cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer science and minority colleges & universities: The Jackson State University NSF educational computing network

Jackson State University is the lead institution in a Cooperative Regional Educational Computing Network. The network is funded by the National Science Foundation. When it began operating in January, 1974, it involved eleven (11) other participating institutions. Now there are seventeen (17).The purpose of the network is to provide appropriate equipment, with an accompanying massive educational effort, so as to allow each of the participating institutions to become more aware of the academic implications of computers. The ultimate goal is to profoundly affect basic curricula.The results have been positive. Some faculty at participating institutions have reconstructed course content so as to include the use of the computer at appropriate points in their courses. More positive is the fact that a large number of students from disadvantaged educational and cultural backgrounds now have access to interactive computing.
Long non-coding RNAs and control of gene expression in the immune system

All cells of the immune system rely on a highly integrated and dynamic gene expression program that is controlled by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as important regulators of gene expression in diverse biological contexts. lncRNAs control gene expression in the nucleus by modulating transcription or via post-transcriptional mechanisms targeting the splicing, stability, or translation of mRNAs. Our knowledge of lncRNA biogenesis, their cell type-specific expression, and their versatile molecular functions is rapidly progressing in all areas of biology. We discuss here these exciting new regulators and highlight an emerging paradigm of lncRNA-mediated control of gene expression in the immune system.
The nonlinear behavior of varicose disturbances in a simple model of the Gulf Stream

Abstract The behavior of varicose (width-altering) and mixed (sinuous-varicose) disturbances to an equivalent barotropic, f -plane jet is examined using analytical and numerical techniques. Specifically, we show that long waves are subject to nonlinear steepening, and we follow the evolution of such disturbances past the point of wave-breaking using the method of contour dynamics. Depending on the potential vorticity structure of the model, quantified by a parameter r , and on the amplitude of the initial wave, a variety of effects are produced including undular bores, ejected filaments, detaching eddies, and aneurisms. Most significantly, we show that r values in the range thought appropriate to the Gulf Stream produce detached eddies similar in appearance to "warm outbreaks". Measurements of the propagation speed of Gulf Stream width values using satellite imagery support the prediction of wave steepening at long wavelengths.
Effects produced by acute and chronic treatment with granisetron alone or in combination with haloperidol on midbrain dopamine neurons

Abstract In this study, we examined the effects of acute and chronic administration of the 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist granisetron (0.1, 1.0 or 10 mg/kg i.p.) alone or in combination with haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) on the number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNC or A9) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA or A10). This was accomplished using the technique of extracellular single unit recording. Acute granisetron at 0.1 mg/kg, but not at higher doses, selectively decreased the number of spontaneously active A10 DA cells. Chronic administration of 0.1 or 1 mg/kg granisetron selectively decreased the number of spontaneously active A10 dopamine cells compared tocontrols, mimicking the effect produced by chronic treatment with the atypical neuroleptic drug clozapine. However, unlike the effect produced by neuroleptics, this granisetron-induced effect was not reversed by the systemic administration of apomorphine (50 μg/kg). These results suggest that the chronic granisetron-induced reduction of the number of spontaneous active dopamine cells is not the result of depolarization inactivation. Chronic coadministration of granisetron with haloperidol negates the effects produced by either compound alone. Acute coadministration of granisetron with haloperidol also attenuated or abolished haloperidol's action, particularly that on the A9 dopamine cells. Overall, it appears that at 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg, chronic granisetron may possess atypical neuroleptic drug potential. However, the combination of haloperidol and granisetron nullifies changes in midbrain dopamine neurons observed with either agent alone.
Histochemical studies on the spinal cord of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).

Detailed histochemical observations have been made on the various components of the spinal cord. The gray matter showed much greater enzymatic activity than the white matter. The neuropil and substantia gelatinosa showed mild G6PD, AChE and BChE activity; moderate SDH, LDH, SE and AC activity; and strong AP, ATPase, and AMPase activity. The pia-arachnoid showed moderate to strong activity of dehydrogenases and phosphatases. The cytoplasm of the neurons and neuronal processes gave moderate to very strong reaction for most of the enzymes except BChE. The areas of synaptic endings show the presence of oxidative enzymes, phosphorylases, ATPase and AMPase. It has been interesting to note that phosphorylases, which have been mostly observed in the cytoplasm, nucleoli and synaptic areas of various neurons and in the neuropil, also show intensely strong reactions in the nuclei of ependymal cells lining the central canal as well as in nuclei of some glial cells.
Component restoring force identification for damage identification in vehicle suspension systems

This paper presents a methodology for detecting and tracking the progress of mechanical damage in vehicle suspension system components. The area entrained by restoring force diagrams is proportional to the magnitude of internal forces acting between two points of a system, and the shape indicates the type of internal force. Mechanical damage causes a change in the internal force distributions of a system and, hence, the area and shape of the restoring forces. Operating acceleration response data are used to generate the restoring force curves. Individual damage mechanisms are identified by their particular effects on the internal loads.
Gö6976 inhibits LPS-induced microglial TNFα release by suppressing p38 MAP kinase activation

