cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Diagnosis of Primary Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma of Parotid Gland by Fine Needle Aspiration: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) arising in the parotid gland is extremely rare and only accounts for 4% of primary lymphomas of the salivary glands. The nodular lymphocyte predominance HL (NLPHL) is the most common subtype. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) has a great potential in diagnosis of non-Hodgking lymphomas (NHL), especially in combination with flow cytometry. However, it is challenging to diagnose HL by FNA due to obscuring reactive inflammatory cells and scant cellularity associated with fibrosis. Primary HL of the parotid has a good prognosis following treatment with chemotherapy and radiation. Here we report a rare case of primary classical HL (CHL), nodular sclerosis type, arising in the parotid of a 73-year old male who presented with a painless parotid mass and no lymphadenopathy at other sites. In this case, the diagnosis was made on the surgical specimen following parotidectomy. The FNA of the parotid mass prior to the surgery was misinterpreted as carcinoma mainly due to the scant cellularity, Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells mimicking poorly differentiated carcinoma cells, and the extremely low occurrence of HL in the parotid. The patient underwent chemotherapy and radiation after parotidectomy and has been doing well. In conclusion, primary HL of the parotid is extremely rare, and it is very challenging to make a definitive diagnose of HL by FNA. Despite the difficulties in diagnosis, primary parotid HL has a good prognosis compared to other parotid malignancy. It is important for pathologists and surgeons to be aware of this extremely rare entity. [N A J Med Sci. 2016;9(2):83-87. DOI: 10.7156/najms.2016.0902083]
Applying a novel statistical method to advance the personalized treatment of anxiety disorders: A composite moderator of comparative drop-out from CBT and ACT.

Abstract Background No prior studies have examined moderators of dropout between distinct treatments for anxiety disorders. This study applied a novel statistical approach for examining moderators of dropout from traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Method We combined data from two randomized controlled trials ( N = 208) comparing CBT and ACT for patients with DSM-IV anxiety disorders. Adapting Kraemer's method for constructing and evaluating composite moderators (2013), 26 variables were examined for individual effect sizes. Forward-stepwise regression combined with k -fold cross validation was used to identify a model to predict treatment dropout. Results Four baseline variables comprised the final composite moderator: self-reported degree of control over internal anxiety, current psychiatric medication use, religiosity, and endurance in a voluntary hyperventilation stressor. This composite moderator predicted differential dropout from ACT vs. CBT with a medium effect size ( r = 0.28), and had a significantly larger effect size than any individual moderator. Conclusions Findings reveal that specific patient profiles predict differential dropout from ACT vs. CBT for anxiety disorders. In the first investigation of a composite moderator with a dichotomous outcome, findings also support the superiority of composite over individual moderators.
Discovery of a Phosphonoacetic Acid Derived Natural Product by Pathway Refactoring

The activation of silent natural product gene clusters is a synthetic biology problem of great interest. As the rate at which gene clusters are identified outpaces the discovery rate of new molecules, this unknown chemical space is rapidly growing, as too are the rewards for developing technologies to exploit it. One class of natural products that has been underrepresented is phosphonic acids, which have important medical and agricultural uses. Hundreds of phosphonic acid biosynthetic gene clusters have been identified encoding for unknown molecules. Although methods exist to elicit secondary metabolite gene clusters in native hosts, they require the strain to be amenable to genetic manipulation. One method to circumvent this is pathway refactoring, which we implemented in an effort to discover new phosphonic acids from a gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. strain NRRL F-525. By reengineering this cluster for expression in the production host Streptomyces lividans, utility of refactoring is demonstrated wi...
Informatics for Crystallography: Designing Structure Maps

This chapter provides a discussion of how informatics tools can address one of the fundamental historical developments in crystal chemistry, that of structure maps. Such maps serve as a means to explore how specific parameters associated with crystal and electronic structure can serve as a way to rationalize groupings, or classifications, relating structure and chemistry. Historically, structure maps have evolved through a variety of heuristic approaches that define a priori how parameters may be important, and then classifications are discovered as one populates these maps with data. The resulting clustering of data serves as a heuristic tool to rationalize new discoveries and new structure–bonding relationships.
Comparison of personal diesel and biodiesel exhaust exposures in an underground mine

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to compare personal exposures to diesel fuel and a biodiesel blend exhaust in an underground mine. Personal exposure monitoring was performed in a non-operational, hard rock underground mine during use of a load-haul-dump vehicle. Eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA8) exposure concentrations of ultra-low sulfur diesel and 75% biodiesel/25% diesel blend (B75) fuels were compared. Compared to diesel, use of B75 was associated with relative percent reductions of 22 and 28% in median respirable (r) diesel particulate matter (DPM) and nitrogen dioxide and 25 and 23% increases in median total DPM and nitric oxide TWA8 exposure concentrations, respectively. Diesel was associated with a slightly greater total geometric mean mass concentration and lower mean surface area concentration. Although further testing is needed, B75 has the potential to reduce rDPM exposures.
Offshore Rayleigh group velocity observations of the South Island, New Zealand, from ambient noise data

