cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Relative Orientation of Multiple Cameras

There are two groups of solutions to the problem of analytical aerotriangulation. The first group uses a cantilever extension technique based on independent triangulation of two-photograph models that can then be assembled into strips and blocks. The second group uses, simultaneously, all the data available to reconstruct mathematically the bundles of rays forming the photogrammetric system. Although the second approach represents the best statistical approach, it has not gained as much popularity as the first group, because of the great number of normal equations to which this approach leads. A compromise based on independent triangulation of models involving more than two photographs has distinct advantages. The solution developed by Elassal, based on simultaneous relative orientation of multiple cameras, reconstructs the bundle of rays in an arbitrary space independent from the terrestrial space. The cumulative warping associated with cantilever extension is kept to a minimum by the choice of an appropriate starting point of the extension. A program based on this solution was written for an IBM 7094 computer and can handle up to fifteen photographs simultaneously.
Silicon on Lithium Niobate: A Hybrid Electro-Optical Platform for Near- and Mid-Infrared Photonics

A thin layer of silicon is transferred onto a lithium niobate substrate, forming a hybrid electro-optical platform, on which ring resonators are fabricated and characterized at 1550 nm, showing an optical loss of 3.0±0.5 dB/cm.
Development of a linear Hall thruster

In this paper, we present a discussion of the physics of modern Hall thrusters and the impact that this physics may have on the design of new thrusters of varying geometries and power. Particular attention is placed on the design of a linear-device (non-coaxial) and the issue of closing the electron drift in the E x B direction. A new thruster was designed with appropriate scaling to operate at powers in the 50-100W range. The thruster has been fabricated and preliminary tests have been performed. A stable operation has been achieved only at off-design conditions. Attempts to operate the discharge stably at design conditions were unsuccessful, and resulted in pulsed operation in the frequency range of approximately 1 lOHz. It is believed that the pulsed operation is a result of the lack of an adequately closed (short circuited) Hall current.
The Effects of Methylphenidate on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert, Locus Coeruleus, and Ventral Tegmental Area in Healthy Adults.

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) influences catecholaminergic signaling. Extant work examined the effects of MPH on the neural circuits of attention and cognitive control, but few studies have investigated the effect of MPH on the brain’s resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Methods: In this observational study, we compared rsFC of a group of 24 healthy adults who were administered an oral 45 mg dose of MPH with a group of 24 age and gender matched controls who did not receive MPH. We focused on three seed regions: basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM), locus coeruleus (LC), and ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra, pars compacta (VTA/SNc), each providing cholinergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic inputs to the cerebral cortex. Images were pre-processed and analyzed as in our recent work [1-2]. We used one-sample t test to characterize group-specific rsFC of each seed region and two-sample t test to compare rsFC between groups. Results: MPH reversed negative connectivity between BNM and precentral gyri. MPH reduced positive connectivity between LC and cerebellum, and induced positive connectivity between LC and right hippocampus. MPH decreased positive VTA/SNc connectivity to the cerebellum, and reduced negative connectivity to left middle occipital gyrus. Conclusion: MPH had distinct effects on the rsFC of BNM, LC, and VTA/SNc in healthy adults. These new findings may further our understanding of the role of catecholaminergic signaling in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson’s disease and provide insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of MPH in the treatment of clinical conditions that implicate catecholaminergic dysfunction.
242 BONE AND BODY COMPOSITION IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN: CROSS-VALIDATION OF NON-INVASIVE METHODS.

