cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental Reaction Norms: the interactions among allometry, ontogeny and plasticity

Abstract How micro- and macroevolutionary evolutionary processes produce phenotypic change is without question one of the most intriguing and perplexing issues facing evolutionary biologists. We believe that roadblocks to progress lie A) in the underestimation of the role of the environment, and in particular, that of the interaction of genotypes with environmental factors, and B) in the continuing lack of incorporation of development into the evolutionary synthesis. We propose the integration of genetic, environmental and developmental perspectives on the evolution of the phenotype in the form of the concept of the developmental reaction norm (DRN) The DRN represents the set of multivariate ontogenies that can be produced by a single genotype when it is exposed to environmental variation. It encompasses: 1) the processes that alter the phenotype throughout the ontogenetic trajectory, 2) the recognition that different aspects of the phenotype are (and must be) correlated and 3) the ability of a genotype to produce phenotypes in different environments. This perspective necessitates the explicit study of character expression during development, the evaluation of associations between pairs or groups of characters (e.g., multivariate allometries), and the exploration of reaction norms and phenotypic plasticity. We explicitly extend the concept of the DRN to encompass adjustments made in response to changes in the internal environment as well. Thus, ‘typical’ developmental sequences (e.g., cell fate determination) and plastic responses are simply manifestations of different scales of ‘environmental’ effects along a continuum. We present: (1) a brief conceptual review of three fundamental aspects of the generation and evolution of phenotypes: the changes in the trajectories describing growth and differentiation (ontogeny), the multivariate relationships among characters (allometry), and the effect of the environment (plasticity); (2) a discussion of how these components are merged in the concept of the developmental reaction norm; and (3) a reaction norm perspective of major determinants of phenotypes: epigenesis, selection and constraint.
Disability Performance in the Streets: Art Actions in Post-Quake Christchurch

After a pilgrims’ walk in Christchurch, New Zealand/Aotearoa, on the anniversary of the deadly quakes, A Different Light Theatre Company, comprised of people deemed to have cognitive difference, creates their own small public intervention: a Christchurch masquerade.
Strongly equivalent invariant measures

Two measures are strongly equivalent if they have the same sets of zero measure and the same sets of infinite measure. Given a group G of strongly non-singular measurable transformations of a non-atomic positive measure space (X, β, p), if G is amenable, then a necessary and sufficient condition for there to be a G-invariant positive measure on (X, β) which is strongly equivalent to p is that p(E) > 0 implies inf p(gE) > 0 and also p(E) < ∞ implies
Broadly neutralizing antibodies abrogate established hepatitis C virus infection

In most exposed individuals, hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes a chronic infection; this long-term infection in turn contributes to the development of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The role of antibodies directed against HCV in disease progression is poorly understood. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) can prevent HCV infection in vitro and in animal models. However, the effects of nAbs on an established HCV infection are unclear. We demonstrate that three broadly nAbs—AR3A, AR3B, and AR4A—delivered with adeno-associated viral vectors can confer protection against viral challenge in humanized mice. Furthermore, we provide evidence that nAbs can abrogate an ongoing HCV infection in primary hepatocyte cultures and in a human liver chimeric mouse model. These results showcase a therapeutic approach to interfere with HCV infection by exploiting a previously unappreciated need for HCV to continuously infect new hepatocytes to sustain a chronic infection.
On continuous partial singular value decomposition algorithms

Low-rank matrix approximation arises in various applications. It is an effective tool in alleviating the memory and computational burdens in many algorithmic development and implementation. In this paper, two methods for computing low rank approximation are proposed and derived by utilizing optimization techniques of unconstrained merit functions. The proposed techniques led to computing low-rank matrix approximation by solving nonlinear matrix differential equations. Numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical results.
Integrating reservoir engineering and satellite remote sensing for (true) continuous time-lapse reservoir monitoring

