cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacteria & Surprising Chemistry

I did graduate work with a chemistturned-biologist and that long-ago association still influences my scientific interests. I still tend to gravitate toward biochemistry, and so it's not surprising that, in addition, I gravitate toward microbiology, and bacteria in particular. I think that for interesting chemistry, you just can't beat bacteria. And with so much attention today on the molecular basis of bacterial activities, there is more than enough research being done to satisfy my chemical curiosity. One item I came across recently reports on researchers in California who have found that there are bacterial enzymes that break down the shells of diatoms (Bidle & Azam 1999). Previously, it was assumed that diatom shells were of no nutritional value, that physicalchemical processes alone were responsible for their destruction (Smetacek 1999). But when natural assemblages of marine bacteria were added to diatom colonies, the dissolution of the shells increased dramatically. A similar effect was produced when proteases were added, suggesting that bacterial enzymes attack the protein coating on the shells. These experiments point to an important role for bacteria in the oceanic biogeochemical cycles of silicon and carbon, because diatoms play a significant role in marine ecology.
Sexual Goals-Plans-Actions: Toward a Sexual Script in Marriage

This study introduces a sexual script in heterosexual marriage, based on interviews with 12 married women and 13 married men. The qualitative data analysis revealed a two-phase sexual script, beginning with priming messages and culminating in synchronizing messages. Synchronizing messages took one of three forms—in-synch, token acceptance, or out-of-synch. In-synch messages showed alignment between an initiation message and an acceptance message such that a sexual episode occurred. Token acceptance messages, made by women, conveyed compliance with a sexual episode despite low desire. Out-of-synch messages rejected an initiation message.
Surgical evaluation and management of the cardiac patient.

The roles are discussed which must be played by the internist, the anesthesiologist and the surgeon in the evaluation and management of the cardiac patient undergoing surgery. The importance of teamwork is stressed, and the various factors influencing the success of the operative procedures are enumerated in detail.
Application Perspective of Aripiprazole in Treatment of Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome is a serious type of tic disorders.It has not only diversity tic behaviors,but also many physiological and behavior obstacles.Because the medicine which is used in Tourette syndrome has been limited until now,aripiprazole will present new therapy perspective.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2011,26(6): 455-457
Transanal TATA/TME: a case-matched study of taTME versus laparoscopic TME surgery for rectal cancer.

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has always made more sense in the colorectal field where the target organ for entry houses the pathology. To address the question whether an adequate total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer can be performed from a transanal bottoms-up approach, we performed a case-matched study. Starting in 2009, transanal TME (taTME) surgery was selectively used for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and prospectively entered into a database. Between March 2012 and February 2014, 17 consecutive taTME rectal cancer patients were identified and case-matched to multiport laparoscopic TME (MP TME) based on age, body mass index, uT stage, radiation dose, level in the rectum, and procedure. Perioperative outcomes, morbidity, mortality, local recurrence, completeness of TME, and radial and distal margins were analyzed. Statistically significant differences were identified using Student’s t test. There were 12 transanal abdominal transanal (TATA)/5 abdominoperineal resection procedures in each group. Data regarding overall/taTME/MP TME are as follows: % positive-circumferential margin: 2.9/0/5.9 % (p = 0.32). Distal margin: 0/0/0 %. Complete or near-complete TME: 97.1/100/94.1 % (p = 0.32). Incomplete TME 2.9/0/5.9 % (p = 0.32). Local recurrence: 2.9/5.9/0 % (p = 0.32). There were no perioperative mortalities. Morbidity in each group: 26.4/23.5/29.4 % (p = 0.79). There were no differences in perioperative or postoperative outcomes except days to clear liquids (1/2 days, p = 0.03) and largest incision length (1.3/2.6 cm, p = 0.05). We demonstrated no differences in perioperative/postoperative outcomes or pathologic TME outcomes of transanal or bottoms-up TME compared to standard laparoscopic TME. TaTME is a promising progressive approach to NOTES and deserves additional evaluation.
Regulatory Roles of Dclk1 in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells

The identification of functionally relevant subpopulations of therapy-resistant cancer cells is a challenge. These cells, intrinsically resistant to conventional therapy, can cause recurrence. Evidence has suggested that therapyresistant cancer cells are likely epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) cells and/or stem-like cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). EMT, a normal embryological process that converts epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, is frequently activated during cancer development and progression. CSCs are a small subpopulation of cancer cells within a tumor mass that have the ability to self-renew and maintain tumor-initiating capacity by giving rise to heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the whole tumor. Although the origin of CSCs and EMT cells remains to be fully explored, a growing body of evidence has indicated that the biology of EMT and CSCs is strongly linked. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a cancer stem cell marker, is functionally involved in maintaining cancer stemness and the process of EMT important for cancer initiation, cancer metastasis, and secondary tumor formation. Therefore, targeting these cells may provide new strategies to overcome tumor heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance, and cancer relapse. In this review, we will provide a potential mechanistic link between EMT induction and the emergence of CSCs for the origin and progression of cancer. We will highlight the functional activity of DCLK1 in supporting EMT and cancer cell self-renewal, which will lead us to a better understanding of DCLK1 expression in cancer development and progression, and help us to develop targeted therapies for effective cancer treatment.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Diagnosis and Treatment