Background Measurement of physical growth and body composition are used to monitor growth and nutrition status in infants. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), quantitative ultrasound (QUS), and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are non-invasive methods that have been used independently in neonates to determine bone and body composition. Cross-validation of these methods in infants has not been reported. Purpose To cross-validate three non-invasive methods (BIA, QUS, and DEXA) of bone and body composition in healthy infants and children ages 0-36 months. Design A cross-sectional sample of healthy white, non-Hispanic ( n = 78; 35 M) and Hispanic ( n = 91; 50 M) infants and young children stratified by age (0 M, n = 51; 6 M, n = 39; 12 M, n = 45, and 36 M, n = 34) were studied. Height, weight, total body water (TBW = 0.76 + 0.18 (ht 2 /z) + 0.39Wt) by BIA (Quantum II, RJL Systems), and speed of sound of the tibia (SOS, MHz) by QUS (Sunlight Omnisense 7000) were measured. Bone area, mineral content, and density (BA, cm 2 , BMC, g and BMD, g/cm 2 ) of the proximal forearm by peripheral DEXA (pDEXA, Norland Medical Systems) were determined for all newborn infants and whole body DEXA (Hologic 4500A) was obtained in a subset of subjects at 0 M ( n = 22) and 36 M ( n = 5). The strength of the relationships between BIA and DEXA measures of fat-free mass and QUS and DEXA measures of bone were evaluated by Pearson correlations. Results Weight and height did not differ by gender although mean height was greater in white, non-Hispanic subjects (65.0 ± 2.9 cm vs 58.2 ± 11.6 cm; p = .01). Age, weight, and height were positively associated with TBW, SOS, and whole body FFM by DEXA ( r 2 = .73-.99, p = .001). Whole body fat-free mass by DEXA was strongly related to TBW by BIA ( r 2 = .99, p = .001). Tibia bone strength by QUS was positively correlated with both proximal forearm and whole body BMC ( r 2 = .72, p = .001) and inversely related to whole body BMD ( r 2 = -.60, p = .001). Conclusion BIA and QUS appear to provide valid assessments of lean and bone mass, respectively, in healthy infants and young children. Furthermore, the absence of radiation exposure, decreased cost, and portability are potential advantages of the BIA and QUS methods over x-ray technologies.
Role of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolism in epidermal growth factor initiated proliferation of Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds to specific receptors located on the cell surface and initiates a series of biochemical events that ultimately leads to cellular proliferation. Occupation of EGF receptor by EGF stimulates the receptor’s intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which phosphorylates key tyrosine residues present in several intracellular signaling proteins that link the cell surface with the nucleus. Phosphorylation of these signaling proteins regulates their catalytic activity. The nature of this intracellular communication is poorly understood and thus is the subject of intense study. Several lines of evidence suggest the prostaglandin H synthase and lipoxygenase catalyzed metabolites of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid modulate the EGF mitogenic signal in fibroblasts.
Predicting Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia By Routine Laboratory Values: An Analysis Of 126 Patients With Breast Cancer Referred For Bone Marrow Biopsy At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

Abstract The incidence of therapy related AML (t-AML) after adjuvant treatment of breast cancer has been estimated at 0.5%-1% of all patients in retrospective studies. While the absolute incidence of t-AML is low, the high prevalence of breast cancer in the United States – 2.8 million Americans are currently living with a diagnosis of breast cancer ( http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html ) - makes the burden of t-AML significant. Oncologists and hematologists are often confronted with a breast cancer patient who develops unexplained cytopenias. The differential diagnosis includes therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) or t-AML, chemotherapy effect, or breast cancer metastatic to the bone marrow. We evaluated factors that might inform whether a patient had t-MDS or t-AML to determine whether a bone marrow biopsy was indicated to aid diagnosis or whether a patient could be reassured and monitored with close outpatient follow up. 128 patients seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) who had a diagnosis of breast cancer, referred for a bone marrow biopsy between 2002 and 2012 were identified using the MSKCC institutional database and 126 patients were included in the analysis (2 excluded because of missing BM biopsy dates). Baseline characteristics of the patients are detailed in table 1. Patients were grouped based on bone marrow biopsy result: those who were found to have t-MDS or t-AML, those with breast cancer metastatic to the bone marrow, and those with a hypocellular marrow with no evidence of MDS, leukemia, or metastatic breast carcinoma. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Table 1 . Distribution of Characteristics by Bone Marrow Biopsy Result Characteristic All AML/MDS Metastatic BC in Bone Marrow Neither N=126 N=40 N=45 N=41 ANC ≥1.5k 93 (74%) 17 (43%) 42 (93%) 34 (83%) 32 (25%) 22 (55%) 3 (7%) 7 (17%) missing 1 (1%) 1 0 0 Median (Range) 2.5 (0 - 11.4) 1.3 (0 - 11.4) 3 (1.2 - 7.9) 2.5 (0.3 - 7.8) Hemoglobin ≥10 83 (66%) 25 (63%) 19 (42%) 39 (95%) 43 (34%) 15 (38%) 26 (58%) 2 (5%) Median (Range) 10.7 (6.1 - 16) 10.8 (6.1 - 16) 9.6 (6.4 - 15.5) 12 (8.5 - 14.2) Platelets ≥100k 64 (51%) 12 (30%) 17 (38%) 35 (85%) 61 (48%) 27 (68%) 28 (62%) 6 (15%) missing 1 (1%) 1 0 0 Median (Range) 113 (10 - 904) 69 (25 - 464) 82 (10 - 904) 181 (49 - 574) Prior Anthracycline or Alkylating Agents Neither 37 (29%) 9 (23%) 14 (31%) 14 (34%) At least 1 agent 89 (71%) 31 (78%) 31 (69%) 27 (66%) In univariate analysis, low absolute neutrophil count (ANC) By multivariable analysis, both ANC and thrombocytopenia remained significantly associated with an increased likelihood of t-MDS/t-AML after controlling for hemoglobin and the receipt of any anthracycline or alkylating agent prior to BM biopsy (OR=9.8, 95%CI(3.7, 25.5), p In breast cancer patients with unexplained and persistent cytopenias, neutropenia Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Positive Behavior Support

