cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding n-Octane Behavior near Graphene with Scaled Solvent-Solute Attractions.

We employ molecular dynamics simulations of n-octane near a layered graphene surface to study the related phenomena of solvation, density fluctuations, wettability, and structure and dynamics of n-octane molecules in the inhomogeneous interfacial environment. That solvation in bulk n-octane displays a lengthscale-dependent crossover similar to that of hydrophobic solvation in water is known. Here we show that, near an extended graphene interface having attractive interactions with n-octane, lengthscale-dependent solvation is similar to that in the bulk and displays a small to large crossover. However, as the n-octane–graphene interactions are reduced to make the surface increasingly solvophobic, the crossover behavior is modulated and essentially absent near the most solvophobic surfaces, similar to that in water near hydrophobic interfaces. We show that the macroscopic measure of wettability, namely, the contact angle, characterizes n-octane–graphene coupling over a limited range of attractions. In contr...
NMDA Receptor Plasticity in the Kindling Model

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of excitatory amino acid receptor serves a critical role in the development and stabilization of synapses in the developing nervous system (Cline et al., 1987) and in plasticity of the adult nervous system, particularly with respect to formation of some forms of learning and memory (Morris et al., 1986; Mondadori et al., 1989) Its role in these processes almost certainly derives from two unique features of this ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor: 1) its regulation by magnesium which results in its sensitivity to membrane voltage, thereby endowing it with associative properties (MacDonald et al., 1982; Flatman et al., 1983; Nowak et al., 1984; Mayer et al., 1984); and 2) its permeability to calcium (MacDermott et al., 1986), a second messenger capable of controlling a host of calcium sensitive enzymes.
Statement of Hypotheses in the Analysis of Variance

The analysis of variance is used so frequently in marketing research that researchers are often careless in presenting the results. In particular, hypotheses of interest in the analysis are vaguely...
Detection of Gross Error Using 3MAD-MMMD Based on Cluster Analysis

If there exist gross errors in the soft sensor modeling data,the accuracy of the model is largely affected. Therefore,for the data set to be used in the modeling process,a method of gross error detection of 3MAD-MMMD based on cluster analysis is proposed to process the data before modeling. The data of different variables in different time from the seamless pipe perforation process is collected. Then these data are arranged into a matrix. The 3MAD algorithm is used first to eliminate the large error of single-variables to get the newdata matrix. Based on the Euclidean distance formula,the distance is then obtained from the data in matrix to another which is closest to it of the same variable. Finally,dmed,the median value of all variables' closest distance,is treated as testing standards to detect gross error of newdata matrix. It can be seen from the experimental and simulation results that the gross errors in the collected data sets are effectively eliminated in the 3MAD-MMMD detection method.
Psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy and end stage renal disease.

Doctor Bresnahan is an assistant clinical professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin. He is on staff at Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital and Rogers Memorial Hospital, with clinical interests in geriatric psychiatry, medical psychiatry, and psychopharmacology. Please address correspondence to: Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Psychiatry Clinics at Tosa Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226. INTRODUCTION Many chronic serious medical conditions are associated with increased psychiatric comorbidity. Two such conditions are epilepsy and chronic renal failure. While specialists are often involved in the care of these patients, well-established primary care remains an important part of their treatment. When psychiatric conditions arise, primary care providers will often be the first to see these disorders. These can be very complicated patients, and coordination of care between primary care physicians, specialists, and other health care providers is essential. Recognition, treatment initiation, and referral when needed are reviewed in this article.
Species comparison of calmodulin sequences.

No amino acid substitutions can be located when the calmodulin produced in various vertebrate species (human, rat, chicken, toad) are compared. However, multiple substitutions exist in calmodulin derived from non-vertebrates. Here, we have determined the residues for which no alterations in sequence are allowed. The protein from each species exhibits a sequence identity from residue 27 to residue 53, i.e., residues spanning a small part of the Ca2+ binding loop I and the adjacent interloop region. The analogous sequence (residues 100 to 129) abutting the Ca2+ binding loop III also exhibits only a few differences. Furthermore, negatively charged side chains at residues 82-84 in the central alpha-helix are conserved.
Spironolactone-induced hypercalciuria

Abstract Spironolactone has been reported to produce hypercalciuria in man. This study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of the drug's effect. Ten volunteers, given 100 mg. of spironolactone 4 times daily after a control period on a metabolic balance diet, all developed hypercalciuria for the duration of the study. Four volunteers treated with placebo spironolactone also developed hypercalciuria. Both the commercially available spironolactone (Aldactone) and the placebo were found, by analysis, to contain approximately 37 and 45 mg. of elemental calcium per tablet, respectively. The hypercalciuria was therefore felt to be an artifact. Two other diuretics, amilioride (Colectril), and hydrochlorothiazide, (Hydrodiuril), were also found to contain calcium. Metabolic balance studies involving diuretics must take into account the contents of the excipients before drawing conclusions regarding their action on various electrolytes.
A Markov copulae approach to pricing and hedging of credit index derivatives and ratings triggered step-up bonds

