cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure-Activity Relationships of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Production and Induction of Macrophage Cell Death in the Presence of Cycloheximide (CHX) in a Murine MacrophageLike Cell Line, J774.1

The structure-activity relationships of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and induction of macrophage cell death in the presence of cycloheximide (CHX) were examined in a murine macrophage-like cell line, J774.1. TNF-alpha production is one of the characteristic phenotypes of LPS-activated macrophages, and is observed upon incubation with LPS. On the contrary, macrophage cell death, which had been found in our laboratory (Amano F., Karahashi H., J. Endotoxin Res., 3, 415423 (1996)) and was examined as the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells into the culture supernatant, was observed 2.5 h after the addition of LPS in the presence of CHX. However, both TNF-alpha production and macrophage cell death were similarly dependent on the structures of LPS and lipid A. At more than 10 ng/ml, wild-type LPS from E.coli and S. minnesota exhibited the highest activity, and LPS as well as diphosphoryl lipid A from S. minnesota rough mutants also exhibited activity, but E. coli LPS detoxified by alkaline treatment or monophosphoryl lipid A from S. minnesota exhibited no activity even at 100 ng/ml. These results suggest that LPS-induced macrophage cell death in the presence of CHX shows similar requirements for LPS and/or lipid A structures as for the macrophage activation at higher doses than 10 ng/ml, although the former was not observed at 1 ng/ml LPS, while the latter was. However, TNF-alpha does not seem to be involved in the induction of macrophage cell death, because a neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibody failed to block the macrophage cell death and because recombinant TNF-alpha had little effect on the extent of LDH release in the presence or absence of LPS and/or CHX, and also because TNF-alpha production by LPS was abolished in the presence of CHX.
Can broad-range 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene polymerase chain reactions improve the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study objective We aim to evaluate the accuracy of the broad-range 16S polymerase chain reaction test in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, using the Medical Subject Headings terms "polymerase chain reaction," "RNA, ribosomal, 16S," and "bacterial meningitis." For our primary analysis, we examined the 16S polymerase chain reaction in culture-proven bacterial meningitis. In ancillary observations, we included studies of culture-negative presumed bacterial meningitis, in which there was high clinical suspicion for bacterial meningitis despite negative cerebrospinal fluid culture results. We extracted information necessary to calculate sensitivity and specificity and used bivariate hierarchic modeling meta-analysis methods to obtain pooled statistics. We also estimated potential sources of error and bias such as between-study heterogeneity and publication bias. Results Fourteen of 299 studies met inclusion criteria for culture-proven bacterial meningitis; 448 (16.1%) of 2,780 subjects had positive cerebrospinal fluid culture results. Pooled analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75% to 98%), specificity of 94% (95% CI 90% to 97%), positive likelihood ratio of 16.26 (95% CI 9.07 to 29.14), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.09 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.28) for culture-proven bacterial meningitis. The polymerase chain reaction test result was also positive in 30% of cases of culture-negative presumed bacterial meningitis. There was significant heterogeneity between studies. Conclusion This meta-analysis supports the role of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool in bacterial meningitis. With further refinements in technology, the polymerase chain reaction test has the potential to become a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in the emergency department.
Radiation Hardness Tests of SiPMs for the JLab Hall D Barrel Calorimeter

We report on the measurement of the neutron radiation hardness of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) manufactured by Hamamatsu Corporation in Japan and SensL in Ireland. Samples from both companies were irradiated by neutrons created by a 1 GeV electron beam hitting a thin lead target at Jefferson Lab Hall A. More tests regarding the temperature dependence of the neutron radiation damage and self-annealing were performed on Hamamatsu SiPMs using a calibrated Am–Be neutron source from the Jefferson Lab Radiation Control group. As the result of irradiation both dark current and dark rate increase linearly as a function of the 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence and a temperature dependent self-annealing effect is observed.
Monte Carlo Design studies for a next generation UHE neutrino observatory located in a large rock salt formation

