cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trash to Treasure: Using Recyclables in Physical Activity Settings

Americans produce approximately 250 million tons of trash every year, and almost 35 percent of those are of recyclable materials. There are over 1,200 landfills in the United States, and many have caused and will potentially cause significant damage to the environment. It is important for the next generation to know that what is perceived as “trash” can be made into something “valuable” and fun. The purpose of the article is to provide physical educators with helpful ideas for using recyclable items in various physical activity settings. Steps for making hoops and agility ladders from newspapers and magazines, dice from cereal boxes, jump ropes from plastic bags, and hand-held stilts from coffee cans are illustrated. Ideas such as balancing a tennis ball on a milk jug and building an obstacle course with cardboard boxes are also demonstrated. Finally, three physical activities using these recyclables are presented.
DISORDERING KINETICS OF β' PHASE Cu-Zn AND Ag-Zn

Reaction rate measurements were made for the first time on the rapid disordering of CsCl structure s' phase alloys to the bcc structure s phase. The kinetics were studied by superheating the ordered phase using a pulse-heating technique and by monitoring the resistivity and temperature changes produced by the transformation. The disordering reaction was found to be rate limited by atomic diffusion.
Quantification of Compactness and Local Order in the Ensemble of the Intrinsically Disordered Protein FCP1

Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) partially or completely lack a cooperatively folded structure under native conditions, preventing their equilibrium state from being adequately described by a single structural model. As a direct consequence of their disorder, remarkably few experimental studies have quantified the ensembles IDRs adopt in solution. Here, we conduct unbiased computer simulations of the RAP74 interaction motif from the human phosphatase FCP1 in the unbound state, which provides an ensemble in quantitative agreement with both experimental NMR chemical shift information and small-angle X-ray scattering data. The partially α-helical short linear motif found in the C-terminus of FCP1 has been the subject of extensive biophysical characterization aimed at developing a molecular description for the mechanism of coupled folding and binding and establishing the functional relevance of partial order in the unbound state. The analysis presented here yields a remarkably consistent molecu...
Maintaining lecture context in a blended course

Today's students respond well to active participation in the learning process. That is why, in part, Web-based components as supplements or additions to traditional courses are increasingly used in college curricula. This paper describes techniques by which hybrid pedagogical components were added to courses in three different disciplines (computing, mathematics, and communications) at three very different institutions using Camtasia Studio [1] and Classroom Presenter [2] on Tablet PCs. The technique allows the context of a lecture to be replayed at will by a student as a way to reinforce learning. Student responses have been very positive. Representative comments and a summary of survey results taken on that population are offered.
Teaching the research process through student engagement: Cultural consensus analysis of HIV/AIDS

Participation in research prepares students for planning and conducting future projects, as well as academic and professional success. This article presents results of a student-involved research project exploring a cultural model of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment among college students as an example of teaching anthropological methods through faculty-directed research. This research provides information on how an “at-risk” population understands HIV/AIDS, including misconceptions held. Results include what participants know about prevention, treatment, and services. In addition to presenting this shared model, variation in knowledge is discussed by exploring factors influencing competence. Also, student collaborators learn invaluable methods by actually conducting research. This teaching method is assessed through student outcomes, including how they applied this experience to future work. Students have completed additional research on a variety of topics using methods learned throughout, including conceptions of mental illnesses, expectations of farmers’ markets, and treatment seeking among the uninsured. [student engagement, HIV/AIDS, Mississippi]
Osteoarthritis in the Elderly Population

Osteoarthritis, previously known as degenerative joint disease, osteoarthrosis, and hypertrophic osteoarthritis­, is a chronic and sometimes progressive condition of the joint characterized by changes in articular cartilage and associated with adjacent changes in subchondral bone, bone joint ­margins, synovium, ligaments, capsule, and or muscles. Although almost half of the patients with imaging evidence of osteoarthritis are asymptomatic, the remaining half have associated pain, stiffness, swelling, and loss of function. The diagnosis can be confirmed by radiograph, but the radiograph is often not essential to make the diagnosis. Treatment involves non-pharmacologic, pharmacologic, and surgical measures.
Theory of Enantiomer-Specific Microwave Spectroscopy

Abstract Patterson et al. (2013) introduced a microwave experiment that produces a perpendicularly polarized molecular emission when chiral molecules are resonantly excited in the presence of a Stark field that is then adiabatically switched off before observation of the emission. The sign of the signal is opposite for two stereo-enantiomers and thus the magnitude of the signal gives the enantiomeric excess of the sample. This was followed by a paper by Patterson and Doyle (2013) that introduced a microwave three wave mixing experimental method that also produces an emission signal whose amplitude is proportional to the enantiomeric excess of the specific molecule whose transitions are driven. These authors have coined the name Enantiomer-specific microwave spectroscopy for these techniques. This chapter presents a detailed presentation of the theory behind these experiments and provides expressions for the absolute calculation of the expected signal strength for different transitions.
Countering embarrassment-avoidance by taking an observer's perspective

