cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of analog flexible fuzzy control to coordinated control system to improve load response speed of generating unit to AGC

Coordinated control system is a strong coupling, multiple-input and multiple-output system. Load and the main steam pressure control are interdependence, mutual constraints; it is non-linear dynamic characteristics of unit; boiler side emerge large delay. Therefore it is very difficulty of obtaining a satisfactory control effect for conventional control strategy. In order to improve the coordination control system performance, the non-linear mathematical models of once-through boiler unit are given. Analysis of the conventional boiler feed-forward control system and based on the thought that dynamic energy and static energy separation, the boiler analog flexible fuzzy control feed-forward controller is structured and applied in coordination control system of generator unit. This paper cites the concept of analogy flexible fuzzy control and applies the concept to coordinate control system. Through system parameters are reasonably set, dynamic energy and static energy can maintain a balance. The application of analogy flexible fuzzy control can overcome the big lag and the big inertia of boiler. It can effectively improve rate of coordinate control system responding to AGC load instructions.
Geographical patterns of genetic structure in marine species with contrasting life histories

Aim Phylogeographical breaks may reflect historical or present-day impediments to gene flow, and the congruence of these breaks across multiple species lends insight into evolutionary history and connectivity among populations. In marine systems, examining the concordance of phylogeographical breaks is challenging due to the varied sampling scales in population genetics studies and the diverse life histories of marine organisms. A quantitative approach that considers the effects of sampling scale and species life history is needed. Location The south-east and south-west coasts of the United States. Methods We quantitatively analysed previously published datasets of marine fauna to look for concordance among phylogeographical breaks. We used a bootstrap approach to determine the regions where phylogeographical breaks are more common than expected by chance among species with planktonic dispersal as well as those with restricted dispersal. Results On the south-west coast, breaks were clustered near Point Conception among planktonic dispersers and near Los Angeles among restricted dispersers. On the south-east coast, breaks were most common near the southern tip of Florida for planktonic dispersers and near Cape Canaveral for restricted dispersers. Main conclusions Dispersal ability is an important determinant of phylogeographical patterns in marine species. Breaks among planktonic dispersers on both coasts are congruent with present-day flow-mediated barriers to dispersal, suggesting that phylogeographical structure in species with planktonic larvae may reflect contemporary oceanography, while breaks in restricted dispersers reflect historical processes. These results highlight the importance of explicitly considering sampling scale and life history when evaluating phylogeographical patterns.
Choosing Sides: The Creation of an Agricultural Policy Network in Congress, 1919–1932

In 1930, Congress passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, the last of the major tariff bills that redistributed millions of dollars from consumers to domestic manufacturers. The Smoot-Hawley bill, E. E. Schattschneider observed, arose not from a process that was open and attentive to all but from “a free private enterprise in pressure politics which administered itself”, a process accessible only to protected industrialists and their congressional and bureaucratic allies. The outlines of public policy, he concluded, mirrored the membership of this “private enterprise”: “The nature of public policy is the result of ‘effective demands’ upon the government”.
Intercomparison of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stand transpiration responses to environmental conditions from the Western Great Lakes Region of the United States

We investigated the assumption, necessary for comparison between bottom-up scaling of plot level fluxes to top-down scaling of regional models, that small plots of sap flux are representative of the transpiration component of regional land-surface atmosphere water vapor interactions. We conducted sap flux measurements in three stands dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) representing old-growth (Sylvania, SV), second-growth (Willow Creek, WC), and thinned second-growth stands (Hay Creek, HC). Using the sap fluxscaled estimates of transpiration we tested whether (1) differences in A. saccharum transpiration between the three stands could be explained by leaf area index and/or stand inventory measures, and (2) the Terrestrial Regional Ecosystem Exchange Simulator (TREES) model could capture differences in the response of transpiration to environmental variables. We found large differences between the three stands over two growing seasons in A.
VLBI observations of jets

VLBI images of compact radio sources show parsec-scale jets that extend continuously from the central radio core to the jets and extended emission found on arcsecond scales. Detailed imaging and monitoring show that these jets are curved and complex, and that superluminal motion is prominent in core-dominated objects.
Congenital generalized fibromatosis: A case limited to osseous lesions.

A rare case of congenital generalized fibromatosis, apparently limited to the skeleton. has been described. A presenting fracture through a distal femoral lesion healed rapidly and uneventfully in Bryant's traction. The subsequent course was that of complete regression of all lesions within six to nine months.
Evaluation of brain tissue responses because of the underwash overpressure of helmet and faceshield under blast loading.