Ultra-high Energy cosmic neutrinos will produce a detectable pulse of RF radiation when they interact in solid media. Large rock salt formations, which are highly transparent to RF radiation, may serve as the medium for detectors searching for astrophysical neutrino sources. It is possible to instrument such formations with antennas to produce a detector with tens of cubic kilometers of water-equivalent volume and a large solid angle neutrino acceptance. We review previously reported on the long attenuation length measurements for electric fields in the Hockley salt dome. We consider here several detector geometries and their sensitivities to cosmic neutrino fluxes. We also report on insights yielded by Monte Carlo studies into the scaling laws governing the design of such a detector.
Using Self-Monitoring: Implementation of Collaborative Empiricism in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Abstract Self-monitoring is an important clinical technique used in cognitive-behavioral therapy. It is frequently used for homework assignments in the context of comprehensive treatments. A description of self-monitoring and practical considerations is presented, followed by an examination of self-monitoring as a means to facilitate collaborative empiricism in therapy. It may foster collaboration between therapist and client in collecting and reviewing essential data, inform treatment planning, and enhance the client's sense of agency. A clinical case example is included to provide an emphasis on clinical application. We conclude by noting potential mechanisms for facilitating change through the use of self-monitoring. Continued examination of applied clinical practice, including strategies such as self-monitoring, is needed to further our understanding of the mechanisms of therapeutic change.
Representation of complex rational numbers in quantum mechanics

A representation of complex rational numbers in quantum mechanics is described that is not based on logical or physical qubits. It stems from noting that the 0's in a product qubit state do not contribute to the number. They serve only as place holders. The representation is based on the distribution of four types of systems on an integer lattice. The four types, labeled as positive real, negative real, positive imaginary, and negative imaginary, are represented by creation and annihilation operators acting on the system vacuum state. Complex rational number states correspond to products of creation operators acting on the vacuum. Various operators, including those for the basic arithmetic operations, are described. The representation used here is based on occupation number states and is given for bosons and fermions.
Game theoretic analysis of a strategic model of competitive contagion and product adoption in social networks

In this paper we propose and study a strategic model of marketing and product adoption in social networks. Two firms compete for the spread of their products in a social network. Considering their fixed budgets, they initially determine the payoff of their products and the number of their initial seeds in a network. Afterwards, neighboring agents play a local coordination game over a fixed network which determines the dynamics of the spreading. Assuming myopic best response dynamics, agents choose a product based on the payoff received by actions of their neighbors. This local update dynamics results in a game-theoretic diffusion process in the network. Utilizing earlier results in the literature, we find a lower and an upper bound on the proportion of product adoptions. We derive an explicit characterization of these bounds based on the payoff of products offered by firms, the initial number of adoptions and the underlying structure of the network. We then consider a case in which after switching to the new product, agents might later switch back to the old product with some fixed rate. We show that depending on the rate of switching back to the old product, the new product might always die out in the network eventually. Finally, we consider a game between two firms aiming to optimize their products adoptions while considering their fixed budgets. We describe the Nash equilibrium of this game and show how the optimal payoffs offered by firms and the initial number of seeds depend on the relative budgets of firms.
Ten-fold decline in Mysis diluviana in Lake Champlain between 1975 and 2012

Mysis diluviana is an important mid-trophic level omnivore in many lakes, but studies of Mysis in Lake Champlain are rare. We used an unpublished 1975 study as a baseline to test for changes in contemporary Mysis populations in Lake Champlain. Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) were first reported in 1993 and 2003, respectively. Based on the negative relationships of these two species with Mysis and Mysis prey in the Great Lakes, we hypothesized a decline in Mysis in Lake Champlain since 1975 and tested this by repeating the 1975 study in 2012. We found a nearly ten-fold decrease in mean density (± SD) between 1975 (712 ± 373 individuals/m2) and 2012 (82 ± 48 individuals/m2; p = 0.002). Despite the decline, Mysis growth rates appeared similar between the two studies, although fecundity significantly increased by 3 embryos/female in 2012 (p = 0.002). Mysis vertical distribution appeared similar in both years, while the horizontal distribution appeared limited to deeper bathymetric strata in 2012 compared to 1975. Data from a long-term monitoring program from 1992 to 2008 indicate the decline occurred abruptly in the mid-1990s, which coincided with zebra mussel establishment although a direct link between the two is not evident. Alewife did not invade Lake Champlain until 2003 and can be ruled out as a contributing factor to the decline. We hypothesize that the combination of predation by alewife and smelt and shifts in the planktonic food web may prevent Mysis from recovering to pre-1995 densities.
The development and application of individualized levels systems for the treatment of severe problem behavior

Behavioral levels systems are commonly used in a variety of settings and are usually applied at the group level to promote socially desirable behavior and compliance with institutional rules. Despite their widespread use, however, there is surprisingly little empirical data supporting the effectiveness of these interventions. In addition, some researchers have suggested that such group-based interventions may not be consistent with laws mandating individualized educational programming. The current investigation examined the effectiveness of individualized levels systems for decreasing severe problem behaviors exhibited by 4 individuals with developmental disabilities. An individualized multilevel system was developed for each participant based on functional analysis and preference assessment results. These interventions were highly effective in decreasing problem behaviors for each participant. For 2 participants, a component analysis was conducted to identify the necessary components of the levels system. Generalization and care provider training were conducted for all participants. The results suggest that levels systems based on functional analysis and preference assessment results can be effectively generalized and implemented by care providers with good treatment integrity. This approach is presented as a potential alternative to the group-based levels systems that are described in the literature and commonly applied in the community.
Paget's disease of the mandible — a review and report of a case

