cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation of Autologous Pre-B Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Reactive T Cell Lines Using ALL Blasts as Antigen Presenting Cells.

Abstract 2035 Poster Board II-12 Although hematologic remissions can be achieved in the majority of patients with adult acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) by chemotherapy, long term survival is only 30–40%. The inability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate residual malignant leukemia cells may be an important mechanism contributing to relapse. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using pre-B-ALL cells as antigen presenting cells in an in vitro culture to induce autologous ALL reactive T cells. After 7 day culture of Pre-B-ALL peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CD19+ 93±4%) in 96 well culture plates in culture medium supplemented with a cytokine combination of IL-2/IL-3/IL-4/IL-7/GM-CSF, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD54, HLA-Dr and CD40 expression was analyzed. Significant enhancement of CD80, CD86, CD83 and CD40 on ALL cells was observed (n=8, P≦0.001-0.02). Addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the cytokine combination further increased CD80, CD86 or CD40 expression by 3 of 8 ALL samples above the baseline enhancement by cytokines ([Figure][1]), while CD40 ligand (CD40L) enhanced expression of the co-stimulatory molecules in 4 of 8 cases. Autologous T cells remaining in the culture after day 7 were then expanded with high dose IL-2 and autologous ALL reactive T cell lines were identified by IFN-g release by T cells in response to autologous ALL cells. Autologous ALL reactive T cells were generated from 5 of 8 pre-B ALL samples studied. The data from 3 experiments demonstrated that although the cytokine combination plus LPS or CD40L could effectively induce ALL cell expression of co-stimulatory molecules, the presence of CD40L and LPS in the culture induced significantly greater activation of autologous ALL-reactive T cells than did the cytokine combination plus LPS alone, as assessed by average IFN-g release of 24-48 culture wells (P≦0.004). ALL-reactive T cell lines selected by high IFN-g release response showed effective elimination of autologous ALL cells in a 2 day co-culture assay with an E:T ratio of 1:1 by flow cytometry analysis. Average residual CD19+ cells was 2.0±1.4% for highly reactive T cell lines (n=17) vs 16.5±25.9% for the less reactive control T cell lines (n=9) (P<0.02). Conclusion: Autologous ALL-reactive T cells can be induced from most ALL patients in an in vitro culture with a cytokine combination. Adoptive transfer of these anti-ALL CTL to patients is a possible therapeutic approach for further study. ![Figure][2] Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes
A space-charge-free CdS, and a new solar cell without pn-junction enabled by high-field domains

A review of the electrical properties of a copper doped CdS as a model semiconductor describing three independent thermodynamic states depending on optical excitation and bias. These are the traditional ground state that, dependent of optical excitation renders it from an insulator to a highly conductive n-type semiconductor. With higher applied voltage, a high-field domain occurs that is locked-in, attached to the cathode. It presents the second thermodynamic stable state that is n-type with constant drift current limited by the carrier density at a blocking electrode nc. With further increased bias, the high-field domain becomes anode-adjacent. The CdS is in its third thermodynamic stable state. Here, the CdS has flipped into p-type conductivity with the current limited by the hole density at the blocking anode pa. In both states, the CdS is free of space charges within the domain that permits defect level spectroscopy without broadening influence of fluctuating electric fields. The minimum entropy production principle connects the work functions of blocking cathode and anode by the constant domain current, and permits the measurement of their values that depend on the optical excitation. A new solar cell is described that works without a pn-junction, with a thin, pure CdS layer replacing the junction. The CdS extracts the holes for tunneling into the base electrode. The CdS/CdTe to scale model is given as an example. It has substantial increased efficiency by preventing junction leakage and permits an increase of the open circuit voltage to approach the theoretical limit of the band gap of the emitter when extrapolated to 0 K. The solar cell is series resistance limited by the CdS and requires a thin planar deposition of CdS. Since CdS is photoelectrically passive, its Fermi-level at the base electrode is fixed. A Gallium doping of a thin layer pins the Fermi level within 0.05 V to the conduction band and increases Voc further. All properties of CdS with high-field domains are described quantitatively and the domains are made visible by the Franz–Keldysh effect.
Bap1 and Pbrm1: Determinants of Tumor Grade and mTOR Activation in VHL-Deficient Mouse Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Large genome sequencing efforts have identified frequent mutations in the histone-modifying and chromatin-remodeling genes BAP1 and PBRM1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Gu and colleagues model these genetic events in mice and report that dual inactivation of Vhl with either Bap1 or Pbrm1 results in faithful genetically engineered murine models of ccRCC. Moreover, their work establishes that Bap1 and Pbrm1 are determinants of tumor grade and mTORC1 activation and provocatively suggests that the cell of origin of ccRCC may lie in PAX8-expressing Bowman capsule cells. Cancer Discov; 7(8); 802-4. ©2017 AACRSee related article by Gu et al., p. 900.
Multiscale design and synthesis of biomimetic gradient protein/biosilica composites for interfacial tissue engineering.

