cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prior Infection with Cytomegalovirus Is Not a Major Risk Factor for Angiographically Demonstrated Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

To determine if cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a risk factor for primary coronary artery disease (CAD), the association between CMV infection and CAD (>50% blockage in any coronary artery) was investigated in nearly 900 successive nontransplant patients undergoing coronary angiography. By use of logistic regression, older age (P <.001), white race (P <.001), gender (P <.001), hypercholesterolemia (P = .04), and other established cardiovascular risk factors (P = .003) were identified as significantly associated with CAD, but CMV seropositivity (P = .462), the level of IgG antibodies to CMV whole cell antigen (P = .98), or the levels of IgG antibodies to CMV glycoprotein B (P = .67) were not. These data suggest that CMV infection is not a major risk factor for the development of primary CAD in adults.
Nursing behaviour and its relation to duration of post-partum amenorrhoea in an Andean community.

Nunoa is a high altitude rural Peruvian community characterized by socioeconomic stratification and differential access to the market economy. Nursing practices and the effects of nursing are also stratified; this translates into a risk of menses at 12 months post-partum nearly seven times greater in wealthier than in poorer women. Most nursing occurs in the morning, among those who practice on-demand breast-feeding. Nursing episodes are clustered into sessions; the amount of breast-feeding is regulated by varying the number of episodes per session rather than by changing the duration of suckling episodes or the frequency of sessions per hour. Thus, resumption of ovulation is not dependent on the variable spacing of nursing episodes or sessions. The components of nursing activity most likely to be responsible for variation in the duration of post-partum amenorrhoea in these nursing women are mean session duration and mean number of episodes per session. The mean duration of morning nursing sessions is negatively associated with infant's age, reflecting the greater reliance of younger children on breast-milk. The mean duration of afternoon nursing sessions is positively associated with mother's age, independent of infant's age, possibly reflecting maternal age-related variation in milk production capabilities. Baby minding by older daughters may also help to explain variation in afternoon nursing.
AR, the cell cycle, and prostate cancer

The androgen receptor (AR) is a critical effector of prostate cancer development and progression. The dependence of this tumor type on AR activity is exploited in treatment of disseminated prostate cancers, wherein ablation of AR function (achieved either through ligand depletion and/or the use of AR antagonists) is the first line of therapeutic intervention. These strategies are initially effective, and induce a mixed response of cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. However, recurrent, incurable tumors ultimately arise as a result of inappropriately restored AR function. Based on these observations, it is imperative to define the mechanisms by which AR controls cancer cell proliferation. Mechanistic investigation has revealed that AR acts as a master regulator of G1-S phase progression, able to induce signals that promote G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity, induce phosphorylation/inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB), and thereby govern androgen-dependent proliferation. These functions appear to be independent of the recently identified TMPRSS2-ETS fusions. Once engaged, several components of the cell cycle machinery actively modulate AR activity throughout the cell cycle, thus indicating that crosstalk between the AR and cell cycle pathways likely modulate the mitogenic response to androgen. As will be discussed, discrete aberrations in this process can alter the proliferative response to androgen, and potentially subvert hormonal control of tumor progression.
Human Image Preference and Document Degradation Models

Because most degraded documents are created by people, the preferences individuals have in relation to degraded documents are quite important. Their preferences may determine whether or not the documents they created are appropriate for machines. The goal of this study was to find relationships between preference and several parameters of a scanner degradation model. It was found that the difference in binarization threshold and the difference in edge displacement caused by the degradation both had strong linear relationships to preference. The width of the point spread function did not show such a relationship. These relationships were counterintuitive because degraded characters with thicker stroke widths than the original were preferred to those that had stroke widths closer to the original character.
Equipment, Medications, and Supplies for a Medical Emergency Team Response

To mount an effective emergency response, medication and equipment resources must be available, reliable, and organized in a way to make them easily usable. Staff must be trained adequately so that they know what their resources are and how to manage them. Standardizing the equipment and medications contributes to a safe system by improving a number of logistic issues, including staff training, performance, error reduction, equipment maintenance and replacement after a crisis, and finally the institution’s ability to revise medication and equipment resources for crises. We believe that improving efficiency and reliability can reduce delays and errors, and contribute to the primary goal of improving patient outcomes following a crisis event.
Motion Picture Restoration