We thank Captain and Crew of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson (cruise TN229), the R/V Roger Revelle (cruise RR1002), and the SIO OBSIP facility for expert assistance at sea. The OBS instruments used in this field program were provided by the U.S. National Ocean Bottom Seismic Instrumentation Pool (http://www.obsip.org). MOANA seismic data are archived at the IRIS Data Management Center. The collection of ocean bottom seismic data was funded by the National Science Foundation under grants EAR-0409564, EAR-0409609, and EAR-0409835. New Zealand onshore seismic data made available by the GeoNet project, sponsored by EQC, GNS Science, and LINZ. J. Stachnik acknowledges support from the CIRES postdoctoral fellowship program.. F.-C. Lin was supported by NSF grant CyberSEES- 1442665 and the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) under award OCRF-2014-CRG3- 2300. We thank Martha Savage, Dan Zietlow, Justin Ball, Craig Jones, Bill Fry, and Peter Molnar for valuable comments and discussion, and John Collins for leading the MOANA OBS experiment. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Editor Mike Ritzwoller for their constructive comments.
Titanium Mesh Nasal Repair without Nasal Lining.

The objective of this study was to describe outcomes for patients who underwent titanium mesh reconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects without internal lining repair. This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients with through-and-through nasal defects were identified at a single academic institution between 2008 and 2016. Nasal reconstruction was performed with either titanium mesh and external skin reconstruction without repair of the intranasal lining or traditional three-layer closure. Five patients underwent titanium mesh reconstruction and 11 underwent traditional three-layer repair. Median follow-up was 11 months (range, 2–66 months). The only significant difference between groups was older age in patients undergoing titanium reconstruction (mean, 81 vs. 63 years; difference of 18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4–32 years). Defect extent including overall size and structures removed was similar between groups ( p > 0.05). Paramedian forehead flap was the most common external reconstruction in both groups (100% for titanium mesh and 73% for three-layer closure). Time under anesthesia was significantly shorter for titanium mesh reconstruction (median, 119 vs. 314 minutes; difference of 195; 95% CI, 45–237). Estimated blood loss and length of hospital stay were similar between groups ( p > 0.05). Complication rates were substantial although not significantly different, 40 and 36% in titanium and three-layer reconstruction, respectively ( p > 0.05). All patients with complications after titanium reconstruction had prior or postoperative radiotherapy. Titanium mesh reconstruction of through-and-through nasal defects can successfully be performed without reconstruction of the intranasal lining, significantly decreasing operative times. This reconstructive technique may not be suitable for patients who undergo radiotherapy.
Wrongful Fusion: Equity and Tort

Equity and Tort appear to be strangers. Beyond historically making equitable relief available in some cases, equity did not intervene in tort law to the extent it did in contract and some aspects of property. And yet substantive equity focuses on wrongful conduct and affords persons the opportunity to seek remedies for such conduct through the courts. Are there ‘equitable wrongs’, and, if so, how if at all do they differ from torts? We focus on a particular function loosely associated with historic equity jurisdiction: equity supplements the law where it fails to address problems that are difficult to handle on the same ‘level’ on which they arise. In situations of conflicting rights, party opportunism, and interacting behavior, it is difficult to formulate solutions that do not make reference to the ordinary (primary level) set of rights and rules. Thus, it is often more effective to frame ‘abuse of rights’ in terms of what one can do with rights rather than formulate the right to make it resistant to abuse. We distinguish three scenarios at the intersection of equity and tort: (i) tort law itself contains a second-order element to deal with problems such as coming to the nuisance; (ii) equity solves an inadequacy of tort law, such as by reformulating privity, which is then incorporated into tort law going forward; and (iii) equity maintains a limited but open-ended capacity to counteract inadequacies of tort law, especially involving hard-to-foresee manipulation of rules and conflicts of rights. With the increasing fusion of law and equity, it has been difficult to maintain this second-order equitable function, but nowhere more so than at the equity-tort interface. Many of the interventions of equity, especially into areas of wrongful interference, invite redescription as torts, and have in fact induced courts to recognize new torts, for better and worse. On our account, this reformulation into tort is appropriate only where a problem is amenable to delineation in terms of general rights and fails where a degree of open-endedness is necessary to deal with party opportunism and new types of conflict. We also consider the diffusion of ‘flattened’ equitable notions into primary-level tort law, often in the form of balancing tests, which have in many ways rendered tort less coherent, stable, and law-like than is desirable.
Improved design for an automated tension infiltrometer

