cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy and morphology of dematiaceous fungi isolated from nature.

The Hughes system of classification was applied to the identification of dematiaceous fungi isolated from nature. The majority of the isolates encountered could be identified with this system using brightfield microscopy. However, phase contrast microscopy was needed to determine the mode of conidial ontogeny with some species of Phialophora, Exophiala and Wangiella. The identifications based upon phase contrast microscopy were confirmed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Scanning electron photomicrographs are presented for Bispora betulina, Cladosporium trichoides, Exophiala jeanselmei, Phialophora revens, P. verrucosa and Wangiella dermatitidis. SEM observations of W. dermatitidis support the present classification of this organism as proposed by other workers. It is suggested that the Hughes system of classification and phase contrast microscopy be used to facilitate identification of isolates of dematiaceous fungi encountered in the clinical laboratory.
Predictors of regular Pap smears among Korean-American women

Abstract Background Many Korean-American women (KAW) are unaware of the importance of regular cancer screening. This research estimates rates and examines predictors of regular cervical cancer screening among KAW. Methods Face-to-face surveys were conducted with 459 KAW residing in Maryland. Study participants were recruited through Korean churches and senior housing. Results Thirty-nine percent of women had regular Pap smears. Regular Pap smear rates varied with age, with women 65 years and older least likely to have regular Pap smears. In multiple logistic regression, the strongest correlate of regular Pap smear was knowledge of guidelines. Physician recommendation, having health insurance, and having friends or family members receiving Pap smears were also important facilitators. Spoken English proficiency interacted with education for an outcome; women with a low level of education and low English proficiency had lower rates of Pap smears than those who had a high level of education and high proficiency. The most frequently given reason for lack of a regular Pap smear was a belief that screening was unnecessary if a woman had no symptoms of cervical cancer. Conclusions Strategies for education on screening guidelines, along with physician referrals, should be implemented. Culturally appropriate educational programs about cervical cancer screening should be developed for less educated and less acculturated immigrant women.
Some osmotic responses of the sipunculid worm Themiste dyscritum

Abstract 1. 1. Themiste dyscritum , apparently stenohaline in nature, tolerates a wide range of salinities in the laboratory (168–639 mM Cl − , or 30–114% sea water). Long-term survival probably does not occur below about 50% sea water. 2. 2. T. dyscritum is a passive osmoconformer over this entire salinity range, but has an apparent ion deficit in the coelomic fluid, as indicated by low internal chloride concentrations relative to external levels. This apparent ion deficit is most marked in worms in low salinities, and may be made up by small molecular weight organic molecules. 3. 3. Water content is strongly dependent upon salinity, and the worms absorb large amounts of water osmotically after a transfer to a lower salinity. Volume regulation is restricted to worms adapted to high salinities and to transfers which are not excessive. 4. 4. Nephridial contents are little different in concentration from the coelomic fluid. 5. 5. Limited data on Phascolosoma agassizii in 84% sea water indicate the coelomic fluid is slightly hyperosmotic to the medium, but iso-ionic with respect to chloride.
An optical potential for deuteron scattering from carbon

Abstract The available data for the elastic scattering of deuterons by 12 C for energies from 3 to 34 MeV are analysed in terms of the optical model including spin-orbit coupling. Two potentials are found, with a fixed real part and imaginary parts whose strength and radius depende linearly on the energy, which give a good account of all these data. There is some difficulty with the choice of diffuseness for the imaginary potential. The real potential is compared to the predictions of a simple model. The inelastic scattering to the 4.43 MeV state is discussed.
The Gendered Meanings of Assets for Divorce

Scholars identified a negative relationship between assets and divorce decades ago, but the mechanisms behind this relationship remain unknown. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 4,721 couples), this study compared three mechanisms that might link assets and divorce. Non-proportional Cox hazard models indicated that two of the three mechanisms explained the relationship between assets and divorce. Wives’ marital satisfaction and their perceptions of their hypothetical post-divorce standard of living completely mediated the relationship between assets and divorce. The relationship between assets and divorce was not related to husbands’ characteristics.
Waves in wood: axisymmetric waves in slender solids of revolution

Low-frequency axisymmetric waves in slender axisymmetric anisotropic columns are studied. The governing equation of motion is solved using power series with a stretched radial coordinate, leading to a variety of ordinary differential equations in the longitudinal direction. Detailed results for cylindrically orthotropic columns are given.
Indoor collector testing with an incandescent simulator

Abstract Experimental evidence is presented to show that solar collectors may be tested by simulators using incandescent lamps if the irradiance is properly evaluated. This can be done by equating the simulator irradiance to the solar irradiance when they both cause an equal rise in plate temperature above ambient at stagnation under constant conditions. Furthermore, for glass-covered collectors, a pyranometer will read a correct effective irradiance from a simulator, even if based on incandescent lamps.
Conditioning auditory stimuli and the cutaneous eyeblink reflex in humans: Differential effects according to oligosynaptic or polysynaptic central pathways