historians, and a large segment of the general ARCHIVISTS, public would count it a catastrophe of immeasurable proportions if a collection containing, for example, all the books and manuscripts of a major field of human knowledge from 1900 to the present was destroyed by fire. Today, at this moment, the record of a whole field of human effort is on fire; yet so few people are concerned that the remains are likely to crumble to a foul-smelling brown dust before the holocaust can be made public, let alone put out or even controlled. The fact is that nitrate-based motion picture films theatrical, newsreel, documentary, historical, and educational are burning as surely as, though more slowly than, the fire that destroyed the great library at Alexandria in the third century A.D. The photographic record of human events and human creativity spans less than 150 years of man's history, and the motion picture documents less than 80. The archival value of such photographic records, however, is in the unique dimension they have added to our understanding of the nature of the world about us and the way the course of human life has been affected by these media from the esthetic to the evidential. Without photography, much of today's world would be out of mind as well as out of sight. Without cinema we would not have what is coming to be described as "the language of our time." The basic problem in the preservation of motion picture materials is that from 1888 to 1951 all 35mm. film was made with a cellulose nitrate base, which is highly flammable and under some circumstances highly explosive, and which, in a state of combustion, is productive of gases that combine with the moisture of the air to produce highly toxic nitric acid.1 Sixteen-millimeter films and (since 195 1 ) all 35mm., 70mm., and magnetic films and tapes are on a triacetate, so-called "safety" base. Fire and explosion are no longer the hazards they used to be, although acetate will burn slowly, shrink, dry out, curl, or succumb to the action of oxidizing or acidic gases, dirt, wear, fungus, water, and even insects. The proper development, fixing, and washing of photo-
A Legislative Legacy: 'Mr. Kappos, We're from the Government and We're Here to Help, So Tell Us How'

Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office David J. Kappos was sworn into service in August 2009 at a time of an unprecedented confluence of challenges for the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The country was in the midst of a recession and economic downturn that negatively affected the revenues of the user fee funded USPTO; Congress was signaling that passage of a broad patent reform bill was imminent; the USPTO had significant infrastructure, particularly technological, problems; uncertainty about full retention of user fees paid to the USPTO was an ongoing concern; and the user community was unhappy with the office regarding recent USPTO procedural decisions, patent quality, and the ever growing backlog of patent applications awaiting examination.In additional to those challenges, Kappos took office during a time when political partisanship and acrimony were at an all-time high and becoming only more contentious and more divided every successive year of Kappos’ tenure. This was the political environment that Kappos started in and had to traverse during his 3 years and 7 months as Under Secretary and Director.Despite all of these obstacles, sixteen pieces of intellectual property related legislation were signed into law during Director Kappos’ tenure. While some commentators have dubbed the 112th Congress the 'Do Nothing Congress', clearly nothing could be further from fact in regards to patent policy and the USPTO. More legislation was introduced and passed in support of the USPTO during Kappos’ term than at any other time in recent memory. Many of these new laws were major pieces of legislation that have had, and will continue to have, profound effects on the USPTO, inventors, businesses, and the national economy. These achievements include: The Foreign and Economic Espionage Penalty Enhancement Act; The Patent Law Treaties Implementation Act; The Trademark Technical and Conforming Amendment Act; The Indian Arts and Crafts Amendments Act; The United States Patent and Trademark Office Supplemental Appropriations Act; The America COMPETES Re-Authorization Act; The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act; and The Leahy-Smith America Invents Technical Correction Act.Such a result was unthinkable at the August 7, 2009 confirmation of David Kappos, a business executive with no Administration or Capitol Hill experience. Yet -- with some missteps but many more successes -- Mr. Smith came to Washington and secured a brighter future for the USPTO and innovation, not just in the United States but worldwide.
D2CyberSoft: A design automation tool for soft error analysis of Dependable Cybercars

Next generation of automobiles (also known as cybercars) will escalate the proliferation of electronic control units (ECUs) to implement novel distributed control applications such as steer-by-wire (SBW), brake-by-wire, etc. Although the use of electronic embedded systems improves performance, driving comfort, safety, and economy for the customer; this electronic control of automotive systems makes these systems susceptible to soft errors, which can significantly reduce the availability of these systems. Enhancing reliability and availability at a minimum additional cost is a major challenge in automotive systems design. In this paper, we propose D2CyberSoft—a design automation tool for cybercars that facilitate cybercar designers in selecting designs with minimum cost overhead to make safety-critical automotive functions less vulnerable to soft errors. D2CyberSoft aids designers by providing built-in models, easy to specify inputs, and easy to interpret outputs. We elaborate Markov models that form the basis of D2CyberSoft using SBW as a case study. We further provide evaluation insights obtained from D2CyberSoft.
The crystal structures of 10,10'-bis(phenoxarsine) oxide and selenide

Abstract The reaction between 10,10′-bis(phenoxarsine) oxide (I) and HI gives 10-iodophenoxarsine. The latter, on treatment with H2Se give 10,10′-bis(phenoxarsine) selenide (II). The crystal structures of I and II have been determined from single crystal X-ray data. The unit cell for I is monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14) with a = 15.976(3) A, b = 10.582(2) A, c = 12.581(2) A, β = 111.70(1)° V = 2018.6 A3; d(calc.) = 1.65Mg/m3 at 23°C for four molecules per unit cell. From 3279 reflections for which I>0.5σ(I), F>σ(F), R = 0.041 with anisotropic thermal parameters for all non-hydrogen atoms and with fixed positions and thermal parameters for hydrogens. One of the phenoxarsina rings deviates from planarity by approximately 5° while the other deviates by more than 24°. The (As[sbnd]O) distances are 1.810(3) and 1.821(3) A for the flat and bent ring and the (As[sbnd]O[sbnd]As) angle is 122.3(1)°. The bond distances to As and O from C are nearly the same for both rings, but the bond angles with As and the ring O as t...
A radiation-induced meningioma "cures" a complex dural arteriovenous fistula.