Automated measurements of water infiltration rates are commonly done using two gage transducers to measure water level changes in the reservoir of an infiltrometer. Previous studies have evaluated and described in detail infiltrometers automated with two gage-transducers and have shown that measurement precision and accuracy of soil hydraulic properties are improved. A previous study has also suggested the use of a single differential transducer to automate an infiltrometer to eliminate measurement error associated with air bubbles in the infiltrometer reservoir. In this study, the automation of a tension infiltrometer using a differential transducer was developed, evaluated, and applied. A single differential transducer was installed at the bottom of an infiltrometer reservoir and the other end was connected by tubing to the head-space in the reservoir. Calibration of the reservoir height measurements vs. transducer voltage output was simplified over previous methods and was even demonstrated in situ. Measurement precision was also improved by two orders of magnitude over previous methods. Measurements were also done to demonstrated the use of the single differential transducer set-up to obtain field measurements of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity. Unlike previous methods though, this method does not allow for the determination of the imposed potential at the soil surface unless adaptations are made.
Abstract 149: Pluripotency Factors Krüppel-Like Factor 4 and Octamer-binding Transcription Factor 4 Alter Indices of Plaque Stability in Long Term Western Diet Fed Mice by Regulating Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes

The bulk of life threatening thrombotic events have been associated with disruption of the fibrous cap, an atheroprotective layer of smooth muscle α-actin positive (ACTA2+) cells that form around the plaque, and the presence of a large foam cell-laden necrotic core within the plaque. Despite the overwhelming research demonstrating that ACTA2+ cells are beneficial for plaque stability, and cells positive for macrophage-markers are detrimental, there are major ambiguities regarding the origins of these cells, and their role in lesion stability. To clearly define the contribution of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within atherosclerotic lesions, we generated SMC specific lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice containing a SM myosin heavy chain ( Myh11 ) tamoxifen-inducible cre-recombinase gene and a floxed STOP ROSA eYFP gene ( Myh11 YFP ApoE-/- mice) thus allowing activation of eYFP exclusively in fully differentiated SMCs before the onset of atherosclerosis and subsequent determination of the fate of these cells and their progeny irrespective of continued expression of MYH11 or other SMC marker genes. Remarkably, our results reveal that 86% of SMCs cannot be identified using traditional SMC markers, such as ACTA2, and 23% of presumed macrophages (LGALS3+ cells) are derived from SMC origins. The last finding was confirmed in human coronary atheromas using the ISH-PLA approach. SMC specific knockout (KO) of the pluripotency factor Klf4 in Myh11 YFP ApoE-/- mice did not alter the frequency of phenotypically modulated (ACTA2-eYFP+) SMCs within atherosclerotic lesions of mice fed a high fat diet for 18 weeks, however, decreased the number of ACTA2-eYFP+ SMCs that expressed LGALS3, and increased several indices of plaque stability, suggesting a detrimental role for KLF4 in SMCs within atherosclerotic lesions. Conversely, SMC specific Oct4 KO resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of ACTA2-eYFP+ SMCs within the lesion with marked decreases in indices of plaque stability. In summary results show that the majority of SMC-derived cells within advanced atherosclerotic lesions cannot be identified using conventional SMC marker genes, and that phenotypic switching of SMC during atherogenesis is differentially regulated by the pluripotency factors KLF4 and OCT4.
Early protection to stress mediated by CDK-dependent PI3,5P2 signaling from the vacuole/lysosome

Adaptation to environmental stress is critical for cell survival. Adaptation generally occurs via changes in transcription and translation. However, there is a time lag before changes in gene expression, which suggests that more rapid mechanisms likely exist. In this study, we show that in yeast, the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85/CDK5 provides protection against hyperosmotic stress and acts before long-term adaptation provided by Hog1. This protection requires the vacuolar/endolysosomal signaling lipid PI3,5P 2 . We show that Pho85/CDK5 directly phosphorylates and positively regulates the PI3P-5 kinase Fab1/PIKfyve complex and provide evidence that this regulation is conserved in mammalian cells. Moreover, this regulation is particularly crucial in yeast for the stress-induced transient elevation of PI3,5P 2 . Our study reveals a rapid protection mechanism regulated by Pho85/CDK5 via signaling from the vacuole/lysosome, which is distinct temporally and spatially from the previously discovered long-term adaptation Hog1 pathway, which signals from the nucleus.
Effect of Sex of Career Models on Occupational Preferences of Adolescents.

The effects of career models depicted in the media of instruction and counseling on the career aspirations of young girls has been the subject of increasing debate in recent years. The debate has been spurred by the fact that while the proportion of women in the labor force has increased, women have received an inequitable distribution of earnings, responsibility, and specialized training. The Department of Labor Statistics (1971) reports that women presently compose nearly 40 percent of the work force, yet their earnings average 60 percent of men's, and their occupations concentrate in only a few vocational fields. Looking ahead, the proportion of women in the labor market is expected to increase. The California Advisory Commission (Advisory Commission on the Status of Women, 1969), for example, predicts that more than 50 percent of the girls presently in schools will work full time for 25 years or more during their lifetimes. In view
Micromechanical Considerations in Shock Compression of Solids

The application of what is commonly known as solid continuum mechanics has been very successful in descriptions of the shock-compression process. It has given us the jump conditions, useful concepts of average quantities such as density and specific internal energy (for example), and constitutive descriptions (including equations of state) involving these average quantities and their time rates of change. Even as we profitably use these ideas, we always have in mind micromechanical concepts such as the crystal lattice, the electronic structure of the crystallographic system, and lattice defects which give rise to important physical phenomena.
Rethinking territorial autonomy

Rethinking territorial autonomy. Regional Studies. Territorial autonomy represents an important tool to manage tensions involving territorially concentrated ethnic minorities. However, we tend to o...
Seeking salience in engaging art: A short story about attention, artistic value, and neuroscience.

