cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inferring and Propagating Kinetic Parameter Uncertainty for Condensed Phase Burning Models

Kinetic parameters for serial pyrolysis reactions were calibrated from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data using Bayesian inference via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations assuming a serial reaction mechanism. Calibrations were performed for high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at heating rates of 3 K/min and 10 K/min. The resulting parameter inferences are probabilistic as opposed to the point estimates calibrated in previous studies and are visualized using posterior probability density functions (PDFs) generated by kernel density estimation (KDE). Correlations between the parameters are identified and discussed. In particular, it is clear that pre-exponential constants and activation energies for a given reaction have a strong positive correlation. It is hypothesized that the degree of overlap in the posterior PDFs might be a measure of model adequacy. Point-estimates of the kinetic parameters were made by finding the mode of the posterior PDFs. For HIPS, it was determined that a one-reaction pyrolysis model is most appropriate, and that the posterior modes for $$\log \left( A_1\right) $$ and $$E_1$$ are $$19.5\,\log (1/s)$$ and 292 kJ/mol, respectively, for the 3 K/min data. To evaluate the effect of kinetic parameter uncertainty on predictions of burning rate, samples from the posterior PDF were used to simulate gasification and cone calorimetry experiments using the fire dynamics simulator (FDS). In some cases, it was found that models with fewer parameters provided better predictions due to over-fitting associated with greater model complexity. Another important observation is that for the predictions of PVC cone calorimetry, the time to peak heat release rate can range from around 40 s to 180 s for a number of different kinetic parameter combinations that all fit the TGA data fairly well. It is argued that the proposed methodology is necessary for progress in modeling of condensed phase physics for fire problems as it supports both model validation and engineering predictions.
Increasing pulse wave velocity in a realistic cardiovascular model does not increase pulse pressure with age

The mechanism of the well-documented increase in aortic pulse pressure (PP) with age is disputed. Investigators assuming a classical windkessel model believe that increases in PP arise from decreas...
Principal component models for correlation matrices

SUMMARY Distributional theory regarding principal components is less well developed for correlation matrices than it is for covariance matrices. The intent of this paper is to reduce this disparity. Methods are proposed that enable investigators to fit and to make inferences about flexible principal components models for correlation matrices. The models allow arbitrary eigenvalue multiplicities and allow the distinct eigenvalues to be modelled parametrically or nonparametrically. Local parameterisations and implicit functions are used to construct full-rank unconstrained parameterisations. First-order asymptotic distributions are obtained directly from the theory of estimating functions. Second-order accurate distributions for making inferences under normality are obtained directly from likelihood theory. Simulation studies show that the Bartlett correction is effective in controlling the size of the tests and that first-order approximations to nonnull distributions are reasonably accurate. The methods are illustrated on a dataset.
Circuit Chautauqua program brochures: A study in social and intellectual history

An examination of the promotional brochures distributed by the chautauqua circuits between 1904–1932 illustrates how they reflected the social‐intellectual themes of the period and how they adapted to changing audiences and markets.
Latent infection of sensory ganglia with herpes simplex virus: efficacy of immunization

Mice were used to test the efficacy of active immunization in preventing latent infection of local sensory ganglia that follows inoculation of superficial epithelial surfaces with herpes simplex virus. Substantial but not complete protection was observed in animals immunized and challenged with herpes simplex virus type 1, but no protection was noted in animals immunized and challenged with herpes simplex virus type 2. Latent ganglionic infection can develop in immunized animals despite the presence of high titers of neutralizing antibody.
Paleoproterozoic crust within the Great Falls tectonic zone: Implications for the assembly of southern Laurentia

The Great Falls tectonic zone and the Vulcan structure both have been proposed as the site of a Paleoproterozoic suture between the Archean Hearne and Wyoming provinces. Both hypotheses remain viable because all Precambrian rocks composing the Vulcan structure and much of the Great Falls tectonic zone are buried beneath Phanerozoic cover. The primary exceptions to this are the mafic to felsic igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Little Belt Mountains (Montana), previously considered the northernmost exposures of the Wyoming province. New U-Pb zircon ages from the late kinematic Pinto diorite (207Pb/206Pb age: 1864 ± 5 Ma) and a gneissic unit intruded by the Pinto (207Pb/206Pb age: 1867 ± 6 Ma), however, confirm their Paleoproterozoic age. These rocks exhibit an overall calc-alkaline affinity and the depletion in high field strength elements typical of convergent margin environments. Whole-rock Sm-Nd data (initial epsilon of −1 to +4) and a lack of premagmatic zircons indicate that the magmas were principally derived from a depleted mantle source, not from older crust. These data suggest that at least some rocks within the Great Falls tectonic zone originated at a convergent margin that developed during the closure of an ocean basin along the northwestern margin of the Wyoming craton ca. 1.9 Ga.
Preparative isoelectric focusing of human serum very low-density and low-density lipoproteins.

