cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Psychological Scaling Techniques to Assess Clinical Expertise in Anesthesiology

This study used Pathfinder, a psychological scaling technique, to assess underlying cognitive structure associated with mastery of relevant knowledge necessary for anesthesiology decision-making. Our study revealed this approach to be a valid method to assess the tacit knowledge that underlies clinical expertise. A set of concepts associated with a decision-to-extubate scenario was derived from expert interviews. Participants included nine attending anesthesiologists, seven first-year anesthesiology residents, and eight second-year anesthesiology residents. Pathfinder was applied to participants' pairwise relatedness judgments of the clinical concepts in the context of the scenario. Experts' data were aggregated to form an expert referent structure. Student anesthesiologists were assessed based on comparison of their structures to this referent. These comparisons yielded a knowledge score that was highly correlated with residents' exam grades. This finding supports our position that Pathfinder is a valid ...
Simplification of in vitro culture techniques for freshwater mussels

Populations of freshwater mussels have been declining for several decades due to habitat destruction, pollution and sedimentation. Efforts to propagate rare and endangered species in the laboratory have been hampered by their need for fish as hosts during a brief parasitic phase in early development and more recently, by cumbersome alternative methods. The methods developed here are simple and use common tissue culture products that standardize the procedures allowing production of large numbers of juvenile mussels for replenishment of wild mussel populations or for use in toxicity testing protocols. Anodonta imbecilis, Lampsilis teres and Villosa lienosa have been successfully propagated using these methods.
How will orographic precipitation respond to surface warming? An idealized thermodynamic perspective

Future changes in orographic precipitation will have important consequences for societies and ecosystems near mountain ranges. Here we use a simple numerical model to evaluate the response of orographic precipitation to surface warming under idealized conditions representative of the strongest orographic storms. We find an upward shift in the pattern of condensation with warming, caused by larger fractional changes in condensation at low temperature and amplified warming aloft. As a result, the distribution of precipitation shifts downwind, causing larger fractional changes in precipitation on the lee slope than on the windward slope. Total precipitation is found to increase by a smaller fraction than near-surface water vapor, in contrast to expected changes in other types of extreme precipitation. Factors limiting the increase in orographic precipitation include the pattern of windward ascent, leeside evaporation, and thermodynamic constraints on the change in condensation with temperature.
The relationship between international diversification and firm performance: Why it remains a puzzle

Despite a wealth of empirical research, whether and how international diversification impacts firm performance remains one of the major unresolved research questions in the fields of strategy and international business. We propose that the lack of consensus about the nature of the international diversification–firm performance relationship results from a failure to fully grasp this complex phenomenon. Using data on trade flows of U.S. companies and their foreign subsidiaries, we provide a more focused and comprehensive perspective on the activities that define the geographic scope of U.S. companies that we hope will motivate a conceptualization of international diversification that encompasses the full range of activities that determine the geographic scope of a firm.
Case Studies on Modeling Manufacturing Processes Using Artificial Neural Networks

The modeling capability of an artificial neural network is studied through three different manufacturing processes. The first case study is a linear separable pattern classification problem in manufacturing process diagnosis. The performance between the neural network and the probability voting classifier is compared. The second case study uses a design of experiment to study an SMC compression molding process. Modeling and predicting performances between a regression model and a neural network model are compared in linear as well as nonlinear cases. The third case study investigates correlation models between the operating conditions and product quality defects of an automotive painting process. Results from a neural network model are compared with those of a probability voting classifier. An ad hoc modificalion named focused learning paradigm in the back-propagation algorithm is also introduced to speed up network learning.
Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering And Other Objective Measures Of Cataractous Change In Vivo

Quasielastic light scattering technology provides a means of obtaining a linear measure of the total light scattered by the lens or cornea. This technology has been applied to a population of normal volunteers and a group of patients with different types of cataracts. The replicate errors have been measured for 5 and 50 microsecond sample times in both the cortex and the nucleus of the human crystalline lens in vivo, and they vary from 10-13%. The regional error associated with a change in the location of the pickup, a variation over an area of 225 square microns, is 18-20%. The change from a clear to a cataractous cortex is associated with wide fluctuations in total light scattered; in our population, the mean decreased slightly. In the nucleus, the total light scattered by opaque nuclei was 400% greater than that scattered from non-cataractous, age-matched control nuclei. It appears as if the signal-to-noise ratio for this instrument applied to humans is likely to be 10-20/1. This should enable one to detect small changes in the light scattering properties of the lens in vivo and should make clinical trials of anticataract drugs tolerably short in duration and affordable. Other film-based technologies for in vivo objective measurement of cataractous change along with their strengths and weaknesses are also discussed. Specifically the Topcon SL-45, the Topcon SL-5D/6E, the Neitz CTR and the Zeiss-Kawara cameras are discussed.
Planar cell polarity signaling in vertebrates