Abstract It has recently been suggested that research in neuroscience of art has failed to bring art into focus in the laboratory. Two general arguments are brought to bear in the regard. The common perceptual mechanisms argument observes that neuroscientists working within this field develop models to explain art relative to the ways that artworks are fine-tuned to the operations of perceptual systems. However, these perceptual explanations apply equally to how viewers come to recognize and understand art and nonart objects and events. Therefore these explanations fail to disambiguate artworks from other things. They fail to locate art. This observation points to a deeper problem. What interests us in art is how what we perceive has been used to show us what the work represents. Our understanding of art is governed by a range of productive and evaluative normative conventions that govern how we ought to look at a work and evaluate how it was made. The normative dimension of appreciation argument suggests that these aspects of our engagement with artworks lie outside the scope of neuroscientific explanations of art. This chapter provides a sketch of a diagnostic recognition framework for engaging art that resolves both problems and helps explains how artworks function within the social institution of the artworld to facilitate a communicative exchange between artists and consumers.
The Last-Good-Reply Policy for Monte-Carlo Go

The dominant paradigm for computer-Go players is Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). This algorithm builds a search tree by playing many simulated games (playouts). Each playout consists of a sequence of moves within the tree followed by many moves beyond the tree. Moves beyond the tree are generated by a biased random sampling policy. This note presents a dynamic sampling policy that takes advantage of information from previous playouts. The policy makes moves that, in previous playouts, have been successful replies to immediately preceding moves. Experimental results show that the policy provides a large improvement in playing strength.
La fraternidad, camino para la familia humana

In the month of July of 2009 the first social encyclical of Pope Benedicto XVI was published: Caritas in Veritate. For this reason, the habitual leader article of the Revista Fomento Social has been replaced in this number by a group of reflections of interdisciplinary character realised by some of the members of its editorial board. Thus, they have approached the subjects in which habitually they work, but “re-interpreting them” in the light of the reading of the papal text. We enumerate next these individual contributions, whose titles summarize clearly the thematic which they talk about: “Benedicto XVI’s first social encyclical: keys for understanding” (Ildefonso Camacho Larana); “Economic system, business models and business culture” (Juan Ignacio Font Galan); “A more human and all-inclusive conception of economic relations: the economic democracy” (Julio Jimenez Escobar y Alfonso Carlos Morales Gutierrez); “Business and society: the approach of Corporate Social Responsibility” (Rafael Araque Padilla); “Finance and the economic and financial crisis” (Ma del Carmen Lopez Martin y Adolfo Rodero Franganillo); “Ecology and environmental issues. Pragmatic orientations from a different cultural framework” (Juan Antonio Senent de Frutos); “Cooperation for Development” (Jose Juan Romero Rodriguez) y “Fraternity, a way for the human family” (Jose Ma Margenat Peralta).
Specific binding of nitroglycerin to coronary artery microsomes. Evidence of a vascular nitrate binding site.

The vasodilating action of organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin (NTG), is thought to be mediated through metabolic conversion to nitric oxide (NO) in vascular smooth muscle. Although the pertinent enzyme(s) that carries out this crucial step has not been identified, previous studies have shown that the primary enzymatic site is located within cellular membrane fractions. In these studies, we examined the binding of [14C]NTG to microsomal fractions from bovine coronary arteries. Specific binding was linearly related to protein concentration, and binding equilibrium was reversible, reached equilibrium within 1 hr, and remained stable for 4 hr at 25 °. Competition experiments with unlabeled NTG demonstrated the presence of two binding sites of differing affinities (high-affinity site: Bmax 24.1 ± 0.9 pmol/mg protein, Kd 554 ± 22 pM; low-affinity site: Bmax 79.0 ± 2.9 pmol/mg protein, Kd 151 ± 3 μM). Both of the thiol alkylators 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and N-ethylmaleimide were found to inhibit [14C]NTG binding, as well as enzymatic generation of NO from NTG, in a concentration-dependent manner. Competition of [14C]NTG was also observed with five other organic nitrate vasodilators, and the degree of competition was linearly related to the in vitro vaso-relaxing potencies of these agents. Parallel experiments also showed that in the absence of thiol cofactor, the enzymatic production of NO from NTG was antagonized competitively by less potent organic nitrates. Intact blood vessel experiments using rat aorta also showed that the presence of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), at concentrations that did not induce relaxation alone, caused a slight but significant shift in the relaxation potency of NTG (ec25 9 ± 2 versus 28 ± 7 nM, in the presence and absence of 0.3 μM ISDN, respectively; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate the presence of specific binding of organic nitrates to microsomal proteins in vascular smooth muscle, and the observed binding is apparently related to enzymatic conversion to NO and the vasodilating properties of these compounds.
Off-Road Lidar Simulation with Data-Driven Terrain Primitives