A coherent understanding of the genesis of the acidemia and hyperglycemia of DKA can be gained from considering the roles of hepatic and peripheral tissues in the production and utilization of glucose and ketones. Unless these mechanisms are appreciated, even the best-implemented protocol for the correction of the metabolic derangements may be ineffective.
The nature of posttuboplasty pelvic adhesions as determined by early and late laparoscopy

This study evaluates the gross and histologic difference between adhesions found in early laparoscopy (4 to 16 weeks afer surgery), compared with laparoscopy at approximately 18 months after the original tubal operation. Sixty-one patients who had undergone similar surgical procedures for infertility were evaluated. Forty-one patients underwent late laparoscopy, and 20 underwent early laparoscopy. Postoperatively, 60% of the early laparoscopy patients had filmy avascular adhesions, whereas 63% of the late laparoscopy patients had thicker, neovascular adhesions. This allows us to conclude that the adhesions immediately postoperatively are histologically different from those appearing a longer time after the original operation.
Lukács’ Dialectic: Reflection of Chaos in Internality

The term ‘dialectic’ stems from the Greek dialegein. Legein means to ‘talk’, ‘to collect’, ‘to explain’. Dia means ‘through’, ‘division’, ‘apart’, ‘separate’. Translated liberally, dialegein could then mean ‘divisive talk’, ‘to collect what is separate’, which brings out the destructive-constructive elements of the dialectic.
My So-Called Shakespeare: Mourning the Canon in the Age of Postpatriarchal Multiculturalism, or the Shakespeare Pedagogue as Loser

Political critics have tended to assume that the popularization of Shakespeare will contribute to a critique of capitalism, American imperialism, and, eventually, a progressive social transformation.1 The present displacement of a literary Shakespeare, the author of canonical plays and poems, by “Shakespeares”, the representations, performances, and author-functions, and the broader displacement of literary by cultural studies has been regarded by cultural critics as a means of renewing interest in the plays and of multiplying audiences for recodings of them. The Shakespearean or cultural critic also tends to assume that he or she can include all reproductions in the database of Shakespeare studies and that he or she can adopt both low and high positions inside and outside of academia, can both get all the elite in-jokes and appreciate the general view, can work through the contradictions between these positions to make possible new subjectivities and open up new kinds of oppositional, dissident readings. The hip and the politically radical go together in this account. A corollary assumption is that Shakespeare reproductions, Shakespeare cultural criticism, and youth culture are all mutually interpenetrating subcultures: everyone can see, or with some instruction can be brought to see, Shakespeare in the same subversive way (Sinfield 1995).
In Patients with Carotid Artery Dissection, Is Stenting Superior to Open Repair to Improve Clinical Outcomes?

Carotid artery dissection is a rare but potentially devastating entity. Clinical sequale can include stroke, cranial nerve dysfunction, carotid stenosis, and pseudoaneurym formation. Anticoagulation is the mainstay of treatment, but in patients who fail anticoagulation or have contraindications to anticoagulation, surgical therapy is often considered. Open surgical repair had historically been the traditional therapy of choice, but percutaneous therapy with stent placement has become increasingly commonplace. No randomized trials exist regarding optimal surgical management of carotid artery dissection. Current literature supports both open and endovascular treatment as safe and effective for carotid artery dissection.
Between Tikkun Olam and Self-Defense: Young Jewish Americans Debate the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

In this study, we examined processes associated with ingroup members’ break from their ingroup and solidarity with the outgroup. We explored these processes by observing the current dramatic social change in which a growing number of young Jewish Americans have come to reject Israel’s treatment of the Palestinians. We conducted a yearlong participant observation and in-depth interviews with 27 Jewish American college students involved in Israel advocacy on a college campus. Findings suggest that Jewish Americans entering the Jewish community in college came to learn about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through a lens of Jewish vulnerability. A bill proposed by Palestinian solidarity organizations to divest from companies associated with Israel (part of the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions or BDS movement) was also interpreted through the lens of Israel's vulnerability. As the college’s Student Union debated the bill, a schism emerged in the Jewish community. Some Jewish students who had a strong sense of their Jewish identity and grounded their Judaism in principles of social justice exhibited a greater openness to the Palestinian narrative of the conflict. Understanding of Palestinian dispossession was associated with the rejection of the mainstream Jewish establishment’s unconditional support of Israel. Moreover, dissenting Jewish students were concerned that others in the campus community would perceive them as denying the demands of people of color. We discuss our observations of the process of social change in relation to social science theories on narrative acknowledgment and collective action.
Discovery of Aquaporin-1 and Aquaporin-4 Expression in an Intramedullary Spinal Cord Ependymal Cyst: Case Report.