Continuous gradients present at tissue interfaces such as osteochondral systems, reflect complex tissue functions and involve changes in extracellular matrix compositions, cell types and mechanical properties. New and versatile biomaterial strategies are needed to create suitable biomimetic engineered grafts for interfacial tissue engineering. Silk protein-based composites, coupled with selective peptides with mineralization domains, were utilized to mimic the soft-to-hard transition in osteochondral interfaces. The gradient composites supported tunable mineralization and mechanical properties corresponding to the spatial concentration gradient of the mineralization domains (R5 peptide). The composite system exhibited continuous transitions in terms of composition, structure and mechanical properties, as well as cytocompatibility and biodegradability. The gradient silicified silk/R5 composites promoted and regulated osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in an osteoinductive environment in vitro. The cells differentiated along the composites in a manner consistent with the R5-gradient profile. This novel biomimetic gradient biomaterial design offers a useful approach to meet a broad range of needs in regenerative medicine.
Planung von Investitionen in Bauprojekte und in Beteiligungen

Investitionen in Bauprojekte und Investitionen in Beteiligungen sind von gesamtunternehmerischer Bedeutung, da eine gezielte Auswahl von Bauprojekten bzw. von Beteiligungen die Realisierung unternehmenspolitischer Ziele, insbesondere eine Realisierung des Unternehmenswachstums und der unternehmensdiversifikation, ermoglicht.
Narratives of Addiction

This chapter consists primarily of a set of stories drawn from over 30 years of clinical experience in working with people with chronic addiction problems in their lives. Without denying the value of looking at addictions from a biological perspective, this chapter is an argument in favor of giving close attention to the role that addictions play in the story of the addicted person’s life—of taking a biographical as well as a biological perspective. The approach to the treatment of addictions to alcohol, drugs, and tobacco should be flexible and marked by patience and persistence. One treatment practice will not fit the requirement of all cases. The psychotherapist can assist in biographical reconstruction, thus aiding recovery.
Outcomes of Triceps Rupture in the US Military: Minimum 2-Year Follow-up.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the subjective and objective midterm functional clinical outcomes of surgically repaired triceps injuries in a moderate- to high-demand population. METHODS The US Military Health System was queried to identify all surgically treated triceps tendon ruptures between 2008 and 2013. Primary endpoints included rates of rerupture, perioperative complications, or significant persistent elbow dysfunction; Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Mayo Elbow score, and ability to do push-ups were also extracted. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients underwent triceps tendon repair with a mean follow-up of 49.8 ± 17.3 months (range: 26.8-80.2). The most common mechanisms of injury were military duties (27%), sporting activity (24%), or fall-related (21.6%), with most injuries occurring during an eccentric movement (54%). While 45% experienced occasional elbow pain postoperatively, only 1 patient (2.7%) had a rerupture. Despite this, at 2 years, 31 patients (84%) were able to return to full military duty. While 6 patients were discharged from military service, only 1 underwent medical separation while 5 retired for reasons unrelated to their triceps tendon rupture. Patient-reported outcomes were available for 14 patients at final follow-up. The average DASH and Mayo Elbow scores were 4.7 (SD ± 4.7, range: 0-15.9) and 85.4 (SD ± 11.7, range: 60-100), respectively. The cohort could perform mean 54.2 (range: 9-90) push-ups. In additional, 12 of 14 (85.7%) were satisfied with their elbow function. CONCLUSIONS The active duty cohort experienced excellent postoperative results with a high rate of return to military duty, despite nearly half of the patients recognizing some degree of activity-related, elbow pain.
How Momentum Coupling Affects SST Variance and Large-Scale Pacific Climate Variability in CESM

AbstractThe contribution of buoyancy (thermal + freshwater fluxes) versus momentum (wind driven) coupling to SST variance in climate models is a longstanding question. Addressing this question has ...
Sport in Greece and Rome. By H. A. Harris

(1973). Sport in Greece and Rome. By H. A. Harris. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 91-93.
Immunological properties of heat shock proteins are phylogenetically conserved.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) serve as molecular chaperones of polypeptides transported between cell organelles, and contribute to the folding of nascent and altered proteins. A rapidly growing body of data suggests that at least in mammals, the HSPs 70 and gp96, are involved in immunity (review in Srivastava et al., 1998). Considering some analogy between MHC molecules and HSPs, it has been hypothesized that HSPs may have been forerunner presenting molecules, and that this primitive antigen presenting mechanism was integrated in the newly evolved MHC system (Srivastava and Heike, 1991). Structural similarities between hsp70 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide binding sites led Flajnik (1991) to a partially similar suggestion. Three characteristics of HSPs are reminiscent of MHC molecules (Table 1). First, these HSPs can physiologically associate with a large variety of antigenic peptides derived from cellular proteins. Second, after immunization with HSP-peptide complexes, T-cell immune responses are elicited against the chaperoned peptide. Finally, under certain circumstances (cell surface expression, cell death), these intracellular proteins end up in the extracellular compartment. Given the high degree of structural conservation of HSPs during evolution, their possible involvement in immune function, in general, and tumor immunity in particular, may be reflective of an ancient origin of HSPs that was contemporary with, or even antecedent to, the emergence of the vertebrate adaptive immune system that uses MHC presentation and restriction. In this review, we will examine the extent to which those immunological properties of HSPs found in mammals (peptide binding and chaperoning, adjuvanticity, immunogenicity) are phylogenetically conserved, and by extension, whether HSPs may be an evolutionary bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.
Ionic diffusion in transverse tubules of cardiac ventricular myocytes