Positive behavior support (PBS) represents a problem-solving framework that embodies research-based practices. Originating from a societal need for nonaversive behavior intervention for people with disabilities, PBS focuses on positive, educative procedures that foster the development of adaptive behavior repertoires, in contrast to aversive punishments for behavioral suppression. PBS is a practical technology intended for use by typical intervention agents in typical settings. As such, the unit of analysis is homes, schools, workplaces, and other complex naturalistic settings. Within PBS, intervention is emphasized on a broad scale and goes beyond the immediate environment to classroom, group, and systems-level contingencies that may impact behavior. A principal objective of PBS is to assist individuals in achieving goals in a socially acceptable manner, thereby removing all relevancy and effectiveness of problem behavior, thus reducing or eliminating problem behavior episodes. A hallmark of the technology is focusing intervention on the problem context as well as the problem behavior. It is representative of behavior support with a greater emphasis on comprehensive supports including teaching of replacement behaviors that make problem behavior inefficient, manipulation of consequences to ensure appropriate behaviors are more satisfying, and design of effective environments to make problem behaviors irrelevant. PBS is increasingly expected to be the standard for behavior support within the area of developmental disabilities and is also being extended to many other disciplines (i.e., emotional behavioral disorders, mental health, etc.). As well, the essential elements of PBS such as its focus on behavior-based education, environmental redesign, and accountability have expanded to larger units of analysis (i.e., families, schools, workplaces) in more comprehensive and preventive methods.
Robotic vertical jumping agility via series-elastic power modulation

Several arboreal mammals have the ability to rapidly and repeatedly jump vertical distances of 2 m, starting from rest. We characterize this performance by a metric we call vertical jumping agility. Through basic kinetic relations, we show that this agility metric is fundamentally constrained by available actuator power. Although rapid high jumping is an important performance characteristic, the ability to control forces during stance also appears critical for sophisticated behaviors. The animal with the highest vertical jumping agility, the galago (Galagosenegalensis), is known to use a power-modulating strategy to obtain higher peak power than that of muscle alone. Few previous robots have used series-elastic power modulation (achieved by combining series-elastic actuation with variable mechanical advantage), and because of motor power limits, the best current robot has a vertical jumping agility of only 55% of a galago. Through use of a specialized leg mechanism designed to enhance power modulation, we constructed a jumping robot that achieved 78% of the vertical jumping agility of a galago. Agile robots can explore venues of locomotion that were not previously attainable. We demonstrate this with a wall jump, where the robot leaps from the floor to a wall and then springs off the wall to reach a net height that is greater than that accessible by a single jump. Our results show that series-elastic power modulation is an actuation strategy that enables a clade of vertically agile robots.
The Use of Membrane Fusion to Understand the Role of Lung Surfactant Protein B in Lipid Trafficking

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a disorder affecting premature babies who lack or have a complete absence of the essential lung surfactant components produced during proper fetal lung development. Composed of a mixture of lipids and proteins, Lung Surfactant lines the alveoli, providing a barrier against inhaled pathogens, lowering the surface tension at the air-fluid interface, and facilitating oxygen absorption. Specifically, Surfactant protein B (SP-B) has been identified as a major protein in surface tension reduction and lipid trafficking to the air-fluid interface of the alveoli. Previous studies have shown selective interactions with DPPC in SP-B penetration, possibly suggesting the flipping of DPPC to the air-fluid interface. We will study the phase separations and trafficking abilities of SP-B to better understand how it lowers surface tension. Using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer with the fluorescent probes Rhodamine-PE and NBD-PE, we will monitor the predicted effects of SP-B in mediating membrane fusion and inducing phase separations. This method allows us to demonstrate the role of SP-B in lipid trafficking in a fast and cost effective manner with minimal sample consumption.
Effects of Dance Classes on Cognition, Depression, and Self-Efficacy in Parkinson’s Disease

Executive function is an area of cognition commonly impaired in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Deficits often result in poor planning, slow reactions, and reduced initiative. Reduced physical function is also associated with PD but studies indicated that it can significantly improve through dance (Earhart, 2009; Hackney et al., 2007a, b). Dance may provide some positive effect on executive function but there’s little research investigating the effects of dance on cognitive symptoms of PD. The objective of this study was to determine whether executive function improves in individuals with PD following a dance program. Three different executive function measures (semantic fluency, dice, and fist-edge-palm) were assessed before and after an 8-week dance class that met twice a week. All measures were from the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease-cognition (SCOPA-COG). The fist-edge-palm measure was also assessed before and after one single class. Six individuals with PD and between 62 and 87 years of age participated in the study. Results showed no significant changes in any of the three executive function tests administered before and after the 8-week dance program. However, the fist-edge-palm measure given before and after a single class significantly improved (p = 0.02). This suggests that therapeutic dance may specifically improve the executive function domain of cognition, particularly when connected to physical movement. This finding also suggests that participating in dance class on a daily short-term basis can improve executive function. If this effect is consistent, dance programs could improve short-term executive function in individuals with PD.
Positional Tremor and its Treatment.

