cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Montana Advisory Dentist Program.

This program assures nursing home patients of dental care, including screening for oral cancer, oral hygiene instruction, and emergency treatment. Patients in long-term-care facilities are receiving better dental care as the role of the advisory dentist has been defined. Dental health for patients has been assessed, individual oral hygiene regimens have been designed, and in-service training programs have been established in each of the facilities.
All sail, no anchor III: risk aggregation and time's arrow

This paper explains why protection mechanisms which distribute even the protected forms of information assets lead to increased risks. It describes a mechanism (called a ”lethal secret sharing system”) which enables the imposition of ”forgetfulness” by an asset owner on the receiver of a protected asset. This forgetfulness, or ”lethe”, is enforced by allowing the asset owner to give information about a piece of knowledge to the asset receiver in such a way that the receiver can be prevented at a future time from using the knowledge to recover the information.
A Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation of Sorbate Mobility in Zeolites: The Effects of Molecular Crowding on Sorbate Mobility

A finite lattice of adsorption sites, as shown by Monte Carlo simulation, is used to develop a simple hopping model of small molecules within the alpha cage of zeolite NaA. A two body attractive energetic interaction is employed for occupied pairs of nearest neighbor sites. A many body repulsive interaction term accounts for the crowding associated with site saturation. This term becomes important when the site-site spacing is less than the van der Waals diameter of the adsorbate. The dynamic Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate site to site hopping frequencies as a function of loading based on this potential energy function. As the sorbate-sorbate attractive interaction is increased (or, equivalently, as the temperature is reduced), mobility minima occur at certain lattice occupancies which may be explained by the formation of energetically favorable clusters on the cubocathedral lattice. In other words, molecular crowding can cause sorbate mobility to suffer minima as loading is increased. This prediction is in agreement with recent Xe NMR measurements.
Strategies of legitimization in political discourse: From words to actions

From an interdisciplinary framework anchored theoretically in Critical Discourse Analysis and using analytical tools from Systemic Functional Linguistics, this article accounts for a crucial use of language in society: the process of legitimization. This article explains specific linguistic ways in which language represents an instrument of control (Hodge and Kress, 1993: 6) and manifests symbolic power (Bourdieu, 2001) in discourse and society. Taking into account previous studies on legitimization (i.e. Martin Rojo and Van Dijk, 1997; Van Dijk, 2005; Van Leeuwen, 1996, 2007, 2008; Van Leeuwen and Wodak, 1999), this particular work develops and proposes some key strategies of legitimization employed by social actors to justify courses of action. The strategies of legitimization can be used individually or in combination with others, and justify social practices through: (1) emotions (particularly fear), (2) a hypothetical future, (3) rationality, (4) voices of expertise and (5) altruism. This article exp...
Habitat partitioning in a patchy environment: considering the role of intraspecific competition

Coexistence of many size groups of conspecifics in habitat patches may complicate resource partitioning and increase intraspecific interactions. The objectives of my study were to determine partitioning of habitat among age groups of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, coexisting in pool habitat of a headwater stream, and to determine the role of intraspecific competition for such resource partitioning. The trout population showed size and age specific patterns of habitat use, and trout selected locations based on depth and longitudinal position. This habitat use pattern decreased intraspecific overlap among the trout age groups for use of pool space. I used a removal experiment to determine if two-year old trout constrained habitat use by the smaller conspecifics. Although the experimental results imply that recent intraspecific competition was not present, the absence of competitive exclusion was not clearly demonstrated because of low experimental power. While this study identified habitat partitioning among the trout age groups, it remains unclear whether biotic interactions or size specific requirements were causing the habitat use patterns.
Increased cyclic AMP levels and beta-adrenergic antagonist binding in cystic fibrosis fibroblasts.

Abstract We have found that cAMP is induced to a greater extent in cultured cystic fibrosis fibroblast cell lines than in normal lines using a β-adrenergic agonist. By using the potent β-antagonist, [ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol in a competitive radioligand binding assay, we measured β-adrenergic specific binding on skin fibroblasts derived from cystic fibrosis patients and normal individuals. The CF cells were found to have 0.73 ± 0.12 fmole/μg protein specifically bound, while normal cells showed 0.25 ± 0.03 fmole/μg protein. Even though this difference is highly statistically significant, we found some overlap between the two cell types from one experiment to another. In any given experiment, however, the CF cells consistently showed increased β-adrenergic binding when compared to normal controls. Binding was measured on plasma membrane extracts from CF and normal fibroblasts. The CF lines continued to show increased specific binding compared to normal lines when partially purified plasma membranes were assayed. The β-adrenergic binding capacity of partially purified plasma membranes was significantly higher (10 times) than the values obtained with whole cells in both cases.
In Vivo Feasibility of Real-Time Monitoring of Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS) Using Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI)