Electromyographic activity of orbicularis oculi muscles in humans was elicited by percutaneous electrical stimulation of the supraorbital brahcn of the trigeminal nerve. The reflex consists of an early brief ipsilateral R1 and a later prolonged consensual R2. The threshold for R1 was considerably elevated compared to that of R2. In one experiment brief acoustic stimuli, at 70 dB SPL, were presented at various intervals, from 5 to 800 msec, prior to the eliciting stimulus. In a second experiment similar stimuli, with intensities varying from 30 to 70 dB SPL, were given at the fixed lead time of 100 msec. In each experiment the preliminary acoustic stimulus enhanced R1 and depressed R2. Potentiation of R1 developed more rapidly than did depression of R2 and exhibited an early and a late peak, whereas depression had a single intermediate trough. Both effects linearly increased with increases in the intensity of the acoustic prepulse. These restuls are discussed in relation to the neuronal circuits responsible for the expression of the two reflex components.
Betraying their Motherland: Soviet Military Tribunals of Izmenniki Rodiny in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, 1941–1953

The immediate aftermath of the Second World War saw a transnational effort to identify and prosecute those individuals who committed war crimes and crimes against humanity in such fora as the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. However, parallel national processes were carried out across Europe to punish those citizens who, by a range of definitions, allegedly collaborated with enemy occupiers and committed treason. In the Soviet Union, suspected collaborators were tried as counterrevolutionaries in both the areas where crimes were committed and also those distant from regions of German or Romanian occupation. By examining tribunals in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in this article, I argue for the importance of identifying and prosecuting alleged collaborators to the Soviet postwar project – a project which was far from limited to areas in the western parts of the country and which remained intimately linked to prewar, Stalinist understandings of justice and revolution.
Pacific salmon migrations and homing: mechanisms and adaptive significance

Pacific salmon are noted for their lengthy foraging migrations and for their precise homing ability. Extensive sampling has documented the general migratory patterns of the major populations, but many basic aspects of their marine ecology are still poorly understood. Their life history pattern has been interpreted as an adaptation to exploit the higher productivity of the marine environment over that in fresh water. The adaptive significance of homing is implied by the specializations of populations for their natal habitat and the competitive superiority of locally adapted populations over transplants from other rivers. However, the establishment of new populations by strays and the levels of gene flow between natural populations have only recently received much attention. Research on salmon migrations has also focused on the mechanisms that guide homing at sea and in fresh water. While salmon have highly developed sensory systems, the ways in which inputs are integrated to guide migration through diverse and complex habitats are still being investigated.
Tailoring the duobinary pulse shape for optimum performance

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the optimum optical duobinary system for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)-noise-limited transmission at 10 Gb/s. Optical filtering is used at the transmitter and receiver to optimize the duobinary pulse shape, while suppressing the effects of ASE noise. The optimized system shows excellent ASE-noise-limited performance, approaching to within 3.4 dB of the theoretical matched filter limit for the duobinary system.
Du viatique à l’épique : l’épyllion américain de Marc Lescarbot

Dans cet article, l’auteur etudie les rapports pouvant exister a la Renaissance entre le recit de voyage et le genre epique. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur cerne quelques oppositions theoriques permettant de distinguer les deux genres, oppositions qui s’averent pourtant insuffisantes pour penser leur pratique a la Renaissance. Dans la suite de ces questionnements, la majeure partie de l’etude s’attache a relire un epyllion de Marc Lescarbot, La Defaite des Sauvages Armouchiquois (1607), dans sa relation intertextuelle et meme interpaginale avec l’Histoire de la Nouvelle France (1609) du meme auteur afin de montrer comment l’epyllion et le recit de voyage se prolongent et s’interrogent. L’auteur de l’article analyse la presence de certains episodes du voyage de Lescarbot dans les deux textes pour degager la specificite de chaque (re-)presentation et pour apprehender le role joue par la relation tres concrete qui rattache l’epyllion au recit de voyage et vice-versa. Une telle demarche, qui tient compte de la materialite des textes epique et viatique sous forme de livres, permet de faire remarquer une evolution majeure dans la relation de ces deux genres qui, longtemps restes en France comme incompatibles, commencent a s’ouvrir l’un a l’autre.
Whole Word Morphologizer: Expanding the Word-Based Lexicon: A Nonstochastic Computational Approach

Whole Word Morphologizer is a small computer implementation of word-based morphology. The program automatically identifies morphological relations in a small word-based lexicon, literally learning its morphology, and uses the knowledge it acquires to generate new words. It is based on a model of the mental lexicon in which all entries are whole, entire, fully fledged words and relies solely on basic cognitive principles (differentiation and generalization) for the automatic acquisition of morphological relations and the population of the lexicon.
Absorptiometric Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Aqueous Ethanolic Solution

Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was found to be quite soluble and quite stable in a 50/50% volume/volume water–ethanol solution. In this solution, a well-defined spectrum with a maximum absorbance, λmax, of 276 nm of ASA was observed, and a molar absorptivity, e, of 1.1 × 103 M-cm was determined. These characteristic physical properties were used to determine ASA concentration in different brands of aspirin. The λmax and the e of salicylic acid were also determined. The characteristic values determined were 300 nm and 3.83 × 103 M-cm, respectively. In this solution and using the method developed here, the concentrations of salicylic acid and ASA in a given aspirin formulation can be determined simultaneously.
Review : Maternal and Congenital Rubella

Although it is certainly a childhood dis ease, many a pediatrician completes his resi dency having seen none or only a few cases of typical rubella. Despite this lack of ex perience he is likely to be invited by an internist or obstetrician to see a patient (often pregnant) with possible rubella or who has been exposed to the disease. On the advice of the consulting pediatrician, the pregnancy may be terminated or may be allowed to go to completion. In the latter case, he may eventually be called upon to evaluate the infant for evidence of con genital rubella.To handle such a situation intelligently, it is necessary to have a thorough under standing of the clinical features and epi demiology of postnatal rubella, the special circumstances involved with infection of mother and fetus, and the current status of methods for diagnosis, treatment, and pre vetition of infection.
Modeling the Effects of Commercial Harvest on Population Growth of River Turtles

Abstract Commercial turtle harvest is considered one of the major contributing factors to declines in turtle populations. Few long-term studies have evaluated turtle population response to harvest and little is known about demographic rates for many turtle species. We gathered demographic rates from the literature for snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina), smooth softshells (Apalone mutica), and spiny softshells (Apalone spinifera), which are harvested in Missouri, and developed deterministic, density-independent, stage-based matrix models to assess turtle population response to plausible harvest rates we estimated from field sampling. Further, we used population modeling to determine annual harvest rates that would result in λ = 1 for each demographic scenario. We developed one model for snapping turtles and another for both softshell species combined due to the lack of available species-specific demographic data for either softshell species. Using mean demographic rates for survival and fecundity, sn...
Intelligent decision making in disassembly process based on fuzzy reasoning Petri nets

Practical disassembly process planning is extremely important for efficient material recycling and components reuse. The research work for the process planning in literature focuses on the generation of optimal sequences based on the predictive information of products. The used products, unfortunately, exhibit high uncertainty since products may experience very different conditions during their use stage. The indeterminate characteristics associated to used products often makes the predetermined plan unrealistic. Their disassembly process has to be decided dynamically adaptive to the products' specific status. To be able to deal with uncertainty in a dynamic decision making process, this paper presents a fuzzy reasoning Petri net (FRPN) model to represent related decision making rules in disassembly process. Using the proposed fuzzy reasoning algorithm based on the FRPN model, the multicriterion disassembly rules can be considered in the parallel way to make the decision automatically and quickly. Instead of producing the disassembly sequences before disassembling a whole product, the proposed method makes intelligent decisions based on dynamically updated status of components in the product at each disassembly step. Therefore, it is adaptive to the changes that arise during the process. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology.
Radiation effects in ZrF4 based glasses: II. Optical absorption

Abstract The optical absorption spectra of ZrF 4 -based glasses such as ZB, ZB+Ce, and ZBLAL X-irradiated at 80 K have been resolved into component bands at 2.68, 4.27 and 5.00 eV. Studies of the annealing behaviors of the optical bands and defect centers elucidated by ESR have correlated the 2.68 eV band with Zr 3+ and the 4.27 eV band with trapped hole centers such as the V K , V H , and possibly V KA . Addition of PbF 2 to the base glass results in a reduction in the 2.68 eV band intensity and the appearance of bands attributed to Pb 3+ and Pb + , indicating that the Pb 2+ in the unirradiated glass is an amphoteric trap for both radiolytic holes and electrons.
Characterization of PZT hollow-sphere transducers

Millimeter size, hollow spheres of lead zirconate titanate have been fabricated by blowing gas through a fine-grained slurry of PZT-5. Techniques were developed for the classification of defects in green and sintered spheres. The spheres were poled radially between inner and outer electrodes. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties were characterized for poled spheres. The two principal resonances were a breathing mode near 700 KHz and a wall thickness mode near 10 MHz. Hydrostatic d/sub h/ coefficients /spl sim/1000 pC/N were measured. Pulse-echo measurements were also performed to characterize transducer performance. Potential applications for these miniature omnidirectional transducers include biomedical imaging, flow noise sensors and hydrophones.
Semi-synchronous conflict detection and resolution in asynchronous software development