Objective We report a case of spontaneous thrombosis of an extremely complex dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), believed to be previously incurable, after the development of a radiation-induced meningioma resulting from prior attempts to treat the fistula with radiosurgery. Methods A very large DAVF was treated over the course of 3 decades with a combination of partial embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery with no angiographic or clinical treatment response at long-term follow-up. However, with the development of new neurologic symptoms 13 years after radiosurgery, a meningioma was found to have arisen in the previously irradiated field, and surprisingly, the fistula had spontaneously thrombosed. The meningioma was successfully removed. Results We discuss the unique pathophysiology of the radiation-induced meningioma causing this previously incurable DAVF progressing to obliteration. We also review the natural history of DAVFs, including reported rates of spontaneous occlusion, as well as the success of radiosurgery in their treatment. Finally, the incidence of radiosurgery-induced tumors, particularly meningiomas, is reviewed. Conclusion The relationship between the spontaneous thrombosis of a DAVF and the radiation-induced meningioma is unique and has not previously been reported.
Ambiguity Optimization for Frequency-Hopping Waveforms in MIMO Radars With Arbitrary Antenna Separations

Ambiguity functions are important design tools that characterize the response of radar detectors to mismatched targets. Recently, the authors proposed a new definition of the ambiguity function for radars that perform non-coherent processing. In this paper, this new ambiguity function definition is utilized to optimize frequency hopping waveforms for MIMO radars with arbitrary antenna separations. To this end, ambiguity function expressions for a general MIMO radar with arbitrary antenna separation are derived, and further simplified for frequency-hopping waveforms. Next, a scalar cost function is proposed that expresses the desirability of the ambiguity function associated with any frequency-hopping waveform. Simulation results demonstrate that this cost function can be optimized via heuristic optimization techniques to yield improvements in ambiguity performance.
A Comparative Study of Academic Deans’ Attitudes Toward Marketing Higher Education

The emphasis in marketing higher education has been on aggressive usage of the promotion element of the marketing mix. However, the other elements of the marketing mix need to be included in order to develop an optimum level of marketing for institutions of higher education. Since the programs of study represent one part of the product component for higher education, this study examines the attitudes of academic deans toward the marketing of higher education. Academic deans can have “veto power" over this aspect of the product component. Therefore, their attitudes can indicate how supportive they are of marketing higher education.
Ethnic Identity and Familism Among Latino College Students: A Test of Prospective Associations

The present study examined the longitudinal associations among familism respect and obligations values, ethnic centrality and private regard, and ethnic self-identification. Data were drawn from a socioeconomically diverse sample of Latino students attending a predominantly White university. The selection of a White label was associated with less positive private regard, less ethnic centrality, and less strong endorsement of familism respect and obligation values at the start of the academic year compared to those students who selected a national origin label. There was a complex relationship between ethnic identity and familism values over time. Ethnic centrality supported the growth in familism respect values across time, but familism respect values also predicted later growth in ethnic private regard. Our results highlight the fact that ethnic identity processes and familial cultural values can mutually influence each other in emerging adulthood for Latinos.
Traders, slaves, and exiles

O f their own free will, early medieval people crossed the Mediterranean in order to trade or to raid as well as to negotiate or pray. Some sought careers in the ancient capital on the Bosporus; others immigrated to Europe. Others still traveled under dire compulsion, as exiles, refugees, hostages, or as slaves. In most cases, their numbers probably were much greater than the high, mighty, and holy who dominate surviving sources. But people of low, suspect, or ambiguous social status appear more rarely and less completely in the early medieval written record. A fair number are of uncertain geographic origin – shippers and traders, for instance, attract only passing mention in sources treating the more important people who traveled aboard their vessels. Where was the home berth of the six slavers that Bernard the Frank saw anchored in the harbor of Taranto in 867? We may surmise, but we do not really know; nor can we do more than speculate on the ethnicity of the merchant skipper with whom St. Blaise sailed from Rome to Greece. The smaller numbers of these kinds of travelers make it more practical to treat together easterners and westerners. We will begin, again, with a few thumbnail sketches and meet some merchants, a slave, and a refugee. We will also test the anecdotes against the broader group of like travelers, combining this time the scarcer data of east and west.
Speaking With People From the Past Within Our Profession: An interview with a former Secretary of the Interior