Head protective tools such as helmets and faceshields can induce a localized high pressure region on the skull due to the underwash of the blast waves. Whether this underwash overpressure can affect the brain tissue response is still unknown. Accordingly, a computational approach was taken to confirm the incidence of underwash with regards to blast direction, as well as examine the influence of this effect on the mechanical responses of the brain. The variation of intracranial pressure (ICP) as one of the major injury predictors, as well as the maximum shear stress were mainly addressed in this study. Using a nonlinear finite element (FE) approach, generation and interaction of blast waves with the unprotected, helmeted, and fully-protected (helmet and faceshield protected) FE head models were modeled using a multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method and a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) coupling algorithm. The underwash incidence overpressure was found to greatly change with the blast direction. Moreover, while underwash induced ICP (U-ICP) didn't exceed the peak ICP of the unprotected head, it was comparable and even more than the peak ICP imposed on the protected heads by the primary shockwaves (Coup-ICP). It was concluded that while both helmet and faceshield protected the head against blast waves, the underwash overpressure affected the brain tissue response and altered the dynamic load experienced by the brain as it led to increased ICP levels at the countercoup site, imparted elevated skull flexure, and induced high negative pressure regions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Language: en
The Parabolic Anderson Model with Long Range Basic Hamiltonian and Weibull Type Random Potential

We study the quenched and annealed asymptotics for the solutions of the lattice parabolic Anderson problem in the situation in which the underlying random walk has long jumps and belongs to the domain of attraction of the stable process. This type of stochastic dynamics has appeared in recent work on the evolution of populations.
Kinetics of Methyl Methacrylate Polymerization Initiated by 4,4′-Azobis-(4-cynopentanoyl(p-dimethyl-amino) anilide) /Dibenzoyl Peroxide

The kinetics of Methyl Methacrylate(MMA) polymerization initiated by 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanopentanoyl(p-dimethylamino) anilide)(ACPDA) / dibenzoyl peroxide(BPO) redox system was studied in N,N-dimethyl formamide.The effects of concentrations of the monomer,ACPDA,BPO and the temperature on the polymerization rate were studied.The reaction order and the activation energy were determined.The results indicated that the polymerization rate increased with increasing the concentrations of monomer,ACPDA,BPO as well as the reaction temperature.The system possessed the characteristics of a redox initiation system.The equation of the polymerization rate is Rp = K[MMA]1.57[ACPDA]0.57[BPO]0.66 with an apparent activation energy of 38.06 kJ / mol for MMA Polymerization.
When Property is Something Else: Understanding Intellectual Property through the Lens of Regulatory Justice

While everyone agrees that the subject of intellectual property is copyrights, patents, trade marks and related legal concepts, such as trade secrets, there is increasing doubt that this subject can or should be described as property (Carrier, 2004; Lemley, 2005).Blackstone’s Commentaries discusses patents and copyright as a species of monopoly (1979b, pp. 407, 159). Contemporary economic theorists, uninfluenced by the legal theorist William Blackstone, analyse intellectual property as a species of the monopoly problem (Levine and Boldrin, 2002). Even the concession that intellectual property is a set of property rights does not resolve the issue, for the rights created by copyright, patents, trade marks and related concepts are decidedly different from the rights granted to land or other tangible assets (Heald, 2005). Even intangibility cannot serve as a marker for differentiation since what is labelled intellectual property is different from intangible assets such as securities and other financial instruments. Scholarly pages are expended debating what intellectual property is not. In this chapter, I explore what intellectual property is. My concern is less with the name, and even though the term ‘intellectual property’ is unfortunate, it is acceptable if properly understood for the concept being referenced.
Argentina: El protagonismo de los votantes y la alternancia electoral

En el marco de una caida de los precios de las materias primas, las elecciones de 2015 dieron paso a la alternancia gubernamental en Argentina. La llegada de un nuevo Presidente, que no es ni peronista ni radical, abre la posibilidad de un cambio en el sistema politico argentino. En este articulo repasamos las principales tendencias observadas en las elecciones de 2015, analizando datos a nivel nacional, provincial y municipal como asi tambien el contexto economico en el que se dieron los comicios y los desafios que genera para el proximo gobierno. Finalmente, nos enfocamos en la derrota del peronismo en la provincia de Buenos Aires tras veintiocho anos de gobierno hegemonico para ejemplificar el caracter estrategico de los votantes argentinos.
The effect of cancer awareness month campaigns on internet search volume and incidence of cancer diagnoses.

e17512 Background: Cancer awareness month campaigns are a health promotion tool used to increase public awareness about a specific cancer, its prevention, and treatment. Cancer awareness month campaigns could be most impactful in promoting awareness of cancers for which established screening guidelines exist. Currently, the United States Preventive Task Force endorses screening the general population for colon, cervical and breast cancers. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of campaigns by identifying internet search volume and monthly cancer diagnoses. Methods: GoogleTrends was utilized to identify the relative monthly volume of search terms from 2004 to 2009 as a proxy for public awareness. Search trends for“breast cancer”, “colon cancer”, and “cervical cancer” were analyzed and an average monthly search volume index (SVI) was determined. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) data was analyzed during the same time period. These data were compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient and ...
Quintilian and the Pedagogy of Controversia