Previous work has found that (a) when software is developed collaboratively, concurrent accesses to related pieces of code are made, and (b) when these accesses are coordinated asynchronously through a version control system, they result in in- creased defects because of conflicting concurrent changes. Previous findings also show that distance collaboration aggravates software-development problems and radical co- location reduces them. These results motivate a semi-synchronous distributed computer- supported model that allows programmers creating code asynchronously to synchro- nously collaborate with each other to detect and resolve potentially conflicting tasks be- fore they have completed the tasks. We describe, illustrate, and evaluate a new model designed to meet these requirements. Our results show that the model can catch con- flicts at editing time that would be expensive to manage at later times.
Mechanisms of Local Immunoresistance in Glioma

Even though the central nervous system (CNS) was conventionally defined as "immunologically privileged", new discoveries have demonstrated the role of the immune system in neurologic disease and illness, including gliomas. Brain tumor immunotherapy is an exciting and revived area of research, in which neurosurgeons have taken a major position. Despite the ability to induce a tumor-specific systemic immune response, the challenge to effectively eradicate intracranial gliomas remains mainly because of tumor-induced immunoresistance. This article gives an overview of the immunologic responses that occur in the CNS and their potential role in brain tumors. The main cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate tumor escape from natural immune surveillance are also covered in this article. Glioma cells have been shown to diminish the expression of danger signals necessary for immune activation and to increase the concentration of immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, which results in T-cell anergy or apoptosis. Finally, the authors discuss most of the over-expressed oncogenic signaling pathways that cause tumor tolerance.
An exploratory study of ad hoc query languages to databases

The authors describe an exploratory study performed to compare three different interface styles for ad hoc query to a database. Subjects with wide-ranging computer experience performed queries of varying difficulty using either an artificial, a graphical, or a natural language interface. All three interfaces were commercial products. The study revealed strengths and weaknesses of each interface and showed that interaction with the natural language interface was qualitatively different than interaction with either the graphical or artificial language systems. >
ERROR ANALYSIS OF 3D SHAPE CONSTRUCTION FROM STRUCTURED LIGHTING

Abstract In this paper, we present a detailed model and analysis of several error sources and thier effects on measuring three-dimensional (3D) surface properties using the structured lighting technique. The analysis is based on a general system configuration and identifies three types of error surces—system modeling error, image processing error and experimental error. Absolute and relative error bounds in obtaining 3D surface orientation and curvature measurements using structured lighting are derived in terms of the system parameters and likely error sources. In addition to the quantization error, other likely error sources in system modeling and experimental setup are also considered. Even though our analysis is on structured lighting, the results are readily applicable to other triangulation-based techniques such as stereopsis. Finally, our analysis focuses on error in inferring surface orientation and principal surface curvature. Such analyses, to our knowledge, have never been attempted before.
2D gravity and the black hole solution in 2D critical string theory

Abstract We discuss the relation between 2D gravity and critical string theory in two target space dimensions. In particular we consider the effect that the tachyon, and its back reaction on the metric, has on the interpretation of the critical theory as a non-critical theory coupled to world sheet gravity. We examine the generalizations of the black hole solution of the critical theory and argue that a generic feature of these solutions is that they have two horizons, similar to, but distinct from, the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. We also find some indication that the tachyon may destabilize a naked singularity. Finally we show that KPZ scaling is valid for the general solution of the critical theory, when it is interpreted as a theory of world sheet gravity.
Meningeal melanocytoma ("melanotic meningioma"). Its melanocytic origin as revealed by electron microscopy.

A primary melanotic tumor of the leptomeninges with prolonged clinical course and benign histology was studied by light and electron microscopy. Similar tumors, referred to as “pigmented” or “melanotic” meningiomas, were reviewed. The cells of the tumor reported here lack the ultrastructural features of meningothelium and are characterized by the presence of numerous melanosomes and premelanosomes in their cytoplasm. Therefore, the term “meningeal melanocytoma” rather than “pigmented meningioma” appears appropriate. A benign histology and favorable clinical course distinguish meningeal melanocytoma from primary malignant melanomas of the leptomeninges. The histology, ultrastructure, and behavior of this tumor show similarities to melanocytic tumors of the dermis (cellular blue nevus) and of the uveal tract (spindle A melanoma). While cytologically and biologically benign, meningeal melanocytomas may cause neurologic deficits through their expanding growth; an early excision may be curative before neurologic complications become fatal.
Calculated photon echo signals for the aqueous solvated electron: The origin of ultrafast electronic dephasing

Abstract Photon echo and resonant transient grating signals are calculated for the hydrated electron based on the results of quantum molecular dynamics simulations. The echo decays in ⩽ 15 fs. Comparison to echo calculations for organic probes and different solvent response functions reveals the origin of this ultrafast dephasing. For the strongly coupled hydrated electron, small changes in solvent configuration lead to large fluctuations in the transition frequency causing a rapid loss of electronic coherence, even in the absence of fast inertial solvent motions. In such strongly coupled systems where the echo decay is insensitive to solvation dynamics, the resonant transient grating experiment can provide a measure of the solvent response.
Los escenarios sociales en America Latina y el Caribe