Speaking With People From the Past Within Our Profession: An interview with a former Secretary of the Interior DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v32i4_srm
Managing Corporate Information Systems Evolution and Maintenance: Book Reviews

In 2005 Idea Group Publishing released another volume on issues in software maintenance. This follows their 2003 volume entitled Advances in Software Maintenance Management: Technologies and Solutions, which I also reviewed here (Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice 2003; 15(5): 375–377). A variety of readers, with a variety of goals, will find this 2005 book useful. While it is clearly not a textbook, particular chapters could be used in a classroom setting to expose students to current streams of research in software maintenance, as well as to different perspectives on basic maintenance issues. Practitioners will find practical information on particular maintenance problems they might be facing, including the migration of a large legacy system in general (Chapters 5, 13 and 8–11), or to the Web in particular (Chapters 6, 7 and 11), assessment of maintenance and organizational structure (Chapters 3, 4 and 14), and approaches for changing how an organization carries out software development and maintenance (Chapters 2, 12, 13 and 15), as well as on maintenance management (Chapter 1). While some of these chapters provide a level of detail sufficient to allow the reader to apply the techniques and methods described, most are not meant as recipes, or detailed how-tos of techniques. Instead, the chapters provide the necessary overview, augmented by extensive lists of references. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
If Intergenerational Transmission Is the Problem, Then What Is the Solution?

In their exhaustive review, Bowers and Yehuda (2015) examine the intergenerational transmission of stress in humans. Although research in this field has been ongoing for many years, Bowers and Yehuda (2015) note, our understanding of this problem is just starting to emerge. As such, would it perhaps be prudent to expand the conversation? Just as we look to understand the intergenerational transmission of stress, so too should we be looking for ways to break this cycle.
Ferrimagnetic Co1+δ Te nanostructures

Transition metal telluride, Co1+δ Te nanostructures are synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These nanostructures exhibit filled NiAs-type hexagonal crystal structure also known as Ni2In structure with the space group p63/mmc. The Co1+ δ Te nanostructures exhibit hard ferrimagnetic behavior below 40 K. The coercivity increases with the decrease in temperature, which is around 4.90 kOe at 3 K. The saturation magnetization is 0.6 μ B/Co atom. Electrical transport measurements show that the Co1+ δ Te nanostructures are nonmetallic in nature with the resistance increases with the decrease in temperature. It does not follow the thermal excitation law for semiconductors, but can be explained by the Motts three-dimensional variable range hopping model.
Architecture-based simulation for system evaluation

It is almost impossible to maintain the logical correctness of the architectural model of a complex system (e.g., a System of Systems). Consequently, system engineers need a rigorous formal methodology to evaluate the logical behavior of the architecture under design to guarantee its adherence to the original behavioral requirements. Currently system architects mainly rely on modeling languages such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the System Modeling Language (SysML), and many others. Despite their powerful features, these languages only provide a static view of the structure and behavior of the system. However, there exist methodologies to convert models expressed in architecture description languages to formal mathematical languages such as Colored Petri Nets (CPN). This conversion to a formal model enables the evaluation of an architecture's logical behavior as well as its performance and effectiveness. In this paper, a methodology is presented for evaluating a system's logical architecture using simulation and analysis tools. The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Enterprise Architecture (EA) is used as a real-world illustrative example. The designs, expressed in UML and CPN, are tested for potential deadlocks and reachability properties using Computational Tree Logic (CTL) for State Space Analysis (SSA). The results of the evaluations could be used to further enhance the architecture under development.
750. Anti-Tumor Effects of Anti-CD20 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy in Canine B Cell Lymphoma Patients