In this study, the Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound (HMIFU) technique is applied to monitor changes in mechanical properties of tissues during thermal therapy in a transgenic breast cancer mouse model in vivo. An HMIFU system, composed of a 4.5-MHz focused ultrasound (FUS) and a 3.3-MHz phased-array imaging transducer, was mechanically moved to image and ablate the entire tumor. The FUS transducer was driven by an amplitude-modulated (AM) signal at 15 Hz. The acoustic intensity (Ispta) was equal to 1050 W/cm2 at the focus. A digital low-pass filter was used to filter out the spectrum of the FUS beam and its harmonics prior to displacement estimation. The resulting axial displacement was estimated using 1-D cross-correlation on the acquired RF signals. Results from two mice with eight lesions formed in each mouse (16 lesions total) showed that the average peak-to-peak displacement amplitude before and after lesion formation was respectively equal to 17.34 ± 1.34 ?m and 10.98 ± 1.82 ?m (p < 0.001). Cell death was also confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin histology. HMI displacement can be used to monitor the relative tissue stiffness changes in real time during heating so that the treatment procedure can be performed in a time-efficient manner. The HMIFU system may, therefore, constitute a cost-efficient and reliable alternative for real-time monitoring of thermal ablation.
The Effects of Hypertonic Dextrose Injection on Connective Tissue and Nerve Conduction Through the Rabbit Carpal Tunnel

Abstract Yoshii Y, Zhao C, Schmelzer JD, Low PA, An K-N, Amadio PC. The effects of hypertonic dextrose injection on connective tissue and nerve conduction through the rabbit carpal tunnel. Objective To investigate the effects of hypertonic dextrose injection on the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) in a rabbit model. We hypothesized that dextrose injection would induce proliferation of the SSCT, hinder median nerve conduction, and alter SSCT mechanical properties, similar to what is observed in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Design Randomized, controlled prospective study. Setting Not applicable. Participants New Zealand white rabbits (N=28) weighing 4.0 to 4.5kg. Intervention One forepaw was randomly injected with 0.1mL 10% dextrose solution. The contralateral paw was injected with a similar amount of 0.9% saline solution as a control. Animals were killed at 12 weeks after injection. Main Outcome Measures Animals were evaluated by electrophysiology (EP), mechanical testing, and histology. EP was evaluated by distal motor latency and amplitude. Shear force was evaluated when the middle digit flexor digitorum superficialis tendon was pulled out from the carpal tunnel. The ultimate tensile load and the energy absorption were also measured. Tissue for histology was evaluated qualitatively. Results EP demonstrated significant prolongation of distal motor latency. The energy absorption and stiffness were also significantly increased in the dextrose group. Histologically, the dextrose group showed thickening of the collagen bundles and vascular proliferation within the SSCT compared with the saline group. Conclusions These results are consistent with the findings in patients with CTS and suggest that hypertonic dextrose injection has the potential to create a novel animal model in which to study the evolution of CTS.
Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillators Based on Inkjet Printed Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Tin Oxide

A voltage-controlled ring oscillator is implemented with double-gate complementary transistors where both the n- and p-channel semiconductors are deposited by inkjet printing. Top gates added to transistors in conventional ring oscillator circuits control not only threshold voltages of the constituent transistors but also the oscillation frequencies of the ring oscillators. The oscillation frequency increases or decreases linearly with applied top gate potential. The field-effect transistor materials system that yields such linear behavior has not been previously reported. In this work, we demonstrate details of a material system (gate insulator, p- and n-channel semiconductors) that results in very linear frequency changes with control gate potential. Our use of a double layer top dielectric consisting of a combination of solution processed P(VDF-TrFE) and Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition leads to low operating voltages and near-optimal device characteristics from a circuit standpoint. Such functional blocks will enable the realization of printed voltage-controlled oscillator-based analog-to-digital converters.
Peer-Reviewed Literature

The excimer laser is one of the most widely used tools in ophthalmology for correcting refractive error, with an estimated 1.5 million procedures per year. LASIK complications persist even with recent advancements in excimer laser technology. Reported complications associated with LASIK include corneal flap abnormalities, epithelial ingrowth, corneal ectasia, diffuse lamellar keratitis, dry eyes, and infectious keratitis. Reported complications associated with PRK and LASEK include many of the non flap-related complications seen after LASIK, such as corneal subepithelial haze/glare/halos and optical aberrations.
X-band Band-pass Frequency Selective Surface for Radome Applications

A low profile multi layer miniaturized unit cell frequency selective surface (FSS) with second-order band-pass response is design. The metallic layers in the form of capacitive patches and inductive grids are separated by dielectric substrates. The non-resonant sub-wavelength unit cells with unit cell dimensions and periodicities on the order of 0.15λ. The overall thickness of approximately 0.03λ is designed which is useful at lower frequencies with long wavelengths. The FSS exhibit a stable frequency response to different angles of incidence and polarizations. The analysis and synthesis of the FSS is done using equivalent circuit method and simulated using CST microwave studio at X-band.
A Frequency-Selective Zero-Permeability Metamaterial Shield for Reduction of Near-Field Electromagnetic Energy