We have estimated the rate of diffusion of calcium ions in the transverse tubules of isolated cardiocytes by recording changes in peak calcium current (I Ca) caused by rapid changes of the extracel...
Synchronous Rendezvous for Periodically Orbiting Vehicles with Very-Low-Range Interactions

This paper first offers conditions under which vehicles that are orbiting along adjacent paths will rendezvous in a small neighborhood intersecting with their paths, and then presents a controller that regulates their motion characteristics over a small time window in order to robustify their synchronous rendezvous from the first occurrence of that rendezvous, forward. The assumption is that the orbiting vehicles can only interact with each other when they are in close proximity, and they are moving independently otherwise. The analysis treats a pair of agents first, and then generalizes the approach to a chain of vehicles. Simulation results are presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis.
Cultivating Critical Thinking Skills in Online Course Environments: Instructional Techniques and Strategies

The development and demonstration of students' critical thinking skills is one hallmark of effective teaching and learning. A promising scholarly literature has emerged in addition to webinars, conferences, and workshops to assist in this endeavor. Further, publishers offer cleverly marketed bundle packages with enhanced supplemental materials and instructors contribute instructional strategies and techniques. Nevertheless, gaps still exist in the scholarship related to effective student engagement. The development of higher order thinking skills in online educational settings is one such area requiring additional inquiry. This article transitions beyond mere theoretical constructs regarding best practices and standards for distance education. In doing so, it provides practical applications through the use of case studies in demonstrating a “how to” student engagement model and framework, which fosters the type of online course environment and useful strategies for developing critical thinking skills.
Driving Data Collection Framework Using Low Cost Hardware

Autonomous driving is driven by data. The availability of large and diverse data set from different geographies can help in maturing Autonomous driving technology faster. It is challenging to build a system to collect driving data which is cost intensive especially in emerging economies. Paradoxically these economies have chaotic driving conditions leading to a valuable data set. To address the issue of cost and scale, we have developed a data collection framework. In this paper, we’ll discuss our motive for the framework, performance bottlenecks, a two stage pipeline design and insights on how to tune the system to get maximum throughput.
E-045 Balloon-assisted coiling of cerebral aneurysms with the dual lumen scepter XC balloon catheter: experience at two high volume centers

Introduction Balloon-assisted coiling (BAC) is a well-established technique for treatment of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms. The Scepter XC (Microvention, Tustin, California, USA) is a dual-lumen balloon catheter that can be used for aneurysm-neck remodeling, protection of branch vessels arising from or near the aneurysm neck, and stabilization of the microcatheter during coil deployment. The lumen also accommodates a 0.014 inch microwire. We describe our initial experience with the use of this device for BAC of cerebral aneurysms. Methods Two high-volume institution neurointerventional databases were retrospectively reviewed for cerebral aneurysms treated with BAC using the Scepter XC balloon catheter. Wide-neck aneurysms were defined as those with a neck width ≥4 mm or a dome-to-neck ratio 10 mm, or DSA and rated using the Raymond-Roy classification. Results During the study period, 231 aneurysms were treated in 219 patients (152 women, 67 men) with a mean age of 58.4±12.2 years. Mean aneurysm size was 6.1±3.1 mm, with a mean neck diameter of 3.1±1.3 mm. 77.9% (180/231) of aneurysms were wide-necked, and 39.8% (92/231) were acutely ruptured at the time of treatment. The overall complication rate was 12.1% (28/231) per treated aneurysm, including a 4.8% (11/231) rate of symptomatic thromboembolic events, 8.6% (8/92) rate of intraoperative rupture when treating acutely ruptured aneurysms, and 1.4% (2/139) rate of intraoperative aneurysm rupture in elective cases. Excluding patients who died, DSA or MRA follow up was available for 85.3% (191/224) of aneurysms. During a mean follow-up of 17.4±13.0 months (range, 1.7–66.5 months), Raymond-Roy 1oc and 2oc clusion rates were 56.5% (108/191) and 35.6% (68/191), respectively. The retreatment rate was 13% (24/191). Conclusions Balloon-assisted coiling using the dual coaxial lumen Scepter XC demonstrates acceptable aneurysm occlusion and complication rates. Disclosures A. Wallace: None. E. Samaniego: 2; C; Medtronic, Microvention. Y. Kayan: 2; C; Medtronic, Penumbra, Microvention. C. Derdeyn: None. J. Delgado: 2; C; Medtronic, Penumbra, Microvention, Accriva. B. Zheng: None. J. Fease: None. M. Thomas: None. J. Scholz: None. A. Milner:None. S. Ortega: 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Medtronic.
Structure-based design of substituted diphenyl sulfones and sulfoxides as lipophilic inhibitors of thymidylate synthase.