Background Intramedullary ependymal cysts of the spinal cord are rare, benign, fluid-filled cysts usually situated along the ventral surface of the spinal cord. Only 32 cases have been reported since they were first described. Thus, owing to the rarity at which these cysts are encountered, their management and pathogenesis remain controversial. Whereas some investigators have advocated for cystosubarachnoid shunt placement for symptomatic ependymal cysts, others have argued for complete cyst resection or simple fenestration. Here we report the case of a 56-year-old female with a T11–T12 ependymal cyst that was successfully managed with cyst fenestration. We further investigated a potential pathological mechanism of cyst formation by performing immunohistochemistry to detect aquaporin expression in the cyst lining. Case Description A 56-year-old female was found to harbor an enlarging cystic lesion of the conus that was discovered on workup of progressive paraparesis and urinary incontinence. She had lower extremity weakness and progressive myelopathy. Thoracic laminectomy with cyst fenestration arrested her neurologic deterioration. Pathological analysis revealed an intramedullary ependymal cyst. Immunohistochemistry was subsequently performed for expression of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4. There was dense staining of the underlying neuropil with concurrent membranous staining pattern of the cyst lining. Conclusions Intramedullary ependymal cysts are rare, cystic lesions of the spinal cord. Early cyst fenestration decompresses the cyst and prevents neurologic deterioration. Here we report for the first time that aquaporins are expressed in the cyst wall, which is consistent with a passive, osmotic pathogenic mechanism of cyst formation.
Magnetic Hammer Actuation for Tissue Penetration Using a Millirobot

Untethered magnetic navigation of millirobots within a human body using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner is a promising technology for minimally invasive surgery or drug delivery. Because MRI scanners have a large static magnetic field, they cannot generate torque on magnetic millirobots and must instead use gradient-based pulling. However, gradient values are too small to produce forces large enough to penetrate tissue. This letter presents a method to produce large pulsed forces on millirobots. A ferromagnetic sphere is placed inside a hollow robot body and can move back and forth. This movement is created by alternating the magnetic gradient direction. On the posterior side, a spring allows the sphere to change direction smoothly. On the anterior side, a hard rod creates a surface for the sphere to impact. This impact results in a large pulsed force. The purpose of this study was to understand the functioning of magnetic hammer actuation and control, as well as demonstrate the viability of this mechanism for tissue penetration. This letter begins with modeling and simulating this system. Next, different control strategies are presented and tested. The system successfully penetrated lamb brain samples. Finally, preliminary tests inside a clinical MRI scanner demonstrate the potential of this actuation system.
Adapting Leadership Styles to Reflect Generational Differences in the Academy.

The topic of adapting one’s leadership style is controversial and can generate great debate. When one considers adapting one’s leadership style, the question of authenticity often bubbles to the surface. This is even more compelling in the context of generational differences in our society and workforce. How can faculty members be effective if they refuse to adapt their leadership style to students’ learning styles and generational characteristics? Leadership development is an ongoing focus for the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) to prepare faculty for roles as future leaders in higher education while a major redistribution of generations is occurring within the workforce. These generations are molded by many factors, including the economy, significant events, technology, and education. As experienced leaders, we affirm that one’s leadership styles must be honed over time and adapted to reflect generational differences in academic pharmacy among colleagues, students, alumni, and stakeholders, including patients. Current and future leaders need further education and development so that their awareness of generational characteristics prepares them to adapt their leadership styles to more effectively engage and lead people of any generation.
A Study on Passage Re-ranking in Embedding based Unsupervised Semantic Search

State of the art approaches for (embedding based) unsupervised semantic search exploits either compositional similarity (of a query and a passage) or pair-wise word (or term) similarity (from the query and the passage). By design, word based approaches do not incorporate similarity in the larger context (query/passage), while compositional similarity based approaches are usually unable to take advantage of the most important cues in the context. In this paper we propose a new compositional similarity based approach, called variable centroid vector (VCVB), that tries to address both of these limitations. We also presents results using a different type of compositional similarity based approach by exploiting universal sentence embedding. We provide empirical evaluation on two different benchmarks.
On Using the Computer to Teach the Use of Computer Programs

Abstract A technique is presented for using command files or macros as instructional tools to assist those who are learning to use complex computer programs. Comments can be imbedded in the command files and included in the displays to guide the user. Samples of such materials prepared for the Cambridge Linear Analysis and Design Program are included.
Characteristic Strip Equations

