...
Does size and location of the vital signs monitor matter? A study of two trauma centers.

We report the results of an observational study in which we compared how the size and location of the vital signs monitor impact teamwork at two trauma centers. Our observations focused on three factors: information exchange, situational awareness, and ergonomic issues. We found that the smaller display was difficult to view and required more team communication and workarounds, such as periodic verbal reports. The larger and closer display, although accessible to more team members, did not uniformly improve team’s situational awareness because vital signals were not verbalized and the monitor was often ignored. We suggest introducing multiple larger and closer displays, while keeping the practice of periodic verbal reporting.
LONG-TERM OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF STARR PLICATION FOR PRIMARY OBSTRUCTIVE MEGAURETERS

ABSTRACT Purpose: The Starr technique of tapering megaureters was first reported in 1979. Although this method of ureteral plication is well known, to our knowledge there are no clinical studies regarding outcomes. We report the first long-term outcome results with the Starr technique for primary obstructive megaureters. Materials and Methods: Three girls and 10 boys with a total of 16 primary obstructive megaureters (3 bilateral) underwent reimplantation with Starr plication between 1988 and 2000. Baseline and followup renal function (average followup 6.2 years) was determined with renal scan and/or 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance. Average age at operation was 5.6 years (range 2 months to 13 years). All ureters were plicated using the Starr technique with interrupted polydioxanone sutures performed by a single surgeon (CEH). Reimplantation methods were the Hendren technique in 7 and Politano-Leadbetter in 9. Results: No ureter demonstrated obstruction postoperatively. One ureter refluxed, which resolved with subureteral collagen injection. Seven patients had mean preoperative and postoperative creatinine clearance ± SD 72.9 ± 14.8 and 102.1 ± 10.9 cc per minute, respectively (p Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that Starr plication is a safe procedure that provides long-term stabilization of renal function in the management of primary obstructive megaureter.
A genetic and developmental analysis of mutations in the Deformed locus in Drosophila melanogaster

Individuals expressing recessive mutations in the Deformed (Dfd) locus of Drosophila melanogaster were examined for embryonic and adult defects. Mutant embryos were examined in both scanning electron microscope and light microscope preparations. The adult Dfd recessive mutant phenotype was assessed in somatic clones and in survivors homozygous for hypomorphic alleles of the gene. The time of Dfd+ action was determined by studying a temperature conditional allele. Dfd+ is required in three embryonic cephalic segments to form a normal head. Mutant embryos of Dfd display defects in derivatives of the maxillary segment, of the mandibular segment, and of some more anterior segments. In the adult fly, defects are seen in the posterior aspect of the head when the gene is mutant. A transformation from head to thoracic-like tissue is seen dorsally and a deletion of structures is seen ventrally. Shift studies utilizing a temperature conditional allele have shown that the gene product is necessary during at least two periods of development, during embryonic segmentation and head involution and during the late larval and pupal stages. From these studies we conclude that Dfd is a homeotic gene necessary for proper specification of both the embryonic and the adult head.
Repair of the injured spinal cord and the potential of embryonic stem cell transplantation

Traditionally, treatment of spinal cord injury seemed frustrating and hopeless because of the remarkable morbidity and mortality, and restricted therapeutic options. Recent advances in neural injury and repair, and the progress towards development of neuroprotective and regenerative interventions are basis for increased optimism. Neural stem cells have opened a new arena of discovery for the field of regenerative science and medicine. Embryonic stem (ES) cells can give rise to all neural progenitors and they represent an important scientific tool for approaching neural repair. The growing number of dedicated regeneration centers worldwide exemplifies the changing perception towards the do-ability of spinal cord repair and this review was born from a presentation at one such leading center, the Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center. Current concepts of the pathophysiology, repair, and restoration of function in the damaged spinal cord are presented with an overlay of how neural stem cells, particularly ES cells, fit into the picture as important scientific tools and therapeutic targets. We focus on the use of genetically tagged and selectable ES cell lines for neural induction and transplantation. Unique features of ES cells, including indefinite replication, pluripotency, and genetic flexibility, provide strong tools to address questions of neural repair. Selective marker expression in transplanted ES cell derived neural cells is providing new insights into transplantation and repair not possible previously. These features of ES cells will produce a predictable and explosive growth in scientific tools that will translate into discoveries and rapid progress in neural repair.
What Is Hidden in My Data? Practical Strategies to Reveal Yule–Simpson’s Paradox and Strengthen Research Quality in Health Education Research

Yule-Simpson's paradox (YSP) often occurs when statistical data are aggregated from multiple groups, research sites, or time points. If YSP-type effects go unrecognized, health educators risk yielding erroneous and spurious findings or misinterpreting study data. These paradoxical effects may be avoided if health researchers carefully consider strategies to avoid YSP at the onset of and throughout research studies. This article presents strategies to reduce or avoid YSP-type effects across multiple stages of the research process. A practical checklist is also provided to minimize the likelihood YSP will go unnoticed in research studies. Language: en
Recent Improvements in Survival in Primary Systemic Amyloidosis and the Importance of an Early Mortality Risk Score