The fear of embarrassment can have harmful effects in many important consumer domains (e.g. health and financial), especially for high public self-consciousness (PUBSC) consumers. This research examines how adopting the perspective of an observer interacts with trait PUBSC to influence embarrassment-avoidance. Study 1 demonstrates that individuals high in PUBSC (vs. not) are more likely to take an actor’s perspective and to feel personal distress when viewing an ad with an embarrassment appeal. Studies 2–3 show that seeing oneself as an observer is a helpful strategy for combatting embarrassment-avoidance for high PUBSC individuals. This process is effortful and requires cognitive resources. Together, Studies 1–3 demonstrate the power of our theory to explain, predict, and modify embarrassment-avoidance among individuals most likely to anticipate and avoid embarrassment.
QR coded 3D prints of cuneiform tablets

This article discusses the design of a quick response (QR) coded 3D model of a Babylonian mathematical clay tablet for 3D printing purposes, in an attempt to make better use of advanced 3D visualizations, encourage public engagement and question the influence of tagging and 3D printing on the way humans interact with ancient documentary artefacts. The main emphasis of this article is the methodological challenge, taking under consideration both the technical constrains and object-oriented requirements, such as aesthetics and authenticity. The proposed methodology for the successful implementation of the project incorporates 3D modelling, 3D printing, Automatic Identification Data Capture (AIDC) technologies, and a new open source platform named Cultural Heritage Object (CHER-Ob), for data management, decision making and scientific collaboration.
M/G/1 round robin discipline

This paper analyzes a round robin M/G/1 queuing discipline with quantum sizes that depend on the number of circuits a job has made. Tight bounds on the steady state mean response conditional on job size are found. Results show that the round robin discipline is relatively insensitive to changes in workload and follows the processor sharing response curves surprisingly closely, even for large quantum sizes. The analysis allows determination of a proper cutoff point, the point at which a job would be sent to a lower priority queue. Also derived is the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the response of a job that arrives to find a given workload. The transient mean response is calculated for this case.
Just-in-time parallel simulation

Due to the evolution of programming languages, interpreted languages have gained widespread use in scientific and research computing. Interpreted languages excel at being portable, easy to use, and fast in prototyping than their ahead-of-time (AOT) counterparts, including C, C++, and Fortran. While traditionally considered as slow to execute, advancements in Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation techniques have significantly improved the execution speed of interpreted languages and in some cases outperformed AOT languages. In this paper, we explore some challenges and design strategies in developing a high performance parallel discrete event simulation engine, called Simian, written with interpreted languages with JIT capabilities, including Python, Lua, and Javascript. Our results show that Simian with JIT performs similarly to AOT simulators, such as MiniSSF and ROSS. We expect that with features like good performance, user-friendliness, and portability, the just-in-time parallel simulation will become a common choice for modeling and simulation in the near future.
New Disulfide Route to 3-(1-Piperazinyl)-1,2-benzisothiazole. Nucleus for Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs

A new, one-step commercial process for the preparation of 3-(1-piperazinyl)-1,2-benzisothiazole hydrochloride, a key intermediate for the syntheses of some new, “atypical antipsychotic” drugs, was ...
Mechanical comparison of two small interlocking nails in torsion using a feline bone surrogate.

OBJECTIVE To compare the torsional behavior of two small angle-stable interlocking nails (I-Loc and Targon) with that of locking compression plates (LCP). To evaluate the effect of implant removal on the torsional strength of feline bone surrogates. STUDY DESIGN Experimental. SAMPLE POPULATION Fracture gap constructs and intact explanted bone surrogates. METHODS Fracture gap constructs were stabilized with one of six implants (I-Loc 3 and 4, Targon 2.5 and 3.0, LCP 2.0 and 2.4) and then cyclically tested in torsion (n = 4/group). To simulate implant removal, intact surrogates with implant-specific pilot holes were then twisted to failure (n = 4/group). Torsional compliance (TC; °/Nm), angular deformation (AD; °), and failure torque (FT ; Nm) were statistically compared (P .05). CONCLUSION We showed that I-Loc nails provided greater torsional stability than size-matched Targon nails and LCPs. Conversely, Targon 2.5 locking interface slippage may jeopardize that construct's stability. Furthermore, the significantly reduced bone surrogate torsional strength provided evidence that the large Targon bolt holes increased the risk of postexplantation iatrogenic fracture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide evidence to conclude that the small I-Loc nails may be valid alternatives to other osteosynthesis options for feline fracture repair.
Formation of large-area MoS2 thin films by oxygen-catalyzed sulfurization of Mo thin films

While transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) thin films are most commonly synthesized by vapor transport using solid metal oxide precursors, directly converting metal thin films to TMDs may be more scalable and controllable, e.g., to enable large-area coating by vacuum deposition. The thermodynamics are favorable for MoS2 formation from Mo in sulfur-rich environments, but sulfurization tends to be slow and the product is highly dependent on the chemical pathway taken. Here, the authors report on the role of trace oxygen gas (O2) for the sulfurization of Mo films. They study the formation of MoS2 from Mo films in H2S vapor, between 350 and 500 °C and with varying levels of O2. They find that the presence of trace levels of O2 accelerates the crystallization of MoS2 and affects the layer orientation, without changing the kinetics of mass transport or the final film composition. O2 acts as a catalyst to promote the crystallization of MoS2 at lower temperatures than otherwise possible. These results provide new insights into the growth of MoS2 by sulfurization and suggest that introducing an appropriate catalyst during chalcogenide phase formation could enable new processes for making homogeneous, large-area MoS2 films at low processing temperature on a variety of substrates.
Electron–phonon coupling and related transport properties of metals and intermetallic alloys from first principles

Abstract The fundamental scattering mechanisms between electrons and phonons in metals and metallic alloys dictate a wide range of phenomena in their materials’ physics. Using first-principles calculations carried out on dense electron and phonon wavevector grids, we determine the mode-level descriptions of electron–phonon interactions for nine characteristic metals, shedding light on their electrical and thermal transport properties at a range of electron and phonon temperatures. Our results reveal that even though there are similarities between the phonon densit of states of various simple metals, the electronic structure can significantly affect the modal contributions to electron–phonon coupling in metals. More specifically, we find that in the free-electron-like aluminum, the longitudinal high-frequency phonons contribute significantly to the mass enhancement parameter, whereas transverse phonons dominate the electron–phonon coupling in the noble metals with high density of d-band electrons near the Fermi level. In contrast, for intermetallic copper–gold alloys and superconducting metals such as Nb and Ta, the spectral contributions are mostly determined by the phonon density of states. The temperature-dependent volumetric electron–phonon coupling factor depends strongly on the electronic structures of the metals as it increases for the noble metals and their intermetallic alloys, decreases for Nb and Ta, and demonstrates a non-monotonic change for Al. For copper–gold alloys, the electron–phonon coupling strength and the volumetric electron–phonon coupling factor cannot be taken as the geometric mean of the two metals and are relatively much larger than that of their elemental constituents. We also find that the electron thermal conductivity of the 50/50 CuAu alloy is relatively higher than that of Cu3Au and CuAu3, and the electron thermal conductivities of the 25/75 and 75/25 alloys are similar to experimental measurements of disordered copper–gold alloys with the same compositions.
World Wide Web-based access to heterogenous information resources for cytokine research and education.

Abstract Cytokines are currently the focus of intense research efforts, and information related to cytokine biology is expanding at an extremely rapid rate. The primary literature has become insufficient as a source for timely information, and efficient searches of the older literature are complicated by the nature of cytokine nomenclature. A few computer-accessible cytokine-related data sources have recently been developed, but these are typically limited in scope and not integrated with other information resources. We have developed Cytokine Explorer, a World Wide Web (WWW)-based resource to provide access to and guidance in use of information for research and education in cytokine biology. The resource consists of: (1) a searchable thesaurus of cytokine nomenclature; (2) a cytokine reagent database containing information from academic institutions and commercial sources; (3) a set of links to cytokine-related WWW sites; and (4) a database of functional information retrieval maps for guided retrieval of cytokine information from combinations of heterogeneous sources.
Major Subtypes of Mature T- and NK-Cell Neoplasms

This chapter is focused on answering frequently asked questions in the workup of the most common T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms. Since cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and T-cell lymphomas of the intestine are expanded upon elsewhere, this text primarily involves the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular evaluation of nodal, leukemic, and a few extranodal entities. While T- and NK-cell lymphomas are relatively rare, within this umbrella, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, are still encountered and regularly suspected in a general surgical pathologist’s busy practice. These are also areas in which some alterations to the classification have occurred over the last few years. We summarize the key points here and how they apply to the clinical workup of these neoplasms.
Chapter 1 – The Wave-Particle Duality

Light has both a particle- and wave-like characters. Particles of light have an energy E=hcλ, where the product of the constants, h and c, can be conveniently written as hc = 1240 eV nm. The theory of light depending on its particle-like nature successfully accounts for the photoelectric effect, the emission and absorption of light by the electrons in an atom, and the scattering of light by loosely bound electrons. The wave character of light is revealed by the interference patterns produced when X-rays are scattered by the regular array of atoms in crystals and by a variety of other interference and diffraction experiments. In 1923, de Broglie made the remarkable suggestion that particles such as electrons should have wave-like properties. The dual wave-particle character of light should then be a common phenomena that applies to light and to all microscopic objects. de Broglie proposed that the wave- and particle-like properties of microscopic objects like electrons are related by the formula λ=hp.
Mucin granules are degraded in the autophagosome-lysosome pathway as a means of resolving airway mucous cell metaplasia