Some time ago, I attended a conference on “Isocrates’ Rhetorical Education” occasioned by a fine book on the same topic.1 It was a stimulating event that served to reassert the significance of Isocrates’ political and social theory The conference also sought to explore Isocrates’ pedagogy and, in this effort, it was less successful That is, when the topic of pedagogy was raised at all, it was typically cast in the context of other, presumably larger issues, such as the relation of the paedeia to the Athenian polls. Indeed, the conference discussion always remained at a distance from what we might call the “practicalities of instruction.”
Improving Conservation for First-Order System Least-Squares Finite-Element Methods

The first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) finite element method for solving partial differential equations has many advantages, including the construction of symmetric positive definite algebraic linear systems that can be solved efficiently with multilevel iterative solvers. However, one drawback of the method is the potential lack of conservation of certain properties. One such property is conservation of mass. This paper describes a strategy for achieving mass conservation for a FOSLS system by changing the minimization process to that of a constrained minimization problem. If the space of corresponding Lagrange multipliers contains the piecewise constants, then local mass conservation is achieved similarly to the standard mixed finite-element method. To make the strategy more robust and not add too much computational overhead to solving the resulting saddle-point system, an overlapping Schwarz process is used.
Grundlagen der Persönlichkeitspsychologie

Dieses Kapitel gibt einen kompakten Uberblick uber essenzielle Grundlagen der Personlichkeitspsychologie. Dadurch konnen die spater dargestellten Ansatze besser verstanden, verglichen und bewertet werden. Folgende Inhalte werden behandelt:
Studies of lightning initiation

A long-standing question in lightning studies has concerned how lightning is initiated in thunderstorms, given the absence of physical conductors. Remote sensing observations of discharges are starting to provide the answer to this question, obtained in large part with radio frequency instruments and techniques. A recent important and unexpected step in this process has come from observations of the phenomenon called narrow bipolar events (NBEs) at NM Tech's mountain-top Langmuir Laboratory observatory in central New Mexico [1]. NBEs are fast, high current, short duration discharges that are the strongest natural sources of VHF radiation on earth [2]. They occur either in isolation from other discharges in a storm, or sometimes at the beginning of intracloud (IC) discharges [3, 4], but otherwise have eluded explanation for nearly four decades.
Small-Molecule Activators of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), RSVA314 and RSVA405, Inhibit Adipogenesis

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor and regulator of cellular energy metabolism potentially Implicated In a broad range of conditions, including obesity and Alzheimer’s disease. Its role in the control of key metabolic enzymes makes this kinase a central player in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Recently, by screening a library of synthetic small molecules selected for their structural similarity with the natural polyphenol resveratrol, we identified RSVA314 and RSVA405 as potent indirect activators of AMPK (half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 1 µmol/L in cell-based assays). Here we show that RSVA314 and RSVA405 can significantly activate AMPK and inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), one target of AMPK and a key regulator of fatty acid biogenesis, in nondifferentiated and proliferating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that RSVA314 and RSVA405 treatments inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by interfering with mitotic clonal expansion during preadipocyte proliferation (halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.5 µmol/L). RSVA314 and RSVA405 prevented the adipogenesis-dependent transcriptional changes of multiple gene products involved in the adipogenic process, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein 4 (aP2), RANTES or resistin. Furthermore, orally administered RSVA405 at 20 and 100 mg/kg/d significantly reduced the body weight gain of mice fed a high-fat diet. This work shows that the novel small-molecule activators of AMPK (RSVA314 and RSVA405) are potent inhibitors of adipogenesis and thus may have therapeutic potential against obesity.
Irradiation effect on the structure change for Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ perovskite ceramic

Abstract The incorporation of radioactive elements derived from fission products (FPs) into a stabilized crystalline structure is an active area of research in the nuclear fuel cycle. The compound Sr 2 Fe 1.5 Mo 0.5 O 6− δ (SFM) incorporates several FPs (Sr and Mo) into the crystalline network simultaneously while maintaining a stabilized perovskite structure. This polycrystalline SFM sample was irradiated with 200 keV He ions to a fluence of 5 × 10 16 ions cm −2 (corresponding to a peak dose at 1.2 dpa) at room temperature to study radiation damage effects. Irradiated SFM sample decomposed into a layered Sr 4 FeMoO 8− δ based phase and a Fe metallic phase, resulting in nano-crystalized grains with particle sizes around 7 nm. It was rationalized that He ion irradiation created a reduced atmosphere on the surface of SFM sample by preferentially sputtering oxygen atoms, consequently decomposing SFM and reducing Fe ions into metallic Fe phases. These results suggest that the stability of crystalline structures in reducing atmospheres may be an additional factor for consideration in the search for FP hosts in crystalline materials.
Wood biochar impacts soil phosphorus dynamics and microbial communities in organically-managed croplands