This chapter describes the concept of characteristic strip equations applicable to some partial differential equations in two independent variables. The method appears to be a generalization of the method of characteristics, but it can be derived from that method. Given the partial differential equation F ( x , y , u , p , q ) = 0, where p = ux , q = uy , the procedure involves searching for a solution u = u ( x , y ). The technique is to solve a system of “strip equations.” These equations are also called Charpit's equations, and this method is sometimes called the Lagrange–Charpit method. This technique works even when the original equation is not quasi-linear.
New Generation BCG Vaccines

Bacille de Calmette et Guerin (BCG) was attenuated from a virulent strain of Mycobacterium bovis a century ago and has since been administered as an anti-tuberculosis (TB) vaccine to more than four billion people, making it the most widely used vaccine of all time. Although BCG provides significant protection against disease and death due to childhood and disseminated forms of TB, the efficacy of BCG against adult, pulmonary disease is inconsistent. Thus, despite near universal vaccination with BCG in TB endemic areas, TB remains a heavy burden worldwide, especially in developing nations. In recent years, BCG has been utilized in two major vaccine development strategies. First, BCG has been used as a vector to express foreign antigens in studies aimed at developing new vaccines against a variety of viral, parasitic, and bacterial pathogens, and against cancer and allergic diseases. More recently, in a new vaccine paradigm, BCG has been used as a homologous vector to overexpress native mycobacterial antigens in studies aimed at developing improved vaccines against TB. As a vaccine vector, BCG has several major advantages including a very well-established safety profile, high immunogenicity (excellent CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses and strong TH1-Type immune responses), and low manufacturing cost. As a vector for recombinant TB vaccines, BCG has the additional advantages of providing a broad array of relevant mycobacterial antigens in addition to the recombinant antigens, moderate efficacy to begin with, high acceptability as a replacement vaccine for BCG in TB endemic countries, and the capacity to express M. tuberculosis proteins in native form and release them in a way that results in their being processed similarly to M. tuberculosis proteins. In addition to the overexpression of native proteins to improve their immunogenicity and protective efficacy against TB, recombinant BCG vaccines have been developed that express immunomodulatory cytokines or have been engineered for enhanced antigen presentation. Several new recombinant BCG vaccines against TB have demonstrated improved protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. leprae in small animal models. Against non-TB targets, results have been variable, but several recombinant BCG vaccines have demonstrated excellent immunogenicity and protective efficacy; stable and high-level expression of foreign antigens in recombinant BCG, in a way that will make them available for proper processing and presentation, have been recurrent challenges.
The balance of poly(U) polymerase activity ensures germline identity, survival, and development in Caenorhabditis elegans

Poly(U) polymerases (PUPs) catalyze 3' uridylation of mRNAs and small RNAs, a modification often correlating with decreased RNA stability. We have investigated the importance of three proteins with in vitro PUP activity, PUP-1/CDE-1, PUP-2 and PUP-3, in C. elegans germline development. Genetic analysis indicates that PUP-1/CDE-1 and PUP-2 are developmentally redundant under conditions of temperature stress during which they ensure germline viability and development. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that pup-1/-2 double mutant germ cells fail to maintain their identity as distinct from soma. Consistent with phenotypic data, PUP-1 and PUP-2 are expressed in embryonic germ cell precursors and throughout germline development. The developmental importance of PUP activity is presumably in regulating gene expression as both a direct and indirect consequence of modifying target RNAs. PUP-3 is significantly overexpressed in the pup-1/-2 germline, and loss of pup-3 function partially suppresses pup-1/-2 germline defects. We conclude that one major function of PUP-1/-2 is to limit PUP-3 expression. Overall, the balance of PUP-1, PUP-2 and PUP-3 activities appears to ensure proper germline development.
Modular and programmable material systems drawing from the architecture of skeletal muscle

A specially designed modular material can adopt many force-generating and energy-storing postures, which could be useful for soft robotics.
Acute Pulmonary Vein Reconnection after Ablation using Contact-force Sensing Catheters: Incidence, Timing, and Ablation Lesion Characteristics.

Background Acute pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection predicts atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation. Contact-force (CF) sensing catheters improve lesion delivery. We assessed the incidence, timing, location, and lesion characteristics of acute reconnection after PV isolation with CF sensing catheters. Methods Patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for AF from October 2016 to February 2017 were studied. Assessment for acute reconnection at 20 and 40 minute intervals was performed in each isolated PV. Additional lesions were applied as needed. Lesion location, contact force, power, duration, impedance, and force-time integral values were compared at sites with and without reconnection. Results Twenty-two patients (60.6 + 1.8 years; 36.4% female; 27.3% persistent AF; CHA2DS2VASC 1.9 + 0.3) were included. Eighty-eight veins were isolated. Eleven reconnections occurred in 10 patients; 9 occurred by 20 minutes and 2 between 20 - 40 minutes. Most reconnections (6/11) were in the left superior PV. Of 4993 ablation points analyzed, 72 were at acute reconnection sites, and no differences in average contact force (11.4 + 8.1 vs 11.3 + 7.1 gm, p=0.868), power (29.7 + 3.9 vs 29.9 + 4.6 watts, p=0.620), impedance (64.1 + 60 vs 72.5 + 60, p=0.236) and the force time integral (86.9 + 78.8 vs 99.7 + 100 gm/sec, p=0.282) were found. Conclusion Acute PV reconnection rates using CF sensing catheters are roughly 12.5%, with the majority occurring within 20 minutes. We found no significant differences in characteristics of ablation points in areas of reconnection. Optimum wait periods after isolation to check for acute reconnection may be as brief as 20 minutes.
Advancing Public Health Education Through Place-Based Learning: “On the Road in the Deep South”:

Documented health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities exist in the United States, and health injustices frequently have deep historical ties, especially in the South. Therefore, it is cr...
Expanding the MOG phenotype: Brainstem encephalitis with punctate and curvilinear enhancement

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab)-associated demyelination has been associated with a range of clinical phenotypes, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), ADEM followed by recurrent optic neuritis, aquaporin 4–negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and less commonly, brainstem encephalitis.1 In contrast, chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a clinical, radiologic, and pathologic diagnosis without an associated antibody.2,3 There have been few reported cases of pediatric CLIPPERS,4 and most have not clearly met the strict case definition of CLIPPERS as proposed in 2017.3 Here, we present a pediatric case, ultimately diagnosed as MOG-Ab–associated demyelination, that was initially concerning for CLIPPERS due to subacute brainstem encephalitis with MRI showing curvilinear and punctate contrast enhancement in the pons.
Compound Metaoptics for Lossless Amplitude and Phase Control of Wavefronts

Lossless and reflectionless metasurfaces reported to date control radiation by imposing phase discontinuities onto a wavefront. As a result, a single metasurface of this type can control either the phase or the amplitude profile of a field at a particular plane. In this talk, compound metaoptics will be described that can independently manipulate the amplitude and phase profiles of a wavefront. The compound metaoptic consists of two passive metasurfaces that are lossless and reflectionless, and separated by a wavelength-scale distance. As shown in Figure 1, the first metasurface projects the correct power density onto the second metasurface, allowing beam shaping. The second metasurface provides a phase correction that allows beam steering. The proposed approach allows amplitude control without relying on loss (reflection, absorption, or polarization loss), as in earlier works.
Prospective Study of Long‐Term Interrelationships Among Adiposity‐Associated Biomarkers in Women

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prospective interrelationships among biomarkers that may provide mechanistic insights into obesity-related diseases. METHODS A total of 850 women in the Nurses' Health Study II with two fasting blood measurements (1996-1999 and 2010-2011) of adiponectin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor, insulin, retinol-binding protein 4, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and interleukin-6 were included. Biomarker interrelationships were examined in the following three ways: (1) cross-sectional associations at baseline and follow-up, (2) longitudinal associations of concurrent biomarker changes, and (3) prospective associations of each baseline biomarker with other biomarker changes. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, most biomarkers were correlated after multivariable adjustment including BMI, with the strongest correlations observed between leptin and insulin and between hsCRP and interleukin-6. In longitudinal analyses, similar results were observed after multivariable adjustment including weight change. However, in prospective analyses, only three associations observed in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were consistently significant (P < 0.05). Every doubling in baseline adiponectin was associated with -9.0% insulin change. The corresponding estimate was 9.3% for baseline leptin and hsCRP change and 3.1% for baseline hsCRP and leptin change. CONCLUSIONS Baseline adiponectin concentrations were inversely associated with subsequent insulin change, whereas baseline leptin concentrations were positively associated with hsCRP change and vice versa.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties Using Phyla dulcis Plant Extract.

Foodborne illnesses caused by the consumption of food contaminated with foodborne pathogens at infectious doses are becoming a common health issue throughout the world. Metal nanoparticles with pot...
Early evidence of delayed oligodendrocyte maturation in the mouse model of mucolipidosis type IV.

ABSTRACT Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene that encodes the endolysosomal transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1, or TRPML1. MLIV results in developmental delay, motor and cognitive impairments, and vision loss. Brain abnormalities include thinning and malformation of the corpus callosum, white-matter abnormalities, accumulation of undegraded intracellular ‘storage’ material and cerebellar atrophy in older patients. Identification of the early events in the MLIV course is key to understanding the disease and deploying therapies. The Mcoln1−/− mouse model reproduces all major aspects of the human disease. We have previously reported hypomyelination in the MLIV mouse brain. Here, we investigated the onset of hypomyelination and compared oligodendrocyte maturation between the cortex/forebrain and cerebellum. We found significant delays in expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers Mag, Mbp and Mobp in the Mcoln1−/− cortex, manifesting as early as 10 days after birth and persisting later in life. Such delays were less pronounced in the cerebellum. Despite our previous finding of diminished accumulation of the ferritin-bound iron in the Mcoln1−/− brain, we report no significant changes in expression of the cytosolic iron reporters, suggesting that iron-handling deficits in MLIV occur in the lysosomes and do not involve broad iron deficiency. These data demonstrate very early deficits of oligodendrocyte maturation and critical regional differences in myelination between the forebrain and cerebellum in the mouse model of MLIV. Furthermore, they establish quantitative readouts of the MLIV impact on early brain development, useful to gauge efficacy in pre-clinical trials.
Fractal dimensions of the Q-state Potts model for complete and external hulls