Abstract Paget's disease is a chronic progressive disease of bone of unknown etiology. Jaw involvement is seen in approximately 17% of cases, and usually it is the maxilla that is involved. This is a report of a case of Paget's disease involving the mandible. An apparently uncommon observation was severe resorption of the roots of the 2nd molar tooth. Clinically the tooth appeared ankylosed. After surgical removal, the tooth was fixed, demineralized and paraffin sections were made. The microscopic evaluation revealed that the root structures had been replaced by osseous tissue by a mechanism of replacement resorption.
Testing for risk of preterm delivery

Four discrete mechanisms for the pathogenesis of PTD have been described but they share a final common pathway. Moreover, although the mechanisms have distinct clinical characteristics, they are not mutually exclusive. As an example, triplet gestations are more likely to be associated with periconceptional intrauterine manipulations predisposing to infection, as well as fetal growth restriction, decidual hemorrhage, and pathologic uterine distention. An improved understanding of these pathologic pathways has led to the development of new tests to predict PTD. Use of multiple markers (eg, serum CRH, salivary E3, cervical IL-6, TAT, and fFN) holds promise for implementing targeted interventions to prevent PTD.
Optimization of UHV-CVD Thin Films for Gate Dielectric Applications

In-situ and ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and time of flight medium energy backscattering (ToF MEBS), are used to investigate the properties of 30 and 60 A ZrO2 films deposited at different temperatures on hydrogen terminated silicon (H-Si) and native silicon oxide surfaces. Results show that the initial-stage deposition of ZrO2 on H-Si and native silicon oxide surfaces are different. A 3-dimesional (3D) type nucleation process of ZrO2 on H-Si leads to high surface roughness films, while layer-by-layer deposition on native silicon oxide surfaces leads to smooth, uniform ZrO2 films. An interfacial layer, between the substrate and the metal oxide, is formed through two independent mechanisms: reaction between the starting surfaces and ZTB or its decomposition intermediates, and diffusion of reactive oxidants through the forming ZrO2 interfacial stack layer to react with the substrate.
Optimal sensor placement for enhancing sensitivity to change in stiffness for structural health monitoring

This paper focuses on optimal sensor placement for structural health monitoring (SHM), in which the goal is to find an optimal configuration of sensors that will best predict structural damage. The problem is formulated as a bound constrained mixed variable programming (MVP) problem, in which the discrete variables are categorical; i.e., they may only take on values from a pre-defined list. The problem is particularly challenging because the objective function is computationally expensive to evaluate and first-order derivatives may not be available. The problem is solved numerically using the generalized mixed variable pattern search (MVPS) algorithm. Some new theoretical convergence results are proved, and numerical results are presented, which show the potential of our approach.
Lower bounds for the complexity of the graph of the Hausdorff distance as a function of transformation

The Hausdorff distance is a measure defined between two sets in some metric space. This paper investigates how the Hausdorff distance changes as one set is transformed by some transformation group. Algorithms to find the minimum distance as one set is transformed have been described, but few lower bounds are known. We consider the complexity of the graph of the Hausdorff distance as a function of transformation, and exhibit some constructions that give lower bounds for this complexity. We exhibit lower-bound constructions for both sets of points in the plane, and sets of points and line segments; we consider the graph of the directed Hausdorff distance under translation, rigid motion, translation and scaling, and affine transformation. Many of the results can also be extended to the undirected Hausdorff distance. These lower bounds are for the complexity of the graph of the Hausdorff distance, and thus do not necessarily bound algorithms that search this graph; however, they do give an indication of how complex the search may be.
Parental anxiety and depression associated with caring for a child newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: Opportunities for education and counseling ☆

Abstract Objective To examine demographic and clinical characteristics, such as pediatric parenting stress and self-efficacy for diabetes care, of parents of children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes that are associated with parental anxiety and depression. Methods 102 parents reported on their levels of depression (CESD), state anxiety (STAI), pediatric parenting stress (PIP), and self-efficacy for diabetes care (SED) within 4 weeks of their child's diagnosis with type 1 diabetes. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. Results Parents' scores in the clinical range for depression and anxiety were associated with increased frequency and difficulty of pediatric parenting stress, and there was a trend for depression to be related to lower self-efficacy for diabetes care. The association of female gender with anxiety and depression was partially mediated by more frequent pediatric parenting stress. Conclusion Parents of children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes are at risk for experiencing anxiety and depression, related, in part, to their experiences of pediatric parenting stress. Practice implications Providers and educators should be aware of the risk for depression and anxiety in parents and should work to decrease pediatric parenting stress, increase self-efficacy, and refer parents who are experiencing significant anxiety or depression following their child's diagnosis to a mental health specialist.
Morphology and Distribution of in Al-Fe Alloy under an Alternating Magnetic Field