Abstract Ten percent glycerol prevented the usual precipitation of human serum very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) at their isoelectric points during their preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF), IEF separated VLDL and LDL into two major fractions. The observed optical density peaks are not artifacts caused by binding of Ampholines to VLDL or LDL since no radioactivity accumulated in the fractions containing VLDL or LDL during IEF in the presence of [ 14 C]Ampholine, and gel filtration completely separated the lipoproteins from [ 14 C]Ampholine. These results suggest that IEF may separate subspecies of VLDL and LDL under suitable experimental conditions.
Comparison of the stimulus properties of a Pre- vs. a putative postsynaptic dose of quinpirole

Abstract Presynaptic D2-like receptors appear to mediate the stimulus properties of a low dose (0.05 mg/kg) of the D2-like agonist quinpirole (QUIN), because treatments decreasing dopamine (DA) release or blocking postsynaptic DA receptor activation produce QUIN-appropriate responding in a drug discrimination context, whereas treatments activating postsynaptic DA receptors evoke saline responding (28). This study examined the hypothesis that training to a presumably postsynaptic dose of QUIN (0.20 mg/kg) would produce the opposite pattern of effects. Using drug discrimination procedures, substitution for 0.05 mg/kg (28), but not 0.20 mg/kg QUIN, was produced by the D1 antagonist SCH23390, the catecholamine depleter alpha-methyl-paratyrosine and low doses of apomorphine (up to 0.25 mg/kg). The D2 agonist NPA substituted fully for 0.05 but only partially for 0.20 mg/ kg QUIN. Cocaine and d-amphetamine (alone or with SCH 23390) substituted only minimally for either QUIN training dose. The putative D3 agonist 7-OH-DPAT engendered primarily saline responding when substituted for 0.20 QUIN. The 0.20 QUIN stimulus was antagonized by the D2 blocker haloperidol and partially blocked by the D1 antagonist SCH 23390. These data show a clear difference in the mediation of the stimulus properties of a low (0.05 mg/kg) vs. a high (0.20 mg/ kg) dose of QUIN and are suggestive of a preferential postsynaptic D2 mediation of the 0.20 mg/kg QUIN dose.
The Southern Proper Motion Program. I. Magnitude Equation Correction

As with virtually all photographic plate material, the astrograph plates from which the Southern Proper Motion (SPM) catalog is being compiled suffer from magnitude-dependent systematic shifts in the image positions, i.e., a magnitude equation. If left uncorrected, these would adversely affect both the primary goals of the SPM catalog, the absolute proper motions, and the faint secondary reference frame. Using the diffraction-grating images present on the plates, a procedure is adopted that allows a spatially variant magnitude equation correction to be derived individually for each SPM plate. Application of the method to ~120 SPM fields, primarily around the south Galactic pole and the -30° and -35° declination zones, demonstrates its effectiveness. Indeed, the method proves superior, in the case of the SPM, to a direct calibration of the magnitude equation using the newly available Tycho Catalogue. The result of the diffraction-grating technique is final SPM positions and proper motions that are largely magnitude equation–free, as verified by numerous internal and external checks.
Social and Demographic Influences on Mothering Style in Pigtail Macaques

This study represents the first investigation of variability in mothering styles in pigtail macaques, Macaca nemestrina nemestrina. Fifteen group-living mother-infant pairs were focally observed during the first 12 wk of infant life and several measures of maternal and infant behavior were recorded. Variability in mothering styles occurred along the three dimensions of maternal protectivencss, rejection, and warmth. Maternal parity and aggression received by mothers were the best predictors of variability in protectiveness and warmth, whereas variability in rejection was not predicted by any of the variables considered. This study provides clear evidence that aggression towards mothers and previous maternal experience have an important influence on mothering styles in pigtail macaques.
Perceived participation restriction in middle-aged and older persons with schizophrenia

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine clinical characteristics associated with participation restriction in middle-aged and older persons with schizophrenia. Method Seventy-eight patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, ranging in age from 40 to 81 were included in the study. Participants completed an assessment consisting of sociodemographics, psychiatric symptom severity, depressive symptom severity, cognitive functioning, and participation restriction. Results A majority of patients reported experiencing participation restriction. Greater severity of participation restriction was predicted by more severe depressive symptoms, less severe general psychiatric symptoms, and better cognitive functioning. Together, these variables accounted for 45% of variance in participation restriction scores with depressive symptoms accounting for the largest proportion of variance. Participation restriction was not associated with age. Conclusions Participation restriction and depressive symptoms are related in individuals with schizophrenia; however, the direction of their relationship is unclear and requires further investigation.
Is there a urodynamic equivalence to anterior urethra in the male

Abstract To evaluate the role of the anterior urethra in the male in micturition dynamics, 9 patients with urethral strictures who were undergoing a two-stage Turner-Warwick urethroplasty were evaluated with flow and pressure flow measurements, pre- and post-second-stage urethroplasty. Any decrease in flow or increase in resistance after closure would suggest an anterior “urethral effect.” None was found, indicating that the anterior urethra in the male functions as an inert conduit
Hsp85 conformational change within the heat shock temperature range.

