cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in psychiatric help-seeking: evidence from four large-scale surveys.

There has been speculation that the high rates of psychiatric treatment for women in Western society reflect not only true morbidity but also a greater propensity among women than men to seek professional help for emotional problems. In this paper we present evidence from four large-scale surveys that documents this role of differential propensity. Although screening scales of psychiatric morbidity in all four surveys show women to have more emotional problems than men, there is also a consistent tendency for women to seek psychiatric help at a higher rate than men with comparable emotional problems. A decomposition of the helpseeking process into stages shows that this sex difference is largely due to the fact that women translate nonspecific feelings of distress into conscious recognition that they have an emotional problem more readily than men do. Evidence is presented that between 10% and 28% of the excess female psychiatric morbidity measured in treatment statistics could be due to this sex difference in problem recognition.
Blushing and Legibility in La Princesse de Clèves

In La Princesse de Cleves, the eponymous heroine is the only character who blushes. The meaning of the princess’s blush is often ambiguous and is left to the interpretation of other characters within the plot as well as to readers of the novel. This essay explores the princess’s blush as a figure for the tension between legibility and dissimulation that runs throughout Lafayette’s text. The ways in which the princess reads other characters — and is in turn read by them — underpin the difficulty with which she nego- tiates the politics of passion in Henri II’s court. The blush ultimately signals the princess’s paradoxical lack of transparency, and constructs a link between the complexity of reading the princess and the complexity of reading Lafayette’s 1678 novel.
Monolithically integrated transverse-junction-stripe laser with an external waveguide in GaAs/AlGaAs

This device consists of a five-layer transverse-junction-stripe laser structure monolithically integrated with an external three-layer waveguide. The transverse p-n junction within the laser cavity permits the use of a vertical p-n junction in the external waveguide for future implementation of a modulator without disturbing the laser operation. As a result, this structure allows for flexibility in the design of the external waveguide/modulator without resorting to complicated regrowth procedures. Design curves for two different types of optical cavities are presented, and the reflectivity and transmission of the etched facet as a function of active layer thickness is modeled in detail using an excitation field approach. Finally, integrated laser/waveguide devices are fabricated based on this design and are compared to the theoretical curves. Most devices had threshold currents between 60 and 80 mA, while laser-to-waveguide transmission coefficients were as high as 38%. >
Let Them Play! Active Learning in a Virtual World

In this research, the authors introduce Second Life in undergraduate marketing courses to evaluate its impact on learning. Following the principles of active learning, they conducted two studies “observing-reflection” and “observing-doing-reflection” in which a total of 201 marketing students participated. Findings show that students who feel Second Life is more game-like and easy to use report greater effectiveness of learning. When “doing” is incorporated in learning activity, enjoyment and learning outcomes improve significantly.
Ellipses from triangles

We present an ellipse finding and fitting algorithm that uses points and tangents, rather than just points, as the basic unit of information. These units are analyzed in a hierarchy: points with tangents are paired into triangles in the first layer and pairs of triangles in the second layer vote for ellipse centers. The remaining parameters are estimated via robust linear algebra: eigen-decomposition and iteratively reweighed least squares. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approach in synthetic images and microscopic images of cells.
Relation of Plasma Glucose and Endothelial Function in a Population-Based Multiethnic Sample of Subjects Without Diabetes Mellitus

To determine whether endothelial dysfunction precedes the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, we investigated the relation of endothelial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) with fasting plasma glucose among a multiethnic population-based cohort of 579 nondiabetic subjects without previous myocardial infarction or stroke enrolled in the Northern Manhattan Study (age 66 ± 9 years; 41% men, 16% white, 15% black, and 68% Hispanic). Impaired fasting glucose or prediabetic status, defined as a fasting glucose level of 100 to 125 mg/dl, was present in 95 subjects (16%). Endothelial function was determined using FMD during reactive hyperemia. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the relation between plasma glucose and endothelial function after adjustment for potential confounders. FMD was significantly lower (4.9 ± 3.8% vs 6.1 ± 3.7%, p = 0.003) in those with impaired fasting glucose than in subjects with normal fasting glucose. Prediabetic status was significantly associated with impaired FMD (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1, p = 0.02). After adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, and hypertensive status, a higher fasting glucose was significantly associated with a lower FMD (β = −0.024 ± 0.012, p = 0.04) in a continuous linear relation. Thus, for each 10-mg/dl increase in plasma glucose, a 0.24% decrease occurred in FMD. Impaired FMD was present among prediabetics. An elevated fasting plasma glucose level is associated with impaired endothelial function among nondiabetics. These results further support the role of hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction at different stages of diabetes development and the role of impaired fasting glucose as a risk factor for macrovascular disease.
Disturbance of prominence caused by magnetic cancellation