Planar cell polarity (PCP) refers to the polarization of a field of cells within the plane of a cell sheet. This form of polarization is required for diverse cellular processes in vertebrates, including convergent extension (CE), the establishment of PCP in epithelial tissues and ciliogenesis. Perhaps the most distinct example of vertebrate PCP is the uniform orientation of stereociliary bundles at the apices of sensory hair cells in the mammalian auditory sensory organ. The establishment of PCP in the mammalian cochlea occurs concurrently with CE in this ciliated epithelium, therefore linking three cellular processes regulated by the vertebrate PCP pathway in the same tissue and emerging as a model system for dissecting PCP signaling. This review summarizes the morphogenesis of this model system to assist the interpretation of the emerging data and proposes molecular mechanisms underlying PCP signaling in vertebrates.
Transonic flow of dense gases around an airfoil with a parabolic nose

Transonic potential flow of dense gases of retrograde type around the leading edge of a thin airfoil with a parabolic nose is studied. The analysis follows the approach of Rusak (1993) for a perfect gas. Asymptotic expansions of the velocity potential function are constructed in terms of the airfoil thickness ratio in an outer region around the airfoil and in an inner region near the nose. The outer expansion consists of the transonic small-disturbance theory for dense gases, where a leading-edge singularity appears. Analytical expressions are given for this singularity by constructing similarity solutions of the governing nonlinear equation. The inner expansion accounts for the flow around the nose, where a stagnation point exists. A boundary value problem is formulated in the inner region for the solution of an oncoming uniform sonic flow with zero values of the fundamental derivative of gasdynamics (Γ=0) and the second nonlinearity parameter (Λ=0) around a parabola at zero angle of attack. The numerical solution of the inner problem results in a symmetric flow around the nose. The outer and inner expansions are matched asymptotically resulting in a uniformly valid solution on the entire airfoil surface. In the leading terms, the flow around the nose is symmetric and the stagnation point is located at the leading edge for every transonic Mach number, and small values of Γ and Λ of the oncoming flow and any shape and small angle of attack of the airfoil. Furthermore, analysis of the inner region in the immediate neighbourhood of the stagnation point reveals that the flow is purely subsonic, approaching critical conditions in the limit of large (scaled) distances, which excludes the formation of shock discontinuities in the nose region.
Future of healthcare reform in the USA: lessons from abroad.

Healthcare reform in any nation is an evolving process. Brought about by demographic, technological, social, cultural, economic and political factors, all healthcare systems are continually confronting issues related to cost, access and quality. This paper examines other countries’ approaches to healthcare in the ongoing efforts at healthcare reform in the USA. While recognizing the uniqueness of the healthcare system in each nation, it appears there are valuable lessons from other nations to be considered by policy makers in the USA as healthcare reform continues to evolve. This paper synthesizes several lessons for the USA that may be applicable by looking beyond its borders. In so doing, it reveals differences that may be insightful in considering future healthcare paradigms influencing healthcare reform efforts in the USA.
Transaction Isolation and Lazy Commit

In order to guarantee durability of transactions (D in the ACID properties) database systems issue a synchronous log write on transaction commit. However, in many scenarios such as queue processing and personal information management systems, durability on commit is not required as the transactions rolled back due to a crash can be reprocessed using the application state. Avoiding such synchronous I/O improves system throughput and response time. Also, when the database is running on a mobile device or a laptop, reduced I/O consumes less power and increases battery life - a significant consideration for mobile users. Transactions that do not require durability can be "lazily committed", i.e. the log is not written synchronously upon commit. If another transaction reads such lazily committed data and performs an independently committed external action based on it, then an inconsistency may result if the effects of the lazily committed transaction are lost in a crash. We present a solution that provides the efficiency of lazily committed transactions and the flexibility for other transactions to read only durably committed data. We demonstrate that even in the presence of a large number of readers requesting durably committed data our approach reduces I/Os significantly.
Bioengineering in Development of the Hybrid Artificial Pancreas

The hybrid artificial pancreas for treatment of diabetes consists of insulin-secreting pancreatic tissue which is surrounded by a membrane that protects the tissue from rejection by the immune system following implantation. In this paper, we review the alternative therapeutic approaches for diabetes under study and then discuss the technical requirements that must be met by a hybrid device useful to humans. Previous work on intravascular and extravascular immunoisolation devices is reviewed from the standpoint of these requirements, and three critical unresolved issues are discussed: biocompatibility, oxygen supply limitations, and prevention of immune rejection.
The Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus K12 Transcript from a Primary Effusion Lymphoma Contains Complex Repeat Elements, Is Spliced, and Initiates from a Novel Promoter