Las mas variadas fuentes han destacado la magnitud y profundidad de los problemas que sacuden a America Latina y el Caribe en el campo social y los riesgos que suponen para la democracia. Aunque hay otros que tambien merecerian ser considerados, en este articulo se resenan sumariamente nueve problemas sociales clave de gran impacto en la Region: 1) el aumento de la pobreza, 2) su impacto, 3) el desempleo y la informalidad del empleo, 4) las carencias en materia de salud publica, 5) los problemas de la educacion, 6) los nuevos pobres, 7) la erosion de la familia, 8) el aumento de la criminalidad y 9) el circulo perverso de la exclusion. La solucion de estos problemas no admite demoras. Urge dar el salto a una vision integrada del desarrollo que logre un tipo de equilibrio diferente entre las politicas economicas y sociales, y que reconozca el papel imprescindible de estas ultimas en la obtencion de un desarrollo que tenga bases realmente sostenibles. Estan en juego problemas no solo de recursos, sino tambien de prioridades, de grados de equidad y de organizacion social. El enfrentamiento de la pobreza y la inequidad en la Region requiere una revision profunda de las consecuencias sociales de las politicas economicas, del crucial tema de la inequidad latinoamericana, la mayor del mundo, y del papel de las politicas sociales. Se necesita tambien una revalorizacion del papel de las politicas publicas.
Computationally efficient sound field calculations for a circular array transducer

A computationally efficient method is presented for calculating field pressure distributions from a circular phased array transducer. This method employs a form of the rectangular radiator approach modified for use with the geometry of a circular array. The curved surface of the elements, radiating either continuous wave or pulsed excitation signals, is divided into incremental rectangular areas small enough so that the Fraunhofer approximation can be applied. Once the directivity of a single element is found, the array beam pattern can be calculated using superposition and suitable coordinate transformations. The validity of this approach is verified through comparisons with experimental data from a circular phased array. The results show that the location and amplitude of the grating lobes and main lobe width can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using this method. >
Data-driven echo cancellation for a multitone modulation system

The problem of echo cancellation in a multitone modulation (MTM) scheme is addressed. A general model for the near-end echo is derived and is used to identify candidate data-driven echo canceller (DDEC) structures. The stability, steady state performance, and associated system complexity of an adaptive DDEC based on the stochastic gradient approach is developed. It is further shown how the symmetry in the derived echo path model can be exploited to enable a reduction in canceller complexity, enhancing convergence speed without sacrificing final SNR. Simulation results are provided that confirm the analytical predictions. >
Embryogenesis of arborization pattern and topography of individual axons in N. laminaris of the chicken brain stem.

This study examined the development of individual axon terminal fields in n. laminaris (NL) of the chicken brainstem. In their mature form axons from the nucleus magnocellularis (NM), second-order auditory neurons in the chicken brainstem, project bilaterally onto the NL. Axons from the ipsilateral and contralateral NM neurons form spatially segregated, elongated arbors in the dorsal and ventral neuropil of NL, respectively. The long axes of these arbors correspond to physiologically defined isofrequency bands. To assess the development of this stereotyped arborization pattern, 6-17-day embryonic chicken brain stems were maintained in vitro while injecting horseradish peroxidase into small groups of axons. Three-dimensional reconstructions were made from serial sections and projected onto a Cartesian plane for quantitative analyses. At embryonic day 6 (E6), the ventral axons already course beneath the recently migrated NL neurons. The arrival of the dorsal NM axon branches is delayed and their paths are indirect. They first loop dorsally into the the ventricular layer, where they seem to make specific connections with migrating NL neurons and use these as guides to their appropriate positions ~~ in the NL. During the period from E9 to El7 the dorsal and ventral terminal fields become similar,kach adopting properties of the other’s initial pattern. The dorsal terminal fields extend to form bands similar to the early ventral terminal fields, while the ventral terminal fields narrow and appear to shift position in order to achieve the tonotopic specificity characteristic of the early dorsal terminal fields. The results show that a complex, mature pattern of neuronal connections can be formed during development by the combination and reorganization of two simple patterns-each shaped, in turn, by its respective axonal trajectory.
Work In Progress: Incorporating System-Level Design Tools into Digital Design and Capstone Courses

