cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-complementary purines by quadruple hydrogen bonding

The first discrete, self-complementary, quadruply hydrogen-bonded complexes based on the 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP) scaffold have been prepared; regioselective urea formation at the C(2) amino group of the heterocycle allows intermolecular dimerization (Kdim ∼ 1–1.6 × 103 M−1 in CDCl3) through a DADA hydrogen bonding motif.
Genesis of Boston Harbor drumlins, Massachusetts

Abstract Drumlins in Boston Harbor are composed of two superposed silty-sandy diamicton units and subordinate sand and gravel. The lower, compact, undifferentiated, diamicton is interpreted as a pre-Wisconsin till, based on truncated weathering profiles preserved below an erosion surface. The upper, less compact, diamicton contains numerous, discontinuous and poorly sorted lenses and stringers of sand and sandy gravel that tend to parallel the erosion surface. The upper diamicton and subordinate sandy gravel lenses are interpreted to date from the late Wisconsin glaciation. Along the exposed sections of the Long Island drumlin complex, the preserved weathering profile on the lower diamicton is thicker beneath the drumlin axes and is either thin or missing in the interdrumlin areas. This suggests that glacial erosion and streamlining of pre-Wisconsin deposits and their weathering profile took place after the weathering profile developed and before subsequent deposition of the overlying diamicton unit. The latter drapes the erosional drumlin form without contributing substantially to relief of the drumlin form.
Postpericardiotomy syndrome in a patient with a retained foreign body.

Abstract A patient is described in whom the postpericardiotomy syndrome developed secondary to a gunshot wound to the chest with the retained missile in close proximity to the pericardium. Steroid therapy produced a prompt and sustained clinical remission. The literature is reviewed, and it is suggested that retained foreign bodies in or near the pericardium are still another precipitating cause of the postpericardiotomy syndrome. Possible etiologic mechanisms, the role of corticosteroids in therapy, and indications for surgery are discussed.
Prognostic value of dipyridamole technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial tomography in patients with stable chest pain who are unable to exercise.

Abstract Unlike dipyridamole testing with thallium-201, the ability of technetium-99m sestamibi (MIBI) myocardial imaging to evaluate risk of later cardiac events has not been established. In this study, the prognostic value of dipyridamole MIBI myocardial tomography (same-day, rest-stress protocol) was assessed in 534 patients with stable chest pain consistent with angina pectoris. During follow-up (mean 13 ± 5 months), 58 patients (11%) had a major cardiac event—nonfatal myocardial infarction (n = 14) or cardiac death (n = 44). A history of congestive heart failure, prior myocardial infarction or diabetes mellitus, and either a reversible or fixed myocardial perfusion defect on MIBI scans were univariate and multivariate predictors of increased cardiac risk. Cardiac events occurred in 2% of patients with normal MIBI scans, compared with 15% with abnormal scans, 17% with reversible perfusion defects and 16% with fixed defects (all p
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Increases Release of Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone from the Pituitary of Immature Female Ratsin Vivoandin Vitro

Abstract Recent findings that serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were dramatically increased in weanling female Sprague–Dawley (S–D) rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) prompted a more detailed study to define the effect and to investigate its mechanism(s). Dose–response and time–course studies were performed in vivo. Single doses (0.03–30 μg/kg) of TCDD were administered orally by gastric intubation to 22-day-old female rats. Control animals received vehicle (corn oil) only, whereas naive controls were treated with an empty intubation syringe. Trunk blood was collected after decapitation at various time points during the subsequent 72 hr. Concentrations of LH and FSH were determined in serum by radioimmunoassays (RIA). Two distinct peaks of both hormones were detected. The first, at 1 hr, appeared to be a nonspecific response to vehicle as it was present in both vehicle control and TCDD-treated animals, but not in naive control animals. The second peak, at 24 hr, occurred only in animals dosed with TCDD. Gonadotropin levels in these animals were dose-dependently elevated. The ED50 was about 5 μg/kg with a maximum elevation of 15- and 20-fold for LH and FSH, respectively. Subsequently, in vitro studies were conducted in cultured pituitary halves and in primary pituitary cell cultures exposed to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and/or TCDD. The amount of LH released into the media was measured by RIA. TCDD caused a dose-dependent release of LH from pituitary halves with an ED50 of about 0.1 n m . This effect was abolished in calcium-free medium but was not attenuated by an GnRH antagonist. Further in vitro studies were conducted in primary pituitary cell cultures. Although the cells responded to GnRH very well, no effect of up to 100 n m TCDD on the release of gonadotropins was detected. The results suggest that TCDD induces dose-dependently a brief release of gonadotropins in immature female rats. This effect is at least partially due to an effect of TCDD in the pituitary. Increased release of gonadotropins as a result of TCDD treatment depends on the action of calcium but does not occur via activation of GnRH receptors. However, cells in a primary pituitary culture do not respond to TCDD with increased release of gonadotropins, suggesting that the effect of TCDD in the pituitary is mediated by a factor present in pituitary halves but not in primary cell culture.
The interaction of metals and barrier layers with fluorinated silicon oxides

