cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of cyanogen chloride hydrofluoride

Abstract The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of cyanogen chloride hydrofluoride are examined theoretically using the Gaussian 03 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned a motion type (H–F stretch, C≡N stretch, Cl–C stretch, Cl–C≡N bend, F–H wag, N⋯H stretch, and N⋯H–F bend) utilizing the C∞v symmetry of the molecule. Calculated infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported. The molecular orbitals and bonding of cyanogen chloride hydrofluoride are examined.
Inhibition of neurotoxic esterase and acetylcholinesterase by organophosphorus compounds in selected ectothermic vertebrates

Abstract The sensitivity of brain acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase to inhibition by several organophosphorus compounds was studied in selected ectothermic vertebrates. These enzymes are associated with organophosphorus compound acute and delayed toxicity, respectively. In addition, the susceptibility of several of these species to delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds was studied. Larvae of the gray treefrog, Southern leopard frog, and narrow-mouthed toad were exposed dermally to tri- o -tolyl phosphate or phenyl saliginen cyclic phosphate (PSCP); no symptoms of delayed neurotoxicity were observed in any of these animals up to 2 weeks after metamorphosis. No symptoms of delayed neurotoxicity were seen in juvenile bullfrogs exposed to multiple ip doses of PSCP. The specific activity of neurotoxic esterase was highest in the larval bullfrog, with juvenile channel catfish and adult mosquitofish demonstrating intermediate levels. The larval Southern leopard frog, adult Northern leopard frog, juvenile green treefrog, and adult marine toad exhibited extremely low activities. The specific activity of acetylcholinesterase was highest in the juvenile channel catfish. Neurotoxic esterase in the larval bullfrog was more sensitive to organophosphate inhibition than that in either fish. PSCP was a more potent neurotoxic esterase inhibitor than leptophos-oxon. The juvenile channel catfish had the acetylcholinesterase most sensitive to organophosphate inhibition. Under the conditions tested, no evidence of in vivo sensitivity to the organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity phenomenon was observed.
OF INFINITE REGRESS: PARADIGMS UNBROKEN IN J.-K. HUYSMANS'S A REBOURS

A problematica multiplexa do texto como postura, construcao, subterfugio, em si mesma compelativa e emaranhada, cria repercussoes ainda mais engenhosas e extirpadoras em A rebours, de Huysmans. Aqui a narrativa entra num dialogo ludico e mudo com o Eu numa especie de proliferacao e escoriacao auto-anulativa de in-significado. Assim, testemunhamos um pseudo-desafio de dentro, uma mascarada de tocaia, uma confabulacao intrincada alcada ao segundo poder.
Extrapolation Techniques for Very Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of a Ni-base Superalloy

A combination of extrapolation and estimation techniques from both prior and current studies has been explored with the goal of developing a method to accurately characterize high-stress amplitude low cycle fatigue of a material commonly used in gas turbine blades with the absence of such data. This paper describes innovative methods used to predict high-temperature fatigue of IN738LC, a dual-phase Ni-base superalloy. Three sets of experimental data at different temperatures are used to evaluate and examine the validity of extrapolation methods such as anchor points and hysteresis energy trends. High-stress amplitude data points approaching the ultimate strength of the material were added to pre-existing base data with limited plastic strain to achieve a full-range data set that could be used to test the legitimacy of the different prediction methods. Each method is evaluated at a number of temperatures.
Subjective and objective outcomes in patients reconstructed with a custom-fitted alloplastic temporomandibular joint prothesis

Purpose: This study looked at prospective subjective and objective preoperative and postoperative outcome data from a set of multiply operated, anatomically mutilated, functionless, chronic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain patients who have undergone TMJ reconstruction with a custom-fitted prosthetic system. Patients and Methods: Two hundred fifteen patients (363 joints: 296 bilateral, 67 unilateral) who had undergone total TMJ reconstruction with a custom-fitted TMJ prosthesis (Techmedica; now TMJ Concepts, Camarillo, CA) made up the subjects reviewed in this study. The mean follow-up period was 30.7 months. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the number of prior unsuccessful TMJ arthrotomies they had undergone (group 1 = 0 to 2; group 2 = 3 to 8; and group 3 = 9 or more) Results: Subjective improvement ratio data indicated that postoperatively group 1 had a 61.3% improvement in subjective parameters, group 2 had a 51.0% improvement, and group 3 had only a 27.5% improvement. Objective improvement ratio data showed that postoperatively group 3 had the largest increase in maximum interincisal opening, whereas the other groups had less improvement. Conclusion: The data from this study confirm, as previously reported in the literature, that the greater the number of surgical procedures performed on the TMJ, the less the chance of significant subjective improvement.
Early Stage Breast Cancer and Its Association with Diet and Exercise-Related Perceptions and Behaviors to Prevent Recurrence