The poem “The Blind Men and the Elephant” is based on an ancient Indian fable in which each man described rather differently what he sensed about an elephant. A similar situation can, and sometimes does, occur in reservoir description. Evidence shows that a reasonably thorough understanding of a reservoir is not very likely without viewing it from many angles and perspectives. This paper will show how two different perspectives of a reservoir—reservoir engineering and satellite remote sensing—can improve reservoir description and even allow (true) continuous time-lapse reservoir monitoring. The idea is simple. If subsidence occurs over an oil field, satellite remote sensing can detect the subsidence, and reservoir engineering can model the subsidence. By integrating reservoir engineering and satellite remote sensing, we can continuously monitor the hydrocarbon production. We use two examples, one from East Mesa Geothermal Field and one from Lost Hills Oil Field, to illustrate the idea. The principle of satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is fairly straightforward. A microwave sensor, which can be on a spacecraft, passes a spot on the ground and takes a “shot” of it. After a certain period, the same sensor passes over the same spot and takes a second “shot” (Figure 1). By comparing the two shots with a reference elevation map, a detailed surface deformation map can be obtained for the period between the passes. Figure 1. Principles of SAR for measuring deformation (from http://www-star.stanford.edu/sar_group/). The image shows two passes of the same microwave sensor over the same location on earth. The difference between the two passes is determined by both earth topography and surface deformation. When data from a reference elevation map or a third pass is used for comparison, the topography effect can be eliminated. What remains is solely surface deformation. SAR can measure surface deformation at very high resolution (a …
Self-grooming as a sexually dimorphic communicative behaviour in meadow voles,Microtus pennsylvanicus

Self-grooming may provide a means for broadcasting scent to conspecifics. Four experiments investigated this hypothesis in meadow voles. In the first experiment, male voles but not female voles groomed more in response to scent from an opposite-sex conspecific than a same-sex conspecific. In the second experiment, male voles groomed more in response to ovariectomized females receiving replacement oestradiol than to ovariectomized females receiving no oestradiol replacement. Self-grooming by female voles did not vary with the reproductive state of male scent donors. In the third experiment, males showed no difference in grooming in response to odours of a short-photoperiod male versus a short-photoperiod female, again indicating that the grooming response of males depends on the reproductive state of scent donors. These three experiments all suggested a communicative function for scent-elicited grooming. In the final experiment, the responses of females to males that had engaged in self-grooming was examined. Females spent more time investigating scent collected from the anogenital area of a male that had recently self-groomed at a high rate than they did from a male that had groomed at a low rate. Thus self-grooming by males increases the attractiveness of at least one of their scents to females.
Using Constant Time Delay Procedures to Teach Multiplication Facts

Constant time delay procedures were used to teach multiplication facts to an elementary-age student with both mild learning handicaps and behavioral disorders. Fifteen facts were learned in approximately I hour of instruction. The student maintained correct levels of responding and generalized the responses across persons, settings, and skills up to 8 weeks after training was completed. The procedure was easy to implement, required little teacher preparation time, and resulted in a low percentage of student errors (2.8%). These findings extend the uses of constant time delay procedures in the research literature to a new student population (behaviorally disordered) and to a different content area (mathematics).
Branch bank network structure with electronic transactions considerations

The paper applies an economic model of a competitive market for retail banking services to generate insights into the following relevant questions. Is the cost structure of electronic distribution systems sufficient to justify choosing the kiosk/PC banking distribution strategy? That is, is it reasonable that market pressures and technological advances will allow banks to virtually eliminate branches? How does competition from other banks and non-bank firms affect the choice of distribution strategy? We find that in a wide variety of experiments that banks will retain their branch networks, along with a PC banking capability.
A speedup technique for (l, d)-motif finding algorithms

The discovery of patterns in DNA, RNA, and protein sequences has led to the solution of many vital biological problems. For instance, the identification of patterns in nucleic acid sequences has resulted in the determination of open reading frames, identification of promoter elements of genes, identification of intron/exon splicing sites, identification of SH RNAs, location of RNA degradation signals, identification of alternative splicing sites, etc. In protein sequences, patterns have proven to be extremely helpful in domain identification, location of protease cleavage sites, identification of signal peptides, protein interactions, determination of protein degradation elements, identification of protein trafficking elements, etc. Motifs are important patterns that are helpful in finding transcriptional regulatory elements, transcription factor binding sites, functional genomics, drug design, etc. As a result, numerous papers have been written to solve the motif search problem. Three versions of the motif search problem have been proposed in the literature: Simple Motif Search (SMS), (l, d)-motif search (or Planted Motif Search (PMS)), and Edit-distance-based Motif Search (EMS). In this paper we focus on PMS. Two kinds of algorithms can be found in the literature for solving the PMS problem: exact and approximate. An exact algorithm identifies the motifs always and an approximate algorithm may fail to identify some or all of the motifs. The exact version of PMS problem has been shown to be NP-hard. Exact algorithms proposed in the literature for PMS take time that is exponential in some of the underlying parameters. In this paper we propose a generic technique that can be used to speedup PMS algorithms. We present a speedup technique that can be used on any PMS algorithm. We have tested our speedup technique on a number of algorithms. These experimental results show that our speedup technique is indeed very effective. The implementation of algorithms is freely available on the web at http://www.engr.uconn.edu/rajasek/PMS4.zip
Mitochondria dysfunction in lung cancer-induced muscle wasting in C2C12 myotubes