Exacerbations of muco-obstructive airway diseases such as COPD and asthma are associated with epithelial changes termed mucous cell metaplasia (MCM). The molecular pathways triggering MCM have been identified; however, the factors that regulate resolution are less well understood. We hypothesized that autophagosome-lysosome is required for resolution of MCM by degrading cytoplasmic mucins. We found increased intracellular levels of Muc5ac and Muc5b in autophagy-deficient mice. This difference was not due to defective mucin secretion. Instead, we found that Lamp1 labeled lysosomes were concentrated in the cytoplasm surrounding mucin granules of mucous cells during mucous cell metaplasia indicating that granules were degraded. Using a model of resolution of mucous cell metaplasia in mice, we found increased lysosomal proteolytic activity that peaked in the days after inflammation. Autophagy-deficient mice had persistent accumulation of mucin granules that failed to decline due to reduced mucin degradation. We applied these findings in vitro to human airway epithelial cells (AECs). Activation of autophagy by mTOR inhibition led to degradation of mucin granules in normal and COPD derived AECs. Our findings indicate that during peak and resolution phases of MCM, mucin granules can be degraded by autophagy. The addition of mucin degradation to the existing paradigm of production and secretion may more fully explain how the secretory cells handle excess amounts of cytoplasmic mucin and offers a therapeutic target to speed resolution of MCM in airway disease exacerbations.
Revealing the Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding With ACE2

A large population in the world has been infected by COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for the management and treatment of COVID-19. When it comes to the infection process, one of the most important proteins in SARS-CoV-2 is the spike (S) protein, which is able to bind to human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and initializes the entry of the host cell. In this study, we implemented multiscale computational approaches to study the electrostatic features of the interfaces of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor binding domain and ACE2. The simulations and analyses were performed on high-performance computing resources in the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Our study identified key residues on SARS-CoV-2, which can be used as targets for future drug design. The results shed light on future drug design and therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
Comparison Between Blood-Brain Barrier Water Exchange Rate and Permeability to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent in an Elderly Cohort.

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI using intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is commonly used for imaging blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Water is an alternative endogenous tracer with limited exchange rate across the BBB. A direct comparison between BBB water exchange rate and BBB permeability to GBCA is missing. The purpose of this study was to directly compare BBB permeability to GBCA (Ktrans and kGad = Ktrans/Vp) and water exchange rate (kw) in a cohort of elderly subjects at risk of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Methods: Ktrans/kGad and kw were measured by DCE-MRI and diffusion prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL), respectively, at 3 Tesla in 16 elderly subjects (3 male, age = 67.9 ± 3.0 yrs) at risk of cSVD. The test-retest reproducibility of kw measurements was evaluated with repeated scans ~6 weeks apart. Mixed effects linear regression was performed in the whole brain, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and 6 subcortical brain regions to investigate associations between Ktrans/kGad and test-retest kw. In addition, kw and Ktrans/kGad were compared in normal appearing white matter (NAWM), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions and penumbra. Results: Significant correlation was found between kw and Ktrans only in WM (β = 6.7 × 104, P = 0.036), caudate (β = 8.6 × 104, P = 0.029), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) perforator territory (β = 6.9 × 104, P = 0.009), but not in the whole brain, GM or rest 5 brain regions. Significant correlation was found between kw and kGad in MCA perforator territory (β = 1.5 × 103, P = 0.049), medial-temporal lobe (β = 3.5 × 103, P = 0.032), and hippocampus (β = 3.4 × 103, P = 0.038), but not in the rest brain regions. Good reproducibility of kw measurements (ICC=0.75) was achieved. Ktrans was significantly lower inside WMH than WMH penumbra (16.2%, P = 0.026), and kGad was significantly lower in NAWM than in the WMH penumbra (20.8%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: kw provides a measure of water exchange rate across the BBB with good test-retest reproducibility. The BBB mechanism underlying kw and Ktrans/kGad is likely to be different, as manifested by correlations in only three brain regions for each pair of comparison between kw and Ktrans or kGad.
BRAF inhibitors reprogram cancer-associated fibroblasts to drive matrix remodeling and therapeutic escape in melanoma

The tumor stroma and its cellular components are known to play an important role in tumor resilience towards treatment. Here, we report a novel resistance mechanism in melanoma that is elicited by BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi)-induced non-canonical nuclear {beta}-catenin signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our study reveals that BRAFi leads to an expanded CAF population with increased {beta}-catenin nuclear accumulation and enhances their biological properties. This CAF subpopulation is essential for melanoma cells to grow and resist to BRAFi/MEK inhibitors (MEKi). Mechanistically, BRAFi induces BRAF and CRAF dimerization and subsequently the activation of ERK signaling in CAFs, leading to the inactivation of the {beta}-catenin destruction complex. By RNA-Seq, periostin (POSTN) is identified as a major downstream effector of {beta} catenin in CAFs and can compensate for the loss of {beta}-catenin in CAFs in conferring melanoma cell BRAFi/MEKi resistance. Moreover, POSTN reactivates the ERK pathway, which is inhibited by BRAFi/MEKi, in melanoma cells through PI3K/AKT signaling. Our data underscore the roles of BRAFi-induced CAF reprogramming in matrix remodeling and therapeutic escape of melanoma cells and reveal POSTN as an important matrix target to eliminate BRAFi/MEKi resistance in melanoma.
Effects of high-dose ifnα2b upon human melanoma regional lymph node metastases: modulation of stat1, stat3, stat5, foxp3 and il-17 during neoadjuvant therapy