Abstract Fluorinated silicon oxide (FSG) films with varying fluorine (F) content were prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using TEOS, O2, and either C2F6 or NF3. Metal films (Al, Cu–1% Al, Cu) were deposited on the FSG either directly or with a barrier layer (Ta, TaN) between the metal and the FSG. In addition, undoped PECVD SiO2 was studied as a capping layer on the FSG. Compositional depth profiles were obtained with both XPS and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). F diffused rapidly through Ta, TaN and Al, and reacted with Al on the top surface. On the other hand, regardless of barrier layers, Cu showed almost no reaction with F. F diffusion was also observed through PECVD SiO2.
Dynamics of particle export on the Northwest Atlantic margin

Abstract The Northwest Atlantic margin is characterized by high biological productivity in shelf and slope surface waters. In addition to carbon supply to underlying sediments, the persistent, intermediate depth nepheloid layers emanating from the continental shelves, and bottom nepheloid layers maintained by strong bottom currents associated with the southward flowing Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), provide conduits for export of organic carbon over the margin and/or to the interior ocean. As a part of a project to understand dynamics of particulate organic carbon (POC) cycling in this region, we examined the bulk and molecular properties of time-series sediment trap samples obtained at 968 m, 1976 m, and 2938 m depths from a bottom-tethered mooring on the New England slope (water depth, 2988 m). Frequent occurrences of higher fluxes in deep relative to shallower sediment traps and low Δ 14 C values of sinking POC together provide strong evidence for significant lateral transport of aged organic matter over the margin. Comparison of biogeochemical properties such as aluminum concentration and flux, and iron concentration between samples intercepted at different depths shows that particles collected by the deepest trap had more complex sources than the shallower ones. These data also suggest that at least two modes of lateral transport exist over the New England margin. Based on radiocarbon mass balance, about 30% (±10%) of sinking POC in all sediment traps is estimated to be derived from lateral transport of resuspended sediment. A strong correlation between Δ 14 C values and aluminum concentrations suggests that the aged organic matter is associated with lithogenic particles. Our results suggest that lateral transport of organic matter, particularly that resulting from sediment resuspension, should be considered in addition to vertical supply of organic matter derived from primary production, in order to understand carbon cycling and export over continental margins.
Registered domestic partnerships among gay men and lesbians: the role of economic factors

In this paper, we predict the demand for a marriage-like status—registered domestic partnership–among same-sex couples. Domestic partnership in the state of California now comes with almost all of the rights and responsibilities of marriage that a state can provide. We use the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) Tobacco Use Survey conducted by the California Department of Health and the Field Research Corporation in 2003. From this telephone survey, we use a probability sample of 1,002 lesbian and gay individuals in California. Using multinomial probit models of partnership status (single, not cohabiting, cohabiting, or registered), we find limited evidence of economic motivations in the choice to register. Gay men’s likelihood of registration rises with income; lesbians’ probability of registration rises with age. Couples with longer duration are more likely to register, suggesting that registration and duration are complementary signals of commitment and possibly of the need for rights and benefits of registration.
On the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the analysis of the action of free and insolubilized nucleases on bacteriophage RNA.

Abstract Electrophoresis in vertical polyacrylamide gel slabs containing 8 m urea was used to examine the products of incomplete hydrolysis of bacteriophage f2 RNA generated by a number of nucleases. Oligonucleotide patterns were reproducible and characteristic of each nuclease; even closely related enzymes (i.e., with the same primary specificity) produced bands which were unique. Enzymes which were covalently bound to agarose generated band patterns which were indistinguishable from those produced by the soluble enzymes, suggesting their use in RNA sequence analysis. Agents which modify secondary structure in the RNA substrate significantly affected the oligonucleotide patterns resulting from the action of a given nuclease. The results indicate that both gross enzyme specificity and RNA secondary structure determine which bonds are hydrolyzed in early stages of the enzyme catalyzed breakdown of RNA. Secondary aspects of nuclease specificity are demonstrable but appear to be much less significant.
Review essay: ‘discovering’ the gendered dimensions of Shi‘ism: recent scholarship on gender in Shi‘i ritual