Aims: Cancer cachexia is a syndrome which results in severe loss of muscle mass and marked fatigue. Conditioned media from cachexia-inducing cancer cells triggers metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle, including decreased mitochondrial respiration, which may contribute to fatigue. We hypothesized that Lewis lung carcinoma conditioned medium (LCM) would impair the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and increase production of reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to decreased mitochondrial respiration. We incubated C2C12 myotubes with LCM for 30 minutes, 2hrs, 4hrs, 24hrs or 48hrs. We measured protein content by western blot; oxidant production by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF), 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF), and MitoSox; cytochrome c oxidase activity by oxidation of cytochrome c substrate; and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of intact myotubes by Seahorse XF Analyzer. Results: LCM treatment for 2hrs or 24hrs decreased basal OCR and ATP-related OCR, but did not alter the content of mitochondrial complexes I, III, IV and V. LCM treatment caused a transient rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) was elevated at 2hrs. 4-Hydroxynonenal, a marker of oxidative stress, was elevated in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of cell lysates after LCM treatment. Conclusion: These data show that lung cancer-conditioned media alters electron flow in the ETC and increases mitochondrial ROS production, both of which may ultimately impair aerobic metabolism and decrease muscle endurance.
A probabilistic twin nucleation model for HCP polycrystalline metals

This article presents a basic probabilistic theory for the nucleation of deformation twins in hexagonal close packed (HCP) metals. Twin nucleation is assumed to rely on the dissociation of grain bo...
Induction of Human Thyroid Cell ICAM-1 (CD54) Antigen Expression and ICAM-1-Mediated Lymphocyte Binding

To further understand the mechanism of lymphocyte accumulation within the thyroid gland in autoimmune thyroid disease we have examined the expression, regulation, and functional significance of the intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 (ICAM-1, CD54) in human thyroid monolayer cells and immortalized thyroid cell clones. Human thyroid monolayer cells derived from both normal and abnormal human thyroid tissue showed low basal expression of the ICAM-1 antigen by flow cytometric assessment (mean% ± SD positive cells = 13.7 ± 6.1) compatible with the presence of ICAM-1 positive nonthyroid cells within the monolayer cultures. However, thyroid cell ICAM-1 antigen expression was further induced by exposure to recombinant human interferon-γ (IF-γ). At 100 U/ml, IF-γ induced ICAM-1 expression in 56.0 ± 19.0% of thyroid monolayer cells. Even greater expression of ICAM-1 antigen was induced by IF-γ in human fetal thyroid cell monolayers of high purity (up to 80% of ICAM-1 positivity) thyroid monolayers established from ...
Adverse Effects Following the Inadvertent Administration of Opioids to Infants and Children

Regardless of the clinical scenario in which they are administered, opioids can have adverse effects in infants and children. These adverse effects may be particularly problematic when opioids are inadvertently administered since the clinical signs and symptoms may not be readily attributed to opioids without an appropriate history. The authors present 3 clinical scenarios in which adverse effects occurred related to the inadvertent administration of opioids when: (1) acetaminophen with codeine were administered instead of acetaminophen, (2) a mother was breastfeeding while taking opioids, and (3) a fentanyl patch was placed on a superficial injury. A thorough history and physical examination combined with urine/plasma drug screening resulted in the identification of the problem and its effective therapy.
Commentary: Interest in Internet Interventions—an Infant Sleep Program as Illustration

The majority of American families have access to the Internet and report using it as a source for healthcare and medical information (Fox, 2005b; Fox & Fallows, 2003; Khoo, Bolt, Babel, Jury, & Goldman, 2008; Whyte & Hunter, 2008). And, as this special issue in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology demonstrates, the Internet is now being used to deliver behaviorally based treatments. Although there are a number of studies examining the feasibility and efficacy of pediatric Internet interventions, there is little information on how generally interested parents are in receiving behavioral treatments online, and whether providers would recommend them as a resource for their patients. Even though there is growing evidence supporting the efficacy of these programs, without substantive interest, parents will not likely utilize these programs and providers will not be interested in recommending them to patients outside of clinical trials. To examine these issues, our research team investigated parent and provider interest in an online program addressing one of the most common behavioral concerns for parents–infant sleep problems (Blum & Carey, 1996). As many as 20–30% of infants wake throughout the night or have difficulty falling asleep at bedtime (Lozoff, Wolf, & Davis, 1985; Richman, 1981). These sleep problems can persist into later years (Pollock, 1994; Zuckerman, Stevenson, & Bailey, 1987), potentially resulting in negative effects for both the child (e.g., increased health problems, cognitive difficulties) and the parent (e.g., maternal depression, marital discord). Although behavioral interventions are effective in the treatment of pediatric sleep problems (Mindell, Kuhn, Lewin, Meltzer, & Sadeh, 2006; Morgenthaler et al., 2006), disseminating this information to parents can be difficult because of barriers associated with traditional face-to-face interventions, such as time for scheduled appointments and expense of treatment. To examine parent and provider interest in online dissemination of a behavioral sleep intervention, we surveyed expectant parents, parents of young children, and providers of either expectant parents or infants.
The social construction of reading strategies: new directions for research