The aim of this work is to study the effect of a low frequency alternating magnetic field on morphology and distribution of A3F2 in the Al-2.89 wt.% Fe alloy. At the cooling rate of 0.05 °C/s, only Al3Fe phase was observed in the iron-containing intermetallics. It was noteworthy that, compared with the conventional solidification, the primary Al3Fe phase was refined and accumulated towards the center of the sample by applying the alternating magnetic field. This phenomenon is considered as the result of the larger Lorentz force acting on the Al3Fe phase than the Al matrix.
Ethical Considerations for the Use of Family Therapy in Substance Abuse Treatment

This article examines the unique ethical considerations for the provision of family therapy as substance abuse treatment. Use of family therapy as substance abuse treatment has grown rapidly, but the ethical codes that guide clinical practice have not kept pace. Ethical pitfalls specific to family counseling within alcohol and drug treatment programs are identified and guiding ethical principles are presented.
Operator Splitting Multiscale Finite Volume Element Method for Two-Phase Flow with Capillary Pressure

A numerical method used for solving a two-phase flow problem as found in typical oil recovery is investigated in the setting of physics-based two-level operator splitting. The governing equations involve an elliptic differential equation coupled with a parabolic convection-dominated equation which poses a severe restriction for obtaining fully implicit numerical solutions. Furthermore, strong heterogeneity of the porous medium over many length scales adds to the complications for effectively solving the system. One viable approach is to split the system into three sub-systems: the elliptic, the hyperbolic, and the parabolic equation, respectively. In doing so, we allow for the use of appropriate numerical discretization for each type of equation and the careful exchange of information between them. We propose to use the multiscale finite volume element method (MsFVEM) for the elliptic and parabolic equations, and a nonoscillatory difference scheme for the hyperbolic equation. Performance of this procedure is confirmed through several numerical experiments.
Entrance pressure drop studies of corn meal dough during extrusion cooking

The entrance pressure drop during extrusion cooking of corn grits was measured using a cylindrical die viscometer attached to a single screw extruder and compared with results obtained using low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The cylindrical die viscometer had a length to diameter ratio of 40 with half-entry angles of 30, 37.5, 45 and 90° with the horizontal. The entrance pressure drop at the die was measured as a function of extrusion temperature, product moisture content and the die entry angle. Results indicate that the flow behavior of corn grits and the entrance pressure drop were affected by product moisture content, process temperature and the shear history in the extruder. Entrance pressure drop also increased with wall shear stress for plastic melt, but for food biopolymer, the increase was observed provided shear history effects were minimized. Entrance correction increased with apparent shear rate for LDPE, but the reverse was true for corn meal. Using Cogswell's analysis, corn grits exhibit severe extension thinning behavior in entry flow.
Observations on the Nature, Biosynthesis, Secretion and Significance of Endogenous Ouabain

The human circulation contains four readily distinguishable biologically active inhibitors of the sodium pump that appear to be endogenous to mammals. Of these, one has been purified to homogeneity and by numerous chromatographic, mass spectral, biochemical, and physiological analyses has been shown to be a novel steroidal isomer of ouabain in which the location and orientation of two or more steroidal hydroxyl groups differ. The human endogenous "ouabain" (EO) is a high affinity reversible inhibitor of the pump with inotropic and vasopressor activity. Circulating levels of EO depend upon the adrenal cortex and metabolic events preceding and following pregnenolone formation are involved in EO biosynthesis. Within the adrenal gland, the stimulus-secretion mechanisms for EO secretion are distinct from those for aldosterone highlighting different regulation. Among Caucasians with essential hypertension, 30-45% have elevated circulating levels of EO. Sustained elevation of plasma ouabain in rats induces chronic hypertension with characteristics similar to those in patients and whose severity is determined by inherited factors and renal function. In conclusion, at least one of the mammalian counterparts to the cardiac glycosides is a novel steroidal isomer of ouabain. The isomer is secreted by the adrenal cortex, and augments cardiovascular function. The observation of this entity in the human circulation, the demonstration of its biosynthesis, and the existence of specific receptors suggest to us that EO is a novel adrenocortical hormone and may be part of a broader family of novel mammalian steroids that regulate the sodium pump and other processes.
Competitive seedlings and inherited traits: a test of rapid evolution of Elymus multisetus (big squirreltail) in response to cheatgrass invasion