The Women of Karbala: ritual performance and symbolic discourses in modern Shi`i Islam. Edited by Kamran Scot Aghaie. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. xii, 297 pp. ISBN 0-292-70959-5 The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi`i symbols and rituals in modern Iran. Kamran Scot Aghaie. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2004. xvi, 200 pp. ISBN 0-295-98455-4 An Enchanted modern: gender and public piety in Shi`i Lebanon. Lara Deeb. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006. xi, 263 pp. ISBN 0-69112421-3 Performing Islam: gender and ritual in Iran. Azam Torab. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2007. xvii, 300 pp. ISBN 90-04-15295-4
Calibration for determining monomer ratios in copolymers by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract Monomer ions appear in electrospray mass spectra of poly(styrene sulfonate-co-maleic acid) as the cone voltage (CV) is changed from −20 to −100 V. For a 1:1 styrene sulfonate (SS): maleic acid (MA) copolymer at CV = −100 V, the SS:MA monomer ion intensity ratio r 1:1 ( i m / z 183 / i m / z 115 ) 1:1 is 18.50 ± 0.64, reflecting the relatively high acidity of SS (p K a 0.7, versus 1.92 for MA). When sampling a 3:1 SS:MA copolymer, r 3:1 is 84.64 ± 1.83. The ratio of these ratios ( r 3:1 / r 1:1 ) polymer is 4.57 ± 0.18, significantly higher than the value expected [(3:1)/(1:1) = 3] based on the relative (nominal) monomer ratios in the copolymers. This compromises the use of one polymer sample as a standard for assessing the monomer ratio in the other at this CV . Use of monomer mixtures as standards is also precluded at CV = −100 V due to extensive fragmentation when sampling free MA monomers. Use of a lower CV and consideration of fragments as well as the monomer ions leads to better performance. At CV = −40 V, total polymer ion intensity ratios ( Σ i m / z ⁡ 183 + i m / z ⁡ 119 + i m / z ⁡ 80 i m / z ⁡ 115 + i m / z ⁡ 71 ) are 42.60 ± 2.01 and 13.11 ± 0.87 for the 3:1 and 1:1 copolymers, respectively. The ratio of these ratios ( Σ 3:1 / Σ 1:1 ) polymer is 3.25 ± 0.29, in good agreement with the nominal composition ratio. Similar results were obtained at CV −40 to −90 V. Using monomer mixtures as calibrants at CV = −40 V also provides accurate quantitation of the copolymer monomer ratios, provided that the total intensity ratios are used. Comparison of monomer and polymer breakdown diagrams provides the insight needed to determine the appropriate CV for quantitation with either polymer or monomer standards. Similar results are obtained for a second ionic copolymer system (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-co-acrylic acid). Once optimum conditions are achieved, monomer ratio determination can proceed very quickly, suggesting potential utility for routine quality monitoring.
An Exploratory Study of Hospitality and Tourism Educators’ Use and Perceptions of MOOCs

Massive Open Online Courses, or MOOCs as they are called, have been a hot topic in higher education in the last couple of years. Yet, while MOOCs have received considerable attention in the popular media, little attention has been paid to them in academic journals, especially in hospitality and tourism. Therefore, this paper explored hospitality and tourism educators’ knowledge, use, and perceptions of MOOCs, particularly in hospitality and tourism education. Insights and implications of the uses of MOOCs in hospitality and tourism were provided.
The symmetrical transistor as a bilateral switching element

TRANSISTORS and diodes have been employed successfully as basic building blocks in the design of switching systems. Much progress is being made in the development of transistorized equipment which promises ultimately to supplant the more conventional electromechanical equipment that at present is in common use.
Disaccharide structure code for the easy representation of constituent oligosaccharides from glycosaminoglycans.

Here we introduce a new shorthand nomenclature for designating the disaccharide subunit structure of all glycosaminoglycans as a way to compare compositions and describe linear sequences. Each disaccharide structural code (DSC) comprises four alphanumeric characters that reflect the actual substituents and isomeric characteristics of each component sugar. Larger structures can be represented easily by forming concatamers. The structural transparency of this new nomenclature eliminates the need for ambiguous acronyms or difficult numeric representations.
Estimating the number of protein folds.

A number of fundamental questions in structural biology concern the diversity of protein architectures (or folds). Here, we address two of them, the size of the universe of folds, and the distribution of sequence families among them, using an analysis based on a new and rigorous statistical sampling method. In particular we show that the number of known non-transmembrane protein folds is approximately one half of the total that exist, and that certain superfolds should exist, which accommodate dozens of non-homologous sequence families.
Fluid Flow and Capillary Limit in Heat Pipe Thermal Ground Planes

This work shows the solution of the fluid flow and the capillary limit in heat pipe thermal ground planes after solving the temperature field. In addition, the effect of wall shear stress and the interfacial shear stress in the liquid pressure of the TGP is studied. In order to obtain more accurate results it is necessary to solve the velocity and thermal fields in both the liquid saturated wick and the vapor. It is also important to account for the mass, momentum and energy balances at the interface between the vapor and liquid. Previous work demonstrated that for the TGP’s which utilize water as the working fluid, the Jacob number is very small. A consequence of this is that convection of liquid with the wick is much smaller than conduction and the temperature may be solved independently of the velocity field. These solutions were presented in previous work. A key feature of the thermal model is that it relies on empirical interfacial heat transfer coefficient data to very accurately model the interfacial energy balance at the vapor-liquid saturated wick interface. One important result uses a solution for the evaporation and condensation rates and hence normal velocities at the interface. The results show that for all of the TGP’s lengths, the ratio between the pressure drop in the vapor and the pressure drop in the liquid is close to zero. Therefore, the pressure drop in the liquid will determine the capillary limit in the TGP.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Further Investigation of the Dietary Protein and Monensin Level Interrelationship in Broiler Chicks: Influence of Eimeria acervulina Infection, Increased Dietary Protein, and Level of Feed Intake