The paper presents selected results from the theory of Markov copulae and some of their applications in finance. ∗This research was partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-0604789 and Moody’s Corporation grant 5-55411. †The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to Matt Woodhams from the GFI Group, for providing us with data relevant to this paper. ‡Corresponding author; Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10W 32nd Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; e-mail: bielecki@iit.edu §Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10W 32nd Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; e-mail: vidoseb@iit.edu ¶Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10W 32nd Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; e-mail: vidofre@iit.edu
Institutions and Resisting Injustice

As the two previous chapters have shown, courageous resistance takes many forms. The context, including domestic and international laws and norms, shape both when courageous resistance is likely to occur and how successful it will be. Without laws or the threat of punishment to protect human rights, those striving for justice may not be able to end the evils they oppose. This chapter shows how new treaties and mechanisms for enforcing human rights have been created by courageous resistance. In turn, these new laws and mechanisms both shape later resistance and increase the likelihood of future success by those who struggle to protect human rights.
Gender Sorting and the Glass Ceiling in High-Tech Firms

With few exceptions, studies have conceived of the glass ceiling as reflecting internal promotion biases. In this article, the authors argue that glass ceiling patterns can also be the result of external recruitment and hiring processes. Using data on people applying by means of the Internet for jobs at 441 small- and medium-sized high-tech firms, they find evidence that the glass ceiling is produced by both internal and external hiring processes. On the supply side, females are sorted into lower-level job queues than males. On the demand side, screening biases against women also are evident, but a series of “what if” simulations suggest that demand-side screening processes play a comparatively minor role in producing the glass ceiling pattern. These results suggest that bias remediation policies designed to equalize gender differences in hiring chances are likely to be less effective than recruitment and outreach policies designed to improve gender disparities in candidate pools.
Evaluation of Stem Cell-Derived Red Blood Cells as a Transfusion Product Using a Novel Animal Model

Reliance on volunteer blood donors can lead to transfusion product shortages, and current liquid storage of red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with biochemical changes over time, known as ‘the storage lesion’. Thus, there is a need for alternative sources of transfusable RBCs to supplement conventional blood donations. Extracorporeal production of stem cell-derived RBCs (stemRBCs) is a potential and yet untapped source of fresh, transfusable RBCs. A number of groups have attempted RBC differentiation from CD34+ cells. However, it is still unclear whether these stemRBCs could eventually be effective substitutes for traditional RBCs due to potential differences in oxygen carrying capacity, viability, deformability, and other critical parameters. We have generated ex vivo stemRBCs from primary human cord blood CD34+ cells and compared them to donor-derived RBCs based on a number of in vitro parameters. In vivo, we assessed stemRBC circulation kinetics in an animal model of transfusion and oxygen delivery in a mouse model of exercise performance. Our novel, chronically anemic, SCID mouse model can evaluate the potential of stemRBCs to deliver oxygen to tissues (muscle) under resting and exercise-induced hypoxic conditions. Based on our data, stem cell-derived RBCs have a similar biochemical profile compared to donor-derived RBCs. While certain key differences remain between donor-derived RBCs and stemRBCs, the ability of stemRBCs to deliver oxygen in a living organism provides support for further development as a transfusion product.
A high-density, high-efficiency 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET module and gate drive circuit

This paper presents the design, fabrication and testing of a 1.2 kV, 90 A SiC MOSFET half-bridge module in synchronous configuration. The module has low gate- and power-loop parasitic inductances, and has more than twice the power density (127.8 W/in3), and less than half of the switching loss (1.3 mJ), as similarly-rated commercial half-bridge modules, while employing standard, cost-effective packaging materials and technologies. The design of a high-speed gate drive will also be presented. The gate drive includes an active Miller clamp, which suppresses the cross-talk between the MOSFETs in the half-bridge. The measured module efficiency is 99 % when operating in a dc-dc synchronous boost converter.
Safety Barrier Certificates for Collisions-Free Multirobot Systems

This paper presents safety barrier certificates that ensure scalable and provably collision-free behaviors in multirobot systems by modifying the nominal controllers to formally satisfy safety constraints. This is achieved by minimizing the difference between the actual and the nominal controllers subject to safety constraints. The resulting computation of the safety controllers is done through a quadratic programming problem that can be solved in real-time and in this paper, we describe a series of problems of increasing complexity. Starting with a centralized formulation, where the safety controller is computed across all agents simultaneously, we show how one can achieve a natural decentralization whereby individual robots only have to remain safe relative to nearby robots. Conservativeness and existence of solutions as well as deadlock-avoidance are then addressed using a mixture of relaxed control barrier functions, hybrid braking controllers, and consistent perturbations. The resulting control strategy is verified experimentally on a collection of wheeled mobile robots whose nominal controllers are explicitly designed to make the robots collide.
Utilization of Thoracic Ultrasound for Confirmation of Central Venous Catheter Placement and Exclusion of Pneumothorax: A Novel Technique in Real-Time Application:

Aim:To evaluate the safety and utility of ultrasonography as a tool to confirm central venous catheter (CVC) position and to exclude insertion-related pneumothorax in place of chest radiography (CX...
Ensuring stability in a multi-zone MVDC shipboard power system

Naval ship power systems are evolving towards more electronics, more “vital” electronic systems, and a larger percentage of the overall energy load needed in the form of electricity. This is due to larger load demands from sensors, future weapons systems, and electrified propulsion. New technologies, such as All-Electric Ships, Integrated Propulsion Systems, and DC-Microgrids, the combination of which is referred to as MVDC, bring the promise of greater flexibility in design and operation, improved system resiliency, and increased energy efficiency. These advancements, however, depend on power electronic devices to control power flow and ensure voltage stability. At points in the power network, power electronic devices can behave as constant power loads (CPLs), which exhibit negative impedance, and at other times can demand large, instantaneous pulses of power. An improperly designed MVDC will become unstable amid large swings in power demand, and the voltage will collapse bringing the entire system down. Through a hierarchical control structure, where ensuring that system stability is maintained at a different level of control than the optimization of the power flow, these challenges can be understood and overcome separately. Different system goals are accomplished at each level in the control hierarchy, and each higher level of control is executed on a successively slower time scale. At the lowest level are current and voltage control for each of the above mentioned devices. The next level involves droop control on the current and voltage set points to ensure stability and up to the moment power balance, and ensures proper voltage regulation at each bus, and the third level focuses on optimization of resources. This paper focuses on the middle level, establishes stability criteria using non-linear techniques, and demonstrates the feasibility using numerical simulation.
Improved Algorithms for Differentially Private Orthogonal Tensor Decomposition

Tensor decompositions have applications in many areas including signal processing, machine learning, computer vision and neuroscience. In this paper, we propose two new differentially private algorithms for orthogonal decomposition of symmetric tensors from private or sensitive data; these arise in applications such as latent variable models. Differential privacy is a formal privacy framework that guarantees protections against adversarial inference. We investigate the performance of these algorithms with varying privacy and database parameters and compare against another recently proposed privacy-preserving algorithm. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithms provide very good utility even while preserving strict privacy guarantees.
Legal Issues of Digital Technology

The chapter is mainly about the steps governments are taking to assure that the latest technological innovations are not misused by drug dealers and other criminals, persons seeking to avoid the payment of taxes on profits made, as well as by terrorists and governments facing international sanctions. The problems include a lack of understanding by governments about the nature and function of the new technology, how to overcome its near total lack of transparency, the actions of individuals who hack individual websites to gain knowledge of users’ private keys to steal wallets containing virtual currencies, and other endeavors.
Transformation of Radiation Induced Defect Centers as a Probe of Molecular Diffusion in a-SiO2

An important cause of ionizing radiation induced degradation in MOS integrated circuit devices is the buildup of trapped positive charge in gate and field oxides1. Recent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies2 have identified virtually all trapping sites in the oxides as E′ centers (paramagnetic bridging oxygen vacancies). The formation of these vacancies during irradiation by energetic photons or electrons is predominantly by ionization processes3, i.e., bond rearrangements after electron-electron collisions, rather than displacements from electron-atom collisions.
Responsibilities of Today's Principal: Implications for Principal Preparation Programs and Principal Certification Policies:

Historically, principals served as disciplinarians and the teachers' boss. Under current federal legislation, principals now must accept the responsibility to manage personnel, funds, and strategic...
Endosperm Development in Maize

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the genetic and molecular aspects of maize endosperm development. The Zea mays L. (maize) endosperm development is generated by both its importance in agriculture and by the opportunity it affords to study developmental mechanisms. The endosperm of maize is a large storage organ that constitutes 80–90% of the mature kernel dry weight. The mature maize kernel is the result of an integrated developmental process involving both the embryo and the endosperm. The development of the endosperm is focused as it relates to overall kernel maturation. It leads to useful manipulations to gain increased yields and improved quality. The maize endosperm is generally described as having a triploid origin and the development of endosperm tissue in the kernel proceeds at a tremendously fast rate. The rapidly growing endosperm gradually replaces the nucleus and ultimately compresses any remaining nuclear cells to the outer edge of the kernel cavity. Cross-section preparations of the endosperm show the overall structure consisting of irregularly shaped cells with prominent nuclei and nucleoli.
Granular Cell Tumor of the Bladder: A Report of Six Cases