Background Positional tremors arise when a patient's tremor is brought on during specific positioning of the involved body part. They can be distinguished from postural tremor, wherein a patient's tremor is elicited in any posture, and from task-specific tremor, wherein a patient's tremor occurs only during a certain task. Cases We describe two cases of positional tremor that are markedly improved with botulinum toxin injection. Discussion The term “positional” is a valuable descriptor for tremors. In patients with positional tremor, botulinum toxin may be beneficial for treatment. Lidocaine injection provides a transient way to test for the appropriateness of botulinum toxin injection in these patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Triglycerides are negatively correlated with cognitive function in nondemented aging adults.

Objective Vascular risk factors like hyperlipidemia may adversely affect brain function. We hypothesized that increased serum triglycerides are associated with decreased executive function and memory in nondemented elderly subjects. We also researched possible vascular mediators and white matter microstructure as assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Design/method Participants were 251 nondemented elderly adults (54% male) with a mean age of 78 (SD = 6.4; range: 62-94) years and a mean education of 15.6 (SD = 2.9; range: 8-23) years. Fasting blood samples were used to detect serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels along with ApoE4 status. DTI was used to determine whole brain fractional anisotropy (FA). Composite executive and memory scores were derived from item response theory. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores provided informant-based measures of daily functioning. Results Triglyceride levels were inversely correlated with executive function, but there was no relationship with memory. Controlling for age, gender, and education did not affect this correlation. This relationship persisted after controlling for vascular risk factors like LDL, total cholesterol, CDR and ApoE4 status. Lastly, adding whole-brain FA to the model did not affect the correlation between triglycerides and executive function. Conclusion Triglyceride levels are inversely correlated with executive function in nondemented elderly adults after controlling for age, education, gender, total cholesterol, LDL, ApoE4 status, CDR, and white-matter microstructure. The fact that the effect of triglycerides on cognition was not clearly mediated by vascular risks or cerebrovascular injury raises questions about widely held assumptions of how triglycerides might impact cognition function. (PsycINFO Database Record
Let’s Bet on High Quality Connecting as a Path for Fostering Well-Being at Work

Scholars and practitioners alike need a wake-up call. Despite the compelling evidence that positive relationships with others in our workplaces are central for health and well-being we do not pay sufficient attention to how to foster positive relationships at work. At the heart of positive relationships is the idea of high quality connecting. High quality connecting captures ways of interacting in small moments where both people experience positive regard, a sense vitality and feel mutually able to participate in the interaction (Dutton JE, Heaphy E, The power of high-quality connections. In: Cameron KS, Dutton JE, Quinn RE (eds) Positive organizational scholarship: foundations of a new discipline. Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco, pp 263–278, 2003). It is the type of interacting that strengthens people in the moment, contributing to their short and long-term well-being at work. Fostering high quality connecting in workplaces is perhaps the most potent and more enduring way to create the conditions for sustainable human well-being and enhanced performance at work. This essay makes the case for why high quality connecting is so crucial for well-being, then it identifies 5 key steps that tap into different action domains where practitioners can make a difference in fostering high quality connecting. Since none of these steps have been rigorously tested by researchers, this essay is also an invitation to researchers to get busy—we need more studies that investigate how and to what degree different means of high quality connecting build individual and collective well-being at work.
The Protective Effect of A Short Peptide Derived From Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) functions as damage-associated molecular pattern and has been demonstrated to be responsible in part for the damage occurring after renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). A short peptide derived from CIRP, named C23, binds to myeloid differentiation factor 2, a Toll-like receptor 4 coreceptor. We hypothesize that C23 reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury by blocking CIRP. We observed that pretreatment with C23 significantly decreased the levels of recombinant mouse CIRP-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a dose-dependent fashion in cultured macrophages. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to bilateral renal pedicle clamps for 35 min to induce ischemia, followed by reperfusion for 24 h and harvest of blood and renal tissue. C23 peptide (8 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally at the beginning of reperfusion. Plasma TNF-α, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 levels were decreased in C23-treated RIR mice as compared with vehicle-treated mice by 74%, 85%, and 68%, respectively. Expressions of TNF-α and keratinocyte chemoattractant in the kidneys from C23-treated mice were decreased by 55% and 60%, respectively. Expression of kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the kidney of C23-treated mice were significantly reduced by 46% and 55%, respectively. Renal tissue histological assessments revealed significant reduction in damage score by 44% in C23-treated mice. Finally, a survival study revealed a significant survival advantage with a 70% survival rate in C23 group vs. 37% in vehicle group. Thus, C23 has potential as a novel therapy for the patients suffering from I/R-induced renal injury.
Dietary Supplement Adverse Event Report Data From the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS), 2004-2013.