Six new diphenyl sulfoxide and five new diphenyl sulfones were designed, synthesized, and tested for their inhibition of human and Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase (TS) and of the growth of cells in tissue culture. The best sulfoxide inhibitor of human TS was 3-chloro-N-((3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)-4-(phenylsulfinyl)-N-(prop-2-ynyl)aniline (7c) that had a Ki of 27 nM. No sulfone improved on TS inhibition by the previously reported 4-(N-((3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)-N-prop-2-ynylamino)phenyl phenyl sulfone (Ki = 12 nM). Nevertheless, one sulfone, 4-((2-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)-N-((3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)-N-(prop-2-ynyl)aniline, was selected, on the basis of its inhibition of both TS and cell growth, for antitumor testing; it gave a 61% increase in life span to mice bearing the thymidine kinase-deficient L5178Y (TK-) lymphoma. A crystal structure of N-((3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)-4-((2-methylphenyl)sulfinyl)-N-(prop-2...
Harbinger of hysteresis in lithium-rich oxides: Anionic activity or defect chemistry of cation migration

Abstract This work presents findings on the mechanisms of hysteresis in lithium-rich cathode oxides. It is generally reported that the energy inefficiency, observed during electrochemical cycling of Li-rich electrodes, is a direct result of anion redox processes. Similarly, the coupled phenomenon of cation migration has been cited as being a mere consequence of that process with no essential ramification to hysteresis. Such works, however, have only shown correlations and not causation. Specifically, studies that clearly preclude the complete absence of either anion redox or cation migration (down to defect-level concentrations) are not reported yet. Herein, we present first principles calculations and experimental data on a bespoke Li-rich system that is indubitably immune to oxygen activity but yet exhibits significant energy inefficiency. Additionally, the results directly implicate transition metal migration as the fundamental, sole process responsible for hysteresis in this material. This study is of particular importance to the design and development of new Li-rich materials aimed at eliminating the role of oxygen and enhancing the effective cationic redox contribution to the capacity and points out the essential need to develop materials devoid of transition metal migration to interstitial sites in both layered and disordered oxides alike.
Exploring the Association Between Health Disparities and Neighborhood Characteristics: The Case of Diabetes Mortality in DeKalb and Fulton Counties, Georgia

Health disparities refer to preventable, unfair and unjust differences in health outcomes and health determinants of different subpopulations often defined by race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status and location of residence. These differences in health outcomes with respect to chronic or non-communicable diseases are on the rise in low- and middle-income countries worldwide but also affect racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Residents of minority neighborhoods in the United States continue to have lower socioeconomic status, greater risks for diseases, and lower quality of life than the general population. This chapter analyzes diabetes mortality by race and identifies socioeconomic factors of neighborhoods associated with the distribution of diabetes mortality in two United States counties, DeKalb and Fulton Counties in the State of Georgia from 2013–2017. DeKalb County is primarily a suburban county located east of the City of Atlanta, Georgia, however a portion of Fulton County represents Atlanta’s urban core. Fifty-four percent of DeKalb County’s population is comprised of Black residents as is 44% of Fulton County’s population. Diabetes prevalence and mortality data were obtained from the Georgia Division of Public Health, Office of Health Information and Policy. When analyzed spatially by census tracts using ArcGIS, the diabetes mortality rates, in these two neighboring counties, varied significantly along racial and socio-economic lines. Distressed neighborhoods with a high proportion of Black residents and people living below the poverty level were strongly correlated with more deaths from diabetes. These findings can influence government investments and help facilitate an increase in community partners’ focused and collaborative efforts to implement effective, sustainable, and culturally-relevant prevention and treatment programs.
An Introduction to Evolutionary Computation and Its Applications

The field of evolutionary computation has grown significantly in the past decade and has matured in both its theoretical and its application areas. In this paper we provide a brief introduction to the field, summarize the important areas of application, and give a brief indication of where the field is headed.
Station of the fetal presenting part: I. Pattern of descent

Abstract 1.1. The relationship between station and the course of labor as defined by the cervical dilatation-time function has been studied. 2.2. Correlation has been demonstrated in data obtained from a series of 421 nulliparas and 389 multiparas. 3.3. The higher the station at the onset of labor, the more prolonged the latent and acceleration phases will be in both nulliparas and multiparas. 4.4. The higher the station at the onset of the active phase, the slower the progress of labor will be in the active phase and second stage. 5.5. The higher the station at the onset of the deceleration phase, the more protracted the labor in the deceleration phase and second stage is likely to be. 6.6. The higher the station, the more likely will be the occurrence of one or more of the major aberrant dysfunctional labor patterns. 7.7. The critical value of station as a prognostic aid is discussed.
Intestinal Obstruction due to Ileal Duplication Cyst and Malrotation in a Preterm Neonate.