ABSTRACT Objective To better characterize granular cell tumor of the bladder, with only 20 cases reported to date and unclear management guidelines. Methods We report five benign and one malignant granular cell tumor of the bladder. Results Patients were in the age range of 33 to 73 years. The size of tumor ranged from 0.2 to 6.3 cm. Two benign granular cell tumors were incidental findings with others presenting with painless hematuria. Benign granular cell tumors infiltrated the muscularis propria and were confirmed by immunohistochemistry for S100 protein with negative stains for keratins. The malignant granular cell tumor involved the entire bladder wall with extension into perivesical tissue. Benign granular cell tumors were treated by transurethral resection (TUR) or partial cystectomy; all patients were disease free at last follow-up. The malignant granular cell tumor was treated by anterior exenteration and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. This patient developed pulmonary and pleural metastases 2 years after surgery. Conclusion Given the locally infiltrative nature of granular cell tumors and that 50% of reported benign granular cell tumors with sufficient follow-up recurred following initial TUR, it is prudent to recommend partial cystectomy if technically feasible. A later TUR at a time of tumor regrowth could result in obstruction of ureters depending on their location and with greater infiltrative growth, with larger subsequent resections be needed for complete removal. In other cases, immediate repeat TUR after a diagnosis of granular cell tumor would lessen the likelihood of local recurrence. Either partial or radical cystectomy is needed for the rare malignant granular cell tumor.
A Computer Simulation of Polymers with Gaussian Couplings: Modeling Protein Folding?

A protein is a chain molecule which is characterized chemically by the sequence of amino acids (monomers) which form it. At sufficiently high temperature T, the protein exhibits a rather random and loose conformation, and as T is lowered it undergoes a “protein folding transition” [1,2] to one of a few rather tight and specifically ordered conformations. In an organism, a protein occurs in a folded state, the specific nature of which determines its “protein functions”. Perhaps the most important question currently facing microbiologists is the nature and origin of protein folding.
GridGAS: An I/O-Efficient Heterogeneous FPGA+CPU Computing Platform for Very Large-Scale Graph Analytics

In this paper, we develop a highly scalable approach to constructing an efficient heterogeneous graph processing engine in order to handle extremely large graph size beyond its on-board memory capacity. Our FPGA-based computing engine not only surpasses cutting-edge GPU-based engines in terms of computing performance and energy efficiency, but also proves to be highly versatile and thus can be applied to many types of low-latency and high-throughput graph analytic tasks central to the next-generation graph-based machine learning. We analyze in detail the difference between GPU's and FPGA's architectures and provide several fundamental reasons why, for irregular computations, FPGA may surpass GPU in computing latency and energy efficiency, and discuss some "golden rules" for designing an efficient FPGA+CPU heterogeneous platform and GPU's inefficiency when handling extremely large-scale graph datasets. To validate our approach, we implement our FPGA-based GridGAS computing engine with a KC705 Xilinx FPGA board and a baseline implementation using a Quadro K420 GPU following the same approach and test with large-scale graph datasets. Using PCIe 2.0 x8 only, our architecture achieves up to 170.4 MTEPS and 14.8 times speedup over the GPU baseline for datasets exceeding 1.4 GB in size.
Fusion of radar sensing, data communications, and GPS interoperability via software-defined OFDM architecture

This chapter considers a variety of functionalities that are typically assigned to distinctly different devices, each designed separately and each requiring its own power supply, analog front end (AFE), physical space, spectral allocation, and computational processing power. Specifically, these devices comprise a radar-based sensor, a data communication transceiver, and a radio frequency (RF) position/navigation system. The rationale behind this “division of labor” is well understood. Certain types of waveforms are simply better suited to particular tasks. For example, linear frequency modulation (LFM) chirp signals are a veritable radar staple, while a variety of keying modulation formats are used for communications. There is an obvious redundancy in this approach; a redundancy that often leads to a critical increase in power consumption, spectral overcrowding, instrument weight and size, and demands upon computing resources. When combined, these increases may represent a formidable challenge especially when these systems are designed for autonomous, long-endurance platforms such as unmanned (aerial, ground, underwater) vehicles. Consequently, instead of choosing system parameters that are best suited to each function, it is worth investigating a prospective compromise solution that allows for a combination of these functions via judicious signal design. A uniting factor throughout this chapter is thus the signal and system architecture format that enables the fusion of the aforementioned functionalities. We explore this potential via the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) software-defined radar system (SDRS) concept.
Exploring Latinidad, Migration Processes, and Immigrant Experiences: Experiences Influencing Latino Health.