Abstract One of the major mammalian heat shock proteins, hsp85, aggregates extensively when heated in the presence of non-ionic detergents (J Cell. Physiol. 140: 601–607, 1989). The present study used intrinsic fluorescence and susceptibility to tryptic proteolysis to probe hsp85 conformation within the physiological and heat shock temperature ranges. Fluorescence intensity decreased and the emission spectrum was red-shifted (2.5 nm) as hsp85 was heated from 15° to 50°C. Upon heating in the absence of detergent, the red shift, monitored by the ratio of fluorescence emission at 330 nm to that at 350 nm, began at 38°–45°C with a transition midpoint at 45°–50°C, depending on the rate of temperature increase. This transition was masked by 1% n-octyl-O-glucoside — a detergent previously shown to promote aggregation. The spectral changes were not reversible upon cooling to 15°C. Susceptibility to proteolysis in the absence of detergent, measured by the degradation of characteristic large fragments, increased sharply between 40°C and 45°C. These findings suggest that hsp85 undergoes a major conformational change within the range of temperatures known to induce hsp synthesis. This change is consistent with partial unfolding which exposes additional sites to the aqueous environment and influences detergent binding.
On the Ethics of Management Research: An Exploratory Investigation

While there is an abundant academic literature on professional codes of ethics, there appears to be few devoted to assessing the compliance of management research with such codes. This article presents the results of applying the World Association for Public Opinion Research (WAPOR) Code of Professional Ethics and Practices to research articles based on probability sample surveys in the top three academic journals covering tour- ism, hospitality, and related fields. Four research questions are posed to focus application of the WAPOR Code to nearly 200 articles published in three recent years. Content analysis of these articles, documented by a measure of intercoder reliability, indicates that it is feasible for mul- tiple coders to accurately apply the WAPOR Code to such articles. None of the articles examined complied with all WAPOR standards, and fewer than half of them complied with half of the standards. Finally, we find that there is some difference among the three journals in compliance, but this difference is relatively small. In sum, there is very little compliance with ethical standards in the field of management research studied here.
Immune selection of equine infectious anemia virus env variants during the long-term inapparent stage of disease.

The principal neutralizing domain (PND) of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is located in the V3 region of SU. Genetic variation in the PND is considered to play an important role in immune escape and EIAV persistence; however, few studies have characterized genetic variation in SU during the inapparent stage of disease. To better understand the mechanisms of virus persistence, we undertook a longitudinal study of SU variation in a pony experimentally inoculated with the virulent EIAVWyo. Viral RNA isolated from the inoculum and from sequential sera samples was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and individual clones were sequenced. Of the 147 SU clones obtained, we identified 71 distinct V3 variants that partitioned into five major non-overlapping groups, designated PND-1 to PND-5, which segregated with specific stages of clinical disease. Genotypes representative of each group were inserted into an infectious molecular clone, and chimeric viruses were tested for susceptibility to neutralization by autologous sera from successive times post-infection. Overall, there was a trend for increasing resistance to neutralizing antibody during disease progression. The PND genotype associated with recrudescence late in infection was resistant to both type-specific and broadly neutralizing antibody, and displayed a reduced replication phenotype in vitro. These findings indicate that neutralizing antibody exerts selective pressure throughout infection and suggest that viral strategies of immune evasion and persistence change in the face of an evolving and maturing host immune response.
SU‐GG‐J‐31: Simultaneous Estimation of Beam Geometry and Radiation/Imaging Isocenter Coincidence in Cone‐Beam CT‐Guided Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To simultaneously characterize the geometric pose of an on‐board CBCTimaging system and measure the relative positions of the imaging and treatment machine radiation isocenters. Method and Materials: The method is based on an existing technique (Cho, et al, Med Phys 32(4), 968), which utilizes CBCT projections of a fiducial phantom to calculate the source and detector positions and orientations as a function of gantry angle. The algorithm was modified to localize the phantom pose relative to the kV source trajectory, and to transform beam geometry parameters from the phantom to imaging isocenter coordinate system. The method was applied to both CBCT and MV EPID projections acquired during the same imaging session without moving the phantom. The calculated positions of the phantom relative to the CBCT and EPID projection isocenters provide the relative displacement of the imaging and treatment isocenters. Two additional CBCTimaging experiments were then performed with the phantom displaced known distances. Results: Calculated CBCT geometric parameters were consistent over the three experiments, even with the phantom displaced from the machine isocenter by 10mm or misaligned with the gantry rotation axis by 1°. The CBCT beam parameters were close to nominal with small variations with gantry angle, with the exception of a 1 mm detector offset parallel to the gantry axis. Displacement of the CBCTimaging isocenter from the treatment isocenter was found to be (0.07, 1.24, 0.05 mm) in the (L‐R, A‐P, S‐I) direction. Conclusion: The method's output can assist in mitigation of geometric distortion‐related CBCTimage artifacts and simultaneously provides the imaging‐to‐treatment isocenter offset. Supported by NCI Grant P01 CA 116602
Clinical implications and added costs of incidental findings in an early detection study of lung cancer by using low-dose spiral computed tomography.

