cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of methyl androstenediol.

Abstract Forty-eight women having endocrine disturbances in which androgen therapy is useful were treated with methyl androstenediol. The therapy was either intramuscular injections of from 25 to 50 mg. of an aqueous microcrystalline suspension, or oral or buccal therapy with tablets of the steroid in daily doses of 25 to 75 mg. Twenty-five women having well-established menopausal symptoms were treated, and twelve had complete relief of symptoms; ten reported marked improvement; three had no relief and these women preferred the effects of estrogens. Nine women having dysmenorrhea were treated; in five, the treatment was started at the preovulatory period, and in four, at the onset of menstrual molimina. This treatment was successful in all of these patients, but it was strikingly successful and convenient in the patients treated in the preovulatory period, for these patients were successfully treated with oral tablets; those in the other group were given injections. In the preovulatory treatment, a total dosage of 350 mg. during a period of seven days appeared to be required, for a dose of 175 mg. gave no relief in two instances. Eight women were treated to suppress lactation, and the results were excellent in seven; in an eighth case congestion developed and the steroid treatment was adjudged a failure. This patient had been nursing her baby for a month prior to starting the treatment. Seven women having mastopathy were treated, and two of these patients also had premenstrual tension. The results were excellent in six. One women experienced no relief of symptoms after a single dose of 25 mg., nor after 100 mg. in a single dose, and this last injection was painful. These experiences with methyl androstenediol lead to the conclusion that this steroid warrants wider investigation, and offers considerable promise as a substitute for testosterone therapy in women.
The association of deployment and behavioral health problems with positive drug tests among Army members returning from Iraq or Afghanistan

Materials and methods Using longitudinal data from The Substance Use and Psychological Injury Combat Study, we identify predictors of testing positive for one or more drugs post-deployment among 306,345 enlisted Army active-duty (AD) members returning from Iraq or Afghanistan in FY2008–2011. Subsample analyses examine findings from those members who completed a follow-up questionnaire approximately 6 months after the deployment (n = 262846). Urinalysis tests for metabolites of cocaine, heroin, THC, and/or amphetamines are routinely and randomly tested by the military’s drug test program. These data were examined to estimate the percent of the sample with any positive drug test 6 months and up to 3 years post-deployment (followup). Demographic and deployment characteristics and self-report of post-deployment problems were examined as potential predictors of a positive drug test.
Crystallographic thermal expansion and elasticity across the superconducting transition in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

A thermodynamic treatment for a second-order superconducting phase transformation has been developed which incorporates crystallographic effects. The temperature dependence of x-ray-measured lattice constants in polycrystalline $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ has been used to determine the orthorhombic, crystallographic thermal-expansion coefficient matrix. The principal thermal strains were curvefit above and below the superconducting transition temperature to deduce the thermal-expansion jumps at the phase boundary. The thermodynamic arguments show that the three elastic shear stiffness elements do not contribute to the superconducting specific-heat jump. Also, the three independent shear stresses at the superconducting transition point are zero. The specific-heat jump is, however, related to the three normal stresses at the phase boundary. The experimental thermal-expansion data suggest that a compressive stress aligned with the oxygen-deficient crystallographic \^a axis changes the transition temperature by 0.3 K/kbar; the $\stackrel{\mathrm{^}}{\mathrm{b}}$ axis stress is 0.07 K/kbar, while the \ifmmode \hat{c}\else \^{c}\fi{} is 0.1 K/kbar, and all stresses are in compression. The isothermal elastic compliance jumps can be predicted by assuming zero jumps in the adiabatic elastic compliances. The specific-heat jump is calculated from this assumption and crystallographic thermodynamics.
Crowdsourcing Meets Ecology: Hemisphere-Wide Spatiotemporal Species Distribution Models

Ecological systems are inherently complex. The processes that affect the distributions of animals and plants operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales, presenting a unique challenge for the development and coordination of effective conservation strategies, particularly for wide-ranging species. In order to study ecological systems across scales, data must be collected at fine resolutions across broad spatial and temporal extents. Crowdsourcing has emerged as an efficient way to gather these data by engaging large numbers of people to record observations. However, data gathered by crowdsourced projects are often biased due to the opportunistic approach of data collection. In this article, we propose a general class of models called AdaSTEM, (for adaptive spatio-temporal exploratory models), that are designed to meet these challenges by adapting to multiple scales while exploiting variation in data density common with crowdsourced data. To illustrate the use of AdaSTEM, we produce intra-seasonal distribution estimates of long-distance migrations across the Western Hemisphere using data from eBird, a citizen science project that utilizes volunteers to collect observations of birds. Subsequently, model diagnostics are used to quantify and visualize the scale and quality of distribution estimates. This analysis shows how AdaSTEM can automatically adapt to complex spatiotemporal processes across a range of scales, thus providing essential information for full-life cycle conservation planning of broadly distributed species, communities, and ecosystems.
Characterization of bacterial chemotaxis receptors sensing and signaling (614.1)