Introduction Over the last few decades, Latino migration to the U.S. has re-shaped the ethnic composition of the country, and influenced the meaning of "ethnic" and "racial" identity. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the definition and meaning of being Latino and how this may guide the development of interventions to promote their health. Methods Twenty-six Latino immigrants living in Kansas completed a socio-demographic survey and semi-structured interviews to assess and explore personal immigration experiences and perspectives on the meaning of being Latino in the U.S. Results Participant reports were grouped into eight themes on Latino identity that were organized by geographic origin, family roots/ties, and acculturation. Immigration experiences were described as both positive and negative with most participants experiencing discrimination and loneliness, but also reports of improved quality of life. Further, most participants reported a strong sense of Latinidad; that Latino immigrant communities in the U.S. are interdependent and supportive of each other. Conclusions The experience of being a member of a minority group might contribute to the development of a cohesive sense of Latino identity as participants acculturate to the U.S. while preserving a sense of attachment to their culture of origin. Future interventions should be sensitive to migration experiences as they might influence changes in health behaviors.
A Thromboembolic Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion with tPA

In recent years, thromboembolic models of focal cerebral ischemia in rats have become a commonly used animal model to mimic human acute ischemic stroke, particularly for investigations into thrombolytic therapy with tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA). This chapter describes our approach with this model that is implemented using homologous blood clot injections into the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of rats. Reduction of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and subsequent reperfusion with tPA can be monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry. A standard battery of outcomes is also described including infarct volume, hemorrhage volume (hemorrhagic transformation), mortality rate, and neurobehavioral testing.
Student Recruitment in Technical and Professional Communication Programs

Recruitment advertisements published in technical and professional communication (TPC) conference programs and proceedings offer a snapshot of the messages that these programs use to market themsel...
Saddle coronary embolism precipitates flash pulmonary edema

Coronary artery embolism is as an infrequent but important cause of acute myocardial infarction. We present a rare case of a large saddle embolism in the coronary vasculature which led to an acute myocardial infarction and consequently flash pulmonary edema. Despite intensive medical management, our patient did not survive.
Ornithine decarboxylase genes contribute to S-RNase-independent pollen rejection

Unilateral incompatibility (UI) manifests as pollen rejection in the pistil, typically when self-incompatible (SI) species are pollinated by self-compatible (SC) relatives. In the Solanaceae, UI occurs when pollen lack resistance to stylar S-RNases, but other, S-RNase-independent mechanisms exist. Pistils of the wild tomato Solanum pennellii LA0716 (SC) lack S-RNase yet reject cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, SC) pollen. In this cross, UI results from low pollen expression of a farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (FPS2) in S. lycopersicum. Using pollen from fps2-/- loss-of-function mutants in S. pennellii, we identified a pistil factor locus, ui3.1, required for FPS2-based pollen rejection. We mapped ui3.1 to an interval containing 108 genes situated on the IL 3-3 introgression. This region includes a cluster of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC2) genes, with four copies in S. pennellii, versus one in S. lycopersicum. Expression of ODC2 transcript was 1,034-fold higher in S. pennellii than in S. lycopersicum styles. Pistils of odc2-/- knockout mutants in IL 3-3 or S. pennellii fail to reject fps2 pollen and abolish transmission ratio distortion (TRD) associated with FPS2. Pollen of S. lycopersicum express low levels of FPS2 and are compatible on IL 3-3 pistils, but incompatible on IL 12-3 × IL 3-3 hybrids, which express both ODC2 and ui12.1, a locus thought to encode the SI proteins HT-A and HT-B. TRD observed in F2 IL 12-3 × IL 3-3 points to additional ODC2-interacting pollen factors on both chromosomes. Thus, ODC2 genes contribute to S-RNase independent UI and interact genetically with ui12.1 to strengthen pollen rejection.
Assessing the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nontraditional Students’ Mental Health and Well-Being

The current study sought to measure how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health and well-being of college students, particularly nontraditional students. Participants (n = 321) completed a...
Sensitivity of the Fragility Curve on Type of Analysis Methods, Applied Ground Motions and Their Selection Techniques

Fragility curves are the primary way of assessing seismic risk for a building with numerous studies focused on deriving these fragility curves and how to account for the inherent uncertainty in the seismic assessment. This study focuses on a three-story steel moment frame structure and performs a fragility assessment of the building using a new approach called SPO2FRAG (Static Pushover to Fragility) that is based on pushover analysis. This new approach is further compared and contrasted against traditional nonlinear dynamic analysis approaches like Incremental Dynamic Analysis and Multiple Stripe Analysis. The sensitivity of the resulting fragility curves is studied against multiple parameters including uncertainties in ground motion, the type of analysis method used and the choice of curve fitting technique. All these factors influence the fragility curve behavior and this study assesses the impact of changing these parameters.
Doctority: Plastic Surgery-An Informative Podcast for Applicants to Learn about Plastic Surgery Training Programs

