cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Muramidase, α‐1 antitrypsin, α‐1 antichymotrypsin, and S‐100 protein immunoreactivity in giant cell lesions

A spectrum of giant cell lesions was evaluated for muramidase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and S-100 protein immunoreactivity using an avidin-biotin-complex immunoperoxidase method. Peripheral giant cell granuloma, central giant cell granuloma, giant cell tumor, osteitis fibrosa cystica, cherubism, and giant cell tumor of tendon sheath showed similar patterns of reactivity. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions stained more intensely for muramidase than did noninflammatory lesions. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was a slightly better marker of giant cell lesions than was alpha-1-antitrypsin. Positive S-100 protein staining in half the lesions was thought to be due to the presence of Langerhans cells. The results supported the belief that giant cell lesions of bone and tendon sheath are differentiated toward cells of the mononuclear-phagocyte system and that multinucleated giant cells are derived from macrophages.
Spin-correlation coefficients and phase-shift analysis for p+3He elastic scattering

Angular distributions for the target spin-dependent observables ${A}_{0y}$, ${A}_{\mathit{xx}}$, and ${A}_{\mathit{yy}}$ have been measured using polarized proton beams at several energies between 2 and 6 MeV and a spin-exchange optical pumping polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ target. These measurements have been included in a global phase-shift analysis following that of E. A. George and L. D. Knutson [Phys. Rev. C 67, 027001 (2003)], who reported two best-fit phase-shift solutions to the previous global $p+^{3}\mathrm{He}$ elastic-scattering database below 12 MeV. These new measurements, along with measurements of cross-section and beam-analyzing power made over a similar energy range by B. M. Fisher et al. [Phys. Rev. C 74, 034001 (2006)], allowed a single, unique solution to be obtained. The new measurements and phase shifts are compared with theoretical calculations using realistic nucleon-nucleon potential models.
Modulation of motor activity by cutaneous input: inhibition of the magnetic motor evoked potential by digital electrical stimulation

We examined the inhibitory effect of a brief train of digital (D2) electrical stimuli at 4 times perception threshold on transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles ipsilateral to the side of D2 stimulation. We compared this to the inhibitory effect of ipsilateral D2 stimulation on averaged rectified EMG recorded at 10% maximum voluntary contraction and on F-responses and H-reflexes recorded from these same muscles. We also compared MEPs recorded following D2 stimulation just above perception threshold to MEPs following higher intensity D2 stimulation. As well, we assessed the effect of preceding D2 stimulation on MEPs recorded from a relaxed versus tonically contracted hand muscle. D2 stimulation elicited a triphasic response of modest MEP facilitation followed by inhibition and further facilitation. The duration and onset of MEP inhibition correlated with those of the initial period of rectified EMG inhibition, however, the magnitude of MEP inhibition was generally less than the magnitude of EMG inhibition, consistent with a greater inhibitory effect of digital afferents on smaller motor neurons. MEPs were not facilitated during the rebound of EMG activity (the E2 period) that usually followed the initial period of EMG inhibition (I1 period). The behavior of H-reflexes and F-responses following ipsilateral D2 stimulation suggested that inhibition of both EMG and MEPs is not mediated via presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents, and that inhibition is augmented by descending rather than segmental input to spinal motor neurons. Tonic contraction of the target muscle during D2 stimulation decreased the inhibitory effect of the preceding digital stimulus possibly due to recruitment of larger spinal motor neurons less likely to be inhibited by cutaneous input.
High Carrier Densities Achieved at Low Voltages in Ambipolar PbSe Nanocrystal Thin-Film Transistors

Efficient transport of both electrons and holes with high carrier densities is a requirement for obtaining light-emitting transistors from films of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals. Such devices offer an approach to efficient electrically pumped nanocrystal lasers with tunable emission. Here, we report a low-voltage ambipolar thin-film transistor that features high carrier mobility and high induced carrier density by combining a PbSe nanocrystal film with a high-capacitance ion-gel gate dielectric layer (∼22 and ∼9 μF/cm2 for electron and hole accumulation, respectively). At operation voltages below 2.5 V, electron and hole densities higher than ∼1014 carriers/cm2 could be achieved in the PbSe nanocrystal film, which corresponds to ∼3 electrons or holes per particle. Carrier mobilities were also dependent on charge density and were as high as 0.4 and 0.02 cm2/(V s) for electrons and holes, respectively.
The hospital library as a "magnet force" for a research and evidence-based nursing culture: A case study of two magnet hospitals in one health system.