Widespread invasion by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) in the Intermountain West has drastically altered native plant communities. We investigated whether Elymus multisetus (big squirreltail) is evolving in response to invasion and what traits contribute to increased performance. Seedlings from invaded areas exhibited significantly greater tolerance to B. tectorum competition and a greater ability to suppress B. tectorum biomass than seedlings from adjacent uninvaded areas. To identify potentially adaptive traits, we examined which phenological and phenotypic traits were correlated with seedling performance within the uninvaded area, determined their genetic variation by measuring sibling resemblance, and asked whether trait distribution had shifted in invaded areas. Increased tolerance to competition was correlated with early seedling root to shoot ratio, root fork number, and fine root length. Root forks differed among families, but none of these traits differed significantly across invasion status. Additionally, we surveyed more broadly for traits that varied between invaded and uninvaded areas. Elymus multisetus plants collected from invaded areas were smaller, allocated more biomass to roots, and produced a higher percentage of fine roots than plants from uninvaded areas. The ability of native populations to evolve in response to invasion has significant implications for the management and restoration of B. tectorum-invaded communities.
Deterministic parallelism via liquid effects

Shared memory multithreading is a popular approach to parallel programming, but also fiendishly hard to get right. We present Liquid Effects, a type-and-effect system based on refinement types which allows for fine-grained, low-level, shared memory multi-threading while statically guaranteeing that a program is deterministic. Liquid Effects records the effect of an expression as a for- mula in first-order logic, making our type-and-effect system highly expressive. Further, effects like Read and Write are recorded in Liquid Effects as ordinary uninterpreted predicates, leaving the effect system open to extension by the user. By building our system as an extension to an existing dependent refinement type system, our system gains precise value- and branch-sensitive reasoning about effects. Finally, our system exploits the Liquid Types refinement type inference technique to automatically infer refinement types and effects. We have implemented our type-and-effect checking techniques in CSOLVE, a refinement type inference system for C programs. We demonstrate how CSOLVE uses Liquid Effects to prove the determinism of a variety of benchmarks.
Dehumanizing the Lowest of the Low: Neuroimaging Responses to Extreme Out-Groups

Traditionally, prejudice has been conceptualized as simple animosity. The stereotype content model (SCM) shows that some prejudice is worse. The SCM previously demonstrated separate stereotype dimensions of warmth (low-high) and competence (low-high), identifying four distinct out-group clusters. The SCM predicts that only extreme out-groups, groups that are both stereotypically hostile and stereotypically incompetent (low warmth, low competence), such as addicts and the homeless, will be dehumanized. Prior studies show that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is necessary for social cognition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging provided data for examining brain activations in 10 participants viewing 48 photographs of social groups and 12 participants viewing objects; each picture dependably represented one SCM quadrant. Analyses revealed mPFC activation to all social groups except extreme (low-low) out-groups, who especially activated insula and amygdala, a pattern consistent with disgust, the emotion predicted by the SCM. No objects, though rated with the same emotions, activated the mPFC. This neural evidence supports the prediction that extreme out-groups may be perceived as less than human, or dehumanized.
Effects of fluence fractionation on UV-induced malignant transformation and cell killing in non-cycling plateau phase mouse cells.

Plateau phase C3H 10T 1/2 mouse cells were used to measure the response to split fluence UV light irradiation in the absence of any cell cycle effects. It was found that fluence fractionation with up to 24 h between the fluences resulted in no survival enhancement. The frequency of malignant transformation was potentiated 2.5-fold when the time interval between the fluences was greater than 4h. This potentiation of transformation was attributed to plateau phase holding rather than to fluence fractionation per se.
Distribution of intranasal instillations in mice: effects of volume, time, body position, and anesthesia

Intranasal instillation techniques are used to deliver various substances to the upper and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) in mice. Here, we quantify the relative distribution achieved with i...
School Adjustment in Sixth Graders: Parenting Transitions, Family Climate, and Peer Norm Effects

This study examined whether sixth graders' (mean age = 11.86 years) adjustment to the school context (assessed by grades, achievement scores, and disruptive behavior) was affected by factors from both the family context (represented by students' reports of the number of parenting transitions experienced as well as current levels of supervision, acceptance, autonomy granting, and conflict in the family) and the peer context (represented by students' perceptions of peer norms supporting academic excellence). School adjustment was related to the number of parenting transitions experienced, family climate, and peer norms as well as to higher-order relations involving family climate and peer norms such that (a) high grade point averages occurred at only moderate levels of family supervision, (b) achievement scores were positively related to supervision at only low levels of family autonomy granting, and (c) grade point average was positively related to peer norms at only high levels of family acceptance.
Enfermedad coronaria aneurismática severa en un adolescente con angina de esfuerzo secundaria a enfermedad de Kawasaki no diagnosticada previamente