4475 STAT signaling associated with the IFNα receptor plays a pivotal role in the reciprocal differentiation of regulatory T cell and Th17, although this has not been documented fully in vitro and in vivo. Aberrant STAT signaling is associated with melanoma progression and appears to be central to lesions of host anti-tumor immunity and melanoma progression. CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg cells are mediators of immunologic tolerance, while Th17 cells are a recently recognized subset of CD4+ helper T cells expressing IL-17, an inflammatory cytokine. During a prospective neoadjuvant trial of high-dose IFNα2b (HDI) we evaluated the impact of IFNα2b on STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, CD4+FOXP3+Treg, and IL-17-expressing T cells pre- and post-treatment in lymph node biopsies. Higher pSTAT1/pSTAT3 ratios in tumor cells correlated with improved survival of melanoma patients. To further demonstrate that STAT3 is a progression biomarker of melanoma risk, we have observed that pSTAT3 expression level is positively associated with the degree of atypia (nevomelanocyte progression) in nevi. To explore the link between STAT signaling and Foxp3 signaling, Foxp3 signal was probed as well. It was found that Foxp3 was expressed in both melanoma and nevotic melanocytes, as well as in lymphocytes, and was associated with proliferation biomarker expression. STAT3 and Foxp3 are inversely associated with melanocyte maturation in vivo. HDI up-regulates pSTAT1, STAT5, and the pSTAT1/pSTAT3 ratio in melanoma cells and/or nevomelanocytes and lymphocytes in vivo, while it down-regulates pSTAT3 and total levels of STAT3 in tumor cells/nevomelanocytes and lymphocytes. The impact of HDI on STAT signaling was found to initiate host anti-tumor immunity with up-regulation of TAP2 antigen presenting machinery, while CD4+FOXP3+Treg cells are up-regulated through STAT5 signaling in response to HDI. IL-17-expression was not induced by IFNα2b in both melanoma and lymphocytes. Conclusion: IFNα2b modulates host anti-tumor immunity through the reciprocal regulation of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 signaling, and the balance of STAT network determines host anti-tumor immunity and tumor progression. STAT signal is associated with Foxp3 signal in vivo. Interference with Foxp3and/or STAT5 pathways may provide and approach to improve the therapeutic index of IFNs. STAT3 and Foxp3 signaling are potential targets for future prevention and therapy.
Honoring Protective Responses: Reframing Resistance in Therapy Using Polyvagal Theory

Therapists often conceptualize resistance as client behaviors that impede progress; this perspective threatens the therapeutic alliance, especially in couple and family therapy where increased resistance and multiple alliances are present. Polyvagal theory reframes and normalizes resistant behaviors as preconscious, protective responses emerging from our autonomic nervous system. The theory also explains how humans reciprocate safety cues to connect with each other; therapists can use concepts of polyvagal theory to manage their own emotional regulation and foster safety and connection in therapy. Polyvagal concepts deepen our understanding of protective behaviors presenting in couple and family therapy; therapists can help couple and family clients to recognize protective behaviors in their own relationships and facilitate safer connection and engagement. Clinical implications are presented: psychoeducation can help clients normalize and understand their protective processes; therapist presence and immediacy acknowledges and normalizes protective behaviors as they arise; therapist and client self-regulation skills support connection; therapist genuineness is a precondition to client safety; and understanding of polyvagal theory enhances assessment of conflict and enactments in couple and family therapy.
Double valve replacement in a patient with Maroteaux – Lamy syndrome as an ultimate team challenge

The Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI) is a rare, inherited metabolic disease that results in progressive tissue accumulation of dermatan-sulfated glycosaminoglycans and inflammatory consequences that almost always affects the heart valves. From the anesthesia point of view, managing the airway and ventilation might be a serious challenge due to specific features of the syndrome. Additionally, it is more than probable that the surgical team will perform a non-straightforward procedure. A 42-year-old male with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome was referred to our department with shortness of breath, due to severe aortic stenosis, and at least moderate mitral valve regurgitation. The patient was initially scheduled for aortic valve replacement. After multiple attempts with video assisted laryngoscopy, the endotracheal intubation was achieved with the aid of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, while the ventilation succeeded only with laryngeal mask. The somatic features of the syndrome that made the anesthesia induction extremely difficult, also affected the surgical procedure. Suboptimal exposure of the mitral valve, patch enlargement of the aortic root to host the bigger possible prosthesis, and the hard decision to replace the mitral valve even with a marginal indication were the intraoperative challenges for the surgical team. Finally, the patient underwent a successful double valve replacement with aortic root enlargement and 18 months postoperatively remains improved. Patients with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome represent a challenge for both anesthesiologists and cardiac surgeons. The whole team should be well prepared to deal with difficulties in airway management, ventilation and surgical valve exposure. The cardiac surgeon should be ready to offer additional procedures and even replace “prematurely” a moderately diseased valve in order to avoid a dangerous reoperation. The limited knowledge on the natural history of the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome valvulopathy and the difficulties in anesthesia induction support this approach.
Changes in Medicaid Enrollment During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Six States