Abstract When Baptist Hospital of Miami, then South Miami Hospital, became Magnet award-winning hospitals, their libraries' challenges increased. Could their librarians ease the transition of research and evidence-based practice into the “real world” of nursing? Did library services have a role in the ongoing Magnet re-credentialing process? This case study defines hospital library magnet force strategies that worked in the quest for this prestigious award for nursing excellence at two hospitals at Baptist Health South Florida.
LENGTH OF GESTATION IN MICE UNDER A 21-HOUR DAY

Both pre-and postmaturity are hazardous to the offspring, therefore factors influencing the timing of parturition are important. Among the determinants of gestation length in some mammals is a fetal contribution related to both their maturation and size. Circadian rhythms are prominent in many physiologic processes, including growth. We were curious whether the length of pregnancy (normal for C57BL mice: mode 19, range: 18-21 days) was governed by the number of light-dark cycles or by an absolute length of time. C57BL mice were bred under conditions of a 21-hr, day (10½ hr. light-10½ hr. dark) and their offspring used for these experiments. They were bred first (Period A) under the 10½L-10½D 21-hr, cycle (21 pregnancies), then for a few weeks (Period B) under a 12L-12D cycle (10 pregnancies; this was their only exposure to a 24-hr. day), then again (Period C) under the 21-hr, cycle (9 pregnancies). Observed pregnancy lengths (mode and range in 24 hr. days) were A:20 (19-20); B:20 (20-21); C:21 (20-22). A trend of decreasing litter size occurred with each successive breeding period; in the last, with aging mice, breeding ceased after 9 litters. Entrainment to the 21 hr. cycle was demonstrated by measuring running activity. A gestation length of 20 “days” of 21 hours would shorten the normal length by 60 hours. Our results indicate that gestation length in mice is controlled by factors other than the number of light-dark cycles and remains approximately constant in terms of absolute time when mice are entrained to a shortened cycle.
SR/ER-mitochondrial local communication: Calcium and ROS

Abstract Mitochondria form junctions with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER), which support signal transduction and biosynthetic pathways and affect organellar distribution. Recently, these junctions have received attention because of their pivotal role in mediating calcium signal propagation to the mitochondria, which is important for both ATP production and mitochondrial cell death. Many of the SR/ER–mitochondrial calcium transporters and signaling proteins are sensitive to redox regulation and are directly exposed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the mitochondria and SR/ER. Although ROS has been emerging as a novel signaling entity, the redox signaling of the SR/ER–mitochondrial interface is yet to be elucidated. We describe here possible mechanisms of the mutual interaction between local Ca 2+ and ROS signaling in the control of SR/ER–mitochondrial function.
Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins in Glomerular Disease

The growth response of resident glomerular cells is determined by the underlying disease. Thus glomerular cells can proliferate, fail to proliferate, hypertrophy or apoptose. Cell growth is controlled by cell cycle regulatory proteins, and cell proliferation requires that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) be activated by partner cyclins. Inhibiting CDK2 reduces mesangial cell proliferation. Mesangial cell proliferation also requires that levels of specific cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKI) decrease. In contrast, the visceral glomerular epithelial cells' inability to proliferate may be due to increased levels of CKI. Moreover it is becoming increasingly clear that mesangial cell hypertrophy in diabetes requires increased CKI expression. Finally, apoptosis, which is often linked to proliferation, may also be due to the increased activity of CDK2. Thus, identifying specific cell cycle regulatory proteins following injury may provide future targets for therapy in glomerular disease.
Influence of Cultural Factors for Global Brand Management

﻿This study tested a theoretical model that includes nine factors hypothesized to exert significant influence on effective global brand management. These influencing factors include values, beliefs, attitudes, education, religion, myths, colors, taste, and rituals. A sample population of 75 (n=75) respondents were surveyed from 30 multinational companies from seven different industries: pharmaceutical, leisure, fast food, financial, technology, telecommunication, and consumer goods to measure the degree of influence of the nine factors on global brand management. Cronbach Alpha supported the reliability (.827). SPSS was used to run regression and partial correlation. The model is well-fitting the data, given the number of variables and data points. The results suggest Consideration of Culture to Effective Global Brand Management correlated positively. All three hypotheses were supported with a positive correlation value. However, third hypothesis was nullified due to different partial correlation values. Understanding the influence of cultural elements (perspectives) on global brand management should be of interest and value for managers who can, in return, focus on applying the findings for effective global brand management.
Domination through Democratic Means Nonpartisan Slating Groups in City Electoral Politics

Nonpartisan slating groups are organizations that recruit, nominate, finance, and campaign on behalf of a slate of candidates in a system of effective nonpartisanship. This article analyzes the interests of those who established and operated these slating groups. Examining the origins, success, and bases of electoral support of these groups revealed that in contemporary city politics, they long served to institutionalize further the upper and middle class, and white ethnic and racial biases of the Municipal Reform Movement of the Progressive Era. As such, slating-group domination of city electoral politics worked to the systematic disadvantage of disfavored minorities.
Structopendant unsaturated cellulose esters via acylation in homogeneous lithium chloride/N,N‐dimethylacetamide solutions