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of several dietary factors on the monensin response in commercial broiler chicks fed corn-soybean meal diets varying in crude protein (CP). All experiments were conducted between 8 and 22 days posthatching. Trial 1 had a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design wherein diets containing 16 or 24% CP and 0 or 121 mg/kg monensin were fed in the presence and absence of Eimeria acervulina infection. The monensin-induced growth depression was greater at 16% CP than at 24% CP. Coccidial infection had no effect on the monensin × protein level interaction. Monensin supplementation markedly improved performance of chicks infected with E. acervulina. Trial 2 was conducted to determine if the monensin-induced depression in performance caused by feeding a high level of monensin (140 mg/kg) could be moderated by feeding a high protein diet. Monensin supplementation reduced growth rate 18 and 10% in chicks fed 20 and 24% CP, respectively. Increasing CP to 28% alleviated the adverse effects of monensin on weight gain. Pair-feeding was used in Trial 3 to determine the extent to which the monensin-induced growth depression observed in chicks fed low protein diets was due to reduced feed intake. As expected, reducing the dietary CP from 24 to 16% resulted in a marked increase in the growth depression caused by 121 mg/kg monensin. Pair-feeding indicated that most of monensin’s adverse effects in low protein diets could be attributed to its anorexic properties.
The evolution of the Common User Access workplace model

This paper describes some of the influences contributing to and issues in dealing with the evolution of user interface guidelines over time. In particular, we focus on the evolution of IBM's user interface architecture, the Common User Access™ (CUA™) interface, over a period of six years. Discussed are the key architectural and design elements of the CUA Workplace Model, the fundamental shifts in computer-human interaction that have occurred since the first publication of the guidelines in 1987, and how user interface design, operating systems, and tools have interacted in the evolution of the guidelines. The information should help designers of user interfaces and developers of useirn terface guidelines to appreciate some of the factors involved in the long-term evolution of a user interface style. The paper provides an introduction to the most recent evolutionary step in the CUA style (the Workplace Model) to help the reader place these factors in perspective relative to the degree of evolutionary change.
The construction of accurate full crown restorations for an existing clasp by using a direct metal pattern technique

Abstract A direct technique for making full crowns for teeth which carry partial denture clasps has been described. A cadmium crown form is adapted to the prepared tooth, and its contours are modified with wax to fit the clasp. The laboratory procedures are described in detail.
Synergistic effect of propranolol and quipazine on desipramine enhanced shock-elicited fighting in rats.

Abstract Changes in shock-elicited fighting (SEF) were measured following single or repeated injections (IP) of dl-propranolol (5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) or quipazine (1.25 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg) given either alone or in combination to saline or desipramine (DMI) (10 mg/kg) treated rats. DMI + propranolol (20 mg/kg) caused a greater increase in fighting than DMI + saline 18 hours after last dose. Propranolol (20 mg/kg) produced an equal inhibition in both of these groups at 15 min. Propranolol (5 mg/kg) had no effect. Quipazine (2.5 mg/kg) failed to alter DMI induced increase in SEF. The combination of propranolol (5 mg/kg) + quipazine (1.25 mg/kg) blocked the enhanced SEF significantly in DMI treated rats in comparison to DMI + saline treated group. This combination of propranolol + quipazine produced no significant change in SEF in saline treated group in comparison to the pretest level. These results suggested that propranolol + quipazine act synergistically loow doses to inhibit the increased SEF seen in DMI treated rats and might have therapeutic implications for the management of irritable aggression or mania.
On the smallest graphs of girth 10 and valency 3

Recently, O'Keefe and Wong have shown that a smallest graph of girth 10 and valency 3 (a (3, 10)-cage) must have 70 vertices. There are three non-isomorphic (3, 10)-cages which have been known for some while. In this paper, it is shown that these are the only three possible (3, 10)-cages. Some of the proofs in this paper are derived with the aid of a computer.
Across the Border: A Comparison of U.S. and Canadian Correctional Officers.