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latently infects KS tumors, primary effusion lymphomas (PELs), and PEL cell lines. K12 (T0.7) is the most abundant transcript expressed in latent KSHV infection. We characterize here the K12 transcript from a PEL tumor prior to passage in cell culture. The PEL tumor KSHV K12 transcript contained additional complex nucleotide repeat elements compared to the previously described K12 message of the BCBL-1 PEL cell line. The PEL tumor lacked kaposin B, the predominant BCBL-1 K12 protein product, but encoded kaposins A and C. The K12 transcript was spliced and the splicing event occurred in all KSHV isolates tested. The 5′ end of the K12 transcript was mapped by 5′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) and S1 nuclease protection assays and was at the site of an active promoter. This work demonstrates that the K12 transcript contains variable, complex repeat elements, is spliced and is expressed from a novel KSHV promoter.
Water-soluble polymers from acid-functionalized norbornenes

Unprotected exo,exo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and exo,exo-7-oxa- 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid were polymerized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. This reaction yielded polymers with molecular weights (Mn from GPC) ranging from 31 to 242 kg/mol and polydispersity indices between 1.05 and 1.12, using Grubbs' third generation catalyst. The water solubility as a function of pH value of the polymers was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS and acid-base titration revealed that the oxanorbornene polymer was water soluble over a wider pH range than its norbornene analog. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1266-1273, 2009
Second Language Processing of Filler‐Gap Dependencies by Late Learners

Recent evidence suggests that late learners of second and foreign languages (L2), those who begin learning after puberty, differ as to how they comprehend complex sentences in real time compared to native speakers and early L2 learners. One area in which these differences occur is in the processing of non-local dependencies where constituents are not canonically ordered, such as in sentences containing wh-dependencies: The teacher saw which girl the boy pushed ___ yesterday. This paper presents a brief overview of current research investigating this issue. To this end, differences and similarities between how L1 and L2 speakers use lexical and syntactic information to resolve these types of dependencies are discussed. In addition, a current model of L2 sentence processing is discussed with suggestions for future research.
Interaction Networks of Proteins

Proteins are often the ultimate expression of information encoded in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Proteins interact with other proteins, nucleic acids, and a variety of small molecules to affect cellular function. Such interactions assume the form of a vast network, portions of which are activated in a spatial and temporal manner. Understanding the makeup, properties and behaviour of this network promises to reveal many important details of the biology of organisms, ultimately helping better our knowledge of molecular and biochemical events that take place at the cellular level. Keywords: protein-protein interactions; functional interactions; protein interaction networks; protein-DNA regulation networks; transcriptional regulatory networks; COGRIM
Research Note: Developing a Computer-Based TTCT: Promises and Problems.

The purposes of the present study were to examine the equivalence of paper-pencil and computer-based versions of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), Figural Forms A and B, and to investigate the patterns of responses involved in the computer-based TTCT. The participants were 34 fifth- and sixth-grade students currently enrolled in two public schools in southern Texas. The computer-based TTCT was developed to present all the features of the paper-pencil TTCT with the additional benefits offered by computer-based testing. Means, variances, test-retest reliability, and attitudinal differences were analyzed to investigate equivalence between the paper-pencil and computer-based TTCT. Response patterns involved in the figural tasks were explored based on data collected from the computer-based test (e.g., latency, tool using patterns, correction activities). The findings of the study indicated that the results obtained from the computer-based TTCT were not equivalent with the paper-pencil version. However, additional information regarding response patterns obtained from the computer-based TTCT showed clear indication of different response tendencies among different groups of students and between the two alternate test forms (A and B).
European integration and the end of the cold war

(1990). European integration and the end of the cold war. Diplomacy & Statecraft: Vol. 1, The End of the Cold War, pp. 147-163.
Dust Formation in Milky Way-like Galaxies

We introduce a dust model for cosmological simulations implemented in the moving-mesh code AREPO and present a suite of cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations to study dust formation within galactic haloes. Our model accounts for the stellar production of dust, accretion of gas-phase metals on to existing grains, destruction of dust through local supernova activity, and dust driven by winds from star-forming regions. We find that accurate stellar and active galactic nuclei feedback is needed to reproduce the observed dust–metallicity relation and that dust growth largely dominates dust destruction. Our simulations predict a dust content of the interstellar medium which is consistent with observed scaling relations at z = 0, including scalings between dust-to-gas ratio and metallicity, dust mass and gas mass, dust-to-gas ratio and stellar mass, and dust-to-stellar mass ratio and gas fraction. We find that roughly two-thirds of dust at z = 0 originated from Type II supernovae, with the contribution from asymptotic giant branch stars below 20 per cent for z ≳ 5. While our suite of Milky Way-sized galaxies forms dust in good agreement with a number of key observables, it predicts a high dust-to-metal ratio in the circumgalactic medium, which motivates a more realistic treatment of thermal sputtering of grains and dust cooling channels.
Conceptualizing Sports Medicine as Occupational Health Care: Illustrations from Professional Rodeo and Wrestling