Background: The favorable prognosis for early stage breast cancer survivors may be a reason for the minimal research regarding their quality of life. Prior research has observed more long-term weight gain among early stage survivors compared to cancer-free women of a similar age. It would be useful to study survivors’ perceptions and reported behaviors regarding diet and exercise to see if there is a correlation with previous studies. Methods: A sample of 700 breast cancer survivors from Ohio and Michigan was randomly selected from the Northwest Ohio affiliate of the Susan G. Komen For the Cure mailing list and sent a survey for completion. Results: 389 survivors completed the survey and among Stage 1 (50/197 = 25.4%) and Stage 2 survivors (24/105 = 22.9%), a small proportion had a positive correlation between self-reported dietary behaviors and their perceived benefits of eating fruits and vegetables. Similar correlations were observed between their self-reported exercise behaviors and their perceived benefits of exercise (Stage 1: 36/197 = 18.3%, Stage 2: 18/105 = 17.1%). Conclusions: Regardless of stage, a small proportion of survivors’ self-reported dietary and exercise behaviors match their perceived benefits of diet and exercise. Factors such as access, motivation, and lack of co-morbidities among early stage survivors may prevent them from living healthier post-diagnosis. More thorough dietary and clinical measurements will provide greater certainty. Thus, innovative, sustainable programs must be accessible and provide motivation and social support from family, friends, and other survivors to truly improve quality of life.
Taylor and Lagrange correlations in a turbulent free shear layer

The objective of this research was to study the effect of various Lagrange-tracking correlation methods in estimating the eddy lifetime for a two-stream, turbulent, planar free shear layer. Zeroth-, first- and second-order Lagrange correlation methods were applied to the time-evolving velocity field data collected from a cinematic particle image velocimetry technique. A time scale associated with the eddy lifetime was obtained based on a 2/e correlation of either vorticity or streamwise velocity fluctuations. When based on vorticity, this time scale significantly increased as expected when the tracking was computed with a second-order Lagrangian tracking technique as compared to a (zeroth-order) Taylor hypothesis approach. However when based on streamwise velocity fluctuations, this time scale did not increase significantly for the higher order projection methods. The latter result is attributed to occurrences of “reverse correlation” of the instantaneous streamwise velocity fluctuations caused by eddy rotation.
Caspase activation independent of cell death is required for proper cell dispersal and correct morphology in PC12 cells

Caspase activation is indispensable for the proper execution of apoptosis. However, to date, little is known about other possible physiologic functions for this class of enzymes in addition to their well-defined role in apoptosis. In this report, we described an action of caspase-3 involving cell dispersion that is independent of cell death. Using an in vitro neuronal model system consisting of PC12 cells, we observed a transient activation of caspase-3 both in situ and by Western blot analysis that was evident at 1 h following plating, was maximal by 3 h, and was attenuated by 24 h. Preincubation of PC12 cells with either the caspase-3 inhibitor, DEVD, or antisense caspase-3 oligonucleotides caused cells to be more rounded in appearance and led to a failure of cells to disperse properly. Additional experiments demonstrated a possible target for caspase cleavage to be the cytoskeletal protein, tau. These data suggest a requirement for caspase activation and subsequent disassembly of the cytoskeleton during cell dispersion and represent a novel role for caspases that may allow for proper migration of neurons to target locations during development.
Metacognition and memory for nonoccurrence.

A familiar hypothesis about the recognition of distractor items as “new”; is that it depends heavily on a metacognitive strategy in which the memorability or salience of the distractor is evaluated: if the item was deemed salient or memorable and yet no memory trace for it can be found, then it must not have been studied (e.g. Strack & Bless, 1994). In four experiments, no evidence was found to support this metamemory hypothesis. Experiments 1a, 1b, and 2 demonstrated that the judged salience of the stimuli did not predict participants' recognition judgements for distractors. In Experiments 3a and 3b, instructional manipulations designed to affect the ostensible metacognitive process failed to affect the recognition judgements. Finally, Experiment 4 indicated that confidence judgements do not support the predictions of the metamemory hypothesis.
Time dependence of the size distribution, number concentration and surface area in La Mer sulfur sols

Abstract Absolute angular light scattering measurements have been made on a continuously growing La Mer sulfur sol. The positively skewed zeroth order logarithmic distribution function was assumed for the inversion of the data which was based on the computer aided comparison of experimental intensities (Rayleigh ratios) to those calculated from Mie theory. The results of the computer analysis at the least variance (calculated between the experimental and theoretical intensities) did not always agree with a continuous change in the particle size. In such cases, a secondary minimum in the variance did. The modal particle size grew at a rapidly decreasing rate and diffusion controlled growth commenced within 40 min of the onset of nucleation. The zeroth order logarithmic breadth parameter, σ0, decreased inversely with the particle size. Calculated number concentrations were observed to reach a maximum 17 min after nucleation began and then to slowly decrease with time. An inverse relationship between the maximum number concentration and particle size is also demonstrated. Computer drawn topographies of the scattering intensities in the α—θ domain showing the effects of particle size distribution on the intensities are presented.
Infectious complications in extended criteria heart transplantation.