Abstract The staffing of correctional institutions has become an important process worldwide. In an effort to ascertain cross-cultural similarities and differences among correctional officers, questionnaires were sent to all 1550 officers working in four American state prisons and five Canadian federal institutions. Responses were obtained from 229 American and 339 Canadian officers. These officers were compared, using one-way ANOVA and Chi Square tests, on thirteen different variables. Five of these variables were demographic, while the remaining eight were related to the institutional environment. Statistically significant differences were found in seven (54%) of the variables. The implications for cross-cultural correctional research are discussed.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Antistripping Additives: Laboratory Evaluation

Hydrated lime and liquid antistripping agents are often used as additives in asphalt mixes to improve their resistance to moisture damage. Most laboratory studies have evaluated the effectiveness of these additives on the basis of a short-period intensive moisture conditioning procedure, usually a freeze-thaw cycle. Whether this short-term conditioning sufficiently simulates the actual field conditions is unknown. Questions have arisen about the performance of asphalt mixes exposed to moisture for a long period and the effectiveness of antistripping additives after long-term conditioning. This research was conducted in the laboratory to answer these questions to some extent by two test methods: the indirect tensile strength ratio test and the flexural beam fatigue test. A moisture-sensitive mix was treated with the hydrated lime and liquid antistripping agents, saturated by vacuum, and conditioned in a humid environment for a period of up to 1 year. Mix properties were measured and analyzed every 4 months...
Quantitative interface models for simulating microstructure evolution

To quantitatively simulate microstructural evolution in real systems, we investigated three different interface models: a sharpinterface model implemented by the software DICTRA and two diffuse-interface models which use either physical order parameters or artificial order parameters. A particular example is considered, the diffusion-controlled growth of a c 0 precipitate in a supersaturated c matrix in Ni–Al binary alloys. All three models use the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters from the same databases. The temporal evolution profiles of composition from different models are shown to agree with each other. The focus is on examining the advantages and disadvantages of each model as applied to microstructure evolution in alloys. 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Simulation used to qualify nuclear waste glass for disposal

A hypothetical vitrification system was simulated to provide quantitative estimates of the errors associated with controlling and predicting the composition of the nuclear waste glass produced in the system. The composition of the glass must fall within certain limits in order to qualify for permanent geologic disposal. The estimated error in predicting the concentrations of various constituents in the glass was 2% to 8%, depending on the strategy for sampling and analyzing the feed and on the assumed magnitudes of the process uncertainties. The estimated error in controlling the glass composition was 2% to 9%, depending on the strategy for sampling and analyzing the waste and on the assumed magnitudes of the uncertainties. This work demonstrates that simulation techniques can be used to assist in qualifying nuclear waste glass for disposal.
The role of apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism in the central nervous system

The critical roles of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in regulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels have been extensively studied for over 2 decades. However, an understanding of the roles of apoE in the central nervous system (CNS) is less certain. This review will summarize the available experimental results on the role of apoE in CNS lipid homeostasis with respect to its modulation of sulfatide trafficking, alteration of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and apoE-induced changes in phospholipid molecular species in specialized subcellular membrane fractions. The results indicate that apoE mediates sulfatide trafficking and metabolism in the CNS. Moreover, although apoE does not affect the cholesterol mass content or the phospholipid mass levels and composition in the CNS as a whole, apoE modulates cholesterol and phospholipid homeostasis in selective subcellular membrane compartments. Through elucidating the roles of apoE in CNS lipid metabolism, new insights into overall functions of apoE in neurobiology can be accrued ultimately, leading to an increased understanding of CNS lipid metabolism and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.
Multiple-model adaptive estimation of a hydraulic wind power system

Nonlinear model of hydraulic wind power system operates on a wide spectrum of operating points such as random wind speed disturbances and applied control commands. Thus, one way to linearize this model is to use multiple linear models representing the whole range of operating points. This paper introduces a minimal number of fixed linear models in a multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) framework to reduce the state estimation error. System parameters such as pressures of the pump and motors can be estimated while the overall error in entire operating points is reduced. The algorithm is composed of a bank of Kalman filters, each of which is modeled to match particular real world operating condition. Simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive approach can optimally estimate the state variables in a wide range of operating points.
Developments in forging technology: A report on the North American forging technology conference—1981

The 1981 North American Forging Technology Conference was held on December 1–2, 1981, in Atlanta, Georgia. It was sponsored by the Forging Committee of the ASM Mechanical Working and Forming Division in cooperation with The Forging Industry Association. The objective of the conference was to review and disseminate recent technological developments related to forging, with emphasis on improved utilization of raw material, tooling, machinery, and new processes. The 250 or so conference participants included overseas attendees from Japan, Australia, France, and West Germany. It was a well-attended and informative event, featuring 15 presentations (without publication). The highlights of each presentation are covered in this report, along with the detailed conference program listing and plans for next year’s conference.
INTERFERON - DEMONSTRATION OF IN VITRO ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY AGAINST OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA CELLS