Abstract Biochar (a carbon-rich product from pyrolysis of organic materials) addition to agricultural soils has been proposed as a novel technology for enhancing soil C storage and fertility; however, few studies have evaluated the effects of biochar on nutrients from an integrated perspective. Previous studies have demonstrated that biochar has the potential to improve bioavailable phosphorus (P) of sandy soils in organic farming systems; yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the unique characteristics of wood biochar could induce changes in soil microbial communities, which would subsequently drive biotic controls on soil P availability through microbial solubilization and/or mineralization and that this would be reflected in microbial P gene expression. To test this hypothesis, we determined the abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities as related to microbial communities in sandy soils of organically-managed farmlands amended with locally produced wood biochar. A series of soil biochemical properties and genes encoding synthesis of phosphatase and those encoding the production of small molecular weight organic acids (involved in metal chelation and P solubilization) were directly quantified to help understand soil P mobilization following biochar addition. Three months after the application of wood biochar, the bioavailability of soil P was found to be elevated and a shift towards a bacterial dominated community was observed. Contrary to our hypothesis; however, the abundance of genes dictating soil phosphatase synthesis or organic acids production remained unaltered following biochar amendment. We suggest that the shift in P bioavailability could be controlled by abiotic mechanisms such as biochar-induced surface organic matter stabilization or adsorption/desorption of P associated with organo-mineral complexes. Although there was no specific molecular evidence of soil microorganism-mediated P mobilization, locally produced wood biochar had a positive effect on surface soil P bioavailability which could benefit agricultural soil health and ecosystem service delivery in organic farming systems.
Alpha-Fetoprotein Decrease from > 1,000 to < 500 ng/mL in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Leads to Improved Posttransplant Outcomes.

High alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 1,000 ng/mL is associated with poor outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A new national policy has been implemented for AFP > 1,000 ng/mL requiring a decrease to 1,000 ng/mL to different AFP thresholds before LT on survival and HCC recurrence after LT using the United Network for Organ Sharing database. We identified 407 patients who underwent transplant between January 2005 and September 2015 and who had AFP > 1,000 ng/mL at least once before LT. The last AFP measurement before LT was > 1,000 ng/mL in 72.0%, decreased from > 1,000 to 101-499 ng/mL in 9.6%, and decreased to ≤ 100 ng/mL in 14.3%. Local-regional therapy was not performed in 45.4% of patients with AFP > 1,000 ng/mL at LT versus 12.8% of those with AFP of 101-499 ng/mL and 10.3% of those with AFP ≤ 100 ng/mL at LT (P 1,000 ng/mL at LT was 48.8% versus 67.0% for those with a decrease in AFP to 101-499 ng/mL (P 1,000 ng/mL versus 13.3% for patients with AFP of 101-499 ng/mL and 7.2% for patients with AFP ≤ 100 ng/mL at LT (P 2-fold reduction in posttransplant mortality (P = 0.01) and a nearly 3-fold reduction in HCC recurrence (P = 0.02) compared with AFP > 1,000 ng/mL at LT. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated significantly improved post-LT outcomes when restricting LT to patients with a reduction in AFP from > 1,000 to < 500 ng/mL, validating the recently implemented national policy.
Selection of Single-Domain Antibodies towards Western Equine Encephalitis Virus

In this work, we describe the selection and characterization of single-domain antibodies (sdAb) towards the E2/E3E2 envelope protein of the Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV). Our purpose was to identify novel recognition elements which could be used for the detection, diagnosis, and perhaps treatment of western equine encephalitis (WEE). To achieve this goal, we prepared an immune phage display library derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a llama that had been immunized with an equine vaccine that includes killed WEEV (West Nile Innovator + VEWT). This library was panned against recombinant envelope (E2/E3E2) protein from WEEV, and seven representative sdAb from the five identified sequence families were characterized. The specificity, affinity, and melting point of each sdAb was determined, and their ability to detect the recombinant protein in a MagPlex sandwich immunoassay was confirmed. Thus, these new binders represent novel recognition elements for the E2/E3E2 proteins of WEEV that are available to the research community for further investigation into their applicability for use in the diagnosis or treatment of WEE.
Development and validation of an open source Monte Carlo dosimetry model for wide‐beam CT scanners using Fluka