Microglial responses to endotoxin, including the synthesis of inflammatory factors, contribute to gliosis and neuron degeneration in cultured brain tissue. We have previously shown that Go6976, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory factors in microglia and afforded marked protection of neurons from glia-mediated cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to identify the signal transduction pathway underlying the neuroprotective effect of Go6976. Go6976 suppressed the LPS-induced release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in the microglial cell line, BV2. We show in this study the inhibitory effect of Go6976 on TNFalpha release occurring through suppression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and not through a PKC mechanism. While Go6976 did not inhibit the activity of p38 MAPK directly, it did suppress its activation by phosphorylation, indicating the target of action of Go6976 is a signaling event upstream of p38 MAPK. Although Go6976 is considered a selective inhibitor of certain PKC isozymes, suppression of TNFalpha production was not mediated through inhibition of PKC activity. Go6976 appears to play a novel role in neuroprotection by suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of p38 MAPK in microglia, rather than a PKC isoform.
Mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease following stem cell transplantation: preliminary findings

The therapeutic benefits of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic disorders are limited by the significant morbidity and mortality of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Current agents for the prevention and treatment of GVHD have limited efficacy and often result in toxic side-effects. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a new immunosuppressant with a selective mechanism of action. When employed following solid organ transplantation, MMF reduces the incidence and severity of acute rejection episodes. By selectively targeting activated lymphocytes, the active metabolite of MMF, mycophenolic acid (MPA), appears to augment the actions of standard immunosuppressant agents without adding overlapping toxicities. Studies of combination regimens that include MMF report that this agent permits a dose reduction of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or corticosteroid, without increasing the incidence of acute rejection in solid organ transplants. Reports on the efficacy of MMF following stem cell transplantation in animal studies were mixed. However, the use of a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen with a post-graft immunosuppressive regimen of MMF and cyclosporine was able to sustain stable mixed chimeras in 60% to 80% of dogs who received hematopoietic grafts from DLA-identical littermates. MMF has demonstrated activity in preliminary clinical trials for GVHD prophylaxis, and treatment of acute or chronic GVHD. Larger clinical trials are warranted to determine the optimum dose and route of MMF administration for GVHD, as well as the comparative safety and efficacy of MMF-containing regimens.
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: An Analysis of Current Management Strategies in a Single Institution

Background Repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) continues to be associated with significant mortality. We reviewed patients undergoing consecutive TAPVC repairs over a 10-year period at Children's Hospital Boston. The impact of current surgical and perioperative management strategies on short-term outcomes (postrepair pulmonary venous obstruction and mortality) is evaluated. Methods All patients with surgically corrected TAPVC from November 1989 to December 2000 were included. Charts were reviewed for patient demographics, operation variables, and postoperative course. Results There were 123 patients in the cohort, of which 72 (59%) were male. The median age and weight at operation were 10 days and 3.6 kg, respectively. Sixty-eight (55%) patients presented with pulmonary venous obstruction, and 65 (53%) underwent emergent TAPVC repair. Thirty-nine (32%) had single-ventricle anatomy, and 84 (68%) had two-ventricle anatomy. Thirty patients (24%) died. Kaplan-Meier survival at 1 month was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55% to 75%) for single-ventricle patients versus 90% (95% CI, 90% to 100%) for two-ventricle patients; at 36 months it was 47% (95% CI, 35% to 59%) versus 87% (95% CI, 81% to 93%), respectively. By Cox multivariable regression analysis, a single ventricle (p Conclusions Despite current interventions, single-ventricle patients continue to have a worse prognosis than two-ventricle patients.
Acrylic resin teeth: an aid in fixed partial denture construction.

Summary Acrylic resin teeth can be used in the construction of many types of crown and partial denture restorations. Their use simplifies the fabrication of crowns, posts, and pontics. A pattern made from an acrylic resin tooth is precarved, can be easily modified to the desired contour, and does not fracture when it is handled. Temporary partial dentures and crowns can be constructed quickly with a good esthetic result, and lost crown facings can be easily replaced by grinding a selected acrylic resin tooth to fit the “window” in the metal restoration.
A characterization of Granger-Sims exogeneity

Abstract We give a simple characterization of Granger-Sims exogeneity as a zero partial correlation between the present and past values of one series and the future values of another. The derivation also gives a simple proof of the Granger and Sims definitions.
Radiographic evaluation of defects created in mandibular condyles