Abstract Using a two-dimensional, three-component magnetohydrodynamic model, a numerical study is presented on the disturbance of prominence caused by photospheric magnetic cancellation. Photospheric magnetic cancellation below the prominence transports magnetic flux into the prominence, resulting in an increase of both magnetic flux and helicity in the prominence. The state of the prominence is related to its accumulated magnetic flux (or magnetic helicity). As shown in the numerical results, when δF (the relative increment of magnetic flux in the prominence) or δH (the corresponding relative increment of magnetic helicity) is small, the prominence rises and expands only slightly, and remains in contact with the photosphere. On the other hand, when δF or δH is large, the prominence is detached from the photosphere and eventually is suspended in the lower corona, leading to the formation of a vertical current sheet below the prominence.
The 1967 Midwest High Speed Rail Transit Conference: lessons for 2012

High speed rail (HSR) currently is attracting much political and media attention in the United States as an innovative way to solve transportation problems while spurring economic development. However, as this article points out, HSR is not a new idea. In 1967, a Midwest High Speed Rail Transit Conference was held in Chicago, sponsored by the Illinois High Speed Rail Transit Commission and the Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry. Much of the discussion of HSR at the 1967 conference was very similar to what could be heard today, especially in terms of feasible speeds and distances as well as the effects of geopolitics on HSR efforts. The speakers at the 1967 conference were primarily industry representatives and academics, with little political presence. Despite the 1967 interest in HSR, the conference did not spur the actual development of an HSR line. The author concludes that current concerns about dwindling energy resources are the primary difference between HSR discussions in 2011 and 1967, and that this issue might be the one that finally spurs actual HSR development.
Probing the Failure Mechanism of SnO2 Nanowires for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Nonlithium metals such as sodium have attracted wide attention as a potential charge carrying ion for rechargeable batteries. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations, we probed the structural and chemical evolution of SnO2 nanowire anodes in Na-ion batteries and compared them quantitatively with results from Li-ion batteries (Huang, J. Y.; et al. Science 2010, 330, 1515−1520). Upon Na insertion into SnO2, a displacement reaction occurs, leading to the formation of amorphous NaxSn nanoparticles dispersed in Na2O matrix. With further Na insertion, the NaxSn crystallized into Na15Sn4 (x = 3.75). Upon extraction of Na (desodiation), the NaxSn transforms to Sn nanoparticles. Associated with the dealloying, pores are found to form, leading to a structure of Sn particles confined in a hollow matrix of Na2O. These pores greatly increase electrical impedance, therefore accounting for the poor cyclability of SnO2. DFT calculations indicate that Na+ d...
The maximum reach of revolute jointed manipulators

Abstract The maximum reach of a manipulator consisting of 3 or more revolute joints is achieved when the line connecting the hand to the base is made to intersect all the intermediate joint axes. By a one to one mapping, the working volume can be generated.
The Price of Non‐Reductive Physicalism

L'A. montre que la these du physicalisme non-reductionniste se heurte a une objection serieuse concernant l'explication des faits modaux qui regissent le lien de necessite entre les proprietes physiques et les proprietes mentales. Adoptant une conception contingente de l'explication des verites modales, l'A. montre que le prix du physicalisme non-reductionnisme est le rejet du systeme S5.
An In Vitro Study of the Potency and Stability of Fortified Ophthalmic Antibiotic Preparations

We studied the potency of fortified ophthalmic antibiotic preparations of cefazolin sodium (50 mg/ml) and tobramycin sulfate (15 mg/ml), as measured by the minimum inhibitory concentration, against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. We also examined absorbance spectra, pH, and the effect of storage temperature on these fortified solutions to determine their stability over a four-week period. Cefazolin and tobramycin maintained a constant potency throughout the experiment. There was no difference in potency if the fortified solutions were stored at 4 C or 24 C. Cefazolin stored at 24 C exhibited changes in both its absorbance spectra and pH after seven days. Cefazolin stored at 4 C and tobramycin stored at 24 C and 4 C remained stable throughout the four-week period.
Group comparisons in the presence of missing data using latent variable modeling techniques.

A latent variable modeling approach for examining population similarities and differences in observed variable relationship and mean indexes in incomplete data sets is discussed. The method is based on the full information maximum likelihood procedure of model fitting and parameter estimation. The procedure can be employed to test group identities in mean and mean contrasts, variances, covariances and correlations of studied variables. The outlined approach can also be used to address concerns of meta-analysis for correlations across multiple studies.
Explosive thermomagnetic instability in superconductors

Abstract Explosive instability is found for the first time to exist in the final stage of the evolution of thermomagnetic disturbances in type-II superconductors. The new mechanism — nonlinear of two thermomagnetic shock waves — is shown to be responsible for the explosive critical state dynamics in superconductors. The magnetic flux penetration speed is determined, the explosive stage duration time is evaluated. Estimations are made for the experimental observation of the explosive instability in macroscopic superconducting samples.
THE BACTERICIDAL EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON ESCHERICHIA COLI IN LIQUID SUSPENSIONS