Purpose Development and validation of an open source Fluka-based Monte Carlo source model for diagnostic patient dose calculations. Methods A framework to simulate a computed tomography (CT) scanner using Fluka Monte Carlo particle transport code was developed. The General Electric (GE) Revolution scanner with the large body filter and 120 kV tube potential was characterized using measurements. The model was validated on benchmark CT test problems and on dose measurements in computed tomography dose index (CTDI) and anthropomorphic phantoms. Axial and helical operation modes with provision for tube current modulation (TCM) were implemented. The particle simulations in Fluka were accelerated by executing them on a high-performance computing cluster. Results The simulation results agreed to better than an average of 4% of the reference simulation results from the AAPM Report 195 test scenarios, namely: better than 2% for both test problems in case 4 using the PMMA phantom, and better than 5% of the reference result for 14 of 17 organs in case 5, and within 10% for the three remaining organs. The Fluka simulation results agreed to better than 2% of the air kerma measured in-air at isocenter of the GE Revolution scanner. The simulated air kerma in the center of the CTDI phantom overestimated the measurement by 7.5% and a correction factor was introduced to account for this. The simulated mean absorbed doses for a chest scan of the pediatric anthropomorphic phantom was completed in ~9 min and agreed to within the 95% CI for bone, soft tissue, and lung measurements made using MOSFET detectors for fixed current axial and helical scans as well as helical scan with TCM. Conclusion A Fluka-based Monte Carlo simulation model of axial and helical acquisition techniques using a wide-beam collimation CT scanner demonstrated good agreement between measured and simulated results for both fixed current and TCM in complex and simple geometries. Code and dataset will be made available at https://github.com/chezhia/FLUKA_CT.
Kidney Injury in Murine Models of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

ABSTRACT Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) affects different organs, including the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Although kidneys are not among the organs commonly known to be the target of acute GVHD, kidney damage is frequently reported after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We have studied the effect of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on the kidneys in different murine models of GVHD. We found that glomerular damage in the kidneys is a common pathological finding in mice after BMT. The histopathological features of glomeruli damage included mesengiolysis, mesangial proliferation and edema, subendothelial and endothelial thickening, splitting of capillary walls in glomeruli, narrowing and collapsing of capillary lumens, fibrinoid necrosis of afferent arterioles, intimal hyperplasia, and microthrombi. These pathological features are similar to those detected in kidneys of patients with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after allo-HSCT. We previously showed that activation of the complement system plays a role in GVHD-induced tissue injury in mice. Here we report the presence of complement activation products in the kidney specimens of mice after BMT. We also report that complement deficiency reduced the extent and severity of post-BMT glomerular damage in mice. We conclude that BMT in mice is associated with glomerular injury and tubulointerstitial nephritis, and that kidney damage is at least partially mediated by activation of the complement system.
Blind exchange with mini-pinning technique for distal occlusion thrombectomy.

Introduction Technical improvements to enhance distal occlusion thrombectomy are desirable. We describe the blind catheter exchange technique and report the pinning technique with small devices (‘mini-pinning’) for distal occlusions. Methods A retrospective review of a prospective database from January 2015 to August 2018 was performed for cases of distal occlusion in which the ‘blind exchange/mini-pinning’ (BEMP) techniques were used. The technique involves the deployment of a 3 mm Trevo retriever followed by microcatheter removal and blind advancement of a 3MAX aspiration catheter over the bare retriever delivery wire (‘blind exchange’) until clot contact under aspiration. The retriever is subsequently partially recaptured in order to ‘cork’ the thrombus (‘mini-pinning’) and the system pulled as a unit. Patients with distal occlusions treated with BEMP and standard techniques (either 3 mm Trevo or 3MAX) were compared. Results Twenty-five vessels were treated in 22 patients. The majority of patients had isolated distal occlusions predominantly in the distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) segments, half of which involved the superior division. The comparison between BEMP (n=25 vessels) and standard techniques (n=144 vessels) revealed balanced groups. One of the highlighted differences was the more distal MCA occlusions among those who underwent BEMP (M3 occlusions 52% vs 22%; p=0.001). Otherwise, the vessel, segments, divisions and luminal diameter were comparable. There was a higher rate of first-pass modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b–3 (80% vs 56%; p=0.03) and a trend towards higher rates of first-pass full reperfusion (60% vs 40%; p=0.07) with BEMP compared with standard techniques. Final reperfusion and clinical outcomes were comparable. Conclusion BEMP appears to be a safe and effective technique for the treatment of distal occlusions. Additional studies are warranted.
Automated high-throughput tensile testing reveals stochastic process parameter sensitivity

Abstract The mechanical properties of additively manufactured metals tend to show high variability, due largely to the stochastic nature of defect formation during the printing process. This study seeks to understand how automated high throughput testing can be utilized to understand the variable nature of additively manufactured metals at different print conditions, and to allow for statistically meaningful analysis. This is demonstrated by analyzing how different processing parameters, including laser power, scan velocity, and scan pattern, influence the tensile behavior of additively manufactured stainless steel 316L utilizing a newly developed automated test methodology. Microstructural characterization through computed tomography and electron backscatter diffraction is used to understand some of the observed trends in mechanical behavior. Specifically, grain size and morphology are shown to depend on processing parameters and influence the observed mechanical behavior. In the current study, laser-powder bed fusion, also known as selective laser melting or direct metal laser sintering, is shown to produce 316L over a wide processing range without substantial detrimental effect on the tensile properties. Ultimate tensile strengths above 600 MPa, which are greater than that for typical wrought annealed 316L with similar grain sizes, and elongations to failure greater than 40% were observed. It is demonstrated that this process has little sensitivity to minor intentional or unintentional variations in laser velocity and power.
A Man of Ubuntu: A South African Colleague's Tribute to Stephen Ellmann