Wireless power transfer and other near-field applications can generate large magnetoquasistatic fields that can potentially be harmful to humans or interact negatively with the environment. Several shields have been proposed for the magnetic near field, such as ferrite sheets or metallic shields. While each can be effective, there are tradeoffs to each, namely loss, weight, and cost. In addition, metallic and ferrite shields are broadband and block large portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this letter, we introduce a new type of magnetic near-field shield, a zero-permeability near-field metamaterial (NF-MM) shield. This shield operates by canceling the incident magnetic flux without significant additional loss to the system. Moreover, the zero-permeability shield is frequency-selective, blocking only a single or small bandwidth of frequencies, enabling shielding only at the desired frequency while allowing the remainder of the electromagnetic spectrum through. We show that a zero-permeability NF-MM shield can reduce magnetic field strength by 22.84 dB in simulation and demonstrate 77% reduction in an experimental prototype.
The Laws of Agency Lawyering

A significant part of lawyering in the regulatory state involves lawyers appearing and practicing before federal administrative agencies on behalf of clients.1 In performing this role, as in other contexts, lawyers are themselves regulated by multiple, overlapping legal regimes. These regimes include state ethics rules, tort and criminal law, and, when regulatory matters wind up in court, rules of procedure and rules derived from the courts’ inherent supervisory powers. Lawyers appearing and practicing before federal agencies, however, are often subject to additional ethical rules promulgated by the agencies.2 By ethical rules, I mean rules that regulate lawyers and can be enforced by limiting or prohibiting the ability of the lawyer to practice before the agency.3 The most well-known of these agency rules are the SEC’s Sarbanes-Oxley rules, the IRS’s Circular 230 rules, and the U.S. Patent and Trade Office’s (USPTO) practice rules, but there are a number of others.
Survey of a diarrhea outbreak caused by norovirus in a nursery school

Objective To investigate a diarrhea outbreak caused by norovirus,and find the reason of outbreak in a nursery school. Methods Field epidemiology method was used to analyze the basic situation of the nursery school as well as the epidemiology situation of disease and the laboratory test results. Results A total of17 cases were found,including 15 children and 2 teachers. the attack rate of this nursery school was 4. 86%( 17/350). Detected anal swab 3 samples,faeces 4 samples,vomitus 2 samples,9 specimens of cases were norovirus positive,while 2 specimens of health children were norovirus negative. Collected 2 batches of left bottled water,among which total number of colonies and coliforms were exceeding standard in several water samples( 5 /7). Conclusions Field epidemiology survey and laboratory results indicate that the event is an infectious diarrhea outbreak caused by norovirus.
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: imaging update and review

The purpose of this study was to review the imaging features of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) with clinical and pathology correlation. With institutional review board (IRB) approval, a retrospective search of the surgical pathology database from January 2000 to July 2015 was performed. Clinical, imaging and histology findings were reviewed. Cases of granulomatous mastitis without a known source, diagnosed with percutaneous or surgical biopsy, were included in our analysis. Seventeen cases of IGM were identified with imaging available for review. The majority of patients presented with a palpable abnormality, whereas a minority were asymptomatic with an abnormal screening mammogram. At imaging, IGM most often demonstrated a focal asymmetry at mammography, a hypoechoic mass with irregular or angular margins at ultrasound, and robust enhancement with mixed progressive and plateau kinetics at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Axillary lymph nodes were reactive in appearance at ultrasound. Molecular breast imaging performed in one case showed mild focal asymmetric radiotracer uptake. IGM is a rapidly progressive rare inflammatory condition of the breast resulting in non-necrotizing granuloma formation. Imaging features mimic breast carcinoma and diagnosis can be difficult. Radiologists’ awareness of this condition is essential to prevent delayed or unnecessary treatment. • Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is rapidly progressive inflammatory condition. • Imaging features may mimic breast carcinoma or infection. • Ultrasound shows irregular hypoechoic masses with increased vascularity and sinus tracts. • MRI shows irregular, enhancing masses or non-mass enhancement with microabscesses. • MRI is useful for assessment of breast involvement and response to treatment.
Actors, Norms and Institutions: The Necessary Ingredients for a Successful Policy Model

