cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4768: Receptor interacting protein (RIP) and Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) on opposite sides of anoikis resistance and promotes tumorigenesis

Anoikis-apoptotic cell death triggered by loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts is disregulated in many chronic debilitating and fatal diseases. Regulating crosstalk between anoikis and survival signaling pathways is crucial to regulating tissue processes and mitigating diseases like autoimmune diseases and cancer. Previously, we showed that anoikis activates a CD95/Fas-mediated signaling pathway regulated by receptor-interacting protein (RIP), a kinase that shuttles between Fas-mediated cell death and integrin/FAK-mediated survival pathways in a variety of cell systems. Since sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, is known to regulate longevity, cell survival, metabolism, and tumorigenesis, we hypothesized that SIRT3, might engage in crosstalk with Fas/RIP/integrin/FAK survival-death pathways. Specifically, we examined the roles of RIP and SIRT3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) anoikis resistance and tumorigenesis. Using immunohistochemical staining, immunoblotting, human tissue micro arrays, and overexpression and suppression approaches we examined the roles of RIP and SIRT3 in this context. RIP and SIRT3 have an opposite expression profile in OSCC cells and tissues. Stable suppression of RIP by RIP-targeted shRNA enhances SIRT3 levels, whereas, stable suppression of SIRT3 by SIRT3-targeted shRNA does not impact RIP levels in OSCC cells. Forced expression of RIP in RIP null cells downregulates SIRT3. As OSCC cells become anoikis-resitant they form multicellular aggregates in suspension conditions and their expression of SIRT3 increases as their expression of RIP decreases. Anoikis-resistant cells with high SIRT3 and low RIP levels induce an increased tumor burden and incidence in mice unlike their adherent OSCC cell counterparts, which express low SIRT3 and high RIP levels. OSCC cells with SIRT3 suppression fails to form multicellular aggregates in suspension conditions. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RIP is an upstream negative regulator of SIRT3 in anoikis resistance and anoikis resistance contributes to a more aggressive phenotype in OSCC development and progression (Supported by NIH grant R01DE014429 and NIH grant 2R56DE014429 to YLK). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4768. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4768
Studies on the Composition and Microbiology of Insect Spittle

The production of spittle by nymphal Cercopidae is a natural phenomenon that has been observed by man for centuries though the source of spittle was a conjectural matter until late in the 17th century. Detailed studies of the principal workers in this field from late in the 19th century to the present time have been adequately cited by Weaver and King (1954) who also describe the manner in which the spittlebug nymphs mix air and anal liquid to form spittle.
Monoubiquitination of survival motor neuron regulates its cellular localization and Cajal body integrity

Low levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein cause spinal muscular atrophy, the leading genetic disorder for infant mortality. SMN is ubiquitously expressed in various cell types and localizes in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it concentrates in two subnuclear structures termed Cajal body (CB) and gems. In addition, SMN can also be detected in the nucleolus of neurons. Mechanisms that control SMN sorting in the cell remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Itch directly interacts with and monoubiquitinates SMN. Monoubiquitination of SMN has a mild effect on promoting proteasomal degradation of SMN. We generated two SMN mutants, SMN(K0), in which all lysines are mutated to arginines and thereby abolishing SMN ubiquitination, and Ub-SMN(K0), in which a single Ub moiety is fused at the N-terminus of SMN(K0) and thereby mimicking SMN monoubiquitination. Immunostaining assays showed that SMN(K0) mainly localizes in the nucleus, whereas Ub-SMN(K0) localizes in both the cytoplasm and the nucleolus in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Interestingly, canonical CB foci and coilin/small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) co-localization are significantly impaired in SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing SMN(K0) or Ub-SMN(K0). Thus, our studies discover that Itch monoubiquitinates SMN and monoubiquitination of SMN plays an important role in regulating its cellular localization. Moreover, mislocalization of SMN disrupts CB integrity and likely impairs snRNP maturation.
Biophysical Comparison of Soluble Amyloid-β(1–42) Protofibrils, Oligomers, and Protofilaments

Some of the pathological hallmarks of the Alzheimer’s disease brain are senile plaques composed of insoluble amyloid-β protein (Aβ) fibrils. However, much of the recent emphasis in research has been on soluble Aβ aggregates in response to a growing body of evidence that shows that these species may be more neurotoxic than fibrils. Within this subset of soluble aggregated Aβ are protofibrils and oligomers. Although each species has been widely investigated separately, few studies have directly compared and contrasted their physical properties. In this work, we examined well-recognized preparations of Aβ(1–42) oligomers and protofibrils with multiangle (MALS) and dynamic (DLS) light scattering in line with, or following, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Multiple SEC–MALS analyses of protofibrils revealed molecular weight (Mw) gradients ranging from 200 to 2600 kDa. Oligomeric Aβ species are generally considered to be a smaller and more nascent than protofibrils. However, oligomer Mw values ranged from 2...
Baseline investigation on bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges at Raohe port in China