Professor Stephen Ellmann and I founded and co-hosted the South Africa Reading Group at New York Law School in 1994. Since then we have hosted hundreds of South African and international scholars, judges of the Constitutional Court and other courts in South Africa, practicing lawyers and civil society advocates. Steve passed away in March 2019. This essay is a reflection on his scholarly work on South Africa and his impact on those connected to the South Africa Reading Group and beyond.
Een bijzonder kwetsbare groep. Psychopathologie en sociaal functioneren van jonge vrouwen die geplaatst zijn geweest in een gesloten jeugdinstelling

In dit artikel beschrijven wij vervolgonderzoek onder 184 meisjes die ooit geplaatst waren in gesloten jeugdinstellingen. Zij werden 4,5 jaar na plaatsing opnieuw onderzocht. Resultaten laten complexe problematiek zien op jongvolwassen leeftijd. Gezien de ernst hiervan en het risico op overdracht van gedragsproblemen op de volgende generatie, bevelen wij intensieve en langdurige ondersteuning na opname aan.
The inhibition of KDM2B promotes the differentiation of basal-like breast cancer cells via the posttranslational destabilization of SLUG.

KDM2B is a JmjC domain H3K36me2/H3K36me1 demethylase, which immortalizes cells in culture and contributes to the biology of both embryonic and adult stem and progenitor cells. It also functions as an oncogene that contributes to the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells by regulating polycomb complexes. Here we show that the silencing of KDM2B results in the downregulation of SNAI2 (SLUG), SNAI1 (SNAIL) and SOX9, which also contribute to the biology of mammary stem and progenitor cells. The downregulation of these molecules is posttranscriptional and in the case of the SNAI2-encoded SLUG, it is due to calpain-dependent proteolytic degradation. Mechanistically, the latter depends on the activation of calpastatin-sensitive classical calpain(s) and on the phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of GSK3 via paracrine mechanisms. GSK3 inhibition sensitizes its target SLUG to classical calpains, which are activated by Ca2+ influx and calpastatin downregulation. The degradation of SLUG, induced by the KDM2B knockdown, promotes the differentiation of breast cancer stem cells in culture and reveals an unexpected mechanism of stem cell regulation by a histone demethylase.
Flipping for Diverse Learners

The most important tenet of special education is the idea that all instruction is based on the individual needs of the learner. In the classroom, educators are tasked with practicing pedagogy that will provide additional supports and services to those students whose disability interferes with their academic, emotional, and social progress, as well as to those students whose needs cannot be met in the general education classroom.
Characterization of Waveguide-Dopant Misalignment with Optical Measurements of Racetrack Microresonators

A novel technique for determining the amount of misalignment in a Cartesian direction between an ion-implanted dopant mask layer and a waveguide is demonstrated using racetrack microring resonators fabricated at a silicon photonics foundry.
Enforcing Location-based Access Policies Using the Existing IEEE 802.11 Infrastructure

Today we are witnessing a vast increase in the usage of mobile devices. With mobile devices, users can get access to different resources while on the move. Such accesses are managed by access policies that are implemented mainly based on the user role or other user’s attributes. However, with the increase in users' mobility, we believe that the user’s location needs to be furtherly utilized in the context of access policies. This is known as location-based access policies. On the other hand, Mobile devices can sense several types of signals over the air using different radio frequency technologies and can measure the received signal strength from these entities. We believe that these signals can be employed to enforce location-based access policy, particularly because they provide an indication of the location of a user's device. Thus, surrounding signals can be used in the verification of users' locations. In this research, we propose a scheme that implements Location-based access policies utilizing the current IEEE 802.11 infrastructure resulting in a secure and convenient location-based access policy enforcement. The proposed mechanism tries to exploit the current IEEE 802.11 infrastructure, making it directly applicable to a current ubiquitous system infrastructure.
Resectability, Recurrence, and Risk Stratification of Giant Solitary Fibrous Tumors in the Thoracic Cavity.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors most commonly arising from the pleura in the thoracic cavity. The impact of tumor size on risk of recurrence in thoracic SFTs is not well understood. A single institution review was performed on all resected thoracic SFTs (1992–2019) with giant SFT defined as ≥ 15 cm. Clinical information, pathologic characteristics, and long-term survival data were collected, and predictors of recurrence and survival were evaluated with regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis. There were 38 thoracic SFTs resected from patients, with the majority of tumors (n = 23, 60.5%) originating from visceral pleura. There were nine (23.7%) giant SFTs with a mean size 20.4 cm (range 17–30 cm). Mean follow-up time was 81.0 months (range 1–261 months), during which 4 of 38 (10.5%) patients experienced a recurrence within the thorax (range 51–178 months). The presence of tumor necrosis (p = 0.021) and ≥ 4 mitoses per high-powered field (p = 0.010) were associated with SFT recurrence on univariate regression. Overall 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year survival was 78.2%, 72.6%, and 42.4%, respectively, and SFT-related mortality occurred in three patients at 83, 180, and 208 months postoperatively. There were no recurrences or SFT-related mortality among patients with giant SFT. This study represents one of the largest contemporary single institution reviews of long-term outcomes of giant thoracic SFT. Our data suggest that size is not a risk factor for recurrence in thoracic SFTs and long-term survival is excellent for giant SFTs.
Lethal means counseling for suicide prevention: Views of emergency department clinicians.