In recent decades reading research has moved from predominantly quantitative work to more qualitative studies in which individual readers are observed in interaction with texts. Considerable differences have been found in the strategies employed by these readers, especially by those of different social and cultural backgrounds. These diverse strategies can be partly attributed to the different processes by which people learn to read and through the different ways in which they see written texts used in their own social environments; the contrasting situations and strategies of Japanese and Nigerian readers are used to illustrate the point. If teachers are to deal effectively with readers of various cultural backgrounds—as they must do in ESL and EFL classes—they need to know more about such contrasts; more work is therefore needed on the relationship between the literacy practices of cultural communities and the reading strategies of particular individuals.
American College of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Standards for Acquisition, Measurement and Reporting of Intravascular Ultrasound Studies (IVUS). A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents Developed in Collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology Endorsed by the Society of Cardiac Angiography and Interventions

Preamble: The present document is an Expert Consensus Document that includes evidence about the standards for the acquisition, measurement, and reporting of intravascular ultrasound studies (IVUS). This document is intended to inform practitioners, payers, and other interested parties of the opinion of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) concerning evolving areas of clinical practice and/or technologies that are widely available or new to the practice community. Topics chosen for coverage by Expert Consensus Documents are so designed because the evidence base and experience with technology or clinical practice are not considered sufficiently well developed to be evaluated by the formal ACC/American Heart Association (AHA) Practice Guidelines process. Often, the topic is the subject of considerable ongoing investigation. Thus, the reader should view the Expert Consensus Document as the best attempt of the ACC to inform and guide clinical practice in those areas where rigorous evidence may not yet be available or the evidence to date is not widely accepted. When feasible, Expert Consensus Documents include indications or contraindications. Some topics covered by Expert Consensus Documents will be addressed subsequently by the ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines Committee. The Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that might arise as a result of an outside relationship or personal interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing panel are asked to provide disclosure statements to inform the writing effort of all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.
Ultrasound‐guided transfundal uterine sperm recovery from Macaca fascicularis

Previous studies from this center have indicated that the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) may serve as a model for human sperm interaction with the cervix and uterus. In some macaque species, transcervical aspiration of the uterine contents carries a significant risk of disturbing the cervical milieu due to the serpentine nature of the cervix. The only alternatives have been surgical procedures such as laparotomy or laparoscopy. In this paper, we report our experience with a new technique for ultrasound-guided sampling of spermatozoa in the macaque uterus. Twenty adult female cynomolgus macaques were monitored for menses (first day of menses = day 1), and one mating per cycle was allowed on day 10, 11, or 12. In one group of ten animals, cervical mucus was sampled at 3 or 18 hr postcoitus (pc) and ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration was performed at 24 hours pc. In a second group of ten monkeys, uterine aspiration was at six hr pc and sperm numbers and motility were counted in the uterine fluid. Uterine fluid was obtained from fourteen of twenty monkeys. Pregnancy occurred in ten of the twenty experimental cycles. Ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration appears to be a reliable method for the evaluation of sperm transport in female macaques. The correlations between uterine sperm recovery and cervical mucus sperm populations are discussed. The high conception rate in treatment cycles indicates that this procedure can be performed without apparent risk to pregnancy.
Working toward an ethical anthropology. Where do we go from here

: This article posits an ethical anthropology for the 21st century that addresses and informs our understanding of international conflict situations and their solutions while providing methodologies for anthropologists of color to position their issues of concern at the center of social science discourse.
A Redox-Responsive Regulator of Photosynthesis Gene Expression in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