Motile bacteria navigate in gradients of diverse chemical signals (toward attractants or away from repellents) by chemotaxis. Bacterial chemotaxis depends on a functioning signal transduction pathway comprising several cytoplasmic proteins that form a phosphorylation cascade. Chemotaxis signal transduction is initiated via sensing cues by dedicated chemoreceptors that are localized in the membrane [1]. The sensing activity of a bacterial chemotaxis receptor, named Tlp1 from Azospirillum brasilense, was recently shown to be regulated by binding to the second messenger molecule, c-di-GMP and a novel mechanism of sensory adaptation was proposed [2-4]. To further characterize this mechanism, a polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal region of Tlp1 was produced and purified. This antibody was then used to test whether it was able to detect the c-di-GMP bound or c-di-GMP free receptor in Western blot experiments, using the wild type strain and a mutant derivative over-expressing cdi-GMP. Although chemotaxis receptors are essential for bacteria to monitor their environments, the sensory specificity of most bacterial chemoreceptors encoded in completely sequenced genomes is largely unknown (88% of receptors have unknown function) despite the public databases harboring over 22,000 such chemoreceptors. Tlp2 is a chemoreceptor from A. brasilense with a periplasmic domain of unknown function. Genetic and behavioral evidence indicate that Tlp2 may specifically sense nitrogenous compounds (ammonium and nitrate) [5]. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry using a recombinantly produced sensing domain of Tlp2 as well as 3 of its variants produced by mutagenesis of conserved residues was used to further characterize the sensory specificity of Tlp2. These experiments demonstrated that Tlp2 is a novel sensor of nitrate.
Bedside percutaneous tracheostomy: prospective evaluation of a modification of the current technique in 100 patients.

Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is being increasingly used. Concerns have been raised as to its safety, especially when it is done at the bedside. A prospective evaluation was conducted of 100 consecutive, unselected critically ill patients with PDT. The mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay before PDT was 12 days. One surgeon performed PDT alone (5 cases) or assisted residents (95 cases) in all operations; 84 were performed at the ICU bedside. Only the first six patients were taken to the operating room solely for tracheostomy. A modified technique was used: (1) the endotracheal tube was left in place during sequential dilations; (2) dilators were inserted in a 60-degree cephalad orientation to the skin and directed caudally after penetration of the anterior tracheal wall; (3) a digit was inserted through the tracheal opening to guide withdrawal of the endotracheal tube to the level of the vocal cords; and (4) size 8 tracheostomy cannulas were inserted over 28F dilators. The average time from skin incision to insertion of the tracheostomy tube was 12 minutes ( 15 minutes, 22 patients). Sixty-five percent had unfavorable anatomic conditions due to spinal precautions or diffuse neck edema. Postoperative complications occurred in four patients; surgical emphysema after tracheal lacerations in three, cannula dislodgment in one. All complications were successfully managed without an operation by tube exchange (n = 3) or observation (n = 1); there was no procedure-related mortality. Forty patients were available for long-term follow-up (6-18 months after tracheostomy) by telephone; one had persistent hoarseness without respiratory difficulty. We concluded that bedside PDT is safe and easy to teach when performed with a technique that ensures correct instrumentation.
Interpreting Classical Theories in Constructive Ones

A number of classical theories are interpreted in analogous theories that are based on intuitionistic logic. The classical theories considered include subsystems of first- and second-order arithmetic, bounded arithmetic, and admissible set theory.
On the concept of noncoaxiality and large material rotations: A double-slip system

Developpement des equations constitutives pour l'ecoulement plastique a l'aide du modele de double glissement. Deduction des equations macroscopiques des tenseurs plastiques de deformations et de rotation par l'hypothese de la non coaxialite entre les directions principales des contraintes et celles des deformations plastiques. Application de ce modele de plasticite aux phenomenes de localisation et de rotation en grande deformation
Doubly uncanny: An introduction to “on the psychology of the uncanny”

(1997). Doubly uncanny: An introduction to “on the psychology of the uncanny”. Angelaki: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 17-21.
Horizontal and vertical components of head movement are controlled by distinct neural circuits in the barn owl

Horizontal and vertical components of head movement are controlled by distinct neural circuits in the barn owl
Service utilization and outcomes in medically ill veterans with posttraumatic stress and depressive disorders