Background: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) oversees the safety of the nation’s foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products. Obje...
Role of CD4 and CD8 in Determining Cell Fate in the Thymus

Publisher Summary CD8 and CD4 are cell surface receptors that are expressed on non-overlapping sets of mature T cells. CD8 binds to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and is found on T cells that have an antigen receptor (TCR) that is restricted to class I MHC molecules. CD4 binds to class II MHC molecules and is found on class II-specific T cells. CD8 and CD4 expression correlates with T cell effector function: CD4 + class II-specific T cells are predominantly helper T cells, whereas CD8 + class I-specific T cells have cytotoxic activity. CD8 and CD4 are required for efficient recognition of peptide-MHC complexes by mature T cells. Although several T cell surface molecules are required for efficient T cell responses, CD8 and CD4 are unique because they function in concert with the TCR, by binding to the same MHC molecules. This property has led to the designation of CD8 and CD4 as coreceptors. In addition to their role in mature T cell responses to foreign peptide and MHC molecules, CD4 and CD8 are involved in the recognition of self MHC molecules, which occurs during thymic development. To survive and mature, thymocytes must recognize self MHC molecules as they develop in a process known as “positive selection.”
A Single-center Experience Examining the Length of Stay and Safety of Early Discharge After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

This study’s objective was to describe our experience and evaluate the safety of early discharge (ED) following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in a specific patient population. Patients undergoing LRYGB at Montefiore Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients readmitted in the first 30 days following surgery were compared to those patients who were not readmitted. Data analysis was used to compare groups and to determine factors associated with readmission. In addition to patient demographics, length of stay (LOS) was analyzed as an independent risk factor for readmission. A total of 630 LRYGB were performed during this period. There were 5.1% (n = 32) of patients that required readmission within 30 days of discharge. Readmitted patients had a higher BMI (50.0 vs. 45.8; p = 0.006) and there was a trend for them to be younger (38.4 years vs. 42.0; p = 0.07). There was an increased rate of ED in 2015 (36.7%, n = 121) compared to 2014 (29.9%, n = 90). The readmission rate for ED for the study period was 4.7% (n = 10). There were no observed mortalities in our early discharge group of patients. Discharge on post-operative day 1 following a LRYGB is safe and is not associated with an increased likelihood of being readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Our single-center experience helps to better characterize current patient profiles and length of stay trends within the field and can be used to establish a randomized controlled trial for discharging patients early after LRYGB.
Powassan Virus Disease in the United States, 2006-2016.

Abstract Background: Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes rare, but often severe, disease in humans. POWV neuroinvasive disease was added to the U.S. nationally notifiable d...
An MLP-aware leakage-free memory controller

Timing channels can be exploited to leak information between two virtual machines running on a shared server. Indeed, cache timing channels are important components in the Spectre attack. A shared memory controller can also be leveraged to establish a timing channel. Recent efforts have designed memory controllers that eliminate such timing channels, but that incur throughput penalties of over 2X. This paper advances the state-of-the-art by better matching the memory controller policies to the memory-level-parallelism (MLP) needs of typical applications. Our new memory controller improves upon the performance of the state-of-the-art policy by 14%, while eliminating memory controller timing channels.
Evaluation and Calibration of In Silico Models of Thrombin Generation Using Experimental Data from Healthy and Haemophilic Subjects

The coagulation cascade comprises numerous chemical reactions between many proteins, that finally lead to the formation of a clot to stop bleeding. Many numerical models have attempted to translate understanding of this cascade into mathematical equations that simulate the chain reactions. However, their predictions have not been validated against clinical data stemming from patients. In this paper, we propose an extensive validation of five available models, by comparing in healthy and haemophilic subjects, thrombin generation measured in vitro to thrombin generation predicted by the models in silico. In order to render the models more predictive, we calibrated the models to have an acceptable agreement between the experimental and estimated data. Optimization processes based on genetic algorithms were developed to search for those calibrated kinetic parameters. Our results show that the thrombin generation kinetics are so complex that they cannot be predicted by a unique set of kinetic parameters for all patients: the calibration of only three parameters in a subject-specific way allows reaching good model estimations for different experimental conditions realized on the same patient.
The Communal Basis of Social Knowledge