Abstract Twenty-four defects were created in mandibular condyles. These were divided into two groups of twelve (small and large). Seven radiographic techniques were utilized, and their effectiveness in demonstrating these defects was evaluated. A variety of condyles was selected for evaluation with respect to size as well as horizontal and vertical angulation. The created defects varied greatly with respect to size and location. After examination of each of the created defects in the condyles with each of the radiographic techniques, the created defects were localized with silver amalgam and re-examined with the radiographic techniques. The radiographs of each condyle were compared for visualization of the defects. With all techniques used in this study, visualization of the smaller defects was very poor. The technique that scored the highest for visualization of all defects was corrected anterior-posterior laminagraphy.
Lower vertebrates from the late Eocene Crow Creek local fauna, St. Francis County, Arkansas

ABSTRACT A diverse late Eocene fauna of lower vertebrates is described based on collections made at the Crow Creek Quarry, St. Francis County, Arkansas. Many of the taxa are reported from the late Eocene deposits of Arkansas for the first time. Paleoecological conditions evidenced by the vertebrate remains indicate that deposition occurred under hyposaline conditions adjacent to warm marine waters. This is in agreement with earlier studies of associated molluscan remains and sporomorphs of the region.
Mutual coupling in adaptive circular arrays

A simple technique that underlines the necessity of including mutual coupling (MC) effects during the adaptation process of an adaptive array is presented in this paper. This is demonstrated by illustrating the degradation in performance of an adaptive uniform circular array if the adaptive beamforming algorithm ignores MC effects. Simulation results show that by applying the complex excitation currents obtained at the convergence of the adaptive algorithm in ideal conditions, the resulting performance of the adaptive antenna in a real situation, where MC effects are involved, is very poor. As a practical example, a uniform circular array of half-wavelength dipoles was considered. The LMS algorithm was employed for the adaptive beamforming and the MC information was derived using the induced EMF method.
Androgen-stimulated pubertal growth : the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in the treatment of short stature and delayed puberty

The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of androgenic and estrogenic mechanisms in the stimulation of structural growth and plasma GH in male puberty. To resolve these two possible mechanisms, we compared the effect of two androgens in the treatment of constitutional delay in growth and adolescence: an aromatizable androgen, testosterone (T), and a nonaromatizable androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Nine adolescent males, Tanner stage 1 or 2, were studied before and during treatment with T enanthate (group A) or DHT heptanoate (group B). After 2.5 months of treatment, the height velocity (HV) was 12.6 +/- 2.8 cm/yr (n = 3) in group A and 8.9 +/- 1.7 cm/yr (n = 6) in group B, both within the range of peak HV for pubertal males. In group A, the integrated concentration of GH (ICGH) increased from 3.12 +/- 0.90 to 13.67 +/- 6.0 micrograms/L (P < 0.05), and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFI) increased from 126.7 +/- 2.5 to 350.3 +/- 20.3 micrograms/L (P < 0.01); plasma T increased from 0.8 +/- 0.5 to 33.8 +/- 11.0 nmol/L (P < 0.001), and the LH response to LHRH decreased from 27.6 +/- 10.7 to 5.9 +/- 2.5 IU/L (P = NS). In group B, ICGH decreased from 4.32 +/- 0.61 to 2.39 +/- 0.42 (P < 0.025), and IGF-I decreased from 218.3 +/- 39.2 to 184.0 +/- 15.8 (P = NS). Plasma T increased from 2.0 +/- 0.5 to 2.7 +/- 0.8 (P = NS), and the LH response to LHRH decreased from 45.7 +/- 14.5 to 10.7 +/- 5.8 (P < 0.05). To further evaluate the mechanism of the effect of DHT on plasma GH, seven male subjects with adolescent gynecomastia were treated with DHT heptanoate, and their responses were studied at 1 week and 3.5 months. ICGH decreased in conjunction with a decrease in the integrated T concentration (r = -0.77; P < 0.001) and to a slight degree with decreasing plasma estradiol (r = -0.39; P < 0.2). Plasma IGF-I did not show a significant change in the subjects with gynecomastia. Thus, the increase in GH at puberty in males appears to be due to an estrogen-dependent mechanism. The suppressive effect of DHT on GH secretion may be due to either suppression of estradiol production or a direct effect. Acceleration of HV into the peak pubertal range by DHT without an increase in plasma GH suggests that an increase in GH is not necessary for the pubertal growth spurt.
Raman Scattering from Electronic Excitations in n-Type Silicon Carbide