ABSTRACT We have identified genes in the unicellular cyanobacteriumSynechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 that are involved with redox control of photosynthesis and pigment-related genes. The genes,rppA (sll0797) and rppB (sll0798), represent a two-component regulatory system that controls the synthesis of photosystem II (PSII) and PSI genes, in addition to photopigment-related genes. rppA (regulator of photosynthesis- and photopigment-related gene expression) andrppB exhibit strong sequence similarity to prokaryotic response regulators and histidine kinases, respectively. In the wild type, the steady-state mRNA levels of PSII reaction center genes increased when the plastoquinone (PQ) pool was oxidized and decreased when the PQ pool was reduced, whereas transcription of the PSI reaction center genes was affected in an opposite fashion. Such results suggested that the redox poise of the PQ pool is critical for regulation of the photosystem reaction center genes. In ΔrppA, an insertion mutation of rppA, the PSII gene transcripts were highly up-regulated relative to the wild type under all redox conditions, whereas transcription of phycobilisome-related genes and PSI genes was decreased. The higher transcription of the psbA gene in ΔrppA was manifest by higher translation of the D1 protein and a concomitant increase in O2 evolution. The results demonstrated that RppA is a regulator of photosynthesis- and photopigment-related gene expression, is involved in the establishment of the appropriate stoichiometry between the photosystems, and can sense changes in the PQ redox poise.
Discovering Mercury Protein Modifications in Whole Proteomes Using Natural Isotope Distributions Observed in Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The identification of peptides that result from post-translational modifications is critical for understanding normal pathways of cellular regulation as well as identifying damage from, or exposures to xenobiotics, i.e. the exposome. However, because of their low abundance in proteomes, effective detection of modified peptides by mass spectrometry (MS) typically requires enrichment to eliminate false identifications. We present a new method for confidently identifying peptides with mercury (Hg)-containing adducts that is based on the influence of mercury's seven stable isotopes on peptide isotope distributions detected by high-resolution MS. Using a pure protein and E. coli cultures exposed to phenyl mercuric acetate, we show the pattern of peak heights in isotope distributions from primary MS single scans efficiently identified Hg adducts in data from chromatographic separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry with sensitivity and specificity greater than 90%. Isotope distributions are independent of peptide identifications based on peptide fragmentation (e.g. by SEQUEST), so both methods can be combined to eliminate false positives. Summing peptide isotope distributions across multiple scans improved specificity to 99.4% and sensitivity above 95%, affording identification of an unexpected Hg modification. We also illustrate the theoretical applicability of the method for detection of several less common elements including the essential element, selenium, as selenocysteine in peptides.
Buckling of Elastic-Plastic Tubular Columns

The stability of elastic-plastic tubular cantilever columns is analyzed by means of a numerical integration technique. The solutions are approximated by semiempirical equations which are used to calculate the buckling strength of simply supported columns with arbitrary end eccentricities. Numerical examples are given and column curves drawn for a wide range of parameters. The results of the proposed method are discussed in the light of the interaction equations governing steel members subjected to axial force and bending given in the AISC specification.
STING: Infection, inflammation and cancer

The rapid detection of microbial agents is essential for the effective initiation of host defence mechanisms against infection. Understanding how cells detect cytosolic DNA to trigger innate immune gene transcription has important implications - not only for comprehending the immune response to pathogens but also for elucidating the causes of autoinflammatory disease involving the sensing of self-DNA and the generation of effective antitumour adaptive immunity. The discovery of the STING (stimulator of interferon genes)-controlled innate immune pathway, which mediates cytosolic DNA-induced signalling events, has recently provided important insights into these processes, opening the way for the development of novel immunization regimes, as well as therapies to treat autoinflammatory disease and cancer.
Linguistic Resources for Handwriting Recognition and Translation Evaluation

We describe efforts to create corpora to support development and evaluation of handwriting recognition and translation technology. LDC has developed a stable pipeline and infrastructures for collecting and annotating handwriting linguistic resources to support the evaluation of MADCAT and OpenHaRT. We collect and annotate handwritten samples of pre-processed Arabic and Chinese data that has been already translated in English that is used in the GALE program. To date, LDC has recruited more than 600 scribes and collected, annotated and released more than 225,000 handwriting images. Most linguistic resources created for these programs will be made available to the larger research community by publishing in LDC's catalog. The phase 1 MADCAT corpus is now available.
Rat hepatocytes and Kupffer cells interact to produce interleukin-8 (CINC) in the setting of ethanol

