cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poster 133: Sciatic nerve injury in an adolescent after airbag deployment: a case report.1

Abstract Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital. Patient: 13-year-old girl with no significant prior medical history. Case Description: The patient was a restrained front-seat passenger involved in a motor vehicle collision; her feet were positioned on the dashboard of the car at the time of airbag deployment and her ankles were briefly forced to either side of her head. Radiographs for acute fractures were negative. She began to experience difficulty walking and required a walker and physical therapy. Temperature change (cool), dusky discoloration, and pain complaints were noted in her distal lower extremities. Vascular studies and spinal magnetic resonance imaging were without significant findings. Improvement was seen after several months, but she remained with toe walking and foot pain. Assessment/Results: Significant findings at time of exam included bilateral plantarflexion deformities, early fatigue of ankle dorsiflexors, mottled dark red coloring at feet and ankles, decreased ankle reflexes, and gait abnormality. Sensation was intact to touch and proprioception with subjective pain complaints over dorsal feet. Repeat Doppler studies were without significant findings, electromyography and nerve conduction studies demonstrated findings consistent with previous injury to the bilateral sciatic nerves. Discussion: Previous reports of nerve injury after airbag deployment have documented nerve injury in the shoulders, head, and neck areas. This case is the first report of nerve injury in the lower extremity. Conclusion: There is a risk of lower-extremity nerve injury from airbag deployment in persons who place their feet on vehicle dashboards. This behavior may be more prevalent among children and teenagers and therefore parental and general education as to the potential danger of this behavior should be considered.
A comprehensive institutional overview of intrathecal nusinersen injections for spinal muscular atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal-recessive neuromuscular disorder resulting in progressive muscle weakness. In December 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first treatment for SMA, a drug named nusinersen (Spinraza) that is administered intrathecally. However many children with SMA have neuromuscular scoliosis or spinal instrumentation resulting in challenging intrathecal access. Therefore alternative routes must be considered in these complex patients. To investigate routes of drug access, we reviewed our institutional experience of administering intrathecal nusinersen in all children with spinal muscular atrophy regardless of spinal anatomy or instrumentation. We reviewed children with SMA who were referred for intrathecal nusinersen injections from March to December 2017 at our institution. In select children with spinal hardware, spinal imaging was requested to facilitate pre-procedure planning. Standard equipment for intrathecal injections was utilized. All children were followed up by their referring neurologist. A total of 104 intrathecal nusinersen injections were performed in 26 children with 100% technical success. Sixty procedures were performed without pre-procedural imaging and via standard interspinous technique. The remaining 44 procedures were performed in 11 complex (i.e. neuromuscular scoliosis or spinal instrumentation) patients requiring pre-procedural imaging for planning purposes. Nineteen of the 44 complex procedures were performed via standard interspinous technique from L2 to S1. Twenty-two of the 44 complex procedures were performed using a neural-foraminal approach from L3 to L5. Three of the 44 complex procedures were performed via cervical puncture technique. There were no immediate or long-term complications but there was one child with short-term complications of meningismus and back pain at the injection site. Although we achieved 100% technical success in intrathecal nusinersen administration, our practices evolved during the course of this study. As a result of our early experience we developed an algorithm to assist in promoting safe and effective nusinersen administration in children with spinal muscular atrophy regardless of SMA type, abnormal spinal anatomy and complex spinal instrumentation.
Neural network prediction of cycle-to-cycle power variability in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine

Abstract Cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) limits how lean a spark-ignited (SI) internal combustion engine (ICE) can stably operate at, restricts efficiency, and increases emissions through incomplete combustion. Therefore, a way to cleaner, more efficient SI ICEs is to minimize the CCV. Current methods to study CCV include experimental investigations and CFD-based numerical simulations. This study, in contrast, investigates the ability of neural networks to accurately model the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and its coefficient of variation (COV of IMEP). Experimental data from a previous study of spark-ignited propane/air combustion in the TCC-III engine was used to train and evaluate a neural network. An optimized network was generated that utilizes 109 experimental inputs and is operated with 15 neurons in one hidden layer to determine IMEP for 18 engine operating conditions, with 625 individual consecutive engine cycles for each condition. The impact of training set size and the number of input parameters was also investigated. The average deviation for IMEP from the experimental measurements is 0.7–2.2% for the training data set and less than 12% for the entire predicted range of operating conditions. Data sets consisted of tests under rich, lean, and stoichiometric conditions without and with 9% nitrogen dilution. Predicted COV of IMEP strongly correlates with experimental data (R2 = 0.8453). However, a systematic over prediction of COV of IMEP for low COVs was observed while higher COVs were under-predicted by the neural network. The cause for this systematic behavior has not yet been identified but histograms of the predicted IMEP data indicate that this could be related to missing physical parameters that have a significant impact on combustion variability.
Identifying the Urban: Resident Perceptions of Community Character and Local Institutions in Eight Metropolitan Areas:

What does the term “urban” signify as a descriptor of contemporary communities in the United States? We investigate this question using data from the Soul of the Community survey, examining how peo...
Treatment of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Freezing of gait (FoG) is a common, debilitating disorder occurring in the majority of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. It is defined as the episodic inability to produce effective stepping, often triggered (and ameliorated) by environmental cues. This phenomenon can occur in isolation, but more often combined with other gait disturbances, and its response to dopamine is highly variable. The heterogeneous nature of this condition has presented challenges to elucidating its underlying pathophysiology, and its episodic and variable nature have made it difficult to establish outcome measures for clinical trials. Currently, treatment of FoG is based on maximizing its dopaminergic response and using rehabilitation techniques, as well as off-label non-dopaminergic therapies to address refractory symptoms. As with any gait disorder, a comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary treatment approach are recommended.
Problematic Internet Use: A Longitudinal Study Evaluating Prevalence and Predictors

Objective To assess the prevalence over time and predictors of problematic internet use using the Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS). We also identified an intermediate-risk PRIUSS score. Study design In this longitudinal cohort study, we recruited participants using random selection from 2 colleges. Participants completed a yearly PRIUSS. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate predictors of problematic internet use. We pursued receiver operating curve analysis to identify an Intermediate risk PRIUSS score. Finally, we applied Markov modeling to test the dynamics of moving through problematic internet use risk states over time. Results Of 319 participants, 56% were female, 58% were from the Midwest, and 75% were white. Problematic internet use prevalence estimates varied between 9% and 11% over the 4 years. Problematic internet use risk status from the previous time period was identified as the main predictor for problematic internet use (OR 24.1, 95% CI 12.8-45.4, P Conclusions This longitudinal study of problematic internet use among college students found that risks were present across groups and over time. The most salient predictor of problematic internet use was being at risk at the previous time point. On the basis of these results, we propose a PRIUSS score of 15 as an intermediate-risk cut-off to better identify those at risk of developing problematic internet use.
Decomposition of transcriptional responses provides insights into differential antibiotic susceptibility

Responses of bacteria to antibiotic treatments depend on their environments. Differences between in vitro testing conditions and the physiological environments inside patients have resulted in poor antibiotic susceptibility predictions, contributing to treatment failures in the clinic. Here, we investigate how media composition affects antibiotic susceptibility in the laboratory strain E. coli K-12 MG1655, and contextualize these changes through machine learning of transcriptomics data. We show that complex transcriptional changes induced by different media or antibiotic treatment can be traced back to a few key regulators. Integration of results from machine learning with biochemical knowledge reveals fundamental shifts in respiration and iron availability that may explain media-dependent differential susceptibility to antibiotics. The data generation and analytical workflow used here can interrogate the regulatory state of a pathogen under any condition, and can be extended to additional strains and organisms for which data is available.
Ready, Fire, Aim: the Underperformance of Current Food Access Efforts and “Food for Thought” Regarding Potential Solutions

For more than 20 years, both here and abroad, significant efforts have been undertaken to provide equal access to nutritional food for all citizens. Yet, the numbers of under-nourished continue to rise, as do those afflicted with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Clearly, current efforts are not working. Relying on the psychological phenomena of learned helplessness and fundamental attribution error, it is argued that certain individuals may not be willing, or able, to take actions that are currently prescribed regarding access to nutritious food. The water is muddied regarding potential solutions as the various actors involved (e.g., corporations, governments, individuals) cannot agree on a starting point and continue to point fingers regarding responsibility. It is posited that emphasis needs to shift from the current “one-size-fits-all” approach to one that is more tailored to the various actors, specifically the individuals. Within the group of individuals (consumers), based on Wenar’s Least Cost Theory, even further distinction must be made between those who see themselves as capable actors and those who do not. In this conceptual piece intended to refocus the discussion surrounding food access, we propose that future research should approach these issues from a unit of analysis perspective in an attempt to identify the solutions most likely to succeed at various participating levels.
Toward Data-Driven Assessment of Caregiver’s Burden for Persons with Dementia using Machine Learning Models