The purpose of this article is to propose a sociological model of sports medicine that conceptualizes it as occupational health care. All occupational health care systems can be summarized according to three types: elite, managed, and primitive. These types reflect the quality of health care provided, the social class membership of workers, and workers’ value to employers. The author presents ethnographic data to illustrate the social dynamics of primitive occupational health care delivered to rodeo cowboys and local professional wrestlers. This care is primitive because these athletes have relatively low economic value as workers, and the rugged individualism of their sports’ subcultures supports a system of health care that is inexpensive, nonmedical in its philosophy, personalistic in the structure of its practitioner-patient relationship, and incidental in its delivery.
mRNA expression in mouse hypothalamus and basal forebrain during influenza infection: a novel model for sleep regulation.

After influenza infection, C57BL/6J mice develop increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) during the dark phase of the day-night cycle, whereas BALB/cByJ mice develop decreased SWS during the light phase. A...
IME4, a gene that mediates MAT and nutritional control of meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sporulation occurs in response to nutritional and genetic signals. The process is initiated when nutrient availability limits mitotic growth, but only in MATa/MAT alpha diploid cells. Under these conditions, the cells express an activator of meiosis (IME1), which is required for the expression of early sporulation-specific genes. We describe a new gene, IME4, whose activity is essential for IME1 transcript accumulation and sporulation. The IME4 transcript was induced in starved MATa/MAT alpha diploids but not in other cell types. In addition, excess IME4 promoted sporulation in mat-insufficient cells. Thus, IME4 appears to activate IME1 in response to cell type and nutritional signals. We have also explored the interactions between IME4 and two genes that are known to regulate IME1 expression. Normally, cells that lack complete MAT information cannot sporulate; when such strains lack RME1 activity or contain the semidominant RES1-1 mutation, however, they can express IME1 and sporulate to low levels. Our results show that mat-insufficient strains containing rme1::LEU2 or RES1-1 bypass mutations still retain MAT control of IME4 expression. Even though IME4 levels remained low, the rme1::LEU2 and RES1-1 mutations allowed IME1 accumulation, implying that these mutations do not require IME4 to exert their effects. In accord with this interpretation, the RES1-1 mutation allowed IME1 accumulation in MATa/MAT alpha strains that contain ime4::LEU2 alleles. These strains still sporulated poorly, suggesting that IME4 plays a role in sporulation in addition to promoting IME1 transcript accumulation. IME4 is located between ADE5 and LYS5 on chromosome VII.
Using Participatory Research to Plan Evaluation in Violence Prevention

This article discusses issues related to planning evaluations of community-based prevention programs through a case study of a youth firearm violence prevention program. Using participatory research methods, the assessment process yielded information for planning intervention strategies and enabled evaluation planning to occur simultaneously. Analysis of the planning process shows how needs assessment can be used to structure community input into the evaluation and the role evaluation planning can play in program planning.
Ricardo's international trade theory: beyond the comparative cost example

that the labour embodied in the export goods given in exchange for one unit of the imported good is less than the labour which the country would have to utilise if it itself were to produce one unit of the imported good. There is no question that this 'Ricardian' model, based on the example of England and Portugal trading cloth for wine in chapter 7 of Ricardo's Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1951A), is an excellent pedagogical device to illustrate the role of compara tive advantage in determining a country's trade pattern and the resulting gains from trade. Ricardo showed that trade enhances a country's welfare even though it may be more efficient than its trading partner in producing each of its commodities, as long as its relative productivity advantage differs between them. The principle of comparative advantage
Primary structure of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.