We have performed Raman measurements at 8 K on the $6H$ polytype of SiC nominally doped with 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ and 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ nitrogen donors per ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. The 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ samples showed electronic transitions of ${E}_{2}$ symmetry at 13.0, 60.3, and 62.6 meV that we interpret as $1s({A}_{1})$ to $1s(E)$ valleyorbit transitions at the three inequivalent donor sites having symmetries that are, respectively, hexagonal, cubic, and cubic. To check the assignment of the electronic transitions to the inequivalent sites we studied the Raman spectrum of the $15R$ polytype of SiC doped with nitrogen. This polytype has five inequivalent sites: two hexagonal and three cubic. We observed two transitions at roughly 7.7 and 11.6 meV, which we assign to the hexagonal sites, and two levels at 50.6 and 54.9 meV and possibly a level at 46.0 meV, which we assign to the cubic sites. These large site-dependent differences in energy within the donor ground state point to a breakdown of effective-mass theory. The ${E}_{2}$ symmetry of these transitions in the $6H$ polytype was used to show that the conduction-band minima must lie along the line $\mathrm{ML}$ at the edge of the Brillouin zone. An interference was observed between the 13-meV electronic transition and an ${E}_{2}$ phonon of the pure crystal ($6H$) at 18.6 meV. We have proposed a phenomenological theory and obtained the electron-phonon coupling constant from a fit to theory. The 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ sample revealed a Raman continuum with ${E}_{2}$ symmetry extending to about 65 meV that interfered strongly with the 18.5-meV phonon and also with a 33.1-meV ${E}_{2}$ phonon. The ${E}_{2}$ symmetry and the interference effect suggest that the continuum retains some properties of localized levels even at concentrations greater than 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$, where the metallic transition occurs. This sample also exhibited LO-phonon-plasmon coupling. The high-frequency mode (${L}_{+}$) was observed and was highly asymmetric with ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{P}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{1}{3}$. These parameters were found by assuming the line shape to be proportional to $\mathrm{Im}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, where $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is the total dielectric constant. Due to the large damping the low-frequency mode (${L}_{\ensuremath{-}}$) was broadened and very small compared to the high-frequency mode. Finally an ${E}_{2}$ vibrational mode in the gap region of the SiC phonon spectrum was observed at 78.8 and 79.6 meV for nitrogen concentrations of 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ and 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$, respectively, in the $6H$ polytype and at 78.6 meV in the $15R$ polytype.
Febuxostat for treatment of chronic gout

Purpose The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of febuxostat are reviewed. Summary Febuxostat is a novel non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase for the management of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. The ability of febuxostat to decrease serum uric acid production through selective inhibition of enzyme xanthine oxidase has been established in short-term Phase II and III clinical trials and long-term open-label studies. Clinical studies have revealed that febuxostat lowers serum uric acid levels more potently than allopurinol while having minimal effects on other enzymes associated with purine and pyrimide metabolism. The most frequent adverse events reported in clinical trials with febuxostat were liver function abnormalities, nausea, arthralgias, and rash. More cardiovascular thromboembolic events occurred in randomized trials in patients treated with febuxostat. Although a causal relationship has not been established, patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction and stroke. Febuxostat is available as 40- and 80-mg tablets. The recommended starting dosage is 40 mg orally once daily. If serum uric acid concentrations are not less than 6 mg/dL after two weeks, the dosage can be increased to 80 mg orally once daily. Dosage adjustments are not needed in elderly patients or patients with mild or moderate renal or hepatic impairment. Conclusion Febuxostat is efficacious as a second-line therapy in lowering serum uric acid levels in patients with gout. Febuxostat may be an alternative for patients with gout who are unable to take allopurinol due to hypersensitivity, intolerance, or lack of efficacy.
CURRICULUM APPROVAL IN ILLINOIS COMMUNITY COLLEGES: LOCAL AND STATE PROCESSES

Following a discussion of the historical relationship between education and democracy, from which the concept of curriculum emerges as a legitimate field of research, this paper traces the development of curricular diversity in U.S. two‐year institutions and reviews the control and coordinating functions of curriculum governance in the community college systems of several states. The paper focuses on the system of curricular administration in Illinois, in which primary responsibility rests with the local two‐year school board and a coordinating function with a state agency, the Illinois Community College Board (ICCB). The state process is summarized and the local process of course and program approval from initiation to implementation in Illinois community colleges is identified. The data suggest that while the state role in curricular governance is formally defined as one of coordination, the local community college curriculum administrators may in fact view it as one of control.
Looking-Glass Self: Goffman as Symbolic Interactionist

My thesis is that for most of his career, Erving Goffman was a symbolic interactionist in the Cooley line. The only sustained theoretical structure in Goffman's work before 1974 follows Cooley's conjecture of the looking-glass self. Cooley assumed shared awareness, that we “live in the minds of others.” He also realized that shared awareness is virtually invisible in modern societies and proposed pride or shame as the emotions that resulted. Goffman emphasized embarrassment over shame and implied a fourth step beyond Cooley's three: the management of embarrassment or shame. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life is dense with these emotions. Goffman proposed conceptual definitions of the embarrassment and shared awareness that are central to Cooley's idea. The conjunction of shared awareness and emotion in Goffman's examples may be the main feature that arouses reader sympathy. Two hypotheses are formulated here, along with techniques that might be used to test or apply them.
A non-recursive solution for the linear rational expectations model