This paper describes our ongoing effort to create a set of laboratory exercises and projects of varying complexities suitable for undergraduate, upper level digital design and capstone courses. The laboratory exercises incorporate system-level design tools and state-of-the-art FPGA boards. Specifically, this work shares the experience of using software tools such as Simulink, an assortment of Matlab toolboxes, Xilinx System Generator, Xilinx Integrated System Environment (ISE) and mentor graphics FPGA design and verification tools, and an assortment of Xilinx-based FPGA boards to create cross-disciplinary laboratory exercises and capstone projects in the areas of digital design, computer architecture, and signal and image processing. The developed laboratory assignments allow students to experiment with alternative forms of design and implementation technologies. Evaluation and assessment tools are being developed to measure the impacts of these projects on student learning and to guide future modifications of these projects.
The Medical Home and Hospital Readmissions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Despite considerable attention, little is known about the degree to which primary care medical homes influence early postdischarge utilization. We sought to test the hypothesis that patients with medical homes are less likely to have early postdischarge hospital or emergency department (ED) encounters. METHODS: This prospective cohort study enrolled randomly selected patients during an acute hospitalization at a children’s hospital during 2012 to 2014. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from administrative sources and caregiver questionnaires on admission through 30 days postdischarge. Medical home experience was assessed by using Maternal and Child Health Bureau definitions. Primary outcomes were 30-day unplanned readmission and 7-day ED visits to any hospital. Logistic regression explored relationships between outcomes and medical home experiences. RESULTS: We followed 701 patients, 97% with complete data. Thirty-day unplanned readmission and 7-day ED revisit rates were 12.4% and 5.6%, respectively. More than 65% did not have a medical home. In adjusted models, those with medical home component “having a usual source of sick and well care” had fewer readmissions than those without (adjusted odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.96). Readmissions were higher among those with less parent confidence in avoiding a readmission, subspecialist primary care providers, longer length of index stay, and more hospitalizations in the past year. ED visits were associated with lack of parent confidence but not medical home components. CONCLUSIONS: Lacking a usual source for care was associated with readmissions. Lack of parent confidence was associated with readmissions and ED visits. This information may be used to target interventions or identify high-risk patients before discharge.
23 REDUCTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION, PROLIFERATION, AND GENE EXPRESSION IN FIBROBLAST DONOR CELLS FOR USE IN SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER BY CPI-613 AND PS48

The morphology (spherical and without cristae) and metabolism (lowly functional) of mitochondria in early embryos and other rapidly proliferating cells exhibit a Warburg effect (WE)-like metabolism. A hallmark of the WE is the predominate use of glycolysis for energy production as opposed to the tricarboxylic acid cycle used by differentiated cells. Additionally, increased signalling of the PI3K pathway is correlated with an increase in glucose metabolism within cancer cells and is consistent with the WE. PS48 stimulates the PI3K pathway, and CPI-613 inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase. The goal was to achieve a WE-like effect in donor cells before NT. Day 35 porcine fetal fibroblasts were treated as controls (CON, 0 μM) or with CPI (25, 50, or 100 μM) or PS48 (1, 5, 10 μM) for 7 days. Cytometry data were processed using SUMMIT software and analysed via GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA); all variables were analysed for the main effect of drug concentration. Trypan blue cell viability measures were analysed using GLM. For each collection day (i.e. Day 3, 5, and 7), all variables were analysed for the main effect of treatment, duration of culture, and their interaction. All mRNA expression as measured via the ΔΔ-ct method by qPCR was analysed using CT values in GLM for the main effect of drug treatment. Total number of cells and live cells at 120 h was decreased (P ≤ 0.03) in all PS48 treatments compared with CON cells (total cells: CON = 8.95 × 106 v. PS48 treatments ≤6.98 × 106; live cells: CON = 8.39 × 106 v. PS48 treatments ≤6.50 × 106). While the percentage live cells in CPI and CON cells did not differ (P ≥ 0.09), 100 μM decreased the number of total cells and live cells from that of CON for every time point by ~50% (P ≤ 0.02), whereas the other CPI treatments 25 and 50 μM were intermediate. Expression of PDK2 was reduced with 10 μM PS48 treatment compared with CON, and 50 and 100 μM CPI treated cells (P 0.68). To determine the mitochondrial membrane potential, JC-10 was used. The percentage of cells with high mitochondrial membrane potential decreased (P = 0.04) with PS48 treatment (PS48 treatments ≤19.6%, control = 25.6%). Treatment with CPI also decreased (P ≤ 0.01) membrane potential and the percentages of cells (high function: CPI treatments ≤12.7 v. 25.6% in control; low function: CPI treatments ≥80.3 v. 74.3%). Because PS48 or CPI decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and the abundance of PKM M1, the metabolism of these potential donor cells may be more blastomere like. Experiments are underway to determine whether cells treated with PS48 or CPI will result in better development after somatic cell NT. This study was funded by Food for the 21st Century and NIH R01HD080636.
Interplay between spin-orbit coupling and strong correlation effects: Comparison of the three osmate double perovskites Ba 2 A OsO 6 (A =Na , Ca, Y)