Fortuin–Kastelyn clusters in the critical Q-state Potts model are conformally invariant fractals. We obtain simulation results for the fractal dimension of the complete and external (accessible) hulls for Q = 1, 2, 3, and 4, on clusters that wrap around a cylindrical system. We find excellent agreement between these results and theoretical predictions. We also obtain the probability distributions of the hull lengths and maximal heights of the clusters in this geometry and provide a conjecture for their form.
Carotid endarterectomy surgeon volumes in contemporary practice: A comparison to randomized trial inclusion criteria

Abstract Background Clinical decisions regarding the utility of carotid revascularization are informed by randomized controlled trial (RCT) results. However, RCTs generally require participating surgeons to meet strict inclusion criteria with respect to procedure volume. The purpose of this study was to compare annual surgeon volume for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in contemporary practice to RCT inclusion thresholds. Methods Surgeon volume thresholds were identified in 17 RCTs evaluating the efficacy of CEA (1986-present, n = 17). Contemporary annual surgeon volumes (2012–2017) were identified by aggregating data from the Medicare Provider Utilization Database and Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Network (HCUP), and compared to RCT inclusion thresholds. Further comparisons were performed over time, and across specialties (i.e., vascular surgeon vs. other, based on board certification associated with provider NPI). Results Minimal surgeon volume in 17 RCTs ranged from 10 to 25 CEA annually when specific case volumes were required. From 2012 to 2017, CEA incidence in Medicare beneficiaries declined from 68,608 to 56,004 and became increasingly consolidated in fewer providers (7,331 vs. 6,626). However, in 2016 only 26.2% of surgeons performing CEA in Medicare beneficiaries would have met the least stringent volume requirement (10 CEA/year). Only 6.5% of surgeons performing CEA met the most stringent RCT volume threshold (25 cases/year) during the same time period. In 2017, 819 vascular surgeons (25.5% of those certified in the specialty) performed >10 CEA in Medicare beneficiaries. Conclusions The majority of surgeons performing CEA do not meet the annual volume thresholds required for participation in the RCTs that have evaluated the efficacy of carotid revascularization. Given the established volume-outcome relationship in CEA, the disparity between surgeon experience in the context of RCTs versus contemporary practice is concerning. These findings have potential implications for informed decision-making, hospital privileging, and regionalization of care.
Adaptation and resilience of commercial fishers in the Northeast United States during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Commercial fisheries globally experienced numerous and significant perturbations during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting the livelihoods of millions of fishers worldwide. In the Northeast United States, fishers grappled with low prices and disruptions to export and domestic markets, leaving many tied to the dock, while others found ways to adapt to the changing circumstances brought about by the pandemic. This paper investigates the short-term impacts of the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020) on commercial fishers in the Northeast U.S. to understand the effects of the pandemic on participation in the fishery and fishers' economic outcomes, using data collected from an online survey of 258 Northeast U.S. commercial fishers. This research also assesses characteristics of those fishers who continued fishing and their adaptive strategies to the changing circumstances. Analysis of survey responses found the majority of fishers continued fishing during the early months of the pandemic, while a significant number had stopped fishing. Nearly all reported a loss of income, largely driven by disruptions of export markets, the loss of restaurant sales, and a resulting decline in seafood prices. Landings data demonstrate that while fishing pressure in 2020 was reduced for some species, it remained on track with previous years for others. Fishers reported engaging in a number of adaptation strategies, including direct sales of seafood, switching species, and supplementing their income with government payments or other sources of income. Many fishers who had stopped fishing indicated plans to return, suggesting refraining from fishing as a short-term adaptation strategy, rather than a plan to permanently stop fishing. Despite economic losses, fishers in the Northeast U.S. demonstrated resilience in the face of the pandemic by continuing to fish and implementing other adaptation strategies rather than switching to other livelihoods.
Adjustment Factors of Attachment, Hope, and Motivation in Emerging Adult Well-Being