OBJECTIVE To examine whether the outcome of patients with primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) has improved over time and to identify predictors of early mortality in patients with AL. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 2 separate cohorts of patients. The first cohort, consisting of 1998 patients with AL seen at Mayo Clinic between January 1977 and August 2006, was used to examine the trends in overall survival (OS) from diagnosis during this 30-year period. The second cohort, consisting of 313 patients seen between September 2006 and August 2009, was used to validate a model for predicting early mortality. RESULTS The 4-year OS from diagnosis improved during each decade of follow-up: 21%, 24%, and 33%, respectively, for the periods 1977-1986, 1987-1996, and 1997-2006 ( P P =.02). However, the 1-year mortality remained high during the 30-year period. A risk stratification score using cardiac troponin T, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, and uric acid identified patients at risk of early mortality. The 1-year mortality with 0, 1, 2, or 3 risk factors was 19%, 37%, 61%, and 80%, respectively, in this training cohort of 459 patients. This was confirmed in a validation cohort of 313 patients. CONCLUSION Survival in AL has improved over time, with maximum improvement occurring in the past decade. However, early mortality remains high, and prospective identification of patients at risk of early mortality may allow development of risk-adapted strategies.
Program synthesis by analogy

By extending a given analogy, a known program which solves a given problem is converted to a program which solves a different but analogous problem. The domains of the two problems need not be the same but they must be related by an initial specified analogy. There are three features which distinguish the approach. First the analogy formation evolves gradually with the synthesis of the new program. Secondly the formation of the analogy is directed by the correctness proof of the known program. Finally the output of the synthesis process produces a correctness proof for the synthesized program.
Use of a personal computer for the real-time reception and analysis of data from a sounding rocket experiment

In September 1988, the Earth and Planetary Atmospheres Group of the Space Sciences Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley flew an experiment on a high-altitude sounding rocket launched from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. The experiment, BEARS (Berkeley EUV (extreme ultraviolet) Airglow Rocket Spectrometer), was designed to obtain spectroscopic data on the composition and structure of the Earth's upper atmosphere. The objectives of BEARS and the BEARS experiment, the computer interface and software, the use of remote data transmission, and calibration, integration, and flight operations are discussed. >
Effects of arterial oxygen content on peripheral locomotor muscle fatigue.

The effect of arterial O2 content (CaO2) on quadriceps fatigue was assessed in healthy, trained male athletes. On separate days, eight participants completed three constant-workload trials on a bic...
A novel Stochastic Clustering Auction for task allocation in multi-robot teams

It will be shown that the global cost of the task allocations obtained with fast greedy algorithms can be improved upon by using a class of auction methods called Stochastic Clustering Auctions (SCAs). SCAs use stochastic transfers or swaps between the task clusters assigned to each team member, allow both uphill and downhill cost movements, and rely on simulated annealing. The choice of a key annealing parameter and turning the uphill movements on and off enables the converged solution of a SCA to slide in the region between the global optimal performance and the performance associated with a random allocation. The first SCA, called GSSCA, was based on a Gibbs Sampler, which constrained the stochastic cluster reallocations to simple single transfers or swaps. This paper presents a new and more efficient SCA, called SWSCA, based on the generalized Swendsen-Wang method that enables more complex and efficient movements between clusters by connecting tasks that appear to be synergistic and then stochastically reassigning these connected tasks. For centralized auctioning, extensive numerical experiments are used to compare the performance of SWSCA with GSSCA in terms of costs and computational and communication requirements. Distributed SWSCA is then compared with centralized SWSCA using communication links between robots that were motivated by a generic topology called a “scale free network.”
An Enterprise Messaging Middleware for Mobile Services

In this paper, we introduce a messaging middleware for enterprise services in wireless environments. The proposed middleware enables seamless integration between mobile devices/users and enterprise services. Mobile users send their requests to the enterprise system which replies by sending back the requests' results to the mobile user. We adopt object-oriented analysis methods to provide for in-depth description and analysis of the messaging middleware.
The human incudomalleal joint. Chondroid articular cartilage and degenerative arthritis

The articular cartilage of the incudomalleal joint appears to be secondary or chondroid cartilage, formed and maintained by the synovial cells of the joint space. It might be considered epiphyseal cartilage, forming chondroid cartilage and chondroid bone normally within the deep cartilage of the joint. The early joint changes seen with age consist of globule formation and cell clustering in the superficial cartilage layer, with gradual transformation to a chondro-osseous matrix at the surface. The changes of degenerative arthritis are loss of surface demarcation, focal surface defects, and foci of thinning and absence of the intra-articular disc with approximation of uneven, calcified joint surfaces.