Background: The COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) has caused extensive job loss and loss of employer-sponsored insurance. State Medicaid programs have experienced a related increase in enrollment during the PHE. However, the composition of enrollment and enrollee changes during the pandemic is unknown. Understanding changes in the Medicaid population during the PHE may inform policy development and identify strategies to meet the rising needs for insurance coverage during public health emergencies. This study aims to examine changes in Medicaid enrollment and population characteristics during the PHE. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study documenting changes in Medicaid new enrollment and disenrollment, and enrollee characteristics between March and October 2020 compared to the same time period in 2019 using Full-state Medicaid populations from six states of a wide geographical region. The primary outcomes were medicaid enrollment and disenrollment during the PHE. New enrollment included persons enrolled in Medicaid between March and October 2020 who were not enrolled in January or February of 2020. Disenrollment included persons who were enrolled in March of 2020 but not enrolled in October 2020. Results: The study included 8.50 million Medicaid enrollees in 2020 and 8.46 million in 2019. Overall, enrollment increased by 13.0% during the PHE compared to 2019, relative enrollment growth of 1.19 million. New enrollment accounted for 24.9% of the relative increase, while the remaining 75.1% was due to disenrollment. A larger proportion of new enrollment in 2020 was among adults aged 27-44 (28.3% vs 23.6%), Hispanics (34.3% vs 32.5%) and in the financial needy (44.0% vs 39.0%) category compared to 2019. Disenrollment included a larger proportion of older adults (26.1% vs 8.1%) and non-Hispanics (70.3% vs 66.4%) than in 2019. Conclusions and Relevance: Medicaid enrollment grew considerably during the PHE, and the majority of enrollment growth was attributed to decreases in disenrollment rather than increases in new enrollment. Our results highlight the impact of COVID-19 on state health programs and can guide federal and state budgetary planning. Funding: This study was supported from the Digital Health CRC (Cooperative Research Centre). The DHCRC is established and supported under the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centres Program. Funding for Antonia Chan was provided by the Stanford Medical Scholars Fellowship Program. Declaration of Interest: None to declare.
A Techno-Economic Framework for Satellite Networks Applied to Low Earth Orbit Constellations: Assessing Starlink, OneWeb and Kuiper

The emergence of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems has been seen as a potential solution for connecting remote areas where engineering terrestrial infrastructure is prohibitively expensive. Despite the hype, we still lack an open-source modeling framework for assessing the techno-economics of satellite broadband connectivity which is therefore the purpose of this paper. Firstly, a generalizable techno-economic model is presented to assess the engineering-economics of satellite constellations. Secondly, the approach is applied to assess the three main competing LEO constellations which include Starlink, OneWeb and Kuiper. This involves simulating the impact on coverage, capacity and cost, as both the number of satellites and quantity of subscribers increases. Finally, a global assessment is undertaken visualizing the potential capacity and cost per user via different subscriber scenarios. The results demonstrate how limited the capacity will be once resources are spread across users in each satellite coverage area. For example, for 0.1 users per km2 (so 1 user per 10 km2), we estimate a mean per user capacity of 24.94 Mbps, 1.01 Mbps and 10.30 Mbps for Starlink, OneWeb and Kuiper, respectively, in the busiest hour of the day. But if the subscriber density increases to 1 user per km2, then the mean per user capacity drops significantly to 2.49 Mbps, 0.10 Mbps and 1.02 Mbps. LEO broadband will be an essential part of the connectivity toolkit, but the results reveal that these mega-constellations will most likely have to operate below 0.1 users per km2 to provide a service that out-competes other broadband connectivity options.
Burnout in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: the rising need for development of evidence-based risk assessment and supportive interventions.

Commentary on: Galanis P, Varka I, Fragkou D, et al . Nurses’ burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs . 2021. doi:10.1111/jan.14839. Literature has consistently presented that health professionals experience higher level of work-related stress and multiple psychological stressors leading to burnout. …
Exploring the Mimicry of Polysaccharide Antigens by Anti-idiotypic Antibodies: The Crystallization, Molecular Replacement, and Refinement to 2·8 Å Resolution of an Idiotope-Anti-idiotope Fab Complex and of the Unliganded Anti-idiotope Fab