Abstract Introduction To prospectively evaluate the frequency and spectrum of incidental findings (IF) in a 5-year lung cancer screening program with low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) and to estimate the additional costs of their imaging workup incurred from subsequent radiologic follow-up evaluation. Materials and Methods A total of 519 asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled. All IFs were reported and were considered clinically relevant if they required further evaluations or with clinical implications if they required more than one additional diagnostic test for characterization or medical and/or surgical intervention. Results IFs were commonly found (59.2%, 307/519 participants at baseline and 5.3% per year at 5-year follow-up [123 participants of 2341 LDsCT exams performed during follow-up], with an overall rate of 26.3%). IFs were categorized as previously unknown clinically relevant in 52 (10.0%) individuals at baseline. Of these, 36 (6.9%) individuals had IFs with clinical implications (10 clinically relevant, of which 6 had clinical implications, detected during the subsequent 5-year follow-up). The most common recommendations were for additional imaging of the thyroid and kidneys. Additional imaging was mainly performed by ultrasound (43/68 [63.2%]). Subsequent surgical intervention resulted from these findings in 7 (1.5%) subjects. Six malignancies were diagnosed (rate, 0.2% per year). Costs of subsequent radiologic follow-up studies were calculated as €4644.56 [U.S. $6575.04] at baseline and €1052.30 [U.S. $1489.69] at 5-year follow-up (average added costs per participant €8.95 [U.S. $12.67] and €2.25 [U.S. $3.19], respectively). Conclusions Low-dose spiral CT commonly detects IFs. Some of these require further investigations to assess their clinical relevance. Although such IFs add little clinical benefit to the screening intervention, moderate incremental costs are incurred based on additional radiologic procedures generated during short-term follow-up, given the potential for positive effects on patient care.
Ecological impacts of the late Quaternary megaherbivore extinctions.

Summary As a result of the late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions (50 000–10 000 before present (BP)), most continents today are depauperate of megaherbivores. These extinctions were time-transgressive, size- and taxonomically selective, and were caused by climate change, human hunting, or both. The surviving megaherbivores often act as ecological keystones, which was likely true in the past. In spite of this and extensive research on the causes of the Late Quaternary Extinctions, the long-term ecological consequences of the loss of the Pleistocene megafauna remained unknown until recently, due to difficulties in linking changes in flora and fauna in paleorecords. The quantification of Sporormiella and other dung fungi have recently allowed for explicit tests of the ecological consequences of megafaunal extirpations in the fossil pollen record. In this paper, I review the impacts of the loss of keystone megaherbivores on vegetation in several paleorecords. A growing number of studies support the hypothesis that the loss of the Pleistocene megafauna resulted in cascading effects on plant community composition, vegetation structure and ecosystem function, including increased fire activity, novel communities and shifts in biomes. Holocene biota thus exist outside the broader evolutionary context of the Cenozoic, and the Late Quaternary Extinctions represent a regime shift for surviving plant and animal species.
Parties, ideology and elections: the politics of federal revenues and expenditures forecasting

Some scholars view problems in the accuracy of federal fiscal forecasts as being largely technical in nature .Others intimate that there may be a political component as well. This paper exlpores the relative merits of these two perspectives finding some support for each. Executive forecasts were found to be random with respect to direction of errors , error magnitudes increased in absolute terms over time , and revenues estimate error s tended to cluster in short bursts. Executive forecasting errors were also linked to presidential party , ideology and year in the election cycle.
Solid area fraction distribution of solid–liquid food mixtures during flow through a straight tube

The solid area fraction (areal porosity) distribution within a tube during continuous flow was determined experimentally. Cubes, rectangular prisms and cylinders (potato and green beans) at volume fractions of 30% and 50% in a 5% agar solution were tested. The flowing mixture was rapidly immobilized by cooling-induced gelation. Samples were then sliced to determine solids area fractions. Results of the solid fraction distribution showed a normal distribution. Increasing solid concentration flattened the distribution. The solid concentration was the only significant factor that affected both the area and flowing solid volume fraction. Solid volume fraction always was lower than solid area fraction. The aspect ratio and the shape effect were not statistically significant but they had slight effects on the mean and standard deviation. Rectangular solids exhibited lower solid area fraction and flattened the distribution more than cylinders at high solid concentration.
Effects of Immortalization upon the Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Rabbit Synovial Fibroblasts