This paper summarizes two new results on the solution of linear rational expectations models arising from optimizing behavior. The first result concerns the development of conditions under which the general solution of the Euler equation associated with the Linear Rational Expectations (LRE) model can be obtained by finding the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of its characteristic matrix polynomial. 1 The second result concerns the development of conditions under which the general solution of the Euler equation associated with the LRE model becomes the globally asymptotically stable particular solution of that equation. The conditions of these two results take the form of restrictions on the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the characteristic matrix, polynomial associated with the Euler equation of the LRE model. The usefulness of these results stems primarily from two facts. First, these results may be combined with the generaiized Wiener-Kolmogorov prediction formulae to obtain a non-recursive 'as dosed as possible to a closed form' solution to the LRE model. 2'3 Second, this solution is established under less restrictive conditions than the recursive solution of Hansen and. Sargent
Behavioral Identification and Assessment of Gifted and Talented Students

Forty-five gifted students and 45 regular education students without identified exceptionalities were rated by teachers and administrators on the Clinical Assessment of Behavior (CAB), a third-party behavior rating scale that rates students’ adaptive and behavior problems. The gifted students in this study were rated significantly higher on three adaptive behavioral scales/clusters: Competence, Executive Function, and Gifted and Talented. In addition, the gifted students were rated significantly lower on several clinical scales/clusters, including Anxiety, Depression, Attention Deficit, Learning Disability, Autistic Spectrum, Mental Retardation, as well as the total scale score. The results indicated that gifted and talented students displayed overall better behavioral adjustment than their regular education peers and that the CAB may be useful as part of the identification process for gifted and talented students.
An ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer as a gas chromatographic detector. The effect of continuous trapping on performance

Abstract Use of an ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) mass spectrometer in the continuous trapping mode as a detector for a gas chromatograph (GC) is illustrated. The long residence time of the ions in the ion source makes ion/molecule reactions inherent to the technique. These reactions are useful in aiding in the identification of samples eluting from the GC. Furthermore, under the continuous trapping conditions, the spectra are pressure-independent. Factors governing the mass resolution of the ICR spectrometer and chromatographic resolution of the GC-ICR combination are evaluated. In so doing, a closed-form expression is derived for the residence time of an ion in a trapping ICR cell.
Effects of cellobiose and glucose on cellulose hydrolysis by both growing and resting cells of Bacteroides cellulosolvens

The cellulase system of Bacteroides cellulosolvens was subjected to both catabolite repression and feedback inhibition by cellobiose. Cellulose-solubilizing activity was 50% inhibited at a cellobiose concentration of 2.6 g/L and completely inhibited by 12 g/L. Glucose at 12 g/L (the highest concentration tested) had no effect on cellulase activity. Supplementation of B. cellulosolvens cellulase with beta-glucosidase resulted in increased conversion of cellobiose to glucose; however, a constant cellobiose pool size of approximately 7 g/L was maintained. (Refs. 23).
Optimization of Commercial Satellite Transponders and Terminals

The work presented here gives new methods to calculate the required satellite transponder power as well as required terminal power for an entire network of terminals on the transponder. These methods allow the system designer to choose the smallest terminals to meet the required data rates and to see the effects on the required satellite power. Several equations tie together all system parameters for a commercial satellite network including all ground terminals. These results are easily extended to the military case where the transponder gain is specified.
Vacuum Fumigation of Pineapple Planting Material

Preliminary tests to determine the resistance of planting material and its parasites to various dosages of gases applied in a vacuum fumigator. Planting material proved to be quite intolerant to carbon bisulphide, considerably more resistant to chlorpicrin and withstood, without injury, heavy charges of hydrocyanic acid gas. The last also gave satisfactory control of the parasites within the tolerance limits of the host.
Coupled surface plasmons in structures with thin metallic layers

If the negative-permittivity region in a layered structure is very thin (≲ 300 A for Ag at 6328 A excitation), the two surface plasmons at its interfaces couple in its interior to yield a coupled-surface-plasmon mode whose propagation constant increases with decreasing layer thickness. These modes were observed by measuring reflectance versus angle of incidence through a high-index prism for TM-polarized light. For very thin Ag films, the reflectance minimum diverges from the phase-matching condition, as determined from independently measured refractive indices and thicknesses. This divergence apparently arises from separation of the pole and the zero in the reflectance versus propagation vector as the Ag thickness is decreased.
Potentiation by naltrexone of d-amphetamine-induced behavioral suppression and its reversal by clonidine

Abstract Rats were trained to perform a fixed ratio-15 operant for food reinforcement during a 30 minute daily session. Naltrexone, in doses up to 45 mg/kg administered 15 min before the behavioral session, failed to disrupt responding. However, 0.3 and 1.0 mg naltrexone/kg produced a dose related potentiation of the operant behavioral suppression induced by 1.0 mg d-amphetamine/kg injected immediately before the session. The naltrexone/d-amphetamine combination also produced excessive salivation and postural abnormalities not seen when either drug was administered alone. [A subsequent study indicated that the salivation induced by naltrexone in combination with d-amphetamine may require previous exposure to naltrexone and/or d-amphetamine.] Blockade of dopamine receptors with pimozide did not modify the interaction. Functional noradrenergic blockade with a low dose of clonidine significantly reversed the potentiated suppression, of operant behavior, as well as the excessive salivation and abnormal posture. These data suggest that there is an important noradrenergic component to the interaction of naltrexone with d-amphetamine. The impressive interaction of behaviorally inactive doses of naltrexone with a moderate dose of d-amphetamine reported here for rats may have clinical implications for detoxified opiate addicts maintained on naltrexone in antagonist therapy programs.
New multiply-bonded dimetal compounds containing bridging 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidinato groups—I. The V24+, Cr24+ and Mo24+ compounds and some salts of the protonated ligand