Abstract The monoclonal antibody YsT9.1 is specific for the lipopolysaccharide A antigen of Brucella abortus . A complex formed between the Fab of YsT9.1 (Ab1) and the Fab of its anti-idiotopic monoclonal antibody T91AJ5 (Ab2) has been crystallized, and data have been collected to 2·8 A resolution. The space group is monoclinic P 2 1 , with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The structure was solved using a limited Patterson-correlation search over the asymmetric-unit of rotation space, and has been refined to an R -factor of 0·174. The complex is a head-to-head dimer, with the contact between the two Fabs almost completely restricted to their hypervariable loops. The interactions between the two Fabs in the complex are dominated by tyrosine residues, not only in the formation of hydrogen bonds, but in their participation in an aromatic ring network that spans the two Fv domains. The anti-idiotope was found to be unable to carry an internal image of the antigen and induce polysaccharide-specific "anti-anti-idiotopes" (Ab3) because the polysaccharide binding cleft on the Ab1 is too narrow and deep to allow comprehensive contact with the binding site of Ab2. The antibody T91AJ5 therefore is a class γ anti-idiotope. The contact surfaces of the two Fabs are highly complementary; however, they are distinctly different in character. Each Fab has two separate binding surfaces of approximately equal size, but while the two binding surfaces of Ab1 are partitioned between the light and heavy chains, the two binding surfaces of Ab2 are shared between the chains, with the heavy chain responsible for about 60% of the total binding area. The structure of the unliganded Fab of Ab2 has also been solved by molecular replacement, and refined to an R -factor of 0·152 at 2·8 A resolution. This Fab crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The second hypervariable loop of the heavy chain of the Ab2 Fab is observed to undergo a significant and necessary conformational rearrangement in going from the unliganded to complexed form, and thus complex formation is an example of "induced fit" of antigen to antibody. The unliganded Ab1 Fab packs in the standard head-to-tail fashion observed for other Fabs. This mode of packing is precluded in the complex, by its head-to-head nature, and it is found to pack in tilted layers with most intermolecular contacts made between adjacent Ab2 Fab molecules. The unliganded Ab2 Fab packs in a manner that cannot be described as either head-to-tail or head-to-head.
An Improved Technique for Determining Dynamic Material Properties Using the Expanding Ring

Since its introduction nearly two decades ago, the expanding ring test has shown considerable promise as a simple method of obtaining strain-rate-sensitive uniaxial material property data. The procedure is to monitor the kinematics of a uniformly expanding ring. The stress-strain-strain rate response of the ring material can then be calculated from the ring equation of motion and the recorded data.
Impact of ultrathin transition metal buffer layers on Fe3O4 thin films

3000 A Fe3O4 (magnetite) thin films were simultaneously grown on (001) MgO single crystal substrates with and without 30 A buffer layers of Fe, Cr, Mo, and Nb. For all samples, the Verwey transition temperature (TV) occurs between 119 and 125 K, indicating good oxygen stoichiometry. We observe highly oriented (001) Fe3O4 with Mo and no buffer layer, reduced (001) texture with Nb and Fe, and polycrystalline growth with Cr. Mo, Cr, and unbuffered magnetite show typical magnetic behavior, whereas Nb and Fe buffers lead to anomalous magnetic properties that may be due to interfacial reactivity.
Case Management: An Introduction to Concepts and Skills, by Arthur J. Frankel and Sheldon R. Gelman

When I was 7 years old, my father took me to the circus where I witnessed, for the first time in my life, a plate twirler. I will never forget how astounded I felt at this incredible feat that I wa...
Efficient query processing with compiled knowledge bases

The goal of knowledge compilation is to enable fast queries. Prior approaches had the goal of small (i.e., polynomial in the size of the initial knowledge bases) compiled knowledge bases. Typically, query-response time is linear, so that the efficiency of querying the compiled knowledge base depends on its size. In this paper, a target for knowledge compilation called the ri-trie is introduced; it has the property that even if they are large they nevertheless admit fast queries. Specifically, a query can be processed in time linear in the size of the query regardless of the size of the compiled knowledge base.
Assessing posttraumatic cognitive processes: the Event Related Rumination Inventory

Cognitive processes in the aftermath of experiencing a major life stressor play an important role in the impact of the event on the person. Intrusive thoughts about the event are likely to be associated with continued distress, while deliberate rumination, aimed at understanding and problem-solving, should be predictive of posttraumatic growth (PTG). The Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI), designed to measure these two styles of rumination, is described and validation information is provided. Using a college student sample screened for having experienced highly stressful life events, data were obtained (N=323) to conduct an exploratory factor analysis that supported the two factors of the ERRI. Separate confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on two additional samples (Ns=186 and 400) supported a two-factor model. The two ERRI factors were validated by comparison with related variables and by assessing their contributions to predicting distress and PTG in two samples (Ns=198 and 202) that had been combined to conduct the second CFA. Data indicate the ERRI has solid psychometric properties, captures variance not measured by stable differences in cognitive styles, and the separate factors are related to posttraumatic distress and growth as predicted by existing models of PTG.
Allergen-specific IgG1 and IgG3 through Fc gamma RII induce eosinophil degranulation.