Objective To investigate the species distribution and population composition of bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges at Raohe port in Heilongjiang province.Methods Bed curtains,light traps and insect nets were used to collect mosquitoes and bloodsucking midges.Results From 2008 to 2009,90 214 mosquitoes and bloodsucking midges were captured in the region,which belonged to 63 species of 6 genera,2 families,including 28 species,4 genera of Culicoidae and 35 species,2 genera of Ceratopogonidae.Culicoides haerbalingensis were recorded for the first time at Raohe port.The predominant species of mosquitoes was Aedes vaxans(84.94%).The predominant species of bloodsucking midges were Culicoides sinanoennis(37.19%), C.obsoletus(20.03%) and C.punctatus(20.04%).The population composition of mosquitoes and bloodsucking midges varied in different habitats.Conclusion This investigation provided baseline data on bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges for formulation of the prevention and control strategies.
25 The association of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and receipt of social security disability benefits

In this study, we investigate the association between exposure to adverse childhood experiences and long-term disability using receipt of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits as a proxy for disability as a measure of economic impact. Survey data were obtained over an eight-month period (ending in March 2014) from a convenience sample of patients attending two private psychology practices, and parishioners attending a local church in western Nebraska. Data were collected using the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study questionnaire, which collects information on eight areas of exposure (e.g., abuse and household dysfunction). Respondents were also asked for the status of SSDI applications and several demographic questions. The Student’s t-test and the two-sample test of proportions were used to test for statistically significant differences in total ACE score and individual ACE Study questions, respectively, by receipt of SSDI. The response rate was 64% (n = 96 out of 150) and respondents were mostly female (75%) with an average age of 48.2 years (range: 19–92). The mean total ACE score was significantly larger, indicating more adverse exposures, for respondents who received SSDI benefits (p = 0.037) compared to those who did not receive benefits. Exposure to sexual abuse (p = 0.014), neglect (p = 0.046), and a household member with mental illness (p = 0.012) were significantly associated with receipt of SSDI. Respondents who received SSDI were significantly more likely to report more exposure to adverse childhood experiences, particularly child maltreatment. These results suggest that the economic impact of child maltreatment may be underestimated if the long-term effect on the ability to work is not included. No previous studies have been conducted to determine the association of adverse childhood experiences and costly SSDI benefits. Investigating this association will provide policy makers with an understanding of the true economic burden of these events and, ultimately, lead to more resources to prevent these exposures.
The influence of funding sources on the scientific method.

Funding for scientific research in the USA has become harder to obtain, especially for discovery‐based science, requiring the analysis of large datasets to find patterns and correlations. It is through such analysis that new hypotheses are formulated and dogma refuted, particularly as it pertains to science in the ‘‐omics’ era. The battle for funding has led to a change in the types of experiment that are being proposed by scientists. Grant panels are most commonly interested in proposals that are focused on solving problems, such as novel targets to prevent pathogen infection, or are guaranteed to be successful in the short term. Although it is understandable that grant panels would want to ensure that the money spent on projects will yield immediate results, targeting of virulence factors and drug targets has led to a narrowed view of pathogens and pathogenesis. How does funding influence scientific ideas and hypotheses? It is common to design studies to examine genes already associated with virulence. Previous studies are the backbone of grant writing and help to solidify the logic of scientific studies. However, focusing on previously studied virulence traits and genes narrows our view of the biological processes that occur between host and pathogen. Experiments to find novel genes associated with virulence are often discouraged in grant writing, and such ‘fishing expeditions’ typically account for a very small proportion of proposed experiments. With the advent of novel algorithms for large‐scale in silico analysis of genes and genomes, it is possible to derive a great deal of information from RNAseq, genome sequencing and proteomics. Such large‐scale analyses go beyond ‘fishing expeditions’ and have shed light on biological functions that may or may not be involved in pathogenesis. Recent developments in bioinformatics have allowed scientists to test whether or not hypotheses derived from traditional experiments can be extrapolated to the whole genome. In addition, ‘‐omics’ studies can provide data that can be mined by an entire field for many years. Thus, large‐scale bioinformatics and ‘‐omics’ projects should be viewed as a ‘good investment’ during grant funding.
Facile Synthesis of BaTiO3 Nanocubes with the Use of Anatase TiO2 Nanorods as a Precursor to Titanium Hydroxide