Giving care to persons with dementia (PwD) has a significant strain on the quality of life for familial caregivers. Due to the overdependent nature of PwD, caregivers are burdened with health issues, stress, depression, loneliness, and social isolation. As a result, there is a need for understanding the nature and severity of this burden. In this paper, we introduce a novel data-driven approach based on machine learning modeling to ascertain caregiver burden using multimodal data from multitudinal sources. In particular, we propose to leverage data from smart devices, wearables, and psychometric surveys, to assess caregiver burden employing both shallow and deep neural network architectures.
ADAPTIVE OPTICS ECHELLE SPECTROSCOPY OF [Fe II] 1.644 μm IN THE RW AUR JET: A NARROW SLICE DOWN THE AXIS OF THE FLOW

We present new adaptive optics echelle spectra of the near-infrared [Fe II] lines in the redshifted and blueshifted jets from the T Tauri star RW Aur. The spectra have an unprecedented combination of high spatial and spectral resolution that makes it possible to trace the dynamics of the flow to a projected distance of only 10 AU from the source. As noted by previous studies, the redshifted flow is much slower than its fainter blueshifted counterpart. Our observations clearly show that both the radial velocities and the emission line widths are larger closer to the source on both sides of the jet. The line widths are 20%-30% of the jet velocity on both sides of the flow, significantly larger than would be produced by a divergent constant velocity flow. The observed line widths could arise from a layered velocity structure in the jet or from magnetic waves. A bright knot in the redshifted jet has no concomitant increase in line width, implying that it is not heated by a bow shock. Alternate heating mechanisms include planar shocks, ambipolar diffusion, and magnetic reconnection.
The effect of a social facilitator cow on the distance walked and time spent walking by abruptly weaned beef calves

Context Separation of a calf from its dam at weaning can cause stress behaviours such as excessive walking and vocalising. These behaviours combined with poor dry matter and water intakes during weaning can cause bodyweight loss in calves. We questioned whether adding a social facilitator cow to pens of calves weaned on pasture would decrease calf walking behaviours and prevent a loss in bodyweight. Aims We tested the hypothesis that a social facilitator (SF) cow at weaning would reduce the walking behaviours of calves and increase calf bodyweight. Methods Eighty Simmental × Angus heifer calves were allocated to four replications. In each replication, 20 heifer calves were randomly assigned to either the SF (n = 10) treatment in which calves were abruptly weaned and placed on pasture with a SF cow on the day of weaning (day 0), or to the control (CON, n = 10) treatment in which calves were abruptly weaned and placed on pasture without a SF cow. All calves had their bodyweight recorded and were blood sampled on Days 0, 1, 7, and 14 for non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. To quantify and evaluate walking behaviours, all calves were fitted with an individual global positioning system collar that recorded calf location every 10 s for a 24-h period on Days 0, 7, and 14. Key results There was no effect for time spent walking (P = 0.07) or distance walked (P = 0.08), although the SF calves spent numerically less time walking and walked shorter distances on the day of weaning compared with the CON calves. There were no differences observed for calf bodyweight or average daily gain. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the addition of a SF animal at weaning does not affect the distance walked on the day of weaning or the time calves devote to walking. Implications It is unlikely that a SF cow will decrease the distance and time spent walking by calves enough to improve calf bodyweight.
Placemat Instructions for Open-Ended Robotics Challenges

This research documents our investigation of alternative forms of written instructions for robotics education. Currently, instructions that accompany educational robotics kits often provide students with step-by-step directions leading them to one “correct” solution. This research explores alternative forms of written instructions called placemat instructions. Placemat instructions are a one-page (double-sided) representation of an open-ended robotics challenge. They give students a few images of example builds and some code snippets to get them started, but they do not provide step-by-step instructions or dictate the creation of a single solution. The goal of this study is to investigate what type of learning experiences unfold when placemat instructions are used to facilitate open-ended robotics challenges in K–12 classrooms, and how these learning experiences differ from those when no placemat instructions are used. We analyzed classroom video data to look for ways students did or did not use the placemats, where students became stuck or required the assistance of a peer or instructor, and the time it took each group to reach an initial testable prototype. Based on these data, we found that the use of placemat instructions to support open-ended robotics challenges in an 8th grade science classroom was successful in: (1) helping students quickly and easily get started with open-ended design challenges, (2) supporting students and teachers when questions arose during the activity, and (3) inspiring a diverse set of student-generated solutions to a problem.
The Aftermath of Syllogism. Aristotelian Logical Argument from Avicenna to Hegel: M. SGARBI and M. COSCI, editors. London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. 220 pp. Paperback $39.95, ISBN 978-1-3501-2315-1, Hardback $120.00, ISBN 978-1-3500-4352-7, ePDF $35.95, ISBN 978-1-3500-4354-1

This volume brings together nine previously unpublished, historically focused papers covering syllogistic logic and the notion of the syllogism. The book’s purpose, according to the editors, is ‘to...
Abortion and Family Formation: Circumstance or Culture?