This study examined behavioral health service utilization, health-related quality of life, and psychological distress in medically hospitalized male veterans (N = 743) with and without current or lifetime comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive disorder. Participants completed psychiatric and psychosocial self-report measures at baseline and follow-up. Clinical/functional status and service utilization rates were compared for patients with PTSD only, depressive disorder only, comorbid PTSD/depressive disorder, and neither disorder. Patients with PTSD/depressive disorder were more likely to use mental health/substance abuse services, have longer lengths of stay, and report more psychological distress than others. Results indicate that screening, early detection, and referral are critical in treating these comorbid patients because of increased psychological distress and high service-use rates.
Towards World Heritage: international origins of the preservation movement, 1870–1930

Debate about preservation is global. What should be conserved and how should it be accomplished? How should the various constituencies associated with a particular site be balanced? Saving ancient ...
L-zeolite-supported platinum and platinum/tin catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation

Abstract Catalysts prepared by supporting tin and platinum in the potassium form of L-zeolite exhibit high activity and selectivity for isobutane dehydrogenation and resistance to deactivation at 673–773 K. Mossbauer spectroscopic results show that some of the tin interacts with platinum to form Pt Sn alloy particles in reduced Pt/Sn/K-L catalysts, while the remainder of the tin is present as Sn2+. Potassium displaced by Sn2+ from ion-exchange positions in the zeolite may interact with Pt Sn particles in the catalyst. The addition of excess potassium to Pt/Sn/K-L catalysts further enhances the dehydrogenation activity and selectivity. It is suggested that tin and potassium in Pt/Sn/K-L decrease the size of the surface platinum ensembles, thereby inhibiting isomerization and hydrogenolysis reactions of isobutane. The high activity for isobutane dehydrogenation over Pt/Sn/K-L catalysts may be attributed to stabilization of molecularly adsorbed isobutane species by the zeolite pore structure and/or by excess potassium, which enhances the rate limiting dissociation of isobutane.
Application of a modified linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model to retention on a butylimidazolium-based column for high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract Previously, a new HPLC stationary phase based on n-butylimidazolium bromide was investigated using a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) to systematically evaluate the intermolecular interactions between 32 test solutes and the stationary phase. The results and further comparisons with conventional reversed phase systems revealed that retention properties are similar to phenyl phases in both methanol/water and acetonitrile/water mixtures. In this work, the LSER model is extended by including the degree of ionization molecular descriptor, D, which takes into account the pKa of ionizable analytes and the pH of the mobile phase. The D molecular descriptor has been further divided into D+ and D− components that separately account for the ionization of basic and acidic solutes, respectively. This is the first study where the ionization terms for weakly acidic solutes and weakly basic solutes have been separated. LSER results obtained with the expanded solute set with and without the inclusion of the D+ and D− solute descriptors were compared. The improved correlation and standard error obtained for the expanded test set in the presence and absence of the D+ and D− descriptors (R2: 0.987 vs 0.846; SE: 0.051 vs 0.163 for 60% MeOH) support inclusion of these additional terms. Further, the coefficients obtained from the multiple linear regression for the expanded test set with the D+ and D− descriptors were more consistent with the coefficients obtained when the test set included just neutral analytes. In addition, the expanded LSER model did a better job of predicting elution order for the ionizable analytes. This work provides further supporting evidence for the multimodal nature of the butylimidazolium stationary phase.
Solution strategies for multistage stochastic programming with endogenous uncertainties

Abstract In this paper, we present a generic mixed-integer linear multistage stochastic programming (MSSP) model considering endogenous uncertainty in some of the parameters. To address the issue that the number of non-anticipativity (NA) constraints increases exponentially with the number of uncertain parameters and/or its realizations, we present a new theoretical property that significantly reduces the problem size and complements two previous properties. Since one might generate reduced models that are still too large to be solved directly, we also propose three solution strategies: a k -stage constraint strategy where we only include the NA constraints up to a specified number of stages, an iterative NAC relaxation strategy, and a Lagrangean decomposition algorithm that decomposes the problem into scenarios. Numerical results for two process network examples are presented to illustrate that the proposed solution strategies yield significant computational savings.
Genome Annotation by Shotgun Inactivation of a Native Gene in Hemizygous Cells: Application to BRCA2 with Implication of Hypomorphic Variants