Background We have previously shown that extended criteria heart transplant recipient mortality is higher than standard list mortality, but this is not associated with an increased incidence of either primary graft dysfunction or acute rejection. We hypothesized that other adverse outcomes, principally determined by recipient characteristics, occur at a higher rate in extended criteria recipients. Methods A retrospective review of adult heart transplant recipients was conducted at Duke University Medical Center between January 2000 and July 2007. Infectious complications considered risk factors for recipient mortality were identified. In addition, the incidence of these complications was compared between standard and alternate list recipients. Results Infectious complications, including pneumonia, bacteremia and sepsis, were significant predictors of overall mortality (pneumonia hazard ratio 4.2 [95% CI 2.5 to 7.0], bacteremia hazard ratio 3.0 [95% CI 1.9 to 4.9], sepsis hazard ratio 6.0 [95% CI 3.6 to 10.2]). In addition, pneumonia occurred at a significantly higher rate in extended criteria (EC) than in standard list (SL) patients (27% vs 13%, p = 0.005), and bacteremia and sepsis demonstrated a trend toward higher occurrence in EC patients (36% vs 25%, p = 0.076, and 15% vs 8%, p = 0.114, respectively). In contrast, severe acute cellular rejection (ISHLT Grade ≥3A) was not a predictor of mortality, and had a similar incidence in both groups. Finally, although overall survival among patients in the SL group was not influenced by the occurrence of a major infectious complication, survival in the extended criteria group was significantly impacted by major infectious complications ( p Conclusions Infectious complications may account for decreased survival in extended criteria heart transplant recipients.
Data driven approach to designing minimum hamming distance polychotomizer

A polychotomous classifier assigns an observation to one of the K categories with K > = 3. Multiple binary classifiers (K = 2) such as the popular Support Vector Machines can be combined to achieve multi-class classification. Commonly used approaches include the one-vs-others scheme and the one-vs-one (pairwise coupling) scheme. While literature reported better performance from pairwise coupling than one-vs-others, the number of base learners required by pairwise coupling is quadratic in K. Alternatively, error correcting output codes (ECOC) provides a more general framework for designing polychotomizers. It associates each class with a codeword, which provides the capability to unify the traditional schemes. However, the design of an effective "coding matrix" remains an open problem. We study one kind of ECOC polychotomizer that decodes using minimum hamming distance. We propose a novel data-driven way to design the codewords based on inter-cluster distance. It provides a systematic way to extend the traditional schemes and construct effective polychotomizers. Experiments are conducted on synthetic data and real world applications including UCI repository problems and CENPARMI handwritten numerals. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can achieve competitive accuracy compared with both traditional schemes, and the number of base learners is typically much less than the requirement of the pairwise scheme.
Sand Detection Using Integrated AVA and Rock Property Analysis: Applications in Horizontal Well Drilling

An integrated methodology to characterize sandstone reservoirs in offshore Arabian Gulf oil fields is described in this paper. The methodology incorporates amplitude vs. angle (AVA) inversion and rock property analyses with the objective of defining optimum elastic properties to separate sandstone from shale and limestone. A set of elastic property cutoffs is determined from the rock property analysis and used to interrogate the AVA volumes to detect sandstone reservoirs and map their lateral and vertical distributions. The detected AVA sand images have been used to support planning and drilling of more than 100 wells in the last five years. Several examples from recent drilling results will be shared to show the application and limitation of the technique as well as recommendations for future improvements.
Response surface modeling of rim phase-shift masks

The use of statistically designed experiments provides an efficient method of investigating a lithographic process. Lithographic simulators have also been used as a tool in the investigation of these processes. This paper provides a general methodology for conducting designed experiments in which a computer simulator is the tool used as the data collection device. The rim shifter is a phase shifting technique that was investigated. Response surfaces measuring depth of focus were generated from simulated data. The resolution and depth of focus capabilities of this phase shift technique were also measured by both experimental and simulated data.
The processing of negation

Conjoined cognitions, both linguistic and perceptual, can be represented by the schema [ M 1 → M 2 ] and/but [ M 3 → M 4 ], with meaning units ( M s, corresponding to subjects and predicates) related positively or negatively (e.g., by is or is not ). The conjoining of the constituent cognitions by and or but depends on their congruence or incongruence. Difficulties of processing three types of negation representable in this schema—negative affective polarity of meaning units, cognitive incongruence between them, and the negation of relation due to inserted not s—were indicated by latencies of responding with and or but to conjoined sentences in which blanks replaced the appropriate conjunctions. The results indicate that meaning units must be cognized and compared before relation negation can be applied.
The superconducting energy gap of Rb3C60