Research using opinion surveys and abortion-patient censuses has found that opinion and practice on abortion often appear in-congruent. This is generally attributed to circumstantial pressures that motivate women to make an atypical choice, conceived in terms of rational utility; but it may also be due to the fact that the socio-cultural values of women having abortions are not representative of their opinion group. Taking participation in marriage and family formation behavior as indicators of traditional cultural values, I examine fertility data from the National Survey of Family Growth (N=10,847) in order to determine whether women having abortions differ significantly in their opinions regarding such behaviors from those not having abortions. I find that women having abortions are twice as likely never to marry, 37% more likely to divorce, have (on average) twice as many lifetime sexual partners and three times as many partners before marriage, have fewer children, and experience both earlier sexual onset and later marriage. Having successive abortions or abortions on different pregnancies affects these differences not at all or only slightly. I argue that these differences suggest that abortion decisions stem in large part from diverse socio-cultural values rather than from circumstantial concessions.
A concept analysis of intercultural communication.

AIM To explore the concept of intercultural communication. BACKGROUND As global migration increases, countries around the world are starting to see diversity among their population. With this increasing multicultural society, effective communication is crucial, particularly in the area of healthcare. Intercultural nursing requires nurses to care for patients of various cultural backgrounds by considering their cultural needs. It is critical for nurses to be able to communicate effectively with patients of various cultures to provide care that is holistic and culturally appropriate to the diverse population. METHODS Walker and Avant's eight-step approach to concept analysis. RESULTS Intercultural communication in nursing is face-to-face, verbal or nonverbal communication that occurs between people of different cultures. Its defining attributes are (1) meeting between language and culture for a specific purpose and (2) face-to-face (in-person or virtual) human interaction between individuals from different cultures. Antecedents of intercultural communication in nursing are globalization, technology, and social environment. Consequences include reduced ethnocentrism and negative stereotyping. Empirical referents depict the existence of the concept, which includes several tools developed as a means to measure or evaluate intercultural communication. CONCLUSION This study presented the defining attributes, antecedents and consequences, model case, and empirical referents of intercultural communication.
The Use of Behavioral Modalities for Headache During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Purpose of review Migraine is primary headache which commonly affects women of childbearing age. Migraine and other primary headache disorders are also common during pregnancy. Understanding which treatments are effective and can be safely given to patients with primary headache during pregnancy and lactation is essential in supporting these patients before, during, and after childbirth. Behavioral modalities have the potential to improve the health of both mother and baby, while empowering patients to make informed decisions in family planning and creating future treatment plans. Recent findings Research shows that behavioral therapies can be powerful tools to treat pain conditions with minimal side effects. Recent literature prioritizes behavioral therapies in preparation for pregnancy, during pregnancy, and during lactation due to the superior safety profile of such therapies. Digital resources for behavioral therapy are another well-received recent direction supported by growing evidence of both efficacy and safety. Popular with patients and headache specialists, digital behavioral therapy has taken various forms during the pandemic, such as telemedicine, online psychology support groups, and smartphone applications that patients can interact with on their own time. In summary, the purpose of this review is to equip providers with important information and updates on the use of behavioral modalities for the treatment of primary headache during pregnancy and lactation.
Rehabilitation counsellor perceived importance and competence in assistive technology.

Purpose Assistive technology (AT) has received much attention for its capacity to improve quality of life for individuals with disabilities. While AT can be promising, the high AT abandonment issue persists. Rehabilitation counsellors are considered important in solving such an issue. However, how to effectively prepare rehabilitation counsellors to provide AT services remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the field experience of rehabilitation counsellors and identify the most relevant AT knowledge and skills to the profession. Method A survey that explores rehabilitation counsellors perceived AT importance and competence was used. A total of 237 rehabilitation counsellors in the United States were recruited via the email listserv provided by Commission on Rehabilitation Counsellor Certification. Results The results indicated that while rehabilitation counsellors considered AT important to them, they felt ill-prepared in providing such services. Of the three subscales, the ability to use AT was rated with the highest importance and the knowledge of AT was rated with the lowest competence. Conclusion Although it is impossible for rehabilitation counsellors to know every aspect of the AT services, five training areas were identified to be a priority. Specifically, these five areas include training to improve rehabilitation counsellors' (a) awareness of AT benefit, (b) knowledge and skill of AT assessment, (c) knowledge of computer based AT and the use of social media, (d) skill in using AT to increase service accessibility, and (e) ability to assist clients decision making that addresses both physical and psychological needs.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION•Confirm the importance of AT in rehabilitation counselling practices.•Recognise the limited AT competence amongst rehabilitation counsellors.•Identify five areas for more AT training that improve rehabilitation counsellors'•Awareness of AT benefit,•Knowledge and skill of AT assessment,•Knowledge of computer based AT and the use of social media,•Skill in using AT to increase service accessibility, and•Ability to assist clients decision making that addresses both physical and psychological needs.
Short-term follow-up of cryopreserved allograft valves and valved conduits from the CryoLife clinical registry