In the previous chapters, we looked for explanations for why some countries have successfully responded to EU-driven gender equality policies while others have not. The changes that have taken place in the region have been drastic in some areas and more marginal in others. Nevertheless, it is evident that at least in general terms the process of adoption and implementation of the policies under study has triggered some response in the domestic arena, driven during the accession process by the desire for membership. The gender issues, such as reconciliation policy, that in the very early years of transition from communism in Central and Eastern Europe were mostly seen as part of the communist regime agenda have continuously gained more attention and legitimacy in the public political arena in the later stages of democratization. Novel legislative changes have been the most noticeable effects of EU membership in post-communist countries. Despite criticisms that the laws have been passed in a symbolic manner to satisfy the EU requirements, the establishment of a gender legal basis in Central and Eastern Europe presents an aperture for domestic actors to take action and induce the implementation of public policies on behalf of women’s interests. That is why in this book, the process of implementation in addition to the process of adoption is scrutinized in order to shed light on the actions of non-state actors as well as governmental institutions to implement legal measures that can alter the status of women in the society.
Seasonal constraints on inferred planetary heat content

Planetary heating can be quantified using top of the atmosphere energy fluxes or through monitoring the heat content of the earth system. It has been difficult, however, to compare the two methods with each other because of biases in satellite measurements and incomplete spatial coverage of ocean observations. Here, we focus on the the seasonal cycle whose amplitude is large relative to satellite biases and observational errors. The seasonal budget can be closed through inferring contributions from high-latitude oceans and marginal seas using the covariance structure of NCAR CESM1. In contrast, if these regions are approximated as the average across well-observed regions, the amplitude of the seasonal cycle is overestimated relative to satellite constraints. Analysis of the same CESM1 simulation indicates that complete measurement of the upper ocean would increase the magnitude and precision of interannual trend estimates in ocean heating more than fully measuring the deep ocean.
Perioperative considerations and complications in pediatric parathyroidectomy

Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis To evaluate perioperative considerations and post-operative complications associated with parathyroidectomy in the pediatric population. Methods The Kids' Inpatient Database 21 (KID) was searched for patients who underwent parathyroidectomy in 2009 and 2012. Patient demographics, hospital stay, associated charges, and post-operative adverse sequelae were evaluated in all patients and included patient comorbidity and additional procedure requirement analysis. Results There were 182 patients extrapolating to 262 parathyroidectomies over the two years analyzed. Although a minority of patients were male (45.4%), these patients had greater rates of complications, length of stay, and hospital charges. Importantly, minorities and younger patients (≤15y) also had more complicated post-operative courses. The lengths of stay for patients experiencing post-operative altered mental status (18.7d), post-operative infection (15.5d), respiratory complications (19d), and cardiac complications (13d) were significantly increased compared to individuals without major complications (3.4d) (p Conclusion Findings from this analysis can be included in a comprehensive pre-operative informed consent process between physicians and patients discussing perioperative considerations and potential complications of parathyroidectomy. Males, younger children, and patients with preexisting renal conditions experienced lengthier and more complicated hospital stays, suggesting the need for closer monitoring of these cohorts.
Comparison of Heat Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in Milk as Determined by Two Methods.

The thermal resistance of 3 strains of Listeria monocytogenes was compared using test tube versus sealed tube methods of thermal inactivation. All L. monocytogenes strains were rapidly inactivated in milk when survival was measured using sealed tube thermal inactivation methods. Calculated D62°C values ranged between 0.1-0.4 min for the three strains tested. In contrast, total inactivation of L. monocytogenes populations using test tube methods of thermal inactivation could not be accomplished within 30 min at 62°C. Extensive tailing of survivor curves was consistently observed. When an initial population of 5 × 106 L. monocytogenes /ml was heated at 72, 82, or 92°C, consistent survival of a population of 102-103 L. monocytogenes /ml after 30 min was observed. The results prove that the test tube method for measuring thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes is inaccurate. Reports of extraordinary heat resistance based upon this method are correspondingly inaccurate. L. monocytogenes cells, dispersed freely in milk, will not survive pasteurization.
G Protein Coupled Receptors: Druggability and Structural Aspects

The 2012 Nobel in Chemistry was awarded to Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka for their scientific contributions in the inner-workings of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) function. What culminated to this prestigious award was years of scientific endeavors by the above investigators and others towards understanding the structural basis of GPCR function. It is estimated 800 GPCRs are found in the human genome, which makes them one of the largest families in the proteome. Nevertheless, not all of them are potential drug targets. Specifically, 290 to 401 GPCRs [1] could be amenable to therapeutic intervention, with about 46 of them having been targeted to date. Thus, there is still a significant number of GPCRs that could be related to human diseases. However, while there is no skepticism regarding the value of GPCRs as drug targets, the question is whether an activated receptor is always necessary for structure-based ligand (SBLD) discovery. In other words, is the existence of active state GPCR structures a prerequisite for a successful SBLD program?
Social Disadvantage, Severe Child Abuse, and Biological Profiles in Adulthood.