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown great promise in treating human leukemias. However, for CAR T technology to achieve its full potential against solid malignancies, better pre-clinical models are needed that recapitulate the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and the distribution of target antigens. Pet dogs are an outbred population that have a close phylogenetic relationship with man and frequently develop naturally occurring, spontaneous malignancies. We explored the feasibility of evaluating CAR T cell technologies in dogs with spontaneous cancers by assessing CD20-targeting CAR T cells in dogs with relapsed CD20+ B cell lymphoma.We have developed standard procedures for optimal ex vivo canine T cell activation, expansion, and lentiviral transduction. Canine PBLs were activated in vitro using artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) loaded with anti-canine CD3, in the presence of rhIL-2 and rhIL-21, and the time of peak T cell activation and disappearance of aAPCs from the culture were determined. Peak CD25 expression was observed 3-4 days post-stimulation, when less than 5% of aAPCs remained in culture, eliminating potential competitor cells for viral infection. Transduction of canine T cells, 4 days post-stimulation using VSVg-pseudotyped lentivirus encoding a second-generation CD20-targeting CAR (CD20-28-ζ) at an MOI of 20 resulted in up to 26% surface expression of the CAR on T cells grown from a healthy dog. In vitro co-culture of CD20-specific canine CAR T cells derived from a lymphoma patient with CD20+ target cells resulted in antigen-specific CAR T cell expansion and effective killing.To determine whether canine CD20 CAR T cells could survive, expand and exhibit cytotoxic activity in vivo, three pet dogs with relapsed CD20+B cell lymphoma were treated with autologous CD20-28-ζ CAR T cells in an IACUC-approved protocol. PBLs were transduced (1.5-6.5%), expanded (22-153 fold) and infused into the patients either IV or IV plus intra-nodal injection. A 52% decrease in tumor volume was observed in the first patient 4 days post-IV infusion, coinciding with an 82% increase in T cell frequency within the malignant lymph node. CAR T cells were administered via intra-nodal injection into the largest malignant node of the second dog, which stayed stable in volume over two weeks while all other non-injected malignant nodes doubled in size. The third dog received the largest number of CAR T cells administered IV. In this dog, CAR T cells have expanded and persisted for three weeks and malignant nodes have remained below the limit of accurate measurement.These data demonstrate the ability of canine CAR T cells to function in vitro and to halt and even temporarily reverse solid tumor progression in canine patients, mirroring what has been observed in human disease and treatment. This work shows the feasibility of this approach in dogs and offers a spontaneous cancer model for pre-clinical testing of novel CAR targets and next generation CAR design that aims to inform human clinical trials.
In vitro digital subtraction angiographic evaluation of flow diverters in a patient-specific aneurysm.

Background The importance of both porosity and pore density of a flow diverter is well recognized in treatment of intracranial aneurysms; however, understanding of the effect of individual wire (wire number and size) is critical in improving device design and use. Methods A total of 10 multi-layered flow diverters with different wire numbers (32, 48, 56, and 72) and sizes (30, 35, and 40 µm) were implanted into identical patient-specific middle cerebral artery aneurysm models. Digital subtraction angiography was acquired at 30 f/s and X-ray signals at three selected regions of interest were compared to determine the amount of intra-aneurysmal flow. Results Flow reduction ranged from 19% for a high porosity (82%) and low pore density (5 pores/mm2) to nearly 80% for a low porosity (49%) and high pore density (36 pores/mm2). An increase in the wire number from 32 to 72 lowers intra-aneurysmal flow and redirects the flow jet; however, the effect of wire size is not observed. Conclusions In our in vitro angiographic study, flow jet is influenced by the wire number in a device qualitatively; quantitatively, intra-aneurysmal flow is affected by both the porosity and pore density. A 2.5 mm device performs better in flow diversion of a middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm than a 3 mm device with the same wire size and wire number, but thicker wires do not lead to better flow diversion.
Type I Interferons Interfere with Liver Glucose Metabolism.

The specific immunological components linking metabolic stresses to liver inflammation and systemic metabolic pathologies in obesity are not entirely known. A recent study (Ghazarian et al., 2017) reveals that obesity-induced type I interferon signaling drives the accumulation and activation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells, leading to systemic metabolic deterioration.
The Evolution of Peer Driven Training for Teaching Online Courses

Online courses at Bergen Community College (BCC) began in the late 1990's with an imperative from the college President to develop online courses. Senior faculty members who dared to experiment with this new mode of teaching had to learn how to design a course and how to use WebCT, a new course management system, on their own. As these faculty leaders (and those that followed) learned the painful lessons through trial and error, it became obvious that something more was necessary. WebCT training was conducted through faculty office visits so colleagues could share the burden of learning the system. The next step was a series of group workshops on how to use the tools in WebCT, designed and delivered by those same senior faculty members. After seeing a presentation about professional development at the League of Innovations conference, the faculty leadership was responsible for the creation of what would become The Online Professor Program (TOPP). TOPP, a vision of sustained professional development in both the technology and the pedagogy, was designed by faculty for those faculty members who wished to teach online. Support and encouragement was provided by the administration in the person of the Vice President of Technology and Information Services.
Distinguishing long non-coding RNAs from mRNAs using a two-layer structured classifier

With the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, large number of transcripts has been accumulated in public databases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), typically above 200 nucleotides in sequence length, have recently attracted increasing interests because of their important roles in various cellular processes. While it is straightforward to distinguishing lncRNAs from most small non-coding RNAs using sequence length as the major criteria, it is much more challenging to differentiate between lncRNAs and mRNAs because they share many similarities. In this study, we present a computational method which can effectively classify lncRNAs and mRNAs using sequence-derived features. The algorithm is organized into a two-layer structure. The first layer consists of multiple Support Vector Machine classifiers, each of which takes input a disjoint set of features such as k-mers and sequence-order correlation coefficient factors. The output of first-layer classifiers then serves as input features to the second-layer Naive Bayes classifier. The final two-layer structured classifier achieved 99% accuracy and 0.98 MCC on a benchmark dataset of human RefSeq mRNAs and GENCODE lncRNAs. We also applied our method, which was trained on human transcripts, in predicting transcripts from 9 other vertebrates and achieved satisfactory cross-species performance.
Development of a recursive time series model for fed-batch mammalian cell culture