Novel acylation reactions of cellulose were accomplished with a series of unsaturated carboxylic acids or their respective anhydrides including crotonic acid (CRA), methacrylic acid (MAA), vinyl acetic acid (VAA), fumaric acid monoethyl ester (FAME), and cinnamic acid (CINA) in lithium chloride (LiCl)/dimethylacetamide (DMAc) homogeneous solutions. The acylation reactions were conducted at room temperature using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a condensation agent and 4-dialkylaminopyridine (4-[N,N-dimethylamino-] or 4-pyrrolidino-pyridine, DMAP or PP) as a catalyst. A reaction mechanism is proposed based on experimental evidence. The acylated cellulose derivatives obtained from CRA, MAA, or their anhydrides exhibit poor solubility in organic solvents. Side reactions, e.g., the Michael addition, likely occur at the high temperatures required for reaction of these acyl groups. However, acylation of cellulose with VAA, FAME, and CINA is facile with derivatives readily soluble in DMSO. The structures of these derivatized celluloses were characterized with FTIR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy and degrees of substitution were calculated.
Equilibrium microstructure of epitaxial thin films

A theoretical study is presented of the equilibrium domain microstructure expected for a thin film grown epitaxially onto a single-crystal substrate as a function of temperature, film thickness, and lattice misfit for the case when the film can undergo a structural phase transition. The theory treats the epitaxial interface at the level of the Frenkel-Kontorova model and takes into account domain-wall energies and bulk-elasticity effects in both the film and the substrate. Existing predictions for this problem by Roitburd are reproduced when the epitaxial interface is commensurate. Results are obtained for the general case when the interface is incommensurate. The corresponding domain structure generically involves multiple phases.
Toxicology and Biochemistry of Two Aliesterase Inhibitors as Synergists of Four Organophosphorus Insecticides in Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract The toxicology and biochemical mechanisms of two aliesterase inhibitors, DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) andS,S-diamyl phenylphosphonodithioate, as synergists of four organophosphorus insecticides were studied in boll weevils,Anthonomus grandisBoheman. The insecticides tested were parathion, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, and chlorpyrifos methyl. Both DEF andS,S-diamyl phenylphosphonodithioate effectively synergized the toxicities of these insecticides. The degree of synergism by DEF was chlorpyrifos > parathion > chlorpyrifos methyl > methyl parathion and that byS,S-diamyl phenylphosphonodithioate was chlorpyrifos > parathion > methyl parathion > chlorpyrifos methyl. The potency ofS,S-diamyl phenylphosphonodithioate was generally similar to that of DEF. Studies on the relationship between aliesterase inhibition, synergism, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition and recovery indicated that DEF synergized the toxicities of organophosphorus insecticides by selectively and persistently inhibiting aliesterase, thus preventing the protection of acetylcholinesterase by aliesterase. Aliesterase inhibitors appear to increase and prolong the toxic potential of the insecticides. The degree of synergism depends on both the insecticide and synergist. Insecticides with greater potency of inhibition toward aliesterase than toward acetylcholinesterase tend to be synergized by aliesterase inhibitor more effectively; the synergists which inhibit aliesterase more potently and persistently will provide higher and longer synergism to organophosphorus insecticides, and the degree of synergism is a function of the magnitude and persistency of the synergist-dependent aliesterase inhibition. Finally, to check whether mixed-function oxidase inhibition is also involved in this synergism, the synergism between these organophosphorus insecticides and a mixed-function oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, was observed. A low degree of the synergism and different synergistic pattern of piperonyl butoxide from that of the AliE inhibitors suggested that the synergism of the organophosphorus insecticides by DEF andS,S-diamyl phenylphosphonodithioate was related primarily with the inhibition of aliesterases, and little or no mixed-function oxidase inhibition was involved.
PLAST-ncRNA: Partition function Local Alignment Search Tool for non-coding RNA sequences

Alignment-based programs are valuable tools for finding potential homologs in genome sequences. Previously, it has been shown that partition function posterior probabilities attuned to local alignment achieve a high accuracy in identifying distantly similar non-coding RNA sequences that are hidden in a large genome. Here, we present an online implementation of that alignment algorithm based on such probabilities. Our server takes as input a query RNA sequence and a large genome sequence, and outputs a list of hits that are above a mean posterior probability threshold. The output is presented in a format suited to local alignment. It can also be viewed within the PLAST alignment viewer applet that provides a list of all hits found and highlights regions of high posterior probability within each local alignment. The server is freely available at http://plastrna.njit.edu.
Natural capital and the theory of economic growth

Abstract During the past half century, theorizing about economic growth has forced economists to reconsider and revise the capital concept a number of times. This paper explores the analytical relationship between capital accumulation and economic growth, on the one hand, and the natural world, on the other. Section 1 sketches modern growth theory with an emphasis on whether or not the economy is seen as facing biophysical ‘limits to growth.’ Section 2 argues that analysis of the role that ‘natural capital’ plays in the production process must occur before one can assess the prospects for economic growth. Section 3 inserts natural capital into a simple growth model and discusses the implications that (1) depletion of natural capital, (2) complementarity in production of natural and social forms of capital and (3) accumulation of technical knowledge have for the growth process.
The effect of ion size on rate of dissociation: RRKM calculations on model large polypeptide ions