THE discovery of superconductivity in potassium-doped C60(ref. 1) has been followed by an intense effort to understand the physics and chemistry of metal-doped fullerene solids2–13. Experimental studies of alkali-metal-doped C60 have now provided insight into the structure7,13 and the coherence length and penetration depth4 of the superconducting phase. No measurements of the superconducting energy gap (Δ) have, however, been reported. The BCS theory of superconductivity15, which has been used to interpret much of this experimental work2,4,9–13, predicts (in the limit of weak coupling) that the reduced energy gap 2Δ/kTC has a material-independent value of 3.53. Values in excess of 3.5 define strong coupling, and thus provide insight into the nature of the pairing mechanism. Here we describe the measurement of Δ for single-phase superconducting Rb3C60 by tunnelling spectroscopy using a scanning tunnelling microscope. We obtain a value of Δ at 4.2 K of 6.6±0.4 meV, corresponding to a reduced energy gap of 5.3. This is significantly larger than predicted by BCS theory, but similar in magnitude to values found for high-temperature copper oxide superconductors14. Our finding of strong coupling in Rb3C60 suggests the need for caution in using standard BCS theory to interpret superconductivity in metal-doped C60.
Smoothing, enrichment and contact in the element-free Galerkin method

Abstract The element-free Galerkin (EFG) method belongs to the class of mesh-free methods, which are well-suited to problems involving crack propagation due to the absence of any predefined element connectivity. However, the original visibility criterion used to model cracks leads to interior discontinuities in the displacements. Three methods for smoothing meshless approximations near nonconvex boundaries such as cracks are reviewed and compared: (1) the diffraction method, which wraps the nodal domain of influence a short distance around a point of discontinuity, such as a crack tip; (2) the transparency method, which gradually severs the domains of influence near crack tips; and (3) the “see-through” method, or continuous line criterion. Two techniques for enriching the EFG approximations near the tip of a linear elastic crack are also summarized and compared: extrinsic enrichment, in which special functions are added to the trial function; and intrinsic enrichment, in which the EFG basis is expanded by special functions. A contact algorithm based on a penalty method is also introduced for enforcing crack contact in overall compressive fields. Several problems involving arbitrary crack propagation are solved to illustrate the effectiveness of EFG for this class of problems.
They spoke in defense of themselves: On the generic criticism of apologia

The family of apologetic speeches, composed of responses to charges made against a person's character, has yet to receive critical attention as a genre. This essay, based upon the study of apologia from different historical periods, identifies four types of rhetorical strategies commonly found in such addresses. Rhetors typically employ these strategies in combinations that produce four discernible subgenres of the apologetic form: (a) absolutive, (b) vindicative, (c) explanative, and (d) justificative. This mapping of the genre should serve as an aid in the generic criticism of apologia.
Examination of Neutron-Irradiated Pressure-Vessel Steel Using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectrosopy

On a variety of pressure-vessel (PV) steels, we have observed changes in the average positron lifetime with increasing (near end-of-life) neutron fluences. Samples were irradiated at reactor-temperature and subjected to post-irradiation annealing, and they were examined using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The measured average positron lifetimes in high-temperature (2900 C-300° C) irradiated PV steels decrease with increasing neutron damage up to fluences of 8.5×1018 cm−2 and increase again at higher fluences. Annealing of high-fluence, 300° C irradiated ASTM A508 PV steel samples produces an initial decrease in average positron lifetimes with increasing annealing temperatures of up to 400° C, followed by an increase in average positron lifetime with higher annealing temperatures, when samples were annealed in successive 24-hour steps. A sample of weld steel, irradiated to 2.2×1019 cm−2 at 290° C, shows similar behavior in which the minimum lifetime occurs at ≈ 450° C. These trends are similar to those seen in previous studies performed on VVER and other ferritic steels.
Anti-cancer activity of new designer hydrogen sulfide-donating hybrids.

Abstract Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is likely to join nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) as the third gaseous transmitter, influencing an array of intracellular signaling cascades. Thus, H2S is implicated in numerous physiological processes and in the pathology of various diseases. Recent Advances: H2S-donating agents that liberate H2S slowly either alone or in combination with NO, the so-called NOSH compounds, are being synthesized, and these have been shown to have great potential against cancer. Critical Issues: An accurate determination of H2S levels is challenging. H2S and NO share many similar actions; do these similarities act to potentiate each other? Since many actions of H2S appear to be mediated through inhibition of inflammation and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells is a central player in this scenario, does S-nitrosylation of this transcription factor by NO affect its S-sulfhydration by H2S and vice versa? Future Directions: Deciphering the molec...
Rapid and efficient human mutation detection using a bench-top next-generation DNA sequencer