Abstract Recursive time series models are developed in this work for a fed-batch mammalian cell culture producing monoclonal antibodies, with key culture variables measured at different sampling frequencies. Glucose and glutamine feed rates are considered as inputs. A composite of an autoregressive moving average with exogenous input model and a dual rate-autoregressive with exogenous input model is used. Appropriate parameter constraints are imposed in parameter estimation algorithms and stability of these is examined and ensured. The data required for parameter estimation are generated from simulated fed-batch experiments using a well-tested first principles model. The predictions for glucose, glutamine, and viable cell concentrations track very well the data for these, with the errors for the high prediction horizons considered being limited to 10% or less. The prediction accuracy can be increased further if data from prior experiments with dynamic similarities are available. The models can be used reliably for model predictive control.
Differential effects of childhood neglect and abuse during sensitive exposure periods on male and female hippocampus

The hippocampus is a highly stress susceptible structure and hippocampal abnormalities have been reported in a host of psychiatric disorders including major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The hippocampus appears to be particularly susceptible to early life stress with a graded reduction in volume based on number of types (multiplicity) or severity of maltreatment. We assessed whether the most important predictors of adult hippocampal volume were multiplicity, severity or duration of exposure or timing of maltreatment during developmental sensitive periods. 3T MRIs were collected on 336 unmedicated, right-handed subjects (132M/204F, 18-25 years). Exposure to broad categories of abuse and neglect during each year of childhood were assessed using the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure scale and evaluated using artificial intelligence and predictive analytics. Male hippocampal volume was predicted by neglect, but not abuse, up through 7 years of age. Female hippocampal volume was predicted by abuse, but not neglect, at 10, 11, 15 and 16 years. Exposure at peak age had greater predictive importance than multiplicity, severity or duration. There were also marked gender differences in subfields and portions (head, body or tail) affected by exposure. History and symptoms of major depression, PTSD or anxiety disorders were not predictive of hippocampal volume once maltreatment was accounted for. Neglect appears to foster inadequate hippocampal development in males while abuse appears to produce a stress-related deficit in females. Studies assessing hippocampal volume in psychiatric disorders need to control for the gender-specific effects of abuse and neglect.
Financial outcomes of transoral robotic surgery: A narrative review.

Abstract Objective To determine the current cost impact and financial outcomes of transoral robotic surgery in Otolaryngology. Data sources A narrative review of the literature with a defined search strategy using Pubmed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Review methods Using keywords ENT or otolaryngology, cost or economic, transoral robotic surgery or TORs, searches were performed in Pubmed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science and reviewed by the authors for inclusion and analysis. Results Six total papers were deemed appropriate for analysis. All addressed cost impact of transoral robotic surgery (TORs) as compared to open surgical methods in treating oropharyngeal cancer and/or the identification of the primary tumor within unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma. Results showed TORs to be cost-effective. Conclusion Transoral robotic surgery is currently largely cost effective for both treatment and diagnostic procedures. However, further studies are needed to qualify long-term data.
Juice Grape Canopy Structure and Cluster Availability Do Not Reduce Middle- and Late-Season Captures of Male Paralobesia viteana (Lepidoptera: Totricidae) in Sex Pheromone Traps

Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), the grape berry moth, is a major economic pest of cultivated grapes in eastern North America. Although pheromone lures and traps are available for monitoring this pest, male moth captures in these traps decline as the infestation risk increases through the multiple generations that occur during a season. This makes it difficult to use traps to monitor this pest's population dynamics and complicates the timing of pest management activities. To test whether seasonal changes in the plant canopy affect captures of male grape berry moth, we manipulated grapevine fruit density or canopy structure in multiple growing seasons, and measured male captures under these conditions. Removal of either 50 or 100% of the fruit clusters from vineyard plots did not consistently affect captures in pheromone traps. In 2013, significantly more males were captured in traps in plots where clusters were not removed compared to captures in traps in plots where 50 or 100% of clusters were removed, but this effect was not seen in 2014 or 2015. In the first year of a separate experiment, there were no differences in male captures between unaltered canopies and those held open artificially. In subsequent years we detected significant differences in male captures for some sample periods, and there was a prevailing trend of arithmetically more male captures in unaltered than in open canopies. We conclude that fruit presence, fruit density and canopy fullness do not reduce male P. viteana captures late in the season, and that other factors are driving this pattern.
Mapping Class Groups