Interferon (IF) is a substance which has primarily been recognized for its antiviral activity and its role in host resistance. More recently, however, IF has been observed to also have striking antitumor effect. A cell line obtained from a Pu239 induced murine osteogenic sarcoma(OGS) has been utilized as a model system to define the antitumor activity of IF. Serial dilutions of IF (30,000 - 3 units) strikingly inhibited OGS cell growth as evidenced by (a) decreased colony formation in soft agar, (b)suppression of clone formation in liquid medium, and (c) reduction of tumor cell counts in monolayer cultures. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine in OGS cells was inhibited by 60-80% in the presence of IF suggesting a suppression of DNA synthesis. In OGS cells antitumor activity of IF was 2-to 5-fold less than the antiviral effect in these same cells against vesicular stomatitis virus. Exposure of tumor cells for 4hr, 24hr, 2d, 3d and 4d demonstrated greater activity with prolonged exposure to IF, thus indicating that the continued presence of IF was important for inhibition of OGS cells inhibition of cell growth was significantly greater for OGS cells than heterologous lamb kidney cells or normal mouse embryo fibroblasts. Finally, anti-IF antibody was shown to reverse the antitumor activity of the IF preparation. These data: (1) confirm the antitumor activity of IF, (2) demonstrate efficacy in vitro against a murine OGS cell line, and (3) suggest that IF may have potential as an antitumor, as well as an antiviral chemotherapeutic agent.
Chaos and quantum thermalization

We show that a bounded, isolated quantum system of many particles in a specific initial state will approach thermal equilibrium if the energy eigenfunctions which are superposed to form that state obey Berry's conjecture. Berry's conjecture is expected to hold only if the corresponding classical system is chaotic, and essentially states that the energy eigenfunctions behave as if they were Gaussian random variables. We review the existing evidence, and show that previously neglected effects substantially strengthen the case for Berry's conjecture. We study a rarefied hard-sphere gas as an explicit example of a many-body system which is known to be classically chaotic, and show that an energy eigenstate which obeys Berry's conjecture predicts a Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, or Fermi-Dirac distribution for the momentum of each constituent particle, depending on whether the wave functions are taken to be nonsymmetric, completely symmetric, or completely antisymmetric functions of the positions of the particles. We call this phenomenon eigenstate thermalization. We show that a generic initial state will approach thermal equilibrium at least as fast as O(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}/\ensuremath{\Delta})${\mathit{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, where \ensuremath{\Delta} is the uncertainty in the total energy of the gas. This result holds for an individual initial state; in contrast to the classical theory, no averaging over an ensemble of initial states is needed. We argue that these results constitute a sound foundation for quantum statistical mechanics.
High-performance, low-cost analog data processing and control using a 16-bit single-board microcomputer

In this article, the implementation of a microcomputer-based control system using a low-cost 16-bit single-board microcomputer combined with a general-purpose data acquisition board is described. It is intended that this combination forms a suitable basis of a control system for the type of complex sensor systems currently associated with modern industrial robots. The technique of interfacing a 16-bit microcomputer to a peripheral environment which has essentially an 8-bit architecture is presented. The result is a high-performance, low-cost analog data processing and control system. A novel timing device with both software- and hardware-configurable features has been developed so that an accurate interval timer for use with sample data systems is also available. To demonstrate the potential use of the system, an illustrative example of real-time adaptive process control is described.
Imaging of subcapsular hepatic and renal hematomas in pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome

The purpose of this report is to provide an illustrative case of spontaneous hepatic and renal hematomas that occurred during a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia and the HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome. The sonographic and computed tomographic findings included intrahepatic, subcapsular hepatic, and extracapsular perihepatic hematomas in addition to a large subcapsular renal hematoma. Since hepatic and renal hematomas that occur in association with preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome are rare but potentially life-threatening complications, prompt laboratory and radiologic evaluations are essential and may reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 27:35–40, 1999.
Pulse-spray thrombolysis of inferior vena cava thrombosis complicating filter placement

Inferior vena cava thrombosis is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of caval filter placement. A 34-year-old man with symptomatic caval thrombosis, which occurred 6 weeks after filter placement, was successfully treated with a combination of pulse-spray and local infusion of urokinase.
Liver proteome response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to several environmental contaminants: potential insights into biomarker development.

Abstract Liver proteome response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to environmental contaminants was analyzed to identify novel biomarkers of exposure. Adult male bass were exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2), atrazine, PCB 126, phenanthrene, or toxaphene via intraperitoneal injection with target body burdens of 0.00067, 3.0, 2.5, 50, and 100 μg/g, respectively. After a 96 h exposure, hepatic proteins were separated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins (vs. controls) recognized and identified with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. We identified, 30, 18, eight, 19, and five proteins as differentially expressed within the CdCl2, atrazine, PCB 126, phenanthrene, and toxaphene treatments, respectively. Alterations were observed in the expression of proteins associated with cellular ion homeostasis (toxaphene), oxidative stress (phenanthrene, PCB 126), and energy production including glycolysis (CdCl2, atrazine) and ATP synthesis (atrazine). This work supports the further evaluation of several of these proteins as biomarkers of contaminant exposure in fish.
Vaccinia virus A35R inhibits MHC class II antigen presentation