Abstract The reaction center is a pigment-protein complex that mediates the initial photochemical steps of photosynthesis. The amino-terminal sequences of the L, M, and H subunits and the nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of the L and M structural genes from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have previously been determined. We report here the sequence of the H subunit, completing the primary structure determination of the reaction center from R. sphaeroides. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the H subunit was determined by the dideoxy method after subcloning fragments into single-stranded M13 phage vectors. This information was used to derive the amino acid sequence of the corresponding polypeptide. The termini of the primary structure of the H subunit were established by means of the amino and carboxy terminal sequences of the polypeptide. The data showed that the H subunit is composed of 260 residues, corresponding to a molecular weight of 28,003. A molecular weight of 100,858 for the reaction center was calculated from the primary structures of the subunits and the cofactors. Examination of the genes encoding the reaction center shows that the codon usage is strongly biased towards codons ending in G and C. Hydropathy analysis of the H subunit sequence reveals one stretch of hydrophobic residues near the amino terminus; the L and M subunits contain five such stretches. From a comparison of the sequences of homologous proteins found in bacterial reaction centers and photosystem II of plants, an evolutionary tree was constructed. The analysis of evolutionary relationships showed that the L and M subunits of reaction centers and the D1 and D2 proteins of photosystem II are descended from a common ancestor, and that the rate of change in these proteins was much higher in the first billion years after the divergence of the reaction center and photosystem II than in the subsequent billion years represented by the divergence of the species containing these proteins.
Math Anxiety in Second and Third Graders and Its Relation to Mathematics Achievement

Although the detrimental effects of math anxiety in adults are well understood, few studies have examined how it affects younger children who are beginning to learn math in a formal academic setting. Here, we examine the relationship between math anxiety and math achievement in 2nd and 3rd graders. In response to the need for a grade-appropriate measure of assessing math anxiety in this group we first describe the development of Scale for Early Mathematics Anxiety (SEMA), a new measure for assessing math anxiety in 2nd and 3rd graders that is based on the Math Anxiety Rating Scale. We demonstrate the construct validity and reliability of the SEMA and use it to characterize the effect of math anxiety on standardized measures of math abilities, as assessed using the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT-II). Math achievement, as measured by the WIAT-II Math Composite score, was significantly and negatively correlated with SEMA but not with trait anxiety scores. Additional analyses showed that SEMA scores were significantly correlated with scores on the Math Reasoning subtest, which involves more complex verbal problem solving, but not with the Numerical Operations subtest which assesses basic computation skills. Our results suggest that math anxiety has a pronounced effect on more demanding calculations. Our results further suggest that math anxiety has an equally detrimental impact on math achievement regardless of whether children have an anxiety related to numbers or to the situational and social experience of doing math. Critically, these effects were unrelated to trait anxiety, providing the first evidence that the specific effects of math anxiety can be detected in the earliest stages of formal math learning in school. Our findings provide new insights into the developmental origins of math anxiety, and further underscore the need to remediate math anxiety and its deleterious effects on math achievement in young children.
Antinociception and modulation of rostral ventromedial medulla neuronal activity by local microinfusion of a cannabinoid receptor agonist.

Abstract Systemic administration of a cannabinoid agonist produces antinociception through the activation of pain modulating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). The aim of the present study was to determine how a cannabinoid receptor agonist acting directly within the RVM affects neuronal activity to produce behaviorally measurable antinociception. In lightly anesthetized rats, two types of RVM neurons have been defined based on changes in tail flick-related activity. On-cells increase firing (on-cell burst), whereas off-cells cease firing (off-cell pause), just prior to a tail flick. The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212–2 was microinfused directly into the RVM while monitoring tail flick latencies and on- and off-cell activity. Microinfusion of WIN55,212–2 (2.0 μg/μl and 0.4 μg/μl) reduced the tail flick-related on-cell burst, decreased the duration of the off-cell pause, and increased off-cell ongoing activity. These changes were prevented by co-infusing the CB1 receptor antagonist, SR141716A (0.35 μg/μl), with WIN55,212–2 (0.4 μg/μl). Furthermore, 2.0 μg/μl WIN55,212–2 delayed the onset of the off-cell pause and increased tail flick latencies. Microinfusion of WIN55,212–2 to brain regions caudal or lateral to the RVM had no effect on RVM neuronal activity or tail flick latencies. These results indicate that cannabinoids act directly within the RVM to affect off-cell activity, providing one mechanism by which cannabinoids produce antinociception.
Scalable, compact, nanosecond pulse generator with a high repetition rate for biomedical applications requiring intense electric fields

A high repetition rate, high voltage pulse generator has been developed that scales up the output voltage of a recently reported compact, nanosecond pulse generator that is currently being used in various biomedical applications, including experiments into the mechanisms that drive cellular electropermeabilization and plasma generation for an endodontic disinfection tool [1, 2]. This single-stage, nanosecond architecture is based is composed of a bank of power MOSFETs, a linear network of inductors and capacitors, and a bank of junction recovery diodes; it was reported to feature an output pulse amplitude voltage to input voltage ratio between 5 and 6 [3, 4]. Since commercially available power MOSFETs tend to be limited to 1 kV, the output amplitude of the single-stage pulse generator does not exceed 5 or 6 kV. To combat this limitation, two different architectures have been developed that enable scaling of the output voltage. The first of these increases the voltage input to the pulse-forming network by means of a solid-state Marx bank that employs power MOSFETs arranged in a series-parallel arrangement to handle the high voltage and high current requirements of the switching stage. The second architecture employs a saturating transformer to handle the high current. Each of these has its own advantages: the first architecture has a shorter trigger-to-output delay time and is capable of producing low-jitter pulses with a linear input-output voltage relationship; whereas, the architecture with a saturating core features fewer components and reduced complexity. Prototypes of both architectures have been designed, built, tested, and are currently being used.
Validation of the Acute Heart Failure Index