Abstract Objective Lethal means safety – counseling and guidance about reducing access to home firearms and medications – is recommended for emergency department patients at risk of suicide. Decision aids are tools that can facilitate potentially difficult decisions by incorporating personal preferences and values. The present study evaluates clinician perceptions about the implementation and utility of “Lock to Live,” a lethal means safety decision aid. Method One-on-one qualitative interviews were conducted with clinicians (n = 15) at three large emergency departments. Interviewees were asked to evaluate the “Lock to Live” decision tool and its potential implementation and utilization in the emergency department. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were coded via thematic analysis; two coders developed a shared codebook iteratively with high interrater reliability. Results Perspectives on the tool fell into three domains: (1) patients (use with patients and families), (2) clinicians, and (3) emergency department system. Interviewees noted that the tool had numerous potential benefits but that its uptake and effectiveness would depend on clinicians' perceptions on its utility, time constraints, and integration into workflow. Addressable concerns related to relationship to other resources, fit within emergency department workflow, and clarification about which emergency department clinician types should use the tool. Conclusions “Lock to Live” represents a promising new tool for use in suicide prevention as an aid to lethal means counseling. This qualitative study provides insights into the importance of considering the clinical environment when designing and implementing interventions.
Multifaceted Offenders and Minimization of Victims: U.S. National News Media Coverage of Offenders and Victims in Coverage of Filicide

There has been more discussion by and from the media in recent years over the issue of domestic violence, this has largely overlooked instances of fatal family violence. This project examines 340 cases of parents or stepparents who killed their children between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013 and reported in the U.S. national news media. A content analysis of the news coverage identified themes of positive, negative, and sympathetic portrayals of offenders and victims as well as the minimization of victims. News coverage of offenders depicted them as multifaceted persons with details that could humanize or other offenders while victims were minimized with more focus on the harm done to them than the lives they led. As the focus on offenders occurred in conjunction with the minimization of victims, it is concluded that news media coverage is offender-centric and such media coverage needs to be more balanced in portrayals of victims and offenders to better address and respond to the issue of fatal family violence.
Analyzing spatial variability of drivers of coastal wetland loss in the northern Gulf of Mexico using Bayesian multi-level models

A modeling framework that can quantify the impact of multiple potential drivers on coastal wetland loss while estimating its uncertainties is needed to better conserve and restore these valuable ec...
Biliaryα 1 glycoprotein concentrations in gallstone-free controls and in patients with multiple or solitary cholesterol gallstonesglycoprotein concentrations in gallstone-free controls and in patients with multiple or solitary cholesterol gallstones

We recently identified a promoting glycoprotein in the concanavalin A-bound fraction of gallbladder bile as a biliary form ofα1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). The concentration of biliary AAG appears to exert an important promoting effect on the speed of cholesterol nucleation in many patients with cholesterol gallstone disease. In the current study, we provide information about the biliary concentration of AAG as well as the amount and comparative potency of its subfractions in patients with and without cholesterol gallstone disease. The amount of total biliary AAG and the amounts of its different isoforms separated by concanavalin A affinity chromatography were measured by ELISA. Estimates of absolute concentrations of AAG for each sample were normalized to the sample total protein content to give relative AAG values. The promoting activity (potency) of immunopurified biliary AAG from gallstone patients and gallstone-free controls on cholesterol crystallization was compared by a crystal growth assay. The mean absolute concentration of AAG in gallstone-free controls was not significantly different from multiple stone patients. The relative concentration of AAG (micrograms per milligram total protein) was significantly increased in patients with multiple stones when compared to controls (P<0.05), and both the absolute and relative concentrations of AAG (micrograms per milligram bile), were three- and to five fold higher in a number of these patients. The functional activity and distribution of AAG in different subfractions was similar in gallstone patients and gallstone-free controls. The relative concentration of biliary AAG is significantly greater in cholesterol gallstone patients with multiple stones than in gallstone-free controls. These observations suggest that raised levels of AAG may be of pathogenetic importance in a subgroup of patients with multiple gallstones.
Summer Research Institute