1. The irradiation of bacteria in liquid suspension has been made possible through: (a) the use of a specially balanced physiological salt solution which is practically non-absorbing for the wave lengths used, and which is of such composition that subsequent dilution of the bacterial suspension gives the proper number of organisms; (b) special design of the exposure cell and a very thorough method of stirring which subjects each organism equally to the radiation; (c) practically complete absorption of the incident radiation, through the use of very dense suspensions, thus eliminating the necessity for a separate determination of the absorption coefficients of the bacteria for the wave lengths used. 2. The method also provides a means for determining the effects of sub-lethal doses. 3. A formula is given for calculating from observed survival ratios the energy required to inactivate bacteria with ultraviolet radiation. The formula corrects for the protective action of non-viable organisms. 4. Data are given for the inactivation of 15 hour and 240 hour cultures of E. coli, washed and unwashed) and for 6-7 hour cultures, unwashed. These data are compared with those of other investigators. 5. A possible explanation for the differences in energy required to inactivate old, young, and standard cultures of bacteria is suggested. 6. The possible mechanism of the action of ultraviolet radiation on microorganisms is discussed.
Habitat and food preferences of Greylag and Barheaded Geese wintering in the Keoladeo National Park, India

Greylag (Aiiser aniser) anid Barheaded Geese (Aniser indicuis) winterinig in the Keoladeo Nationial Park, Bhar-atptir, Inidia, have habitat and food preferences wlhiclh ar-e comaiparable to overwintering geese in other parts of the world. These geese preferred to eat the dominanit grass species in the Park, Paspalivmi distichzliun, as determined by a comparison of the meani propoitioin of Paspolu)am of the total food eaten by Gievlag and Barheaded Geese (0.932 & 0.971, respectively) with the meani availability of Paspiahin in the xvetlancl (0.795). However, based oni a habitat sttudy at the end of their overwintering seasoni in Febitiarv 1986, both species of geese used sites with the same amotunit of Paspaliuzn disticlhuin covzer (c. 140) as sites that they did inot uise (c. 14%0). The meains of habitat characteiistics of sites geese uised versus sites thev did inot use, respectively, ar-e giv ,en helre in or-der of theii i elative pi-efer-ence based on r-ankings of their standardized meanis. Grevlags preferred sites Nvhich wvere grazed concurrently by other species of herbivores (fieqjuency 0.9 & 0.4), were farther fiomii trees with Painited Stork niests (AM'vteria leiicocephala; 981
An index to measure the healing potential of ischaemic ulcers using Thallium 201

Prediction of healing of ulcers in ischaemic limbs can preclude unnecessary treatment for ulcers that cannot heal. Non-invasive methods are of marked value as the ischaemic limb is susceptible to further ulceration from local skin penetration. Relative hyperemia of the ulcer was measured by scintillation count over the ulcer and at points 2.5 cm from the edge of the ulcer. Relative hyperemia was determined by dividing the count per unit area of the ulcer by the counts per unit area of the surrounding tissue. All ulcers with a relative hyperemia over 1.5 healed.
Predicting small ligand binding sites in proteins using backbone structure

Motivation: Specific non-covalent binding of metal ions and ligands, such as nucleotides and cofactors, is essential for the function of many proteins. Computational methods are useful for predicting the location of such binding sites when experimental information is lacking. Methods that use structural information, when available, are particularly promising since they can potentially identify non-contiguous binding motifs that cannot be found using only the amino acid sequence. Furthermore, a prediction method that can utilize low-resolution models is advantageous because high-resolution structures are available for only a relatively small fraction of proteins. Results: SitePredict is a machine learning-based method for predicting binding sites in protein structures for specific metal ions or small molecules. The method uses Random Forest classifiers trained on diverse residue-based site properties including spatial clustering of residue types and evolutionary conservation. SitePredict was tested by cross-validation on a set of known binding sites for six different metal ions and five different small molecules in a non-redundant set of protein–ligand complex structures. The prediction performance was good for all ligands considered, as reflected by AUC values of at least 0.8. Furthermore, a more realistic test on unbound structures showed only a slight decrease in the accuracy. The properties that contribute the most to the prediction accuracy of each ligand were also examined. Finally, examples of predicted binding sites in homology models and uncharacterized proteins are discussed. Availability: Binding site prediction results for all PDB protein structures and human protein homology models are available at http://sitepredict.org/. Contact: bordner.andrew@mayo.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Issues in generating pronunciation dictionaries for voice interfaces to spatial databases

ln speech recognition research, increasing emphasis has been placed on generating pronunciation dictionaries for spontaneous human-computer interactions. We present a review of our strategies for developing lexicons for three distinct voice interfaces: (1) recognition of proper nouns in data entry applications, (2) recognition and synthesis of spoken language for the navigation of a spatial information database using a speech-aware graphical user interface, and (3) interpretation of prosodic information to improve machine understanding performance. We discuss a broad range of issues in the development of such systems including surname pronunciations and automatic mapping of dictionary-style pronunciations into systems used to improve the performance of machine-based speech recognition and generation.
Experimentally derived hydration rates in obsidian dating

The use of geochemical source characterizations, newly-designed induced hydration experiments, and the availability of a reliable chemical temperature integration equation has made it possible to generate hydration rates that are source and site specific. The resulting obsidian dates are fully chronometric and comparisons with radiocarbon dates produce overlapping error ranges of less than one sigma standard deviation. See also AATA 7-1101, 9-462, and 18-1059.
Stress relaxation in porcine septal cartilage during electromechanical reshaping: mechanical and electrical responses.