CryoLife, a laboratory which specializes in the cryopreservation of human tissues for transplant, first started preserving valves in Autumn 1984. The hearts which arrive at CryoLife are currently procured by 144 independent organ and tissue procurement agencies in the United States, Canada and West Germany. This procured tissue is preserved by CryoLife as a service to those agencies or doctors to whom the tissue has been assigned. In order to assure consistent quality control, all agencies follow the guidelines printed in the CryoLife (3) heart valve procurement protocol. The protocol provides information for screening for infectious diseases and diseases of the heart which would render the tissue less than ideal. For instance, when the required serum sample is returned by the procuring group, tests are performed for HIV (AIDS), hepatitis, syphilis and CMV (cytomegalovirus). These internal tests are compared with pretest data which accompanies the organ and are used as a double check to confirm that the possibility of transmission of these diseases is eliminated. The donor form also contains a detailed medical history of the donor, which helps eliminate donors of questionable standards or with a history of cardiac complications. The protocol also contains the precise details for the surgical extraction of the heart so that uniformity amongst participating centres is maintained.
Robust Control Design Techniques for a Class of Nonlinear Systems

We consider the design of robust stabilizing control laws for nonlinear systems which are equivalent under C?-state space coordinate transformations and nonlinear feedback to controllable linear systems. We are motivated by the problem of nonlinear control given simplified or uncertain system models. Assuming that certain structure matching conditions are satisfied between the plant and the model of the plant, we reduce the problem to that of stabilizing a perturbed linear system and discuss several design schemes that can be used to guarantee stability. An example of robust tracking for a robot manipulator is given.
Increased activities of ribonuclease and protease after challenge in tobacco plants with induced systemic resistance

Inoculation of 3-4 lower leaves of tobacco with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) increased ribonuclease (RNase) and protease activities in inoculated leaves. Little or no increase in the activities were apparent in upper noninoculated leaves prior to challenge. After challenge with TMV or Peronospora tabacina, RNase activities increased more rapidly in the upper leaves of induced plants as compared to those of noninduced plants. Protease activities in the leaves challenged with P. tabacina or TMV also increased after challenge, but little or no differences in the activities were apparent between induced and noninduced plants. The incubation of purified TMV with leaf extracts obtained from induced challenged, noninduced challenged and noninduced unchallenged plants prior to inoculation did not affect the number of local lesions formed on tobacco plants.
The iodoacetate (Huggins) index in pregnancy.

Abstract The coagulability of serum protein (Huggin's iodoacetate method) was determined in 173 normal pregnancies and the Huggins Indices calculated. These values are compared with Huggins Indices determined on 148 healthy nonpregnant, individuals. In turn, using the same data, both of these are compared with indices calculated using a formula in which instead of the serum protein concentration the square root of the serum protein concentration is used. The square root formula minimizes the distorting effect of hypoproteinemia. By the Huggins formula, 11.5 per cent of the sera from healthy nonpregnant individuals show indices below 9.0, the low limit of normality according to the criteria of Huggins. By the square root formula, 12.8 per cent fall below 9.0. In the 173 normal pregnancy cases the Huggins formula places 77.5 per cent of the indices below 9.0. Using the square root formula 85.5 per cent fall below 9.0.
Verification of Box Test Model and Calibration of Finite Element Model: Evaluation of Railroad Ballast Performance

The development of innovative models to evaluate railroad ballast performance can reduce railroad maintenance costs and improve train operation and safety. A significant portion of the maintenance costs associated with track transportation systems can be attributed to ballast degradation (fouling). Understanding the mechanisms and the effects of ballast fouling is becoming increasingly important with the increased demand on track transportation systems and as trains become faster and carry more weight. This paper presents the results and findings of a finite element (FE) model to evaluate and validate a railroad ballast box test apparatus developed at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. FE modeling of the box test was conducted to provide insight for subsequent laboratory box test experiments. Boundary and scale effects of the box test were evaluated through the FE model, and the stress-strain behavior and distribution were explored. The predicted relationship between the elastic modulus and the per...
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE INGESTION OF PHENOBARBITAL AND PRIMIDONE. REPORT OF A CASE IN A SIX-YEAR-OLD CHILD.