We report a solvothermal method for the facile and reproducible synthesis of BaTiO3 nanocubes by employing anatase TiO2 nanorods as a precursor to titanium hydroxide. The TiO2 nanorods were, in turn, synthesized in advance through another solvothermal process. We could obtain high-quality BaTiO3 nanocubes by reacting the TiO2 nanorods with Ba(NO3)2 under solvothermal conditions in the presence of oleic acid and acetic acid as dual capping agents, followed by a purification process involving chemical washing and physical filtration. The addition of acetic acid alongside oleic acid was critical to the formation of well-defined {100} facets on the nanocrystals and also increased batch-to-batch reproducibility without the use of a glove box or similar air-free experimental design. Using this method, BaTiO3 nanocubes crystallized in the cubic phase could be readily obtained with an average edge length around 8 nm.
Medical Education and Global Health Equity

The University of Global Health Equity aims to provide the tools and technology to develop the skills students need to improve fragile health systems.
Effect of dexamethasone, feeding time, and insulin infusion on leptin concentrations in stallions

Three experiments tested the hypotheses that daily cortisol rhythm, feeding time, and/or insulin infusion affect(s) leptin secretion in stallions. Ten mature stallions received ad libitum hay and water and were fed a grain concentrate once daily at 0700. In Exp. 1, stallions received either a single injection of dexamethasone (125 microg/kg BW i.m.; n = 5) or vehicle (controls; n = 5) at 0700 on d -1. Starting 24 h later, blood samples were collected every 2 h for 36 h via jugular venipuncture. Cortisol in control stallions varied (P < 0.01) with time, with a morning peak and evening nadir; dexamethasone suppressed (P < 0.01) cortisol concentrations. Leptin and insulin were greater (P < 0.01) in the treated stallions, as was the insulin response to feeding (P < 0.01). Leptin in control stallions varied (P < 0.01) in a diurnal pattern, peaking approximately 10 h after onset of eating. This pattern of leptin secretion was similar, although of greater magnitude (P < 0.01), in treated stallions. In Exp. 2, five stallions were fed the concentrate portion of their diet daily at 0700 and five were switched to feeding at 1900. After 14 d on these regimens, blood samples were collected every 4 h for 48 h and then twice daily for 5 d. Cortisol varied diurnally (P = 0.02) and was not altered (P = 0.21) by feeding time. Insulin and leptin increased (P < 0.01) after feeding, and the peaks in insulin and leptin were shifted 12 h by feeding at 1900. In Exp. 3, six stallions were used in two 3 x 3 Latin square experiments. Treatments were 1) normal daily meal at 0700; 2) no feed for 24 h; and 3) no feed and a bolus injection of insulin (0.4 mIU/kg BW i.v.) followed by infusion of insulin (1.2 mIU.kg BW(-1).min(-1)) for 180 min, which was gradually decreased to 0 by 240 min; sufficient glucose was infused to maintain euglycemia. Plasma insulin increased (P < 0.01) in stallions when they were meal-fed (to approximately 150 microIU/mL) or infused with insulin and glucose (to approximately 75 microIU/mL), but insulin remained low (10 microIU/mL or less) when they were not fed. The increases in insulin were paralleled by gradual increases (P < 0.01) in leptin concentrations 3 to 4 h later in stallions fed or infused with insulin and glucose. When stallions were not fed, leptin concentrations remained low. These results demonstrate that feeding time, and more specifically the insulin increase associated with a meal, not cortisol rhythm, drives the postprandial increase in plasma leptin concentrations in horses.
Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media

Any solid or liquid that allows electromagnetic waves to penetrate an appreciable distance into it is known as a semitransparent medium. What constitutes an “appreciable distance” depends, of course, on the physical system at hand. If a thick film on top of a substrate allows a substantial amount of photons to propagate, say, 100 μm into it, the film material would be considered semitransparent. On the other hand, if heat transfer within a large vat of liquid glass is of interest, the glass cannot be considered semitransparent for those wavelengths that cannot penetrate several centimeters through the glass.
Leadership Learning: From the Classroom to the Boardroom

Learning can be classified into four approaches: behavioral, cognitive, social, and humanistic. These approaches offer a broad but often conflicting view about what constitutes learning. An alternative approach to learning focuses on practices rather than theoretical assumptions. Drawing on the emerging international field of management learning, we propose a pragmatic approach. Practices of learning are identified that constitute the foundation of learning-directed leadership.
Normal and Delayed Fracture Healing: Symphony and Cacophony

The incidence of any fracture in the US is estimated to be 2 704 fractures per 100,000 person-years. Approximately 10 percent of these fractures develop complications of healing. The processes that occur during fracture healing mimic the processes that take place in the growth plate during development. The study of fracture healing represents a window to enhance our understanding of the processes of growth and development of bones and its reparative biology. This review is aimed for clinicians evaluating non-unions as an overview of different factors that inhibit fracture healing.
Tidal triggering of earthquakes suggests poroelastic behavior on the San Andreas Fault