Abstract Induction of stromelysin and collagenase mRNAs in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and autocrine factors (CAF) was compared in primary cultures of lapine synovial fibroblasts and an immortalized line of these cells known as HIG-82. In both cell types, message induction was quicker for CAF than for PMA. Appearance of both stromelysin and collagenase mRNAs occurred earlier in HIG-82 cells and, unlike primary cells, HIG-82 cells partially resisted inhibition by cycloheximide. To determine whether differences in AP-1 activity could account for these observations, the induction of c-fos and c-jun mRNAs was studied in conjunction with gel shift assays for AP-1 binding. Both inducers increased the abundance of c-fos mRNA, although the response was weaker in HIG-82 cells. However, the increase in c-jun mRNA was more marked in HIG-82 cells; furthermore, this increase was sustained for over 6 h. Gel shift assays confirmed that in both types of cells PMA and CAF increased AP-1 binding activity. In primary cells, this activity was sensitive to cycloheximide, but in HIG-82 cells, there was only partial sensitivity to cycloheximide. The gel shift analyses and data from experiments using an AP-1-CAT reporter construct revealed, in many cultures, constitutive AP-1 activity in the absence of stromelysin and collagenase expression, suggesting that AP-1 alone is insufficient for matrix metalloproteinase induction. Antisense oligonucleotides to c-fos and c-jun strongly inhibited the induction of stromelysin mRNA in primary cells treated with PMA, but was only weakly active against message induction in HIG-82 cells. In neither primary cells nor HIG-82 cells did antisense oligonucleotides strongly inhibit stromelysin induction in response to CAF. These data suggest there may exist an AP-1-independent route to message induction or that factors other than c-FOS and c-JUN may be used in certain circumstances. Western blot analyses detected no marked difference between HIG-82 cells and primary cells in their resting levels of c-FOS and c-JUN. Thus the differences reported here between HIG-82 cells and primary cells in the kinetics and cycloheximide sensitivity of MMP induction may reside in their abilities to modify posttranslationally the relevant transcription factors.
Computed and measured turbulence in axisymmetric reciprocating engines

The turbulent flowfield of a spark-ignition engine affects strongly the combustion characteristics of the engine. The flowfield depends on the design of the combustion chamber and the intake system. The present investigation is concerned with the effect of chamber design, and engine operating conditions on top dead center turbulence prior to ignition. It is shown that many of the trends which were identified in earlier studies can be obtained from a single model. The employed model takes into account a two-dimensional axisymmetric flowfield. Attention is given to governing equations, boundary and initial conditions, a comparison of the computed results with measurements, and the effect of swirl and squish.
An extensible and integrated software architecture for data analysis and visualization in precision agriculture

Recent technology advances in information technology and other engineering fields provide new opportunities for research and practices in precision agriculture. Using these technologies, field operators can collect voluminous data from a heterogeneous network of devices that provides real-time and multiple-factor measurement of field conditions with much finer granularity. A major challenge in precision agriculture today is how to analyze these data efficiently and use them effectively to improve farming decisions. We propose an extensible and integrated software architecture for data analysis and visualization in precision agriculture, with three distinctive features: (a) a meta-data-model-based data importation component capable of importing data in various formats from a variety of devices in different settings; (b) a data-flow-driven data processing subsystem in which a user can define his/her own data processing workflows and add custom-defined data processing operators for a specific application; (c) an overall architecture design following a client-server model that supports a variety of client devices, including mobile devices such as the Apple iPad. We implemented the software architecture in an open-source decision support tool for precision agriculture. The tool has been successfully used in a USDA-sponsored project on canopy management for specialty crops.
Bonding at Cu-Al interfaces: Relevance to microcircuit packaging

Abstract the nature of bonding interactions at Cu-Al interfaces is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Extended Huckel-type tight binding calculations were performed on a model for Al binding to a Cu (111) surface. Binding at a three-fold bridge site was most preferred, followed by binding at a two-fold bridge site, followed by binding directly atop a surface Cu atom. Cu-Al interactions at all sites are strongly attractive. These results suggest that the metals should form chemical bonds, even though the interface may be very well defined. Thus, any bonding technique which cleans the surfaces of oxides and allows intimate contact between the metals should produce strong, electrically conductive bonds. Interfacial bonding was probed experimentally by sectioning Cu samples to which Al wire had been ultrasonically bonded. After bonding, the sample was baked in vacuo to accelerate formation of intermetallic phases. The intermetallic phases were observed after only 2 h of annealing at 300°C.
Marriage in catholic thought: Toward a vocation of domesticity

This paper provides an overview of the meaning and place of marriage within the Roman Catholic tradition. A general explanation of the fundamental precepts of sacra‐mentality and spirituality are presented to provide social scientists and other family professionals an understanding of marriage in contemporary Roman Catholicism, Contemporary Catholic teachings have stressed that marital and family relationships constitute one of the primary means of actualizing the Christian vision because it is through this vocation of domesticity that one learns to respond to the needs of others.
Top management teams and corporate political activity: Do top management teams have influence on corporate political activity?