A new case of megaloblastic anemia which occurred in a 6-year-old girl receiving anticonvulsant therapy with primidone and phenobarbital is described. Low serum folic acid activity was found on admission. A prompt clinical and hematological remission occurred following the administration of 500 µg of folic acid per day, associated with a rise in serum folic acid activity to normal. Anticonvulsant therapy with phenobarbital was continued without supplemental folic acid, and 12 months following the correction of the anemia the serum folic acid level was again found to be low. This is further evidence for a relationship between folic acid deficiency and anticonvulsant drug therapy.
Automating Software Failure Reporting: We can only fix those bugs we know about.

There are many ways to measure quality before and after software is released. For commercial and internal-use-only products, the most important measurement is the user’s perception of product quality. Unfortunately, perception is difficult to measure, so companies attempt to quantify it through customer satisfaction surveys and failure/behavioral data collected from its customer base. This article focuses on the problems of capturing failure data from customer sites. To explore the pertinent issues I rely on experience gained from collecting failure data from Windows XP systems, but the problems you are likely to face when developing internal (noncommercial) software should not be dissimilar.
The Tale of Genji: From Heian Classic to Heisei Comic

Le conte de Genji, ecrit au debut du XI e siecle au Japon, n'a pas cesse d'etre un recit psychologique de premiere importance et d'une grande popularite jusqu'a la periode contemporaine ou il a ete adapte a des series televisees et a la bande dessinee. Pendant la periode Heian (794-1185), le conte de Genji etait lu par les femmes du milieu aristocratique et mettait en scene un monde feminin, que venaient accompagner des illustrations. L'A., selon une approche historique, analyse les codes iconographiques et la transmission des coutumes de la cour Heian jusqu'a la periode contemporaine.
Clinical and quality of life comparison of accelerometer, piezoelectric crystal, and blended sensors in DDDR-paced patients with sinus node dysfunction in the mode selection trial (MOST).

and Blended Sensors in DDDR-Paced Patients with Sinus Node Dysfunction in the Mode Selection Trial (MOST). Introduction: Permanent pacemakers are capable of increasing heart rate in response to physical activity by a variety of sensors including accelerometers, piezoelectric crystals, or blended sensors. The impact of these different physiologic sensors on cardiovascular events and quality of life is not known. Methods: Of 2,010 patients randomized in the Mode Selection Trial, 1,245 patients were selected with the most commonly used pacemakers with these three sensors. Clinical characteristics and quality of life were compared between groups at baseline, 3 months, and then yearly. Results: There were 449 patients with an accelerometer sensor device, 682 with a piezoelectric sensor, and 114 with a blended sensor. The groups were similar in terms of age (mean 74 years), gender, and cardiac risk factors but differences existed in weight, heart rate, mitral regurgitation, revascularization history, and drug therapy. The median ventricular pacing frequency was 80% (25 t h , 75 t h percentiles 42, 97). After a median follow-up of 33.1 months, the risk of death, heart failure hospitalization, atrial fibrillation, and the combined endpoint of mortality and stroke was not significantly different between the sensor types, after adjustment for baseline differences. Quality of life analyses demonstrated that patients with blended sensors had significantly worse (P < 0.01) physical function than did patients with the other two sensor systems. Moreover, patients receiving blended sensors had the poorest absolute scores, without reaching statistical significance, on 9 of 13 quality of life measures after adjusting for differences in the groups. Conclusion: We found no significant differences among the three most utilized sensors in clinical endpoints. Those patients who received blended sensors had worse physical function quality of life scores. However, clinical selection of the most sophisticated sensor for the most ill patients cannot be excluded as an explanation of these results.
Responses of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to transgenic poplar, Populus spp., containing a Bacillus thuringiensis d-endotoxin gene

Transgenic Populus plants (clone NC5339) expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis d -endotoxin gene significantly reduced feeding and weight gain by gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), and the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hubner. Forest tent caterpillar larvae also experienced significant mortality following exposure to the transgenic d -endotoxin. Gypsy moths were better able to recover after transfer to artificial diet than were forest tent caterpillars. Transgenic leaves deterred feeding by both species in behavioral choice tests. Four additional transformants contained, but did not express the d -endotoxin gene. Results are discussed in terms of efficacy, plant deployment strategies, ecosystem stability, and tree improvement.
Picture this: immigrant workers use photography for communication and change