Guided by the stress process model and the life course perspective, we hypothesize: (1) that childhood abuse is concentrated, in terms of type and intensity, among socially disadvantaged individuals, and (2) that experiencing serious abuse contributes to poor biological profiles in multiple body systems in adulthood. Data came from the Biomarker subsample of Midlife in the United States (2004–2006). We used latent class analysis to identify distinct profiles of childhood abuse, each reflecting a combination of type and severity. Results indicate that disadvantaged groups, women, and those from disadvantaged families are at greater risk of experiencing more severe and multiple types of abuse. Those with more severe and multifaceted childhood abuse show greater physiological dysregulation. Childhood abuse experiences partially accounted for the social status differences in physiological profiles. Our findings underscore that differential exposure to serious childhood stressors plays a significant role in ge...
An Overview of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a global disorder and accounts for almost half the annual mortality in the western world. It often remains clinically silent until it causes end organ damage resulting in stroke, ischemic heart disease, or peripheral vascular insufficiency of the extremities. The distribution of atherosclerosis in the vascular tree is fairly characteristic. The aorta is involved more extensively and earlier than other vessels and the abdominal aorta is more widely involved than the aortic arch or the thoracic aorta. The pulmonary arteries, the renal arteries, and the mesenteric arteries are the least susceptible. Lower limb vessels are more often affected than the upper limb vessels. Fatty streaks, which are the earliest lesion of atherosclerosis, can be seen in the aorta in infancy or early childhood. Epidemiological studies have shown a high degree of association between atherosclerosis and elevated lipids. The ratio of total cholesterol to high-density cholesterol is an important factor in predicting risk. Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) induces endothelial injury, and increases the adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium. LDL is oxidatively modified by endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. Oxidation of LDL leads to increased collagen production and progression of atherosclerosis.
ON THE CHOICE OF DISCRETIZATION FOR SOLVING P.D.E.'S ON A MULTI-PROCESSOR

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the choice of discretization for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on a multiprocessor. There are several algorithmic questions associated with solving PDEs in a multiprocessor architecture. The model architecture is a multiple instruction/ multiple-data-storage device (MI/MD) with direct nearest-neighbor communication links between adjacent processors. An example of MI/MD architecture is the finite element machine being developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. It is at present configured as an n × n grid of micro-processors with each processor connected to eight nearest-neighbors, together with a global bus connecting all processors. The local, direct connections of a grid of microprocessors such as the finite element machine are particularly well suited to solving partial differential equations, because differential operators are themselves local. It is found that if the discrete problem domain is a regular grid that is isomorphic to the grid of processors, then it is easy to envision how the multiprocessor is utilized.
Collaborative Comanagement Between Neurohospitalists and Internal Medicine Hospitalists Decreases Provider Costs and Enhances Satisfaction With Neurology Care at an Academic Medical Center.

Background and Purpose:The majority of academic medical centers are moving to a neurohospitalist model of care for hospital neurology coverage. Potential benefits over a more traditional academic m...
Success of Motor Alignment in Exotropia Treated with Botulinum Toxin versus Surgery

We compared the ocular motor alignment of patients with exodeviations after surgery or botulinum A toxin injection. Ocular motility measurements were compared at time intervals of 3, 6, 12, and 24 ...
Consciousness, Cognitive Psychology of

The Hard Problem of consciousness is how to explain a state of consciousness in terms of its neurological basis. Philosophers have proposed that some of the sting of the Hard Problem can be removed by distinguishing concepts from properties and assigning subjectivity to concepts rather than properties. This entry also points out that our understanding of the empirical results on consciousness is improved by a distinction between phenomenality, reflexivity, and global accessibility.
The Northern Algonkian Project and Changing Perceptions of Human Adaptation

The idea behind this project took root in 1968 as a result of two chance events. While reading one of V. Stefansson’s books on life with the Eskimo (Inuit), I was struck by the strength of his conviction that Inuit adaptation to the north was technically and behaviorally superior to that of neighboring Indians. They were, in his view, simply more comfortable, secure, and cheerful than their boreal Indian counterparts. A short time later, I had an opportunity to collect thermal data on men living and working in the deep January winter of central Alaska. I consequently convinced myself that it was possible to conduct field experiments under the adverse winter conditions of the boreal zone.
Balanitis as a Fixed Drug Eruption to Tetracycline

AbstractFixed drug eruptions are a rarely reported complication of tetracycline therapy. For poorly understood reasons, the epithelium of the glans penis seems unusually susceptible to this type of reaction. We report 3 additional cases of balanitis secondary to orally administered tetracycline and suggest that there may not be cross sensitivity to doxycycline.
Gabapentin Use for Hospitalized Neonates