Electromechanical reshaping (EMR) of facial cartilage has recently been developed as an alternative to classic surgical techniques to alter cartilage shape. This study focuses on determining the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for shape change (stress relaxation) in mechanically deformed facial cartilage specimens exposed to constant electric fields. Flat porcine nasal septal cartilage specimens were deformed by an aluminum jig into semicylindrical shapes while a constant electric voltage was applied to the concave and convex surfaces of the specimen. Mechanical stress, electric current and resistance were measured during voltage application. Specimen shape retention was measured as retained bend angle. Total electric charge transferred in the electric circuit was calculated from the electric current measurement. Electrical resistance, transferred charge and the bend angle increase with increase in voltage application time until bend angle reaches maximum value determined by the jig geometry. Then, the bend angle decreases and electrical parameters nearly saturate. The time dependent behavior of electric current was analyzed using the Cottrell equation. The observed changes in electric current suggest that during the initial 1–2 min of EMR nonlinear diffusion determines electro-chemical reaction rates, which are then followed by a linear diffusion dominated process. Close correlation between alteration of cartilage mechanical state and change in its electrical properties suggest that an electro-chemical reaction is the dominant mechanism behind EMR.
Nanostructured Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathodes Obtained by Reducing Lithium Permanganate with Methanol

Reduction of lithium permanganate with methanol in acetonitrile and acetonitrile-water media has been investigated to obtain nanocrystalline lithium manganese oxides. The products have been characterized by wet-chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The samples synthesized in acetonitrile medium consist of a considerable amount of organic residue even after firing at 250°C in vacuum, which could he lowered by introducing water into the synthesis and washing media (acetonitrile-water mixture). Additionally, introduction of lithium hydroxide into the synthesis medium helps to increase the lithium content and Li/Mn ratio in the product and thereby to improve the electrochemical performance. Optimum compositions synthesized in the acetonitrile-water medium exhibit capacities of >200 mAh/g with good cyclability and charge efficiency.
Constraints on energy deposition and target size of multiply damaged sites associated with DNA double-strand breaks.

We suggest that the observed experimental data on relative double-strand break (dsb) yield as a function of radiation quality can act as valuable constraints in defining the type of energy deposition which causes this basic lesion in radiation biology. Both heavy-ion and α-particle data show sufficient trends for quantitative comparisons with calculation to be made. We use the technique of track-structure simulation and search for energy-deposition clusters (containing at least a given number of ionizations in a given diameter) whose relative frequencies (compared to sparsely ionizing radiation) correlate with the relative biological effects (RBEs) for dsb induction. We conclude that locally multiply damaged sites (LMDS) which cause dsb are probably energy depositions of at least two to five ionizations localized, respectively, in sites of diameters of 1–4 nm. Although our derived cluster sizes should be viewed in light of the quality of the experimental data and uncertainties in the computer simulations ...
Infection spread in wireless networks with random and adversarial node mobilities

We study the process of the spread of an infection among mobile nodes moving on a finite, grid based map. A random walk and a novel adversarial model are considered as two extreme cases of node mobility. With N nodes, we present analytical and simulation results for both mobility models for a square grid map with size √G × √G. A key finding is that with random mobility the total time to infect all nodes decreases with N while with an adversarial model we observe a reverse trend. Specifically, the random case results in a total infection time of Θ(GlogGlogN/(N) as opposed to the adversarial case where the total infection time is found to be Θ(√(Glog(N). We also explore the possibility of emulating such an infection process as a mobile interaction game with wireless sensor motes, and the above results are complimented by traces obtained from an empirical study with humans as players in an outdoor field.
Early gap successional pathways in a Fagus-Acer forest preserve: pattern and determinants