Developing software for large scale off-road robot applications is challenging and tedious due to cost, logistics, and rigor of field testing. High-fidelity sensor-realistic simulation can speed up the development process for perception and state estimation algorithms. We focus on Lidar simulation for robots operating in off-road environments. Lidars are integral sensors for robots, and Lidar simulation for off-road environments is particularly challenging due to the way Lidar rays interact with natural terrain such as vegetation. A hybrid geometric terrain representation has been shown to model Lidar observations well [1]. However, previous work has only been able to simulate a single, fixed scene, and the entire scene had to be precisely surveyed. In this work, we add semantic information to the hybrid geometric model. This allows us to extract terrain primitives, such as trees and shrubs, from data logs. Our approach uses these primitives to compose arbitrary scenes for Lidar simulation. We evaluate our simulator on a real-world environment of interest, and show that primitives derived using our approach generalize to new scenes.
Seed dormancy as an obstacle ın front of plant production

Dormancy is a state of lack of germination/sprouting in seed/tuber although required conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen and light) are provided. Dormancy is based on hard seed coat dormancy or lack of supply and activity of enzymes (internal dormancy) necessary for germination/sprouting. Dormancy is an important factor limiting production in many field crops. Several physical and chemical pretreatments to production material (seed/tuber) are carried out for overcoming dormancy. Physical and physiological dormancy can be found together in some plants and this event makes difficult to provide high frequency healthy seedling growth. Whereas, emerging of all production material (seed, tuber) sown/planted and forming healthy seedling is a prerequisite of plant production.
‘Doing’ Llama Face Stew: A Late Moche Culinary Assemblage as a Domestic Dedicatory Deposit

Presented here is a meal from a simple cooking vessel, excavated from the Late Moche (AD 600–850) site of Wasi Huachuma on the north coast of Peru. This meal, cooked in a whole, plain vessel and spilled beneath the floor of a domestic structure, was unambiguously marked by a large stone embedded in the floor. It contained diverse plant and animal materials associated with the sea, the coastal plains, the highlands and the jungle. Via its contents and placement, this meal embodies the ways in which the domestic world of exchange and interaction was deeply entangled with the spiritual and political. All at once, this meal was utilitarian, domestic, industrial, ritually charged and politically embedded. Within it, the fruits of communities, geographical regions and ideas were assembled together to be realized as a dedicatory offering within, and potentially to, this domestic structure. I argue that this meal both contains and is contained by a milieu that is eminently local and mundane as well as worldly and supernatural.
How calculus-based mathematical physics arose in France after 1700: A historicized actor-network narrative as explanation

AbstractThis essay argues that a historically specific actor-network narrative of how calculus-based mathematical physics came to be assembled and institutionalized in France around 1700 stands as ...
Discovery of 2,3′-diindolylmethanes as a novel class of PCSK9 modulators

Abstract Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes the degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Anti-PCSK9 agents have been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. We recently discovered a series of small-molecule PCSK9 modulators that contains a relatively small pharmacophore of 2,3′-diindolylmethane with molecular weights around only 250. These molecules can significantly lower the amount of PCSK9 protein in a cell-based phenotypic assay. Our SAR studies yielded compound 16 with a IC50-value of 200 nM. No obvious cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 50 µM.
“I Didn’t Lie, I Misspoke”: Voters’ Responses to Questionable Campaign Claims

Lies and half-truths are commonplace in US politics. While there is a growing literature examining questionable statements, relatively little attention has been given to the consequences that befall the sources. We address this gap by looking at how a candidate’s sex shapes citizens’ reactions to a factually dubious statement. We argue and show that subjects from the opposing party display a greater desire and tendency to punish a female candidate. Subjects from the candidate’s same party, however, appear to be more forgiving when the candidate is portrayed as a woman versus a man. In total, our findings suggest that gender and partisan biases may operate in tandem to both help and harm female political candidates who “misspeak.”
A Cataloger’s Perspective on Cataloging Backlogs

Backlogs in cataloging are an unpleasant fact for many library technical service departments. While backlogs may be strategic in nature and smooth out the workflow from acquisitions to cataloging, ...
Modeling Seismocardiographic Signal using Finite Element Modeling and Medical Image Processing