The mapping class group Mod S of an orientable surface S is defined as the group of isotopy classes of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms S → S . In addition to being a central object of the topology of surfaces (cf. 2.1), these groups also play an important role in the theory of Teichmuller spaces and in algebraic geometry, where they are known underthe name Teichmuller modular groups or simply modular groups . Our notations are derived from the latter terminology. There are several closely related groups, which also deserve the name of the mapping classgroups (or Teichmuller modular groups). First of all, one may consider the extended mapping class group Mod ◊ S of S defined as the group of the isotopy classes of all diffeomorphisms S → S . The pure mapping class group PMod S of S is defined as the group of isotopy classes of all orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms S → S preserving setwise all boundary components of S . Finally, one may consider the group ℳ S of all (orientation-preserving) diffeomorphisms S → S fixed on the boundary ∂ S , considered up to isotopies fixed on the boundary. If ∂ S ≠ 0, then diffeomorphisms fixed on ∂ S are automatically orientation-preserving. If ∂ S = 0, then, of course, ℳ S = Mod S . All these groups could be also defined as the 0- th homotopy groups of suitable diffeomorphisms groups of S . For example, Mod S = π 0 (Diff( S )), where Diff( S ) is the group of all orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of S considered with, for example, C ∞ -topology (or any other reasonable topology).
Context-Free Grammars and Random Number Generation

In Monte Carlo calculations, one often needs to generate a random quantity X that satisfies certain (cumulative) distribution function F(x), i.e. Pr{X ≤ x} = F(x). Numerous methods have been proposed for this purpose (see Ahrens and Dieter [1], Knuth [4]). An interesting question is: for a given F(x), how difficult is it to generate this distribution?
Cicero's Teaching on Political Moderation

This paper examines Cicero’s teaching on political moderation, especially as found in De Officiis but also De Re Publica and De Legibus, and make some comparisons with the presentation of this virtue found in Nicomachean Ethics and Charmides. Cicero saw the ethical teachings of Plato and Aristotle as potentially harmful to a healthy, republican politics that takes account of the one, the few, and the many. Plato’s equation of virtue and knowledge (suggested most famously in his Republic) appears to restrict true virtue to philosophers who seek to withdraw from politics, while Aristotle’s non-aporetic presentation and defense of moral virtue seems to culminate in the magnanimous man who acts above or outside the law. Cicero’s natural law teaching — with its emphasis on natural duties that apply to all human beings — opens up the arena of virtue to non-philosophers (contra Plato) and places political limits on those who aspire to the heights of moral virtue (contra Aristotle). The paper concludes that Cicero’s innovative teaching about natural law leads to a revised presentation of the virtue of moderation, especially by broadening its meaning or application, which has the political goal of persuading those who aspire to the heights of intellectual and moral virtue to serve the republic rather than personal interest or ambition alone.
Utility-Optimal Wireless Routing in the Presence of Heavy Tails

Due to emerging mobile applications and an Internet of Things, data traffic carried by wireless networks has increased dramatically. As a result, maximizing the utilization of the limited network resource is a top priority. To date, there exists a large body of work on the stochastic network utility maximization (NUM) problem. On the one hand, the stochastic NUM problem and its associated solutions have been mainly investigated under the light-tailed (LT) data condition. On the other hand, empirical results show that data delivered by wireless networks is not only large in volume but also highly variable, which can be characterized by heavy-tailed (HT) distributions. Such HT traffic exhibits high burstiness and strong temporal correlations, which are fundamentally different from the behavior of LT traffic. In this paper, first it is shown that the classic stochastic gradient algorithms (SGAs), as effective solutions for stochastic NUM problems, fail to prevent HT traffic flows from aggressively competing with LT flows for limited resources. This leads to unbounded queueing delay for LT flows, which results in network instability. To counter such a challenge, the time-average stochastic gradient routing algorithm is proposed, which prevents competition among HT and LT traffic flows so that utility optimality and network stability can be achieved simultaneously. Moreover, because HT data have unbounded moments, such as mean and variance, it is not feasible to apply the conventional convergence analysis, which assumes the moment boundedness of traffic arrivals. To address this problem, the ordinary differential equation method is adopted to prove that the proposed algorithm still converges even with highly variable HT traffic. Comprehensive simulation results are shown to verify the derived theoretical results.
Four-extremity amputation following disseminated intravascular coagulation and purpura fulminans