The baby was born to a 24-year-old primigravida mother by cesarean section at 36 week gestation and weighed 2420 grams. Antenatal scan at 32 week gestation showed dilated bowel loops and polyhydramnios (Amniotic fluid index: 32 cm) suggestive of intestinal obstruction. He developed respiratory distress soon after birth and was referred to our unit. On examination, the baby had respiratory distress with RR of 72/min. and sub costal retractions. Abdomen was distended at birth and baby had 120 ml of bilious aspirate in the first 14 hours of life. X-ray of abdomen showed dilated proximal bowel loops with absence of gas in distal bowel loops suggestive of intestinal obstruction. A provisional diagnosis of intestinal atresia was made. Laparotomy showed duplication cyst measuring 6 cm in diameter along the antimesenteric border involving proximal ileum and malrotation of small bowel (Fig. 1) Duplication cyst along with adjoining portion of ileum measuring 13.5 cm was resected and end to end anastomosis was done. Ladd’s procedure was done for malrotation. Histopathology showed the cyst attached to serosal aspect on the anti-mesenteric side without communication with ileum, but had a common muscular wall lined with simple columnar epithelium consistent with ileal duplication cyst. Baby was fed from the 7th day and was discharged uneventfully on the 14th postoperative day.
Online spectral clustering on network streams

Graph is an extremely useful representation of a wide variety of practical systems in data analysis. Recently, with the fast accumulation of stream data from various type of networks, significant research interests have arisen on spectral clustering for network streams (or evolving networks). Compared with the general spectral clustering problem, the data analysis of this new type of problems may have additional requirements, such as short processing time, scalability in distributed computing environments, and temporal variation tracking. However, to design a spectral clustering method to satisfy these requirements certainly presents non-trivial efforts. There are three major challenges for the new algorithm design. The first challenge is online clustering computation. Most of the existing spectral methods on evolving networks are off-line methods, using standard eigensystem solvers such as the Lanczos method. It needs to recompute solutions from scratch at each time point. The second challenge is the parallelization of algorithms. To parallelize such algorithms is non-trivial since standard eigen solvers are iterative algorithms and the number of iterations can not be predetermined. The third challenge is the very limited existing work. In addition, there exists multiple limitations in the existing method, such as computational inefficiency on large similarity changes, the lack of sound theoretical basis, and the lack of effective way to handle accumulated approximate errors and large data variations over time. In this thesis, we proposed a new online spectral graph clustering approach with a family of three novel spectrum approximation algorithms. Our algorithms incrementally update the eigenpairs in an online manner to improve the computational performance. Our approaches outperformed the existing method in computational efficiency and scalability while retaining competitive or even better clustering accuracy. We derived our spectrum approximation techniques GEPT and EEPT through formal theoretical analysis. The well established matrix perturbation theory forms a solid theoretic foundation for our online clustering method. We facilitated our clustering method with a new metric to track accumulated approximation errors and measure the short-term temporal variation. The metric not only provides a balance between computational efficiency and clustering accuracy, but also offers a useful tool to adapt the online algorithm to the condition of unexpected drastic noise. In addition, we discussed our preliminary work on approximate graph mining with evolutionary process, non-stationary Bayesian Network structure learning from non-stationary time series data, and Bayesian Network structure learning with text priors imposed by non-parametric hierarchical topic modeling.
Reactive flow in a fracture: scale effects in the interpretation of seismic measurements.

Summary In this study, a fracture in a carbonate rock is chemically eroded to determine if changes in hydraulic properties can be determined from seismic measurements. Hydraulic and seismic measurements were made prior to and after the invasion of a hydrochloric acid in an initially watersaturated fracture in limestone. Seismic measurements were collected before, during and after the reactive fluid flow. Two methods for monitoring the seismic response of the sample were used: 1) a detailed compressional-wave transmission map of the sample; and 2) seismic measurements as a function of scale. In the second method, the region probed by the seismic beam varied from 15 mm to 30 mm to 60 mm to determine the effect of scale in interpreting the changes in fracture properties. To vary the size of the region probed, a set of acoustic lens was developed to collimate the seismic wavefront over different widths. The measured signals for both experiments were analyzed for wave attenuation and frequency content as a function of scale. The results show that the scale of measurement affects the interpretation of the effect of acid etching on the seismic properties of fractures. Using seismic techniques to monitor geochemical changes in fractures requires the appropriate choice of the seismic probe in terms of size and area of coverage.
Association between signs of trauma from occlusion and periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between signs of trauma from occlusion, severity of periodontitis and radiographic record of bone support. The maxillary first molars of 300 individuals were independently evaluated by two examiners for signs of trauma from occlusion, pattern of occlusal contacts and severity of periodontitis. Each site was also evaluated radiographically by an independent third examiner. The results indicated that: (1) teeth with either bidigital mobility, functional mobility, a widened periodontal ligament space or the presence of radiographically visible calculus had deeper probing depth, more loss of clinical attachment and less radiographic osseous support than teeth without these findings, (2) teeth with occlusal contacts in centric relation, working, nonworking or protrusive positions did not exhibit any greater severity of periodontitis than teeth without these contacts, (3) teeth with both functional mobility and a radiographically widened periodontal liga...
Quantum corrections deflate deep bags.