The larger an ion is, the less likely it is to decompose on mass spectrornetry time scales at given critical and internal energies. This is an obstacle to obtaining structural information on large molecules by mass spectrometry. We performed RRKM calculations on model ions with masses from 0.27 kDa to 102.4 kDa to explore what such calculations predict regarding this limitation. According to the calculations, it is impractical to add enough energy to fragment very large ions unless the decomposition has a low critical energy. It is suggested that ion-molecule reactions that are either very low in their critical energies or exothermic may be a feasible approach to fragmenting ionized macromolecules.
Studies on determination of degree of coupling of Fermi resonance

Abstract Fermi resonance is a complicating factor in analyzing polyatomic vibrational spectra since it obscures the sequencing for assignments. In this Letter we propose a new method to decouple Fermi resonant wavefunctions back to ‘pure’ vibrational wavefunctions. The method utilizes the observation that among the linear combinations of Fermi resonant wavefunctions, only ‘pure’ wavefunctions can reach the extension extremes (both maxima and minima) in the configurational space. Besides tested in a model system, the method is also applied to the hydroperoxyl radical, HO 2 , system for which the accurate coupling coefficients are identified and compared with the previous reports.
Specific Interaction between Human Kinetochore Protein CENP-C and a Nucleolar Transcriptional Regulator

CENP-C is a human kinetochore protein that was originally identified as a chromosomal autoantigen in patients with scleroderma spectrum disease. To begin to establish a comprehensive protein map of the human centromere, affinity chromatography was used to identify nuclear proteins that specifically interact with CENP-C. Whereas a number of polypeptides appeared to interact with the full-length CENP-C protein, only a pair of similarly sized proteins of ~100 kDa specifically interacted with the isolated carboxyl-terminal third of the CENP-C protein. Neither protein of the doublet bound to control affinity columns. Affinity purification and microsequence analysis of the proteins in the doublet identified them as the two highly related nucleolar transcription factors, UBF1 and UBF2 (also known as the nucleolar autoantigen NOR-90). Immunoblot analysis confirmed that both proteins also interacted with the full-length CENP-C polypeptide with similar affinities. Double indirect immunofluorescence using monospecific antibodies demonstrated that a subset of CENP-C and UBF/NOR-90 is colocalized at nucleoli of interphase HeLa cells, suggesting that the in vitro interaction detected by affinity chromatography may reflect an interaction that occurs in vivo. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of the properties of interphase centromeres and the role of the nucleolus in scleroderma autoimmunity.
No Idle Past: Uses of History in the 1830 Indian Removal Debates

In April and May 1830, heated debates occurred in Congress over whether to remove the Cherokee Indians from certain sections of Georgia and resettle them further west, in what would become Oklahoma. Numerous accounts exist examining the events surrounding removal, which resulted in the notorious “Trail of Tears,” and the various motivations of the debate participants. Historians have attributed desire for removal to land hunger, humanitarian concern for the Indians’welfare, a desire to shore up national security, and blatant racism. Some see it as part of a continuing struggle against the perceived Indian enemy, and even as a component of the new rhetorical struggle between the Democrats and Whigs as they sought to define political participation during the Second Party system.1 No author yet, however, has undertaken an examination of the ways in which the debaters manipulated past events in constructing their arguments either in support of removal or against this policy. This article deals specifically with the uses to which history was put in the 1830 congressional debates on Indian removal.
Moving source localization using seismic signal processing

Abstract Accurate localization of a seismic source in a near-field scenario where the distances between sensors and the source are less than a few wavelengths of the generated signal has shown to be a challenging task. Conventional localization algorithms often prove to be ineffective, as near-field seismic signals exhibit characteristics different from the well-studied far-field signals. The current work is aimed at the employment of a seismic sensor array for the localization and tracking of a near-field wideband moving source. In this paper, the mathematical derivation of a novel DOA estimation algorithm—dubbed the Modified Kirlin Method—has been presented in details. The estimated DOAs are then combined using a least-squares optimization method for source localization. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated in a field experiment to track a moving truck. We also compare the DOA estimation and source localization results of the proposed method with those of two other existing methods originally developed for localization of a stationary wideband source; Covariance Matrix Analysis and the Surface Wave Analysis. Our results indicate that both the Surface Wave Analysis and the Modified Kirlin Methods are effective in locating and tracking a moving truck.
Seasat altimeter observations of dynamic topography in the Gulf Stream Region