The COVID-19 pandemic limited the ability of medical students to participate in plastic surgery sub-internships and to attend residency interviews in person during the 2020-2021 match cycle. A podcast and accompanying online directory were created to introduce integrated plastic surgery residency programs to medical students from the perspective of current residents. Since July 2020, a total of 49 plastic surgery residents representing 42 programs have participated in the podcast. Topics of discussion included program logistics, faculty leadership, and aspects of resident lifestyle of interest to medical students and future residency candidates. The podcast has had a total of 5072 downloads (mean 121 downloads per episode). The majority of listeners (90%) were in the United States. Twenty-five plastic surgery applicants who participated in the 2020-2021 National Resident Matching Program match cycle responded to a feedback survey. Listeners reported that the podcast was useful for preparing for interviews, making rank lists, and learning about programs that they otherwise would not have considered. Most listeners (90%) ranked the podcast as one of their top three resources for learning about plastic surgery programs during the application and interview process. Future directions include completion of episodes for all integrated plastic surgery programs and expansion to other surgical subspecialties and plastic surgery fellowships.
Single cell analysis by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced native fluorescence detection

viii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 1 Single Cell Analysis 1 References 2 CHAPTER 1. CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CELLS: LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION 3 INTRODUCTION 3 CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS OF SINGLE CELLS 4 Preparation of Cell Suspension Solution 4 Cell Injection 4 Electrokinetic 6 Vacuum 6 Cell Lysis 6 LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE-GENERAL INSTRUMENTATION 9 NATIVE FLUORESCENCE 10 Insulin in Pancreatic p-Cells 10 Catecholamines in Adrenal Medullary Cells 11 DERIVATIZATION 12 Pre-Column Reaction 13 Adrenal Medullary Cells 13 Neurons 14 Helix aspersa 14 Aplysia califomica 14 Erythrocytes 15 Post-Column Reaction 16 INDIRECT FLUORESCENCE 17 Sodium and Potassium 18 Lactate and Pyruvate 19 FLUORESCENT ENZYME ASSAY 19
The mechanics of the use of the Reuther board during side horse vaulting

The purpose of this study was to describe the interaction of women side horse vaulters with the Reuther board during performance of the handspring vault. Specific parameters to be identified were the forces and impulses of the board as a function of the vaulter’s contact position and the sequential pattern of segmental motion and force parameters during board contact.
Repassivation of Aluminum in the Presence of Phosphate and Nitrate Inhibitors in Corrosive Media

We study the efficiency of inhibition of the corrosion of aluminum in the stage of repassivation after the destruction of the surface oxide film. It is shown that the addition of phosphate and nitrate inhibitors to an acid-rain solution decreases the difference between the free corrosion potential of the aluminum surface and its transient potential in the course of formation of passive films. It is discovered and proved that the phosphate-nitrate composition exerts a synergistic anticorrosion effect on the mechanically activated aluminum surface.
Signal processing techniques for vital sign monitoring using mobile short range doppler radar

This paper investigates mobile noncontact vital sign monitoring device for short range application. The radar module is mounted on a programmable linear stage, and precise stage movements are monitored by an optical tracking system. The motion artifacts due to radar system movements are removed using IIR filter and adaptive noise cancellation techniques. The system is capable of extracting respiration rate even in the presence of radar module motion. In many applications, vital sign measurement from a mobile platform will be very useful, i.e., using unmanned vehicle as a first responder in battlefield including other military and medical applications. Our experiments and theoretical techniques provide a baseline that can be potentially used to measure vital signs from any arbitrarily moving radar system.
Autolysin(s) of Bacillus subtilis as dechaining enzyme.

Abstract Bacillus subtilis bacteria grow exponentially as long filaments in well-aerated cultures at 48 C. These filaments are chains of cells which can become unlinked when a B. subtilis autolysin or egg white lysozyme is added to the culture medium.
A More Holy War: The Albigensian Crusade and the Battle for Christendom – By Mark Pegg

Remarkably few comprehensive works exist about the pivotal crusade against the “Albigensians.” This author's contribution certainly helps to fill that historiographical gap. Indeed it is Mark Pegg ...
Renal-Pulmonary Crosstalk