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can be a boon to human mutation detection given their high throughput: consequently, many genes and samples may be simultaneously studied with high coverage for accurate detection of heterozygotes. In circumstances requiring the intensive study of a few genes, particularly in clinical applications, a rapid turn around is another desirable goal. To this end, we assessed the performance of the bench-top 454 GS Junior platform as an optimized solution for mutation detection by amplicon sequencing of three type 3 semaphorin genes SEMA3A, SEMA3C, and SEMA3D implicated in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). We performed mutation detection on 39 PCR amplicons totaling 14,014 bp in 47 samples studied in pools of 12 samples. Each 10-hr run was able to generate ∼75,000 reads and ∼28 million high-quality bases at an average read length of 371 bp. The overall sequencing error was 0.26 changes per kb at a coverage depth of ≥20 reads. Altogether, 37 sequence variants were found in this study of which 10 were unique to HSCR patients. We identified five missense mutations in these three genes that may potentially be involved in the pathogenesis of HSCR and need to be studied in larger patient samples.
Bipolar Lumenless Lead Performance in Children and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Background. Because of small size and anatomic variation, implantation of intracardiac leads for permanent pacing in pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) patients can be challenging. A novel 4.1F bipolar catheter-delivered lead offers potential advantages for this population. Objective. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate this lead performance in this specific population. Methods. We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of all pediatric and adult CHD patients at a single center implanted with a 4.1F bipolar catheter-delivered active fixation pacemaker lead (Medtronic model 3830, Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Results. Over 10 months, 42 leads were implanted in 27 patients. Twenty-six atrial and 16 ventricular leads were placed. Patient ages were 1–28 years (mean 15 ± 7), and weights were 7.8–104 kg (mean 51.5 ± 26.6). Ventricular septal defect and D-transposition of great arteries were the most prevalent CHD diagnoses. Implant capture thresholds were 1.2 ± 0.8 V at 0.5 ms in the atrium and 0.8 ± 0.5 V at 0.5 ms in the ventricle. Implant sensing thresholds were 4.1 ± 2.7 mV in the atrium and 12.1 ± 4.9 mV in the ventricle. Phrenic nerve stimulation was avoided in all, and selective site pacing was achieved in most cases. Pacing and sensing thresholds remained stable during 90 ± 52 days follow-up. No lead related complications, failures, or extractions were observed. Conclusions. In our single-center experience with pediatric and CHD patients, a novel small, catheter-delivered bipolar lead has proven safe and effective for atrial and ventricular pacing in acute and subacute time periods. Longer performance trends will be required to determine chronic efficacy.
Cyclosporine-associated post-partum haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a renal transplant patient: lack of response to plasmapheresis but remission after intravenous immunoglobulin G

SUMMARY: We present the case of a young woman who developed severe post-partum (cyclosporine-associated) haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) 6 years after a living related donor kidney transplant. Her pregnancy had become complicated with preeclampsia (hypertension and nephrotic syndrome) and progressive renal insufficiency extending for 1 month after delivery, and there was evidence of cyclosporine vasculopathy on a kidney biopsy. Despite six daily treatments with plasmapheresis and fresh-frozen plasma replacement, her HUS progressively deteriorated, culminating in severe pulmonary haemorrhage. At this point, treatment with i.v. infusion of immunoglobulin G was initiated, which resulted in resolution of HUS. Moreover, at the time of diagnosis of HUS the patient was taken off cyclosporine and maintained on mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone.
Investigation of some complexes formed in solution by caffeine. II. Benzoic acid and benzoate ion.

The stoichiometry and the nature of interactions between caffeine and benzoic acid are discussed. Experimental evidence is offered to support the existence of at least one type of complex between caffeine and benzoate ion. The approximate stability constants for these systems have been determined at several temperatures to permit tentative estimation of the heats and entropies of the reactions.
Studies on mescaline. II. Electro-encephalogram in schizophrenics; effects of administration after electric convulsive treatment of schizophrenic patients.

The post-electric-shock electro-encephalograms of eight schizophrenic patients were studied following the intravenous injection of 0.5 grams of mescaline sulfate in each. A symmetrical suppression of high voltage, slow wave activity was noted in tracings taken at the first and fourth hours. At the twenty-fourth hour, the patterns had returned to pre-test levels in six of eight patients. It has been demonstrated that the high voltage bursts and slow wave activity appearing after electric convulsive treatment originated in the diencephalon. Since mescaline suppresses these slow waves, the diencephalon would appear to be one of its areas of action.
THE ROLE OF GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE IN THE INCORPORATION OF AMMONIUM IN SKELETONEMA COSTATUM (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1

SUMMARY The Km for ammonia for glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase was measured in enzyme extracts from Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. At similar physiological pH and temperature the half-saturation constant for glutamine synthetase was 29 μM, whereas for GDH it was 28mM. On the basis of relative enzymic activity, as well as substrate affinity, it is suggested that glutamine synthetase is the enzyme primarily responsible for the incorporation of ammonium into the amino acid pool, when extracellular nitrogen is at ecological concentrations.
Shear‐induced alignment of nonspherical Brownian particles near walls

A theoretical investigation is presented of the convection-diffusion of model nonspherical solutes in shear flow over a plane wall. The analysis proceeds by formulating the underlying configuration-space Brownian transport equation for the distribution over accessible positions and orientations. Geometrical constraints are imposed via boundary conditions preventing wall penetration, and some of the calculations incorporate hydrodynamic interactions with the wall. The analysis is brought to fruition by regular perturbation expansion in the rotary Peclet number, and solution of the resultant boundary-value problems by a Galerkin technique. Three specific mechanistic conclusions result from the analysis. First, steric constraints imposed by the wall impedes the shear-induced solute alignment (producing a more nearly uniform distribution over orientations relative to the unbounded-fluid case) near the wall. Second, although the first effect of flow is to counteract the equilibrium depletion of solute centers near the wall, flow reinforces this depletion at higher order in the shear rate. Third, solute-wall hydrodynamic interactions act to strengthen the shear-induced solute alignment near the wall. This last phenomenon occurs because hydrodynamic wall effects significantly decrease the rotary diffusivity, but have little effect on the angular velocity, thereby locally increasing the effective rotary Peclet number (the effective flow strength). Correspondingly, solute-wall hydrodynamic interactions reinforce the flow effects on the near-wall depletion just noted. Steric and hydrodynamic wall effects typically are of order 15–20% near the wall.
Processor allocation strategies for multiprocessor database machines