Seismocardiography (SCG) is the measurement of the chest surface accelerations that are primarily produced by a combination of mechanical activities of the heart, such as valve closures and openings, blood momentum changes and myocardial movements [ 1 – 3 ]. The complex nature of these processes has made it challenging to relate the morphology of the SCG signal to its genesis. Certain studies have used medical imaging to identify several feature points of the SCG signal by correlating their occurrence time with the corresponding cardiac events seen in imaging [4 , 5] . However, these findings remain inconclusive [6] . The localized movements (i.e. valve openings and closures, ventricular contractions, blood flow accelerations etc.) may superimpose causing complex movements where original movements may amplify or nullify as they reach the chest surface and affect SCG morphology. Hence, SCG signal can also be described as the propagated vibrations generated by individual sources (i.e., valve closures and openings, blood flow accelerations). These vibrations displace their more immediate boundaries (e.g., pericardium, Aorta wall) and surrounding tissues (e.g. lung tissue, ribs, chest wall muscle and skin) before they are detected at the chest surface. Hence, modeling the propagation of overall cardiac wall motion to the chest surface may help enhance our understanding of SCG genesis.
Vein Wrapping of Peripheral Nerves: Surgical Technique

Treatment of scarred peripheral nerves remains a challenging problem and many solutions have been tried with variable success. It is generally accepted that after revision neurolysis of the scarred nerve, soft tissue coverage of the segment of the scarred nerve is essential to prevent cicatrix reformation. The autologous vein wrapping technique can be used as an adhesion barrier for management of scarred peripheral nerves that occur after trauma and most commonly after failed surgical decompression for entrapment neuropathies. Although the mechanism still remains unclear, experimental and clinical studies have shown that the autologous vein wrapping can prevent epineurial scar formation (extrinsic and intrinsic), improve nerve gliding during motion of the adjacent joint and promote the functional recovery of the nerve. Several studies have reported good results after wrapping scarred nerves with autologous saphenous vein graft. Donor site morbidity was minimal. Autologous vein wrapping is an effective supplementary technique for the multiply operated patient with recurrent entrapment neuropathies secondary to excessive scarring of the nerve.
Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking: Differing Associations with Psychological Well-Being

Sensation seeking and lack of inhibition are often discussed as risk factors for hazardous and maladaptive behavior, particularly during the transition into adulthood. However, some degree and types of novelty-seeking and exploration may also be adaptive and conducive to psychological well-being. The current study examines associations between sensation seeking, impulsivity, and well-being in a large US adult sample (n = 1399, mean age = 36.2 years, range: 18–78). As conceptualized by the UPPS-P model (Whiteside and Lynam, Personality and Individual Differences, 30(4), 669-689, 2001), sensation seeking (pursuit of stimulation) was distinguished from other forms of impulsivity (lack of inhibition) by having a positive association with psychological well-being, eudaimonic well-being, and mental health status. Those positive relations were stronger for younger adults compared to older adults. Negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and positive urgency all held either negative or null associations with well-being. Findings indicate that sensation seeking has positive associations with psychological and eudaimonic well-being, in contrast to other elements of impulsivity, and particularly among younger adults.
Self-interaction error overbinds water clusters but cancels in structural energy differences.

We gauge the importance of self-interaction errors in density functional approximations (DFAs) for the case of water clusters. To this end, we used the Fermi–Lowdin orbital self-interaction correction method (FLOSIC) to calculate the binding energy of clusters of up to eight water molecules. Three representative DFAs of the local, generalized gradient, and metageneralized gradient families [i.e., local density approximation (LDA), Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE), and strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN)] were used. We find that the overbinding of the water clusters in these approximations is not a density-driven error. We show that, while removing self-interaction error does not alter the energetic ordering of the different water isomers with respect to the uncorrected DFAs, the resulting binding energies are corrected toward accurate reference values from higher-level calculations. In particular, self-interaction–corrected SCAN not only retains the correct energetic ordering for water hexamers but also reduces the mean error in the hexamer binding energies to less than 14 meV/ H 2 O from about 42 meV/ H 2 O for SCAN. By decomposing the total binding energy into many-body components, we find that large errors in the two-body interaction in SCAN are significantly reduced by self-interaction corrections. Higher-order many-body errors are small in both SCAN and self-interaction–corrected SCAN. These results indicate that orbital-by-orbital removal of self-interaction combined with a proper DFA can lead to improved descriptions of water complexes.
Does Less Competition Lead to Better Capital Allocation? On Rankings and Loss Aversion

The existence of too many investment choices leads to "unhealthy" competition based on ranking instead of absolute performance as investors struggle to evaluate the alternatives. They "rate" and rank mutual funds, stocks and bonds into peer categories. Bad managers of ranked economic units play go-for-broke in order to place high in the contest and attract new investment. If there are fewer choices, investors look at absolute return relative to risk, instead of rank. Their loss aversion which drives their investment decisions imposes a desirable constraint on managers forcing the poor performing ones to scale down risk and the skilled ones take more. The absence of ranking leads to risk mitigation and better capital allocation.
Understanding the Effects of Individual and State-Level Factors on American Public Response to COVID-19.