Abstract The reactions of Lihpp with vanadium(II) chloride, chromium(II) chloride and tetrakis(trifluoroacetato)dimolybdenum produce the dinuclear tetrabridged compounds V2(hpp)4, 1, Cr2(hpp)4, 2, and Mo2(hpp)4, 3. Compound 1 crystallizes as red blocks in the space group P 1 with unit cell dimensions, a = 8.489(2), b = 9.709(2), c = 9.835(2) A , α = 89.98(3), β = 73.04(3) and γ = 79.29(3)° . This compound contains the shortest known vanadium to vanadium bond, 1.932(1) A. Compound 2 crystallizes as orange blocks in the space group P 1 with unit cell dimensions, a = 8.488(2), b = 9.687(2), c = 9.747(2) A , α = 90.89(3), β = 100.86(3) and γ = 106.42(3)° . This compound contains a ‘supershort’ chromium to chromium bond, 1.8517(7) A. Compound 3 crystallizes as red blocks in the space group P 1 with unit cell dimensions, a = 8.455(2), b = 9.702(2), c = 10.094(2), α = 88.84(3), β = 72.01(3) and γ = 79.89(3)° and has a short molybdenum to molybdenum bond distance of 2.067(1). Both 2 and 3 have MM bonds distances shorter than most analogous compounds containing nitrogen donor atom bridges. The basicity of Hhpp is also evidenced by the formation of the cation [H2hpp]+ upon reaction with trifluoroacetic acid and acetic acid. [H2hpp][O2CCF3], 4, crystallizes as colorless needles in the space group P21/c with cell dimensions, a = 7.431(2), b = 13.243(2), c = 11.741(2), β = 96.50(3)°. [H2hpp][O2CCH3], 5, crystallizes as colorless needles in the space group P21/n with cell dimensions, a = 7.888(2), b = 11.182(2) c = 11.902(2), β = 91.91(3)°.
Generation of a Transgenic Mouse with Lung-specific Overexpression of the Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

The purpose of the studies described here was to test the hypothesis that overexpression of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the distal airway epithelia of mice would result in amelioration of the inflammatory effects of IL-1alpha. The coding region of the human IL-1ra gene was placed under transcriptional control of the 5' flanking region of the human SP-C gene. Transgenic mice were generated by pronuclear injection of the transgene and identified by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA. RNA expression of the transgene was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. In order to determine whether expression of the transgene conferred protection against inflammatory stimuli, control and transgenic mice were treated with IL-1alpha by intratracheal instillation. Six hours after treatment, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, which revealed a statistically significant decrease in the degree of neutrophilia in the transgenic mice as compared with control mice. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the whole-lung myeloperoxidase concentration. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of whole-lung RNA revealed a significant reduction in the messenger RNA/beta-actin ratio of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-2 in the transgenic animals as compared with controls. The results of these studies indicate that distal airway epithelial cell expression of human IL-1ra results in partial protection from IL-1alpha-induced airway inflammation and injury.
Variation in threshold voltage of n-MOS natural transistors

This work reports on the spread in threshold voltage and flat-band voltage of natural n-MOS enhancement mode transistors on the wafer and wafer-to-wafer processing by the low thermal budget process. It is shown that the threshold voltage (Vth) varies within ± 10mV to ±20mV around the average value of 0-44 V. The flat-band voltage (VFB) varies within ±15mV around the average value of 1 -05 V. The variation in VFB and Vth is also marginal from wafer-to-wafer.
Measurement of intrinsic exchange rates of amide protons in a 15N-labeled peptide.

We have used a modified version of a previously proposed technique, MEXICO [Gemmecker et al. (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 11620], and improved data analysis procedures in order to measure rapid hydrogen exchange (HX) rates of amide protons in peptides labeled only with 15N. The requirement of 13C-/15N-labeled material has been circumvented by adjusting conditions so that NOE effects associated with amide protons can be neglected (i.e., ω0τc~1). The technique was applied to an unstructured 15N-labeled 12-residue peptide to measure intrinsic HX rates, which are the essential reference for examining protein and peptide structure and dynamics through deceleration of HX rates. The method provided accurate HX rates from 0.5 to 50 s-1 under the conditions used. The measured rates were in good agreement with those predicted using correction factors determined by Englander and co-workers [Bai et al. (1993) Proteins, 17, 75], with the largest deviations from the predicted rates found for residues close to the N-terminus. The exchange rates were found to exhibit significant sensitivity to the concentration of salt in the sample.
High bandwidth analog SQUID simulator