We studied direct and indirect associations of attachment, trait hope, and motivations in narrative identity (agency and communion) with measures of well-being during emerging adulthood. Our aim was to determine whether hope and expressed motivations serve as mechanisms between attachment and well-being. We focused on emerging adults, for whom attachment, character, and narrative identity are well-developed and salient for developmental challenges of identity development and clarity for one’s life direction. In Study 1, college- and community-recruited adults (N = 366) wrote autobiographical narratives about future goals and self-reported attachment, hope, and well-being. Results supported indirect effects between attachment and outcomes of future goal agency and well-being via hope, as well as an indirect effect between hope and the outcome of personal growth via future goal agency. In Study 2, college adults (N = 288) wrote autobiographical narratives of their college transition experiences and self-reported attachment, hope, and well-being. Results supported indirect effects between attachment and outcomes of college transition communion and measures of well-being via hope, as well as an indirect effect between hope and the outcome of recent stress via college transition communion. Findings suggest the importance of hope as a mechanism linking emerging adults’ attachment with well-being. Findings also suggest benefits to quantifying autobiographical narratives alongside self-reports to inform well-being across adult development.
When Life Gives You Lemons: What to Do When Something Goes Wrong in Your Carefully Planned Research and How to Avoid Disasters in the First Place

Perhaps it is because my last name is Murphy and I have lived my entire life cursed by Murphy’s Law that “Whatever can go wrong will” that I seem to be a magnet for “research gone wrong” scenarios. As a result, I have become skilled at planning research in such a way that even if I cannot avoid research catastrophes altogether, at least I can salvage something valuable from the smoldering ruins of what was a perfectly designed study. In this chapter, I draw on actual examples from myself and my EE colleagues to illustrate key lessons that I have learned over the years.
Essential Regression - a generalizable framework for inferring causal latent factors from multi-omic human datasets

Abstract High-dimensional cellular and molecular profiling of human samples highlights the need for analytical approaches that can integrate multi-omic datasets to generate predictive biomarkers and prioritized causal inferences. Current methods are limited by high dimensionality of the combined datasets, the differences in their data distributions and their integration to infer causal relationships. Here we present Essential Regression (ER), an interpretable machine learning approach for high-dimensional multi-omic datasets, that addresses these problems by identifying latent factors and their likely cause-effect relationships with the system-wide outcome/properties of interest. ER is a novel data-distribution-free latent-factor regression model that integrates multi-omic datasets and identifies latent factors significantly associated with an outcome. ER outperforms a range of state-of-the-art methods in terms of prediction performance on simulated datasets. ER can be coupled with probabilistic graphical modeling thereby strengthening the causal inferences. ER generates novel cellular and molecular predictions, using multi-omic human systems immunology datasets, pertaining to immunosenescence and immune dysregulation.
Does Investment Horizon Matter? Disentangling the Effect of Institutional Herding on Stock Prices

This study finds that, over short horizons, herding by short-term institutions promotes price discovery. In contrast, herding by long-term institutions drives stock prices away from fundamentals over the same periods. Furthermore, while the positive predictability of short-term institutional herding for stock prices is more pronounced for small stocks and stocks with high growth opportunities, the negative association between long-term institutional herding and stock prices is stronger for stocks whose valuations are highly uncertain and subjective. Finally, we show that the destabilizing effect of institutional herding persistence documented in the recent literature is entirely driven by persistent herding by long-term institutions.
Ethical Issues in Representing Clients in the Cannabis Business: 'One Toke Over the Line?'

The ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.2(d) does not prohibit a lawyer from advising or assisting clients in establishment or operation of cannabis businesses that are authorized under state law despite existing federal law criminalizing cannabis.
Physical Significance of the Difference between the Brans-Dicke Theory and General Relativity

The asymptotic behavior of the scalar field and its physical meaning are discussed for T=0 and T\neq 0 for the large enough coupling parameter \omega. The special character of the Brans-Dicke theory is also discussed for local and cosmological problems in comparison with general relativity and the selection rules are introduced respectivley. The scalar field by locally-distributed matter should exhibit the asymptotic behavior \phi = +O(1/\omega) because of the presence of cosmological matter. The scalar field of a proper cosmological solution should have the asymptotic form \phi =O(\rho /\omega) and should converge to zero in the continuous limit \rho /\omega \to 0.
Murphy was an optimist