Thus far our analysis has failed to distinguish between experience and language, between the world as sensed and talk about the world. We have spoken about stimulus factors, psychological processes, and behavioral activities as if the words could furnish an adequate representation of events in nature. In effect, we have misleadingly treated words as if they could bear a point-to-point relationship to a prefashioned reality. Yet, if we extend our initial argument for continuous alteration of the experiential world, it becomes readily apparent that in adopting a language of entities the experiential world has been transformed. The language has created independent and enduring entities in an experienced world of prevailing fluctuation. It is the recognition of this discrepancy between experience and language that provides a useful departure point for examining the character of theory in the sociobehavioral sciences. As this analysis will demonstrate, the major functions assigned to theory within the traditional empiricist perspective are highly problematic. The attempt to establish theories subject to correction through observation would appear misguided. Yet, if the assumptions underlying the present analysis are extended, it is found that theoretical accounts of human action possess enormous potential that has been largely overlooked. When fully appreciated, these capacities may serve as the inspiration for a science of far greater potential than hitherto imagined.
Functional Obstructive Uropathy: A Significant Factor in the Hyponatremia of Psychogenic Polydipsia?

A case is presented of psychogenic polydipsia with hyponatremia. Prolonged observation of the patient revealed that episodes of hyponatremia correlated best with bladder failure and were promptly corrected by bladder catheterization. Bladder catheterization for underlying functional obstructive uropathy should be considered early in the treatment of patients with psychogenic polydipsia and hyponatremia.
Patterns of adversity and pathways to health among White, Black, and Latinx youth

Abstract Research has demonstrated the negative impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on long-term trajectories of mental and physical health. Yet existing literature on this topic is limited in its understanding of outcomes among youth samples, optimal measurement items and methods, and differences in adverse experiences across race/ethnicity. The current study used a person-centered approach to measure ACEs and their impact on youth health outcomes across three different racial/ethnic groups from a large national database. Patterns of exposure to adverse experiences among Black, Latinx, and White youth (N = 30,668, ages 12–17) were determined empirically using latent class analysis (LCA). Significant differences in class membership by demographic indicators (age, household income, sex) and concurrent health outcomes were identified. Different models emerged for Black (2 classes), Latinx (3 classes), and White youth (3 classes). Older and lower-income youth were more likely to have experienced adversities, but there were no differences in adversity likelihood by sex. Additionally, racial/ethnic minority youth were at greater risk of experiencing higher levels of adversity, poverty, and poor health when compared to their White counterparts. Rather than occuring in meaningful clusters, adverse experiences among youth reflected a cumulative risk model such that classes were defined by the overall intensity of adverse experiences (i.e., low, moderate, high). Findings provide greater knowledge regarding the relationship between ACEs and health and future research directions to inform more targeted and culturally-appropriate screening, prevention, and intervention programs.
Global Radiation Belt Modeling: Combined MHD, Ring Current and Test-Particle Simulations

During geomagnetic storms the intensities of the outer radiation belt electron population can exhibit dramatic variability. In the main phase electron intensities exhibit deep depletion over a broad region of the outer belt. The intensities then increase during the recovery phase, often to levels that significantly exceed their pre-storm values. In this study we analyze the depletion, recovery and eventual enhancement of radiation belt intensities during the 2013 St. Patrick's day geomagnetic storm. We simulate the evolution of the high-energy electron population comprising the outer radiation belt using our newly-developed test particle radiation belt model (CHIMP) based on a hybrid guiding-center/Lorentz integrator and electromagnetic fields derived from a coupled 3D ring current and global MHD simulation (LFM-RCM). Our approach differs from previous work in that we use MHD information to identify regions of strong, bursty, and azimuthally localized Earthward convection in the magnetotail where test particles are then seeded. In other words, magnetospheric electromagnetic fields inform how test-particles evolve and the plasma flow informs where and when new test-particles are created. This is key to reproducing injection of energized plasma sheet electrons into the outer belt.
Introduction: Beowulf or Brutus of Troy?

Strabone offers a new theory of poetry’s role in the rise of nationalism. It provides an important revision to Benedict Anderson’s account of European nationalism in Imagined Communities and new insights about poetics, print media, and medievalism. The book’s Archipelagic approach to British literature and history devotes roughly equal attention to England, Scotland, and Wales. This chapter draws on England’s legal and ecclesiastical history to highlight the absence of early modern interest in pre-Chaucerian poetry, including Beowulf. Instead, Elizabethan textual antiquarians used pre-Norman laws and sermons—but not poetry—to antiquate the history of the Kingdom and Church of England. The chapter includes a thorough review of scholarship on nationalism, mediation, and Romanticism, and explains how poetic metre can be used as an epistemological tool.
Exposure to environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations negatively impacts early life stages of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Abstract Cadmium is a persistent contaminant of surface waters. The effects of cadmium on early life stages of fish are not well understood, although they are often disproportionately affected by contaminants. The objectives of this study were to examine effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations on growth, development, cellular stress, and glucose metabolism of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Eggs were wet-fertilized in treatment water at concentrations of 0.4 (control), 2.2 (low), or 8.5 (high) μg L−1 and monitored through swim-up, black fry stage. Eggs and fry accumulated cadmium dose-dependently. Fertilization rates were unaffected, yet hatch rate was significantly reduced in the high treatment. Survival to black fry and overall size and condition factor were not affected; however, differences in yolk sac size, and presumably energetics of yolk fry, was detected. Physiological pathways were also affected, demonstrated by altered gene expression, most notably in genes related to carbohydrate metabolism. Elevated expression of HK and G6PD, rather than G6P and GADPH, suggests glucose may be shunted towards the pentose-phosphate pathway. Overall, observations indicate cadmium negatively affects development in early life stages of channel catfish, which could lead to shifts in population structure and life history patterns in exposed populations of wild fish.
Does Social Support Mediate the Association Between Maltreatment Experiences and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence.