. Many theories of forest succession imply that terrestrial plant community composition within a region tends to converge toward a climax community. That is, given similar climatic and edaphic conditions, succession at different sites within an area will lead to comparable species compositions, a pattern referred to as successional convergence. In this study, we examine changes in plant composition within forest canopy gaps over a 17-yr period to identify potential patterns of successional convergence and to ascertain the factors controlling the successional pathway. To do so, we: (1) sampled 36 forest canopy gaps in Hueston Woods Nature Preserve in 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989 and 1993, (2) evaluated changes in the similarity of gap composition over this period, and (3) examined gap composition in each year as a function of variables describing gap habitat, seed source proximity, and disturbance history. Results indicated an initial pattern of successional divergence, with gaps exhibiting increased dissimilarity over the first 10–12 years of succession. We attribute this initial period of divergence to the effects of differential seed inputs from edge individuals and heterogeneity of available light due to differences in gap size. Recent surveys, however, indicated that gap composition has become more similar as competition within gaps has become more intense. In these samples, gap composition is closely linked to site conditions, including slope, soil conditions, and site exposure. Finally, while these patterns may suggest equilibrium-oriented dynamics, non-equilibrium processes such as repeat disturbances are also evident at Hueston Woods and will likely play an important role in determining future successional pathways.
Placental angiogenesis in sheep models of compromised pregnancy

Because the placenta is the organ that transports nutrients, respiratory gases and wastes between the maternal and fetal systems, development of its vascular beds is essential to normal placental function, and thus in supporting normal fetal growth. Compromised fetal growth and development have adverse health consequences during the neonatal period and throughout adult life. To establish the role of placental angiogenesis in compromised pregnancies, we first evaluated the pattern of placental angiogenesis and expression of angiogenic factors throughout normal pregnancy. In addition, we and others have established a variety of sheep models to evaluate the effects on fetal growth of various factors including maternal nutrient excess or deprivation and specific nutrients, maternal age, maternal and fetal genotype, increased numbers of fetuses, environmental thermal stress, and high altitude (hypobaric) conditions. Although placental angiogenesis is altered in each of these models in which fetal growth is adversely affected, the specific effect on placental angiogenesis depends on the type of ‘stress’ to which the pregnancy is subjected, and also differs between the fetal and maternal systems and between genotypes. We believe that the models of compromised pregnancy and the methods described in this review will enable us to develop a much better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for alterations in placental vascular development.
Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis in Cancer Patients: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Thrombophilia is a well-described consequence of cancer and its treatment. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon is complex and multifactorial. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a serious and potentially underdiagnosed manifestation of this prothrombotic state that can cause substantial morbidity in affected patients, most notably recurrent or multiple ischemic cerebrovascular strokes. Diagnosis of NBTE requires a high degree of clinical suspicion as well as the judicious use of two-dimensional echocardiography to document the presence of valvular thrombi. In the absence of contraindications to therapy, treatment consists of systemic anticoagulation, which may ameliorate symptoms and prevent further thromboembolic episodes, as well as control of the underlying malignancy whenever possible.
Spinup of a Submesoscale Eddy in the TOGA COARE Intensive Flux Array during the Spindown of an Intense Eastward Jet

Abstract During the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period, an energetic, surface-intensified, submesoscale cyclonic eddy was observed in the near-equatorial western Pacific warm pool. The eddy appeared to have been generated as part of the spindown of a strong eastward surface jet forced by the December 1992 westerly wind burst. Because of its potential impacts on the long-term heat, salt, and momentum budgets of the warm pool, the authors provide a thorough description of the evolution of the surface jet and the development of the eddy in the present study. Both the isopycnal surface fit and the zeroth-order dynamic balance confirm the existence of the eddy. Surface layer convergence and northward inertial motion are suggested to be the main causes of the negative eddy vorticity, and it is likely that the eddy drew its energy from the decaying surface jet. This study indicates that in the near-equatorial region the inertial motion has a decreasing meridional spatial scale with time, (βt)−1, due to the β ...
Thermal Shock Damage in a Two-Dimensional Woven-Fiber-Reinforced-CVI SiC-Matrix Composite

Thermal shock damage in a two-dimensional woven-Nicalon(tm)-fiber-reinforced-CVI SiC-matrix composite was induced by water quenching and characterized by optical microscopy as a function of quench temperature difference (ΔT) and number of quench cycles. Mechanical damage generated in flexure on quenched and unquenched specimens also was characterized and compared to the thermal shock damage. The observed thermal shock damage consisted of small matrix cracks and fiber-matrix interfacial debonding on the surface, and large interior cracks in the matrix that formed between and parallel to the fiber cloths. At low ΔT values, only small matrix cracks on the surface were observed, and they were related to initial decreases in Young's modulus. At higher ΔT values, larger cracks between the fiber cloths in the specimen interior were observed and related to decreases in the ultimate strength. Cyclic quenching resulted in progressive thermal shock damage that was consistent with Young's modulus measurements.
Hepatitis C Virus NS2 Protein Serves as a Scaffold for Virus Assembly by Interacting with both Structural and Nonstructural Proteins