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major clinical challenge, especially in combination with acute lung injury (ALI). Clinical as well as experimental studies have provided evidence for clinically relevant kidney-lung interactions, ultimately leading to a drastic reduction in survival. The crosstalk between AKI and ALI is a consequence of both direct loss of normal organ function and inflammatory dysregulation resulting from each organ failure. Cellular (e.g. neutrophils) as well as soluble mediators (cytokines) contribute to the inflammatory dysregulation under these circumstances. Clinical interventions are currently limited to general, unspecific preventive or supportive measures. With respect to AKI, these strategies include adequate volume control, correction of acid-base/electrolyte abnormalities and elimination of uremic substances by renal replacement therapy. Lung protective ventilation, including low tidal volume ventilation, is a cornerstone in the management of ALI. This approach has been shown to attenuate both the direct mechanical effects of ventilation and the inflammatory response arising from ALI and mechanical ventilation, ultimately reducing the incidence of extrapulmonary organ failure. The fact that multiorgan failure is not only the sum of organ functions lost, but also includes inflammatory dysregulation together with a lack of treatment options greatly emphasizes the need for future research in this area.
Ibrutinib for the treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by IgM monoclonal gammopathy and bone marrow infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells. Until recently, there was no drug specifically approved for WM by the US FDA, leading to wide variations in therapeutic strategies across the globe. Ibrutinib, an oral Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, is the first drug approved specifically for WM by the FDA after a clinical trial showed impressive response in previously treated WM. Ibrutinib is a non-stem cell toxic and non-neurotoxic option and suitable for long-term oral maintenance therapy, with the potential of improving survival in WM. With identification of novel genetic mutations impacting response to ibrutinib, it would be possible to individualize therapy based on MYD88 and CXCR4 genotypes. However, long-term safety and efficacy data are required, and cost-effectiveness needs to be addressed before ibrutinib can gain widespread acceptance for front-line therapy of WM.
Reduced graphene oxide mid-infrared photodetector at 300 K

We report on uncooled mid-infrared photovoltaic responses at 300 K arising in heterojunctions of reduced graphene oxide with p-Si. Two major photoresponse spectral peaks are observed, one in the near infrared starting at 1.1 μm corresponding to electron-hole pair generation in the Si substrate, and another at wavelengths below 2.5 μm, arising from properties of the reduced graphene oxide-Si heterojunction. Our analysis of the current-voltage characteristics at various temperatures suggests that the two materials form a type-II (broken-gap) heterojunction, with a characteristic transition between direct tunneling to field emission, to over-the-barrier excitation with increasing reverse voltage. Illumination was found to affect the onset of the transition between direct tunneling and field-emission, suggesting that the mid infrared response results from the excitation of minority carriers (electrons) from the Si and their collection in the reduced graphene oxide contact. The photoresponse near 1.1 μm showed a time constant at least five times faster than the one at 2.5 μm, which points to surface defects as well as high series resistance and capacitance as potentially limiting factors in this mode of operation. With proper device engineering considerations, these devices could be promising as a graphene-based platform for infrared sensing.
Active tectonics of northwestern U.S. inferred from GPS-derived surface velocities

[1] Surface velocities derived from GPS observations from 1993 to 2011 at several hundred sites across the deforming northwestern United States are used to further elucidate the region's active tectonics. The new velocities reveal that the clockwise rotations, relative to North America, seen in Oregon and western Washington from earlier GPS observations, continue to the east to include the Snake River Plain of Idaho and south into the Basin and Range of northern Nevada. Regional-scale rotation is attributed to gravitationally driven extension in the Basin and Range and Pacific-North America shear transferred through the Walker Lane belt aided by potentially strong pinning below the Idaho Batholith. The large rotating section comprising eastern Oregon displays very low internal deformation rates despite seismological evidence for a thin crust, warm mantle, organized mantle flow, and elevated topography. The observed disparity between mantle and surface kinematics suggests that either little stress acts between them (low basal shear) or that the crust is strong relative to the mantle. The rotation of the Oregon block impinges on Washington across the Yakima fold-thrust belt where shortening occurs in a closing-fan style. Elastic fault locking at the Cascadia subduction zone is reevaluated using the GPS velocities and recently published uplift rates. The 18 year GPS and 80 year leveling data can both be matched with a common locking model suggesting that the locking has been stable over many decades. The rate of strain accumulation is consistent with hundreds of years between great subduction events.
High Resolution Manometry Patterns Distinguish Acid Sensitivity in Non-Cardiac Chest Pain

Background High resolution manometry (HRM) has demonstrated two distinct smooth muscle contraction segments in the esophageal body; changes in these segments typify certain esophageal disorders. We investigated segmental characteristics in subgroups of non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP). Methods 32 NCCP subjects were segregated into a GERD group (ambulatory pH testing off antisecretory therapy showing elevated total acid exposure time, AET ≥ 4.0% and positive symptom association probability, SAP) and an acid sensitive group (normal AET and positive SAP). HRM Clouse plots were analyzed; smooth muscle segment lengths, pressure amplitude peaks were measured for segment 2 and segment 3 (proximal and distal smooth muscle segments). Pressure volumes were determined in mmHg cm−1 s−1 for each peristaltic segment, and ratios of segment 3 : segment 2 calculated. Values were compared to a cohort of 14 normal controls. Key Results A distinctive shift in peak contraction amplitude to segment 3 was evident in the acid sensitive group (segment 2, 100.03 ± 11.06 mmHg, segment 3, 145.23 ± 10.29 mmHg, P = 0.006). Pressure volumes were similarly shifted to segment 3 (segment 2: 855.3 ± 135.1 mmHg cm−1 s−1, segment 3: 2115.2 ± 218.6 mmHg cm−1 s−1, P < 0.005). In contrast, peak amplitude and pressure volume were near equal in the two segments in GERD and control groups. A threshold segment 3 : segment 2 pressure volume ratio of 1.9 had the best performance characteristic for segregating acid sensitivity subjects from all GERD and control subjects. Conclusions & Inferences Shift in contractile vigor to the third peristaltic segment may be seen in acid sensitive subjects. HRM characteristics of smooth muscle contraction segments are of value in making this determination.
The morphosyntax of Lubukusu locative inversion and the parameterization of Agree