Abstract This study explores how senior executives affect firms' propensity to engage in political activity. I propose that firms' participation in the political process depends on their senior executives' involvement in political activity. I examine this framework using data on the campaign contributions of 151 U.S. manufacturing firms during the years 1999–2002. The results suggest that senior executives' involvement in a particular political activity affects their firms' commitment to that political activity, contingent on CEO tenure and top management team heterogeneity.
Herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis concurrent with known cerebral metastases

A 62-year-old woman developed neurologic deficits 7 months after pulmonary lobectomy for alveolar cell carcinoma of the lung. CT scan of the head demonstrated two metastases with marked peritumoral edema. Administration of Decadron, chemotherapy and 3,000 rad cranial radiation resulted in dramatic inprovement of dysphasia and right hand paresis. Almost 2 months later, rhythmic, involuntary movements of the left hand developed. There was progression to multifocal seizures, grand mal seizures, postictal depression, status epilepticus, and coma, with death 9 days after onset of the movement disorder. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma was widely disseminated in lungs and bones, and as three metastases in brain. Bland “ischemic” necrosis in a pseudolaminar pattern was present in the neocortex. Innumerable Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglia. Immunofluorescence demonstrated Herpes simplex virus type 2 antigen and electron microscopy revealed virions with the morphology of the Herpes group. The case is significant for (1) the concurrence of intracranial metastases and Herpes simplex encephalitis, and (2) the causal agent, Herpes simplex virus type 2. The implication for the clinical neurocientist is the potential in a patient with systemic cancer, for the causation of neurologic complications by more than one factor or mechanism.
The stability of embryonic chick thyroid cells in vitro as judged by morphological and physiological criteria.

Abstract The thyroid was selected to test stability of morphological and physiological characters in vitro. Glands of 16-day chick embryos were dissociated with trypsin and Versene to destroy tissue organization. Immediate reaggregation and culture at the air-medium interface gave evidence on the ability of the cells to form these characters: follicles, colloid, and hormones plus precursors. Further disorganization was accomplished by culturing the suspensions as sheets in glass bottles, and differentiation was again tested by reaggregation and culturing at the air-medium interface. Colloid was stained for glycoprotein with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and iodinated compounds were separated chromatographically and visualized with the ceric sulfate-arsenious acid reagent. Aggregates of freshly dissociated cells formed new follicles, colloid, and hormone. Spreading cells lost only follicular organization and thyroxine but not intracellular glycoprotein and hormone precursors. These characters did not return upon reaggregation, nor when TSH was added to the aggregate nutrient medium. TSH did, however, increase the rate of glycoprotein formation in both types of aggregates. On the other hand, the combination of spreading thyroid fibroblasts and epithelial cells into the same aggregate resulted in the formation of some follicles and large amounts of extracellular colloid, but still no thyroxine. The significance of the results for the concept of cell stability is discussed.
Antiestrogen Modulation of the Salt-Resistant Nuclear Estrogen Receptor*

Studies were performed in vivo to determine the ability of the antiestrogen U-11.100A (UA) to modulate the binding of the estrogen receptor to uterine nuclei. UA (100 μg) injected at 30, 60, or 120 min into immature female rats arrested the rapid estradiol receptor complex (ERC) clearance from the nuclei after the 1-h accumulation which normally occurs after a single 5-μg injection of 17β-estradiol (E2). The UA receptor complex was then accumulated in the nuclei and retained for at least 48 h. As there is no indication that there is any significant replenishment of the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor within the first 12 h after a UA (100 μg) injection or after an E2 (5 μg) injection followed by a subsequent UA (100μg) injection at 30, 60, or 120 min, the UA appears to be recapturing estrogen receptors initially translocated to the nuclei. However, by 24 h after a UA injection, there is replenishment of the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor, and subsequent E2 injections at this time will cause the nuclear transl...
Analyzing Preventive Trials with Generalized Additive Models

Described a new class of nonparametric regression procedures called generalized additive models (Hastie and Tibshirani, 1991) for assessing intervention effects in mental health preventive field trials. Such models are often better than analysis of covariance models for examining intervention effects adjusted for one or more baseline characteristics and for assessing potential interactions between the intervention and baseline characteristics. Because of these advantages, generalized additive models are important tools analysts should consider in evaluating preventive field trials. We apply generalized additive models as well as more standard linear models to data from a preventive trial aimed at improving mental health and school performance outcomes through a universal intervention in first and second grades. Practical guidance is given to researchers regarding when generalized additive models would be beneficial.
Mongolian Music, Dance, and Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities

This book celebrates the power of music, dance, and oral narrative to create identities by imaginatively connecting performers and audiences with ethnic and political groupings, global and sacred landscapes, histories and heroes, spirits and gods. Three distinct cultural eras of Mongolian society are represented. Many Mongols are now performing publicly the diverse traditions of Old Mongolia that they practised in private following the communist revolution of 1921; some are perpetuating the Soviet transformations of those traditions introduced prior to 1990; and yet others are dipping their curly-toed boots into new performance arts as they revel in musical encounters on the global stage. By highlighting the sheer variety of repertories, this book illustrates the rich diversity of Mongolia's peoples and performance arts. An accompanying compact disc contains musical examples linked to the text. Carole Pegg is ethnomusicology editor for the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians and associate lecturer in social anthropology at the University of Cambridge, England. As an ethno-musicologist and musician she has been working with nomadic groups in remote areas of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China, and with urban Mongols in both countries since 1987. She has also toured with Mongol musicians in England and Hong Kong.
Environmental aesthetics and the dynamic object

In this paper, I lay out a case for why those objects of aesthetic attention which are principally characterized as natural objects should be understood not statically, as existing in merely a three-dimensional fixed state, but as dynamic, as existing in a space-time context, complete with change, movement, and flux. After this, I explain why this is important, how the dynamic nature of natural objects raises a concern for aesthetically evaluating natural objects, and how that concern may be addressed.
Four-square sprocket test machine

Abstract A 4-square sprocket test machine was built to obtain load vs cycle life data for various chain and sprocket geometry and material combinations. Sprockets were evaluated at various rotational speeds and chain loads that provided accelerated failures. Instrumentation on the machine recorded total sprocket cycles and a sensing switch automatically shut-off the machine when a failure occurred in the sprocket-chain system. Failure was defined as the point at which the chain-sprocket system ceased to function normally. In this paper, the 4-square sprocket test machine is described, preliminary load-cycle life results are given, and an SEM study of failed sprockets is presented.
Imaging receptors by autoradiography: computer-assisted approaches.

Abstract Receptor autoradiography is one of the first fields where ‘desktop’ computer-assisted image analysis has been applied. Less than 10 years ago, the first image analysis systems were commercially marketed. Improvements on these early systems have been substantial and there are currently a wide variety of systems available for investigators. These systems dramatically reduce the time required for analysis, improve accuracy and increase the willingness to work in these areas. New techniques allowing autoradiography without emulsion will further expand opportunities for image analysis. While great strides have been made, significant affordable improvements are likely in the near future.
Selective fluorination of dispiro[3.1.3.1]decan-5,10-dione by diethylaminosulfurtrifluoride to give 10,10-difluorodispiro[3.1.3.1]decan-5-one and 5,5,10,10-tetrafluorodispiro[3.1.3.1]decane

Abstract Dispiro[3.1.3.1]decan-5,10-dione was selectively difluorinated at room temperature by diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) to give 10,10-difluorodispiro[3.1.3.1]decan-5-one. The latter was reduced to 5,5-difluorodispiro[3.1.3.1]decane and also reacted with excess DAST to give 5,5,10,10-tetrafluorodispiro[3.1.3.1]decane. Proton and fluorine magnetic resonance studies on 5,5-difluorodispiro[3.1.3.1]decane did not show significant cross-ring coupling (
ENHANCED POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER WITH SURFACE ATTACHMENT

Abstract A pool boiling experiment with either water or Freon-113 was conducted to investigate nucleate boiling from a heated wall with either a spherical or a cylindrical attachment. The result revealed that nucleate boiling can be enhanced by applying a horizontal cylindrical attachment to a vertical heated wall, owing to the favorable thermal environment characterized by a small-gradient liquid temperature profile within the restricted regions between the attachment and the heated wait. Nucleate boiling is enhanced in terms of a lower wall superheat required for incipient boiling and more bubbles generated than from an open heated wall. As a result of the enhanced nucleate boiling, heal transfer of the vertical heated wall above the attachment was improved due to excessive bubbles moving upward along the heated wall, causing removal of the thermal layer near the wall and evaporation of the thin liquid film between the bubbles and the wall. The boiling curve hysteresis with Freon-113 was significantly r...
3,3'-Diiodothyronine concentrations in hospitalized or thyroidectomized patients: results from a pilot study.

Objective: To determine if various medical conditions affect the serum concentrations of 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2).Methods: A total of 100 patients who were recruited from a group of inpatient...
Autoradiography of penetration of [14C]mannitol into Cosmarium botrytis cells and protoplasts.

Abstract Mannitol labelled with 14C, penetrated within 24 h, into vegetative cells of the desmid Cosmarium botrytis and into cells plasmolyzed with 0.4 M mannitol and within 6 h into protoplasts prepared by incubation in 0.4 M mannitol and 2.5% cellulysin. As determined by autoradiography of 2 μm thick sections, the labelled mannitol was found in all areas of the cytoplasm except the nucleus and the pyrenoids.
Electron microscopic evidence of a cellular attachment between junctional epithelium and dental calculus.