Abstract Tidal triggering of earthquakes is hypothesized to provide quantitative information regarding the fault's stress state, poroelastic properties, and may be significant for our understanding of seismic hazard. To date, studies of regional or global earthquake catalogs have had only modest successes in identifying tidal triggering. We posit that the smallest events that may provide additional evidence of triggering go unidentified and thus we developed a technique to improve the identification of very small magnitude events. We identify events applying a method known as inter-station seismic coherence where we prioritize detection and discrimination over characterization. Here we show tidal triggering of earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault. We find the complex interaction of semi-diurnal and fortnightly tidal periods exposes both stress threshold and critical state behavior. Our findings reveal earthquake nucleation processes and pore pressure conditions – properties of faults that are difficult to measure, yet extremely important for characterizing earthquake physics and seismic hazards.
Using Formal Task Analytic Models to Support User Manual Development: An LVAD Case Study:

Thousands of medical devices are employed to diagnose and treat human health problems each day. These devices can be complicated to use, maintain, and troubleshoot when alarm conditions occur. Patients often turn to the provided instructions for use (IFUs) for step-by-step guidance in alarm mitigation. Despite standards and guidance provided by standardization organizations and regulatory agencies to support user manual usability, inadequate IFUs may be contributing to adverse events. To address potential limitations of currently employed user manual design methods, we present a model-based approach to support user manual development. Our approach leverages formal task modeling, finite state automata, linear temporal logic (LTL) and symbolic model checking, all of which contribute individually and additively to our analysis. We demonstrate the value of our approach using a case study of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and a set of troubleshooting instructions from its patient handbook.
Visualizing the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia.

Abstract 228 [][1] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an iatrogenic complication of heparin therapy caused by antibodies that recognize the platelet chemokine, Platelet Factor 4 (PF4), complexed to heparin or to cellular glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The origin of the sentinel feature of HIT - high propensity for thrombosis in the setting of mild thrombocytopenia - remains undefined. We have shown previously that monocytes are particularly susceptible to activation by HIT antibody because unlike platelets, whose surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) consist almost entirely of chondroitin sulfates (CS), monocytes express heparan and dermatan sulfates that bind to PF4 with greater affinity. Therefore, antigenic complexes form at lower concentrations of PF4 on monocytes than on platelets and are more resistant to removal by exogenous heparin. We now provide 2 lines of visual evidence in support of this model of the prothrombotic state in HIT: 1) We demonstrate by scanning electron microscopy that spheroidal particles indicative of PF4/GAG complexes are present on the surface of human monocytes upon addition of PF4. 2) Thrombus formation has been visualized in a previously described murine HIT model involving the infusion of the HIT-like monoclonal antibody KKO into mice double-transgenic for human PF4 (hPF4+) and FcγRIIA receptor (FcγRIIA+) on their platelets. After KKO infusion, hPF4+/FcγRIIA+ mice developed vigorous and concurrent accumulation of HIT antigenic complexes and fibrin at sites of laser-induced endothelial injury, not present in similarly treated single transgenic mice. Accumulation of PF4 and fibrin at sites of injury was not increased by a polyclonal anti-hPF4 antibody that does not induce thrombocytopenia in hPF4+/FcγRIIA+ mice. Monocytes and/or monocyte microparticles accumulated at sites of laser-induced injury in KKO-infused hPF4+/FcγRIIA+ mice, but not in KKO-infused single transgenic mice or hPF4+/FcγRIIA+ mice infused with an isotype control, beginning 2.5 min after formation of HIT antigenic complexes and fibrin deposition, accumulating preferentially at the upstream end of developing thrombi. These results provide new insights into the potential role of monocytes in the prothrombotic sequelae of HIT. Antigenic complexes form on monocytes exposed to PF4 and accumulate in HIT antibody-induced thrombi. Monocytes appear to reinforce thrombus formation initiated by injured endothelial cells and activated platelets. Disclosures: Poncz: Diagnostica Stago: Patents & Royalties. [1]: #fn-2
Digital Impressions for Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses

With the advent of CAD/CAM systems in dentistry, digital impressions have become an integral part of the treatment workflow in implant dentistry. The purpose of this article is to review the current status of digital impression systems, their applications within the digital workflow in implant dentistry, and the literature related to clinical viability in terms of its efficiency, accuracy, and patient-centered factors. The accuracy of intraoral scanners is similar to that of conventional impression techniques for single-crown and short-span fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) implant restorations. Clinical adjustment times were found to be shorter for dental implant crowns that were fabricated through a digital workflow than through a conventional one. Patients overwhelmingly prefer digital impressions over conventional methods in clinical studies. Intraoral scanner systems are clinically viable tools for the taking of implant impressions, demonstrating comparable accuracy and improved efficiency as compared to conventional methods, when provided appropriate case selection. Conventional methods demonstrate better accuracy for full-arch cases and long-span FDPs. Due to the relative lack of clinical studies in this area, future investigative efforts should focus on in vivo investigation into the accuracy of digital implant impressions in a variety of clinical situations.
Bubble preforms for producing glass macroshells for inertial confinement fusion targets