In this paper four alternative strategies for assigning processors to queries in multiprocessor database machines are described and evaluated. The results demonstrate that SIMD database machines are indeed a poor design when their performance is compared with that of the three MIMD strategies presented.Also introduced is the application of data-flow machine techniques to the processing of relational algebra queries. A strategy that employs data-flow techniques is shown to be superior to the other strategies described by several experiments. Furthermore, if the data-flow query processing strategy is employed, the results indicate that a two-level storage hierarchy (in which relations are paged between a shared data cache and mass storage) does not have a significant impact on performance.
Software and hardware integration of a microprogrammable state machine for NMR imaging.

Abstract We have integrated a commercially available microprogrammable state machine (Tecmag PULSkit) for use as a magnetic resonance pulse programmer. Providing the capability for active research environment imaging protocols, it features timing resolution of 100 nsec, ten 16-bit loop counters, and individually addressable look-up tables. This integration involved hardware and software integration with a VAX 11 750 at several levels. Hardware: Each of the three gradient channels employs three digital-to-analog converters (DACs). An 8-bit, 4-quadrant, multiplying DAC generates the gradient waveform shape. A 12-bit DAC generates the multiplying DAC scaling voltage, controlling gradient amplitude and sign. A third 12-bit DAC produces a gradient offset (shim) voltage. An eddy current compensation network is present for each gradient channel. Software: The software design philosophy was to create a flexible interface (interactive window environment), while not constraining complex manipulation of the hardware (direct use of the pulse-sequence compiler primitives and microprogramming). The software levels include (a) pulse-sequence microprogramming, (b) pulse-sequence compiler, (c) interactive parameter specification, and (d) canned pulse-sequence microcode library.
Acoustic detection, tracking and classification of Low Flying Aircraft

Low Flying Aircraft (LFA) may be used to smuggle illicit drugs or illegal immigrants across borders. Sound radiated by LFA was used for their detection, tracking and classification by the developed Acousto Seismic Air Detection (ASAD) system. ASAD consists of several nodes, where each node has five microphone clusters and three geophones. Single ASAD node can detect aircraft sound, determine their bearing, and classify the target. Two or mode nodes provide target localization. Extended tests of various small aircraft flying according to planned test patterns were conducted in difficult mountainous areas. The comparison of acoustic detection and tracking with ground truth from the GPS carried by the targets allowed the estimation of acoustic detection, bearing and localization distances and their accuracy.
REGULATION OF PERITHECIA PRODUCTION IN FUSARIUM ROSEUM BY ZEARALENONE

Zearalenone, a phytoestrogen produced by various species of Fusarium, regulates perithecial formation in F. roseum ‘Graminearum’. The response is concentration dependent, enhancing at low concentrations (1–10 ng) and inhibiting at high concentrations (10–100 μg). The biological activity can be modified by varying the chemical structure of the parent molecule. Zearalenone binds to mammalian estrogen receptor protein competitively with estradiol. Conversely estradiol binds to specific receptor protein from Fusarium mycelium.
Operative mortality in women and men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (from the California Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Outcomes Reporting Program).

The comparative operative mortality (OM) in women and men undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) has not been clarified. Therefore, we evaluated factors related to OM in a large cohort of women and men undergoing isolated CABG. Results from 121 hospitals on patients undergoing isolated CABG in 2003 and 2004 were analyzed according to gender, including demographics, clinical characteristics, and surgical outcome. A total of 10,708 women and 29,669 men had isolated CABG in 2003 to 2004. Observed mortality in women was significantly higher than in men (4.60% vs 2.53%, p 3 diseased coronary arteries and left ventricular dysfunction, women were more likely to be older, diabetic, have stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, and nonelective CABG. Women were less likely to receive an internal mammary artery graft. Multivariate analysis indicated that women were at higher risk for OM than men (odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.40 to 1.84). In conclusion, data from the large state-mandated CCORP indicate that women are at increased risk of OM after isolated CABG compared to men, despite adjustment for preoperative risk factors.
Turbulence and laminar structures: can they co-exist?