Abstract This paper examines two previously undiscussed locative inversion constructions in Lubukusu (Bantu) with respect to both their theoretical and typological significance. Repeated agreement locative inversion has two distinct verbal affixes which agree with the fronted locative phrase, whereas the verb agrees with both the fronted locative and the postverbal subject in disjoint agreement locative inversion. Each critical aspect of these constructions is explored – the nature of the locative clitic that appears, the position of the fronted locative phrase, and the position of the postverbal subject – concluding that the two locative inversion constructions have very different structural properties. These different structures are then used to examine the apparently ‘downward’ agreement pattern in disjoint agreement locative inversion in light of the Upward Agreement Hypothesis, that is, the claim by Baker [The syntax of agreement and concord, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; among others] that heads in Bantu languages agree with structurally higher phrases. The analyses proposed offer insight into the place of Lubukusu locative inversion among other (Bantu) locative inversion constructions, as well as giving evidence that the apparent counter-evidence of disjoint agreement locative inversion in the end is nonetheless amenable to an ‘upward’ agreement analysis, further supporting the Upward Agreement Hypothesis.
Rapid Infusion and point-of-care chemistry testing in massive Transfusion: Avoiding common pitfalls

~ OR MULTIPLE trauma patients with massive hemorrhage presenting for surgery, preoperative efforts have been directed at stabilizing (or at least temporizing) hemodynamic status. Obtaining adequate intravenous access and infusing crystalloid and packed red blood cells are important measures in supporting circulating blood volume. However, anesthesiologists are still faced with precarious situations in which either all the above has taken place in the face of ongoing hemorrhage, or some stabilization has occurred but surgical management will, of necessity, entail increased blood loss. In either case, the clinical sequelae of hemorrhage and shock (such as acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy) will begin to present at this point, problems that become all the more difficult if not managed early and effectively.
Effects of Cyclocryotherapy on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cats

• The effects of graded cyclocryotherapy were studied using pneumatonometry, fluorophotometry, and light and electron microscopy. Cats were treated with either 90°, 180°, or 270° of cyclocryotherapy and were followed up for six weeks. The response of the eyes to treatment was evaluated in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) response, aqueous humor flow rate, and permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier compared with the untreated fellow eye. The average IOP response was determined to be −20%, −44%, and −47% for the 90°, 180°, and 270° treated eyes, respectively. The aqueous humor flow rate was estimated to be −14%, −44%, and −52% for each of the groups, respectively. Finally, the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier, measured 60 minutes after injection of fluorescein, was estimated to be a percent increase of 22%, 332%, and 285% for each of the groups, respectively. Histologically, the maximally treated eyes (270°) demonstrated greater disruption of the ciliary body compared with the control eyes. Thus, graded cyclocryotherapy causes graded destruction of the ciliary epithelium and proportionally related changes in IOP and aqueous humor dynamics.
An “effluent” charge approach to aircraft noise abatement

Abstract This paper is concerned with the control of aircraft noise. Some brief remarks are made on the relationship of aircraft noise problems to the theoretical approaches to externalities. We note in particular that an effluent charge is the most practical way to deal with the problem. A linear programming technique is used to find the bundle of noise-reducing options that minimizes the cost of achieving noise reduction goals, given an upper limit on service reduction. A rate-of-return criterion is imposed on the l.p. solution. Shadow prices are used to generate charges on the airlines. This provides a stimulus for abatement without dictating actual methods. Implicit in the cost parameters are prices of aircraft fuel. We assess the attractiveness of the abatement options with increasing fuel prices. The mechanics of the actual implementation of the charge in the airline industry is examined. We conclude that the institution of a plan such as the one proposed here will provide control of aircraft noise in a socially efficient manner.
Media and public perceptions of the police: examining the impact of race and personal experience

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of crime-related media consumption on individuals' opinions of the police. Using a statewide survey of 4245 California residents, three aspects of police performance – confidence in the police, police fairness and police use of excessive force – were regressed on multiple forms of media. The results suggest that viewing television news and crime-based reality programmes significantly increases confidence in the police. Interactions with arrest, crime victimisation and race were also examined. Victims and those with an arrest experience were not affected by crime-related media consumption, suggesting that first-hand experiences with crime were more important than the media in shaping individual's opinions of the police. Consumption of crime-related media increased confidence in the police among White respondents, but had no effect on Latinos or African-Americans.