This paper describes a technique for producing spherical gas bubbles in glass that can be used to make inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. A glass rod containing an irregularly shaped hole is heated to a temperature where the glass viscosity is low enough so that surface tension forms a bubble from the hole. Buoyancy forces drive the bubble upward in the glass rod as it becomes increasingly spherical. At the proper time, the rising bubble is decelerated and brought to a gradual stop by increasing the glass viscosity by slowly reducing the temperature. With the present technique, 3- to 6-mm-diam spherical bubbles with a distortion of 0.3% have been produced in Corning 7740 and Schott BK-7 glasses. Glass macroshells can be formed from the bubbles trapped in the glass by grinding the outside surface concentric with the highly spherical inner surface. These glass shells, which possess a high degree of geometrical perfection, should be adequate for ICF targets.
Semiconductor Superlattices and Quantum Wells through Development of Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Advances in superlattices and quantum wells are reviewed in conjunction with the development of molecular beam epitaxy.
Measuring Longshore Transport with Tracers

This chapter describes the results of experiments using sand tracers to measure the bedload response to forcing by waves and currents. Previous field studies of the longshore transport of sand have used wave arrays to measure the wave field and fluorescent sand tracer to measure the longshore transport of sand (e. g., Inman, Komar and Bowen, 1968; Komar and Inman, 1970). The former field procedures have been modified and improved to include arrays of pressure sensors and electromagnetic current meters and injections of dye in the water to measure the wave and current field. Fluorescently dyed sand is employed as a tracer to measure the motion of the sediment. The methods and assumptions involved in our use of sand tracer are detailed in Chapter 6B of this volume.
Introduction: Dissembling Disability in Early Modern English Drama

In 40 sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century plays, able-bodied characters counterfeit disability. In this introduction, Row-Heyveld contends that these plays constitute a distinct theatrical tradition. In spite of its popularity, the counterfeit-disability tradition has remained unnoted by scholars. This chapter accounts for that oversight and argues for the need to recognize this tradition as an important part of disability history and early modern drama. In identifying this tradition, Row-Heyveld seeks to recover some of the contexts of early modern disability, in particular the ways in which disability was (re)formed through the period’s discourses and practices of charity. Changing approaches to almsgiving led to increasing concerns about counterfeit disability, powering a feedback loop of performance and suspicion. These contexts provided fertile material for the theater, and the chapter surveys the multifaceted appeal of counterfeit disability for the early modern stage.
Distinct mechanisms of substrate selectivity in the DRE-TIM metallolyase superfamily: A role for the LeuA dimer regulatory domain

Abstract The use of modular domains in proteins affords nature a simple route to the diversification of protein function, but co-evolution between domains can complicate large-scale functional annotation. The LeuA dimer regulatory domain is primarily responsible for allosteric feedback inhibition of the enzymes isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) and citramalate synthase (CMS). In addition to this regulatory role, presence of the domain may also affect substrate selectivity in certain members of the enzyme family. To assess the role of the LeuA dimer regulatory domain in substrate selectivity, truncated versions of IPMS and CMS from Methanococcus jannaschii (MjIPMS and MjCMS, respectively) have been created that lack the LeuA dimer regulatory domain. In the case of MjIPMS, loss of the regulatory domain does not affect substrate selectivity, consistent with previous reports identifying conserved active site residues that play this role. Loss of the regulatory domain in MjCMS, however, results in increased functional promiscuity. Both truncated enzymes exhibit a shift in quaternary structure from tetrameric to monomeric forms as judged by size-exclusion chromatography. Kinetic isotope effects reveal that loss of the regulatory domain results in unique effects on catalysis with chemistry becoming more rate-determining in MjIPMS and less rate-determining in MjCMS. Finally, substitution of conserved active site residues in the promiscuous truncated MjCMS affect substrate selectivity while identical substitutions cause no changes in the wild-type enzyme. Overall, the data predicts a more complex role for the LeuA dimer regulatory domain in substrate selectivity through catalytic modulations rather than selectivity through differential binding as a result of extensive co-evolution between the catalytic and regulatory domains.
Redox regulation: Scaffolding H2O2 signaling

Peroxidases, rather than simply reducing H2O2 to water, also convey oxidation signals to proteins such as transcription factors. A new study reveals how a scaffold protein enables formation of a mixed disulfide between the peroxidase and a transcription factor.
Dual Site-Specific Antibody Conjugates for Sequential and Orthogonal Cargo Release

Antibody–drug conjugates utilize the antigen specificity of antibodies and the potency of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs for targeted therapy. However, as cancers and bacteria evolve to resi...
Sequential Insertion by an Extraordinarily Reactive (Cyclopentadienyl)cobalt Anion Complex.