Embedded, safety-critical systems often have requirements for incredibly small probabilities of failure, e.g. 10-9 for a one hour exposure. One often hears designers of safety-critical systems say: "We have to tolerate *all* credible faults". However, the word "credible" in this assertion contrasts starkly with the word "incredibly" in the sentence before. In fact, there are faults and failures that most designers think can't happen which actually can and do happen with probabilities far greater than the requirements allow. The well known Murphy's Law states that: "If anything can go wrong, it will go wrong." When requirements limit failure probabilities to one-in-a-million or less, this should be rewritten as: "If anything can't go wrong, it will go wrong anyway." There are a couple of factors that lead to designers erroneously thinking that certain faults and failures are impossible; when in fact, not only are they possible, but some are actually highly probable. One factor is that the requirements are outside any designer's experience, even when that experience includes that of colleagues. Using the literature seems like an obvious way of expanding one's (virtual) experience. However, there are two problems with this. The first problem is that people who actually design safety-critical systems are rarely given enough time to keep current with the literature. The second problem is that the literature on actual occurrences of rare failure modes is almost nonexistent. Reasons for this include: people and organizations don't want to admit they had a failure; designers feel that rare failure occurrence aren't worth reporting; and, if designers aren't given enough time to read literature, they certainly aren't given enough time to write it. Take away: Designers should fight their management for time to keep current with the literature and designers should use every report of a rare failure as an opportunity to imagine other similar modes of failure. The other factor that leads to designers erroneously thinking that certain faults and failures are impossible stems from abstraction. The complexity of modern safety critical systems requires some form of attraction. However, when designers limit their thinking to one level of extraction, certain faults and failures can seem impossible, but would clearly be seen as probable if one were to examine layers below that level of abstraction. For example, a designer thinking about electrical components would not include in their FMEA the possibility that one component (e.g. a diode) could transmogrify into another component (e.g. a capacitor). But, at a lower level of extraction, it can be seen that a crack through a diode die can create a capacitor. And, a crack is one of the most highly probable failure modes at the physical material level of obstruction.
Abnormal deoxyuridine suppression test in congenital methylmalonic aciduria-homocystinuria without megaloblastic anemia: divergent biochemical and morphological bone marrow manifestations of disordered cobalamin metabolism in man

We studied two brothers (J.R. and M.R.) with the cobalamin D variant of congenital methylmalonic aciduria-homocystinuria, whose previously reported lack of megaloblastic anemia conflicted with current concepts of cobalamin's role in DNA synthesis and the "methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) trap" hypothesis. Both subjects were indeed hematologically normal, although J.R. had a mean corpuscular volume of 96 fl. However, both demonstrated abnormalities in the deoxyuridine suppression test. J.R. had an abnormal suppression value of 21.0% (normal less than 10%) that was correctable by adding hydroxocobalamin or folic acid in vitro but not MTHF. M.R. had normal suppression (8.9%), but demonstrated worsening (18.6%) when MTHF was added. J.R.'s classical deoxyuridine suppression pattern of cobalamin deficiency thus supports the trap hypothesis. However, his lack of comparable morphological changes suggests that impaired de novo thymidylate synthesis and the trap hypothesis, though valid, may not fully account for the megaloblastic maturation accompanying cobalamin deficiency. Equally noteworthy was the deleterious effect of MTHF on M.R.'s marrow, suggesting its potential usefulness as an in vitro "stress test" for latent cobalamin abnormality.
A remote and sensorless stator winding thermal protection scheme for line-connected AC machines

An advanced remote and sensorless thermal protection technique for line-connected AC machines is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique includes an algorithm for detecting abnormal cooling conditions due to reduced motor cooling ability in addition to a stator resistance (R/sub s/)-based stator temperature (T/sub s/) estimation scheme. The motor cooling ability monitoring algorithm can be implemented using the R/sub s/ estimates of an existing DC injection-based R/sub s/ estimation scheme without additional hardware or parameter information. In addition, the influence of the fuse, circuit breaker, and cable resistances on the R/sub s/ estimate is investigated, and methods for compensation are suggested for improving the accuracy of the R/sub s/ estimate, and therefore, the reliability of T/sub s/ monitoring. Experimental results under various abnormal cooling conditions verify that the reduced cooling ability of the motor can be reliably detected and that it can be used in addition to the T/sub s/ estimate for complete motor thermal protection.
Perturbative interaction approach to cosmological structure formation

dierent approach, starting from the implicit integral solution to particle trajectories. We derive the matter power spectrum to rst order in the interaction, but to arbitrary order in the linear power spectrum, from which the one-loop result follows. We also show that standard linear perturbation theory can only be recovered at innite order in the gravitational interaction. At nite order in the interaction, we nd that the linear power spectrum is systematically and signicantly underestimated. A comprehensive study of the convergence of the theory with the order of the interaction for non-linear scales will be the subject of future work. The statistical properties of cold dark matter (CDM) in the non-linear regime make for a technically challenging problem, and their study has been the bread-andbutter of several generations of cosmologists. Various approaches have been pursued to obtain analytic predictions for the matter power spectrum and higher-order statistics beyond the well-established linear perturbation theory results [1]. The reader may refer for example to Ref. [2] for a detailed review and to Ref. [3] for a list or more recent works. The most standard analytic approaches to large-scale structure rely on an expansion in variables measuring departures from perfect homogeneity. The perturbation variables are the density and velocity
The school of computational science at florida state university

Florida State University has recently launched a new program in Computational Science. In this paper, we describe the need for computational science, how we defined computational science, and explain the rational behind our computational science curriculum.