Many aspects of the assembly of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain incompletely understood. To characterize the role of NS2 in the production of infectious virus, we determined NS2 interaction partners among other HCV proteins during productive infection. Pulldown assays showed that NS2 forms complexes with both structural and nonstructural proteins, including E1, E2, p7, NS3, and NS5A. Confocal microscopy also demonstrated that NS2 colocalizes with E1, E2, and NS5A in dot-like structures near lipid droplets. However, NS5A did not coprecipitate with E2 and interacted only weakly with NS3 in pulldown assays. Also, there was no demonstrable interaction between p7 and E2 or NS3 in such assays. Therefore, NS2 is uniquely capable of interacting with both structural and nonstructural proteins. Among mutations in p7, NS2, and NS3 that prevent production of infectious virus, only p7 mutations significantly reduced NS2-mediated protein interactions. These p7 mutations altered the intracellular distribution of NS2 and E2 and appeared to modulate the membrane topology of the C-terminal domain of NS2. These results suggest that NS2 acts to coordinate virus assembly by mediating interactions between envelope proteins and NS3 and NS5A within replication complexes adjacent to lipid droplets, where virus particle assembly is thought to occur. p7 may play an accessory role by regulating NS2 membrane topology, which is important for NS2-mediated protein interactions and therefore NS2 function.
Contour adaptive image coding

This paper presents a new image coding framework that separates singularities based on their topological dimension: point singularities (0D), line singularities (1D) and plane singularities (2D). Contours are smooth curves corresponding to line singularities and boundaries of plane singularities. We propose to directly code contour locations in the spatial domain and spatially adapt the bases to approximate various singularities conditioned on contour locations. The key to the success of our forward adaptive coding lies in the exploitation of contour geometry while achieving spatial adaptation. Preliminary experimental results are used to demonstrate the potential of our approach.
Product Placement in Movies: The Effect of Prominence and Mode on Audience Recall

Abstract A promotional strategy of growing interest is the placement of branded products in movies. An experiment compared the recall effectiveness of common product-placement strategies with each other and with advertising. Prominent placements elicited higher recall than did advertisements, which, in turn, outperformed subtle placements. The explicit mention of a product in the audio script (without a visual depiction) led to better recall than a subtle visual placement (without audio reinforcement). However, the addition of a complementary audio message did not significantly enhance the recall of a product that already enjoyed prominent visual display.
Compressive sampling of LIDAR: Full-waveforms as signals of finite rate of innovation

The 3D imaging community has begun a transition to full-waveform (FW) LIDAR systems which image a scene by emitting laser pulses in a particular direction and capturing the entire temporal envelope of each echo. By scanning a region, connected 1D profile waveforms of the 3D scenes can be readily obtained. In general, FW systems capture more detailed physical information and characteristic properties of the 3D scenes versus conventional 1st and 2nd generation LIDARs which simply store clouds of range points. Unfortunately, the collected datasets are very large, making tasks like processing, storage, and transmission far more resource-intensive. Current compression approaches addressing these issues rely on collecting large amounts of data and then analyzing it to identify perceptual and statistical redundancies which are subsequently removed. Collecting large amounts of data just to discard most of it is highly inefficiently. Our approach to LIDAR compression models FW return pulses as signals with finite rate of innovation (FRI). We show in this paper that sampling can be performed at the rate of innovation while still achieving good quality reconstruction. Specifically, we show that efficient sampling and compression can be achieved on actual LIDAR FW's within the FRI framework.
Momentary Desire for Sexual Intercourse and Momentary Emotional Intimacy Associated With Perceived Relationship Quality and Physical Intimacy in Heterosexual Emerging Adult Couples

Sexual desire and emotional intimacy are central to relationships, yet little is known about how these feelings vary within and between partners or relate to dyad functioning. We explored magnitude and stability of momentary sexual desire and emotional intimacy in relation to quality and functioning of heterosexual relationships. After reporting perceived relationship quality and physical intimacy enjoyment, members of 18 emerging adult heterosexual couples reported momentary partner-specific sexual desire and emotional intimacy several times a day for two weeks (2,224 reports). Mean and mean squared successive difference (MSSD) characterized magnitude and stability, respectively, of the momentary states. Regression models of relationship outcomes examined influence of the male versus female partner having greater or more stable desire and intimacy. Sexual desire and emotional intimacy magnitude and stability were associated with relationship quality and physical intimacy enjoyment differently for men versus women. Gender-specific differences between partners also predicted relationship outcomes. Men particularly perceived higher relationship quality and enjoyed physical intimacy more when they had higher and more stable sexual desire and their female partners had more stable emotional intimacy. Partner differences in momentary sexual desire and emotional intimacy may contribute to understanding quality and functioning of heterosexual relationships.
High Precision Measurement of Transversity Using Di-hadron Correlations in p↑+p Collisions at sNN = 500 GeV