Abstract Background Despite some clinician advocacy for the use of gabapentin to treat neonatal irritability of presumed neurological origin, the extent of gabapentin administration to hospitalized neonates is unknown. We aimed to identify trends in gabapentin utilization among infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the United States and to evaluate the associations between clinical diagnoses and gabapentin treatment. Methods We analyzed neonates admitted to the NICU using the Pediatric Health Information System (2005 to 2016) to measure treatment timing, duration, and frequency. We used modified Poisson regression with a robust between-cluster variance estimator to calculate a probability (adjusted relative risk) for gabapentin administration. Results Of 278,403 neonates, 374 were administered gabapentin (0.13%). The median treatment duration was 16 days (25th to 75th percentile: 8; 40). Gabapentin use increased from 0% in 2005 to 0.39% in 2016. Treatment was prescribed to neonates at 31 of 48 studied hospitals; 73% of total treated infants localized to five neonatal intensive care units. Term (0.16%) and ≤28 weeks' gestation preterm infants (0.22%) were most likely to receive gabapentin. Varying by gestational age, a diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hemorrhagic stroke, and neonatal abstinence syndrome were associated with higher treatment with gabapentin. The majority (88.8%) of treated infants did not have a seizure diagnosis. Conclusion Gabapentin use in NICU in the United States increased in recent years and varies markedly between institutions. Term infants, ≤28 weeks' gestation preterm infants, and neonates with chronic genetic, neurological, and gastrointestinal diagnoses were more likely to receive gabapentin.
Predictors of Sibling Victimization and Associations With Self-Perception and Relationship Attachment in Adolescence:

Research shows that sibling victimization may be as detrimental to adolescent outcomes as peer victimization. However, many questions remain unanswered with regard to protective parenting factors a...
Randomized, double-blind phase III study of pazopanib versus placebo in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have no evidence of disease following metastasectomy: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN cancer research group (E2810).

4502Background: Patients with no evidence of disease (NED) after metastasectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are at high risk of recurrence, but no systemic therapy has been shown to ...
Alkaline lake settings for concentrated prebiotic cyanide and the origin of life

Abstract Cyanide plays a critical role in origin of life hypotheses that have received strong experimental support from cyanide-driven synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and lipid precursors. However, relatively high cyanide concentrations are needed. Such cyanide could have been supplied by reaction networks in which hydrogen cyanide in early Earth’s atmosphere reacted with iron to form ferrocyanide salts, followed by thermal decomposition of ferrocyanide salts to cyanide. Using an aqueous model supported by new experimental data, we show that sodium ferrocyanide salts precipitate in closed-basin, alkaline lakes over a wide range of plausible early Earth conditions. Such lakes were likely common on the early Earth because of chemical weathering of mafic or ultramafic rocks and evaporative concentration. Subsequent thermal decomposition of sedimentary sodium ferrocyanide yields sodium cyanide (NaCN), which dissolves in water to form NaCN-rich solutions. Thus, geochemical considerations newly identify a particular geological setting and NaCN feedstock nucleophile for prebiotic chemistry.
Bra Underwire Customization With 3-D Printing:

In the current research, we aimed to investigate whether customized 3-D underwires improve bra performance. The first experiment was designed to study whether customized 3-D printed underwires prov...
Change Management in Practice: Creating a Culture That Promotes Technology Adoption

This chapter discusses the initial steps the EdTech team took in planning organizational change. They discuss the team’s shared values, their efforts to develop their own cohesive relationships and the defining of an innovators group at Hostos. This chapter also introduces the Innovations Web, a faculty and staff development framework created by Carlos Guevara for visualizing the culture change the team hoped to achieve. The Innovations Web is premised on the belief that all the EdTech initiatives and artifacts are interconnected nodes (or pillars), each with a role that can have a positive or negative impact on the overall strength of this connected web. The Innovations Web comprises six main nodes that play a more important role in the nurturing and strengthening of the other nodes in the Innovations Web: (a) Ideas Generator, (b) Support Structure, (c) Dissemination and Outreach, (d) Community Building, (e) Continuous Improvement, (f) Innovators Recognition.
Magnetic Hyperthermia in Y79 Retinoblastoma and ARPE-19 Retinal Epithelial Cells: Tumor Selective Apoptotic Activity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle.