The greatest interpretive challenge of modern medicine may be to functionally annotate the vast variation of human genomes. Demonstrating a proposed approach, we created a library of BRCA2 exon 27 shotgun-mutant plasmids including solitary and multiplex mutations to generate human knockin clones using homologous recombination. This 55-mutation, 13-clone syngeneic variance library (SyVaL) comprised severely affected clones having early-stop nonsense mutations, functionally hypomorphic clones having multiple missense mutations emphasizing the potential to identify and assess hypomorphic mutations in novel proteomic and epidemiologic studies, and neutral clones having multiple missense mutations. Efficient coverage of nonessential amino acids was provided by mutation multiplexing. Severe mutations were distinguished from hypomorphic or neutral changes by chemosensitivity assays (hypersensitivity to mitomycin C and acetaldehyde), by analysis of RAD51 focus formation, and by mitotic multipolarity. A multiplex unbiased approach of generating all-human SyVaLs in medically important genes, with random mutations in native genes, would provide databases of variants that could be functionally annotated without concerns arising from exogenous cDNA constructs or interspecies interactions, as a basis for subsequent proteomic domain mapping or clinical calibration if desired. Such gene-irrelevant approaches could be scaled up for multiple genes of clinical interest, providing distributable cellular libraries linked to public-shared functional databases.
Spectroscopy of Hydrothermal Reactions. 12. Acid-Assisted Hydrothermolysis of Aliphatic Nitriles at 150−260 °C and 275 bar

The conversion of four alkyl nitrile compounds, RCN, to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia in fluid H2O at 150−260 °C under 275 bar is described. The reaction rate was increased by the ...
Constant Blood Withdrawal Method for Area under Plasma Concentration–Time Curve

The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was measured after an intravenous injection of sodium salicylate and after intragastric administration of aspirin, using either an intermittent sampling and the trapezoid rule (AUC-trapezoid) or the recently introduced constant blood withdrawal method (AUC-integrated concentration). Six dogs were used in each study. The AUC-integrated concentration was significantly higher than the AUC-trapezoid. The difference between the two methods was more significant after the intravenous infusion than after the intragastric administration. The higher AUC-integrated concentration was attributed to the inclusion of the initial plasma levels, which is an inherent advantage of the constant blood withdrawal method.
Hysteresis in shape memory alloy actuators: the control issues

Shape memory alloy has been considered as an actuator for applications that require low bandwidth, high force, and large displacement. Two factors have limited the usefulness of such actuators: hysteresis and bandwidth limitation. This paper considers the hysteresis phenomenon from a control point of view. We first consider the application of the Preisach hysteresis model to describe the SMA hysteresis, and demonstrated experimentally that the two key assumptions: minor loop congruence and wiping-out property hold approximately. We then consider the feedback control of the force exerted by the SMA wire. By using a simple lumped temperature model, we argue that proportional feedback with a suitable range of gains would render the closed loop stable. This is verified experimentally in a simple experimental setup consisting of a flexible aluminum beam and to a Nitinol shape memory alloy wire that applies a bending force to the end of the beam. When the gain is chosen too high, clear instability has been observed despite the low bandwidth of this system (about 1 Hz).© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reconstruction of Traumatic and Reoperative Anterior Urethral Strictures via Excisional Techniques

Reoperative urethroplasty is complicated by increased urethral and periurethral scar and the frequent persistence of comorbid conditions that caused the original failure. Nevertheless, by experienced clinicians, reoperative urethral reconstruction can be completed with success rates comparable with those of primary urethroplasty.
Penetration Depth and Flux Creep in Thin Superconducting Indium Films

We have measured the absolute value of the penetration depth in superconducting indium films. Applying a dc axial magnetic field to the exterior of a hollow superconducting thin-film cylinder, we determined the ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{i}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{0}}$ of the variation of the magnetic field penetrating into the interior region to the variation of the applied magnetic field. Applied magnetic fields of small amplitude were used so that $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{i}$ was linear in $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{0}$; a superconducting magnetometer was used to measure $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{i}$. Film thicknesses were between 95 and 160 \AA{}, and the temperature range was from 1.3 K to the critical temperature near 4.0 K. From the actual penetration depths deduced from these measurements, which were performed on four samples, values of the London penetration depth at absolute zero ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}(0)$ were calculated to be in the range 397 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 22 \AA{}. This indicates that ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}(0)$ in thin films is larger than typical published measurements for bulk indium, in accordance with other evidence. Except for one sample and for temperature within about 0.3 K of the critical temperature, the data were fitted moderately well by the theoretical temperature dependence. Flux creep depending logarithmically on elapsed time was also observed for values of $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{0}$ sufficiently large to induce currents in the film exceeding the critical-state current. The temperature dependence of the logarithmic flux-creep rate was approximately that of the product of the critical current, the absolute temperature, and the square of the penetration depth over a wide range of temperatures.
Protein and peptide biomarkers in organ transplantation