The transversity distribution, which describes transversely polarized quarks in a transversely polarized nucleon, is a fundamental component of the current picture of the spin structure of the nucleon, and is only loosely constrained by existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data. The di-hadron interference fragmentation function (IFF), which describes the fragmentation of transversely polarized quarks, is expected to give rise to spin-dependent di-hadron correlations in p↑+p collisions. Significant di-hadron correlations have recently been measured at RHIC in p↑+p collisions at s = 200 GeV at mid-rapidity. In 2011, STAR collected p↑+p data at s = 500 GeV, allowing STAR to extend these di-hadron asymmetries into a previously unexplored kinematic region. The status of the charge-ordered pion pair asymmetry measurement from s = 500 GeV p↑+p collisions will be presented.
An energy-saving framework for mobile devices based on crowdsourcing intelligences

Rich mobile apps make mobile devices increasingly pervasive in our daily life. However, energy consumptions of mobile devices brings lots of users’ frustrations. To guarantee good experiences of mobile users, we propose an energy-saving framework for mobile devices, which uses a set of coarse-grained and general-purpose energy-waste heuristics as a starting point and then smartly takes advantages of crowdsourcing intelligence to refine energy-waste related knowledge to help detect/resolve energy wastes in mobile devices. In return, summarized energy-waste related knowledge can be presented to the developers of related mobile apps and guide them to identify/fix related energy bugs. Through initial evaluations, we demonstrate the proposed framework is able to extend the lifetime of a mobile device with one full charge to a large degree (e.g., 30%-70%).
REGIONAL PATTERNS OF MEDICAL CARE AVAILABILITY IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION

This paper analyzes patterns of change in the regional availability of medical care resources in the former Soviet Union for selected years from 1940 to 1989 by examining the relationships among the supplies of physicians, mid-level medical personnel, and hospital beds. Data from economic handbooks, the 1989 health handbook, and unpublished Goskomstat USSR statistics are used to construct composite (ratio) indices of medical care availability for oblast-level units. Maps of these indices reveal that distinct medical resources regions existed in the former Soviet Union in 1989.
“We Have in This City Many Good Mexican Citizens” The Race-class Intersection and Racial Boundary Shifting in Late Nineteenth-century San Antonio

Access to public spaces played an important role in constructing and defining racial boundaries in the late nineteenth century. In 1883, San Antonio’s Mexican American elites protested an order permanently barring them from using the dance pavilion in San Pedro Springs Park, resulting in the public censure of the park manager who gave the order and affirmations of Tejano elites’ right to equal access to public spaces. The author analyzes this historical case to show the importance of the race-class intersection, specifically racialized class identities, as a resource in racial boundary shifting: the movement of racial boundaries across people. Public exchanges in the “San Pedro Park incident” either challenged or defended Mexican Americans’ equal access to a white public space by drawing on competing racial narratives about their fitness for middle-class identity. The author argues that analyses of racial boundary shifting must give careful consideration to how social actors use understandings of class to...
Capillary Force-Driven, Large-Area Alignment of Multi-segmented Nanowires

We report the large-area alignment of multi-segmented nanowires in nanoscale trenches facilitated by capillary forces. Electrochemically synthesized nanowires between 120 and 250 nm in length are aligned and then etched selectively to remove one segment, resulting in arrays of nanowires with precisely controlled gaps varying between 2 and 30 nm. Crucial to this alignment process is the dispersibility of the nanowires in solution which is achieved by chemically modifying them with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. We found that, even without the formation of an ordered crystalline phase at the droplet edges, the nanowires can be aligned in high yield. To illustrate the versatility of this approach as a nanofabrication technique, the aligned nanowires were used for the fabrication of arrays of gapped graphene nanoribbons and SERS substrates.
A Shocking lack of Difference Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Verbal and Spatial Working Memory

Enhancing working memory through brain stimulation can contribute to the neuroergonomic goal of improving cognitive functioning at work and in everyday life. Imaging and lesion studies suggest that...
What's in a Word? On Our Acquisition of the Term "Language Learning Disability"

The need for a common vocabulary and conceptual orientation is discussed as it relates to the notion of language learning disability. Components of language, dimensions of language performance, and the processing of language all contribute to the concept of language learning disability. The social construction of collaborative meaning is discussed as it relates to the need for a common vocabulary applied in an interpersonal context and to the larger context of the school or classroom. Implications for teacher training are discussed.
Evaluation of an Electrogoniometer for Wrist Position Measurements

In evaluating work tasks, electrogoniometers provide a simple tool for assessing wrist postures and motions. However, crosstalk and zero drift erode the accuracy and reliability of these devices. As a result, a revised biaxial electrogoniometer has been developed specifically designed for measuring wrist posture. The manufacturer claims that it addresses the problem of increased error rates associated with forearm rotation and extreme wrist angles by incorporating a shorter length flexible wire between the two telescopic ends. This study evaluated the electrogoniometer to determine if accuracy and reliability are improved as compared to results of other studies using similar devices and methods. Overall, the revised device significantly reduces crosstalk and zero drift, but it is unclear to what extent the revised device contributed to the reduction in error versus procedural changes, which included recalibration of the device between different levels of pronation and supination of the forearm. Forearm ro...
Major Determinants of Nucleosome Organization