A straightforward approach to altimeter data analysis in the Gulf Stream system is presented, using a detailed geoid model to remove the gravitational component. The resulting sea surface height profiles compare remarkably well with independent oceanographic observations. Specific features such as cold rings, warm rings, and no anomaly regions are analyzed and it is shown that known positions of cyclonic and anticyclonic rings correspond with depressions and elevations, respectively, with amplitudes as large as 95 cm. The apparent fluctuation of the Gulf Stream is indicated by the results, as in the finding that on time scales of a few days, surface transport indicated by the sea surface height difference across the stream varied by nearly 30%
Short telomeres: from dyskeratosis congenita to sporadic aplastic anemia and malignancy

Telomeres are DNA-protein structures that form a protective cap on chromosome ends. As such, they prevent the natural ends of linear chromosomes from being subjected to DNA repair activities that would result in telomere fusion, degradation, or recombination. Both the DNA and protein components of the telomere are required for this essential function, because insufficient telomeric DNA length, loss of the terminal telomeric DNA structure, or deficiency of key telomere-associated factors may elicit a DNA damage response and result in cellular senescence or apoptosis. In the setting of failed checkpoint mechanisms, such DNA-protein defects can also lead to genomic instability through telomere fusions or recombination. Thus, as shown in both model systems and in humans, defects in telomere biology are implicated in cellular and organismal aging as well as in tumorigenesis. Bone marrow failure and malignancy are 2 life-threatening disease manifestations in the inherited telomere biology disorder dyskeratosis congenita. We provide an overview of basic telomere structure and maintenance. We outline the telomere biology defects observed in dyskeratosis congenita, focusing on recent discoveries in this field. Last, we review the evidence of how telomere biology may impact sporadic aplastic anemia and the risk for various cancers.
Decreasing energy consumption in address decoders by means of selective precharge schemes

This paper presents and evaluates three novel memory decoder designs which reduce energy consumption and delay by using selective precharging. These three designs, the AND-NOR, Sense-Amp, and the AND decoder, range in selectivity and select-line swing; these schemes charge and discharge fewer select-lines. This in turn consumes less energy than nonselective address decoders which charge and discharge all select-lines each cycle. These three decoding schemes are comprehensively simulated and compared to the conventional nonselective NOR decoder using 65nm CMOS technology. Energy, delay, and area calculations are provided for all four 4-to-16 decoders under analysis. The most selective AND decoder performs best and dissipates between 61% and 99% less (73% less on average) and the selective Sense-Amp decoder performs only slightly worse by dissipating between 58% and 75% less (66% less on average) energy than dissipated by the NOR decoder. The AND-NOR decoder dissipates between 15% less and 20% more (6% more on average) energy than dissipated by the NOR decoder. In addition, the AND decoder is 7.5% and the Sense-Amp decoder is 5.0% faster than the NOR decoder, however, the AND-NOR decoder is 1.7% slower than the NOR decoder.
P-90: Tailoring Morphology in Holographic-Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals for Reflective Display Applications

It is well known that the electro-optics of holographic-polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) materials are critically dependent on the phase separation dynamics and the final polymer morphology. We therefore demonstrate and explore how multiple-beam holography can be used to produce three-dimensional arrays of LC droplets and characterize their effect on the electro-optical properties of the reflection from these switchable films. We have exhausted many avenues to improve these materials in the context of reflective display applications and have found that this approach represents a novel way to beneficially modify the formation process.
Who Reveals what to whom? Critical Reflections on Conducting Qualitative Inquiry as an Interdisciplinary, Biracial, Male/Female Research Team

If qualitative inquiry seeks to understand and explain the meaning of social phenomena, then what is the influence of social interactions between researchers in this process? In seeking to understa...
First observation of 14F

Abstract We measured the excitation function for 13 O + p elastic scattering to obtain data on the unknown 14 F nucleus. The ground state and several low-lying excited states in 14 F were observed and spin/parity assignments were made. 14 F appears to be much less unstable than was predicted. We compare theoretical predictions for the 14 F level scheme with the experimental results.
Hierarchical region-of-interest detection

The objective of region-of-interest (ROI) detection is to identify portions of an image that contain targets. It is an important procedure for reducing data volume without losing important target information. The proposed algorithm aims at generating accurate representations of the ROIs such that each ROI covers one complete target. In addition, computation of the proposed algorithm is reduced by making use of information such as image resolution and approximate size of the targets. For this purpose, a multiscale, hierarchical architecture is developed. Results of the ROI detection in low-quality aerial imagery are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A madwoman in the art gallery? Gender, mediation and the relation between life and art in post-1989 Chinese independent film

The figure of the artist is an important subject of Chinese independent documentary and feature film, but while some of the aesthetic and political implications of this figure have been discussed, its gender dimensions have received little attention. This article puts gender at the centre of an investigation of documentary representations of troubled artists, beginning with Wu Wenguang's Liulang Beijing [Bumming in Beijing, 1990] and ending with Gu Yaping's Qin'ai de [My Dear, 2007]. The figure of the troubled artist serves as a trope of the entanglement of immediacy and mediation that constitutes the core formal tension of Chinese independent documentary film. How various instances of this figure are inflected by notions of gender difference, how they embody the tension between art and everyday life and between madness and sanity, and the kinds of performance they engage in are fundamental questions that help reassess the heterogeneous ‘poetics of presence’ shaping this vibrant field of contemporary visu...
Zero dissipation limit to rarefaction waves for the one‐dimensional navier‐stokes equations of compressible isentropic gases