High formal valence Os-based double perovskites are a focus of current interest because they display strong interplay of large spin-orbit coupling and strong electronic correlation. Here we present the electronic and magnetic characteristics of a sequence of three cubic Os based double perovskites ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}A{\mathrm{OsO}}_{6}$ ($A=\text{Na}$, Ca, Y), with formal valences of $\mathrm{Os}{}^{+7}({d}^{1}),\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Os}{}^{+6}({d}^{2})$, and $\mathrm{Os}{}^{+5}({d}^{3})$. For these first principles based calculations we apply an ``exact exchange for correlated electrons'' functional, with exact exchange applied in a hybrid fashion solely to the Os $(5d)$ states. While ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{NaOsO}}_{6}$ is a reported ferromagnetic Dirac-Mott insulator studied previously, the other two show antiferromagnetic ordering while all retain the undistorted cubic structure. For comparison purposes we have investigated only the ferromagnetic ordered phase. A metal-insulator transition is predicted to occur upon rotating the direction of magnetization in all three materials, reflecting the central role of spin-orbit coupling in these small gap osmates. Surprises arising from comparing formal charge states with the radial charge densities are discussed. Chemical shielding factors and orbital susceptibilities are provided for comparison with future nuclear magnetic resonance data.
Phenomenal evidence and factive evidence defended: replies to McGrath, Pautz, and Neta

This paper defends and develops the capacity view against insightful critiques from Matt McGrath, Adam Pautz, and Ram Neta. In response to Matt McGrath, I show why capacities are essential and cannot simply be replaced with representational content. I argue moreover, that the asymmetry between the employment of perceptual capacities in the good and the bad case is sufficient to account for the epistemic force of perceptual states yielded by the employment of such capacities. In response to Adam Pautz, I show why a perceiver’s belief is better justified than the belief of someone who suffers a subjectively indistinguishable hallucination. I show, moreover, why the capacity view is compatible with standard Bayesian principles and how it accounts for degrees of justification. In response to Ram Neta, I discuss the relationship between evidence and rational confidence, as well as the notion of evidence in light of an externalism about perceptual content.
Preemptive Pharmacogenomic Testing for Precision Medicine: A Comprehensive Analysis of Five Actionable Pharmacogenomic Genes Using Next-Generation DNA Sequencing and a Customized CYP2D6 Genotyping Cascade.

Significant barriers, such as lack of professional guidelines, specialized training for interpretation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) data, and insufficient evidence to support clinical utility, prevent preemptive PGx testing from being widely clinically implemented. The current study, as a pilot project for the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time–Using Genomic Data to Individualize Treatment Protocol, was designed to evaluate the impact of preemptive PGx and to optimize the workflow in the clinic setting. We used an 84-gene next-generation sequencing panel that included SLCO1B1, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and VKORC1 together with a custom-designed CYP2D6 testing cascade to genotype the 1013 subjects in laboratories approved by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act. Actionable PGx variants were placed in patient's electronic medical records where integrated clinical decision support rules alert providers when a relevant medication is ordered. The fraction of this cohort carrying actionable PGx variant(s) in individual genes ranged from 30% (SLCO1B1) to 79% (CYP2D6). When considering all five genes together, 99% of the subjects carried an actionable PGx variant(s) in at least one gene. Our study provides evidence in favor of preemptive PGx testing by identifying the risk of a variant being present in the population we studied.
Studies of conjugated bilirubin. II. Problem of sulfates of bilirubin in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract Serial samples of bile from the human being and dog were examined for a sulfate conjugate of bilirubin by S 35 O 4 tracer studies and the diazotized benzidine colorimetric method. It was demonstrated that the diazotized sulfanilic acid derivatives of bilirubin could be freed completely of S 35 activity. This was accomplished by 2 dimensional paper chromatography or by extracting with organic solvents followed by cold water washing while the azo derivatives were adsorbed to zinc hydroxide gel. A molecular relationship between alkali-stable, direct reacting bilirubin and sulfate could not be demonstrated. The significance of the sulfate moiety present in this fraction is unknown. It is concluded that identification of the alkali-stable, direct reacting fraction of conjugated bilirubin with a nonglucuronide, water-soluble conjugate of bilirubin is not yet justified. Glucuronide glucuronic acid has regularly been associated with the alkali-stable bilirubin azopigment B spot on paper chromatograms. The bilirubin sulfate previously described has been examined in more detail. Better yields are obtained by the use of a much smaller proportion of concentrated sulfuric acid to acetic anhydride. The polar, direct diazo reacting compound has been characterised as a bilirubin sulfonate on the basis of its behavior in various reactions. The most likely site of the conjugation is at the pyrrol nitrogen. The number of sulfonate groups per bilirubin molecule has not been determined. The compound is easily oxidized to biliverdin and reduced to urobilinogen as the sulfonate.
Proof without words: Sum of Integers

(1984). Proof without words: Sum of Integers. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 104-104.
A New Design for Effective Screening within the Stock Consistency Range of Approx. 3