Study objective Validate a clinical prediction rule prognostic of short-term fatal and inpatient nonfatal outcomes for heart failure patients admitted through the emergency department. Methods We retrospectively studied a random cohort of 8,384 adult patients admitted to Pennsylvania hospitals in 2003 and 2004 with a diagnosis of heart failure as defined by primary discharge diagnosis codes. We reported the proportions of inpatient death, serious medical complications before discharge, and 30-day death in the patients identified as low risk by the prediction rule. Results The prediction rule classified 1,609 (19.2%) of the patients as low risk. Within this subgroup, there were 12 (0.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3% to 1.2%) inpatient deaths, 28 (1.7%; 95% CI 1.1% to 2.4%) patients survived to hospital discharge after a serious complication, and 47 (2.9%; 95% CI 2.1% to 3.7%) patients died within 30 days of the index hospitalization. Conclusion This prediction rule identifies a group of admitted heart failure patients at low risk of inpatient mortal and nonmortal complications. Our validation findings suggest the rule could assist physicians in making site-of-care decisions for this patient population and aid in analyzing presenting illness burden in study populations.
Sequential Resection of the Distal Clavicle and Its Effects on Horizontal Acromioclavicular Joint Translation

Background: Reconstructions of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligament in an open or arthroscopically assisted procedure are often combined with a resection of the distal clavicle to prevent or treat osteoarthritic degenerations of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. However, increased horizontal translation leading to symptomatic instability may be associated with resection of the distal clavicle.Hypothesis: Horizontal translation increases in direct correlation to subsequent resection of the distal clavicle.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen specimens (mean age, 82.0 ± 5 years) were examined using a servohydraulic testing system. A 70-N force was applied in the anterior, posterior, and superior directions, and the translations were quantified for all directions. After native testing, sequential resection of the distal clavicle at 5 and 10 mm was performed after incision of the inferior capsule, and anterior-posterior loads were retested. Finally, the AC ligaments were incise...
How are the Kids Doing? How do We Know? Recent Trends in Child and Youth Well-Being in the United States and Some International Comparisons

With a focus on the United States, this paper addresses the basic social indicators question: How are we doing? More specifically, with respect to children, how are our kids (including adolescents and youths) doing? These questions can be addressed by comparisons: (1) to past historical values, (2) to other contemporaneous units (e.g., comparisons among subpopulations, states, regions, countries), or (3) to goals or other externally established standards. The Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI), which we have developed over the past decade, uses all three of these points of comparison. The CWI is a composite index based on 28 social indicator time series of various aspects of the well-being of children and youth in American society that date back to 1975, which is used as a base year for measuring changes (improvements or deterioration) in subsequent years. The CWI is evidence-based not only in the sense that it uses time series of empirical data for its construction, but also because the 28 indicators are grouped into seven domains of well-being or areas of social life that have been found to define the conceptual space of the quality of life in numerous studies of subjective well-being. Findings from research using the CWI reported in the paper include: (1) trends in child and youth well-being in the United States over time, (2) international comparisons, and (3) best-practice analyses.
Free Molecular Flow over a Rotating Sphere

6= freestream temperature =|5| = the x, y, and z components of the mass velocity of the freestream molecules with respect to the local coordinates, respectively = Cartesian stationary frame of reference = local Cartesian coordinates, fixed on the moving differential area = unit vectors in the x, y, and z directions, respectively = azimuth, measured from negative X axis = mn^, freestream density = momentum accommodation coefficients, Eq. (12) and Eq. (13) — tangential component of momentum flux, Eqs. (6b) and (6c), or shearing stress acting on the differential area, Eqs. (14b) and (14c) = latitude, measured from positive Y axis SubscriptsK = components in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively i = quantity impinging to the sphere r = quantity reflected from the sphere w = value at sphere surface x, y, z = components in the x, y, and z directions, respectively.
Observing and measuring cognitive support: steps toward systematic tool evaluation and engineering