The Vaccinia virus gene A35R (Copenhagen designation) is highly conserved in mammalian-tropic poxviruses and is an important virulence factor, but its function was unknown. We show herein that A35 does not affect viral infectivity, apoptosis induction, or replication; however, we found that A35 significantly inhibited MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation, immune priming of T lymphocytes, and subsequent chemokine and cytokine synthesis. A35 localized to endosomes and reduced the amount of a model antigenic peptide displayed in the cleft of class II MHC. In addition, A35 decreased VV specific T cell responses in vivo. Thus, this is the first report identifying a function for the A35 protein in virulence as well as the first report identifying a VV gene that inhibits peptide antigen presentation.
Of [hamsters] and men: A new perspective on host cell proteins

Over many years, recombinant protein biologics developers have addressed product immunogenicity with a focus on the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Recently, immune responses to the native host c...
EXTRUDED CORN MEAL AND WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE

Blends of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and corn meal, which were separated into four particle fractions (residual on a #30 screen, #40 screen, #60 screen and through a #60 screen), were extruded at two moisture conditions (23 and 28%) to determine the effects of particle size on the extrudate properties. Smaller particle size fractions exhibited increased solubility and significantly higher viscosity both with and without added protein. When WPC was added to the corn meal, a large reduction in paste viscosity was observed regardless of the particle size. The blend with similar particle size distributions of corn meal and WPC had a significantly higher viscosity than the other blends. The expansion ratio, porosity and breaking strength of this blend, when extruded at the lower moisture content, were improved to the extent that they behaved similarly to extrudate made from corn meal alone.
The thin-film composite low pressure reverse osmosis membranes

Reverse osmosis systems are generally designed and utilized on the basis of reference membrane water flux and desalting performance at 28 Kg/cm2 (400 psi) net driving pressure (NDP). Low commercial stage are capable of equivalent performance at 14 Kg/cm2 (200 psi) NDP. Further, possibly, super low pressure (SLP) membranes are capable of equivalent performanec at 7 Kg/cm2 (100 psi) NDP. These LP and SLP membranes offer immediately obvious savings in energy cost for reverse osmosis desalting and water reclamation. In addition, they can make a most important contribution to reduced membrane replacement cost and improved permeate quality when operating on high salinity feeds at higher recevery levels. Two new series and four types of thin-film composite LP and/or SLP reverse osmosis membranes have been developed. These membranes, designated UTC series, give superior performance in such area as water flux, salt rejection, chemical stability and microbiological resistance. UTC-20 & 40 series membranes are designed for use at pressure of 5–15 kg/cm2 (71–213 psi). UTC-20 series membranes are available in two grades. UTC-20 HR membrane has a high water flux over 2.4 m3/m2 day (60 gfd) and NaCl rejection above 70 % at 15 kg/cm2. UTC-20 HF membrane has a very high water flux over 3.5 m3/m2 day (86 gfd) and NaCl rejection above 50 % at 15 kg/cm2, while the magnesium sulfate rejections of UTC-20 HR & 20 HF membranes are above 99.0 %, respectively. UTC-40 series membranes are also available in two grades. UTC-40 HR membrane has high NaCl rejections above 98 % and 1.0 m3/m2 day (24.5 gfd) water flux at 15 kg/cm2. UTC-40 HF membrane has very high water flux above 2.5 m3/m2 day (61.5 gfd) and over 90 % sodium chloride rejection at 15 kg/cm2. UTC-20 & 40 series membrane are directed to use in the market for ultrapure water production and brackish water desalination at low or super low operating pressure. These new composite membranes have been successfully manufactured in continuous flat sheet form and wound into the spiral elements.
Separate and Combined Effects of Timolol Maleate and Acetazolamide in Open-Angle Glaucoma

We compared the intraocular pressure-decreasing effect of timolol maleate alone, acetazolamide alone, and combined timolol and acetazolamide therapy in nine patients with bilateral chronic open-angle glaucoma. Timolol decreased intraocular pressure at least as effectively as acetazolamide. The two medications together were more effective than either medication alone, but they did not have a fully additive effect. Episcleral venous pressures and outflow facilities did not vary significantly with any of the three treatment regimens.
Sex, Stroke, and Inflammation: The potential for Estrogen-mediated immunoprotection in stroke

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the primary cause of disability in the developed world. Experimental and clinical data indicate that stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease, with males demonstrating an enhanced intrinsic sensitivity to ischemic damage throughout most of their lifespan. The neuroprotective role of estrogen in the female brain is well established, however, estrogen exposure can also be deleterious, especially in older women. The mechanisms for this remain unclear. Our current understanding is based on studies examining estrogen as it relates to neuronal injury, yet cerebral ischemia also induces a robust sterile inflammatory response involving local and systemic immune cells. Despite the potent anti-inflammatory effects of estrogen, few studies have investigated the contribution of estrogen to sex differences in the inflammatory response to stroke. This review examines the potential role for estrogen-mediated immunoprotection in ischemic injury.
Social support and outcome of alcoholism treatment: an exploratory analysis.