We study the zero dissipation limit problem for the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations of compressible, isentropic gases in the case that the corresponding Euler equations have rarefaction wave solutions. We prove that the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations with centered rarefaction wave data exist for all time, and converge to the centered rarefaction waves as the viscosity vanishes, uniformly away from the initial discontinuities. In the case that either the effects of initial layers are ignored or the rarefaction waves are smooth, we then obtain a rate of convergence which is valid uniformly for all time. Our method of proof consists of a scaling argument and elementary energy analysis, based on the underlying wave structure. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Requirements for Selective Hydrophobic Acceleration in the Reduction of Ketones

Reductions of various quaternized hydrophobic β-keto amines were performed in water and in methanol using borohydride anions carrying hydrophobic groups. The most important requirement of the substrate to permit hydrophobically accelerated selective reductions is the ability of the hydrophobic group of the substrate and its attached keto group to attain a coplanar relationship. Some derivatives of naturally occurring steroid diones have also been employed as substrates to probe the mechanism and utility of these hydrophobically accelerated selective reductions further.
Scaling of the 0sup++ glueball mass in SU(N) Hamiltonian lattice calculations.

We show that a variational calculation of the ground-state energy of $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ Hamiltonian lattice gauge theories concurrently gives an estimate of the ${0}^{++}$ glueball mass. Monte Carlo calculations in three spatial dimensions for $N=3, 4, 5, \mathrm{and} 6$ indicate that the resulting glueball mass begins to scale for $N\ensuremath{\ge}5$.
Recreational Darkhouse Spearing for Northern Pike in Minnesota: Historical Changes in Effort and Harvest and Comparisons with Angling

Abstract A traditional form of harvest for northern pike Esox lucius during winter is darkhouse spearing through the ice. Using a comprehensive evaluation of creel surveys and license sales in Minnesota, we document a long-term decline in this unique sport fishery. The decline in recreational spear fishing effort cannot be blamed on catch rates because spearing catch rates have not changed perceptibly with time. Catch rates for spearing (mean = 0.175 fish/h) are similar to harvest rates by anglers that are targeting northern pike. Conflicts between spearers and anglers have led to questions about relative harvests by each group and their effects on northern pike populations. Creel survey data since 1980 show that summer and winter angling account for most of the northern pike harvest. Spearing accounted for 15% of the average yield of northern pike by number, but spearing is selective for the larger fish. In comparison with population estimates, spearing removes a small proportion of the total population ...
Inclusive two negative-pion production at 90° in the proton-nucleon C.M. system for nuclear targets and 28.5 GeV/c

Abstract The relative yields on three different targets for the inclusive production of two π − are fitted to σ ∼ A α for proton-nucleus interaction at p lab = 28.5 GeV/ c at different transverse pion momenta. The exponent α increases with p T and becomes greater than 1 at p T > 1.1 GeV/ c . The data are compared with fireball models to determine the lifetime τ and dimension R of the fireball. For beryllium, we found τ = (1.4 −0.6 +0.5 ) × 10 −24 sec and R = 0.8 ± 0.4 fm.
Fully asynchronous /spl mu/C interface serves in a pinch

This two-way interface allows the user to send and receive information between two microcomputers via one-line message displays, with the readout appearing simultaneously at both transmitting and receiving screens. The design of this parallel-line, handshaking interface is fairly straightforward, and it is easy to build and troubleshoot. Thus, it is an ideal first project for the student, or a simple and fast undertaking for the advanced engineer who requires rudimentary communications in a pinch. >
Testing thermal stability of orthorhombic GdCuP2.16 structure

Abstract Thermal stability with respect to a structural transformation and the crystal structure of the orthorhombic gadolinium copper phosphide GdCuP 2.16 was investigated using powder diffraction techniques. The structure was refined from the data collected at room temperature to yield Pmm 2 space group, a =5.3284(1), b =5.3868(1) and c =9.7486(2) A. The refinement results agree well with the single crystal results [J. Solid State Chem. 155 (2000) 259]. Although the phosphide preserves the orthorhombic crystal structure up to 700 °C, the thermal expansion along the a axis becomes larger than those along b and c axes above 500 °C, indicating that a structural transformation is likely to occur at higher temperatures.
Synthesis and constitution of the metallic mercury chain compound, Hg2.82(AsF6)0.94

Abstract A synthetic method has been devised for the synthesis of large silvery-golden single crystals of the anisotropic superconductor of empirical formula, Hg3AsF6. Density measurements together with earlier neutron diffraction and X-ray studies show that as a result of the incommensurate structure stabilized by anion vacancies, the material should be more correctly formulated as Hg2.82(AsF6)0.94.
Small molecule protein-protein interaction inhibitors as CNS therapeutic agents: current progress and future hurdles.