A key desideratum for many software comprehension tools is to reduce the mental burdens of software engineers. That is, the tools should support cognition. This key benefit is difficult to directly observe and measure, so evaluating such tools has been problematic. This paper describes an investigation into the application of distributed cognition theories to analyzing and observing cognitive support. Theories of cognitive support are used to generate an analysis of potential cognitive benefits provided by the compilation-error tracking facilities of a commercial software development environment. This analysis is used to generate a scheme for coding user observations such that cognitive support related activity can be tracked. Experiences in applying the technique on data from a field study are reported. The study also serves to provide a glimpse into the ways that programmers and tools cooperate. Implications are drawn for future practices of tool evaluation and engineering.
A Study of the Relevance of Social Network Sites and Ethics Involving Undergraduate Students

The use of social networking sites (SNSs) has evolved rapidly this past decade with little concern for privacy. This study examines undergraduate students’ use of SNSs and online privacy preferences. Eighty- five students in social work classes were surveyed to determine the frequency of SNS access and privacy control usage. Student participants accessed SNSs (97.6%) more than the general population (72%) surveyed by the Pew Research Internet Project (Brenner & Smith, 2013). Most students restricted access to their profiles through friends- only privacy settings and took steps to eliminate unwanted posts. However, regrets over personal posts were still commonplace. The 2005 National Association of Social Workers and Association of Social Work Boards ethical standards suggest establishing professional boundaries and safeguarding personal information as part of technol ogically proficient practice. Social work educational programs should provide training on privacy risk management to protect students from unwanted and potentially career damaging disclosures on Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, and other Internet sites.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin complications in children born to HIV-1-infected women with a review of the literature.

Objective. To compare the risk of complications following Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) vaccination among children by maternal and infant HIV-1 infection status as part of an investigation of an outbreak of BCG complications. Methods. A nonconcurrent cohort study of BCG complications among 125 infants born to HIV-1 seropositive and 166 infants born to HIV-1 seronegative mothers was conducted in Cite Soleil, Haiti. Infants were examined at regular intervals until 15 months of age, and complications from BCG were documented. An investigation of BCG vaccination practices was conducted. Results. Mild or moderate complications occurred among 16 of 166 (9.6%) infants born to HIV-1 seronegative mothers compared with 4 of 13 HIV-1-infected infants (30.8%, P = .04) and 10 of 75 (13.3%, P = .39) uninfected infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. No serious complications were noted. The outbreak of complications was associated with administration of 2.0 to 2.5 times the recommended dose of BCG vaccine. Conclusions. This and five other cohort studies indicate that there may be a small increased risk of complications following BCG vaccination among HIV-1-infected children, but the reactions are usually mild and the risk does not outweigh the benefits of BCG vaccination in populations at high risk of tuberculosis during infancy and childhood.
The Economics of Mating Taboos in a Matching Model

The objective of this paper is to apply a matching model to identify structural differences contributing to black/white discrepancies in intermarriage behavior. I propose a measurement of type for each individual, and I also propose a general matching algorithm to solve for the acceptable pool of partners for each type of individual. Using samples from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1985-1996), I identify a distaste for intermarriage termed the mating taboo. I find that the mating taboo is severe, between 55-63 percent. The most important element affecting racial differences in intermarriage is chances in receiving marriage offers. This accounts for 30 percent of the intermarriage rate difference. The key compensating differential in family real-income is wage elasticity: it accounts for a 33-35 percent difference in income inequality between mixed-race families and same-race families.
Disaster Preparedness among Active Duty Personnel, Retirees, Veterans, and Dependents.

Background With the increase in natural and manmade disasters, preparedness remains a vital area of concern. Despite attempts by government and non-government agencies to stress the importance of preparedness, national levels of preparedness remain unacceptably low. A goal of commands and installations is to ensure that US Navy beneficiaries are well prepared for disasters. This especially is critical in active service members to meet mission readiness requirements in crisis settings. Objective To evaluate active duty Navy personnel, dependents, veterans, and retirees regarding disaster preparedness status. Methods The authors conducted an anonymous 29-question survey for US Navy active duty, dependents, veterans, and retirees of the Greater San Diego Region (California, USA) evaluating actual basic disaster readiness as determined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) standards of 3-day minimum supply of emergency stores and equipment. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze data. Results One thousand one hundred and fifty surveys were returned and analyzed. Nine hundred and eight-three were sufficiently complete for logistic regression analysis with 394 responding “Yes” to having a 72-hour disaster kit (40.1%) while 589 had “No” as a response (59.9%). Conclusion The surveyed population is no more prepared than the general public, though surveyed beneficiaries overall are at an upper range of preparedness. Lower income and levels of education were associated with lack of preparedness, whereas training in disaster preparedness or having been affected by disasters increased the likelihood of being adequately prepared. Unlike results seen in the general public, those with chronic health care needs in the surveyed population were more, rather than less, likely to be prepared and those with minor children were less likely, rather than more likely, to be prepared. Duty status was assessed and only veterans were emphatically more probable than most to be prepared. Annis H , Jacoby I , DeMers G . Disaster Preparedness among Active Duty Personnel, Retirees, Veterans, and Dependents. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(2):132–140.
Smooth Surface Blending for the 2-D Generalized Method of Moments