The oxidation of ((C5H5)Co(CO)2)- by O2 forms the molecular anion (I) which displays extraordinary reactivity for a (formally) 17-electron metal anion complex that distinguishes it from simple metal carbonylates.
Public servant, silent servant: A call to action for advocacy training in public service settings.

Views on what is important in training for psychologists are evolving, reflecting a broadening understanding of the role psychologists can and should play in societal change. Since the development of the scientist-practitioner model after World War II, arguments around training have focused on the appropriate balance between training in the practice of psychology versus training in research related to psychology. Recent calls reflect more radical change to include an advocacy emphasis within the formal coursework of psychology doctoral programs, well articulated by Mallinckrodt, Miles, and Levy (2014) as the tripartite model of Scientist-Practitioner-Advocate. In this paper, we present the argument for expanding a model that incorporates advocacy training into clinical psychology internships and postdoctoral programs and describe why we believe voices for advocacy have been largely silent in public-sector clinical psychology training and practices. We outline how this may be accomplished in public sector training settings, and we articulate a call to action for public servants to speak out so their voice can ignite a passion for advocacy within public sector psychology service and training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Infusion of graphene quantum dots to modulate thermal conductivity and dynamic mechanical properties of polymers

Abstract Graphene quantum dots are small fragments of graphene that may be advantageous to transferring properties to polymers because of their small size, molecular like interactions, surface chemistry and ability to overcome dispersibility challenges in composite formation. Here, we begin the first thermal conductivity study with graphene quantum dots by revealing the thermal and mechanical properties of composites made by infusing graphene quantum dots into epoxy. We found that graphene quantum dots that have the capability to improve the toughness of epoxy by 260%, increase the thermal conductivity by 144%, increase the glass transition temperature by 10%, increase the storage modulus by 9%, and decrease damping by 45%. We anticipate graphene quantum dots infusion to be a starting point for creating more sophisticated polymer composites.
Mycorrhizal inoculation mitigates damage from an intermediate, but not severe, frost event for a cool-season perennial bunchgrass

Extreme cold events can damage plant tissues, altering growth and reproduction. Soil fungi may help plants tolerate environmental stressors, but the role these microbes play during episodes of seve...
Cutaneous Vasculitis and Central Nervous System Infarctions due to Varicella Zoster Virus Vasculopathy in an Immunocompromised Patient

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection commonly presents as varicella during childhood, and zoster, later in life. Here, we present a rare and interesting case of VZV infection that manifested with both cerebral and spinal infarctions and cutaneous vasculitis in the absence of a classic vesicular rash in an immunocompromised patient.
Conspiracy in the Time of Corona: Automatic detection of Covid-19 Conspiracy Theories in Social Media and the News

Rumors and conspiracy theories thrive in environments of low confidence and low trust. Consequently, it is not surprising that ones related to the Covid-19 pandemic are proliferating given the lack of any authoritative scientific consensus on the virus, its spread and containment, or on the long term social and economic ramifications of the pandemic. Among the stories currently circulating are ones suggesting that the 5G network activates the virus, that the pandemic is a hoax perpetrated by a global cabal, that the virus is a bio-weapon released deliberately by the Chinese, or that Bill Gates is using it as cover to launch a global surveillance regime. While some may be quick to dismiss these stories as having little impact on real-world behavior, recent events including the destruction of property, racially fueled attacks against Asian Americans, and demonstrations espousing resistance to public health orders countermand such conclusions. Inspired by narrative theory, we crawl social media sites and news reports and, through the application of automated machine-learning methods, discover the underlying narrative frameworks supporting the generation of these stories. We show how the various narrative frameworks fueling rumors and conspiracy theories rely on the alignment of otherwise disparate domains of knowledge, and consider how they attach to the broader reporting on the pandemic. These alignments and attachments, which can be monitored in near real-time, may be useful for identifying areas in the news that are particularly vulnerable to reinterpretation by conspiracy theorists. Understanding the dynamics of storytelling on social media and the narrative frameworks that provide the generative basis for these stories may also be helpful for devising methods to disrupt their spread.
Looking inward, outward, and forward : Exploring the process of transformative learning in teacher education for a sustainable future