We report a 16 year old male with a history of angina on exertion.A treadmill exercise test was positive for ischemia in concordance with a Thallium-201scintigraphy showing a septal and infero-posterior reversible myocardial perfusion defect.Coronary angiography disclosed severe aneurysmal coronary artery disease. Bilateral internalmammary coronary artery bypass grafting was successfully performed. Kawasaki disease is themost likely etiology, although not confirmed (Rev Med Chile 2007; 135: 1182-85).(
After the Baby: Work‐Family Conflict and Working Mothers' Psychological Health

This study examines work and family characteristics and depressive symptomatology among over 700 working mothers of infants. Working mothers in poorer quality jobs, as well as working mothers who were single or whose infant's health was poorer than that of other infants, reported greater depressive symptomatology. The effect of job quality on depressive symptomatology was mediated by work-family conflict, whereas infant health and marital status had direct effects on depressive symptomatology.
Basis expansion models and diversity techniques for blind identification and equalization of time-varying channels

The time-varying impulse response of rapidly fading mobile communication channels is expanded over a basis of complex exponentials that arise due to Doppler effects encountered with multipath propagation. Blind methods are reviewed for estimating the bases' parameters and the model orders. Existing second-order methods are critiqued and novel algorithms are developed for blind identification, direct, zero-forcing equalization and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization by combining channel diversity with temporal (fractional sampling) and/or spatial diversity which becomes available with multiple receivers. Illustrative simulations are also presented.
Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise in Callinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogen Vibrio campbellii

Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun), the Atlantic blue crab, commonly harbors low to moderate amounts of bacteria in hemolymph and other tissues. These bacteria are typically dominated by Vibrio spp., which are known to cause mortality in the blue crab. The dose-dependent lethality of an isolate of Vibrio campbellii was determined in crabs; the mean 48 h LD(50) (half-maximal lethal dose) was 6.2 x 10(5) colony forming units g(-1) crab. Injection of a sublethal dose of V. campbellii into the hemolymph of the crab resulted in a rapid and large depression (30-42%) of metabolic rate, which persisted for 24 h. Because gills are an organ of immune function as well as respiration, we were interested in how bacteria injected into the crab would affect the energetic costs associated with walking. Overall metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic) more than doubled in crabs walking for 30 min at 8 m min(-1). The metabolic depression resulting from bacterial injection persisted throughout the exercise period and patterns of phosphagen and adenylate consumption within walking leg muscle were not affected by treatment. The ability of crabs to supply required energy for walking is largely unaffected by exposure to Vibrio; however, Vibrio-injected crabs are less aerobic while doing so. This depressed metabolic condition in response to bacteria, present during moderate activity, could be a passive result of mounting an immune response or may indicate an actively regulated metabolic depression. A compromised metabolism can affect the performance of daily activities, such as feeding and predator avoidance or affect the ability to cope with environmental stressors, such as hypoxia.
Mobility management for hierarchical wireless networks

In this paper, we consider the mobility management in large, hierarchically organized multihop wireless networks. The examples of such networks range from battlefield networks, emergency disaster relief and law enforcement etc. We present a novel netwroks addressing architecture to accommodate mobility using a “Home Agent” concept akin to mobile IP. We distinguish between the “physical” routing hierarchy (dictated by geographical relationships between nodes) and “logical” hierarchy of subnets in which the members moves as a group (e.g., company, brigade, abttalion in the battlefield). The performance of the mobility management scheme is investigated through simulation.
The GigaRing channel

Cray's GigaRing channel provides flexible intersystem and system-to-peripheral communication for distributed supercomputer environments, sustaining data payload bandwidths on the order of a Gbyte per second.
Physics and control of wall turbulence for drag reduction

Turbulence physics responsible for high skin-friction drag in turbulent boundary layers is first reviewed. A self-sustaining process of near-wall turbulence structures is then discussed from the perspective of controlling this process for the purpose of skin-friction drag reduction. After recognizing that key parts of this self-sustaining process are linear, a linear systems approach to boundary-layer control is discussed. It is shown that singular-value decomposition analysis of the linear system allows us to examine different approaches to boundary-layer control without carrying out the expensive nonlinear simulations. Results from the linear analysis are consistent with those observed in full nonlinear simulations, thus demonstrating the validity of the linear analysis. Finally, fundamental performance limit expected of optimal control input is discussed.
Global trends, LNG and high oil prices - oil and gas - a balancing act : hazardous waste