Purpose:To examine multilevel predictors on American public response to COVID-19.Design:Multilevel study.Setting:A national survey was conducted by Qualtrics from August 24 to September 11, 2020. T...
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Environmental exposures, fetal testis development and function: phthalates and beyond

Fetal development of the mammalian testis relies on a series of interrelated cellular processes: commitment of somatic progenitor cells to Sertoli and Leydig cell fate, migration of endothelial cells and Sertoli cells, differentiation of germ cells, deposition of the basement membrane, and establishment of cell-cell contacts, including Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell contacts. These processes are orchestrated by intracellular, endocrine, and paracrine signaling processes. Because of this complexity, testis development can be disrupted by a variety of environmental toxicants. The toxicity of phthalic acid esters (phthalates) on the fetal testis has been the subject of extensive research for two decades, and phthalates have become an archetypal fetal testis toxicant. Phthalates disrupt the seminiferous cord formation and maturation, Sertoli cell function, biosynthesis of testosterone in Leydig cells, and impair germ cell survival and development, producing characteristic multinucleated germ cells. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects are not fully understood. This review describes current knowledge of the adverse effects of phthalates on the fetal testis and their associated windows of sensitivity, and compares and contrasts the mechanisms by which toxicants of current interest, bisphenol A and its replacements, analgesics, and perfluorinated alkyl substances, alter testicular developmental processes. Working toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for phthalate toxicity will be critical for understanding the long-term impacts of environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals on human reproductive health.
Unsettling Complex Inequities on School Climate for Males of Color: School Counseling Applications From an Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis

Intersectionality continues to be taken up as a promising framework across multiple disciplines for practices involving equity, inclusion, and social justice. Increased use of intersectionality has...
Lobular carcinoma of intraoral minor salivary gland origin: Report of twelve cases

In an attempt to define more accurately the tumors grouped under the heading of "adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin," we reviewed the cases in our registry that were classified as adenocarcinoma, carcinoma of salivary gland origin, and infiltrating epithelial salivary gland tumors. Eleven tumors that had certain unique microscopic features in common were identified. These eleven tumors and one that was reviewed in consultation make up the basis of this study. We classified these lesions as lobular carcinoma of salivary gland origin because of their remarkable microscopic resemblance to the breast tumors of the same name. These lesions appear to be of low-grade malignancy and have not recurred or metastasized in any of the eleven cases for which we have follow-up data, at times ranging from 5 to 80 months.
The metabolism of glyceride glycolipids. V. Identification of the membrane lipid formed from diglucosyl diglyceride in Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 as an acylated derivative of glyceryl phosphoryl diglucosyl glycerol.

Abstract Particulate enzyme preparations of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 catalyze the conversion of diglucosyl diglyceride to a new type of phosphoglycolipid which has been identified as an acylated derivative of 3-O-(2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-phosphoryl-3'(1')-O-sn-glycerol)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-sn-glycerol. The characterization of the lipid was greatly facilitated after the development of methods which specifically labeled with radioisotopes either the glucose, glycerol, or phosphate portions of the molecule. Periodate oxidation and differential hydrolysis catalyzed by base, acid, and enzyme (α-glucosidase) of the specifically labeled compound were the major techniques used in the identification. The deacylated water-soluble derivative of the lipid yielded a hexose-glycerol-phosphate ratio of 2.0:2.08:1.05. Analysis of the intact lipid yielded a fatty acid ester-phosphate-hexose ratio of 3.87:1.0:1.82. However, the fatty acid ester content of four is considered tentative because of certain difficulties inherent to the procedures used to isolate and purify the intact lipid. Periodate oxidation of the lipid released no formaldehyde, indicating that at least one of the fatty acids is esterified to the glycerophosphate moiety of the lipid.
Akt takes centre stage in cell-cycle deregulation.

The universal cell-cycle inhibitor p21Cip1/WAF1 is phosphorylated and localized in the cytoplasm in Her2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers as a result of its physical association with the oncogenic Akt protein. Subcellular mislocalization of checkpoint controllers is now surfacing as a mechanism of deregulating cell proliferation in cancer.
The Effects of Daubert on Judicial Evaluations of Future Dangerousness Testimony

Experts routinely testify that their scientific expertise enables them to predict that a capital defendant will commit future acts of violence, or that a sexual offender will likely reoffend. This type of testimony is proffered in both federal and state actions, despite being widely castigated as wholly unscientific by the scientific community. Neither the prevalence of such testimony nor whether the testifying expert relied on clinical observation or actuarial instruments, or some combination, has been studied before with any empirical rigor. The goal of this project was to assess whether judges are engaging in some level of scrutiny of the proffered expert future dangerousness testimony, and what standards they are using. The frequency of challenges, hearings, and factors explicitly considered in evaluating admissibility, as well as outcomes, were all examined by examining court files, appellate records, and by surveying experts who routinely testify in the Arkansas courts. This initial study of the Arkansas courts is intended to be part of a more comprehensive study, the next phase of which will extend the inquiry to courtroom testimony in Texas.
Near-surface ocean current sensors: Problems and performance