Purpose To evaluate selective apoptosis of Y79 retinoblastoma versus ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells by using different doses of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (DCIONs) in a magnetic hyperthermia paradigm. Methods Y79 and ARPE-19 cells were exposed to different concentrations of DCIONs, namely, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/ml. After 2 hours of incubation, cells were exposed to a magnetic field with a frequency of 250 kHz and an amplitude of 4 kA/m for 30 minutes to raise the cellular temperature between 42 and 46°C. Y79 and ARPE-19 cells incubated with DCION without magnetic field exposure were used as controls. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed at 4, 24, and 72 hours after hyperthermia treatment. Results At 4 hours following magnetic hyperthermia, cell death for Y79 cells was 1%, 8%, 17%, and 17% for 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/ml of DCION, respectively. Cell death increased to 47%, 59%, 70%, and 75% at 24 hours and 16%, 45%, 50%, and 56% at 72 hours for 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/ml of DCIONs, respectively. Magnetic hyperthermia did not have any significant toxic effects on ARPE-19 cells at all DCION concentrations, and minimal baseline cytotoxicity of DCIONs on Y79 and ARPE-19 cells was observed without magnetic field activation. Gene expression profiling showed that genes involved in FAS and tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling pathways were activated in Y79 cells following hyperthermia. Caspase 3/7 activity in Y79 cells increased following treatment, consistent with the activation of caspase-mediated apoptosis and loss of cell viability by magnetic hyperthermia. Conclusion Magnetic hyperthermia using DCIONs selectively kills Y79 cells at 0.5 mg/ml or higher concentrations via the activation of apoptotic pathways. Translational relevance Magnetic hyperthermia using DCIONs might play a role in targeted management of retinoblastoma.
Evolution of Submillisecond Temporal Coding in Vertebrate Electrosensory and Auditory Systems

The ability to detect submillisecond differences in the arrival times of stimuli at different sensory receptors has evolved independently in multiple clades. Auditory and electrosensory systems across vertebrates provide well-studied examples of how specialized sensory pathways are able to achieve such extreme temporal sensitivity. These circuits share a remarkable number of similarities at the cellular and synaptic levels of organization despite serving different sensory modalities and despite arising from multiple independent evolutionary origins. This points to a degree of predictability in neural circuit evolution and to the power of natural selection in driving evolutionary change to neural circuits to solve a specific behavioral problem. However, these similar cellular and synaptic building blocks are used to construct different circuit solutions to this behavioral problem in different clades. These differences likely reflect some combination of chance, evolutionary history, and adaptation. Importantly, these differences also make it clear that discoveries in one organism cannot be extrapolated to other organisms, highlighting the importance of comparative approaches in addressing general problems in neuroscience.
Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the local economy: Evidence from the restaurant industry

In this paper, we study the effect of Airbnb on restaurant revenue in the state of Texas. Using a difference in difference strategy that exploits the geographical and temporal variation of Airbnb diffusion in Texas, we show that a 1% increase in Airbnb reviews in a zipcode is associated with a 0.011% increase in restaurant revenue in the same zipcode. Considering the median annual Airbnb growth in each zipcode, this result implies that Airbnb can explain about 12% of the median annual restaurant revenue growth. Moreover, we show that this increase in revenue is driven by an increase in restaurant demand that stems from additional tourism demand generated by Airbnb. Finally, we show that the positive effect of Airbnb is more pronounced for independent restaurants and in less commercial—and therefore with less economic activity—zipcodes. Overall, our results provide evidence that home-sharing platforms like Airbnb can increase economic activity for businesses and in neighborhoods that are more likely to need it the most.
Correction to: Modeling of uniaxial compression in a 3D periodic re-entrant lattice structure

In the original article, there is a typographical error in the in-line equation on page 1418 following Eq. (21). The sentence should read as follows.
Population Genomics Provides Key Insights into Admixture, Speciation, and Evolution of Closely Related Ducks of the Mallard Complex

The ability to identify population structure, estimate rates of hybridization, and genetic sources of gene flow is critical when attempting to conserve wild populations. Recently diverged species with few pre- or post-zygotic isolating mechanisms are prone to exchange genetic material during secondary contact events, potentially causing the breakup of important coadapted genes and resulting in maladapted populations. Such events are especially exacerbated when domestic versions come into contact with their wild congeners and exchange genetic variation that had been under artificial selection. Being able to genetically identify individuals to populations or species, and thus potential hybrids, is essential when attempting to assess impacts from hybridization. Until recently, molecular methods often resulted in insufficient marker coverage to confidently assign individuals to populations for organisms comprised of closely related taxa. Advances in partial genome sequencing methods (e.g., ddRAD-seq, sequence capture) and decreasing sequencing costs have made it possible to readily access thousands of genetic markers across hundreds of samples, providing a population genomics across the landscapes of wild systems. Here, I review what landscape-level sampling coupled with thousands of nuclear markers has uncovered for a group of recently radiated ducks of the Mallard Complex (genus Anas). Deploying the latest population genomics approaches, researchers have been able to reconstruct complex evolutionary histories, assign individuals to species with confidence, as well as identify genetic hybrids. These population genomics studies have produced findings that are in contrast to what was thought to be known for many of these species. Among results, studies consistently found that the problem of hybridization for many of these species was due to feral mallard populations. In fact, the result of these anthropogenic hybridization events is the formation of hybrid swarms on Hawaii, North America, Eurasia, and New Zealand. Wildlife biologists are now incorporating these population genomics-based results into their management planning, demonstrating the need and importance of population genomics in wildlife conservation.
Behavioral Dynamics of COVID-19: Estimating Under-Reporting, Multiple Waves, and Adherence Fatigue Across 92 Nations