We currently need to train a sizeable group of researchers and academicians in geriatric psychiatry in order to prepare for the upcoming increase in the number of elderly mentally ill persons. The Summer Research Institute (SRI) is an annual week-long research training program followed by ongoing mentorship for about 25 selected fellows and junior faculty. Sessions cover topics such as scientific integrity, recruitment of subjects, grant mechanisms, and balancing life and work. About 90% of the 123 attendees have presented and written publishable papers within a year of attendance, and over 50% have received grant funding within 18 months of the SRI. The 3-year cumulative proportion remaining in full-time academics is 78%. The SRI offers a model for training junior investigators in a manner that is useful both to them and to the field as a whole.
Is communication really the point? Some thoughts on interventions and membership.

This paper presents a brief account of communication interventions and describes recent developments in the field resulting in shifts in intervention focus, perspectives, and strategies. In examining communication interventions as one example of professional efforts to ameliorate the effects of disability, the author concluded that the real point of such efforts is not so much improved communication as membership in society. The concept of membership was explored, including the ways in which individuals construct stories that make the communication acts of individuals with severe disabilities commonplace and socially valuable. Efforts to foster communication ( e.g., change behavior, adjust movement) should shift to ensuring that membership in society is achieved.
Electron configuration in alloys and passivity

Passivity in the transition metal alloys occurs at specific critical compositions which appear to be related to d-electron vacancies in the component metals and their tendency to fill with electrons. The d vacancies, measured in part by the magnetic saturation moment, favor formation of strongly chemisorbed surface films, e. g. oxygen, which confer increased resistance to corrosion or passivity by satisfying metal surface affinities. A metal that is characteristically passive, e. g. Cr, in general forms a stronger metaladsorbed oxygen bond, as measured by free energy of adsorption, than a metal characteristically less passive, e. g. Fe. Vacancies in the d band of a strongly passive metal, called the acceptor, tend to fill with electrons either from alloyed atoms that form weaker d-electron bonds (the donor) or from adsorbed or interstitial hydrogen. Alloys resemble passive and chemical-resistant properties of the acceptor component so long as the d band of the acceptor is unfilled, but shift to properties more like the donor when the d band is filled. The d band is just full at the critical composition. Critical compositions are calculated for Ni-Cu, Cr-Fe, Ni-Fe, Co-Fe, Mo-Ni and Cr-Ni alloys which agree reasonably well with observation. The effect of environment is to shift the critical composition to higher percentages of acceptor metal if electrons are donated, for example by adsorbed or interstitial hydrogen. The value is shifted in the opposite direction if the adsorbate is strongly electron absorbing (oxidizing). Accordingly, the critical composition for Cr-Fe alloys lies at 15% Cr or higher in presence of interstitial or adsorbed hydrogen, at 12% Cr in aerated aqueous media near pH 7, and at 4 to 6% Cr in HNO3 depending on the acid concentration. This shift is accounted for by donation to the d band of 0.15 electron per metal atom by H, and by increased transfer of 0.4 to 0.6 electron to adsorbed HNO3 respectively. Chloride ions destroy passivity by competing with dissolved oxygen or other passivators for adsorption sites on the metal surface. Once adsorbed, chlorides appear to increase the exchange current for many metal-metal ion equilibria, and thereby decrease anodic overvoltage for dissolution of the metal. Criticism of the theory by Heumann is discussed.
Differences between slow and fast muscle myosin. Adenosine triphosphatase activity and release of associated proteins by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate.

The differences between slow and fast muscle myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity of the cat are described with reference to relative specific activities, p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate activation, and alkaline and acid stability. The treatment of fast muscle myosin with 8 moles of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate per 105 g of myosin results in the release of two electrophoretically distinct proteins and loss of myosin ATPase activity. There appears to be an inverse relationship between the degree of ATPase activity lost and the amount of closely associated proteins released from fast muscle myosin. Similar treatment of slow muscle myosin releases no proteins and causes no loss of ATPase activity.
Factors affecting the performance of conventional seepage meters

[1] The simplicity of a pan-and-bag seepage meter makes it an attractive tool for a variety of hydrologic investigations, but the performance of this device is far from simple. Laboratory experiments show that the hydraulic head required to fill collection bags can range from 0.5 mm to several millimeters at flow rates typical of seepage meters, and this additional head will divert water away from the pan. A theoretical analysis gives a semianalytical expression for the flux captured by a seepage meter using a collection bag. The analysis shows that bag conductance, radius of the pan, and hydraulic conductivity of the stream bed can be combined to give a dimensionless term that characterizes seepage meter performance. Field experiments in a sandy streambed show that conventional seepage meters can resolve spatial differences in ground water flux but only when using a highly conductive collection system that is isolated from the current.