We examine the formation of nontopological solitons in a Yukawa theory with N fermions and a single scalar field. We solve the theory to leading order 1/N, for any value of the Yukawa coupling g. We find that the full quantum theory supports nontopological soliton solutions, and that the quantum solitons differ significantly from those in the classical theory. For large g, the energy scales with g, while the radius deceases as 1/g. Thus, quantum corrections invalidate the classical picture of tightly bound fermions inside deep bags.
RXTE Observations of 0.1-300 Hz Quasi-periodic Oscillationsin the Microquasar GRO J1655–40

We have investigated 52 Rossi X-Ray T iming Explorer pointed observations of GRO J1655(40 span- ning the X-ray outburst that commenced on 1996 April 25 and lasted for 16 months. Our X-ray timing analyses reveal four types of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs): three with relatively stable central fre- quencies near 300, 9, and 0.1 Hz, and a fourth QPO that varied over the range 14¨28 Hz. The 300 and 0.1 Hz QPOs appear only when the power-law component dominates the X-ray spectrum and the esti- mated unabsorbed X-ray luminosity is above At lower luminosity the thermal D0.2L Edd .( L X D 0.1L Edd ), component dominates the spectrum; the disk appears somewhat cooler (D1.3 keV), and its inner radius appears larger. In this state only two of the QPOs are observed: the broad and spectrally ii soft ˇˇ 9 Hz QPO and the narrow, ii hard ˇˇ QPO that varies from 14 to 28 Hz as the hard —ux decreases. At still lower luminosities the power-law component contributes less than 30% of the total lumi- (L X \ 0.1L Edd ), nosity, the inner disk appears both larger and cooler, the 9 Hz QPO vanishes, and only a very weak (rms 0.3%) and narrow QPO at 28 Hz remains. The 300 Hz QPO is likely to be analogous to the stationary QPO at 67 Hz seen in the microquasar GRS 1915)105. We discuss four models of these high-frequency QPOs that depend on eUects due to general relativity. The models suggest that these rapid QPOs may eventually provide a measure of the mass and rotation of the accreting black hole. The 9 Hz QPO displays a spectrum consistent with a thermal origin, but this frequency is not uniquely con- sistent with any of the natural timescales associated with the disk. The mechanism for the 14¨28 Hz QPOs appears to be linked to the power-law component, similar to the 1¨10 Hz QPOs in GRS 1915)105. Thus these low-frequency QPOs have the potential to lead us to the origin of the energetic electrons that radiate the power-law spectral component. Finally, we show data for GRO J1655(40 and GRS 1915)105 as each source teeters between relative stability and a state of intense oscillations at 0.1 Hz. A comparison of the respective spectral parameters allows us to speculate that the black hole mass in GRS 1915)105 is very large, possibly D100 M _ . Subject headings: black hole physicsstars: individual (GRO J1655(40) ¨ stars: oscillations ¨ X-rays: stars
Preparation of p-substituted tetrafluoropyridyl derivatives via the tetrafluoropyridylcopper reagent

Abstract A new and improved preparation of 4-iodo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine from pentafluoropyridine is described. This iodopyridine is utilized for the in situ preparation of the 4-tetrafluoropyridylcopper reagent, 1, via two methods. The first method involves metathesis of the 4-tetrafluoropyridylcadmium reagent with Cu(I)Br at room temperature. The requisite cadmium reagent was readily prepared in situ via reaction between 4-iodotetrafluoropyridine with acid-washed cadmium powder in DMF at room temperature. The second method involves the in situ reaction of 4-tetrafluoropyridyltributyl-phosphonium tetrafluoroborate with Na2CO3 and Cu(I)Br in DMF at room temperature. 1 readily undergoes reaction with allylic halides, vinyl iodides, aryl halides, acid chlorides and acetylenic iodides at room temperature to stereospecifically afford the corresponding 4-tetrafluoropyridyl derivatives. An alternative route to the alkyne derivatives was developed via the Pd(0) catalyzed reaction of 4-iodotetrafluoropyridine with 1-alkynes.
Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of diffusion tensor imaging data in alcohol dependence: abnormalities of the motivational neurocircuitry

Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies indicated microstructural disruption of white matter in alcohol dependence. To investigate the microstructure of primary neurocircuitry involved in alcohol use disorders, the present study used Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) of DTI measures as well as probabilistic tractography. Eleven recovering alcoholics in their first week of abstinence from alcohol were compared with 10 light-drinking controls; diffusion measures were correlated with measures of neurocognition and drinking severity. Regions characterized by low fractional anisotropy and high mean diffusivity included cortico-striatal fibers and those in frontal white matter and limbic pathways. Greater diffusion abnormalities in sections of commissural fibers (inter-hemispheric connections) were associated with greater drinking severity, and lower fractional anisotropy measures in frontal and limbic fiber tracts correlated with lower visuospatial memory performance. These study findings provide direct evidence of compromised integrity of the motivational brain circuitry in alcohol use disorders. These abnormalities in fiber connections could be partially responsible for deficiencies in executive functions, behavioral regulation, and impulse control commonly described in alcohol dependence.
Occurrence of spin-fluctuation pairing in high-temperature superconductors