Organ transplantation is the optimal treatment choice for end-stage organ failure in peditaric patients. The ideal maintenance of a transplanted organ requires efficient monitoring tools and an effective individualized post-transplant treatment plan. Currently available post-transplant monitoring options are not ideal because of their invasiveness or their lack of sensitivity and specificity when providing an accurate assessment of transplant injury. Current research on proteins and peptides, including mass spectrometry-based proteomics, can identify novel surrogate protein and peptide biomarkers that can assist in monitoring the graft in order to correctly assess the status of the transplanted organ. In this article, we have critically reviewed current relevant literature to highlight the importance of protein and peptide biomarkers in the field of pediatric organ transplantation, the status of research findings in the field of protein and peptide biomarkers in different organ transplantation and factors...
Reliable individual differences in preterm infants' excitation management

2 large independent cohorts of preterm infants ranging between 32 weeks and term were given a neurobehavioral assessment (the NAPI) that measures, among other things, individual differences in excitation management. This assessment, which has high test-retest reliability and developmental and clinical validity, presents each infant with an identical sequence of events. Infant reactions to the standard stimulation provided by this assessment were used as measures of differential excitability. The results showed that over a period of weeks, preterms were highly self-consistent in their reactions. Highly reliable individual differences between infants were also seen. The self-consistencies and individual differences were independent of the infants' prior medical complications. With very few exceptions, these results replicated over the 2 independent cohorts. The individual consistencies and differences in excitation management found in this study might predispose children to later differences in temperament.
Balloon deflation failure: a hazard of "medical" atrial septostomy.

T he four years following Rashkind and Miller’s’ introduction of a technique to create an atria1 septal defect with a balloon-tipped catheter have seen widespread acceptance of this major therapeutic advance.2-4 However, recent reports of complications of the procedure5-7 make it clear that balloon failures constitute a potential threat in every use of such catheters and that operators must be prepared to deal with these complications. This communication describes two instances wherein the balloon could not be deflated following septostomy and offers suggestions for the prevention and management of such failures.
Whose side are we on now? Ethical issues in social research and medical practice.

Abstract The stance of sociologist as champion of the underdog or as purveyor of the values and attitudes of the ‘superordinate’ was posed as a problem by Howard Becker and debated by Alvin Gouldner some two decades ago. Since then, those who have addressed the question as to whose side the sociologist should be on, have opted for an ‘ironic stance’. This paper, taking the case of a research unit wholly funded by a patient self-help group and located within a University in Britain, notes the difficulties currently faced by the ‘lay’ researcher working in the field of medicine in times of scarcity and want as compared with those faced some two or three decades ago in times of expansion. It is argued that the self-help group is identifiable both as suffering victim and as overlord, since they raise the funds which, sometimes directly and alway indirectly, are used to employ researchers. In practice there has always been a constant negotiation between funder and researcher, between expressing the values of one group as against those of another, and in the pursuit of fundamental and underpinning values. With the proviso that the interests of the most vulnerable and stigmatised groups in society are attended to, the self-interest both of sociology as a discipline and of individual sociologists working in these settings, it is argued, is by no means an ethically weak goal to pursue.
Homodimerization and constitutive activation of the erythropoietin receptor.

Abstract The erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) is a member of the recently described cytokine receptor superfamily. A constitutively active (hormone independent) form of the EPO-R was isolated that has a single amino acid change in the exoplasmic domain, converting arginine-129 to cysteine (R129C). Since EPO-Rs containing R129S, R129E, and R129P mutations are functionally wild type, the presence of cysteine at residue 129, and not the loss of arginine, is required for constitutive activity. Several mutant forms of the EPO-R were analyzed; all constitutively active mutants form disulfide-linked homodimers, whereas EPO-responsive or inactive forms of the receptor do not. Monomers and disulfide-linked dimers of the constitutive receptor are present on the plasma membrane and bind EPO with a single affinity. Homodimerization of the EPO-R is likely to play a role in ligand-induced signal transduction, and disulfide-linked dimerization of the constitutive receptor may mimic this step.
An isoleucine-based allosteric switch controls affinity and shape shifting in integrin CD11b A-domain.

Abstract In response to cell activation signals, integrins switch from a low to a high affinity state. Physiologic ligands bind to integrins through a von Willebrand Factor A-type domain. Crystallographic studies revealed two conformations of this domain, “closed” and “open.” The latter crystallizes in complex with a pseudoligand or ligand, suggesting that it represents the high affinity state; data linking structure and activity are lacking however. In this communication, we expressed stable low and high affinity forms of integrin CD11b A-domain and determined their binding isotherms and crystal structures. The low affinity form, generated by deleting an N-terminal extension extrinsic to the domain, did not bind to physiologic ligands, and crystallized in the closed conformation. The high affinity form was generated by either deleting or substituting an invariable C-terminal Ile316, wedged into a hydrophobic socket in the closed form, but displaced from it in the open structure. Both mutants crystallized in the open conformation, and the Ile316 → Gly-modified integrin displayed high affinity. Structural differences between the low and high affinity forms were detected in solution. These data establish the structure-function correlates for the CD11b A-domain, and define a ligand-independent isoleucine-based allosteric switch intrinsic to this domain that controls its conformation and affinity.
Transmission-Line MNodeling of Shielded Wires for Crosstalk Prediction