Schwarzschild first suggested that the laminar structures observed in the high Reynolds number Re = UL/nu approx. = (10(exp 12)) solar photosphere are the result of turbulence rather than a proof of its absence. He reasoned that since turbulence generates large turbulent viscosities nu(sub t) much greater than nu, the "effective" Reynolds number Re = UL/nu(sub t) approx. = O(1). Schwarzschild's argument is, however, incomplete for it assumes that the entire role of the non-linear interactions is to "enhance" viscosity. While this is not true in general, we present a proof of how and why it may occur, thus completing Schwarzschild's argument. We further discuss the fact that the same model non-local turbulence models have been shown to reproduce LES data for a variety of flows pertaining to astrophysics, geophysics and laboratory situations (at a fraction of the time).
What is the International Heliophysical Year

More than a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) planned for 2007 will be a program of coordinated research in the tradition of a long succession of international programs, of which the IGY is arguably the most famous. One might justifiably ask, “Yet another coordinated research program? Given all the others, what will IHY have to offer? Will it lead to better science or just more science?” To address these and other questions, nearly 60 scientists participated in the U.S. Planning Workshop for the IHY last April at the National Solar Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico.The workshop, organized into four working groups on the Sun, the heliosphere, magnetospheres and ionospheres, and atmospheres and climate, took up the challenge posed by these critical questions.
Neuropeptide Y modulates growth hormone but not luteinizing hormone secretion from prepuberal gilt anterior pituitary cells in culture.

Abstract Pituitary cells, from seven 160- to 170-day-old pigs, were studied in primary culture to determine the affects NPY on LH and GH secretion at the level of the pituitary. On day 4 of culture, medium was discarded, plates were rinsed twice with serum-free medium and cells were cultured in 1 ml fresh medium without serum and challenged individually with 10 −10 , 10 −8 or 10 −6 M [Ala 15 ]-h growth hormone-releasing factor-(1–29)NH 2 (GRF); 10 −9 , 10 −8 or 10 −7 M GnRH or 10 −9 , 10 −8 , 10 −7 or 10 −6 M NPY individually or in combinations with 10 −9 or 10 −8 M GnRH or 10 −8 or 10 −6 M GRF. Cells were exposed to treatment for 4 h at which time medium was harvested and quantified for LH and GH. Basal LH secretion (control; n = 7 pituitaries) was 12 ± 6 ng/well. Relative to control at 4 h, 10 −9 , 10 −8 and 10 −7 M GnRH increased ( P P > 0.4) basal LH secretion nor 10 −8 M GnRH-induced increase in LH secretion but 10 −9 M GnRH-stimulated LH secretion was reduced by NPY and was not different from control or GnRH alone. Basal GH secretion (control; n = 7 pituitaries) was 56 ± 12 ng/well. Relative to control at 4 h, 10 −10 , 10 −8 and 10 −6 M GRF increased GH secretion by 111%, 125% ( P P −6 M (134%) and 10 −7 M (125%) NPY increased ( P −9 , 10 −8 and 10 −7 M NPY in combination with 10 −8 M GRF suppressed ( P −9 M NPY enhanced ( P −6 M GRF. These results demonstrate that NPY may directly modulate GH secretion at the level of the pituitary gland.
The sociocultural and historical context of developmental studies

This is a commentary based on the articles in this special issue. A reading of these articles suggests that they are united by the following general themes: a relational orientation (as opposed to a focus on individuals), the sensual embodiment of the self (as opposed to a mentalistic conception of self), development as a historical co-construction that is culturally mediated, relationships as self-organizing and emergent (more than a sum of the inputs), and a focus on process research (rather than on outcomes). Brazilian developmental psychology is situated within the context of the local and world cultural history of developmental studies.
Does wet prairie vegetation retain more nitrogen with or without Phalaris arundinacea invasion

Elevated nitrogen (N) levels accelerate expansion of Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass), a highly aggressive invader that displaces native vegetation and forms monotypes. Hence, Phalaris is commonly presumed to have high nutrient uptake that contributes to higher N retention in a wetland. We compared the capability of wet prairie vegetation with and without invading Phalaris under low-N and high-N treatments to (1) accumulate N in plant tissues, (2) retain N in soil and (3) remove N from water flowing through mesocosms. With high-N treatment, above-ground biomass increased by > 90% (P 46% (P = 0.0005; yrs. 1–2). Consequently, there was ~3 times as much total N accumulation in above-ground tissue (calculated from biomass and percent total N in tissues) with high-N treatment vs. low-N treatment (P 0.05) or in concentrations of NH4–N or NO3–N released in the discharged water (P > 0.1) from wet prairie mesocosms with and without invading Phalaris. Soil NH4–N did not differ between the wet prairie mesocosms with and without Phalaris invasions on five dates (P > 0.05); the one exception was in August 2004 (27% greater with invasion; P = 0.02). Our results from wet prairie mesocosms do not support the presumption that Phalaris retains more N than native plant assemblages.
Notes on Formica (Neoformica) moki Wheeler, with description of a new subspecies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Recently I received for determination three workers and four callows of an undescribed ant closely related to Formica moki Wheeler. These specimens were collected by Falconer Smith at Leaven worth, Wash., in an arid region somewhat similar to the regions in which live our honey ants, Myrmecocystus spp. The similarity of appearance is indeed very striking between certain species of Myrmecocystus, Formica moki, and the new subspecies. Wheeler was so puzzled as to the proper subgeneric assignment of moki that he at first placed the species in the rufa group of the typical subgenus, and later transferred it to the subgenus Neoformica Wheeler. The cotypes of moki were collected in the Grand Canyon of Arizona at an altitude of 5,000 to 7,000 feet (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 22: 343â344, 1900). The uncertainty regarding the correct systematic position of moki is shown in the following quotation from Wheeler: âThis species seems to belong to the Formica rufa group although certain characters ally it with F.fusca. At first sight it resembles rather deeply colored specimens of the variety neoclara Emery of the latter species, but differs from this and all the other North American Formicae known to me in the very low and flat thorax and the length of the mesoepinotal constriction. In these respects it approaches the forms of the pallide-fulva group, but the surface of the body is subopaque as in the smaller species allied to F. rufa. It will be impossible to assign moki to a precise position until the female is discovered.â
Neonatal toxicity in mice associated with the Ahb allele following transplacental exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene

Abstract This study was conducted to determine if the Ah genotype in mice could influence the incidence of neonatal mortality following maternal exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). Male F1 hybrids ( Ah b Ah d ) produced from a cross of C57BL 6J and DBA 2J were backcrossed to DBA 2J females. This backcross mating resulted in noninducible pregnant mice ( Ah d Ah d ) containing litters with a 1:1 ratio of AHH-inducible ( Ah b Ah d ) and noninducible ( Ah d Ah d ) fetuses. Dams were exposed by the oral route to 3-MC in corn oil at doses of 7, 21, or 63 mg/kg/day on Days 15, 16, and 17 of pregnancy, or to the positive control agent urethane at 1 mg/g ip on Day 17. The phenotype of surviving offspring was determined by zoxazolamine paralysis time and hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity measurements. Dose-related responses in all 3-MC treatment groups were obtained in measures of neonatal toxicity, i.e., number of litters surviving to term, litter size at birth, survival to weaning, and weight gain to 13 weeks of age. Correlation of the Ah phenotype with the neonatal toxicity data indicated that genetically responsive offspring had higher levels of neonatal toxicity than nonresponsive offspring within the same exposure groups. Thus, when fetuses are exposed in the same maternal environment to 3-MC, genetic differences in Ah genotype may influence the susceptibility to neonatal toxicity.
Eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean T-S variations with El Nino

Temperature-Salinity (T-S) relationship variability in the pycnocline of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (NINO3 region, 5 degrees S ??degrees N, 150 degrees W ?? degrees W) over the last two decades is investigated using observational data and model simulation.
Life Attitudes, Dreams, and Psychic Trauma in a Group of “Normal” Children

Twenty-five normal schoolchildren were asked about their futures, expectations, the likelihood of any disasters, repeated terror dreams or death dreams, and their sense of dream prediction. Each child was asked for any particularly terrifying past episodes. Although there were a few isolated findings of limitation in life philosophy or death dreams without any connectable past fright or helplessness, the vast majority of positive findings in these normal children were directly related to past terror or psychic trauma.
Conformational Dynamics of Neurofilament Side-Arms

The side-arms of neurofilaments (NFs) have been proposed to be highly disordered, leading to entropic repulsion that modulates interfilament spacing. To gain further insight into the dynamics and organization of the side-arms, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of neurofilament brushes using a coarse-grained model. The density profiles for three NF proteins, NF-L, NF-M, and phosphorylated NF-H (NF-HP), grafted to planar surfaces were calculated and examined as a function of component (salt, residues) and as a function of charge. Analysis of these profiles reveals that the NF with the shortest side arm, NF-L, is disproportionately long compared to the other NFs. The reason for difference is that NF-L is effectively a strong polyelectrolyte, while NF-M and NF-HP are effectively weaker polyelectrolytes. Further, we find cross-correlations between neurofilament side-arms within the brush, even for the NF-L polymers. These correlations occur because of strong attractions between the long sequence repe...
Control of intrinsic brittleness and toughness of polymers and blends by chemical structure: A review

The intrinsic brittle-ductile (craze-yield) behavior of polymers and blends are controlled by two chain parameters: entanglement density ve and characteristic ratio Cx. These chain parameters can be predicted from chemical structure. Therefore, the intrinsic brittle-ductile behavior of polymers and blends can be controlled by chemical structure using group additivity. The chemical composition and chain structure which can give the ultimate toughness in polymers and blends are discussed.
The Data Collection Matrix Model: A Tool for Functional Area and Program Evaluation.

The management and utilization of collected data is crucial in evaluating programs and functional area effectiveness. Various assessment instruments may address similar functional areas of the college, yet we often fail to compile these data for comprehensive evaluation. The data collection matrix makes possible the integration of functional area data from numerous assessment sources and presentation of the information in a unified composite report. The matrix model will be discussed in relation to the various assessment instruments and the evaluation of functional areas and programs. This paper is directed toward institutional researchers who may wish to adapt the model to their own institution.