Social support is becoming recognized as a positive influence on health and health maintenance. Forms of support which bolster the patient's sense of personal efficacy should enhance the alcoholic's ability to cope with a specific stressor (i.e., overcoming his or her addiction). Patients reporting higher levels of social support during alcoholism treatment, especially support that enhances his or her self-esteem, should therefore demonstrate improved outcome compared to patients with lower levels. Sixty-one consecutive admissions to an inpatient alcoholism treatment program at a rural midwestern medical center completed an assessment of six forms of social support (Guidance, Reliable Alliance, Reassurance of Worth, Opportunity for Nurturance, Attachment, and Social Integration) in terms of support obtained from family and friends and from the treatment environment. For each patient, additional information concerning age, marital status, financial support, and previous alcohol-related hospitalizations was also obtained. Outcome of treatment was measured by readmission for an alcohol-related diagnosis within 1 year of discharge. Survival analysis found that reassurance of worth from family and friends and number of previous hospitalizations were independent and significant predictors of time to readmission. Higher levels of reassurance of worth or esteem support significantly lengthened time to readmission, with the reverse relationship found for number of previous hospitalizations. These results suggest that specific sources (family and friends) and forms (reassurance of worth) of social support are important to the recovering alcoholic and that the effect of social support on treatment outcome is independent of the alcoholic's history of prior treatment failure. Interventions or program modifications should be designed specifically to bolster these facets of social support rather than addressing more general forms of support.
FLAGELLAR ELONGATION AND SHORTENING IN CHLAMYDOMONAS : The Use of Cycloheximide and Colchicine to Study the Synthesis and Assembly of Flagellar Proteins

Flagella can be removed from the biflagellate Chlamydomonas and the cells begin to regenerate flagella almost immediately by deceleratory kinetics. Under usual conditions of deflagellation, more than 98% of all flagella are removed. Under less drastic conditions, cells can be selected in which one flagellum is removed and the other left intact. When only one of the two flagella is amputated, the intact flagellum shortens by linear kinetics while the amputated one regenerates. The two flagella attain an equal intermediate length and then approach their initial length at the same rate. A concentration of cycloheximide which inhibits protein synthesis permits less than one-third of each flagellum to form when both flagella are amputated. When only one is amputated in cycloheximide, shortening proceeds normally and the degree of elongation in the amputated flagellum is greater than if both were amputated in the presence of cycloheximide. The shortening process is therefore independent of protein synthesis, and the protein from the shortening flagellum probably enters the pool of precursors available for flagellar formation. Partial regeneration of flagella occurs in concentrations of cycloheximide inhibitory to protein synthesis suggesting that some flagellar precursors are present. Cycloheximide and flagellar pulse-labeling studies indicate that precursor is used during the first part of elongation, is resynthesized at mid-elongation, and approaches its original level as the flagella reach their initial length. Colchicine completely blocks regeneration without affecting protein synthesis, and extended exposure of deflagellated cells to colchicine increases the amount of flagellar growth upon transfer to cycloheximide. When colchicine is applied to cells with only one flagellum removed, shortening continues normally but regeneration is blocked. Therefore, colchicine can be used to separate the processes of shortening and elongation. Radioautographic studies of the growth zone of Chlamydomonas flagella corroborate previous findings that assembly is occurring at the distal end (tip growth) of the organelle.
ELECTRODERMAL AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS IN CONCEPT IDENTIEICATION

This study examined concept identification (CI) performance as a function of physiological arousal and physiological activity as a function of task complexity and expectation of success or failure. The development of an unsolvable set constituted stresses used to manipulate arousal. Results showed the following: (1) a positive correlation between CI errors and muscle action potential (MAP), (2) a negative correlation between spontaneous GSRs and MAP, (3) a greater number of spontaneous GSRs in low complexity-solvable set CI as compared with high complexity problems, (4) progressively improving CI performance in low complexity-solvable set problems, (5) increase in MAPs with high complexity-unsolvable set CI. These findings were interpreted as indicating that MAP reflects internal disturbance associated with inability to process information while spontaneous GSRs reflect successful information intake.
Driver-Circuit Design Considerations for High=Voltage Linen-Scan Transistor

Advances in technology have made available Silicon High Voltage Transistors for use in television line scan applications. The basic structure of such-devices is discussed comparing with conventional low voltage power devices showing the dominance of the high voltage devices collector region. It will be skhown how this large collector volume impacts on the common emitter characteristics, reducing gain, and the switching characteristics, due to the large amounts of collector stored charge.