Interleukin-8 is a neutrophil chemoattractant that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis. The mechanism of ethanol-induced interleukin-8 production in liver is uncertain, although hepatocytes and Kupffer cells have both been proposed as sources of the chemokine. In this study we investigated whether short-term ethanol exposure stimulates production of rat interleukin-8 [cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)] by normal rat hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in primary culture. Initial experiments verified that hepatocytes and Kupffer cells produce CINC in response to cytokines or lipopolysaccharide. Ethanol, by contrast, failed to stimulate CINC secretion by either cell type even at concentrations as high as 100 mM. Although ethanol had no direct effect on liver cell CINC production, conditioned medium from ethanol-treated hepatocytes induced a threefold rise in CINC production by Kupffer cells. The increase was abrogated when hepatocytes were treated with ethanol and the metabolic inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole. The results suggest that the mechanism of ethanol-induced CINC production is indirect, involving ethanol oxidation and communication between hepatocytes and Kupffer cells.
Treatment with an uPAR (ATN 658) antibody inhibits ovarian cancer metastasis.

C31 High levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) are detected in ovarian tumors, ascites, and serum of ovarian cancer patients. uPA and uPAR are involved in cell migration and invasion in a number of carcinomas. uPAR expression was detected immunohistochemically in ovarian cancer tumors. 70.6% of all ovarian cancer tumors expressed high levels of uPAR (115/163 cases). We investigated the hypotheses that treatment with an antibody specific for human uPAR mediates in vitro ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion, and in vivo tumor production in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer. The uPAR antibody binds soluble and cell surface bound uPAR, and is specific for human uPAR. To test our hypothesis we used three different ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3ip.1, HeyA8 and CaOV3, which have low, moderate and high levels of uPAR, respectively. In vitro the anti-uPAR antibody does not affect adhesion to a Three-dimensional (3D) culture of human omentum and proliferation on plastic. However, treatment with the anti-uPAR antibody significantly decreases migration through collagen I (31, 32, 21% p
Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)

Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
Social Skills Deficits as a Mediator Between PTSD Symptoms and Intimate Partner Aggression in Returning Veterans.

This study examined social skills deficits as a mediator of the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and use of intimate partner aggression (IPA) among returning veterans. Prior research with veterans has focused on PTSD-related deficits at the decoding stage of McFall's (1982) social information processing model, and the current study adds to this literature by examining social skills deficits at the decision stage. Participants were 92 male veterans recruited from the greater Boston area. PTSD symptoms were assessed through clinician interview, IPA use was assessed through self- and partner report, and social skills deficits were assessed in a laboratory task in which veterans listened to a series of problematic marital situations and responded with what they would say or do in the situation. Responses were coded for social competency. Bivariate correlations revealed several significant associations among PTSD symptoms, social skills deficits, and use of IPA. When all PTSD symptom clusters were entered into a regression predicting social skills deficits, only emotional numbing emerged as a unique predictor. Finally, social skills deficits significantly mediated the relationship between veterans' PTSD symptoms and use of psychological (but not physical) IPA. Findings extend prior research on McFall's (1982) social information processing model as it relates to veterans' PTSD symptoms and use of IPA. More research is needed to understand the associations between PTSD symptoms and deficits at each individual step of this model. (PsycINFO Database Record
Corporate Governance, Accounting, and Auditing Scandals

The corporate governance sagas in the US, the UK, Italy, and Japan have fuelled the essential belief our generation shares about corporations. Though a corporation is a social construct, we came to look and consider it as a person and expect it to comply with the societal tie or bondage without with no society or group can survive. The chapter will cover the best-known corporate scandals in the US, the EU, Asia-Pacific and South Africa. Most frauds could have been prevented if preventive actions were taken to curve the well-know triangle of fraud.
Oxidative Stability and Shelf Life of Low-Moisture Foods

Abstract This chapter will primarily deal with the oxidative stability and shelf life of low-moisture or dry foods. The microstructures and lipid distributions of five principal low-moisture foods—milk powders, egg powders, microencapsulated oil powders, extruded breakfast cereals, and snack foods—as well as dry pet foods, are addressed. The primary focus is on critical factors impacting oxidative stability and shelf life, important analytical methods to assess the oxidative stability and shelf life of low-moisture foods, and various strategies on how to increase the oxidative stability and extend shelf life of low-moisture foods.
Role of farnesoid X receptor in establishment of ontogeny of phase-I drug metabolizing enzyme genes in mouse liver