Abstract Evidence suggests that eosinophils contribute to inflammation in bronchial asthma by releasing chemical mediators and cytotoxic granule proteins. To investigate the mechanism of eosinophil degranulation in asthma, we established an in vitro model of allergen-induced degranulation. We treated tissue culture plates with short ragweed pollen (SRW) extract and sera from either normal donors or SRW-sensitive patients with asthma. Eosinophils were incubated in the wells and degranulation was assessed by measurement of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in supernatants. We detected degranulation only when sera from SRW-sensitive patients were reacted with SRW. Anti-IgG and anti-Fc gamma RII mAb, but not anti-IgE or anti-Fc epsilon RII mAb, abolished the degranulation. IgG-depleted serum did not induce degranulation; IgE-depleted serum triggered as much degranulation as untreated serum. Furthermore, serum levels of SRW-specific IgG1 or IgG3 correlated with the amounts of released eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. When eosinophils were cultured in wells coated with purified IgG or IgE, eosinophil degranulation was observed only with IgG. Finally, human IgG1 and IgG3, and less consistently IgG2, but not IgG4, induced degranulation. Thus, sera from patients with SRW-sensitive asthma induce eosinophil degranulation in vitro through antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. These antibodies may be responsible for degranulation of eosinophils in inflammatory reactions, such as bronchial asthma.
Observations on the extended Matsuoka–Nakai failure criterion

The equivalent Mohr–Coulomb (M-C) friction angle ϕ (J. Geotech. Eng. 1990; 116(6):986–999) of the extended Matsuoka–Nakai (E-M-N) criterion has been examined under all possible stress paths. It is shown that ϕ depends only on the ratio of cohesion to confining stress c′/σ and the frictional angle ϕ, where ϕ is the friction angle measured in triaxial compression (or extension) to which the E-M-N surface is fitted. It is also shown that ϕ is independent of c′, when σ=0 and of σ when c′=0, with the former representing an upper bound and the latter a lower bound of ϕ for any particular stress path. The closest point projection method has also been implemented successfully with the E-M-N criterion, and plane strain and axisymmetric element tests performed to verify some theoretical predictions relating to failure and post-yielding behavior. Finally, a bearing capacity problem was analyzed using both E-M-N and M-C, highlighting the conservative nature of M-C for different friction angles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the Follow-up of Patients with Abnormal Papanicolaou Smear Results

A review of the literature on adherence with recommended follow-up after an abnormal screening Papanicolaou smear result reveals that many women do not receive adequate follow-up. Primary care providers can influence the number of women who undergo timely colposcopy or a subsequent Papanicolaou smear by addressing common barriers to follow-up. Physicians should anticipate fears commonly experienced by women when they learn of abnormal Papanicolaou smear results, including fear of cancer, fear of pain during colposcopy, and fear of loss of sexual or reproductive function. An awareness that certain populations are at especially high risk of inadequate follow-up, including black and Hispanic women, women with less than a high school education, and women of low socioeconomic status, can help physicians target their efforts. Practical strategies for improving follow-up include speaking directly with the patient about results, emphasizing the precancerous nature of most lesions, actively preparing the patient for colposcopy by describing the procedure and its complications, and addressing fears about the common treatment options for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Office-based reminder systems and educational materials may also be used as adjuncts to personal contact.
Stereospecific accumulation of dihydromorphine and naltrexone by corpus striatal slices of morphine-dependent mice☆

Abstract Stereospecific accumulation of [ 3 H]dihydromorphine and [ 3 H]naltrexone by striatal slices from morphine-dependent mice was examined in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium. Striatal slices showed a saturable and stereospecific accumulation of both [ 3 H]ligands. The accumulation constant of naltrexone, determined by Wilkinson's analysis, was significantly decreased in both morphine-dependent mice and dependent mice abruptly withdrawn for 6 hr. The maximal accumulation of naltrexone was not chanhed in withdrawn mice, but decreased in dependent mice. This could be due to the high concentration of residual morphine in the slices. There were no significant differences in the accumulation constant or maximal accumulation of dihydromorphine among the striatal slices from control, dependent and withdrawn mice. These data indicate that in morphine-dependent mice, there is an increased affinity of the opioid receptors for the narcotic antagonist, naltrexone but not for the agonist, dihydromorphine.
Cephalothoracic lipodystrophy with hypocomplementemic renal disease: discordance in identical twin sisters.

This report describes the occurrence of cephalothoracic lipodystrophy in one of 7-yr-old identical twin sisters. The affected twin had classical loss of sc fat from her face, upper arms, and trunk as well as associated hypocomplementemia, microscopic hematuria, and a borderline oral glucose tolerance test without hyperinsulinism. The unaffected twin had a normal urinalysis, serum complement, and oral glucose tolerance. Both twins, when challenged iv with LRH or TRH, showed appropriate FSH and LH or TSH and PRL responses, respectively. This report, in conjunction with another similar twin pair recently described in the German literature, makes a simple, single gene genetic etiology untenable and supports the view that cephalothoracic lipodystrophy is an acquired disease.