This research investigates the ways in which English as a second language (ESL) learners used autodocumentary photography in a learner centered workplace literacy program to solve problems and facilitate language learning. By using learner‐generated photos and stories as the basis for the curriculum in a critical approach to literacy, insights were gained into the ways in which these workers perceived their lives and learning in a new culture. Additionally, the ways in which they adapted to and changed the environment of their workplace were assessed. Implications for workplace educators include the responsibilities to foster the development of critical awareness and empowerment in learners and to consider the transformative possibilities of workplace learning.
A phase grating to reduce the depth of field of incoherent hybrid imaging systems

We describe a pupil phase grating to reduce the depth of field of incoherent hybrid imaging systems with a rectangular aperture. We were able to reduce the depth of field by more than a factor of two.
Manual rotation to reduce caesarean delivery in persistent occiput posterior or transverse position

Objective. To examine mode of delivery and perinatal outcomes in women with occiput posterior (OP) or transverse (OT) position in the second stage of labour with a trial of manual rotation compared...
Opiates and enkephalins: A common binding site mediates their analgesic actions in rats

Abstract 3H-Labelled opiate and enkephalin ligands appear to bind with highest affinity to a single site responsible for their analgesic properties. Administered in vivo , naloxazone, an irreversible opiate, selectively inhibits for over 24 hours the high affinity binding of 3H-labelled mu, and kappa opiates and enkephalins. This inhibition of binding gradually resolves over 3 days, perhaps correlating with receptor turnover. Naloxazone treatment also abolishes morphine, D-ala2-met5-enkephalinamide and betah-endorphin analgesia. Although morphine and D-ala2-met5-enkephalinamide bind with similar potencies to the high affinity site, morphine's potency for the low affinity D-ala2-met5-enkephalinamide site is far less than the enkephalin analog. These results imply that all 3H-ligands examined bind with highest affinity to a mu-like receptor while low affinity D-ala2-met5-enkephalinamide binding, with a KD of 6 nM, represents a delta-like receptor.
Soy-based medium for ethanol production by Escherichia coli KO11

An optimized soy-based medium was developed for ethanol production by Escherichia coli KO11. The medium consists of mineral salts, vitamins, crude enzymatic hydrolysate of soy and fermentable sugar. Ethanol produced after 24 h was used as an endpoint in bioassays to optimize hydrolysate preparation. Although longer fermentation times were required with soy medium than with LB medium, similar final ethanol concentrations were achieved (44-45 g ethanol L-1 from 100 g glucose L-1). The cost of materials for soy medium (excluding sugar) was estimated to be $0.003 L-1 broth, $0.06 L-1 ethanol.
Evaluation of fatal school bus related crashes and near-term crash mitigation strategies

School bus crashes are rare in comparison to other crash types, but considering all crashes that occur in and around school buses, they begin to become a noticeable problem and one that tends to attract national attention. As defined by the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), a school bus related crash is a crash that either involves a school bus or a crash where the presence of a school bus is considered as a major contributing factor. Ten years of data indicate that the number of fatal school bus related crashes has remained nearly stagnant despite an increase in the number vehicle safety systems available on the market. The findings also highlight the importance of protecting the non-bus occupants since they are the most likely to incur a serious or fatal injury in the event of a crash. As the most vulnerable user group, pedestrians (typically school-aged children) are especially at risk when crossing the road while boarding or exiting a school bus. Until new technologies for reducing school bus related crashes are designed and implemented, school transportation safety can be improved by increasing awareness of school bus stop laws and by implementing existing transportation safety initiatives at school bus stop locations.
IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

The information outlined above can be used to generate a model of the immunopathogenesis of SSc (Fig. 3). This model includes a susceptible host, with age greater than 25 and female gender being risk factors. The model also includes exposure to exogenous agents, which could be different in different individuals and may include inhaled or ingested chemicals or infectious agents. An early event is T-cell activation, with infiltration in the skin and internal organs. Activation of the T cells is a selective process that appears to be influenced by antigen in SSc patients. The importance of a particular T-cell subpopulation may depend upon the organ involved and the stage of the disease. CD4+ T cells predominate in the skin. In contrast, CD8+ T cells are increased in the lungs of patients with alveolitis, where they are oligoclonal, showing evidence of antigen-driven selection. V delta 1+ gamma/delta T cells are increased in both the blood and lungs of SSc patients and also show evidence of selection by antigen. B cells are activated early, with polyclonal activation leading to hypergammaglobulinemia. SSc-specific autoantibodies target DNA topoisomerase I, centromeric proteins, and RNA polymerases I and III. Characteristics of autoantibodies in SSc suggest that the target antigens are presented to the immune system as native molecules or even part of a multiunit complex. There is some homology between viruses and autoantibody targets in SSc, which suggests that molecular mimicry may play a role in initiating the antibody response. Many nonspecific inflammatory cells infiltrate the tissues and show evidence of activation. These include macrophages and monocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and natural killer cells. Soluble mediators made by these T cells, B cells, and nonspecific inflammatory cells can activate and damage fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and other vascular cells. The relative importance of the various candidate cytokines, the temporal sequence of their production, and their cellular sources remain largely to be defined. There may be some contribution of direct T-cell cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cellular cytoxicity to the tissue damage that occurs.
Are the 3,800-Myr-old Isua objects microfossils, limonite-stained fluid inclusions, or neither?