China's economy eclipsing Japan as the world's second largest economy has longlasting impact on global energy production, consumption and prices. These macro changes are not fleeting but structural, shifting the cyclical rhythm of the global oil and gas market.
Using the Case of Resource Extraction in Mongolia to Interpret the Bakken Formation of North America

Is it fair to guess that the majority of your students know very little about Mongolia? The case of Mongolia provides geography teachers in North America an excellent opportunity to bring the “glob...
Stress and its Effect on Intermixing in Si1−xGex/Si Superlattices

Interdiffusion behavior in long-period Si1-xGex/Si as a function of growth conditions and external stress is examined using x-ray diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy. Both symmetrically and asymmetrically-strained superlattices have been examined, and an activation energy for interdiffusion of 3.9 eV and 4.6 eV have been obtained, respectively. In addition, an enhanced interdiffusion has also been measured in an externally stressed asymmetric superlattice. In both cases, enhanced interdiffusion has been measured whenever the Si barrier layers experience tensile stress during annealing. The Raman spectroscopy supports this result, showing an enhanced Ge diffusion into the Si barriers when these barriers are put under tensile stress. This result will be discussed in terms of the kinetics of defect formation and motion in the strained Si barriers.
LC/QTOF-MS fragmentation of N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors in drinking water supplies is predictable and aids their identification

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is carcinogenic in rodents and occurs in chloraminated drinking water and wastewater effluents. NDMA forms via reactions between chloramines and mostly unidentified, N-containing organic matter. We developed a mass spectrometry technique to identify NDMA precursors by analyzing 25 model compounds with LC/QTOF-MS. We searched isolates of 11 drinking water sources and 1 wastewater using a custom MATLAB® program and extracted ion chromatograms for two fragmentation patterns that were specific to the model compounds. Once a diagnostic fragment was discovered, we conducted MS/MS during a subsequent injection to confirm the precursor ion. Using non-target searches and two diagnostic fragmentation patterns, we discovered 158 potential NDMA precursors. Of these, 16 were identified using accurate mass combined with fragment and retention time matches of analytical standards when available. Five of these sixteen NDMA precursors were previously unidentified in the literature, three of which were metabolites of pharmaceuticals. Except methadone, the newly identified precursors all had NDMA molar yields of less than 5%, indicating that NDMA formation could be additive from multiple compounds, each with low yield. We demonstrate that the method is applicable to other disinfection by-product precursors by predicting and verifying the fragmentation patterns for one nitrosodiethylamine precursor.
The Importance of Being Agnes

Harold Garfinkel's 1950s case study of “Agnes” is broadly understood as the locus classicus of sociological research about transgender people. Drawing on an analysis of unpublished archival materials from Garfinkel and Robert J. Stoller, the lead psychiatrist on Agnes's case, I locate Agnes' experiences at UCLA within a larger history of theorizing about gender and sexuality within the social sciences, and within the emerging field of transgender studies.
A Rapid Recovery Pathway for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis That Improves Pain Control and Reduces Time to Inpatient Recovery After Posterior Spinal Fusion

Abstract Study Design Retrospective comparative cohort. Objectives To determine if a standardized multimodal analgesic and rehabilitation protocol (rapid recovery pathway [RRP]) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) could improve pain control, reduce opioid-related complications, and expedite early mobilization. Background Several reports have described postoperative recovery pathways for AIS patients undergoing PSF that shorten length of stay (LOS) without reporting the impact such pathways might have on patients' pain or quality of recovery. Methods We compared two high-volume surgeons' patients managed on our conventional pathway (CP) or our RRP. The CP analgesia consisted of intraoperative methadone and postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) until tolerating oral analgesics, with adjunctive diazepam. Analgesia on the RRP includes intraoperative methadone and postoperative PCA; patients also receive preoperative gabapentin and acetaminophen, intraoperative intravenous acetaminophen, and postoperative diazepam, gabapentin, acetaminophen, and ketorolac. Ambulation and full diet are permitted beginning postoperative day 1. The primary outcome was mean daily pain scores. Secondary outcomes were LOS, time to pathway milestone completions, and frequency of opioid-related side effects requiring treatment. Results There were 58 patients in the RRP group and 80 patients in the CP group. Patients on RRP had improved mean daily pain scores on postoperative days 0 (p = .027), 1 (p Conclusion Implementation of standardized RRP resulted in reduced pain, faster mobilization, reduced frequency of opioid-related side-effects, and earlier discharge.
Preparation for Accreditation or Reaccreditation