Protein–protein interactions are a crucial element in cellular function. The wealth of information currently available on intracellular-signaling pathways has led many to appreciate the untapped pool of potential drug targets that reside downstream of the commonly targeted receptors. Over the last two decades, there has been significant interest in developing therapeutics and chemical probes that inhibit specific protein–protein interactions. Although it has been a challenge to develop small molecules that are capable of occluding the large, often relatively featureless protein–protein interaction interface, there are increasing numbers of examples of small molecules that function in this manner with reasonable potency. This article will highlight the current progress in the development of small molecule protein–protein interaction inhibitors that have applications in the treatment or study of central nervous system function and disease. In particular, we will focus upon recent work towards developing small molecule inhibitors of amyloid-β and α-synuclein aggregation, inhibitors of critical components of G-protein-signaling pathways, and PDZ domain inhibitors.
The interaction between vitamin B-12 and micelles in aqueous solution

The apparent pK for benzimidazole displacement of a number of cobalamins is markedly affected by the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate micelles. However, micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or Triton X have little or no effect on the pK. By measuring the apparent pK as a function of sodium lauryl sulfate concentration, the association constants between the micelles and both base on and base off methylcobalamin were calculated. This calculation indicates that the base off form is strongly associated with the micelle while the base on form is not.
Looking Reality in the Eye: Museums and Social Responsibility

Looking Reality in the Eye: Museums and Social Responsibility. Robert P. Janesand Gerald T. Conaty, eds. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2005. 196 pp.
Mapping narratives: the 1992 Los Angeles riots as a case study for narrative-based geovisualization

In this paper, I demonstrate that narrative-based geovisualization contributes to a broader understanding of complex social and inherently spatial phenomena, such as riots, when combined with other data. Past spatial scholarship on riots has analyzed point-distribution data representing damaged structures caused by fires and vandalism. Although this approach is insightful, the analysis of damaged structures engages with just one type of many other significant occurrences during a riot. Since riots are a result of human actions, I am interested in representing other significant occurrences through the eyewitness, on-the-ground accounts—or narratives—that reveal individual observations and experiences. Using the 1992 Los Angeles riots as a case study, I combine point-distribution data and narrative data as a complementary, multiple-methods approach to investigate human actions during riots.
Endogenous, Spontaneous Formation of Beta-Lactamase in Staphylococcus aureus

In a β-lactamase-inducible strain of Staphylococcus aureus , the enzyme appears spontaneously in the absence of added inducer during lag and early log phases of growth and then declines rapidly to low levels. The endogenous inducer responsible for appearance of the enzyme has been isolated and purified and characterized as a peptidoglycan, containing muramic acid, glucosamine, glutamic acid, alanine, lysine, and glycine. The inducing compound could be isolated from the cells only during the lag and early log phases and from no other later periods. The data obtained are consistent with the thesis advanced earlier from this laboratory that β-lactamase serves a cellular function in the producing cell more important and beyond its capability of hydrolyzing certain penicillins to the antibiotically inactive penicilloic acids.
Generalizing the hop: object-level programming for legged motion

A model-independent method for controlling a hopping robot is presented. The approach focuses on the interaction between the hopper and its surroundings at points of contact. It is only through reactions at contact points that a hopper can alter its momenta. A generalization of the virtual leg abstraction allows control programs to be expressed as constraints on the external forces and torques acting on the hopper. The relationship between the nature of the external contacts and motion control strategies is investigated. The approach was tested in simulation using the model-driven dynamic simulator Newton. The experiments demonstrate the utility of simulation for studying physical control problems. Through simulation, a broad range of design parameters can be easily tested to determine the limits of the control strategy. >
Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought

What kind of duty do we have to try to stop other people doing wrong? The question is intelligible in just about any culture, but few of them seek to answer it in a rigourous fashion. The most striking exception is found in the Islamic tradition, where 'commanding right' and 'forbidding wrong' is a central moral tenet already mentioned in the Koran. As an historian of Islam whose research has ranged widely over space and time, Michael Cook is well placed to interpret this complex subject. His book represents the first sustained attempt to map the history of Islamic reflection on this obligation. It covers the origins of Muslim thinking about 'forbidding wrong', the relevant doctrinal developments over the centuries, and its significance in Sunni and Shi'ite thought today. In this way the book contributes to the understanding of Islamic thought, its relevance to contemporary Islamic politics and ideology, and raises fundamental questions for the comparative study of ethics.
Quantitative Studies of the Effect of Adhesion on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polymer Composites

Young’s modulus, tensile strength and the storage shear modulus experiments were performed on silica-filled ethylene-vinyl acetate composites and the results were correlated with polymer-filler interaction energy. The polymer-filler interaction energy was determined by wetting and infrared spectroscopy experiments. The interaction energy was characterized by the work of adhesion. The results indicate there is a strong correlation between modulus and tensile strength and the work of adhesion. There was an exponential relationship of modulus and tensile strength with the reciprocal of the work of adhesion.
Do low-income housing subsidies increase the occupied housing stock?