The current study examined social support as a mediator between maltreatment experiences (number of victimizations, maltreatment types) and depressive symptoms in adolescence. The data came from th...
Correlations between graduate student writing concepts and processes and certainty of career trajectories

At the graduate level, most milestones are based on the ability to write for an academic audience, whether that be for dissertation proposals, publications, or funding opportunities. Writing scholars often discuss the process by which graduate students learn to join their academic “discourse communities” through academic literacies theory. Graduate attrition researchers relate the feeling of belonging with persistence in doctoral programs; however, there has not to date been any research that directly studies engineering writing attitudes and perceptions with student career trajectories, persistence, or attrition. To meet this need, this paper presents research from a larger study analyzing graduate level engineering writing and attrition. The explicit objective of this paper is to present quantitative data relating current graduate engineering students’ attitudes, processes, and concepts of academic writing with the certainty of their career trajectory. Five scales measuring aspects of writing were deployed to engineering programs at ten research intensive universities across the United States, with a final total of n=621 graduate student respondents that represent early-career, mid-career, and late-career stages of the graduate timeline. Results indicate that graduate student processes and conceptions of engineering writing correlate with the likelihood of pursuing careers in various engineering sectors after completing their graduate degree programs.
Association of Preoperative Opioid Use With Mortality and Short-term Safety Outcomes After Total Knee Replacement.

Importance Prescription opioid use is common among patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis before undergoing total knee replacement (TKR). Preoperative opioid use may be associated with worse clinical and safety outcomes after TKR. Objective To determine the association of preoperative opioid use among patients 65 years and older with mortality and other complications at 30 days post-TKR. Design, Setting, And Participants This cohort study used claims data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014, from a random sample of US Medicare enrollees 65 years and older who underwent TKR. Based on opioid dispensing in 360 days prior to TKR, patients were classified as continuous (≥1 opioid dispensing in each of the past 12 months) or intermittent (any dispensing of opioids in the past 12 months but not continuous use) opioid users or as opioid-naive patients (no opioids dispensed in the past 12 months). Data analyses were conducted from October 3, 2017, to November 8, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and 30-day post-TKR mortality, hospital readmission, and revision operation. Secondary safety outcomes at 30 days post-TKR included opioid overdose and vertebral and nonvertebral fracture. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results Of 316 593 patients (mean [SD] age, 73.9 [5.8] years; 214 677 [67.8%] women) who underwent TKR, 22 895 (7.2%) were continuous opioid users, 161 511 (51.0%) were intermittent opioid users, and 132 187 (41.7%) were opioid naive. In-hospital mortality occurred in 276 patients (0.09%). At 30 days post-TKR, 828 patients (0.26%) died, 16 786 patients (5.30%) had hospital readmission, and 921 patients (0.29%) had a revision operation. All primary and secondary outcomes occurred more frequently among continuous opioid users compared with opioid-naive patients. Compared with opioid-naive patients and after adjusting for demographic characteristics, combined comorbidity score, number of different prescription medications, and frailty, continuous opioid users had greater risk of revision operations (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.15-2.32), vertebral fractures (HR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.37-4.09), and opioid overdose (HR, 4.82; 95% CI, 1.36-17.07) at 30 days post-TKR. However, after adjusting covariates, there were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.73-1.90) or 30-day (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73-1.51) mortality between continuous opioid users and opioid-naive patients. Conclusions and Relevance After adjusting for baseline risk profiles, including comorbidities and frailty, continuous opioid users had a higher risk of revision operations, vertebral fractures, and opioid overdose at 30 days post-TKR but not of in-hospital or 30-day mortality, compared with opioid-naive patients. These results highlight the need for better understanding of patient characteristics associated with chronic opioid use to optimize preoperative assessment of overall risk after TKR.
Rat bone properties and their relationship to gait during growth.