The definitive property of a spin-fluctuation d-wave-pairing superconductor is that cuprate-plane Cu-site Ni is a weaker Cooper-pair-breaker than Zn on the same site. None of the major high-temperature superconductors, except possibly YBa2Cu3Ox, exhibits this property experimentally.
O3-S3.05 Chlamydia trachomatis detection by nucleic acid amplification assay using rectal swabs

Background Rectal infection with C trachomatis (CT) is increasing in many settings; however, there are currently no FDA approved NAAT for use with rectal specimens. Access to reliable diagnostics using rectal specimens is critical to both surveillance and disease management and control. This is important as CT culture has been shown to have lower sensitivity, 54.8 %, when compared to NAAT in our patient population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of rectal swabs tested on the Abbott m2000 (m2000) as compared to the GenProbe APTIMA Combo 2 (AC2) for detection of CT. Methods Rectal samples were collected and placed into chlamydia transport medium (CTM) for testing by both m2000 and AC2 for CT. CTM was split as follows; 1 ml into an empty m2000 tube; 100 ul into m2000 multi-collect tube containing buffer; 100 ul into an AC2 swab collection tube. From this point forward, testing was performed according to the package insert for both platforms with two CT negative samples being tested for every positive one. ĸ scores were determined to measure agreement between the m2000 and AC2 collection tubes. Results A total of 59 samples were tested for CT by m2000 and AC2. AC2 was considered the reference standard for this study with 20 samples identified as positive and 39 as negative for CT. Neat CTM placed into an empty m2000 tube detected 95% (19/20) and had a single positive that was not detected by AC2 (38/39 agreed). The single neat CTM missed by m2000 was positive in the spiked multi-collect tube. CTM spiked into an m2000 multi-collect tubes also detected all but one of the infections identified by AC2 (19/20) and negatives agreed completely (39/39). The m2000 multi-collect miss was CT positive in the neat sample. Both collection methods on the m2000 generated results that had very good agreement with the reference test: ? scores were 0.924 for empty and 0.962 for multi-collect tubes. Conclusion The m2000 has excellent performance characteristics compared to AC2 for the detection of CT. NAATs offer an alternative to culture for the detection of CT in rectal samples, and are less susceptible to transport conditions and sterility that are often a concern with culture. The collection of rectal specimens in CTM offers the opportunity for routine testing using multiple collection devices and platforms with the data suggesting that the m2000 assay can be used to meet the revised CDC recommendations for rectal testing for CT.
Eye Movements in Reading Disabled and Normal Children A Study of Systems and Strategies

The nature of eye movements was assessed when adults and both normal and reading disabled children performed a match-to-sample task. The subjects were required to choose from one of four five-letter alternatives that matched a sample. Subjects were allowed to look at the sample and alternatives as long and as often as they chose, with accuracy stressed. The pattern of eye movements was studied to discern strategy differences that develop with reading in normal and reading disabled children after the duration and frequency of eye movements were assessed. Results showed important developmental differences, particularly with respect to the sequence of fixations and sustained attention. The nature of eye movements in the reading disabled child is unsystematic compared with normals after sustained search times of approximately five seconds.
Azathioprine and acute pancreatitis: Studies with an isolated perfused canine pancreas

Recent controlled clinical trials have documented the development of acute pancreatitis in 5% of patients receiving azathioprine for Crohn's disease, by far the highest incidence of drug-induced pancreatitis recorded to date. In an effort to evaluate the effects of azathioprine on the pancreas, the isolated ex vivo perfused canine pancreas model was used. No significant changes in gross appearance, weight, or serum amylase occurred in azathioprine-treated glands compared to controls. Azathioprine administration, however, resulted in a significant increase in secretory volume (two fold) and bicarbonate output (two fold), and a profound depression of trypsin output compared to controls. These preliminary studies demonstrate that azathioprine has marked effect on pancreatic function in this model.
Effect of sulfhydryl reagents on the activity of histidinolphosphatase from Salmonella typhimurium and bakers' yeast.

Abstract Inhibition of histidinolphosphatase (Ec 3.1.3.15) from either a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium or bakers yeast strongly suggests the involvement of a sulfhydryl group in the catalytic activity. Inhibition by micromolar concentrations of p -chloromercuribenzoate is noncompetitive with the yeast enzyme, but the mercurial acts as a competitive inhibitor of the Salmonella enzyme. Inhibition can be protected against by histidinol. Ethylenimine inhibits yeast phosphatase activity in nearly a first order fashion, while the reaction with p -chloromercuribenzoate is distinctly biphasic. Other reagents, such as iodoacetate, iodoacetamide and N -ethylmaleimide, that react with sulfhydryl groups also inactivate. The Salmonella enzyme is inhibited by 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) more rapidly at pH 7 than at pH 8.5; addition of MnCl 2 changes the kinetics of activation at various pH values. The similarity in the involvement of a sulfhydryl in the inactive site of phosphatases strengthens the suggestion that the two enzymes are evolutionarily close, even though the Salmonella enzyme is a bifunctional enzyme in wild-type strains having imidazole-glycerolphosphate dehydratase activity in addition to phosphatase activity.
Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycoconjugates 2. High Yielding Regioselective Synthesis of N-Acetyllactosamine by Use of Recombinant Thermophilic Glycosidases Library