The process of accreditation or reaccreditation of a facility is one which insures high-quality throughout the entire imaging chain. The major accrediting bodies include The Joint Commission, the American College of Radiology, and the Inter-societal Accreditation Commission in the United States and the European Society of Cardiology in Europe. These organizations have developed a set of criteria necessary for a facility to be accredited. These include: the standards, staff training, clinical protocols, results communication, and quality improvement programs. The process is one of developing a gap analysis for the laboratory relative to the standards and addressing those gaps. This process should be one of continuous quality improvement ensuring that the facility is in a constant state of readiness with regard to the most recent standards.
The Invisible Thread: The Influence of Liberal Faculty on Student Political Views at Evangelical Colleges

AbstractThis analysis examines the influences of family background and faculty political views on student political views at Evangelical colleges and universities. While the college-effects literature confirms that student interaction with faculty, peers, and the institution challenges pre-existing perspectives, many American Evangelical colleges are conservative and often reinforce rather than challenge mainstream Evangelical beliefs. Results from this analysis suggest that Evangelical colleges and universities with a greater percentage of liberal faculty influence students to become more liberal, even when accounting for the generally conservative upbringing of students. The net result of a more liberal “invisible thread” is a press against the right-leaning partisanship of American Evangelicalism.
An accurate and customizable text classification algorithm: Two applications in healthcare

Text classification is an important step in many data analysis procedures. The demand on text classification algorithm is booming due to the increase of the amount of digital data, especially in the healthcare field. A customizable and accurate algorithm is expected to produce positive impact on the efficiency of many data analysis procedures. In this work, we proposed a novel algorithm for accurately classifying data entries in huge text files into several pre-determined categories. We built the algorithm with multiple rules according to text similarity, frequency, and weight. For different classification tasks, the algorithm can be conveniently adjusted to process the corresponding data sets. Data sets related to healthcare cost analysis (hospital discharge summary) and medical classification systems (ICD-9) are used to evaluate the algorithm. When the algorithm is used on the ICD-9 data, the overall accuracy of the algorithm was 100%. After the algorithm was used on 7480 healthcare cost entries, the results were then compared with the ones processed manually by a physician, and the accuracy was between 86%–91.6%, and the difference is from different classification of ambiguous entries, which is hard to determine the correct category even when it is done manually because those entries were documented improperly. This new classification algorithm is 3 to 5 times faster than the manual process on the same data set. Therefore, this customizable and accurate text classification algorithm is effective in saving time compared to the manual classification methods.
Intended or Unintended Consequences of Business Acquisitions: The Case of Financial Services Institutions

ASC 805 gives the management of an acquiring firm flexibility in valuation and the possibility of recognizing day one bargain purchase gains (BPG). BPG acquisitions occurred frequently in the financial services industry during the crisis of 2008 and some of these acquisitions were assisted by the FDIC which provided partially indemnification against future losses. The combination of these two events set up a unique situation to study fair value accounting. By using the data from all bank transactions, we are able to highlight the fundamental tension between relevance and reliability in fair value accounting. Our results show that in FDIC assisted transactions, fair values reflected the underlying economic transactions more accurately whereas non-FDIC assisted BPG transactions suggest that management was able to use inflated fair values to present an overoptimistic picture of the acquisition.
A PPARγ agonist reduces proinflammatory cytokine immunoreactivity and infarct size following transient focal ischemia in rats

P82 Inflammation plays a critical role in the generation of ischemic injury. Ischemic insult results in the activation of microglia and secretion of proinflammatory products including the cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Both of these cytokines exacerbate ischemic injury. Microglial proinflammatory gene expression is regulated by the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR). PPARγ is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family and upon binding of agonist acts to inhibit proinflammatory gene expression. We hypothesized that PPARγ agonists reduce the inflammatory reaction seen following stroke and limit infarction size. We utilized a reversible model of middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce two hours of ischemia in rats to test our hypothesis. Blood pressure, blood gases and temperature were monitored and maintained within normal ranges throughout the procedure. Vehicle (DMSO) or troglitazone, a PPARγ agonist previously approved by the FDA, was administered to rats twenty-four hours before and again at the time of occlusion in doses of 35, 70 or 100 mg/kg in DMSO. Twenty-four hours after occlusion animals were euthanized. Infarct volume was calculated from fixed frozen sections and additional sections were processed for immunocytochemistry. Results show over sixty percent reduction in infarct volume in rats treated with 35 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg troglitazone. These data were statistically significant (n≥5;p
Europe’s united future after Brexit: Brexit has not killed the European Union, rather it has eliminated the largest obstacle to EU consolidation

Predictions that Brexit will precipitate the disintegration of the European Union (EU) have greatly overstated the prospect of such an event. Britain's centuries-long conflicted relationship with E...