ABSTRACT Allometric relationships have been studied over different Orders of mammals to understand how bone accommodates the mechanical demands associated with increasing mass. However, less attention has been given to the scaling of bone within a single lifetime. We aimed to determine how bone morphology and tissue density are related to (1) bending and compressive strength, and (2) gait dynamics. Longitudinal in vivo computed tomography of the hindlimbs and gait data were collected from female rats (n=5, age 8–20 weeks). Cross-sectional properties and tissue density were measured at the diaphysis, distal and proximal regions of the tibia and scaling exponents were calculated. Finite element models of the tibia were used to simulate loading during walking using joint forces from inverse dynamics calculation to determine the strain energy density and longitudinal strain at the midshaft. Second moment of area at the diaphysis followed strain similarity-based allometry, while bone area trended towards positive allometry. Strain energy in the diaphysis under transverse loading was lower than axial loading throughout growth. While both axial and transverse loading resulted in bending, tensile strains were mitigated by a change in the neutral axis and resulted in overall lower longitudinal tensile strains. The tissue density and cross-sectional properties initially increased and converged by 11 weeks of age and were correlated with changes in ground reaction forces. The scaling analyses imply that rodent tibia is (re)modeled in order to sustain bending at the midshaft during growth. The finite element results and relatively constant density after 10 weeks of age indicate that structural parameters may be the primary determinant of bone strength in the growing rodent tibia. The correlations between bone properties and joint angles imply that the changes in posture may affect bone growth in specific regions.
A PUF hub drives self-renewal in C. elegans germline stem cells

ABSTRACT Stem cell regulation relies on extrinsic signaling from a niche plus intrinsic factors that respond and drive self-renewal within stem cells. A priori, loss of niche signaling and loss of the intrinsic self-renewal factors might be expected to have equivalent stem cell defects. Yet this simple prediction has not been borne out for most stem cells, including C. elegans germline stem cells (GSCs). The central regulators of C. elegans GSCs include extrinsically-acting GLP-1/Notch signaling from the niche, intrinsically-acting RNA binding proteins in the PUF family, termed FBF-1 and FBF-2 (collectively FBF), and intrinsically-acting PUF partner proteins that are direct Notch targets. Abrogation of either GLP-1/Notch signaling or its targets yields an earlier and more severe GSC defect than loss of FBF-1 and FBF-2, suggesting that additional intrinsic regulators must exist. Here, we report that those missing regulators are two additional PUF proteins, PUF-3 and PUF-11. Remarkably, an fbf-1 fbf-2; puf-3 puf-11 quadruple null mutant has a GSC defect virtually identical to that of a glp-1/Notch null mutant. PUF-3 and PUF-11 both affect GSC maintenance; both are expressed in GSCs; and epistasis experiments place them at the same position as FBF within the network. Therefore, action of PUF-3 and PUF-11 explains the milder GSC defect in fbf-1 fbf-2 mutants. We conclude that a “PUF hub”, comprising four PUF proteins and two PUF partners, constitutes the intrinsic self-renewal node of the C. elegans GSC RNA regulatory network. Discovery of this hub underscores the significance of PUF RNA-binding proteins as key regulators of stem cell maintenance.
Implementation of a Secure Text Messaging System to Reduce Interdisciplinary Communication Failures: Education in Clinical Informatics Through Quality Improvement

Objective: Interdisciplinary communication failures frequently contribute to medical mistakes and adverse events. At our institution, communication between team members previously occurred through unidirectional pager systems. In our study, we utilized quality improvement (QI) methodology to 1) implement a bidirectional secure text messaging system for residents and nurses on a general pediatrics ward, and 2) evaluate its impact on communication between providers. Specifically, our objective was to reduce potential communication failures between residents and nurses …
Phosphiranes, Phosphirenes, and Heavier Analogues

Abstract This chapter reviews the chemistry of phosphiranes, phosphirenes, and their heavier analogues reported from 2008 to 2018, with focus on the structure of the three-membered rings, synthesis, and reactivity, which is dominated by relief of ring strain. Applications as ligands for transition metals and use in catalysis are also considered.
Introduction to the special issue on English in the Southern United States: Social factors and language variation

The Southern United States have long been known for language diversity, yet linguistic research in this region has often focused on broad descriptions of characteristics of Southern American English as compared to other regional dialects of American English. Linguistic subregions in the South, however, are distinctly different from each other, and additional social variation also occurs within those subregions. Thus, the different English varieties spoken in the South cannot be collapsed under a single umbrella. Analyzing varieties of English in the Southern United States calls for a narrower approach, which will more accurately represent diverse Southern communities, their languages of practice, and the sound changes in process. Sociophonetic research on variation within English varieties in the Southern United States highlights theoretical and practical areas in speech acoustics that would otherwise remain under-documented and under-investigated, such as socially meaningful variation in vowel trajectories, nasalance of vowels, and temporal characteristics. The goal of this special issue is to bring together research that investigates the production and perception of Southern varieties of American English by documenting the segmental and prosodic patterns unique to these subregional varieties and by determining how these features are perceived by both Southerners and non-Southerners.