Design and development of a new pressure screen for the medium stock consistency range are demonstrated, which allow a process of screening also with smallest perforation-resp. slot widths.
Pelvic ring injury and associated urologic trauma: an orthopaedic perspective

Pelvic ring trauma is frequently associated with damage to many organ systems, including the vascular, genitourinary, nervous, reproductive, and intestinal systems. The orthopaedic treatment of these patients must incorporate the presence of these injured soft tissue structures and the physicians who are knowledgeable in the care of these anatomic regions in treatment decision making. Improvement in the treatment of these patients has been based on progress in areas of interventional radiology, general surgery, urology, and orthopaedics. The purposes of this report are to define the natural history and the survival rate after a pelvic fracture or dislocation, as well as to present classification schemes used by the orthopaedic surgeon, define current controversies, and recommend treatment based on the pattern of injury to the pelvic ring.
Willingness to Take, Use of, and Indications for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men—20 US Cities, 2014

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention tool for people at substantial risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To monitor the current state of PrEP use among men who have sex with men (MSM), we report on willingness to use PrEP and PrEP utilization. To assess whether the MSM subpopulations at highest risk for infection have indications for PrEP according to the 2014 clinical guidelines, we estimated indications for PrEP for MSM by demographics. Methods We analyzed data from the 2014 cycle of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system among MSM who tested HIV negative in NHBS and were currently sexually active. Adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from log-linked Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations to explore differences in willingness to take PrEP, PrEP use, and indications for PrEP. Results Whereas over half of MSM said they were willing to take PrEP, only about 4% reported using PrEP. There was no difference in willingness to take PrEP between black and white MSM. PrEP use was higher among white compared with black MSM and among those with greater education and income levels. Young, black MSM were less likely to have indications for PrEP compared with young MSM of other races/ethnicities. Conclusions Young, black MSM, despite being at high risk of HIV acquisition, may not have indications for PrEP under the current guidelines. Clinicians may need to consider other factors besides risk behaviors such as HIV incidence and prevalence in subgroups of their communities when considering prescribing PrEP.
Rate of Organ Space Infection Is Reduced with the Use of an Air Leak Test During Major Hepatectomies

Organ/space surgical site infections (OSIs) constitute an important postoperative metric. We sought to assess the impact of a previously described air leak test (ALT) on the incidence of OSI following major hepatectomies. A single-institution hepatobiliary database was queried for patients who underwent a major hepatectomy without biliary-enteric anastomosis between January 2009 and June 2015. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and intraoperative data—including application of ALT—were analyzed for associations with postoperative outcomes, including OSI, hospital length of stay (LOS), morbidity and mortality rates, and readmission rates. Three hundred eighteen patients were identified who met inclusion criteria, of whom 210 had an ALT. ALT and non-ALT patients did not differ in most disease and treatment characteristics, except for higher rates of trisegmentectomy among ALT patients (53 vs. 34 %, p = 0.002). ALT patients experienced lower rates of OSI and 90-day morbidity than non-ALT patients (5.2 vs. 13.0 %, p = 0.015 and 24.8 vs. 40.7 %, p = 0.003, respectively). In turn, OSI was the strongest independent predictor of longer LOS (OR = 4.89; 95 % CI, 2.80–6.97) and higher rates of 30- (OR = 32.0; 95 % CI, 10.9–93.8) and 45-day readmissions (OR = 29.4; 95 % CI, 10.2–84.6). The use of an intraoperative ALT significantly reduces the rate of OSI following major hepatectomy and may contribute to lower post-discharge readmission rates.
Post-conflict reintegration in Central Bosnia: current efforts and affairs

In this thesis, I explore ethno-national resistance to reform efforts aimed at strengthening the national government and reintegrating the system of education in Bosnia-Herzegovina. This discussion stems from ethnographic fieldwork conducted during the summer of 2015, in response to an October 2014 Supreme Court ruling in the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina that found the “two schools under one roof” program unconstitutional, and ordered an end to its practice. Fieldwork was conducted primarily in one town in the Central Bosnia Canton, and my goal was to see whether there had been any proposed changes to local schools in response to the 2014 Supreme Court ruling, and if there had not, what local attitudes regarding such a ruling were, along with attitudes about the “two schools under one roof” program, and education in BiH in general. I draw upon discussions concerned with post-conflict reconciliation, ethnic identity, and language ideology to explore the tensions that exist between state-level mandates aimed at reintegration, and the preferences of Bosnia-Herzegovina’s ruling elites. I demonstrate that the power-sharing mechanisms established in the Dayton Peace Accords have enabled ethnonational leaders to resist reforms aimed at a centralized state, which has allowed the “two schools under one roof” program to continue. In doing so, I argue that ethno-national resistance to reform and reintegration efforts further encourages spatial divisions, and allows schools to become private spaces that are used for the reproduction of ethno-national identities rather than as forums for cohesion and the interaction of a common citizenry.