Sustainability education plays a pivotal role in driving change in the present and shaping our global future. This study explores the process of transformative learning among 67 preservice elementary teachers (PSTs) enrolled in a sustainability science course by analyzing six assignments submitted throughout the semester. Using a combined deductive–inductive coding procedure guided by transformative learning theory, our analyses document how PSTs looked inward (e.g., thinking, feeling), outward (e.g., making connections, relating to others), and forward (e.g., taking action) toward building a sustainable future. During the course, all PSTs experienced a disorienting dilemma, the foundation upon which transformative learning takes place. However, few PSTs demonstrated higher-level perspective transformation. When imagining alternative futures, PSTs drew on limited exposure to sustainability-oriented curricula and practices at internship sites, and perhaps as a consequence, most PSTs reflected foremost on their own lifestyles and consumer actions as primary areas for transformation. Moreover, PSTs rarely viewed themselves as potential agents of collective, policy-directed, or collaborative change. Importantly, it was uncommon for PSTs to reflect on their potential role as agents of change as educators who can cultivate sustainability within their classrooms and through their students. Returning to the inward-, outward-, and forward-looking framework, this paper closes with several recommendations for improving the transformative potential of teacher education—particularly towards preparing PSTs to recognize and actualize their potential to influence both what sustainability science content is taught, how these curricula are addressed, and their role in the classroom as agents of societal transformation toward sustainability.
Implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign in Patients With Heart Failure: Gender-Specific Outcomes.

Background Limited data exist about the impact of gender-specific outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) who develop concomitant sepsis. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with HF who developed sepsis. Clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, development of cardiogenic shock (CS), pulmonary edema requiring urgent intravenous diuretics (IVD), acute kidney injury (AKI), length of stay (LOS), and 30-day HF-related readmission, were evaluated in men vs. women. Results This cohort of 618 patients includes 272 (44%) women with a mean age of 75±14 years. Coronary artery disease (p<0.0001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.0213), stage ≥ 3 chronic kidney disease (p<0.0001), and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (p=0.0015) were more prevalent in men. The implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (i.e., intravenous (IV) crystalloids in the first six hours) was more aggressive in women (p=0.0192). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality (p=0.2385) between men and women. After adjusting for HF types, women with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) developed more episodes of pulmonary edema requiring urgent IVD (p=0.0389), while men with HFpEF had more CS requiring inotropes (p=0.0400) and a longer LOS (p=0.0434). Conversely, women with HFrEF were most likely to develop CS requiring inotropes (p=0.0132). Conclusion Women with HF who developed sepsis receive a more aggressive implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign than men, leading to more pulmonary edema events in women with HFpEF and more cardiogenic shock in women with HFrEF. A cautiously tailored approach is desperately needed for patients with HF who develop sepsis.
Reproductive health needs of adolescent and young adult women with pediatric rheumatic diseases

The purpose of this study was to identify reproductive health knowledge gaps and topics that concern adolescent and young adult (AYA) women with pediatric rheumatic diseases and their parents. Data collection occurred in two cohorts. In the first cohort, young women (15–20 years old) with pediatric-onset rheumatic conditions and their parents were recruited from a single, academic pediatric rheumatology center. In the second cohort, young women (18–25 years old) with pediatric-onset rheumatic conditions were recruited from a national conference for families with pediatric rheumatic diseases. This resulted in 20 adolescents and young adults (18.3 ± 2.4 years old), and 7 parent focus group participants. Focus group leaders facilitated discussions centered on reproductive health topics that participants identified as important, their sources of knowledge, and preferences for patient education and ongoing follow-up. Data were summarized independently by 4 researchers to reduce potential bias and subsequently analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis. All participants, regardless of diagnosis, medication, current sexual activity, or current intention to have children, expressed concern about the effect of their rheumatic condition and medications on fertility, risks to mother and child during and after pregnancy, and obtaining safe and effective contraception. Additionally, some participants discussed the burden of disease and its potential impact on motherhood. Finally, participants raised concern around the effect of disease and medication on routine reproductive health care, such as menstrual cycles, feminine self-care, and preventive exams. Three themes emerged: 1) participants had been advised to avoid unplanned pregnancy, however reported receiving inadequate explanation to support this instruction, 2) participants conceptualized reproductive health as tied to rheumatic disease management and thus suggested ways to include family members in discussion, and 3) rheumatology practitioners were not considered a resource of reproductive health information. Young women and their parents reported dissatisfaction with the availability, quantity, and quality of reproductive health information they received, particularly when related to their pediatric-onset rheumatic disease. These findings provide an initial step in understanding the patient perspective of reproductive health in rheumatology, and how to address these concerns in the care of young women with rheumatic diseases.
Grassroots refugee community organizations: In search of participatory urban governance