The adaptation of a transmission-line model to the prediction of crosstalk in shielded-wire circuits is presented. The incorporation of pigtail sections of the shielded cable into the transmission-line model is discussed, and the presence of the pigtail wires is shown to be important. Experimental results are presented which illustrate the prediction accuracy of the model.
Alkylation of horseradish peroxidase with lodoacetate

Abstract A kinetic and chemical study of the inactivation of horseradish peroxidase by reaction with iodoacetate has been undertaken to gain insight into the chemical behavior and reactivity of the protein moiety with a view toward fully defining the catalytic site of the enzyme. It was concluded from a study of the effect of pH upon the rate of inactivation of the enzyme and from amino acid analyses of partially inactivated enzyme samples that the alkylation of methionine residues at acid pH values and the alkylation of histidine (and possibly lysine) residues at higher than neutral pH values were primarily responsible for horseradish peroxidase inactivation. Examination of the optical rotatory dispersion spectra (210–350 mμ) of partially inactivated horseradish peroxidase samples suggests that the tertiary structure of the enzyme is affected by the alkylation of methionine residues.
Examples of homeomorphisms on pseudoarcs that admit wandering points

Abstract A powerful theorem and construction of Lewis are used to construct three homeomorphisms on pseudoarcs, each of which admits wandering points. The first example has one attracting fixed point, one repelling fixed point, and all other points wander; the second has exactly one nonwandering point and all other points wander and have homoclinic orbits; and the third has a nonwandering set which separates the space. Also explored are how a pseudoarc homeomorphism that admits wandering points can sometimes induce a pseudoarc homeomorphism that (1) does not admit any wandering points, or (2) admits a dense open set of wandering points; how a pseudoarc can be turned inside-out; and what the existence of a homeomorphism that admits wandering points means for the homeomorphism group of a homogeneous continuum.
Folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthesis by bacteria and mammalian cells.

The purification and properties of folylpolyglutamate synthetase from Corynebacterium sp, and some properties of partially purified enzyme from Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecalis, Neurospora crassa, pig liver, and Chinese hamster ovary cells, are described.
A tandem 1,3-H-shift-6π-electrocyclization-cyclic 2-amido-diene intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition approach to BCD-Ring of atropurpuran.

An approach toward the BCD-ring of atropurpuran via a sequence of allenic 1,3-H shift, 6π-electron pericyclic ring closure, and intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition of cyclic 2-amidodiene is described.
Effects of Acute Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Renal Blood Flow in Patients with Stable Congestive Heart Failure

Renal blood flow was serially measured as the left renal vein blood flow using the continuous thermodilution technique during acute angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in 20 patients with stable congestive heart failure. Eleven patients received captopril orally, and the remaining nine patients received enalaprilat intravenously. During the control period, left renal vein blood flow and cardiac output did not correlate closely (r = 0.57). Following administration of captopril or enalaprilat, stroke volume index increased from 20 +/- 7 to 25 +/- 8 ml/M2 (p less than 0.001), while pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 26 +/- 8 to 19 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Left renal vein blood flow increased in all patients despite a consistent reduction in systemic arterial pressure. At peak effect, left renal vein blood flow increased from 295 +/- 86 to 443 +/- 122 ml/min (p less than 0.001), while mean systemic arterial pressure fell from 81 +/- 13 to 71 +/- 14 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Thus, in patients with stable congestive heart failure, acute angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, although decreasing substantially systemic arterial pressure, consistently enhances renal blood flow.
Probabilistic finite element analysis in fluid mechanics

Fluid flow in a circular pipe and a slider bearing was computationally simulated by finite element methods and probabilistically evaluated in view of the several uncertainties in the performance parameters. Cumulative distribution functions and sensitivity factors were computed for the flow rate and load bearing capacity of the slider bearing due to the several random variables. These results can be used to quickly identify the most critical design variables in order to optimize the design and make it cost effective. The analysis leads to the selection of the appropriate measurements to be used in fluid flow and to the identification of both the most critical measurements and parameters.
Modeling the effect of advertising on price response: An econometric framework and some preliminary findings

Abstract An econometric modeling framework is developed and applied to obtain insights into the effect of advertising on price response. An empirical illustration of the approach provides some tentative results. Advertising is found to have a significant and nonlinear impact on price elasticities.
Cellulose biogenesis in bacteria and higher plants is disrupted by magnetic fields