β-Galactosidase activities from the recombinant thermophilic CLONEZYME™ glycosidase library were screened at 70 °C for catalysis of a transgalactosylation from o-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranoside to N-acetylglucosamine. Three thermophilic glycosidases (Gly001-06, -07 and -09) were found to produce predominantly the β(1–4)-linked isomer, Gal β(1–4)GlcNAc with up to 61% yield and less than 10% of the hydrolysis side reaction product. Thus, commercial recombinant thermophilic enzyme libraries constitute a novel class of biocatalysts for preparative organic synthesis. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
EUV and 193 mask line width roughness (LWR) impact on wafer CD LWR

Influence of the mask error becomes serious because of the shrinkage of device pitch. The impact of mask line width roughness (LWR) on wafer CD needs to be studied on advanced node, because the device performance of semiconductor will be impacted seriously by wafer LWR/LER (line edge roughness). The Gate line width variation is a critical issue on advanced nodes. In this paper, we evaluate the LWR relationship between mask and wafer. We start the mask and wafer LWR study by simulation (aerial image model, and resist model) to see whether simulation meets optical theory. Besides, we also confirm the wafer printing result to compare simulation and wafer performance. Based on our study, simulation and wafer data show that the mask LWR has no obvious impact on wafer LWR even if on EUV (13.5nm wavelength) process.
Spinal and supraspinal opioid analgesia in the mouse: the role of subpopulations of opioid binding sites.

The selective in vivo blockade of high affinity (mu 1 ) opioid binding sites in mice by naloxazone reduced the analgesic potency of opiates and opioid peptides, evidenced by a shift of their analgesic ED 50 values. However, the extent of these shifts varied significantly between a series of opioid drugs, ranging from 12-fold for morphine to 4-fold for d -Ala 2 - d -Leu 5 -enkephalin. These findings suggested that analgesia in naloxazone-treated animals is mediated through a different subpopulation of receptors than in normal controls. Correlating these analgesic shifts for a series of opioids with their affinity for different [ 3 H]opioid binding sites suggested an analgesic role for delta sites. Additional studies in mice with spinal transections suggested that mu 1 analgesia was primarily supraspinal.
Case Conference: Rapid Development of Activity in a Case of Chronic Passivity.

Abstract A young man with a long history of social withdrawal and lack of initiative was treated on behavioristic principles after the therapist had established a highly sympathetic relationship. Graduated tasks were suggested, leaving their implementation for the patient to decide according to his tolerance, and strongly endorsing his actual accomplishments. Assertive behavior was modeled and gently instigated. Within 6 weeks a striking increase in the patient's motivation and level of activity was achieved.
GECO: Global Event-Driven Co-Simulation Framework for Interconnected Power System and Communication Network

The vision of a smart grid is predicated upon pervasive use of modern digital communication techniques to today's power system. As wide area measurements and control techniques are being developed and deployed for a more resilient power system, the role of communication network is becoming prominent. Power system dynamics gets influenced by the communication delays in the network. Therefore, extensive integration of power system and communication infrastructure mandates that the two systems be studied as a single distributed cyber-physical system. This paper proposes a power system and communication network co-simulation framework (GECO) using a global event-driven mechanism. The accuracy is tunable based on the time-scale requirements of the phenomena being studied. This co-simulation can improve the practical investigation of smart grid and evaluate wide area measurement and control schemes. As a case study, a communication-based backup distance relay protection scheme is co-simulated and validated on this co-simulation framework.
The helix-loop-helix protein Id2 is expressed differentially and induced by myc in T-cell lymphomas.

BACKGROUND. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2), a helix-loop-helix protein of the inhibitor of differentiation (ID) family, is involved in hematopoiesis, mainly through interaction with the E-family of transcription factors. Recent studies have shown that Id2 is overexpressed in some types of B-cell lymphoma, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The authors of the current study hypothesized that Id2 also is overexpressed in T-cell lymphomas. METHODS. By using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses, high Id2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, respectively, were detected in all 4 T-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell lines that were tested. RESULTS. Immunohistochemistry results indicated that Id2 was expressed strongly in 21 of 27 (78%) ALCL tumors (79% anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK]-negative and 75% ALK-positive), in 5 of 10 (50%) extranodal natural killer/T (NK/T)-cell lymphomas of the nasal type, in 2 of 8 (25%) cutaneous ALCLs, in 2 of 9 (22%) enteropathy type T-cell lymphomas, in 1 of 5 (20%) peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified, and in 1 of 8 (13%) T-cell prolymphocytic leukemias. Other types of T-cell lymphoma were negative for Id2. Because it is known that myc is expressed in ALCL, myc was inhibited selectively in 2 ALCL cell lines, resulting in a concentration-dependent decrease in Id2 mRNA and protein levels. Conversely, forced expression of myc in HEK 293T cells using an myc/green fluorescent protein adenoviral vector resulted in Id2 up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS. Taken together, the current data suggest that Id2 commonly is overexpressed in highly proliferative T-cell lymphomas, and its expression may result from transcriptional activation of myc in these tumors. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.