Effective responses to the COVID-19 pandemic require integrating behavioral factors such as risk-driven contact reduction, improved treatment, and adherence fatigue with asymptomatic transmission, disease acuity, and hospital capacity. We build one such model and estimate it for all 92 nations with reliable testing data. Cumulative cases and deaths through 22 December 2020 are estimated to be 7.03 and 1.44 times official reports, yielding an infection fatality rate (IFR) of 0.51% which has been declining over time. Absent adherence fatigue cumulative cases would have been 47% lower. Scenarios through June 2021 show that modest improvement in responsiveness could reduce cases and deaths by about 14%, more than the impact of vaccinating half of the population by that date. Variations in responsiveness to risk explain two orders of magnitude difference in per-capita deaths despite reproduction numbers fluctuating ~ 1 across nations. A public online simulator facilitates scenario analysis over the coming months.
Evaluating and Differentiating a Polynomial Using a Pseudo-witness Set

Polynomials which arise via elimination can be difficult to compute explicitly. By using a pseudo-witness set, we develop an algorithm to explicitly compute the restriction of a polynomial to a given line. The resulting polynomial can then be used to evaluate the original polynomial and directional derivatives along the line at any point on the given line. Several examples are used to demonstrate this new algorithm including examples of computing the critical points of the discriminant locus for parameterized polynomial systems.
Teamwork for smoking cessation: which smoker was willing to engage their partner? Results from a cross-sectional study

Smokers are greatly influenced by those living with them, but strategies that increase partner support for smoking cessation are lacking. Using a cross-sectional study design, we explored factors associated with willingness to engage a partner in smoking cessation in smokers registered on a web-assisted tobacco intervention trial. Study participants (n = 983) were recruited between July 2018 and March 2019. About 28% of smokers were willing to engage their partner in cessation efforts. The odds of willingness to engage a partner were more than two-fold for smokers reporting presence of other smokers in the immediate family (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–3.15 for 1–3 smokers; aOR, 3.12; 95% CI 1.95–4.98 for ≥ 4 smokers) compared to those with no smokers in the immediate family. Women had lower odds of willingness to engage (aOR; 0.82; 95% CI 0.58–1.16) than men, but this was not statistically significant. Use of e-cigarettes and visitation to a smoking cessation website prior to the intervention were both positively associated with willingness to engage partners in cessation. Future research should assess whether interventions tailored to smokers willing to engage partners or spouses could increase effectiveness of partner support during cessation.
Atheists Giving Thanks to the Sun

I argue that it is rational and appropriate for atheists to give thanks to deep impersonal agents for the benefits they give to us. These agents include our evolving biosphere, the sun, and our finely-tuned universe. Atheists can give thanks to evolution by sacrificially burning works of art. They can give thanks to the sun by performing rituals in solar calendars (like stone circles). They can give thanks to our finely-tuned universe, and to existence itself, by doing science and philosophy. But these linguistic types of thanks-giving are forms of non-theistic contemplative prayer. Since these behaviors resemble ancient pagan behaviors, it is fair to call them pagan. Atheistic paganism may be part of an emerging ecosystem of naturalistic religions.
Migration, Gender, Staple Food Choices, and Food Supplementation

Ecology of Food and Nutrition (EFN) promotes scholarly discussion and engagement on the holistic and cross-cultural dimensions of the study of food and nutrition. Articles published in this journal...
Electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic (CH3NH3)BX3 (B = Sn, Pb; X = F, Cl, Br, I) perovskites: a first-principles investigation

Lead halide perovskites have generated considerable interest in solar cell, sensor, and electronics applications. While great focus has been placed on (CH3NH3)PbI3, an organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite, comparatively little work has been done to understand some of its existing crystal phases and analogous materials after substituting with Sn and/or other halogens in the framework. Here, first-principles density functional theory calculations are performed to comprehensively evaluate the electronic and optical properties of (CH3NH3)BX3 (B = Sn, Pb; X = F, Cl, Br, I) in a low-temperature orthorhombic phase. Bulk modulus, electronic structures, and several optical properties of these perovskite systems are further calculated. The obtained results are first confirmed by comparing with existing perovskite systems in literature. The shifting trends on those physical properties when extending to other barely studied systems of (CH3NH3)BX3 is further revealed. The band gap of these perovskites is found to decrease when varying halogen anion in “X” sites from F to I, and/or substituting Pb cations with Sn in “B” sites. Notably, the less toxic Sn-containing perovskites, (CH3NH3)SnI3 in particular, display higher absorption coefficients in the visible light range than their Pb-containing counterparts. An orthorhombic (CH3NH3)PbF3 is predicted to exist at low temperature, and adsorb strongly UV energy. Our systematical examination efforts on the two groups of perovskites provide valuable physical insights in these materials, and the accompanied new findings warrant further investigation on such subjects.