We describe the design, construction, and performance of an electronic analog of a dc SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device). This SQUID simulator is characterized by bandwidth exceeding 1.5 MHz and low noise consistent with the performance of modern de SQUID devices. The flux modulation current to output voltage transfer function and the input and output impedances are similar to those of common SQUID designs. We will present results on the performance of this simulator used with SQUID control electronics having flux modulation frequencies up to 500 MHz.
Introduction: Putting the MIXED back into quantitative and qualitative research in educational research and beyond: Moving toward the radical middle

Although in the last 25 years the methodology of mixed research (also known as mixed methods research) has developed substantially, there are still many vocal critics at both ends of the methodological spectrum (i.e., at the extreme quantitative and qualitative ends). Some of these critics attempt to continue the paradigm wars. Yet, as a collection of research communities, what is needed is mutual respect among all researchers, regardless of epistemological orientation. Mixed researchers can play an important role in promoting this mutual respect. However, it is not enough for mixed methodology researchers to exist in an epistemological space that lies somewhere between the quantitative and qualitative epistemological spaces. Rather, mixed researchers should strive for what is the radical middle, which should not be a passive and comfortable middle space wherein the status quo among quantitative and qualitative epistemologies is maintained, but rather a new theoretical and methodological space in which a socially just and productive coexistence among all research traditions is actively promoted, and in which mixed research is consciously local, dynamic, interactive, situated, contingent, fluid, strategic, and generative. In this editorial, I will identify mental models that problematize the current methodological divide. In so doing, I contend that moving toward the radical middle represents an important step in uniting research communities. I will challenge mixed researchers to guide researchers from other communities toward a more constructivist view of epistemological spaces. To this end, I will outline five themes - represented by the acronym MIXED - for promoting the radical middle.
Fabrication of Nickel/Zirconium Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Electrochemical Method

In this work, preparation of discontinuous nickel films on zirconium by electrochemical deposition of Ni-Cu alloy followed by selective anodic etching of the more noble metal, copper, was performed in an aqueous solution at room temperature. Potential varying electrodeposition produces were applied to obtain Ni-Cu alloys on Zr substrate. It is found that the Ni content increases as the deposition potential becomes more negative. Cyclic voltam-metric data indicate that the anodic dissolution of nickel is retarded by passivation. By taking the advantage of nickel passivation, selective anodic etching of Cu is achieved. Multicyclic electrochemical alloying/dealloying process makes the film rich of nickel and complete dealloying of copper.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Search for supersymmetry with a light gravitino at the Fermilab Tevatron and CERN LEP colliders.

We analyze the prospects for discovering supersymmetry at the Fermilab Tevatron and CERN LEP colliders in the scenario that the lightest supersymmetric particle is a gravitino of mass \ensuremath{\lesssim}1 keV. We consider in particular the case that the lightest neutralino has a nearly 100% branching fraction into gravitino+photon within the detector. This implies that supersymmetric events should contain both missing (transverse) energy and two energetic photons. Therefore, one can search for supersymmetry simply through inclusive production of superpartners. We consider the exclusion and reach capabilities of the Tevatron in exploring the supersymmetric parameter space, and study the efficiencies which can be achieved in this search. We also consider the discovery reach and backgrounds at LEP with $\sqrt{s}=160, 175, \mathrm{and} 190$ GeV.
Awareness of vitamin D deficiency states and recommended supplementation doses: Survey of faculty and staff at a medical school

Summary Background & aims Adequate vitamin D is essential for good health. It is important that physicians are aware that deficiency occurs even in areas with plentiful sunshine. Methods We used e-mail distribution lists to anonymously survey physicians (MDs) and non-physicians (non-MDs) of a Southeastern USA medical school in order to determine awareness of conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency, percentage of subjects who had had their vitamin D levels checked, percentage of subjects who were aware they had low vitamin D, MD-recommended doses for supplementation, and MD factors associated with recommending doses >800 IU/day. Results A minority (21%) of all subjects had their vitamin D level checked and two thirds of those who knew their level reported it low. Multivariate logistic regression showed: 1) having vitamin D checked was associated with personally taking vitamin D, 2) MDs were more likely to take vitamin D than non-MDs, and 3) a trend that MDs who had their vitamin D level checked recommended higher supplementary doses (≥800 IU/day) for their patients. Conclusions Low self-reported vitamin D levels are prevalent in our sample of MDs and non-MDs living in an area of the USA with plentiful sunshine.
Natural frequency information for circular and annular plates