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rare but serious complication of septic shock in adults. The complex disease course makes it challenging to manage the condition. Here, we present the case of a healthy young woman who presented with sepsis and new-onset erythematous lesions 4 days after the vaginal delivery of a healthy baby. The infectious source could not be identified, and the patient was started on antibiotics and resuscitated. However, her condition worsened, and she developed disseminated intravascular coagulation and PF. The septic episode slowly decreased in severity, but she sustained extensive ischaemic injuries to her extremities, for which she underwent four-limb amputation.
Intellectual History of the Islamicate World beyond Denominational Borders: Challenges and Perspectives for a Comprehensive Approach

The study of the interrelatedness of Islamic and Jewish intellectual history relies largely on the manuscript materials preserved in the various Geniza collections. The Firkovitch manuscripts in particular provide ample material for an analysis of the different patterns of reception/transmission/cross-pollination between Jewish and Muslim scholars, though the bulk of the relevant material still needs to be cataloged and studied. This essay discusses four cases, each exemplifying a different pattern, namely, Muʿtazilī kalām and its reception among the Karaites, the case of David ben Joshua Maimonides (d. 1415), the thirteenth-century Jewish philosopher Ibn Kammūna and his reception among Jews and Muslims, and an anonymous refutation by a Rabbanite Jew against the anti-Jewish polemical work Ifḥām al-yahūd by the twelfth-century Jewish convert to Islam Samawʾal al-Maghribī.
Structural origins of the electronic properties of materials via time-resolved infrared spectroscopy

Time-resolved mid-infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy offers new opportunities to investigate how the molecular and structural properties of optoelectronic materials influence their electronic and transport states. This capability emerges from the ability to measure low energy electronic transitions in the mid-infrared that are related to delocalized states in materials and to simultaneously detect the vibrational properties of the materials that influence those states. Furthermore, the ability to simultaneously measure electronic and vibrational transitions in materials offers unprecedented opportunities to correlate structural dynamics of materials with their electronic and transport properties. These capabilities are introduced by first describing the basic principles of TRIR spectroscopy used to examine electronic processes in materials. Then, several applications of TRIR spectroscopy are described in which measurements of the vibrational spectra of electronic excited states are probed as a means to correlate the structural properties of materials with the delocalization of their electronic states. In one example, exciton localization mechanisms in organic semiconductors are probed through vibrational spectra of the molecules in their excited states and correlated with their crystalline packing arrangements. Another example highlights the use of TRIR spectroscopy to examine singlet fission reaction dynamics through a combination of low energy electronic transitions and the vibrational spectra that are unique to the electronic states involved in the reaction. Finally, the use of TRIR spectroscopy to investigate charge carrier localization mechanisms in lead-halide perovskites is described, followed by an outlook of future applications of the technique in optoelectronic materials research.
Discrete-Time Optimal Trajectory Generation Through Multiple Waypoints

An algorithm for discrete-time trajectory generation through a set of waypoints specified in three spatial dimensions is presented. Constructing a desired trajectory that passes through a set of given waypoints is important in several real-life applications such as autonomous guidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Commonly, tree search algorithms or polynomial spline-like extrapolations are employed for generating trajectories through a given set of waypoints, but they have not been demonstrated to be optimal or the most computationally efficient. This paper formulates the trajectory generation problem through a given set of waypoints as a discrete-time optimal control problem and provides an optimal trajectory that minimizes a cost that is quadratic in the position vector and its first three derivatives. The “artificial control input” for the optimal control problem is taken to be the third derivative of the position vector, commonly referred to as the jerk vector. The generated trajectory is shown to pass through the set of specified waypoints and give a smooth position trajectory with continuous jerk. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the trajectory generation scheme.
Successful xenotransfusion in a domestic ferret with spontaneous hemoperitoneum using feline packed red blood cells.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the diagnosis, management, and outcome of a ferret with spontaneous hemoperitoneum with surgical intervention and xenotransfusion of type A feline packed red blood cells (pRBCs). CASE SUMMARY: A domestic ferret diagnosed with a spontaneous hemoperitoneum secondary to a hepatic mass received isotonic crystalloids, hypertonic saline, and an allogenic blood transfusion perioperatively. Postoperatively, the ferret developed progressive anemia and tachycardia refractory to fluid therapy and, given a lack of additional allogenic blood sources, received a xenotransfusion of feline pRBCs. The ferret was hospitalized for 4 days postoperatively and developed a presumed delayed transfusion reaction characterized by transient hyperbilirubinemia. At a 6‐month recheck, the ferret was doing well clinically. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: This is the first reported case of successful xenotransfusion of feline pRBCs in a ferret. Although xenotransfusion of ferrets with feline blood products is not recommended as a routine procedure, it remains a viable option in critical situations in which ferret blood is unavailable.
Rapid neoglaciation on Ellesmere Island promoted by enhanced summer snowfall in a transient climate model simulation of the middle-late-Holocene:

Arctic neoglaciation following the Holocene Thermal Maximum is an important feature of late-Holocene climate. We investigated this phenomenon using a transient 6000-year simulation with the CESM-CA...