Bridgwater et al.1 issued a ‘cautionary note’ concerning several reports published by Pflug and co-workers2–5 describing objects called yeast-like microfossils (Isuasphaera isua Pflug) from a metamorphosed quartzite of the 3,800-Myr-old Isua supracrustal belt of south-west Greenland; Bridgwater et al. believe that the objects described by Pflug et al.2–5 are ‘indistinguishable from limonite-stained fluid inclusions’ and hence are non-biogenic. I show here that the objects are neither limonite-stained fluid inclusions nor microfossils, but are limonite-stained cavities from the otherwise complete dissolution by weathering of ferruginous dolomite grains in these rocks. Several supporting arguments presented by both sides are believed to be invalid, and others are ambiguous. In view of the extensive research on the earliest life forms, and then significance to evolution, to early geochemical cycles and to the origin of the atmosphere and some ore deposits, the exact nature of the Isua objects, and particularly the validity of the evidence either for or against a biological origin, are of considerable importance. A careful evaluation of the evidence from Isua is particularly pertinent, as bona fide Precambrian fossils are also found in chemically similar (but much younger) silica-rich environments.
Structured association analysis leads to insight into Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene regulation by finding multiple contributing eQTL hotspots associated with functional gene modules

Association analysis using genome-wide expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data investigates the effect that genetic variation has on cellular pathways and leads to the discovery of candidate regulators. Traditional analysis of eQTL data via pairwise statistical significance tests or linear regression does not leverage the availability of the structural information of the transcriptome, such as presence of gene networks that reveal correlation and potentially regulatory relationships among the study genes. We employ a new eQTL mapping algorithm, GFlasso, which we have previously developed for sparse structured regression, to reanalyze a genome-wide yeast dataset. GFlasso fully takes into account the dependencies among expression traits to suppress false positives and to enhance the signal/noise ratio. Thus, GFlasso leverages the gene-interaction network to discover the pleiotropic effects of genetic loci that perturb the expression level of multiple (rather than individual) genes, which enables us to gain more power in detecting previously neglected signals that are marginally weak but pleiotropically significant. While eQTL hotspots in yeast have been reported previously as genomic regions controlling multiple genes, our analysis reveals additional novel eQTL hotspots and, more interestingly, uncovers groups of multiple contributing eQTL hotspots that affect the expression level of functional gene modules. To our knowledge, our study is the first to report this type of gene regulation stemming from multiple eQTL hotspots. Additionally, we report the results from in-depth bioinformatics analysis for three groups of these eQTL hotspots: ribosome biogenesis, telomere silencing, and retrotransposon biology. We suggest candidate regulators for the functional gene modules that map to each group of hotspots. Not only do we find that many of these candidate regulators contain mutations in the promoter and coding regions of the genes, in the case of the Ribi group, we provide experimental evidence suggesting that the identified candidates do regulate the target genes predicted by GFlasso. Thus, this structured association analysis of a yeast eQTL dataset via GFlasso, coupled with extensive bioinformatics analysis, discovers a novel regulation pattern between multiple eQTL hotspots and functional gene modules. Furthermore, this analysis demonstrates the potential of GFlasso as a powerful computational tool for eQTL studies that exploit the rich structural information among expression traits due to correlation, regulation, or other forms of biological dependencies.
Toward an effective international legal order: from coexistence to concert?

In forbidding the use of force except in self‐defence against armed attack or when authorised by the Security Council, the UN Charter appears to be the culminating development of a system of international order based on the doctrine of state sovereignty. The cumulative result of international‐law‐related acts, omissions and declarations of the Bush administration since its inception can be construed as a fundamental challenge to the sovereign state system. The administration's stated security strategy is one possible response to undoubtedly grave challenges to national and human security. In fact, only an institutionalised partnership between the US and regional powers such as China, India, Brazil and Germany can hope to address those challenges successfully, in part because only it would have the requisite legitimacy. That partnership or concert could be organised within the UN framework, albeit intensifying its hierarchical elements.