The expression of phase-I drug metabolizing enzymes in liver changes dramatically during postnatal liver maturation. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is critical for bile acid and lipid homeostasis in liver. However, the role of FXR in regulating ontogeny of phase-I drug metabolizing genes is not clear. Hence, we applied RNA-sequencing to quantify the developmental expression of phase-I genes in both Fxr-null and control (C57BL/6) mouse livers during development. Liver samples of male C57BL/6 and Fxr-null mice at 6 different ages from prenatal to adult were used. The Fxr-null showed an overall effect to diminish the “day-1 surge” of phase-I gene expression, including cytochrome P450s at neonatal ages. Among the 185 phase-I genes from 12 different families, 136 were expressed, and differential expression during development occurred in genes from all 12 phase-I families, including hydrolysis: carboxylesterase (Ces), paraoxonase (Pon), and epoxide hydrolase (Ephx); reduction: aldoketo reductase (Akr), quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (Dpyd); and oxidation: alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh), flavin monooxygenases (Fmo), molybdenum hydroxylase (Aox and Xdh), cytochrome P450 (P450), and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por). The data also suggested new phase-I genes potentially targeted by FXR. These results revealed an important role of FXR in regulation of ontogeny of phase-I genes.
Updates on breast cancer genetics: Clinical implications of detecting syndromes of inherited increased susceptibility to breast cancer

Since the initial discovery that pathogenic germline alterations in BRCA 1/2 increase susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, many additional genes have now been discovered that also increase breast cancer risk. Given that several more genes have now been implicated in hereditary breast cancer syndromes, there is increased clinical use of multigene panel testing to evaluate patients with a suspected genetic predisposition to breast cancer. While this is most certainly a cost-effective approach, broader testing strategies have resulted in a higher likelihood of identifying moderate-penetrance genes, for which management guidelines regarding breast cancer risk reduction have not been firmly established. In addition, the testing of more genes has led to increased detection of variants of uncertain significance. We review the current knowledge regarding both high- and moderate-risk hereditary breast cancer syndromes, as well as additional genes implicated in hereditary breast cancer for which there is limited data. Furthermore, strategies for cancer risk reduction in mutation carriers as well as therapeutic implications for those patients who harbor pathogenic germline alterations are discussed.
Lighting power supply line characteristics and performance of an FSK discrimination detector

Based on experiment and measurement in a typical situation, the statistical analysis on transmission characteristics of a lighting power supply line is performed in this paper. The paper also discusses the design and performance of an FSK discrimination detector in some detail. The modems based on the detector have been successfully used for computer networking by using the lighting power supply line. >
Three-dimensional displacements of a large volcano flank movement during the May 2010 eruptions at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala

Although massive flank failure is fairly common in the evolution of volcanoes, measurements of flank movement indicative of instability are rare. Here 3-D displacements from airborne radar amplitude images derived using an amplitude image pixel offset tracking technique show that the west and southwest flanks of Pacaya Volcano in Guatemala experienced large (~4 m), discrete landsliding that was ultimately aborted. Pixel offset tracking improved measurement recovery by nearly 50% over classic interferometric synthetic aperture radar techniques, providing unique measurements at the event. The 3-D displacement field shows that the flank moved coherently downslope along a complex failure surface involving both rotational and along-slope movement. Notably, the lack of continuous movement of the slide in the years leading up to the event emphasizes that active movement should not always be expected at volcanoes for which triggering factors (e.g., magmatic intrusions and eruptions) could precipitate sudden major flank instability.
The complex intersection of education and therapy in the drama therapy classroom

Abstract Drama therapy education presents unique complexities for educators. Within the classroom, students engage with the techniques of their profession in order to learn how to utilize them with clients. However, because drama therapy is designed to work through metaphor, to subvert defenses and often to indirectly arrive at client issues, it is unavoidable that students in these classrooms will have experiences that evoke their own personal affective material. The presence of the students’ personal material can serve to deepen learning but it can also blur the line between education and therapy and detract from the intended lessons. This phenomenological study sought to answer the question: What is the lived experience of drama therapy students in these experiential learning processes that evoke and utilize their personal affective material?
Remarks on Energy

This paper contains a few remarks on results given in [2] and [4]. In [4], the authors have obtained some results on energy by using such probabilistic tools as sub-Markov resolvents, Revuz measures [5], and additive functionals. These tools are more general than Dirichlet space techniques and kernel theory customarily used when dealing with the concept of energy.
A study named desire: Local focus increases approach motivation for desserts

When we desire something, our approach motivation is high. Recent research shows affective states high in approach motivation cause attentional narrowing (localization) (e.g.; Gable and Harmon-Jones in Psychological Science 19:476–482, 2008; Juergensen and Demaree in Motivation and Emotion 39:580–588, 2015). Does the reciprocal relationship exist? That is, when our attention is narrowed, does our motivation to approach something desirable increase? To test this, we primed participants with either global or local attentional focus before viewing images of desirable items (e.g., desserts) or neutral items (e.g., furniture). Relative to participants primed with global attentional focus, participants primed with local attentional focus demonstrated greater approach motivation to desirable desserts compared to neutral items on an Approach Avoidance Task. Despite greater approach motivation for desserts, participants with localized attention did not subjectively rate desserts as more desirable than participants with global attention. These results suggest that increased approach motivation following local priming is evidenced at an implicit level only: participants appear to be unaware of appetitive images’ increased desirability.
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis causes selective recognition impairment in adult mice