Abstract This paper presents the results of an extensive literature search and review of available sources of numerical natural frequency information for stationary circular and annular elastic plates. In addition to the source, information is given regarding the specific plate theory, boundary conditions, geometric properties and material properties used to determine the natural frequency information. Sources of information are tabulated according to the above parameters for easy reference and selection of desired information. A description of the various plate theories, including the basic governing partial differential equation of motion, is also given. This information may be particularly useful to experimentalists and designers when natural frequency data are required without the need for detailed analysis.
Syntheses of Group 14 bis(tert-butylamido)cyclodiphosph(III)azane dichlorides, and the solid-state structures of the silicon and tin derivatives

Abstract To test the synthetic utility of bis( tert -butylamido)cyclodiphosph(III)azanes as ligands we extended the coordination chemistry of these diamides from Group 4 to Group 14. The syntheses of compounds of the formula cis -[ t BuNP(μ- t BuN) 2 PN t Bu]ECl 2 , E = Si ( 1 ), Ge ( 2 ), Sn ( 3 ) and the solid-state structures of 1 and 3 are reported. Silicon tetrachloride reacted with dilithiobis( tert -butylamido)cyclodiphosph(III)azane to cleanly produce cis -[ t BuNP(μ- t BuN) 2 PN t Bu]SiCl 2 , but for the germanium and tin analogues the interaction of GeCl 4 or SnCl 4 with the diazastannylene cis -[ t BuNP(μ- t BuN) 2 PN t Bu]Sn proved to be a better method. Single-crystal X-ray studies on both 1 and 3 revealed that they had C s -symmetric structures, the central element being coordinated by two amide nitrogens and two chlorides, in addition to being weakly coordinated by one of the cyclodiphosph(III)azane ring nitrogens. Using structural comparisons between crystallographically-independent 1a and 1b , between 1 and 3 , and between 3 and its isomorphous zirconium analogue, the nature of this donor bond is discussed.
Determinants of body weight among men of different sexual orientation.

Abstract Objective To investigate eating habits and exercise behaviors as mediators in the relationship between sexual orientation and BMI in men. We hypothesized that sexual minority men (SMM) that is, men who identify as either homosexual or bisexual, have a lower BMI due to healthier eating habits and increased physical activity compared to heterosexual men. Method We used weighted data from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey to produce population-based estimates of the California male population. Numerous measures of eating and exercise habits, including daily servings of fruits and vegetables, and participation in varying levels of physical activity, were used in multiple regression models to test for mediation. Results We found that SMM had significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to straight men. Mediation was not confirmed, rather eating habits and exercise habits had an independent effect on BMI. Conclusions Because sexual orientation has an independent effect on BMI that is not mediated by eating or exercise behaviors, other factors explain the differences in BMI status between sexual minority and straight men.
The use of AMI meters and solar PV inverters in an advanced Volt/VAr control system on a distribution circuit

Advanced systems for the control of voltage and reactive power flow on distribution circuits offer benefits including energy savings and improved voltage regulation. Such systems require voltage sensing and control elements at numerous locations along the circuit. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) communicating meters and Smart Inverters associated with photovoltaic systems are being deployed in large numbers. Along with their other benefits, these meters and inverters can serve as the distributed voltage sensors and control elements for an Advanced Volt/VAr Control (AVVC) system. This paper describes the preliminary design of one such system.
Development Mobilities: Identity and Authority in an Angolan Development Programme.

This ethnographic essay considers how international non-governmental organisations are able to make claims to authoritative knowledge about development work by offering the transnational mobilities of their staff members as evidence. I examine how one professional's biography—his trajectory from Angola to Britain and back again—was differentially presented to external donors and internal staff members as befitting the institutional needs of an international good governance intervention in Angola. These presentations reflect a commoditisation of the cosmopolitanism of professionals' histories in the service of development as a regime of mobility. I argue that, in this development regime, a global hierarchy prevents some individual professionals, particularly those from developing nations, from realising the same benefits of their cosmopolitan mobility as professionals from industrialised nations. While one of mobility studies' many strengths is that it highlights global interconnectedness, social scientist...
Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) of the spleen: Case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTION Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the spleen (SANT) is a rare benign vascular lesion of the spleen with extensive sclerosis and unknown etiology.
Care Ethics and Natural Law Theory: Toward an Institutional Political Theory of Caring

Feminist care ethics have generally been considered too particular and situational to provide the basis for an institutional political theory. In recent years, however, a number of feminist authors have demonstrated care ethics’ applicability to general moral and political problems. Yet they have not yet developed an institutionally based caring political theory. This article outlines such a theory by drawing upon contemporary natural law theory. It is argued that contemporary natural law theory provides a framework for formulating a caring political theory, and, alternatively, that care theory provides a foundation for justifying a form of natural law theory.
Discovery and initial SAR of arylsulfonylpiperazine inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1).

Abstract High-throughput screening of a small-molecule compound library resulted in the identification of a series of arylsulfonylpiperazines that are potent and selective inhibitors of human 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1). Optimization of the initial lead resulted in the discovery of compound (R)-45 (11β-HSD1 IC50 = 3 nM).