When current meters are used to measure mean horizontal currents in the presence of surface gravity wave motions, immunity to the vertical component of flow is important, even though the net vertical flow averages to zero and is normal to the desired horizontal components. A technique is presented for estimating the magnitude of the errors introduced by imperfect rejection of the off-axis flows (cross-talk) from laboratory measurements of the current meter "vertical-cosine-response." The predicted dynamic response is shown to compare favorably with laboratory measurements. The measured steady state vertical-cosine-response functions for several practical current sensors are summarized and used to estimate the magnitude of wave induced errors in horizontal mean current measurements. A new dye technique for evaluating near-surface current meter performance in waves is shown.
Intramural Ventricular Septal Defect Is a Distinct Clinical Entity Associated With Postoperative Morbidity in Children After Repair of Conotruncal Anomalies.

Background —Intramural ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are interventricular communications through right ventricular free wall trabeculations that can occur after repair of conotruncal anomalies. We assessed the prevalence of residual intramural VSDs and their effect on postoperative course. Methods and Results —Children who underwent biventricular repair of a conotruncal anomaly from 1/1/06 to 6/30/13 and had a post-operative transthoracic echocardiogram were included. Images were reviewed for residual intramural or non-intramural VSDs. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use, and need for subsequent catheter or surgical VSD closure. The secondary outcome was post-operative hospital length of stay (PLOS). A residual VSD was present in 256 of the 442 subjects (58%), of which 231 (90%) were <2mm in size. Forty-nine (11%) had intramural VSDs and 207 (47%) had non-intramural VSDs. Patients with intramural VSDs were more likely to reach the primary composite outcome compared to those with non-intramural VSDs or no residual VSD (14/49 [29%] vs 15/207 [7%] vs 6/186 [3%], p<0.0001). In addition, those with intramural VSDs had longer PLOS compared to those with non-intramural VSDs or no residual VSD (20 days [IQR 11-42] vs 7 days [5-14] vs 6 [4-11], p=0.0001). These associations remained significant after adjusting for known risk factors for poor outcomes, including residual VSD size and operative complexity. Conclusions —Among residual VSDs after repair of conotruncal anomalies, intramural VSDs are uniquely associated with postoperative morbidity, mortality, and longer PLOS. It is important to recognize intramural VSDs in the postoperative period.
Observations of Planetary Mixed Rossby–Gravity Waves in the Upper Stratosphere

Observational evidence is presented for planetary scale (zonal wave number 1-2) mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG) waves in the equatorial upper stratosphere (35-50 km). These waves are detected in LIMS measurements as coherently propagating temperature maxima of amplitude 0.1-0.3 K, which are antisymmetric (out of phase) about the equator, centered near 10-15 deg north and south latitude. These features have vertical wavelengths of order 10-15 km, periods near 2-3 days, and zonal phase velocities close to 200 m/s. Both eastward and westward propagating waves are found, and the observed vertical wavelengths and meridional structures are in good agreement with the MRG dispersion relation. Theoretical estimates of the zonal accelerations attributable to these waves suggest they do not contribute substantially to the zonal momentum balance in the middle atmosphere.
Physiology of Turkey Embryos During Pipping and Hatching. I. Hematology

Abstract Blood samples were collected from turkey embryos during pipping and hatching, an age which corresponds to a time of elevated embryonic mortality. Samples were analyzed for erythrocyte counts (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). An increase in RBC was significant (P
A convenient synthesis of the cytidyl 3′-terminal monomer for solid-phase synthesis of RNG oligonucleotides

Replacing the phosphodiester backbone of RNA with positively charged guanidinium linkages has been shown to enable RNA oligomers to overcome electrostatic repulsion and bind double-stranded DNA in a triplex with high affinity. Ribonucleotide monomers with the ability to form guanidinium linkages have been synthesized for the generation of ribooligonucleotides with guanidinium linkages (RNGs) through solid-phase synthesis. We report herein an efficient method for the synthesis of N4-benzoyl-2′-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5′-N-(4-monomethoxytritylamino)-3′-O-succinyl-5′-deoxycytidine, a new monomer required for the solid-phase synthesis of cytidyl RNG oligonucleotides.
The Relative Effectiveness of Three Geometric Proof Construction Strategies.

Three strategies of geometric proof construction are analysis, synthesis, and a combination of analysis and synthesis. As discussed in Butler, Wren, and Banks (1970), the synthetic process begins with the hypothesis and yields deductions until the conclusion is deduced. Analysis reverses this process. The student employing the analytic strategy begins with the conclusion and reasons that it must be the conclusion of some proposition. Through analytic reasoning, a chain back to the hypothesis is formed. The combination strategy suggested by Johnson and Rising (1967) requires the student to employ synthesis and analysis until the two chains of reasoning are connected.