Following scaling, the gingiva of rhesus monkeys was maintained in a state of clinical normalcy by single daily intra-oral swabs with 2 % chlorhexidine gluconate, supplemented by toothbrushing and interdental cleansing with toothpicks three times per week. Chance findings in 2 animals, one maintained for 3 months on this regimen, the other for only 3 weeks followed by a period of 12 days without oral hygiene, revealed that under these circumstances, the junctional epithelium is able to form an attachment to a calculus mass which contained morphologically recognizable bacterial cells. Electron microscopy revealed that this attachment was mediated through a dental cuticle, a basement lamina and hemidesmosomes. The ultrastructure of the epithelial attachment to calculus was indistinguishable from that which exists between junctional epithelium and various tooth surfaces. These results may be due to the inhibiting effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on plaque formation and possibly a concomitant lowering of the toxicity of calculus.
Holistic design parameter optimization of multiple periodic resources in hierarchical scheduling

Hierarchical scheduling of periodic resources has been increasingly applied to a wide variety of real-time systems due to its ability to accommodate various applications on a single system through strong temporal isolation. This leads to the question of how one can optimize over the resource parameters while satisfying the timing requirements of real-time applications. A great deal of research has been devoted to deriving the analytic model for the bounds on the design parameter of a single resource as well as its optimization. The optimization for multiple periodic resources, however, requires a holistic approach due to the conflicting requirements of the limited computational capacity of a system among resources. Thus, this paper addresses a holistic optimization of multiple periodic resources with regard to minimum system utilization. We extend the existing analysis of a single resource in order for the variable interferences among resources to be captured in the resource bound, and then solve the problem with Geometric Programming (GP). The experimental results show that the proposed method can find a solution very close to the one optimized via an exhaustive search and that it can explore more solutions than a known heuristic method.
Influence of the bisphenol structure on the direct synthesis of sulfonated poly(arylene ether) copolymers. I

New sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers with high molecular weights were successfully synthesized with controlled degrees of disulfonation of up to 70 mol % via the direct copolymerization of sulfonated aromatic dihalides, aromatic dihalides, and one of four structurally distinct bisphenols. The disodium salts of the 3,3′-disulfonated-4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and 3,3′-disulfonated-4,4′-difluorodiphenyl sulfone comonomers were synthesized via the sulfonation of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone or 4,4′-difluorodiphenyl sulfone with 30% fuming sulfuric acid at 110 °C. Four bisphenols (4,4′-bisphenol A, 4,4′-bisphenol AF, 4,4′-biphenol, and hydroquinone) were investigated for the syntheses of novel copolymers with controlled degrees of sulfonation. The composition and incorporation of the sulfonated repeat unit into the copolymers were confirmed by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Solubility tests on the sulfonated copolymers confirmed that no crosslinking and probably no branching occurred during the copolymerizations. Tough, ductile films were solvent-cast that exhibited increased water absorption with increasing degrees of sulfonation. These copolymers are promising candidates for high temperature proton-exchange membranes in fuel cells, which will be reported separately in part II of this series. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2264–2276, 2003
Gender and cash child support in Jamaica

Nonresident parents pay a small proportion of the total pecuniary costs of raising children in Jamaica. This paper uses household survey data to identify conditions that promote cash support by absent parents. The paper highlights several ways in which gender influences Jamaican child support decisions. Absent fathers contribute cash support more consistently than absent mothers do, and absent fathers support their daughters more consistently than they support sons. Gendered norms of resource transfer in adult relationships help explain low levels of paternal support for children. But results from Jamaica cast doubt on the argument that male poverty explains most paternal default on child support obligations.
One-dimensional strings, random fluctuations, and complex chaotic structures

Abstract The effect of random fluctuations on the set of equations resulting from coupling 200 points with one-dimensional maps is studied. This dynamical system exhibits a spatial exponential growth in fluctuations, resulting in a complex chaotic structure. The system suggests a closer look at stability in complex systems.
Frictional Behaviors of Some Nitrogen Ceramics in Conformal Contact with Tin Coated Al-Si Alloy, Steel and MMC

The frictional behavior of certain nitrogen-containing ceramics, such as silicon nitride, alpha sialons, and beta sialons as journal materials were studied in conformal contact with a tin-coated Al-Si alloy (Al-Si/Sn), forged 1141 steel and a cast aluminum matrix composite with silicon carbide reinforcement (cast MMC) as bearing materials while lubricated with SAE WW30. A case-hardened 1016 steel was also tested with the Al-Si/Sn and cast MMC bearings under the same conditions. The friction values of the ceramic and the steel journal wear pairs were compared and their frictional behaviors were evaluated. Silicon nitride and one of the beta sialons exhibited higher load-supporting capacities than the others when they were in contact with the 1141 steel bearings. The journal surface roughness was found to be very important when the journals were in contact with the Al-Si/Sn bearings. The frictional behavior of the ceramics and cast MMC pairs and the steel and cast MMC pairs were controlled by different wear...