The stereotypical nucleosome organization at the gene promoters, a nucleosome-free region (NFR) flanked by regularly spaced nucleosomes [1-5], is common among different species, e.g. yeast, fly, mouse, human. We study the major determinants of nucleosome organization in vivo, and the common principles that can explain the similarities in nucleosome distribution among different organisms. We show that in yeast, the DNA sequence alone is not able to generate either the proper NFRs, or the nucleosome phasing. Transcription, chromatin remodeling factors, and transcription factors play key roles in establishing the distribution of the nucleosomes [6-9]. We analyze the roles of remodelers Isw1, Isw2, Chd1 and RSC in chromatin organization. We find that in vivo, Isw2 and RSC are responsible for creating proper NFRs and positioning the neighboring nucleosomes at the correct locations, while Isw1 and Chd1 act on gene bodies to generate regular arrays of nucleosomes.References:[1] RV Chereji, D Tolkunov, G Locke, AV Morozov, Phys. Rev. E 83, 050903 (2011)[2] RV Chereji and AV Morozov, J. Stat. Phys. 144, 379 (2011)[3] RV Chereji and AV Morozov, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 5236 (2014)[4] RV Chereji, T-W Kan, MK Grudniewska, AV Romashchenko, E Berezikov, IF Zhimulev, V Guryev, AV Morozov, YM Moshkin, Accepted in Nucleic Acids Res. (2015)[5] RV Chereji RV & AV Morozov, Brief. Funct. Genomics 14, 50 (2015)[6] HA Cole, J Ocampo, JR Iben, RV Chereji & DJ Clark, Nucleic Acids Res. 42, 12512 (2014)[7] D Ganguli, RV Chereji, J Iben, HA Cole, DJ Clark, Genome Res. 24, 1637 (2014)[8] N Elfving, RV Chereji, V Bharatula, S Bjorklund, AV Morozov, JR Broach, Nucleic Acids Res. 42, 5468 (2014)[9] N Petrenko, RV Chereji, MN McClean, AV Morozov, JR Broach Mol. Biol. Cell 24, 2045 (2013)
OBD Protocols and Standards Applied on Commercial Vehicles

With the technology development of modern commercial vehicles,on-board diagnosis(OBD)based on CAN bus becomes the mainstream.In this article,the main OBD protocol of the modern commercial vehicle was described,with its equal layers being analyzed and compared.The development of WWW-OBD protocol was also predicted.
Regular Expression and Standard Properly End Petri Net

The method to create a Petri net according to a known language expression or a language set is an important problem in Petri net language theory. In order to resolve this problem,a new Petri net model named standard properly end Petri net was introduced. The properties of operations in standard properly end Petri net,such as connection,union,kleene closure and concurrence,were researched. The equivalence between standard properly end Petri net language and regular language was proved. And the transformation method from regular expression to standard properly end Petri net (with empty-label) was given. Fourth more,the transformation method from the regular expression with concurrence operation to standard properly end Petri net (without empty-label) was given as an essential complement of formal language theory.
Analysis on the disinfection quality of medical agencies in Fogang county from 2009 to 2011

Objective:To evaluate the overall conditions of disinfection quality in medical agencies of Fogang county and find out the cause of infection in all medical agencies in Fogang.Therefore,the hidden dangers can be eliminated beforehand.And to provide proofs to improve management of disinfection in all medical agencies.Methods:The disinfection quality of medical agencies was inspected according to "Standard for disinfection technology" issued by the Ministry of Health,GB15982-1995 "Hygienic standard for hospital infection" and "Guangdong technological scheme for monitoring disinfection quality of medical agencies and kindergartens".Results:A total of 5710 disinfection samples from medical agencies have been inspected from 2009 to 2011,5332 samples were qualified.Namely,the passing rate reached 93.38%.And the passing rates of these three years were 91.28%,94.63% and 94.09% in turn.The passing rate of the indoor air was 60.15%,which was 86.21% for medical staff′s hands,96.01% for the intensity of ultraviolet lamp and 97.14% for object surface.There has been an obvious difference in passing rates of medical agencies in the county,towns,villages and individual ones.The same difference was also found in different areas of our county.Conclusion:The average passing rate of disinfection inspection stays very close to the average rate of 91.04% in the whole province.However,the disinfection quality of indoor air and medical workers′ hands were poorer than that of the whole province.Thus,more appropriate measures should be taken to improve the overall disinfection level.
Development of an NH4Cl-Catalyzed Ethoxy Ethyl Deprotection in Flow for the Synthesis of Merestinib

An NH4Cl-catalyzed ethoxy ethyl deprotection was developed for the synthesis of merestinib, a MET inhibitor. Alternative reactor technologies using temperatures above the solvent boiling point are combined with this mild catalyst to promote the deprotection reaction. The reaction is optimized for flow and has been used to synthesize over 100 kg of the target compound. The generality of the reaction conditions is also demonstrated with other compounds and protecting groups.