Abstract A necessary condition for justifying a policy such as subsidized low-income housing, either via tenant-based rental assistance or construction of public or private projects, is that it has a real effect on market outcomes. In this paper, we examine one aspect of the real effect of subsidized housing—does it increase the housing stock? If subsidized housing raises the quantity of occupied housing per capita, either more people are finding housing or they are being housed less densely. On the other hand, if subsidized housing merely crowds-out equivalent-quality low-income housing that otherwise would have been provided by the private sector, the housing policy may have little real effect on housing consumption. Using both Census place and MSA-level data from the decennial census and from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, we ask whether housing markets with more subsidized housing also have more total housing, after accounting for housing demand. We find that government-financed units raise the total number of units in a market, although on average one government-subsidized unit adds only one-third to one-half of a unit to the total housing stock. There is less crowd-out in more populous markets, and more crowd-out in places where there is less excess demand for subsidized housing, as measured by the number of government-financed units per eligible person. Tenant-based housing programs, such as Section 8 Certificates and Vouchers, seem to be more effective than project-based programs at targeting subsidized housing units to people who otherwise would not have their own.
Coelomates, Subduction, and the History of Atmospheric Oxygen

After burrowing organisms evolved and began to oxidize reduced carbon in sediments, photosynthesis could no longer add oxygen to the earth9s atmosphere. The widespread occurrence of laminated pelitic rocks indicates that burrowing organisms evolved about 700 m.y. ago. Subduction of oceanic crustal plates also may have disposed of some small amount of reduced carbon.
Oxygen administration during transport and recovery after outpatient surgery does not prevent episodic arterial desaturation

Abstract Study Objective: To compare the efficacy of two different oxygen (O 2 ) delivery systems in preventing episodic arterial desaturation in the immediate postoperative period. Study Design: Randomized, prospective, nonblinded comparison in patients. Setting: Operating room and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) of a university outpatient surgery center. Patients: 100 ASA status I and II adults, male and female, age greater than 18 years, undergoing outpatient surgical procedures not involving the upper airway. Interventions: Group I received supplemental O 2 administered by bag-valve-mask during transport, followed by 40% face shield in the PACU. Group 2 received supplemental O 2 by nasal cannula at 4 L/min both during transport and during PACU stay. Measurements and Main Results: Arterial O 2 saturation (SpO 2 ) was collected by computer from a recording pulse oximeter at 15-second intervals beginning before extubation and continuing until O 2 administration was discontinued in PACU. Neither mode of therapy was successful in completely eliminating arterial desaturation defined as SpO 2 less than 90%, nor was there any difference in efficacy between the two treatment groups. Group 1 had 8 patients desaturate on 9 different occasions (5 times during transport, 4 times in PACU). Group 2 had 5 patients desaturate on 9 different occasions (4 times during transport, 5 times in PACU). Conclusion: Routine O 2 administration during transport and PACU stay did not abolish episodic desaturation, even in healthy patients undergoing minor surgical procedures. Given the marked difference in acquisition cost, it would appear that O 2 administration by nasal cannula is a more cost-effective alternative for routine postoperative O 2 administration in certain groups of patients undergoing general anesthesia for outpatient surgery.
Optimizing Ultrasonic Rail Defect Inspection to Improve Transportation Safety and Efficiency

Preventing broken-rail-caused derailments is a high priority for the rail industry and government. The current practice is to periodically inspect rails using non-destructive technologies such as ultrasonic rail inspection. Determining the optimal inspection frequency is a critical decision in railway infrastructure management. The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical framework to address the trade-offs among various factors related to rail defect inspection frequency, in order to maximize rail transportation safety and efficiency.
Shifting the competition between the intramolecular reshuffling reaction and the direct oxidation reaction during the oxidative folding of kinetically trapped disulfide-insecure intermediates

The oxidative folding pathway(s) of single-domain proteins can be characterized by the existence, stability, and structural nature of the intermediates that populate the regeneration pathway. Structured intermediates can be disulfide-secure in that they are able to protect their existing (native) disulfide bonds from SH/SS reshuffling and reduction reactions, and thereby form the native protein directly, i.e., by oxidation of their exposed (or locally exposable) thiols. Alternatively, they can be disulfide-insecure, usually requiring global unfolding to expose their free thiols. However, such an unfolding event also exposes the existing native disulfide bonds. Thus, the subsequent oxidation reaction to form the native protein in a disulfide-insecure intermediate competes with the intramolecular attack by the thiols of the macromolecule on its own native disulfide bonds, resulting in a large population of intermediates that are reshuffled instead of being oxidized. Under stabilizing conditions, disulfide-i...