L'exposition d'organismes synthetisant de la cellulose a un champ magnetique perturbe la biogenese de la cellulose. La modification de l'organisation des microfibrilles dans la structure de la cellulose est observee en microscopie electronique. Ce phenomene est mis en evidence chez une plante, Avena sativa et chez une bacterie, Acetobacter xylinum
Sensation seeking and trait anxiety in hang-glider pilots and golfers

Sensation seeking and trait anxiety in hang-glider pilots and golfers were investigated using Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS Form V) and the trait portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y. A large scale mail survey was implemented. Hang-glider pilots (n = 170) scored significantly higher than golfers (n = 90) on each of the four subscales of the SSS Form V and Total Sensation Seeking. No significant difference in trait anxiety level between the two groups was found.
Application of the Finite Element Iterative Method to cracks and sharp notches in orthotropic media

In this paper, the asymptotic singular fields at cracks and sharp notches in isotropic and orthotropic media are numerically investigated. The Finite Element Iterative Method (FEIM) is used for evaluating the power of the singular field at the notch root under three different loading conditions: tension, shear, and a combination of tension and shear. The numerical results for the isotropic case, obtained by the FEIM, are in excellent agreement with the results from analytical solutions. In tension, the singularity at the notch root converges to the strong singularity % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4UdW2aaS% baaSqaaiaadggaaeqaaaaa!38B3!\[\lambda _a \], while under shear, convergence is to the weak singularity % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4UdW2aaS% baaSqaaiaadkgaaeqaaaaa!38B4!\[\lambda _b \]. When the loading is a combination of tension and shear, the singularity at the notch root always converges to % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4UdW2aaS% baaSqaaiaadggaaeqaaaaa!38B3!\[\lambda _a \] The stress singularity results for orthotropic materials followed the same trend. However, the stress singularities % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4UdW2aaS% baaSqaaiaadggaaeqaaaaa!38B3!\[\lambda _a \] and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4UdW2aaS% baaSqaaiaadkgaaeqaaaaa!38B4!\[\lambda _b \] are strongly dependent on the elastic properties of the material. Under combined tension and shear loading, the number of iterations for convergence significantly increases, as the loading changes from tension-dominated to shear-dominated. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of the FEIM for the evaluation of asymptotic singular fields at sharp notches in orthotropic materials.
Professional Language Interpretation and Inpatient Length of Stay and Readmission Rates

Background The population of persons seeking medical care is linguistically diverse in the United States. Language barriers can adversely affect a patient’s ability to explain their symptoms. Among hospitalized patients, these barriers may lead to higher readmission rates and longer hospitalizations. Trained interpreters help overcome communication barriers; however, interpreter usage among patients is suboptimal.
80 THE BEHAVIORAL OF NEWBORNS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

Data from the NINDS Collaborative Study and others suggests that infants of diabetic mothers do more poorly than matched controls in specific development tests at age 4 years. This study assesses the behavior of these newborns of diabetic mothers (NDM's) in order to understand the genesis of these later problems and to design appropriate interventions. Ten full-term NDM's delivered by elective Caesarian section were compared to ten healthy full-term newborns delivered by elective Caesarian section on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment scale administered on days 3 and 5. All NDM's were free of all anomalies, metabolic and respiratory problems and considered healthy by their pediatricians by day 3. Brazelton scale data were analyzed with an a priori established cluster and profile scheme. The NDM's did significantly more poorly than the control newborns in physiological responses to stress and on interactive processes (Repeated measures ANOVA, p≥0.05, p≥0.001). In particular, the NDM's were more tremulous, had more startles and showed more color changes with handling even though they were normoglycemic and normocalcemic. Furthermore, NDM's behaved differently than controls on those behaviors considered important elicitors of caregiving by parents: attractiveness, need for and use of stimulation, visual orientation, sustaining periods of alertness and molding to the examiner's body during cuddling. It is speculated that the behavioral difficulties demonstrated in these newborns may influence early interaction with caregivers, make bonding more difficult and set the stage for later problems.
KKM—A Topological Approach For Trees

The Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz (KKM) theorem is a powerful tool in many areas of mathematics. In this paper we introduce a version of the KKM theorem for trees and use it to prove several combinatorial theorems. A 2-tree hypergraph is a family of nonempty subsets of T ∪ R (where T and R are trees), each of which has a connected intersection with T and with R. A homogeneous 2-tree hypergraph is a family of subsets of T each of which is the union of two connected sets. For each such hypergraph H we denote by τ (H) the minimal cardinality of a set intersecting all sets in the hypergraph and by ν(H) the maximal number of disjoint sets in it. In this paper we prove that in a 2-tree hypergraph τ(H)≤2ν(H) and in a homogeneous 2-tree hypergraph τ(H)≤3ν(H). This improves the result of Alon [3], that τ(H)≤8ν(H) in both cases. Similar results are proved for d-tree hypergraphs and homogeneous d-tree hypergraphs, which are defined in a similar way. All the results improve the results of Alon [3] and generalize the results of Kaiser [1] for intervals.
Convective and radiative heat transfer in the entrance region of an elliptic duct with fins