Accurate computation of scattered electromagnetic fields is challenging due to approximation inherent: 1) in the geometrical description of the object, and 2) functions that are defined on this geometric representation. In this letter, we present a partition of a unity-based scheme capable of recreating scattering geometries to very low error with an arbitrary degree of smoothness and global continuity of normals in two dimensions. This method is then coupled with the Generalized Method of Moments, a recently developed meshless boundary integral equation method, to compute scattered fields in two dimensions. Several examples illustrating accuracy and convergence of this approach are discussed.
Lexico-syntactic causal pattern text mining

The major aspect of text mining is to capture essential information in the text. Of particular information is the discovery of causality. In a text, causality comes in various forms or patterns. To understand the causal relations in the text, we first need to know which all causation patterns are present. The long term goal is to mine text for causal patterns. Our focus is on semi-automatic generation of causation patterns. The objective of this research is to understand the important information in the text that is in the form of causal relations. The central hypothesis of this research is that every causal relation can be expressed in the form a lexico-syntactic pattern. We have considered marked and explicit causations.
Alterations in Erythrocyte Phospholipids Produced by Environmental Change.

SummaryIn 10 subjects with liver disease and jaundice, and in one out of 2 hyperlipemic subjects, abnormalities in red cell phospholipid composition were found, consisting principally of elevation in percentage of Lec and decrease in percentage of P E, with lesser changes in P S and Sph. Total red cell lipid phosphorus ranged from normal to elevated. Fatty acids of red cell glycerophospholipids showed a variable pattern. Plasma phospholipids were abnormal in 11 out of 12 subjects. In one subject whose disease improved, plasma and red cell phospholipids returned to normal. The phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane has thus been shown to correlate with changes in plasma phospholipids, while the fatty acids of the erythrocyte phospholipids show variability in composition.
Abstract 4982: Comparison of T cell responses to a melanoma-related antigen in elderly and young melanoma patients.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC It is widely believed that a hypo-and/or dysfunctional state in T cells in the elderly is a negative factor in immune defense against cancer. Accordingly, cancer patients are often excluded from immune-based clinical trials and therapies. The incidence of melanoma is rapidly rising in the elderly. To our knowledge, a critical assessment of the immune responsiveness by the elderly against a relevant melanoma associated antigen has not been carried out. Using the MART-127-35 (M27) epitope as a melanoma-associated target epitope and M27 specific T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells from the elderly (over 70) and young (below 45) as common elements in the comparison, we examined the T cell responses in both cohorts to the M27 epitope and to the Influenza matrix peptide MP58-66 (Flu58) as a control, ex vivo. We also compared the expressions of a number of genes associated with immune response by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in formalin fixed primary melanomas from both cohorts, in situ. While we detected a compromised CD8+ T cell response to Flu58 in the elderly, T cells from both cohorts proliferated and synthesized Th1 type cytokines in comparable levels when stimulated by the M27 epitope. qPCR analyses of primary melanomas from elderly patients showed lower levels of Fox-P3 expression but revealed comparable levels of expression of IL-2, IFNγ, TNF α, IL-4, IL-10, IDO, and TGFβ. These findings indicate that elderly patients are quite capable of responding to tumor antigens and need not be excluded from immune-based therapies or clinical trials. Citation Format: Nitya G. Chakraborty, Prashant Singh, Soheil S. Dadras, Bijay Mukherji, Upendra P. Hegde. Comparison of T cell responses to a melanoma-related antigen in elderly and young melanoma patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4982. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4982
Bis{(R)-N-[(R)-2-benz-yloxy-1-(4-tert-butyl-phen-yl)eth-yl]-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinamide} monohydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C23H33NO2S·H2O, contains one organic mol­ecule in a general position and one co-crystallized water mol­ecule on a crystallographic twofold axis. Each water mol­ecule serves as a hydrogen-bond donor to a pair of S=O acceptors on symmetry-related mol­ecules. Thus, each trio of mol­ecules forms one title formula unit. These groupings are further connected along [010] via weak non-classical C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Effect of Desoxycorticosterone Acetate on Insulin Sensitivity in Diabetes Mellitus.

SummaryThe effect of DOCA on the insulin sensitivity of 6 insulin insensitive patients was studied. Five showed a marked increase, and one an equivocal increase in insulin sensitivity.