AbstractObjectives: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can result in vascular dementia and small vessel white matter ischemic injury. These findings have previously been demonstrated in a murine experimental model of CCH secondary to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). This study sought to elucidate the effects of CCH on recognition memory as assessed by the novel object recognition (NOR) test and histological analysis of the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex.Methods: Studies were performed on ten-week-old male mice using bilateral 0.18 mm microcoils to narrow the carotid arteries in accordance with prior publications. Following surgery, BCAS (n = 6) and sham (n = 6) mice were evaluated using NOR and 8-arm radial maze testing paradigms. Tissue damage was assessed using H&E staining on a parallel cohort of mice (n = 6 BCAS, n = 7 sham).Results: In the NOR paradigm, BCAS mice demonstrated significant deficits in short-term memory. Consistent with prior studies, BCAS mice also performed signif...
Imaging of edge inactive layer in micro-patterned graphene monolayer

Abstract An electrically inactive layer (EIL) near the edge of micro-patterned graphene lines was investigated using both scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) and Raman spectroscopy. Monolayer graphene sheets grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were transferred from the copper foil growth substrate to different substrates, and structured into periodic lines using lithography and oxygen plasma etching. SMM images were recorded at half- and quarter- wavelength resonances showing distinguished imaging contrast of the EIL from the center of the graphene lines. The width of the EIL is determined around 0.17 μm. Correlation of the SMM imaging contrast indicates that the local electrical conductivity of the EIL is significantly reduced, which agrees with Raman spectroscopic images.
Manipulating the microbiome: evolution of a strategy to prevent S. aureus disease in children

Hospitalized infants have the highest rates of invasive Staphylococcus aureus disease of any population and infection control strategies such as decolonization have been insufficient. For decades, researchers began studying the microbiome in search of new prevention strategies. The resident microbiota was found to be closely associated with susceptibility and at times, resistance to S. aureus colonization. The evolution of nucleic acid based techniques has enhanced our understanding of the complex relationship between the nasal microbiota and S. aureus colonization. We review what is known about bacterial communities in the nasal cavity of infants and discuss how future microbiome studies may help identify novel interventions to protect high-risk infants from S. aureus disease.
Atom-Based Strong Correlation Method: An Orbital Selection Algorithm

The present study proposes a methodology that advances the selection of initial orbitals for subsequent use in correlation calculations. The initial orbital sets used herein are split-localized orbitals that span a full-valence orbital space and were developed in a previous study (J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 139, 234107) in order to reveal the bonding patterns of molecules in a specific, quantitative manner. On the basis of the quantitative chemical features of these localized orbitals, this new method systematically extracts orbital sets and assigns excitation levels that systematically recover strong correlation with smaller numbers of configurations than can be achieved with traditional as well as nontraditional correlation methods. Moreover, this method not only provides organized initial orbitals for correlation calculations but also results in compact configuration interaction expansions via the use of the split-localized orbitals.
The research of distributed shared memory technology in power system

Data processing in power system is becoming to a performance limitation with the rapid development of power grid. This paper proposes a method to improve the data processing efficiency in power system by distributed memory sharing technology. By this method, the data is partitioned into fragments according to the value which is generated through a specific hash algorithm with the input of the key of the record, and the record will be stored into different machine's memory according to the hash value, by experiments compared to the original solution, distributed shared memory technology has obvious advantages on the performance of data processing.
Fabrication of bioinspired superliquiphobic synthetic leather with self-cleaning and low adhesion

Abstract The leather is a flexible, yet strong material, which is used in many applications. These include footwear, furniture, automotive industry, clothing, gloves, sports gear, and bags. In order to reduce cost and to tailor flexibility, the demand for synthetic leather has grown. Synthetic leather consists of about 55% polymer, about 40% plasticizer, about 1% stabilizer, and the balance filler. For many applications, the leather should have liquid repellency and self-cleaning, and maintain these properties at high temperature. In this study for the first time, synthetic leather has been reported to achieve superliquiphobicity and self-cleaning by using multi-layered nanocomposite coating structure. The coated surface exhibited high mechanical durability and maintained these properties up to 70 °C.