Abstract This paper investigates combined laminar forced convection and radiation heat transfer of an absorbing-emitting gas in the entrance region of an elliptic duct with internal fins. The fins are continuous and longitudinal with zero thickness. The thermal conditions imposed on the elliptic duct are uniform temperature, both axially and peripherally. The method of moments, which models radiation in a partial differential equation, is employed to consider the radiation contribution. The three-dimensional energy equation and two-dimensional irradiation equation are diseretized and numerically solved by the control-volume based finite-difference method in the boundary-fitted coordinate system. The effects of six major parameters on the thermal behavior in the entrance region of the elliptic duct is discussed. These parameters are radiation-conduction, optical thickness, wall emissivity, Picltt number, fin height, and the minor axis to major axis ratio of the elliptic duct. The total Nusselt number varia...
Structure and Mechanisms of a Protein-Based Organelle in Escherichia coli.

Many bacterial cells contain proteinaceous microcompartments that act as simple organelles by sequestering specific metabolic processes involving volatile or toxic metabolites. Here we report the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structures, with resolutions between 1.65 and 2.5 angstroms, of the four homologous proteins (EutS, EutL, EutK, and EutM) that are thought to be the major shell constituents of a functionally complex ethanolamine utilization (Eut) microcompartment. The Eut microcompartment is used to sequester the metabolism of ethanolamine in bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. The four Eut shell proteins share an overall similar 3D fold, but they have distinguishing structural features that help explain the specific roles they play in the microcompartment. For example, EutL undergoes a conformational change that is probably involved in gating molecular transport through shell protein pores, whereas structural evidence suggests that EutK might bind a nucleic acid component. Together these structures give mechanistic insight into bacterial microcompartments.
Millimeter and submillimeter rest frequencies for the MgF radical

The pure rotational spectrum of the MgF radical in its ground X(sup 2) Sigma(+) electronic state has been observed in the laboratory using millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption spectroscopy. Rotational transitions arising from the v = 0, 1, 2, and 3 vibrational modes of the main magnesium isotopic species, (24)MgF, have been recorded, as well as those arising from the v = 0 state of the Mg-25 and Mg-26 isotopomers. Rotational and fine-structure constants have been determined for these molecules, as well as hyperfine parameters for both the F-19 (I = 1/2) and Mg-25 (I = 5/2) nuclei. The rest frequencies presented here for MgF have an estimated accuracy of +/- 200 kHz, and will enable astronomical searches to be carried out for this fluoride radical. Magnesium fluoride may be present in the late-type carbon star IRC +10216, where AlF appears to be abundant.
Leed investigations of xenon single crystal films and their use in studying the Ir(100) surface

Abstract Well-ordered, chemically pure, xenon crystals of the (111) surface orientation were grown on Ir (100) 1 × 1 and 1 × 5 type substrates at 55°K. Because of the strongly kinematic character of the xenon LEED intensity-energy spectra, it was possible to use the scattering spectra from adsorbed xenon to investigate the surface structures of Ir (100). The combination of information from the Auger spectra of the iridium, from the differences in orientation of the xenon crystals grown on the two Ir (100) structures, and from the positions of the Bragg-type interlayer scattering peaks in the adsorbed xenon-Ir (100) intensityenergy spectra, indicated in a self-consistent manner that the occurrence of the thermally stable 1 × 5 structure is associated with no identifiable surface impurity whereas it is consistent with the presence of a distorted hexagonal overlayer of iridium on a (100) plane typical of the fcc crystal.
Structure of cellobiose phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum in complex with phosphate

Clostridium thermocellum is a cellulosome-producing bacterium that is able to efficiently degrade and utilize cellulose as a sole carbon source. Cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP) plays a critical role in cellulose degradation by catalyzing the reversible phosphate-dependent hydrolysis of cellobiose, the major product of cellulose degradation, into α-d-glucose 1-phosphate and d-glucose. CBP from C. thermocellum is a modular enzyme composed of four domains [N-­terminal domain, helical linker, (α/α)6-barrel domain and C-terminal domain] and is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 94. The 2.4 A resolution X-ray crystal structure of C. thermocellum CBP reveals the residues involved in coordinating the catalytic phosphate as well as the residues that are likely to be involved in substrate binding and discrimination.