Grassroots refugee community organizations (RCOs)—run by and for resettled refugees—are often small, informal, and financially unstable, and thus commonly forgotten in urban governance networks. Ne...
A Quantitative Metagenomic Sequencing Approach for High Throughput Gene Quantification and Demonstration with Environmental Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Comprehensive microbial risk assessment requires high-throughput quantification of diverse microbial risks in the environment. Current metagenomic next-generation sequencing approaches can achieve high-throughput detection of genes indicative of microbial risks but lack quantitative capabilities. This study developed and tested a quantitative metagenomic next-generation sequencing (qmNGS) approach. Numerous xenobiotic synthetic internal DNA standards were used to determine the sequencing yield (Yseq) of the qmNGS approach, which can then be used to calculate absolute concentration of target genes in environmental samples based on metagenomic sequencing results. The qmNGS approach exhibited excellent linearity as indicated by a strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.98) between spiked and detected concentrations of internal standards. High-throughput capability of the qmNGS approach was demonstrated with artificial Escherichia coli mixtures and cattle manure samples, for which 95 ± 3 and 208 ± 4 types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected and quantified simultaneously. The qmNGS approach was further compared with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and demonstrated comparable levels of accuracy and less variation for the quantification of six target genes (16S, tetO, sulI, tetM, ermB, and qnrS). IMPORTANCE Monitoring and comprehensive assessment of microbial risks in the environment require high-throughput gene quantification. The quantitative metagenomic NGS (qmNGS) approach developed in this study incorporated numerous xenobiotic and synthetic DNA internal standard fragments into metagenomic NGS workflow, which are used to determine a new parameter called sequencing yield that relates sequence base reads to absolute concentration of target genes in the environmental samples. The qmNGS approach demonstrated excellent method linearity and comparable performance as the qPCR approach with high-throughput capability. This new qmNGS approach can achieve high-throughput and accurate gene quantification in environmental samples and has the potential to become a useful tool in monitoring and comprehensively assessing microbial risks in the environment.
Impact of gender on treatment and survival of patients with esophageal cancer in the United States.

173Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is historically a male-predominant disease. Current available evidence on the impact of gender on clinical presentation and survival outcomes of EC is limited ...
Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease can restore dynamics of striatal networks

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is highly effective in alleviating movement disability in patients with Parkinson9s disease (PD). However, its therapeutic mechanism of action is unknown. The healthy striatum exhibits rich dynamics resulting from an interaction of beta, gamma and theta oscillations. These rhythms are at the heart of selection, initiation and execution of motor programs, and their loss or exaggeration due to dopamine (DA) depletion in PD is a major source of the behavioral deficits observed in PD patients. Interrupting abnormal rhythms and restoring the interaction of rhythms as observed in the healthy striatum may then be instrumental in the therapeutic action of DBS. We develop a biophysical networked model of a BG pathway to study how abnormal beta oscillations can emerge throughout the BG in PD, and how DBS can restore normal beta, gamma and theta striatal rhythms. Our model incorporates STN projections to the striatum, long known but understudied, that were recently shown to preferentially target fast spiking interneurons (FSI) in the striatum. We find that DBS in STN is able to normalize striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) activity by recruiting FSI dynamics, and restoring the inhibitory potency of FSIs observed in normal condition. We also find that DBS allows the re-expression of gamma and theta rhythms, thought to be dependent on high DA levels and thus lost in PD, through cortical noise control. Our study shows how BG connectivity can amplify beta oscillations, and delineates the role of DBS in disrupting beta oscillations and providing corrective input to STN efferents to restore healthy striatal dynamics. It also suggests how gamma oscillations can be leveraged to enhance or supplement DBS treatment and improve its effectiveness.
Moral Internalization: Current Theory And Research

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on psychological processes in moral internalization. Psychologists have long been intrigued with moral internalization because it epitomizes the age-old problem of how individuals come to manage the inevitable conflict between personal needs and social obligations. There is a theoretical disagreement that revolves around socialization experiences that are most likely to foster the internalization process. The chapter reviews the rather large body of pertinent research and evaluates it in relation to the guiding theoretical notions. Three broad categories are presented that encompass most of the research—parental discipline, identification and modeling, and cognitive disequilibrium. Consistency of moral behavior and the influence of the situation that does not deal directly with internalization but has a definite bearing on it are discussed in the chapter. Though limited in focus, the variety of research designs, measuring instruments, and theoretical concepts attest to the complex, multifaceted nature of moral internalization. Each approach appears to capture a part of reality and each hypothesis can claim some empirical support, though none has yet been subject to the crucial test.
Test Structure Basics

Electrical measurements are made either by directly contacting the test structure on a silicon wafer to the test equipment as shown in Fig. 2.1 or after dicing and packaging the test structure. The design of test structures is therefore closely coupled to the method of interfacing to the test equipment and the capabilities and limitations of the test equipment itself. Design and test efficiency is improved by standardizing the footprints of each class of test structures and maintaining a high degree of commonality among them. Many of the test structures for MOSFET and CMOS circuit characterization may be implemented at the first level of metal. During technology development and manufacturing, feedback from such test structures early in the process cycle can help reduce the fabrication cost of CMOS products. In this chapter, the essential elements of electrical test structures in CMOS technology are introduced. Special emphasis is placed on integrating the design effort with silicon area usage constraints and test requirements. The concepts presented here for achieving efficiency in design, data acquisition, and analysis are followed throughout the book.